Swaziland

qas: question: How wide is Swaziland in miles??
answers: text: 81 mi

question: In terms of size where does Swaziland rank within Africa in terms of country size?
answers: text: one of the smallest

question: What is the primary language spoken by the people in Swaziland?
answers: text: siSwati

question: When did the ethnic Swazis establish a kingdom?
answers: text: mid-18th century

question: Who was the leader of the 18th century Swazi kingdom?
answers: text: Ngwane III

question: What country is measures 200 mi north to south?

question: What is one of the smalloest countries in the world?

question: What is the official language of Swaziland?

question: Who established a kingdom in the 1800's

question: Who was the leader of the Swazi kingdom in the 1800's?
context: At no more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east to west, Swaziland is one of the smallest countries in Africa. Despite its size, however, its climate and topography is diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld. The population is primarily ethnic Swazis whose language is siSwati. They established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under the leadership of Ngwane III; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881. After the Anglo-Boer War, Swaziland was a British protectorate from 1903 until 1967. It regained its independence on 6 September 1968.

qas: question: What is the per capita GDP of Swaziland?
answers: text: $9,714

question: What is the SACU?
answers: text: Southern African Customs Union

question: What does the acronym COMESA represent?
answers: text: Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

question: What is the lilangeni?
answers: text: Swaziland's currency

question: What form of currency is the lilangeni fixed to?
answers: text: South African rand

question: Who is Swazilands main global trading partner?

question: What is the currency of both Swaziland and South Africa?

question: where is agriculture the top employer?

question: What nation is considered developed despite its small economy?
context: Swaziland is a developing country with a small economy. Its GDP per capita of $9,714 means it is classified as a country with a lower-middle income. As a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), its main local trading partner is South Africa. Swaziland's currency, the lilangeni, is pegged to the South African rand. Swaziland's major overseas trading partners are the United States and the European Union. The majority of the country's employment is provided by its agricultural and manufacturing sectors. Swaziland is a member of the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations and the United Nations.

qas: question: What is the literal translation of Nkhosi?
answers: text: king

question: In terms of the most successful Swaziland kings in battle, who was the best?
answers: text: Mswati II

question: What did Mswati II do to the land controlled by Swaziland during his reign?
answers: text: greatly extended the area of the country

question: What groups did Mswati attack in the mid 19th century?
answers: text: Emakhandzambili clans

question: Where does the name Swaziland originate?
answers: text: Mswati II. KaNgwane

question: What country got its name from Ngwane III?

question: What was Ngwane the greatest of?

question: What did Ngwane III do to the land controlled by Swaziland during his reign?

question: Who did Ngwane attack and subdue?

question: Who attacked the Emakhandzambili in the 18th century?
context: Swaziland derives its name from a later king named Mswati II. KaNgwane, named for Ngwane III, is an alternative name for Swaziland the surname of whose royal house remains Nkhosi Dlamini. Nkhosi literally means "king". Mswati II was the greatest of the fighting kings of Swaziland, and he greatly extended the area of the country to twice its current size. The Emakhandzambili clans were initially incorporated into the kingdom with wide autonomy, often including grants of special ritual and political status. The extent of their autonomy however was drastically curtailed by Mswati, who attacked and subdued some of them in the 1850s.

qas: question: In what year did the British take Swaziland on as a protectorate? 
answers: text: 1903

question: What 1903 conflict involving the British caused Swaziland to become a protectorate?
answers: text: Anglo-Boer war

question: In what year was Swaziland given self governance? 
answers: text: 1906

question: How much of Swaziland did the European area contain after the portioning?
answers: text: two-thirds of the total land

question: When was Sobhuza coronated?
answers: text: December 1921

question: Who did Swaziland become a protectorate of in the 19th century?

question: What war did Swaziland loose in the 19th century?

question: Who started carrying out Sazilands administration in 1906?

