Paris

qas: question: What is the aggregate population of Paris?
answers: text: 10,550,350

question: From what census is this information from?
answers: text: 2012 census

question: What is the population of Paris' metropolitan area?
answers: text: 12,341,418

question: How many kilometers does the administrative region cover?
answers: text: 12,012 km²

question: As of 2014 how many inhabitants lived in the administrative region?
answers: text: 12 million
context: Since the 19th century, the built-up area of Paris has grown far beyond its administrative borders; together with its suburbs, the whole agglomeration has a population of 10,550,350 (Jan. 2012 census). Paris' metropolitan area spans most of the Paris region and has a population of 12,341,418 (Jan. 2012 census), or one-fifth of the population of France. The administrative region covers 12,012 km² (4,638 mi²), with approximately 12 million inhabitants as of 2014, and has its own regional council and president.

qas: question: What is the most visited art museum in the world?
answers: text: Louvre

question: what is the Musee de Orsay known for?
answers: text: French Impressionist art

question: In what year was the Eiffel Tower built?
answers: text: 1889

question: How many visitors did Paris receive in 2014?
answers: text: 22.4 million

question: In what century was the Notre Dame Cathedral built?
answers: text: 12th
context: Paris is the home of the most visited art museum in the world, the Louvre, as well as the Musée d'Orsay, noted for its collection of French Impressionist art, and the Musée National d'Art Moderne, a museum of modern and contemporary art. The notable architectural landmarks of Paris include Notre Dame Cathedral (12th century); the Sainte-Chapelle (13th century); the Eiffel Tower (1889); and the Basilica of Sacré-Cœur on Montmartre (1914). In 2014 Paris received 22.4 million visitors, making it one of the world's top tourist destinations. Paris is also known for its fashion, particularly the twice-yearly Paris Fashion Week, and for its haute cuisine, and three-star restaurants. Most of France's major universities and grandes écoles are located in Paris, as are France's major newspapers, including Le Monde, Le Figaro, and Libération.

qas: question: What is the name of the football club in Paris?
answers: text: Paris Saint-Germain

question: What is the name of the rugby union in Paris?
answers: text: Stade Français

question: How many seats are in Stade de France?
answers: text: 80,000

question: In what year did Paris host the World Cup?
answers: text: 2007

question: In what month is the Tour de France?
answers: text: July
context: Paris is home to the association football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros. Paris played host to the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics, the 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, and the 2007 Rugby World Cup. Every July, the Tour de France of cycling finishes in the city.

qas: question: What was Paris known as in Latin?
answers: text: Parisius

question: In what century was Christianity introduced?
answers: text: 3rd

question: Who brought Christianity to Paris?
answers: text: Saint Denis

question: What is the name of Saint Denis burial place?
answers: text: Basilica of Saint-Denis

question: Where was Saint Denis beheaded?
answers: text: Mountain of Martyrs
context: By the end of the Western Roman Empire, the town was known simply as Parisius in Latin and Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD. According to tradition, it was brought by Saint Denis, the first Bishop of Paris. When he refused to renounce his faith, he was beheaded on the hill which became known as the "Mountain of Martyrs" (Mons Martyrum), eventually "Montmartre". His burial place became an important religious shrine; the Basilica of Saint-Denis was built there and became the burial place of the French Kings.

qas: question: who was the first king of the Merovingian dynasty?
answers: text: Clovis the Frank

question: In what year was Hugh Capet elected as king?
answers: text: 987

question: What helped establish a successful defense in the Siege of Paris?
answers: text: bridges

question: The domination of what helped create the Parisian dialect?
answers: text: Gaul
context: Clovis the Frank, the first king of the Merovingian dynasty, made the city his capital from 508. A gradual immigration by the Franks also occurred in Paris in the beginning of the Frankish domination of Gaul which created the Parisian Francien dialects. Fortification of the Île-de-France failed to prevent sacking by Vikings in 845 but Paris' strategic importance—with its bridges preventing ships from passing—was established by successful defence in the Siege of Paris (885–86). In 987 Hugh Capet, Count of Paris (comte de Paris), Duke of the Franks (duc des Francs) was elected King of the Franks (roi des Franks). Under the rule of the Capetian kings, Paris gradually became the largest and most prosperous city in France.

qas: question: What was the site of the royal palace in the 12th century?
answers: text: Île de la Cité

question: Who was in charge of the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral?
answers: text: Maurice de Sully

question: Where was the University of Paris located?
answers: text: The Left Bank

question: Under who's reign was the construction of Notre Dame Cathedral?
answers: text: Louis VII
context: By the end of the 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. The Île de la Cité was the site of the royal palace. In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, Maurice de Sully, bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its eastern extremity. The Left Bank was the site of the University of Paris, a corporation of students and teachers formed in the mid-12th century to train scholars first in theology, and later in canon law, medicine and the arts.

qas: question: In what years did the English soldiers occupy Paris during the Hundred Years War?
answers: text: 1420 until 1436

question: Who tried to liberate the city in 1429?
answers: text: Joan of Arc

question: What was the date of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre?
answers: text: 24 August 1572

question: In what year was Henri IV assassinated?
answers: text: 1610

question: Who was responsible for rebuilding Paris in the 1600's
answers: text: Henry IV
context: During the Hundred Years' War, the army of the Duke of Burgundy and a force of about two hundred English soldiers occupied Paris from May 1420 until 1436. They repelled an attempt by Joan of Arc to liberate the city in 1429. A century later, during the French Wars of Religion, Paris was a stronghold of the Catholic League. On 24 August 1572, Paris was the site of the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, when thousands of French Protestants were killed. The last of these wars, the eighth one, ended in 1594, after Henri IV had converted to Catholicism and was finally able to enter Paris as he supposedly declared Paris vaut bien une messe ("Paris is well worth a Mass"). The city had been neglected for decades; by the time of his assassination in 1610, Henry IV had rebuilt the Pont Neuf, the first Paris bridge with sidewalks and not lined with buildings, linked with a new wing the Louvre to the Tuileries Palace, and created the first Paris residential square, the Place Royale, now Place des Vosges.

qas: question: In what year did Louis XIV move his court to Versailles?
answers: text: 1682

question: What monuments did Louis XIV have constructed?
answers: text: Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides.

question: What was the reason behind demolishing the city walls?
answers: text: To show that the city was safe against attack

question: In what city was the French Academy of Science founded
answers: text: Paris
context: Louis XIV distrusted the Parisians and moved his court to Versailles in 1682, but his reign also saw an unprecedented flourishing of the arts and sciences in Paris. The Comédie-Française, the Academy of Painting, and the French Academy of Sciences were founded and made their headquarters in the city. To show that the city was safe against attack, he had the city walls demolished, replacing them with Grands Boulevards. To leave monuments to his reign, he built the Collège des Quatre-Nations, Place Vendôme, Place des Victoires, and began Les Invalides.

qas: question: Where did Louis XVI and his family live?
answers: text: Tuileries Palace

question: When did Napoleon Bonaparte gain power as the First Consul?
answers: text: 9 November 1799

question: Approximately how many people were executed during the Reign of Terror?
answers: text: 16,000
context: Louis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made virtual prisoners within the Tuileries Palace. In 1793, as the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined, along with more than 16,000 others (throughout France), during the Reign of Terror. The property of the aristocracy and the church was nationalised, and the city's churches were closed, sold or demolished. A succession of revolutionary factions ruled Paris until 9 November 1799 (coup d'état du 18 brumaire), when Napoléon Bonaparte seized power as First Consul.

qas: question: In what year was Louis-Phillipe over thrown?
answers: text: 1848

question: In what year did Napoleon III create new arrondissements?
answers: text: 1860

question: Who was Napoleon III's prefect of the Siene?
answers: text: Georges-Eugène Haussmann
context: Louis-Philippe was overthrown by a popular uprising in the streets of Paris in 1848. His successor, Napoleon III, and the newly appointed prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann, launched a gigantic public works project to build wide new boulevards, a new opera house, a central market, new aqueducts, sewers, and parks, including the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes. In 1860, Napoleon III also annexed the surrounding towns and created eight new arrondissements, expanding Paris to its current limits.

qas: question: What type of art did Courbet, Manet, Monet and Renoir create?
answers: text: Impressionism

question: What was the purpose of the 1889 Universal Exposition?
answers: text: to mark the centennial of the French Revolution

question: Where was the Eiffel Tower revealed?
answers: text: 1889 Universal Exposition

question: What type of art was created by Charles Baudelaire and Paul Verlaine?
answers: text: Symbolism
context: Late in the 19th century, Paris hosted two major international expositions: the 1889 Universal Exposition, was held to mark the centennial of the French Revolution and featured the new Eiffel Tower; and the 1900 Universal Exposition, which gave Paris the Pont Alexandre III, the Grand Palais, the Petit Palais and the first Paris Métro line. Paris became the laboratory of Naturalism (Émile Zola) and Symbolism (Charles Baudelaire and Paul Verlaine), and of Impressionism in art (Courbet, Manet, Monet, Renoir.)

