Mexico_City

qas: question: How man feet above sea level is Mexico City
answers: text: 7,350

question: How many municipalities are in Mexico City?
answers: text: sixteen

question: What did they used to call the municipalities within Mexico City?
answers: text: boroughs

question: What is the Spanish word for Mexico City?
answers: text: Ciudad de México

question: How many meters above sea is Mexico City?
answers: text: 2,240
context: Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Spanish: Ciudad de México  audio (help·info) American Spanish: [sjuˈða(ð) ðe ˈméxiko]; abbreviated as "CDMX"), is the capital of Mexico. As an "alpha" global city, Mexico City is one of the most important financial centers in the Americas. It is located in the Valley of Mexico (Valle de México), a large valley in the high plateaus at the center of Mexico, at an altitude of 2,240 metres (7,350 ft). The city consists of sixteen municipalities (previously called boroughs).

qas: question: How big is Mexico City's GDP?
answers: text: US$411 billion

question: How much bigger is Mexico City's GDP's than Costa Rica's?
answers: text: five times

question: What percent of the Mexican GDP is the metropolitan area of Mexico City responsible for?
answers: text: 22%

question: Which country has about the same size GDP as Mexico city?
answers: text: Peru
context: The Greater Mexico City has a gross domestic product (GDP) of US$411 billion in 2011, making Mexico City urban agglomeration one of the economically largest metropolitan areas in the world. The city was responsible for generating 15.8% of Mexico's Gross Domestic Product and the metropolitan area accounted for about 22% of total national GDP. As a stand-alone country, in 2013, Mexico City would be the fifth-largest economy in Latin America—five times as large as Costa Rica's and about the same size as Peru's.

qas: question: What was the original name of Mexico City?
answers: text: Tenochtitlan

question: Who originally built Mexico City?
answers: text: the Aztecs

question: When was the Federal District formed?
answers: text: 1824

question: Where was the city first built?
answers: text: on an island of Lake Texcoco

question: When was Mexico City officially founded by the Spanish?
answers: text: 1585
context: Mexico’s capital is both the oldest capital city in the Americas and one of two founded by Amerindians (Native Americans), the other being Quito. The city was originally built on an island of Lake Texcoco by the Aztecs in 1325 as Tenochtitlan, which was almost completely destroyed in the 1521 siege of Tenochtitlan, and subsequently redesigned and rebuilt in accordance with the Spanish urban standards. In 1524, the municipality of Mexico City was established, known as México Tenochtitlán, and as of 1585 it was officially known as Ciudad de México (Mexico City). Mexico City served as the political, administrative and financial center of a major part of the Spanish colonial empire. After independence from Spain was achieved, the Federal District was created in 1824.

qas: question: Why can't Mexico City become a state?
answers: text: Because of a clause in the Mexican Constitution

question: When did people become able to vote for representation?
answers: text: 1997

question: What political party controls the Mexico City legislature? 
answers: text: Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD)

question: What was Mexico City's old affiliation with the nation of Mexico?
answers: text: Federal District

question: How are officials elected to the legislature? 
answers: text: popular vote
context: After years of demanding greater political autonomy, residents were given the right to directly elect a Head of Government and the representatives of the unicameral Legislative Assembly by popular vote in 1997. Ever since, the left-wing Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) has controlled both of them. In recent years, the local government has passed a wave of liberal policies, such as abortion on request, a limited form of euthanasia, no-fault divorce, and same-sex marriage. On January 29, 2016, it ceased to be called the Federal District (Spanish: Distrito Federal or D.F.) and is now in transition to become the country's 32nd federal entity, giving it a level of autonomy comparable to that of a state. Because of a clause in the Mexican Constitution, however, as the seat of the powers of the Union, it can never become a state, lest the capital of the country be relocated elsewhere.

qas: question: What was the labor draft called?
answers: text: the desagüe

question: Who helped build infrastructure around the lake?
answers: text: Indians

question: What was the main problem with being so close to the lake?
answers: text: flooding

question: What was a negative of regulating the lake's water height?
answers: text: changed the habitat for fish and birds

question: How many Indians helped build the infrastructure? 
answers: text: thousands
context: The city grew as the population did, coming up against the lake's waters. As the depth of the lake water fluctuated, Mexico City was subject to periodic flooding. A major labor draft, the desagüe, compelled thousands of Indians over the colonial period to work on infrastructure to prevent flooding. Floods were not only an inconvenience but also a health hazard, since during flood periods human waste polluted the city's streets. By draining the area, the mosquito population dropped as did the frequency of the diseases they spread. However, draining the wetlands also changed the habitat for fish and birds and the areas accessible for Indian cultivation close to the capital.

qas: question: What is a common nickname for Mexico City?
answers: text: The city of palaces

question: How did mexican nobles spend money in Mexico City?
answers: text: building churches, supporting charities and building extravagant palatial homes

question: When did the construction of exuberant houses slow down?
answers: text: the last half of the 18th century
context: The concept of nobility flourished in New Spain in a way not seen in other parts of the Americas. Spaniards encountered a society in which the concept of nobility mirrored that of their own. Spaniards respected the indigenous order of nobility and added to it. In the ensuing centuries, possession of a noble title in Mexico did not mean one exercised great political power, for one's power was limited even if the accumulation of wealth was not. The concept of nobility in Mexico was not political but rather a very conservative Spanish social one, based on proving the worthiness of the family. Most of these families proved their worth by making fortunes in New Spain outside of the city itself, then spending the revenues in the capital, building churches, supporting charities and building extravagant palatial homes. The craze to build the most opulent residence possible reached its height in the last half of the 18th century. Many of these palaces can still be seen today, leading to Mexico City's nickname of "The city of palaces" given by Alexander Von Humboldt.

qas: question: When did Mexico gain independence? 
answers: text: September 27, 1821

question: How long was the war?
answers: text: a decade

question: What was the first battle of the Mexican Independence war called? 
answers: text: The Battle of Guanajuato

question: What was the battle cry of the war?
answers: text: Grito

question: When did the war begin?
answers: text: September 16, 1810
context: The Grito de Dolores ("Cry of Dolores") also known as El Grito de la Independencia ("Cry of Independence"), uttered from the small town of Dolores near Guanajuato on September 16, 1810, is the event that marks the beginning of the Mexican War of Independence and is the most important national holiday observed in Mexico. The "Grito" was the battle cry of the Mexican War of Independence by Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Roman Catholic priest. Hidalgo and several criollos were involved in a planned revolt against the Spanish colonial government, and the plotters were betrayed. Fearing his arrest, Hidalgo commanded his brother Mauricio as well as Ignacio Allende and Mariano Abasolo to go with a number of other armed men to make the sheriff release the pro-independence inmates there on the night of September 15. They managed to set eighty free. Around 6:00 am September 16, 1810, Hidalgo ordered the church bells to be rung and gathered his congregation. Flanked by Allende and Juan Aldama, he addressed the people in front of his church, encouraging them to revolt. The Battle of Guanajuato, the first major engagement of the insurgency, occurred four days later. Mexico's independence from Spain was effectively declared in the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire on September 27, 1821, after a decade of war. Unrest followed for the next several decades, as different factions fought for control of Mexico.

qas: question: Who commanded the U.S. Army in the battle against Mexico City?
answers: text: Winfield Scott

question: What war did America and Mexico fight in?
answers: text: Mexican–American War

question: When did the battle for Mexico City take place
answers: text: September 8 to September 15, 1847

question: What American divisions got into Mexico City?
answers: text: U.S. Army's 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th
context: The Battle for Mexico City was the series of engagements from September 8 to September 15, 1847, in the general vicinity of Mexico City during the Mexican–American War. Included are major actions at the battles of Molino del Rey and Chapultepec, culminating with the fall of Mexico City. The U.S. Army under Winfield Scott scored a major success that ended the war. The American invasion into the Federal District was first resisted during the Battle of Churubusco on August 8 where the Saint Patrick's Battalion, which was composed primarily of Catholic Irish and German immigrants, but also Canadians, English, French, Italians, Poles, Scots, Spaniards, Swiss, and Mexican people, fought for the Mexican cause repelling the American attacks. After defeating the Saint Patrick's Battalion, the Mexican–American War came to a close after the United States deployed combat units deep into Mexico resulting in the capture of Mexico City and Veracruz by the U.S. Army's 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Divisions. The invasion culminated with the storming of Chapultepec Castle in the city itself.

qas: question: Who led the 4th division?
answers: text: John A. Quitman

question: What treaty was signed?
answers: text: Guadalupe Hidalgo

question: Who were the future confederate generals?
answers: text: George E. Pickett and James Longstreet

question: Who carried the castle?
answers: text: the 4th Division

question: When did the castle fall?
answers: text: on September 13
context: During this battle, on September 13, the 4th Division, under John A. Quitman, spearheaded the attack against Chapultepec and carried the castle. Future Confederate generals George E. Pickett and James Longstreet participated in the attack. Serving in the Mexican defense were the cadets later immortalized as Los Niños Héroes (the "Boy Heroes"). The Mexican forces fell back from Chapultepec and retreated within the city. Attacks on the Belén and San Cosme Gates came afterwards. The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in what is now the far north of the city.

qas: question: When was most of the urbanization completed? 
answers: text: by 1908

question: The extensive modernization started with what?
answers: text: Many Spanish Colonial style buildings were destroyed

question: What was built during the modernization?
answers: text: hospitals, schools, factories and massive public works

question: What famous street was built during this period of modernization?
answers: text: Reforma Avenue
context: During this era of Porfirian rule, the city underwent an extensive modernization. Many Spanish Colonial style buildings were destroyed, replaced by new much larger Porfirian institutions and many outlying rural zones were transformed into urban or industrialized districts with most having electrical, gas and sewage utilities by 1908. While the initial focus was on developing modern hospitals, schools, factories and massive public works, perhaps the most long-lasting effects of the Porfirian modernization were creation of the Colonia Roma area and the development of Reforma Avenue. Many of Mexico City's major attractions and landmarks were built during this era in this style.

qas: question: What was turned into a monument after the war? 
answers: text: the main dome of Diaz's new senate hall

question: Who was the man behind the modernization of Mexico City?
answers: text: Diaz

question: Why wasn't Diaz's plan completed? 
answers: text: the Mexican Revolution

question: What was the overall design plan of Mexico City?
answers: text: Porfirian/French style

question: What was the main construction project in the Profirian/French style?
answers: text: Colonia Roma
context: Diaz's plans called for the entire city to eventually be modernized or rebuilt in the Porfirian/French style of the Colonia Roma; but the Mexican Revolution began soon afterward and the plans never came to fruition, with many projects being left half-completed. One of the best examples of this is the Monument to the Mexican Revolution. Originally the monument was to be the main dome of Diaz's new senate hall, but when the revolution erupted only the dome of the senate hall and its supporting pillars were completed, this was subsequently seen as a symbol by many Mexicans that the Porfirian era was over once and for all and as such, it was turned into a monument to victory over Diaz.