question: Who was granted self-government in the 19th century?
context: In 1903, after British victory in the Anglo-Boer war, Swaziland became a British protectorate. Much of its early administration (for example, postal services) being carried out from South Africa until 1906 when the Transvaal colony was granted self-government. Following this, Swaziland was partitioned into European and non-European (or native reserves) areas with the former being two-thirds of the total land. Sobhuza's official coronation was in December 1921 after the regency of Labotsibeni after which he led an unsuccessful deputation to the Privy council in London in 1922 regarding the issue of the land.

qas: question: When did the Swaziland constitution come to be?
answers: text: November 1963

question: What is another way to refer to the Swazi National Council?
answers: text: liqoqo

question: When was the Legislative Council of Swaziland first created?
answers: text: 9 September 1964

question: When did elections that provided for a House of Assembly for Swaziland occur?
answers: text: 1967

question: What constitution did Britian put into effect in the 19th century?

question: What established a judicial and executive council in Swaziland?

question: Who supported the legislative council?

question: What provided for a House Assembly in 1964?
context: The constitution for independent Swaziland was promulgated by Britain in November 1963 under the terms of which legislative and executive councils were established. This development was opposed by the Swazi National Council (liqoqo). Despite such opposition, elections took place and the first Legislative Council of Swaziland was constituted on 9 September 1964. Changes to the original constitution proposed by the Legislative Council were accepted by Britain and a new constitution providing for a House of Assembly and Senate was drawn up. Elections under this constitution were held in 1967.

qas: question: In what year was the constitution of Swaziland suspended?
answers: text: 1973

question: Who ruled Swaziland in the late 1970s?
answers: text: King Sobhuza II

question: When did King Sobhuza II die?
answers: text: 1982

question: Who was the head of state of Swaziland after King Sobhuza II
answers: text: Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe

question: Which monarch of Swaziland was crownd in April 1986?
answers: text: Mswati III

question: who suspended Swazilands constitution in the 19th century?

question: When was the son ofDzeliwe Shongwe crowned king?

question: Who ruled Swaziland starting in 1973 and ending 1982?

question: What rerent ruled for 61 years in Swaziland?
context: Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who thereafter ruled the country by decree until his death in 1982. At this point Sobhuza II had ruled Swaziland for 61 years, making him the longest ruling monarch in history. A regency followed his death, with Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe being head of state until 1984 when she was removed by Liqoqo and replaced by Queen Mother Ntfombi Tfwala. Mswati III, the son of Ntfombi, was crowned king on 25 April 1986 as King and Ingwenyama of Swaziland.

qas: question: Who appoints the prime minister of Swaziland?
answers: text: The king

question: What is the parliament of Swaziland known as?
answers: text: the Libandla

question: What part of the Swaziland parliament is appointed by the King?
answers: text: a minority

question: Why is the king allowed to appoint members of parliament?
answers: text: to balance views in parliament

question: Who does the prime minister appoint?

question: who appoints the advisory council?

question: Who appoints both chambers of the Libandla?

question: Why are special intrests left out of parliment?
context: The king appoints the prime minister from the legislature and also appoints a minority of legislators to both chambers of the Libandla (parliament) with help from an advisory council. The king is allowed by the constitution to appoint some members to parliament for special interests. These special interests are citizens who might have been left out by the electorate during the course of elections or did not enter as candidates. This is done to balance views in parliament. Special interests could be people of gender, race, disability, the business community, civic society, scholars, chiefs and so on.

qas: question: How many seats are in the Senate of Swaziland?
answers: text: 30 seats

question: How many members are there in the Swazi House of Assembly?
answers: text: 65

question: How many members of the Swazi House of Assembly are chosen by the king?
answers: text: 10

question: When were the most recent elections in Swaziland?
answers: text: 20 September 2013

question: Which group looks over elections in Swaziland?
answers: text: the elections and boundaries commission

question: Who appoints the house of assembly?

question: How often does the king dissolve the constitution?

question: What is done on a party basis?

question: What group decides when elections will be held?
context: The Swazi bicameral Parliament or Libandla consists of the Senate (30 seats; 10 members appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; to serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats; 10 members appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; to serve five-year terms). The elections are held every five years after dissolution of parliament by the king. The last elections were held on 20 September 2013. The balloting is done on a non-party basis in all categories. All election procedures are overseen by the elections and boundaries commission.