qas: question: How many soldiers did Parisian Taxis transport to the front line at the First Battle of the Marne?
answers: text: 6,000

question: What are the years after the war commonly known as?
answers: text: Les Années Folles

question: Who are some popular artists, writers and musicians that resided in Paris after the war?
answers: text: Ernest Hemingway, Igor Stravinsky, James Joyce, Josephine Baker, Sidney Bechet and the surrealist Salvador Dalí.
context: During the First World War, Paris sometimes found itself on the front line; 600 to 1,000 Paris taxis played a small but highly important symbolic role in transporting 6,000 soldiers to the front line at the First Battle of the Marne. The city was also bombed by Zeppelins and shelled by German long-range guns. In the years after the war, known as Les Années Folles, Paris continued to be a mecca for writers, musicians and artists from around the world, including Ernest Hemingway, Igor Stravinsky, James Joyce, Josephine Baker, Sidney Bechet and the surrealist Salvador Dalí.

qas: question: On what date did the German army declare Paris as an open city?
answers: text: 14 June 1940

question: How many Jews were arrested following German orders?
answers: text: 12,884

question: Where were the Jews confined prior to being transported to Auschwitz?
answers: text: Vel d'Hiv

question: How many children came back from Auschwitz?
answers: text: None

question: On what date was the city liberated?
answers: text: 25 August 1944
context: On 14 June 1940, the German army marched into Paris, which had been declared an "open city". On 16–17 July 1942, following German orders, the French police and gendarmes arrested 12,884 Jews, including 4,115 children, and confined them during five days at the Vel d'Hiv (Vélodrome d'Hiver), from which they were transported by train to the extermination camp at Auschwitz. None of the children came back. On 25 August 1944, the city was liberated by the French 2nd Armoured Division and the 4th Infantry Division of the United States Army. General Charles de Gaulle led a huge and emotional crowd down the Champs Élysées towards Notre Dame de Paris, and made a rousing speech from the Hôtel de Ville.

qas: question: How many police officers did the pro-independence FLN kill in August of 1961?
answers: text: 11

question: What was the result of the police officer killing?
answers: text: curfew on Muslims of Algeria

question: How many people were killed during the demonstrations against the curfew?
answers: text: at least 40

question: Who carried out bombings throughout Paris between 1961 and 1962?
answers: text: Organisation de l'armée secrète
context: In the 1950s and the 1960s, Paris became one front of the Algerian War for independence; in August 1961, the pro-independence FLN targeted and killed 11 Paris policemen, leading to the imposition of a curfew on Muslims of Algeria (who, at that time, were French citizens). On 17 October 1961, an unauthorised but peaceful protest demonstration of Algerians against the curfew led to violent confrontations between the police and demonstrators, in which at least 40 people were killed, including some thrown into the Seine. The anti-independence Organisation de l'armée secrète (OAS), for their part, carried out a series of bombings in Paris throughout 1961 and 1962.

qas: question: In what year was the Centre Georges Pompidou erected?
answers: text: 1977

question: What did Valery Giscard d'Estaing have erected?
answers: text: Musée d'Orsay

question: How many years was Francois Mitterrand in power?
answers: text: 14

question: What did Jacques Chirac have built?
answers: text: Musée du quai Branly

question: In what year was the Musee de quai Branly built?
answers: text: 2006
context: Most of the postwar's presidents of the Fifth Republic wanted to leave their own monuments in Paris; President Georges Pompidou started the Centre Georges Pompidou (1977), Valéry Giscard d'Estaing began the Musée d'Orsay (1986); President François Mitterrand, in power for 14 years, built the Opéra Bastille (1985-1989), the Bibliothèque nationale de France (1996), the Arche de la Défense (1985-1989), and the Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard (1983-1989); Jacques Chirac (2006), the Musée du quai Branly.

qas: question: What was the population of Paris in 2011?
answers: text: 2.25 million

question: Who was the first socialist mayor of Paris?
answers: text: Bertrand Delanoë

question: What is the system called that allows local residents to rent bicycles?
answers: text: Vélib'

question: When was the Promenade des Berges de la Seine inaugurated?
answers: text: June 2013
context: In the early 21st century, the population of Paris began to increase slowly again, as more young people moved into the city. It reached 2.25 million in 2011. In March 2001, Bertrand Delanoë became the first socialist mayor of Paris. In 2007, in an effort to reduce car traffic in the city, he introduced the Vélib', a system which rents bicycles for the use of local residents and visitors. Bertrand Delanoë also transformed a section of the highway along the left bank of the Seine into an urban promenade and park, the Promenade des Berges de la Seine, which he inaugurated in June 2013.

qas: question: On what date did two Muslim extremists attack Charlie Hebdo?
answers: text: 7 January 2015

question: How many people were killed at the Charlie Hebdo attack?
answers: text: thirteen

question: How many people marched on January 11 against terrorism?
answers: text: 1.5 million

question: Which Islamic organisation took responsibility for the attacks?
answers: text: ISIL

question: How did the attackers kill themselves?
answers: text: setting off their explosive vests
context: On 7 January 2015, two French Muslim extremists attacked the Paris headquarters of Charlie Hebdo and killed thirteen people, and on 9 January, a third terrorist killed four hostages during an attack at a Jewish grocery store at Porte de Vincennes. On 11 January an estimated 1.5 million people marched in Paris–along with international political leaders–to show solidarity against terrorism and in defence of freedom of speech. Ten months later, 13 November 2015, came a series of coordinated terrorist attacks in Paris and Saint-Denis claimed by the 'Islamic state' organisation ISIL ('Daesh', ISIS); 130 people were killed by gunfire and bombs, and more than 350 were injured. Seven of the attackers killed themselves and others by setting off their explosive vests. On the morning of 18 November three suspected terrorists, including alleged planner of the attacks Abdelhamid Abaaoud, were killed in a shootout with police in the Paris suburb of Saint-Denis. President Hollande declared France to be in a three-month state of emergency.

qas: question: Where in France is Paris located?
answers: text: northern central

question: How many kilometers is it away from London?
answers: text: 450

question: What major river is located in Paris?
answers: text: Seine

question: What is the largest island in Paris?
answers: text: Île de la Cité

question: What is the largest hill in Paris?
answers: text: Montmartre
context: Paris is located in northern central France. By road it is 450 kilometres (280 mi) south-east of London, 287 kilometres (178 mi) south of Calais, 305 kilometres (190 mi) south-west of Brussels, 774 kilometres (481 mi) north of Marseille, 385 kilometres (239 mi) north-east of Nantes, and 135 kilometres (84 mi) south-east of Rouen. Paris is located in the north-bending arc of the river Seine and includes two islands, the Île Saint-Louis and the larger Île de la Cité, which form the oldest part of the city. The river's mouth on the English Channel (La Manche) is about 233 mi (375 km) downstream of the city, established around 7600 BC. The city is spread widely on both banks of the river. Overall, the city is relatively flat, and the lowest point is 35 m (115 ft) above sea level. Paris has several prominent hills, the highest of which is Montmartre at 130 m (427 ft). Montmartre gained its name from the martyrdom of Saint Denis, first bishop of Paris, atop the Mons Martyrum, "Martyr's mound", in 250.

qas: question: What road encircles Paris?
answers: text: Boulevard Périphérique

question: How large is the metropolitan area of Paris?
answers: text: 2,300 km2

question: In what year was Paris' last annexation of outlying territories?
answers: text: 1860

question: How many arrondissements are there?
answers: text: 20

question: In what year were Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes annexed? 
answers: text: 1929
context: Excluding the outlying parks of Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes, Paris covers an oval measuring about 87 km2 (34 sq mi) in area, enclosed by the 35 km (22 mi) ring road, the Boulevard Périphérique. The city's last major annexation of outlying territories in 1860 not only gave it its modern form but also created the 20 clockwise-spiralling arrondissements (municipal boroughs). From the 1860 area of 78 km2 (30 sq mi), the city limits were expanded marginally to 86.9 km2 (33.6 sq mi) in the 1920s. In 1929, the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes forest parks were officially annexed to the city, bringing its area to about 105 km2 (41 sq mi). The metropolitan area of the city is 2,300 km2 (890 sq mi).

qas: question: Which current affects Paris' weather?
answers: text: North Atlantic Current

question: How is Paris' climate categorized?
answers: text: mild and moderately wet

question: What are the average temperatures for summer?
answers: text: between 15 and 25 °C

question: What was the average temperature for July 2011?
answers: text: 17.6 °C
context: Paris has a typical Western European oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb ) which is affected by the North Atlantic Current. The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet. Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures hovering between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F), and a fair amount of sunshine. Each year, however, there are a few days where the temperature rises above 32 °C (90 °F). Some years have even witnessed long periods of harsh summer weather, such as the heat wave of 2003 when temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) for weeks, surged up to 40 °C (104 °F) on some days and seldom cooled down at night. More recently, the average temperature for July 2011 was 17.6 °C (63.7 °F), with an average minimum temperature of 12.9 °C (55.2 °F) and an average maximum temperature of 23.7 °C (74.7 °F).

qas: question: What is the average temperature during winter?
answers: text: 7 °C

question: Does Paris see snow?
answers: text: sometimes sees light snow or flurries

question: How often does the temperature drop below -5 C
answers: text: a few days a year
context: Spring and autumn have, on average, mild days and fresh nights but are changing and unstable. Surprisingly warm or cool weather occurs frequently in both seasons. In winter, sunshine is scarce; days are cold but generally above freezing with temperatures around 7 °C (45 °F). Light night frosts are however quite common, but the temperature will dip below −5 °C (23 °F) for only a few days a year. Snow falls every year, but rarely stays on the ground. The city sometimes sees light snow or flurries with or without accumulation.

