Hunting

qas: question: What is the practice of killing or trapping any animal?
answers: text: Hunting

question: Why do humans most commonly hunt wildlife?
answers: text: food

question: What is there a distinction between lawful hunting and?
answers: text: poaching

question: What is poaching?
answers: text: illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species

question: What is the species which is hunted referred to as?
answers: text: prey

question: What is the practice of killing or trapping any animal called?
answers: text: Hunting

question: Illegally killing, capturing or trapping an hunted species is called what?
answers: text: poaching

question: Hunted species are usually referred to as what?
answers: text: game or prey

question: What animals are usually hunted?
answers: text: mammals and birds

question: What is it called to kill or trap an animal?
answers: text: Hunting

question: What species are usually hunted?
answers: text: mammals and birds

question: Why do humans hunt?
answers: text: food, recreation, to remove predators

question: When was lawful hunting distinguished from poaching?
answers: text: 2010s

question: Species hunted are referred to as what? 
answers: text: game or prey

question: What do feral animals usually eat?

question: What tactics do feral animals use to find prey?

question: In what year were feral animals first categorized?

question: What kinds of animals are usually considered feral?

question:  What does wildlife have to compete with humans to find?
context: Hunting is the practice of killing or trapping any animal, or pursuing or tracking it with the intent of doing so. Hunting wildlife or feral animals is most commonly done by humans for food, recreation, to remove predators which are dangerous to humans or domestic animals, or for trade. In the 2010s, lawful hunting is distinguished from poaching, which is the illegal killing, trapping or capture of the hunted species. The species that are hunted are referred to as game or prey and are usually mammals and birds.

qas: question: What does evidence suggest hunting may have been a factor in the extinction of?
answers: text: holocene megafauna

question: What was the North American megafauna extinction coincidental with?
answers: text: Younger Dryas impact event

question: What are humans thought to have played a significant role in, in Australia?
answers: text: extinction of the Australian megafauna

question: When was Australian's megafauna widespread?
answers: text: prior to human occupation

question: What along with multiple environmental factors led to the extinction of the holocene megafauna?
answers: text: hunting

question: What replaced the holocene megafauna?
answers: text: smaller herbivores

question: What event was coincidental with the North American megafauna extinction? 
answers: text: Younger Dryas impact event

question: What is thought to have played a significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna?
answers: text: humans

question: What event was Australia's megafauna extinction coincidental with?

question: What did human occupation lead Younger Dryas to be replaced with?

question: What event was megafauna found to be less involved in than previously thought?

question: What was widespread before prehistoric species existed?

question: What event was caused by smaller herbivores in the area?
context: Furthermore, evidence exists that hunting may have been one of the multiple environmental factors leading to extinctions of the holocene megafauna and their replacement by smaller herbivores. North American megafauna extinction was coincidental with the Younger Dryas impact event, possibly making hunting a less critical factor in prehistoric species loss than had been previously thought. However, in other locations such as Australia, humans are thought to have played a very significant role in the extinction of the Australian megafauna that was widespread prior to human occupation.

qas: question: What is undisputed about early humans?
answers: text: were hunters

question: Hunting was important for the emergence of the Homo genus from what?
answers: text: earlier Australopithecines

question: Production of stone tools and control of fire were also pushed forward by what?
answers: text: hunting

question: What became a theme of stories and myths?
answers: text: hunting

question: Hunting allowed what type of rituals?
answers: text: dance and animal sacrifice

question: What is undisputed about earlier humans?
answers: text: humans were hunters

question: What did hunting become a theme of?
answers: text: stories and myths

question: Stone tools and control of fire are emphasised in what hypothesis? 
answers: text: hunting hypothesis

question: What kind of activity would require the use of fire for early humans?

question: Mating behavior was important for the emergence of Homo genus from what?

question: What did omnivory become a theme of for early man?

question: What was animal sacrifice considered to be as part of the emergence of modern humans?

question: What is undisputed about animals that were sacrificed?
context: While it is undisputed that early humans were hunters, the importance of this for the emergence of the Homo genus from the earlier Australopithecines, including the production of stone tools and eventually the control of fire, are emphasised in the hunting hypothesis and de-emphasised in scenarios that stress omnivory and social interaction, including mating behaviour, as essential in the emergence of human behavioural modernity. With the establishment of language, culture, and religion, hunting became a theme of stories and myths, as well as rituals such as dance and animal sacrifice.

qas: question: What type of lifestyle was prevalent in Siberia until the European Age of Discovery?
answers: text: Hunter-gathering

question: Where does the hunter-gathering lifestyle persist, though in decline?
answers: text: some tribal societies

question: Indigenous peoples of the Amazonas preserved what until the recent past?
answers: text: paleolithic hunting-gathering

question: Who are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa?
answers: text: the Hadza of Tanzania

question: Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent until when?
answers: text: European Age of Discovery

question: What parts of the New World did the hunter-gathering lifestyles remain?
answers: text: Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia

question: Who are the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers in Africa?
answers: text: Hadza of Tanzania

question: What age began in Africa that ended hunter-gathering lifestyles?

question: What has happened to Australian society to cause it to fail?

question: Who are the only remaining full-time hunter gatherers in Australia?

question: In what parts of the New World do uncontacted peoples live?

question: What lifestyle did the Age of Discovery preserve in the Amazonas?
context: Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery. They still persist in some tribal societies, albeit in rapid decline. Peoples that preserved paleolithic hunting-gathering until the recent past include some indigenous peoples of the Amazonas (Aché), some Central and Southern African (San people), some peoples of New Guinea (Fayu), the Mlabri of Thailand and Laos, the Vedda people of Sri Lanka, and a handful of uncontacted peoples. In Africa, the only remaining full-time hunter-gatherers are the Hadza of Tanzania.[citation needed]

qas: question: What is Louis Binford's profession?
answers: text: Archaeologist

question: What idea did Binford take issue with?
answers: text: that early hominids and early humans were hunters

question: What did Binford conclude humans were instead of hunters?
answers: text: scavengers

question: What idea did Blumenschine propose?
answers: text: idea of confrontational scavenging

question: What does confrontational scavenging involve doing to other predators after they've made a kill?
answers: text: challenging and scaring off

question: Who is the archaeologist that does not believe early humans were hunters?
answers: text: Louis Binford

question: Louis Binford concluded what based on skeletal remains of consumed animals?
answers: text: hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers

question: What did Robert Blumenschine propose?
answers: text: confrontational scavenging

question: Louis Binford's idea is popular among whom?
answers: text: archaeologists and paleoanthropologists

question: Confrontational scavenging involves doing what to other predators?
answers: text: challenging and scaring off

question: What idea was criticized by Robert Blumenschine?

question: What did Robert Blumenschine analyze to reach his conclusion that humans were hunters?

question: What group is the idea of humans being hunters popular with?

question: What is the first step humans would use when hunting an animal?

