British_Isles

qas: question: What is two islands that are part of the British Isles?
answers: text: Great Britain, Ireland

question: Where are the British Isles located?
answers: text: North Atlantic,

question: How many people live in the British Isles?
answers: text: just under 70 million

question: What is one of the three Crown Dependencies of the British Isles?
answers: text: Isle of Man

question: Where are the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey located?
answers: text: in the Channel Islands

question: What are the only teo islands belonging to the British Isles

question: What countries border the ATlantic Ocean?

question: Which Island has just under 70 million people?

question: What group of Islands has just over 70 million people?

question: What archipelago are the Bailicick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey part of?

question: The British Isles are a group of islands located off the southwestern coast of which continent? 

question: The British Isles consist of over 9,000 small islands, Great Britain and which other country?

question: With a total population of just over 75 million, what is the total area of the islands?

question: The Channel Islands are a group of islands located off the northwestern coast of which continent? 

question: The Bailiwick of Jersey has a total area of 31,5,159 km squared and a total population of how many?
context: The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland and over six thousand smaller isles. Situated in the North Atlantic, the islands have a total area of approximately 315,159 km2, and a combined population of just under 70 million. Two sovereign states are located on the islands: Ireland (which covers roughly five-sixths of the island with the same name) and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The British Isles also include three Crown Dependencies: the Isle of Man and, by tradition, the Bailiwick of Jersey and the Bailiwick of Guernsey in the Channel Islands, although the latter are not physically a part of the archipelago.

qas: question: What is the age of the oldest rocks in the north western part of Scotland?
answers: text: 2,700 million years old

question: What is the elevation of Ben Nevis?
answers: text: 1,344 metres (4,409 ft

question: What type of climate does this area have?
answers: text: temperate marine

question: Around 12,000 BC, Great Britain was still a peninsula on what continent?
answers: text: European continent.

question: When is it believed that Ireland became inhabited?
answers: text: after 8000 BC

question: what is the age of the oldest rocks in Europe?

question: How far below sea level is Ben Nevis?

question: What is the largest lake in Europe?

question: What continent is Great Britian a peninsula of?

question: What Island was inhabited in 12,000 B.C.

question: The oldest rocks are 1,500 years old and located where? 

question: Located in the North Atlantic, how old are the oldest rocks?

question: By 4600 BC, Great Britain was established as what?

question: Lough Neagh reaches an elevation of 390 metres and Ben Nevis covers how many square miles? 

question: Ireland became an old reock in 12,000 BC but wasn't inhabited until when?
context: The oldest rocks in the group are in the north west of Scotland, Ireland and North Wales and are 2,700 million years old. During the Silurian period the north-western regions collided with the south-east, which had been part of a separate continental landmass. The topography of the islands is modest in scale by global standards. Ben Nevis rises to an elevation of only 1,344 metres (4,409 ft), and Lough Neagh, which is notably larger than other lakes on the isles, covers 390 square kilometres (151 sq mi). The climate is temperate marine, with mild winters and warm summers. The North Atlantic Drift brings significant moisture and raises temperatures 11 °C (20 °F) above the global average for the latitude. This led to a landscape which was long dominated by temperate rainforest, although human activity has since cleared the vast majority of forest cover. The region was re-inhabited after the last glacial period of Quaternary glaciation, by 12,000 BC when Great Britain was still a peninsula of the European continent. Ireland, which became an island by 12,000 BC, was not inhabited until after 8000 BC. Great Britain became an island by 5600 BC.

qas: question: Which is one of the tribes that spoke Insular Celtic?
answers: text: Pictish (northern Britain)

question: When did the Pictish tribe start to inhabit the islands?
answers: text: beginning of the 1st millennium AD

question: Who foreign group conquered Britain around AD 43?
answers: text: Roman Empire

question: When did the Vikings invade Britain?
answers: text: 9th century

question: What are the six counties in Ireland called that are still part of the United Kingdom?
answers: text: Northern Ireland

question: Wich was the first tribe to speak Insular Celtic?

question: Whaen did Britian conquer the Roman Empire?

question: What group arrived with the Romans?

question: Where did the Romans invade in the 9th century?

question: How many counties fought with the UK during the Irish War of Independence?

question: The Hiberni tribes of northern Britain speak which language?

question: The Pictish tribe of Southern Ireland inhabited the islands when? 

question: The Anglo-Saxon empire was conquered by the Roman Empire from when? 

question: The Anglo Saxons arrived in the 3rd century and would end up dominated what is modernly known as what country?

question: The Anglo-Viking treaty is associated with which time frame? 
context: Hiberni (Ireland), Pictish (northern Britain) and Britons (southern Britain) tribes, all speaking Insular Celtic, inhabited the islands at the beginning of the 1st millennium AD. Much of Brittonic-controlled Britain was conquered by the Roman Empire from AD 43. The first Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century and eventually dominated the bulk of what is now England. Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements and political change—particularly in England. The subsequent Norman conquest of England in 1066 and the later Angevin partial conquest of Ireland from 1169 led to the imposition of a new Norman ruling elite across much of Britain and parts of Ireland. By the Late Middle Ages, Great Britain was separated into the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, while control in Ireland fluxed between Gaelic kingdoms, Hiberno-Norman lords and the English-dominated Lordship of Ireland, soon restricted only to The Pale. The 1603 Union of the Crowns, Acts of Union 1707 and Acts of Union 1800 attempted to consolidate Britain and Ireland into a single political unit, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, with the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining as Crown Dependencies. The expansion of the British Empire and migrations following the Irish Famine and Highland Clearances resulted in the distribution of the islands' population and culture throughout the world and a rapid de-population of Ireland in the second half of the 19th century. Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom after the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919–1922), with six counties remaining in the UK as Northern Ireland.

qas: question: Why is the name the British Isles disputed in Ireland?
answers: text: association of the word British

question: Does the Government of Ireland use the British Isle term?
answers: text: does not recognise or use the term

question: What is the alternative name that Government of Ireland uses instead of British Isles?
answers: text: Atlantic Archipelago

question: Does the Government of Ireland's London embassy use the name British Isles?
answers: text: its embassy in London discourages its use

question: Why does Britian dispute the name British Isles?

question: What term does the British government not recognize?

question: What name does the government of Britian use instead of the British Isles?

question: What does Britian prefer to refer to as the Atlantic Archipelago?

question: The term Atlantic Archipelago is considered controversial in which country?

question: Which term does the Atlantic government not recognize? 

