Westminster_Abbey

qas: question: What is the formal name of Westminster Abbey?
answers: text: the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster

question: Where is Westminster Abbey located?
answers: text: City of Westminster, London

question: When was Westminster Abbey a cathedral?
answers: text: Between 1540 and 1556

question: What has been the status of Westminster Abbey since 1560?
answers: text: Church of England "Royal Peculiar"

question: What was Westminster Abbey's informal name?

question: What style architecture is the Westminster Abbey not considered?

question: In what country is Westminster Abbey located?

question: In what years wasn't the Abbey considered a cathedral?

question: What type of building is the Abbey not considered?
context: Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, is a large, mainly Gothic abbey church in the City of Westminster, London, located just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the most notable religious buildings in the United Kingdom and has been the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English and, later, British monarchs. Between 1540 and 1556 the abbey had the status of a cathedral. Since 1560, however, the building is no longer an abbey nor a cathedral, having instead the status of a Church of England "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign. The building itself is the original abbey church.

qas: question: What is the meaning of Thorn Ey?
answers: text: Thorn Island

question: When was a church first founded at the site?
answers: text: 7th century

question: Who was Mellitus?
answers: text: a Bishop of London

question: When was construction of the present church started?
answers: text: 1245

question: Who ordered the construction of the church?
answers: text: King Henry III

question: What year did the destruction of the church begin?

question: Who commissioned the Abbey to be destroyed?

question: What was the area never named?

question: In what century wasn't the church established at the location?

question: Who wasn't the Bishop in this time frame?
context: According to a tradition first reported by Sulcard in about 1080, a church was founded at the site (then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island)) in the 7th century, at the time of Mellitus, a Bishop of London. Construction of the present church began in 1245, on the orders of King Henry III.

qas: question: Who were the first monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey?
answers: text: Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror

question: Since when have coronations been held at Westminster Abbey?
answers: text: 1066

question: How many royal weddings have occurred at the abbey?
answers: text: 16

question: Which two reigning monarchs had weddings at the abbey?
answers: text: Henry I and Richard II

question: When did royal weddings begin at the church?
answers: text: 1100

question: Who were the last monarchs crowned at Westminster Abbey?

question: Since when haven't coronations been held at Westminster Abbey?

question: How many royal weddings haven't occurred at the abbey?

question: Which two reigning monarchs had funerals at the abbey?

question: When did royal weddings end at the church?
context: Since 1066, when Harold Godwinson and William the Conqueror were crowned, the coronations of English and British monarchs have been held there. There have been at least 16 royal weddings at the abbey since 1100. Two were of reigning monarchs (Henry I and Richard II), although, before 1919, there had been none for some 500 years.

qas: question: Who supposedly had a vison of Saint Peter on the River Thames?
answers: text: Aldrich

question: Who first gifted salmon to the abbey?
answers: text: Thames fishermen

question: Who still gives salmon to the abbey today?
answers: text: Fishmonger's Company

question: When was the monk community installed?
answers: text: 960s or early 970s

question: What was the name of the fisherman in lore that saw a vision of Saint Paul near the Abbey?

question: What type of fish did the Abbey give to Thames fisherman?

question: What kind of monks died at the Abbey?

question: Who, till this day still gives the Abbey a bun?

question: Who along with the Prince Edgar established the monks at the Abbey?
context: The first reports of the abbey are based on a late tradition claiming that a young fisherman called Aldrich on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the gifts of salmon from Thames fishermen that the abbey received in later years. In the present era, the Fishmonger's Company still gives a salmon every year. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, installed a community of Benedictine monks here.

qas: question: Who rebuilt the abbey for a burial church?
answers: text: King Edward the Confessor

question: What style was the church rebuilt in?
answers: text: Romanesque

question: When was the building consecrated?
answers: text: 28 December 1065

question: When did King Edward the Confessor die?
answers: text: 5 January 1066

question: Who was the first documented coronation?
answers: text: William the Conqueror

question: What architectural design wasn't St Peter's abbey considered?

question: What year was the building started?

question: What was the date of the Abbey's demolition? 

question: Who was the last recorded coronation at the Abbey?

question: What King restored the Abbey in the years 1042 and 1062?
context: Between 1042 and 1052 King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter's Abbey to provide himself with a royal burial church. It was the first church in England built in the Romanesque style. The building was not completed until around 1090 but was consecrated on 28 December 1065, only a week before Edward's death on 5 January 1066. A week later he was buried in the church, and nine years later his wife Edith was buried alongside him. His successor, Harold II, was probably crowned in the abbey, although the first documented coronation is that of William the Conqueror later the same year.

qas: question: Where is the only existant depiction of Edward's abbey?
answers: text: Bayeux Tapestry

question: What was the original size of Dunstan's original monk community?
answers: text: a dozen

question: How was the community able to increase?
answers: text: endowments

question: What is adjacent the abbey?
answers: text: Palace of Westminster

question: Where is the only nonexistant depiction of Edward's abbey?

question: What was the final size of Dunstan's original monk community?

question: How was the community unable to increase?

question: How was the community able to decrease?

