Elevator

qas: question: For which industry were elevators first used?
answers: text: coal mines

question: In the mid 1800s what were elevators fueled by?
answers: text: steam power

question: What were elevators originally built for?
answers: text: moving goods in bulk in mines and factories

question: Who built the "ascending room", in 1823?
answers: text: Burton and Hormer

question: The "ascending room" gave customers a view of what city's downtown?
answers: text: London
context: Starting in the coal mines, by the mid-19th century elevators were operated with steam power and were used for moving goods in bulk in mines and factories. These steam driven devices were soon being applied to a diverse set of purposes - in 1823, two architects working in London, Burton and Hormer, built and operated a novel tourist attraction, which they called the "ascending room". It elevated paying customers to a considerable height in the center of London, allowing them a magnificent panoramic view of downtown.

qas: question: Who invented the hydraulic crane in 1846?
answers: text: Sir William Armstrong

question: Were was the hydraulic crane initially used?
answers: text: Tyneside docks

question: In what manner did hydraulic cranes employ Pascal's law? 
answers: text: they provided a much greater force

question: The water pump supplied water pressure to a plunger located where?
answers: text: encased inside a vertical cylinder

question: besides water pressure, what else was used to increase the lifting power?
answers: text: Counterweights and balances
context: The hydraulic crane was invented by Sir William Armstrong in 1846, primarily for use at the Tyneside docks for loading cargo. These quickly supplanted the earlier steam driven elevators: exploiting Pascal's law, they provided a much greater force. A water pump supplied a variable level of water pressure to a plunger encased inside a vertical cylinder, allowing the level of the platform (carrying a heavy load) to be raised and lowered. Counterweights and balances were also used to increase the lifting power of the apparatus.

qas: question: What Neapolitan architect created the "Flying Chair" elevator?
answers: text: Gaetano Genovese

question: At what location was the "Flying Chair" installed in 1845?
answers: text: Royal Palace of Caserta

question: What type of wood was used on the inside ?
answers: text: maple

question: What controlled the traction?
answers: text: a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels

question: What did the safety system consist of?
answers: text: a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring
context: In 1845, the Neapolitan architect Gaetano Genovese installed in the Royal Palace of Caserta the "Flying Chair", an elevator ahead of its time, covered with chestnut wood outside and with maple wood inside. It included a light, two benches and a hand operated signal, and could be activated from the outside, without any effort on the part of the occupants. Traction was controlled by a motor mechanic utilizing a system of toothed wheels. A safety system was designed to take effect if the cords broke. It consisted of a beam pushed outwards by a steel spring.

qas: question: Who created the safety elevator in 1852?
answers: text: Elisha Otis

question: What feature did the safety elevator display? 
answers: text: prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke

question: What did the govenor device engage to lock the elevator?
answers: text: knurled roller(s)

question: At what location was it first presented?
answers: text: New York exposition in the Crystal Palace

question: Where was the first safety elevator installed?
answers: text: 488 Broadway in New York City
context: In 1852, Elisha Otis introduced the safety elevator, which prevented the fall of the cab if the cable broke. The design of the Otis safety elevator is somewhat similar to one type still used today. A governor device engages knurled roller(s), locking the elevator to its guides should the elevator descend at excessive speed. He demonstrated it at the New York exposition in the Crystal Palace in a dramatic, death-defying presentation in 1854, and the first such passenger elevator was installed at 488 Broadway in New York City on March 23, 1857.

qas: question: What year did constructrion begin for the Cooper Union Foundation?
answers: text: 1853

question: Which was built first, the first elevator shaft or the first elevator?
answers: text: first elevator shaft

question: What design did Peter Cooper feel was the most efficient?
answers: text: cylindrical

question: The Otis Elevator Company is today a subsidiary of what major corporation?
answers: text: United Technologies Corporation

question: What title does United Technologies Corporation hold?
answers: text: world's largest manufacturer of vertical transport systems
context: The first elevator shaft preceded the first elevator by four years. Construction for Peter Cooper's Cooper Union Foundation building in New York began in 1853. An elevator shaft was included in the design, because Cooper was confident that a safe passenger elevator would soon be invented. The shaft was cylindrical because Cooper thought it was the most efficient design. Later, Otis designed a special elevator for the building. Today the Otis Elevator Company, now a subsidiary of United Technologies Corporation, is the world's largest manufacturer of vertical transport systems.

qas: question: Who built the first electric elevator?
answers: text: Werner von Siemens

question: The first electric elevator, built in 1880, was in what Country?
answers: text: Germany

question: Who ultilized von Siemens ideas to build a succesful business?
answers: text: Anton Freissler

question: Who is credited with increasing the safety and speed of electric elevators?
answers: text: Frank Sprague

question: To whom did Frank Sprague sell his company to in 1895?
answers: text: Otis Elevator Company
context: The first electric elevator was built by Werner von Siemens in 1880 in Germany. The inventor Anton Freissler developed the ideas of von Siemens and built up a successful enterprise in Austria-Hungary. The safety and speed of electric elevators were significantly enhanced by Frank Sprague who added floor control, automatic elevators, acceleration control of cars, and safeties. His elevator ran faster and with larger loads than hydraulic or steam elevators, and 584 electric elevators were installed before Sprague sold his company to the Otis Elevator Company in 1895. Sprague also developed the idea and technology for multiple elevators in a single shaft.

qas: question: What is another name for an elevator shaft?
answers: text: hoistway

question: Elevator drive mechanisms have, in the past been, powered by what?
answers: text: steam and water hydraulic pistons or by hand

question: What is the weight of the elevator cage balanced by? 
answers: text: a counterweight

question: How do elevators built in pairs work?
answers: text: their cars always move synchronously in opposite directions,
context: Some people argue that elevators began as simple rope or chain hoists (see Traction elevators below). An elevator is essentially a platform that is either pulled or pushed up by a mechanical means. A modern-day elevator consists of a cab (also called a "cage", "carriage" or "car") mounted on a platform within an enclosed space called a shaft or sometimes a "hoistway". In the past, elevator drive mechanisms were powered by steam and water hydraulic pistons or by hand. In a "traction" elevator, cars are pulled up by means of rolling steel ropes over a deeply grooved pulley, commonly called a sheave in the industry. The weight of the car is balanced by a counterweight. Sometimes two elevators are built so that their cars always move synchronously in opposite directions, and are each other's counterweight.

