Philadelphia

qas: question: Who founded Philadelphia?
answers: text: William Penn

question: What role did Philadelphia play in the American Revolution?
answers: text: a meeting place for the Founding Fathers

question: What purpose did Philadelphia serve while D.C. was under construction?
answers: text: temporary U.S. capital

question: When did it reach 2 million occupants>
answers: text: 1950
context: In 1682, William Penn founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787. Philadelphia was one of the nation's capitals in the Revolutionary War, and served as temporary U.S. capital while Washington, D.C., was under construction. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became a major industrial center and railroad hub that grew from an influx of European immigrants. It became a prime destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration and surpassed two million occupants by 1950.

qas: question: What was the historical economic base of Philadelphia?
answers: text: manufacturing

question: When did the city near bankruptcy?
answers: text: late 1980s

question: Where did wealthy residents move?
answers: text: suburbs

question: Who replaced the wealthy?
answers: text: immigrants
context: Based on the similar shifts underway the nation's economy after 1960, Philadelphia experienced a loss of manufacturing companies and jobs to lower taxed regions of the USA and often overseas. As a result, the economic base of Philadelphia, which had historically been manufacturing, declined significantly. In addition, consolidation in several American industries (retailing, financial services and health care in particular) reduced the number of companies headquartered in Philadelphia. The economic impact of these changes would reduce Philadelphia's tax base and the resources of local government. Philadelphia struggled through a long period of adjustment to these economic changes, coupled with significant demographic change as wealthier residents moved into the nearby suburbs and more immigrants moved into the city. The city in fact approached bankruptcy in the late 1980s. Revitalization began in the 1990s, with gentrification turning around many neighborhoods and reversing its decades-long trend of population loss.

qas: question: What is the GDP of the city?
answers: text: $388 billion

question: Where does it rank in comparison to other US cities in GDP?
answers: text: fourth

question: How many Fortune 500 companies call Philadelpia home?
answers: text: seven

question: How many domestic tourists visit annually?
answers: text: 39 million

question: What branch of the US military was born in Philadelphia?
answers: text: United States Marine Corps
context: The area's many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational and economic hub. With a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of economic activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with several nationally prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and history, attracting over 39 million domestic tourists in 2013. Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city, and Fairmount Park is the largest landscaped urban park in the world. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism. Philadelphia is the birthplace of the United States Marine Corps, and is also the home of many U.S. firsts, including the first library (1731), first hospital (1751) and medical school (1765), first Capitol (1777), first stock exchange (1790), first zoo (1874), and first business school (1881). Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States.

qas: question: What native American tribe lived in the area before settlement?
answers: text: Lenape

question: What other tribe occasionally fought against the Lenape?
answers: text: Iroquois

question: What disease killed the most Lenape?
answers: text: smallpox

question: Where did the Lenape go after being pushed out of the Philidelphia area?
answers: text: upper Ohio River basin

question: Where do the Lenape reside today?
answers: text: Oklahoma
context: Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape (Delaware) Indians in the village of Shackamaxon. The Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their historical territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island and the Lower Hudson Valley.[a] Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, exacerbated by losses from intertribal conflicts. Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape. Surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States' independence pushed them further west. In the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma and surrounding territory) under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with some communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario (Canada) and in their traditional homelands.

qas: question: Who were the first settlers to the Delaware Valley?
answers: text: the Dutch

question: What was the name of the first settlement in the area?
answers: text: Fort Nassau

question: Who claimed the entire Delaware River?
answers: text: The Dutch

question: When did the English conquer the New Netherland colony?
answers: text: 1664
context: Europeans came to the Delaware Valley in the early 17th century, with the first settlements founded by the Dutch, who in 1623 built Fort Nassau on the Delaware River opposite the Schuylkill River in what is now Brooklawn, New Jersey. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony. In 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina (present day Wilmington, Delaware) and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their military defeat of the English colony of Maryland. In 1648, the Dutch built Fort Beversreede on the west bank of the Delaware, south of the Schuylkill near the present-day Eastwick section of Philadelphia, to reassert their dominion over the area. The Swedes responded by building Fort Nya Korsholm, named New Korsholm after a town that is now in Finland. In 1655, a Dutch military campaign led by New Netherland Director-General Peter Stuyvesant took control of the Swedish colony, ending its claim to independence, although the Swedish and Finnish settlers continued to have their own militia, religion, and court, and to enjoy substantial autonomy under the Dutch. The English conquered the New Netherland colony in 1664, but the situation did not really change until 1682, when the area was included in William Penn's charter for Pennsylvania.

qas: question: Who founded the Pennsylvania colony?
answers: text: William Penn

question: Who did Penn buy the land from?
answers: text: Lenape

question: What religion did William Penn practice?
answers: text: Quaker

question: When was Philadelphia established as a city?
answers: text: 1701

question: What type of street layout did Penn use for Philadelphia?
answers: text: grid plan
context: In 1681, in partial repayment of a debt, Charles II of England granted William Penn a charter for what would become the Pennsylvania colony. Despite the royal charter, Penn bought the land from the local Lenape to be on good terms with the Native Americans and ensure peace for his colony. Penn made a treaty of friendship with Lenape chief Tammany under an elm tree at Shackamaxon, in what is now the city's Fishtown section. Penn named the city Philadelphia, which is Greek for brotherly love (from philos, "love" or "friendship", and adelphos, "brother"). As a Quaker, Penn had experienced religious persecution and wanted his colony to be a place where anyone could worship freely. This tolerance, far more than afforded by most other colonies, led to better relations with the local Native tribes and fostered Philadelphia's rapid growth into America's most important city. Penn planned a city on the Delaware River to serve as a port and place for government. Hoping that Philadelphia would become more like an English rural town instead of a city, Penn laid out roads on a grid plan to keep houses and businesses spread far apart, with areas for gardens and orchards. The city's inhabitants did not follow Penn's plans, as they crowded by the Delaware River, the port, and subdivided and resold their lots. Before Penn left Philadelphia for the last time, he issued the Charter of 1701 establishing it as a city. It became an important trading center, poor at first, but with tolerable living conditions by the 1750s. Benjamin Franklin, a leading citizen, helped improve city services and founded new ones, such as fire protection, a library, and one of the American colonies' first hospitals.

qas: question: What important revolutionary document was signed in Philadelphia?
answers: text: Declaration of Independence,

question: When did Philadelphia host the Constitutional Convention?
answers: text: 1787

question: How many Revolutionary War battles were fought around Philadelphia?
answers: text: Several
context: Philadelphia's importance and central location in the colonies made it a natural center for America's revolutionaries. By the 1750s, Philadelphia had surpassed Boston to become the largest city and busiest port in British America, and second in the British Empire, behind London. The city hosted the First Continental Congress before the American Revolutionary War; the Second Continental Congress, which signed the United States Declaration of Independence, during the war; and the Constitutional Convention (1787) after the war. Several battles were fought in and near Philadelphia as well.