question: What would early humans be able to obtain when hunting?
context: Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoanthropologists. Robert Blumenschine proposed the idea of confrontational scavenging, which involves challenging and scaring off other predators after they have made a kill, which he suggests could have been the leading method of obtaining protein-rich meat by early humans.

qas: question: What was a significant contributor to the human food supply?
answers: text: hunting

question: What did the supplementary meat from hunting include?
answers: text: protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather

question: What was the leather from hunting used for?
answers: text: clothing

question: Rocks and spears are examples of some of man's earliest what?
answers: text: hunting weapons

question: Where is hunting still vital?
answers: text: marginal climates

question: Hunt was a significant contributor to what?
answers: text: human food supply

question: Where is hunting still vital?
answers: text: marginal climates

question: Why is hunting still vital in marginal climates?
answers: text: unsuited for pastoral uses or agriculture

question: How are the skins of sea mammals useful for people in the Arctic trap?
answers: text: make kayaks, clothing, and footwear

question: What did development of agriculture significantly contribute to?

question: What did the Inuit people first develop in the Arctic when meat was scarce?

question: What would the Inuit people use to decorate their clothing?

question: What would the Inuit women sometimes use to make jewelry?

question: What was the preferred weapon of the Inuit people for hunting?
context: Even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and after the development of agriculture, hunting was usually a significant contributor to the human food supply. The supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather used in clothing. Man's earliest hunting weapons would have included rocks, spears, the atlatl, and bows and arrows. Hunting is still vital in marginal climates, especially those unsuited for pastoral uses or agriculture.[citation needed] For example, Inuit people in the Arctic trap and hunt animals for clothing and use the skins of sea mammals to make kayaks, clothing, and footwear.

qas: question: What are kings often depicted as on ancient reliefs?
answers: text: hunters

question: What are the kings portrayed as hunting?
answers: text: big game

question: How was the cultural importance of hunting in ancient societies represented?
answers: text: by deities

question: What could the mythological association of prey species with divinity be a form of?
answers: text: hunting restrictions

question: What might the meaning of Euripides' tale be seen as a caution against?
answers: text: disrespect of prey

question: Kings were depicted as hunting what big game from a chariot?
answers: text: lions

question: What is often related to hunting?
answers: text: Taboos

question: Deities represent what importance?
answers: text: cultural and psychological

question: What tale is seen as cautions against disrespecting prey or impudent boasting?
answers: text: Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon

question: What was the main god worshipped in Mesopotamia?

question: What deities came after Cernunnos in Mesopotamia?

question: What animal is associated with the Greek Diana?

question: How is Euripdes often shown as hunting from?

question: What is the tale in Mesopotamia about the horned god Cernunnos a caution against?
context: On ancient reliefs, especially from Mesopotamia, kings are often depicted as hunters of big game such as lions and are often portrayed hunting from a war chariot. The cultural and psychological importance of hunting in ancient societies is represented by deities such as the horned god Cernunnos and lunar goddesses of classical antiquity, the Greek Artemis or Roman Diana. Taboos are often related to hunting, and mythological association of prey species with a divinity could be reflected in hunting restrictions such as a reserve surrounding a temple. Euripides' tale of Artemis and Actaeon, for example, may be seen as a caution against disrespect of prey or impudent boasting.

qas: question: Who in medieval Europe obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory?
answers: text: the upper class

question: What was game in the  areas used by the upper class used as a source of?
answers: text: food and furs

question: What legends show the importance of the proprietary view of game as held by the nobles?
answers: text: Robin Hood

question: What is one of the primary charges against the outlaws in the legend?
answers: text: they "hunt the King's deer

question: What did Anglophone settles take gloried pride in?
answers: text: democratically in hunting for all

question: In medieval Europe who obtained sole rights to hunt in certain areas?
answers: text: upper class

question: What was the game in feudal territory was used as?
answers: text: food and furs

question: Who provided the game obtained in feudal territory?
answers: text: professional huntsmen

question: The importance of can be seen in what legends?
answers: text: Robin Hood

question: Who did Anglophone colonies democratically glorify hunting for?
answers: text: all

question: What activity is everyone allowed to do in the feudal territory of medieval Europe?

question: What was only the aristocracy allowed to do in Anglophone colonies?

question: What type of huntsman were active in Anglophone colonies?

question: What was another reason the aristocracy participated in hunting in Anglophone colonies?

question: What legend was started in the Anglophone colonies by the aristocracy?
context: In most parts of medieval Europe, the upper class obtained the sole rights to hunt in certain areas of a feudal territory. Game in these areas was used as a source of food and furs, often provided via professional huntsmen, but it was also expected to provide a form of recreation for the aristocracy. The importance of this proprietary view of game can be seen in the Robin Hood legends, in which one of the primary charges against the outlaws is that they "hunt the King's deer". In contrast, settlers in Anglophone colonies gloried democratically in hunting for all.

qas: question: What kind of occupation do Hindu scriptures describe hunting as being?
answers: text: acceptable

question: What is one of the names of the god Shiva?
answers: text: Mrigavyadha

question: What is the translation of Mrigavyadha?
answers: text: "the deer hunter"

question: What does Shiva destroy in human beings?
answers: text: animal instincts

question: What talent does Dasharatha have?
answers: text: hunt in the dark

question: What scriptures describe hunting as and acceptable occupation?
answers: text: Hindu

question: Godly figures have engaged in what activity?
answers: text: hunting

question: Mrigavyadha means what?
answers: text: deer hunter

question: Mrigavyadha destroys animal instinct in who?
answers: text: human beings

question: What happened after Krishna was accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter?
answers: text: died

question: How was Shiva accidentally wounded to later die?

question: What does Ramayana destroy in animals?

question: How is Krishna said to be able to hunt?

question: Who did Krishna mistake for game and accidentally kill?

question: Where was Krishna exiled to?
context: Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hunter). The word Mriga, in many Indian languages including Malayalam, not only stands for deer, but for all animals and animal instincts (Mriga Thrishna). Shiva, as Mrigavyadha, is the one who destroys the animal instincts in human beings. In the epic Ramayana, Dasharatha, the father of Rama, is said to have the ability to hunt in the dark. During one of his hunting expeditions, he accidentally killed Shravana, mistaking him for game. During Rama's exile in the forest, Ravana kidnapped his wife, Sita, from their hut, while Rama was asked by Sita to capture a golden deer, and his brother Lakshman went after him. According to the Mahabharat, Pandu, the father of the Pandavas, accidentally killed the sage Kindama and his wife with an arrow, mistaking them for a deer. Krishna is said to have died after being accidentally wounded by an arrow of a hunter.