qas: question: How do most elevator doors work?
answers: text: have two panels that meet in the middle, and slide open laterally

question: What design allows wider entryways within limited space?
answers: text: a cascading telescopic configuration

question: What is a single panel door referred to as?
answers: text: "slab" door

question: The single door is sometimes located where?
answers: text: on the shaft way

question: What do elevator doors protect riders from?
answers: text: falling into the shaft
context: Elevator doors protect riders from falling into the shaft. The most common configuration is to have two panels that meet in the middle, and slide open laterally. In a cascading telescopic configuration (potentially allowing wider entryways within limited space), the doors roll on independent tracks so that while open, they are tucked behind one another, and while closed, they form cascading layers on one side. This can be configured so that two sets of such cascading doors operate like the center opening doors described above, allowing for a very wide elevator cab. In less expensive installations the elevator can also use one large "slab" door: a single panel door the width of the doorway that opens to the left or right laterally. Some buildings have elevators with the single door on the shaft way, and double cascading doors on the cab.

qas: question: Throughout history, what type of engines were used for elevator machines?
answers: text: AC motors

question: Why were AC motors used?
answers: text: cost and lower usage applications where car speed and passenger comfort were less of an issue

question: What problem arises for fast and large capacity elevators?
answers: text: the need for infinitely variable speed control over the traction machine

question: Generally, what powered the relay contoller?
answers: text: MG set

question: What is a known advantage of the MG set?
answers: text: electrically isolating the elevators from the rest of a building's electrical system
context: Historically, AC motors were used for single or double speed elevator machines on the grounds of cost and lower usage applications where car speed and passenger comfort were less of an issue, but for higher speed, larger capacity elevators, the need for infinitely variable speed control over the traction machine becomes an issue. Therefore, DC machines powered by an AC/DC motor generator were the preferred solution. The MG set also typically powered the relay controller of the elevator, which has the added advantage of electrically isolating the elevators from the rest of a building's electrical system, thus eliminating the transient power spikes in the building's electrical supply caused by the motors starting and stopping (causing lighting to dim every time the elevators are used for example), as well as interference to other electrical equipment caused by the arcing of the relay contactors in the control system.

qas: question: In a gearless traction engine, what is the drive sheave attached to?
answers: text: directly attached to the end of the motor

question: What speed is a gearless traction elevator capable of attaining?
answers: text: 20 m/s (4,000 ft/min)

question: What motivates an external drum brake held open electrically?
answers: text: spring force

question: One exception that is not high speed high rise and large capacity is what?
answers: text: Kone MonoSpace's EcoDisc
context: Gearless traction machines are low-speed (low-RPM), high-torque electric motors powered either by AC or DC. In this case, the drive sheave is directly attached to the end of the motor. Gearless traction elevators can reach speeds of up to 20 m/s (4,000 ft/min), A brake is mounted between the motor and gearbox or between the motor and drive sheave or at the end of the drive sheave to hold the elevator stationary at a floor. This brake is usually an external drum type and is actuated by spring force and held open electrically; a power failure will cause the brake to engage and prevent the elevator from falling (see inherent safety and safety engineering). But it can also be some form of disc type like 1 or more calipers over a disc in one end of the motor shaft or drive sheave which is used in high speed, high rise and large capacity elevators with machine rooms(an exception is the Kone MonoSpace's EcoDisc which is not high speed, high rise and large capacity and is machine room less but it uses the same design as is a thinner version of a conventional gearless traction machine) for breaking power, compactness and redundancy(assuming there's at least 2 calipers on the disc), or 1 or more disc brakes with a single caliper at one end of the motor shaft or drive sheave which is used in machine room less elevators for compactness, breaking power, and redundancy(assuming there's 2 brakes or more).

qas: question: What reduces the amount of force needed to propel the cab?
answers: text: cables are attached to a hitch plate on top of the cab

question: Where will the counterweight be found?
answers: text: in the hoist-way

question: What guides the traction machine?
answers: text: the controller

question: The counterweight runs equal to the cab weight plus what percentage of the elevator capacity?
answers: text: 40-50%

question: Maintaining that the ropes all have equal tension may reduce what?
answers: text: Sheave and rope wear
context: In each case, cables are attached to a hitch plate on top of the cab or may be "underslung" below a cab, and then looped over the drive sheave to a counterweight attached to the opposite end of the cables which reduces the amount of power needed to move the cab. The counterweight is located in the hoist-way and rides a separate railway system; as the car goes up, the counterweight goes down, and vice versa. This action is powered by the traction machine which is directed by the controller, typically a relay logic or computerized device that directs starting, acceleration, deceleration and stopping of the elevator cab. The weight of the counterweight is typically equal to the weight of the elevator cab plus 40-50% of the capacity of the elevator. The grooves in the drive sheave are specially designed to prevent the cables from slipping. "Traction" is provided to the ropes by the grip of the grooves in the sheave, thereby the name. As the ropes age and the traction grooves wear, some traction is lost and the ropes must be replaced and the sheave repaired or replaced. Sheave and rope wear may be significantly reduced by ensuring that all ropes have equal tension, thus sharing the load evenly. Rope tension equalization may be achieved using a rope tension gauge, and is a simple way to extend the lifetime of the sheaves and ropes.

qas: question: "Compensation" is the name of the system used for what type of elevators?
answers: text: Elevators with more than 30 m (98 ft) of travel

question: "Compensation" consists of what?
answers: text: a separate set of cables or a chain attached to the bottom of the counterweight and the bottom of the elevator cab

question: What exactly does this system compensate for?
answers: text: the differing weight of cable between the hoist and the cab

question: What is the chain guided by in a compensation system that uses chains?
answers: text: a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines
context: Elevators with more than 30 m (98 ft) of travel have a system called compensation. This is a separate set of cables or a chain attached to the bottom of the counterweight and the bottom of the elevator cab. This makes it easier to control the elevator, as it compensates for the differing weight of cable between the hoist and the cab. If the elevator cab is at the top of the hoist-way, there is a short length of hoist cable above the car and a long length of compensating cable below the car and vice versa for the counterweight. If the compensation system uses cables, there will be an additional sheave in the pit below the elevator, to guide the cables. If the compensation system uses chains, the chain is guided by a bar mounted between the counterweight railway lines.

qas: question: What type of installations are hydraulic elevators best suited for?
answers: text: low rise, low traffic installations

question: Why do hydraulic elevators use more energy?
answers: text: the pump works against gravity to push the car and its passengers upwards; this energy is lost when the car descends on its own weight

question: What else contributes to a higher demand from the electrical system?
answers: text: The high current draw of the pump when starting up

question: What concerns arise when the lifting cylinder leaks fluid into the ground?
answers: text: environmental concerns
context: The low mechanical complexity of hydraulic elevators in comparison to traction elevators makes them ideal for low rise, low traffic installations. They are less energy efficient as the pump works against gravity to push the car and its passengers upwards; this energy is lost when the car descends on its own weight. The high current draw of the pump when starting up also places higher demands on a building’s electrical system. There are also environmental concerns should the lifting cylinder leak fluid into the ground.