qas: question: How many members are there in the Conseil de Paris?
answers: text: 163

question: How was Mayor Bertand Delanoe elected
answers: text: majority of council members

question: How often does the council meet?
answers: text: once a month

question: What years was Bertrand Delanoe Mayor?
answers: text: 2001-2014
context: The mayor of Paris is elected indirectly by Paris voters; the voters of each arrondissement elect the Conseil de Paris (Council of Paris), composed of 163 members. Each arrondissement has a number of members depending upon its population, from 10 members for each of the least-populated arrondissements (1st through 9th) to 36 members for the most populated (the 15th). The elected council members select the mayor. Sometimes the candidate who receives the most votes city-wide is not selected if the other candidate has won the support of the majority of council members. Mayor Bertrand Delanoë (2001-2014) was elected by only a minority of city voters, but a majority of council members. Once elected, the council plays a largely passive role in the city government; it meets only once a month. The current council is divided between a coalition of the left of 91 members, including the socialists, communists, greens, and extreme left; and 71 members for the centre right, plus a few members from smaller parties.

qas: question: What was the budget of the city in 2013
answers: text: €7.6 billion

question: How much of the budget was allocated for city administration?
answers: text: 5.4 billion

question: What percent of the budget goes towards public housing and urbanism projects?
answers: text: 38

question: What is the main source of income for Paris?
answers: text: taxes

question: What percentage of the budget is allocated for schools?
answers: text: 8
context: The budget of the city for 2013 was €7.6 billion, of which 5.4 billion went for city administration, while €2.2 billion went for investment. The largest part of the budget (38 percent) went for public housing and urbanism projects; 15 percent for roads and transport; 8 percent for schools (which are mostly financed by the state budget); 5 percent for parks and gardens; and 4 percent for culture. The main source of income for the city is direct taxes (35 percent), supplemented by a 13-percent real estate tax; 19 percent of the budget comes in a transfer from the national government.

qas: question: When did the Metropole du Grand Paris come into existence?
answers: text: January 1, 2016

question: How large is the Metropole?
answers: text: 814 square kilometers

question: What is the population of the metropole?
answers: text: 6.945 million

question: What three departments of the inner suburbs are included in the metropole?
answers: text: Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne

question: How many communes of the outer suburbs are included in the metropole?
answers: text: seven
context: The Métropole du Grand Paris, or Metropolis of Greater Paris, formally came into existence on January 1, 2016. It is an administrative structure for cooperation between the City of Paris and its nearest suburbs. It includes the City of Paris, plus the communes, or towns of the three departments of the inner suburbs; Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne; plus seven communes in the outer suburbs, including Argenteuil in Val d'Oise and Paray-Vieille-Poste in Essonne, which were added to include the major airports of Paris. The Metropole covers 814 square kilometers and has a population of 6.945 million persons.

qas: question: How many members are in the Metropolitan Council?
answers: text: 210

question: Who was the first president of the metropolitan council?
answers: text: Patrick Ollier

question: What town was Patrick Ollier a mayor of?
answers: text: Rueil-Malmaison

question: What party does Patrick Ollier associate with?
answers: text: Republican

question: What is the budget for Metropole?
answers: text: 65 million Euros
context: The new structure is administered by a Metropolitan Council of 210 members, not directly elected, but chosen by the councils of the member Communes. By 2020 its basic competencies will include urban planning, housing, and protection of the environment. The first president of the metropolitan council, Patrick Ollier, a Republican and the mayor of the town of Rueil-Malmaison, was elected on January 22, 2016. Though the Metropole has a population of nearly seven million persons and accounts for 25 percent of the GDP of France, it has a very small budget; just 65 million Euros, compared with eight billion Euros for the City of Paris.

qas: question: In which district is the Regional Coucil housed?
answers: text: 7th

question: For how many years did the socialists governed the region?
answers: text: seventeen

question: How many council members will they have in 2016 from the union of the Right?
answers: text: 121

question: Who led the Union of the Right?
answers: text: Valérie Pécresse
context: The Region of Île de France, including Paris and its surrounding communities, is governed by the Regional Council, which has its headquarters in the 7th arrondissement of Paris. It is composed of 209 members representing the different communes within the region. On December 15, 2015, a list of candidates of the Union of the Right, a coalition of centrist and right-wing parties, led by Valérie Pécresse, narrowly won the regional election, defeating a coalition of Socialists and ecologists. The Socialists had governed the region for seventeen years. In 2016, the new regional council will have 121 members from the Union of the Right, 66 from the Union of the Left and 22 from the extreme right National Front.

qas: question: Where are France's highest courts located?
answers: text: Paris

question: What is the highest court in the judicial order?
answers: text: Court of Cassation

question: Where does the Constitutional Council meet?
answers: text: Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal

question: Where is the Coutt of Cassation located?
answers: text: Palais de Justice

question: Where does the Consiel d'Etat meet?
answers: text: Palais-Royal
context: France's highest courts are located in Paris. The Court of Cassation, the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Palais de Justice on the Île de la Cité, while the Conseil d'État, which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the administrative order, judging litigation against public bodies, is located in the Palais-Royal in the 1st arrondissement. The Constitutional Council, an advisory body with ultimate authority on the constitutionality of laws and government decrees, also meets in the Montpensier wing of the Palais Royal.

qas: question: Where is the headquarters for UNESCO?
answers: text: Paris

question: Where is the head quarters for the International Federation for Human Rights?
answers: text: Paris

question: Where is the head quarters for the European Space Agency?
answers: text: Paris
context: Paris and its region host the headquarters of several international organisations including UNESCO, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the International Chamber of Commerce, the Paris Club, the European Space Agency, the International Energy Agency, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, the European Union Institute for Security Studies, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, the International Exhibition Bureau and the International Federation for Human Rights.

qas: question: Who is responsible for the security of Paris?
answers: text: Prefecture of Police of Paris

question: Where is the headquarters for the Prefecture of Police of Paris?
answers: text: Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité

question: How many officers are in the Prefecture of Police of Paris?
answers: text: 30,200

question: When was the Compagnies Republicaines de Securite formed?
answers: text: 1944

question: How many vehicles are in the fleet?
answers: text: 6,000
context: The security of Paris is mainly the responsibility of the Prefecture of Police of Paris, a subdivision of the Ministry of the Interior of France. It supervises the units of the National Police who patrol the city and the three neighbouring departments. It is also responsible for providing emergency services, including the Paris Fire Brigade. Its headquarters is on Place Louis Lépine on the Île de la Cité. There are 30,200 officers under the prefecture, and a fleet of more than 6,000 vehicles, including police cars, motorcycles, fire trucks, boats and helicopters. In addition to traditional police duties, the local police monitors the number of discount sales held by large stores (no more than two a year are allowed) and verify that, during summer holidays, at least one bakery is open in every neighbourhood. The national police has its own special unit for riot control and crowd control and security of public buildings, called the Compagnies Républicaines de Sécurité (CRS), a unit formed in 1944 right after the liberation of France. Vans of CRS agents are frequently seen in the centre of the city when there are demonstrations and public events.

qas: question: Who remodeled Paris in the 19th century?
answers: text: Baron Haussmann

question: Which two islands remain in Paris today?
answers: text: île Saint-Louis, the île de la Cité

question: When was ile aux Cygnes created?
answers: text: 1827
context: Most French rulers since the Middle Ages made a point of leaving their mark on a city that, contrary to many other of the world's capitals, has never been destroyed by catastrophe or war. In modernising its infrastructure through the centuries, Paris has preserved even its earliest history in its street map.[citation needed] At its origin, before the Middle Ages, the city was composed around several islands and sandbanks in a bend of the Seine; of those, two remain today: the île Saint-Louis, the île de la Cité; a third one is the 1827 artificially created île aux Cygnes. Modern Paris owes much to its late 19th century Second Empire remodelling by the Baron Haussmann: many of modern Paris' busiest streets, avenues and boulevards today are a result of that city renovation. Paris also owes its style to its aligned street-fronts, distinctive cream-grey "Paris stone" building ornamentation, aligned top-floor balconies, and tree-lined boulevards. The high residential population of its city centre makes it much different from most other western global cities.

qas: question: What is the current height limitation in Paris in central areas?
answers: text: 50 m

question: Until 1973, what was Paris; tallest building?
answers: text: Montparnasse

question: What is the name of the project for La Defense called that has not yet been started?
answers: text: Hermitage Plaza

question: When was the Hermitage Plaza launched?
answers: text: 2009

question: How many towers were planned to be built?
answers: text: two
context: Paris' urbanism laws have been under strict control since the early 17th century, particularly where street-front alignment, building height and building distribution is concerned. In recent developments, a 1974-2010 building height limitation of 37 metres (121 ft) was raised to 50 m (160 ft) in central areas and 180 metres (590 ft) in some of Paris' peripheral quarters, yet for some of the city's more central quarters, even older building-height laws still remain in effect. The 210 metres (690 ft) Montparnasse tower was both Paris and France's tallest building until 1973, but this record has been held by the La Défense quarter Tour First tower in Courbevoie since its 2011 construction. A new project for La Defense, called Hermitage Plaza, launched in 2009, proposes to build two towers, 85 and 86 stories or 320 metres high, which would be the tallest buildings in the European Union, just slightly shorter than the Eiffel Tower. They were scheduled for completion in 2019 or 2020, but as of January 2015 construction had not yet begun, and there were questions in the press about the future of the project.

