Josip_Broz_Tito

qas: question: In what year did Josip Broz Tito die?
answers: text: 1980

question: During World War II what resistance movement did he lead?
answers: text: the Partisans,

question: For what country is Tito viewed as  unifying figure?
answers: text: Yugoslavia

question: In the Non-Aligned Movement, which Egyptian leader did Tito work with?
answers: text: Gamal Abdel Nasser

question: In the Non-Aligned Movement, which Indonesian leader did Tito work with?
answers: text: Sukarno
context: Josip Broz Tito (Cyrillic: Јосип Броз Тито, pronounced [jǒsip brôːz tîto]; born Josip Broz; 7 May 1892[nb 1] – 4 May 1980) was a Yugoslav revolutionary and statesman, serving in various roles from 1943 until his death in 1980. During World War II he was the leader of the Partisans, often regarded as the most effective resistance movement in occupied Europe. While his presidency has been criticized as authoritarian, and concerns about the repression of political opponents have been raised, Tito was "seen by most as a benevolent dictator" due to his economic and diplomatic policies. He was a popular public figure both in Yugoslavia and abroad. Viewed as a unifying symbol, his internal policies maintained the peaceful coexistence of the nations of the Yugoslav federation. He gained further international attention as the chief leader of the Non-Aligned Movement, working with Jawaharlal Nehru of India, Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt and Sukarno of Indonesia.

qas: question: What position in the League of Communists of Yugoslavia was Tito?
answers: text: General Secretary

question: What position in Yugoslavia's government did Tito hold from 1944-63?
answers: text: Prime Minister

question: How many foreign decorations did he receive?
answers: text: 98

question: What foreign decorations did Tito recieve?
answers: text: Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath

question: During what years did Tito lead the Partisans?
answers: text: 1941–45
context: He was General Secretary (later Chairman of the Presidium) of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1939–80), and went on to lead the World War II Yugoslav guerrilla movement, the Partisans (1941–45). After the war, he was the Prime Minister (1944–63), President (later President for Life) (1953–80) of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). From 1943 to his death in 1980, he held the rank of Marshal of Yugoslavia, serving as the supreme commander of the Yugoslav military, the Yugoslav People's Army (JNA). With a highly favourable reputation abroad in both Cold War blocs, Josip Broz Tito received some 98 foreign decorations, including the Legion of Honour and the Order of the Bath.

qas: question: What ethnicity was Tito's mother?
answers: text: Slovene

question: What ethnicity was Tito's father?
answers: text: Croat

question: Who captured him during World War I?
answers: text: the Imperial Russians

question: Tito joined which unit in Omsk?
answers: text: Red Guard

question: What party in Yugoslavia did he join?
answers: text: Communist Party
context: Josip Broz was born to a Croat father and Slovene mother in the village of Kumrovec, Croatia. Drafted into military service, he distinguished himself, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army of that time. After being seriously wounded and captured by the Imperial Russians during World War I, Josip was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains. He participated in the October Revolution, and later joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Upon his return home, Broz found himself in the newly established Kingdom of Yugoslavia, where he joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ).

qas: question: When did the second Yugoslavia start?
answers: text: 1943

question: What group did Tito found?
answers: text: Cominform

question: When did Tito implement a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist coutnries?
answers: text: 1951

question: When did Yugoslavia disintegrate?
answers: text: 1991
context: Tito was the chief architect of the second Yugoslavia, a socialist federation that lasted from 1943 to 1991–92. Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, soon he became the first Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony and the only one to manage to leave Cominform and begin with its own socialist program. Tito was a backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as "national communism"). In 1951 he implemented a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist countries. A turn towards a model of market socialism brought economic expansion in the 1950s and 1960s and a decline during the 1970s. His internal policies included the suppression of nationalist sentiment and the promotion of the "brotherhood and unity" of the six Yugoslav nations. After Tito's death in 1980, tensions between the Yugoslav republics emerged and in 1991 the country disintegrated and went into a series of wars and unrest that lasted the rest of the decade, and which continue to impact most of the former Yugoslav republics. He remains a very controversial figure in the Balkans.

qas: question: Where was Josip Broz born?
answers: text: Kumrovec

question: In what year was Broz born?
answers: text: 1892

question: What ethnicity was Broz's father?
answers: text: Croat

question: What ethnicity was Broz's mother?
answers: text: Slovene

question: What grade did he fail?
answers: text: 2nd
context: Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892 in Kumrovec, in the northern Croatian region of Hrvatsko Zagorje in Austria-Hungary.[nb 1] He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz. His father, Franjo Broz (26 November 1860 – 16 December 1936), was a Croat, while his mother Marija (25 March 1864 – 14 January 1918), was a Slovene. His parents were married on 21 January 1891. After spending part of his childhood years with his maternal grandfather Martin Javeršek in the Slovenian village of Podsreda, he entered primary school in 1900 at Kumrovec, he failed the 2nd grade and graduated in 1905. In 1907 he moved out of the rural environment and started working as a machinist's apprentice in Sisak. There, he became aware of the labour movement and celebrated 1 May – Labour Day for the first time. In 1910, he joined the union of metallurgy workers and at the same time the Social-Democratic Party of Croatia and Slavonia. Between 1911 and 1913, Broz worked for shorter periods in Kamnik (1911–1912, factory "Titan"), Cenkov, Munich and Mannheim, where he worked for the Benz car factory; then he went to Wiener Neustadt, Austria, and worked as a test driver for Daimler.

qas: question: When was he conscripted into the army?
answers: text: 1913

question: What position in the army did he become after office school?
answers: text: sergeant

question: What competition did he win a silver medal in?
answers: text: fencing

question: For what crime was he arrested?
answers: text: anti-war propaganda

question: Where was Tito serioiusly wounded and captured by the Russians at?
answers: text: Bukovina
context: In the autumn of 1913, he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian Army. He was sent to a school for non-commissioned officers and became a sergeant, serving in the 25th Croatian Regiment based in Zagreb. In May 1914, Broz won a silver medal at an army fencing competition in Budapest. At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, he was sent to Ruma, where he was arrested for anti-war propaganda and imprisoned in the Petrovaradin fortress. In January 1915, he was sent to the Eastern Front in Galicia to fight against Russia. He distinguished himself as a capable soldier, becoming the youngest Sergeant Major in the Austro-Hungarian Army. For his bravery in the face of the enemy, he was recommended for the Silver Bravery Medal but was taken prisoner of war before it could be formally presented. On 25 March 1915, while in Bukovina, he was seriously wounded and captured by the Russians.

qas: question: How long was Broz in the hospital?
answers: text: 13 months

question: Where was Broz's work camp?
answers: text: Ural Mountains

question: What position was he selected for at work camp?
answers: text: camp leader

question: Where did Broz flee to after a White counteroffensive?
answers: text: Kirgiziya

question: Where did Broz marry Belousova?
answers: text: Omsk
context: After 13 months at the hospital, Broz was sent to a work camp in the Ural Mountains where prisoners selected him for their camp leader. In February 1917, revolting workers broke into the prison and freed the prisoners. Broz subsequently joined a Bolshevik group. In April 1917, he was arrested again but managed to escape and participate in the July Days demonstrations in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) on 16–17 July 1917. On his way to Finland, Broz was caught and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress for three weeks. He was again sent to Kungur, but escaped from the train. He hid with a Russian family in Omsk, Siberia where he met his future wife Pelagija Belousova. After the October Revolution, he joined a Red Guard unit in Omsk. Following a White counteroffensive, he fled to Kirgiziya and subsequently returned to Omsk, where he married Belousova. In the spring of 1918, he joined the Yugoslav section of the Russian Communist Party. By June of the same year, Broz left Omsk to find work and support his family, and was employed as a mechanic near Omsk for a year.

