Clothing

qas: question: What can clothing provide during hazardous activities?
answers: text: safety

question: What type of surfaces can clothing protect from?
answers: text: rough

question: What does clothing keep toxic materials away from?
answers: text: body

question: What can insulate against cold or hot conditions?
answers: text: Clothes

question: What type of radiation can clothing provide some protection from?
answers: text: UV

question: Clothing cannot protect you from what kind of activities

question: Psychologically what serves many purposes?

question: What can protect you from smooth surfaces

question: What offers protection for many kinds of radiation?

question: What helps keep you warm in hot conditions?
context: Physically, clothing serves many purposes: it can serve as protection from the elements, and can enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking. It protects the wearer from rough surfaces, rash-causing plants, insect bites, splinters, thorns and prickles by providing a barrier between the skin and the environment. Clothes can insulate against cold or hot conditions. Further, they can provide a hygienic barrier, keeping infectious and toxic materials away from the body. Clothing also provides protection from harmful UV radiation.

qas: question: What isn't it easy to determine about clothing?
answers: text: when clothing was first developed

question: What organism has provided some information about the timeline of clothing?
answers: text: lice

question: What habitat is the body louse specific to?
answers: text: clothing

question: What may modern humans be the only survivor of several species of?
answers: text: primates

question: How many thousands of years ago may have clothing been worn?
answers: text: 650

question: What is easy to determine about clothing?

question: Please have provided some information about what?

question: What habitat is the head louse is specific to?

question: Headlights diverge from body lice how long ago?

question: Humans are the only primates who may have what?
context: There is no easy way to determine when clothing was first developed, but some information has been inferred by studying lice. The body louse specifically lives in clothing, and diverge from head lice about 107,000 years ago, suggesting that clothing existed at that time. Another theory is that modern humans are the only survivors of several species of primates who may have worn clothes and that clothing may have been used as long ago as 650 thousand years ago. Other louse-based estimates put the introduction of clothing at around 42,000–72,000 BP.

qas: question: What obvious improvement does clothing bestow upon the wearer?
answers: text: comfort

question: In what type of climate does clothing protect against sunburn and wind damage?
answers: text: hot

question: What property of clothing is important in cold climates?
answers: text: thermal insulation

question: What has seasonal and regional aspects?
answers: text: clothing

question: What type of material tends to be worn in warmer seasons?
answers: text: thinner

question: The least obvious improvement bestowed by clothing is what?

question: In cold climate clothing protects against sunburn and what?

question: What usually increases the functional need for clothing?

question: What property of clothing is important in hot climates?

question: More layers of clothing are generally worn when?
context: The most obvious function of clothing is to improve the comfort of the wearer, by protecting the wearer from the elements. In hot climates, clothing provides protection from sunburn or wind damage, while in cold climates its thermal insulation properties are generally more important. Shelter usually reduces the functional need for clothing. For example, coats, hats, gloves, and other superficial layers are normally removed when entering a warm home, particularly if one is residing or sleeping there. Similarly, clothing has seasonal and regional aspects, so that thinner materials and fewer layers of clothing are generally worn in warmer seasons and regions than in colder ones.

qas: question: What variety has there been in the materials of clothing throughout history?
answers: text: very wide

question: What is an article that is carried rather than worn that isn't regarded as clothing?
answers: text: purses

question: Jewelry isn't considered clothing because it's usually worn purely for what reason?
answers: text: adornment

question: What are footwear and hats both considered?
answers: text: accessories

question: What is an example of something that serves a function other than protection?
answers: text: eyeglasses

question: There has been little variety in materials used for what?

question: All what is regarded as clothing?

question: What article of clothing is carried rather than worn?

question: Jewelry is usually consider clothing because his worn for what reason?

question: Footwear and hats are consider clothing rather than what?
context: Clothing can and has in history been made from a very wide variety of materials. Materials have ranged from leather and furs, to woven materials, to elaborate and exotic natural and synthetic fabrics. Not all body coverings are regarded as clothing. Articles carried rather than worn (such as purses), worn on a single part of the body and easily removed (scarves), worn purely for adornment (jewelry), or those that serve a function other than protection (eyeglasses), are normally considered accessories rather than clothing, as are footwear and hats.

qas: question: What does clothing protect from things which may injure it?
answers: text: the uncovered human body

question: Rain, snow, and wind are what class of things clothing protects the wearer from?
answers: text: elements

question: Clothing that is too sheer will offer less what?
answers: text: protection

question: What type of hazard is noxious chemicals?
answers: text: environmental

question: What type of clothing do doctors wear to protect their surroundings?
answers: text: medical scrubs

question: Clothing does not protect the wearer from what elements?