qas: question: When was La Madeleine built?
answers: text: 1808-1842

question: When was teh Palais Garnier Opera House built?
answers: text: 1875

question: When was the Eiffel Tower built?
answers: text: 1889

question: Who built the art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation?
answers: text: Frank Gehry

question: Who built the Louvre Pyramid?
answers: text: I.M. Pei
context: Parisian examples of European architecture date back more than a millennium; including the Romanesque church of the Abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés (1014-1163); the early Gothic Architecture of the Basilica of Saint-Denis (1144), the Notre Dame Cathedral (1163-1345), the Flamboyant Gothic of Saint Chapelle (1239-1248), the Baroque churches of Saint-Paul-Saint-Louis (1627-1641) and Les Invalides (1670-1708). The 19th century produced the neoclassical church of La Madeleine (1808-1842); the Palais Garnier Opera House (1875); the neo-Byzantine Basilica of Sacré-Cœur (1875-1919), and the exuberant Belle Époque modernism of the Eiffel Tower (1889). Striking examples of 20th century architecture include the Centre Georges Pompidou by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano (1977), and the Louvre Pyramid by I.M. Pei (1989). Contemporary architecture includes the Musée du Quai Branly by Jean Nouvel (2006) and the new contemporary art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation by Frank Gehry (2014).

qas: question: What was the population of the urban area of Paris in 2012 without a fixed residence?
answers: text: 28,800

question: What percentage of homelessness in France does Paris house?
answers: text: 43

question: What percentage of homeless people are women?
answers: text: 43

question: How many homeless shelters are in Paris?
answers: text: sixty

question: Who funds these homeless shelters?
answers: text: the city
context: In 2012 the Paris agglomeration (urban area) counted 28,800 people without a fixed residence, an increase of 84 percent since 2001; it represents 43 percent of the homeless in all of France. Forty-one percent were women, and 29 percent were accompanied by children. Fifty-six percent of the homeless were born outside France, the largest number coming from Africa and Eastern Europe. The city of Paris has sixty homeless shelters, called Centres d'hébergement et de réinsertion sociale or CHRS, which are funded by the city and operated by private charities and associations.

qas: question: What are they only two additions to Paris' administrative limits since 1860?
answers: text: Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes

question: When was the Siene department created?
answers: text: 1790

question: WHen was District de la region parisienne reorganised?
answers: text: 1968

question: What was the Paris region renamed to?
answers: text: "Île-de-France"

question: When was Paris reunited with its suburbs?
answers: text: January 1, 2016
context: Aside from the 20th century addition of the Bois de Boulogne, Bois de Vincennes and Paris heliport, Paris' administrative limits have remained unchanged since 1860. The Seine département had been governing Paris and its suburbs since its creation in 1790, but the rising suburban population had made it difficult to govern as a unique entity. This problem was 'resolved' when its parent "District de la région parisienne" (Paris region) was reorganised into several new departments from 1968: Paris became a department in itself, and the administration of its suburbs was divided between the three departments surrounding it. The Paris region was renamed "Île-de-France" in 1977, but the "Paris region" name is still commonly used today. Paris was reunited with its suburbs on January 1, 2016 when the Métropole du Grand Paris came into existence.

qas: question: When did Paul Delouvrier become the head of the Paris region?
answers: text: 1961

question: What was a major problem with Paris being disconnected from its suburbs?
answers: text: lack of suburban transportation

question: How many suburban villes nouvelles did Paul Delouvrier constuct?
answers: text: five
context: Paris' disconnect with its suburbs, its lack of suburban transportation in particular, became all too apparent with the Paris agglomeration's growth. Paul Delouvrier promised to resolve the Paris-suburbs mésentente when he became head of the Paris region in 1961: two of his most ambitious projects for the Region were the construction of five suburban villes nouvelles ("new cities") and the RER commuter train network. Many other suburban residential districts (grands ensembles) were built between the 1960s and 1970s to provide a low-cost solution for a rapidly expanding population: these districts were socially mixed at first, but few residents actually owned their homes (the growing economy made these accessible to the middle classes only from the 1970s). Their poor construction quality and their haphazard insertion into existing urban growth contributed to their desertion by those able to move elsewhere and their repopulation by those with more limited possibilities.

qas: question: Where are the quartiers sensibles located?
answers: text: northern and eastern Paris

question: What two neighborhoods are the centers of the quartiers sensibles?
answers: text: Goutte d'Or and Belleville

question: Why were these neighborhoods created?
answers: text: Delouvrier's 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative
context: These areas, quartiers sensibles ("sensitive quarters"), are in northern and eastern Paris, namely around its Goutte d'Or and Belleville neighbourhoods. To the north of the city they are grouped mainly in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, and to a lesser extreme to the east in the Val-d'Oise department. Other difficult areas are located in the Seine valley, in Évry et Corbeil-Essonnes (Essonne), in Mureaux, Mantes-la-Jolie (Yvelines), and scattered among social housing districts created by Delouvrier's 1961 "ville nouvelle" political initiative.

qas: question: In Janurary of 2014, what was the population of Paris' city limits?
answers: text: 2,241,346

question: Where is Paris ranked in the EU by largest municipality?
answers: text: fifth

question: What 4 cities are larger than Paris in the EU?
answers: text: London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome

question: Who created The Paris Urban Area?
answers: text: INSEE

question: According to the INSEE what is Paris Urban Area population?
answers: text: 10,550,350
context: The population of Paris in its administrative city limits was 2,241,346 in January 2014. This makes Paris the fifth largest municipality in the European Union, following London, Berlin, Madrid and Rome. Eurostat, the statistical agency of the EU, places Paris (6.5 million people) second behind London (8 million) and ahead of Berlin (3.5 million), based on the 2012 populations of what Eurostat calls "urban audit core cities". The Paris Urban Area, or "unité urbaine", is a statistical area created by the French statistical agency INSEE to measure the population of built-up areas around the city. It is slightly smaller than the Paris Region. According to INSEE, the Paris Urban Area had a population of 10,550,350 at the January 2012 census, the most populous in the European Union, and third most populous in Europe, behind Istanbul and Moscow. The Paris Metropolitan Area is the second most populous in the European Union after London with a population of 12,341,418 at the Jan. 2012 census.

qas: question: What is Paris' peak population?
answers: text: 2.9 million

question: When was Paris' population peak?
answers: text: 1921

question: What year was the first population increase since 1954?
answers: text: 2004

question: What was the population in 2009?
answers: text: 2,234,000
context: The population of Paris today is lower than its historical peak of 2.9 million in 1921. The principal reasons were a significant decline in household size, and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975. Factors in the migration included de-industrialisation, high rent, the gentrification of many inner quarters, the transformation of living space into offices, and greater affluence among working families. The city's population loss came to an end in the 21st century; the population estimate of July 2004 showed a population increase for the first time since 1954, and the population reached 2,234,000 by 2009.

qas: question: What was the most populated city in the EU in 2012?
answers: text: Commune of Paris

question: How many people lived per square kilometer in the city limits?
answers: text: 21,616

question: What three departments surrounding Paris had densities greater than 10k/k?
answers: text: Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne
context: According to Eurostat, the EU statistical agency, in 2012 the Commune of Paris was the most densely populated city in the European Union, with 21,616 people per square kilometre within the city limits (the NUTS-3 statistical area), ahead of Inner London West, which had 10,374 people per square kilometre. According to the same census, three departments bordering Paris, Hauts-de-Seine, Seine-Saint-Denis and Val-de-Marne, had population densities of over ten thousand people per square kilometre, ranking among the ten most densely populated areas of the EU.

qas: question: How many immigrants were in Paris in 2012 from Europe?
answers: text: 135,853

question: How many immigrants to Paris in 2012 were from the Maghreb?
answers: text: 112,369

question: How many immigrants in Paris in 2012 were from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt?
answers: text: 70,852

question: How many Asians immigrated to Paris in 2012?
answers: text: 91,297
context: The remaining group, people born in foreign countries with no French citizenship at birth, are those defined as immigrants under French law. According to the 2012 census, 135,853 residents of the city of Paris were immigrants from Europe, 112,369 were immigrants from the Maghreb, 70,852 from sub-Saharan Africa and Egypt, 5,059 from Turkey, 91,297 from Asia (outside Turkey), 38,858 from the Americas, and 1,365 from the South Pacific. Note that the immigrants from the Americas and the South Pacific in Paris are vastly outnumbered by migrants from French overseas regions and territories located in these regions of the world.

qas: question: What percentage of jobs were market services in 2012?
answers: text: 59.5

question: What industry had the lowest percentage of jobs in Paris of 2012?
answers: text: agriculture

question: What percentage of people worked in agriculture?
answers: text: 0.2

question: What percentage of people worked in finance and insurance?
answers: text: 5.9
context: At the 2012 census, 59.5% of jobs in the Paris Region were in market services (12.0% in wholesale and retail trade, 9.7% in professional, scientific, and technical services, 6.5% in information and communication, 6.5% in transportation and warehousing, 5.9% in finance and insurance, 5.8% in administrative and support services, 4.6% in accommodation and food services, and 8.5% in various other market services), 26.9% in non-market services (10.4% in human health and social work activities, 9.6% in public administration and defence, and 6.9% in education), 8.2% in manufacturing and utilities (6.6% in manufacturing and 1.5% in utilities), 5.2% in construction, and 0.2% in agriculture.