question: What is far away from the abbey?
context: The only extant depiction of Edward's abbey, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry. Some of the lower parts of the monastic dormitory, an extension of the South Transept, survive in the Norman undercroft of the Great School, including a door said to come from the previous Saxon abbey. Increased endowments supported a community increased from a dozen monks in Dunstan's original foundation, up to a maximum about eighty monks, although there was also a large community of lay brothers who supported the monastery's extensive property and activities.

qas: question: Who became a powerful force after the Norman Conquest?
answers: text: The abbot and monks

question: The Palace of Westminster was the seat of what from the later 12th century?
answers: text: government

question: Who was employed on royal service?
answers: text: The abbot

question: With what kind of life were the Benedictines allowed to identify?
answers: text: secular

question: To what movement was the task of spiritual leadership passed?
answers: text: Cluniac

question: Who became a weak force after the Norman Conquest?

question: The Palace of Westminster was the seat of what from the later 11th century?

question: Who was unemployed on royal service?

question: With what kind of life were the Benedictines allowed to misidentify?

question: To what movement wasn't the task of spiritual leadership passed?
context: The abbot and monks, in proximity to the royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the later 12th century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest. The abbot often was employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. Released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-10th century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster, "the Benedictines achieved a remarkable degree of identification with the secular life of their times, and particularly with upper-class life", Barbara Harvey concludes, to the extent that her depiction of daily life provides a wider view of the concerns of the English gentry in the High and Late Middle Ages.[citation needed]

qas: question: What did the abbot remain as a town built around the abbey?
answers: text: Lord of the Manor of Westminster

question: What did the monastery help fuel?
answers: text: the town economy

question: What did the abbey build on the west side?
answers: text: shops and dwellings

question: What encroached upon the sanctuary?
answers: text: shops and dwellings

question: What did the abbot remain as a town built inside the abbey?

question: What did the monastery help kill?

question: What didn't the monastery help fuel?

question: What did the abbey build on the east side?

question: What never encroached upon the sanctuary?
context: The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not extend to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial, but no enfranchising charter was issued during the Middle Ages. The abbey built shops and dwellings on the west side, encroaching upon the sanctuary.[citation needed]

qas: question: What was the abbey to Norman kings?
answers: text: coronation site

question: What architect continued work on the abbey?
answers: text: Henry Yevele

question: Who was reigning when Henry Yevele finished his work on the abbey?
answers: text: Richard II

question: What kind of pavement was commissioned for in front of the High Altar?
answers: text: Cosmati

question: What played a large role in King Edward the Confessor's canonisation?
answers: text: The Confessor's shrine

question: What was the abbey to Norman queens?

question: What architect stopped work on the abbey?

question: Who was reigning when Henry Yevele started his work on the abbey?

question: What kind of pavement was commissioned for in front of the Low Altar?

question: What played a small role in King Edward the Confessor's canonisation?
context: The abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings. None were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to venerate King Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonisation. The work continued between 1245 and 1517 and was largely finished by the architect Henry Yevele in the reign of Richard II. Henry III also commissioned unique Cosmati pavement in front of the High Altar (the pavement has recently undergone a major cleaning and conservation programme and was re-dedicated by the Dean at a service on 21 May 2010).

qas: question: Who added a Perpendicular style chapel?
answers: text: Henry VII

question: Who was the Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to?
answers: text: Blessed Virgin Mary

question: What part of France did the Caen stone come from?
answers: text: Caen

question: Where did the Portland stone come from?
answers: text: Isle of Portland

question: When was the Lady Chapel added?
answers: text: 1503

question: Who took away a Perpendicular style chapel?

question: Who was the Perpendicular style chapel undedicated to?

question: What part of England did the Caen stone come from?

question: Where did the Portland wood come from?

question: When was the Lady Chapel subtracted?
context: Henry VII added a Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the "Lady Chapel"). Much of the stone came from Caen, in France (Caen stone), the Isle of Portland (Portland stone) and the Loire Valley region of France (tuffeau limestone).[citation needed]

qas: question: When was the abbey's annual income £2400–2800?
answers: text: 1535

question: What was the abbey's annual income as of 2016?
answers: text: £1,310,000 to £1,530,000

question: To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey second in wealth?
answers: text: Glastonbury Abbey

question: During what was the abbey made second in wealth?
answers: text: the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries

question: When was the abbey's annual income £2400–2700?

question: What was the abbey's annual income as of 2015?

question: To which other abbey was Westminster Abbey first in wealth?

question: During what was the abbey made third in wealth?

question: When was the abbey's annual debt £2400–2700?
context: In 1535, the abbey's annual income of £2400–2800[citation needed] (£1,310,000 to £1,530,000 as of 2016), during the assessment attendant on the Dissolution of the Monasteries rendered it second in wealth only to Glastonbury Abbey.

qas: question: When did Henry VIII take direct royal control?
answers: text: 1539

question: Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1540?
answers: text: Henry VIII

question: What did the cathedral status save the abbey from?
answers: text: destruction

question: What did changing the status of the abbey create?
answers: text: the Diocese of Westminster

question: When did Henry VII take direct royal control?

question: When did Henry VIII take indirect royal control?