qas: question: What defines a climbing elevator?
answers: text: a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion

question: What settings are climbing elevators used in?
answers: text: guyed masts or towers

question: What is the Glasgow Tower?
answers: text: an observation tower in Glasgow, Scotland

question: How is the propulsion powered in a climbing elevator?
answers: text: by an electric or a combustion engine
context: A climbing elevator is a self-ascending elevator with its own propulsion. The propulsion can be done by an electric or a combustion engine. Climbing elevators are used in guyed masts or towers, in order to make easy access to parts of these constructions, such as flight safety lamps for maintenance. An example would be the Moonlight towers in Austin, Texas, where the elevator holds only one person and equipment for maintenance. The Glasgow Tower — an observation tower in Glasgow, Scotland — also makes use of two climbing elevators.

qas: question: What does this type of elevator use to propel the cage?
answers: text: a vacuum on top of the cab and a valve on the top of the "shaft"

question: For sudden surges in pressure above the cab, what is used as a "brake"?
answers: text: a diaphragm or a piston

question: How does it enable the cab to go down by it's own weight?
answers: text: it opens the valve so that the air can pressurize the top of the "shaft"

question: What is the shaft made of?
answers: text: acrilic

question: How much weight is permitted on a low capacity elevator?
answers: text: up to 525 lbs
context: A elevator of this kind uses a vacuum on top of the cab and a valve on the top of the "shaft" to move the cab upwards and closes the valve in order to keep the cab at the same level. a diaphragm or a piston is used as a "brake" if there's a sudden increase in pressure avove the cab. however, to go down, it opens the valve so that the air can pressurize the top of the "shaft", allowing the cab to go down by its own weight. this also means that in case of a power failure, the cab will automatically go down. the "shaft" is made of acrilic, is always round, due to the shape of the vacuum pump turbine. in order to keep the air inside of the cab, rubber seals are used. due to technical limitations, these elevators have a low capacity. they usually allow 1-3 passengers and up to 525 lbs.

qas: question: Until the mid 1900s most elevators lacked what?
answers: text: automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop

question:  Many earlier built  freight elevators were controlled by what?
answers: text: switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes

question: How were most elevators built before 1939 powered? 
answers: text: by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor

question: A rheostat is the size and shape of what?
answers: text: a cake

question: Where was the rheostat mounted?
answers: text: upright or sideways on the cab wall
context: In the first half of the twentieth century, almost all elevators had no automatic positioning of the floor on which the cab would stop. Some of the older freight elevators were controlled by switches operated by pulling on adjacent ropes. In general, most elevators before WWII were manually controlled by elevator operators using a rheostat connected to the motor. This rheostat (see picture) was enclosed within a cylindrical container about the size and shape of a cake. This was mounted upright or sideways on the cab wall and operated via a projecting handle, which was able to slide around the top half of the cylinder.

qas: question: Where is the elevator motor found?
answers: text: at the top of the shaft or beside the bottom of the shaft

question: Moving the helve forward causes the cab to do what?
answers: text: to rise

question: The more pressure applied to the handle caused what?
answers: text: the faster the elevator would move

question: Why was the handle considered a "dead man switch"?
answers: text: if the operator let go of the handle, it would return to its upright position, causing the elevator cab to stop

question: Eventually safety locks were used to guarantee what?
answers: text: that the inner and outer doors were closed before the elevator was allowed to move
context: The elevator motor was located at the top of the shaft or beside the bottom of the shaft. Pushing the handle forward would cause the cab to rise; backwards would make it sink. The harder the pressure, the faster the elevator would move. The handle also served as a dead man switch: if the operator let go of the handle, it would return to its upright position, causing the elevator cab to stop. In time, safety interlocks would ensure that the inner and outer doors were closed before the elevator was allowed to move.

qas: question: What function does a "destination operating panel" feature?
answers: text: a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car

question: What is one benefit of a "destination operating panel"
answers: text: travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers

question: What is another benefit of a "destination operating panel"?
answers: text: the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank

question: What is the downside to a :destination operating panel"?
answers: text: passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart
context: Some skyscraper buildings and other types of installation feature a destination operating panel where a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car. The system lets them know which car to wait for, instead of everyone boarding the next car. In this way, travel time is reduced as the elevator makes fewer stops for individual passengers, and the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank. Although travel time is reduced, passenger waiting times may be longer as they will not necessarily be allocated the next car to depart. During the down peak period the benefit of destination control will be limited as passengers have a common destination.

qas: question: What is one example of a limitation on the system? 
answers: text: the system is subject to gaming

question: What is generally unable to support variations in the number of people for a particular destination?
answers: text: The dispatching algorithm

question: For what reason do people repeatedly push the up/down buttons on a panel?
answers: text: people believe this to be an effective way to hurry elevators

question: Why is this a bad practice?
answers: text: this will make the computer think multiple people are waiting and will allocate empty cars to serve this one person
context: However, performance enhancements cannot be generalized as the benefits and limitations of the system are dependent on many factors. One problem is that the system is subject to gaming. Sometimes, one person enters the destination for a large group of people going to the same floor. The dispatching algorithm is usually unable to completely cater for the variation, and latecomers may find the elevator they are assigned to is already full. Also, occasionally, one person may press the floor multiple times. This is common with up/down buttons when people believe this to be an effective way to hurry elevators. However, this will make the computer think multiple people are waiting and will allocate empty cars to serve this one person.

qas: question: What is one way to implement destination control?
answers: text: every user gets an RFID card to identify himself

question: How does this help the system?
answers: text: the system knows every user call and can cancel the first call if the passenger decides to travel to another destination to prevent empty calls

question: Newer systems know where and how many people are at a location for what reasons?
answers: text: either for the purposes of evacuating the building or for security reasons
context: To prevent this problem, in one implementation of destination control, every user gets an RFID card to identify himself, so the system knows every user call and can cancel the first call if the passenger decides to travel to another destination to prevent empty calls. The newest invention knows even where people are located and how many on which floor because of their identification, either for the purposes of evacuating the building or for security reasons. Another way to prevent this issue is to treat everyone travelling from one floor to another as one group and to allocate only one car for that group.

qas: question: What is another name for up-peak mode?
answers: text: moderate incoming traffic

question: Generally, up-peak mode takes place during what times of the day?
answers: text: most typically in the morning

question: What are the reasons for up-peak mode early in the day?
answers: text: people arrive for work or at the conclusion of a lunch-time period

question: For what reasons are elevators routed one-by-one?
answers: text: when they reach a pre-determined passenger load, or when they have had their doors opened for a certain period of time

question: Why is a "this car leaving next" sign used?
answers: text: to encourage passengers to make maximum use of the available elevator system capacity
context: During up-peak mode (also called moderate incoming traffic), elevator cars in a group are recalled to the lobby to provide expeditious service to passengers arriving at the building, most typically in the morning as people arrive for work or at the conclusion of a lunch-time period. Elevators are dispatched one-by-one when they reach a pre-determined passenger load, or when they have had their doors opened for a certain period of time. The next elevator to be dispatched usually has its hall lantern or a "this car leaving next" sign illuminated to encourage passengers to make maximum use of the available elevator system capacity. Some elevator banks are programmed so that at least one car will always return to the lobby floor and park whenever it becomes free.

