Guinea-Bissau

qas: question: What is the official name for Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: the Republic of Guinea-Bissau

question: Where is Guinea-Bissau located?
answers: text: West Africa

question: How many square miles is Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: 13,948 sq mi

question: What is the estimated population of Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: 1,704,000

question: How many kilometers does Guinea-Bissau cover?
answers: text: 36,125
context: Guinea-Bissau (i/ˈɡɪni bɪˈsaʊ/, GI-nee-bi-SOW), officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau (Portuguese: República da Guiné-Bissau, pronounced: [ʁeˈpublikɐ dɐ ɡiˈnɛ biˈsaw]), is a country in West Africa. It covers 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi) with an estimated population of 1,704,000.

qas: question: What kingdom was Guinea-Bissau once part of?
answers: text: Gabu

question: What empire was Guinea-Bissau once part of?
answers: text: Mali Empire

question: What year was Guinea-Bissau declared independent?
answers: text: 1973

question: What country did Guinea-Bissau seek to differentiate itself from?
answers: text: Guinea (formerly French Guinea)

question: Guinea-Bissau has a history of what since independence?
answers: text: political instability
context: Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, as well as part of the Mali Empire. Parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century, while a few others were under some rule by the Portuguese Empire since the 16th century. In the 19th century, it was colonized as Portuguese Guinea. Upon independence, declared in 1973 and recognised in 1974, the name of its capital, Bissau, was added to the country's name to prevent confusion with Guinea (formerly French Guinea). Guinea-Bissau has a history of political instability since independence, and no elected president has successfully served a full five-year term.

qas: question: What percentage of the population speaks Portuguese?
answers: text: 14%

question: What percentage of the population speaks Crioulo?
answers: text: 44%

question: What are the two main religions?
answers: text: African traditional religions and Islam

question: What is their gross domestic product status?
answers: text: one of the lowest in the world

question: What is the minority religion?
answers: text: Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)
context: Only 14% of the population speaks Portuguese, established as the official language in the colonial period. Almost half the population (44%) speaks Crioulo, a Portuguese-based creole language, and the remainder speak a variety of native African languages. The main religions are African traditional religions and Islam; there is a Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) minority. The country's per-capita gross domestic product is one of the lowest in the world.

qas: question: What Islamic organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
answers: text: Organisation of Islamic Cooperation

question: What Portuguese organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
answers: text: Community of Portuguese Language Countries

question: What West African organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
answers: text: Economic Community of West African States

question: What South Atlantic organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
answers: text: South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone

question: What Latin organization does Guinea-Bissau belong to?
answers: text: the Latin Union
context: Guinea-Bissau is a member of the United Nations, African Union, Economic Community of West African States, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, the Latin Union, Community of Portuguese Language Countries, La Francophonie and the South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone.

qas: question: What area was known as the Slave Coast?
answers: text: Portuguese Guinea

question: Who exported African slaves to the western hemisphere?
answers: text: Europeans

question: What kingdom was Guinea-Bissau once a part of?
answers: text: Gabu

question: How long did the Mali Empire persist?
answers: text: until the 18th century

question: Who traded slaves into the Middle East?
answers: text: Arabs
context: Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, part of the Mali Empire; parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century. Other parts of the territory in the current country were considered by the Portuguese as part of their empire. Portuguese Guinea was known as the Slave Coast, as it was a major area for the exportation of African slaves by Europeans to the western hemisphere. Previously slaves had been traded by Arabs north to the northern part of Africa and into the Middle East.

qas: question: When was Alvise Cadamosto's voyage?
answers: text: 1455

question: When was Eustache de la Fosse's voyage?
answers: text: 1479–1480

question: What was the name of the Portuguese explorer?
answers: text: Diogo Cão

question: What river did Diogo Cao reach in the 1480's?
answers: text: Congo River

question: What country is about 4200 km from Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: Angola
context: Early reports of Europeans reaching this area include those of the Venetian Alvise Cadamosto's voyage of 1455, the 1479–1480 voyage by Flemish-French trader Eustache de la Fosse, and Diogo Cão. In the 1480s this Portuguese explorer reached the Congo River and the lands of Bakongo, setting up the foundations of modern Angola, some 4200 km down the African coast from Guinea-Bissau.