question: Who gave the abbey status of a cathedral in 1504?

question: What did the cathedral status not save the abbey from?
context: Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the abbey the status of a cathedral by charter in 1540, simultaneously issuing letters patent establishing the Diocese of Westminster. By granting the abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period.

qas: question: When was Westminster Diocese dissolved?
answers: text: 1550

question: The abbey was recognised as what until 1556?
answers: text: a second cathedral of the Diocese of London

question: Who is the abbey dedicated to?
answers: text: Saint Peter

question: When was Westminster Diocese resolved?

question: When was Eastminster Diocese dissolved?

question: The abbey was recognised as what after 1556?

question: The abbey was recognised as what until 1565?

question: Who isn't the abbey dedicated to?
context: Westminster diocese was dissolved in 1550, but the abbey was recognised (in 1552, retroactively to 1550) as a second cathedral of the Diocese of London until 1556. The already-old expression "robbing Peter to pay Paul" may have been given a new lease of life when money meant for the abbey, which is dedicated to Saint Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral.

qas: question: The abbey was regiven to the Benedictines under whom?
answers: text: Mary I of England

question: Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1559?
answers: text: Elizabeth I

question: What was the new name of the abbey when Elizabeth I reestablished it?
answers: text: Collegiate Church of St Peter

question: Who was made the first dean of the new church?
answers: text: The last of Mary's abbots

question: The abbey was forgiven to the Benedictines under whom?

question: The abbey wasn't regiven to the Benedictines under whom?

question: Who accepted the Benedictines again in 1559?

question: Who ejected the Benedictines again in 1595?

question: What was the new name of the abbey when Elizabeth II reestablished it?
context: The abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Mary I of England, but they were again ejected under Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1560, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar" – a church of the Church of England responsible directly to the Sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop – and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter (that is, a non-cathedral church with an attached chapter of canons, headed by a dean.) The last of Mary's abbots was made the first dean.

qas: question: When did the abbey suffer damage?
answers: text: 1640s

question: Who attacked the abbey?
answers: text: Puritan iconoclasts

question: What protected the abbey?
answers: text: ties to the state during the Commonwealth

question: Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1658?
answers: text: Oliver Cromwell

question: When was Oliver Cromwell disinterred?
answers: text: January 1661

question: When didn't the abbey suffer damage?

question: Who defended the abbey?

question: What attacked the abbey?

question: Who had a fancy funeral at the abbey in 1685?

question: When was Oliver Cromwell murdered?
context: It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a gibbet at Tyburn.

qas: question: When were the western towers built?
answers: text: between 1722 and 1745

question: Who built the western towers of the abbey?
answers: text: Nicholas Hawksmoor

question: What kind of marble was used for the walls and floors of the abbey?
answers: text: Purbeck

question: Under whom did the 19th century rebulding occur?
answers: text: Sir George Gilbert Scott

question: What were the two western towers built from?
answers: text: Portland stone

question: When were the eastern towers built?

question: Who built the eastern towers of the abbey?

question: What kind of marble was used for the ceilings of the abbey?

question: Under whom did the 18th century rebulding occur?

question: What were the three western towers built from?
context: The abbey's two western towers were built between 1722 and 1745 by Nicholas Hawksmoor, constructed from Portland stone to an early example of a Gothic Revival design. Purbeck marble was used for the walls and the floors of Westminster Abbey, even though the various tombstones are made of different types of marble. Further rebuilding and restoration occurred in the 19th century under Sir George Gilbert Scott.

qas: question: What was designed for the west front of the abbey but not built?
answers: text: A narthex

question: When was the narthex designed?
answers: text: mid-20th century

question: The abbey was without towers following the renovation by whom?
answers: text: Yevele

question: What was redesigned for the west front of the abbey but not built?

question: What was designed for the east front of the abbey but not built?

question: When was the narthex redesigned?

question: The abbey was with towers following the renovation by whom?

question: The abbey was without towers following the destruction by whom?
context: A narthex (a portico or entrance hall) for the west front was designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens in the mid-20th century but was not built. Images of the abbey prior to the construction of the towers are scarce, though the abbey's official website states that the building was without towers following Yevele's renovation, with just the lower segments beneath the roof level of the Nave completed.

qas: question: Westminster Abbey was the third highest place of learning after which two places?
answers: text: Oxford and Cambridge

question: The first third of what was translated at the abbey?
answers: text: King James Bible Old Testament

question: The last half of what was also translated at the abbey?
answers: text: New Testament

question: The New English Bible was composed at the abbey during what time?
answers: text: 20th century

question: Westminster Abbey suffered damage during what on 15 November 1940?
answers: text: the Blitz

question: Westminster Abbey was the third lowest place of learning after which two places?

question: The first quarter of what was translated at the abbey?

question: The first half of what was also translated at the abbey?

question: The Old English Bible was composed at the abbey during what time?

question: Westminster Abbey suffered damage during what on 15 November 1904?
context: Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century. Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on 15 November 1940.