question: The embassy in Paris discourages the use of what term?lon

question: Which country names are used as an alternative to the phrase Atlantic Archipelago?
context: The term British Isles is controversial in Ireland, where there are objections to its usage due to the association of the word British with Ireland. The Government of Ireland does not recognise or use the term and its embassy in London discourages its use. As a result, Britain and Ireland is used as an alternative description, and Atlantic Archipelago has had limited use among a minority in academia, although British Isles is still commonly employed. Within them, they are also sometimes referred to as these islands.

qas: question: Where did the first known occurrence of the British Isle name appear in written material?
answers: text: writings of sea-farers

question: What is one of the earliest surviving records that mention the name British Isles?
answers: text: Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC)

question: What language do most historians agree upon where the Greek names for the British Isles came from?
answers: text: native Celtic-language

question: What did the ancient Greeks call the people that lived in the British Isles?
answers: text: Πρεττανοί (Priteni or Pretani)

question: When did the "P" sound of Pretannia change to the "B" sound of Britannia?
answers: text: during the time of Julius Caesar

question: What group of islands was first discovered my the Greek colony of Massalia.

question: What languages bored from the Greeks when they named the islands?

question: What Roman named the Islands?

question: Who changed Britannia to Pretannia?

question: The oldest known references to the agreements as a whole appeared where?

question: Most historians today agree that these British names most likely originated from what native languages names?

question: During the time of Julius Caesar, the shift from the B of Britannia to the P of what occurred? 

question: Although the original records have since been found, later writings that quoted from what are lost? 
context: The earliest known references to the islands as a group appeared in the writings of sea-farers from the ancient Greek colony of Massalia. The original records have been lost; however, later writings, e.g. Avienus's Ora maritima, that quoted from the Massaliote Periplus (6th century BC) and from Pytheas's On the Ocean (circa 325–320 BC) have survived. In the 1st century BC, Diodorus Siculus has Prettanikē nēsos, "the British Island", and Prettanoi, "the Britons". Strabo used Βρεττανική (Brettanike), and Marcian of Heraclea, in his Periplus maris exteri, used αἱ Πρεττανικαί νῆσοι (the Prettanic Isles) to refer to the islands. Historians today, though not in absolute agreement, largely agree that these Greek and Latin names were probably drawn from native Celtic-language names for the archipelago. Along these lines, the inhabitants of the islands were called the Πρεττανοί (Priteni or Pretani). The shift from the "P" of Pretannia to the "B" of Britannia by the Romans occurred during the time of Julius Caesar.

qas: question: What did name did Claudius Ptolemy (Greco-Egyptian scientist) use for Ireland?
answers: text: little Britain (μικρής Βρεττανίας - mikris Brettanias)

question: In later writings, what did Claudius Ptolemy called the British Isles?
answers: text: Alwion, Iwernia, and Mona

question: After the Romans conqured the British Isles what became the more common name for the country?
answers: text: Great Britain

question: Who refered to the islands as little Britian?

question: What did Claudis Ptolemy write in the 1st century AD

question: Who wrote Geography in the 1st century AD?

question: Who's conquest lead to the more common use of the name Albion?

question: What islands were descovered in 150 AD?

question: What did the German scientist call the larger island?

question: What did the German scientist refer to Ireland as?

question: What names did the British scientist give the islands in his later work?

question: During what years did the British scientist Claudius Ptolemy complete his work, Almagest?

question: In what year did the British scientist Claudius Ptolemy complete his work, Geography?
context: The Greco-Egyptian scientist Claudius Ptolemy referred to the larger island as great Britain (μεγάλης Βρεττανίας - megális Brettanias) and to Ireland as little Britain (μικρής Βρεττανίας - mikris Brettanias) in his work Almagest (147–148 AD). In his later work, Geography (c. 150 AD), he gave these islands the names Alwion, Iwernia, and Mona (the Isle of Man), suggesting these may have been names of the individual islands not known to him at the time of writing Almagest. The name Albion appears to have fallen out of use sometime after the Roman conquest of Great Britain, after which Britain became the more commonplace name for the island called Great Britain.

qas: question: What is the earliest English usage of the term Brytish Illes?
answers: text: a work by John Dee

question: When was this Brytish Illes name used in the English language by John Dee?
answers: text: 1577

question: What is another name that is used for the British Isles?
answers: text: Anglo-Celtic Isles

question: What is the common term that the Government of Ireland uses when documents are written jointly with the British?
answers: text: "these islands

question: What phrase can be dated back to the 15th century?

question: Who used the phrase Brytish Iles in the 15th century?

question: What term is not used by the UK?

question: What two countries use the term British Isles when drawing up documents together?

question: John Doe cites the earliest known use of Brytish Iles as occurring in what year?

question: What are some other names used to describe the phrases?

question: The most widely accepted term for Ireland is what?

question: What name is seen by some as having Atlantic overtones? 

question: What term does the British government not use? 
context: The earliest known use of the phrase Brytish Iles in the English language is dated 1577 in a work by John Dee. Today, this name is seen by some as carrying imperialist overtones although it is still commonly used. Other names used to describe the islands include the Anglo-Celtic Isles, Atlantic archipelago, British-Irish Isles, Britain and Ireland, UK and Ireland, and British Isles and Ireland. Owing to political and national associations with the word British, the Government of Ireland does not use the term British Isles and in documents drawn up jointly between the British and Irish governments, the archipelago is referred to simply as "these islands". Nonetheless, British Isles is still the most widely accepted term for the archipelago.

qas: question: When did the Caledonian Orogeny occur?
answers: text: c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period

question: What happened during the c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period?
answers: text: craton Baltica collided with the terrane Avalonia

question: What formed after the craton Baltica and the terrane Avalonia collision?
answers: text: mountains and hills

question: What formed the hills of Munster and the southern part of Wales?
answers: text: Variscan orogeny

question: In which direction have the British Isles been drifting?
answers: text: northwest

question: What orogeny occurred in the 4th century?

question: What collided in the 4th century?

question: What formed before the craton Baltica and Avalonia collision?

question: What has been drifting north east for the last 500 million years?

question: The hills in northern England and Ireland were formed when what collided with Avalonia?

question: What formed the southwestern half of Ireland and Scotland?

question: Avalonia formed the northwestern half of Ireland and what other country?

question: During what time span was the Orogenic Period?