qas: question: When did people begin to disputre royal hegenomy in Swaziland?
answers: text: the early seventies

question: What portion of Swaziland is said to support the monarchy of Swaziland?
answers: text: the majority

question: What entity took submissions about whether or not Swazi citizens wanted to change support of the monarchy?
answers: text: the constitutional draft committee

question: What was reformed in 2005?

question: What has been debated since the 1970's?

question: What do progressive formations support besides the current political system?

question: What do the majority of citizens complain about?
context: In 2005, the constitution was put into effect. There is still much debate in the country about the constitutional reforms. From the early seventies, there was active resistance to the royal hegemony. Despite complaints from progressive formations, support for the monarchy and the current political system remains strong among the majority of the population.[citation needed] Submissions were made by citizens around the country to commissions, including the constitutional draft committee, indicating that they would prefer to maintain the current situation.

qas: question: How does a nominee for parliament in Swaziland get decided?
answers: text: a show of hand

question: What is the minimum number of members that must support a nominee to parliament in Swaziland?
answers: text: at least ten

question: What is an Indvuna as it relates to the Parliament of Swaziland?
answers: text: Constituency Headman

question: In the Swazi Parliament, what is the Bucopho? 
answers: text: Constituency Executive Committee

question: What is the minimum amount of nominees taken on the day of nomination in the Swazi Parliament?
answers: text: four

question: Where are ballots cast members of parliment?

question: Who elects parliment?

question: What has a minimum of 10?
context: Nominations take place at the chiefdoms. On the day of nomination, the name of the nominee is raised by a show of hand and the nominee is given an opportunity to indicate whether he or she accepts the nomination. If he or she accepts it, he or she must be supported by at least ten members of that chiefdom. The nominations are for the position of Member of Parliament, Constituency Headman (Indvuna) and the Constituency Executive Committee (Bucopho). The minimum number of nominees is four and the maximum is ten.

qas: question: How many representatives does each tinkhundla elect to the Swazi House of Assembly?
answers: text: one

question: What is a single term of a Swazi development committee?
answers: text: a five-year term

question: To whom do Bucopho take the decisions and concerns?
answers: text: the chiefdoms

question: Where is the Bucopho chairman elected?
answers: text: at the inkhundla

question: What is the chairman of the bucopho also called?
answers: text: indvuna ye nkhundla

question: How many members are there of the House Assembly?

question: What do the tinkhundla bring to the House Assembly?

question: What do the inkhundla give to the chiefdoms?
context: As noted above, there are 55 tinkhundla in Swaziland and each elects one representative to the House of Assembly of Swaziland. Each inkhundla has a development committee (bucopho) elected from the various constituency chiefdoms in its area for a five-year term. Bucopho bring to the inkhundla all matters of interest and concern to their various chiefdoms, and take back to the chiefdoms the decisions of the inkhundla. The chairman of the bucopho is elected at the inkhundla and is called indvuna ye nkhundla.

qas: question: What nation is to the east of Swaziland?
answers: text: Mozambique

question: What nation is on the north, east, and western borders of Swaziland?
answers: text: Republic of South Africa

question: How large in square kilometers is Swaziland?
answers: text: 17,364 km2

question: How many geographical regions are within Swaziland?
answers: text: four

question: In which region is there rain forest in Swaziland?
answers: text: the northwest

question: What country completely surrounds Swaziland?

question: What country is east of Mozambique?

question: What country has a land area of 17,364 square miles?

question: How many seperate privinces does Swaziland have?

question: What kind of forest does Swaziland have in the east?
context: A small, landlocked kingdom, Swaziland is bordered in the North, West and South by the Republic of South Africa and by Mozambique in the East. Swaziland has a land area of 17,364 km2. Swaziland has four separate geographical regions. These run from North to South and are determined by altitude. Swaziland is located at approximately 26°30'S, 31°30'E. Swaziland has a wide variety of landscapes, from the mountains along the Mozambican border to savannas in the east and rain forest in the northwest. Several rivers flow through the country, such as the Great Usutu River.

