Federal_Aviation_Administration

qas: question: When did two whisleblowers allege that Boutris  attempted to ground Southwest Airlines?
answers: text: 2007

question: How many planes did the FAA managers allow to fly in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections?
answers: text: 46

question: How much did the FAA propose to fine Southwest for failing to inspect older planes?
answers: text: $10.2 million

question: What former chairman of the committee said it's investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse?
answers: text: Jim Oberstar

question: How many planes were allowed to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety regulations?
answers: text: 117

question: Why did Boutris say Peters attempted to ground Southwest?

question: How many aircrafts were operated commercially that were in compliance with FAA safety rules?

question: How much did Southwest pay in penalties for not adopting new safety procedures?

question: How many other airlines were audited?
context: In 2007, two FAA whistleblowers, inspectors Charalambe "Bobby" Boutris and Douglas E. Peters, alleged that Boutris said he attempted to ground Southwest after finding cracks in the fuselage, but was prevented by supervisors he said were friendly with the airline. This was validated by a report by the Department of Transportation which found FAA managers had allowed Southwest Airlines to fly 46 airplanes in 2006 and 2007 that were overdue for safety inspections, ignoring concerns raised by inspectors. Audits of other airlines resulted in two airlines grounding hundreds of planes, causing thousands of flight cancellations. The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee held hearings in April 2008. Jim Oberstar, former chairman of the committee said its investigation uncovered a pattern of regulatory abuse and widespread regulatory lapses, allowing 117 aircraft to be operated commercially although not in compliance with FAA safety rules. Oberstar said there was a "culture of coziness" between senior FAA officials and the airlines and "a systematic breakdown" in the FAA's culture that resulted in "malfeasance, bordering on corruption." In 2008 the FAA proposed to fine Southwest $10.2 million for failing to inspect older planes for cracks, and in 2009 Southwest and the FAA agreed that Southwest would pay a $7.5 million penalty and would adopt new safety procedures, with the fine doubling if Southwest failed to follow through.

qas: question: When did the aftermath of the Southwest Airlines inspection scandal happen?
answers: text: July 22, 2008

question: who approved a mesaure to tigheten regulations concerning airplane maintenance prodecures?
answers: text: House

question: What does the word 'customer' properly apply to?
answers: text: the flying public

question: how long was the "cooling off" period that the FAA inspectors or supervisers of inspectors must wait before they can work for those they regulate?
answers: text: two-year

question: When did the Senate approve a bill to tighten regulations concerning airplane maintenance procedures?

question: What was the two year "cooling off" period for whistleblowers for?

question: What did the bill require entities regulated by the FAA be called?

question: When did the unanimous decision of the house and senate to pass the bill take place?
context: On July 22, 2008, in the aftermath of the Southwest Airlines inspection scandal, a bill was unanimously approved in the House to tighten regulations concerning airplane maintenance procedures, including the establishment of a whistleblower office and a two-year "cooling off" period that FAA inspectors or supervisors of inspectors must wait before they can work for those they regulated. The bill also required rotation of principal maintenance inspectors and stipulated that the word "customer" properly applies to the flying public, not those entities regulated by the FAA. The bill died in a Senate committee that year.

qas: question: What epidemic did the FAA have to handle in the 1960s?
answers: text: hijacking

question: Who now takes responsibility for aviation security?
answers: text: Department of Homeland Security

question: When did the FAA become more involved with the environmental aspects of aviation?
answers: text: 1968

question: When was legislation passed that gave the agency management of a new airport aide program?
answers: text: 1970

question: What is the altitude which the FAA regulates over?
answers: text: 500 feet

question: When did the FAA start to regulate low altitude kite and balloon flying?

question: What epidemic in the 60's cause aviation security to be taken over by Homeland?

question: Whne did Homeland become more involved with the environmental aspects of aviation?