qas: question: How many seats did the Communists win in 1920 Yugoslavia?
answers: text: 59

question: Who was elected mayor of Zagreb after the Communists won 59 parliamentary seats?
answers: text: Svetozar Delić

question: Where did Broz move in 1921?
answers: text: Veliko Trojstvo

question: How long was he in prison at Lepoglava for?
answers: text: five years

question: Who became his ideological mentor in prison?
answers: text: Moša Pijade,
context: In January 1920, Tito and his wife made a long and difficult journey home to Yugoslavia where he arrived in September. Upon his return, Broz joined the Communist Party of Yugoslavia. The CPY's influence on the political life of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was growing rapidly. In the 1920 elections the Communists won 59 seats in the parliament and became the third strongest party. Winning numerous local elections, they gained a stronghold in the second largest city of Zagreb, electing Svetozar Delić for mayor. After the assassination of Milorad Drašković, the Yugoslav Minister of the Interior, by a young communist on 2 August 1921, the CPY was declared illegal under the Yugoslav State Security Act of 1921. During 1920 and 1921 all Communist-won mandates were nullified. Broz continued his work underground despite pressure on Communists from the government. As 1921 began he moved to Veliko Trojstvo near Bjelovar and found work as a machinist. In 1925, Broz moved to Kraljevica where he started working at a shipyard. He was elected as a union leader and a year later he led a shipyard strike. He was fired and moved to Belgrade, where he worked in a train coach factory in Smederevska Palanka. He was elected as Workers' Commissary but was fired as soon as his CPY membership was revealed. Broz then moved to Zagreb, where he was appointed secretary of Metal Workers' Union of Croatia. In 1928, he became the Zagreb Branch Secretary of the CPY. In the same year he was arrested, tried in court for his illegal communist activities, and sent to jail. During his five years at Lepoglava prison he met Moša Pijade, who became his ideological mentor. After his release, he lived incognito and assumed numerous noms de guerre, among them "Walter" and "Tito".

qas: question: When was Tito sent to Vienna?
answers: text: 1934

question: Who did Stalin have murdered in 1937?
answers: text: Milan Gorkić

question: Where was the Secretary-General of the CPY murdered?
answers: text: Moscow

question: Who became Secretary-General of the CPY after the prior one was murdered?
answers: text: Tito

question: Who is known as "Comrade Walter"?
answers: text: Tito
context: In 1934 the Zagreb Provincial Committee sent Tito to Vienna where all the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had sought refuge. He was appointed to the Committee and started to appoint allies to him, among them Edvard Kardelj, Milovan Đilas, Aleksandar Ranković and Boris Kidrič. In 1935, Tito travelled to the Soviet Union, working for a year in the Balkans section of Comintern. He was a member of the Soviet Communist Party and the Soviet secret police (NKVD). Tito was also involved in recruiting for the Dimitrov Battalion, a group of volunteers serving in the Spanish Civil War. In 1936, the Comintern sent "Comrade Walter" (i.e. Tito) back to Yugoslavia to purge the Communist Party there. In 1937, Stalin had the Secretary-General of the CPY, Milan Gorkić, murdered in Moscow. Subsequently Tito was appointed Secretary-General of the still-outlawed CPY.

qas: question: When did German forces launch an invasion of Yugoslavia?
answers: text: 6 April 1941

question: Which king fled the country in 1941?
answers: text: King Peter II

question: What did Tito use to get the people to unit in a battle against the occupation in 1941?
answers: text: pamphlet

question: What position was Tito appointed to in 1941 by the Central Committee?
answers: text: Chief of all project national liberation military forces.

question: In 1941, where did representatives of the government and military meet with German officials?
answers: text: Belgrade
context: On 6 April 1941, German forces, with Hungarian and Italian assistance, launched an invasion of Yugoslavia. On 10 April 1941, Slavko Kvaternik proclaimed the Independent State of Croatia, and Tito responded by forming a Military Committee within the Central Committee of the Yugoslav Communist Party. Attacked from all sides, the armed forces of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia quickly crumbled. On 17 April 1941, after King Peter II and other members of the government fled the country, the remaining representatives of the government and military met with the German officials in Belgrade. They quickly agreed to end military resistance. On 1 May 1941, Tito issued a pamphlet calling on the people to unite in a battle against the occupation. On 27 June 1941, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia appointed Tito Commander in Chief of all project national liberation military forces. On 1 July 1941, the Comintern sent precise instructions calling for immediate action.

qas: question: Who succeeded in liberating territory despite conflicts?
answers: text: Partisans

question: Who did the Partisans have conflicts with?
answers: text: Chetnik movement

question: Which Chetnik leader did Tito hold talks with?
answers: text: Draža Mihailović

question: Which group did Tito order his forces to assist?
answers: text: escaping Jews,

question: 2000 of what group fought directly for Tito?
answers: text: Jews
context: Despite conflicts with the rival monarchic Chetnik movement, Tito's Partisans succeeded in liberating territory, notably the "Republic of Užice". During this period, Tito held talks with Chetnik leader Draža Mihailović on 19 September and 27 October 1941. It is said that Tito ordered his forces to assist escaping Jews, and that more than 2,000 Jews fought directly for Tito.

qas: question: When did the Partisans create the First Proletarian Brigade?
answers: text: 1941

question: When did Tito create the Second Proletarian Brigade?
answers: text: 1942

question: What position was Tito named to for the National Committee of LIberation?
answers: text: President

question: Where was the 67-member "presidency" located?
answers: text: Jajce

question: How many members were in the "presidency" in Jajce?
answers: text: 67
context: On 21 December 1941, the Partisans created the First Proletarian Brigade (commanded by Koča Popović) and on 1 March 1942, Tito created the Second Proletarian Brigade. In liberated territories, the Partisans organised People's Committees to act as civilian government. The Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ) convened in Bihać on 26–27 November 1942 and in Jajce on 29 November 1943. In the two sessions, the resistance representatives established the basis for post-war organisation of the country, deciding on a federation of the Yugoslav nations. In Jajce, a 67-member "presidency" was elected and established a nine-member National Committee of Liberation (five communist members) as a de facto provisional government. Tito was named President of the National Committee of Liberation.

qas: question: Who diverted resources to the destruction of the Partisans?
answers: text: Axis

question: Who was the opponent of the Allies?
answers: text: Axis

question: Which group of people wanted to capture Tito personally?
answers: text: German

question: In 1944 where did Tito manage to avoid the Germans?
answers: text: Drvar

question: What type of assault was there in Bosnia?
answers: text: airborne
context: With the growing possibility of an Allied invasion in the Balkans, the Axis began to divert more resources to the destruction of the Partisans main force and its high command. This meant, among other things, a concerted German effort to capture Josip Broz Tito personally. On 25 May 1944, he managed to evade the Germans after the Raid on Drvar (Operation Rösselsprung), an airborne assault outside his Drvar headquarters in Bosnia.

qas: question: Who was attacking the Partisans in 1943?
answers: text: Axis

question: From whom did Allied leaders switch their support from to Tito?
answers: text: Draža Mihailović

question: Who was the Soviet Premier who recognized Tito?
answers: text: Stalin

question: At what event was Tito recognized by Stalin?
answers: text: Tehran Conference

question: When was the Balkan air force formed?
answers: text: 1944
context: After the Partisans managed to endure and avoid these intense Axis attacks between January and June 1943, and the extent of Chetnik collaboration became evident, Allied leaders switched their support from Draža Mihailović to Tito. King Peter II, American President Franklin Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill joined Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in officially recognising Tito and the Partisans at the Tehran Conference. This resulted in Allied aid being parachuted behind Axis lines to assist the Partisans. On 17 June 1944 on the Dalmatian island of Vis, the Treaty of Vis (Viški sporazum) was signed in an attempt to merge Tito's government (the AVNOJ) with the government in exile of King Peter II. The Balkan Air Force was formed in June 1944 to control operations that were mainly aimed at aiding his forces.

qas: question: Who was Tito considered loyal to?
answers: text: Moscow

question: Who was Tito considered second to in the Eastern bloc?
answers: text: Stalin

question: With whom did Tito have an uneasy alliance form the start?
answers: text: Stalin

question: Who considered Tito too independent?
answers: text: Stalin

question: Who was considered loyal to Moscow?
answers: text: Tito
context: In the first post war years Tito was widely considered a communist leader very loyal to Moscow, indeed, he was often viewed as second only to Stalin in the Eastern Bloc. In fact, Stalin and Tito had an uneasy alliance from the start, with Stalin considering Tito too independent.