qas: question: What portion of the Swazi population are subsistence farmers?
answers: text: About 75%

question: In terms of Swaziland, what does SNL refer to?
answers: text: Swazi Nation Land

question: Outside of agriculture what provides to the Swazi economy?
answers: text: textile manufacturing

question: What are the problems with Swazi Nation Land?
answers: text: low productivity and investment

question: Where does the population get 75% of its income?

question: What has low productivity compared to Swazi Nation Land?

question: What other industries have low productivity besides agriculture?

question: Where is commercial farming productivity declining?
context: About 75% of the population is employed in subsistence agriculture upon Swazi Nation Land (SNL). In contrast with the commercial farms, Swazi Nation Land suffers from low productivity and investment. This dual nature of the Swazi economy, with high productivity in textile manufacturing and in the industrialised agricultural TDLs on the one hand, and declining productivity subsistence agriculture (on SNL) on the other, may well explain the country's overall low growth, high inequality and unemployment.

qas: question: What has the Real growth in GDP since 2001 in Swaziland in percentage?
answers: text: 2.8%

question: How much lower is the Swazi Real GDP growth in comparison to other Southern African Customs Union members is Swaziland?
answers: text: nearly 2 percentage points

question: When did the public finances in Swaziland decline?
answers: text: the late 1990s

question: What led to Swazi budget cuts?
answers: text: declining revenues and increased spending

question: What have Swaziland's neighbors lagged behind in?

question: What is the average GDP of SACU member countries?

question: How much higher is the Swazi GDP growth compared to the rest of the SACU?

question: What did Swaziland have a surplus of in the 1990's?
context: Economic growth in Swaziland has lagged behind that of its neighbours. Real GDP growth since 2001 has averaged 2.8%, nearly 2 percentage points lower than growth in other Southern African Customs Union (SACU) member countries. Low agricultural productivity in the SNLs, repeated droughts, the devastating effect of HIV/AIDS and an overly large and inefficient government sector are likely contributing factors. Swaziland's public finances deteriorated in the late 1990s following sizeable surpluses a decade earlier. A combination of declining revenues and increased spending led to significant budget deficits.

qas: question: What amount of total public spending in Swaziland is going to wages?
answers: text: 55%

question: What amount of government revenue in Swaziland is from the SACU?
answers: text: 60% of total government revenues

question: What has happened to debt external onus  in Swaziland in the past two decades?
answers: text: declined markedly

question: What percentage of the GDP was represented by outside debt in Swaziland in 2006?
answers: text: less than 20%

question: Who did the spending benefit?

question: What led to considerable growth?

question: What makes up 15% of total public spending?

question: What has a decline in SACU revenues done?
context: The considerable spending did not lead to more growth and did not benefit the poor. Much of the increased spending has gone to current expenditures related to wages, transfers, and subsidies. The wage bill today constitutes over 15% of GDP and 55% of total public spending; these are some of the highest levels on the African continent. The recent rapid growth in SACU revenues has, however, reversed the fiscal situation, and a sizeable surplus was recorded since 2006. SACU revenues today account for over 60% of total government revenues. On the positive side, the external debt burden has declined markedly over the last 20 years, and domestic debt is almost negligible; external debt as a percent of GDP was less than 20% in 2006.

qas: question: Which nations economy is Swaziland most linked with?
answers: text: South Africa

question: What quantity of imports does Swaziland get from South Africa?
answers: text: over 90%

question: What percentage of exported goods from Swaziland end up in South Africa?
answers: text: 70%

question: What happened to Swazi exports of textiles from 2000 to 2005?
answers: text: exports grew by over 200%

question: Between 2000 and 2005 what percentage did Swazi sugar exports increase by?
answers: text: more than 50%

question: Where does South africa recieve 90% of its imorts from?

question: Who sends Swaziland 70% of their exports?

question: What act gives the US and EU trade preference with Swaziland?