qas: question: What areas were the first places colonized by the Portuguese?
answers: text: the rivers and coast

question: When did the Portuguese first set up trading posts in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: 16th century

question: When did the Portuguese explore the interior of Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: 19th century

question: Who controlled the inland trade in Guinea-Bissau during this time?
answers: text: local African rulers

question: What ports were the Portuguese restricted to?
answers: text: Bissau and Cacheu
context: Although the rivers and coast of this area were among the first places colonized by the Portuguese, who set up trading posts in the 16th century, they did not explore the interior until the 19th century. The local African rulers in Guinea, some of whom prospered greatly from the slave trade, controlled the inland trade and did not allow the Europeans into the interior. They kept them in the fortified coastal settlements where the trading took place. African communities that fought back against slave traders also distrusted European adventurers and would-be settlers. The Portuguese in Guinea were largely restricted to the port of Bissau and Cacheu. A small number of European settlers established isolated farms along Bissau's inland rivers.

qas: question: Who tried to establish a rival foothold at Bolama?
answers: text: the British

question: When was a rival foothold  attempted at Bolama?
answers: text: the 1790s

question: Who regarded Bolama as their own in the 19th century?
answers: text: the Portuguese

question: What other area did the Portuguese regard as their special territory?
answers: text: part of present South Senegal

question: What rival did the Portuguese fend off in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: the British
context: For a brief period in the 1790s, the British tried to establish a rival foothold on an offshore island, at Bolama. But by the 19th century the Portuguese were sufficiently secure in Bissau to regard the neighbouring coastline as their own special territory, also up north in part of present South Senegal.

qas: question: What group started an armed rebellion in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC)

question: When did the armed rebellion begin?
answers: text: 1956

question: Who was the leader of the armed rebellion?
answers: text: Amílcar Cabral

question: Who supplied doctors and technicians to the rebels?
answers: text: Cuba

question: When was Cabral assassinated?
answers: text: January 1973
context: An armed rebellion beginning in 1956 by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) under the leadership of Amílcar Cabral gradually consolidated its hold on then Portuguese Guinea. Unlike guerrilla movements in other Portuguese colonies, the PAIGC rapidly extended its military control over large portions of the territory, aided by the jungle-like terrain, its easily reached borderlines with neighbouring allies, and large quantities of arms from Cuba, China, the Soviet Union, and left-leaning African countries. Cuba also agreed to supply artillery experts, doctors, and technicians. The PAIGC even managed to acquire a significant anti-aircraft capability in order to defend itself against aerial attack. By 1973, the PAIGC was in control of many parts of Guinea, although the movement suffered a setback in January 1973 when Cabral was assassinated.

qas: question: When was independence declared?
answers: text: 24 September 1973

question: What date was independence considered universal? 
answers: text: 25 April 1974

question: What event caused the recognition to be universal?
answers: text: socialist-inspired military coup

question: Where did a coup take place?
answers: text: Portugal

question: Who was overthrown in the coup?
answers: text: Lisbon's Estado Novo regime
context: Independence was unilaterally declared on 24 September 1973. Recognition became universal following the 25 April 1974 socialist-inspired military coup in Portugal, which overthrew Lisbon's Estado Novo regime.

qas: question: Who was the first President of Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: Luís Cabral

question: How many Guinean soldiers did the PAIGC kill?
answers: text: thousands

question: Where did one of the massacres occur?
answers: text: Bissorã

question: When did the PAIGC acknowledge the executions?
answers: text: 29 November 1980

question: Where were the soldiers buried?
answers: text: Cumerá, Portogole, and Mansabá
context: Luís Cabral, brother of Amílcar and co-founder of PAIGC, was appointed the first President of Guinea-Bissau. Following independence, the PAIGC killed thousands of local Guinean soldiers who had fought along with the Portuguese Army against guerrillas. Some escaped to settle in Portugal or other African nations. One of the massacres occurred in the town of Bissorã. In 1980 the PAIGC acknowledged in its newspaper Nó Pintcha (dated 29 November 1980) that many Gueinean soldiers had been executed and buried in unmarked collective graves in the woods of Cumerá, Portogole, and Mansabá.

