Northwestern_University

qas: question: What was Northwestern's founding purpose in 1851?
answers: text: to serve the Northwest Territory

question: When did instruction begin at Northwestern?
answers: text: 1855

question: When were women first admitted to Northwestern?
answers: text: 1869

question: How many acres is the modern-day Northwestern campus in Evanston?
answers: text: 240

question: What programs are offered at Northwestern's Quatar campus?
answers: text: journalism and communication

question: Which great lake is Northwestern located along?
answers: text: Lake Michigan

question: What is the name of the city located 12 miles north of Northwestern?
answers: text: Chicago

question: Who rejected Northwestern University?

question:  What year was Northwestern destroyed?

question:  In what year did Northwestern University stop teaching?

question: Where did Northwestern University opened an additional campus at in 2007?

question: What year were men allowed to attend Northwestern University?
context: Northwestern was founded in 1851 by John Evans, for whom the City of Evanston is named, and eight other lawyers, businessmen and Methodist leaders. Its founding purpose was to serve the Northwest Territory, an area that today includes the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin and parts of Minnesota. Instruction began in 1855; women were admitted in 1869. Today, the main campus is a 240-acre (97 ha) parcel in Evanston, along the shores of Lake Michigan just 12 miles north of downtown Chicago. The university's law, medical, and professional schools are located on a 25-acre (10 ha) campus in Chicago's Streeterville neighborhood. In 2008, the university opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar with programs in journalism and communication.

qas: question: In what environment was the foundation for Northwestern University planned on May 31, 1850?
answers: text: a meeting

question: Who granted a charter to the Trustees of the North-Western University in January of 1851?
answers: text: the Illinois General Assembly

question: What was the religious affiliation of all 9 founding members of Northwestern?
answers: text: Methodists

question: How many of Northwestern's 9 founders were ministers?
answers: text: three

question: Which church did the 9 founders of Northwestern affiliate the university with?
answers: text: Methodist Episcopal

question: How many sellers did Northwestern University have?

question:  What type of church is Northwestern University unassociated with?

question: What was the date that lay down the foundation for Southwestern University?

question:  How many ministers founded Southwestern University?

question:  What denomination did the all of the founders disassociate with?
context: The foundation of Northwestern University is traceable to a meeting on May 31, 1850 of nine prominent Chicago businessmen, Methodist leaders and attorneys who had formed the idea of establishing a university to serve what had once been known as the Northwest Territory. On January 28, 1851, the Illinois General Assembly granted a charter to the Trustees of the North-Western University, making it the first chartered university in Illinois. The school's nine founders, all of whom were Methodists (three of them ministers), knelt in prayer and worship before launching their first organizational meeting. Although they affiliated the university with the Methodist Episcopal Church, they were committed to non-sectarian admissions, believing that Northwestern should serve all people in the newly developing territory.

qas: question: What was the name of the first building opened in 1855?
answers: text: Old College

question: What did Northwestern sell to raise funds for it's first building?
answers: text: $100 "perpetual scholarships"

question: Who received free tuition after buying the $100 perpetual scholarships?
answers: text: the purchaser and his heirs

question: Who did Northwestern merge with in 1873?
answers: text: Evanston College for Ladies

question: Who was Northwestern's first dean of women?
answers: text: Frances Willard

question:  What was the name of the first building opened in 1955?

question:  What did Southwestern sell to raise funds for it's first building?

question: Who received free tuition after buying the $5600 perpetual scholarships?

question:  Who did Northwestern merge with in 1973?

question:  Who was Northwestern's first dean of men?
context: John Evans, for whom Evanston is named, bought 379 acres (153 ha) of land along Lake Michigan in 1853, and Philo Judson developed plans for what would become the city of Evanston, Illinois. The first building, Old College, opened on November 5, 1855. To raise funds for its construction, Northwestern sold $100 "perpetual scholarships" entitling the purchaser and his heirs to free tuition. Another building, University Hall, was built in 1869 of the same Joliet limestone as the Chicago Water Tower, also built in 1869, one of the few buildings in the heart of Chicago to survive the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. In 1873 the Evanston College for Ladies merged with Northwestern, and Frances Willard, who later gained fame as a suffragette and as one of the founders of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), became the school's first dean of women. Willard Residential College (1938) is named in her honor. Northwestern admitted its first women students in 1869, and the first woman was graduated in 1874.

qas: question: What sports team did Northwestern field its first of in 1882?
answers: text: intercollegiate football

question: Which already existing schools did Northwestern affiliate itself with in the 1870's and 1880's?
answers: text: schools of law, medicine, and dentistry in Chicago

question: What is the oldest law school in Chicago?
answers: text: Northwestern University School of Law

question: What organization invited Northwestern to become a member in 1917?
answers: text: The Association of American Universities

question: What type of member was Northwestern of the Big Ten Conference?
answers: text: a founding member

question:  What sports team did Northwestern field its first of in 1982?

question:  Which already existing schools did Southwestern affiliate itself with in the 1870's and 1880's?

question: What is the youngest law school in Chicago?

question: What type of member was Northwestern of the Big Eight Conference?
context: Northwestern fielded its first intercollegiate football team in 1882, later becoming a founding member of the Big Ten Conference. In the 1870s and 1880s, Northwestern affiliated itself with already existing schools of law, medicine, and dentistry in Chicago. The Northwestern University School of Law is the oldest law school in Chicago. As the university increased in wealth and distinction, and enrollments grew, these professional schools were integrated with the undergraduate college in Evanston; the result was a modern research university combining professional, graduate, and undergraduate programs, which gave equal weight to teaching and research. The Association of American Universities invited Northwestern to become a member in 1917.

qas: question: What type of campus did Northwestern begin construction of during Walter Dill Scott's presidency?
answers: text: integrated

question: What was the orginal name for Northwestern's Ryan Field?
answers: text: Dyche Stadium

question: What merger was proposed and rejected in 1933?
answers: text: Northwestern with the University of Chicago

question: What was Northwestern one of the first six universities in the U.S. to establish in the 1920's?
answers: text: a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC)

question: What first-ever game did Northwestern host in 1939?
answers: text: NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship

question: What type of campus did Northwestern begin construction of during Walter Dill Scott's vice-presidency?

question:  What was the orginal name for Northwestern's Bryan Field?

question:  What merger was proposed and rejected in 1973?

question: What was Northwestern one of the first seven universities in the U.S. to establish in the 1920's?

question:  What second-ever game did Northwestern host in 1939?
context: Under Walter Dill Scott's presidency from 1920 to 1939, Northwestern began construction of an integrated campus in Chicago designed by James Gamble Rogers to house the professional schools; established the Kellogg School of Management; and built several prominent buildings on the Evanston campus, Dyche Stadium (now named Ryan Field) and Deering Library among others. In 1933, a proposal to merge Northwestern with the University of Chicago was considered but rejected. Northwestern was also one of the first six universities in the country to establish a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) in the 1920s. Northwestern played host to the first-ever NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship game in 1939 in the original Patten Gymnasium, which was later demolished and relocated farther north along with the Dearborn Observatory to make room for the Technological Institute.

qas: question: Which war transformed many colleges, including Northwestern?
answers: text: World War II

question: Between 1939 and 1949, how many military officers and personnel were trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses?
answers: text: nearly 50,000

question: Under what Bill did enrollments surge after the war?
answers: text: G.I. Bill

question: What center was founded by Melville J. Herskovits in 1948?
answers: text: Program of African Studies at Northwestern

question: In 1978, what famous attacks occured at Northwestern?
answers: text: first and second Unabomber

question:  Which war transformed many high schools, including Northwestern?

question: Between 1939 and 1949, how many military officers and personnel weren't trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses?

question:  Under what Bill did nonenrollments surge after the war?

question: What center was founded by Melville J. Herskovits in 1978?

question:  In 1938, what famous attacks occured at Northwestern?
context: Like other American research universities, Northwestern was transformed by World War II. Franklyn B. Snyder led the university from 1939 to 1949, when nearly 50,000 military officers and personnel were trained on the Evanston and Chicago campuses. After the war, surging enrollments under the G.I. Bill drove drastic expansion of both campuses. In 1948 prominent anthropologist Melville J. Herskovits founded the Program of African Studies at Northwestern, the first center of its kind at an American academic institution. J. Roscoe Miller's tenure as president from 1949 to 1970 was responsible for the expansion of the Evanston campus, with the construction of the lakefill on Lake Michigan, growth of the faculty and new academic programs, as well as polarizing Vietnam-era student protests. In 1978, the first and second Unabomber attacks occurred at Northwestern University. Relations between Evanston and Northwestern were strained throughout much of the post-war era because of episodes of disruptive student activism, disputes over municipal zoning, building codes, and law enforcement, as well as restrictions on the sale of alcohol near campus until 1972. Northwestern's exemption from state and municipal property tax obligations under its original charter has historically been a source of town and gown tension.