question: During what period did Swazi sugar imports increase 200%?
context: The Swazi economy is very closely linked to the economy of South Africa, from which it receives over 90% of its imports and to which it sends about 70% of its exports. Swaziland's other key trading partners are the United States and the EU, from whom the country has received trade preferences for apparel exports (under the African Growth and Opportunity Act – AGOA – to the US) and for sugar (to the EU). Under these agreements, both apparel and sugar exports did well, with rapid growth and a strong inflow of foreign direct investment. Textile exports grew by over 200% between 2000 and 2005 and sugar exports increasing by more than 50% over the same period.

qas: question: What currency is Swaziland bound to?
answers: text: South African Rand

question: Which nation does Swazi defer to when it comes to monetary policy?
answers: text: South Africa

question: Duties from customs represent what amount of Swaziland government revenue?
answers: text: as much as 70%

question: From where does Swaziland get customs revenue?
answers: text: Southern African Customs Union

question: What is the currency in Swaziland and South Africa?

question: What country defers to Swaziland when it comes to monetary policy?

question: What percentage of SACU income is from customs duties?

question: Who does Swaziland pay duties to?
context: Swaziland's currency is pegged to the South African Rand, subsuming Swaziland's monetary policy to South Africa. Customs duties from the Southern African Customs Union, which may equal as much as 70% of government revenue this year, and worker remittances from South Africa substantially supplement domestically earned income. Swaziland is not poor enough to merit an IMF program; however, the country is struggling to reduce the size of the civil service and control costs at public enterprises. The government is trying to improve the atmosphere for foreign direct investment.

qas: question: What percentage of the Swazi population are Christian?
answers: text: 83%

question: Which religious belief is most prevelant in Swaziland?
answers: text: Christianity

question: What amount of Swazi Christians are Roman Catholic?
answers: text: 20%

question: Who is the Anglican Bishop of Swaziland?
answers: text: Ellinah Wamukoya

question: How many Jewish families are there in Swaziland?
answers: text: 14

question: What country makes up 83% of Africa's Christians?

question: What protestant denominations make up 20% of the population?

question: What Catholic Rite  makes up 40% of the population?

question: How many Hindu families are there?
context: 83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland. Anglican, Protestant and indigenous African churches, including African Zionist, constitute the majority of the Christians (40%), followed by Roman Catholicism at 20% of the population. On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoya, was elected Anglican Bishop of Swaziland, becoming the first woman to be a bishop in Africa. 15% of the population follows traditional religions; other non-Christian religions practised in the country include Islam (1%), the Bahá'í Faith (0.5%), and Hinduism (0.2%). There are 14 Jewish families.

qas: question: Of pregnant women, how many are believed to be infected with HIV?
answers: text: 38.8%

question: Who was the prime minister of Swaziland in 2004?
answers: text: Themba Dlamini

question: What does UNAIDS consider universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment?
answers: text: 80% coverage or greater

question: What percentage of HIV/AIDS infected in Swaziland are believed to be treated?
answers: text: 70% to 80%

question: What is the rate of mortality for those with tuberculosis in Swaziland?
answers: text: 18%

question: What crisis began in 2004?

question: What percentage of women have HIV?

question: Who declared a humanitarian crisis in Africa?

question: What has the life expectancy risen to since 2000?
context: In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa). The then Prime Minister Themba Dlamini declared a humanitarian crisis due to the combined effect of drought, land degradation, increased poverty, and HIV/AIDS. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, Swaziland is close to achieving universal access to HIV/AIDS treatment, defined as 80% coverage or greater. Estimates of treatment coverage range from 70% to 80% of those infected. Life expectancy had fallen from 61 years in 2000 to 32 years in 2009. Tuberculosis is also a significant problem, with an 18% mortality rate. Many patients have a multi-drug resistant strain, and 83% are co-infected with HIV.

qas: question: What age attends pre-school in Swaziland?
answers: text: 5-year or younger

question: What percentage of children of age for preschool have access to education in Swaziland?
answers: text: 21.6%

question: In reference to education in Swaziland, hat is an NCP otherwise known as?
answers: text: neighbourhood care points

question: What is does ECCE refer to in the Swazi educational system?
answers: text: early childhood care and education

question: Where do 5 year-olds attend primary school at?

question: What percentage of preschool children do not have acess to early education?