qas: question: In 1944 who called on all Yuboslavs to come together under Tito's leadership?
answers: text: King Peter II

question: With whom did Tito sign an agreement on September 28 1944?
answers: text: Soviet Union

question: Who were allowed "temporary entry" into Yugoslav territory?
answers: text: Soviet troops

question: Who assisted in operations in ortheastern areas of Yugoslavia?
answers: text: Red Army

question: Who executed a massive offensive and succeeded in breaking through German lines?
answers: text: the Partisans
context: On 12 September 1944, King Peter II called on all Yugoslavs to come together under Tito's leadership and stated that those who did not were "traitors", by which time Tito was recognized by all Allied authorities (including the government-in-exile) as the Prime Minister of Yugoslavia, in addition to commander-in-chief of the Yugoslav forces. On 28 September 1944, the Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS) reported that Tito signed an agreement with the Soviet Union allowing "temporary entry" of Soviet troops into Yugoslav territory which allowed the Red Army to assist in operations in the northeastern areas of Yugoslavia. With their strategic right flank secured by the Allied advance, the Partisans prepared and executed a massive general offensive which succeeded in breaking through German lines and forcing a retreat beyond Yugoslav borders. After the Partisan victory and the end of hostilities in Europe, all external forces were ordered off Yugoslav territory.

qas: question: Who offered amnesty to the retreatig column? 
answers: text: Tito

question: Who dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters prohibiting the execution of prisoners of war?
answers: text: Tito

question: In the final days of WWII in Yugoslavia, who were responsible for atrocities?
answers: text: Partisans

question: What did Tito offer to the retreating column?
answers: text: amnesty

question: Where were possible suspects transferred to?
answers: text: military court.
context: In the final days of World War II in Yugoslavia, units of the Partisans were responsible for atrocities after the repatriations of Bleiburg, and accusations of culpability were later raised at the Yugoslav leadership under Tito. At the time, Josip Broz Tito repeatedly issued calls for surrender to the retreating column, offering amnesty and attempting to avoid a disorderly surrender. On 14 May he dispatched a telegram to the supreme headquarters Slovene Partisan Army prohibiting "in the sternest language" the execution of prisoners of war and commanding the transfer of the possible suspects to a military court.

qas: question: Where was the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia assembled?
answers: text: Belgrade

question: When was the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia assembled?
answers: text: 7 March 1945

question: Who Where assembled the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia?
answers: text: Tito

question: Who was seen as the liberator of Yugoslavia?
answers: text: Tito

question: Who was formally deposed by the Yugoslav Constitutent Assembly on November 29, 1945?
answers: text: King Peter II
context: On 7 March 1945, the provisional government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia (Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija, DFY) was assembled in Belgrade by Josip Broz Tito, while the provisional name allowed for either a republic or monarchy. This government was headed by Tito as provisional Yugoslav Prime Minister and included representatives from the royalist government-in-exile, among others Ivan Šubašić. In accordance with the agreement between resistance leaders and the government-in-exile, post-war elections were held to determine the form of government. In November 1945, Tito's pro-republican People's Front, led by the Communist Party of Yugoslavia, won the elections with an overwhelming majority, the vote having been boycotted by monarchists. During the period, Tito evidently enjoyed massive popular support due to being generally viewed by the populace as the liberator of Yugoslavia. The Yugoslav administration in the immediate post-war period managed to unite a country that had been severely affected by ultra-nationalist upheavals and war devastation, while successfully suppressing the nationalist sentiments of the various nations in favor of tolerance, and the common Yugoslav goal. After the overwhelming electoral victory, Tito was confirmed as the Prime Minister and the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the DFY. The country was soon renamed the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia (FPRY) (later finally renamed into Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, SFRY). On 29 November 1945, King Peter II was formally deposed by the Yugoslav Constituent Assembly. The Assembly drafted a new republican constitution soon afterwards.

qas: question: What was formed as the new secret police?
answers: text: The State Security Administration

question: Who was charged with brining to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators?
answers: text: Yugoslav intelligence

question: Who were controversial among those brought to trial for Nazi collaboration?
answers: text: Catholic clergymen

question: Who was found guilty of collaboration, high treason?
answers: text: Draža Mihailović

question: How was Draza executed?
answers: text: firing squad
context: Yugoslavia organized the Yugoslav People's Army (Jugoslavenska narodna armija, or JNA) from the Partisan movement and became the fourth strongest army in Europe at the time. The State Security Administration (Uprava državne bezbednosti/sigurnosti/varnosti, UDBA) was also formed as the new secret police, along with a security agency, the Department of People's Security (Organ Zaštite Naroda (Armije), OZNA). Yugoslav intelligence was charged with imprisoning and bringing to trial large numbers of Nazi collaborators; controversially, this included Catholic clergymen due to the widespread involvement of Croatian Catholic clergy with the Ustaša regime. Draža Mihailović was found guilty of collaboration, high treason and war crimes and was subsequently executed by firing squad in July 1946.

qas: question: Who was the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?
answers: text: Aloysius Stepinac

question: How long after his release from imprisonment did TIto attend the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia?
answers: text: two days

question: What topic was a sticking point at the Bishops' Conference?
answers: text: Catholic Church

question: Under whose leadership did the bishops' conference release a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes?
answers: text: Stepinac

question: What was Stepinac's sentence shortened to?
answers: text: house-arrest
context: Prime Minister Josip Broz Tito met with the president of the Bishops' Conference of Yugoslavia, Aloysius Stepinac on 4 June 1945, two days after his release from imprisonment. The two could not reach an agreement on the state of the Catholic Church. Under Stepinac's leadership, the bishops' conference released a letter condemning alleged Partisan war crimes in September, 1945. The following year Stepinac was arrested and put on trial. In October 1946, in its first special session for 75 years, the Vatican excommunicated Tito and the Yugoslav government for sentencing Stepinac to 16 years in prison on charges of assisting Ustaše terror and of supporting forced conversions of Serbs to Catholicism. Stepinac received preferential treatment in recognition of his status and the sentence was soon shortened and reduced to house-arrest, with the option of emigration open to the archbishop. At the conclusion of the "Informbiro period", reforms rendered Yugoslavia considerably more religiously liberal than the Eastern Bloc states.

qas: question: Who had a leading role in liberating Yugoslavia?
answers: text: Tito

question: Who was Tito formally an ally of after WWII?
answers: text: Stalin

question: Who set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party?
answers: text: Soviets

question: As early as what year was a spy ring set up in the Yugoslav party?
answers: text: 1945

question: From what domination did Yugoslavia liberate itself?
answers: text: Axis
context: Unlike other new communist states in east-central Europe, Yugoslavia liberated itself from Axis domination with limited direct support from the Red Army. Tito's leading role in liberating Yugoslavia not only greatly strengthened his position in his party and among the Yugoslav people, but also caused him to be more insistent that Yugoslavia had more room to follow its own interests than other Bloc leaders who had more reasons (and pressures) to recognize Soviet efforts in helping them liberate their own countries from Axis control. Although Tito was formally an ally of Stalin after World War II, the Soviets had set up a spy ring in the Yugoslav party as early as 1945, giving way to an uneasy alliance.[citation needed]

qas: question: What Italian territory did Yugoslavia acquire after the war?
answers: text: Istria

question: What territory did Yugoslavia leadership want to incorporate?
answers: text: Trieste

question: At least how many American aircraft were shot down between 1945 and 1948?
answers: text: four

question: Who openly supported the Communist side in the Greek Civil War?
answers: text: Tito

question: In what year did Tito model his economic development plan independently from Moscow?
answers: text: 1948
context: In the immediate aftermath of World War II, there occurred several armed incidents between Yugoslavia and the Western Allies. Following the war, Yugoslavia acquired the Italian territory of Istria as well as the cities of Zadar and Rijeka. Yugoslav leadership was looking to incorporate Trieste into the country as well, which was opposed by the Western Allies. This led to several armed incidents, notably attacks by Yugoslav fighter planes on US transport aircraft, causing bitter criticism from the west. From 1945 to 1948, at least four US aircraft were shot down.[better source needed] Stalin was opposed to these provocations, as he felt the USSR unready to face the West in open war so soon after the losses of World War II and at the time when US had operational nuclear weapons whereas USSR had yet to conduct its first test. In addition, Tito was openly supportive of the Communist side in the Greek Civil War, while Stalin kept his distance, having agreed with Churchill not to pursue Soviet interests there, although he did support the Greek communist struggle politically, as demonstrated in several assemblies of the UN Security Council. In 1948, motivated by the desire to create a strong independent economy, Tito modeled his economic development plan independently from Moscow, which resulted in a diplomatic escalation followed by a bitter exchange of letters in which Tito affirmed that