question: What did Baltica collide with to form the equator?
context: The British Isles lie at the juncture of several regions with past episodes of tectonic mountain building. These orogenic belts form a complex geology that records a huge and varied span of Earth's history. Of particular note was the Caledonian Orogeny during the Ordovician Period, c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian period, when the craton Baltica collided with the terrane Avalonia to form the mountains and hills in northern Britain and Ireland. Baltica formed roughly the northwestern half of Ireland and Scotland. Further collisions caused the Variscan orogeny in the Devonian and Carboniferous periods, forming the hills of Munster, southwest England, and southern Wales. Over the last 500 million years the land that forms the islands has drifted northwest from around 30°S, crossing the equator around 370 million years ago to reach its present northern latitude.

qas: question: What was the most recent glaciation that has shaped the British Isles?
answers: text: Devensian

question: What happened with the Devensian glaciation ended?
answers: text: the English Channel flooded

question: When did sea levels reach their current highth?
answers: text: 4,000 to 5,000 years ago

question: What covered the sea between Ireland and Great Britian during the last glacier?
answers: text: a single ice sheet

question: When did sea levels rise to prehistoric levels?

question: It is undisputed that there was a land bridge between Great Britain and what country?

question: Multiple sheets and layers of what covered the entire sea?

question: During which Period have the land bridges been shaped by glaciations? 

question: During this period, it is certain a land bridge existed between England and which country?
context: The islands have been shaped by numerous glaciations during the Quaternary Period, the most recent being the Devensian.[citation needed] As this ended, the central Irish Sea was deglaciated and the English Channel flooded, with sea levels rising to current levels some 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, leaving the British Isles in their current form. Whether or not there was a land bridge between Great Britain and Ireland at this time is somewhat disputed, though there was certainly a single ice sheet covering the entire sea.

qas: question: What is the lowest elevation in the British Isles?
answers: text: Holme, Cambridgeshire at −2.75 m

question: Where is the highest point in the British Isles?
answers: text: Ben Nevis

question: Where are other mountain areas in the British Isles?
answers: text: Wales and parts of Ireland

question: What is the longest river in Ireland?
answers: text: the Shannon

question: What is the weather like in the summer time in the British Isles?
answers: text: mild and also wet

question: The highest point of the islands is Holme, at how many feet?

question: At, 1700 feet, Holme, Cambridgeshire is the lowest point in what?

question: At 9,000 feet tall, what is the highest point on the islands? 

question: Covering 250 square miles, Lough Neagh is located in which country?

question: At 33.5 square miles, what is the largest freshwater body in Great Britain?
context: The islands are at relatively low altitudes, with central Ireland and southern Great Britain particularly low lying: the lowest point in the islands is Holme, Cambridgeshire at −2.75 m (−9.02 ft). The Scottish Highlands in the northern part of Great Britain are mountainous, with Ben Nevis being the highest point on the islands at 1,343 m (4,406 ft). Other mountainous areas include Wales and parts of Ireland, however only seven peaks in these areas reach above 1,000 m (3,281 ft). Lakes on the islands are generally not large, although Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is an exception, covering 150 square miles (390 km2).[citation needed] The largest freshwater body in Great Britain (by area) is Loch Lomond at 27.5 square miles (71 km2), and Loch Ness, by volume whilst Loch Morar is the deepest freshwater body in the British Isles, with a maximum depth of 310 m (1,017 ft). There are a number of major rivers within the British Isles. The longest is the Shannon in Ireland at 224 mi (360 km).[citation needed] The river Severn at 220 mi (354 km)[citation needed] is the longest in Great Britain. The isles have a temperate marine climate. The North Atlantic Drift ("Gulf Stream") which flows from the Gulf of Mexico brings with it significant moisture and raises temperatures 11 °C (20 °F) above the global average for the islands' latitudes. Winters are cool and wet, with summers mild and also wet. Most Atlantic depressions pass to the north of the islands, combined with the general westerly circulation and interactions with the landmass, this imposes an east-west variation in climate.

qas: question: Which continent has similar plant and animal life as the British Isles?
answers: text: European continent

question: In Ireland where does the native animal and plant species mostly come from?
answers: text: Europe, and Great Britain

question: When did the land bridge between Ireland and Britain disappear?
answers: text: about 8,000 years ago

question: When did the last Ice Age end in the British Isles?
answers: text: about 12,000 years ago

question: The islands have no soil and what kind of climate?

question: What type of life is similar to life in southern Asia?

question: The land bridge connecting two European continents was flooded by see about how many years ago?

question: The beginning of the last Ice Age occurred when?

question: Plant and animal life varies greatly from that of life in which continent?
context: The islands enjoy a mild climate and varied soils, giving rise to a diverse pattern of vegetation. Animal and plant life is similar to that of the northwestern European continent. There are however, fewer numbers of species, with Ireland having even less. All native flora and fauna in Ireland is made up of species that migrated from elsewhere in Europe, and Great Britain in particular. The only window when this could have occurred was between the end of the last Ice Age (about 12,000 years ago) and when the land bridge connecting the two islands was flooded by sea (about 8,000 years ago).

qas: question: When did the clearing of swamp land and forests begin in the British Isles?
answers: text: around 6000 BC

question: When did the clearing of the swamp land and forest begain to rapidly increase?
answers: text: medieval times

question: Why was Britain able to keep its ancient forests longer than Europe?
answers: text: due to a small population

question: When did lumber shortages start to occur in Britain?
answers: text: 17th century

question: What are three of the most typical type of tress that can be found in Ireland?
answers: text: oak, ash, wych elm

question: Ice and snow covered prehistoric Britain and what other country?

question: Ice and snow covered prehistoric Ireland and what other country?

question: Due to a large population, which country's primeval forests lasted longer than most?

question: During which century did swamp shortages become a problem?

question: Who maintains most barren land in Ireland? 
context: As with most of Europe, prehistoric Britain and Ireland were covered with forest and swamp. Clearing began around 6000 BC and accelerated in medieval times. Despite this, Britain retained its primeval forests longer than most of Europe due to a small population and later development of trade and industry, and wood shortages were not a problem until the 17th century. By the 18th century, most of Britain's forests were consumed for shipbuilding or manufacturing charcoal and the nation was forced to import lumber from Scandinavia, North America, and the Baltic. Most forest land in Ireland is maintained by state forestation programmes. Almost all land outside urban areas is farmland. However, relatively large areas of forest remain in east and north Scotland and in southeast England. Oak, elm, ash and beech are amongst the most common trees in England. In Scotland, pine and birch are most common. Natural forests in Ireland are mainly oak, ash, wych elm, birch and pine. Beech and lime, though not native to Ireland, are also common there. Farmland hosts a variety of semi-natural vegetation of grasses and flowering plants. Woods, hedgerows, mountain slopes and marshes host heather, wild grasses, gorse and bracken.

