Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact

qas: question: The agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets split what countries up?
answers: text: Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland

question: Who invaded Poland after the Nazi’s?
answers: text: Soviet

question: Which countries were taken over by the Soviets?
answers: text: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania

question: Who broke the agreement with the invasion of Bukovina?
answers: text: Stalin

question: Salla is located in what country?
answers: text: Finland

question: he disagreement between the Nazis and the Soviets split what countries up?

question: he agreement between the Nazis and the Soviets split what cities up?

question: Who invaded Poland before the Nazi’s?

question: Which countries weren't taken over by the Soviets?

question: Salla isn't located in what country?
context: The stated clauses of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact were a guarantee of non-belligerence by each party towards the other, and a written commitment that neither party would ally itself to, or aid, an enemy of the other party. In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included a secret protocol that divided territories of Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Finland into German and Soviet "spheres of influence", anticipating potential "territorial and political rearrangements" of these countries. Thereafter, Germany invaded Poland on 1 September 1939. After the Soviet–Japanese ceasefire agreement took effect on 16 September, Stalin ordered his own invasion of Poland on 17 September. Part of southeastern (Karelia) and Salla region in Finland were annexed by the Soviet Union after the Winter War. This was followed by Soviet annexations of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and parts of Romania (Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina, and the Hertza region). Concern about ethnic Ukrainians and Belarusians had been proffered as justification for the Soviet invasion of Poland. Stalin's invasion of Bukovina in 1940 violated the pact, as it went beyond the Soviet sphere of influence agreed with the Axis.

qas: question: The regions of Białystok, Galicia and Przemyśl were returned to what country after world war II?
answers: text: Polish state

question: What regions remained part of the Soviet Union?
answers: text: (Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Ingrian area and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remained part of the Russian Federation

question: After World War II, what regions remain part of Ukraine?
answers: text: Northern Bukovina, Southern Bessarabia and Hertza

question: The regions of Białystok, Galicia and Przemyśl were kept from what country after world war II?

question: The regions of Białystok, Galicia and Przemyśl were returned to what country before world war II?

question: What regions never remained part of the Soviet Union?

question: Before World War II, what regions remain part of Ukraine?

question: After World War I, what regions remain part of Ukraine?
context: Of the territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union between 1939 and 1940, the region around Białystok and a minor part of Galicia east of the San river around Przemyśl were returned to the Polish state at the end of World War II. Of all other territories annexed by the USSR in 1939–40, the ones detached from Finland (Karelia, Petsamo), Estonia (Ingrian area and Petseri County) and Latvia (Abrene) remained part of the Russian Federation, the successor state of the Soviet Union, after 1991. Northern Bukovina, Southern Bessarabia and Hertza remain part of Ukraine.

qas: question: Lenin acknowledged the independence of which countries?
answers: text: Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland.

question: What agreement gave Germany many regions of Russia in the first world war?
answers: text: Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

question: When did the russian civil war take place?
answers: text: 1917–22

question: Lenin never acknowledged the independence of which countries?

question: Lenin acknowledged the dependence of which countries?

question: What agreement gave Germany many regions of Russia in the second world war?

question: What agreement gave Germany no of Russia in the first world war?

question: When did the russian civil war not take place?
context: The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During the war, the Bolsheviks struggled for survival, and Vladimir Lenin recognised the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Moreover, facing a German military advance, Lenin and Trotsky were forced to enter into the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ceded massive western Russian territories to the German Empire. After Germany's collapse, a multinational Allied-led army intervened in the Russian Civil War (1917–22).

qas: question: Who was to blame for communism and capitalism?
answers: text: ethnic Jews

question: What reduced Germany’s need for Soviet goods?
answers: text: Treaty of Versailles

question: Which political group created problems between the Soviet and German governments?
answers: text: Nazi Party

question: Who wasn't to blame for communism and capitalism?

question: What increased Germany’s need for Soviet goods?

question: What reduced Germany’s need for American tanks?

question: Which political group removed problems between the Soviet and German governments?

question: Which political group created an alliance between the Soviet and German governments?
context: At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communism and financial capitalism, both of which they opposed. Consequently, Nazi theory held that Slavs in the Soviet Union were being ruled by "Jewish Bolshevik" masters. In 1934, Hitler himself had spoken of an inescapable battle against both Pan-Slavism and Neo-Slavism, the victory in which would lead to "permanent mastery of the world", though he stated that they would "walk part of the road with the Russians, if that will help us." The resulting manifestation of German anti-Bolshevism and an increase in Soviet foreign debts caused German–Soviet trade to dramatically decline.[b] Imports of Soviet goods to Germany fell to 223 million Reichsmarks in 1934 as the more isolationist Stalinist regime asserted power and the abandonment of post–World War I Treaty of Versailles military controls decreased Germany's reliance on Soviet imports.[clarification needed]

qas: question: What countries prevented the Soviets from joining the Munich Conference?
answers: text: UK and France

question: Who was the English politician who appeased Germany with the take over of Czechoslovakia
answers: text: Chamberlain

question: The soviets suspected that Nazi-Soviet conflicts would result in what?
answers: text: put an end to both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany

question: What countries helped the Soviets from joining the Munich Conference?

question: What countries prevented the Germans from joining the Munich Conference?

question: Who was the English politician who opposed Germany with the take over of Czechoslovakia

question: Who was the French politician who appeased Germany with the take over of Czechoslovakia

question: The soviets suspected that Nazi-Soviet conflicts would never result in what?
context: Hitler's fierce anti-Soviet rhetoric was one of the reasons why the UK and France decided that Soviet participation in the 1938 Munich Conference regarding Czechoslovakia would be both dangerous and useless. The Munich Agreement that followed marked a partial German annexation of Czechoslovakia in late 1938 followed by its complete dissolution in March 1939, which as part of the appeasement of Germany conducted by Chamberlain's and Daladier's cabinets. This policy immediately raised the question of whether the Soviet Union could avoid being next on Hitler's list. The Soviet leadership believed that the West wanted to encourage German aggression in the East and that France and Britain might stay neutral in a war initiated by Germany, hoping that the warring states would wear each other out and put an end to both the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.

qas: question: During conflict, what would prevent transport of materials?
answers: text: British blockade

question: Between german and the soviet union which country needed military machinery? 
answers: text: military machinery

question: Who believed they needed a supply line from the Soviet Union to sustain another war? 
answers: text: Germany

question: During conflict, what wouldn't prevent transport of materials?

question: During non-conflict, what would prevent transport of materials?

question: Between german and the soviet union which country never needed what? 

question: Who believed they never needed a supply line from the Soviet Union to sustain another war? 

question: Who believed they needed a supply line from the Soviet Union to avoid another war? 
context: For Germany, because an autarkic economic approach or an alliance with Britain were impossible, closer relations with the Soviet Union to obtain raw materials became necessary, if not just for economic reasons alone. Moreover, an expected British blockade in the event of war would create massive shortages for Germany in a number of key raw materials. After the Munich agreement, the resulting increase in German military supply needs and Soviet demands for military machinery, talks between the two countries occurred from late 1938 to March 1939. The third Soviet Five Year Plan required new infusions of technology and industrial equipment.[clarification needed] German war planners had estimated serious shortfalls of raw materials if Germany entered a war without Soviet supply.