qas: question: Who has hunting been forbidden to since early Christian times?
answers: text: Roman Catholic Church clerics

question: Who forbid to all servants of God hunting?
answers: text: Corpus Juris Canonici

question: What pope was the Fourth Council of the Lateran held under?
answers: text: Pope Innocent III

question: What does the decree of the Council of Trent imply?
answers: text: not all hunting is illicit

question: What type of hunting is unlawful?
answers: text: clamorosa

question: Who was forbidden to hunt in early Christian time?
answers: text: Roman Catholic Church clerics

question: What forbid hunting in the woods with hounds and keeping hawks or falcons?
answers: text: Corpus Juris Canonici

question: Who held the Fourth Council of the Lateran?
answers: text: Pope Innocent III

question: How is the the decree of the Council of Trent is worded?
answers: text: mildly

question: Who stated quiet hunting is allowed?
answers: text: Council of Trent

question: What kinds of birds were kept by Pope Innocent III?

question: What kind of hunting was legal under the Corpus Juris Canonici?

question: What did the Council of Trent decree forbid servants of God from taking expeditions through the woods with?

question: What pope was the decree of the Council of Trent held under?

question: What does the Corpus Juris Canonici imply to differentiate between types of hunting?
context: From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." The Fourth Council of the Lateran, held under Pope Innocent III, decreed (canon xv): "We interdict hunting or hawking to all clerics." The decree of the Council of Trent is worded more mildly: "Let clerics abstain from illicit hunting and hawking" (Sess. XXIV, De reform., c. xii), which seems to imply that not all hunting is illicit, and canonists generally make a distinction declaring noisy (clamorosa) hunting unlawful, but not quiet (quieta) hunting.

qas: question: What distinction is undoubtedly permissible?
answers: text: between lawful and unlawful hunting

question: What can a bishop absolutely prohibit?
answers: text: all hunting

question: Where did synods prohibit all hunting at?
answers: text: Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere

question: What did Benedict XIV declare about decrees prohibiting hunting?
answers: text: not too severe

question: Who can prohibit hunting to the clerics?
answers: text: bishop

question: Declaration that decrees are not severe was done by who?
answers: text: Benedict XIV

question: What did Synods at Milan, Avignon, Liege, Cologne, and elsewhere do?
answers: text: prohibit all hunting to the clerics

question: What happens if a bishop takes part in hunting?

question: In what areas was it allowed for bishops to hunt?

question: What did Benedict XIV say allowing hunting conformed to?

question: Who was the only pope who took part in quiet hunting?

question: What law was put in place to protect the right of hunting by Benedict XIV?
context: Nevertheless, although a distinction between lawful and unlawful hunting is undoubtedly permissible, it is certain that a bishop can absolutely prohibit all hunting to the clerics of his diocese, as was done by synods at Milan, Avignon, Liège, Cologne, and elsewhere. Benedict XIV (De synodo diœces., l. II, c. x) declared that such synodal decrees are not too severe, as an absolute prohibition of hunting is more conformable to the ecclesiastical law. In practice, therefore, the synodal statutes of various localities must be consulted to discover whether they allow quiet hunting or prohibit it altogether.

qas: question: What does New Zealand have?
answers: text: strong hunting culture

question: What was the only land mammal native to New Zealand?
answers: text: bats

question: Why were game animals introduced by acclimatisation societies?
answers: text: to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource

question: Why did the population of pigs and rabbits explode in New Zealand?
answers: text: no natural predators

question: What do government agencies view the animals as?
answers: text: pests

question: What country has a strong hunting culture?
answers: text: New Zealand

question: What were the the only land mammal in New Zealand?
answers: text: bats

question: What is New Zealand made up of?
answers: text: islands

question: Game animals were introduced here by whom?
answers: text: acclimatisation societies

question: What resulted having no natural predators for the animals introduced?
answers: text: their population exploded

question: What mammal was the only one that existed originally in Europe?

question: What were bats originally used for in Europe?

question: What kind of culture does Europe have?

question: What group introduced pigs to Europe?

question: How do acclimatisation societies in Europe view bats?
context: New Zealand has a strong hunting culture. The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats. However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource. Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and chamois all adapted well to the New Zealand terrain, and with no natural predators, their population exploded. Government agencies view the animals as pests due to their effects on the natural environment and on agricultural production, but hunters view them as a resource.

qas: question: What was hunting regarded as in British India?
answers: text: regal sport

question: What does the Indian word "shikaris" mean in English?
answers: text: big-game hunters

question: What did British officers maintain whole corps of?
answers: text: shikaris

question: Why did the regals recruit low-ranking local tribes when hunting?
answers: text: because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques

question: What could a Bengal tiger be hunted from the back of?
answers: text: an elephant

question: Where was hunting reguarded as a regal sport?
answers: text: British India

question: What is hunted from the back of an elephant?
answers: text: Bengal tigers

question: Who did British officers maintain?
answers: text: shikaris

question: Who were the shikaris headed by?
answers: text: master of the hunt

question: Why were low-ranking local tribes recruited?
answers: text: because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques

question: What was shikari regarded as in British India?

question: What is the definition of maharaja?

question: What two things were needed to successfully hunt an elephant?

question: What country had the largest population of elephants in the world?

question: Who did local tribes work with when taking down a Bengal tiger?
context: During the feudal and colonial times in British India, hunting was regarded as a regal sport in the numerous princely states, as many maharajas and nawabs, as well as British officers, maintained a whole corps of shikaris (big-game hunters), who were native professional hunters. They would be headed by a master of the hunt, who might be styled mir-shikar. Often, they recruited the normally low-ranking local tribes because of their traditional knowledge of the environment and hunting techniques. Big game, such as Bengal tigers, might be hunted from the back of an elephant.

qas: question: What norms are generally antagonistic to hunting?
answers: text: Regional social

question: What sect lays special emphasis on conservation of particular species?
answers: text: Bishnoi

question: What bans the killing of all wild animals in India?
answers: text: Wildlife Protection Act of 1972

question: Who may permit a person to hunt animals in India despite it being banned?
answers: text: the Chief Wildlife Warden

question: Whose property does the body of any wild animal killed or wounded become?
answers: text: government

question: Who lay special emphasis on conservation of particular species?
answers: text: Bishnoi

question: What bans the killing of all wild animals?
answers: text: India's Wildlife Protection Act

question: What year was this protection act put into place?
answers: text: 1972

question: Who can permit a person to hunt wild animals?
answers: text: Chief Wildlife Warden

question: What happens to the body of the wild animal killed?
answers: text: becomes government property

question: What group of people was first discovered in 1972?

question: What have the Bishnoi banned the killing of since 1972?

question: What act was drafted to ban the killing of only antelope?

question: What becomes the property of the Bishnoi if its killed or wounded?

question: In what year did the antelope population first start to decline?
context: Regional social norms are generally antagonistic to hunting, while a few sects, such as the Bishnoi, lay special emphasis on the conservation of particular species, such as the antelope. India's Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 bans the killing of all wild animals. However, the Chief Wildlife Warden may, if satisfied that any wild animal from a specified list has become dangerous to human life, or is so disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery, permit any person to hunt such an animal. In this case, the body of any wild animal killed or wounded becomes government property.

