War_on_Terror

qas: question: When did George W. Bush first say 'war on terrorism'?
answers: text: 16 September 2001

question: Which word did George W. Bush apologize for using when talking about the war?
answers: text: crusade

question: When did George W. Bush first say 'war on terror'?
answers: text: 20 September 2001

question: Where did Bush say the 'war on terror' begins?
answers: text: with al-Qaeda

question: When did Bush say the 'war on terror' ends?
answers: text: every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated

question: What controversial term did George W. Bush use on 20 September 2001?

question: Where did George W. Bush give his 20 September 2001 address from?

question: What part of the government did George W. Bush address on 16 September 2001?

question: What day did George W. Bush apologize for the word crusade?

question: Where was Bush during the televised address?

question: Who protested the use of the word crusade?

question: What faith used the term "crusade" in reference to terrorism?

question: When was the second time Bush referred to the war as a crusade?
context: On 16 September 2001, at Camp David, President George W. Bush used the phrase war on terrorism in an unscripted and controversial comment when he said, "This crusade – this war on terrorism – is going to take a while, ... " Bush later apologized for this remark due to the negative connotations the term crusade has to people, e.g. of Muslim faith. The word crusade was not used again. On 20 September 2001, during a televised address to a joint session of congress, Bush stated that, "(o)ur 'war on terror' begins with al-Qaeda, but it does not end there. It will not end until every terrorist group of global reach has been found, stopped, and defeated."

qas: question: What did Obama say the US is at war with, in 2009?
answers: text: a far-reaching network of violence and hatred

question: What was the "Global War on Terror" officially renamed to in March 2009?
answers: text: Overseas Contingency Operation

question: What term did Obama want the government to stop using?
answers: text: war on terror

question: Who said in 2012 that the fight would change from military to law enforcement?
answers: text: Jeh Johnson

question: What was the  "Overseas Contingency Operations" renamed to in 2010?
answers: text: Countering Violent Extremism

question: What did Barack Obama change the name of "Global War on Terror' to?

question: What is the OOC also known as?

question: Who spoke at Oxford University in December of 2013?

question: Who defined the goal in a speech in May of 2012?

question: What year was "Overseas Contingency Operations" changed to "Violent Extremism Countering?" 

question: What was the Overseas Contingency Operation renamed as in 2009?

question: What did the Defense Department change its name to?

question: What university did Jeh Johnson work for?

question: What did Obama say the military fight would be replaced with?

question: Who did Pentagon staff members request to avoid the term war on terror?
context: U.S. President Barack Obama has rarely used the term, but in his inaugural address on 20 January 2009, he stated "Our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred." In March 2009 the Defense Department officially changed the name of operations from "Global War on Terror" to "Overseas Contingency Operation" (OCO). In March 2009, the Obama administration requested that Pentagon staff members avoid use of the term, instead using "Overseas Contingency Operation". Basic objectives of the Bush administration "war on terror", such as targeting al Qaeda and building international counterterrorism alliances, remain in place. In December 2012, Jeh Johnson, the General Counsel of the Department of Defense, stated that the military fight will be replaced by a law enforcement operation when speaking at Oxford University, predicting that al Qaeda will be so weakened to be ineffective, and has been "effectively destroyed", and thus the conflict will not be an armed conflict under international law. In May 2013, Obama stated that the goal is "to dismantle specific networks of violent extremists that threaten America"; which coincided with the U.S. Office of Management and Budget having changed the wording from "Overseas Contingency Operations" to "Countering Violent Extremism" in 2010.

qas: question: Who said the 'war on terrorism' is 'an entire language of discourse'?
answers: text: Richard Jackson

question: Who said that 9/11 drew a line between 'the civil and the savage'?
answers: text: John Ashcroft

question: What did the Bush administration describe as parasitical?
answers: text: terrorists

question: What did the Bush administration describe as heroic?
answers: text: Americans

question: What job title does Richard Ashcroft hold?

question: What statement did John Jackson give?

question: What has Richard Ashcroft argued about the "war on terrorism?"

question: Of whom does Richard Jackson cite many examples?

question: Who said the actions involved in war on terrorism are diffuse?

question: What is John Ashcroft's job?

question: Who did Jackson say was treacherous?

question: Who did Ashcroft say was brave?

question: What has clear criteria?
context: Because the actions involved in the "war on terrorism" are diffuse, and the criteria for inclusion are unclear, political theorist Richard Jackson has argued that "the 'war on terrorism' therefore, is simultaneously a set of actual practices—wars, covert operations, agencies, and institutions—and an accompanying series of assumptions, beliefs, justifications, and narratives—it is an entire language or discourse." Jackson cites among many examples a statement by John Ashcroft that "the attacks of September 11 drew a bright line of demarcation between the civil and the savage". Administration officials also described "terrorists" as hateful, treacherous, barbarous, mad, twisted, perverted, without faith, parasitical, inhuman, and, most commonly, evil. Americans, in contrast, were described as brave, loving, generous, strong, resourceful, heroic, and respectful of human rights.

qas: question: Which war gave birth to al-Qaeda?
answers: text: the Soviet war in Afghanistan

question: When did the Soviets leave Afghanistan?
answers: text: February 1989

question: Which countries supported Afghan islamists against the Soviets?
answers: text: United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China

question: Who did Osama bin Laden volunteer to help fight in the 80s?
answers: text: Soviets

question: Which group later became al-Qaeda?
answers: text: World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders

question: What took place from February 1979 to December 1989?