qas: question: How many salaried employees lived in the Paris Region in 2010?
answers: text: 5.4 million
context: The Paris Region had 5.4 million salaried employees in 2010, of whom 2.2 million were concentrated in 39 pôles d'emplois or business districts. The largest of these, in terms of number of employees, is known in French as the QCA, or quartier central des affaires; it is in the western part of the City of Paris, in the 2nd, 8th, 9th, 16th and 18th arrondissements. In 2010 it was the workplace of 500,000 salaried employees, about thirty percent of the salaried employees in Paris and ten percent of those in the Île-de-France. The largest sectors of activity in the central business district were finance and insurance (16 percent of employees in the district) and business services (15 percent). The district also includes a large concentration of department stores, shopping areas, hotels and restaurants, as well a government offices and ministries.

qas: question: Who is the second largest business district employer?
answers: text: La Défense

question: How many people worked for La Defense in 2010?
answers: text: 144,600

question: What field did the majority of the employees at La Defense work in?
answers: text: finance and insurance

question: What percentage of people worked in business support?
answers: text: 16

question: What two districts are extensions of the Paris business district?
answers: text: Neuilly-sur-Seine and Levallois-Perret
context: The second-largest business district in terms of employment is La Défense, just west of the city, where many companies installed their offices in the 1990s. In 2010 it was the workplace of 144,600 employees, of whom 38 percent worked in finance and insurance, 16 percent in business support services. Two other important districts, Neuilly-sur-Seine and Levallois-Perret, are extensions of the Paris business district and of La Defense. Another district, including Boulogne-Billancourt, Issy-les-Moulineaux and the southern part of the 15th arrondissement, is a center of activity for the media and information technology.

qas: question: What was Paris Region's GDP in 2012?
answers: text: €624 billion

question: How many world headquarters of the 31 Fortune Global 500 companies are located in Paris?
answers: text: 29

question: What percentage of Frances GDP is made up from the Paris Region's GDP?
answers: text: 30
context: The Paris Region is France's leading region for economic activity, with a 2012 GDP of €624 billion (US$687 billion). In 2011, its GDP ranked second among the regions of Europe and its per-capita GDP was the 4th highest in Europe. While the Paris region's population accounted for 18.8 percent of metropolitan France in 2011, the Paris region's GDP accounted for 30 percent of metropolitan France's GDP. In 2015 it hosts the world headquarters of 29 of the 31 Fortune Global 500 companies located in France.

qas: question: What as the Paris Region's economy shifted towards?
answers: text: high-value-added service industries

question: Prior to now, what was Paris' biggest economy?
answers: text: industry

question: Where is Paris economic Centre located?
answers: text: west of the city, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine
context: The Paris Region economy has gradually shifted from industry to high-value-added service industries (finance, IT services, etc.) and high-tech manufacturing (electronics, optics, aerospace, etc.). The Paris region's most intense economic activity through the central Hauts-de-Seine department and suburban La Défense business district places Paris' economic centre to the west of the city, in a triangle between the Opéra Garnier, La Défense and the Val de Seine. While the Paris economy is dominated by services, and employment in manufacturing sector has declined sharply, the region remains an important manufacturing centre, particularly for aeronautics, automobiles, and "eco" industries.

qas: question: In what districts are the majority of businesses service jobs located?
answers: text: 8th, 16th and 17th

question: Where are Paris' financial service companies majorly located?
answers: text: 8th and 9th arrondissement

question: What industry is located in the 1st, 6th, 8th and 9th arrondissements?
answers: text: department store

question: What percent of Parisians work in hotels and restaurants? 
answers: text: Fourteen

question: How many peole work in the La Defense district?
answers: text: 144,600
context: The majority of Paris' salaried employees fill 370,000 businesses services jobs, concentrated in the north-western 8th, 16th and 17th arrondissements. Paris' financial service companies are concentrated in the central-western 8th and 9th arrondissement banking and insurance district. Paris' department store district in the 1st, 6th, 8th and 9th arrondissements employ 10 percent of mostly female Paris workers, with 100,000 of these registered in the retail trade. Fourteen percent of Parisians work in hotels and restaurants and other services to individuals. Nineteen percent of Paris employees work for the State in either in administration or education. The majority of Paris' healthcare and social workers work at the hospitals and social housing concentrated in the peripheral 13th, 14th, 18th, 19th and 20th arrondissements. Outside Paris, the western Hauts-de-Seine department La Défense district specialising in finance, insurance and scientific research district, employs 144,600, and the north-eastern Seine-Saint-Denis audiovisual sector has 200 media firms and 10 major film studios.

qas: question: How many manufacturing workers does Paris have?
answers: text: 75,000

question: What does Paris region manufacturing specialize in?
answers: text: transportation

question: How much of a drop was there in manufacturing jobs between 1990 and 2010?
answers: text: 64

question: How many people does the Paris regions aerospace companies employ?
answers: text: 100,000

question: The closing of what plant in 20147 caused a major loss to the automobile industry?
answers: text: Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen
context: Paris' manufacturing is mostly focused in its suburbs, and the city itself has only around 75,000 manufacturing workers, most of which are in the textile, clothing, leather goods and shoe trades. Paris region manufacturing specialises in transportation, mainly automobiles, aircraft and trains, but this is in a sharp decline: Paris proper manufacturing jobs dropped by 64 percent between 1990 and 2010, and the Paris region lost 48 percent during the same period. Most of this is due to companies relocating outside the Paris region. The Paris region's 800 aerospace companies employed 100,000. Four hundred automobile industry companies employ another 100,000 workers: many of these are centred in the Yvelines department around the Renault and PSA-Citroen plants (this department alone employs 33,000), but the industry as a whole suffered a major loss with the 2014 closing of a major Aulnay-sous-Bois Citroen assembly plant.

qas: question: What does the southern Essonne department specialize in?
answers: text: science and technology

question: What does south-eastern Val-de-Marne specialize in?
answers: text: food processing and beverages

question: How many construction workers worked in Paris in 2011?
answers: text: 56,927

question: How many construction workers were employed in the metropolitan area?
answers: text: 246,639
context: The southern Essonne department specialises in science and technology, and the south-eastern Val-de-Marne, with its wholesale Rungis food market, specialises in food processing and beverages. The Paris region's manufacturing decline is quickly being replaced by eco-industries: these employ about 100,000 workers. In 2011, while only 56,927 construction workers worked in Paris itself, its metropolitan area employed 246,639, in an activity centred largely around the Seine-Saint-Denis (41,378) and Hauts-de-Seine (37,303) departments and the new business-park centres appearing there.

qas: question: What was the average net household income in Paris in 2011?
answers: text: €36,085

question: What was the average income in the 19th arrondissement?
answers: text: €22,095

question: What was the average in come in the 7th arrondissement?
answers: text: €82,449

question: What was the unemployment rate in the city of Paris?
answers: text: 8.2

question: What was the unemployment rate in the Siene-Saint-Denis department?
answers: text: 13.1
context: The average net household income (after social, pension and health insurance contributions) in Paris was €36,085 for 2011. It ranged from €22,095 in the 19th arrondissement to €82,449 in the 7th arrondissement. The median taxable income for 2011 was around €25,000 in Paris and €22,200 for Île-de-France. Generally speaking, incomes are higher in the Western part of the city and in the western suburbs than in the northern and eastern parts of the urban area.[citation needed] Unemployment was estimated at 8.2 percent in the city of Paris and 8.8 percent in the Île-de-France region in the first trimester of 2015. It ranged from 7.6 percent in the wealthy Essonne department to 13.1 percent in the Seine-Saint-Denis department, where many recent immigrants live.

qas: question: What percentage of households earned less than 977 per month?
answers: text: 14

question: WHat percentage of people in the 19th arrondissement lived below the poverty line?
answers: text: Twenty-five

question: What percentage of people lived below the poverty line in Paris' wealthiest neighborhood?
answers: text: 7
context: While Paris has some of the richest neighbourhoods in France, it also has some of the poorest, mostly on the eastern side of the city. In 2012, 14 percent of households in the city earned less than €977 per month, the official poverty line. Twenty-five percent of residents in the 19th arrondissement lived below the poverty line; 24 percent in the 18th, 22 percent in the 20th and 18 percent in the 10th. In the city's wealthiest neighbourhood, the 7th arrondissement, 7 percent lived below the poverty line; 8 percent in the 6th arrondissement; and 9 percent in the 16th arrondissement.

qas: question: How many people visited Paris' museums and monuments in 2013?
answers: text: 72.1 million

question: What is Paris' top tourist attraction?
answers: text: Notre Dame Cathedral

question: How many people visited the Louvre in 2013?
answers: text: 9.2 million

question: What is the most popular tourist attraction in Marne-la-Valee?
answers: text: Disneyland Paris
context: There were 72.1 million visitors to the city's museums and monuments in 2013. The city's top tourist attraction was the Notre Dame Cathedral, which welcomed 14 million visitors in 2013. The Louvre museum had more than 9.2 million visitors in 2013, making it the most visited museum in the world. The other top cultural attractions in Paris in 2013 were the Basilique du Sacré-Cœur (10.5 million visitors); the Eiffel Tower (6,740,000 visitors); the Centre Pompidou (3,745,000 visitors) and Musée d'Orsay (3,467,000 visitors). In the Paris region, Disneyland Paris, in Marne-la-Vallée, 32 km (20 miles) east of the centre of Paris, was the most visited tourist attraction in France, with 14.9 million visitors in 2013.