qas: question: How is the special sercice mode enabled?
answers: text: by a key switch either inside the elevator itself or on a centralized control panel in the lobby

question: What is the impact on an elevator set to independant service mode?
answers: text: it will no longer respond to hall calls

question: At what times is Independant service best utilized?
answers: text: when transporting large goods or moving groups of people between certain floors

question: During independant service mode how is a single cab in a hall kept from being used?
answers: text: the hall buttons are disabled
context: Independent service is a special service mode found on most elevators. It is activated by a key switch either inside the elevator itself or on a centralized control panel in the lobby. When an elevator is placed on independent service, it will no longer respond to hall calls. (In a bank of elevators, traffic is rerouted to the other elevators, while in a single elevator, the hall buttons are disabled). The elevator will remain parked on a floor with its doors open until a floor is selected and the door close button is held until the elevator starts to travel. Independent service is useful when transporting large goods or moving groups of people between certain floors.

qas: question: Who is authorized to provide inspection and/or maintenance of the elevator?
answers: text: qualified elevator mechanics

question: What is the purpose of the Inspection service? 
answers: text: to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance

question: What action initiates it's activation?
answers: text: a key switch on the car operating panel usually labeled 'Inspection', 'Car Top', 'Access Enable' or 'HWENAB

question: WWhat's the first thing to happen when the switch is activated?
answers: text: the elevator will come to a stop if moving

question: Once activatated, what is the only way to deactivate it?
answers: text: The elevator can now only be moved by the corresponding 'Access' key switches
context: Inspection service is designed to provide access to the hoistway and car top for inspection and maintenance purposes by qualified elevator mechanics. It is first activated by a key switch on the car operating panel usually labeled 'Inspection', 'Car Top', 'Access Enable' or 'HWENAB'. When this switch is activated the elevator will come to a stop if moving, car calls will be canceled (and the buttons disabled), and hall calls will be assigned to other elevator cars in the group (or canceled in a single elevator configuration). The elevator can now only be moved by the corresponding 'Access' key switches, usually located at the highest (to access the top of the car) and lowest (to access the elevator pit) landings. The access key switches will allow the car to move at reduced inspection speed with the hoistway door open. This speed can range from anywhere up to 60% of normal operating speed on most controllers, and is usually defined by local safety codes.

qas: question: What initiates Phase one mode?
answers: text: a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building

question: What happens when an elevator goes into Phase one mode?
answers: text: The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor

question: Where does the elevator go from there?
answers: text: the elevator will go to the fire-recall floor

question: What happens if the mode is activated on the fire-recall floor?
answers: text: the elevator will have an alternate floor to recall to

question: How is the elevator enabled for service after the incident?
answers: text: The only way to return the elevator to normal service is to switch it to bypass after the alarms have reset
context: Phase one mode is activated by a corresponding smoke sensor or heat sensor in the building. Once an alarm has been activated, the elevator will automatically go into phase one. The elevator will wait an amount of time, then proceed to go into nudging mode to tell everyone the elevator is leaving the floor. Once the elevator has left the floor, depending on where the alarm was set off, the elevator will go to the fire-recall floor. However, if the alarm was activated on the fire-recall floor, the elevator will have an alternate floor to recall to. When the elevator is recalled, it proceeds to the recall floor and stops with its doors open. The elevator will no longer respond to calls or move in any direction. Located on the fire-recall floor is a fire-service key switch. The fire-service key switch has the ability to turn fire service off, turn fire service on or to bypass fire service. The only way to return the elevator to normal service is to switch it to bypass after the alarms have reset.

qas: question: How is the Phase-two mode enabled?
answers: text: Phase-two mode can only be activated by a key switch located inside the elevator on the centralized control panel

question: What is the purpose of the Phase-two mode?
answers: text: This mode was created for firefighters so that they may rescue people from a burning building

question: Where is the Phase-two key switch to be found?
answers: text: on the COP

question: What does Phase-two do?
answers: text: enables the car to move

question: What actions must a firefighter take to activate Phase-two mode?
answers: text: manually pushes and holds the door close button
context: Phase-two mode can only be activated by a key switch located inside the elevator on the centralized control panel. This mode was created for firefighters so that they may rescue people from a burning building. The phase-two key switch located on the COP has three positions: off, on, and hold. By turning phase two on, the firefighter enables the car to move. However, like independent-service mode, the car will not respond to a car call unless the firefighter manually pushes and holds the door close button. Once the elevator gets to the desired floor it will not open its doors unless the firefighter holds the door open button. This is in case the floor is burning and the firefighter can feel the heat and knows not to open the door. The firefighter must hold door open until the door is completely opened. If for any reason the firefighter wishes to leave the elevator, they will use the hold position on the key switch to make sure the elevator remains at that floor. If the firefighter wishes to return to the recall floor, they simply turn the key off and close the doors.

qas: question: Upon arriving at the desinated floor, what does the elevator do?
answers: text: it will park with its doors open and the car buttons will be disabled to prevent a passenger from taking control of the elevator

question: What steps do medical personnel take at that point?
answers: text: Medical personnel must then activate the code-blue key switch inside the car, select their floor and close the doors with the door close button

question: Where then does the elevator go?
answers: text: The elevator will then travel non-stop to the selected floor

question: Once it arrives what does the elevator do
answers: text: will remain in code-blue service until switched off in the car

question: What does the hold feature do?
answers: text: allows the elevator to remain at a floor locked out of service until code blue is deactivated
context: Once the elevator arrives at the floor, it will park with its doors open and the car buttons will be disabled to prevent a passenger from taking control of the elevator. Medical personnel must then activate the code-blue key switch inside the car, select their floor and close the doors with the door close button. The elevator will then travel non-stop to the selected floor, and will remain in code-blue service until switched off in the car. Some hospital elevators will feature a 'hold' position on the code-blue key switch (similar to fire service) which allows the elevator to remain at a floor locked out of service until code blue is deactivated.