qas: question: What type of hunting is most closely associated with the UK?
answers: text: fox hunting

question: How do the English hunt foxes?
answers: text: on horseback with hounds

question: In England, what is hunted when "shooting" is called for?
answers: text: birds

question: Why were foxes originally hunted?
answers: text: form of vermin control to protect livestock

question: How is deer stalking with rifles carried out?
answers: text: on foot without hounds, using stealth

question: What hunting is done on horseback with hounds?
answers: text: fox

question: Hunting horseback with hound is associated with whom?
answers: text: United Kingdom

question: In Victorian times a popular social activity was?
answers: text: fox hunting

question: What is carried out on foot without hounds?
answers: text: Deer stalking

question: Hounds were used for what purpose?
answers: text: to pursue

question: What was deer stalking with rifles originally a form of?

question: What did deer stalking originally aim to protect?

question: In what time did deer stalking become popular?

question: What group did deer stalking become popular with?

question: What kind of activity was deer stalking considered for both riders and followers?
context: Unarmed fox hunting on horseback with hounds is the type of hunting most closely associated with the United Kingdom; in fact, "hunting" without qualification implies fox hunting. What in other countries is called "hunting" is called "shooting" (birds) or "stalking" (deer) in Britain. Originally a form of vermin control to protect livestock, fox hunting became a popular social activity for newly wealthy upper classes in Victorian times and a traditional rural activity for riders and foot followers alike. Similar to fox hunting in many ways is the chasing of hares with hounds. Pairs of Sight hounds (or long-dogs), such as greyhounds, may be used to pursue a hare in coursing, where the greyhounds are marked as to their skill in coursing the hare (but are not intended to actually catch it), or the hare may be pursued with scent hounds such as beagles or harriers. Other sorts of foxhounds may also be used for hunting stags (deer) or mink. Deer stalking with rifles is carried out on foot without hounds, using stealth.

qas: question: What does shooting in Britain require little questing for?
answers: text: game

question: About how many birds are released onto shooting estates every year in the UK?
answers: text: thirty-five million

question: What kind of affairs can shoots be?
answers: text: elaborate

question: Who uses swinging sticks or flags to drive game out?
answers: text: "beaters"

question: What is the Glorious Twelfth in the UK?
answers: text: open season for grouse

question: About how many birds are released onto shooting estates every year?
answers: text: thirty-five million

question: Who swings sticks or flags to drive game out?
answers: text: beaters

question: When does open season for grouse begin in the UK?
answers: text: 12 August

question: What is the UK definition of game is governed by?
answers: text: Game Act 1831

question: Why are assistants used?
answers: text: help load shotguns

question: How many people have taken part in shooting in the UK since 1831?

question: On what day do assistants need to have gun safety training?

question: What is another name for the Game Act?

question: In what year did factory farms first legally begin production in the UK?

question: What is another name for a gun placed in position?
context: Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed. Shoots can be elaborate affairs with guns placed in assigned positions and assistants to help load shotguns. When in position, "beaters" move through the areas of cover, swinging sticks or flags to drive the game out. Such events are often called "drives". The open season for grouse in the UK begins on 12 August, the so-called Glorious Twelfth. The definition of game in the United Kingdom is governed by the Game Act 1831.

qas: question: What law primarily regulates hunting?
answers: text: state

question: What additional type of law applies in the case of migratory birds and endangered species?
answers: text: environmental

question: What varies widely from state to state?
answers: text: Regulations

question: What do some states make a distinction between?
answers: text: protected species and unprotected species

question: What do hunters of protected species require in all states?
answers: text: a hunting license

question: How is hunting regulated?
answers: text: by state law

question: Migratory birds and endangered species are protected by what law?
answers: text: United States environmental law

question: What hunters require a hunting license in all states?
answers: text: Hunters of protected species

question: What is sometimes a prerequisite of obtaining a hunting license?
answers: text: hunting safety course

question: What law regulates the elimination of vermin?

question: In the case of vermin, what additional type of law applies?

question: What do hunters of vermin need to have in all states?

question: What do you need to complete before you can hunt vermin?

question: What do state regulations govern regarding hunting vermin?
context: Hunting is primarily regulated by state law; additional regulations are imposed through United States environmental law in the case of migratory birds and endangered species. Regulations vary widely from state to state and govern the areas, time periods, techniques and methods by which specific game animals may be hunted. Some states make a distinction between protected species and unprotected species (often vermin or varmints for which there are no hunting regulations). Hunters of protected species require a hunting license in all states, for which completion of a hunting safety course is sometimes a prerequisite.

qas: question: What is required when hunting big game?
answers: text: a "tag" for each animal harvested

question: Tags are purchased in addition to what?
answers: text: the hunting license

question: What is typically limited to an individual?
answers: text: number of tags issued

question: A wildlife management unit is a place where what may be restricted to?
answers: text: Tags

question: What kind of stamp is required to hunt migratory waterfowl?
answers: text: duck

question: When hunting big game what is typically required?
answers: text: tag

question: What must be purchased with hunting license is comes in a limited number?
answers: text: Tags

question: How are tags assigned if there are more hunters than game?
answers: text: by lottery

question: What is required of hunting migratory waterfowl?
answers: text: duck stamp

question: Who issues requirement for hunting migratory waterfowl?
answers: text: Fish and Wildlife Service

question: What do you need to obtain a fishing license?

question: How many people are recruited to work at the Fish and Wildlife Service each year?

question: If there are more applicants than positions at the Fish and Wildlife Service how do they choose prospective employees?

question: Where do Fish and Wildlife employees usually work?

question: What limits how many employees can work at the Fish and Wildlife Service each year?
context: Hunting big game typically requires a "tag" for each animal harvested. Tags must be purchased in addition to the hunting license, and the number of tags issued to an individual is typically limited. In cases where there are more prospective hunters than the quota for that species, tags are usually assigned by lottery. Tags may be further restricted to a specific area, or wildlife management unit. Hunting migratory waterfowl requires a duck stamp from the Fish and Wildlife Service in addition to the appropriate state hunting license.

qas: question: How is gun usage typically regulated?
answers: text: game category, area within the state, and time period

question: What often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms?
answers: text: Regulations for big-game hunting

question: Why is the use of rifles often banned?
answers: text: safety reasons

question: Why may regulations ban the use of lead in ammunition?
answers: text: environmental concerns

question: Why are specific seasons for bow hunting established?
answers: text: limit competition with hunters using more effective weapons

question: Why are the use of rifles banned?
answers: text: safety reasons

question: How is gun useage regulated?
answers: text: by game category

question: What is specified in big-game hunting?
answers: text: minimum caliber

question: By what category is bow hunting regulated?

question: Why would the use of a bow for hunting be banned?

question: In what areas is bow hunting banned?