qas: question: Who was the leader at the end of the Mexican Revolution?
answers: text: Plutarco Elias Calles

question: Where was Alvaro Obregon killed? 
answers: text: in a restaurant near La Bombilla Park in San Ángel

question: When was Alvaro Obregon killed? 
answers: text: 1928

question: Where were the Zapatist forces from?
answers: text: Morelos

question: Who was the third to last leader before the end of the Mexican Revolution?
answers: text: Adolfo de la Huerta
context: Zapatist forces, which were based in neighboring Morelos had strengths in the southern edge of the Federal District, which included Xochimilco, Tlalpan, Tláhuac and Milpa Alta to fight against the regimes of Victoriano Huerta and Venustiano Carranza. After the assassination of Carranza and a short mandate by Adolfo de la Huerta, Álvaro Obregón took power. After willing to be re-elected, he was killed by José de León Toral, a devout Catholic, in a restaurant near La Bombilla Park in San Ángel in 1928. Plutarco Elias Calles replaced Obregón and culminated the Mexican Revolution.

qas: question: How many of the industrial jobs in the county were based in Mexico City in the late 20th century?
answers: text: half

question: What did the countryside workers make to live in? 
answers: text: shantytowns

question: What did the shantytowns create?
answers: text: serious air pollution
context: In 1980 half of all the industrial jobs in Mexico were located in Mexico City. Under relentless growth, the Mexico City government could barely keep up with services. Villagers from the countryside who continued to pour into the city to escape poverty only compounded the city's problems. With no housing available, they took over lands surrounding the city, creating huge shantytowns that extended for many miles. This caused serious air pollution in Mexico City and water pollution problems, as well as subsidence due to overextraction of groundwater. Air and water pollution has been contained and improved in several areas due to government programs, the renovation of vehicles and the modernization of public transportation.

qas: question: What day of the week did the major earthquake strike Mexico City?
answers: text: Thursday

question: How strong was the powerful earthquake that hit Mexico City in 1985?
answers: text: 8.1 on the Richter scale

question: What month did the 8.1 earthquake hit Mexico City in 1985?
answers: text: September

question: Why did the one-party government struggle after the major earthquake in 1985?
answers: text: paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption

question: Who led the rescue effort after the earthquake of 1985?
answers: text: ordinary citizens
context: On Thursday, September 19, 1985, at 7:19 am local time, Mexico City was struck by an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 on the Richter scale. Although this earthquake was not as deadly or destructive as many similar events in Asia and other parts of Latin America, it proved to be a disaster politically for the one-party government. The government was paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption, forcing ordinary citizens to create and direct their own rescue efforts and to reconstruct much of the housing that was lost as well.

qas: question: What is the minimum height in meters of the region Mexico City is located in?
answers: text: 2,200

question: Where is Mexico City located?
answers: text: Valley of Mexico

question: How high do the mountains get in Mexico City's region?
answers: text: 5,000 metres (16,000 feet)

question: Why is Mexico City vulnerable to flooding?
answers: text: no natural drainage outlet for the waters that flow from the mountainsides

question: How does the city prevent flooding?
answers: text: canals and tunnels
context: Mexico City is located in the Valley of Mexico, sometimes called the Basin of Mexico. This valley is located in the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in the high plateaus of south-central Mexico. It has a minimum altitude of 2,200 meters (7,200 feet) above sea level and is surrounded by mountains and volcanoes that reach elevations of over 5,000 metres (16,000 feet). This valley has no natural drainage outlet for the waters that flow from the mountainsides, making the city vulnerable to flooding. Drainage was engineered through the use of canals and tunnels starting in the 17th century.

qas: question: When did draining of Lake Texcoco begin?
answers: text: 17th century

question: How much water is there, approximately, in the lake Mexico City is on?
answers: text: none

question: How much has the city fallen?
answers: text: as much as nine metres (30 feet)

question: What does Mexico City rest on?
answers: text: Lake Texcoco

question: Where are most of the trees located in Mexico City?
answers: text: southern boroughs
context: Mexico city primarily rests on what was Lake Texcoco. Seismic activity is frequent here. Lake Texcoco was drained starting from the 17th century. Although none of the lake waters remain, the city rests on the lake bed's heavily saturated clay. This soft base is collapsing due to the over-extraction of groundwater, called groundwater-related subsidence. Since the beginning of the 20th century the city has sunk as much as nine metres (30 feet) in some areas. This sinking is causing problems with runoff and wastewater management, leading to flooding problems, especially during the rainy season. The entire lake bed is now paved over and most of the city's remaining forested areas lie in the southern boroughs of Milpa Alta, Tlalpan and Xochimilco.

qas: question: How much rain falls on Mexico City?
answers: text: 820 millimetres (32.3 in)

question: When is it warm, yet does not rain?
answers: text: March to May

question: When does the majority of the rain fall in Mexico City?
answers: text: June to October

question: When is it coldest in Mexico City?
answers: text: November to February

question: What mostly controls the rain in Mexico City?
answers: text: tropical winds
context: The area receives about 820 millimetres (32.3 in) of annual rainfall, which is concentrated from June through September/October with little or no precipitation the remainder of the year. The area has two main seasons. The rainy season runs from June to October when winds bring in tropical moisture from the sea. The dry season runs from November to May, when the air is relatively drier. This dry season subdivides into a cold period and a warm period. The cold period spans from November to February when polar air masses push down from the north and keep the air fairly dry. The warm period extends from March to May when tropical winds again dominate but do not yet carry enough moisture for rain.

qas: question: What happened to the dikes the Aztecs built?
answers: text: destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan

question: Where does the lake still remain?
answers: text: municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico

question: Who first built the dikes in Lake Texcoco?
answers: text: The Aztecs

question: What made up Lake Texcoco?
answers: text: a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes

question: Where is the lake located in Atenco?
answers: text: Federal District
context: Originally much of the valley laid beneath the waters of Lake Texcoco, a system of interconnected salt and freshwater lakes. The Aztecs built dikes to separate the fresh water used to raise crops in chinampas and to prevent recurrent floods. These dikes were destroyed during the siege of Tenochtitlan, and during colonial times the Spanish regularly drained the lake to prevent floods. Only a small section of the original lake remains, located outside the Federal District, in the municipality of Atenco, State of Mexico.

qas: question: How bad is the ozone in Mexico City?
answers: text: 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits

question: Carbon Monoxide levels are about 3 times lower now than in what year?
answers: text: 1992

question: What city is similar to Mexico City in terms of pollution?
answers: text: Los Angeles

question: When Mexico one of the worst cities in terms of pollution? 
answers: text: 1990s

question: Who decides safe levels of o-zone in cities?
answers: text: WHO
context: By the 1990s Mexico City had become infamous as one of the world's most polluted cities; however the city has become a model for dramatically lowering pollution levels. By 2014 carbon monoxide pollution had dropped dramatically, while levels of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide were nearly three times lower than in 1992. The levels of signature pollutants in Mexico City are similar to those of Los Angeles.[citation needed] Despite the cleanup, the metropolitan area is still the most ozone-polluted part of the country, with ozone levels 2.5 times beyond WHO-defined safe limits.

qas: question: What is the bus system called in Mexico City?
answers: text: Metrobús

question: What is the bike-sharing program called in Mexico City?
answers: text: Ecobici

question: How many days a week does the city encourage people to go without a car?
answers: text: two days

question: What pollutants does the city closely monitor?
answers: text: ozone and nitrogen oxides

question: How often do citizens need to get their cars examined?
answers: text: biannual
context: To clean up pollution, the federal and local governments implemented numerous plans including the constant monitoring and reporting of environmental conditions, such as ozone and nitrogen oxides. When the levels of these two pollutants reached critical levels, contingency actions were implemented which included closing factories, changing school hours, and extending the A day without a car program to two days of the week. The government also instituted industrial technology improvements, a strict biannual vehicle emission inspection and the reformulation of gasoline and diesel fuels. The introduction of Metrobús bus rapid transit and the Ecobici bike-sharing were among efforts to encourage alternate, greener forms of transportation.

qas: question: What was the other city in the running to become capital of Mexico?
answers: text: Querétaro

question: What part of the constitution established the right to create a capital city?
answers: text: Section XXVIII of Article 50

question: When was the federal constitution signed? 
answers: text: October 4, 1824

question: What type of land is Mexico City?
answers: text: federal

question: Who is in charge of the land of Mexico City according to the original constitution?
answers: text: federal government
context: The Acta Constitutiva de la Federación of January 31, 1824, and the Federal Constitution of October 4, 1824, fixed the political and administrative organization of the United Mexican States after the Mexican War of Independence. In addition, Section XXVIII of Article 50 gave the new Congress the right to choose where the federal government would be located. This location would then be appropriated as federal land, with the federal government acting as the local authority. The two main candidates to become the capital were Mexico City and Querétaro.

qas: question: When was Mexico City declared the capital?
answers: text: November 18, 1824

question: How large was the area the federal government would proclaim to be the capital?
answers: text: two leagues square (8,800 acres)

question: Where was the state government located when Mexico City was declared the capital?
answers: text: Palace of the Inquisition

question: What is the Palace of the Inquisition known as now?
answers: text: Museum of Mexican Medicine

question: Where was the government of Mexico City moved to at the time it was declared capital of Mexico?
answers: text: Texcoco
context: Due in large part to the persuasion of representative Servando Teresa de Mier, Mexico City was chosen because it was the center of the country's population and history, even though Querétaro was closer to the center geographically. The choice was official on November 18, 1824, and Congress delineated a surface area of two leagues square (8,800 acres) centered on the Zocalo. This area was then separated from the State of Mexico, forcing that state's government to move from the Palace of the Inquisition (now Museum of Mexican Medicine) in the city to Texcoco. This area did not include the population centers of the towns of Coyoacán, Xochimilco, Mexicaltzingo and Tlalpan, all of which remained as part of the State of Mexico.