qas: question: What sequence of events happens when the power shuts off in a traction elevator and the elevators all stop?
answers: text: One by one, each car in the group will return to the lobby floor, open its doors and shut down

question: What do any passengers experience at this point?
answers: text: People in the remaining elevators may see an indicator light or hear a voice announcement informing them that the elevator will return to the lobby shortly

question: After all cars go to the lobby, what is the next step?
answers: text: the system will then automatically select one or more cars to be used for normal operations and these cars will return to service

question: How are the selected cars then readied for passengers? 
answers: text: The car(s) selected to run under emergency power can be manually overridden by a key or strip switch in the lobby

question: What is a safety feature to prevent entrapment?
answers: text: when the system detects that it is running low on power, it will bring the running cars to the lobby or nearest floor, open the doors and shut down
context: When power is lost in a traction elevator system, all elevators will initially come to a halt. One by one, each car in the group will return to the lobby floor, open its doors and shut down. People in the remaining elevators may see an indicator light or hear a voice announcement informing them that the elevator will return to the lobby shortly. Once all cars have successfully returned, the system will then automatically select one or more cars to be used for normal operations and these cars will return to service. The car(s) selected to run under emergency power can be manually overridden by a key or strip switch in the lobby. In order to help prevent entrapment, when the system detects that it is running low on power, it will bring the running cars to the lobby or nearest floor, open the doors and shut down.

qas: question: How do hydraulic elevators work in emergencies?
answers: text: emergency power will lower the elevators to the lowest landing and open the doors to allow passengers to exit

question: Once the passengers have exited, what happens?
answers: text: The doors then close after an adjustable time period and the car remains unusable until reset, usually by cycling the elevator main power switch

question: For what reason are hydraulic elevators not powered by the standard emergency system?
answers: text: due to the high current draw when starting the pump motor

question: What are current-limiting motor starters referred to as?
answers: text: "soft-start" contactors
context: In hydraulic elevator systems, emergency power will lower the elevators to the lowest landing and open the doors to allow passengers to exit. The doors then close after an adjustable time period and the car remains unusable until reset, usually by cycling the elevator main power switch. Typically, due to the high current draw when starting the pump motor, hydraulic elevators are not run using standard emergency power systems. Buildings like hospitals and nursing homes usually size their emergency generators to accommodate this draw. However, the increasing use of current-limiting motor starters, commonly known as "soft-start" contactors, avoid much of this problem, and the current draw of the pump motor is less of a limiting concern.

qas: question: What types of elevator hold the highest safety record?
answers: text: cable-borne elevators

question: In the late nineties, what was considered the rate of cable-borne elevator problems? 
answers: text: eight millionths of one percent (1 in 12 million) of elevator rides

question: What was the severity of the majority of elevator failures recorded?
answers: text: minor things such as the doors failing to open

question: What is an example of a maintenance-related elevator death?
answers: text: technicians leaning too far into the shaft or getting caught between moving parts

question: Before the Twin Towers attack in 2001 , what was the only reported freefall accident attributed to a modern cable-borne elevator?
answers: text: 1945 when a B-25 bomber struck the Empire State Building
context: Statistically speaking, cable-borne elevators are extremely safe. Their safety record is unsurpassed by any other vehicle system. In 1998, it was estimated that approximately eight millionths of one percent (1 in 12 million) of elevator rides result in an anomaly, and the vast majority of these were minor things such as the doors failing to open. Of the 20 to 30 elevator-related deaths each year, most of them are maintenance-related — for example, technicians leaning too far into the shaft or getting caught between moving parts, and most of the rest are attributed to other kinds of accidents, such as people stepping blindly through doors that open into empty shafts or being strangled by scarves caught in the doors. In fact, prior to the September 11th terrorist attacks, the only known free-fall incident in a modern cable-borne elevator happened in 1945 when a B-25 bomber struck the Empire State Building in fog, severing the cables of an elevator cab, which fell from the 75th floor all the way to the bottom of the building, seriously injuring (though not killing) the sole occupant — the elevator operator. However, there was an incident in 2007 at a Seattle children's hospital, where a ThyssenKrupp ISIS machine-room-less elevator free-fell until the safety brakes were engaged. This was due to a flaw in the design where the cables were connected at one common point, and the kevlar ropes had a tendency to overheat and cause slipping (or, in this case, a free-fall). While it is possible (though extraordinarily unlikely) for an elevator's cable to snap, all elevators in the modern era have been fitted with several safety devices which prevent the elevator from simply free-falling and crashing. An elevator cab is typically borne by 2 to 6 (up to 12 or more in high rise installations) hoist cables or belts, each of which is capable on its own of supporting the full load of the elevator plus twenty-five percent more weight. In addition, there is a device which detects whether the elevator is descending faster than its maximum designed speed; if this happens, the device causes copper (or silicon nitride in high rise installations) brake shoes to clamp down along the vertical rails in the shaft, stopping the elevator quickly, but not so abruptly as to cause injury. This device is called the governor, and was invented by Elisha Graves Otis. In addition, a oil/hydraulic or spring or polyurethane or telescopic oil/hydraulic buffer or a combination (depending on the travel height and travel speed) is installed at the bottom of the shaft (or in the bottom of the cab and sometimes also in the top of the cab or shaft) to somewhat cushion any impact. However, In Thailand, in November 2012, a woman was killed in free falling elevator, in what was reported as the "first legally recognised death caused by a falling lift".

qas: question: Underground electrolytic malfunctions in hydraulic elevators can result in the destruction of what? 
answers: text: the cylinder and bulkhead

question: What Elevator Safety Code change required a second dished bulkhead? 
answers: text: 1972 ASME A17.1

question: Before the code change was enacted what was the only permitted hydraulic cylinder type?
answers: text: single-bottom

question: Once the cylinder is breached, what calamity does the loss of fluid cause?
answers: text: uncontrolled down movement of the elevator

question: What testing does the code require?
answers: text: periodic testing of the pressure capability
context: Past problems with hydraulic elevators include underground electrolytic destruction of the cylinder and bulkhead, pipe failures, and control failures. Single bulkhead cylinders, typically built prior to a 1972 ASME A17.1 Elevator Safety Code change requiring a second dished bulkhead, were subject to possible catastrophic failure. The code previously permitted only single-bottom hydraulic cylinders. In the event of a cylinder breach, the fluid loss results in uncontrolled down movement of the elevator. This creates two significant hazards: being subject to an impact at the bottom when the elevator stops suddenly and being in the entrance for a potential shear if the rider is partly in the elevator. Because it is impossible to verify the system at all times, the code requires periodic testing of the pressure capability. Another solution to protect against a cylinder blowout is to install a plunger gripping device. One commercially available is known by the marketing name "LifeJacket". This is a device which, in the event of an uncontrolled downward acceleration, nondestructively grips the plunger and stops the car. A device known as an overspeed or rupture valve is attached to the hydraulic inlet/outlet of the cylinder and is adjusted for a maximum flow rate. If a pipe or hose were to break (rupture), the flow rate of the rupture valve will surpass a set limit and mechanically stop the outlet flow of hydraulic fluid, thus stopping the plunger and the car in the down direction.