qas: question: Who controlled the country prior to 1984?
answers: text: a revolutionary council

question: When were the first multi-party elections held?
answers: text: 1994

question: What led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War?
answers: text: An army uprising

question: When was the president ousted?
answers: text: June 1999

question: Who was elected president in the 2000 election?
answers: text: Kumba Ialá
context: The country was controlled by a revolutionary council until 1984. The first multi-party elections were held in 1994. An army uprising in May 1998 led to the Guinea-Bissau Civil War and the president's ousting in June 1999. Elections were held again in 2000, and Kumba Ialá was elected president.

qas: question: When was a military coup conducted?
answers: text: September 2003

question: Who did the military arrest?
answers: text: Ialá

question: When were legislative elections held?
answers: text: March 2004

question: When did the mutiny of military factions occur?
answers: text: October 2004

question: Who died in the mutiny?
answers: text: the head of the armed forces
context: In September 2003, a military coup was conducted. The military arrested Ialá on the charge of being "unable to solve the problems". After being delayed several times, legislative elections were held in March 2004. A mutiny of military factions in October 2004 resulted in the death of the head of the armed forces and caused widespread unrest.

qas: question: After the coup, when were presidential elections held?
answers: text: June 2005

question: At that time, who ran claiming to be the legitimate president of the country?
answers: text: Ialá

question: Who won the election?
answers: text: João Bernardo Vieira

question: Who did Vieira beat in a runoff election?
answers: text: Malam Bacai Sanhá

question: When was Vieira, a former president, deposed?
answers: text: 1999
context: In June 2005, presidential elections were held for the first time since the coup that deposed Ialá. Ialá returned as the candidate for the PRS, claiming to be the legitimate president of the country, but the election was won by former president João Bernardo Vieira, deposed in the 1999 coup. Vieira beat Malam Bacai Sanhá in a runoff election. Sanhá initially refused to concede, claiming that tampering and electoral fraud occurred in two constituencies including the capital, Bissau.

qas: question: What was reported to be entering the country prior to the election?
answers: text: arms

question: What type of "disturbances" were reported during the campaign?
answers: text: attacks on government offices

question: How did foreign election monitors describe the election?
answers: text: "calm and organized"

question: What year was the election held?
answers: text: 2005

question: Where the election monitors local, or foreign?
answers: text: foreign
context: Despite reports of arms entering the country prior to the election and some "disturbances during campaigning," including attacks on government offices by unidentified gunmen, foreign election monitors described the 2005 election overall as "calm and organized".

qas: question: When was the parliamentary election held?
answers: text: November 2008

question: Who won a strong majority in the election?
answers: text: PAIGC

question: How many seats did PAIGC win in the election?
answers: text: 67

question: Whose residence was attacked by members of the armed forces?
answers: text: President Vieira's

question: When did the attack on the residence occur?
answers: text: November 2008
context: Three years later, PAIGC won a strong parliamentary majority, with 67 of 100 seats, in the parliamentary election held in November 2008. In November 2008, President Vieira's official residence was attacked by members of the armed forces, killing a guard but leaving the president unharmed.

qas: question: Who was assassinated on 2 March 2009?
answers: text: Vieira

question: Who was assassinated on 1 March 2009?
answers: text: General Batista Tagme Na Wai

question: Who pledged to respect the constitutional order of succession?
answers: text: Military leaders

question: Who was appointed interim president?
answers: text: Raimundo Pereira

question: Who won the election in June 2009?
answers: text: Malam Bacai Sanhá
context: On 2 March 2009, however, Vieira was assassinated by what preliminary reports indicated to be a group of soldiers avenging the death of the head of joint chiefs of staff, General Batista Tagme Na Wai. Tagme died in an explosion on Sunday, 1 March 2009, target of an assassination. Military leaders in the country pledged to respect the constitutional order of succession. National Assembly Speaker Raimundo Pereira was appointed as an interim president until a nationwide election on 28 June 2009. It was won by Malam Bacai Sanhá.