qas: question: Why did the Soviet government fear the governments of France and Britain?
answers: text: capitalist encirclements

question: Why did western power believe that the soviet government wouldn’t partake in another world war?
answers: text: Great Purge

question: What country was at war with Japan in China prior to World War II?
answers: text: Soviet Union

question: Who was afraid of a pact between Germany and the Soviet governments?
answers: text: France

question: Why didn't the Soviet government fear the governments of France and Britain?

question: Why did the Soviet government embrace the governments of France and Britain?

question: Why did eastern power believe that the soviet government wouldn’t partake in another world war?

question: What country was at war with Japan in China prior to World War I?

question: Who embraced of a pact between Germany and the Soviet governments?
context: The Soviet Union, which feared Western powers and the possibility of "capitalist encirclements", had little faith either that war could be avoided, or faith in the Polish army, and wanted nothing less than an ironclad military alliance with France and Britain that would provide a guaranteed support for a two-pronged attack on Germany; thus, Stalin's adherence to the collective security line was purely conditional. Britain and France believed that war could still be avoided, and that the Soviet Union, weakened by the Great Purge, could not be a main military participant, a point that many military sources were at variance with, especially Soviet victories over the Japanese Kwantung army on the Manchurian frontier. France was more anxious to find an agreement with the USSR than was Britain; as a continental power, it was more willing to make concessions, more fearful of the dangers of an agreement between the USSR and Germany. These contrasting attitudes partly explain why the USSR has often been charged with playing a double game in 1939: carrying on open negotiations for an alliance with Britain and France while secretly considering propositions from Germany.

qas: question: Who predicted soviet aggression in the Baltic region?
answers: text: Britain

question: What month did the Tripartite discussions begin between Britain, USSR and France?
answers: text: mid-June

question: Which country is blamed for the Tripartite discussion to stagnate and fail?
answers: text: the Soviets

question: Who never predicted soviet aggression in the Baltic region?

question: Who predicted soviet aggression in the Atlantic region?

question: What month didn't the Tripartite discussions begin between Britain, USSR and France?

question: What month did the Tripartite discussions end between Britain, USSR and France?

question: Which country is blamed for the Tripartite discussion to thrive?
context: By the end of May, drafts were formally presented. In mid-June, the main Tripartite negotiations started. The discussion was focused on potential guarantees to central and east European countries should a German aggression arise. The USSR proposed to consider that a political turn towards Germany by the Baltic states would constitute an "indirect aggression" towards the Soviet Union. Britain opposed such proposals, because they feared the Soviets' proposed language could justify a Soviet intervention in Finland and the Baltic states, or push those countries to seek closer relations with Germany. The discussion about a definition of "indirect aggression" became one of the sticking points between the parties, and by mid-July, the tripartite political negotiations effectively stalled, while the parties agreed to start negotiations on a military agreement, which the Soviets insisted must be entered into simultaneously with any political agreement.

qas: question: Which Soviet Foreign Minister lost his job because of his favorable attitude towards the west?
answers: text: Maxim Litvinov

question: Which two countries positioned themselves to broker a deal returning to a pre-1930’s treaty with each other?
answers: text: Soviet and German

question: Which two countries positioned themselves to broker an new trade agreement?
answers: text: Germany and the Soviet Union

question: Which Soviet Foreign Minister kept his job because of his favorable attitude towards the west?

question: Which Soviet Foreign Minister lost his job because of his unfavorable attitude towards the west?

question: Which two countries positioned themselves to broker a deal returning to a pre-1920’s treaty with each other?

question: Which three countries positioned themselves to broker a deal returning to a pre-1930’s treaty with each other?

question: Which two countries positioned themselves to broker an old trade agreement?
context: From April–July, Soviet and German officials made statements regarding the potential for the beginning of political negotiations, while no actual negotiations took place during that time period. The ensuing discussion of a potential political deal between Germany and the Soviet Union had to be channeled into the framework of economic negotiations between the two countries, because close military and diplomatic connections, as was the case before the mid-1930s, had afterward been largely severed. In May, Stalin replaced his Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov, who was regarded as pro-western and who was also Jewish, with Vyacheslav Molotov, allowing the Soviet Union more latitude in discussions with more parties, not only with Britain and France.

qas: question: Why did Poland deny the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a German Attack?
answers: text: once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave.

question: In what city did the tripartite military talks occur during the month of August?
answers: text: Moscow

question: Who did not want their country protected by the Soviet military?
answers: text: Poland

question: Why did Poland accept the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a German Attack?

question: Why did Poland deny the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a English Attack?

question: In what city did the bipartite military talks occur during the month of August?

question: In what city did the tripartite military talks occur during the month of July?

question: Who wanted their country protected by the Soviet military?
context: At the same time, British, French, and Soviet negotiators scheduled three-party talks on military matters to occur in Moscow in August 1939, aiming to define what the agreement would specify should be the reaction of the three powers to a German attack. The tripartite military talks, started in mid-August, hit a sticking point regarding the passage of Soviet troops through Poland if Germans attacked, and the parties waited as British and French officials overseas pressured Polish officials to agree to such terms. Polish officials refused to allow Soviet troops into Polish territory if Germany attacked; as Polish foreign minister Józef Beck pointed out, they feared that once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave.

qas: question: What was the German-Soviet dividing line in regards to annexing Poland?
answers: text: Vistula river

question: How many days after the German-Soviet agreement were the Tripartite discussions ceased?
answers: text: 2

question: What other countries did the Soviet government agree to annex through the agreement with Germany?
answers: text: Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Bessarabia

question: What was the German-Soviet dividing line in regards to leaving Poland?

question: What was the Russian-Soviet dividing line in regards to leaving Poland?

question: What other countries didn't the Soviet government agree to annex through the agreement with Germany?

question: What other countries did the Soviet government disagree to annex through the agreement with Germany?

question: What other countries did the Soviet government agree to annex through the disagreement with Germany?
context: On August 19, the 1939 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement was finally signed. On 21 August, the Soviets suspended Tripartite military talks, citing other reasons. That same day, Stalin received assurance that Germany would approve secret protocols to the proposed non-aggression pact that would place half of Poland (border along the Vistula river), Latvia, Estonia, Finland, and Bessarabia in the Soviets' sphere of influence. That night, Stalin replied that the Soviets were willing to sign the pact and that he would receive Ribbentrop on 23 August.

qas: question: Which Foreign Minister would agree to meet with Stalin on to sign a secret agreement? 
answers: text: Ribbentrop

question: How long was the secret agreement between Germany and the Soviets?
answers: text: 10-year

question: Part of the secret agreement between the Germans and the Soviets included a neutral diplomatic approach when?
answers: text: either went to war against a third power

question: Which Foreign Minister wouldn't agree to meet with Stalin on to sign a secret agreement? 

question: Which Foreign Minister would disagree to meet with Stalin on to sign a secret agreement? 

question: How long was the public agreement between Germany and the Soviets?

question: Part of the public agreement between the Germans and the Soviets included a neutral diplomatic approach when?