qas: question: How many smaller cities did Mexico City make up at its height?
answers: text: twenty-two

question: What is the current area of Mexico City?
answers: text: 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi)

question: How large was Mexico City at its largest?
answers: text: 1,700 km2

question: When was the boundaries of the city last adjusted? 
answers: text: 1902

question: Who increased the size of Mexico City to it's largest?
answers: text: Antonio López de Santa Anna
context: In 1854 president Antonio López de Santa Anna enlarged the area of the Federal District almost eightfold from the original 220 to 1,700 km2 (80 to 660 sq mi), annexing the rural and mountainous areas to secure the strategic mountain passes to the south and southwest to protect the city in event of a foreign invasion. (The Mexican–American War had just been fought.) The last changes to the limits of the Federal District were made between 1898 and 1902, reducing the area to the current 1,479 km2 (571 sq mi) by adjusting the southern border with the state of Morelos. By that time, the total number of municipalities within the Federal District was twenty-two.

qas: question: When were the powers of the municipalities of Mexico City first reduced?
answers: text: 1903

question: When was the autonomy of the municipalities eliminated?
answers: text: 1928

question: How many boroughs did the city consist of when they were first established? 
answers: text: 13

question: Who first reduced the power of the municipalities of Mexico City?
answers: text: Porfirio Díaz

question: Who led Mexico City?
answers: text: an appointed governor
context: While the Federal District was ruled by the federal government through an appointed governor, the municipalities within it were autonomous, and this duality of powers created tension between the municipalities and the federal government for more than a century. In 1903, Porfirio Díaz largely reduced the powers of the municipalities within the Federal District. Eventually, in December 1928, the federal government decided to abolish all the municipalities of the Federal District. In place of the municipalities, the Federal District was divided into one "Central Department" and 13 delegaciones (boroughs) administered directly by the government of the Federal District. The Central Department was integrated by the former municipalities of Mexico City, Tacuba, Tacubaya and Mixcoac.

qas: question: When was the General Anaya borough officially merged into Mexico City?
answers: text: 1941

question: How man boroughs was the borough of Mexico City split into in 1970?
answers: text: four

question: How many districts does the federal government control in 1970?
answers: text: sixteen

question: Which boroughs was the Mexico City borough split into?
answers: text: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez
context: In 1941, the General Anaya borough was merged to the Central Department, which was then renamed "Mexico City" (thus reviving the name, but not the autonomous municipality). From 1941 to 1970, the Federal District comprised twelve delegaciones and Mexico City. In 1970 Mexico City was split into four different delegaciones: Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez, increasing the number of delegaciones to sixteen. Since then, in a de facto manner, the whole Federal District, whose delegaciones had by then almost formed a single urban area, began to be considered a synonym of Mexico City.

qas: question: If Mexico City was declared a state, how many states would be in the federation?
answers: text: 32

question: What event caused the citizens to reconsider how the government of Mexico City was set up?
answers: text: the 1985 earthquake

question: What do people call the leader of Mexico City?
answers: text: Mayor

question: Who declared the "Mayor" of Mexico City?
answers: text: the president

question: What state does Mexico City belong to?
answers: text: all
context: Mexico City, being the seat of the powers of the Union, did not belong to any particular state but to all. Therefore, it was the president, representing the federation, who used to designate the head of government of the Federal District, a position which is sometimes presented outside Mexico as the "Mayor" of Mexico City.[citation needed] In the 1980s, given the dramatic increase in population of the previous decades, the inherent political inconsistencies of the system, as well as the dissatisfaction with the inadequate response of the federal government after the 1985 earthquake, residents began to request political and administrative autonomy to manage their local affairs.[citation needed] Some political groups even proposed that the Federal District be converted into the 32nd state of the federation.

qas: question: When did the Federal District receive more power? 
answers: text: 1987

question: When did citizens receive the right to elect the head of the Federal District?
answers: text: 1997

question: How is the leader of Mexico City now established?
answers: text: popular vote

question: What gave the Federal District more autonomy? 
answers: text: first Statute of Government
context: In response to the demands, in 1987 the Federal District received a greater degree of autonomy, with the elaboration the first Statute of Government (Estatuto de Gobierno), and the creation of an Assembly of Representatives.[citation needed] In the 1990s, this autonomy was further expanded and, starting from 1997, residents can directly elect the head of government of the Federal District and the representatives of a unicameral Legislative Assembly (which succeeded the previous Assembly) by popular vote.

qas: question: Who was elected to be the head of government in 2006?
answers: text: Marcelo Ebrard

question: Why did the first elected head of government of Mexico City resign?
answers: text: to run in the 2000 presidential elections

question: Who was the second head of government elected?
answers: text: Andrés Manuel López Obrador

question: Who was head of government after the first elected head of government?
answers: text: Rosario Robles

question: Who was the first woman to run Mexico City?
answers: text: Rosario Robles
context: The first elected head of government was Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas. Cárdenas resigned in 1999 to run in the 2000 presidential elections and designated Rosario Robles to succeed him, who became the first woman (elected or otherwise) to govern Mexico City. In 2000 Andrés Manuel López Obrador was elected, and resigned in 2005 to run in the 2006 presidential elections, Alejandro Encinas being designated by the Legislative Assembly to finish the term. In 2006, Marcelo Ebrard was elected for the 2006–2012 period.

qas: question: What is the local government of Mexico City called?
answers: text: The Legislative Assembly of the Federal District

question: How is the local government of Mexico City formed?
answers: text: parallel voting

question: What is the proportionality voting referred to in Mexico City?
answers: text: plurinominal deputies

question: How many representatives make up the Federal District?
answers: text: 26
context: The Legislative Assembly of the Federal District is formed, as it is the case in all legislatures in Mexico, by both single-seat and proportional seats, making it a system of parallel voting. The Federal District is divided into 40 electoral constituencies of similar population which elect one representative by first-past-the-post plurality (FPP), locally called "uninominal deputies". The Federal District as a whole constitutes a single constituency for the parallel election of 26 representatives by proportionality (PR) with open-party lists, locally called "plurinominal deputies".

qas: question: What is the maximum percentage of seats a single party can control?
answers: text: 63

question: How many seats of the uninominal elections did the PRD get in the 2006 elections?
answers: text: 34

question: Why does the government prevent more than 63% of a party to control the legislature? 
answers: text: over-representation
context: Even though proportionality is confined to the proportional seats to prevent a part from being overrepresented, several restrictions apply in the assignation of the seats; namely, that no party can have more than 63% of all seats, both uninominal and plurinominal. In the 2006 elections leftist PRD got the absolute majority in the direct uninominal elections, securing 34 of the 40 FPP seats. As such, the PRD was not assigned any plurinominal seat to comply with the law that prevents over-representation. The overall composition of the Legislative Assembly is:

qas: question: When was gay marriage legalized in Mexico City?
answers: text: December 2009

question: What political leaning does Mexico City take?
answers: text: more liberal than those of the rest of the country

question: When were the economic laws passed in Mexico City?
answers: text: 1980s

question: Compared to other cities in Latin America, how early did Mexico City legalize same sex marriage?
answers: text: first
context: The politics pursued by the administrations of heads of government in Mexico City since the second half of the 20th century have usually been more liberal than those of the rest of the country, whether with the support of the federal government—as was the case with the approval of several comprehensive environmental laws in the 1980s—or through laws recently approved by the Legislative Assembly. In April of the same year, the Legislative Assembly expanded provisions on abortions, becoming the first federal entity to expand abortion in Mexico beyond cases of rape and economic reasons, to permit it regardless of the reason should the mother request it before the twelfth week of pregnancy. In December 2009, the Federal District became the first city in Latin America, and one of very few in the world, to legalize same-sex marriage.

qas: question: How many boroughs make up Mexico City?
answers: text: 16

question: How are the heads of the boroughs elected?
answers: text: plurality

question: How were the heads of the boroughs originally established? 
answers: text: appointed by the head of government of the Federal District

question: Who provides the city services?
answers: text: Government of the Federal District

question: When did election of borough heads begin?
answers: text: 2000
context: For administrative purposes, the Federal District is divided into 16 "delegaciones" or boroughs. While not fully equivalent to a municipality, the 16 boroughs have gained significant autonomy, and since 2000 their heads of government are elected directly by plurality (they were previously appointed by the head of government of the Federal District). Given that Mexico City is organized entirely as a Federal District, most of the city services are provided or organized by the Government of the Federal District and not by the boroughs themselves, while in the constituent states these services would be provided by the municipalities. The 16 boroughs of the Federal District with their 2010 populations are:

qas: question: What is the oldest part of the city?
answers: text: The Historic Center

question: How old are the oldest buildings in Mexico City?
answers: text: 16th century

question: What used to be the main party district of Mexico City?
answers: text: Zona Rosa

question: What is the center of the LGBT community in Mexico City?
answers: text: Art Deco architecture

question: What district is known for its Art Deco Architecture? 
answers: text: Condesa
context: The boroughs are composed by hundreds of colonias or neighborhoods, which have no jurisdictional autonomy or representation. The Historic Center is the oldest part of the city (along with some other, formerly separate colonial towns such as Coyoacán and San Ángel), some of the buildings dating back to the 16th century. Other well-known central neighborhoods include Condesa, known for its Art Deco architecture and its restaurant scene; Colonia Roma, a beaux arts neighborhood and artistic and culinary hot-spot, the Zona Rosa, formerly the center of nightlife and restaurants, now reborn as the center of the LGBT and Korean-Mexican communities; and Tepito and La Lagunilla, known for their local working-class foklore and large flea markets. Santa María la Ribera and San Rafael are the latest neighborhoods of magnificent Porfiriato architecture seeing the first signs of gentrification.

qas: question: Where are many of the wealthy neighborhoods located? 
answers: text: West of the Historic Center

question: What is the Mexican name for the historic center?
answers: text: Centro Histórico

question: Which rich neighborhood has a strong problem of impoverished lands around it?
answers: text: Santa Fe

question: Where are many of the corporate headquarters and other tall buildings located?
answers: text: along Paseo de la Reforma
context: West of the Historic Center (Centro Histórico) along Paseo de la Reforma are many of the city's wealthiest neighborhoods such as Polanco, Lomas de Chapultepec, Bosques de las Lomas, Santa Fe, and (in the State of Mexico) Interlomas, which are also the city's most important areas of class A office space, corporate headquarters, skyscrapers and shopping malls. Nevertheless, areas of lower income colonias exist in some cases cheek-by-jowl with rich neighborhoods, particularly in the case of Santa Fe.