qas: question: When was a coup d'etat staged?
answers: text: 12 April 2012

question: Who staged the coup d'etat?
answers: text: members of the country's military

question: Who assumed control of the country after the coup d'etat?
answers: text: Mamadu Ture Kuruma

question: Who did Kuruma negotiate with?
answers: text: opposition parties

question: What was Kuruma's former position?
answers: text: vice chief of staff
context: On the evening of 12 April 2012, members of the country's military staged a coup d'état and arrested the interim president and a leading presidential candidate. Former vice chief of staff, General Mamadu Ture Kuruma, assumed control of the country in the transitional period and started negotiations with opposition parties.

qas: question: What country is listed as a republic?
answers: text: Guinea-Bissau

question: When had the government been highly centralized?
answers: text: In the past

question: When was multi-party governance established?
answers: text: mid-1991

question: Who is the head of state?
answers: text: president

question: Who is the head of government?
answers: text: prime minister
context: Guinea-Bissau is a republic. In the past, the government had been highly centralized. Multi-party governance was not established until mid-1991. The president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. Since 1974, no president has successfully served a full five-year term.

qas: question: How many members compose the legislature?
answers: text: 100

question: Is the legislature bicameral or unicameral?
answers: text: unicameral

question: How long do members serve in the legislature?
answers: text: four-year term

question: What is the head of the judicial system?
answers: text: Tribunal Supremo da Justiça (Supreme Court)

question: How many justices are on the Supreme Court?
answers: text: nine
context: At the legislative level, a unicameral Assembleia Nacional Popular (National People's Assembly) is made up of 100 members. They are popularly elected from multi-member constituencies to serve a four-year term. The judicial system is headed by a Tribunal Supremo da Justiça (Supreme Court), made up of nine justices appointed by the president; they serve at the pleasure of the president.

qas: question: Who was elected as President in 2005?
answers: text: João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira

question: What body made the declaration of who won the presidency?
answers: text: CNE (Comité Nacional de Eleições)

question: How long was it since Vieira had held the office of president?
answers: text: six years

question: What year did Vieira first assume power?
answers: text: 1980

question: Whose government did Vieira topple in 1980?
answers: text: Luís Cabral
context: João Bernardo "Nino" Vieira was elected in 2005 as President of Guinea-Bissau as an independent, being declared winner of the second round by the CNE (Comité Nacional de Eleições). Vieira returned to power in 2005 six years after being ousted from office during a civil war. Previously, he held power for 19 years after taking power in 1980 in a bloodless coup. In that action, he toppled the government of Luís Cabral.

qas: question: What was NOT triggered by Vieira's death?
answers: text: widespread violence

question: When was Vieira killed?
answers: text: 2 March 2009

question: In the 2009 election, who was the candidate of the PAIGC?
answers: text: Sanhá

question: In the 2009 election, who was the candidate of the PRS?
answers: text: Kumba Ialá

question: Who won the 2009 election?
answers: text: Sanhá
context: He was killed on 2 March 2009, possibly by soldiers in retaliation for the assassination of General Batista Tagme Na Waie, the head of the joint chiefs of staff, killed in an explosion. Vieira's death did not trigger widespread violence, but there were signs of turmoil in the country, according to the advocacy group Swisspeace. Malam Bacai Sanhá was elected after a transition. In the 2009 election to replace the assassinated Vieira, Sanhá was the presidential candidate of the PAIGC while Kumba Ialá was the presidential candidate of the PRS.

qas: question: When did President Sanha die?
answers: text: 2012

question: What party did Sanha belong to?
answers: text: PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde)

question: Besides the PAIGC, what is the other major political party?
answers: text: PRS (Party for Social Renewal)

question: How many minor political parties are there?
answers: text: more than 20

question: What office did Sanha hold in 2012?
answers: text: President
context: In 2012, President Rachide Sambu-balde Malam Bacai Sanhá died. He belonged to PAIGC (African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde), one of the two major political parties in Guinea-Bissau, along with the PRS (Party for Social Renewal). There are more than 20 minor parties.