question: What group started forming in February 1996?

question: What did Osama bin Laden sign in May 1998?

question: Who did Osama bin Laden declare war against in a February 1998 video?

question: What is the WIJFAJC also known as?

question: What war did al-Qaeda start in 1979?

question: Who sponsored bin Laden in 1996?

question: What was WIFJAJC originally called?

question: What document declared war on the Soviet Union?

question: Who volunteered to fight with the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas?
context: The origins of al-Qaeda can be traced to the Soviet war in Afghanistan (December 1979 – February 1989). The United States, United Kingdom, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and the People's Republic of China supported the Islamist Afghan mujahadeen guerillas against the military forces of the Soviet Union and the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. A small number of "Afghan Arab" volunteers joined the fight against the Soviets, including Osama bin Laden, but there is no evidence they received any external assistance. In May 1996 the group World Islamic Front for Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders (WIFJAJC), sponsored by bin Laden (and later re-formed as al-Qaeda), started forming a large base of operations in Afghanistan, where the Islamist extremist regime of the Taliban had seized power earlier in the year. In February 1998, Osama bin Laden signed a fatwā, as head of al-Qaeda, declaring war on the West and Israel, later in May of that same year al-Qaeda released a video declaring war on the U.S. and the West.

qas: question: When did al-Qaeda attack the US embassy in Kenya?
answers: text: 7 August 1998

question: How many people were killed when al-Qaeda attacked US embassies in 1998?
answers: text: 224

question: How many Americans were killed when al-Qaeda attacked US embassies in 1998?
answers: text: 12

question: What operation did Bill Clinton start to retaliate for the 1998 embassy attacks?
answers: text: Operation Infinite Reach

question: How much of Sudan's medicines were produced by a pharmaceutical plant Clinton's operation bombed?
answers: text: around 50%

question: What happened on 8 August 1997?

question: Who launched Operation Reach Infinite?

question: Where was the pharmaceutical plant said to produce 12% of Sudan's pharmaceutical needs?

question: What happened to kill 224 people, including 50 Americans?

question: How many people did Operation Infinite Reach kill?

question: When was Operation Infinite Reach launched?

question: What percentage of Afghanistan's pharmaceutical needs were produced by the plant?

question: What operation killed several members of the Taliban?

question: Which US embassies were bombed in Operation Infinite Reach?
context: On 7 August 1998, al-Qaeda struck the U.S. embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, killing 224 people, including 12 Americans. In retaliation, U.S. President Bill Clinton launched Operation Infinite Reach, a bombing campaign in Sudan and Afghanistan against targets the U.S. asserted were associated with WIFJAJC, although others have questioned whether a pharmaceutical plant in Sudan was used as a chemical warfare plant. The plant produced much of the region's antimalarial drugs and around 50% of Sudan's pharmaceutical needs. The strikes failed to kill any leaders of WIFJAJC or the Taliban.

qas: question: How many al-Qaeda operatives hijacked planes on 9/11?
answers: text: 19

question: How many planes were hijacked on 9/11?
answers: text: four

question: Where were the 9/11 planes originally going?
answers: text: California

question: Which al-Qaeda cell were the 9/11 hijackers members of?
answers: text: Hamburg

question: How soon after planes crashed into them did the WTC towers collapse?
answers: text: within two hours

question: What building is located in Shanksville, Virginia? 

question: What area of Arlington, Pennsylvania did the fourth plane crash?

question: How many victims perished in addition to the 11 hijackers in the attacks?

question: Where were the airliners leaving from?

question: How long did it take for the Pentagon to collapse?

question: How many passengers died?

question: What cell were the passengers and crew part of?

question: Which plane crashed into the White House?
context: On the morning of 11 September 2001, 19 men affiliated with al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners all bound for California. Once the hijackers assumed control of the airliners, they told the passengers that they had the bomb on board and would spare the lives of passengers and crew once their demands were met – no passenger and crew actually suspected that they would use the airliners as suicide weapons since it had never happened before in history. The hijackers – members of al-Qaeda's Hamburg cell – intentionally crashed two airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. Both buildings collapsed within two hours from fire damage related to the crashes, destroying nearby buildings and damaging others. The hijackers crashed a third airliner into the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, just outside Washington D.C. The fourth plane crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, after some of its passengers and flight crew attempted to retake control of the plane, which the hijackers had redirected toward Washington D.C., to target the White House, or the U.S. Capitol. No flights had survivors. A total of 2,977 victims and the 19 hijackers perished in the attacks.

qas: question: What law was signed on Sep 14, 2001?
answers: text: Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists

question: Who did the AUMF authorize the US military attacking?
answers: text: those responsible for the attacks on 11 September 2001

question: What law did Congress refer to as a basic for the AUMF?
answers: text: section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution

question: When was the War Powers Resolution passed?
answers: text: 1973

question: What is UAMF also known as?

question: What was made law on 11 September 2001?

question: What resolution was written in 1974?

question: What does the AUMF authorize Congress? 

question: What was made law on 11 September?

question: Which section of AUMF authorized armed forces to respond?

question: What month was the War Powers Resolution signed?

question: Who authorized AUMF?