qas: question: When did the US government leave Philadelphia for D.C.?
answers: text: 1799

question: What religion did the black community found?
answers: text: African Methodist Episcopal Church

question: Which city surpassed the population of Philadelphia?
answers: text: New York City

question: What type of economy did Philadelphia have?
answers: text: industrial
context: The state government left Philadelphia in 1799, and the federal government was moved to Washington, DC in 1800 with completion of the White House and Capitol. The city remained the young nation's largest with a population of nearly 50,000 at the turn of the 19th century; it was a financial and cultural center. Before 1800, its free black community founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), the first independent black denomination in the country, and the first black Episcopal Church. The free black community also established many schools for its children, with the help of Quakers. New York City soon surpassed Philadelphia in population, but with the construction of roads, canals, and railroads, Philadelphia became the first major industrial city in the United States.

qas: question: What was Philadelphia's biggest industry during the 19th century?
answers: text: textiles

question: When was the first World's Fair?
answers: text: 1876

question: Which were the two biggest immigrant groups in Philadelphia?
answers: text: Irish and German

question: What is the size in square miles today?
answers: text: 130 square miles
context: Throughout the 19th century, Philadelphia had a variety of industries and businesses, the largest being textiles. Major corporations in the 19th and early 20th centuries included the Baldwin Locomotive Works, William Cramp and Sons Ship and Engine Building Company, and the Pennsylvania Railroad. Industry, along with the U.S. Centennial, was celebrated in 1876 with the Centennial Exposition, the first official World's Fair in the United States. Immigrants, mostly Irish and German, settled in Philadelphia and the surrounding districts. The rise in population of the surrounding districts helped lead to the Act of Consolidation of 1854, which extended the city limits of Philadelphia from the 2 square miles of present-day Center City to the roughly 130 square miles of Philadelphia County.

qas: question: Who carried out the first strike in North America?
answers: text: immigrants

question: When did the strike take place?
answers: text: 1835

question: What did the strikers achieve?
answers: text: ten-hour workday

question: Why did so many Irish immigrants come to Philadelphia?
answers: text: the Great Famine

question: When did the black population explode?
answers: text: Between 1880 and 1930
context: These immigrants were largely responsible for the first general strike in North America in 1835, in which workers in the city won the ten-hour workday. The city was a destination for thousands of Irish immigrants fleeing the Great Famine in the 1840s; housing for them was developed south of South Street, and was later occupied by succeeding immigrants. They established a network of Catholic churches and schools, and dominated the Catholic clergy for decades. Anti-Irish, anti-Catholic Nativist riots had erupted in Philadelphia in 1844. In the latter half of the century, immigrants from Russia, Eastern Europe and Italy; and African Americans from the southern U.S. settled in the city. Between 1880 and 1930, the African-American population of Philadelphia increased from 31,699 to 219,559. Twentieth-century black newcomers were part of the Great Migration out of the rural South to northern and midwestern industrial cities.

qas: question: Which political party controlled Philadelphia in the early 20th century?
answers: text: Republican

question: What phrase could describe Philadelphia of the early 20th century?
answers: text: corrupt and contented

question: When did the first major political reform occur?
answers: text: 1917
context: By the 20th century, Philadelphia had become known as "corrupt and contented", with a complacent population and an entrenched Republican political machine. The first major reform came in 1917 when outrage over the election-year murder of a police officer led to the shrinking of the Philadelphia City Council from two houses to just one. In July 1919, Philadelphia was one of more than 36 industrial cities nationally to suffer a race riot of ethnic whites against blacks during Red Summer, in post-World War I unrest, as recent immigrants competed with blacks for jobs. In the 1920s, the public flouting of Prohibition laws, mob violence, and police involvement in illegal activities led to the appointment of Brigadier General Smedley Butler of the U.S. Marine Corps as director of public safety, but political pressure prevented any long-term success in fighting crime and corruption.

qas: question: When was the peak of Philadelphia's population?
answers: text: 1950

question: Why did the population decline after this time?
answers: text: the loss of many middle-class union jobs

question: What is the main driver of the economy now?
answers: text: service businesses

question: What is another large industry?
answers: text: a tourist destination

question: How much of the population left after 1950?
answers: text: one-quarter
context: In 1940, non-Hispanic whites constituted 86.8% of the city's population. The population peaked at more than two million residents in 1950, then began to decline with the restructuring of industry, which led to the loss of many middle-class union jobs. In addition, suburbanization had been drawing off many of the wealthier residents to outlying railroad commuting towns and newer housing. Revitalization and gentrification of neighborhoods began in the late 1970s and continues into the 21st century, with much of the development in the Center City and University City areas of the city. After many of the old manufacturers and businesses left Philadelphia or shut down, the city started attracting service businesses and began to more aggressively market itself as a tourist destination. Glass-and-granite skyscrapers were built in Center City. Historic areas such as Independence National Historical Park located in Old City and Society Hill were renovated during the reformist mayoral era of the 1950s through the 1980s. They are now among the most desirable living areas of Center City. This has slowed the city's 40-year population decline after it lost nearly one-quarter of its population.

qas: question: Who planned the central city?
answers: text: Thomas Holme

question: Which rivers run through the city?
answers: text: The Delaware River and Schuylkill Rivers

question: How many public parks did Penn plan?
answers: text: five

question: How many live in the central area today?
answers: text: 183,240
context: Philadelphia's central city was created in the 17th century following the plan by William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme. Center City is structured with long straight streets running east-west and north-south forming a grid pattern. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire. The Delaware River and Schuylkill Rivers served as early boundaries between which the city's early street plan was kept within. In addition, Penn planned the creation of five public parks in the city which were renamed in 1824 (in parenthesis): Centre Square, North East Publick Square (Franklin Square), Northwest Square (Logan Square), Southwest Square (Rittenhouse Square), and Southeast Square (Washington Square). Center City has grown into the second-most populated downtown area in the United States, after Midtown Manhattan in New York City, with an estimated 183,240 residents in 2015.

qas: question: How many planning districts make up Philadelphia?
answers: text: 18

question: When was the 1980 zoning code revamped?
answers: text: 2007–2012

question: Which two mayors accomplished the zoning code revamp?
answers: text: John F. Street and Michael Nutter
context: The City Planning Commission, tasked with guiding growth and development of the city, has divided the city into 18 planning districts as part of the Philadelphia2035 physical development plan. Much of the city's 1980 zoning code was overhauled from 2007–2012 as part of a joint effort between former mayors John F. Street and Michael Nutter. The zoning changes were intended to rectify incorrect zoning mapping that would streamline future community preferences and development, which the city forecasts an additional 100,000 residents and 40,000 jobs to be added to Philadelphia in 2035.