qas: question: Where are the most visited monuments located in Paris?
answers: text: centre of Paris

question: What is housed at Les Invalides?
answers: text: the tomb of Napoleon

question: Since when have the banks of the Seine from the Pont de Sully to the Pond'lena been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site?
answers: text: 1991
context: The centre of Paris contains the most visited monuments in the city, including the Notre Dame Cathedral and the Louvre as well as the Sainte-Chapelle; Les Invalides, where the tomb of Napoleon is located, and the Eiffel Tower are located on the Left Bank south-west of the centre. The banks of the Seine from the Pont de Sully to the Pont d'Iéna have been listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991. Other landmarks are laid out east to west along the historic axis of Paris, which runs from the Louvre through the Tuileries Garden, the Luxor Column in the Place de la Concorde, the Arc de Triomphe, to the Grande Arche of La Défense.

qas: question: How many hotels are in the City of Paris?
answers: text: 1,570

question: When did  The Hotel Meurice open?
answers: text: 1817

question: When was the Hotel du Louvre opened?
answers: text: 1855

question: Along what major road are most hotels located?
answers: text: Champs-Élysées
context: As of 2013 the City of Paris had 1,570 hotels with 70,034 rooms, of which 55 were rated five-star, mostly belonging to international chains and mostly located close to the centre and the Champs-Élysées. Paris has long been famous for its grand hotels. The Hotel Meurice, opened for British travellers in 1817, was one of the first luxury hotels in Paris. The arrival of the railroads and the Paris Exposition of 1855 brought the first flood of tourists and the first modern grand hotels; the Hôtel du Louvre (now an antiques marketplace) in 1855; the Grand Hotel (now the Intercontinental LeGrand) in 1862; and the Hôtel Continental in 1878. The Hôtel Ritz on Place Vendôme opened in 1898, followed by the Hôtel Crillon in an 18th-century building on the Place de la Concorde in 1909; the Hotel Bristol on rue de Fabourg Saint-Honoré in 1925; and the Hotel George V in 1928.

qas: question: What art was Paris famous for in the 16th and 17th centuries?
answers: text: sculpture and reliefs

question: Who was the first painter to King Louis XIV?
answers: text: Pierre Mignard

question: In what year was the Academie royale de peinture et de sculpture founded?
answers: text: 1648

question: Until what year was the Academie royale de peinture et de sculpture the top art school?
answers: text: 1793
context: For centuries, Paris has attracted artists from around the world, who arrive in the city to educate themselves and to seek inspiration from its vast pool of artistic resources and galleries. As a result, Paris has acquired a reputation as the "City of Art". Italian artists were a profound influence on the development of art in Paris in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly in sculpture and reliefs. Painting and sculpture became the pride of the French monarchy and the French royals commissioned many Parisian artists to adorn their palaces during the French Baroque and Classicism era. Sculptors such as Girardon, Coysevox and Coustou acquired reputations as the finest artists in the royal court in 17th-century France. Pierre Mignard became the first painter to King Louis XIV during this period. In 1648, the Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture) was established to accommodate for the dramatic interest in art in the capital. This served as France's top art school until 1793.

qas: question: What type of art did Paris help develop with painters like Gericault?
answers: text: Romanticism

question: In what town did Picasso live?
answers: text: Montmartre

question: What two towns were pinnacle for artistic production?
answers: text: Montmartre and Montparnasse

question: Between what two years did Picasso paint La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon?
answers: text: 1905 and 1907
context: Paris was in its artistic prime in the 19th century and early 20th century, when it had a colony of artists established in the city and in art schools associated with some of the finest painters of the times: Manet, Monet, Berthe Morisot, Gauguin, Renoir and others. The French Revolution and political and social change in France had a profound influence on art in the capital. Paris was central to the development of Romanticism in art, with painters such as Gericault. Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism, Fauvism Cubism and Art Deco movements all evolved in Paris. In the late 19th century, many artists in the French provinces and worldwide flocked to Paris to exhibit their works in the numerous salons and expositions and make a name for themselves. Artists such as Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Henri Rousseau, Marc Chagall, Amedeo Modigliani and many others became associated with Paris. Picasso, living in Montmartre, painted his famous La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon between 1905 and 1907. Montmartre and Montparnasse became centres for artistic production.

qas: question: In what year was the first permanent photograph produced?
answers: text: 1825

question: Who invented the first permanent photograph?
answers: text: Nicéphore Niépce

question: What was Eugene Atget known for photographing?
answers: text: street scenes

question: Who was knows for photographing night scenes?
answers: text: Marcel Bovis

question: When did poster art become an important art form?
answers: text: late nineteenth century
context: The inventor Nicéphore Niépce produced the first permanent photograph on a polished pewter plate in Paris in 1825, and then developed the process with Louis Daguerre. The work of Étienne-Jules Marey in the 1880s contributed considerably to the development of modern photography. Photography came to occupy a central role in Parisian Surrealist activity, in the works of Man Ray and Maurice Tabard. Numerous photographers achieved renown for their photography of Paris, including Eugène Atget, noted for his depictions of street scenes, Robert Doisneau, noted for his playful pictures of people and market scenes (among which Le baiser de l'hôtel de ville has became iconic of the romantic vision of Paris), Marcel Bovis, noted for his night scenes, and others such as Jacques-Henri Lartigue and Cartier-Bresson. Poster art also became an important art form in Paris in the late nineteenth century, through the work of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, Jules Chéret, Eugène Grasset, Adolphe Willette, Pierre Bonnard, Georges de Feure, Henri-Gabriel Ibels, Gavarni, and Alphonse Mucha.

qas: question: What was the most visited art museum in Paris in 2014?
answers: text: The Louvre

question: Where is the Mona Lisa housed?
answers: text: The Louvre

question: What is the second most visited art museum in Paris?
answers: text: Centre Georges Pompidou

question: What museum is known for its display of French art of the 19th century?
answers: text: Musée du quai Branly

question: What is Musee national des arts asiatiques famous for housing?
answers: text: collections of Asian art
context: The Louvre was the world's most visited art museum in 2014, with 9.3 million visitors. Its treasures include the Mona Lisa (La Joconde) and the Venus de Milo statue. Starkly apparent with its service-pipe exterior, the Centre Georges Pompidou, the second-most visited art museum in Paris, also known as Beaubourg, houses the Musée National d'Art Moderne. The Musée d'Orsay, in the former Orsay railway station, was the third-most visited museum in the city in 2014; it displays French art of the 19th century, including major collections of the Impressionists and Post-Impressionists. The original building - a railway station - was constructed for the Universal Exhibition of 1900. The Musée du quai Branly was the fourth-most visited national museum in Paris in 2014; it displays art objects from Africa, Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. The Musée national du Moyen Âge, or Cluny Museum, presents Medieval art, including the famous tapestry cycle of The Lady and the Unicorn. The Guimet Museum, or Musée national des arts asiatiques, has one of the largest collections of Asian art in Europe. There are also notable museums devoted to individual artists, including the Picasso Museum the Rodin Museum, and the Musée national Eugène Delacroix.

qas: question: What museum is famous for its dinosaur artifacts?
answers: text: The National Museum of Natural History

question: When did THe Contemporary Art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation open?
answers: text: October 2014

question: What famous landmark is Mysee de l'Armee lat Les Invalides located ner?
answers: text: the tomb of Napoleon

question: How many museums does the city of Paris operate?
answers: text: 14
context: Paris hosts one of the largest science museums in Europe, the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie at La Villette. The National Museum of Natural History, on the Left Bank, is famous for its dinosaur artefacts, mineral collections, and its Gallery of Evolution. The military history of France, from the Middle Ages to World War II, is vividly presented by displays at the Musée de l'Armée at Les Invalides, near the tomb of Napoleon. In addition to the national museums, run by the French Ministry of Culture, the City of Paris operates 14 museums, including the Carnavalet Museum on the history of Paris; Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris; Palais de Tokyo; the House of Victor Hugo and House of Balzac, and the Catacombs of Paris. There are also notable private museums; The Contemporary Art museum of the Louis Vuitton Foundation, designed by architect Frank Gehry, opened in October 2014 in the Bois de Boulogne.

qas: question: When did Philharmonie de Paris open?
answers: text: January 2015

question: What are the two largest opera houses in Paris?
answers: text: Opéra Garnier (historical Paris Opéra) and modern Opéra Bastille;

question: What does Opera Garnier specialize in?
answers: text: classic ballets and operas

question: In what year were the first performances of Diagheliv's Ballet Russes?
answers: text: 1913

question: Where di the first performances of Diagheliv's Ballets Russes take place?
answers: text: Théâtre des Champs-Élysées
context: The largest opera houses of Paris are the 19th-century Opéra Garnier (historical Paris Opéra) and modern Opéra Bastille; the former tends toward the more classic ballets and operas, and the latter provides a mixed repertoire of classic and modern. In middle of the 19th century, there were three other active and competing opera houses: the Opéra-Comique (which still exists), Théâtre-Italien, and Théâtre Lyrique (which in modern times changed its profile and name to Théâtre de la Ville). Philharmonie de Paris, the modern symphonic concert hall of Paris, opened in January 2015. Another musical landmark is the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées, where the first performances of Diaghilev's Ballets Russes took place in 1913.