qas: question: In 1999, who uncovered information that exonerated death row inmate Anthony Porter only 2 days before his scheduled death?
answers: text: Northwestern student journalists

question: What Northwestern program is responsible for exonerating more than 10 men?
answers: text: the Innocence Project

question: In 2003, where did Governor George Ryan announce that the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates would be commuted?
answers: text: Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall

question: What was President Arnold R. Weber able to do with Northwestern's finances as the government's support of universities declined in the 70's and 80's?
answers: text: stabilize

question: In 1999, who uncovered information that exonerated death row inmate Anthony Porter only 4 days before his scheduled death?

question: What Northwestern program is responsible for exonerating more than 15 men?

question: In 2003, where did Governor George Ryan announce that the sentences of less than 10 death row inmates would be commuted?

question: What was President Arnold R. Weber able to do with Northwestern's finances as the government's support of universities rose in the 70's and 80's?
context: Though government support for universities declined in the 1970s and 1980s, President Arnold R. Weber was able to stabilize university finances, leading to a revitalization of the campuses. As admissions to colleges and universities grew increasingly competitive in the 1990s and 2000s, President Henry S. Bienen's tenure saw a notable increase in the number and quality of undergraduate applicants, continued expansion of the facilities and faculty, and renewed athletic competitiveness. In 1999, Northwestern student journalists uncovered information exonerating Illinois death row inmate Anthony Porter two days before his scheduled execution, and the Innocence Project has since exonerated 10 more men. On January 11, 2003, in a speech at Northwestern School of Law's Lincoln Hall, then Governor of Illinois George Ryan announced that he would commute the sentences of more than 150 death row inmates.

qas: question: What has been Northwestern's official color since 1892?
answers: text: Purple

question: Why did Northwestern replace it's original official colors of black and gold?
answers: text: too many other universities had used these colors

question: What is the meaning of the Latin phrase on Northwestern's seal?
answers: text: Whatsoever things are true

question: What does the Greek phrase that is inscribed on the pages of an open book on the seal mean?
answers: text: The Word full of grace and truth

question: What color besides purple is often considered an official color of Northwestern?
answers: text: white

question: What has been Northwestern's official color since 1822?

question: Why did Northwestern replace it's original official colors of yellow and gold?

question:  What is the meaning of the French phrase on Northwestern's seal?

question: What does the Greek phrase that is inscribed on the pages of an closed book on the seal mean?

question: What color besides blue is often considered an official color of Northwestern?
context: The Latin phrase on Northwestern's seal, Quaecumque sunt vera (Whatsoever things are true) is drawn from the Epistle of Paul to the Philippians 4:8, while the Greek phrase inscribed on the pages of an open book is taken from the Gospel of John 1:14: ο λόγος πλήρης χάριτος και αληθείας (The Word full of grace and truth). Purple became Northwestern's official color in 1892, replacing black and gold after a university committee concluded that too many other universities had used these colors. Today, Northwestern's official color is purple, although white is something of an official color as well, being mentioned in both the university's earliest song, Alma Mater (1907) ("Hail to purple, hail to white") and in many university guidelines.

qas: question: How did Northwestern create 84 additional acres in the 1960's?
answers: text: by means of a lakefill in Lake Michigan

question: Which campus holds the undergraduate schools, the Graduate school, and the Kellogg school of Management?
answers: text: Evanston

question: What is noticably different between Northwestern's North and South Campuses?
answers: text: atmospheres

question: Which campus is home to the fraternity quads?
answers: text: North Campus

question: Which campus is home to the music and art buildings?
answers: text: South Campus

question: How did Northwestern create 84 additional acres in the 1930's?

question:  Which campus holds the undergraduate schools, the Graduate school, and the Rice Krispie school of Management?

question: What is noticably similar between Northwestern's North and South Campuses?

question:  Which campus is not home to the fraternity quads?

question:  Which campus is not home to the music and art buildings?
context: Northwestern's Evanston campus, where the undergraduate schools, the Graduate School, and the Kellogg School of Management are located, runs north-south from Lincoln Avenue to Clark Street west of Lake Michigan along Sheridan Road. North and South Campuses have noticeably different atmospheres, owing to the predominance of Science and Athletics in the one and Humanities and Arts in the other. North Campus is home to the fraternity quads, the Henry Crown Sports Pavilion and Norris Aquatics Center and other athletic facilities, the Technological Institute, Dearborn Observatory, and other science-related buildings including Patrick G. and Shirley W. Ryan Hall for Nanofabrication and Molecular Self-Assembly, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center. South Campus is home to the University's humanities buildings, Pick-Staiger Concert Hall and other music buildings, the Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art, and the sorority quads. In the 1960s, the University created an additional 84 acres (34.0 ha) by means of a lakefill in Lake Michigan. Among some of the buildings located on these broad new acres are University Library, Norris University Center (the student union), and Pick-Staiger Concert Hall.

qas: question: What is the name of the Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train through Evanston?
answers: text: the Purple Line

question: What was Chicago's Purple Line train route named after?
answers: text: Northwestern's school color

question: Which train stations are within walking distance of the southern end of campus?
answers: text: Foster and Davis

question: Which train station is close to the northern end of campus?
answers: text: Noyes

question: What is the name of Northwestern's football stadium?
answers: text: Ryan Field

question: What is the name of the Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train through Central?

question:  What was Chicago's Blue Line train route named after?

question:  Which train stations are within driving distance of the southern end of campus?

question:  Which train station is close to the southern end of campus?

question:  What is the name of Northwestern's soccer stadium?
context: The Chicago Transit Authority's elevated train running through Evanston is called the Purple Line, taking its name from Northwestern's school color. The Foster and Davis stations are within walking distance of the southern end of the campus, while the Noyes station is close to the northern end of the campus. The Central station is close to Ryan Field, Northwestern's football stadium. The Evanston Davis Street Metra station serves the Northwestern campus in downtown Evanston and the Evanston Central Street Metra station is near Ryan Field. Pace Suburban Bus Service and the CTA have several bus routes that run through or near the Evanston campus.

qas: question: In 1920, how many acres were purchased for $8 million for a new central Chicago campus?
answers: text: 8.5

question: What style did architect James Gamble Rogers use for the principal buildings on the new Chicago campus?
answers: text: collegiate gothic

question: Who donated $8 million in 1923 for the construction of the Montgomery Ward Memorial Building?
answers: text: Mrs. Montgomery Ward

question: What two schools were housed in the Montgomery Ward Memorial Building?
answers: text: medical and dental

question: Which building became the first university skyscraper in the U.S.?
answers: text: Montgomery Ward Memorial Building

question: In 1920, how many acres were purchased for $10 million for a new central Chicago campus?

question:  What style did architect James Gamble Rogers use for the principal buildings on the new LSD campus?

question: Who donated $10 million in 1923 for the construction of the Montgomery Ward Memorial Building?

question:  What was the third schools were housed in the Montgomery Ward Memorial Building?

question:  Which building became the second university skyscraper in the U.S.?
context: Founded at various times in the university's history, the professional schools originally were scattered throughout Chicago. In connection with a 1917 master plan for a central Chicago campus and President Walter Dill Scott's capital campaign, 8.5 acres (3.44 ha) of land were purchased at the corner of Chicago Avenue and Lake Shore Drive for $1.5 million in 1920. The architect James Gamble Rogers was commissioned to create a master plan for the principal buildings on the new campus which he designed in collegiate gothic style. In 1923, Mrs. Montgomery Ward donated $8 million to the campaign to finance the construction of the Montgomery Ward Memorial Building which would house the medical and dental schools and to create endowments for faculty chairs, research grants, scholarships, and building maintenance. The building would become the first university skyscraper in the United States. In addition to the Ward Building, Rogers designed Wieboldt Hall to house facilities for the School of Commerce and Levy Mayer Hall to house the School of Law. The new campus comprising these three new buildings was dedicated during a two-day ceremony in June 1927. The Chicago campus continued to expand with the addition of Thorne Hall in 1931 and Abbott Hall in 1939. In October 2013, Northwestern began the demolition of the architecturally significant Prentice Women's Hospital. Eric G. Neilson, dean of the medical school, penned an op-ed that equated retaining the building with loss of life.