qas: question: Name 6 important Philadelphia architects?
answers: text: Benjamin Latrobe, William Strickland, John Haviland, John Notman, Thomas U. Walter, and Samuel Sloan

question: Who is Philadelphia's greatest architect of the later 19th century?
answers: text: Frank Furness

question: When did building begin on the Philadelphia CIty Hall?
answers: text: 1871

question: What commission was created in 1955?
answers: text: Philadelphia Historical Commission

question: What does this commission control?
answers: text: Philadelphia Register of Historic Places
context: In the first decades of the 19th century, Federal architecture and Greek Revival architecture were dominated by Philadelphia architects such as Benjamin Latrobe, William Strickland, John Haviland, John Notman, Thomas U. Walter, and Samuel Sloan. Frank Furness is considered Philadelphia's greatest architect of the second half of the 19th century, but his contemporaries included John McArthur, Jr., Addison Hutton, Wilson Eyre, the Wilson Brothers, and Horace Trumbauer. In 1871, construction began on the Second Empire-style Philadelphia City Hall. The Philadelphia Historical Commission was created in 1955 to preserve the cultural and architectural history of the city. The commission maintains the Philadelphia Register of Historic Places, adding historic buildings, structures, sites, objects and districts as it sees fit.

qas: question: How tall is the City Hall?
answers: text: 548 ft

question: What is the tallest building?
answers: text: Comcast Center

question: Which building under construction will surpass Comcast Center?
answers: text: Comcast Innovation and Technology Center
context: The 548 ft (167 m) City Hall remained the tallest building in the city until 1987 when One Liberty Place was constructed. Numerous glass and granite skyscrapers were built in Philadelphia's Center City from the late 1980s onwards. In 2007, the Comcast Center surpassed One Liberty Place to become the city's tallest building. The Comcast Innovation and Technology Center is under construction in Center City and is planned to reach a height of 1,121 feet (342 meters); upon completion, the tower is expected to be the tallest skyscraper in the United States outside of New York City and Chicago.

qas: question: What is the dominant type of house in Philadelphia?
answers: text: row house

question: What are row houses called outside of Philadelphia?
answers: text: Philadelphia rows

question: Name a type of row house in the city?
answers: text: Victorian-style homes in North Philadelphia to twin row houses in West Philadelphia

question: How old is most of the housing in Philadelphia?
answers: text: early 20th century or older

question: Which neighborhood has the oldest housing in America?
answers: text: Society Hill
context: For much of Philadelphia's history, the typical home has been the row house. The row house was introduced to the United States via Philadelphia in the early 19th century and, for a time, row houses built elsewhere in the United States were known as "Philadelphia rows". A variety of row houses are found throughout the city, from Victorian-style homes in North Philadelphia to twin row houses in West Philadelphia. While newer homes are scattered throughout the city, much of the housing is from the early 20th century or older. The great age of the homes has created numerous problems, including blight and vacant lots in many parts of the city, while other neighborhoods such as Society Hill, which has the largest concentration of 18th-century architecture in the United States, have been rehabilitated and gentrified.

qas: question: What climate zone does Philadelphia fall under?
answers: text: humid subtropical climate zone

question: What is the summer weather like?
answers: text: hot and muggy

question: What is the normal snowfall?
answers: text: 22.4 in

question: How much rain does Philly get on average?
answers: text: 41.5 inches

question: What is the most rain in one day?
answers: text: 8.02 in
context: Under the Köppen climate classification, Philadelphia falls in the northern periphery of the humid subtropical climate zone (Köppen Cfa). Summers are typically hot and muggy, fall and spring are generally mild, and winter is cold. Snowfall is highly variable, with some winters bringing only light snow and others bringing several major snowstorms, with the normal seasonal snowfall standing at 22.4 in (57 cm); snow in November or April is rare, and a sustained snow cover is rare. Precipitation is generally spread throughout the year, with eight to twelve wet days per month, at an average annual rate of 41.5 inches (1,050 mm), but historically ranging from 29.31 in (744 mm) in 1922 to 64.33 in (1,634 mm) in 2011. The most rain recorded in one day occurred on July 28, 2013, when 8.02 in (204 mm) fell at Philadelphia International Airport.

qas: question: What is the average January temp?
answers: text: 33.0 °F

question: What is the July average temp?
answers: text: 78.1 °F

question: What is the average time for freezing temps?
answers: text: November 6 thru April 2

question: How long does the grow season last on average?
answers: text: 217

question: Which month is the driest?
answers: text: February
context: The January daily average is 33.0 °F (0.6 °C), though, in a normal winter, the temperature frequently rises to 50 °F (10 °C) during thaws and dips to 10 °F (−12 °C) for 2 or 3 nights. July averages 78.1 °F (25.6 °C), although heat waves accompanied by high humidity and heat indices are frequent; highs reach or exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 27 days of the year. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 6 thru April 2, allowing a growing season of 217 days. Early fall and late winter are generally dry; February's average of 2.64 inches (67 mm) makes it the area's driest month. The dewpoint in the summer averages between 59.1 °F (15 °C) to 64.5 °F (18 °C).

qas: question: What is the 2014 population?
answers: text: 1,560,297

question: When was the low point in Philadelphia's population?
answers: text: 2006

question: How much is the population predicted to grow by 2035?
answers: text: 100,000
context: According to the 2014 United States Census estimates, there were 1,560,297 people residing in the City of Philadelphia, representing a 2.2% increase since 2010. From the 1960s up until 2006, the city's population declined year after year. It eventually reached a low of 1,488,710 residents in 2006 before beginning to rise again. Since 2006, Philadelphia added 71,587 residents in eight years. A study done by the city projected that the population would increase to about 1,630,000 residents by 2035, an increase of about 100,000 from 2010.

qas: question: What is the percent of blacks?
answers: text: 43.4%

question: What is the percent of whites?
answers: text: 41.0%

question: What is the hispanic make-up of the population?
answers: text: 12.3%

question: What is the largest European ancestry?
answers: text: Irish (12.5%)
context: In comparison, the 2010 Census Redistricting Data indicated that the racial makeup of the city was 661,839 (43.4%) African American, 626,221 (41.0%) White, 6,996 (0.5%) Native American, 96,405 (6.3%) Asian (2.0% Chinese, 1.2% Indian, 0.9% Vietnamese, 0.6% Cambodian, 0.4% Korean, 0.3% Filipino, 0.2% Pakistani, 0.1% Indonesian), 744 (0.0%) Pacific Islander, 90,731 (5.9%) from other races, and 43,070 (2.8%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 187,611 persons (12.3%); 8.0% of Philadelphia is Puerto Rican, 1.0% Dominican, 1.0% Mexican, 0.3% Cuban, and 0.3% Colombian. The racial breakdown of Philadelphia's Hispanic/Latino population was 63,636 (33.9%) White, 17,552 (9.4%) African American, 3,498 (1.9%) Native American, 884 (0.47%) Asian, 287 (0.15%) Pacific Islander, 86,626 (46.2%) from other races, and 15,128 (8.1%) from two or more races. The five largest European ancestries reported in the 2010 United States Census Census included Irish (12.5%), Italian (8.4%), German (8.1%), Polish (3.6%), and English (3.0%).