qas: question: Tito did not attend the second meeting of this.
answers: text: Cominform

question: In what year did the crisis nearly escalate into armed conflict?
answers: text: 1949

question: What was the name of those purged in other socialist states in Eastern Europe?
answers: text: Titoists

question: Who made several assasination attempts on Tito?
answers: text: Stalin
context: The Soviet answer on 4 May admonished Tito and the Communist Party of Yugoslavia (CPY) for failing to admit and correct its mistakes, and went on to accuse them of being too proud of their successes against the Germans, maintaining that the Red Army had saved them from destruction. Tito's response on 17 May suggested that the matter be settled at the meeting of the Cominform to be held that June. However, Tito did not attend the second meeting of the Cominform, fearing that Yugoslavia was to be openly attacked. In 1949 the crisis nearly escalated into an armed conflict, as Hungarian and Soviet forces were massing on the northern Yugoslav frontier. On 28 June, the other member countries expelled Yugoslavia, citing "nationalist elements" that had "managed in the course of the past five or six months to reach a dominant position in the leadership" of the CPY. The assumption in Moscow was that once it was known that he had lost Soviet approval, Tito would collapse; 'I will shake my little finger and there will be no more Tito,' Stalin remarked. The expulsion effectively banished Yugoslavia from the international association of socialist states, while other socialist states of Eastern Europe subsequently underwent purges of alleged "Titoists". Stalin took the matter personally and arranged several assassination attempts on Tito, none of which succeeded. In a correspondence between the two leaders, Tito openly wrote:

qas: question: Whose methods did Tito use to fight Yugoslav Stalinists?
answers: text: Stalin

question: Who used inhumane methods against oponents through the UBDA?
answers: text: Ranković

question: Until what year did the repression of the UBDA last?
answers: text: 1956

question: The work of the UBDA was due to tension between Yugoslavia and what country?
answers: text: Soviet Union

question: What is another name for the UBDA?
answers: text: State Security Service
context: One significant consequence of the tension arising between Yugoslavia and Soviet Union, was that Tito fought Yugoslav Stalinists with Stalin's methods. In other words, Aleksandar Ranković and the State Security Service (UBDA) employed the same inhumane methods against their opponents as Stalin did in the Soviet Union against his. Not every person accused of a political crime was convicted and nobody was sentenced to death for his or her pro-Soviet feelings. However this repression, which lasted until 1956, was marked by significant violations of human rights.

qas: question: Which country gave Yugoslavia aid when Tito became estranged from the USSR?
answers: text: US

question: What agency distributed aid to Yugoslavia?
answers: text: ECA

question: What plan was also administered by the ECA?
answers: text: Marshall Plan

question: Which leader feared that accepting American aid meant aligning with the West?
answers: text: Tito

question: In what year did Stalin die?
answers: text: 1953
context: Tito's estrangement from the USSR enabled Yugoslavia to obtain US aid via the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), the same US aid institution which administered the Marshall Plan. Still, he did not agree to align with the West, which was a common consequence of accepting American aid at the time. After Stalin's death in 1953, relations with the USSR were relaxed and he began to receive aid as well from the COMECON. In this way, Tito played East-West antagonism to his advantage. Instead of choosing sides, he was instrumental in kick-starting the Non-Aligned Movement, which would function as a 'third way' for countries interested in staying outside of the East-West divide.

qas: question: What name refers to the period of instability during the rift between Tito and the USSR?
answers: text: Informbiro

question: What was Tito's form of communism called?
answers: text: Titoism

question: Who encouraged purges against Titoites?
answers: text: Moscow

question: Throughout what area did purges of Titoites occur?
answers: text: Eastern bloc

question: Who became the first leader to defy Stalin's leadership?
answers: text: Tito
context: The event was significant not only for Yugoslavia and Tito, but also for the global development of socialism, since it was the first major split between Communist states, casting doubt on Comintern's claims for socialism to be a unified force that would eventually control the whole world, as Tito became the first (and the only successful) socialist leader to defy Stalin's leadership in the COMINFORM. This rift with the Soviet Union brought Tito much international recognition, but also triggered a period of instability often referred to as the Informbiro period. Tito's form of communism was labeled "Titoism" by Moscow, which encouraged purges against suspected "Titoites'" throughout the Eastern bloc.

qas: question: In what year did the National Assembly support a crucial bill about "self Management"?
answers: text: 1950

question: Who wrote the bill with Tito about "self management"?
answers: text: Milovan Đilas

question: Tito succeeded who as the President of Yugoslavia?
answers: text: Ribar

question: Whose invitation did Tito reject after Stalin's death?
answers: text: USSR

question: When did Tito visit the USSR to signal that his country's animosity was decreasing?
answers: text: 1956
context: On 26 June 1950, the National Assembly supported a crucial bill written by Milovan Đilas and Tito about "self-management" (samoupravljanje): a type of cooperative independent socialist experiment that introduced profit sharing and workplace democracy in previously state-run enterprises which then became the direct social ownership of the employees. On 13 January 1953, they established that the law on self-management was the basis of the entire social order in Yugoslavia. Tito also succeeded Ivan Ribar as the President of Yugoslavia on 14 January 1953. After Stalin's death Tito rejected the USSR's invitation for a visit to discuss normalization of relations between two nations. Nikita Khrushchev and Nikolai Bulganin visited Tito in Belgrade in 1955 and apologized for wrongdoings by Stalin's administration. Tito visited the USSR in 1956, which signaled to the world that animosity between Yugoslavia and USSR was easing. However, the relationship between the USSR and Yugoslavia would reach another low in the late 1960s. Commenting on the crisis, Tito concluded that:

qas: question: How many high-level Communists were purged in the Slansky trial?
answers: text: 14

question: How many Communists were executed at the Slansky trial?
answers: text: 11

question: What country had pressure put on it by Stalin to conduct purges?
answers: text: Czechoslovakia

question: Who espoused the "national path to socialism"?
answers: text: Tito

question: Who put pressure on Checkoslovakia to conduct purges?
answers: text: Stalin
context: The Tito-Stalin split had large ramifications for countries outside the USSR and Yugoslavia. It has, for example, been given as one of the reasons for the Slánský trial in Czechoslovakia, in which 14 high-level Communist officials were purged, with 11 of them being executed. Stalin put pressure on Czechoslovakia to conduct purges in order to discourage the spread of the idea of a "national path to socialism," which Tito espoused.

qas: question: Under whose leadership did Yugoslavia become a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement?
answers: text: Tito

question: In what year did Tito co-found the Non-Aligned Movement?
answers: text: 1961

question: Nasser led which country in 1961?
answers: text: Egypt

question: Which Indonesian leader co-founded the Non-Aligned movement with Tito?
answers: text: Nehru

question: Who became the first Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement?
answers: text: Tito
context: Under Tito's leadership, Yugoslavia became a founding member of the Non-Aligned Movement. In 1961, Tito co-founded the movement with Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, India's Jawaharlal Nehru, Indonesia's Sukarno and Ghana's Kwame Nkrumah, in an action called The Initiative of Five (Tito, Nehru, Nasser, Sukarno, Nkrumah), thus establishing strong ties with third world countries. This move did much to improve Yugoslavia's diplomatic position. On 1 September 1961, Josip Broz Tito became the first Secretary-General of the Non-Aligned Movement.

qas: question: When did Tito first visit Emperor Haile Selassie?
answers: text: 1954

question: When did Tito last visit Emperor Selassie?
answers: text: 1956

question: What country does Emperor Selassie rule?
answers: text: Ethiopia

question: In what country does Tito have a street named in his honor?
answers: text: Ethiopia

question: Who is the Emperor of Ethiopia in 1954?
answers: text: Selassie
context: Tito's foreign policy led to relationships with a variety of governments, such as exchanging visits (1954 and 1956) with Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, where a street was named in his honor.

qas: question: During what period did Tito pursue a policy of neutrality?
answers: text: Cold War

question: With whom did Tito's belief in self-determination cause a rift?
answers: text: Stalin

question: What type of countries did Tito develop relations with?
answers: text: developing

question: Who had a strong belief in self-determination and was opposed to Stalin because of this?
answers: text: Tito

question: Tito had cordial relations with the United States and what other Western area?
answers: text: Western European nations
context: Tito was notable for pursuing a foreign policy of neutrality during the Cold War and for establishing close ties with developing countries. Tito's strong belief in self-determination caused early rift with Stalin and consequently, the Eastern Bloc. His public speeches often reiterated that policy of neutrality and cooperation with all countries would be natural as long as these countries did not use their influence to pressure Yugoslavia to take sides. Relations with the United States and Western European nations were generally cordial.