question: What previous resolution did AUMF contradict?
context: The Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists or "AUMF" was made law on 14 September 2001, to authorize the use of United States Armed Forces against those responsible for the attacks on 11 September 2001. It authorized the President to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on 11 September 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations or persons. Congress declares this is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization within the meaning of section 5(b) of the War Powers Resolution of 1973.

qas: question: When did the US invade Afghanistan?
answers: text: October 2001

question: Who helped the US invade Afghanistan?
answers: text: UK and coalition allies

question: What was the goal of the US invading Afghanistan?
answers: text: oust the Taliban regime

question: When did the US begin airstrikes on Afghanistan?
answers: text: 7 October 2001

question: Where did bin Laden escape to in Dec 2001?
answers: text: Pakistan

question: What city fell by mid-October in the invasion of Afghanistan? 

question: What region did Coalition forces fight in during November?

question: Who escaped to Tora Bora, Pakistan during the December battle?

question: When did Afghanistan forces invade the UK?

question: Who allied with Afghanistan?

question: What fell in October 2001?

question: What is the name of the mountain range in Kabul?

question: Who escaped into Afghanistan in December?
context: Subsequently, in October 2001, U.S. forces (with UK and coalition allies) invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime. On 7 October 2001, the official invasion began with British and U.S. forces conducting airstrike campaigns over enemy targets. Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan, fell by mid-November. The remaining al-Qaeda and Taliban remnants fell back to the rugged mountains of eastern Afghanistan, mainly Tora Bora. In December, Coalition forces (the U.S. and its allies) fought within that region. It is believed that Osama bin Laden escaped into Pakistan during the battle.

qas: question: Where did the Taliban regroup in 2002?
answers: text: western Pakistan

question: In what parts of Afghanistan did the Taliban attack Coalition forces in 2002?
answers: text: southern and eastern

question: What operation began in Feb 2010?
answers: text: Operation Moshtarak

question: Where did Operation Moshtarak take place?
answers: text: southern Afghanistan

question: When did Afghanistan sign a security agreement with the US?
answers: text: September 2014

question: Where did the Taliban regroup in late 2001?

question: What operation did Coalition forces launch in February 2002?

question: What did Afghanistan and the US sign in December 2014?

question: What will continued NATO operations within Afghanistan be known as?

question: Where did Coalition forces regroup?

question: What was the name of the insurgent-style offensive the Taliban used?

question: What did NATO and the US sign in 2014?

question: When do NATO forces have to leave Afghanistan by?

question: What was the name of the security agreement?
context: The Taliban regrouped in western Pakistan and began to unleash an insurgent-style offensive against Coalition forces in late 2002. Throughout southern and eastern Afghanistan, firefights broke out between the surging Taliban and Coalition forces. Coalition forces responded with a series of military offensives and an increase in the amount of troops in Afghanistan. In February 2010, Coalition forces launched Operation Moshtarak in southern Afghanistan along with other military offensives in the hopes that they would destroy the Taliban insurgency once and for all. Peace talks are also underway between Taliban affiliated fighters and Coalition forces. In September 2014, Afghanistan and the United States signed a security agreement, which permits United States and NATO forces to remain in Afghanistan until at least 2024. The United States and other NATO and non-NATO forces are planning to withdraw; with the Taliban claiming it has defeated the United States and NATO, and the Obama Administration viewing it as a victory. In December 2014, ISAF encasing its colors, and Resolute Support began as the NATO operation in Afghanistan. Continued United States operations within Afghanistan will continue under the name "Operation Freedom's Sentinel".

qas: question: Where did the USSOC Pacific deploy to in Jan 2002?
answers: text: Philippines

question: What was the goal of the 2002 Philippines deployment?
answers: text: combating Filipino Islamist groups

question: What was the main Filipino Islamist group being attacked?
answers: text: Abu Sayyaf

question: What humanitarian effort followed the 2002 military operation in the Philippines?
answers: text: Operation Smiles

question: What did Operation Smiles do for the Philippines?
answers: text: provide medical care and services to the region of Basilan

question: What island did Abu Islamiyah and Jemaah Sayyaf have a stronghold on?

question: What was the goal of "Smiles Operation?" 

question: What disbanded in November 2014?

question: Who operated under the name "PAMOC Augmentation Team?"

question: Who was deployed to help the Filipino Islamist groups?

question: How long had the Abu Sayyaf group been in Basilan?

question: What did PACOM Augmentation Team rename itself as?

question: What was the name of the operation to remove Abu Sayyaf?

question: Where was the headquarters of the Armed Forces of the Philippines?
context: In January 2002, the United States Special Operations Command, Pacific deployed to the Philippines to advise and assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating Filipino Islamist groups. The operations were mainly focused on removing the Abu Sayyaf group and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) from their stronghold on the island of Basilan. The second portion of the operation was conducted as a humanitarian program called "Operation Smiles". The goal of the program was to provide medical care and services to the region of Basilan as part of a "Hearts and Minds" program. Joint Special Operations Task Force – Philippines disbanded in June 2014, ending a 14-year mission. After JSOTF-P disbanded, as late as November 2014, American forces continued to operate in the Philippines under the name "PACOM Augmentation Team".