qas: question: What branch did Northwestern open in Education City, Doha, Qatar?
answers: text: NU-Q

question: What bachelor's degree is offered at NU-Q through the Medill School of Journalism?
answers: text: journalism

question: Who provided the funding for the construction and administrative costs for NU-Q?
answers: text: The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development

question: How long is the NU-Q branch of Northwestern scheduled to operate through an agreement in 2016?
answers: text: through the 2027-2028 academic year

question: What bachelor's degree is offered at NU-Q through the School of Communication?
answers: text: journalism

question: What branch did Southwestern open in Education City, Doha, Qatar?

question: What non-bachelor's degree is offered at NU-Q through the Medill School of Journalism?

question: Who provided the funding for the construction and administrative costs for NI-Q?

question: How long is the NU-Q branch of Northwestern scheduled to operate through an agreement in 2006?

question: What bachelor's degree is offered at NI-Q through the School of Communication?
context: In Fall 2008, Northwestern opened a campus in Education City, Doha, Qatar, joining five other American universities: Carnegie Mellon University, Cornell University, Georgetown University, Texas A&M University, and Virginia Commonwealth University. Through the Medill School of Journalism and School of Communication, NU-Q offers bachelor's degrees in journalism and communication respectively. The Qatar Foundation for Education, Science and Community Development provided funding for construction and administrative costs as well as support to hire 50 to 60 faculty and staff, some of whom rotate between the Evanston and Qatar campuses. In February 2016, Northwestern reached an agreement with the Qatar Foundation to extend the operations of the NU-Q branch for an additional decade, through the 2027-2028 academic year.

qas: question: In 2009, who named Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing renewable energy?
answers: text: Green Power Partnership

question: How much of the university's total annual electric bill is represented by the green power commitment?
answers: text: 30 percent

question: What grade was given to Northwestern on the 2010 College Sustainability Report Card  by The Sustainable Endowments Institute?
answers: text: B-

question: Which EPA club is Northwestern University included in?
answers: text: Green Power Leadership Club

question: Who sponsored the Green Power Partnership?
answers: text: the EPA

question: In 2009, who named Northwestern as one of the top 5 universities in the country in purchasing renewable energy?

question: How much of the university's total annual electric bill is represented by the red power commitment?

question:  What grade was given to Northwestern on the 2011 College Sustainability Report Card by The Sustainable Endowments Institute?

question:  Which IPA club is Northwestern University included in?

question:  Who sponsored the Red Power Partnership?
context: In January 2009, the Green Power Partnership (GPP, sponsored by the EPA) listed Northwestern as one of the top 10 universities in the country in purchasing energy from renewable sources. The university matches 74 million kilowatt hours (kWh) of its annual energy use with Green-e Certified Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). This green power commitment represents 30 percent of the university's total annual electricity use and places Northwestern in the EPA's Green Power Leadership Club. The 2010 Report by The Sustainable Endowments Institute awarded Northwestern a "B-" on its College Sustainability Report Card. The Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern (ISEN), supporting research, teaching and outreach in these themes, was launched in 2008.

qas: question: What is the required certification for all Northwestern buildings?
answers: text: LEED

question: What percentage of improvement over energy code requirements will be the goal of all new construction and renovations?
answers: text: at least a 20%

question: What does the Evanston Campus Framework Plan outline?
answers: text: future development of the Evanston Campus

question: How many tons of waste are recycled at Northwestern yearly?
answers: text: 1,500

question: How is all university landscape waste used?
answers: text: composted

question: What is the required certification for all Southwestern buildings?

question: What percentage of improvement over energy code requirements will be the goal of all old construction and renovations?

question:  What doesn't the Evanston Campus Framework Plan outline?

question:  How many gallons of waste are recycled at Northwestern yearly?

question: How is no university landscape waste used?
context: Northwestern requires that all new buildings be LEED-certified. Silverman Hall on the Evanston campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2010; Wieboldt Hall on the Chicago campus was awarded Gold LEED Certification in 2007, and the Ford Motor Company Engineering Design Center on the Evanston campus was awarded Silver LEED Certification in 2006. New construction and renovation projects will be designed to provide at least a 20% improvement over energy code requirements where technically feasible. The university also released at the beginning of the 2008–09 academic year the Evanston Campus Framework Plan, which outlines plans for future development of the Evanston Campus. The plan not only emphasizes the sustainable construction of buildings, but also discusses improving transportation by optimizing pedestrian and bicycle access. Northwestern has had a comprehensive recycling program in place since 1990. Annually more than 1,500 tons are recycled at Northwestern, which represents 30% of the waste produced on campus. Additionally, all landscape waste at the university is composted.

qas: question: Who governs Northwestern?
answers: text: an appointed Board of Trustees

question: How many members are on Northwestern's Board of Trustees?
answers: text: 70

question: Who does the Board of Trustees delegate it's power to?
answers: text: an elected president

question: How many presidents, excluding interrims, has Northwestern had?
answers: text: sixteen

question: Who has a staff of vice-presidents, directors, and other administrative assistants?
answers: text: the president

question: Who governs Southwestern?

question:  How many members are on Southwestern's Board of Trustees?

question: Who doesn't the Board of Trustees delegate it's power to?

question:  How many presidents, excluding interrims, has Southwestern had?

question: Who doesn't have a staff of vice-presidents, directors, and other administrative assistants?
context: Northwestern is privately owned and is governed by an appointed Board of Trustees. The board, composed of 70 members and as of 2011[update] chaired by William A. Osborn '69, delegates its power to an elected president to serve as the chief executive officer of the university. Northwestern has had sixteen presidents in its history (excluding interim presidents), the current president, Morton O. Schapiro, an economist, having succeeded Henry Bienen whose 14-year tenure ended on August 31, 2009. The president has a staff of vice presidents, directors, and other assistants for administrative, financial, faculty, and student matters. Daniel I. Linzer, provost since September 2007, serves under the president as the chief academic officer of the university to whom the deans of every academic school, leaders of cross-disciplinary units, and chairs of the standing faculty committee report.

qas: question: How many undergraduate programs are offered by Northwestern?
answers: text: 124

question: How many graduate and professional programs are offered by Northwestern?
answers: text: 145

question: How many master's degrees did Northwestern confer during the 2012-2013 school term?
answers: text: 3,272

question: How many doctoral degrees did Northwestern confer during the 2012-2013 school term?
answers: text: 565

question: How many bachelor's degrees did Northwestern confer during the 2012-2013 school term?
answers: text: 2,190

question: How many undergraduate programs are offered by Southwestern?

question: How many graduate and professional programs are offered by Southwestern?

question: How many master's degrees did Northwestern confer during the 2013-2014 school term?

question: How many doctoral degrees did Northwestern confer during the 2014-2015 school term?

question:  How many bachelor's degrees did Southwestern confer during the 2012-2013 school term?
context: Northwestern is a large, residential research university. Accredited by the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and the respective national professional organizations for chemistry, psychology, business, education, journalism, music, engineering, law, and medicine, the university offers 124 undergraduate programs and 145 graduate and professional programs. Northwestern conferred 2,190 bachelor's degrees, 3,272 master's degrees, 565 doctoral degrees, and 444 professional degrees in 2012–2013.

qas: question: Which 4-year program comprises the majority of enrollments at Northwestern?
answers: text: full-time undergraduate

question: Who sets individual degree requirements at Northwestern?
answers: text: the faculty of each school

question: How many quarters are undergraduates required to complete on campus to graduate?
answers: text: at least twelve

question: How many courses do undergrads typically take each quarter?
answers: text: four

question: How many weeks is one academic quarter at Northwestern?
answers: text: approximately 10

question: Which 4-year program comprises the minority of enrollments at Northwestern?

question:  Who sets non-individual degree requirements at Northwestern?

question:  How many halves are undergraduates required to complete on campus to graduate?

question:  How many courses do undergrads typically take each semester?

question:  How many months is one academic quarter at Northwestern?
context: The four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises the majority of enrollments at the university and emphasizes instruction in the arts and sciences, plus the professions of engineering, journalism, communication, music, and education. Although a foundation in the liberal arts and sciences is required in all majors, there is no required common core curriculum; individual degree requirements are set by the faculty of each school. Northwestern's full-time undergraduate and graduate programs operate on an approximately 10-week academic quarter system with the academic year beginning in late September and ending in early June. Undergraduates typically take four courses each quarter and twelve courses in an academic year and are required to complete at least twelve quarters on campus to graduate. Northwestern offers honors, accelerated, and joint degree programs in medicine, science, mathematics, engineering, and journalism. The comprehensive doctoral graduate program has high coexistence with undergraduate programs.

