IBM

qas: question: In what year did the company that was to become IBM form?
answers: text: 1911

question: What was the name of the company that eventually became IBM?
answers: text: Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR)

question: In what year did IBM get its name?
answers: text: 1924

question: What nickname was given to IBM?
answers: text: Big Blue

question: What is one parent company of the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company?
answers: text: Computing Scale Company

question: What was the original name of the Bundy Manufacturing Company?

question: In what year was the Bundy Manufacturing Company created?

question: What was the nickname that was used for the Bundy Manufacturing Company?

question: Who first used the name Bundy Manufacturing Company?

question: Why did  Thomas J. Watson first use the name Bundy Maufacturing Company?
context: The company originated in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR) through the consolidation of The Tabulating Machine Company, the International Time Recording Company, the Computing Scale Company and the Bundy Manufacturing Company. CTR was renamed "International Business Machines" in 1924, a name which Thomas J. Watson first used for a CTR Canadian subsidiary. The initialism IBM followed. Securities analysts nicknamed the company Big Blue for its size and common use of the color in products, packaging and its logo.

qas: question: How many employees did IBM have in 2012?
answers: text: 435,000 worldwide

question: What was the ranking in terms of market cap for IBM in 2012?
answers: text: fourth largest

question: In 2011 Forbes, by revenue, ranked IBM at what rank globally?
answers: text: 31st largest

question: At what rank was IBM rated as a global brand by Interbrand?
answers: text: №2

question: In 2012 Fortune ranked the largest US firms by number employees, what was IBMs rank?
answers: text: second largest

question: How many employees did Forbes have in 2012?

question: How was Forbes ranked as far as number of employees in 2012?

question: How profitable was Forbes considered in 2012?

question: What rank did Forbes have in terms of revenue in 2012?

question: How was Forbes ranked globally for revenue in 2011?
context: In 2012, Fortune ranked IBM the second largest U.S. firm in terms of number of employees (435,000 worldwide), the fourth largest in terms of market capitalization, the ninth most profitable, and the nineteenth largest firm in terms of revenue. Globally, the company was ranked the 31st largest in terms of revenue by Forbes for 2011. Other rankings for 2011/2012 include №1 company for leaders (Fortune), №1 green company in the United States (Newsweek), №2 best global brand (Interbrand), №2 most respected company (Barron's), №5 most admired company (Fortune), and №18 most innovative company (Fast Company).

qas: question: Under what name do research laboratories operated by IBM work under?
answers: text: IBM Research

question: How many research labs does IBM have world wide?
answers: text: 12 research laboratories worldwide

question: In 2013 how many years had IBM generated the most patents by a business?
answers: text: 22 consecutive years

question: How many Nobel Prizes have been won by IBM employees?
answers: text: five Nobel Prizes

question: This IBM invention is known by the acronym UPC, what is the full name?
answers: text: Universal Product Code

question: How many labs work for the Watson company?

question: How long has Watson held the record for holding the most patents by a business?

question: How many Nobel Prizes has Watson been awarded?

question: What is one invention made by the Watson company that is used by people everyday?

question: What code was developed by Watson that's used in grocery stores?
context: IBM has 12 research laboratories worldwide, bundled into IBM Research. As of 2013[update] the company held the record for most patents generated by a business for 22 consecutive years. Its employees have garnered five Nobel Prizes, six Turing Awards, ten National Medals of Technology and five National Medals of Science. Notable company inventions or developments include the automated teller machine (ATM), the floppy disk, the hard disk drive, the magnetic stripe card, the relational database, the Universal Product Code (UPC), the financial swap, the Fortran programming language, SABRE airline reservation system, dynamic random-access memory (DRAM), copper wiring in semiconductors, the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) semiconductor manufacturing process, and Watson artificial intelligence.

qas: question: What was IBM's operating margin in 2004?
answers: text: 16.8%

question: What were the net profit margins of IBM in 2004?
answers: text: 9.0%

question: IBM's net profit margins were 16.5% in what year?
answers: text: 2013

question: IBM's operating margin in 2013 was what?
answers: text: 24.3%

question: IBM focusing on markets like business continuity, business intelligence, security, and cloud computing is an example of IBM doing what?
answers: text: exiting commoditizing markets

question: What has happened to DRAM's since they were created?

question: How did IBM's profitability get better when it got out of the data analytics market?