qas: question: Nasser was a leader of what country?
answers: text: Egypt

question: Nehru was a leader of what country?
answers: text: Indian

question: Gandhi was a leader of what country?
answers: text: Indian

question: Eisenhower was a president of what country?
answers: text: U.S.

question: Nixon was a president of what country?
answers: text: U.S.
context: Yugoslavia had a liberal travel policy permitting foreigners to freely travel through the country and its citizens to travel worldwide, whereas it was limited by most Communist countries. A number[quantify] of Yugoslav citizens worked throughout Western Europe. Tito met many world leaders during his rule, such as Soviet rulers Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev and Leonid Brezhnev; Egypt's Gamal Abdel Nasser, Indian politicians Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi; British Prime Ministers Winston Churchill, James Callaghan and Margaret Thatcher; U.S. Presidents Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter; other political leaders, dignitaries and heads of state that Tito met at least once in his lifetime included Che Guevara, Fidel Castro, Yasser Arafat, Willy Brandt, Helmut Schmidt, Georges Pompidou, Queen Elizabeth II, Hua Guofeng, Kim Il Sung, Sukarno, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Suharto, Idi Amin, Haile Selassie, Kenneth Kaunda, Gaddafi, Erich Honecker, Nicolae Ceaușescu, János Kádár and Urho Kekkonen. He also met numerous celebrities.

qas: question: When did Tito first visit India?
answers: text: 1954

question: When did Tito leave India?
answers: text: 1955

question: After his return from where did Tito remove many restrictions on churches in Yugoslavia?
answers: text: India

question: Where did Tito visit from 1954 to 1955?
answers: text: India

question: After returning from India, Tito removed restrictions on what type of institutions?
answers: text: spiritual
context: Tito visited India from December 22, 1954 through January 8, 1955. After his return, he removed many restrictions on churches and spiritual institutions in Yugoslavia.

qas: question: What country did U Nu lead?
answers: text: Burma

question: Who was the leader of Burma in 1955?
answers: text: U Nu

question: Who succeeded U Nu in Burma?
answers: text: Ne Win

question: Ne Win led what country?
answers: text: Burma

question: Who led Burma in 1959?
answers: text: Ne Win
context: Tito also developed warm relations with Burma under U Nu, travelling to the country in 1955 and again in 1959, though he didn't receive the same treatment in 1959 from the new leader, Ne Win.

qas: question: What was the only Communist country allowed to have an embassy in Stroessner's Paraguay?
answers: text: Yugoslavia

question: Yugoslavia was the only communist country to have an embassy where?
answers: text: Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay

question: Pinochet ruled what country?
answers: text: Chile

question: Who did Pinochet overthrow?
answers: text: Allende

question: What country did Kjell Eugenio Laugerud Garcia lead?
answers: text: Guatemala
context: Because of its neutrality, Yugoslavia would often be rare among Communist countries to have diplomatic relations with right-wing, anti-Communist governments. For example, Yugoslavia was the only communist country allowed to have an embassy in Alfredo Stroessner's Paraguay. One notable exception to Yugoslavia's neutral stance toward anti-communist countries was Chile under Pinochet; Yugoslavia was one of many countries which severed diplomatic relations with Chile after Salvador Allende was overthrown. Yugoslavia also provided military aid and arms supplies to staunchly anti-Communist regimes such as that of Guatemala under Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García.

qas: question: When did Yugoslavia change its name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia?
answers: text: 7 April 1963

question: Two government ministers resigned over Tito's visit to what region?
answers: text: Americas

question: Eisenhower met Tito where in 1960?
answers: text: United Nations General Assembly meeting.

question: Who said that neutralism did not imply passivity but mean "not taking sides"?
answers: text: Tito

question: When did Tito meet Eisenhower at the U.N.?
answers: text: 1960
context: On 7 April 1963, the country changed its official name to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Reforms encouraged private enterprise and greatly relaxed restrictions on freedom of speech and religious expression. Tito subsequently went on a tour of the Americas. In Chile, two government ministers resigned over his visit to that country. In the autumn of 1960 Tito met President Dwight D. Eisenhower at the United Nations General Assembly meeting. Tito and Eisenhower discussed a range of issues from arms control to economic development. When Eisenhower remarked that Yugoslavia's neutralism was "neutral on his side", Tito replied that neutralism did not imply passivity but meant "not taking sides".

qas: question: What anti-communist archbisoph died in 1960?
answers: text: Stepinac

question: Stepinac's death gave new freedom to what branch of the Roman Catholic Church?
answers: text: Yugoslav

question: What agency had its staff reduced to 5000 after Lenninist orthodoxy was abandoned?
answers: text: UDBA

question: What acronym describes the State Security Administration?
answers: text: UDBA

question: What ideology did Tito abandon as part of his new socialism?
answers: text: Leninist
context: In 1966 an agreement with the Vatican, fostered in part by the death in 1960 of anti-communist archbishop of Zagreb Aloysius Stepinac and shifts in the church's approach to resisting communism originating in the Second Vatican Council, accorded new freedom to the Yugoslav Roman Catholic Church, particularly to catechize and open seminaries. The agreement also eased tensions, which had prevented the naming of new bishops in Yugoslavia since 1945. Tito's new socialism met opposition from traditional communists culminating in conspiracy headed by Aleksandar Ranković. In the same year Tito declared that Communists must henceforth chart Yugoslavia's course by the force of their arguments (implying an abandonment of Leninist orthodoxy and development of liberal Communism). The State Security Administration (UDBA) saw its power scaled back and its staff reduced to 5000.

qas: question: Who was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors?
answers: text: Yugoslavia

question: In what year did the first communist country open its borders to all foreign visitors?
answers: text: 1967

question: When did Tito start promoting a peaceful resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict?
answers: text: 1967

question: Whose plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained?
answers: text: Tito

question: In what year did Tito start working in Arab Israeli peace processes?
answers: text: 1967
context: On 1 January 1967, Yugoslavia was the first communist country to open its borders to all foreign visitors and abolish visa requirements. In the same year Tito became active in promoting a peaceful resolution of the Arab–Israeli conflict. His plan called for Arabs to recognize the state of Israel in exchange for territories Israel gained.

qas: question: What country did Dubcek lead?
answers: text: Czechoslovak

question: How much time did Tito give Dubcek to fly to Prague?
answers: text: three hours

question: Where did Tito send Dubcek in 1968?
answers: text: Prague

question: Who removed generals Gosnjak and Hamovic?
answers: text: Tito

question: What army was unprepared for the invasion of Czechoslovakia?
answers: text: Yugoslavia
context: In 1968, Tito offered Czechoslovak leader Alexander Dubček to fly to Prague on three hours notice if Dubček needed help in facing down the Soviets. In April 1969, Tito removed generals Ivan Gošnjak and Rade Hamović in the aftermath of the invasion of Czechoslovakia due to the unpreparedness of the Yugoslav army to respond to a similar invasion of Yugoslavia.

qas: question: In what year was Tito reelected president of Yugoslavia for the sixth time?
answers: text: 1971

question: Who elected Tito president in 1971?
answers: text: Federal Assembly

question: How many sweeping constitutional amendments did Tito introduce in 1971?
answers: text: 20

question: Who was chosen as a premier in 1971 in Yugoslavia?
answers: text: Bijedić

question: What branch of the Yugoslav government would retain control over foreign affairs, defense and internal security?
answers: text: federal
context: In 1971, Tito was re-elected as President of Yugoslavia by the Federal Assembly for the sixth time. In his speech before the Federal Assembly he introduced 20 sweeping constitutional amendments that would provide an updated framework on which the country would be based. The amendments provided for a collective presidency, a 22-member body consisting of elected representatives from six republics and two autonomous provinces. The body would have a single chairman of the presidency and chairmanship would rotate among six republics. When the Federal Assembly fails to agree on legislation, the collective presidency would have the power to rule by decree. Amendments also provided for stronger cabinet with considerable power to initiate and pursue legislature independently from the Communist Party. Džemal Bijedić was chosen as the Premier. The new amendments aimed to decentralize the country by granting greater autonomy to republics and provinces. The federal government would retain authority only over foreign affairs, defense, internal security, monetary affairs, free trade within Yugoslavia, and development loans to poorer regions. Control of education, healthcare, and housing would be exercised entirely by the governments of the republics and the autonomous provinces.