qas: question: What type of population lives in Tiahuac?
answers: text: rural

question: How is Milpa Alta constructed? 
answers: text: entirely rural

question: Where is the World Trade Center?
answers: text: Along Avenida Insurgentes

question: What is the name of one of the rich neighborhoods south of the city?
answers: text: Colonia del Valle
context: The south of the city is home to some other high-income neighborhoods such as Colonia del Valle and Jardines del Pedregal, and the formerly separate colonial towns of Coyoacán, San Ángel, and San Jerónimo. Along Avenida Insurgentes from Paseo de la Reforma, near the center, south past the World Trade Center and UNAM university towards the Periférico ring road, is another important corridor of corporate office space. The far southern boroughs of Xochimilco and Tláhuac have a significant rural population with Milpa Alta being entirely rural.

qas: question: Where is much of the industry now located?
answers: text: nearby municipalities in the State of Mexico

question: What is Ciudad Satelite?
answers: text: a vast middle to upper-middle-class residential and business area.

question: Where is Gustavo A. Madero?
answers: text: North of the Historic Center
context: North of the Historic Center, Azcapotzalco and Gustavo A. Madero have important industrial centers and neighborhoods that range from established middle-class colonias such as Claveria and Lindavista to huge low-income housing areas that share hillsides with adjacent municipalities in the State of Mexico. In recent years much of northern Mexico City's industry has moved to nearby municipalities in the State of Mexico. Northwest of Mexico City itself is Ciudad Satélite, a vast middle to upper-middle-class residential and business area.

qas: question: How many boroughs had very high HDI scores in 2005?
answers: text: three

question: How many boroughs had high (not very high) HDI scores?
answers: text: 12

question: Which borough had the highest HDI score?
answers: text: Benito Juárez

question: What borough was the second highest HDI score?
answers: text: Miguel Hidalgo

question: What year was the report that said 3 boroughs had very high HDI scores?
answers: text: 2005
context: The Human Development Index report of 2005  shows that there were three boroughs with a very high Human Development Index, 12 with a high HDI value (9 above .85) and one with a medium HDI value (almost high). Benito Juárez borough had the highest HDI of the country (.9510) followed by Miguel Hidalgo which came up 4th nationally with a HDI of (.9189) and Coyoacán (5th nationally) with a HDI value of (.9169). Cuajimalpa, Cuauhtémoc and Azcapotzalco had very high values; respectively .8994 (15th nationally),.8922 (23rd) and .8915 (25th).

qas: question: What borough had the lowest HDI score in the federal district?
answers: text: Iztapalapa

question: Which borough had the lowest HDI score?
answers: text: Milpa Alta

question: What rank was Milpa Alta nationally in terms of HDI score?
answers: text: 627th

question: All boroughs except for Milpa Alta were in what ranking of HDI score?
answers: text: top 200

question: What score did Milpa Alta get on the HDI test?
answers: text: .7984
context: In contrast, the boroughs of Xochimilco (172th), Tláhuac (177th) and Iztapalapa (183th) presented the lowest HDI values of the Federal District with values of .8481, .8473 and .8464 respectively—values still in the global high-HDI range. The only borough that did not present a high HDI was that of rural Milpa Alta which presented a "medium" HDI of .7984, far below all other boroughs (627th nationally while the rest stood in the top 200). Mexico City's HDI for the 2005 report was of .9012 (very high), and its 2010 value of .9225 (very high) or (by newer methodology) .8307, and Mexico's highest.

qas: question: How large is the budget of the IMSS?
answers: text: over 6 billion pesos

question: What is the name of one of the great hospitals in Mexico City?
answers: text: Hospital Ángeles

question: What is an organization that has a large presence in the city?
answers: text: National Health Ministry (SSA)

question: What is the name of a large facility run by the IMSS in Mexico City?
answers: text: National Medical Center
context: Mexico City is home to some of the best private hospitals in the country; Hospital Ángeles, Hospital ABC and Médica Sur to name a few. The national public healthcare institution for private-sector employees, IMSS, has its largest facilities in Mexico City—including the National Medical Center and the La Raza Medical Center—and has an annual budget of over 6 billion pesos. The IMSS and other public health institutions, including the ISSSTE (Public Sector Employees' Social Security Institute) and the National Health Ministry (SSA) maintain large specialty facilities in the city. These include the National Institutes of Cardiology, Nutrition, Psychiatry, Oncology, Pediatrics, Rehabilitation, among others.

qas: question: What do new cars in Mexico need to have?
answers: text: catalytic converter

question: When did the underground rail system begin construction?
answers: text: 1968

question: How many people ride the Mexico city subway system each day?
answers: text: 5 million people

question: How many days of the year in 1991 was the air pollution a serious health risk?
answers: text: 355

question: What is one way the government helps with the "Crush" of the rush hour riding of the subway system?
answers: text: reserved a special carriage specifically for women
context: The World Bank has sponsored a project to curb air pollution through public transport improvements and the Mexican government has started shutting down polluting factories. They have phased out diesel buses and mandated new emission controls on new cars; since 1993 all new cars must be fitted with a catalytic converter, which reduces the emissions released. Trucks must use only liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Also construction of an underground rail system was begun in 1968 in order to help curb air pollution problems and alleviate traffic congestion. Today it has over 201 km (125 mi) of track and carries over 5 million people every day. Fees are kept low to encourage use of the system and during rush hours the crush is so great, that authorities have reserved a special carriage specifically for women. Due to these initiatives and others, the air quality in Mexico City has begun to improve, with the air becoming cleaner since 1991, when the air quality was declared to be a public health risk for 355 days of the year.[citation needed]

qas: question: What percentage of the National GDP does the Federal District produce?
answers: text: 15.8

question: What is the GDP of Mexico City?
answers: text: $390 billion

question: What ranking in terms of GDP is Mexico City globally?
answers: text: eighth

question: What percentage of service sector national GDP does Mexico City account for?
answers: text: 25.3

question: By what year will the Mexico City GDP double by, according to research?
answers: text: 2020
context: Mexico City is one of the most important economic hubs in Latin America. The city proper (Federal District) produces 15.8% of the country's gross domestic product. According to a study conducted by PwC, Mexico City had a GDP of $390 billion, ranking it as the eighth richest city in the world after the greater metropolitan areas of Tokyo, New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Paris, London and Osaka/Kobe (and the richest in the whole of Latin America). Excluding the rest of the Mexican economy, Mexico City alone would rank as the 30th largest economy in the world. Mexico City is the greatest contributor to the country's industrial GDP (15.8%) and also the greatest contributor to the country's GDP in the service sector (25.3%). Due to the limited non-urbanized space at the south—most of which is protected through environmental laws—the contribution of the Federal District in agriculture is the smallest of all federal entities in the country. Mexico City has one of the world's fastest-growing economies and its GDP is set to double by 2020.

qas: question: Who privatized the airlines of Mexico?
answers: text: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari

question: Who signed NAFTA for Mexico?
answers: text: President Carlos Salinas de Gortari

question: What did NAFTA do to the businesses in Mexico City?
answers: text: led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufacturing to services

question: Where did the factories of Mexico City move to most commonly?
answers: text: northern border
context: The economic reforms of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari had a tremendous effect on the city, as a number of businesses, including banks and airlines, were privatized. He also signed the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). This led to decentralization and a shift in Mexico City's economic base, from manufacturing to services, as most factories moved away to either the State of Mexico, or more commonly to the northern border. By contrast, corporate office buildings set their base in the city.

qas: question: in 1921, what percent of Mexico City's population Mestizo?
answers: text: 54.78

question: How many people lived in Mexico City in 1921?
answers: text: less than one million

question: What percentage of Mexico City's population was indigenous in 1921?
answers: text: 18.74
context: Historically, and since pre-Hispanic times, the Valley of Anahuac has been one of the most densely populated areas in Mexico. When the Federal District was created in 1824, the urban area of Mexico City extended approximately to the area of today's Cuauhtémoc borough. At the beginning of the 20th century, the elites began migrating to the south and west and soon the small towns of Mixcoac and San Ángel were incorporated by the growing conurbation. According to the 1921 census, 54.78% of the city's population was considered Mestizo (Indigenous mixed with European), 22.79% considered European, and 18.74% considered Indigenous. This was the last Mexican Census which asked people to self-identify themselves with an heritage other than Amerindian. However, the census had the particularity that, unlike racial/ethnic census in other countries, it was focused in the perception of cultural heritage rather than in a racial perception, leading to a good number of white people to identify with "Mixed heritage" due cultural influence. In 1921, Mexico City had less than one million inhabitants.

qas: question: How many people live in the Federal District? 
answers: text: 8.7 million

question: What is the overall population of Mexico City in 2008?
answers: text: 19.8 million

question: What was the migration rate of Mexico City from 95-2000?
answers: text: negative

question: Compared to other cities in Mexico, Mexico City's growth is?
answers: text: much lower
context: Up to the 1990s, the Federal District was the most populous federal entity in Mexico, but since then its population has remained stable at around 8.7 million. The growth of the city has extended beyond the limits of the Federal District to 59 municipalities of the state of Mexico and 1 in the state of Hidalgo. With a population of approximately 19.8 million inhabitants (2008), it is one of the most populous conurbations in the world. Nonetheless, the annual rate of growth of the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City is much lower than that of other large urban agglomerations in Mexico, a phenomenon most likely attributable to the environmental policy of decentralization. The net migration rate of the Federal District from 1995 to 2000 was negative.

qas: question: What countries do most of the South American immigrants come from?
answers: text: Argentina and Colombia

question: Where do most of the Asian immigrants come from?
answers: text: China and South Korea

question: When did Filipinos start migrating to Mexico City?
answers: text: since the era of New Spain
context: On the other hand, Mexico City is also home to large communities of expatriates and immigrants, most notably from the rest of North America (U.S. and Canada), from South America (mainly from Argentina and Colombia, but also from Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela), from Central America and the Caribbean (mainly from Cuba, Guatemala, El Salvador, Haiti and Honduras); from Europe (mainly from Spain, Germany and Switzerland, but also from Czech Republic, Hungary, France, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland and Romania), from the Middle East (mainly from Egypt, Lebanon and Syria); and recently from Asia-Pacific (mainly from China and South Korea). Historically since the era of New Spain, many Filipinos settled in the city and have become integrated in Mexican society. While no official figures have been reported, population estimates of each of these communities are quite significant.

qas: question: Who designated the floating gardens as a World Heritage site?
answers: text: UNESCO

question: The Historic Center and the floating gardens are both examples of what?
answers: text: World Heritage Sites

question: When was the Templo Mayor found?
answers: text: 1978

question: How was Templo Mayor discovered? 
answers: text: workers were digging to place underground electric cables
context: The Historic center of Mexico City (Centro Histórico) and the "floating gardens" of Xochimilco in the southern borough have been declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO. Famous landmarks in the Historic Center include the Plaza de la Constitución (Zócalo), the main central square with its epoch-contrasting Spanish-era Metropolitan Cathedral and National Palace, ancient Aztec temple ruins Templo Mayor ("Major Temple") and modern structures, all within a few steps of one another. (The Templo Mayor was discovered in 1978 while workers were digging to place underground electric cables).