question: What was the average operating margin for hard disk drive producers in 2004?

question: What did the operating margin for hard disk drive producers expand to in 2013?

question: How much net profit did the average hard disk drive producer make in 2004?
context: IBM has constantly evolved since its inception. Over the past decade, it has steadily shifted its business mix by exiting commoditizing markets such as PCs, hard disk drives and DRAMs and focusing on higher-value, more profitable markets such as business intelligence, data analytics, business continuity, security, cloud computing, virtualization and green solutions, resulting in a higher quality revenue stream and higher profit margins. IBM's operating margin expanded from 16.8% in 2004 to 24.3% in 2013, and net profit margins expanded from 9.0% in 2004 to 16.5% in 2013.

qas: question: In what year did IBM acquire Kenexa?
answers: text: 2012

question: IBM made an acquisition in 2009, name it.
answers: text: SPSS

question: IBM span off its printer manufacturer in 1991, what was its name?
answers: text: Lexmark

question: IBM sold two product lines to Lenovo, name them.
answers: text: personal computer and x86 server

question: What was the name of the company that IBM Micro Electronics was offloaded to?
answers: text: GlobalFoundries

question: In what year did Lexmark acquire Kenexa?

question: What company was created by Kenexa in 2012 to manufacture printers?

question: What product lines were produced by Kenexa in 2012?

question: What company did Kenexa sell Lexmark to?

question: What manufacturing area was PwC a leader in?
context: IBM acquired Kenexa (2012) and SPSS (2009) and PwC's consulting business (2002), spinning off companies like printer manufacturer Lexmark (1991), and selling off product lines like its personal computer and x86 server businesses to Lenovo (2005, 2014). In 2014, IBM announced that it would go "fabless" by offloading IBM Micro Electronics semiconductor manufacturing to GlobalFoundries, a leader in advanced technology manufacturing, citing that semiconductor manufacturing is a capital-intensive business which is challenging to operate without scale. This transition had progressed as of early 2015[update].

qas: question: On what date did the companies that became the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company get consolidated?
answers: text: June 16, 1911

question: Name the individual that consolidated the companies that were to become the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company.
answers: text: Charles Ranlett Flint

question: In what year did the companies owned by Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company finally integrate?
answers: text: 1933

question: Where was the CTR Business office?
answers: text: Endicott

question: In 1933 the four companies owned by CTR had how many employees?
answers: text: 1,300 employees

question: Where was Charles Ranlett Flint originally from?

question: In what year was Endicott created by Charles Ranlett Flint?

question: In what state was Endicott consolidated into one company?

question: How many employees worked at the holding company in 1911?

question: What was the original name of the Endicott company?
context: On June 16, 1911, their four companies were consolidated in New York State by Charles Ranlett Flint to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR). CTR's business office was in Endicott. The individual companies owned by CTR continued to operate using their established names until the businesses were integrated in 1933 and the holding company eliminated. The four companies had 1,300 employees and offices and plants in Endicott and Binghamton, New York; Dayton, Ohio; Detroit, Michigan; Washington, D.C.; and Toronto. They manufactured machinery for sale and lease, ranging from commercial scales and industrial time recorders, meat and cheese slicers, to tabulators and punched cards.

qas: question: In what year did Thomas J. Watson, Sr. join CTR?
answers: text: 1914

question: Thomas J. Watson Sr. was fired from what company?
answers: text: National Cash Register Company

question: What was the favorite slogan of Thomas J. Watson Sr.?
answers: text: THINK

question: The revenues did what under the first 4 years of Watson being president?
answers: text: more than doubled to $9 million

question: The name International Business Machines was first used in what year?
answers: text: 1917

question: In what year did CTR first use THINK as its slogan?

question: Who did Thomas J. Watson, Sr fire from the CTR company?

question: When did Patterson join the National Cash Register Company?

question: What happened to the revenue of the National Cash Register Company when Patterson became president?