qas: question: How many regions does Guinea-Bissau contain?
answers: text: eight

question: How many autonomous sectors does Guinea-Bissau contain?
answers: text: one

question: How many subdivided Sectors does Guinea-Bissau contain?
answers: text: 37
context: Guinea-Bissau is divided into eight regions (regiões) and one autonomous sector (sector autónomo). These, in turn, are subdivided into 37 Sectors. The regions are:

qas: question: What country is on the north border of Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: Senegal

question: What country is on the south border of Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: Guinea

question: What is to the west of Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: Atlantic Ocean

question: What latitudes does Guinea-Bissau mostly lie between?
answers: text: 11° and 13°N

question: What longitudes does Guinea-Bissau mostly lie between?
answers: text: 13° and 17°W
context: Guinea-Bissau is bordered by Senegal to the north and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west. It lies mostly between latitudes 11° and 13°N (a small area is south of 11°), and longitudes 13° and 17°W.

qas: question: Guinea-Bissau is larger than what two countries?
answers: text: Taiwan or Belgium

question: How high is the highest point in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: 300 metres (984 ft)

question: What archipelago lies off the mainland?
answers: text: Bijagos

question: How many square kilometers is Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: 36,125

question: Where does Guinea-Bissau get its hot dry winds from?
answers: text: the Sahara
context: At 36,125 square kilometres (13,948 sq mi), the country is larger in size than Taiwan or Belgium. It lies at a low altitude; its highest point is 300 metres (984 ft). The terrain of is mostly low coastal plain with swamps of Guinean mangroves rising to Guinean forest-savanna mosaic in the east. Its monsoon-like rainy season alternates with periods of hot, dry harmattan winds blowing from the Sahara. The Bijagos Archipelago lies off of the mainland.

qas: question: What is the average rainfall in Bissau, in millimetres?
answers: text: 2,024

question: When is the rainy season in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: between June and September/October

question: What does the country experience from December through April?
answers: text: drought

question: When is Guinea-Bissau warm?
answers: text: all year around

question: What is the average temperature in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: 26.3 °C (79.3 °F)
context: Guinea-Bissau is warm all year around and there is little temperature fluctuation; it averages 26.3 °C (79.3 °F). The average rainfall for Bissau is 2,024 millimetres (79.7 in) although this is almost entirely accounted for during the rainy season which falls between June and September/October. From December through April, the country experiences drought.

qas: question: How much of the population lives below the poverty line?
answers: text: More than two-thirds

question: What are Guinea-Bissau's major exports?
answers: text: fish, cashew nuts and ground nuts

question: What per capita index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest in the world?
answers: text: GDP

question: For what index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest on earth?
answers: text: Human Development Index

question: What area depends on agriculture in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: The economy
context: Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth. More than two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line. The economy depends mainly on agriculture; fish, cashew nuts and ground nuts are its major exports.

qas: question: Political instability has resulted in what type of economic activity?
answers: text: depressed

question: Political instability has resulted in what description of social conditions?
answers: text: deteriorating

question: What type of imbalances have increased as a result of the instability?
answers: text: macroeconomic

question: How long does it take to register a business in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: 233 days or about 33 weeks

question: What is the one country that takes longer than Guinea-Bissau to register a business?
answers: text: Suriname
context: A long period of political instability has resulted in depressed economic activity, deteriorating social conditions, and increased macroeconomic imbalances. It takes longer on average to register a new business in Guinea-Bissau (233 days or about 33 weeks) than in any other country in the world except Suriname. [The Economist, Pocket World in Figures, 2008 Edition, London: Profile Books]

qas: question: What did the main political parties sign to help the economy?
answers: text: a pact of stability

question: What organization backed a structural reform program?
answers: text: IMF

question: When did Guinea-Bissau become independent?
answers: text: 1974

question: What country left Guinea-Bissau in 1974?
answers: text: Portugal

question: What happened in Portugal that contributed to Guinea-Bissau's independence?
answers: text: the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution
context: Guinea-Bissau has started to show some economic advances after a pact of stability was signed by the main political parties of the country, leading to an IMF-backed structural reform program. The key challenges for the country in the period ahead are to achieve fiscal discipline, rebuild public administration, improve the economic climate for private investment, and promote economic diversification. After the country became independent from Portugal in 1974 due to the Portuguese Colonial War and the Carnation Revolution, the rapid exodus of the Portuguese civilian, military, and political authorities resulted in considerable damage to the country's economic infrastructure, social order, and standard of living.