qas: question: What is the density?
answers: text: 11,457 people per square mile

question: How many houses or apartments were there in 2010?
answers: text: 670,171

question: What percent are vacant as of 2013?
answers: text: 13 percent

question: What percent don't own cars?
answers: text: 32

question: What percent own 2 or more cars?
answers: text: 23
context: The average population density was 11,457 people per square mile (4,405.4/km²). The Census reported that 1,468,623 people (96.2% of the population) lived in households, 38,007 (2.5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 19,376 (1.3%) were institutionalized. In 2013, the city reported having 668,247 total housing units, down slightly from 670,171 housing units in 2010. As of 2013[update], 87 percent of housing units were occupied, while 13 percent were vacant, a slight change from 2010 where 89.5 percent of units were occupied, or 599,736 and 10.5 percent were vacant, or 70,435. Of the city's residents, 32 percent reported having no vehicles available while 23 percent had two or more vehicles available, as of 2013[update].

qas: question: At the last census how many households had children under 18 in them?
answers: text: 24.9 percent

question: What percent were non-family households?
answers: text: 43.2

question: What is the size of the average household?
answers: text: 2.45

question: Percentage of unwed births?
answers: text: 56
context: In 2010, 24.9 percent of households reported having children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.3 percent were married couples living together and 22.5 percent had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0 percent had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.2 percent were non-families. The city reported 34.1 percent of all households were made up of individuals while 10.5 percent had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 3.20. In 2013, the percentage of women who gave birth in the previous 12 months who were unmarried was 56 percent. Of Philadelphia's adults, 31 percent were married or lived as a couple, 55 percent were not married, 11 percent were divorced or separated, and 3 percent were widowed.

qas: question: What was the median household income in 2013?
answers: text: $36,836

question: What is the name of a wealthy neighborhood?
answers: text: Society Hill

question: What is the lowest median income in Philadelphia?
answers: text: $14,185
context: According to the Census Bureau, the median household income in 2013 was $36,836, down 7.9 percent from 2008 when the median household income was $40,008 (in 2013 dollars). For comparison, the median household income among metropolitan areas was $60,482, down 8.2 percent in the same period, and the national median household income was $55,250, down 7.0 percent from 2008. The city's wealth disparity is evident when neighborhoods are compared. Residents in Society Hill had a median household income of $93,720 while residents in one of North Philadelphia's districts reported the lowest median household income, $14,185.

qas: question: What is the city's largest age group?
answers: text: 25- to 29-year-old

question: How many people at the last census were under 18?
answers: text: 343,837

question: How many baby's were there in 2013?
answers: text: 22,018

question: How many deaths were there in 2013?
answers: text: 13,691
context: During the last decade, Philadelphia experienced a large shift in its age profile. In 2000, the city's population pyramid had a largely stationary shape. In 2013, the city took on an expansive pyramid shape, with an increase in the three millennial age groups, 20 to 24, 25 to 29, and 30 to 34. The city's 25- to 29-year-old age group was the city's largest age cohort. According to the 2010 Census, 343,837 (22.5%) were under the age of 18; 203,697 (13.3%) from 18 to 25; 434,385 (28.5%) from 25 to 44; 358,778 (23.5%) from 45 to 64; and 185,309 (12.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.5 years. For every 100 females there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males. The city had 22,018 births in 2013, down from a peak 23,689 births in 2008. Philadelphia's death rate was at its lowest in at least a half-century, 13,691 deaths in 2013. Another factor attributing to the population increase is Philadelphia's immigration rate. In 2013, 12.7 percent of residents were foreign-born, just shy of the national average, 13.1 percent.

qas: question: Name the six largest European ethnic groups in the city?
answers: text: Irish, Italians, Polish, Germans, English, and Greeks

question: Which city has the largest Irish and Italian populations?
answers: text: New York City

question: What area of the city has a large Italian neighborhood?
answers: text: South Philadelphia

question: Which three areas are high in Irish and Polish?
answers: text: Kensington section, Port Richmond, and Fishtown

question: Which part of the city has a large Jewish area?
answers: text: Mount Airy
context: Irish, Italians, Polish, Germans, English, and Greeks are the largest ethnic European groups in the city. Philadelphia has the second-largest Irish and Italian populations in the United States, after New York City. South Philadelphia remains one of the largest Italian neighborhoods in the country and is home to the Italian Market. The Pennsport neighborhood and Gray's Ferry section of South Philadelphia, home to many Mummer clubs, are well known as Irish neighborhoods. The Kensington section, Port Richmond, and Fishtown have historically been heavily Irish and Polish. Port Richmond is well known in particular as the center of the Polish immigrant and Polish-American community in Philadelphia, and it remains a common destination for Polish immigrants. Northeast Philadelphia, although known for its Irish and Irish-American population, is also home to a large Jewish and Russian population. Mount Airy in Northwest Philadelphia also contains a large Jewish community, while nearby Chestnut Hill is historically known as an Anglo-Saxon Protestant stronghold.

qas: question: Name three sub-cultures in the Center City?
answers: text: yuppie, bohemian, and hipster

question: What is the name of the gay district?
answers: text: Gayborhood

question: Name a University located in the city?
answers: text: Drexel and University of Pennsylvania
context: There has also been an increase of yuppie, bohemian, and hipster types particularly around Center City, the neighborhood of Northern Liberties, and in the neighborhoods around the city's universities, such as near Temple in North Philadelphia and particularly near Drexel and University of Pennsylvania in West Philadelphia. Philadelphia is also home to a significant gay and lesbian population. Philadelphia's Gayborhood, which is located near Washington Square, is home to a large concentration of gay and lesbian friendly businesses, restaurants, and bars.

qas: question: What percent of 5 year olds or older speak English?
answers: text: 79.12%

question: What percent of 5 year olds or older speak Spanish?
answers: text: 9.72%

question: What is the total over 5's that speak another language than English?
answers: text: 20.88%
context: As of 2010[update], 79.12% (1,112,441) of Philadelphia residents age 5 and older spoke English at home as a primary language, while 9.72% (136,688) spoke Spanish, 1.64% (23,075) Chinese, 0.89% (12,499) Vietnamese, 0.77% (10,885) Russian, 0.66% (9,240) French, 0.61% (8,639) other Asian languages, 0.58% (8,217) African languages, 0.56% (7,933) Cambodian (Mon-Khmer), and Italian was spoken as a main language by 0.55% (7,773) of the population over the age of five. In total, 20.88% (293,544) of Philadelphia's population age 5 and older spoke a mother language other than English.