qas: question: Who painted the icons hung in the abbey in the 1990s?
answers: text: Sergei Fyodorov

question: What was held at the abbey on 6 September 1997?
answers: text: funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales

question: Who was the first pope to set foot in the abbey?
answers: text: Pope Benedict XVI

question: On what date did the first pope set foot in the abbey?
answers: text: 17 September 2010

question: What nationality was Sergei Fyodorov?
answers: text: Russian

question: Who painted the icons hung in the abbey in the 1980s?

question: What was held at the abbey on 6 September 1996?

question: Who was the last pope to set foot in the abbey?

question: On what date did the last pope set foot in the abbey?

question: What nationality was Sergei Fedorov?
context: In the 1990s two icons by the Russian icon painter Sergei Fyodorov were hung in the abbey. On 6 September 1997 the funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held at the Abbey. On 17 September 2010 Pope Benedict XVI became the first pope to set foot in the abbey.

qas: question: Where was Henry III crowned?
answers: text: Gloucester Cathedral

question: When was Henry III crowned?
answers: text: 1216

question: Who had taken control of London when Henry III was to be crowned?
answers: text: French prince Louis

question: Who deemed Henry III's coronation to be improper?
answers: text: the Pope

question: Who is the usual cleric for coronation ceremonies?
answers: text: The Archbishop of Canterbury

question: Where was Henry II crowned?

question: When was Henry II crowned?

question: Who had taken control of London when Henry II was to be crowned?

question: Who deemed Henry II's coronation to be improper?

question: Who is the unusual cleric for coronation ceremonies?
context: Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]

qas: question: What is the name of the throne used for coronation?
answers: text: King Edward's Chair

question: What is another name for King Edward's Chair?
answers: text: St Edward's Chair

question: Upon what are kings of Scots coronated?
answers: text: the Stone of Scone

question: Who had stolen the Stone of Scone?
answers: text: Scottish nationalists

question: What is the name of the throne unused for coronation?

question: What isn't another name for King Edward's Chair?

question: Upon what are kings of Wales coronated?

question: Who had stolen the Stone of Stone?

question: Who had protected the Stone of Scone?
context: King Edward's Chair (or St Edward's Chair), the throne on which English and British sovereigns have been seated at the moment of coronation, is housed within the abbey and has been used at every coronation since 1308. From 1301 to 1996 (except for a short time in 1950 when it was temporarily stolen by Scottish nationalists), the chair also housed the Stone of Scone upon which the kings of Scots are crowned. Although the Stone is now kept in Scotland, in Edinburgh Castle, at future coronations it is intended that the Stone will be returned to St Edward's Chair for use during the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]

qas: question: What kind of church is Westminster Abbey?
answers: text: collegiate church

question: Who created Westminster Abbey as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster?
answers: text: Queen Elizabeth I

question: Who governs the church?
answers: text: the Dean and Chapter of Westminster

question: Who are the members of the chapter of Westminster?
answers: text: the Dean and four canons residentiary

question: Who assist the chapter of Westminster?
answers: text: the Receiver General and Chapter Clerk

question: What kind of church isn't Westminster Abbey?

question: Who hated Westminster Abbey as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster?

question: Who governs the school?

question: Who aren't the members of the chapter of Westminster?

question: Who rejects the chapter of Westminster?
context: Westminster Abbey is a collegiate church governed by the Dean and Chapter of Westminster, as established by Royal charter of Queen Elizabeth I in 1560, which created it as the Collegiate Church of St Peter Westminster and a Royal Peculiar under the personal jurisdiction of the Sovereign. The members of the Chapter are the Dean and four canons residentiary, assisted by the Receiver General and Chapter Clerk. One of the canons is also Rector of St Margaret's Church, Westminster, and often holds also the post of Chaplain to the Speaker of the House of Commons.

qas: question: How many lay vicars are there?
answers: text: 12

question: How many choristers are there at the abbey?
answers: text: 10

question: When was the office of Priest Vicar created?
answers: text: 1970s

question: How many lay vicars aren't there?

question: How many lay singers are there?

question: How many choristers aren't there at the abbey?

question: When wasn't the office of Priest Vicar created?

question: When was the office of Priest Vicar destroyed?
context: In addition to the Dean and canons, there are at present two full-time minor canons, one is precentor, and the other is sacrist. The office of Priest Vicar was created in the 1970s for those who assist the minor canons. Together with the clergy and Receiver General and Chapter Clerk, various lay officers constitute the college, including the Organist and Master of the Choristers, the Registrar, the Auditor, the Legal Secretary, the Surveyor of the Fabric, the Head Master of the choir school, the Keeper of the Muniments and the Clerk of the Works, as well as 12 lay vicars, 10 choristers and the High Steward and High Bailiff.

qas: question: Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of whom?
answers: text: Edward the Confessor

question: When did George II of Great Britain die?
answers: text: 1760

question: Who was Edward the Confessor?
answers: text: a royal saint

question: Where was Henry VI buried?
answers: text: St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle

question: Where was Richard III buried?
answers: text: Leicester Cathedral

question: Henry II rebuilt the abbey in honour of whom?

question: When did George I of Great Britain die?

question: Who wasn't Edward the Confessor?

question: Where was Henry V buried?