qas: question: What is the most popular icon of Mexico City?
answers: text: golden Angel of Independence

question: Who made the Angel of Independence?
answers: text: the order of the Emperor Maximilian

question: The angel of independence is over the roadway that connects what?
answers: text: National Palace (seat of government) with the Castle of Chapultepec

question: How long is the longest avenue in Mexico City?
answers: text: 28.8 km (17.9 mi)

question: What is the name of the longest avenue in Mexico City?
answers: text: Avenida de los Insurgentes
context: The most recognizable icon of Mexico City is the golden Angel of Independence on the wide, elegant avenue Paseo de la Reforma, modeled by the order of the Emperor Maximilian of Mexico after the Champs-Élysées in Paris. This avenue was designed over the Americas' oldest known major roadway in the 19th century to connect the National Palace (seat of government) with the Castle of Chapultepec, the imperial residence. Today, this avenue is an important financial district in which the Mexican Stock Exchange and several corporate headquarters are located. Another important avenue is the Avenida de los Insurgentes, which extends 28.8 km (17.9 mi) and is one of the longest single avenues in the world.

qas: question: Chapultepec Castle is located where?
answers: text: Chapultepec Park

question: Where is the National Museum of Anthropology located?
answers: text: Chapultepec Park

question: When did construction of the Fine Arts Palace end?
answers: text: 1934

question: What is the name of the tour bus that shows off the monuments of Mexico City?
answers: text: Turibus

question: Why did the construction of the Fine Arts Palace take so long?
answers: text: interrupted by the Mexican Revolution
context: Chapultepec Park houses the Chapultepec Castle, now a museum on a hill that overlooks the park and its numerous museums, monuments and the national zoo and the National Museum of Anthropology (which houses the Aztec Calendar Stone). Another piece of architecture is the Fine Arts Palace, a white marble theatre/museum whose weight is such that it has gradually been sinking into the soft ground below. Its construction began during the presidency of Porfirio Díaz and ended in 1934, after being interrupted by the Mexican Revolution in the 1920s. The Plaza of the Three Cultures in the Tlatelolco neighbourhood, and the shrine and Basilicas of Our Lady of Guadalupe are also important sites. There is a double-decker bus, known as the "Turibus", that circles most of these sites, and has timed audio describing the sites in multiple languages as they are passed.

qas: question: How many museums are in Mexico City?
answers: text: about 160

question: How many art galleries are in Mexico City?
answers: text: over 100

question: How many concert halls are in Mexico City?
answers: text: 30

question: Who has painted murals all over the city?
answers: text: Diego Rivera

question: Where is the house that Leon Trotsky was murdered?
answers: text: Coyoacán
context: In addition, the city has about 160 museums—the world's greatest single metropolitan concentration —over 100 art galleries, and some 30 concert halls, all of which maintain a constant cultural activity during the whole year. It has either the third or fourth-highest number of theatres in the world after New York, London and perhaps Toronto. Many areas (e.g. Palacio Nacional and the National Institute of Cardiology) have murals painted by Diego Rivera. He and his wife Frida Kahlo lived in Coyoacán, where several of their homes, studios, and art collections are open to the public. The house where Leon Trotsky was initially granted asylum and finally murdered in 1940 is also in Coyoacán.

qas: question: How large is the metro system of Mexico City?
answers: text: 225.9 km (140 mi)

question: When was the Mexico City metro system first opened?
answers: text: 1969

question: How many lines are in the metro system?
answers: text: 12

question: How many people ride the metro system each day?
answers: text: 4.5 million

question: How many stations are in the Mexico City metro system?
answers: text: 195
context: Mexico City is served by the Sistema de Transporte Colectivo, a 225.9 km (140 mi) metro system, which is the largest in Latin America. The first portions were opened in 1969 and it has expanded to 12 lines with 195 stations. The metro is one of the busiest in the world transporting approximately 4.5 million people every day, surpassed only by subway lines in Moscow (7.5 million), Tokyo (5.9 million), and New York City (5.1 million). It is heavily subsidized, and has some of the lowest fares in the world, each trip costing 5.00 pesos from 05:00 am to midnight. Several stations display pre-Columbian artifacts and architecture that were discovered during the metro's construction.[citation needed] However, the metro covers less than half of the total urban area. The Metro stations are also differentiated by the use of icons and glyphs which were proposed for people who could not read. The specific icons were developed based on historical (characters, sites, pre-Hispanic motifs), linguistic, symbolic (glyphs) or location references and has being emulated in further transportations alternatives in the City and in other Mexican cities. Mexico City is the only city in the world to use the icon reference and has become a popular culture trademark for the city.

qas: question: What is the name of the city's fast bus line?
answers: text: Metrobús

question: When did Metrobus begin services?
answers: text: June 2005

question: When did the second line of Metrobus open?
answers: text: December 2008

question: How many people ride the Metrobus every day?
answers: text: 850,000

question: April 2012 was the year which Metrobus line opened?
answers: text: line 4
context: The city's first bus rapid transit line, the Metrobús, began operation in June 2005, along Avenida Insurgentes. Line 2 opened in December 2008, serving Eje 4 Sur, line 3 opened in February 2011, serving Eje 1 Poniente, and line 4 opened in April 2012 connecting the airport with San Lázaro and Buenavista Station at Insurgentes. As the microbuses were removed from its route, it was hoped that the Metrobús could reduce pollution and decrease transit time for passengers. In June 2013, Mexico City's mayor announced two more lines to come: Line 5 serving Eje 3 Oriente and Line 6 serving Eje 5 Norte. As of June 2013, 367 Metrobús buses transported 850,000 passengers daily.

qas: question: What are the one-way roads in Mexico city called?
answers: text: ejes viales

question: What is different about the second level roads?
answers: text: tolls are charged

question: When were these second level roads opened?
answers: text: 2012

question: What main road leads to the airport?
answers: text: The Viaducto Miguel Alemán

question: What connects Santa Fe and the southwestern part of the city?
answers: text: the Supervía Poniente
context: In the late 1970s many arterial roads were redesigned as ejes viales; high-volume one-way roads that cross, in theory, Mexico City proper from side to side. The eje vial network is based on a quasi-Cartesian grid, with the ejes themselves being called Eje 1 Poniente, Eje Central, and Eje 1 Oriente, for example, for the north-south roads, and Eje 2 Sur and Eje 3 Norte, for example, for east-west roads. Ring roads are the Circuito Interior (inner ring), Anillo Periférico; the Circuito Exterior Mexiquense ("State of Mexico outer loop") toll road skirting the northeastern and eastern edges of the metropolitan area, the Chamapa-La Venta toll road skirting the northwestern edge, and the Arco Norte completely bypassing the metropolitan area in an arc from northwest (Atlacomulco) to north (Tula, Hidalgo) to east (Puebla). A second level (where tolls are charged) of the Periférico, colloquially called the segundo piso ("second floor"), was officially opened in 2012, with sections still being completed. The Viaducto Miguel Alemán crosses the city east-west from Observatorio to the airport. In 2013 the Supervía Poniente opened, a toll road linking the new Santa Fe business district with southwestern Mexico City.

qas: question: How do people know which days to not drive their car?
answers: text: ending digit of their license plates

question: How many cars were still restricted in 2003?
answers: text: 40%

question: When were new emisson standards enacted?
answers: text: 2006

question: How can cars get exempt from the restrictions?
answers: text: pass regular emissions tests
context: There is an environmental program, called Hoy No Circula ("Today Does Not Run", or "One Day without a Car"), whereby vehicles that have not passed emissions testing are restricted from circulating on certain days according to the ending digit of their license plates; this in an attempt to cut down on pollution and traffic congestion. While in 2003, the program still restricted 40% of vehicles in the metropolitan area, with the adoption of stricter emissions standards in 2001 and 2006, in practice, these days most vehicles are exempt from the circulation restrictions as long as they pass regular emissions tests.

qas: question: What is the name of the parking meter system in Mexico City?
answers: text: ecoParq

question: Who operates the parking meters?
answers: text: Operadora de Estacionamientos Bicentenario

question: How much money a month do the parking meters bring in?
answers: text: 16 million-peso

question: What are the hours of Mexico City Parking meters?
answers: text: 8 AM to 8 PM

question: How many parking meters were installed as of October 2013?
answers: text: 721
context: Street parking in urban neighborhoods is mostly controlled by the franeleros a.k.a. "viene vienes" (lit. "come on, come on"), who ask drivers for a fee to park, in theory to guard the car, but with the implicit threat that the franelero will damage the car if the fee is not paid. Double parking is common (with franeleros moving the cars as required), impeding on the available lanes for traffic to pass. In order to mitigate that and other problems and to raise revenue, 721 parking meters (as of October 2013), have been installed in the west-central neighborhoods Lomas de Chapultepec, Condesa, Roma, Polanco and Anzures, in operation from 8 AM to 8 PM on weekdays and charging a rate of 2 pesos per 15 minutes, with offenders' cars booted, costing about 500 pesos to remove. 30 percent of the monthly 16 million-peso (as of October 2013) income from the parking-meter system (named "ecoParq") is earmarked for neighborhood improvements. The granting of the license for all zones exclusively to a new company without experience in operating parking meters, Operadora de Estacionamientos Bicentenario, has generated controversy.

qas: question: What is the name of the city's bike sharing system?
answers: text: EcoBici

question: When did the bike sharing system of the city begin?
answers: text: 2010

question: How many bikes are involved in the bike share system?
answers: text: 4,000

question: What do they call the bike paths in Mexico City?
answers: text: Ciclovías

question: What country is the inspiration for Mexico City's new programs?
answers: text: Denmark
context: The local government continuously strives for a reduction of massive traffic congestion, and has increased incentives for making a bicycle-friendly city. This includes North America's second-largest bicycle sharing system, EcoBici, launched in 2010, in which registered residents can get bicycles for 45 minutes with a pre-paid subscription of 300 pesos a year. There are, as of September 2013, 276 stations with 4,000 bicycles across an area stretching from the Historic center to Polanco. within 300 metres (980 feet) of one another and are fully automatic using a transponder based card. Bicycle-service users have access to several permanent Ciclovías (dedicated bike paths/lanes/streets), including ones along Paseo de la Reforma and Avenida Chapultepec as well as one running 59 kilometres (37 miles) from Polanco to Fierro del Toro, which is located south of Cumbres del Ajusco National Park, near the Morelos state line. The city's initiative is inspired by forward thinking examples, such as Denmark's Copenhagenization.