question: When did the Faa receive the power to set watercraft noise standards?
context: The FAA gradually assumed additional functions. The hijacking epidemic of the 1960s had already brought the agency into the field of civil aviation security. In response to the hijackings on September 11, 2001, this responsibility is now primarily taken by the Department of Homeland Security. The FAA became more involved with the environmental aspects of aviation in 1968 when it received the power to set aircraft noise standards. Legislation in 1970 gave the agency management of a new airport aid program and certain added responsibilities for airport safety. During the 1960s and 1970s, the FAA also started to regulate high altitude (over 500 feet) kite and balloon flying.

qas: question: When did the CAA begin to exptend it's ATC responsibilities?
answers: text: World War II

question: What helped ATC controllers in their drive ot keep ahead of the postwar boom in commercial air transportation?
answers: text: radar

question: When did Congress give the CAA the task of administering the federal-air airport program?
answers: text: 1946

question: What did the federal-aid airport program aim to help develop?
answers: text: civil airports

question: When did America enter World War II?

question: When did the CAA begin to extend it's ATC responsibilities at military airports?

question: What was the first wartime program of financial assistance  aimed at promoting the development of civil airports?

question: When did congress extend it's ATC responsibilities to takeoff and landing operations at airports?

question: When did radar technology become permanent?
context: On the eve of America's entry into World War II, CAA began to extend its ATC responsibilities to takeoff and landing operations at airports. This expanded role eventually became permanent after the war. The application of radar to ATC helped controllers in their drive to keep abreast of the postwar boom in commercial air transportation. In 1946, meanwhile, Congress gave CAA the added task of administering the federal-aid airport program, the first peacetime program of financial assistance aimed exclusively at promoting development of the nation's civil airports.

qas: question: When did the agency acheive a semi-automated air traffic control system?
answers: text: mid-1970s

question: When was the Airline Deregulation act?
answers: text: 1978

question: When did the nationwide strike by air traffic controlers union happen?
answers: text: 1981

question: when did the FAA shift to a more step-by-step approach to providing air traffic controllers with more advanced equipment?
answers: text: 1994

question: What helped operate radar in the new air-traffic control system?
answers: text: computer technology

question: When did the agency achieve fully automated air traffic control systems?

question: When was airline deregulation phased out?

question: What was the act that phased out airline deregulation?

question: When was the nationwide strike that forced flight restrictions but failed to shutdown the aerospace system?

question: What type of enhancement did the air traffic control system get to keep up with air traffic growth?
context: By the mid-1970s, the agency had achieved a semi-automated air traffic control system using both radar and computer technology. This system required enhancement to keep pace with air traffic growth, however, especially after the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978 phased out the CAB's economic regulation of the airlines. A nationwide strike by the air traffic controllers union in 1981 forced temporary flight restrictions but failed to shut down the airspace system. During the following year, the agency unveiled a new plan for further automating its air traffic control facilities, but progress proved disappointing. In 1994, the FAA shifted to a more step-by-step approach that has provided controllers with advanced equipment.

qas: question: When was the Air Commerce Act passed?
answers: text: May 20, 1926

question: Who was charged with fostering air commerce?
answers: text: Secretary of Commerce

question: What new branch was created and operates under the Department of Commerce?
answers: text: Aeronautics Branch

question: Who assumed primary responsibility for aviation oversight?
answers: text: Aeronautics Branch

question: Who was responsible for operating and maintaining aids to air navigation?
answers: text: Secretary of Commerce

question: Who passed the Air Commerce Act?

question: Who was charged with fostering aviation oversight?

question: Who believed the airplane could not reach its federal potential without legislation?

question: Who was charged with the fostering of manufacturing planes?

question: What department did the Aeronautic Branch create?
context: The Air Commerce Act of May 20, 1926, is the cornerstone of the federal government's regulation of civil aviation. This landmark legislation was passed at the urging of the aviation industry, whose leaders believed the airplane could not reach its full commercial potential without federal action to improve and maintain safety standards. The Act charged the Secretary of Commerce with fostering air commerce, issuing and enforcing air traffic rules, licensing pilots, certifying aircraft, establishing airways, and operating and maintaining aids to air navigation. The newly created Aeronautics Branch, operating under the Department of Commerce assumed primary responsibility for aviation oversight.