qas: question: When was the oldest Paris theater founded?
answers: text: 1680

question: What is the name of Paris' oldest theater?
answers: text: Comédie-Française

question: Who runs Paris' oldest theater today?
answers: text: French government

question: What famous museum is Comedie-Francaise located next to?
answers: text: the Louvre
context: Theatre traditionally has occupied a large place in Parisian culture, and many of its most popular actors today are also stars of French television. The oldest and most famous Paris theatre is the Comédie-Française, founded in 1680. Run by the French government, it performs mostly French classics at the Salle Richelieu in the Palais-Royal at 2 rue de Richelieu, next to the Louvre.  of Other famous theaters include the Odéon-Théâtre de l'Europe, next to the Luxembourg Gardens, also a state institution and theatrical landmark; the Théâtre Mogador, and the Théâtre de la Gaîté-Montparnasse.

qas: question: In what year was The Moulin Rouge opened?
answers: text: 1889

question: What dance was created at the Moulin Rouge?
answers: text: French Cancan

question: In what year did the Crazy Horse Saloon open?
answers: text: 1951

question: Where did Grateful Dead play?
answers: text: The Olympia Paris
context: The music hall and cabaret are famous Paris institutions. The Moulin Rouge was opened in 1889. It was highly visible because of its large red imitation windmill on its roof, and became the birthplace of the dance known as the French Cancan. It helped make famous the singers Mistinguett and Édith Piaf and the painter Toulouse-Lautrec, who made posters for the venue. In 1911, the dance hall Olympia Paris invented the grand staircase as a settling for its shows, competing with its great rival, the Folies Bergère, Its stars in the 1920s included the American singer and dancer Josephine Baker. The Casino de Paris presented many famous French singers, including Mistinguett, Maurice Chevalier, and Tino Rossi. Other famous Paris music halls include Le Lido, on the Champs-Élysées, opened in 1946; and the Crazy Horse Saloon, featuring strip-tease, dance and magic, opened in 1951. The Olympia Paris has presented Edith Piaf, Marlene Dietrich, Miles Davis, Judy Garland, and the Grateful Dead. A half dozen music halls exist today in Paris, attended mostly visitors to the city. 

qas: question: What was the title of the first book printed in France?
answers: text: Epistolae

question: Who wrote Epistolae?
answers: text: Gasparinus de Bergamo

question: When was Epistolae published?
answers: text: 1470

question: In what language were most books printed in the middle ages?
answers: text: Latin
context: The first book printed in France, Epistolae ("Letters"), by Gasparinus de Bergamo (Gasparino da Barzizza), was published in Paris in 1470 by the press established by Johann Heynlin. Since then, Paris has been the centre of the French publishing industry, the home of some of the world's best-known writers and poets, and the setting for many classic works of French literature. Almost all the books published in Paris in the Middle Ages were in Latin, rather than French. Paris did not become the acknowledged capital of French literature until the 17th century, with authors such as Boileau, Corneille, La Fontaine, Molière, Racine, several coming from the provinces, and the foundation of the Académie française. In the 18th century, the literary life of Paris revolved around the cafés and salons, and was dominated by Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Pierre de Marivaux, and Beaumarchais.

qas: question: What book inspired the renovation of Notre Dame?
answers: text: The Hunchback of Notre Dame

question: Who wrote The Hunchback of Notre Dame?
answers: text: Victor Hugo

question: During what period of time was Victor Hugo exiled from France?
answers: text: Second Empire

question: Where did Jules Verne work during the day?
answers: text: Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange

question: Where did Jules Verne do research for his stories?
answers: text: National Library
context: During the 19th century, Paris was the home and subject for some of France's greatest writers, including Charles Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé, Mérimée, Alfred de Musset, Marcel Proust, Émile Zola, Alexandre Dumas, Gustave Flaubert, Guy de Maupassant and Honoré de Balzac. Victor Hugo's The Hunchback of Notre Dame inspired the renovation of its setting, the Notre-Dame de Paris. Another of Victor Hugo's works, Les Misérables, written while he was in exile outside France during the Second Empire, described the social change and political turmoil in Paris in the early 1830s. One of the most popular of all French writers, Jules Verne, worked at the Theatre Lyrique and the Paris stock exchange, while he did research for his stories at the National Library.

qas: question: Who was the winner of the 2014 Nobel prize in literature?
answers: text: Patrick Modiano

question: In what century did Collete, ANdre Gide and Francois Mauriac dominate the literary community?
answers: text: 20th

question: In what city does Patrick Modiano live?
answers: text: Paris

question: During what war did Modiano base most of his work off of?
answers: text: World War II
context: In the 20th century, the Paris literary community was dominated by Colette, André Gide, François Mauriac, André Malraux, Albert Camus, and, after World War II, by Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre; Between the wars it was the home of many important expatriate writers, including Ernest Hemingway, Samuel Beckett, and, in the 1970s, Milan Kundera. The winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature, Patrick Modiano–who lives in Paris–, based most of his literary work on the depiction of the city during World War II and the 1960s-1970s.

qas: question: What percentage of french publishing houses were in Paris in the 1970s?
answers: text: 80

question: Approximately how many bookstores are located in the 5th arrondissement?
answers: text: 150

question: How many bookstalls are located along the Seine?
answers: text: 250

question: What is the maximum amount a publishers book can be discounted?
answers: text: five percent
context: Paris is a city of books and bookstores. In the 1970s, 80 percent of French-language publishing houses were found in Paris, almost all on the Left Bank in the 5th, 6th and 7th arrondissements. Since that time, because of high prices, some publishers have moved out to the less expensive areas. It is also a city of small bookstores; There are about 150 bookstores in the 5th arrondissement alone, plus another 250 book stalls along the Seine. Small Paris bookstores are protected against competition from discount booksellers by French law; books, even e-books, cannot be discounted more than five percent below their publisher's cover price.

qas: question: in what century was a school of polyphony established at Notre Dame?
answers: text: 12th

question: In what year was the Conservatoire de Musique de Paris founded?
answers: text: 1795

question: Under whos reign did the lute become popular?
answers: text: Francois I

question: Who wrote Carmen?
answers: text: Georges Bizet's

question: Where was Frederic Chopin from?
answers: text: Poland
context: In the late 12th-century, a school of polyphony was established at the Notre-Dame. A group of Parisian aristocrats, known as Trouvères, became known for their poetry and songs. Troubadors were also popular. During the reign of Francois I, the lute became popular in the French court, and a national musical printing house was established. During the Renaissance era, the French Boleroroyals "disported themselves in masques, ballets, allegorical dances, recitals, and opera and comedy". Baroque-era composers include Jean-Baptiste Lully, Jean-Philippe Rameau, and François Couperin and were popular. The Conservatoire de Musique de Paris was founded in 1795. By 1870, Paris had become an important centre for symphony, ballet and operatic music. Romantic-era composers (in Paris) include Hector Berlioz (La Symphonie fantastique), Charles Gounod (Faust), Camille Saint-Saëns (Samson et Delilah), Léo Delibes (Lakmé) and Jules Massenet (Thaïs), among others. Georges Bizet's Carmen premiered 3 March 1875. Carmen has since become one of the most popular and frequently-performed operas in the classical canon; Impressionist composers Claude Debussy ((La Mer) and Maurice Ravel (Boléro) also made significant contributions to piano (Clair de lune, Miroirs), orchestra, opera (Palléas et Mélisande), and other musical forms. Foreign-born composers have made their homes in Paris and have made significant contributions both with their works and their influence. They include Frédéric Chopin (Poland), Franz Liszt (Hungary), Jacques Offenbach (Germany), and Igor Stravinsky (Russia).

qas: question: What style of french music became populars in the 1870sto 1880s?
answers: text: Bal-musette

question: in 1880, how many dance halls were in Paris?
answers: text: 150

question: What is a cabrette known as locally?
answers: text: musette

question: What type of bars were accordions often played in?
answers: text: Auvergnat
context: Bal-musette is a style of French music and dance that first became popular in Paris in the 1870s and 1880s; by 1880 Paris had some 150 dance halls in the working-class neighbourhoods of the city. Patrons danced the bourrée to the accompaniment of the cabrette (a bellows-blown bagpipe locally called a "musette") and often the vielle à roue (hurdy-gurdy) in the cafés and bars of the city. Parisian and Italian musicians who played the accordion adopted the style and established themselves in Auvergnat bars especially in the 19th arrondissement, and the romantic sounds of the accordion has since become one of the musical icons of the city. Paris became a major centre for jazz and still attracts jazz musicians from all around the world to its clubs and cafés.

qas: question: When did most of the jazz clubs close down?
answers: text: 1960s

question: Why did the jazz clubs close down?
answers: text: musical tastes shifted toward rock and roll

question: Where were most jazz clubs located?
answers: text: cellars
context: Immediately after the War The Saint-Germain-des-Pres quarter and the nearby Saint-Michel quarter became home to many small jazz clubs, mostly found in cellars because of a lack of space; these included the Caveau des Lorientais, the Club Saint-Germain, the Rose Rouge, the Vieux-Colombier, and the most famous, Le Tabou. They introduced Parisians to the music of Claude Luter, Boris Vian, Sydney Bechet Mezz Mezzrow, and Henri Salvador. Most of the clubs closed by the early 1960s, as musical tastes shifted toward rock and roll. 