qas: question: Unemployment rate in 2014?
answers: text: 7.8%

question: What was the average unemployment rate in the U.S. in 2014?
answers: text: 6.2%

question: How many jobs were gained in 2014?
answers: text: 8,800

question: What industries accounted for most of the city's job gains?
answers: text: education and health services, leisure and hospitality, and professional and business services

question: What industries suffered declines?
answers: text: manufacturing and government
context: Philadelphia's an annualized unemployment rate was 7.8% in 2014, down from 10.0%the previous year. This is higher than the national average of 6.2%. Similarly, the rate of new jobs added to the city's economy lagged behind the national job growth. In 2014, about 8,800 jobs were added to the city's economy. Sectors with the largest number of jobs added were in education and health services, leisure and hospitality, and professional and business services. Declines were seen in the city's manufacturing and government sectors.

qas: question: Which is the biggest historical sites?
answers: text: Independence National Historical Park

question: How many UNESCO sites does the U.S. have?
answers: text: 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites

question: Where was the Declaration of Independence signed?
answers: text: Independence National Historical Park

question: What famous bell is in Philadelphia?
answers: text: the Liberty Bell

question: What famous writer has a house in Philadelphia?
answers: text: Edgar Allan Poe
context: Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other historic sites include homes for Edgar Allan Poe, Betsy Ross, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country.

qas: question: Name the archaeology museum?
answers: text: University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology

question: Name a museum named after a founding father?
answers: text: Franklin Institute

question: Which city had the nations first zoo?
answers: text: Philadelphia

question: Name Philidelphia's largest park?
answers: text: Fairmount Park
context: Philadelphia's major science museums include the Franklin Institute, which contains the Benjamin Franklin National Memorial; the Academy of Natural Sciences; the Mütter Museum; and the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. History museums include the National Constitution Center, the Atwater Kent Museum of Philadelphia History, the National Museum of American Jewish History, the African American Museum in Philadelphia, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons in the state of Pennsylvania and The Masonic Library and Museum of Pennsylvania and Eastern State Penitentiary. Philadelphia is home to the United States' first zoo and hospital, as well as Fairmount Park, one of America's oldest and largest urban parks.

qas: question: Name the accent spoken in the area?
answers: text: The Philadelphia dialect

question: Which dialect is it similar to?
answers: text: Baltimore dialect

question: What other city is similar to Philadelphia's accent?
answers: text: New York

question: Who studies the accent at the University of Pennsylvania?
answers: text: William Labov
context: The Philadelphia dialect, which is spread throughout the Delaware Valley and South Jersey, is part of Mid-Atlantic American English, and as such it is identical in many ways to the Baltimore dialect. Unlike the Baltimore dialect, however, the Philadelphia accent also shares many similarities with the New York accent. Thanks to over a century of linguistics data collected by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania, the Philadelphia dialect under sociolinguist William Labov has been one of the best-studied forms of American English.[f]

qas: question: Name two districts with good night life?
answers: text: South Street and Old City

question: What is the home of the orchestra?
answers: text: Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts

question: What is the countries oldest opera house?
answers: text: Academy of Music

question: Who uses the opera house?
answers: text: Opera Company of Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Ballet

question: What is the oldest theater in the U.S.?
answers: text: Walnut Street Theatre
context: Areas such as South Street and Old City have a vibrant night life. The Avenue of the Arts in Center City contains many restaurants and theaters, such as the Kimmel Center for the Performing Arts, which is home to the Philadelphia Orchestra, generally considered one of the top five orchestras in the United States, and the Academy of Music, the nation's oldest continually operating opera house, home to the Opera Company of Philadelphia and the Pennsylvania Ballet. The Wilma Theatre and Philadelphia Theatre Company have new buildings constructed in the last decade on the avenue. They produce a variety of new works. Several blocks to the east are the Walnut Street Theatre, America's oldest theatre and the largest subscription theater in the world; as well as the Lantern Theatre at St. Stephens Church, one of a number of smaller venues.

qas: question: Which American city has the most public art?
answers: text: Philadelphia

question: What was the Assoc. for Public Art called in the past?
answers: text: Fairmount Park Art Association

question: How many pieces of art were funded by the Percent for Art ordinance?
answers: text: more than 200
context: Philadelphia has more public art than any other American city. In 1872, the Association for Public Art (formerly the Fairmount Park Art Association) was created, the first private association in the United States dedicated to integrating public art and urban planning. In 1959, lobbying by the Artists Equity Association helped create the Percent for Art ordinance, the first for a U.S. city. The program, which has funded more than 200 pieces of public art, is administered by the Philadelphia Office of Arts and Culture, the city's art agency.

qas: question: Name a type of music from the 70's that influenced the nation?
answers: text: Philadelphia soul

question: What concert did Philly host on July13th, 1985?
answers: text: Live Aid

question: What is the name of the stadium that held Live Aid?
answers: text: John F. Kennedy Stadium

question: Name a hip/hop artist from the city?
answers: text: The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes
context: Philadelphia artists have had a prominent national role in popular music. In the 1970s, Philadelphia soul influenced the music of that and later eras. On July 13, 1985, Philadelphia hosted the American end of the Live Aid concert at John F. Kennedy Stadium. The city reprised this role for the Live 8 concert, bringing some 700,000 people to the Ben Franklin Parkway on July 2, 2005. Philadelphia is home to the world-renowned Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale, which has performed its music all over the world. Dr. Robert G. Hamilton, founder of the choir, is a notable native Philadelphian. The Philly Pops is another famous Philadelphia music group. The city has played a major role in the development and support of American rock music and rap music. Hip-hop/Rap artists such as The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes hail from the city.

qas: question: What water sport is popular in the city?
answers: text: Rowing

question: What is the symbol of rowing in the city?
answers: text: Boathouse Row

question: What is the name of the big rowing races?
answers: text: Dad Vail Regatta, the largest intercollegiate rowing event in the U.S, the Stotesbury Cup Regatta, and the Head of the Schuylkill Regatta

question: Where are these races held?
answers: text: Schuylkill River
context: Rowing has been popular in Philadelphia since the 18th century. Boathouse Row is a symbol of Philadelphia's rich rowing history, and each Big Five member has its own boathouse. Philadelphia hosts numerous local and collegiate rowing clubs and competitions, including the annual Dad Vail Regatta, the largest intercollegiate rowing event in the U.S, the Stotesbury Cup Regatta, and the Head of the Schuylkill Regatta, all of which are held on the Schuylkill River. The regattas are hosted and organized by the Schuylkill Navy, an association of area rowing clubs that has produced numerous Olympic rowers.