question: Clothing that is sheer will offer more what?

question: Noxious chemicals are not what kind of hazard?

question: What do doctors were to protect themselves from their surroundings?
context: Clothing protects against many things that might injure the uncovered human body. Clothes protect people from the elements, including rain, snow, wind, and other weather, as well as from the sun. However, clothing that is too sheer, thin, small, tight, etc., offers less protection. Clothes also reduce risk during activities such as work or sport. Some clothing protects from specific environmental hazards, such as insects, noxious chemicals, weather, weapons, and contact with abrasive substances. Conversely, clothing may protect the environment from the clothing wearer, as with doctors wearing medical scrubs.

qas: question: What animal has shown extreme inventiveness in the clothing it has devised?
answers: text: Humans

question: What are space suits an example of a solution to? 
answers: text: environmental hazards

question: What type of implication might a certain type of clothing have?
answers: text: social

question: What value may clothing designed to be fashionable also have?
answers: text: protective

question: Why are some parts of the body covered?
answers: text: social norms

question: Humans have shown little inventiveness in what?

question: What does not have social implications

question: What do social norms not require of clothes?

question: The distinction between clothing and what is always clear?

question: Clothing that is designed to be fashionable is not also what
context: Humans have shown extreme inventiveness in devising clothing solutions to environmental hazards. Examples include: space suits, air conditioned clothing, armor, diving suits, swimsuits, bee-keeper gear, motorcycle leathers, high-visibility clothing, and other pieces of protective clothing. Meanwhile, the distinction between clothing and protective equipment is not always clear-cut—since clothes designed to be fashionable often have protective value and clothes designed for function often consider fashion in their design. Wearing clothes also has social implications. They cover parts of the body that social norms require to be covered, act as a form of adornment, and serve other social purposes.

qas: question: What century do dissertation on clothing first appear from?
answers: text: 19th

question: What year was J. C. Flügel's Psychology of Clothes published?
answers: text: 1930

question: Whose book entitled Physiology of Heat Regulation and The Science of Clothing was published in 1949?
answers: text: Newburgh's

question: How much had the science of clothing in relation to environmental factors changed by 1968?
answers: text: little

question: What have remained unchanged while the knowledge has grown?
answers: text: the main concepts

question: What led to the first dissertation on clothing in the eighteenth century

question: Who published psychology of close in 1920?

question: What field is not spending significantly since 1968?

question: The science of clothing in relation to what changed a lot by 1968?

question: Considerable research has been done changing what?
context: Although dissertations on clothing and its function appear from the 19th century as colonising countries dealt with new environments, concerted scientific research into psycho-social, physiological and other functions of clothing (e.g. protective, cartage) occurred in the first half of the 20th century, with publications such as J. C. Flügel's Psychology of Clothes in 1930, and Newburgh's seminal Physiology of Heat Regulation and The Science of Clothing in 1949. By 1968, the field of environmental physiology had advanced and expanded significantly, but the science of clothing in relation to environmental physiology had changed little. While considerable research has since occurred and the knowledge-base has grown significantly, the main concepts remain unchanged, and indeed Newburgh's book is still cited by contemporary authors, including those attempting to develop thermoregulatory models of clothing development.

qas: question: What is an example of clothing that was once seen as exclusively for males?
answers: text: Trousers

question: What gender's clothing is often more practical?
answers: text: Male

question: What can males typically bare in more places?
answers: text: their chests

question: What would be unlikely to raise eyebrows if a woman were to wear it?
answers: text: male clothing

question: What is a common opinion about men wearing women's clothing?
answers: text: unusual

question: What clothing is exclusively for males?

question: Female clothing is often more what?

question: Males are typically not allowed to show what in public places

question: It is generally not acceptable for women to wear what?

question: In Western society skirts dresses and neckties are typically seen as what?
context: In Western societies, skirts, dresses and high-heeled shoes are usually seen as women's clothing, while neckties are usually seen as men's clothing. Trousers were once seen as exclusively male clothing, but are nowadays worn by both genders. Male clothes are often more practical (that is, they can function well under a wide variety of situations), but a wider range of clothing styles are available for females. Males are typically allowed to bare their chests in a greater variety of public places. It is generally acceptable for a woman to wear traditionally male clothing, while the converse is unusual.