qas: question: Which two animals became extinct in the British Isles?
answers: text: wolf, bear

question: Which species of deer is protected in the British Isles?
answers: text: red deer

question: How many bird species does the British Isles have?
answers: text: Over 200 species of bird

question: What are three of the most common birds in the British Isles?
answers: text: chaffinch, common blackbird, house sparrow

question: What kinds of fish are abundent in the British Isles?
answers: text: salmon, trout, perch and pike

question: Small animals like wolves or bears are what today?

question: What status does the brown deer have?

question: The Asian beaver was reintroduced into parts of which country?

question: The northern part of this country has been reintroduced to the wild boar?

question: Where are seals and otters uncommon?
context: Many larger animals, such as wolf, bear and the European elk are today extinct. However, some species such as red deer are protected. Other small mammals, such as rabbits, foxes, badgers, hares, hedgehogs, and stoats, are very common and the European beaver has been reintroduced in parts of Scotland. Wild boar have also been reintroduced to parts of southern England, following escapes from boar farms and illegal releases. Many rivers contain otters and seals are common on coasts. Over 200 species of bird reside permanently and another 200 migrate. Common types are the common chaffinch, common blackbird, house sparrow and common starling; all small birds. Large birds are declining in number, except for those kept for game such as pheasant, partridge, and red grouse. Fish are abundant in the rivers and lakes, in particular salmon, trout, perch and pike. Sea fish include dogfish, cod, sole, pollock and bass, as well as mussels, crab and oysters along the coast. There are more than 21,000 species of insects.

qas: question: Which snakes are considered native to the British Isles but not Ireland?
answers: text: European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake

question: What is the name of the slug that is native to both Britain and Ireland?
answers: text: Kerry slug

question: Is the grass nake or the smooth snake native to Ireland?
answers: text: none are native to Ireland

question: What type of wild life are not native to Ireland but are in Britain?
answers: text: water voles, roe deer and common toads

question: Which four snakes are native to Ireland?

question: In Great Britain and what other country are there a large number of reptile species?

question: Certain species of wood lice are native to Great Britain but not where?

question: In Great Britain and what other country are there a large number of amphibian species?

question: In Ireland and what other country are there a large number of reptile species?
context: Few species of reptiles or amphibians are found in Great Britain or Ireland. Only three snakes are native to Great Britain: the common European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake; none are native to Ireland. In general, Great Britain has slightly more variation and native wild life, with weasels, polecats, wildcats, most shrews, moles, water voles, roe deer and common toads also being absent from Ireland. This pattern is also true for birds and insects. Notable exceptions include the Kerry slug and certain species of wood lice native to Ireland but not Great Britain.

qas: question: Which area in the British Isles is s the most populated?
answers: text: England

question: What percentage of the population does England have compared to the other areas in the British Isles?
answers: text: 80%

question: How many people live in the area of London?
answers: text: 9 million

question: What are two other major populated cities in England?
answers: text: Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million)

question: What is the most populated city in Ireland?
answers: text: Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million)

question: England accounts for almost 25% of the total population of where?

question: Which is the smallest urban area with only 9 million people?

question: Which area is the largest urban area, with a population of 27,000 civilians?

question: There is a low population density in England, which accounts for what percent of the total population?
context: The demographics of the British Isles today are characterised by a generally high density of population in England, which accounts for almost 80% of the total population of the islands. In elsewhere on Great Britain and on Ireland, high density of population is limited to areas around, or close to, a few large cities. The largest urban area by far is the Greater London Urban Area with 9 million inhabitants. Other major populations centres include Greater Manchester Urban Area (2.4 million), West Midlands conurbation (2.4 million), West Yorkshire Urban Area (1.6 million) in England, Greater Glasgow (1.2 million) in Scotland and Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million) in Ireland.[citation needed]

qas: question: Which two areas in the British Isles hasn't experienced a large population growth in the last one hundred years?
answers: text: Scotland and Wales

question: How does Ireland's population compare to the rest of the British Isles?
answers: text: less than one tenth of the population of the British Isles

question: How long did the Great Irish Famine cause a population decline in Ireland?
answers: text: century-long population decline

question: How large is the Irish diaspora that was caused by the Great Irish Famine?
answers: text: fifteen times the current population of the island

question: The population in England declined fast during which centuries?

question: During the 17th and 18th centuries, what happened to the population in England?

question: The population in Scotland and what other country have increased rapidly?

question: The population of Scotland has experienced a significant change in every year since when?

question: The Great British Famine caused the population of Ireland to fall below one tenth of the population of?
context: The population of England rose rapidly during the 19th and 20th centuries whereas the populations of Scotland and Wales have shown little increase during the 20th century, with the population of Scotland remaining unchanged since 1951. Ireland for most of its history comprised a population proportionate to its land area (about one third of the total population). However, since the Great Irish Famine, the population of Ireland has fallen to less than one tenth of the population of the British Isles. The famine, which caused a century-long population decline, drastically reduced the Irish population and permanently altered the demographic make-up of the British Isles. On a global scale, this disaster led to the creation of an Irish diaspora that numbers fifteen times the current population of the island.

qas: question: How many groups do these languages belong to?
answers: text: six groups

question: What are the three Insular Celtic languages?
answers: text: Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic

question: What are the remaining Cetic languages that are still used today?
answers: text: Cornish, Welsh and Breton

question: Which cant is often used by Irish Travellers?
answers: text: Shelta

question: In 1980, what happened to the Norn language of Orkney and Shetland?

question: Where are the Norman languages, similar to German, spoken?

question: Which language of Gaelic and Shetland became extinct in 1880?

question: The Insular Travellers languages of the Goidelic subgroup, along with what other sub group are the only Celtic languages remaining?
context: The linguistic heritage of the British Isles is rich, with twelve languages from six groups across four branches of the Indo-European family. The Insular Celtic languages of the Goidelic sub-group (Irish, Manx and Scottish Gaelic) and the Brittonic sub-group (Cornish, Welsh and Breton, spoken in north-western France) are the only remaining Celtic languages—the last of their continental relations becoming extinct before the 7th century. The Norman languages of Guernésiais, Jèrriais and Sarkese spoken in the Channel Islands are similar to French. A cant, called Shelta, is spoken by Irish Travellers, often as a means to conceal meaning from those outside the group. However, English, sometimes in the form of Scots, is the dominant language, with few monoglots remaining in the other languages of the region. The Norn language of Orkney and Shetland became extinct around 1880.