qas: question: What type of government does Philadelphia have?
answers: text: strong-mayor version of the mayor-council

question: How many terms can a mayor serve?
answers: text: two consecutive four-year terms

question: Who is the current mayor?
answers: text: Jim Kenney

question: What party does the mayor represent?
answers: text: Democratic Party

question: What is the legislative branch called?
answers: text: Philadelphia City Council
context: The city uses the strong-mayor version of the mayor-council form of government, which is headed by one mayor, in whom executive authority is vested. Elected at-large, the mayor is limited to two consecutive four-year terms under the city's home rule charter, but can run for the position again after an intervening term. The Mayor is Jim Kenney, who replaced Michael Nutter, who served two terms from 2009 to January 2016. Kenney, as all Philadelphia mayors have been since 1952, is a member of the Democratic Party, which tends to dominate local politics so thoroughly that the Democratic Mayoral primary is often more widely covered than the general election. The legislative branch, the Philadelphia City Council, consists of ten council members representing individual districts and seven members elected at large. Democrats currently hold 14 seats, with Republicans representing two allotted at-large seats for the minority party, as well as the Northeast-based Tenth District. The current council president is Darrell Clarke.

qas: question: What is the main trial court called?
answers: text: The Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas (First Judicial District)

question: What type of cases are heard here?
answers: text: felony-level criminal cases and civil suits above the minimum jurisdictional limit of $7000

question: How are judges appointed?
answers: text: elected by the voters

question: Who was the last Republican DA?
answers: text: Ron Castille
context: The Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas (First Judicial District) is the trial court of general jurisdiction for Philadelphia, hearing felony-level criminal cases and civil suits above the minimum jurisdictional limit of $7000 (excepting small claims cases valued between $7000 and $12000 and landlord-tenant issues heard in the Municipal Court) under its original jurisdiction; it also has appellate jurisdiction over rulings from the Municipal and Traffic Courts and over decisions of certain Pennsylvania state agencies (e.g. the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board). It has 90 legally trained judges elected by the voters. It is funded and operated largely by city resources and employees. The current District Attorney is Seth Williams, a Democrat. The last Republican to hold the office is Ron Castille, who left in 1991 and is currently the Chief Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court.

qas: question: What party dominated until the mid-20th century
answers: text: Republican Party

question: What happened in Philadelphia in 1856?
answers: text: Philadelphia was chosen as the host city for the first Republican National Convention in 1856

question: When did the Democrats take the city?
answers: text: 1936

question: Who won the most votes in the city in '08?
answers: text: Barack Obama
context: From the American Civil War until the mid-20th century, Philadelphia was a bastion of the Republican Party, which arose from the staunch pro-Northern views of Philadelphia residents during and after the war (Philadelphia was chosen as the host city for the first Republican National Convention in 1856). After the Great Depression, Democratic registrations increased, but the city was not carried by Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt in his landslide victory of 1932 (in which Pennsylvania was one of the few states won by Republican Herbert Hoover). Four years later, however, voter turnout surged and the city finally flipped to the Democrats. Roosevelt carried Philadelphia with over 60% of the vote in 1936. The city has remained loyally Democratic in every presidential election since. It is now one of the most Democratic in the country; in 2008, Democrat Barack Obama drew 83% of the city's vote. Obama's win was even greater in 2012, capturing 85% of the vote.

qas: question: How many congressional districts are there in the city?
answers: text: four

question: How many congressional districts were there at the peak population?
answers: text: six

question: Who represents the 8th district?
answers: text: Mike Fitzpatrick

question: When was the last major Republican representation of a large part of the city?
answers: text: 1983

question: Who was the last Republican to be fairly competitive in the mayoral race?
answers: text: Sam Katz
context: Philadelphia once comprised six congressional districts. However, as a result of the city's declining population, it now has only four: the 1st district, represented by Bob Brady; the 2nd, represented by Chaka Fattah; the 8th, represented by Mike Fitzpatrick; and the 13th, represented by Brendan Boyle. All but Fitzpatrick are Democrats. Although they are usually swamped by Democrats in city, state and national elections, Republicans still have some support in the area, primarily in the northeast. A Republican represented a significant portion of Philadelphia in the House as late as 1983, and Sam Katz ran competitive mayoral races as the Republican nominee in both 1999 and 2003.

qas: question: Did the crime rate go up or down after the War years?
answers: text: pronounced rise in crime in the years following World War II

question: How many murders occurred in 1990?
answers: text: 525

question: What was the average murder rate during the 90's?
answers: text: 600

question: How many murders occurred in 2013?
answers: text: 246
context: Like many American cities, Philadelphia saw a gradual yet pronounced rise in crime in the years following World War II. There were 525 murders in 1990, a rate of 31.5 per 100,000. There were an average of about 600 murders a year for most of the 1990s. The murder count dropped in 2002 to 288, then rose four years later to 406 in 2006 and 392 in 2007. A few years later, Philadelphia began to see a rapid drop in homicides and violent crime. In 2013, there were 246 murders, which is a decrease of over 25% from the previous year, and a decrease of over 44% since 2007. And in 2014, there were 248 homicides, up by one since 2013.

qas: question: When did shootings peak in the city?
answers: text: 2006

question: How many shootings were there in that year?
answers: text: 1,857

question: Has violent crime rate fallen or risen in the last 10 years?
answers: text: fell

question: What rank in danger does Philadelphia have in the U.S.?
answers: text: 54th
context: The number of shootings in the city has declined significantly in the last 10 years. Shooting incidents peaked in 2006 when 1,857 shootings were recorded. That number has dropped 44 percent to 1,047 shootings in 2014. Similarly, major crimes in the city has decreased gradually in the last ten years since its peak in 2006 when 85,498 major crimes were reported. In the past three years, the number of reported major crimes fell 11 percent to a total of 68,815. Violent crimes, which include homicide, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery, decreased 14 percent in the past three years with a reported 15,771 occurrences in 2014. Based on the rate of violent crimes per 1,000 residents in American cities with 25,000 people or more, Philadelphia was ranked as the 54th most dangerous city in 2015.

qas: question: Has public school enrollment dropped or increased in the last 5 years?
answers: text: dropped

question: How many public schools have been closed in 2013?
answers: text: 24

question: How much does the city spend per year per child?
answers: text: $12,570
context: The city's K-12 enrollment in district run schools has dropped in the last five years from 156,211 students in 2010 to 130,104 students in 2015. During the same time period, the enrollment in charter schools has increased from 33,995 students in 2010 to 62,358 students in 2015. This consistent drop in enrollment has led the city to close 24 of its public schools in 2013. During the 2014 school year, the city spent an average of $12,570 per pupil, below the average among comparable urban school districts.

qas: question: Have grad rates fallen or increased in the last years?
answers: text: increased

question: What was the grad rate in 2005?
answers: text: 52%

question: What was it in 2014?
answers: text: 65%

question: Is that the above or below the national average?
answers: text: below the national and state averages
context: Graduation rates among district-run schools, meanwhile, have steadily increased in the last ten years. In 2005, Philadelphia had a district graduation rate of 52%. This number has increased to 65% in 2014, still below the national and state averages. Scores on the state's standardized test, the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) have trended upward from 2005 to 2011 but have decreased since. In 2005, the district-run schools scored an average of 37.4% on math and 35.5% on reading. The city's schools reached its peak scores in 2011 with 59.0% on math and 52.3% on reading. In 2014, the scores dropped significantly to 45.2% on math and 42.0% on reading.