question: What do certain seasons for the use of rifles try to limit?

question: Why is firearm muzzle energy often limited?
context: Gun usage in hunting is typically regulated by game category, area within the state, and time period. Regulations for big-game hunting often specify a minimum caliber or muzzle energy for firearms. The use of rifles is often banned for safety reasons in areas with high population densities or limited topographic relief. Regulations may also limit or ban the use of lead in ammunition because of environmental concerns. Specific seasons for bow hunting or muzzle-loading black-powder guns are often established to limit competition with hunters using more effective weapons.

qas: question: What is hunting in the U.S. not associated with?
answers: text: any particular class or culture

question: What percentage of Americans supported legal hunting in 2006?
answers: text: seventy-eight percent

question: What percentage of Americans actually hunted at the beginning of the 21st century?
answers: text: just six percent

question: What percentage of Midwesterners hunted?
answers: text: twelve percent

question: How much did the number of hunters over the age of sixteen decline in the period between 1996-2006?
answers: text: ten percent

question: What percentage of Americans support legal hunting?
answers: text: seventy-eight percent

question: What percentage of Americans actually hunted at the beginning of the 21st century?
answers: text: six percent

question: South Easterners hunted at what rate?
answers: text: five percent

question: Midwesterners hunted at what rate?
answers: text: twelve percent

question: What years did hunting decline?
answers: text: 1996–2006

question: What are recreation habits not associated with in the US?

question: How many Americans were over the age of sixteen in the 21st century?

question: From 1996-2006 what percentage of Americans moved to the midwest?

question: In 2006 what percentage of Americans had been to the eastern seaboard?

question: What percentage of states in the midwest had habitat loss on farms?
context: Hunting in the United States is not associated with any particular class or culture; a 2006 poll showed seventy-eight percent of Americans supported legal hunting, although relatively few Americans actually hunt. At the beginning of the 21st century, just six percent of Americans hunted. Southerners in states along the eastern seaboard hunted at a rate of five percent, slightly below the national average, and while hunting was more common in other parts of the South at nine percent, these rates did not surpass those of the Plains states, where twelve percent of Midwesterners hunted. Hunting in other areas of the country fell below the national average. Overall, in the 1996–2006 period, the number of hunters over the age of sixteen declined by ten percent, a drop attributable to a number of factors including habitat loss and changes in recreation habits.

qas: question: When do hunting regulations date from in the US?
answers: text: 19th century

question: What do some modern hunters see themselves as?
answers: text: conservationists and sportsmen

question: What organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport?
answers: text: Local hunting clubs and national organizations

question: Ducks Unlimited and the Delta Waterfowl are examples of groups representing what?
answers: text: a specific hunting interest

question: What do many hunting groups participate in doing at the federal and state level?
answers: text: lobbying

question: What do modern hunters see themselves as?
answers: text: conservationists and sportsmen

question: Who provides hunter education?
answers: text: Local hunting clubs

question: What do hunting groups also participate in?
answers: text: lobbying the federal government and state government

question: What century is U.S. regulations dates from?
answers: text: 19th

question: In what century was the Crockett Club founded?

question: What group did Theodore Roosevelt belong to in the 19th century?

question: What did Boone participate in at the federal and state level?

question: What do lobbyists see themselves as?

question: When was pheasant first hunted in the US?
context: Regulation of hunting within the United States dates from the 19th century. Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the mode of Theodore Roosevelt and the Boone and Crockett Club. Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the sport by buying land for future hunting use. Some groups represent a specific hunting interest, such as Ducks Unlimited, Pheasants Forever, or the Delta Waterfowl Foundation. Many hunting groups also participate in lobbying the federal government and state government.

qas: question: How much money is distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs each year?
answers: text: $200 million

question: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps raised since 1934?
answers: text: over $700 million

question: How many acres can the money raised from the sale of federal duck stamps help purchase?
answers: text: 5,200,000 acres

question: What do states use some of the money from hunting licenses to assist with?
answers: text: management of game animals

question: What is a key task of state park rangers and game wardens?
answers: text: to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting

question: Who are federal excise taxes are distributed to?
answers: text: state agencies

question: What do the taxes support?
answers: text: wildlife management programs

question: How much has Federal Duck Stamps raised?
answers: text: $700 million

question: What does land has Federal Duck Stamp money helped purchase?
answers: text: 5,200,000 acres

question: Park rangers and game wardens enforce laws and regulations related to what?
answers: text: hunting

question: In what year was the National Wildlife Refuge system created?

question: How much money has been spent to hire park rangers since 1934?

question: What is a key task of state agencies since 1934?

question: What is the annual budget of the National Wildlife Refuge system?

question: How many acres of land were for sale in the US in 1934?
context: Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over sixteen years old, has raised over $700 million to help purchase more than 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat for the National Wildlife Refuge System lands that support waterfowl and many other wildlife species and are often open to hunting. States also collect money from hunting licenses to assist with management of game animals, as designated by law. A key task of federal and state park rangers and game wardens is to enforce laws and regulations related to hunting, including species protection, hunting seasons, and hunting bans.

qas: question: What is varmint hunting an American phrase for?
answers: text: selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests

question: What does varmint hunting achieve? 
answers: text: selective control of pests

question: What detrimental effects are varmint species often responsible for visiting on?
answers: text: crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets.

question: Where has a non-native rodent known as a nutria become very destructive?
answers: text: Louisiana

question: What has the state of Louisiana done to combat the nutria?
answers: text: initiated a bounty program

question: What is phrased for selective killing of non-game animals.
answers: text: Varmint hunting

question: What was once considered a varmint but is now protected?
answers: text: wolves

question: What is the non-native varmint of Louisiana?
answers: text: nutria

question: What did Louisiana initiate to control the varmint population?
answers: text: bounty program

question: What has the state of Louisiana created to control the population of wild rabbits?

question: What were crows once categorized as but are not longer considered to be?

question: What are nutria often used for when hunted?

question: What does having livestock cause detrimental effects on when you own a farm?

question: What does having livestock help achieve the control of?
context: Varmint hunting is an American phrase for the selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests. While not always an efficient form of pest control, varmint hunting achieves selective control of pests while providing recreation and is much less regulated. Varmint species are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Some animals, such as wild rabbits or squirrels, may be utilised for fur or meat, but often no use is made of the carcass. Which species are varmints depends on the circumstance and area. Common varmints may include various rodents, coyotes, crows, foxes, feral cats, and feral hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. In the US state of Louisiana, a non-native rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state has initiated a bounty program to help control the population.