qas: question: What mainland was the British Isles once connected to?
answers: text: European mainland

question: What happened to British Isles area when the ice melted after the last ice age?
answers: text: sea levels rose

question: When sea levels rose what occured in the British Isles area?
answers: text: separating Ireland from Great Britain

question: When did the British Isles area become separated from the European continent?
answers: text: two to four millennia

question: Did Britain become populated with people again before or after the ice came to an end?
answers: text: before the ice age ended

question: During the start of the first ice age, the British Isles were connected to which continent as a mass of land?

question: When sea levels rose, Scotlan was separated from what other country to create the Isle of Man?

question: Nearly 6 millennia later, what did Great Britain separate from?

question: After it was already a continent, Ireland probably became settled by what?

question: Which countries were covered almost entirely by coastlines?
context: At the end of the last ice age, what are now the British Isles were joined to the European mainland as a mass of land extending north west from the modern-day northern coastline of France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Ice covered almost all of what is now Scotland, most of Ireland and Wales, and the hills of northern England. From 14,000 to 10,000 years ago, as the ice melted, sea levels rose separating Ireland from Great Britain and also creating the Isle of Man. About two to four millennia later, Great Britain became separated from the mainland. Britain probably became repopulated with people before the ice age ended and certainly before it became separated from the mainland. It is likely that Ireland became settled by sea after it had already become an island.

qas: question: The people that lived in the British Isles during the Roman Empire era spoke which language?
answers: text: Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group

question: What was the name of the wall that the Romans built to mark their northern territory in the British Isles in 122AD?
answers: text: Hadrian's Wall

question: During the Roman Empire occupation in the British Isles, what was the name of the people that lived in Ireland?
answers: text: Hiberni

question: The northern area of Great Britain was populated by what native people during the Roman Empire occupation?
answers: text: Picts

question: What was the name of the native people that lived in the southern parts of the British Isles during the Roman Empire occupation?
answers: text: Britons

question: During the Briton Empire, tribes spoke which dialect?

question: What year did the British build Hadrian's Wall?

question: In what year was Hadrian's wall constructed to mark the southern frontier of the Roman Empire?

question: Which empire expanded to control southern Spain?

question: The northern third of Ireland was inhabited by Picts, while the southern two thirds by who?
context: At the time of the Roman Empire, about two thousand years ago, various tribes, which spoke Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group, were inhabiting the islands. The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the northern frontier of their empire in 122 AD. At that time, Ireland was populated by a people known as Hiberni, the northern third or so of Great Britain by a people known as Picts and the southern two thirds by Britons.

qas: question: Which people arrived in the British Isles when the Roman Empire's power was diminishing?
answers: text: Anglo-Saxons

question: What area did the Anglo-Saxons begin to dominate in the British Isles?
answers: text: southern Great Britain

question: What happened to the British Isles and Europe after the Roman Empire ended?
answers: text: the Dark Ages

question: What era did Ireland enter when the Roman Empire ended?
answers: text: golden age

question: What did the Irish build during the Golden Age?
answers: text: monasteries and universities

question: Who arrived during the 7th century as Roman power expanded?

question: What suggests Picts made up most of the population?

question: What area did Cornwall dominate in the British Isles?

question: While Europe entered the golden age, Ireland was entering what ages?

question: What were the British founding during the golden age?
context: Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century AD. Initially, their arrival seems to have been at the invitation of the Britons as mercenaries to repulse incursions by the Hiberni and Picts. In time, Anglo-Saxon demands on the British became so great that they came to culturally dominate the bulk of southern Great Britain, though recent genetic evidence suggests Britons still formed the bulk of the population. This dominance creating what is now England and leaving culturally British enclaves only in the north of what is now England, in Cornwall and what is now known as Wales. Ireland had been unaffected by the Romans except, significantly, having been Christianised, traditionally by the Romano-Briton, Saint Patrick. As Europe, including Britain, descended into turmoil following the collapse of Roman civilisation, an era known as the Dark Ages, Ireland entered a golden age and responded with missions (first to Great Britain and then to the continent), the founding of monasteries and universities. These were later joined by Anglo-Saxon missions of a similar nature.

qas: question: When did Viking invasions begin in the British Isles?
answers: text: 9th century

question: What is one area where the Vikings created a permanent settlement in the British Isles?
answers: text: east coast of Ireland

question: England became a possession of which country when it became conquered after the first millennium?
answers: text: Denmark

question: When did the Norman Conquest occur?
answers: text: 1066

question: In 1169, Ireland was invaded by which people?
answers: text: Angevins

question: During the 10th century, who was invading?

question: Around the turn of the first millennium AD, which country was quickly conquered? 

question: The Norman conquest of Spain took place during which year?

question: The Angevin Empire was created by the marriage between Henry VI and who?

question: In what year did the Angevins invade Adrian?
context: Viking invasions began in the 9th century, followed by more permanent settlements, particularly along the east coast of Ireland, the west coast of modern-day Scotland and the Isle of Man. Though the Vikings were eventually neutralised in Ireland, their influence remained in the cities of Dublin, Cork, Limerick, Waterford and Wexford. England however was slowly conquered around the turn of the first millennium AD, and eventually became a feudal possession of Denmark. The relations between the descendants of Vikings in England and counterparts in Normandy, in northern France, lay at the heart of a series of events that led to the Norman conquest of England in 1066. The remnants of the Duchy of Normandy, which conquered England, remain associated to the English Crown as the Channel Islands to this day. A century later the marriage of the future Henry II of England to Eleanor of Aquitaine created the Angevin Empire, partially under the French Crown. At the invitation of a provincial king and under the authority of Pope Adrian IV (the only Englishman to be elected pope), the Angevins invaded Ireland in 1169. Though initially intended to be kept as an independent kingdom, the failure of the Irish High King to ensure the terms of the Treaty of Windsor led Henry II, as King of England, to rule as effective monarch under the title of Lord of Ireland. This title was granted to his younger son but when Henry's heir unexpectedly died the title of King of England and Lord of Ireland became entwined in one person.

qas: question: During the end of the Middle Ages which two kingdoms was Great Britain divided into?
answers: text: Kingdoms of England and Scotland

question: Which king failed to receive a divorce from the Pope in 1534?
answers: text: King Henry VIII

question: What was the name of the church that King Henry VIII founded?
answers: text: Church of England

question: Since the Norman invasion who had feudal possession of Ireland?
answers: text: the Pope

question: During the early Golden Age, what was Great Britain separated into?

question: During the late Middle Ages, Ireland was separated into England and what other country?

question: During the late Middle Ages, Ireland was separated into Scotland and what other country?