qas: question: What was the total undergrad tuition for the 2012/2013 school year?
answers: text: $61,240

question: On what basis does Northwestern award financial aid?
answers: text: need

question: What percentage of the June 2010 graduates received federal or private loans?
answers: text: Approximately 44

question: What was the average debt for the June 2010 graduates?
answers: text: $17,200

question: How much financial aid did Northwestern process for the 2009-2010 academic year?
answers: text: in excess of $472 million

question: What was the total undergrad tuition for the 2015/2016 school year?

question:  On what basis does Southwestern award financial aid?

question: What percentage of the June 2011 graduates received federal or private loans?

question: How much financial aid did Northwestern process for the 2019-2011 academic year?
context: Undergraduate tuition for the 2012/13 school year was $61,240; this includes the basic tuition of $43,380, fees (health $200, etc.), room and board of $13,329 (less if commuting), books and supplies $1,842, personal expenses $1,890, transportation cost of $400. Northwestern awards financial aid solely on the basis of need through loans, work-study, grants, and scholarships. The University processed in excess of $472 million in financial aid for the 2009–2010 academic year. This included $265 million in institutional funds, with the remainder coming from federal and state governments and private organizations and individuals. Northwestern scholarship programs for undergraduate students support needy students from a variety of income and backgrounds. Approximately 44 percent of the June 2010 graduates had received federal and/or private loans for their undergraduate education, graduating with an average debt of $17,200.

qas: question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 40.6% of undergraduates enroll in?
answers: text: Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences

question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 21.3% of undergraduates enroll in?
answers: text: McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science

question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 14.3% of undergraduates enroll in?
answers: text: School of Communication

question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 11.7% of undergraduates enroll in?
answers: text: Medill School of Journalism

question: In the fall of 2014, which school did 5.7% of undergraduates enroll in?
answers: text: Bienen School of Music

question: In the fall of 2012, which school did 40.6% of undergraduates enroll in?

question: In the fall of 2011, which school did 21.3% of undergraduates enroll in?

question: In the fall of 2013, which school did 14.3% of undergraduates enroll in?

question: In the fall of 2015, which school did 11.7% of undergraduates enroll in?

question:  In the fall of 2024, which school did 5.7% of undergraduates enroll in?
context: In the fall of 2014, among the six undergraduate schools, 40.6% of undergraduate students are enrolled in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, 21.3% in the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, 14.3% in the School of Communication, 11.7% in the Medill School of Journalism, 5.7% in the Bienen School of Music, and 6.4% in the School of Education and Social Policy. The five most commonly awarded undergraduate degrees are in economics, journalism, communication studies, psychology, and political science. While professional students are affiliated with their respective schools, the School of Professional Studies offers master's and bachelor's degree, and certificate programs tailored to the professional studies. With 2,446 students enrolled in science, engineering, and health fields, the largest graduate programs by enrollment include chemistry, integrated biology, material sciences, electrical and computer engineering, neuroscience, and economics. The Kellogg School of Management's MBA, the School of Law's JD, and the Feinberg School of Medicine's MD are the three largest professional degree programs by enrollment.

qas: question: How selective are admissions at Northwestern characterized by U.S. News & World Report?
answers: text: most selective

question: What percentage of applications were admitted for the undergraduate class entering in 2016?
answers: text: 10.7%

question: What percentage of freshman students enrolling in the class of 2019 ranked in the top 10% of their high school class?
answers: text: 91%

question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for critical reading?
answers: text: 690–760

question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for math?
answers: text: 710-800

question: How selective are admissions at Southwestern characterized by U.S. News & World Report?

question: What percentage of applications were admitted for the undergraduate class entering in 2017?

question: What percentage of freshman students enrolling in the class of 2009 ranked in the top 11% of their high school class?

question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2019, what was the interquartile range on the ACT for critical reading?

question: For freshman enrolling in the class of 2017, what was the interquartile range on the SAT for math?
context: Admissions are characterized as "most selective" by U.S. News & World Report. There were 35,099 applications for the undergraduate class of 2020 (entering 2016), and 3,751 (10.7%) were admitted, making Northwestern one of the most selective schools in the United States. For freshmen enrolling in the class of 2019, the interquartile range (middle 50%) on the SAT was 690–760 for critical reading and 710-800 for math, ACT composite scores for the middle 50% ranged from 31–34, and 91% ranked in the top ten percent of their high school class.

qas: question: What City College initiative did Northwestern announce signing on with in 2016?
answers: text: the Chicago Star Partnership

question: Who encouraged local universities to increase opportunities for students in the public school districts?
answers: text: Mayor Rahm Emanuel

question: Through the Chicago Star Partnership, what is provided to students from Chicago public schools that meet further educational criteria?
answers: text: scholarships

question: Which mayor influenced the Chicago Star Partnership?
answers: text: Rahm Emanuel

question: What City College initiative did Southwestern announce signing on with in 2016?

question:  Who encouraged local universities to decrease opportunities for students in the public school districts?

question:  Through the Chicago Star Partnership, what is provided to students from Chicago private schools that meet further educational criteria?

question:  Which mayor influenced the Illinois Star Partnership?
context: In April 2016, Northwestern announced that it signed on to the Chicago Star Partnership, a City Colleges initiative. Through this partnership, Northwestern is one of 15 Illinois public and private universities that will "provide scholarships to students who graduate from Chicago Public Schools, get their associate degree from one of the city's community colleges, and then get admitted to a bachelor's degree program." The partnership was influenced by Mayor Rahm Emanuel, who encouraged local universities to increase opportunities for students in the public school district. The University of Chicago, Northeastern Illinois University, the School of the Art Institute, DePaul University and Loyola University are also part of the Star Scholars partnership.

qas: question: How many libraries are on the Evanston campus?
answers: text: four

question: How many volumes does the University Library contain?
answers: text: over 4.9 million

question: How does the University Library rank among North American university libraries?
answers: text: the 30th-largest

question: What does the Google Book Search project help libraries with?
answers: text: digitizing its collections

question: What is the largest African collection in the world that is part of the Northwesern library system?
answers: text: Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies

question: How many libraries are on the Illinois campus?

question: How many volumes does the College Library contain?

question: How does the University Library rank among South American university libraries?

question:  What does the Amazon Book Search project help libraries with?

question: What is the largest African collection in the world that is part of the Southwesern library system?
context: The Northwestern library system consists of four libraries on the Evanston campus including the present main library, University Library and the original library building, Deering Library; three libraries on the Chicago campus; and the library affiliated with Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary. The University Library contains over 4.9 million volumes, 4.6 million microforms, and almost 99,000 periodicals making it (by volume) the 30th-largest university library in North America and the 10th-largest library among private universities. Notable collections in the library system include the Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, the largest Africana collection in the world, an extensive collection of early edition printed music and manuscripts as well as late-modern works, and an art collection noted for its 19th and 20th-century Western art and architecture periodicals. The library system participates with 15 other universities in digitizing its collections as a part of the Google Book Search project. The Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art is a major art museum in Chicago, containing more than 4,000 works in its permanent collection as well as dedicating a third of its space to temporary and traveling exhibitions.

qas: question: When was Northwestern elected to the Association of American Universities?
answers: text: 1917

question: Which of Northwestern's schools are among the most academically productive in the nation?
answers: text: management, engineering, and communication

question: In 2014, how much research funding did Northwestern receive?
answers: text: $550 million

question: Who discovered the drug that was ultimately marketed as Lyrica?
answers: text: chemistry professor Richard Silverman

question: How many companies were started through Northwestern's Innovations and New Ventures Office?
answers: text: 12

question: When was Southwestern elected to the Association of American Universities?

question: Which of Southwestern's schools are among the most academically productive in the nation?

question:  In 2012, how much research funding did Northwestern receive?

question:  Who discovered the drug that was never marketed as Lyrica?

question: How many companies were started through Southwestern's Innovations and New Ventures Office?
context: Northwestern was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1917 and remains a research university with "very high" research activity. Northwestern's schools of management, engineering, and communication are among the most academically productive in the nation. Northwestern received $550 million in research funding in 2014. Northwestern supports nearly 1,500 research laboratories across two campuses, predominately in the medical and biological sciences. Through the Innovation and New Ventures Office (INVO), Northwestern researchers disclosed 247 inventions, filed 270 patents applications, received 81 foreign and US patents, started 12 companies, and generated $79.8 million in licensing revenue in 2013. The bulk of revenue has come from a patent on pregabalin, a synthesized organic molecule discovered by chemistry professor Richard Silverman, which ultimately was marketed as Lyrica, a drug sold by Pfizer, to combat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia. INVO has been involved in creating a number of centers, including the Center for Developmental Therapeutics (CDT) and the Center for Device Development (CD2). It has also helped form over 50 Northwestern startup companies based on Northwestern technologies.