question: What percentage of children have acess to primary school at NCPs?
context: Education in Swaziland begins with pre-school education for infants, primary, secondary and high school education for general education and training (GET), and universities and colleges at tertiary level. Pre-school education is usually for children 5-year or younger after that the students can enroll in a primary school anywhere in the country. In Swaziland early childhood care and education (ECCE) centres are in the form of preschools or neighbourhood care points (NCPs). In the country 21.6% of preschool age children have access to early childhood education.

qas: question: How many years does a student spend in secondary and high school in Swaziland?
answers: text: five

question: For how many years is a Swazi student in junior secondary school?
answers: text: three

question: What is the ECOS within the Swazi education system?
answers: text: Examination Council of Swaziland

question: What do students finishing senior secondary school get?
answers: text: Swaziland General Certificate of Secondary Education

question: What institution does the accreditation for the IGCSE in Swaziland?
answers: text: Cambridge International Examination

question: What education system is divided into 3 years?

question: What is the name of the private axamination taken at the end of junior secondary?

question: Who determines if students can go to senior secondary?

question: What private examination do students sit for at the end of senior secondary?
context: The secondary and high school education system in Swaziland is a five-year programme divided into three years junior secondary and two years senior secondary. There is an external public examination (Junior Certificate) at the end of the junior secondary that learners have to pass to progress to the senior secondary level. The Examination Council of Swaziland (ECOS) administers this examination. At the end of the senior secondary level, learners sit for a public examination, the Swaziland General Certificate of Secondary Education (SGCSE) and International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) which is accredited by the Cambridge International Examination (CIE). A few schools offer the Advanced Studies (AS) programme in their curriculum.

qas: question: The University of Swaziland, Southern Nazarene University, offer higher learning in Swaziland, what is one other University?
answers: text: Swaziland Christian University

question: Where can one find the Limkoking University of Creative Technology?
answers: text: Sidvwashini

question: What is the capital of Swaziland?
answers: text: Mbabane

question: Where in Swaziland is The Good shepherd Hospital?
answers: text: Siteki

question: What nursing school does The Good Shepherd Hospital contain?
answers: text: College for Nursing Assistants

question: What are the 3 schools that offer a university education on the continent?

question: What campus can be found in the capital?

question: What is the nursing and teaching college?

question: What is Siteki the capital of?
context: The University of Swaziland, Southern African Nazarene University, Swaziland Christian University are the institutions that offer university education in the country. A campus of Limkokwing University of Creative Technology can be found at Sidvwashini, a suburb of the capital Mbabane. There are some teaching and nursing assistant colleges around the country. Ngwane Teacher's College and William Pitcher College are the country's teaching colleges. The Good Shepherd Hospital in Siteki is home to the College for Nursing Assistants.

qas: question: Which school is the main location for technical education in Swaziland?
answers: text: Swaziland College of Technology

question: What types of education does the Swaziland College of Technology offer?
answers: text: technology and business studies

question: What is the location of the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute?
answers: text: Matsapha

question: There is an educational facility in Manzini within Swaziland known by the acronym MITC, what does it stand for?
answers: text: Manzini Industrial and Training Centre

question: What university offers technical training?

question: What types of education will the Swaziland College of of Technology when it becomes a university?

question: What is the name of the commercial trainning institute in Manzini?

question: What training center is located in Siteki?
context: The main centre for technical training in Swaziland is the Swaziland College of Technology which is slated to become a full university. It aims to provide and facilitating high quality training and learning in technology and business studies in collaboration with the Commercial, Industrial and Public Sectors. Other technical and vocational institutions are the Gwamile Vocational and Commercial Training Institute located in Matsapha and the Manzini Industrial and Training Centre (MITC) in Manzini. Other vocational institutions include Nhlangano Agricultural Skills Training Center and Siteki Industrial Training Centre.

qas: question: In terms of education in Swaziland what does the acronym SIMPA represent?
answers: text: Swaziland Institute of Management and Public Administration

question: In Swaziland, what is SIMPA?
answers: text: a government owned management and development institute

question: In which locations is the Institute of Development Management?
answers: text: Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland

question: What service does the IDM provide?
answers: text: training, consultancy, and research in management

question: In what year was the Mananga Management Centre founded?
answers: text: 1972

question: When was the SIMPA established?