question: During the late Middle Ages, the Roman Church was separated into England and what other country?

question: During the late Middle Ages, the Crown of France was separated into England and what other country?
context: By the Late Middle Ages, Great Britain was separated into the Kingdoms of England and Scotland. Power in Ireland fluxed between Gaelic kingdoms, Hiberno-Norman lords and the English-dominated Lordship of Ireland. A similar situation existed in the Principality of Wales, which was slowly being annexed into the Kingdom of England by a series of laws. During the course of the 15th century, the Crown of England would assert a claim to the Crown of France, thereby also releasing the King of England as from being vassal of the King of France. In 1534, King Henry VIII, at first having been a strong defender of Roman Catholicism in the face of the Reformation, separated from the Roman Church after failing to secure a divorce from the Pope. His response was to place the King of England as "the only Supreme Head in Earth of the Church of England", thereby removing the authority of the Pope from the affairs of the English Church. Ireland, which had been held by the King of England as Lord of Ireland, but which strictly speaking had been a feudal possession of the Pope since the Norman invasion was declared a separate kingdom in personal union with England.

qas: question: Which crown did the King of Scotland inherit in 1603?
answers: text: Crown of England

question: What happened to Britain during the 17th century?
answers: text: political upheaval, religious division and war

question: Why did the King of England have issues with parliment in the 17th century?
answers: text: his policy of tolerance towards Catholicism

question: The English Civil War brought about what change to Britain?
answers: text: revolutionary republic in England

question: Who where the ruling class after the revolutionary republic was created?
answers: text: Protestant and British

question: In what year did the Queen of Scotland inherit the Crown of England?

question: The 17th century was full of peace, political upheaval, religious division and what else?

question: What is another name for the French Civil War?

question: The War of the Four Kingdoms is also known as what?

question: The English Civil War led to a religious upheaval where? 
context: Scotland, meanwhile had remained an independent Kingdom. In 1603, that changed when the King of Scotland inherited the Crown of England, and consequently the Crown of Ireland also. The subsequent 17th century was one of political upheaval, religious division and war. English colonialism in Ireland of the 16th century was extended by large-scale Scottish and English colonies in Ulster. Religious division heightened and the King in England came into conflict with parliament. A prime issue was, inter alia, over his policy of tolerance towards Catholicism. The resulting English Civil War or War of the Three Kingdoms led to a revolutionary republic in England. Ireland, largely Catholic was mainly loyal to the king. Following defeat to the parliaments army, large scale land distributions from loyalist Irish nobility to English commoners in the service of the parliamentary army created the beginnings a new Ascendancy class which over the next hundred years would obliterate the English (Hiberno-Norman) and Gaelic Irish nobility in Ireland. The new ruling class was Protestant and British, whilst the common people were largely Catholic and Irish. This theme would influence Irish politics for centuries to come. When the monarchy was restored in England, the king found it politically impossible to restore all the lands of former land-owners in Ireland. The "Glorious Revolution" of 1688 repeated similar themes: a Catholic king pushing for religious tolerance in opposition to a Protestant parliament in England. The king's army was defeated at the Battle of the Boyne and at the militarily crucial Battle of Aughrim in Ireland. Resistance held out, and a guarantee of religious tolerance was a cornerstone of the Treaty of Limerick. However, in the evolving political climate, the terms of Limerick were superseded, a new monarchy was installed, and the new Irish parliament was packed with the new elite which legislated increasing intolerant Penal Laws, which discommoded both Dissenters and Catholics.

qas: question: In what year was the Kingdom of Great Britain founded?
answers: text: 1707

question: When did the Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland unite?
answers: text: 1801

question: How large did the British Empire become by the beginning of the 20th century?
answers: text: one third of the globe

question: What negative factor occurred as a result of the Industrial Revolution in England?
answers: text: terrible condition for the working class

question: What was the result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1919-1922?
answers: text: Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom

question: Which kingdoms were unified in 2012 to create Great Britain?

question: In what year were the kingdoms of England and Ireland unified to create Great Britain?

question: In what year were Ireland and England unified to create the United Kingdom?

question: Which kingdoms were unified in 1707 to create the United KIngdom?

question: After which war did most of Ireland join the United Kingdom?
context: The Kingdoms of England and Scotland were unified in 1707 creating the Kingdom of Great Britain. Following an attempted republican revolution in Ireland in 1798, the Kingdoms of Ireland and Great Britain were unified in 1801, creating the United Kingdom. The Isle of Man and the Channel Islands remaining outside of the United Kingdom but with their ultimate good governance being the responsibility of the British Crown (effectively the British government). Although, the colonies of North American that would become the United States of America were lost by the start of the 19th century, the British Empire expanded rapidly elsewhere. A century later it would cover one third of the globe. Poverty in the United Kingdom remained desperate however and industrialisation in England led to terrible condition for the working class. Mass migrations following the Irish Famine and Highland Clearances resulted in the distribution of the islands' population and culture throughout the world and a rapid de-population of Ireland in the second-half of the 19th century. Most of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom after the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty (1919–1922), with the six counties that formed Northern Ireland remaining as an autonomous region of the UK.

qas: question: What are the names of the two states that are sovereign in the British Isles today?
answers: text: Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

question: What is another name that Ireland is also called?
answers: text: Republic of Ireland

question: Northern Ireland is part of which country?
answers: text: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

question: What is another name for the  United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland?
answers: text: United Kingdom

question: Which three states in the United Kingdom have devolved governements?
answers: text: Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

question: The Republic of Channel Islands refers to which country?

question: Ireland is made up of how many constituent parts?

question: The four constituent parts of the United Kingdom are: England, Wales, Spain and what other country?

question: The Isle of Man and what else are known as the United Kingdom?

question: For legislative purposes, Scotland, Southern Ireland, England and Wales form what?
context: There are two sovereign states in the isles: Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Ireland, sometimes called the Republic of Ireland, governs five sixths of the island of Ireland, with the remainder of the island forming Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland is a part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, usually shortened to simply the United Kingdom, which governs the remainder of the archipelago with the exception of the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The Isle of Man and the two states of the Channel Islands, Jersey and Guernsey, are known as the Crown Dependencies. They exercise constitutional rights of self-government and judicial independence; responsibility for international representation rests largely upon the UK (in consultation with the respective governments); and responsibility for defence is reserved by the UK. The United Kingdom is made up of four constituent parts: England, Scotland and Wales, forming Great Britain, and Northern Ireland in the north-east of the island of Ireland. Of these, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have "devolved" governments meaning that they have their own parliaments/assemblies and are self-governing with respect to certain areas set down by law. For judicial purposes, Scotland, Northern Ireland and England and Wales (the latter being one entity) form separate legal jurisdiction, with there being no single law for the UK as a whole.