qas: question: Where is the home of the Center for Catalysis and Surface Science?
answers: text: Northwestern

question: Where is the home of the International Institute for Nanotechnology?
answers: text: Northwestern

question: Where is the home of the Materials Research Center?
answers: text: Northwestern

question: Where is the home for the Institute for Policy Research?
answers: text: Northwestern

question: Where is the home of the Buffet Center for International and Comparative Studies?
answers: text: Northwestern

question: Where isn't the home of the Center for Catalysis and Surface Science?

question: Where is the home of the National Institute for Nanotechnology?

question:  Where is the home of the Non-Materials Research Center?

question:  Where is the home for the Institute for Non-Policy Research?

question: Where is the home of the Buffet Center for National and Comparative Studies?
context: Northwestern is home to the Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics, Northwestern Institute for Complex Systems, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, Materials Research Center, Institute for Policy Research, International Institute for Nanotechnology, Center for Catalysis and Surface Science, Buffet Center for International and Comparative Studies, the Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern and the Argonne/Northwestern Solar Energy Research Center and other centers for interdisciplinary research.

qas: question: How much money has the traditional Northwestern Dance Marathon raised for children's charities?
answers: text: more than 13 million dollars

question: What do students do during the traditional Primal Scream event held before finals week every quarter?
answers: text: scream

question: What is the popular name for Northwestern's traditional Armadillo Day?
answers: text: Dillo Day

question: When is Armadillo Day held every year?
answers: text: on the weekend after Memorial Day

question: What name is freshman orientation known as?
answers: text: Wildcat Welcome

question: How much money has the traditional Southwestern Dance Marathon raised for children's charities?

question: What do students do during the traditional Primal Scream event held before finals week every year?

question:  What is the popular name for Southwestern's traditional Armadillo Day?

question:  What name is sophomore orientation known as?
context: The undergraduates have a number of traditions: Painting The Rock (originally a fountain donated by the Class of 1902) is a way to advertise, for example, campus organizations, events in Greek life, student groups, and university-wide events. Dance Marathon, a 30-hour philanthropic event, has raised more than 13 million dollars in its history for various children's charities. Primal Scream is held at 9 p.m. on the Sunday before finals week every quarter; students lean out of windows or gather in courtyards and scream. Armadillo Day, or, more popularly, Dillo Day, a day of music and food, is held on Northwestern's Lakefill every Spring on the weekend after Memorial Day. And in one of the University's newer traditions, every year during freshman orientation, known as Wildcat Welcome, freshmen and transfer students pass through Weber Arch to the loud huzzahs of upperclassmen and the music of the University Marching Band.

qas: question: What do students traditionally do at the beginning of each football game kickoff?
answers: text: jingle keys

question: What football game tradition has since been discontinued?
answers: text: students would throw marshmallows during games

question: What color does the Clock Tower glow after a winning football game?
answers: text: purple

question: What noise do students make when the opposing team has control of the football?
answers: text: growl

question: How long does the Clock Tower remain purple after a winning game?
answers: text: until a loss or until the end of the sports season

question: What do students traditionally do at the beginning of each soccer game kickoff?

question:  What soccer game tradition has since been discontinued?

question: What color does the Clock Tower glow after a winning soccer game?

question: What noise do students make when the opposing team has control of the soccer?

question: How long does the Clock Tower remain white after a winning game?
context: There are traditions long associated with football games. Students growl like wildcats when the opposing team controls the ball, while simulating a paw with their hands. They will also jingle keys at the beginning of each kickoff. In the past, before the tradition was discontinued, students would throw marshmallows during games. The Clock Tower at the Rebecca Crown Center glows purple, instead of its usual white, after a winning game, thereby proclaiming the happy news. The Clock Tower remains purple until a loss or until the end of the sports season. Whereas formerly the Clock Tower was lighted only for football victories, wins for men's basketball and women's lacrosse now merit commemoration as well; important victories in other sports may also prompt an empurpling.

qas: question: What are the two most notable productions each year at Northwestern?
answers: text: the Waa-Mu show, and the Dolphin show

question: Who is the Waa-Muu show primarily written and produced by?
answers: text: students

question: What does StuCo stand for?
answers: text: Student Theatre Coalition

question: How many student theatre companies does StuCo organize?
answers: text: nine

question: Which theater company was founded by several Northwestern alumni in 1988?
answers: text: Chicago's Lookingglass

question: What are the two most notable productions each year at Southwestern?

question:  Who is the Waa-Muu show primarily sung by?

question:  What does StuPo stand for?

question:  How many student theatre companies does StuDo organize?

question: Which theater company was founded by several Southwestern alumni in 1988?
context: Two annual productions are especially notable: the Waa-Mu show, and the Dolphin show. Waa-Mu is an original musical, written and produced almost entirely by students. Children's theater is represented on campus by Griffin's Tale and Purple Crayon Players. Its umbrella organization—the Student Theatre Coalition, or StuCo, organizes nine student theatre companies, multiple performance groups and more than sixty independent productions each year. Many Northwestern alumni have used these productions as stepping stones to successful television and film careers. Chicago's Lookingglass Theatre Company, for example, which began life in the Great Room in Jones Residential College, was founded in 1988 by several alumni, including David Schwimmer; in 2011, it won the Regional Tony Award.

qas: question: What 30 hour event raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011?
answers: text: Dance Marathon

question: What is the name of the Halloween celebration to which over 800 local children are invited?
answers: text: Project Pumpkin

question: What is the name of the Northwestern program for students interested in community service?
answers: text: Freshman Urban Program

question: What is the name of the university's group service-learning expedition in Asia, Africa or Latin America?
answers: text: Global Engagement Summer Institute

question: What does NCDC stand for?
answers: text: Northwestern Community Development Corps

question: What 24 hour event raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011?

question: What is the name of the Halloween celebration to which over 700 local children are invited?

question: What is the name of the Northwestern program for teachers interested in community service?

question:  What is the name of the university's group service-learning expedition in Australia?

question:  What does ICDC stand for?
context: Many students are involved in community service in one form or another. Annual events include Dance Marathon, a thirty-hour event that raised more than a million dollars for charity in 2011; and Project Pumpkin, a Halloween celebration hosted by the Northwestern Community Development Corps (NCDC) to which more than 800 local children are invited for an afternoon of games and sweets. NCDC's work is to connect hundreds of student volunteers to some twenty volunteer sites in Evanston and Chicago throughout the year. Many students have assisted with the Special Olympics and have taken alternative spring break trips to hundreds of service sites across the United States. Northwestern students also participate in the Freshman Urban Program, a program for students interested in community service. A large and growing number of students participate in the university's Global Engagement Summer Institute (GESI), a group service-learning expedition in Asia, Africa, or Latin America, in conjunction with the Foundation for Sustainable Development. Several internationally recognized non-profit organizations have originated at Northwestern including the World Health Imaging, Informatics and Telemedicine Alliance, a spin-off from an engineering student's honors thesis.

qas: question: What percentage of undergraduates were affiliated with a fraternity or sorority in Winter 2013?
answers: text: 39%

question: How many fraternities does Northwestern recognize?
answers: text: 21

question: How many sororities does Northwestern recognize?
answers: text: 18

question: What is the name of the Residential College that houses students with an interest in science and engineering?
answers: text: Slivka

question: Which dorms are commonly referred to as Plex?
answers: text: Foster-Walker complex

question: What percentage of undergraduates were affiliated with a fraternity or sorority in Winter 2011?

question:  How many fraternities does Southwestern recognize?

question: How many sororities does Southwestern recognize?

question: What is the name of the Residential College that houses students with an interest in English?

question:  Which dorms are commonly referred to as Flex?
context: Northwestern has several housing options, including both traditional residence halls and residential colleges which gather together students who have a particular intellectual interest in common. Among the residential colleges are the Residential College of Cultural and Community Studies (CCS), Ayers College of Commerce and Industry, Jones Residential College (Arts), and Slivka Residential College (Science and Engineering). Dorms include 1835 Hinman, Bobb-McCulloch, Foster-Walker complex (commonly referred to as Plex), and several more. In Winter 2013, 39% of undergraduates were affiliated with a fraternity or sorority. Northwestern recognizes 21 fraternities and 18 sororities.