qas: question: When was internet hunting introduced?
answers: text: 2005

question: How did Internet hunting allow people to hunt?
answers: text: using remotely controlled guns

question: Who criticized the practice of Internet hunting?
answers: text: hunters

question: What did hunters feel hunting over the Internet violated?
answers: text: principles of fair chase

question: What has the NRA always maintained that being in the field with your firearm is?
answers: text: an important element of hunting tradition

question: What allows people to hunt over the internet?
answers: text: Internet hunting

question: When was this type of hunting introduced?
answers: text: 2005

question: How is this type of hunting done?
answers: text: hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns

question: What was the principle was this type of hunting said to violate?
answers: text: fair chase

question: Who spoke on this violation?
answers: text: National Rifle Association (NRA)

question: In what year was the NRA founded?

question: What practice was introduced by the NRA in 2005?

question: Sitting at your desk and doing what are the best ways to hunt according to the NRA?

question: What are remotely controlled guns an important element of in hunting according to hunters?

question: In what year were hunters able to first become members of the NRA?
context: When Internet hunting was introduced in 2005, allowing people to hunt over the Internet using remotely controlled guns, the practice was widely criticised by hunters as violating the principles of fair chase. As a representative of the National Rifle Association (NRA) explained, "The NRA has always maintained that fair chase, being in the field with your firearm or bow, is an important element of hunting tradition. Sitting at your desk in front of your computer, clicking at a mouse, has nothing to do with hunting."

qas: question: Where is there a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game?
answers: text: Trinidad and Tobago

question: Approximately how many sport hunters applied for hunting licences in recent years?
answers: text: 12,000

question: What is there a very lucrative and thriving black market for?
answers: text: poached wild game

question: What is hunting pressure from?
answers: text: high

question: What very active tradition Trinidad and Tabago have?
answers: text: hunting of small to medium-sized wild game

question: What animal aids in the hunting?
answers: text: hounds

question: What population has extirpated?
answers: text: red brocket deer

question: What do hunters pay to obtain hunting license?
answers: text: very small fees

question: What is traded on the black market in Delaware?

question: What is the number of poachers located in Delaware?

question: What training is needed to get a hunting license in Delaware?

question: What is the state of the wildlife authority in Delaware?

question: How often is hunting occurring in Delaware each year?
context: There is a very active tradition of hunting of small to medium-sized wild game in Trinidad and Tobago. Hunting is carried out with firearms, and aided by the use of hounds, with the illegal use of trap guns, trap cages and snare nets. With approximately 12,000 sport hunters applying for hunting licences in recent years (in a very small country of about the size of the state of Delaware at about 5128 square kilometers and 1.3 million inhabitants), there is some concern that the practice might not be sustainable. In addition there are at present no bag limits and the open season is comparatively very long (5 months - October to February inclusive). As such hunting pressure from legal hunters is very high. Added to that, there is a thriving and very lucrative black market for poached wild game (sold and enthusiastically purchased as expensive luxury delicacies) and the numbers of commercial poachers in operation is unknown but presumed to be fairly high. As a result, the populations of the five major mammalian game species (red-rumped agouti, lowland paca, nine-banded armadillo, collared peccary, and red brocket deer) are thought to be quite low (although scientifically conducted population studies are only just recently being conducted as of 2013). It appears that the red brocket deer population has been extirpated on Tobago as a result of over-hunting. Various herons, ducks, doves, the green iguana, the gold tegu, the spectacled caiman and the common opossum are also commonly hunted and poached. There is also some poaching of 'fully protected species', including red howler monkeys and capuchin monkeys, southern tamanduas, Brazilian porcupines, yellow-footed tortoises, Trinidad piping guans and even one of the national birds, the scarlet ibis. Legal hunters pay very small fees to obtain hunting licences and undergo no official basic conservation biology or hunting-ethics training. There is presumed to be relatively very little subsistence hunting in the country (with most hunting for either sport or commercial profit). The local wildlife management authority is under-staffed and under-funded, and as such very little in the way of enforcement is done to uphold existing wildlife management laws, with hunting occurring both in and out of season, and even in wildlife sanctuaries. There is some indication that the government is beginning to take the issue of wildlife management more seriously, with well drafted legislation being brought before Parliament in 2015. It remains to be seen if the drafted legislation will be fully adopted and financially supported by the current and future governments, and if the general populace will move towards a greater awareness of the importance of wildlife conservation and change the culture of wanton consumption to one of sustainable management.

qas: question: What does hunting give resource managers an important tool?
answers: text: managing populations

question: What is carrying capacity in most circumstances determined by?
answers: text: combination habitat and food availability,

question: What do some environmentalists assert reintroducing predators would achieve?
answers: text: same end

question: How is hunting an important tool for resource managers?
answers: text: managing populations

question: What happens if a population exceeds the carrying capacity of their habitat?
answers: text: threaten the well-being of other species

question: How can hunting actually increase the population of predators?
answers: text: by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established

question: What do some hunting advocates assert that is indirectly reduced among animals when intraspecific competition has been reduced?
answers: text: mortality

question: What would environmentalists have done, instead of hunting?
answers: text: (re)introducing predators

question: What is an important tool in managing populations?
answers: text: Hunting

question: What is carrying capacity determined by?
answers: text: combination habitat and food availability

question: What can it increase the population of?
answers: text: predators

question: What does animal migration help resource managers do?

question: What does animal migration threaten the well-being of?

question: Who's health can be damaged by animal migration?

question: What does animal migration reduce competition for?

question: What does using migration as population control have no effect on?
context: Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety.[citation needed] However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species.[citation needed] In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excess neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who?] assert that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, reducing mortality among the remaining animals. Some environmentalists assert[who?] that (re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain.

qas: question: What did sport hunters in the 19th century purse game for?
answers: text: trophy

question: What was the head of an animal displayed as?
answers: text: sign of prowess

question: What happened to the rest of the animal?
answers: text: s typically discarded

question: What did some churches disapprove of?
answers: text: such waste

question: What countries frowned upon this hunting?
answers: text: Nordic

question: What was the only goal for many European sport hunters in the 19th century?
answers: text: a trophy

question: What types of trophies would hunters keep as trophies to be displayed as a sign of their prowess?
answers: text: the head or pelt of an animal

question: In what countries was the hunting for trophies frowned upon, back in the day and in modern times?
answers: text: Nordic

question: What was hunting in North American in the 19th century used to supplement? 
answers: text: food supplies

question: What destinations did sport hunting see elaborate travel to in the pursuit of trophies?
answers: text: Africa, India and other places

question: What century was game hunted as a trophy?
answers: text: 19th

question: What countries is trophy hunting frowned upon?
answers: text: Nordic

question: What did North America primarily hunt for?
answers: text: food supplies

question: What sport of hunting is in Africa?
answers: text: safari method

question: What did hunters in Nordic countries display as a sign of prowess in the 19th century?

question: What would Nordic hunters do with the rest of an animal after mounting a trophy?

question: Why was hunting usually done in Nordic countries in the 19th century?

question: Why does hunting take place in Nordic countries today?