qas: question: How many people were killed by US Special Forces on Sep 14, 2009?
answers: text: two

question: Where was the Sep 14, 2009 action?
answers: text: near the Somali village of Baarawe

question: What country's ships did some witnesses say were involved in the Baarawe attack?
answers: text: French

question: What Somali group is affiliated with al-Qaeda?
answers: text: Al-Shabaab

question: What nationality was Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan?
answers: text: Kenyan

question: What did U.S. Special Forces do on 14 September 2002?

question: What was the title for Saleh Nabhan Saleh Ali?

question: Who was wanted in connection with the 2002 Kenyan attacks?

question: Witnesses from what village claim they saw French-flagged warships?

question: How many US Special Forces were killed on 14 September 2009?

question: How many were captured in the 2002 Mombasa attacks?

question: What was the name of the village attacked in Mombasa?

question: What nationality were the warships confirmed as?

question: What was the name of the Kenyan al-Qaeda group?
context: On 14 September 2009, U.S. Special Forces killed two men and wounded and captured two others near the Somali village of Baarawe. Witnesses claim that helicopters used for the operation launched from French-flagged warships, but that could not be confirmed. A Somali-based al-Qaida affiliated group, the Al-Shabaab, has confirmed the death of "sheik commander" Saleh Ali Saleh Nabhan along with an unspecified number of militants. Nabhan, a Kenyan, was wanted in connection with the 2002 Mombasa attacks.

qas: question: When did a Mali conflict begin?
answers: text: January 2012

question: What group were the Mali radicals affiliated with?
answers: text: al-Qaeda

question: When did France provide troops in Mali?
answers: text: January 2013

question: What did France call its Mali operation?
answers: text: Operation Serval

question: What was Operation Serval's goal?
answers: text: dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali

question: Where did a conflict begin in January 2013?

question: What government asked for help from the national community for combating Islamic militants?

question: What country intervened on behalf of the Malian government in January 2012?

question: When was Serval Operation launched? 

question: On whose behalf did the Malian government intervene?

question: What was the name of the Islamist advance into northern Mali?

question: When were al-Qaeda groups removed from northern Mali?

question: What did the French government struggle to maintain?

question: Who did Islamic militants request help from?
context: The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic militants. In January 2013, France intervened on behalf of the Malian government's request and deployed troops into the region. They launched Operation Serval on 11 January 2013, with the hopes of dislodging the al-Qaeda affiliated groups from northern Mali.

qas: question: When did the first Gulf War begin?
answers: text: 1991

question: How did the first Gulf War end?
answers: text: ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended)

question: Who did the US try to protect in Iraq after the first Gulf War?
answers: text: Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'a Arab population

question: Which region of Iraq do the Kurds live in?
answers: text: northern

question: Which region of Iraq do the Shi'a live in?
answers: text: southern

question: What was instituted to protect Iraq's Arab and Shi'a Kurdish population?

question: Who suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before the Gulf War?

question: What operation was launched against Iraq in November 1995?

question: What did Iraq fail to meet in 1995?

question: What year did the first Gulf War end?

question: What did the US and its allies do once the hostilities were officially over?

question: What was launched in 1995?

question: Who was trying to protect the Hussein regime?

question: What Iraqi populations attacked the Hussein regime?
context: Following the ceasefire agreement that suspended hostilities (but not officially ended) in the 1991 Gulf War, the United States and its allies instituted and began patrolling Iraqi no-fly zones, to protect Iraq's Kurdish and Shi'a Arab population—both of which suffered attacks from the Hussein regime before and after the Gulf War—in Iraq's northern and southern regions, respectively. U.S. forces continued in combat zone deployments through November 1995 and launched Operation Desert Fox against Iraq in 1998 after it failed to meet U.S. demands of "unconditional cooperation" in weapons inspections.

qas: question: When was the first ground attack in the post-9/11 Iraq war?
answers: text: 21 March 2003

question: Which nationalities worked together in the Battle of Umm Qasr?
answers: text: British, American and Polish

question: When did the US capture Baghdad?
answers: text: April 2003

question: When did Bush say 'major combat operations' were complete in Iraq?
answers: text: 1 May 2003

question: What regime were Hussein loyalists part of?
answers: text: Ba'ath

question: When did the Battle of Qasr Umm take place?

question: What city fell to American forces in May 2003?

question: What announcement did Bush make on 1 April 2003?

question: Who was captured in December 2006?

question: Who did the Bath regime include?

question: What country is Umm Qasr the capital of?

question: When did American forces fall?

question: When did Saddam Hussein announce the operations had ended?

question: What had fewer casualties than the invasion?

question: When was the Islamic Caliphate executed by US forces?
context: The first ground attack came at the Battle of Umm Qasr on 21 March 2003 when a combined force of British, American and Polish forces seized control of the port city of Umm Qasr. Baghdad, Iraq's capital city, fell to American forces in April 2003 and Saddam Hussein's government quickly dissolved. On 1 May 2003, Bush announced that major combat operations in Iraq had ended. However, an insurgency arose against the U.S.-led coalition and the newly developing Iraqi military and post-Saddam government. The insurgency, which included al-Qaeda affiliated groups, led to far more coalition casualties than the invasion. Other elements of the insurgency were led by fugitive members of President Hussein's Ba'ath regime, which included Iraqi nationalists and pan-Arabists. Many insurgency leaders are Islamists and claim to be fighting a religious war to reestablish the Islamic Caliphate of centuries past. Iraq's former president, Saddam Hussein was captured by U.S. forces in December 2003. He was executed in 2006.