question: What development and management istitute is privatly owned?
context: In addition to these institutions, Swaziland also has the Swaziland Institute of Management and Public Administration (SIMPA) and Institute of Development Management (IDM). SIMPA is a government owned management and development institute and IDM is a regional organisation in Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland that provides training, consultancy, and research in management. The Mananga management centre was established as Mananga Agricultural Management Centre in 1972 as an International Management Development Centre catering for middle and senior managers, it is located at Ezulwini.

qas: question: In Swaziland, what is kwetfwasa?
answers: text: training of the Sangoma

question: What is a Sangoma in Swaziland?
answers: text: a traditional diviner

question: Why might one want to discover when consulting a sangoma in Swaziland?
answers: text: the cause of sickness or even death

question: How does a sangoma in Swaziland communicate?
answers: text: kubhula

question: What is kushaya ematsambo used for?
answers: text: to determine the cause of the sickness

question: Who is chosen by their chiefdom?

question: What ceremony involves the whole village?

question: Who puts their patients in a trance?

question: What is thrown to cure the sick?
context: The Sangoma is a traditional diviner chosen by the ancestors of that particular family. The training of the Sangoma is called "kwetfwasa". At the end of the training, a graduation ceremony takes place where all the local sangoma come together for feasting and dancing. The diviner is consulted for various reasons, such the cause of sickness or even death. His diagnosis is based on "kubhula", a process of communication, through trance, with the natural superpowers. The Inyanga (a medical and pharmaceutical specialist in western terms) possesses the bone throwing skill ("kushaya ematsambo") used to determine the cause of the sickness.

qas: question: What is the most widely known event in Swazi culture?
answers: text: Umhlanga Reed Dance.

question: How long is the Umhlanga Reed Dance?
answers: text: eight

question: During what time of year is the Umhlanga Reed Dance?
answers: text: late August or early September

question: What individuals can take part in the Umhlanga Reed Dance?
answers: text: childless, unmarried girls

question: As it relates to girls, what is the purpose of the Umhlanga Reed Dance?
answers: text: to preserve girls' chastity

question: What is Swazilands oldest cultural event?

question: Who cuts reeds and then dances for their mothers?

question: Who's daughter becomes the Induna?

question: What fosters loyalty to the Queen Mother?
context: Swaziland's most well-known cultural event is the annual Umhlanga Reed Dance. In the eight-day ceremony, girls cut reeds and present them to the queen mother and then dance. (There is no formal competition.) It is done in late August or early September. Only childless, unmarried girls can take part. The aims of the ceremony are to preserve girls' chastity, provide tribute labour for the Queen mother, and to encourage solidarity by working together. The royal family appoints a commoner maiden to be "induna" (captain) of the girls and she announces over the radio the dates of the ceremony. She will be an expert dancer and knowledgeable on royal protocol. One of the King's daughters will be her counterpart.

qas: question: Until what date was Swaziland bound by umchwasho?
answers: text: 19 August 2005

question: What occurs during the custom of umchwaso in Swaziland?
answers: text: If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine

question: Who became bound by umchwaso in Swaziland?
answers: text: all young girls

question: From where did the Reed Dance originate?
answers: text: the old "umchwasho" custom

question: What would the end of umchwasho be marked with?
answers: text: dancing and feasting

question: What is an ancient ceremony?

question: Who pays a fine to a girls parents if she becomes pregnant?

question: What was first practiced in 2005?

question: Who preformed labour for the chieften?
context: The Reed Dance today is not an ancient ceremony but a development of the old "umchwasho" custom. In "umchwasho", all young girls were placed in a female age-regiment. If any girl became pregnant outside of marriage, her family paid a fine of one cow to the local chief. After a number of years, when the girls had reached a marriageable age, they would perform labour service for the Queen Mother, ending with dancing and feasting. The country was under the chastity rite of "umchwasho" until 19 August 2005.