qas: question: In what year did Guinea-Bissau start to bring some internal monetary stability to the country?
answers: text: 1997

question: What did the government do in 1997 to increase monetary stability?
answers: text: entered the CFA franc monetary system

question: What years did the civil war take place?
answers: text: 1998 and 1999

question: When was there a military coup in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: September 2003

question: When were parliamentary elections held?
answers: text: March 2004
context: After several years of economic downturn and political instability, in 1997, Guinea-Bissau entered the CFA franc monetary system, bringing about some internal monetary stability. The civil war that took place in 1998 and 1999, and a military coup in September 2003 again disrupted economic activity, leaving a substantial part of the economic and social infrastructure in ruins and intensifying the already widespread poverty. Following the parliamentary elections in March 2004 and presidential elections in July 2005, the country is trying to recover from the long period of instability, despite a still-fragile political situation.

qas: question: When did drug traffickers begin to use Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: 2005

question: Where did the drug traffickers come from?
answers: text: Latin America

question: What was the final destination of the drugs going through Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: Europe

question: Who described Guinea-Bissau as being at risk for becoming a "narco-state"?
answers: text: a United Nations official

question: Who has done little to stop drug trafficking in the country?
answers: text: The government and the military
context: Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine. The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a "narco-state". The government and the military have done little to stop drug trafficking, which increased after the 2012 coup d'état.

qas: question: What was the population of Guinea-Bissau in 1950?
answers: text: 518,000

question: What was the population of Guinea-Bissau in 2010?
answers: text: 1,515,000

question: What is the source of the population data?
answers: text: the 2010 revison of the UN World Population Prospects

question: What percentage of the population was below the age of 15?
answers: text: 41.3%

question: What percentage of the population was 65 or older?
answers: text: 3.3%
context: According to the 2010 revison of the UN World Population Prospects, Guinea-Bissau's population was 1,515,000 in 2010, compared to 518,000 in 1950. The proportion of the population below the age of 15 in 2010 was 41.3%, 55.4% were aged between 15 and 65 years of age, while 3.3% were aged 65 years or older.

qas: question: What natives comprise a very small percentage of the population?
answers: text: Portuguese

question: Who left the country after Guinea-Bissau gained independence?
answers: text: Portuguese nationals

question: What ethnic group has a tiny population in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: Chinese

question: What is the name of a former Asian Portuguese colony?
answers: text: Macau

question: What is the ancestry of the Chinese population in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry
context: Portuguese natives comprise a very small percentage of Guinea-Bissauans. After Guinea-Bissau gained independence, most of the Portuguese nationals left the country. The country has a tiny Chinese population. These include traders and merchants of mixed Portuguese and Chinese ancestry from Macau, a former Asian Portuguese colony.

qas: question: What percentage of the population speaks Kriol?
answers: text: 44%

question: What is the official language of Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: Portuguese

question: How long was Guinea-Bissau under colonial rule?
answers: text: centuries

question: What type of language is Kriol?
answers: text: a Portuguese-based creole language
context: 14% of the population speaks the official language Portuguese, the language of government and national communication during centuries of colonial rule. 44% speak Kriol, a Portuguese-based creole language, which is effectively a national language of communication among groups. The remainder speak a variety of native African languages unique to ethnicities.

qas: question: What is the second language for most Portuguese in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: Kriol

question: Why is French taught in school?
answers: text: Guinea-Bissau is surrounded by French-speaking nations.

question: What is Guinea-Bissau a full member of?
answers: text: the Francophonie

question: Who speaks both African languages and Kriol?
answers: text: Most Portuguese and Mestiços
context: Most Portuguese and Mestiços speak one of the African languages and Kriol as second languages. French is also taught in schools because Guinea-Bissau is surrounded by French-speaking nations. Guinea-Bissau is a full member of the Francophonie.

qas: question: In the 20th century most people practiced some form of what faith?
answers: text: Animism.

question: What religion was adopted by the population in the early 21st century?
answers: text: Islam

question: What percentage of the population now practices Islam?
answers: text: 50%

question: What denomination are the majority of Guinea-Bissau's muslims?
answers: text: Sunni

question: What sect does 2% of the population belong to?
answers: text: Ahmadiyya
context: Throughout the 20th century, most Bissau-Guineans practiced some form of Animism. In the early 21st century, many have adopted Islam, which is now practiced by 50% of the country's population. Most of Guinea-Bissau's Muslims are of the Sunni denomination with approximately 2% belonging to the Ahmadiyya sect.