question: Where was Richard II buried?
context: Henry III rebuilt the abbey in honour of a royal saint, Edward the Confessor, whose relics were placed in a shrine in the sanctuary. Henry III himself was interred nearby, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives. Until the death of George II of Great Britain in 1760, most kings and queens were buried in the abbey, some notable exceptions being Henry VI, Edward IV, Henry VIII and Charles I who are buried in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle. Other exceptions include Richard III, now buried at Leicester Cathedral, and the de facto queen Lady Jane Grey, buried in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in the Tower of London. Most monarchs and royals who died after 1760 are buried either in St George's Chapel or at Frogmore to the east of Windsor Castle.[citation needed]

qas: question: Where were aristocrats buried from the Middle Ages?
answers: text: inside chapels

question: Geoffrey Chaucer was employed as what?
answers: text: master of the King's Works

question: Henry Purcell was buried where?
answers: text: in the abbey

question: Where were aristocrats buried from the Later Ages?

question: Where were aristocrats burned from the Middle Ages?

question: Geoffrey Chaucer was unemployed as what?

question: Geoffrey Chaucer wasn't employed as what?

question: Henry Purcell was burned where?
context: From the Middle Ages, aristocrats were buried inside chapels, while monks and other people associated with the abbey were buried in the cloisters and other areas. One of these was Geoffrey Chaucer, who was buried here as he had apartments in the abbey where he was employed as master of the King's Works. Other poets, writers and musicians were buried or memorialised around Chaucer in what became known as Poets' Corner. Abbey musicians such as Henry Purcell were also buried in their place of work.[citation needed]

qas: question: Oliver Cromwell began buring national figures in the abbey starting with whom?
answers: text: Admiral Robert Blake

question: Who was buried in the abbey on 4 April 1727?
answers: text: Isaac Newton

question: Who was buried in the abbey on 26 April 1882?
answers: text: Charles Darwin

question: Who was buried in the abbey on 3 August 1833?
answers: text: William Wilberforce

question: Who was buried next to William Wilberforce?
answers: text: William Pitt

question: Oliver Cromwell began buring national figures in the abbey ending with whom?

question: Who was buried in the abbey on 4 April 1772?

question: Who was buried in the abbey on 26 April 1828?

question: Who was buried in the abbey on 3 August 1883?

question: Who was buried under to William Wilberforce?
context: Subsequently, it became one of Britain's most significant honours to be buried or commemorated in the abbey. The practice of burying national figures in the abbey began under Oliver Cromwell with the burial of Admiral Robert Blake in 1657. The practice spread to include generals, admirals, politicians, doctors and scientists such as Isaac Newton, buried on 4 April 1727, and Charles Darwin, buried 26 April 1882. Another was William Wilberforce who led the movement to abolish slavery in the United Kingdom and the Plantations, buried on 3 August 1833. Wilberforce was buried in the north transept, close to his friend, the former Prime Minister, William Pitt.[citation needed]

qas: question: In the early 20th century it became more common to bury what kind of remains?
answers: text: cremated

question: In what year was Sir Henry Irving cremated?
answers: text: 1905

question: Who was buried in the south choir aisle in 2014?
answers: text: Frances Challen

question: What family has the Northumberland Vault?
answers: text: Percy Family

question: In the early 19th century it became more common to bury what kind of remains?

question: In what year was Sir Henry Irving buried?

question: Who was buried in the south choir aisle in 2004?

question: What family hasn't the Northumberland Vault?

question: What family has the Southumberland Vault?
context: During the early 20th century it became increasingly common to bury cremated remains rather than coffins in the abbey. In 1905 the actor Sir Henry Irving was cremated and his ashes buried in Westminster Abbey, thereby becoming the first person ever to be cremated prior to interment at the abbey. The majority of interments at the Abbey are of cremated remains, but some burials still take place - Frances Challen, wife of the Rev Sebastian Charles, Canon of Westminster, was buried alongside her husband in the south choir aisle in 2014. Members of the Percy Family have a family vault, The Northumberland Vault, in St Nicholas's chapel within the abbey.

qas: question: When was The Unknown Warrior buried?
answers: text: 11 November 1920

question: When was The Known Warrior buried?

question: When wan'ts The Unknown Warrior buried?

question: When was The Unknown Warrior burned?

question: Whose grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is encouraged to walk?

question: Whose grave isn't the only one in the abbey on which it is encouraged to walk?
context: In the floor, just inside the great west door, in the centre of the nave, is the tomb of The Unknown Warrior, an unidentified British soldier killed on a European battlefield during the First World War. He was buried in the abbey on 11 November 1920. This grave is the only one in the abbey on which it is forbidden to walk.[citation needed]

qas: question: Where is the memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF?
answers: text: At the east end of the Lady Chapel

question: The memorial chapel of the airmen of the RAF has a window for what?
answers: text: the Battle of Britain

question: The window for the Battle of Britain replaced what that was destroyed?
answers: text: Tudor stained glass window

question: Where is the memorial chapel of the firemen of the RAF?

question: Where is the memorial chapel of the airmen of the ARF?

question: The memorial chapel of the seamen of the RAF has a window for what?

question: The memorial chapel of the airmen of the ARF has a window for what?