question: Part of the secret agreement between the Germans and the Soviets excluded a neutral diplomatic approach when?
context: On 22 August, one day after the talks broke down with France and Britain, Moscow revealed that Ribbentrop would visit Stalin the next day. This happened while the Soviets were still negotiating with the British and French missions in Moscow. With the Western nations unwilling to accede to Soviet demands, Stalin instead entered a secret Nazi–Soviet pact. On 24 August a 10-year non-aggression pact was signed with provisions that included: consultation, arbitration if either party disagreed, neutrality if either went to war against a third power, no membership of a group "which is directly or indirectly aimed at the other".

qas: question: What country held the city Vilnius prior to the inter-war period? 
answers: text: Lithuania

question: What country would reclaim the city of Vilnius?
answers: text: Lithuania

question: What rivers would the soviet union claim as their own during the invasion of poland?
answers: text: Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers

question: Who would claim Lithuania under their political umbrella?
answers: text: German

question: Bessarabia eventually became under the control of which country?
answers: text: Soviet Union

question: What country held the city Vilnius after to the inter-war period? 

question: What country wouldn't reclaim the city of Vilnius?

question: What rivers wouldn't the soviet union claim as their own during the invasion of poland?

question: Who wouldn't claim Lithuania under their political umbrella?

question: Bessarabia eventually never became under the control of which country?
context: Most notably, there was also a secret protocol to the pact, revealed only after Germany's defeat in 1945, although hints about its provisions were leaked much earlier, e.g., to influence Lithuania. According to said protocol Romania, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland were divided into German and Soviet "spheres of influence". In the north, Finland, Estonia and Latvia were assigned to the Soviet sphere. Poland was to be partitioned in the event of its "political rearrangement"—the areas east of the Pisa, Narev, Vistula and San rivers going to the Soviet Union while Germany would occupy the west. Lithuania, adjacent to East Prussia, would be in the German sphere of influence, although a second secret protocol agreed to in September 1939 reassigned the majority of Lithuania to the USSR. According to the secret protocol, Lithuania would be granted the city of Vilnius – its historical capital, which was under Polish control during the inter-war period. Another clause of the treaty was that Germany would not interfere with the Soviet Union's actions towards Bessarabia, then part of Romania; as the result, Bessarabia was joined to the Moldovan ASSR, and become the Moldovan SSR under control of Moscow.

qas: question: Which diplomat leaked information about the secret agreements?
answers: text: Hans von Herwarth

question: Which ally of Germany was most surprised by the signing of the agreement?
answers: text: Japan

question: How long had the tripartite discussions been taking place?
answers: text: place for months

question: Which diplomat never leaked information about the secret agreements?

question: Which diplomat leaked information about the public agreements?

question: Which ally of Germany was least surprised by the signing of the agreement?

question: Which ally of Germany was most surprised by the scrapping of the agreement?

question: How long hadn't the tripartite discussions been taking place?
context: On 24 August, Pravda and Izvestia carried news of the non-secret portions of the Pact, complete with the now infamous front-page picture of Molotov signing the treaty, with a smiling Stalin looking on. The news was met with utter shock and surprise by government leaders and media worldwide, most of whom were aware only of the British–French–Soviet negotiations that had taken place for months. The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was received with shock by Nazi Germany's allies, notably Japan, by the Comintern and foreign communist parties, and by Jewish communities all around the world. So, that day, German diplomat Hans von Herwarth, whose grandmother was Jewish, informed Guido Relli, an Italian diplomat, and American chargé d'affaires Charles Bohlen on the secret protocol regarding vital interests in the countries' allotted "spheres of influence", without revealing the annexation rights for "territorial and political rearrangement".

qas: question: Who downplayed the contrast and recent past history between German and the Soviets?
answers: text: Molotov

question: How long did the anti-Nazi propaganda machine run before the pact-signing?
answers: text: a decade

question: A war with the USSR was considered certain according to whom?
answers: text: Hitler

question: Who up-played the contrast and recent past history between German and the Soviets?

question: Who downplayed the contrast and recent past history between England and the Soviets?

question: How long did the anti-Soviet propaganda machine run before the pact-signing?

question: A war with the USSR wasn't considered certain according to whom?

question: A war with the USSR was considered uncertain according to whom?
context: Soviet propaganda and representatives went to great lengths to minimize the importance of the fact that they had opposed and fought against the Nazis in various ways for a decade prior to signing the Pact. Upon signing the pact, Molotov tried to reassure the Germans of his good intentions by commenting to journalists that "fascism is a matter of taste". For its part, Nazi Germany also did a public volte-face regarding its virulent opposition to the Soviet Union, though Hitler still viewed an attack on the Soviet Union as "inevitable".[citation needed]

qas: question: What was the response of  Kliment Voroshilov in regards to further conversations with Britain and France?
answers: text: no useful purpose

question: Who should accept the annexation of Poland?
answers: text: Britain

question: By accepting the deal with the USSR, Hitler admitted that it prevented what?
answers: text: facing a two front war

question: What was the response of Kliment Voroshilov in regards to no further conversations with Britain and France?

question: What was the response of Kliment Voroshilov in regards to further conversations without Britain and France?

question: Who shouldn't accept the annexation of Poland?

question: Who should deny the annexation of Poland?

question: By rejecting the deal with the USSR, Hitler admitted that it prevented what?
context: The day after the Pact was signed, the French and British military negotiation delegation urgently requested a meeting with Soviet military negotiator Kliment Voroshilov. On August 25, Voroshilov told them "[i]n view of the changed political situation, no useful purpose can be served in continuing the conversation." That day, Hitler told the British ambassador to Berlin that the pact with the Soviets prevented Germany from facing a two front war, changing the strategic situation from that in World War I, and that Britain should accept his demands regarding Poland.

qas: question: How did the Russians communicate to the Germans in regards to bombing civilians trying to flee cities?
answers: text: signals broadcast by the Soviet radio

question: What day did German invade Poland?
answers: text: 1 September

question: How long did the Germans massacre Polish and Jewish civilians? 
answers: text: month

question: How didn't the Russians communicate to the Germans in regards to bombing civilians trying to flee cities?

question: How did the Russians communicate to the Germans in regards to bombing soldiers trying to flee cities?

question: What day did German leave Poland?

question: What day did German invade France?

question: How long didn't the Germans massacre Polish and Jewish civilians? 
context: On 1 September, Germany invaded Poland from the west. Within the first few days of the invasion, Germany began conducting massacres of Polish and Jewish civilians and POWs. These executions took place in over 30 towns and villages in the first month of German occupation. The Luftwaffe also took part by strafing fleeing civilian refugees on roads and carrying out a bombing campaign. The Soviet Union assisted German air forces by allowing them to use signals broadcast by the Soviet radio station at Minsk allegedly "for urgent aeronautical experiments".

qas: question: Why did Soviets create fake elections in Poland?
answers: text: legitimization of Soviet annexation of eastern Poland

question: Where did the Nazi and Russian leaders meet to discuss what to do with Poland?
answers: text: Brest-Litovsk

question: Where were cooperative military parades held?
answers: text: Lvov and Brest-Litovsk

question: Why did Soviets create real elections in Poland?