qas: question: What percentage of the population is Christian?
answers: text: Approximately 10%

question: What percentage of the population continues to hold indigenous beliefs?
answers: text: 40%

question: What forms of Islamic and Christian faiths do many residents practice?
answers: text: syncretic

question: What do many residents combine with Islamic and Christian practices?
answers: text: traditional African beliefs
context: Approximately 10% of the country's population belong to the Christian community, and 40% continue to hold Indigenous beliefs. These statistics can be misleading, however, as many residents practice syncretic forms of Islamic and Christian faiths, combining their practices with traditional African beliefs.

qas: question: What infection has a very small prevalence in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: HIV

question: What percentage of the adult population has an HIV-infection?
answers: text: 1.8%

question: How many HIV-infected pregnant women receive retroviral coverage?
answers: text: 20%

question: What does retroviral coverage help prevent?
answers: text: transmission to newborns

question: Who receives retroviral coverage?
answers: text: infected pregnant women
context: The prevalence of HIV-infection among the adult population is 1.8%. Only 20% of infected pregnant women receive anti retroviral coverage to prevent transmission to newborns.

qas: question: What kills more residents than AIDS?
answers: text: Malaria

question: What percentage of the population has Malaria?
answers: text: 9%

question: How many more deaths does malaria cause vs. AIDS?
answers: text: three times as many

question: How many children under five slept under antimalaria nets in 2008?
answers: text: fewer than half

question: What type of drugs did many young children not have access to in 2008?
answers: text: antimalarial
context: Malaria kills more residents; 9% of the population have reported infection, It causes three times as many deaths as AIDS. In 2008, fewer than half of children younger than five slept under antimalaria nets or had access to antimalarial drugs.

qas: question: What type of disease was reported to be on the rise in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: cholera

question: How many died from cholera in a November 2012 report?
answers: text: nine

question: How many died from cholera in a 2008 epidemic?
answers: text: 225

question: Where are there reported cholera rates that are lowering?
answers: text: surrounding countries

question: How many people were affected by the 2008 cholera epidemic?
answers: text: 14,222
context: Despite lowering rates in surrounding countries, cholera rates were reported in November 2012 to be on the rise, with 1,500 cases reported and nine deaths. A 2008 cholera epidemic in Guinea-Bissau affected 14,222 people and killed 225.

qas: question: What was the 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births?
answers: text: 1000

question: What was the 1990 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births?
answers: text: 966

question: How many midwives are listed per 1,000 live births?
answers: text: 3

question: How many pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy?
answers: text: one out of eighteen

question: According to UNICEF, what percentage of women in Guinea-Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation?
answers: text: 50%
context: The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Guinea Bissau was 1000. This compares with 804.3 in 2008 and 966 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births, was 195 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality was 24. The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was 3; one out of eighteen pregnant women die as a result of pregnancy. According to a 2013 UNICEF report, 50% of women in Guinea Bissau had undergone female genital mutilation. In 2010, Guinea Bissau had the 7th highest maternal mortality rate in the world.

qas: question: What are the ages when education is compulsory?
answers: text: 7 to 13

question: What gender has a higher enrollment?
answers: text: boys

question: What was the gross primary enrollment rate in 1998?
answers: text: 53.5%

question: What was the gross primary enrollment rate for males?
answers: text: 67.7%

question: What was the gross primary enrollment rate for females?
answers: text: 40%
context: Education is compulsory from the age of 7 to 13. The enrollment of boys is higher than that of girls. In 1998, the gross primary enrollment rate was 53.5%, with higher enrollment ratio for males (67.7%) compared to females (40%).

qas: question: What type of secondary schools does Guinea-Bissau have?
answers: text: general as well as technical

question: What institutions have added a Faculty of Law?
answers: text: universities

question: What institutions have added a Faculty of Medicine?
answers: text: universities

question: What two words are used to describe the Faculty of Law and Faculty of Medicine?
answers: text: institutionally autonomous
context: Guinea-Bissau has several secondary schools (general as well as technical) and a number of universities, to which an institutionally autonomous Faculty of Law as well as a Faculty of Medicine have been added.