qas: question: What part of the mine shaft requires routine testing?
answers: text: elevator rails

question: What type of testing is done to the an area of the cable?
answers: text: destructive testing

question: What is  the first step in destructive testing?
answers: text: The ends of the segment are frayed, then set in conical zinc molds

question: Afterwards, what type of machine is the segment secured in?
answers: text: hydraulic stretching machine

question: What types of information are collected in the process?
answers: text: Data about elasticity, load, and other factors is compiled
context: Safety testing of mine shaft elevator rails is routinely undertaken. The method involves destructive testing of a segment of the cable. The ends of the segment are frayed, then set in conical zinc molds. Each end of the segment is then secured in a large, hydraulic stretching machine. The segment is then placed under increasing load to the point of failure. Data about elasticity, load, and other factors is compiled and a report is produced. The report is then analyzed to determine whether or not the entire rail is safe to use.

qas: question: What dictates passenger elevator capacities?
answers: text: the available floor space

question: What capacities are passenger elevators availablee in?
answers: text: from 500 to 2,700 kg (1,000–6,000 lb) in 230 kg (500 lb) increments

question: What types of passenger elevators are installed in structures of up to eight floors?
answers: text: hydraulic or electric

question: Hydraulic elevators can reach speeds up to 1m/s or how many feet per minute?
answers: text: 200

question: Electric elevators can reach speeds up to 3 m/s or how many feet per minute?
answers: text: 500
context: Passenger elevators capacity is related to the available floor space. Generally passenger elevators are available in capacities from 500 to 2,700 kg (1,000–6,000 lb) in 230 kg (500 lb) increments.[citation needed] Generally passenger elevators in buildings of eight floors or fewer are hydraulic or electric, which can reach speeds up to 1 m/s (200 ft/min) hydraulic and up to 152 m/min (500 ft/min) electric. In buildings up to ten floors, electric and gearless elevators are likely to have speeds up to 3 m/s (500 ft/min), and above ten floors speeds range 3 to 10 m/s (500–2,000 ft/min).[citation needed]

qas: question: Passenger elevators, used in city transport share similarities to what other ascending and descending vehicles counterbalancing each other?    
answers: text: funiculars

question: What type of public elevator in Yalta, Ukraine, transport passengers from a hill above the Black Sea to a tunnel down on the beach?
answers: text: underground public elevator

question: The elevator located at the Casco Viejo station in the Bilbao Metro is also used for what?
answers: text: city transportation

question: How is that set up?
answers: text: ticket barriers are set up in such a way that passengers can pay to reach the elevator from the entrance in the lower city, or vice versa
context: Sometimes passenger elevators are used as a city transport along with funiculars. For example, there is a 3-station underground public elevator in Yalta, Ukraine, which takes passengers from the top of a hill above the Black Sea on which hotels are perched, to a tunnel located on the beach below. At Casco Viejo station in the Bilbao Metro, the elevator that provides access to the station from a hilltop neighborhood doubles as city transportation: the station's ticket barriers are set up in such a way that passengers can pay to reach the elevator from the entrance in the lower city, or vice versa. See also the Elevators for urban transport section.

qas: question: What is another name for a freight elevator?
answers: text: goods lift

question: What type of notice is required to be visible in most freight elevators?
answers: text: a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited

question: Some freight elevators allow transport of both freight and passengers by using what?
answers: text: an inconspicuous riser

question: How do freight elevators differ from passenger elevators?
answers: text: Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator

question: What type of elevator is better suited for carrying freight?
answers: text: electric elevators
context: A freight elevator, or goods lift, is an elevator designed to carry goods, rather than passengers. Freight elevators are generally required to display a written notice in the car that the use by passengers is prohibited (though not necessarily illegal), though certain freight elevators allow dual use through the use of an inconspicuous riser. In order for an elevator to be legal to carry passengers in some jurisdictions it must have a solid inner door. Freight elevators are typically larger and capable of carrying heavier loads than a passenger elevator, generally from 2,300 to 4,500 kg. Freight elevators may have manually operated doors, and often have rugged interior finishes to prevent damage while loading and unloading. Although hydraulic freight elevators exist, electric elevators are more energy efficient for the work of freight lifting.[citation needed]

qas: question: How are stage lifts powered?
answers: text: by hydraulics

question: How many hydraulic elevators are there at Radio City Music Hall?
answers: text: four

question: What is an orchestra lift used for?
answers: text: to raise an entire orchestra, or an entire cast of performers (including live elephants) up to stage level from below

question: What is on the background of the image which can be used as a scale to represent the size of the mechanism?
answers: text: a barrel
context: Stage lifts and orchestra lifts are specialized elevators, typically powered by hydraulics, that are used to raise and lower entire sections of a theater stage. For example, Radio City Music Hall has four such elevators: an orchestra lift that covers a large area of the stage, and three smaller lifts near the rear of the stage. In this case, the orchestra lift is powerful enough to raise an entire orchestra, or an entire cast of performers (including live elephants) up to stage level from below. There's a barrel on the background of the image of the left which can be used as a scale to represent the size of the mechanism

qas: question: What type of elevators are generally less costly than full commercial elevators?
answers: text: residential

question: What type of doors do commercial elevators use?
answers: text: metal sliding

question: What safety mechanisms are still required, despite lower design costs?
answers: text: locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones

question: What type of elevator has a hinged wooden shaft-access door?
answers: text: residential
context: A residential elevator is often permitted to be of lower cost and complexity than full commercial elevators. They may have unique design characteristics suited for home furnishings, such as hinged wooden shaft-access doors rather than the typical metal sliding doors of commercial elevators. Construction may be less robust than in commercial designs with shorter maintenance periods, but safety systems such as locks on shaft access doors, fall arrestors, and emergency phones must still be present in the event of malfunction.

qas: question: What types of elevators occassionaly do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room or hoistway?
answers: text: residential

question: What benefits does this serve?
answers: text: allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation

question: In what year were Machine-room-less elevators first allowed?
answers: text: 2007

question: This decision reflected a revision of what?
answers: text: the ASME A17.1
context: Some types of residential elevators do not use a traditional elevator shaft, machine room, and elevator hoistway. This allows an elevator to be installed where a traditional elevator may not fit, and simplifies installation. The ASME board first approved machine-room-less systems in a revision of the ASME A17.1 in 2007. Machine-room-less elevators have been available commercially since the mid 1990s, however cost and overall size prevented their adoption to the residential elevator market until around 2010.

qas: question: What are small freight elevators used for things such as food, called?
answers: text: Dumbwaiters

question: What rooms are dumbwaiters frequently used in?
answers: text: They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors

question: What is a safety feature found in passenger elevators they generally do not have?
answers: text: various ropes for redundancy

question: What is the height restriction on dumbwaiters?
answers: text: they can be up to 1 meter (3 ft.) tall

question: What features do they have that mimic passenger elevators?
answers: text: calling, door control, floor selection
context: Dumbwaiters are small freight elevators that are intended to carry food, books or other small freight loads rather than passengers. They often connect kitchens to rooms on other floors. they usually do not have the same safety features found in passenger elevators, like various ropes for redundancy. they have a lower capacity, and they can be up to 1 meter (3 ft.) tall. there's a control panel at every stop, that mimics the ones found in passenger elevators, like calling, door control, floor selection.