qas: question: What is the name of the major airport in Mexico City?
answers: text: Mexico City International Airport

question: What is the short hand code for Mexico City's largest airport?
answers: text: MEX

question: About how many passengers come through the Mexico City International Airport each year?
answers: text: 34 million

question: What is the name of the smaller airport near Mexico City?
answers: text: Adolfo López Mateos International Airport

question: How many passengers come through Adolfo Lopez Mateos International Airport?
answers: text: 700,000
context: Mexico City is served by Mexico City International Airport (IATA Airport Code: MEX). This airport is Latin America's second busiest and one of the largests in traffic, with daily flights to United States and Canada, mainland Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Europe and Asia. Aeroméxico (Skyteam) is based at this airport, and provide codeshare agreements with non-Mexican airlines that span the entire globe. In 2014, the airport handled well over 34 million passengers, just over 2 million more than the year before. This traffic exceeds the current capacity of the airport, which has historically centralized the majority of air traffic in the country. An alternate option is Lic. Adolfo López Mateos International Airport (IATA Airport Code: TLC) in nearby Toluca, State of Mexico, although due to several airlines' decisions to terminate service to TLC, the airport has seen a passenger drop to just over 700,000 passengers in 2014 from over 2.1 million passengers just four years prior.

qas: question: When did the second terminal open at the Mexico City Airport?
answers: text: 2007

question: How many national airlines are there in Mexico?
answers: text: 21

question: How many of the main Mexican airlines are based in Mexico City?
answers: text: 11

question: What is the new city that will be added to the group of Mexican Airports around Mexico City?
answers: text: Pachuca
context: In the Mexico City airport, the government engaged in an extensive restructuring program that includes the addition of a new second terminal, which began operations in 2007, and the enlargement of four other airports (at the nearby cities of Toluca, Querétaro, Puebla and Cuernavaca) that, along with Mexico City's airport, comprise the Grupo Aeroportuario del Valle de México, distributing traffic to different regions in Mexico. The city of Pachuca will also provide additional expansion to central Mexico's airport network. Mexico City's airport is the main hub for 11 of the 21 national airline companies.

qas: question: When were the new plans of the airport revealed?
answers: text: September 2, 2014

question: When are the new plans supposed to come to fruition for the airport?
answers: text: 2018

question: How many runways will be in the new airport?
answers: text: six

question: How many passengers will the new airport be able to handle?
answers: text: 120 million

question: How much does the new airport cost?
answers: text: $9.15 billion
context: During his annual state-of-the-nation address on September 2, 2014, President of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto unveiled plans for a new international airport to ease the city's notorious air traffic congestion, tentatively slated for a 2018 opening. The new airport, which would have six runways, will cost $9.15 billion and would be built on vacant federal land east of Mexico City International Airport. Goals are to eventually handle 120 million passengers a year, which would make it the busiest airport in the world.

qas: question: When did Mexico City lost most of its artifacts? 
answers: text: Conquest of Mexico

question: When did the complex art of Mexico City begin?
answers: text: pre-Classical period

question: What holds most of the old art of the Mexico city region?
answers: text: National Museum of Anthropology and the Templo Mayor museum

question: What are the main artifacts that have survived? 
answers: text: pottery and stone-engraving
context: Having been capital of a vast pre-Hispanic empire, and also the capital of richest viceroyalty within the Spanish Empire (ruling over a vast territory in the Americas and Spanish West Indies), and, finally, the capital of the United Mexican States, Mexico City has a rich history of artistic expression. Since the mesoamerican pre-Classical period the inhabitants of the settlements around Lake Texcoco produced many works of art and complex craftsmanship, some of which are today displayed at the world-renowned National Museum of Anthropology and the Templo Mayor museum. While many pieces of pottery and stone-engraving have survived, the great majority of the Amerindian iconography was destroyed during the Conquest of Mexico.

qas: question: What comprised most of the early art of Mexico City?
answers: text: codices

question: Most of the art since the Aztecs took what style? 
answers: text: religious

question: Whose art is displayed at the large cathedral in Mexico City?
answers: text: Juan de Rojas

question: "The Little Horse" is also known as what?
answers: text: equestrian sculpture of Charles IV of Spain

question: Who created "The Little Horse?"
answers: text: Manuel Tolsá
context: Much of the early colonial art stemmed from the codices (Aztec illustrated books), aiming to recover and preserve some Aztec and other Amerindian iconography and history. From then, artistic expressions in Mexico were mostly religious in theme. The Metropolitan Cathedral still displays works by Juan de Rojas, Juan Correa and an oil painting whose authorship has been attributed to Murillo. Secular works of art of this period include the equestrian sculpture of Charles IV of Spain, locally known as El Caballito ("The little horse"). This piece, in bronze, was the work of Manuel Tolsá and it has been placed at the Plaza Tolsá, in front of the Palacio de Minería (Mining Palace). Directly in front of this building is the beautiful Museo Nacional de Arte (Munal) (the National Museum of Art).

qas: question: What is the large art school in Mexico City?
answers: text: Academia de San Carlos

question: Where does most of the artwork produced as the Academia de San Carlos get featured? 
answers: text: Museo Nacional de San Carlos

question: Who is one of the most famous people to graduate from the large art school of Mexico City?
answers: text: José María Velasco

question: The San Carlos Museum has art from who, among others?
answers: text: Rembrandt, Velázquez, Murillo, and Rubens
context: During the 19th century, an important producer of art was the Academia de San Carlos (San Carlos Art Academy), founded during colonial times, and which later became the Escuela Nacional de Artes Plásticas (the National School of Arts) including painting, sculpture and graphic design, one of UNAM's art schools. Many of the works produced by the students and faculty of that time are now displayed in the Museo Nacional de San Carlos (National Museum of San Carlos). One of the students, José María Velasco, is considered one of the greatest Mexican landscape painters of the 19th century. Porfirio Díaz's regime sponsored arts, especially those that followed the French school. Popular arts in the form of cartoons and illustrations flourished, e.g. those of José Guadalupe Posada and Manuel Manilla. The permanent collection of the San Carlos Museum also includes paintings by European masters such as Rembrandt, Velázquez, Murillo, and Rubens.

qas: question: Who was a big proponent of modernism in art?
answers: text: José Luis Cuevas

question: When did artists start to immigrate to Mexico City?
answers: text: 20th century

question: Who was a famous engraver that migrated to Mexico City?
answers: text: Leopoldo Méndez

question: What was the Popular Graphics Workshop mission?
answers: text: help blue-collar workers find a venue to express their art

question: What nationality was Remedios Varas?
answers: text: Catalan
context: During the 20th century, many artists immigrated to Mexico City from different regions of Mexico, such as Leopoldo Méndez, an engraver from Veracruz, who supported the creation of the socialist Taller de la Gráfica Popular (Popular Graphics Workshop), designed to help blue-collar workers find a venue to express their art. Other painters came from abroad, such as Catalan painter Remedios Varo and other Spanish and Jewish exiles. It was in the second half of the 20th century that the artistic movement began to drift apart from the Revolutionary theme. José Luis Cuevas opted for a modernist style in contrast to the muralist movement associated with social politics.

qas: question: When was the Museo Tamayo opened?
answers: text: mid-1980s

question: Who's art collection was the reason the Museo Tamayo opened?
answers: text: Rufino Tamayo

question: Where was Rufino Tamayo born?
answers: text: Oaxaca

question: What type of art is shown in The Museo Carrillo Gil?
answers: text: avant-garde

question: What famous art building was opened in late 2008?
answers: text: University Museum/Contemporary Art
context: Mexico City has numerous museums dedicated to art, including Mexican colonial, modern and contemporary art, and international art. The Museo Tamayo was opened in the mid-1980s to house the collection of international contemporary art donated by famed Mexican (born in the state of Oaxaca) painter Rufino Tamayo. The collection includes pieces by Picasso, Klee, Kandinsky, Warhol and many others, though most of the collection is stored while visiting exhibits are shown. The Museo de Arte Moderno (Museum of Modern Art) is a repository of Mexican artists from the 20th century, including Rivera, Orozco, Siqueiros, Kahlo, Gerzso, Carrington, Tamayo, among others, and also regularly hosts temporary exhibits of international modern art. In southern Mexico City, the Museo Carrillo Gil (Carrillo Gil Museum) showcases avant-garde artists, as does the University Museum/Contemporary Art (Museo Universitario Arte Contemporáneo – or MUAC), designed by famed Mexican architect Teodoro González de León, inaugurated in late 2008.

qas: question: Who is the Museo Soumaya named after?
answers: text: the wife of Mexican magnate Carlos Slim

question: What city houses the only collection of Rodin sculptures that is larger than the one in Mexico City?
answers: text: Paris

question: What other famous sculpture has had his art displayed at the Museo Soumaya?
answers: text: Dalí

question: When did the new design of the museum open?
answers: text: 2011

question: How many years worth of art does the Museum in the historic center hold?
answers: text: 400
context: The Museo Soumaya, named after the wife of Mexican magnate Carlos Slim, has the largest private collection of original Rodin sculptures outside Paris. It also has a large collection of Dalí sculptures, and recently began showing pieces in its masters collection including El Greco, Velázquez, Picasso and Canaletto. The museum inaugurated a new futuristic-design facility in 2011 just north of Polanco, while maintaining a smaller facility in Plaza Loreto in southern Mexico City. The Colección Júmex is a contemporary art museum located on the sprawling grounds of the Jumex juice company in the northern industrial suburb of Ecatepec. It is said to have the largest private contemporary art collection in Latin America and hosts pieces from its permanent collection as well as traveling exhibits by leading contemporary artists. The new Museo Júmex in Nuevo Polanco was slated to open in November 2013. The Museo de San Ildefonso, housed in the Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso in Mexico City's historic downtown district is a 17th-century colonnaded palace housing an art museum that regularly hosts world-class exhibits of Mexican and international art. Recent exhibits have included those on David LaChapelle, Antony Gormley and Ron Mueck. The National Museum of Art (Museo Nacional de Arte) is also located in a former palace in the historic center. It houses a large collection of pieces by all major Mexican artists of the last 400 years and also hosts visiting exhibits.