qas: question: What person's calls for unity is credited by western communists of holding together Yugoslavia?
answers: text: Tito

question: What was referred to as the "Mass Movement"?
answers: text: the Croatian Spring

question: When was the new Yugoslavian constitution passed?
answers: text: 16 May 1974

question: Who was named President for Life of Yugoslavia in 1974?
answers: text: Tito

question: How long did the person named "president for life" serve?
answers: text: five years.
context: Tito's greatest strength, in the eyes of the western communists, had been in suppressing nationalist insurrections and maintaining unity throughout the country. It was Tito's call for unity, and related methods, that held together the people of Yugoslavia. This ability was put to a test several times during his reign, notably during the Croatian Spring (also referred as the Masovni pokret, maspok, meaning "Mass Movement") when the government suppressed both public demonstrations and dissenting opinions within the Communist Party. Despite this suppression, much of maspok's demands were later realized with the new constitution, heavily backed by Tito himself against opposition from the Serbian branch of the party.[citation needed] On 16 May 1974, the new Constitution was passed, and the aging Tito was named president for life, a status which he would enjoy for five years.

qas: question: What flag did protesters of Tito often burn?
answers: text: Yugoslav

question: What did protesters scream during Tito's visit to the United Nations in the late 1970's?
answers: text: Tito murderer

question: Which authorities fielded complaints from TIto about protesters?
answers: text: United States authorities.

question: What American state did Tito visit when he saw the U.N.?
answers: text: New York

question: Security for Tito's visit was unusually high to keep Tito away from what individuals?
answers: text: protesters
context: Tito's visits to the United States avoided most of the Northeast due to large minorities of Yugoslav emigrants bitter about communism in Yugoslavia. Security for the state visits was usually high to keep him away from protesters, who would frequently burn the Yugoslav flag. During a visit to the United Nations in the late 1970s emigrants shouted "Tito murderer" outside his New York hotel, for which he protested to United States authorities.

qas: question: Where did Tito travel in 1977 to reconcile with Chinese leadership?
answers: text: Beijing

question: In what year did Tito travel to China to reconcile with Chinese leadership?
answers: text: 1977

question: What Chinese leader traveled to Yugoslavia in 1979?
answers: text: Chairman Hua Guofeng

question: After the constitutional changes made in what year did Tito reduce his role in the day-to-day running of the state.
answers: text: 1974

question: In what year did Tito travel to the U.S. to visit Washington D.C., amist protest by anti-communist Croat, Serb and Albanian groups?
answers: text: 1978
context: After the constitutional changes of 1974, Tito began reducing his role in the day-to-day running of the state. He continued to travel abroad and receive foreign visitors, going to Beijing in 1977 and reconciling with a Chinese leadership that had once branded him a revisionist. In turn, Chairman Hua Guofeng visited Yugoslavia in 1979. In 1978, Tito traveled to the U.S. During the visit strict security was imposed in Washington, D.C. owing to protests by anti-communist Croat, Serb and Albanian groups.

qas: question: During what year did Tito become increasingly ill?
answers: text: 1979

question: What was built near Morovic for Tito to use in the event of his recovery?
answers: text: Vila Srna

question: Where was Tito admitted on 7 January and again on 11 January 1980 with circulatory problems?
answers: text: the Medical Centre in Ljubljana

question: When did Tito die?
answers: text: 4 May 1980

question: Tito's cause of death was what?
answers: text: gangrene
context: Tito became increasingly ill over the course of 1979. During this time Vila Srna was built for his use near Morović in the event of his recovery. On 7 January and again on 11 January 1980, Tito was admitted to the Medical Centre in Ljubljana, the capital city of the SR Slovenia, with circulation problems in his legs. His left leg was amputated soon afterward due to arterial blockages and he died of gangrene at the Medical Centre Ljubljana on 4 May 1980 at 15:05, three days short of his 88th birthday. His funeral drew many world statesmen. Based on the number of attending politicians and state delegations, at the time it was the largest state funeral in history; this concentration of dignitaries would be unmatched until the funeral of Pope John Paul II in 2005 and the memorial service of Nelson Mandela in 2013. Those who attended included four kings, 31 presidents, six princes, 22 prime ministers and 47 ministers of foreign affairs. They came from both sides of the Cold War, from 128 different countries out of 154 UN members at the time.

qas: question: In what city was Tito interred?
answers: text: Belgrade

question: What museum was formerly called "Museum 25 May"?
answers: text: Museum of Yugoslav History

question: What name was given to Tito's mausoleum?
answers: text: House of Flowers

question: Who made the original print of Los Caprichos?
answers: text: Francisco Goya

question: After whose death did speculation begin concerning whether his successors could continue to hold Yugoslavia together?
answers: text: Tito
context: Tito was interred in a mausoleum in Belgrade, which forms part of a memorial complex in the grounds of the Museum of Yugoslav History (formerly called "Museum 25 May" and "Museum of the Revolution"). The actual mausoleum is called House of Flowers (Kuća Cveća) and numerous people visit the place as a shrine to "better times". The museum keeps the gifts Tito received during his presidency. The collection also includes original prints of Los Caprichos by Francisco Goya, and many others. The Government of Serbia has planned to merge it into the Museum of the History of Serbia. At the time of his death, speculation began about whether his successors could continue to hold Yugoslavia together. Ethnic divisions and conflict grew and eventually erupted in a series of Yugoslav wars a decade after his death.

qas: question: What name was changed to Titograd?
answers: text: Podgorica

question: When did Uziece revert to its original name?
answers: text: 1992

question: Where is the birthplace of Antun Augustincic?
answers: text: Kumrovec

question: What country is Stejpan Mesic president of?
answers: text: Croatian

question: Where is the largest Tito monument located?
answers: text: Slovenia
context: During his life and especially in the first year after his death, several places were named after Tito. Several of these places have since returned to their original names, such as Podgorica, formerly Titograd (though Podgorica's international airport is still identified by the code TGD), and Užice, formerly Titovo Užice, which reverted to its original name in 1992. Streets in Belgrade, the capital, have all reverted to their original pre–World War II and pre-communist names as well. In 2004, Antun Augustinčić's statue of Broz in his birthplace of Kumrovec was decapitated in an explosion. It was subsequently repaired. Twice in 2008, protests took place in Zagreb's Marshal Tito Square, organized by a group called Circle for the Square (Krug za Trg), with an aim to force the city government to rename it to its previous name, while a counter-protest by Citizens' Initiative Against Ustašism (Građanska inicijativa protiv ustaštva) accused the "Circle for the Square" of historical revisionism and neo-fascism. Croatian president Stjepan Mesić criticized the demonstration to change the name. In the Croatian coastal city of Opatija the main street (also its longest street) still bears the name of Marshal Tito, as do streets in numerous towns in Serbia, mostly in the country's north. One of the main streets in downtown Sarajevo is called Marshal Tito Street, and Tito's statue in a park in front of the university campus (ex. JNA barrack "Maršal Tito") in Marijin Dvor is a place where Bosnians and Sarajevans still today commemorate and pay tribute to Tito (image on the right). The largest Tito monument in the world, about 10 m (33 ft) high, is located at Tito Square (Slovene: Titov trg), the central square in Velenje, Slovenia. One of the main bridges in Slovenia's second largest city of Maribor is Tito Bridge (Titov most). The central square in Koper, the largest Slovenian port city, is as well named Tito Square.

qas: question: Where does the annual "Brotherhood and Unity" relay race end?
answers: text: "House of Flowers"

question: Where is the final resting place of Tito?
answers: text: Belgrade

question: Where is Tito's birthplace in Croatia?
answers: text: Kumrovec

question: How often is the "Brotherhood and Unity" relay race done?
answers: text: Every year

question: On what day in May does the "Brotherhood and Unity" relay race end?
answers: text: 25
context: Every year a "Brotherhood and Unity" relay race is organized in Montenegro, Macedonia and Serbia which ends at the "House of Flowers" in Belgrade on May 25 – the final resting place of Tito. At the same time, runners in Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina set off for Kumrovec, Tito's birthplace in northern Croatia. The relay is a left-over from Yugoslav times, when young people made a similar yearly trek on foot through Yugoslavia that ended in Belgrade with a massive celebration.