qas: question: Which state send members to the parliament in Edinburgh?
answers: text: Scotland

question: What type of government does the United Kingdom and the Crown Dependencies have?
answers: text: parliamentary democracies

question: Who shares power in Northern Ireland?
answers: text: unionists and nationalists

question: Unionists in Northern Ireland want to remain part of which country?
answers: text: United Kingdom

question: Nationalist in Northern Ireland want to join which country?
answers: text: the rest of Ireland

question: Ireland, the UK and the 3 Crown Dependencies are socialistic democracies with what? 

question: Ireland, the UK and Great Britain are parliamentary democracies with what?

question: What type of system does Southern Ireland use to make decisions?

question: The Irish monarch is the head of state for all parts of the isles except?

question: The President of the United Kingdom is the head of state for which Republic?
context: Ireland, the United Kingdom and the three Crown Dependencies are all parliamentary democracies, with their own separate parliaments. All parts of the United Kingdom return members to parliament in London. In addition to this, voters in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland return members to a parliament in Edinburgh and to assemblies in Cardiff and Belfast respectively. Governance in the norm is by majority rule, however, Northern Ireland uses a system of power sharing whereby unionists and nationalists share executive posts proportionately and where the assent of both groups are required for the Northern Ireland Assembly to make certain decisions. (In the context of Northern Ireland, unionists are those who want Northern Ireland to remain a part of the United Kingdom and nationalists are those who want Northern Ireland join with the rest of Ireland.) The British monarch is the head of state for all parts of the isles except for the Republic of Ireland, where the head of state is the President of Ireland.

qas: question: The United Kingdom is part of what union?
answers: text: European Union (EU)

question: What does the Schengen area allow in the European Union?
answers: text: passport-free travel between EU members states

question: When was a free-travel area created betwen Northern Ireland and Ireland?
answers: text: 1997

question: This free-travel area in Ireland is now called what?
answers: text: Common Travel Area

question: Ireland and the Crown Dependencies are part of what union?

question: What type of travel does the Amsterdam Treaty area allow?

question: Both the United Kingdom and Ireland are part of what area?

question: A formal free-travel area has existed across the region since when?

question: Since 1997 the area has required informal recognition and has become known as what?
context: Ireland and the United Kingdom are both part of the European Union (EU). The Crown Dependencies are not a part of the EU however do participate in certain aspects that were negotiated as a part of the UK's accession to the EU. Neither the United Kingdom or Ireland are part of the Schengen area, that allow passport-free travel between EU members states. However, since the partition of Ireland, an informal free-travel area had existed across the region. In 1997, this area required formal recognition during the course of negotiations for the Amsterdam Treaty of the European Union and is now known as the Common Travel Area.

qas: question: What are the two exceptions to the voting rights in United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelandand Britain?
answers: text: presidential elections and constitutional referendums

question: In what elections are other Europeans who are living in the United Kingdom or Ireland, allowed to vote in?
answers: text: local and European Parliament elections

question: Which ministry wants to end this type of voting of EU nationals?
answers: text: UK Ministry of Justice

question: What type of arrangement let British and Irish citizens vote in each other's elections?
answers: text: Reciprocal arrangements

question: What type of arrangements restrict British and Irish voting rights?

question: In what year did a UK Ministry of Justice report propose to begin the arrangement?

question: British and Irish voters are allowed full voting rights, including presidential elections, due to what?

question: Exceptions include presidential elections and European Parliament elections where?

question: Which entity supports that the right to vote is a hallmark of economic status?
context: Reciprocal arrangements allow British and Irish citizens to full voting rights in the two states. Exceptions to this are presidential elections and constitutional referendums in the Republic of Ireland, for which there is no comparable franchise in the other states. In the United Kingdom, these pre-date European Union law, and in both jurisdictions go further than that required by European Union law. Other EU nationals may only vote in local and European Parliament elections while resident in either the UK or Ireland. In 2008, a UK Ministry of Justice report investigating how to strengthen the British sense of citizenship proposed to end this arrangement arguing that, "the right to vote is one of the hallmarks of the political status of citizens; it is not a means of expressing closeness between countries."

qas: question: What has caused several uncommon arrangements between the various states in the United Kingdom?
answers: text: The Northern Ireland Peace Process

question: What type of citizenship can Northern Ireland people have?
answers: text: choice of Irish or British citizenship or both

question: The 1998 Good Friday Agreement resulted in what arrangement?
answers: text: policies common across the island of Ireland

question: The Northern Ireland Executive meets with what other government to develop policies for the island of Ireland?
answers: text: Government of Ireland

question: The Northern Atlantic Peace Process involves arrangements between which kingdoms?

question: What was made following the Black Friday Agreement of what year?

question: What type of arrangements has the Northern Ireland Executive led to between the Republic of Ireland, Northern ireland and the UK?

question: What type of citizenship are people from Britain entitled to?

question: The Northern Ireland Executive and what other entity meet as the East/West Ministerial Council?
context: The Northern Ireland Peace Process has led to a number of unusual arrangements between the Republic of Ireland, Northern Ireland and the United Kingdom. For example, citizens of Northern Ireland are entitled to the choice of Irish or British citizenship or both and the Governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom consult on matters not devolved to the Northern Ireland Executive. The Northern Ireland Executive and the Government of Ireland also meet as the North/South Ministerial Council to develop policies common across the island of Ireland. These arrangements were made following the 1998 Good Friday Agreement.

qas: question: What was one of organizations that was founded because of the Good Friday Agreement?
answers: text: British–Irish Council

question: Which states belong to the British-Irish Council?
answers: text: all of the states and territories of the British Isles

question: How many Oireachtas members where there in the original British-Irish Parliamentary Assembly?
answers: text: 25

question: How many members of the United Kingdom Parliament were in the British-Irish Parliamentary Assembly originally?
answers: text: 25

question: The British-Irish Council has added representatives from which parliament?
answers: text: Scottish Parliament

question: Which body, also established under the Tionol Agreement, is made up of the states and territories of the British Isles?

question: What body was established by the Good Friday Agreement and is made up of the states of Wales and Scotland?

question: In what year was the British-Scottish Parliamentary Assembly formed?

question: Establishing a mutual understanding between Britain and Ireland is the purpose of what body? 