qas: question: Which civil war did the Iraq branch of Al Qaeda begin fighting in?
answers: text: Syrian

question: With support from Syrians, what did the Iraq branch of Al Qaeda rename themselves to?
answers: text: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS/ISIL)

question: What part of Iraq did ISIS invade?
answers: text: western

question: Who denounced ISIS?
answers: text: Al Qaeda's core organization

question: What relationship do Al Qaeda and ISIS now have?
answers: text: competition

question: What group split the Iraq insurgency and Syrian Civil War?

question: What group publicly denounced al-Qaeda?

question: Which two groups do analysts believe have combined?

question: Where is ISIS's core organization?

question: What country did Syria covertly invade?
context: In a major split in the ranks of Al Qaeda's organization, the Iraqi franchise, known as Al Qaeda in Iraq covertly invaded Syria and the Levant and began participating in the ongoing Syrian Civil War, gaining enough support and strength to re-invade Iraq's western provinces under the name of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS/ISIL), taking over much of the country in a blitzkrieg-like action and combining the Iraq insurgency and Syrian Civil War into a single conflict. Due to their extreme brutality and a complete change in their overall ideology, Al Qaeda's core organization in Central Asia eventually denounced ISIS and directed their affiliates to cut off all ties with this organization. Many analysts[who?] believe that because of this schism, Al Qaeda and ISIL are now in a competition to retain the title of the world's most powerful terrorist organization.

qas: question: When did Obama launch airstrikes on ISIS?
answers: text: 10 August 2014

question: What law did Obama cite on Sep 9, 2014?
answers: text: the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists

question: When did Obama make a speech about ISIS on TV?
answers: text: 10 September 2014

question: Which countries worked together to bomb ISIS on Sep 21-22, 2014?
answers: text: the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar

question: Where were the Sep 21-22 airstrikes?
answers: text: Syria

question: When did Iraq reengage with the Obama administration?

question: Who did Iraq aim their airstrikes at?

question: Who is the president of Iraq?

question: What law did Congress cite, allowing it to take action against ISIS?

question: Which countries did ISIS launch an air attack against on 21/22 September?
context: The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists, and thus did not require additional approval from Congress. The following day on 10 September 2014 President Barack Obama made a televised speech about ISIL, which he stated "Our objective is clear: We will degrade, and ultimately destroy, ISIL through a comprehensive and sustained counter-terrorism strategy". Obama has authorized the deployment of additional U.S. Forces into Iraq, as well as authorizing direct military operations against ISIL within Syria. On the night of 21/22 September the United States, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, the UAE, Jordan and Qatar started air attacks against ISIS in Syria.[citation needed]

qas: question: Which Pakistan president supported the US attacking the Taliban?
answers: text: Pervez Musharraf

question: How many Pakistan airbases did Musharraf let the US use?
answers: text: three

question: What was the name of the US's Afghanistan operation?
answers: text: Operation Enduring Freedom

question: Who was the US Secretary of State in 2001?
answers: text: Colin Powell

question: Who said he had 'war-gamed' the US?
answers: text: Musharraf

question: Which former president sided with the Taliban?

question: How many airbases did the Taliban receive?

question: Who was the current president of Afghanistan?

question: What did Colin Powell testify in 2006?

question: Who was at risk in an alliance between the US and Pakistan?
context: Following the 11 September 2001 attacks, former President of Pakistan Pervez Musharraf sided with the U.S. against the Taliban government in Afghanistan after an ultimatum by then U.S. President George W. Bush. Musharraf agreed to give the U.S. the use of three airbases for Operation Enduring Freedom. United States Secretary of State Colin Powell and other U.S. administration officials met with Musharraf. On 19 September 2001, Musharraf addressed the people of Pakistan and stated that, while he opposed military tactics against the Taliban, Pakistan risked being endangered by an alliance of India and the U.S. if it did not cooperate. In 2006, Musharraf testified that this stance was pressured by threats from the U.S., and revealed in his memoirs that he had "war-gamed" the United States as an adversary and decided that it would end in a loss for Pakistan.

qas: question: When did Musharraf give an anti-Islamism speech?
answers: text: 12 January 2002

question: What did Musharraf say he'd combat?
answers: text: Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan

question: What did Musharraf ban?
answers: text: militant organizations

question: What did Musharraf say his ban wasn't influenced by?
answers: text: foreign influence

question: Who gave a speech for Islamic extremism?

question: When were the militant organizations banned?

question: What was extremism committed to rooting out?

question: Who was involved in the consultations?

question: What would be allowed to give itself a new name?
context: On 12 January 2002, Musharraf gave a speech against Islamic extremism. He unequivocally condemned all acts of terrorism and pledged to combat Islamic extremism and lawlessness within Pakistan itself. He stated that his government was committed to rooting out extremism and made it clear that the banned militant organizations would not be allowed to resurface under any new name. He said, "the recent decision to ban extremist groups promoting militancy was taken in the national interest after thorough consultations. It was not taken under any foreign influence".

qas: question: When did Musharraf arrest Maulana Masood Azhar?
answers: text: 2002

question: What group did Maulana Masood Azhar lead?
answers: text: Jaish-e-Mohammed

question: What group did Hafiz Muhammad Saeed lead?
answers: text: Lashkar-e-Taiba

question: What nationality is Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah?
answers: text: Saudi

question: Which third-highest-ranking al-Qaeda officer was captured?
answers: text: Khalid Sheikh Mohammed

question: Who led all of the jihadi organizations?