question: Why didn't Soviets create fake elections in Poland?

question: Where did the Nazi and Russian leaders meet to discuss what not to do with Poland?

question: Where weren't cooperative military parades held?

question: Where were cooperative military parades not held?
context: On 21 September, the Soviets and Germans signed a formal agreement coordinating military movements in Poland, including the "purging" of saboteurs. A joint German–Soviet parade was held in Lvov and Brest-Litovsk, while the countries commanders met in the latter location. Stalin had decided in August that he was going to liquidate the Polish state, and a German–Soviet meeting in September addressed the future structure of the "Polish region". Soviet authorities immediately started a campaign of Sovietization of the newly acquired areas. The Soviets organized staged elections, the result of which was to become a legitimization of Soviet annexation of eastern Poland.

qas: question: After amending the joint agreement, who received the larger portion of Lithuania?
answers: text: Germany

question: What was the amended joint agreement called?
answers: text: German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation

question: How long after the annexation of Kresy was the amendment made?
answers: text: Eleven days

question: After amending the joint agreement, who received the smaller portion of Lithuania?

question: After amending the joint agreement, who never received the larger portion of Lithuania?

question: What was the amended joint agreement not called?

question: How long after the annexation of Kresy wasn't the amendment made?

question: How long before the annexation of Kresy was the amendment made?
context: Eleven days after the Soviet invasion of the Polish Kresy, the secret protocol of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was modified by the German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation,) allotting Germany a larger part of Poland and transferring Lithuania's territory (with the exception of left bank of river Scheschupe, the "Lithuanian Strip") from the envisioned German sphere to the Soviets. On 28 September 1939, the Soviet Union and German Reich issued a joint declaration in which they declared:

qas: question: The Soviets took over and setup a fake government in what country?
answers: text: Finnish Democratic Republic

question: How long did the Finnish military last during the invasion by the soviets?
answers: text: over three months

question: Although officially, the number of soviets wounded during the invasion of finland was around 200,000, who said the real numbers may have been closer to a million?
answers: text: Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev

question: How many Finnish people lost their homes?
answers: text: 422,000

question: The Soviets took over and setup a real government in what country?

question: How long did the Finnish military last before the invasion by the soviets?

question: How long didn't the Finnish military last during the invasion by the soviets?

question: Although unofficially, the number of soviets wounded during the invasion of finland was around 200,000, who said the real numbers may have been closer to a million?

question: How many Finnish people kept their homes?
context: After the Baltic states were forced to accept treaties, Stalin turned his sights on Finland, confident that Finnish capitulation could be attained without great effort. The Soviets demanded territories on the Karelian Isthmus, the islands of the Gulf of Finland and a military base near the Finnish capital Helsinki, which Finland rejected. The Soviets staged the shelling of Mainila and used it as a pretext to withdraw from the non-aggression pact. The Red Army attacked in November 1939. Simultaneously, Stalin set up a puppet government in the Finnish Democratic Republic.[clarification needed] The leader of the Leningrad Military District Andrei Zhdanov commissioned a celebratory piece from Dmitri Shostakovich, entitled "Suite on Finnish Themes" to be performed as the marching bands of the Red Army would be parading through Helsinki. After Finnish defenses surprisingly held out for over three months while inflicting stiff losses on Soviet forces, the Soviets settled for an interim peace. Finland ceded southeastern areas of Karelia (10% of Finnish territory), which resulted in approximately 422,000 Karelians (12% of Finland's population) losing their homes. Soviet official casualty counts in the war exceeded 200,000, although Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev later claimed the casualties may have been one million.

qas: question: Who invaded the countries of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia? 
answers: text: Soviet NKVD

question: What region of Lithuania was to be turned over to the Nazis?
answers: text: Scheschupe area

question: Of the three countries invaded, which lost the least amount of people through deportation or loss of life?
answers: text: Latvia

question: How did these countries become part of the USSR?
answers: text: Elections were held with single pro-Soviet candidates

question: Who left the countries of Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia? 

question: What region of Lithuania wasn't to be turned over to the Nazis?

question: What region of Lithuania was to be turned over to the French?

question: Of the three countries invaded, which lost the most amount of people through deportation or loss of life?

question: How didn't these countries become part of the USSR?
context: In mid-June 1940, when international attention was focused on the German invasion of France, Soviet NKVD troops raided border posts in Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia. State administrations were liquidated and replaced by Soviet cadres, in which 34,250 Latvians, 75,000 Lithuanians and almost 60,000 Estonians were deported or killed. Elections were held with single pro-Soviet candidates listed for many positions, with resulting peoples assemblies immediately requesting admission into the USSR, which was granted by the Soviet Union. The USSR annexed the whole of Lithuania, including the Scheschupe area, which was to be given to Germany.

qas: question: How many days after France sued for peace did the Romanians meet the requests of the USSR?
answers: text: 6

question: What month did France sue for peace?
answers: text: June

question: How many days did it take for the Romanians give into the Soviets requests?
answers: text: Two days

question: How many days after France sued for peace did the Romanians reject the requests of the USSR?

question: What month didn't France sue for peace?

question: What month did France sue for war?

question: How many days didn't it take for the Romanians give into the Soviets requests?

question: How many days did it take for the Romanians reject the Soviets requests?
context: Finally, on 26 June, four days after France sued for an armistice with the Third Reich, the Soviet Union issued an ultimatum demanding Bessarabia and, unexpectedly, Northern Bukovina from Romania. Two days later, the Romanians caved to the Soviet demands and the Soviets occupied the territory. The Hertza region was initially not requested by the USSR but was later occupied by force after the Romanians agreed to the initial Soviet demands. The subsequent waves of deportations began in Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina.

qas: question: Who were the “intelligentia?” 
answers: text: Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists

question: How long did liquidation occur?
answers: text: fall of 1939 till spring of 1940

question:  How many intelligentia were killed during operation AB-Akiton?
answers: text: 16,000 members

question: Who weren't the “intelligentia?” 

question: How long didn't liquidation occur?

question: How long did liquidation stop?

question: How many intelligentia were saved during operation AB-Akiton?

question: How many intelligentia were killed during operation BA-Akiton?
context: Elimination of Polish elites and intelligentia was part of Generalplan Ost. The Intelligenzaktion, a plan to eliminate the Polish intelligentsia, Poland's 'leadership class', took place soon after the German invasion of Poland, lasting from fall of 1939 till spring of 1940. As the result of this operation in 10 regional actions about 60,000 Polish nobles, teachers, social workers, priests, judges and political activists were killed. It was continued in May 1940 when Germany launched AB-Aktion, More than 16,000 members of the intelligentsia were murdered in Operation Tannenberg alone.

qas: question: How many Jews were forced to live within the Warsaw Ghetto? 
answers: text: 380,000

question: How many Jews died in the Warsa Ghetto?
answers: text: 43,000

question: Which group of people were considered inferior?
answers: text: Poles and other Slavs

question: How many Polish people were used in labor camps?
answers: text: Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens

question: How many people are believed to have died in Auschwitz?
answers: text: 1.1 million people

question: How many Jews were forced to live outside of the Warsaw Ghetto? 