qas: question: What is the largest private institution in the city?
answers: text: Temple University

question: What are the 3 research universities in the city?
answers: text: University of Pennsylvania, Temple University and Drexel University

question: How many med schools are there?
answers: text: five
context: The city's largest private school by number of students is Temple University, followed by Drexel University. Along with the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University and Drexel University make up the city's major research universities. The city is also home to five schools of medicine: Drexel University College of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, and the Thomas Jefferson University. Hospitals, universities, and higher education research institutions in Philadelphia's four congressional districts received more than $252 million in National Institutes of Health grants in 2015.

qas: question: How many major papers are published?
answers: text: two

question: What is the 3rd oldest paper in the nation?
answers: text: Philadelphia Inquirer

question: Who owns the major papers in the city?
answers: text: Interstate General Media
context: Philadelphia's two major daily newspapers are The Philadelphia Inquirer, which is the eighteenth largest newspaper and third-oldest surviving daily newspaper in the country, and the Philadelphia Daily News. Both newspapers were purchased from The McClatchy Company (after buying out Knight Ridder) in 2006 by Philadelphia Media Holdings and operated by the group until the organization declared bankruptcy in 2010. After two years of financial struggle, the two newspapers were sold to Interstate General Media in 2012. The two newspapers have a combined circulation of about 500,000 readers.

qas: question: Name a smaller newspaper?
answers: text: Philadelphia Tribune

question: What community does the Tribune serve?
answers: text: African-American community

question: What paper serves the LGBT community?
answers: text: Philadelphia Gay News

question: Name a Jewish newspaper?
answers: text: The Jewish Exponent
context: The city also has a number of other, smaller newspapers and magazine in circulation such as the Philadelphia Tribune, which serves the African-American community, the Philadelphia, a monthly regional magazine; Philadelphia Weekly, an weekly-printed alternative newspaper; Philadelphia City Paper another weekly-printed newspaper; Philadelphia Gay News, which services the LGBT community; The Jewish Exponent a weekly-printed newspaper servicing the Jewish community; Philadelphia Metro, free daily newspaper; and Al Día, a weekly newspaper servicing the Latino community.

qas: question: Where was the first radio license granted?
answers: text: St. Joseph's College

question: When did the first radio stations appear?
answers: text: 1922

question: Name the 3 public radio stations?
answers: text: WHYY-FM (NPR), WRTI (jazz, classical), and WXPN-FM
context: The first experimental radio license was issued in Philadelphia in August 1912 to St. Joseph's College. The first commercial broadcasting radio stations appeared in 1922: first WIP, then owned by Gimbel's department store, on March 17, followed the same year by WFIL, WOO, WCAU and WDAS. The highest-rated stations in Philadelphia include soft rock WBEB, KYW Newsradio, and urban adult contemporary WDAS-FM. Philadelphia is served by three major non-commercial public radio stations, WHYY-FM (NPR), WRTI (jazz, classical), and WXPN-FM (adult alternative music), as well as several smaller stations.

qas: question: Who owned W3XE?
answers: text: Philco

question: When did it become NBC's first affiliate?
answers: text: 1939

question: What show started out in the city?
answers: text: Bandstand
context: In the 1930s, the experimental station W3XE, owned by Philco, became the first television station in Philadelphia; it became NBC's first affiliate in 1939, and later became KYW-TV (CBS). WCAU-TV, WPVI-TV, WHYY-TV, WPHL-TV, and WTXF-TV had all been founded by the 1970s. In 1952, WFIL (now WPVI) premiered the television show Bandstand, which later became the nationally broadcast American Bandstand hosted by Dick Clark. Today, as in many large metropolitan areas, each of the commercial networks has an affiliate, and call letters have been replaced by corporate IDs: CBS3, 6ABC, NBC10, Fox29, Telefutura28, Telemundo62, Univision65, plus My PHL 17 and CW Philly 57. The region is served also by public broadcasting stations WYBE-TV (Philadelphia), WHYY-TV (Wilmington, Delaware and Philadelphia), WLVT-TV (Lehigh Valley), and NJTV (New Jersey). In September 2007, Philadelphia approved a Public-access television cable TV channel.

qas: question: When did SEPTA service get cut?
answers: text: 1981

question: Why did SEPTA rail service get cut?
answers: text: lack of funding

question: Has service ever been restored?
answers: text: but lack of funding has again been the chief obstacle to implementation

question: Name a proposed project to repalce it?
answers: text: Schuylkill Valley Metro to Wyomissing, PA, and extension of the Media/Elwyn line back to Wawa, PA. SEPTA's Airport Regional Rail Line Regional Rail
context: In 1981, large sections of the SEPTA Regional Rail service to the far suburbs of Philadelphia were discontinued due to lack of funding. Several projects have been proposed to extend rail service back to these areas, but lack of funding has again been the chief obstacle to implementation. These projects include the proposed Schuylkill Valley Metro to Wyomissing, PA, and extension of the Media/Elwyn line back to Wawa, PA. SEPTA's Airport Regional Rail Line Regional Rail offers direct service to the Philadelphia International Airport.

qas: question: Name the main airport?
answers: text: Philadelphia International Airport (PHL)

question: Where does PHL rank in the list of busiest airports?
answers: text: 15th

question: What airline uses this airport as its primary international hub?
answers: text: American Airlines
context: Two airports serve Philadelphia: the Philadelphia International Airport (PHL), straddling the southern boundary of the city, and the Northeast Philadelphia Airport (PNE), a general aviation reliever airport in Northeast Philadelphia. Philadelphia International Airport provides scheduled domestic and international air service, while Northeast Philadelphia Airport serves general and corporate aviation. In 2013, Philadelphia International Airport was the 15th busiest airport in the world measured by traffic movements (i.e. takeoffs and landings). It is also the second largest hub and primary international hub for American Airlines.

qas: question: What is the main north-south freeway called?
answers: text: Delaware Expressway

question: What is part of I-76 called?
answers: text: Schuylkill Expressway

question: When was the Vine Street Expressway finished?
answers: text: 1991

question: Name a bridge in the city?
answers: text: Ben Franklin Bridge
context: Interstate 95 runs through the city along the Delaware River as a main north-south artery known as the Delaware Expressway. The city is also served by the Schuylkill Expressway, a portion of Interstate 76 that runs along the Schuylkill River. It meets the Pennsylvania Turnpike at King of Prussia, Pennsylvania, providing access to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania and points west. Interstate 676, the Vine Street Expressway, was completed in 1991 after years of planning. A link between I-95 and I-76, it runs below street level through Center City, connecting to the Ben Franklin Bridge at its eastern end.