qas: question: On what year did a Slovenian court find a 2009 naming of a street after Tito to be unconstitutional?
answers: text: 2011

question: Where was the street named after Tito that was found unconstitutional located?
answers: text: Ljubljana

question: Several public area of Slovenia bear which person's name.
answers: text: Tito

question: Under which ruler do historians argue human rights were suppressed in Yugoslavia?
answers: text: Tito
context: In the years following the dissolution of Yugoslavia, some historians stated that human rights were suppressed in Yugoslavia under Tito, particularly in the first decade up until the Tito-Stalin split. On 4 October 2011, the Slovenian Constitutional Court found a 2009 naming of a street in Ljubljana after Tito to be unconstitutional. While several public areas in Slovenia (named during the Yugoslav period) do already bear Tito's name, on the issue of renaming an additional street the court ruled that:

qas: question: Tito Square is located in what Slovenian city?
answers: text: Velenje

question: How tall is the statue in Tito Square?
answers: text: 10-meter

question: Where is a 10-meter statue of Tito located?
answers: text: Tito Square

question: Where is Velenje located?
answers: text: Slovenia
context: The court, however, explicitly made it clear that the purpose of the review was "not a verdict on Tito as a figure or on his concrete actions, as well as not a historical weighing of facts and circumstances". Slovenia has several streets and squares named after Tito, notably Tito Square in Velenje, incorporating a 10-meter statue.

qas: question: What is the ethnic origin of the Danube Swabian people?
answers: text: German

question: Where is the location of the Danube Swabian population?
answers: text: Vojvodina

question: There were mass executions of Danube Swabian populations in what city?
answers: text: Vojvodina

question: Which group of people occupied Yugoslavia at the end of World War II?
answers: text: German

question: At the end of what World War did the Germans occupy Yugoslavia?
answers: text: World War II,
context: Tito has also been named as responsible for systematic eradication of the ethnic German (Danube Swabian) population in Vojvodina by expulsions and mass executions following the collapse of the German occupation of Yugoslavia at the end of World War II, in contrast to his inclusive attitude towards other Yugoslav nationalities.

qas: question: Where in Russia was Tito brought as a prisoner of war in 1918?
answers: text: Omsk

question: When was Tito brought to Russia as a prisoner of war?
answers: text: 1918

question: How old was Pelagija Belousava when Tito met her?
answers: text: thirteen

question: How many children did Pelagija bore for Tito?
answers: text: five

question: Who was the only surviving child of Tito's?
answers: text: Žarko Leon
context: Tito carried on numerous affairs and was married several times. In 1918 he was brought to Omsk, Russia, as a prisoner of war. There he met Pelagija Belousova who was then thirteen; he married her a year later, and she moved with him to Yugoslavia. Pelagija bore him five children but only their son Žarko Leon (born 4 February, 1924) survived. When Tito was jailed in 1928, she returned to Russia. After the divorce in 1936 she later remarried.

qas: question: Where is the Hotel Lux located in Russia?
answers: text: Moscow

question: When did Tito stay at the Hotel Lux?
answers: text: 1936

question: What is the name of the Austrian comrade Tito met in Moscow in 1936?
answers: text: Lucia Bauer

question: When did Tito marry Lucia Bauer?
answers: text: 1936

question: Tito's marriage to what person was later erased in records?
answers: text: Lucia Bauer
context: In 1936, when Tito stayed at the Hotel Lux in Moscow, he met the Austrian comrade Lucia Bauer. They married in October 1936, but the records of this marriage were later erased.

qas: question: Who did Tito marry in 1940?
answers: text: Herta Haas

question: When did Haas give birth to Tito's son?
answers: text: 1941

question: What was the name of Tito's son born to him and Haas?
answers: text: Aleksandar "Mišo" Broz

question: With whom did Tito have a parallel life during his marriage to Haas?
answers: text: Davorjanka Paunović

question: When did Davorjanka die of Tuberculosis?
answers: text: 1946
context: His next relationship was with Herta Haas, whom he married in 1940. Broz left for Belgrade after the April War, leaving Haas pregnant. In May 1941, she gave birth to their son, Aleksandar "Mišo" Broz. All throughout his relationship with Haas, Tito had maintained a promiscuous life and had a parallel relationship with Davorjanka Paunović, who, under the codename "Zdenka", served as a courier in the resistance and subsequently became his personal secretary. Haas and Tito suddenly parted company in 1943 in Jajce during the second meeting of AVNOJ after she reportedly walked in on him and Davorjanka. The last time Haas saw Broz was in 1946. Davorjanka died of tuberculosis in 1946 and Tito insisted that she be buried in the backyard of the Beli Dvor, his Belgrade residence.

qas: question: Who was Tito's best known wife?
answers: text: Jovanka Broz

question: How old was Jovanka Broz when she married Tito?
answers: text: 27

question: In what year did Tito and Jovanka marry?
answers: text: 1952

question: Who was the best man at the wedding of Jovanka and Tito?
answers: text: Aleksandar Ranković

question: Who went down in history as Yugoslavia's first lady?
answers: text: Jovanka
context: His best known wife was Jovanka Broz. Tito was just shy of his 59th birthday, while she was 27, when they finally married in April 1952, with state security chief Aleksandar Ranković as the best man. Their eventual marriage came about somewhat unexpectedly since Tito actually rejected her some years earlier when his confidante Ivan Krajacic brought her in originally. At that time, she was in her early 20s and Tito, objecting to her energetic personality, opted for the more mature opera singer Zinka Kunc instead. Not one to be discouraged easily, Jovanka continued working at Beli Dvor, where she managed the staff and eventually got another chance after Tito's strange relationship with Zinka failed. Since Jovanka was the only female companion he married while in power, she also went down in history as Yugoslavia's first lady. Their relationship was not a happy one, however. It had gone through many, often public, ups and downs with episodes of infidelities and even allegations of preparation for a coup d'état by the latter pair. Certain unofficial reports suggest Tito and Jovanka even formally divorced in the late 1970s, shortly before his death. However, during Tito's funeral she was officially present as his wife, and later claimed rights for inheritance. The couple did not have any children.

qas: question: Which of Tito's grandchildren is a theatre director?
answers: text: Aleksandra Broz

question: Which of Tito's grandchildren is a cardiologist and writer?
answers: text: Svetlana Broz

question: Where does Svetlana Broz live?
answers: text: Bosnia-Herzegovina

question: Where does Leksandra Broz live?
answers: text: Croatia

question: Where does Edvard Broz live?
answers: text: Bosnia-Herzegovina
context: Tito's notable grandchildren include Aleksandra Broz, a prominent theatre director in Croatia; Svetlana Broz, a cardiologist and writer in Bosnia-Herzegovina; and Josip "Joška" Broz, Edvard Broz and Natali Klasevski, an artisan of Bosnia-Herzegovina.

qas: question: What is the name of the official residence in Belgrade?
answers: text: Beli dvor

question: What islands were the site of the State Summer Residence from 1949 on?
answers: text: Brijuni

question: Who designed the pavilion at the State Summer Residence?
answers: text: Jože Plečnik

question: In what city was the official residence for Tito?
answers: text: Belgrade

question: Film stars including Elizabeth Taylor visited what island residence of Tito?
answers: text: State Summer Residence
context: As the President, Tito had access to extensive (state-owned) property associated with the office, and maintained a lavish lifestyle. In Belgrade he resided in the official residence, the Beli dvor, and maintained a separate private home. The Brijuni islands were the site of the State Summer Residence from 1949 on. The pavilion was designed by Jože Plečnik, and included a zoo. Close to 100 foreign heads of state were to visit Tito at the island residence, along with film stars such as Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, Sophia Loren, Carlo Ponti, and Gina Lollobrigida.