question: How many Jews survived in the Warsa Ghetto?

question: Which group of people were considered superior?

question: How many Polish people weren't used in labor camps?

question: How many people are believed to have lived in Auschwitz?
context: Although Germany used forced labourers in most occupied countries, Poles and other Slavs were viewed as inferior by Nazi propaganda, thus, better suited for such duties. Between 1 and 2.5 million Polish citizens were transported to the Reich for forced labour, against their will. All Polish males were required to perform forced labour. While ethnic Poles were subject to selective persecution, all ethnic Jews were targeted by the Reich. In the winter of 1939–40, about 100,000 Jews were thus deported to Poland. They were initially gathered into massive urban ghettos, such as 380,000 held in the Warsaw Ghetto, where large numbers died under the harsh conditions therein, including 43,000 in the Warsaw Ghetto alone. Poles and ethnic Jews were imprisoned in nearly every camp of the extensive concentration camp system in German-occupied Poland and the Reich. In Auschwitz, which began operating on 14 June 1940, 1.1 million people died.

qas: question: How much did the transfer of the Lithuanian Strip cost the Soviet Union?
answers: text: 7.5 million dollars (31.5 million Reichsmark)

question: How long did germans have to relocate from the baltic states after the amendment of secret protocols?
answers: text: two and a half months

question: How long did the Russians have to relocate from the german occupied regions?
answers: text: two and a half months

question: How long did the amendment extend the trade agreements?
answers: text: until August 1, 1942

question: How much didn't the transfer of the Lithuanian Strip cost the Soviet Union?

question: How long didn't germans have to relocate from the baltic states after the amendment of secret protocols?

question: How long did germans have to relocate from the baltic states before the amendment of secret protocols?

question: How long didn't the Russians have to relocate from the german occupied regions?

question: How long did the amendment reject the trade agreements?
context: On 10 January 1941, Germany and the Soviet Union signed an agreement settling several ongoing issues. Secret protocols in the new agreement modified the "Secret Additional Protocols" of the German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty, ceding the Lithuanian Strip to the Soviet Union in exchange for 7.5 million dollars (31.5 million Reichsmark). The agreement formally set the border between Germany and the Soviet Union between the Igorka river and the Baltic Sea. It also extended trade regulation of the 1940 German–Soviet Commercial Agreement until August 1, 1942, increased deliveries above the levels of year one of that agreement, settled trading rights in the Baltics and Bessarabia, calculated the compensation for German property interests in the Baltic States now occupied by the Soviets and other issues. It also covered the migration to Germany within two and a half months of ethnic Germans and German citizens in Soviet-held Baltic territories, and the migration to the Soviet Union of Baltic and "White Russian" "nationals" in German-held territories.

qas: question: Who was part of Hollywood Ten?
answers: text: Herbert Biberman

question: Who was the leader of the American communist party?
answers: text: Earl Browder

question: Who protested the involvement of Britain and France in a war with Germany?
answers: text: Western Communists

question: Who wasn't part of Hollywood Ten?

question: Who was part of Hollywood Nine?

question: Who was the follower of the American communist party?

question: Who accepted the involvement of Britain and France in a war with Germany?

question: Who protested the involvement of Britain and France in a treaty with Germany?
context: Before the pact's announcement, Communists in the West denied that such a treaty would be signed. Future member of the Hollywood Ten Herbert Biberman denounced rumors as "Fascist propaganda". Earl Browder, head of the Communist Party USA, stated that "there is as much chance of agreement as of Earl Browder being elected president of the Chamber of Commerce." Beginning in September 1939, the Soviet Comintern suspended all anti-Nazi and anti-fascist propaganda, explaining that the war in Europe was a matter of capitalist states attacking each other for imperialist purposes. Western Communists acted accordingly; while before they supported protecting collective security, now they denounced Britain and France going to war.

qas: question: The western communists new rhetoric was that the war was? 
answers: text: the war was unjust and imperialist

question: The western communists claimed the war was what?
answers: text: the war was unjust and imperialist

question: French communists voted for what?
answers: text: war credits

question: Where did Maurice Thorez go after deserting the Army?
answers: text: fled to Russia

question: The eastern communists new rhetoric was that the war was? 

question: The western communists old rhetoric was that the war was? 

question: French communists voted against what?

question: Where didn't Maurice Thorez go after deserting the Army?

question: Where did Maurice Thorez go after joining the Army?
context: When anti-German demonstrations erupted in Prague, Czechoslovakia, the Comintern ordered the Czech Communist Party to employ all of its strength to paralyze "chauvinist elements." Moscow soon forced the Communist Parties of France and Great Britain to adopt an anti-war position. On 7 September, Stalin called Georgi Dimitrov,[clarification needed] and the latter sketched a new Comintern line on the war. The new line—which stated that the war was unjust and imperialist—was approved by the secretariat of the Communist International on 9 September. Thus, the various western Communist parties now had to oppose the war, and to vote against war credits. Although the French Communists had unanimously voted in Parliament for war credits on 2 September and on 19 September declared their "unshakeable will" to defend the country, on 27 September the Comintern formally instructed the party to condemn the war as imperialist. By 1 October the French Communists advocated listening to German peace proposals, and Communist leader Maurice Thorez deserted from the French Army on 4 October and fled to Russia. Other Communists also deserted from the army.

qas: question: Who wanted war with the Soviet Union?
answers: text: English–French war bloc

question: Who publicly wanted peace with Soviet Union
answers: text: German government

question: The British army was considered to be what by Walter Ulbricbht?
answers: text: the most reactionary force in the world

question: Who rejected war with the Soviet Union?

question: Who wanted war with the Nazis?

question: Who privately wanted peace with Soviet Union

question: Who publicly wanted war with Soviet Union

question: The British army wasn't considered to be what by Walter Ulbricbht?
context: The Communist Party of Germany featured similar attitudes. In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing "the most reactionary force in the world") and argued: "The German government declared itself ready for friendly relations with the Soviet Union, whereas the English–French war bloc desires a war against the socialist Soviet Union. The Soviet people and the working people of Germany have an interest in preventing the English war plan."

qas: question: Who refused a German-Soviet peace plan?
answers: text: Britain and France

question: Why was the west creating a war?
answers: text: to maintain the Versailles system.

question: Who provides rhetoric points for the Soviet propaganda?
answers: text: Molotov

question: Who refused a German-Soviet war plan?

question: Who accepted a German-Soviet peace plan?

question: Why was the east creating a war?

question: Why was the west creating peace?

question: Who provides rhetoric points against the Soviet propaganda?
context: When a joint German–Soviet peace initiative was rejected by Britain and France on 28 September 1939, Soviet foreign policy became critical of the Allies and more pro-German in turn. During the fifth session of the Supreme Soviet on 31 October 1939 Molotov analysed the international situation thus giving the direction for Communist propaganda. According to Molotov Germany had a legitimate interest in regaining its position as a great power and the Allies had started an aggressive war in order to maintain the Versailles system.