qas: question: What is the name of Northwestern's main student newspaper?
answers: text: The Daily Northwestern

question: Who is The Daily Northwestern entirely directed by?
answers: text: undergraduates

question: Who owns The Daily Northwestern?
answers: text: the Students Publishing Company

question: What is the name of Northwestern's undergraduate yearbook?
answers: text: Syllabus

question: What undergraduate satirical magazine was founded in 2009?
answers: text: Northwestern Flipside

question:  What is the name of Southwestern's main student newspaper?

question:  Who is The Daily Southwestern entirely directed by?

question:  Who owns The Daily Southwestern?

question:  What is the name of Southwestern's undergraduate yearbook?

question:  What undergraduate satirical magazine was founded in 2007?
context: The Daily Northwestern is the main student newspaper. Established in 1881, and published on weekdays during the academic year, it is directed entirely by undergraduates. Although it serves the Northwestern community, the Daily has no business ties to the university, being supported wholly by advertisers. It is owned by the Students Publishing Company. North by Northwestern is an online undergraduate magazine, having been established in September 2006 by students at the Medill School of Journalism. Published on weekdays, it consists of updates on news stories and special events inserted throughout the day and on weekends. North by Northwestern also publishes a quarterly print magazine. Syllabus is the undergraduate yearbook. First published in 1885, the yearbook is an epitome of that year's events at Northwestern. Published by Students Publishing Company and edited by Northwestern students, it is distributed in late May. Northwestern Flipside is an undergraduate satirical magazine. Founded in 2009, The Flipside publishes a weekly issue both in print and online. Helicon is the university's undergraduate literary magazine. Started in 1979, it is published twice a year, a web issue in the Winter, and a print issue with a web complement in the Spring. The Protest is Northwestern's quarterly social justice magazine. The Northwestern division of Student Multicultural Affairs also supports publications such as NUAsian, a magazine and blog about Asian and Asian-American culture and the issues facing Asians and Asian-Americans, Ahora, a magazine about Hispanic and Latino/a culture and campus life, BlackBoard Magazine about African-American life, and Al Bayan published by the Northwestern Muslim-cultural Student Association.

qas: question: What is the name of the scholarly legal publication at Northwestern School of Law?
answers: text: The Northwestern University Law Review

question: What type of journal does the Law Review strive to publish?
answers: text: a journal of broad legal scholarship

question: How many issues does the Law Review publish each year?
answers: text: four

question: Who publishes the Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property?
answers: text: an independent student organization at Northwestern University School of Law

question: Who makes the editorial decisions for The Northwestern University Law Review?
answers: text: Student editors

question: What is the name of the scholarly legal publication at Southwestern School of Law?

question:  What type of songs do the Law Review strive to publish?

question:  How many songs does the Law Review publish each year?

question: Who publishes the Southwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property?
context: The Northwestern University Law Review is a scholarly legal publication and student organization at Northwestern University School of Law. The Law Review's primary purpose is to publish a journal of broad legal scholarship. The Law Review publishes four issues each year. Student editors make the editorial and organizational decisions and select articles submitted by professors, judges, and practitioners, as well as student pieces. The Law Review recently extended its presence onto the web, and now publishes scholarly pieces weekly on the Colloquy. The Northwestern Journal of Technology and Intellectual Property is a law review published by an independent student organization at Northwestern University School of Law. Its Bluebook abbreviation is Nw. J. Tech. & Intell. Prop. The current editor-in-chief is Aisha Lavinier.

qas: question: What journal was founded in 2008 that features articles by professors and law students?
answers: text: The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review

question: Who funds The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?
answers: text: Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost

question: How often is The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review published?
answers: text: annually

question: Who publishes The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?
answers: text: an editorial board of Northwestern University undergraduates

question: What journal was founded in 2018 that features articles by professors and law students?

question: Who funds The Southwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?

question: How often is The Southwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review published?

question:  Who publishes The Southwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review?
context: The Northwestern Interdisciplinary Law Review is a scholarly legal publication published annually by an editorial board of Northwestern University undergraduates. The journal's mission is to publish interdisciplinary legal research, drawing from fields such as history, literature, economics, philosophy, and art. Founded in 2008, the journal features articles by professors, law students, practitioners, and undergraduates. The journal is funded by the Buffett Center for International and Comparative Studies and the Office of the Provost.

qas: question: What is the name Northwestern's humor website formed in 2011?
answers: text: Sherman Ave

question: What do many of the writers staffed by Sherman Ave write under?
answers: text: pseudonyms

question: Which website publishes the well known "Freshman Guide"?
answers: text: Sherman Ave

question: What is the name Northwestern's humor website formed in 2012?

question:  What do many of the singers staffed by Sherman Ave write under?

question:  Which website publishes the well known "Sophomore Guide"?
context: Sherman Ave is a humor website that formed in January 2011. The website often publishes content about Northwestern student life, and most of Sherman Ave's staffed writers are current Northwestern undergraduate students writing under pseudonyms. The publication is well known among students for its interviews of prominent campus figures, its "Freshman Guide", its live-tweeting coverage of football games, and its satiric campaign in autumn 2012 to end the Vanderbilt University football team's clubbing of baby seals.

qas: question: What is the publication that is dedicated to the analysis of current events and public policy?
answers: text: Politics & Policy

question: How many college campuses does Politics & Policy reach worldwide?
answers: text: 250

question: Who completely runs Politics and Policy?
answers: text: undergraduates

question: Who partially funds Politics and Policy?
answers: text: the Buffett Center

question: How often is Politics & Policy published?
answers: text: several times a week

question: What is the publication that is dedicated to the analysis of current events and private policy?

question: How many college campuses does Politics & Policy reach statewide?

question:  Who doesn't run Politics and Policy?

question:  Who completely funds Politics and Policy?

question:  How often is Politics & Policy not published?
context: Politics & Policy was founded at Northwestern and is dedicated to the analysis of current events and public policy. Begun in 2010 by students in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, School of Communication, and Medill School of Journalism, the organization reaches students on more than 250 college campuses around the world. Run entirely by undergraduates, Politics & Policy publishes several times a week with material ranging from short summaries of events to extended research pieces. The organization is funded in part by the Buffett Center.

qas: question: How many men's intercollegiate athletic teams are fielded by Northwestern?
answers: text: 8

question: How many women's intercollegiate athletic teams are fielded by Northwestern?
answers: text: 11

question: How many consecutive NCAA championships did the women's larcrosse team win between 2005 and 2009?
answers: text: five

question: Who recognized the men's basketball team as the 1931 National Champion?
answers: text: Helms Athletic Foundation

question: How many of Northwestern's 19 varsity programs had NCAA or bowl postseason appearances?
answers: text: 12

question: How many women's intercollegiate athletic teams are fielded by Northwestern?

question: How many men's intercollegiate athletic teams are fielded by Northwestern?

question: How many consecutive NCAA championships did the men's larcrosse team win between 2005 and 2009?

question: Who recognized the women's basketball team as the 1931 National Champion?

question: How many of Southwestern's 19 varsity programs had NCAA or bowl postseason appearances?
context: Northwestern fields 19 intercollegiate athletic teams (8 men's and 11 women's) in addition to numerous club sports. The women's lacrosse team won five consecutive NCAA national championships between 2005 and 2009, went undefeated in 2005 and 2009, added more NCAA championships in 2011 and 2012, giving them 7 NCAA championships in 8 years, and holds several scoring records. The men's basketball team is recognized by the Helms Athletic Foundation as the 1931 National Champion. In the 2010–11 school year, the Wildcats had one national championship, 12 teams in postseason play, 20 All-Americans, two CoSIDA Academic All-American selections, 8 CoSIDA Academic All0District selections, 1 conference Coach of the Year and Player of the Year, 53 All-Conference and a record 201 Academic All-Big Ten athletes. Overall, 12 of Northwestern's 19 varsity programs had NCAA or bowl postseason appearances.

qas: question: Where do Northwestern's basketball, wrestling, and volleyball teams play?
answers: text: Welsh-Ryan Arena

question: What is the nickname given to Northwestern's athletic teams?
answers: text: Wildcats

question: What was the official nickname of Northwestern's athletic teams prior to 1924?
answers: text: The Purple

question: What was the unofficial nickname of the Northwestern athletic teams prior to 1924?
answers: text: The Fighting Methodists

question: What name did the student body unsuccessfully try to rename the Wildcats in 1972?
answers: text: Purple Haze

question: Where do Southwestern's basketball, wrestling, and volleyball teams play?