qas: question: When did the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance open?
answers: text: 2011

question: What main event inspired the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance?
answers: text: Holocaust

question: The exhibit inaugurated by the Dalai Lama opened when?
answers: text: September 2011

question: What is the main subject of the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance?
answers: text: discrimination and genocide
context: Another major addition to the city's museum scene is the Museum of Remembrance and Tolerance (Museo de la Memoria y Tolerancia), inaugurated in early 2011. The brainchild of two young Mexican women as a Holocaust museum, the idea morphed into a unique museum dedicated to showcasing all major historical events of discrimination and genocide. Permanent exhibits include those on the Holocaust and other large-scale atrocities. It also houses temporary exhibits; one on Tibet was inaugurated by the Dalai Lama in September 2011.

qas: question: Where does the Mexico City Philharmonic perform?
answers: text: Sala Ollin Yoliztli

question: When was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere opened?
answers: text: 1976

question: What is the name of one of the main orchestras of Mexico City?
answers: text: National Symphony Orchestra

question: The Palace of Fine Arts hosts what main symphony? 
answers: text: National Symphony Orchestra

question: What does OFUNAM stand for?
answers: text: Philharmonic Orchestra of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
context: Mexico City is home to a number of orchestras offering season programs. These include the Mexico City Philharmonic, which performs at the Sala Ollin Yoliztli; the National Symphony Orchestra, whose home base is the Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of the Fine Arts), a masterpiece of art nouveau and art decó styles; the Philharmonic Orchestra of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (OFUNAM), and the Minería Symphony Orchestra, both of which perform at the Sala Nezahualcóyotl, which was the first wrap-around concert hall in the Western Hemisphere when inaugurated in 1976. There are also many smaller ensembles that enrich the city's musical scene, including the Carlos Chávez Youth Symphony, the New World Orchestra (Orquesta del Nuevo Mundo), the National Polytechnical Symphony and the Bellas Artes Chamber Orchestra (Orquesta de Cámara de Bellas Artes).

qas: question: How many people does the National Auditorium hold?
answers: text: 10,000

question: What main languages are supported by shows at the National Auditorium?
answers: text: Spanish and English

question: What year was the National Auditorium voted best in the world?
answers: text: 2007

question: How can you see the Grand Opera of New York in Mexico City?
answers: text: giant, high definition screens
context: The city is also a leading center of popular culture and music. There are a multitude of venues hosting Spanish and foreign-language performers. These include the 10,000-seat National Auditorium that regularly schedules the Spanish and English-language pop and rock artists, as well as many of the world's leading performing arts ensembles, the auditorium also broadcasts Grand Opera performances from New York's Metropolitan Opera on giant, high definition screens. In 2007 National Auditorium was selected world's best venue by multiple genre media.

qas: question: How many sets are in the Teatro Metropolitan?
answers: text: 3,000

question: The Foro Sol Stadium hols how many people?
answers: text: 50,000

question: Where does Cirque du Soleil go in Mexico City?
answers: text: Carpa Santa Fe

question: The Pepsi Center World Trade Center holds how many people?
answers: text: 3,000
context: Other popular sites for pop-artist performances include the 3,000-seat Teatro Metropolitan, the 15,000-seat Palacio de los Deportes, and the larger 50,000-seat Foro Sol Stadium, where popular international artists perform on a regular basis. The Cirque du Soleil has held several seasons at the Carpa Santa Fe, in the Santa Fe district in the western part of the city. There are numerous venues for smaller musical ensembles and solo performers. These include the Hard Rock Live, Bataclán, Foro Scotiabank, Lunario, Circo Volador and Voilá Acoustique. Recent additions include the 20,000-seat Arena Ciudad de México, the 3,000-seat Pepsi Center World Trade Center, and the 2,500-seat Auditorio Blackberry.

qas: question: Where is the Centro Cultural Universitario?
answers: text: UNAM's main campus

question: The CCU holds, in addition to a music theater, what?
answers: text: National Library

question: The former Ministry of Foreign Affairs had a cultural center opened in what year?
answers: text: 2007

question: What is the name of the CCU center opened in 2007?
answers: text: Tlatelolco

question: Where is Tlatelolco located?
answers: text: north-central Mexico City
context: The Centro Nacional de las Artes (National Center for the Arts has several venues for music, theatre, dance. UNAM's main campus, also in the southern part of the city, is home to the Centro Cultural Universitario (the University Culture Center) (CCU). The CCU also houses the National Library, the interactive Universum, Museo de las Ciencias, the Sala Nezahualcóyotl concert hall, several theatres and cinemas, and the new University Museum of Contemporary Art (MUAC). A branch of the National University's CCU cultural center was inaugurated in 2007 in the facilities of the former Ministry of Foreign Affairs, known as Tlatelolco, in north-central Mexico City.

qas: question: What makes the Papalote children's museum so famous?
answers: text: world's largest dome screen

question: Where is the Papalote Children's Museum located?
answers: text: wooded park of Chapultepec

question: What is the largest amusement park in Latin America?
answers: text: Six Flags México

question: What borough is Six Flags Mexico located?
answers: text: Tlalpan

question: What city has the largest outdoor ice skating rink in the world?
answers: text: Moscow
context: The Papalote children's museum, which houses the world's largest dome screen, is located in the wooded park of Chapultepec, near the Museo Tecnológico, and La Feria amusement park. The theme park Six Flags México (the largest amusement park in Latin America) is located in the Ajusco neighborhood, in Tlalpan borough, southern Mexico City. During the winter, the main square of the Zócalo is transformed into a gigantic ice skating rink, which is said to be the largest in the world behind that of Moscow's Red Square.

qas: question: Where is the Mexican Film Library located?
answers: text: near the Coyoacán suburb

question: What large movie festival is hosted at the Mexican Film Library?
answers: text: International Showcase

question: What are the two large movie companies in Mexico?
answers: text: Cinépolis and Cinemex

question: What type of theaters does Mexico City have the most of compared to other cities?
answers: text: IMAX
context: The Cineteca Nacional (the Mexican Film Library), near the Coyoacán suburb, shows a variety of films, and stages many film festivals, including the annual International Showcase, and many smaller ones ranging from Scandinavian and Uruguayan cinema, to Jewish and LGBT-themed films. Cinépolis and Cinemex, the two biggest film business chains, also have several film festivals throughout the year, with both national and international movies. Mexico City tops the world in number of IMAX theatres,[citation needed] providing residents and visitors access to films ranging from documentaries to popular blockbusters on these especially large, dramatic screens.

qas: question: How many states does Mexico have?
answers: text: 31

question: What are some international cuisines offered in Mexico City?
answers: text: Canadian, French, Italian,

question: What other specific types of food does the city offer?
answers: text: kosher, vegetarian and vegan
context: Mexico City offers a variety of cuisines. Restaurants specializing in the regional cuisines of Mexico's 31 states are available in the city. Also available are an array of international cuisines, including Canadian, French, Italian, Croatian, Spanish (including many regional variations), Jewish, Lebanese, Chinese (again with regional variations), Indian, Japanese, Korean, Thai, Vietnamese; and of course fellow Latin American cuisines such as Argentine, Brazilian, and Peruvian. Haute, fusion, kosher, vegetarian and vegan cuisines are also available, as are restaurants solely based on the concepts of local food and slow Food.

qas: question: What opera legend also has a famous restaurant in Mexico City?
answers: text: Plácido Domingo

question: What famous Italian Restaurant also has a branch in Mexico City?
answers: text: Alfredo

question: What is one of the famous Lima-based restaurants in Mexico City?
answers: text: La Mar

question: What Japanese restaurant also has a branch in Mexico City?
answers: text: Suntory
context: The city also has several branches of renowned international restaurants and chefs. These include Paris' Au Pied de Cochon and Brasserie Lipp, Philippe (by Philippe Chow); Nobu, Morimoto; Pámpano, owned by Mexican-raised opera legend Plácido Domingo. There are branches of the exclusive Japanese restaurant Suntory, Rome's famed Alfredo, as well as New York steakhouses Morton's and The Palm, and Monte Carlo's BeefBar. Three of the most famous Lima-based Haute Peruvian restaurants, La Mar, Segundo Muelle and Astrid y Gastón have locations in Mexico City.

qas: question: What famous soccer stadium is in Mexico City?
answers: text: Azteca Stadium

question: How many fans does Azteca Stadium hold?
answers: text: 91,653

question: What is the largest stadium in Latin America?
answers: text: Azteca Stadium

question: What year did Mexico most recently host the World Cup?
answers: text: 1986

question: What division are the Mexico City soccer teams in?
answers: text: First
context: Association football is the country's most popular and most televised franchised sport. Its important venues in Mexico City include the Azteca Stadium, home to the Mexico national football team and giants América, which can seat 91,653 fans, making it the biggest stadium in Latin America. The Olympic Stadium in Ciudad Universitaria is home to the football club giants Universidad Nacional, with a seating capacity of over 52,000. The Estadio Azul, which seats 33,042 fans, is near the World Trade Center Mexico City in the Nochebuena neighborhood, and is home to the giants Cruz Azul. The three teams are based in Mexico City and play in the First Division; they are also part, with Guadalajara-based giants Club Deportivo Guadalajara, of Mexico's traditional "Big Four" (though recent years have tended to erode the teams' leading status at least in standings). The country hosted the FIFA World Cup in 1970 and 1986, and Azteca Stadium is the first stadium in World Cup history to host the final twice.

qas: question: What year did Mexico City host the olympics?
answers: text: 1968

question: Which American city did Mexico City defeat to host the 1968 olympics?
answers: text: Detroit

question: What year did Mexico City first host the Pan America games?
answers: text: 1955

question: What famous form of wrestling is native to Mexico?
answers: text: Lucha libre

question: What are the main arenas for Lucha Libre?
answers: text: Arena México and Arena Coliseo
context: Mexico City remains the only Latin American city to host the Olympic Games, having held the Summer Olympics in 1968, winning bids against Buenos Aires, Lyon and Detroit. (This too will change thanks to Rio, 2016 Summer Games host). The city hosted the 1955 and 1975 Pan American Games, the last after Santiago and São Paulo withdrew. The ICF Flatwater Racing World Championships were hosted here in 1974 and 1994. Lucha libre is a Mexican style of wrestling, and is one of the more popular sports throughout the country. The main venues in the city are Arena México and Arena Coliseo.