question: What kind of benefits were given to employees of the National Cash Register Company?
context: Thomas J. Watson, Sr., fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered CTR. Watson joined CTR as General Manager then, 11 months later, was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned Patterson's pioneering business practices, Watson proceeded to put the stamp of NCR onto CTR's companies. He implemented sales conventions, "generous sales incentives, a focus on customer service, an insistence on well-groomed, dark-suited salesmen and had an evangelical fervor for instilling company pride and loyalty in every worker". His favorite slogan, "THINK", became a mantra for each company's employees. During Watson's first four years, revenues more than doubled to $9 million and the company's operations expanded to Europe, South America, Asia and Australia. "Watson had never liked the clumsy hyphenated title of the CTR" and chose to replace it with the more expansive title "International Business Machines". First as a name for a 1917 Canadian subsidiary, then as a line in advertisements. For example, the McClures magazine, v53, May 1921, has a full page ad with, at the bottom:

qas: question: What what was the name of the subsidiary working in Germany during World War 2?
answers: text: Dehomag

question: Records for how many people were maintained by IBM in 1937?
answers: text: 26 million

question: What service did IBM provide for the Nuremberg Trials?
answers: text: translation services

question: What year did IBM open its first office in Bahrain?
answers: text: 1947

question: What was the eventual name of the company that IBM operated in Saudi Arabia?
answers: text: Saudi Business Machines

question: What did Bahrain's tabulating equipment help organizations process?

question: How many people were employed by the Third Reich?

question: What two types of weapons were used by the Third Reich in 1937?

question: In what year did the Nuremburg Trials begin?

question: In what year did the German subsidiary Dehomag open for business?
context: In 1937, IBM's tabulating equipment enabled organizations to process unprecedented amounts of data, its clients including the U.S. Government, during its first effort to maintain the employment records for 26 million people pursuant to the Social Security Act, and the Third Reich, largely through the German subsidiary Dehomag. During the Second World War the company produced small arms for the American war effort (M1 Carbine, and Browning Automatic Rifle). IBM provided translation services for the Nuremberg Trials. In 1947, IBM opened its first office in Bahrain, as well as an office in Saudi Arabia to service the needs of the Arabian-American Oil Company that would grow to become Saudi Business Machines (SBM).

qas: question: Thomas Watson Sr. stepped down in what year?
answers: text: 1952

question: In 1956 the company demonstrated the first example of what?
answers: text: artificial intelligence

question: What computer did Arthur L. Samuel program to play checkers in 1957?
answers: text: an IBM 704

question: In 1957 the FORTRAN language was created, what is FORTRAN short for?
answers: text: FORmula TRANslation

question: In 1961 who became the president of IBM?
answers: text: Albert L. Williams

question: In what year did Albert L. Williams step down from the company?

question: What did Albert L. Willaims program to learn from its experience when playing checkers?

question: What machine was created by FORTRAN in 1952?

question: What system was developed for FORTRAN in 1952 to help it play checkers?

question: In what year did IBM open its first office in Poughkeepsie?
context: In 1952, Thomas Watson, Sr., stepped down after almost 40 years at the company helm; his son, Thomas Watson, Jr., was named president. In 1956, the company demonstrated the first practical example of artificial intelligence when Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's Poughkeepsie, New York, laboratory programmed an IBM 704 not merely to play checkers but "learn" from its own experience. In 1957, the FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation) scientific programming language was developed. In 1961, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., was elected chairman of the board and Albert L. Williams became company president. The same year IBM developed the SABRE (Semi-Automatic Business-Related Environment) reservation system for American Airlines and introduced the highly successful Selectric typewriter.

qas: question: One company that IBM acquired in 2002 is?
answers: text: PwC consulting

question: In 2003 IBM hosted an online discussion with how many employees?
answers: text: 50,000 employees

question: What technology did IBM use for its 2003 internet-based discussion?
answers: text: Jam technology

question: What did IBM use to analyze the results from the online discussion?
answers: text: eClassifier

question: How many employees took part in the subsequent online discussion in 2004?
answers: text: 52,000 employees

question: What company did PwC consulting acquire in 2003?

question: What did employees introduce to change company values?

question: How many employees worked at PwC consulting in 2002?

question: What did employees discuss at the  second Jam event put on by PwC consulting in 2002?

question: Where did the first discussion take place hosted by PwC consulting in 2002?
context: In 2002, IBM acquired PwC consulting. In 2003 it initiated a project to redefine company values. Using its Jam technology, it hosted a three-day Internet-based online discussion of key business issues with 50,000 employees. Results were data mined with sophisticated text analysis software (eClassifier) for common themes. Three emerged, expressed as: "Dedication to every client's success", "Innovation that matters—for our company and for the world", and "Trust and personal responsibility in all relationships". Another three-day Jam took place in 2004, with 52,000 employees discussing ways to implement company values in practice.