qas: question: Who was allowed to wear gamrents dyed with Tyrian purple in ancient Rome?
answers: text: senators

question: Who was allowed to wear feather cloaks and palaoa in old school Hawaiian society?
answers: text: high-ranking chiefs

question: What right were lower caste women required to pay a tax to acquire?
answers: text: the right to cover their upper body

question: What country once only allowed their emperor to wear yellow?
answers: text: China

question: What can peer pressure influence?
answers: text: clothing choice

question: Who is not allowed to wear garments dyed purple in ancient Rome

question: What is not used to indicate rancor status?

question: In one country could the Emperor not wear yellow?

question: what kind of laws do not regulate what people could wear
context: In some societies, clothing may be used to indicate rank or status. In ancient Rome, for example, only senators could wear garments dyed with Tyrian purple. In traditional Hawaiian society, only high-ranking chiefs could wear feather cloaks and palaoa, or carved whale teeth. Under the Travancore Kingdom of Kerala, (India), lower caste women had to pay a tax for the right to cover their upper body. In China, before establishment of the republic, only the emperor could wear yellow. History provides many examples of elaborate sumptuary laws that regulated what people could wear. In societies without such laws, which includes most modern societies, social status is instead signaled by the purchase of rare or luxury items that are limited by cost to those with wealth or status. In addition, peer pressure influences clothing choice.

qas: question: How was the earliest clothing kept on the body?
answers: text: tied around

question: What does clothing materials do more quickly compared to stone and bone?
answers: text: deteriorate

question: Who has identified needles from about 30,000 B.C.?
answers: text: Archeologists

question: Where have flax fibers which may have been used in clothing found?
answers: text: a prehistoric cave

question: What dates back to 36,000 BP?
answers: text: Dyed flax fibers

question: The earliest clothing was pinned to what?

question: Clothing material deteriorates slowly compared to what?

question: Where have we not yet found flax fibers

question: Archaeologists have found early metal needles from when?
context: According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing likely consisted of fur, leather, leaves, or grass that were draped, wrapped, or tied around the body. Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts. Archeologists have identified very early sewing needles of bone and ivory from about 30,000 BC, found near Kostenki, Russia in 1988. Dyed flax fibers that could have been used in clothing have been found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP.

qas: question: What group of people debate when humans stated wearing clothes?
answers: text: Scientists

question: What type of analysis has been conducted on human body lice?
answers: text: genetic

question: What do lice require human clothing to do?
answers: text: survive

question: What may have the invention of clothing happened with?
answers: text: northward migration

question: What about the origin of clothing remains unanswered?
answers: text: the date

question: Scientists are in agreement about when people begin to do what?

question: What type of analysis has been done on headlights?

question: Body lice require hair to what?

question: Southward migration coincided with what? 

question: Most humans have lots of hair hair which leads to what?
context: Scientists are still debating when people started wearing clothes. Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking, anthropologists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, have conducted a genetic analysis of human body lice that suggests clothing originated quite recently, around 170,000 years ago. Body lice is an indicator of clothes-wearing, since most humans have sparse body hair, and lice thus require human clothing to survive. Their research suggests the invention of clothing may have coincided with the northward migration of modern Homo sapiens away from the warm climate of Africa, thought to have begun between 50,000 and 100,000 years ago. However, a second group of researchers using similar genetic methods estimate that clothing originated around 540,000 years ago (Reed et al. 2004. PLoS Biology 2(11): e340). For now, the date of the origin of clothing remains unresolved.[citation needed]

qas: question: Various cultures have come up with ways of making clothes from what?
answers: text: cloth

question: Many people still wear clothes that are what shape?
answers: text: rectangles

question: What nationality wears kilts?
answers: text: Scottish

question: Pins or belts hold what in place?
answers: text: garments

question: What precious material may remain uncut?
answers: text: cloth

question: Different cultures have evolved various ways of making whatever for?

question: Few people still wear garments made of what?

question: Pins are used to hold up what Indian governments

question: With Scottish garment is tied?

question: What are the disadvantage of making clothes from a single rectangular cloth?
context: Different cultures have evolved various ways of creating clothes out of cloth. One approach simply involves draping the cloth. Many people wore, and still wear, garments consisting of rectangles of cloth wrapped to fit – for example, the dhoti for men and the sari for women in the Indian subcontinent, the Scottish kilt or the Javanese sarong. The clothes may simply be tied up, as is the case of the first two garments; or pins or belts hold the garments in place, as in the case of the latter two. The precious cloth remains uncut, and people of various sizes or the same person at different sizes can wear the garment.

qas: question: What had somewhat became an international style by the early 21st century?
answers: text: western clothing styles

question: Cultural dissemination has continued over the what?
answers: text: centuries

question: What have Western corporations penetrated?
answers: text: markets throughout the world

question: Who has been spreading Western culture and styles?
answers: text: Western media corporations

question: Who donates discard Western clothing to people in poor places?
answers: text: charity organizations

question: Eastern clothing styles have become international styles by what century?