qas: question: When did the Grand-Canyon mid-air collision happen?
answers: text: 1956

question: when was the Federal Aviation Act passed?
answers: text: 1958

question: What agency would now act like the CAA?
answers: text: Federal Aviation Agency

question: Who did the Federal Aviation Act transfer air safety regulation from?
answers: text: CAB

question: Who was the FAA's first administrator?
answers: text: Elwood R. Quesada

question: Who did President Eisenhower appoint as the FAA's first administrator?

question: What prompted the the legislation act of 1956?

question: What legislation gave the CAAs function to the government body, the FAA?

question: Who was the former general to President Eisenhower?

question: The approaching era of air traffic control prompted passage of what act?
context: The approaching era of jet travel, and a series of midair collisions (most notable was the 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision), prompted passage of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. This legislation gave the CAA's functions to a new independent body, the Federal Aviation Agency. The act transferred air safety regulation from the CAB to the new FAA, and also gave the FAA sole responsibility for a common civil-military system of air navigation and air traffic control. The FAA's first administrator, Elwood R. Quesada, was a former Air Force general and adviser to President Eisenhower.

qas: question: When did the FAA decide to expand passengers use of portable elctronic devices during all phases of flight?
answers: text: October 31, 2013

question: What mode must mobile phones be put into?
answers: text: airplane mode

question: What phases of flight will passengers be able to use electronic devices?
answers: text: all phases

question: Where must devices be put during actual takeoff and landing?
answers: text: seat-back pocket

question: Are short-range bluetooth accessories able to be used?
answers: text: can also be used.

question: When did the FAA begin to allow mobile phone calls during flights?

question: What paper criticized Nick Bilton?

question: Who made regulations that phones must not be in airplane mode, with mobile service enabled and bars displayed?

question: What must be in back pants pocket during takeoff and landing?
context: On October 31, 2013, after outcry from media outlets, including heavy criticism  from Nick Bilton of The New York Times, the FAA announced it will allow airlines to expand the passengers use of portable electronic devices during all phases of flight, but mobile phone calls will still be prohibited. Implementation will vary among airlines. The FAA expects many carriers to show that their planes allow passengers to safely use their devices in airplane mode, gate-to-gate, by the end of 2013. Devices must be held or put in the seat-back pocket during the actual takeoff and landing. Mobile phones must be in airplane mode or with mobile service disabled, with no signal bars displayed, and cannot be used for voice communications due to Federal Communications Commission regulations that prohibit any airborne calls using mobile phones. If an air carrier provides Wi-Fi service during flight, passengers may use it. Short-range Bluetooth accessories, like wireless keyboards, can also be used.

qas: question: When did the US DOT combine major federal responsibilities for air and surface transport?
answers: text: 1967

question: What did the Federal Aviation Agency change it's name to?
answers: text: Federal Aviation Administration

question: Who would the FAA administrator report to?
answers: text: Secretary of Transportation

question: Who approves new programs and budget requests?
answers: text: DOT

question: Who is the final person to approve the budget that is submitted?
answers: text: president

question: What did the Federal Aviation Agency change it's name from?

question: Who would the secretary of transport report to instead of the FAA?

question: What agencies combined to make the Federal Aviation Administration?

question: Who did the secretary of transportation send budget requests to to be approved?
context: In 1967, a new U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) combined major federal responsibilities for air and surface transport. The Federal Aviation Agency's name changed to the Federal Aviation Administration as it became one of several agencies (e.g., Federal Highway Administration, Federal Railroad Administration, the Coast Guard, and the Saint Lawrence Seaway Commission) within DOT (albeit the largest). The FAA administrator would no longer report directly to the president but would instead report to the Secretary of Transportation. New programs and budget requests would have to be approved by DOT, which would then include these requests in the overall budget and submit it to the president.