question: The window for the Battle of Britain replaced what that was created?
context: At the east end of the Lady Chapel is a memorial chapel to the airmen of the RAF who were killed in the Second World War. It incorporates a memorial window to the Battle of Britain, which replaces an earlier Tudor stained glass window destroyed in the war.

qas: question: When was the formal funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales?
answers: text: Saturday September 6, 1997

question: When was a second public service held for Princess Diana?
answers: text: Sunday

question: Who designed Diana's dress?
answers: text: Catherine Walker

question: Who gave Diana the rosary beads?
answers: text: Mother Teresa

question: When was the informal funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales?

question: When was the formal funeral of Diana, Prince of Wales?

question: When was a third public service held for Princess Diana?

question: When was a second public service held for Princess Mary?

question: Who never designed Diana's dress?
context: On Saturday September 6, 1997 the formal, though not "state" Funeral of Diana, Princess of Wales, was held. It was a royal ceremonial funeral including royal pageantry and Anglican funeral liturgy. A Second Public service was held on Sunday at the demand of the people. The burial occurred privately later the same day. Diana's former husband, sons, mother, siblings, a close friend, and a clergyman were present. Diana's body was clothed in a black long-sleeved dress designed by Catherine Walker, which she had chosen some weeks before. A set of rosary beads was placed in her hands, a gift she had received from Mother Teresa. Her grave is on the grounds of her family estate, Althorp, on a private island.[citation needed]

qas: question: What are also in the precincts of Westminster Abbey?
answers: text: Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School

question: Who required the Benedictine monks to maintain a charity school?
answers: text: the Pope

question: When were the Benedictine monks required to maintain a charity school?
answers: text: 1179

question: The choirboys of the abbey are trained where?
answers: text: Westminster Abbey Choir School

question: What are also in the precincts of Eastminster Abbey?

question: Who never required the Benedictine monks to maintain a charity school?

question: Who required the Benedictine monks to maintain a vanity school?

question: When were the Benedictine monks required to maintain a vanity school?

question: The altar boys of the abbey are trained where?
context: Westminster School and Westminster Abbey Choir School are also in the precincts of the abbey. It was natural for the learned and literate monks to be entrusted with education, and Benedictine monks were required by the Pope to maintain a charity school in 1179. The Choir School educates and trains the choirboys who sing for services in the Abbey.

qas: question: Who built the organ?
answers: text: Harrison & Harrison

question: When was the organ built? 
answers: text: 1937

question: When was the organ first used?
answers: text: the coronation of King George VI

question: What was included in the new organ from the previous Hill organ of 1848?
answers: text: pipework

question: Who designed the two organ cases?
answers: text: John Loughborough Pearson

question: Who destroyed the organ?

question: When was the organ destroyed? 

question: When was the organ last used?

question: What was included in the new organ from the previous Hill organ of 1948?

question: Who designed the three organ cases?
context: The organ was built by Harrison & Harrison in 1937, then with four manuals and 84 speaking stops, and was used for the first time at the coronation of King George VI. Some pipework from the previous Hill organ of 1848 was revoiced and incorporated in the new scheme. The two organ cases, designed in the late 19th century by John Loughborough Pearson, were re-instated and coloured in 1959.

qas: question: What part of the organ is not connected or playable?
answers: text: the Celestial Organ

question: What part of the organ is connected or playable?

question: What part of the organ is fully playable?

question: In 2008, the console of the organ was refurbished by who?

question: In 2006, the console of the organ was destroyed by who?

question: In 2006, the console of the guitar was refurbished by who?
context: In 1982 and 1987, Harrison and Harrison enlarged the organ under the direction of the then abbey organist Simon Preston to include an additional Lower Choir Organ and a Bombarde Organ: the current instrument now has five manuals and 109 speaking stops. In 2006, the console of the organ was refurbished by Harrison and Harrison, and space was prepared for two additional 16 ft stops on the Lower Choir Organ and the Bombarde Organ. One part of the instrument, the Celestial Organ, is currently not connected or playable.

qas: question: When were the bells overhauled?
answers: text: 1971

question: How many bells make up the abbey ring?
answers: text: Ten

question: When were the ten bells cast?
answers: text: 1971

question: Who cast the abbey bells?
answers: text: Whitechapel Bell Foundry

question: When weren't the bells overhauled?

question: When were the bells scrapped?

question: How many bells don't make up the abbey ring?

question: When were the ine bells cast?

question: Who destroyed the abbey bells?
context: The bells at the abbey were overhauled in 1971. The ring is now made up of ten bells, hung for change ringing, cast in 1971, by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, tuned to the notes: F#, E, D, C#, B, A, G, F#, E and D. The Tenor bell in D (588.5 Hz) has a weight of 30 cwt, 1 qtr, 15 lb (3403 lb or 1544 kg).

qas: question: Who cast the two service bells?
answers: text: Robert Mot

question: When were the two service bells cast?
answers: text: 1585 and 1598

question: When was the Sanctus bell cast?
answers: text: 1738

question: Who cast the Sanctus bell?
answers: text: Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester

question: Where is the "dish bell" kept?
answers: text: in the refectory

question: Who cast the three service bells?

question: When were the three service bells cast?