question: This process ended with what?

question: Easter media corporations have spread what?

question: Eastern close are also delivered to poor people by who?

question: What type of garment is more expensive and mass-produced?
context: By the early years of the 21st century, western clothing styles had, to some extent, become international styles. This process began hundreds of years earlier, during the periods of European colonialism. The process of cultural dissemination has perpetuated over the centuries as Western media corporations have penetrated markets throughout the world, spreading Western culture and styles. Fast fashion clothing has also become a global phenomenon. These garments are less expensive, mass-produced Western clothing. Donated used clothing from Western countries are also delivered to people in poor countries by charity organizations.

qas: question: Safety reasons may be why someone wears this type of clothing.
answers: text: special

question: Leotards are an example of what type of garment?
answers: text: sportswear

question: What does spandex soak up?
answers: text: sweat

question: What's an example of a form fitting garment?
answers: text: Spandex

question: What type of sport is wrestling considered?
answers: text: active

question: What physical activities do not require special clothing?

question: What the spandex not soak up?

question: What are not common sports governments
context: Most sports and physical activities are practiced wearing special clothing, for practical, comfort or safety reasons. Common sportswear garments include shorts, T-shirts, tennis shirts, leotards, tracksuits, and trainers. Specialized garments include wet suits (for swimming, diving or surfing), salopettes (for skiing) and leotards (for gymnastics). Also, spandex materials are often used as base layers to soak up sweat. Spandex is also preferable for active sports that require form fitting garments, such as volleyball, wrestling, track & field, dance, gymnastics and swimming.

qas: question: Changes keep happening because new cultural stuff meets these type of innovations.
answers: text: technological

question: What have researchers in science labs been making?
answers: text: prototypes

question: What elementary force can some specialized fabrics generate?
answers: text: electricity

question: What can garments made with kevlar resist?
answers: text: bullets

question: Stain-resistant fabrics are coated with chemicals to reduce what?
answers: text: absorption of liquids

question: Why is clothing slow to change?

question: Scientists are developing what they can serve either a functional purpose for a traditional

question: Some less practical

question: Stain resistant fabrics absorb what?
context: The world of clothing is always changing, as new cultural influences meet technological innovations. Researchers in scientific labs have been developing prototypes for fabrics that can serve functional purposes well beyond their traditional roles, for example, clothes that can automatically adjust their temperature, repel bullets, project images, and generate electricity. Some practical advances already available to consumers are bullet-resistant garments made with kevlar and stain-resistant fabrics that are coated with chemical mixtures that reduce the absorption of liquids.

qas: question: What type of conditions do many garment works endure?
answers: text: challenging

question: What type of clothing is frequently the product of sweatshops?
answers: text: Mass-produced

question: What is a feature of sweatshops beyond lack of benefits and representation?
answers: text: long work hours

question: Poor conditions found in developing countries may also be found in what type of nations?
answers: text: industrialized

question: What type of immigrant often staff sweatshops?
answers: text: undocumented

question: What workers enjoy good conditions?

question: What requires varied manual labor?

question: Here my clothing is often produced in what?

question: Most examples of what are found in industrial countries?

question: What transformed most industry by the 1800s?
context: Though mechanization transformed most aspects of human industry by the mid-20th century, garment workers have continued to labor under challenging conditions that demand repetitive manual labor. Mass-produced clothing is often made in what are considered by some to be sweatshops, typified by long work hours, lack of benefits, and lack of worker representation. While most examples of such conditions are found in developing countries, clothes made in industrialized nations may also be manufactured similarly, often staffed by undocumented immigrants.[citation needed]

qas: question: The abolishing of the MFA made what possible?
answers: text: Outsourcing production to low wage countries

question: What did the MFA put quotas on?
answers: text: textiles imports

question: What is often identified as the reason for less than ideal working conditions for garment workers?
answers: text: Globalization

question: What treaty tries to set standards for worker safety and rights?
answers: text: the International Labor Organization

question: What country has failed to ratify sections 87 and 92 of the ILO?
answers: text: India

question: Abolishing what stopped outsourcing to low-wage countries?

question: The MFA stop quotas on what?

question: Wh what is often quoted is contributing to improved working conditions?

question: What treaty lowered standards for worker safety rights?