qas: question: An inclined plane with a conveyor belt describes what type of elevator?
answers: text: Material transport elevators

question: What do the partians do on the conveyor?
answers: text: ensure that the material moves forward

question: What industries are these types of elevators generally used in?
answers: text: industrial and agricultural applications

question: What are spiral screws used for?
answers: text: to elevate grain for storage in large vertical silos

question: What type of elevators are used for loading loose materials into bulk carriers?
answers: text: Belt elevators
context: Material transport elevators generally consist of an inclined plane on which a conveyor belt runs. The conveyor often includes partitions to ensure that the material moves forward. These elevators are often used in industrial and agricultural applications. When such mechanisms (or spiral screws or pneumatic transport) are used to elevate grain for storage in large vertical silos, the entire structure is called a grain elevator. Belt elevators are often used in docks for loading loose materials such as coal, iron ore and grain into the holds of bulk carriers

qas: question: The invention of elevators brought with it questions of social etiquette and formalities, generally referred to as what?
answers: text: social protocols

question: The last tsar of Russia, Nicholas ll encountered his first elevator at the Hotel Adloin in what city?
answers: text: Berlin

question: This caused a stir in deciding who should enter first and who should do what?
answers: text: press the buttons

question: Andreas Bernard wrote about the social aspects of the new elevators in what book?
answers: text: Lifted: A Cultural History of the Elevator
context: Elevators necessitated new social protocols. When Nicholas II of Russia visited the Hotel Adlon in Berlin, his courtiers panicked about who would enter the elevator first, and who would press the buttons. In Lifted: A Cultural History of the Elevator, author Andreas Bernard documents other social impacts caused by the modern elevator, including thriller movies about stuck elevators, casual encounters and sexual tension on elevators, the reduction of personal space, and concerns about personal hygiene.

qas: question: Modern elevator position or floor indicaters often use what type of bulbs?
answers: text: LED

question: What type of lanterns are used outside elevators as well as inside most cabs?
answers: text: direction lanterns

question: What do floor indicaters often consist of?
answers: text: successively illuminated floor indications or LCDs

question: What generally indicates the arrival of the elevator at a new floor?
answers: text: a sound
context: In addition to the call buttons, elevators usually have floor indicators (often illuminated by LED) and direction lanterns. The former are almost universal in cab interiors with more than two stops and may be found outside the elevators as well on one or more of the floors. Floor indicators can consist of a dial with a rotating needle, but the most common types are those with successively illuminated floor indications or LCDs. Likewise, a change of floors or an arrival at a floor is indicated by a sound, depending on the elevator.

qas: question: What is the main function of direction lanterns?
answers: text: to help people decide whether or not to get on the elevator

question: What might change your mind about whether or not to enter an elevator?
answers: text: If somebody waiting for the elevator wants to go up, but a car comes first that indicates that it is going down

question: What type of etching might you see on a direction indicator?
answers: text: arrows or shaped like arrows

question: Some elevators may use the color convention for only what purpose?
answers: text: to differentiate between directions
context: Direction lanterns are also found both inside and outside elevator cars, but they should always be visible from outside because their primary purpose is to help people decide whether or not to get on the elevator. If somebody waiting for the elevator wants to go up, but a car comes first that indicates that it is going down, then the person may decide not to get on the elevator. If the person waits, then one will still stop going up. Direction indicators are sometimes etched with arrows or shaped like arrows and/or use the convention that one that lights up red means "down" and green means "up". Since the color convention is often undermined or overridden by systems that do not invoke it, it is usually used only in conjunction with other differentiating factors. An example of a place whose elevators use only the color convention to differentiate between directions is the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago, where a single circle can be made to light up green for "up" and red for "down". Sometimes directions must be inferred by the position of the indicators relative to one another.

qas: question: New technologies aim to provide a better elevator experience to passengers who suffer from what?
answers: text: claustrophobia, anthropophobia or social anxiety

question: What Israeli company uses motion sensors to display information on a screen embedded in the wall of the cabs?
answers: text: DigiGage

question: LiftEye uses virtual window technology for what?
answers: text: to turn common elevator into panoramic

question: How does it produce the panoramic effects?
answers: text: It creates 3d video panorama using live feed from cameras placed vertically along the facade and synchronizes it with cab movement

question: Where is the video projected?
answers: text: on a wall-sized screens
context: There are several technologies aimed to provide better experience to passengers suffering from claustrophobia, anthropophobia or social anxiety. Israeli startup DigiGage uses motion sensors to scroll the pre-rendered images, building and floor-specific content on a screen embedded into the wall as the cab moves up and down. British company LiftEye provides a virtual window technology to turn common elevator into panoramic. It creates 3d video panorama using live feed from cameras placed vertically along the facade and synchronizes it with cab movement. The video is projected on a wall-sized screens making it look like the walls are made of glass.

qas: question: In what neighboring countries are passenger elevators required to adhere to Standard A17.1?
answers: text: most US and Canadian jurisdictions

question:  What is Standard A17.1?
answers: text: Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators

question: What is the equivilent to the US Standard A17.1 called in Canada?
answers: text: CAN/CSA B44 Safety Standard

question: What are passenger elevators tested with?
answers: text: ASME A17.2 Standard
context: In most US and Canadian jurisdictions, passenger elevators are required to conform to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers' Standard A17.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. As of 2006, all states except Kansas, Mississippi, North Dakota, and South Dakota have adopted some version of ASME codes, though not necessarily the most recent. In Canada the document is the CAN/CSA B44 Safety Standard, which was harmonized with the US version in the 2000 edition.[citation needed] In addition, passenger elevators may be required to conform to the requirements of A17.3 for existing elevators where referenced by the local jurisdiction. Passenger elevators are tested using the ASME A17.2 Standard. The frequency of these tests is mandated by the local jurisdiction, which may be a town, city, state or provincial standard.

qas: question: Whose name is on the permit required for operation of an elevator? 
answers: text: the building owner

question: Do all jurisdictions require the permit to be displayed in the elevator?
answers: text: some jurisdictions require the permit to be displayed in the elevator cab, other jurisdictions allow for the operating permit to be kept on file elsewhere

question: Aside from the elevator, where else might a permit be displayed?
answers: text: the maintenance office

question: What type of notice can be displayed in the elevator in lieu of the permit?
answers: text: a notice is posted in its place informing riders of where the actual permits are kept.
context: Most elevators have a location in which the permit for the building owner to operate the elevator is displayed. While some jurisdictions require the permit to be displayed in the elevator cab, other jurisdictions allow for the operating permit to be kept on file elsewhere – such as the maintenance office – and to be made available for inspection on demand. In such cases instead of the permit being displayed in the elevator cab, often a notice is posted in its place informing riders of where the actual permits are kept.