question: When was the Sanctus bell ruined?

question: Who destroyed the Sanctus bell?

question: Where isn't the "dish bell" kept?
context: In addition there are two service bells, cast by Robert Mot, in 1585 and 1598 respectively, a Sanctus bell cast in 1738 by Richard Phelps and Thomas Lester and two unused bells—one cast about 1320, by the successor to R de Wymbish, and a second cast in 1742, by Thomas Lester. The two service bells and the 1320 bell, along with a fourth small silver "dish bell", kept in the refectory, have been noted as being of historical importance by the Church Buildings Council of the Church of England.

qas: question: Under whom was the chapter house built?
answers: text: Henry III

question: Who restored the chapter house in 1872?
answers: text: Sir George Gilbert Scott

question: Under whom wasn't the chapter house built?

question: Under whom was the chapter house torn down?

question: Who restored the chapter house in 1827?

question: Who destroyed the chapter house in 1872?

question: Who restored the chapel house in 1872?
context: The chapter house was built concurrently with the east parts of the abbey under Henry III, between about 1245 and 1253. It was restored by Sir George Gilbert Scott in 1872. The entrance is approached from the east cloister walk and includes a double doorway with a large tympanum above.

qas: question: What style is the octagonal chapter house?
answers: text: Geometrical Gothic style

question: There is an octagonal what below the chapter house?
answers: text: crypt

question: What kind of ceiling is in the chapter house?
answers: text: vaulted

question: What kind of windows are in the chapter house?
answers: text: 4-light quatre-foiled windows

question: The architecture of the chapter house is contemporary with what?
answers: text: the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris

question: What style is the octagonal chapel house?

question: There is an octagonal what above the chapter house?

question: What kind of ceiling isn't in the chapter house?

question: What kind of windows aren't in the chapter house?

question: The architecture of the chapel house is contemporary with what?
context: Inner and outer vestibules lead to the octagonal chapter house, which is of exceptional architectural purity. It is built in a Geometrical Gothic style with an octagonal crypt below. A pier of eight shafts carries the vaulted ceiling. To the sides are blind arcading, remains of 14th-century paintings and numerous stone benches above which are innovatory large 4-light quatre-foiled windows. These are virtually contemporary with the Sainte-Chapelle, Paris.

qas: question: What kind of tiled pavement is in the chapter house?
answers: text: mid-13th-century

question: A door in the vestible dates back to when?
answers: text: 1050

question: When were the exterior flying buttresses added?
answers: text: the 14th century

question: Who else met in the chapter house?
answers: text: King's Great Council and the Commons

question: What kind of tiled pavement is in the chapel house?

question: A window in the vestible dates back to when?

question: When were the interior flying buttresses added?

question: Who else never met in the chapter house?

question: When were the exterior flying buttresses subtracted?
context: The chapter house has an original mid-13th-century tiled pavement. A door within the vestibule dates from around 1050 and is believed to be the oldest in England.[citation needed] The exterior includes flying buttresses added in the 14th century and a leaded tent-lantern roof on an iron frame designed by Scott. The Chapter house was originally used in the 13th century by Benedictine monks for daily meetings. It later became a meeting place of the King's Great Council and the Commons, predecessors of Parliament.

qas: question: What formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory?
answers: text: The Pyx Chamber

question: When does the Pyx Chamber date to?
answers: text: the late 11th century

question: When were newly minted coins presented to ensure they met standards?
answers: text: the Trial of the Pyx

question: What formed the overcroft of the monks' dormitory?

question: What destroyed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory?

question: When doesn't the Pyx Chamber date to?

question: When does the Styx Chamber date to?

question: When were oldly minted coins presented to ensure they met standards?
context: The Pyx Chamber formed the undercroft of the monks' dormitory. It dates to the late 11th century and was used as a monastic and royal treasury. The outer walls and circular piers are of 11th-century date, several of the capitals were enriched in the 12th century and the stone altar added in the 13th century. The term pyx refers to the boxwood chest in which coins were held and presented to a jury during the Trial of the Pyx, in which newly minted coins were presented to ensure they conformed to the required standards.

qas: question: The Pyx Chamber and chapter house are under guardianship of whom?
answers: text: English Heritage

question: Who cares for and manages the Pyx Chamber and chapter house?
answers: text: the Dean and Chapter of Westminster

question: English Heritage has funded what for the chapter house?
answers: text: repairs

question: The Pyx Chamber and chapter house aren't under guardianship of whom?

question: The Styx Chamber and chapter house are under guardianship of whom?

question: Who no longer cares for and manages the Pyx Chamber and chapter house?

question: Who cares for and manages the Styx Chamber and chapter house?

question: English Heritage has unfunded what for the chapter house?
context: The chapter house and Pyx Chamber at Westminster Abbey are in the guardianship of English Heritage, but under the care and management of the Dean and Chapter of Westminster. English Heritage have funded a major programme of work on the chapter house, comprising repairs to the roof, gutters, stonework on the elevations and flying buttresses as well as repairs to the lead light.

qas: question: What is located in the vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory?
answers: text: The Westminster Abbey Museum

question: The area the museum occupies dates back to when?
answers: text: 1065

question: The vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory has been a museum since when?
answers: text: 1908

question: What is located in the vaulted overcroft beneath the monks' dormitory?