qas: question: What was the title of Molotov’s report called?
answers: text: On the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union

question: According to Molotov, what was the goal of the west?
answers: text: extermination of Hitlerism

question: Under what guise does the west perform their international policing?
answers: text: defending democracy

question: What wasn't the title of Molotov’s report called?

question: What was the title of Stalin’s report called?

question: According to Molotov, what wasn't the goal of the west?

question: According to Molotov, what was the goal of the east?

question: Under what guise does the east perform their international policing?
context: Molotov declared in his report entitled "On the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union" (31 October 1939) held on the fifth (extraordinary) session of the Supreme Soviet, that the Western "ruling circles" disguise their intentions with the pretext of defending democracy against Hitlerism, declaring "their aim in war with Germany is nothing more, nothing less than extermination of Hitlerism. [...] There is absolutely no justification for this kind of war. The ideology of Hitlerism, just like any other ideological system, can be accepted or rejected, this is a matter of political views. But everyone grasps, that an ideology can not be exterminated by force, must not be finished off with a war."

qas: question: How much more expansive was the newest trade agreement?
answers: text: was over four times larger

question: What was the trade route between german and the soviet union?
answers: text: occupied Polish territories

question: Where were the soybeans coming from?
answers: text: Manchuria

question:  What famous ship was the soviet union getting the plans for?
answers: text: the battleship Bismarck

question: How many new airplanes were the soviets getting in this agreement?
answers: text: thirty

question: How much more expansive was the oldest trade agreement?

question: What wasn't the trade route between german and the soviet union?

question: Where weren't the soybeans coming from?

question: What unknown ship was the soviet union getting the plans for?

question: How many old airplanes were the soviets getting in this agreement?
context: Germany and the Soviet Union entered an intricate trade pact on February 11, 1940, that was over four times larger than the one the two countries had signed in August 1939. The trade pact helped Germany to surmount a British blockade of Germany. In the first year, Germany received one million tons of cereals, half a million tons of wheat, 900,000 tons of oil, 100,000 tons of cotton, 500,000 tons of phosphates and considerable amounts of other vital raw materials, along with the transit of one million tons of soybeans from Manchuria.[citation needed] These and other supplies were being transported through Soviet and occupied Polish territories. The Soviets were to receive a naval cruiser, the plans to the battleship Bismarck, heavy naval guns, other naval gear and thirty of Germany's latest warplanes, including the Me-109 and Me-110 fighters and Ju-88 bomber. The Soviets would also receive oil and electric equipment, locomotives, turbines, generators, diesel engines, ships, machine tools and samples of German artillery, tanks, explosives, chemical-warfare equipment and other items.

qas: question: What did the Germans use to avoid British blockades?
answers: text: a submarine base

question: Where was the sub base located?
answers: text: northern Soviet Union near Murmansk

question: Which oceans did the sub base provide access to?
answers: text: both the Atlantic and the Pacific

question: What didn't the Germans use to avoid British blockades?

question: Where wasn't the sub base located?

question: Where was the plane base located?

question: Which oceans didn't the sub base provide access to?

question: Which oceans did the sub base restrict access to?
context: The Soviets also helped Germany to avoid British naval blockades by providing a submarine base, Basis Nord, in the northern Soviet Union near Murmansk. This also provided a refueling and maintenance location, and a takeoff point for raids and attacks on shipping. In addition, the Soviets provided Germany with access to the Northern Sea Route for both cargo ships and raiders (though only the commerce raider Komet used the route before the German invasion), which forced Britain to protect sea lanes in both the Atlantic and the Pacific.

qas: question: Who wanted to know the moment an anti-german bloc was to form?
answers: text: Ribbentrop

question: Why did the Germans distrust the soviet agenda?
answers: text: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant

question: What caused distrust between the German and Soviet governments?
answers: text: Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin

question: Who wanted to know the moment an pro-german bloc was to form?

question: Who never wanted to know the moment an anti-german bloc was to form?

question: Why didn't the Germans distrust the soviet agenda?

question: Why did the Germans trust the soviet agenda?

question: What brought trust between the German and Soviet governments?
context: The Finnish and Baltic invasions began a deterioration of relations between the Soviets and Germany. Stalin's invasions were a severe irritant to Berlin, as the intent to accomplish these was not communicated to the Germans beforehand, and prompted concern that Stalin was seeking to form an anti-German bloc. Molotov's reassurances to the Germans, and the Germans' mistrust, intensified. On June 16, as the Soviets invaded Lithuania, but before they had invaded Latvia and Estonia, Ribbentrop instructed his staff "to submit a report as soon as possible as to whether in the Baltic States a tendency to seek support from the Reich can be observed or whether an attempt was made to form a bloc."

qas: question: Who stopped the trade because of a disagreement involving Romania?
answers: text: Soviet Union

question: What regions were redrawn in effort to improve relations between Germany and the Soviets?
answers: text: Hungarian and Romanian borders

question: Who started refining Romanian oil?
answers: text: Germany

question: Who started the trade because of a disagreement involving Romania?

question: Who stopped the trade because of an agreement involving Romania?

question: What regions weren't redrawn in effort to improve relations between Germany and the Soviets?

question: What regions were redrawn in effort to deteriorate relations between Germany and the Soviets?

question: Who ended refining Romanian oil?
context: In August 1940, the Soviet Union briefly suspended its deliveries under their commercial agreement after their relations were strained following disagreement over policy in Romania, the Soviet war with Finland, Germany falling behind in its deliveries of goods under the pact and with Stalin worried that Hitler's war with the West might end quickly after France signed an armistice. The suspension created significant resource problems for Germany. By the end of August, relations improved again as the countries had redrawn the Hungarian and Romanian borders, settled some Bulgarian claims and Stalin was again convinced that Germany would face a long war in the west with Britain's improvement in its air battle with Germany and the execution of an agreement between the United States and Britain regarding destroyers and bases. However, in late August, Germany arranged its own occupation of Romania, targeting oil fields. The move raised tensions with the Soviets, who responded that Germany was supposed to have consulted with the Soviet Union under Article III of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact.

qas: question: What countries agreed to a tripartisan agreement?
answers: text: Germany entered a Tripartite Pact with Japan and Italy

question: Which Foreign Minister proposed that the Soviets should join this agreement of axis powers?
answers: text: Ribbentrop

question: Who would the axis powers oppose in the new agreement?
answers: text: Britain and the USA

question: What countries disagreed to a tripartisan agreement?

question: What countries agreed to a bipartisan agreement?

question: Which Foreign Minister proposed that the Soviets should reject this agreement of axis powers?

question: Which Foreign Minister proposed that the Soviets should join this disagreement of axis powers?

question: Who would the axis powers approve in the new agreement?
context: After Germany entered a Tripartite Pact with Japan and Italy, Ribbentrop wrote to Stalin, inviting Molotov to Berlin for negotiations aimed to create a 'continental bloc' of Germany, Italy, Japan and the USSR that would oppose Britain and the USA. Stalin sent Molotov to Berlin to negotiate the terms for the Soviet Union to join the Axis and potentially enjoy the spoils of the pact. After negotiations during November 1940 on where to extend the USSR's sphere of influence, Hitler broke off talks and continued planning for the eventual attempts to invade the Soviet Union.