qas: question: What music genre is usually associated with Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: gumbe

question: What is considered the country's primary musical export?
answers: text: the polyrhythmic gumbe genre

question: What major factor has kept gumbe out of mainstream audiences?
answers: text: civil unrest

question: What other type of countries has gumbe been kept out of?
answers: text: generally syncretist African countries
context: The music of Guinea-Bissau is usually associated with the polyrhythmic gumbe genre, the country's primary musical export. However, civil unrest and other factors have combined over the years to keep gumbe, and other genres, out of mainstream audiences, even in generally syncretist African countries.

qas: question: What is the primary instrument of Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: The calabash

question: What type of music is the calabash used in?
answers: text: extremely swift and rhythmically complex dance music

question: What language are lyrics typically sung in?
answers: text: Guinea-Bissau Creole

question: What do typical song lyrics revolve around?
answers: text: current events and controversies

question: What is the main controversy found in song lyrics?
answers: text: AIDS
context: The calabash is the primary musical instrument of Guinea-Bissau, and is used in extremely swift and rhythmically complex dance music. Lyrics are almost always in Guinea-Bissau Creole, a Portuguese-based creole language, and are often humorous and topical, revolving around current events and controversies, especially AIDS.

qas: question: What is sometimes used as a generic word for any music of Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: gumbe

question: Gumbe fuses how many of the country's folk music traditions?
answers: text: about ten

question: Other than gumbe, what are two popular music genres?
answers: text: Tina and tinga

question: What sound comes from the Bissagos Islands?
answers: text: kundere

question: What type of tradition includes ceremonial music used in funerals?
answers: text: folk
context: The word gumbe is sometimes used generically, to refer to any music of the country, although it most specifically refers to a unique style that fuses about ten of the country's folk music traditions. Tina and tinga are other popular genres, while extent folk traditions include ceremonial music used in funerals, initiations and other rituals, as well as Balanta brosca and kussundé, Mandinga djambadon, and the kundere sound of the Bissagos Islands.

qas: question: What grain is a staple for residents near the coast of Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: Rice

question: What grain is a staple for residents in the interior of Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: millet

question: Who encouraged peanut production in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: The Portuguese

question: What type of oil is harvested?
answers: text: Palm

question: What kind of pea is part of the diet in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: Black-eyed peas
context: Rice is a staple in the diet of residents near the coast and millet a staple in the interior. Fish, shellfish, fruits and vegetables are commonly eaten along with cereal grains, milk, curd and whey. The Portuguese encouraged peanut production. Vigna subterranea (Bambara groundnut) and Macrotyloma geocarpum (Hausa groundnut) are also grown. Black-eyed peas are also part of the diet. Palm oil is harvested.

qas: question: What are common dishes in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: soups and stews

question: What are common ingredients in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: yams, sweet potato, cassava, onion, tomato and plantain

question: What are spices, peppers and chilis used in?
answers: text: cooking

question: What is another name for Guinea pepper?
answers: text: Aframomum melegueta seeds

question: What are Guinea peppers used in?
answers: text: cooking
context: Common dishes include soups and stews. Common ingredients include yams, sweet potato, cassava, onion, tomato and plantain. Spices, peppers and chilis are used in cooking, including Aframomum melegueta seeds (Guinea pepper).

qas: question: Who is an internationally renowned film director from Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: Flora Gomes

question: What is Flora Gomes' most famous film?
answers: text: Nha Fala (English: My Voice)

question: What year was the first feature film made in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: 1987

question: Who directed the first feature film in Guinea-Bissau?
answers: text: Umban u’Kest

question: What prize did the film Mortu Nega win?
answers: text: Oumarou Ganda Prize
context: Flora Gomes is an internationally renowned film director; his most famous film is Nha Fala (English: My Voice). Gomes's Mortu Nega (Death Denied) (1988) was the first fiction film and the second feature film ever made in Guinea-Bissau. (The first feature film was N’tturudu, by director Umban u’Kest in 1987.) At FESPACO 1989, Mortu Nega won the prestigious Oumarou Ganda Prize. Mortu Nega is in Creole with English subtitles. In 1992, Gomes directed Udju Azul di Yonta, which was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1992 Cannes Film Festival. Gomes has also served on the boards of many Africa-centric film festivals.