question:  What is the nickname given to Southwestern's athletic teams?

question: What was the official nickname of Northwestern's athletic teams prior to 1922

question: What was the unofficial nickname of the Northwestern athletic teams prior to 1921?

question: What name did the student body unsuccessfully try to rename the Wildcats in 1970?
context: The football team plays at Ryan Field (formerly known as Dyche Stadium); the basketball, wrestling, and volleyball teams play at Welsh-Ryan Arena. Northwestern's athletic teams are nicknamed the Wildcats. Before 1924, they were known as "The Purple" and unofficially as "The Fighting Methodists." The name Wildcats was bestowed upon the university in 1924 by Wallace Abbey, a writer for the Chicago Daily Tribune who wrote that even in a loss to the University of Chicago, "Football players had not come down from Evanston; wildcats would be a name better suited to [Coach Glenn] Thistletwaite's boys." The name was so popular that university board members made "wildcats" the official nickname just months later. In 1972, the student body voted to change the official nickname from "Wildcats" to "Purple Haze" but the new name never stuck.

qas: question: Who is the mascot of Northwestern Athletics?
answers: text: Willie the Wildcat

question: What was the first mascot of Northwestern Athletics?
answers: text: a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo

question: What was the name of Northwestern Athletics's bear cub mascot?
answers: text: Furpaw

question: Who did the athletic team blame for it's first losing season?
answers: text: Furpaw

question: What did the athletic team do with Furpaw after they lost the first season?
answers: text: banished him from campus forever

question: Who is the mascot of Southwestern Athletics?

question:  What was the second mascot of Northwestern Athletics?

question: What was the name of Southwestern Athletics's bear cub mascot?

question:  Who did the athletic team blame for it's first losing season?

question: What did the athletic team do with Furpaw after they lost the third season?
context: The mascot of Northwestern Athletics is Willie the Wildcat. The first mascot, however, was a live, caged bear cub from the Lincoln Park Zoo named Furpaw who was brought to the playing field on the day of a game to greet the fans. But after a losing season, the team, deciding that Furpaw was to blame for its misfortune, banished him from campus forever. Willie the Wildcat made his debut in 1933 first as a logo, and then in three dimensions in 1947, when members of the Alpha Delta fraternity dressed as wildcats during a Homecoming Parade. The Northwestern University Marching Band (NUMB) performs at all home football games and leads cheers in the student section and performs the Alma Mater at the end of the game.

qas: question: How many appearances has Northwestern's football team made in the top 10 AP poll since 1936?
answers: text: 73

question: How many consecutive games did Northwestern lose during it's longest losing streak between 1979 and 1982?
answers: text: 34

question: What was the first bowl game Northwestern appeared in after 1949?
answers: text: 1996 Rose Bowl

question: What was the first bowl won by Northwestern after the 1949 Rose Bowl?
answers: text: 2013 Gator Bowl

question: In 2006, which Northwestern linebacker became the youngest Division/FBS coach at the time?
answers: text: Pat Fitzgerald

question: How many appearances has Southwestern's football team made in the top 10 AP poll since 1936?

question: How many consecutive games did Northwestern lose during it's longest losing streak between 1980 and 1992?

question: What was the second bowl game Northwestern appeared in after 1949?

question: What was the first bowl won by Northwestern after the 1950 Rose Bowl?

question: What was the first bowl won by Northwestern after the 1990 Rose Bowl?
context: Northwestern's football team has made 73 appearances in the top 10 of the AP poll since 1936 (including 5 at #1) and has won eight Big Ten conference championships since 1903. At one time, Northwestern had the longest losing streak in Division I-A, losing 34 consecutive games between 1979 and 1982. They did not appear in a bowl game after 1949 until the 1996 Rose Bowl. The team did not win a bowl since the 1949 Rose Bowl until the 2013 Gator Bowl. Following the sudden death of football coach Randy Walker in 2006, 31-year-old former All-American Northwestern linebacker Pat Fitzgerald assumed the position, becoming the youngest Division I FBS coach at the time.

qas: question: What were 2 former Northwestern basketball players charged and convicted for in 1998?
answers: text: sports bribery

question: What did federal prosecutors indict four former players for in a separate betting scandal?
answers: text: perjury related to betting on their own games

question: What did an autopsy reveal was in Rashidi Wheeler's system after he died during a practice?
answers: text: ephedrine

question: In 2006, what prompted the women's soccer team coach, Jenny Haigh,  to resign?
answers: text: the release of images of alleged hazing

question: After the death of Rashidi Wheeler in 2001, which athletic programs were investigated for stimulants and other banned substances?
answers: text: all

question: What were 2 former Northwestern soccer players charged and convicted for in 1998?

question: What did federal prosecutors indict eight former players for in a separate betting scandal?

question: What did an autopsy reveal was in Rashidi Wheeler's system after he died during a game?

question: In 2006, what prompted the women's football team coach, Jenny Haigh, to resign?

question: After the death of Rashidi Wheeler in 2010, which athletic programs were investigated for stimulants and other banned substances?
context: In 1998, two former Northwestern basketball players were charged and convicted for sports bribery as a result of being paid to shave points in games against three other Big Ten schools during the 1995 season. The football team became embroiled in a different betting scandal later that year when federal prosecutors indicted four former players for perjury related to betting on their own games. In August 2001, Rashidi Wheeler, a senior safety, collapsed and died during practice from an asthma attack. An autopsy revealed that he had ephedrine, a stimulant banned by the NCAA, in his system, which prompted Northwestern to investigate the prevalence of stimulants and other banned substances across all of its athletic programs. In 2006, the Northwestern women's soccer team was suspended and coach Jenny Haigh resigned following the release of images of alleged hazing.

qas: question: How many full-time faculty members does Northwestern employ?
answers: text: 3,401

question: Who is Northwestern's faculty member notable for being a Holocaust denier?
answers: text: Arthur Butz

question: Who is Northwestern's faculty member notable for winning a Pulitzer Prize?
answers: text: historian Garry Wills

question: Who is Northwestern's faculty member notable for becoming a Tony Award-winning director?
answers: text: Mary Zimmerman

question: Who is Northwestern's faculty member notable for winning the Nobel Prize?
answers: text: chemist John Pople

question: How many full-time faculty members does Southwestern employ?

question: Who is Southwestern's faculty member notable for being a Holocaust denier?

question: Who is Southwestern's faculty member notable for winning a Pulitzer Prize?

question:  Who is Southwestern's faculty member notable for becoming a Tony Award-winning director?

question:  Who is Southwestern's faculty member notable for winning the Nobel Prize?
context: The university employs 3,401 full-time faculty members across its eleven schools, including 18 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 65 members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 19 members of the National Academy of Engineering, and 6 members of the Institute of Medicine. Notable faculty include 2010 Nobel Prize–winning economist Dale T. Mortensen; nano-scientist Chad Mirkin; Tony Award-winning director Mary Zimmerman; management expert Philip Kotler; King Faisal International Prize in Science recipient Sir Fraser Stoddart; Steppenwolf Theatre director Anna Shapiro; sexual psychologist J. Michael Bailey; Holocaust denier Arthur Butz; Federalist Society co-founder Steven Calabresi; former Weatherman Bernardine Rae Dohrn; ethnographer Gary Alan Fine; Pulitzer Prize–winning historian Garry Wills; American Academy of Arts and Sciences fellow Monica Olvera de la Cruz and MacArthur Fellowship recipients Stuart Dybek, and Jennifer Richeson. Notable former faculty include political advisor David Axelrod, artist Ed Paschke, writer Charles Newman, Nobel Prize–winning chemist John Pople, and military sociologist and "don't ask, don't tell" author Charles Moskos.

qas: question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming a U.S. Senator and presidential candidate?
answers: text: George McGovern

question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming The Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey?
answers: text: Ali Babacan

question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for being the founder of the presidential prayer breakfast?
answers: text: Abraham Vereide

question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming the Governor of Illinois and a presidential candidate?
answers: text: Adlai Stevenson

question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming the Illinois Governor and convicted felon?
answers: text: Rod Blagojevich

question: Which of Southwestern's alumni is notable for becoming a U.S. Senator and presidential candidate?

question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming The Deputy Prime Minister of China?

question: hich of Southwestern's alumni is notable for being the founder of the presidential prayer breakfast?