qas: question: What is another name for the Roosevelt Expressway?
answers: text: U.S. 1

question: When was Woodhaven road built?
answers: text: 1966

question: What neighborhoods does Cottman Avenue serve?
answers: text: Northeast Philadelphia,

question: What is another name for The Fort Washington Expressway?
answers: text: Route 309

question: What is US-30 also known as?
answers: text: Lancaster Avenue
context: Roosevelt Boulevard and the Roosevelt Expressway (U.S. 1) connect Northeast Philadelphia with Center City. Woodhaven Road (Route 63), built in 1966, and Cottman Avenue (Route 73) serve the neighborhoods of Northeast Philadelphia, running between Interstate 95 and the Roosevelt Boulevard (U.S. 1). The Fort Washington Expressway (Route 309) extends north from the city's northern border, serving Montgomery County and Bucks County. U.S. 30, extending east-west from West Philadelphia to Lancaster, is known as Lancaster Avenue throughout most of the city and through the adjacent Main Line suburbs.

qas: question: What bus line uses the city as a hub?
answers: text: Greyhound Lines

question: Where is Greyhound terminal located?
answers: text: 1001 Filbert Street

question: How many other bus companies operate from Philadelphia?
answers: text: six

question: What is the name of the six bus companies?
answers: text: Bieber Tourways, Capitol Trailways, Martz Trailways, Peter Pan Bus Lines, Susquehanna Trailways, and the bus division for New Jersey Transit
context: Philadelphia is also a major hub for Greyhound Lines, which operates 24-hour service to points east of the Mississippi River. Most of Greyhound's services in Philadelphia operate to/from the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal, located at 1001 Filbert Street in Center City Philadelphia. In 2006, the Philadelphia Greyhound Terminal was the second busiest Greyhound terminal in the United States, after the Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York. Besides Greyhound, six other bus operators provide service to the Center City Greyhound terminal: Bieber Tourways, Capitol Trailways, Martz Trailways, Peter Pan Bus Lines, Susquehanna Trailways, and the bus division for New Jersey Transit. Other services include Megabus and Bolt Bus.

qas: question: Name 2 rail companies that use the city as a hub?
answers: text: Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Railroad

question: Where did the Pennsylvania Railroad have their first station?
answers: text: Broad Street Station

question: Where did the Reading operate out of?
answers: text: Reading Terminal

question: What is Reading Terminal called now?
answers: text: Pennsylvania Convention Center
context: Since the early days of rail transport in the United States, Philadelphia has served as hub for several major rail companies, particularly the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Reading Railroad. The Pennsylvania Railroad first operated Broad Street Station, then 30th Street Station and Suburban Station, and the Reading Railroad operated out of Reading Terminal, now part of the Pennsylvania Convention Center. The two companies also operated competing commuter rail systems in the area, known collectively as the Regional Rail system. The two systems today, for the most part still intact but now connected, operate as a single system under the control of the SEPTA, the regional transit authority. Additionally, the PATCO Speedline subway system and NJ Transit's Atlantic City Line operate successor services to southern New Jersey.

qas: question: What was the first water supply system called?
answers: text: Fairmount Water Works,

question: Who provides the city water now?
answers: text: Philadelphia Water Department

question: Where dos PWD get it's water from?
answers: text: Delaware River and the balance from the Schuylkill River

question: How many pumping stations are there in the sewer system?
answers: text: 21

question: How many miles of sewers are in the city?
answers: text: 3,657 miles
context: Historically, Philadelphia sourced its water by the Fairmount Water Works, the nation's first major urban water supply system. In 1909, Water Works was decommissioned as the city transitioned to modern sand filtration methods. Today, the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD) provides drinking water, wastewater collection, and stormwater services for Philadelphia, as well as surrounding counties. PWD draws about 57 percent of its drinking water from the Delaware River and the balance from the Schuylkill River. The public wastewater system consists of three water pollution control plants, 21 pumping stations, and about 3,657 miles of sewers. A 2007 investigation by the Environmental Protection Agency found elevated levels of Iodine-131 in the city's potable water.[citation needed] In 2012, the EPA's readings discovered that the city had the highest readings of I-131 in the nation. The city campaigned against an Associated Press report that the high levels of I-131 were the results of local gas drilling in the Upper Delaware River.[citation needed]

qas: question: What is the largest city owned gas utility?
answers: text: Philadelphia Gas Works

question: How many homes does PGW serve?
answers: text: 500,000

question: When was PGW founded?
answers: text: 1836

question: When did the city take PGW over?
answers: text: 1987
context: Philadelphia Gas Works (PGW), overseen by the Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission, is the nation's largest municipally owned natural gas utility. It serves over 500,000 homes and businesses in the Philadelphia area. Founded in 1836, the company came under city ownership in 1987 and has been providing the majority of gas distributed within city limits. In 2014, the Philadelphia City Council refused to conduct hearings on a $1.86 billion sale of PGW, part of a two-year effort that was proposed by the mayor. The refusal led to the prospective buyer terminating its offer.

qas: question: What area code is used in Philadelphia in 1947?
answers: text: 215

question: When was the 610 area code added?
answers: text: 1994

question: When was the 267 added?
answers: text: 1997
context: Southeastern Pennsylvania was assigned the 215 area code in 1947 when the North American Numbering Plan of the "Bell System" went into effect. The geographic area covered by the code was split nearly in half in 1994 when area code 610 was created, with the city and its northern suburbs retaining 215. Overlay area code 267 was added to the 215 service area in 1997, and 484 was added to the 610 area in 1999. A plan in 2001 to introduce a third overlay code to both service areas (area code 445 to 215, area code 835 to 610) was delayed and later rescinded.

qas: question: What city in Poland is a sister city to Philadelphia?
answers: text: Toruń

question: What city in Israel is a sister city to Philadelphia?
answers: text: Tel Aviv

question: When was Torun triangle built?
answers: text: 1976

question: What else does the Triangle contain?
answers: text: Copernicus monument

question: How many sister cities does Philadelphia have?
answers: text: ten
context: Philadelphia has dedicated landmarks to its sister cities. Dedicated in June 1976, the Sister Cities Plaza, a site of 0.5 acres (2,000 m2) located at 18th and Benjamin Franklin Parkway, honors Philadelphia's relationships with Tel Aviv and Florence which were its first sister cities. Another landmark, the Toruń Triangle, honoring the sister city relationship with Toruń, Poland, was constructed in 1976, west of the United Way building at 18th Street and the Benjamin Franklin Parkway. In addition, the Triangle contains the Copernicus monument. Renovations were made to Sister Cities Park in mid-2011 and on May 10, 2012, SCP was reopened and currently features an interactive fountain honoring Philadelphia's ten sister and friendship cities, a café and visitor's center, children's play area, outdoor garden, and boat pond, as well as pavilion built to environmentally friendly standards.