qas: question: What was the Areonautics Branch renamed to?
answers: text: Bureau of Air Commerce

question: When was the Aeronautics Branch renamed?
answers: text: 1934

question: When did the Buerau take over and begin to expant the ATC system?
answers: text: 1936

question: What were the people who used maps, blackboards, and mental calculation to ensure the safe separation of aircraft traveling between cities called?
answers: text: air traffic controllers

question: What was the Bureau of Air Commerce renamed to?

question: When did the bureau create the first air traffic control centers?

question: When was the Aeronautics branch renamed to reflect it's decreased status?

question: What did the bureau used to ensure the safe travels of aircraft?

question: As personal flying increased, what did the Bureau establish?
context: The Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce in 1934 to reflect its enhanced status within the Department. As commercial flying increased, the Bureau encouraged a group of airlines to establish the first three centers for providing air traffic control (ATC) along the airways. In 1936, the Bureau itself took over the centers and began to expand the ATC system. The pioneer air traffic controllers used maps, blackboards, and mental calculations to ensure the safe separation of aircraft traveling along designated routes between cities.

qas: question: When did the FAA change it's long-standing approach to air traffic control candidates?
answers: text: 2014

question: What was now favored instead of training and experince at flight schools?
answers: text: personality test

question: Who could be an air traffic controller irrespective of experience now because of the rule change?
answers: text: anyone

question: What did applicants now take that many of them found baffling?
answers: text: biographical questionnaire

question: What kind of degree do you need to be considered?

question: When did the agency switch to a system where people could be "fast-tracked" for consideration?

question: How did applicants find the biological questionnaire?

question: Who switched to an open system for candidates who completed the coursework at participating colleges?
context: In 2014, the FAA changed a long-standing approach to air traffic control candidates that eliminated preferences based on training and experience at flight schools in favor of a personality test open to anyone irrespective of experience. The move was made to increase flight traffic controller racial diversity. Before the change, candidates who had completed coursework at participating colleges and universities could be "fast-tracked" for consideration. The agency eliminated that program and instead switched to an open system to the general public, with no need for any experience or even a college degree. Instead, applicants could take "a biographical questionnaire" that many applicants found baffling.

qas: question: What retired NASA Office of inspector general is outspoken about the FAA?
answers: text: Joseph Gutheinz

question: How much do penalties against airlines cost per violation?
answers: text: $25,000

question: A heavy penalty for violating FAA reulations could said to be do what?
answers: text: impact their ability to continue operating

question: What did the agency propose to find Southwest Airlines?
answers: text: $10.2 million

question: Who used to be the Inspector General for the Department of Transportation?

question: When did Joseph Gutheinz commend the agency for proposing a $10.2 million fine against Southwest?

question: Who said penalties against airlines that violate FAA directives should be $25,000?

question: What would be considered encouraging aerospace travel?

question: When did Southwest conduct mandatory inspections.
context: The FAA has been cited as an example of regulatory capture, "in which the airline industry openly dictates to its regulators its governing rules, arranging for not only beneficial regulation, but placing key people to head these regulators." Retired NASA Office of Inspector General Senior Special Agent Joseph Gutheinz, who used to be a Special Agent with the Office of Inspector General for the Department of Transportation and with FAA Security, is one of the most outspoken critics of FAA. Rather than commend the agency for proposing a $10.2 million fine against Southwest Airlines for its failure to conduct mandatory inspections in 2008, he was quoted as saying the following in an Associated Press story: "Penalties against airlines that violate FAA directives should be stiffer. At $25,000 per violation, Gutheinz said, airlines can justify rolling the dice and taking the chance on getting caught. He also said the FAA is often too quick to bend to pressure from airlines and pilots." Other experts have been critical of the constraints and expectations under which the FAA is expected to operate. The dual role of encouraging aerospace travel and regulating aerospace travel are contradictory. For example, to levy a heavy penalty upon an airline for violating an FAA regulation which would impact their ability to continue operating would not be considered encouraging aerospace travel.