question: Representatives from where have been removed from the role and scope of the body?
context: Another body established under the Good Friday Agreement, the British–Irish Council, is made up of all of the states and territories of the British Isles. The British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly (Irish: Tionól Pharlaiminteach na Breataine agus na hÉireann) predates the British–Irish Council and was established in 1990. Originally it comprised 25 members of the Oireachtas, the Irish parliament, and 25 members of the parliament of the United Kingdom, with the purpose of building mutual understanding between members of both legislatures. Since then the role and scope of the body has been expanded to include representatives from the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly for Wales, the Northern Ireland Assembly, the States of Jersey, the States of Guernsey and the High Court of Tynwald (Isle of Man).

qas: question: How often does the British-Irish Council meet?
answers: text: biannually

question: What does the British-Irish Council discuss?
answers: text: issues of mutual importance

question: Does the Parliamentary Assembly had any kinds of legislative authority?
answers: text: no

question: What does the British-Irish Council do?
answers: text: investigates and collects witness evidence

question: Who recommended that the British-Irish Inter-Parliamentary Assembly should look very closely at the work that the British-Irish Council does?
answers: text: Niall Blaney

question: The council has executive powers and meets how often?

question: How often does the Council meet to discuss civil service issues?

question: The Parliamentary Assembly also has legislative powers and collects what?

question: Reports on the Parliamentary Assembly's findings are presented to the governments of Spain, Ireland and what other country?

question: During the March meeting of what year, was it agreed to set up a permanent civil service for the council?
context: The Council does not have executive powers but meets biannually to discuss issues of mutual importance. Similarly, the Parliamentary Assembly has no legislative powers but investigates and collects witness evidence from the public on matters of mutual concern to its members. Reports on its findings are presented to the Governments of Ireland and the United Kingdom. During the February 2008 meeting of the British–Irish Council, it was agreed to set up a standing secretariat that would serve as a permanent 'civil service' for the Council. Leading on from developments in the British–Irish Council, the chair of the British–Irish Inter-Parliamentary Assembly, Niall Blaney, has suggested that the body should shadow the British–Irish Council's work.

qas: question: What types of media give the people of Ireland information about what is going on in Britain?
answers: text: British television, newspapers and magazines

question: What is available to the people in Northern Ireland so they have access to the media?
answers: text: private television

question: What is one of the most popoular television shows in the United Kingdom?
answers: text: The X Factor

question: Who can receive the Costa Book Award?
answers: text: authors resident in the UK or Ireland

question: The United Kingdom and which country have combined media?

question: Ireland and which country have combined media outlets?

question: The X Factor seasons 1, 2 and 3 held auditions where?

question: Authors from the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Kingdom may be presented with which award?

question: The Mercury Music Prize is given out weekly for?
context: The United Kingdom and Ireland have separate media, although British television, newspapers and magazines are widely available in Ireland, giving people in Ireland a high level of familiarity with cultural matters in the United Kingdom. Irish newspapers are also available in the UK, and Irish state and private television is widely available in Northern Ireland.[citation needed] Certain reality TV shows have embraced the whole of the islands, for example The X Factor, seasons 3, 4 and 7 of which featured auditions in Dublin and were open to Irish voters, whilst the show previously known as Britain's Next Top Model became Britain and Ireland's Next Top Model in 2011. A few cultural events are organised for the island group as a whole. For example, the Costa Book Awards are awarded to authors resident in the UK or Ireland. The Man Booker Prize is awarded to authors from the Commonwealth of Nations and Ireland. The Mercury Music Prize is handed out every year to the best album from a British or Irish musician or group.

qas: question: What are some of the minor sports in the United Kingdom?
answers: text: croquet, bowls, pitch and putt

question: What is the most popular sport in the United Kingdom?
answers: text: association football

question: How many national Ruby teams are there in the United Kingdom?
answers: text: four

question: In which hemisphere do the rugby playing countries meet once every four years?
answers: text: southern hemisphere

question: How often do the national rugby teams play for the Triple Crown?
answers: text: each year

question: Beginning in 2011, teams of which countries compete in the RaboDirect Pro12?

question: Since what year have teams from Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Italy been competing in the Rugby Pro12 league?

question: As part of the Seven Nations Championship, which rugby teams play for the Triple Crown each year?

question: Rugby union is widely disliked where?
context: Many globally popular sports had modern rules codified in the British Isles, including golf, association football, cricket, rugby, snooker and darts, as well as many minor sports such as croquet, bowls, pitch and putt, water polo and handball. A number of sports are popular throughout the British Isles, the most prominent of which is association football. While this is organised separately in different national associations, leagues and national teams, even within the UK, it is a common passion in all parts of the islands. Rugby union is also widely enjoyed across the islands with four national teams from England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The British and Irish Lions is a team chosen from each national team and undertakes tours of the southern hemisphere rugby playing nations every four years. Ireland play as a united team, represented by players from both Northern Ireland and the Republic. These national rugby teams play each other each year for the Triple Crown as part of the Six Nations Championship. Also since 2001 the professional club teams of Ireland, Scotland, Wales and Italy compete against each other in the RaboDirect Pro12.

qas: question: The Irish Sea tunnel was first purposed in what year?
answers: text: 1895

question: What is the name of the recent proposal of a tunnel between Rosslare and Fishguard ports?
answers: text: Tusker Tunnel

question: Who proposed the Tusker Tunnel?
answers: text: The Institute of Engineers of Ireland

question: What is the estimated cost to build the Tusker Tunnel?
answers: text: £15 billion or €20 billion

question: In what year was a bridge proposed between County Antrim in Northern Ireland to Galloway, Scotland?
answers: text: 2007

question: Since which year has the idea of a tunnel through the Antrim Sea been raised?

question: Which British Sea tunnel has most recently been proposed?

question: The Tusker Tunnel is located between the islands of Rosslare and?

question: In what year was a rail tunnel rejected on a different route?

question: Either of the tunnels, would be the shortest in the world and are estimated to cost how much?
context: The idea of building a tunnel under the Irish Sea has been raised since 1895, when it was first investigated. Several potential Irish Sea tunnel projects have been proposed, most recently the Tusker Tunnel between the ports of Rosslare and Fishguard proposed by The Institute of Engineers of Ireland in 2004. A rail tunnel was proposed in 1997 on a different route, between Dublin and Holyhead, by British engineering firm Symonds. Either tunnel, at 50 mi (80 km), would be by far the longest in the world, and would cost an estimated £15 billion or €20 billion. A proposal in 2007, estimated the cost of building a bridge from County Antrim in Northern Ireland to Galloway in Scotland at £3.5bn (€5bn).