qas: question: In 2008, what country had the largest number of elevators?
answers: text: Spain

question: What country had the second most elevators installed?
answers: text: United States

question: How many elevators had China installed since 1949?
answers: text: 610,000

question: What country boasts the worlds largest market for elevators?
answers: text: Italy

question: How many elevators are in Brazil?
answers: text: 300,000
context: As of January 2008, Spain is the nation with the most elevators installed in the world, with 950,000 elevators installed that run more than one hundred million lifts every day, followed by United States with 700,000 elevators installed and China with 610,000 elevators installed since 1949. In Brazil, it is estimated that there are approximately 300,000 elevators currently in operation. The world's largest market for elevators is Italy, with more than 1,629 million euros of sales and 1,224 million euros of internal market.

qas: question: What type of elevators are used in the Taipei 101 office tower?
answers: text: Double deck elevators

question: During what hours is the lower deck turned off?
answers: text: low-volume hours

question: During the low volume hours, what can the upper deck function as?
answers: text: a single-level elevator stopping at all adjacent floors

question: On what floor must restaurant customers clear their reservations?
answers: text: at the reception counter on the 2nd floor

question: What levels make up the "sky lobby"?
answers: text: 36 and 60, upper-deck car
context: Double deck elevators are used in the Taipei 101 office tower. Tenants of even-numbered floors first take an escalator (or an elevator from the parking garage) to the 2nd level, where they will enter the upper deck and arrive at their floors. The lower deck is turned off during low-volume hours, and the upper deck can act as a single-level elevator stopping at all adjacent floors. For example, the 85th floor restaurants can be accessed from the 60th floor sky-lobby. Restaurant customers must clear their reservations at the reception counter on the 2nd floor. A bank of express elevators stop only on the sky lobby levels (36 and 60, upper-deck car), where tenants can transfer to "local" elevators.

qas: question: How fast do the observation deck elevators travel?
answers: text: 1,010 metres per minute (61 km/h) in 16 seconds

question: This speed holds what record?
answers: text: world-record certified speed

question: What does cabin pressure control do? 
answers: text: help passengers adapt smoothly to pressure changes

question: How fast does the elevator drop down?
answers: text: 600 meters per minute

question: At what floor do the doors open on the way down?
answers: text: 52nd
context: The high-speed observation deck elevators accelerate to a world-record certified speed of 1,010 metres per minute (61 km/h) in 16 seconds, and then it slows down for arrival with subtle air pressure sensations. The door opens after 37 seconds from the 5th floor. Special features include aerodynamic car and counterweights, and cabin pressure control to help passengers adapt smoothly to pressure changes. The downwards journey is completed at a reduced speed of 600 meters per minute, with the doors opening at the 52nd second.

qas: question: What is the name of the elevator attraction at the Disney World parks across the world?
answers: text: The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror

question: What is the main feature of this attraction?
answers: text: a simulated free-fall achieved through the use of a high-speed elevator system

question: Do ride goers stand or sit?
answers: text: passengers are seated and secured in their seats rather than standing

question: What unique feature does this ride provide guests?
answers: text: downward acceleration greater than that of normal gravity

question: What type of motor is used?
answers: text: high-speed drive motor
context: The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror is the common name for a series of elevator attractions at the Disney's Hollywood Studios park in Orlando, the Disney California Adventure Park park in Anaheim, the Walt Disney Studios Park in Paris and the Tokyo DisneySea park in Tokyo. The central element of this attraction is a simulated free-fall achieved through the use of a high-speed elevator system. For safety reasons, passengers are seated and secured in their seats rather than standing. Unlike most traction elevators, the elevator car and counterweight are joined using a rail system in a continuous loop running through both the top and the bottom of the drop shaft. This allows the drive motor to pull down on the elevator car from underneath, resulting in downward acceleration greater than that of normal gravity. The high-speed drive motor is used to rapidly lift the elevator as well.

qas: question: How are passenger cabs separated from the lift?
answers: text: mechanically

question: What type of vehicles are the passenger cabs?
answers: text: automated guided vehicles or AGVs

question: What action do the cabs take before the elevator begins to move?
answers: text: move into the vertical motion shaft and lock themselves in

question: What is special about the doorways of the top floors?
answers: text: The doorways of the top few "floors" of the attraction are open to the outdoor environment

question: What does this allow riders to do at the top?
answers: text: look out from the top of the structure
context: The passenger cabs are mechanically separated from the lift mechanism, thus allowing the elevator shafts to be used continuously while passengers board and embark from the cabs, as well as move through show scenes on various floors. The passenger cabs, which are automated guided vehicles or AGVs, move into the vertical motion shaft and lock themselves in before the elevator starts moving vertically. Multiple elevator shafts are used to further improve passenger throughput. The doorways of the top few "floors" of the attraction are open to the outdoor environment, thus allowing passengers to look out from the top of the structure.

qas: question: What are the 67th, 69th, and 70th floors of the GE Building at Rockerfeller Center nicknamed?
answers: text: "Top of the Rock"

question: What do these floors serve as?
answers: text: observation decks

question: What type of elevator is featured?
answers: text: high-speed glass-top

question: How long is the short trip?
answers: text: about 60 seconds

question: The special effects include blue light, music playing and what else?
answers: text: various animations are also displayed on the ceiling
context: Guests ascending to the 67th, 69th, and 70th level observation decks (dubbed "Top of the Rock") atop the GE Building at Rockefeller Center in New York City ride a high-speed glass-top elevator. When entering the cab, it appears to be any normal elevator ride. However, once the cab begins moving, the interior lights turn off and a special blue light above the cab turns on. This lights the entire shaft, so riders can see the moving cab through its glass ceiling as it rises and lowers through the shaft. Music plays and various animations are also displayed on the ceiling. The entire ride takes about 60 seconds.

qas: question:  The Haunted Mansion at Disneyland in California and the one in Paris, France sharewhat attribute?
answers: text: takes place on an elevator

question: What is the name of area that is really an elevator?
answers: text: The "stretching room"

question: What is included in the elevator's design?
answers: text: The elevator has no ceiling and its shaft is decorated to look like walls of a mansion

question: What is the illusion given by these effects?
answers: text: the illusion of the room stretching
context: Part of the Haunted Mansion attraction at Disneyland in Anaheim, California, and Disneyland in Paris, France, takes place on an elevator. The "stretching room" on the ride is actually an elevator that travels downwards, giving access to a short underground tunnel which leads to the rest of the attraction. The elevator has no ceiling and its shaft is decorated to look like walls of a mansion. Because there is no roof, passengers are able to see the walls of the shaft by looking up, which gives the illusion of the room stretching.