qas: question: The grounds at what location were the site of "diplomatic hunts"?
answers: text: Karađorđevo

question: What was the name of the yacht the Yugoslav president had at his disposal?
answers: text: Galeb

question: What company bought the presidential Boeing 727 after Tito's death?
answers: text: Aviogenex

question: Where was the Galeb docked after Tito's death?
answers: text: Montenegro

question: What is the English translation of Galeb?
answers: text: seagull
context: Another residence was maintained at Lake Bled, while the grounds at Karađorđevo were the site of "diplomatic hunts". By 1974 the Yugoslav President had at his disposal 32 official residences, larger and small, the yacht Galeb ("seagull"), a Boeing 727 as the presidential airplane, and the Blue Train. After Tito's death the presidential Boeing 727 was sold to Aviogenex, the Galeb remained docked in Montenegro, while the Blue Train was stored in a Serbian train shed for over two decades. While Tito was the person who held the office of president for by far the longest period, the associated property was not private and much of it continues to be in use by Yugoslav successor states, as public property, or maintained at the disposal of high-ranking officials.

qas: question: With what accent did Tito speak German according to a biographer?
answers: text: Viennese

question: How much English did Tito speak?
answers: text: some

question: Other than Serbo-Croatian, German, Russian, Czech, Slovenian and English, French and Italian, what language does Tito speak?
answers: text: Kirghiz
context: As regards knowledge of languages, Tito replied that he spoke Serbo-Croatian, German, Russian, and some English. A biographer also stated that he spoke "Serbo-Croatian ... Russian, Czech, Slovenian ... German (with a Viennese accent) ... understands and reads French and Italian ... [and] also speaks Kirghiz."

qas: question: What did Tito declare himself to be religiously as an adult?
answers: text: atheist

question: What type of religious educaton did Tito attend as a child?
answers: text: Catholic

question: What did a priest do to Tito as a child when he had difficulty removing the priest's vestments?
answers: text: slapped and shouted at

question: After being yelled at by a priest as a child, what place of worship would Tito refuse to enter again?
answers: text: church
context: In his youth Tito attended Catholic Sunday school, and was later an altar boy. After an incident where he was slapped and shouted at by a priest when he had difficulty assisting the priest to remove his vestments, Tito would not enter a church again. As an adult, he frequently declared that he was an atheist.

qas: question: What is the name of the largest town or city renamed in Tito's name?
answers: text: Titograd

question: What is Titograd now called?
answers: text: Podgorica

question: What is Podgorica the capital city of?
answers: text: Montenegro

question: Whose name was added to the name for every town or city with historical signiciance from the World War II period?
answers: text: Tito's
context: Every federal unit had a town or city with historic significance from the World War II period renamed to have Tito's name included. The largest of these was Titograd, now Podgorica, the capital city of Montenegro. With the exception of Titograd, the cities were renamed simply by the addition of the adjective "Tito's" ("Titov"). The cities were:

qas: question: What was the name of Tito's personal doctor?
answers: text: Aleksandar Matunović

question: Who wrote a book about Tito questioning his true origin?
answers: text: Aleksandar Matunović

question: What Serbian journalist includes several alternate identities of Tito?
answers: text: Vladan Dinić

question: In what year waas Vladan Dinic born?
answers: text: 1949

question: Dinic gives several alternate identities of what person?
answers: text: Tito
context: In the years after Tito's death up to nowadays, some people have disputed his identity. Tito's personal doctor, Aleksandar Matunović, wrote a book about Tito in which he also questioned his true origin, noting that Tito's habits and lifestyle could only mean that he was from an aristocratic family. Serbian journalist Vladan Dinić (born 1949), in Tito nije tito, includes several possible alternate identities of Tito.

qas: question: In what year did the study in Cryptologic Spectrum come out?
answers: text: 2013

question: What organization created the Cryptologic Spectrum?
answers: text: NSA

question: What other Slavic languages did the Cryptologic Spectrum conclude Tito spoke?
answers: text: Russian and Polish

question: The Cryptologic Spectrum also notes whose impressions of Tito's Russian origins?
answers: text: Draža Mihailović's
context: In 2013 a lot of media coverage was given to unclassified NSA's study in Cryptologic Spectrum that concluded that Tito did not speak the language as a native, and had features of other Slavic languages (Russian and Polish). The hypothesis that "a non-Yugoslav, perhaps a Russian or a Pole" assumed Tito's identity was included. The report also notes Draža Mihailović's impressions of Tito's Russian origins.

qas: question: Experts from what country disproved the NSA's report?
answers: text: Croatian

question: What was the distinct local dialect Tito spoke?
answers: text: Zagorje

question: Croatian experts disproved the report from which group concerning Tito's ethnic origins?
answers: text: NSA

question: Tito's acute accent is present only in what type of dialects?
answers: text: Croatian
context: However, the NSA's report was completely disproved by Croatian experts. The report failed to recognize that Tito was a native speaker of the very distinctive local Kajkavian dialect of Zagorje. The acute accent, present only in Croatian dialects, which Tito is perfectly pronouncing, is the strongest proof of Tito's belonging to Kajkavian dialect.

qas: question: Starting in what year was the Communist Party outlawed in Yugoslavia?
answers: text: 1920

question: What party was outlawed in Yugoslavia in 1920?
answers: text: Communist

question: "Rudi", "Walter" and "Tito" are names that what person assumed?
answers: text: Josip Broz

question: On what date in 1920 was the Communist party outlawed in Yugoslavia?
answers: text: 30 December

question: What was Tito's former name?
answers: text: Josip Broz
context: As the Communist Party was outlawed in Yugoslavia starting on 30 December 1920, Josip Broz took on many assumed names during his activity within the Party, including "Rudi", "Walter", and "Tito." Broz himself explains:

qas: question: How many awards and decorations did Josip Broz Tito recieve?
answers: text: 119

question: Of all of the awards Tito received, how many were from Yugoslavia itself?
answers: text: 21

question: Which government awards the Legion of Honour and the National Order of Merit?
answers: text: French

question: Which government awards the Order of the Bath?
answers: text: British

question: Which government awards the Order of the Chrysanthemum?
answers: text: Japanese
context: Josip Broz Tito received a total of 119 awards and decorations from 60 countries around the world (59 countries and Yugoslavia). 21 decorations were from Yugoslavia itself, 18 having been awarded once, and the Order of the National Hero on three occasions. Of the 98 international awards and decorations, 92 were received once, and three on two occasions (Order of the White Lion, Polonia Restituta, and Karl Marx). The most notable awards included the French Legion of Honour and National Order of Merit, the British Order of the Bath, the Soviet Order of Lenin, the Japanese Order of the Chrysanthemum, the German Federal Cross of Merit, and the Order of Merit of Italy.

qas: question: In what year did the Tito-Stalin split occur?
answers: text: 1948

question: In what year was Tito inaugurated as president?
answers: text: 1953

question: In what year was Tito's funeral?
answers: text: 1980

question: Who was the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement?
answers: text: Tito

question: Who was inauguarated as President of Yugoslavia in 1953?
answers: text: Tito
context: The decorations were seldom displayed, however. After the Tito–Stalin split of 1948 and his inauguration as president in 1953, Tito rarely wore his uniform except when present in a military function, and then (with rare exception) only wore his Yugoslav ribbons for obvious practical reasons. The awards were displayed in full number only at his funeral in 1980. Tito's reputation as one of the Allied leaders of World War II, along with his diplomatic position as the founder of the Non-Aligned Movement, was primarily the cause of the favorable international recognition.

qas: question: Tito was awarded the Star of what country?
answers: text: Romania

question: Tito was awarded the Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of what country?
answers: text: Austria

question: Tito was awarded the Queen of where?
answers: text: Sheba

question: Tito was awarded with the Order of the White Rose of what country?
answers: text: Finland

question: Tito was awarded with the Royal Order of what country?
answers: text: Cambodia
context: Some of the other foreign awards and decorations of Josip Broz Tito include Order of Merit, Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero, Order of Prince Henry, Order of Independence, Order of Merit, Order of the Nile, Order of the Condor of the Andes, Order of the Star of Romania, Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau, Croix de Guerre, Order of the Cross of Grunwald, Czechoslovak War Cross, Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria, Military Order of the White Lion, Nishan-e-Pakistan, Order of Al Rafidain, Order of Carol I, Order of Georgi Dimitrov, Order of Karl Marx, Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero, Order of Michael the Brave, Order of Pahlavi, Order of Sukhbaatar, Order of Suvorov, Order of the Liberator, Order of the October Revolution, Order of the Queen of Sheba, Order of the White Rose of Finland, Partisan Cross, Royal Order of Cambodia and Star of People's Friendship and Thiri Thudhamma Thingaha.[citation needed]