question: How many government officials were taken into custody?

question: What was the name of the Pakistani official that performed a number of raids?

question: What is the nationality of Ramzi bin al-Shibh?

question: What was the rank of Ramzi bin al-Shibh?
context: In 2002, the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi organizations and groups promoting extremism, and arrested Maulana Masood Azhar, head of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, chief of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, and took dozens of activists into custody. An official ban was imposed on the groups on 12 January. Later that year, the Saudi born Zayn al-Abidn Muhammed Hasayn Abu Zubaydah was arrested by Pakistani officials during a series of joint U.S.-Pakistan raids. Zubaydah is said to have been a high-ranking al-Qaeda official with the title of operations chief and in charge of running al-Qaeda training camps. Other prominent al-Qaeda members were arrested in the following two years, namely Ramzi bin al-Shibh, who is known to have been a financial backer of al-Qaeda operations, and Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who at the time of his capture was the third highest-ranking official in al-Qaeda and had been directly in charge of the planning for the 11 September attacks.

qas: question: What controversial technology did the US use in Pakistan?
answers: text: drones

question: Which US agency runs its drones in Pakistan?
answers: text: the Central Intelligence Agency

question: Why did the US use the CIA instead of the Air Force to run drones?
answers: text: to avoid breaching sovereignty through military invasion

question: Abuse of what term allowed a lack of a formal war declaration?
answers: text: Global War on Terror

question: What does the US Government use the Air Force for?

question: What did the United States criticize?

question: What does the Pakistan use for airstrikes?

question: What term was Pakistan accused of abusing?

question: The term Global War on Terror required formally doing what?
context: The use of drones by the Central Intelligence Agency in Pakistan to carry out operations associated with the Global War on Terror sparks debate over sovereignty and the laws of war. The U.S. Government uses the CIA rather than the U.S. Air Force for strikes in Pakistan in order to avoid breaching sovereignty through military invasion. The United States was criticized by[according to whom?] a report on drone warfare and aerial sovereignty for abusing the term 'Global War on Terror' to carry out military operations through government agencies without formally declaring war.

qas: question: Who wrote 'Letter to American People' in 2002?
answers: text: Osama bin Laden

question: Who was the US Secretary of Defense in 2002?
answers: text: Donald Rumsfeld

question: Which group did Rumsfeld think was active in Kashmir?
answers: text: Al-Qaeda

question: What teams hunted for Bin Laden in Kashmir in 2002?
answers: text: Special Air Service and Delta Force

question: Who led the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen?
answers: text: Fazlur Rehman Khalil

question: Who did India support on the Kashmir issue?

question: What was the name of the document Donald Rumsfeld wrote?

question: Who did the Kashmiri militant group Harkat-ul-Mujahideen attempt to hunt down?

question: Who is the leader of Kashmir?

question: Pakistan claimed al-Qaeda had close ties with what area?
context: In a 'Letter to American People' written by Osama bin Laden in 2002, he stated that one of the reasons he was fighting America is because of its support of India on the Kashmir issue. While on a trip to Delhi in 2002, U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld suggested that Al-Qaeda was active in Kashmir, though he did not have any hard evidence. An investigation in 2002 unearthed evidence that Al-Qaeda and its affiliates were prospering in Pakistan-administered Kashmir with tacit approval of Pakistan's National Intelligence agency Inter-Services Intelligence. A team of Special Air Service and Delta Force was sent into Indian-administered Kashmir in 2002 to hunt for Osama bin Laden after reports that he was being sheltered by the Kashmiri militant group Harkat-ul-Mujahideen. U.S. officials believed that Al-Qaeda was helping organize a campaign of terror in Kashmir in order to provoke conflict between India and Pakistan. Fazlur Rehman Khalil, the leader of the Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, signed al-Qaeda's 1998 declaration of holy war, which called on Muslims to attack all Americans and their allies. Indian sources claimed that In 2006, Al-Qaeda claimed they had established a wing in Kashmir; this worried the Indian government. India also claimed that Al-Qaeda has strong ties with the Kashmir militant groups Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed in Pakistan. While on a visit to Pakistan in January 2010, U.S. Defense secretary Robert Gates stated that Al-Qaeda was seeking to destabilize the region and planning to provoke a nuclear war between India and Pakistan.

qas: question: Who did a US drone kill in Sep 2009?
answers: text: Ilyas Kashmiri

question: What group did Ilyas Kashmiri lead?
answers: text: Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami

question: After 2009, who began fighting in Waziristan?
answers: text: Kashmiri militants

question: What group did Al-Badar Mujahideen break away from?
answers: text: Hizbul Mujahideen

question: What did Al-Badar Mujahideen call for in 2012?
answers: text: mobilisation of resources for continuation of jihad in Kashmir

question: Who ordered the SUS Drone strike in September 2009?

question: What group was Bruce Riedel the leader of?

question: What faction broke away from Al-Badar Mujahideen?

question: How long was Waziristan the new battlefield?