qas: question: IBM sold its personal computer business to what company?
answers: text: Lenovo

question: In what year did IBM sell its personal computer business?
answers: text: 2005

question: What was the design for low cost data encryption named?
answers: text: Secure Blue

question: SPSS Inc. was acquired in what year?
answers: text: 2009

question: This program was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation.
answers: text: Blue Gene

question: Who did Micromuse sell its personal computer business to?

question: In what year did Micromuse sell its business to Lenovo?

question: What design did Micromuse launch that is low-cost and can be built into a microprocessor?

question: What award was given to Micromuse in 2009 for its Blue Gene supercomputing program?

question: What president awarded Micromuse for the Blue Gene program?
context: In 2005, the company sold its personal computer business to Chinese technology company Lenovo, and in the same year it agreed to acquire Micromuse. A year later IBM launched Secure Blue, a low-cost hardware design for data encryption that can be built into a microprocessor. In 2009 it acquired software company SPSS Inc. Later in 2009, IBM's Blue Gene supercomputing program was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation by U.S. President Barack Obama. In 2011, IBM gained worldwide attention for its artificial intelligence program Watson, which was exhibited on Jeopardy! where it won against game-show champions Ken Jennings and Brad Rutter. As of 2012[update], IBM had been the top annual recipient of U.S. patents for 20 consecutive years.

qas: question: IBM acquired digital assets of this company on October 28, 2015.
answers: text: The Weather Company

question: What will IBM use to analyze weather and make predictions?
answers: text: Watson

question: When did the sale of Weather Company assets close?
answers: text: January 29, 2016

question: The Weather Channel entered into what with IBM?
answers: text: long-term licensing agreement

question: Bain Capital is a holding company of which company?
answers: text: The Weather Company

question: What did Bain Capital acquire from The Weather Company in 2015?

question: What will Bain Capital seek to use Watson for in this acquisition?

question: Why will The Weather Channel enter into a long-term agreement with NBCUniversal?

question: When did the sale of The Blackstone Group assets close?

question: When did Bain Capital become incorporated?
context: On October 28, 2015, IBM announced its acquisition of digital assets from The Weather Company—a holding company of Bain Capital, The Blackstone Group and NBCUniversal which owns The Weather Channel, including its weather data platforms (such as Weather Services International), websites (Weather.com and Weather Underground) and mobile apps. The acquisition seeks to use Watson for weather analytics and predictions. The acquisition does not include The Weather Channel itself, which will enter into a long-term licensing agreement with IBM for use of its data. The sale closed on January 29, 2016 

qas: question: IBM has how many members on its Board of Directors?
answers: text: 14

question: What board member resigned in November 2010?
answers: text: Cathie Black's

question: What year did William R. Brody join the IBM Board of Directors?
answers: text: '07

question: Kenneth Chenault is affiliated with what company?
answers: text: American Express

question: Who is the most recent member to join the IBM Board of Directors?
answers: text: Andrew N. Liveris

question: In what year did Alain J. P. Belda resign?

question: How many corporate offices are there at IBM?

question: What is Alain J. P. Belda's main responsibility as a board member?

question: What chemical company is Cathie Black affiliated with?

question: What credit card company is Doris Duke connected with?
context: The company's 14 member Board of Directors is responsible for overall corporate management. As of Cathie Black's resignation in November 2010 its membership (by affiliation and year of joining) included: Alain J. P. Belda '08 (Alcoa), William R. Brody '07 (Salk Institute / Johns Hopkins University), Kenneth Chenault '98 (American Express), Michael L. Eskew '05 (UPS), Shirley Ann Jackson '05 (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute), Andrew N. Liveris '10 (Dow Chemical), W. James McNerney, Jr. '09 (Boeing), James W. Owens '06 (Caterpillar), Samuel J. Palmisano '00 (IBM), Joan Spero '04 (Doris Duke Charitable Foundation), Sidney Taurel '01 (Eli Lilly), and Lorenzo Zambrano '03 (Cemex).

qas: question: How large of a drop in sales did IBM report for fiscal year 2013?
answers: text: 5% drop

question: What date did IBM announce that its executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013?
answers: text: January 21, 2014

question: IBM committed to an expansion totaling this dollar amount in 2014?
answers: text: $1.2bn

question: How many new data centers did IBM commit to building?
answers: text: 15

question: Who is the chief executive of IBM?
answers: text: Virginia Rometty

question: What did CE Virginia Rometty want to do with IBM's cloud storage business in 2014?