question: In what two countries did Nordic people hunt for trophies?
context: In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was typically discarded. Some cultures, however, disapprove of such waste. In Nordic countries, hunting for trophies was—and still is—frowned upon. Hunting in North America in the 19th century was done primarily as a way to supplement food supplies, although it is now undertaken mainly for sport.[citation needed] The safari method of hunting was a development of sport hunting that saw elaborate travel in Africa, India and other places in pursuit of trophies. In modern times, trophy hunting persists and is a significant industry in some areas.[citation needed]

qas: question: What Continent did the biological Conservation state trophy hunting is of major importance to the conservation of?
answers: text: Africa

question: What does hunting create economic incentives for?
answers: text: conservation

question: What did another study show that less than 3% of reached the local level?
answers: text: expenditures

question: What type of studies does the Biological Conservation journal publish?
answers: text: scientific

question: Why is trophy hunting important to conservation in Africa?
answers: text: creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas

question: Trophy hunting can include areas which would likely be unsuitable for what other types of ecotourism?
answers: text: photographic

question: How much of a trophy hunters' expenditures actually reach the local level, according to another study?
answers: text: less than 3%

question: What thus is the level of economic incentive and benefit?
answers: text: minimal

question: What is of major importance in Africa?
answers: text: trophy hunting

question: What does trophy hunting create in Africa?
answers: text: economic incentives for conservation

question: How much of trophy hunters expenditures actually reach the local level?
answers: text: less than 3%

question: What percentage of people read the journal Biological Conservation each year?

question: What is photographic ecotourism of major importance to in Africa?

question: How does photographic ecotourism help preserve wildlife in Africa?

question: What group funded the Biological Conservation study?

question: What did another study show that less than 3% of was used to mount trophies?
context: A scientific study in the journal, Biological Conservation, states that trophy hunting is of "major importance to conservation in Africa by creating economic incentives for conservation over vast areas, including areas which may be unsuitable for alternative wildlife-based land uses such as photographic ecotourism." However, another study states that less than 3% of a trophy hunters' expenditures reach the local level, meaning that the economic incentive and benefit is "minimal, particularly when we consider the vast areas of land that hunting concessions occupy."

qas: question: What do a variety of industries benefit from?
answers: text: hunting

question: Where is it estimated that a hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist?
answers: text: Tanzania

question: Where does the average safari hunter stay in?
answers: text: tented camps

question: Advocates argue these hunters allow for what type of activities? 
answers: text: anti-poaching

question: What do a variety of industries obtain benefit from?
answers: text: hunting

question: In what country is it estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times what an average ecotourist does?
answers: text: Tanzania

question: What type of accommodations does the average photographer touring Tanzania seek?
answers: text: luxury

question: Where does the typical safari hunter hang his hat at night?
answers: text: in tented camps

question: Where can safari hunters go which are uninviting to the less hardcore ecotourist?
answers: text: remote areas

question: How much does a safari hunter spend compared to an average ecotourist?
answers: text: fifty to one hundred times

question: What does the photo tourist seek?
answers: text: luxury accommodation

question: Where does a safari hunter usually stay?
answers: text: tented camps

question: What hunters allow for anti-poaching activities?
answers: text: Safari hunters

question: What kind of camps do ecotourists usually stay in?

question: What do tented camps benefit from?

question: Why do tented camps support hunting?

question: How many times a day do local communities stop poaching activity?

question: What country has the most areas that are hard to reach by car?
context: A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented camps. Safari hunters are also more likely to use remote areas, uninviting to the typical ecotourist. Advocates argue that these hunters allow for anti-poaching activities and revenue for local communities.[citation needed]

qas: question: Hunting has significant financial impact in what country?
answers: text: the United States

question: What do many companies specialize in apropos to hunting?
answers: text: equipment or speciality tourism

question: "There's an app for that!",  what have been different technologies been created to do?
answers: text: assist hunters

question: What broad range of backgrounds do today's hunters come from?
answers: text: economic, social, and cultural

question: How much money did the thirteen million hunters spend on their sport in 2001?
answers: text: over $20.5 billion

question: What type of financial impact does hunting have on the U.S.?
answers: text: significant financial impact

question: What has been developed in the U.S. to help hunters?
answers: text: different technologies

question: One technology that is available for hunters in the U.S. is?
answers: text: iPhone applications

question: How much did hunters spend in 2001?
answers: text: over $20.5 billion

question: What do the proceeds from hunting assist with?
answers: text: preservation of wildlife habitat

question: In what country was the IPhone first developed?

question: How much did consumers spend on the IPhone in 2001?

question: What is one cause that was most supported by IPhone users in 2001?

question: How many people owned IPhones in 2001?

question: How many types of technology went into the creation of the IPhone?
context: Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, even including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultural backgrounds. In 2001, over thirteen million hunters averaged eighteen days hunting, and spent over $20.5 billion on their sport.[citation needed] In the US, proceeds from hunting licenses contribute to state game management programs, including preservation of wildlife habitat.

qas: question: What has excessive hunting contributed heavily to?
answers: text: the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals

question: What do Steller's sea cow, the bluebuck, and the Javan tigers all have in common?
answers: text: extinction

question: Why have poachers killed endangered animals?
answers: text: primarily for commercial sale or sport.

question: How have the North American cougar and Asian elephant been hunted?
answers: text: to endangerment or extinction

question: How is excessive hunting related to the extinction of species?
answers: text: contributed heavily

question: What contributes to endangerment?
answers: text: excessive hunting

question: What have poachers contributed to hunting?
answers: text: endangerment

question: What is the main predator of the quagga?

question: What animal was hunted mainly by Javan tigers?

question: What animal could usually be found with the markhor?

question: The thylacine usually tried to avoid which animal?

question: Which animal was similar to the North American cougar?
context: However, excessive hunting and poachers have also contributed heavily to the endangerment, extirpation and extinction of many animals, such as the quagga, the great auk, Steller's sea cow, the thylacine, the bluebuck, the Arabian oryx, the Caspian and Javan tigers, the markhor, the Sumatran rhinoceros, the bison, the North American cougar, the Altai argali sheep, the Asian elephant and many more, primarily for commercial sale or sport. All these animals have been hunted to endangerment or extinction.

qas: question: Who signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?
answers: text: President Franklin D. Roosevelt

question: When did Roosevelt sign the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act?
answers: text: 16 March 1934

question: What does the Act require all hunters over the age of sixteen to do?
answers: text: an annual stamp purchase

question: What do 98% of all the funds generated by the stamp sales go to?
answers: text: the purchase or lease of wetland habitat

question: How much of the nation's endangered species is it estimated benefits from the protection afford by the Duck Stamp funds?
answers: text: one third

question: What act was signed in 1934?
answers: text: Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act

question: What President signed this act?
answers: text: Franklin D. Roosevelt

question: What is the requirement of the act?
answers: text: annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen

question: What do the stamps depict?
answers: text: wildlife artwork

question: What percentage of the endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp Funds.
answers: text: one third

question: In what year was the US Postal Service created?