question: When did terror groups call to end the jihad in Kashmir?
context: In September 2009, a U.S. Drone strike reportedly killed Ilyas Kashmiri, who was the chief of Harkat-ul-Jihad al-Islami, a Kashmiri militant group associated with Al-Qaeda. Kashmiri was described by Bruce Riedel as a 'prominent' Al-Qaeda member, while others described him as the head of military operations for Al-Qaeda. Waziristan had now become the new battlefield for Kashmiri militants, who were now fighting NATO in support of Al-Qaeda. On 8 July 2012, Al-Badar Mujahideen, a breakaway faction of Kashmir centric terror group Hizbul Mujahideen, on conclusion of their two-day Shuhada Conference called for mobilisation of resources for continuation of jihad in Kashmir.

qas: question: Who declared the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism?
answers: text: member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council

question: When was the Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism announced?
answers: text: 22 November 2002

question: Where did NATO begin naval operations after 2002?
answers: text: the Mediterranean Sea

question: What was NATO's operation in the Mediterranean called?
answers: text: Operation Active Endeavour

question: What did terrorism respond to?

question: What were NATO's efforts to respond to terrorism called?

question: What council decided to start operations in the mediterranean Sea in November 2002?

question: Where is the EAPC located?

question: What day did Operation Active Endeavour start?
context: In the following months, NATO took a wide range of measures to respond to the threat of terrorism. On 22 November 2002, the member states of the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) decided on a Partnership Action Plan against Terrorism, which explicitly states, "EAPC States are committed to the protection and promotion of fundamental freedoms and human rights, as well as the rule of law, in combating terrorism." NATO started naval operations in the Mediterranean Sea designed to prevent the movement of terrorists or weapons of mass destruction as well as to enhance the security of shipping in general called Operation Active Endeavour.

qas: question: What were the countries who supported the US's post-9/11 invasions called?
answers: text: the "coalition of the willing"

question: Which country disavowed the Taliban?
answers: text: Pakistan

question: How many soldiers did Pakistan contribute to fight the Taliban?
answers: text: tens of thousands

question: Where in Pakistan is Waziristan?
answers: text: North-West

question: Where did Pakistan try to remove the Taliban and Al-Qaeda?
answers: text: northern tribal areas

question: What action made support for the US increase?

question: Which country refused to send troops into Afghanistan?

question: How many soldiers did the coalition of the willing contribute?

question: What was the war in the northern tribal areas called?

question: What was Afghanistan attempting with the US's help?
context: Support for the U.S. cooled when America made clear its determination to invade Iraq in late 2002. Even so, many of the "coalition of the willing" countries that unconditionally supported the U.S.-led military action have sent troops to Afghanistan, particular neighboring Pakistan, which has disowned its earlier support for the Taliban and contributed tens of thousands of soldiers to the conflict. Pakistan was also engaged in the War in North-West Pakistan (Waziristan War). Supported by U.S. intelligence, Pakistan was attempting to remove the Taliban insurgency and al-Qaeda element from the northern tribal areas.

qas: question: What was the primary fighting force in southern Afghanistan?
answers: text: The British 16th Air Assault Brigade

question: Which nations besides the UK contributed significantly to the southern Afghanistan fight?
answers: text: Australia, Canada and the Netherlands

question: How many troops did Canada send initially?
answers: text: 2,000

question: How many troops did Australia send initially?
answers: text: 240

question: How many troops did the Netherlands send initially?
answers: text: 1,400

question: What was the British 16th Air Assault Brigade later called?

question: How many special forces troops were there from Denmark?

question: How many Pakistanis were involved?

question: How many British troops helped invade Denmark?

question: What type of vehicle did Estonia supply?
context: The British 16th Air Assault Brigade (later reinforced by Royal Marines) formed the core of the force in southern Afghanistan, along with troops and helicopters from Australia, Canada and the Netherlands. The initial force consisted of roughly 3,300 British, 2,000 Canadian, 1,400 from the Netherlands and 240 from Australia, along with special forces from Denmark and Estonia and small contingents from other nations. The monthly supply of cargo containers through Pakistani route to ISAF in Afghanistan is over 4,000 costing around 12 billion in Pakistani Rupees.

qas: question: What new agency did Bush create after 9/11?
answers: text: Department of Homeland Security

question: When was the DHS created?
answers: text: November 2002

question: What other massive agency's creation was the DHS compared to?
answers: text: the Department of Defense

question: What did the DHS focus on?
answers: text: domestic efforts to prevent future attacks

question: What did the Bush administration do instead of military efforts?

question: What Bush agency was created before 9/11?

question: When were the armed forces consolidated?

question: What was consolidated into the Department of Homeland Security?

question: Which administration created the Department of Defense?
context: In addition to military efforts abroad, in the aftermath of 9/11 the Bush Administration increased domestic efforts to prevent future attacks. Various government bureaucracies that handled security and military functions were reorganized. A new cabinet-level agency called the United States Department of Homeland Security was created in November 2002 to lead and coordinate the largest reorganization of the U.S. federal government since the consolidation of the armed forces into the Department of Defense.[citation needed]

qas: question: When was the Patriot Act passed?
answers: text: October 2001

question: What did the Patriot Act make it easier for law enforcement to search?
answers: text: telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records

question: What did the Patriot Act make it easier to do to immigrants?
answers: text: detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts

question: How was the definition of terrorism expanded by the Patriot Act?
answers: text: to include domestic terrorism

question: Which newspaper revealed the Terrorist Finance Tracking Program?
answers: text: The New York Times

question: What bill increased restrictions on law enforcement agencies?