question: How much profit did the cloud storage business net in 2012?

question: What benefit was Rometty the only one willing to forego in 2012?

question: What is one type of storage that has been more popular with youger generations?

question: How many times did IBM have to reinvent itself in the past?
context: On January 21, 2014 IBM announced that company executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013. The move came as the firm reported a 5% drop in sales and 1% decline in net profit over 2012. It also committed to a $1.2bn plus expansion of its data center and cloud-storage business, including the development of 15 new data centers. After ten successive quarters of flat or sliding sales under Chief Executive Virginia Rometty IBM is being forced to look at new approaches. Said Rometty, “We’ve got to reinvent ourselves like we’ve done in prior generations.”

qas: question: What building did Van der Rohe create for IBM?
answers: text: 330 North Wabash building in Chicago

question: The 330 North Wabash building served as what post World War 2?
answers: text: center of the company's research division

question: The 330 North Wabash Building was recognized with what award?
answers: text: 1990 Honor Award

question: IBM has towers in which cities?
answers: text: Montreal, Paris, and Atlanta

question: IBM has worked with architects and designers such as Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, I.M. Pei, and Van der Rohe, name one  more.
answers: text: Eero Saarinen

question: What building did Eero Saarinen create for IBM?

question: What was the Somers Office Complex used for after WWII?

question: What award was given to recognize the Somers Office Complex?

question: What group gave the award to the Somers Office Complex?

question: In what three cities does Eero Saarinen also have his works on display?
context: Other major campus installations include towers in Montreal, Paris, and Atlanta; software labs in Raleigh-Durham, Rome, Cracow and Toronto; Johannesburg, Seattle; and facilities in Hakozaki and Yamato. The company also operates the IBM Scientific Center, Hursley House, the Canada Head Office Building, IBM Rochester, and the Somers Office Complex. The company's contributions to architecture and design, which include works by Eero Saarinen, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, and I.M. Pei, have been recognized. Van der Rohe's 330 North Wabash building in Chicago, the original center of the company's research division post-World War II, was recognized with the 1990 Honor Award from the National Building Museum.

qas: question: Who was the CEO in 1914?
answers: text: Thomas J. Watson

question: The Quarter Century Club began in this year.
answers: text: 1924

question: What is the name of IBM's internal magazine?
answers: text: Business Machines

question: In 1925 the first meeting of this group occurred.
answers: text: Hundred Percent Club

question: What is the Hundred Percent Club composed of?
answers: text: IBM salesmen who meet their quotas

question: What employee management practices were first introduced in New Jersey in 1924?

question: When was the first Atlantic City publication made?

question: What was the Hundred Percent Club created to boost in 1914?

question: Starting in 1914, for how many years was the IBM internal publication made?

question: In what year did the first IBM sports team play in Atlantic City?
context: IBM's employee management practices can be traced back to its roots. In 1914, CEO Thomas J. Watson boosted company spirit by creating employee sports teams, hosting family outings, and furnishing a company band. IBM sports teams still continue in the present day; the IBM Big Blue continue to exist as semi-professional company rugby and American football teams. In 1924 the Quarter Century Club, which recognizes employees with 25 years of service, was organized and the first issue of Business Machines, IBM's internal publication, was published. In 1925, the first meeting of the Hundred Percent Club, composed of IBM salesmen who meet their quotas, convened in Atlantic City, New Jersey.

qas: question: In what year did IBM begin to provide group life insurance?
answers: text: 1934

question: IBM created a school house in 1933, what was its name?
answers: text: IBM Schoolhouse at Endicott

question: IBM employees created a magazine in 1935, what was its name?
answers: text: Think

question: What program did IBM launch in 1942?
answers: text: program to train and employ disabled people

question: What year did IBM hire its first black salesman?
answers: text: 1946

question: In what year did Endicott provide group life insurance?

question: What was created by Endicott in 1932 for overseeing employee training?

question: What was held for female system service professionals in 1937?

question: Who did Endicott create a program to train and hire in 1942?