qas: question: What university is the largest of the continent?
answers: text: The National Autonomous University of Mexico

question: How many students attend UNAM?
answers: text: 300,000

question: What percent of scientific research is done at UNAM?
answers: text: 50

question: What worldwide ranking does UNAM hold?
answers: text: 74th

question: What is the main campus of UNAM called?
answers: text: Ciudad Universitaria
context: The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% of Mexico's scientific research and has presence all across the country with satellite campuses, observatories and research centres. UNAM ranked 74th in the Top 200 World University Ranking published by Times Higher Education (then called Times Higher Education Supplement) in 2006, making it the highest ranked Spanish-speaking university in the world. The sprawling main campus of the university, known as Ciudad Universitaria, was named a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2007.

qas: question: What is the second biggest education center in Mexico City?
answers: text: National Polytechnic Institute

question: What American University has a big campus in Mexico City?
answers: text: University of California

question: What does the University of California call its campus in Mexico City?
answers: text: Casa de California

question: Where is the Universidad Tecnologica located? 
answers: text: Mexico City
context: The second largest higher-education institution is the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN), which includes among many other relevant centers the Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav), where varied high-level scientific and technological research is done. Other major higher-education institutions in the city include the Metropolitan Autonomous University (UAM), the National School of Anthropology and History (ENAH), the Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM), the Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (3 campuses), the Universidad Panamericana (UP), the Universidad La Salle, the Universidad del Valle de Mexico (UVM), the Universidad Anáhuac, Simon Bolivar University (USB), the Alliant International University, the Universidad Iberoamericana, El Colegio de México (Colmex), Escuela Libre de Derecho and the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económica, (CIDE). In addition, the prestigious University of California maintains a campus known as "Casa de California" in the city. The Universidad Tecnológica de México is also in Mexico City.

qas: question: Who is in charge of the education in Mexico City?
answers: text: Secretary of Public Education

question: What is the public high school system called in Mexico City?
answers: text: Instituto de Educación Media Superior del Distrito Federal

question: Who allocates the funding of the school systems?
answers: text: government of Mexico City
context: Unlike those of Mexican states' schools, curricula of Mexico City's public schools is managed by the federal Secretary of Public Education. The whole funding is allocated by the government of Mexico City (in some specific cases, such as El Colegio de México, funding comes from both the city's government and other public and private national and international entities).[citation needed] The city's public high school system is the Instituto de Educación Media Superior del Distrito Federal (IEMS-DF).

qas: question: Who created El Colegio Nacional?
answers: text: Miguel Alemán Valdés

question: Where do the superior artists and scientists of Mexico City have the option to attend?
answers: text: El Colegio Nacional

question: What must members of El Colegio Nacional do?
answers: text: publicly disclose their works through conferences and public events

question: What is El Colegio Nacional modeled after?
answers: text: College of France
context: A special case is that of El Colegio Nacional, created during the district's governmental period of Miguel Alemán Valdés to have, in Mexico, an institution similar to the College of France. The select and privileged group of Mexican scientists and artists belonging to this institution—membership is for life—include, among many, Mario Lavista, Ruy Pérez Tamayo, José Emilio Pacheco, Marcos Moshinsky (d.2009), Guillermo Soberón Acevedo. Members are obligated to publicly disclose their works through conferences and public events such as concerts and recitals.

qas: question: How many newspaper call Mexico City home?
answers: text: Dozens

question: What is one of the main papers of Mexico City?
answers: text: El Universal

question: What American magazines have a footprint in Mexico City?
answers: text: Vogue, GQ, and Architectural Digest

question: How many entertainment magazines are published in Mexico City?
answers: text: dozens
context: Mexico City is Latin America's leading center for the television, music and film industries. It is also Mexico's most important for the printed media and book publishing industries. Dozens of daily newspapers are published, including El Universal, Excélsior, Reforma and La Jornada. Other major papers include Milenio, Crónica, El Economista and El Financiero. Leading magazines include Expansión, Proceso, Poder, as well as dozens of entertainment publications such as Vanidades, Quién, Chilango, TV Notas, and local editions of Vogue, GQ, and Architectural Digest.

qas: question: What are mobile markets in Mexico City called?
answers: text: tianguis

question: How is the retail market of Mexico City?
answers: text: immense and varied

question: What is a common way stores are distributed in Mexico City?
answers: text: in a street dedicated to a certain type of good

question: What is the spectrum of gods you can get in Mexico City?
answers: text: basic foods to ultra high-end luxury goods
context: Mexico City offers an immense and varied consumer retail market, ranging from basic foods to ultra high-end luxury goods. Consumers may buy in fixed indoor markets, mobile markets (tianguis), from street vendors, from downtown shops in a street dedicated to a certain type of good, in convenience stores and traditional neighborhood stores, in modern supermarkets, in warehouse and membership stores and the shopping centers that they anchor, in department stores, big-box stores and in modern shopping malls.

qas: question: What are the markets called that are located and run by the boroughs?
answers: text: mercado

question: What are some of the traditional drinks of Mexico City?
answers: text: aguas frescas and atole

question: What is the centerpiece of Mexico City's markets
answers: text: mercado

question: The author uses which adjective to describe the mercados?
answers: text: omnipresent
context: A staple for consumers in the city is the omnipresent "mercado". Every major neighborhood in the city has its own borough-regulated market, often more than one. These are large well-established facilities offering most basic products, such as fresh produce and meat/poultry, dry goods, tortillerías, and many other services such as locksmiths, herbal medicine, hardware goods, sewing implements; and a multitude of stands offering freshly made, home-style cooking and drinks in the tradition of aguas frescas and atole.

qas: question: Similar tianguis might set up shop where?
answers: text: plazas comerciales

question: What is the most basic way a street vendor might sell their goods?
answers: text: tarp or cloth laid on the ground

question: Street vendors might sell their goods in official places as well as where?
answers: text: non-officially controlled concentrations around metro stations and hospitals
context: Street vendors play their trade from stalls in the tianguis as well as at non-officially controlled concentrations around metro stations and hospitals; at plazas comerciales, where vendors of a certain "theme" (e.g. stationery) are housed; originally these were organized to accommodate vendors formerly selling on the street; or simply from improvised stalls on a city sidewalk. In addition, food and goods are sold from people walking with baskets, pushing carts, from bicycles or the backs of trucks, or simply from a tarp or cloth laid on the ground.

qas: question: Where is the Chapultepec Zoo located?
answers: text: Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo

question: When was the Chapultepec Zoo opened?
answers: text: 1924

question: What sets the Zoo San Juan de Aragon apart from the others?
answers: text: species that are in danger of extinction

question: How big is the Zoo Los Coyotes?
answers: text: 27.68-acre (11.2 ha)

question: How many animals inhabit Zoo Los Coyotes?
answers: text: more than 301 specimens
context: Mexico City has three zoos. Chapultepec Zoo, the San Juan de Aragon Zoo and Los Coyotes Zoo. Chapultepec Zoo is located in the first section of Chapultepec Park in the Miguel Hidalgo. It was opened in 1924. Visitors can see about 243 specimens of different species including kangaroos, giant panda, gorillas, caracal, hyena, hippos, jaguar, giraffe, lemur, lion, among others. Zoo San Juan de Aragon is near the San Juan de Aragon Park in the Gustavo A. Madero. In this zoo, opened in 1964, there are species that are in danger of extinction such as the jaguar and the Mexican wolf. Other guests are the golden eagle, pronghorn, bighorn sheep, caracara, zebras, African elephant, macaw, hippo, among others. Zoo Los Coyotes is a 27.68-acre (11.2 ha) zoo located south of Mexico City in the Coyoacan. It was inaugurated on February 2, 1999. It has more than 301 specimens of 51 species of wild native or endemic fauna from the Mexico City. You can admire eagles, ajolotes, coyotes, macaws, bobcats, Mexican wolves, raccoons, mountain lions, teporingos, foxes, white-tailed deer.

qas: question: Who termed the slogan "la Ciudad de la Esperanza?"
answers: text: Andrés López Obrador

question: What is the nickname of the city that the government is trying to push now?
answers: text: Capital en Movimiento

question: How is the city commonly abbreviated?
answers: text: CDMX

question: When did the abbreviation CDMX begin to take hold?
answers: text: 2013

question: Who more recently tried to change the nickname of Mexico city?
answers: text: Marcelo Ebrard
context: During Andrés López Obrador's administration a political slogan was introduced: la Ciudad de la Esperanza ("The City of Hope"). This motto was quickly adopted as a city nickname, but has faded since the new motto Capital en Movimiento ("Capital in Movement") was adopted by the administration headed by Marcelo Ebrard, though the latter is not treated as often as a nickname in media. Since 2013, to refer to the City particularly in relation to government campaigns, the abbreviation CDMX has been used (from Ciudad de México).

qas: question: What are locals of Mexico City called?
answers: text: chilangos

question: What do Mexicans call Mexico City?
answers: text: Chilangolandia

question: How do Mexicans take being called "chilangos?"
answers: text: proudly

question: What nickname are residents of Mexico given that more reflects the Spanish influence of the city?
answers: text: defeños

question: What is the "official" term to denote a citizen of Mexico City?
answers: text: capitalinos
context: The city is colloquially known as Chilangolandia after the locals' nickname chilangos. Chilango is used pejoratively by people living outside Mexico City to "connote a loud, arrogant, ill-mannered, loutish person". For their part those living in Mexico City designate insultingly those who live elsewhere as living in la provincia ("the provinces", the periphery) and many proudly embrace the term chilango. Residents of Mexico City are more recently called defeños (deriving from the postal abbreviation of the Federal District in Spanish: D.F., which is read "De-Efe"). They are formally called capitalinos (in reference to the city being the capital of the country), but "[p]erhaps because capitalino is the more polite, specific, and correct word, it is almost never utilized".

qas: question: How many crimes occurred around the turn of the latest century? 
answers: text: average of 478 crimes were reported each day

question: Why might more than 500 crimes have occurred each day at the turn of the century instead of the officially reported number?
answers: text: most people are reluctant to report crime

question: What Mexican mayor tried to crack down on crime immensely? 
answers: text: Marcelo Ebrard

question: What is one way the city tried to combat crime?
answers: text: installation of 11,000 security cameras

question: What is the ratio of cops to citizens in Mexico City?
answers: text: one uniformed officer per 100 citizens
context: Between 2000 and 2004 an average of 478 crimes were reported each day in Mexico City; however, the actual crime rate is thought to be much higher "since most people are reluctant to report crime". Under policies enacted by Mayor Marcelo Ebrard between 2009 and 2011, Mexico City underwent a major security upgrade with violent and petty crime rates both falling significantly despite the rise in violent crime in other parts of the country. Some of the policies enacted included the installation of 11,000 security cameras around the city and a very large expansion of the police force. Mexico City has one of the world's highest police officer-to-resident ratios, with one uniformed officer per 100 citizens.