question: What bill did the Secretary of the Treasury pass?

question: What year was the Terrorist Finance Tracking program discontinued?

question: What program does the NSA currently use to monitor financial activity?

question: What newspaper uncovered the Patriot Act?
context: The USA PATRIOT Act of October 2001 dramatically reduces restrictions on law enforcement agencies' ability to search telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records; eases restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering within the United States; expands the Secretary of the Treasury's authority to regulate financial transactions, particularly those involving foreign individuals and entities; and broadens the discretion of law enforcement and immigration authorities in detaining and deporting immigrants suspected of terrorism-related acts. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism, thus enlarging the number of activities to which the USA PATRIOT Act's expanded law enforcement powers could be applied. A new Terrorist Finance Tracking Program monitored the movements of terrorists' financial resources (discontinued after being revealed by The New York Times). Global telecommunication usage, including those with no links to terrorism, is being collected and monitored through the NSA electronic surveillance program. The Patriot Act is still in effect.

qas: question: When did the ACLU first challenge the Patriot Act?
answers: text: 30 July 2003

question: What rights did the ACLU say the Patriot Act violated?
answers: text: First Amendment rights, Fourth Amendment rights, and right to due process

question: What did Section 215 of the Patriot Act allow the FBI to search?
answers: text: a person's business, bookstore, and library records

question: Who passed symbolic resolutions against the Patriot Act?
answers: text: governing bodies in a number of communities

question: What did the ACLU violate?

question: When was Section 215 written?

question: What has governmental authority said the laws remove restrictions from?

question: What did Section 215 allow the ACLU to inspect?

question: Who sued the ACLU?
context: Political interest groups have stated that these laws remove important restrictions on governmental authority, and are a dangerous encroachment on civil liberties, possible unconstitutional violations of the Fourth Amendment. On 30 July 2003, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed the first legal challenge against Section 215 of the Patriot Act, claiming that it allows the FBI to violate a citizen's First Amendment rights, Fourth Amendment rights, and right to due process, by granting the government the right to search a person's business, bookstore, and library records in a terrorist investigation, without disclosing to the individual that records were being searched. Also, governing bodies in a number of communities have passed symbolic resolutions against the act.

qas: question: What terrorism-related resolution did the UN Security Council adopt in 2005?
answers: text: Resolution 1624

question: Which countries haven't submitted the required reports to the UN Security Council?
answers: text: the United States and Israel

question: What plan did the DoD release in 2005?
answers: text: National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism

question: What did Resolution 1624 try to protect?
answers: text: international human rights laws

question: What year did Israel adopt Resolution 1964?

question: What did the UN Security Council decline to offer reports for?

question: What document did the Israeli Department of Defense publish?

question: Which two countries submitted annual reports?

question: What US agency released Resolution 1624?
context: In 2005, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1624 concerning incitement to commit acts of terrorism and the obligations of countries to comply with international human rights laws. Although both resolutions require mandatory annual reports on counter-terrorism activities by adopting nations, the United States and Israel have both declined to submit reports. In the same year, the United States Department of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a planning document, by the name "National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism", which stated that it constituted the "comprehensive military plan to prosecute the Global War on Terror for the Armed Forces of the United States...including the findings and recommendations of the 9/11 Commission and a rigorous examination with the Department of Defense".

qas: question: What phrase has been called a misnomer?
answers: text: War on Terror

question: What has the 'war on terror' been used as an excuse for?
answers: text: to pursue long-standing policy/military objectives, reduce civil liberties, and infringe upon human rights

question: Which other misnamed 'war' has 'war on terror' been compared to?
answers: text: War on Drugs

question: What is the likely fate of the 'war on terror'?
answers: text: it is unlikely international terrorism can be brought to an end by military means

question: What is another name for War on Drugs?

question: What is most likely to be ended by military means?

question: What has the War on Drugs been used as an excuse for?

question: What term is appropriate for one with no identifiable enemy?
context: Criticism of the War on Terror addresses the issues, morality, efficiency, economics, and other questions surrounding the War on Terror and made against the phrase itself, calling it a misnomer. The notion of a "war" against "terrorism" has proven highly contentious, with critics charging that it has been exploited by participating governments to pursue long-standing policy/military objectives, reduce civil liberties, and infringe upon human rights. It is argued that the term war is not appropriate in this context (as in War on Drugs), since there is no identifiable enemy, and that it is unlikely international terrorism can be brought to an end by military means.

qas: question: What flaw in the 'war on terror' name did Francis Fukuyama point out?
answers: text: "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic

question: What does the 'war on terror' name obscure?
answers: text: differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen

question: Who said the US's presence in Iraq increases resentment and terrorists?
answers: text: Shirley Williams

question: What fed US hysteria about terrorism?
answers: text: media

question: What has the 'war on terror' done to the US's international image?
answers: text: damaged

question: What does Shirley Williams call terrorism instead of an enemy?

question: Who said the military presence has decreased resentment?

question: What has damaged the image of Iraq in the world?

question: What critic obscured differences between conflicts?

question: Most of the world has agreed on what kinds of policies?
context: Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a "war on terror", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen. With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage Shirley Williams maintains this increases resentment and terrorist threats against the West. There is also perceived U.S. hypocrisy, media-induced hysteria, and that differences in foreign and security policy have damaged America's image in most of the world.