question: What was the name of the employee magazine in 1935 featuring the first black salesman?
context: IBM was among the first corporations to provide group life insurance (1934), survivor benefits (1935) and paid vacations (1937). In 1932 IBM created an Education Department to oversee training for employees, which oversaw the completion of the IBM Schoolhouse at Endicott in 1933. In 1935, the employee magazine Think was created. Also that year, IBM held its first training class for female systems service professionals. In 1942, IBM launched a program to train and employ disabled people in Topeka, Kansas. The next year classes began in New York City, and soon the company was asked to join the President's Committee for Employment of the Handicapped. In 1946, the company hired its first black salesman, 18 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1947, IBM announced a Total and Permanent Disability Income Plan for employees. A vested rights pension was added to the IBM retirement plan. During IBM's management transformation in the 1990s revisions were made to these pension plans to reduce IBM's pension liabilities.

qas: question: Who published IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter?
answers: text: Thomas J. Watson, Jr

question: In what year was IBM's first equal opportunity policy letter published?
answers: text: 1952

question: In 1961 IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include what?
answers: text: sex, national origin, and age

question: How many inventors were honored at IBM's first Invention Award Dinner?
answers: text: 34

question: Starting in 1963 IBM started a program by naming 8 of these.
answers: text: IBM Fellows

question: What was published by the Board of Education in 1952?

question: What did the judgement in Brown vs. Board of Education cause to be added to IBM hiring policy in 1952?

question: How many people were involved in the Brown vs. Board of Education case?

question: What act was adopted in 1952?

question: What was hosted by the Board of Education for the first time in 1962?
context: In 1952, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., published the company's first written equal opportunity policy letter, one year before the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown vs. Board of Education and 11 years before the Civil Rights Act of 1964. In 1961, IBM's nondiscrimination policy was expanded to include sex, national origin, and age. The following year, IBM hosted its first Invention Award Dinner honoring 34 outstanding IBM inventors; and in 1963, the company named the first eight IBM Fellows in a new Fellowship Program that recognizes senior IBM scientists, engineers and other professionals for outstanding technical achievements.

qas: question: What date did Thomas Watson, Jr. send out a letter about IBM hiring the best people regardless of race, gender, or origin?
answers: text: September 21, 1953

question: IBM publicized its hiring policy to help negotiations in two states where in the U.S.?
answers: text: the U.S. South

question: What kind of workplaces did IBM commit to not building?
answers: text: separate-but-equal

question: IBM expanded their nondiscrimination policy in 1984 to include what?
answers: text: sexual orientation

question: In what year did IBM add sexual orientation to their nondiscrimination policy?
answers: text: 1984

question: What was sent out by governors in the south in 1953?

question: What did the letter sent in 1984 state to employees?

question: What is one type of workplace that governors of two states would not build?

question: What would a separate but equal workplace give to IBM so it would get ahead?

question: Who would negotiating with employees about hiring practices help IBM hire in the future?
context: On September 21, 1953, Thomas Watson, Jr., the company's president at the time, sent out a controversial letter to all IBM employees stating that IBM needed to hire the best people, regardless of their race, ethnic origin, or gender. He also publicized the policy so that in his negotiations to build new manufacturing plants with the governors of two states in the U.S. South, he could be clear that IBM would not build "separate-but-equal" workplaces. In 1984, IBM added sexual orientation to its nondiscrimination policy. The company stated that this would give IBM a competitive advantage because IBM would then be able to hire talented people its competitors would turn down.

qas: question: IBM began supporting this in 1998.
answers: text: Linux

question: 300 Linux kernel developers work here.
answers: text: the IBM Linux Technology Center

question: IBM created the software framework known as?
answers: text: Eclipse

question: What is a notable legal case involving open source and IBM?
answers: text: SCO v. IBM

question: What does RDBMS refer to?
answers: text: relational database management system

question: What company was Java supporting in 1998?

question: What initiative was created by IBM in 1998?

question: How much was Linux worth in 1998?

question: How does Java usually release code its developed?

question: Where do 300 Open Source Initiative developers work?
context: IBM has been a leading proponent of the Open Source Initiative, and began supporting Linux in 1998. The company invests billions of dollars in services and software based on Linux through the IBM Linux Technology Center, which includes over 300 Linux kernel developers. IBM has also released code under different open source licenses, such as the platform-independent software framework Eclipse (worth approximately US$40 million at the time of the donation), the three-sentence International Components for Unicode (ICU) license, and the Java-based relational database management system (RDBMS) Apache Derby. IBM's open source involvement has not been trouble-free, however (see SCO v. IBM).