qas: question: Who was planning an invasion of the Soviet Union?
answers: text: Hitler

question: Who did the Soviet Union agree to remain neutral with when they signed a treaty on the 13th of April?
answers: text: Japan

question: Why did Stalin sign the pact? 
answers: text: reinforce a public affection for Germany

question: Who wasn't planning an invasion of the Soviet Union?

question: Who was openly planning an invasion of the Soviet Union?

question: Who did the Soviet Union disagree to remain neutral with when they signed a treaty on the 13th of April?

question: Who did the Soviet Union agree to remain neutral with when they rejected a treaty on the 13th of April?

question: Why didn't Stalin sign the pact? 
context: In an effort to demonstrate peaceful intentions toward Germany, on 13 April 1941, the Soviets signed a neutrality pact with Axis power Japan. While Stalin had little faith in Japan's commitment to neutrality, he felt that the pact was important for its political symbolism, to reinforce a public affection for Germany. Stalin felt that there was a growing split in German circles about whether Germany should initiate a war with the Soviet Union. Stalin did not know that Hitler had been secretly discussing an invasion of the Soviet Union since summer 1940, and that Hitler had ordered his military in late 1940 to prepare for war in the east regardless of the parties' talks of a potential Soviet entry as a fourth Axis Power.

qas: question: Where did the German attack on Soviet forces occur?
answers: text: Soviet positions in eastern Poland

question: How many Soviet military members died within the first six months of the war between the two countries?
answers: text: 4.3 million casualties

question: How many Soviet prisoners did german take within the first six months of war between the two countries?
answers: text: three million Soviet prisoners

question: How long did it take to capture regions of the world that were once occupied by soviets once the initial attack occurred?
answers: text: matter of weeks

question: Where did the German attack on Soviet forces not occur?

question: Where did the German attack on British forces occur?

question: How many Soviet military members died within the first nine months of the war between the two countries?

question: How many Soviet prisoners did german take within the first nine months of war between the two countries?

question: How long did it take to capture regions of the world that were once occupied by soviets once the final attack occurred?
context: Nazi Germany terminated the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact at 03:15 on 22 June 1941 by launching a massive attack on the Soviet positions in eastern Poland which marked the beginning of the invasion of the Soviet Union known as Operation Barbarossa. Stalin had ignored several warnings that Germany was likely to invade, and ordered no 'full-scale' mobilization of forces although the mobilization was ongoing. After the launch of the invasion, the territories gained by the Soviet Union as a result of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact were lost in a matter of weeks. Within six months, the Soviet military had suffered 4.3 million casualties, and Germany had captured three million Soviet prisoners. The lucrative export of Soviet raw materials to Nazi Germany over the course of the Nazi–Soviet economic relations (1934–41) continued uninterrupted until the outbreak of hostilities. The Soviet exports in several key areas enabled Germany to maintain its stocks of rubber and grain from the first day of the invasion until October 1941.

qas: question: How many pages of secret documents were microfilmed?
answers: text: 9,800 pages

question: Near the end of the war, where the did some of the german command flee to?
answers: text: Thuringia

question: What did Wendell B. Blancke investigate at the end of the war?
answers: text: Exploitation German Archives

question: Why did Karl von Loesch bury the microfilm?
answers: text: personal insurance for his future well-being

question: Where was Karl von Löesch transferred to after he turned over the documents?
answers: text: the American zone

question: How many pages of public documents were microfilmed?

question: Near the start of the war, where the did some of the german command flee to?

question: What did Wendell B. Blancke investigate at the start of the war?

question: Why did Karl von Loesch destroy the microfilm?

question: Where was Karl von Löesch transferred to after he destoyed over the documents?
context: The German original of the secret protocols was presumably destroyed in the bombing of Germany, but in late 1943, Ribbentrop had ordered that the most secret records of the German Foreign Office from 1933 on, amounting to some 9,800 pages, be microfilmed. When the various departments of the Foreign Office in Berlin were evacuated to Thuringia at the end of the war, Karl von Loesch, a civil servant who had worked for the chief interpreter Paul Otto Schmidt, was entrusted with these microfilm copies. He eventually received orders to destroy the secret documents but decided to bury the metal container with the microfilms as a personal insurance for his future well-being. In May 1945, von Loesch approached the British Lt. Col. Robert C. Thomson with the request to transmit a personal letter to Duncan Sandys, Churchill's son-in-law. In the letter, von Loesch revealed that he had knowledge of the documents' whereabouts but expected preferential treatment in return. Colonel Thomson and his American counterpart Ralph Collins agreed to transfer von Loesch to Marburg in the American zone if he would produce the microfilms. The microfilms contained a copy of the Non-Aggression Treaty as well as the Secret Protocol. Both documents were discovered as part of the microfilmed records in August 1945 by the State Department employee Wendell B. Blancke, head of a special unit called "Exploitation German Archives" (EGA).

qas: question: Who printed the secret German-Soviet treaty in Britain?
answers: text: the Manchester Guardian

question: Which world leader favored the publication of Nazi-Soviet Relations to be printed?
answers: text: President Truman

question: What was the description of the Soviet government in the world press in regards to the treaty and subsequent breaking of the treaty by germany?
answers: text: flat-footed

question: Where was the Foreign Ministers conference held?
answers: text: London

question: Who put the Nazi-Soviet Relations publication together?
answers: text: Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie

question: Who printed the public German-Soviet treaty in Britain?

question: Which world leader hated the publication of Nazi-Soviet Relations to be printed?

question: What wasn't the description of the Soviet government in the world press in regards to the treaty and subsequent breaking of the treaty by germany?

question: Where wasn't the Foreign Ministers conference held?

question: Who destroyed the Nazi-Soviet Relations publication?
context: The treaty was published in the United States for the first time by the St. Louis Post-Dispatch on May 22, 1946, in Britain by the Manchester Guardian. It was also part of an official State Department publication, Nazi–Soviet Relations 1939–1941, edited by Raymond J. Sontag and James S. Beddie in January 1948. The decision to publish the key documents on German–Soviet relations, including the treaty and protocol, had been taken already in spring 1947. Sontag and Beddie prepared the collection throughout the summer of 1947. In November 1947, President Truman personally approved the publication but it was held back in view of the Foreign Ministers Conference in London scheduled for December. Since negotiations at that conference did not prove constructive from an American point of view, the document edition was sent to press. The documents made headlines worldwide. State Department officials counted it as a success: "The Soviet Government was caught flat-footed in what was the first effective blow from our side in a clear-cut propaganda war."

qas: question: What year was Joseph Stalin’s version of the pact published?
answers: text: 1948

question: What was the Soviet response to the Nazi-Soviet Relations publication
answers: text: Falsifiers of History

question: How long did Stalins version of what happened between the Germans and the Soviets last?
answers: text: until the Soviet Union's dissolution

question: What year wasn't Joseph Stalin’s version of the pact published?

question: What year was Joseph Stalin’s version of the pact unpublished?

question: What wasn't the Soviet response to the Nazi-Soviet Relations publication

question: How long didn't Stalins version of what happened between the Germans and the Soviets last?