question: What President founded the US Postal Service?

question: On what date was the National Wildlife Refuge System created?

question: How many of the waterfowl in the US were endangered in 1934?

question: What is the minimum age needed to take part in the US Postal Service stamp art contest?
context: On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play an important role in habitat conservation because ninety-eight percent of all funds generated by their sale go directly toward the purchase or lease of wetland habitat for protection in the National Wildlife Refuge System.[citation needed] In addition to waterfowl, it is estimated that one third of the nation's endangered species seek food and shelter in areas protected using Duck Stamp funds.[citation needed]

qas: question: How much money has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps generated since 1934?
answers: text: $670 million

question: How many acres has the sale of Federal Duck Stamps helped to purchase or lease since 1934?
answers: text: 5,200,000 acres

question: What do the stamps give the purchaser a license to do?
answers: text: hunt migratory birds

question: Who accounts for eighty-seven percent of the sale of duck stamps?
answers: text: hunters

question: Who manages the distribution of the funds obtained by the sale of the stamps?
answers: text: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission

question: How much money has been generated due to the Duck Stamp act?
answers: text: $670 million

question: How much land has the Duck Stamp Act help purchase?
answers: text: 5,200,000 acres

question: What do the Duck Stamps serve as?
answers: text: license to hunt migratory birds

question: What percent of sales are contributed by hunters?
answers: text: eighty-seven

question: Who manages distribution of funds?
answers: text: Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC)

question: In what year was the MBCC created?

question: What is needed to enter MBCC areas?

question: What does the MBCC buy a significant number of?

question: What percentage of hunters belong to the MBCC?

question: What is required to work at the MBCC?
context: Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps has generated $670 million, and helped to purchase or lease 5,200,000 acres (8,100 sq mi; 21,000 km2) of habitat. The stamps serve as a license to hunt migratory birds, an entrance pass for all National Wildlife Refuge areas, and are also considered collectors items often purchased for aesthetic reasons outside of the hunting and birding communities. Although non-hunters buy a significant number of Duck Stamps, eighty-seven percent of their sales are contributed by hunters, which is logical, as hunters are required to purchase them. Distribution of funds is managed by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC).

qas: question: What large species of antelope once made its home in the desert areas of the Middle East?
answers: text: The Arabian oryx

question: Why did sport hunters find the Arabian oryx to be a worthwhile quarry to hunt?
answers: text: the species' striking appearance

question: When did the Arabian oryx become extinct in the wild due to sport hunting?
answers: text: 1972

question: How did hunters obliterate the advantage bestowed upon the oryx by evolution?
answers: text: use of automobiles and high-powered rifles

question: What animal has made a miraculous comeback and been upgraded from "extinct in the wild" to "vulnerable"?
answers: text: Arabian oryx

question: What is a species of large antelope?
answers: text: Arabian oryx

question: What did the large antelope species once inhabit?
answers: text: much of the desert areas of the Middle East

question: What destroyed the Arabian oryx only advantage of speed.
answers: text: automobiles and high-powered rifles

question: When did the Arabian oryx become extinct?
answers: text: 1972

question: What contributed to the Arabian oryx rise from extinct to vulnerable?
answers: text: conservation efforts

question: In what year was oil first drilled for in the Middle East?

question: Why has the scimitar-horned oryx make a comeback?

question: What status has the scimitar-horned oryx been upgraded to?

question: What status was the addax upgraded from in 1972?

question: What feature in land areas of the Middle East first attracted foreign oil executives?
context: The Arabian oryx, a species of large antelope, once inhabited much of the desert areas of the Middle East. However, the species' striking appearance made it (along with the closely related scimitar-horned oryx and addax) a popular quarry for sport hunters, especially foreign executives of oil companies working in the region.[citation needed] The use of automobiles and high-powered rifles destroyed their only advantage: speed, and they became extinct in the wild exclusively due to sport hunting in 1972. The scimitar-horned oryx followed suit, while the addax became critically endangered. However, the Arabian oryx has now made a comeback and been upgraded from “extinct in the wild” to “vulnerable” due to conservation efforts like captive breeding

qas: question: What type of creature is the American bison?
answers: text: a large bovid

question: What did the American bison inhabit much of prior to the 1800s?
answers: text: western North America

question: What did market hunters leave the parts of the bison they didn't need to do?
answers: text: rot

question: What was the population of bison herds around prior to being eliminated by thousands of market hunters?
answers: text: several million

question: What is the current status of bison?
answers: text: near-threatened

question: What did large herds of bison attract?
answers: text: market hunters

question: What part of North America did the bison live?
answers: text: western

question: Why were the bison killed?
answers: text: for their hides

question: What did hunter do with the rest of the bison?
answers: text: leaving the rest to rot

question: What do bison still remain?
answers: text: near-threatened

question: What area did market hunters come from in the 1880's?

question: How much did a bison hide cost in the 1800's?

question: What was the population of the US in 1880?

question: What areas of the US were settled first in 1880?

question: What were buildings prone to when built in a prarie area?
context: The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds. However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot. Thousands of these hunters quickly eliminated the bison herds, bringing the population from several million in the early 1800s to a few hundred by the 1880s. Conservation efforts have allowed the population to increase, but the bison remains near-threatened.

qas: question: Why has Botswana been forced to ban trophy hunting altogether?
answers: text: a precipitous wildlife decline

question: What plummeting numbers of this species caused a decline in predator numbers?
answers: text: antelope

question: What species saw its numbers rising while elephant numbers remained stable?
answers: text: hippopotamus

question: What factors other than trophy hunting are responsible for the decline of wildlife in Botswana?
answers: text: poaching, drought and habitat loss

question: What other African country has also recently banned trophy hunting?
answers: text: Uganda

question: What Botswana was resently forced to do?
answers: text: ban trophy hunting

question: What animal declined across Botswana?
answers: text: antelope

question: What animal numbers have increased in Botswana?
answers: text: hippopotamus

question: What animal numbers remain stable in Botswana?
answers: text: elephant

question: What else is partly to blame for the declining number of animals in Botswana and Uganda? 
answers: text: poaching

question: What happened to antelope in Uganda?

question: What happened in Uganda after antelope numbers fell?

question: How was the elephant population in Uganda?

question: What animal population increased in Uganda?

question: What did Botswana argue sport hunting wouldn't be able to stop?
context: In contrast, Botswana has recently been forced to ban trophy hunting following a precipitous wildlife decline. The numbers of antelope plummeted across Botswana, with a resultant decline in predator numbers, while elephant numbers remained stable and hippopotamus numbers rose. According to the government of Botswana, trophy hunting is at least partly to blame for this, but many other factors, such as poaching, drought and habitat loss are also to blame. Uganda recently did the same, arguing that "the share of benefits of sport hunting were lopsided and unlikely to deter poaching or improve [Uganda's] capacity to manage the wildlife reserves."