qas: question: IBM runs what website for software developers?
answers: text: DeveloperWorks

question: In 2007 what happened to developerWorks?
answers: text: was inducted into the Jolt Hall of Fame

question: DeveloperWorks has content about open industry standard technologies like Java and SOA, what is one other industry standard technology it has resources for?
answers: text: Linux

question: IBM products such as WebSphere and Rational are covered on DeveloperWorks, what other three IBM products are covered?
answers: text: Lotus, Tivoli and Information Management

question: The Jolt Hall of Fame inducted DeveloperWorks in what year?
answers: text: 2007

question: Where was Java inducted in 2007?

question: What site is run by Ajax for IT professionals?

question: What Java products are a part of the Ajax site?

question: In what year was IBM inducted into the technical professionals hall of fame?

question: What three open industry-standard technologies are covered on the Ajax site?
context: DeveloperWorks is a website run by IBM for software developers and IT professionals. It contains how-to articles and tutorials, as well as software downloads and code samples, discussion forums, podcasts, blogs, wikis, and other resources for developers and technical professionals. Subjects range from open, industry-standard technologies like Java, Linux, SOA and web services, web development, Ajax, PHP, and XML to IBM's products (WebSphere, Rational, Lotus, Tivoli and Information Management). In 2007, developerWorks was inducted into the Jolt Hall of Fame.

qas: question: What kind of processor was in the Xbox 360?
answers: text: PowerPC tri-core processor

question: How quickly did IBM take to create the Xbox 360 processor?
answers: text: less than 24 months

question: Playstation 3 featured which microprocessor?
answers: text: Cell BE microprocessor

question: Who helped IBM develop the Playstation 3 microprocessor?
answers: text: Toshiba, and Sony

question: What year did the Nintendo Wii U, partly developed by IBM, debut?
answers: text: 2012

question: What did Nintendo develop for all console gaming systems of the previous generation?

question: How long did it take for Nintendo to develop the PowerPC tri-core processor?

question: What technology did IBM, Toshiba and Sony design jointly for the Xbox 360?

question: In what year was the Xbox 360 first produced?

question: What was the codename for the Xbox 360 when it was first being developed?
context: Virtually all console gaming systems of the previous generation used microprocessors developed by IBM. The Xbox 360 contains a PowerPC tri-core processor, which was designed and produced by IBM in less than 24 months. Sony's PlayStation 3 features the Cell BE microprocessor designed jointly by IBM, Toshiba, and Sony. IBM also provided the microprocessor that serves as the heart of Nintendo's new Wii U system, which debuted in 2012. The new Power Architecture-based microprocessor includes IBM's latest technology in an energy-saving silicon package. Nintendo's seventh-generation console, Wii, features an IBM chip codenamed Broadway. The older Nintendo GameCube utilizes the Gekko processor, also designed by IBM.

qas: question: What will Open Client Offering run on?
answers: text: Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X

question: What is an alternative to the Office document format from Microsoft?
answers: text: Open Document Format software

question: What percentage of its desktop PCs does IBM plan to install Open Client on to?
answers: text: 5%

question: Which platforms did IBM begin offering the IBM Client for Smart Work on?
answers: text: Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux

question: What web browser does the Open Document Format have compatibility with?
answers: text: Mozilla Firefox

question: What does using Apple's Mac OS X help to cut according to Microsoft?

question: What do you need to pay Microsoft if you use Open Client Offering software?

question: What is an alternative to using Linux document formats?

question: What percentage of its PC's does IBM want to install Firefox on?

question: What two platforms is Microsoft offering the Linux client for Smart Work on?
context: IBM announced it will launch its new software, called "Open Client Offering" which is to run on Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X. The company states that its new product allows businesses to offer employees a choice of using the same software on Windows and its alternatives. This means that "Open Client Offering" is to cut costs of managing whether to use Linux or Apple relative to Windows. There will be no necessity for companies to pay Microsoft for its licenses for operating systems since the operating systems will no longer rely on software which is Windows-based. One alternative to Microsoft's office document formats is the Open Document Format software, whose development IBM supports. It is going to be used for several tasks like: word processing, presentations, along with collaboration with Lotus Notes, instant messaging and blog tools as well as an Internet Explorer competitor – the Mozilla Firefox web browser. IBM plans to install Open Client on 5% of its desktop PCs. The Linux offering has been made available as the IBM Client for Smart Work product on the Ubuntu and Red Hat Enterprise Linux platforms.