question: India has ratified all sections of what treaty?
context: Outsourcing production to low wage countries like Bangladesh, China, India and Sri Lanka became possible when the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) was abolished. The MFA, which placed quotas on textiles imports, was deemed a protectionist measure.[citation needed] Globalization is often quoted as the single most contributing factor to the poor working conditions of garment workers. Although many countries recognize treaties like the International Labor Organization, which attempt to set standards for worker safety and rights, many countries have made exceptions to certain parts of the treaties or failed to thoroughly enforce them. India for example has not ratified sections 87 and 92 of the treaty.[citation needed]

qas: question: What have humans used for clothing since prehistoric times?
answers: text: animal fur

question: Indigenous people in what zones use fur for warmth and protection?
answers: text: arctic

question: Using animal fur as clothing was once considered what?
answers: text: uncontroversial

question: Who considers animal fur to be cruel and unnecessary?
answers: text: campaigners

question: What's the four letter name of an animal liberation group?
answers: text: PETA

question: What has not been used for clothing since prehistoric times?

question: Indigenous people in the tropics use for for what?

question: Using what for clothing has always been controversial?

question: Who consider animal first to be necessary
context: The use of animal fur in clothing dates to prehistoric times. It is currently associated in developed countries with expensive, designer clothing, although fur is still used by indigenous people in arctic zones and higher elevations for its warmth and protection. Once uncontroversial, it has recently been the focus of campaigns on the grounds that campaigners consider it cruel and unnecessary. PETA, along with other animal rights and animal liberation groups have called attention to fur farming and other practices they consider cruel.

qas: question: What's the point of ironing clothing?
answers: text: to remove wrinkles

question: What type of clothing is believed to look neat, fresh and clean?
answers: text: Ironed

question: What material doesn't easily wrinkle?
answers: text: knit

question: Permanent press materials have been treated with what?
answers: text: a coating

question: What does polytetrafluoroethylene suppress?
answers: text: wrinkles

question: Many what are designed to be ironed?

question: What material wrinkles easily?

question: What type of closing encourages wrinkles?

question: It does not suppress wrinkles?

question: Doing what creates a rough appearance without ironing?
context: Many kinds of clothing are designed to be ironed before they are worn to remove wrinkles. Most modern formal and semi-formal clothing is in this category (for example, dress shirts and suits). Ironed clothes are believed to look clean, fresh, and neat. Much contemporary casual clothing is made of knit materials that do not readily wrinkle, and do not require ironing. Some clothing is permanent press, having been treated with a coating (such as polytetrafluoroethylene) that suppresses wrinkles and creates a smooth appearance without ironing.

qas: question: What releases formaldehyde?
answers: text: A resin

question: What can cause contact dermatitis for some people?
answers: text: formaldehyde

question: What government office found high levels of formaldehyde in non-wrinkle clothing in 2008?
answers: text: Accountability

question: How many months of washing did a 1999 study look at?
answers: text: 6

question: How many ppm is a safe limit for direct skin exposure to formaldehyde?
answers: text: 75

question: Non-wrinkle shirts do not contain what?

question: What does not cause contact dermatitis?

question: Disclosure agreements exist for what?

question: It was found that the lowest levels of formaldehyde were found in what?

question: Seventy-five ppm of formaldehyde is not a safe limit for what?
context: A resin used for making non-wrinkle shirts releases formaldehyde, which could cause contact dermatitis for some people; no disclosure requirements exist, and in 2008 the U.S. Government Accountability Office tested formaldehyde in clothing and found that generally the highest levels were in non-wrinkle shirts and pants. In 1999, a study of the effect of washing on the formaldehyde levels found that after 6 months after washing, 7 of 27 shirts had levels in excess of 75 ppm, which is a safe limit for direct skin exposure.

qas: question: What used to be considered an art, back in the day?
answers: text: mending

question: What could an accomplished tailor or seamstress skillfully render almost invisible?
answers: text: tear

question: Why did it make sense to spend time fixing cloth?
answers: text: worth more than labor

question: What is clothing considered today?
answers: text: a consumable item

question: What type of person is likely to replace zippers and buttons?
answers: text: thrifty

question: What is still considered an art today?

question: A mediocre tail or seamstress could make it so what?

question: When cloth was worth less than the labor it made sense to do what?

question: What is not considered a consumable item today?

question: What is more expensive than the labor required to repair it?
context: In past times, mending was an art. A meticulous tailor or seamstress could mend rips with thread raveled from hems and seam edges so skillfully that the tear was practically invisible. When the raw material – cloth – was worth more than labor, it made sense to expend labor in saving it. Today clothing is considered a consumable item. Mass-manufactured clothing is less expensive than the labor required to repair it. Many people buy a new piece of clothing rather than spend time mending. The thrifty still replace zippers and buttons and sew up ripped hems.