question:  Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming the Governor of Chicago and a presidential candidate?

question: Which of Northwestern's alumni is notable for becoming the Texas Governor and convicted felon?
context: Northwestern has roughly 225,000 alumni in all branches of business, government, law, science, education, medicine, media, and the performing arts. Among Northwestern's more notable alumni are U.S. Senator and presidential candidate George McGovern, Nobel Prize–winning economist George J. Stigler, Nobel Prize–winning novelist Saul Bellow, Pulitzer Prize–winning composer and diarist Ned Rorem, the much-decorated composer Howard Hanson, Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey Ali Babacan, the historian and novelist Wilma Dykeman, and the founder of the presidential prayer breakfast Abraham Vereide. U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice John Paul Stevens, Supreme Court Justice and Ambassador to the United Nations Arthur Joseph Goldberg, and Governor of Illinois and Democratic presidential candidate Adlai Stevenson are among the graduates of the Northwestern School of Law. Many Northwestern alumni play or have played important roles in Chicago and Illinois, such as former Illinois governor and convicted felon Rod Blagojevich, Chicago Bulls and Chicago White Sox owner Jerry Reinsdorf, and theater director Mary Zimmerman. Northwestern alumnus David J. Skorton currently serves as president of Cornell University. Rahm Emanuel, the mayor of Chicago and former White House Chief of Staff, earned a Masters in Speech and Communication in 1985.

qas: question: Who founded the Amsterdam based comedy theater Boom Chicago?
answers: text: Northwestern alumni

question: Where did actor Warren Beatty attend school?
answers: text: Northwestern's School of Communication

question: Where did actor Charlton Heston attend school?
answers: text: Northwestern's School of Communication

question: Where did director Gerald Freedman attend school?
answers: text: Northwestern's School of Communication

question: Which alumni was a co-creator of "The Young and the Restless", and "The Bold and the Beautiful"?
answers: text: Lee Phillip Bell

question: Who founded the Amsterdam based comedy theater Boom Chicago?

question:  Where didn't actor Warren Beatty attend school?

question: Which alumni was an actor on "The Young and the Restless", and "The Bold and the Beautiful"?

question:  Where didn't actor Charlton Heston attend school?
context: Northwestern's School of Communication has been especially fruitful in the number of actors, actresses, playwrights, and film and television writers and directors it has produced. Alumni who have made their mark on film and television include Ann-Margret, Warren Beatty, Jodie Markell, Paul Lynde, David Schwimmer, Anne Dudek, Zach Braff, Zooey Deschanel, Marg Helgenberger, Julia Louis-Dreyfus, Jerry Orbach, Jennifer Jones, Megan Mullally, John Cameron Mitchell, Dermot Mulroney, Charlton Heston, Richard Kind, Ana Gasteyer, Brad Hall, Shelley Long, William Daniels, Cloris Leachman, Bonnie Bartlett, Paula Prentiss, Richard Benjamin, Laura Innes, Charles Busch, Stephanie March, Tony Roberts, Jeri Ryan, Kimberly Williams-Paisley, McLean Stevenson, Tony Randall, Charlotte Rae, Paul Lynde, Patricia Neal, Nancy Dussault, Robert Reed, Mara Brock Akil, Greg Berlanti, Bill Nuss, Dusty Kay, Dan Shor, Seth Meyers, Frank DeCaro, Zach Gilford, Nicole Sullivan, Stephen Colbert, Sandra Seacat and Garry Marshall. Directors who were graduated from Northwestern include Gerald Freedman, Stuart Hagmann, Marshall W. Mason, and Mary Zimmerman. Lee Phillip Bell hosted a talk show in Chicago from 1952 to 1986 and co-created the Daytime Emmy Award-winning soap operas The Young and the Restless in 1973 and The Bold and the Beautiful in 1987. Alumni such as Sheldon Harnick, Stephanie D'Abruzzo, Heather Headley, Kristen Schaal, Lily Rabe, and Walter Kerr have distinguished themselves on Broadway, as has designer Bob Mackie. Amsterdam-based comedy theater Boom Chicago was founded by Northwestern alumni, and the school has become a training ground for future The Second City, I.O., ComedySportz, Mad TV and Saturday Night Live talent. Tam Spiva wrote scripts for The Brady Bunch and Gentle Ben. In New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago, the number of Northwestern alumni involved in theater, film, and television is so large that a perception has formed that there's such a thing as a "Northwestern mafia."

qas: question: How many Pulitzer Prize laureates attended the Medill School of Journalism?
answers: text: 38

question: Where did NBC correspondant Kelly O'Donnell attend school?
answers: text: The Medill School of Journalism

question: Where did bestselling author George R. R. Martin earn his B.S. and M.S.?
answers: text: The Medill School of Journalism

question: How many Emmy awards did alumni Elisabeth Leamy receive?
answers: text: 13

question: Which CBS correspondant graduated from The Medill School of Journalism?
answers: text: Richard Threlkeld

question: How many Pulitzer Prize laureates attended the Medill School of Science?

question:  Where did ABC correspondant attend school?

question:  Where did bestselling author George R. R. Martin earn his PhD?

question:  How many Emmy awards didn't alumni Elisabeth Leamy receive?

question: Which CBC correspondant graduated from The Medill School of Journalism?
context: The Medill School of Journalism has produced notable journalists and political activists including 38 Pulitzer Prize laureates. National correspondents, reporters and columnists such as The New York Times's Elisabeth Bumiller, David Barstow, Dean Murphy, and Vincent Laforet, USA Today's Gary Levin, Susan Page and Christine Brennan, NBC correspondent Kelly O'Donnell, CBS correspondent Richard Threlkeld, CNN correspondent Nicole Lapin and former CNN and current Al Jazeera America anchor Joie Chen, and ESPN personalities Rachel Nichols, Michael Wilbon, Mike Greenberg, Steve Weissman, J. A. Adande, and Kevin Blackistone. The bestselling author of the A Song of Ice and Fire series, George R. R. Martin, earned a B.S. and M.S. from Medill. Elisabeth Leamy is the recipient of 13 Emmy awards  and 4 Edward R. Murrow Awards.

qas: question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine was the Roswell Park Cancer Institute named after?
answers: text: Mary Harris Thompson

question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine performed the first successful American open heart surgery?
answers: text: Daniel Hale Williams

question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine co-founded the Mayo Clinic?
answers: text: Charles Horace Mayo

question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine founded the American College of Surgeons?
answers: text: Allen B. Kanavel

question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine was the first physician in space?
answers: text: Joseph P. Kerwin

question: Which graduate was the Roswell UFO named after?

question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine performed the first successful African open heart surgery?

question: Which graduate rejected the Mayo Clinic?

question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine founded the African College of Surgeons?

question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine was the last physician in space?
context: The Feinberg School of Medicine (previously the Northwestern University Medical School) has produced a number of notable graduates, including Mary Harris Thompson, Class of 1870, ad eundem, first female surgeon in Chicago, first female surgeon at Cook County Hospital, and founder of the Mary Thomson Hospital, Roswell Park, Class of 1876, prominent surgeon for whom the Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, New York, is named, Daniel Hale Williams, Class of 1883, performed the first successful American open heart surgery; only black charter member of the American College of Surgeons, Charles Horace Mayo, Class of 1888, co-founder of Mayo Clinic, Carlos Montezuma, Class of 1889, one of the first Native Americans to receive a Doctor of Medicine degree from any school, and founder of the Society of American Indians, Howard T. Ricketts, Class of 1897, who discovered bacteria of the genus Rickettsia, and identified the cause and methods of transmission of rocky mountain spotted fever, Allen B. Kanavel, Class of 1899, founder, regent, and president of the American College of Surgeons, internationally recognized as founder of modern hand and peripheral nerve surgery, Robert F. Furchgott, Class of 1940, received a Lasker Award in 1996 and the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his co-discovery of nitric oxide, Thomas E. Starzl, Class of 1952, performed the first successful liver transplant in 1967 and received the National Medal of Science in 2004 and a Lasker Award in 2012, Joseph P. Kerwin, first physician in space, flew on three skylab missions and later served as director of Space and Life Sciences at NASA, C. Richard Schlegel, Class of 1972, developed the dominant patent for a vaccine against human papillomavirus (administered as Gardasil) to prevent cervical cancer, David J. Skorton, Class of 1974, a noted cardiologist became president of Cornell University in 2006, and Andrew E. Senyei, Class of 1979, inventor, venture capitalist, and entrepreneur, founder of biotech and genetics companies, and a university trustee.