qas: question: What is the name of the IBM project that redirected $1 billion each year to increase energy efficiency?
answers: text: Project Big Green

question: Secure Blue was launched in what year?
answers: text: 2006

question: What type of hardware is Secure Blue?
answers: text: encryption hardware

question: Who was the IBM ceo in November 2008?
answers: text: Sam Palmisano

question: What framework did IBM announce on March 1, 2011?
answers: text: Smarter Computing framework

question: How much did it cost for IBM to produce Secure Blue?

question: Where did Sam Palmisano make a speech in 2006?

question: What agenda was presented by von Neumann in 2006 at the Council on Foreign Relations?

question: What kind of chips were created by Smarter Computing in 2006?

question: What kind of framework was announced by von Neumann in 2006?
context: In 2006, IBM launched Secure Blue, encryption hardware that can be built into microprocessors. A year later, IBM unveiled Project Big Green, a re-direction of $1 billion per year across its businesses to increase energy efficiency. On November 2008, IBM’s CEO, Sam Palmisano, during a speech at the Council on Foreign Relations, outlined a new agenda for building a Smarter Planet. On March 1, 2011, IBM announced the Smarter Computing framework to support Smarter Planet. On Aug 18, 2011, as part of its effort in cognitive computing, IBM has produced chips that imitate neurons and synapses. These microprocessors do not use von Neumann architecture, and they consume less memory and power.

qas: question: What is the name of the program that IBM uses to search for new start-up companies to solve world problems?
answers: text: SmartCamp

question: How many SmartCamp events does IBM hold worldwide?
answers: text: 17

question: Who has IBM partnered with to allow retail shoppers to easily donate money?
answers: text: Pennies

question: Charities of which nation benefit from the IBM partnership with Pennies?
answers: text: UK

question: What company is known for the electronic charity box?
answers: text: Pennies

question: What global program is run by Pennies so that they can find companies to partner with?

question: What kind of companies does Pennies search for to partner with?

question: What did Pennies go into business to solve in the UK?

question: How many companies partner with Pennies in their retail stores in the UK?

question: In what year did Pennies begin as a start-up?
context: IBM also holds the SmartCamp program globally. The program searches for fresh start-up companies that IBM can partner with to solve world problems. IBM holds 17 SmartCamp events around the world. Since July 2011, IBM has partnered with Pennies, the electronic charity box, and produced a software solution for IBM retail customers that provides an easy way to donate money when paying in-store by credit or debit card. Customers donate just a few pence (1p-99p) a time and every donation goes to UK charities.

qas: question: What location is the birthplace of IBM?
answers: text: Endicott

question: How many gallons of liquid cleaning agent leaked from an IBM facility in 1979?
answers: text: 4,100 gallons

question: How long did IBM use liquid cleaning agents for circuit board manufacturing?
answers: text: more than two decades

question: Starting in 1980 how many gallons of chemicals did IBM pump into the air?
answers: text: 78,000 gallons

question: IBM was identified by what department as a major source of pollution?
answers: text: Department of Environmental Conservation

question: What has drinking water been contaminated with for decades, making it unsafe in Endicott?

question: When did freon leak from an underground tank in Endicott?

question: How many gallons of freon leaked into the town's soil in 1979?

question: How many people were diagnosed with cancer in 1980 near Endicott?

question: What was a local dry cleaner found to be the main source of in 1979?
context: The birthplace of IBM, Endicott, suffered pollution for decades, however. IBM used liquid cleaning agents in circuit board assembly operation for more than two decades, and six spills and leaks were recorded, including one leak in 1979 of 4,100 gallons from an underground tank. These left behind volatile organic compounds in the town's soil and aquifer. Traces of volatile organic compounds have been identified in Endicott’s drinking water, but the levels are within regulatory limits. Also, from 1980, IBM has pumped out 78,000 gallons of chemicals, including trichloroethane, freon, benzene and perchloroethene to the air and allegedly caused several cancer cases among the townspeople. IBM Endicott has been identified by the Department of Environmental Conservation as the major source of pollution, though traces of contaminants from a local dry cleaner and other polluters were also found. Remediation and testing are ongoing, however according to city officials, tests show that the water is safe to drink.