question: How long did Stalins version of what happened between the British and the Soviets last?
context: In response to the publication of the secret protocols and other secret German–Soviet relations documents in the State Department edition Nazi–Soviet Relations (1948), Stalin published Falsifiers of History, which included the claim that, during the Pact's operation, Stalin rejected Hitler's claim to share in a division of the world, without mentioning the Soviet offer to join the Axis. That version persisted, without exception, in historical studies, official accounts, memoirs and textbooks published in the Soviet Union until the Soviet Union's dissolution.

qas: question: Who created an investigation into whether or not the Soviet-German Pact happened?
answers: text: Mikhail Gorbachev, Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev

question: Which states have argued that the Soviet-German Pact was invalid from the inception?
answers: text: Both successor-states of the pact parties

question: Which government agency received the news that the Soviet-German Pact had existed?
answers: text: Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union

question: Who rejected an investigation into whether or not the Soviet-German Pact happened?

question: Which states have argued that the Soviet-German Pact was valid from the inception?

question: Which states have argued that the Japan-German Pact was invalid from the inception?

question: Which non-government agency received the news that the Soviet-German Pact had existed?

question: Which government agency received the news that the Soviet-German Pact had never existed?
context: For decades, it was the official policy of the Soviet Union to deny the existence of the secret protocol to the Soviet–German Pact. At the behest of Mikhail Gorbachev, Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev headed a commission investigating the existence of such a protocol. In December 1989, the commission concluded that the protocol had existed and revealed its findings to the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union. As a result, the Congress passed the declaration confirming the existence of the secret protocols, condemning and denouncing them. Both successor-states of the pact parties have declared the secret protocols to be invalid from the moment they were signed. The Federal Republic of Germany declared this on September 1, 1989 and the Soviet Union on December 24, 1989, following an examination of the microfilmed copy of the German originals.

qas: question: Who was ordered to remove the Jews from the Ministry?
answers: text: Molotov

question: Who gave the order to remove the Jews from the Ministry?
answers: text: Stalin

question: Who believed that the firing of Litvinov allowed the Soviets to quicker negotiations with Germany?
answers: text: Derek Watson

question: Who believed that the hiring of Molotov would result in a better deal with the western countries?
answers: text: Geoffrey Roberts

question: Who was ordered to keep the Jews from the Ministry?

question: Who gave the order to keep the Jews from the Ministry?

question: Who never gave the order to remove the Jews from the Ministry?

question: Who believed that the hiring of Litvinov allowed the Soviets to quicker negotiations with Germany?

question: Who believed that the firing of Molotov would result in a better deal with the western countries?
context: Regarding the timing of German rapprochement, many historians agree that the dismissal of Maxim Litvinov, whose Jewish ethnicity was viewed unfavorably by Nazi Germany, removed an obstacle to negotiations with Germany. Stalin immediately directed Molotov to "purge the ministry of Jews." Given Litvinov's prior attempts to create an anti-fascist coalition, association with the doctrine of collective security with France and Britain, and pro-Western orientation by the standards of the Kremlin, his dismissal indicated the existence of a Soviet option of rapprochement with Germany.[f] Likewise, Molotov's appointment served as a signal to Germany that the USSR was open to offers. The dismissal also signaled to France and Britain the existence of a potential negotiation option with Germany. One British official wrote that Litvinov's disappearance also meant the loss of an admirable technician or shock-absorber, while Molotov's "modus operandi" was "more truly Bolshevik than diplomatic or cosmopolitan." Carr argued that the Soviet Union's replacement of Foreign Minister Litvinov with Molotov on May 3, 1939 indicated not an irrevocable shift towards alignment with Germany, but rather was Stalin's way of engaging in hard bargaining with the British and the French by appointing a proverbial hard man, namely Molotov, to the Foreign Commissariat. Historian Albert Resis stated that the Litvinov dismissal gave the Soviets freedom to pursue faster-paced German negotiations, but that they did not abandon British–French talks. Derek Watson argued that Molotov could get the best deal with Britain and France because he was not encumbered with the baggage of collective security and could negotiate with Germany. Geoffrey Roberts argued that Litvinov's dismissal helped the Soviets with British–French talks, because Litvinov doubted or maybe even opposed such discussions.

qas: question: Edward Carr believes that in a war between Germany and the Soviet Union, who else would have been participating?
answers: text: the Western Powers would already be involved

question: Who believes that the Soviet Unions was afraid of Germany?
answers: text: Historian Werner Maser

question: The pact according to Edward Carr’s view was to provide what between Germany and the Soviet Union?
answers: text: a line of defense against

question: Edward Carr believes that in a war between Germany and the Soviet Union, who else wouldn't have been participating?

question: Edward Carr doesn't believe that in a war between Germany and the Soviet Union, who else would have been participating?

question: Who never believed that the Soviet Unions were afraid of Germany?

question: Who believes that the Soviet Unions was friends of Germany?

question: The pact according to Edward Carr’s view wasn't to provide what between Germany and the Soviet Union?
context: Edward Hallett Carr, a frequent defender of Soviet policy, stated: "In return for 'non-intervention' Stalin secured a breathing space of immunity from German attack."[page needed] According to Carr, the "bastion" created by means of the Pact, "was and could only be, a line of defense against potential German attack."[page needed] According to Carr, an important advantage was that "if Soviet Russia had eventually to fight Hitler, the Western Powers would already be involved."[page needed] However, during the last decades, this view has been disputed. Historian Werner Maser stated that "the claim that the Soviet Union was at the time threatened by Hitler, as Stalin supposed ... is a legend, to whose creators Stalin himself belonged. In Maser's view, "neither Germany nor Japan were in a situation [of] invading the USSR even with the least perspective  [sic] of success," and this could not have been unknown to Stalin. Carr further stated that, for a long time, the primary motive of Stalin's sudden change of course was assumed to be the fear of German aggressive intentions.

qas: question: Who was skeptical of Stalin’s policies?
answers: text: Viktor Suvorov

question: What is the claim the pact promoted, purported by the The Black Book of Communism?
answers: text: a "conspiracy to conduct war of aggression."

question: Who doesn’t believe that Joseph Stalin had plans to invade Germany?
answers: text: David Glantz

question: Who wasn't skeptical of Stalin’s policies?

question: What isn't the claim the pact promoted, purported by the The Black Book of Communism?

question: What is the claim the pact promoted, purported by the The White Book of Communism?

question: Who believed that Joseph Stalin had plans to invade Germany?

question: Who doesn’t believe that Joseph Stalin had plans to invade France?
context: Some critics of Stalin's policy, such as the popular writer Viktor Suvorov, claim that Stalin's primary motive for signing the Soviet–German non-aggression treaty was his calculation that such a pact could result in a conflict between the capitalist countries of Western Europe.[citation needed] This idea is supported by Albert L. Weeks.[page needed] Claims by Suvorov that Stalin planned to invade Germany in 1941 are debated by historians with, for example, David Glantz opposing such claims, while Mikhail Meltyukhov supports them.[citation needed] The authors of The Black Book of Communism consider the pact a crime against peace and a "conspiracy to conduct war of aggression."