question: What is located in the vaulted undercroft above the monks' dormitory?

question: The area the store occupies dates back to when?

question: The vaulted undercroft beneath the monks' dormitory hasn't been a museum since when?

question: The vaulted overcroft beneath the monks' dormitory has been a museum since when?
context: The Westminster Abbey Museum is located in the 11th-century vaulted undercroft beneath the former monks' dormitory in Westminster Abbey. This is one of the oldest areas of the abbey, dating back almost to the foundation of the church by Edward the Confessor in 1065. This space has been used as a museum since 1908.

qas: question: What belonging to Henry V is in the museum?
answers: text: funeral saddle, helm and shield

question: What kind of panels are in the museum?
answers: text: panels of mediaeval glass

question: What belonging to Henry VI is in the museum?

question: What belonging to Henry V isn't in the museum?

question: What not belonging to Henry V is in the museum?

question: What kind of panels aren't in the museum?

question: What kind of panels are in the library?
context: The exhibits include a collection of royal and other funeral effigies (funeral saddle, helm and shield of Henry V), together with other treasures, including some panels of mediaeval glass, 12th-century sculpture fragments, Mary II's coronation chair and replicas of the coronation regalia, and historic effigies of Edward III, Henry VII and his queen, Elizabeth of York, Charles II, William III, Mary II and Queen Anne.

qas: question: Who modelled the effigies in the museum?
answers: text: sculptor Patience Wright

question: What are the effigies made of?
answers: text: wax

question: What is the effigy of Viscount Nelson wearing?
answers: text: some of his own clothes

question: Who never modelled the effigies in the museum?

question: What aren't the effigies made of?

question: What are the fridges made of?

question: What is the effigy of Discount Nelson wearing?

question: What isn't the effigy of Viscount Nelson wearing?
context: Later wax effigies include a likeness of Horatio, Viscount Nelson, wearing some of his own clothes and another of Prime Minister William Pitt, Earl of Chatham, modelled by the American-born sculptor Patience Wright.[citation needed] During recent conservation of Elizabeth I's effigy, a unique corset dating from 1603 was found on the figure and is now displayed separately.[citation needed]

qas: question: What was recently added to the museum exhibit?
answers: text: 13th-century Westminster Retable

question: What is the Westminster Retable?
answers: text: England's oldest altarpiece

question: What was the altarpiece designed for?
answers: text: high altar of the abbey

question: What was damaged but cleaned and then conserved?
answers: text: altarpiece

question: What was recently subtracted from the museum exhibit?

question: What wasn't recently added to the museum exhibit?

question: What isn't the Westminster Retable?

question: What was the altarpiece undesigned for?

question: What was undamaged but cleaned and then conserved?
context: A recent addition to the exhibition is the late 13th-century Westminster Retable, England's oldest altarpiece, which was most probably designed for the high altar of the abbey. Although it has been damaged in past centuries, the panel has been expertly cleaned and conserved.

qas: question: What was proposed for the abbey in June 2009?
answers: text: major building work

question: On what date did the Dean and Chapter announce that work would not be continued?
answers: text: 4 August 2010

question: Panter Hudspith refurbished a 14th-century foodstore into what?
answers: text: a restaurant

question: What kind of furniture is in the restaurant?
answers: text: English Oak

question: Who supplied the furniture for the restaurant?
answers: text: Luke Hughes and Company

question: What was proposed for the abbey in June 2008?

question: On what date did the Dean and Chapter announce that work would be continued?

question: Panter Hudspith refurbished a 13th-century foodstore into what?

question: What kind of furniture isn't in the restaurant?

question: Who never supplied the furniture for the restaurant?
context: In June 2009 the first major building work at the abbey for 250 years was proposed. A corona—a crown-like architectural feature—was intended to be built around the lantern over the central crossing, replacing an existing pyramidal structure dating from the 1950s. This was part of a wider £23m development of the abbey expected to be completed in 2013. On 4 August 2010 the Dean and Chapter announced that, "[a]fter a considerable amount of preliminary and exploratory work", efforts toward the construction of a corona would not be continued. In 2012, architects Panter Hudspith completed refurbishment of the 14th-century food-store originally used by the abbey's monks, converting it into a restaurant with English Oak furniture by Covent Garden-based furniture makers Luke Hughes and Company.

qas: question: What will be created in the medieval triforium?
answers: text: The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries

question: What has been designed to help with the gallery?
answers: text: Gothic access tower with lift

question: When will the new galleries open?
answers: text: 2018

question: What will be destroyed in the medieval triforium?

question: What will be created in the medieval biforium?

question: What has been undesigned to help with the gallery?

question: When will the new galleries close?

question: When will the old galleries open?
context: A project that is proceeding is the creation of The Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries in the medieval triforium of the abbey. The aim is to create a new display area for the abbey's treasures in the galleries high up around the abbey's nave. To this end a new Gothic access tower with lift has been designed by the abbey architect and Surveyor of the Fabric, Ptolemy Dean. It is planned that the new galleries will open in 2018.