qas: question: Where was the first movie projected for a paying audience in Paris?
answers: text: Grand Café

question: What date was the first movie played in Paris for a paying crowd?
answers: text: 28 December 1895

question: In what decade did movie theaters become popular?
answers: text: 1930s

question: What is the largest cinema room today in Paris?
answers: text: Le Grand Rex
context: The movie industry was born in Paris when Auguste and Louis Lumière projected the first motion picture for a paying audience at the Grand Café on 28 December 1895. Many of Paris' concert/dance halls were transformed into movie theatres when the media became popular beginning in the 1930s. Later, most of the largest cinemas were divided into multiple, smaller rooms. Paris' largest cinema room today is in Le Grand Rex theatre with 2,700 seats.
Big multiplex movie theaters have been built since the 1990s. UGC Ciné Cité Les Halles with 27 screens, MK2 Bibliothèque with 20 screens and UGC Ciné Cité Bercy with 18 screens are among the largest.

qas: question: Who realied the first digital cinema projection in Europe?
answers: text: Philippe Binant

question: Who developed the technology for the digital cinema projection?
answers: text: Texas Instruments

question: What types of films are most popular in Paris?
answers: text: Hollywood-generated

question: When was the first digital cinema projection in Europe?
answers: text: 2 February 2000
context: Parisians tend to share the same movie-going trends as many of the world's global cities, with cinemas primarily dominated by Hollywood-generated film entertainment. French cinema comes a close second, with major directors (réalisateurs) such as Claude Lelouch, Jean-Luc Godard, and Luc Besson, and the more slapstick/popular genre with director Claude Zidi as an example. European and Asian films are also widely shown and appreciated. On 2 February 2000, Philippe Binant realised the first digital cinema projection in Europe, with the DLP CINEMA technology developed by Texas Instruments, in Paris.

qas: question: What is the model for luxury Parisian restaurants?
answers: text: La Taverne Anglaise

question: When did La Taverne Angaise open?
answers: text: 1786

question: In what century was Cafe Anglais, Cafe de Paris and Rocher de Cancale opened?
answers: text: 19th

question: Near what were most restaurants opened?
answers: text: theatres
context: Since the late 18th century, Paris has been famous for its restaurants and haute cuisine, food meticulously prepared and artfully presented. A luxury restaurant, La Taverne Anglaise, opened in 1786 in the arcades of the Palais-Royal by Antoine Beauvilliers; it featured an elegant dining room, an extensive menu, linen tablecloths, a large wine list and well-trained waiters; it became a model for future Paris restaurants. The restaurant Le Grand Véfour in the Palais-Royal dates from the same period. The famous Paris restaurants of the 19th century, including the Café de Paris, the Rocher de Cancale, the Café Anglais, Maison Dorée and the Café Riche, were mostly located near the theatres on the Boulevard des Italiens; they were immortalised in the novels of Balzac and Émile Zola. Several of the best-known restaurants in Paris today appeared during the Belle Epoque, including Maxim's on Rue Royale, Ledoyen in the gardens of the Champs-Élysées, and the Tour d'Argent on the Quai de la Tournelle.

qas: question: How many restaurants are there today in Paris?
answers: text: 9,000

question: When was the Michelin guide created?
answers: text: 1900

question: How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in Paris in 2015?
answers: text: nine

question: How many 3 star Michelin restaurants were in France in 2015?
answers: text: 29
context: Today, thanks to Paris' cosmopolitan population, every French regional cuisine and almost every national cuisine in the world can be found there; the city has more than 9,000 restaurants. The Michelin Guide has been a standard guide to French restaurants since 1900, awarding its highest award, three stars, to the best restaurants in France. In 2015, of the 29 Michelin three-star restaurants in France, nine are located in Paris. These include both restaurants which serve classical French cuisine, such as L'Ambroisie in the Place des Vosges, and those which serve non-traditional menus, such as L'Astrance, which combines French and Asian cuisines. Several of France's most famous chefs, including Pierre Gagnaire, Alain Ducasse, Yannick Alléno and Alain Passard, have three-star restaurants in Paris.

qas: question: When was the first cafe opened in Paris?
answers: text: 17th century

question: What is the oldest cafe in Paris?
answers: text: Cafe Procope

question: What type of eating place is defined as a neighborhood restaurant?
answers: text: bistro

question: When was the brasserie made popular?
answers: text: Paris Exposition of 1867
context: In addition to the classical restaurants, Paris has several other kinds of traditional eating places. The café arrived in Paris in the 17th century, when the beverage was first brought from Turkey, and by the 18th century Parisian cafés were centres of the city's political and cultural life. The Cafe Procope on the Left Bank dates from this period. In the 20th century, the cafés of the Left Bank, especially Café de la Rotonde and Le Dôme Café in Montparnasse and Café de Flore and Les Deux Magots on Boulevard Saint Germain, all still in business, were important meeting places for painters, writers and philosophers. A bistro is a type of eating place loosely defined as a neighbourhood restaurant with a modest decor and prices and a regular clientele and a congenial atmosphere. Its name is said to have come in 1814 from the Russian soldiers who occupied the city; "bistro" means "quickly" in Russian, and they wanted their meals served rapidly so they could get back their encampment. Real bistros are increasingly rare in Paris, due to rising costs, competition from cheaper ethnic restaurants, and different eating habits of Parisian diners. A brasserie originally was a tavern located next to a brewery, which served beer and food at any hour. Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1867; it became a popular kind of restaurant which featured beer and other beverages served by young women in the national costume associated with the beverage, particular German costumes for beer. Now brasseries, like cafés, serve food and drinks throughout the day.

qas: question: What is clothing made to order for private clients called?
answers: text: haute couture

question: Dior is from which city?
answers: text: Paris

question: In what century did Paris become largely into fashion?
answers: text: 19th

question: What is the world's largest cosmetic company?
answers: text: L'Oréal
context: Paris has been an international capital of high fashion since the 19th century, particularly in the domain of haute couture, clothing hand-made to order for private clients. It is home of some of the largest fashion houses in the world, including Dior and Chanel, and of many well-known fashion designers, including Karl Lagerfeld, Jean-Paul Gaultier, Christophe Josse and Christian Lacroix. Paris Fashion Week, held in January and July in the Carrousel du Louvre and other city locations, is among the top four events of the international fashion calendar, along with the fashion weeks in Milan, London and New York. Paris is also the home of the world's largest cosmetics company, L'Oréal, and three of the five top global makers of luxury fashion accessories; Louis Vuitton, Hermés and Cartier.

qas: question: How many centres of higher education are in Paris?
answers: text: 55

question: During which time frame were most grandes ecoles relocated?
answers: text: 1960s and 1970s

question: Where is ENA located?
answers: text: Strasbourg,

question: Where is CESLA located?
answers: text: Neuilly-sur-Seine
context: The Paris region hosts France's highest concentration of the grandes écoles – 55 specialised centres of higher-education outside the public university structure. The prestigious public universities are usually considered grands établissements. Most of the grandes écoles were relocated to the suburbs of Paris in the 1960s and 1970s, in new campuses much larger than the old campuses within the crowded city of Paris, though the École Normale Supérieure has remained on rue d'Ulm in the 5th arrondissement. There are a high number of engineering schools, led by the Paris Institute of Technology which comprises several colleges such as École Polytechnique, École des Mines, AgroParisTech, Télécom Paris, Arts et Métiers, and École des Ponts et Chaussées. There are also many business schools, including HEC, INSEAD, ESSEC, and ESCP Europe. The administrative school such as ENA has been relocated to Strasbourg, the political science school Sciences-Po is still located in Paris' 7th arrondissement and the most prestigious university of economics and finance, Paris-Dauphine, is located in Paris' 16th. The Parisian school of journalism CELSA department of the Paris-Sorbonne University is located in Neuilly-sur-Seine. Paris is also home to several of France's most famous high-schools such as Lycée Louis-le-Grand, Lycée Henri-IV, Lycée Janson de Sailly and Lycée Condorcet. The National Institute of Sport and Physical Education, located in the 12th arrondissement, is both a physical education institute and high-level training centre for elite athletes.

qas: question: Who operates the public libraries in Paris?
answers: text: Bibliothèque nationale de France

question: What is the Forney Library dedicated to?
answers: text: decorative arts

question: When was the Sainte Genevieve Library built?
answers: text: mid-1800s

question: What is the oldest public library in France?
answers: text: Bibliothèque Mazarine

question: Which library contains four glass towers?
answers: text: The François Mitterrand Library
context: The Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF) operates public libraries in Paris, among them the François Mitterrand Library, Richelieu Library, Louvois, Opéra Library, and Arsenal Library. There are three public libraries in the 4th arrondissement. The Forney Library, in the Marais district, is dedicated to the decorative arts; the Arsenal Library occupies a former military building, and has a large collection on French literature; and the Bibliothèque historique de la ville de Paris, also in Le Marais, contains the Paris historical research service. The Sainte-Geneviève Library is in 5th arrondissement; designed by Henri Labrouste and built in the mid-1800s, it contains a rare book and manuscript division. Bibliothèque Mazarine, in the 6th arrondissement, is the oldest public library in France. The Médiathèque Musicale Mahler in the 8th arrondissement opened in 1986 and contains collections related to music. The François Mitterrand Library (nicknamed Très Grande Bibliothèque) in the 13th arrondissement was completed in 1994 to a design of Dominique Perrault and contains four glass towers.

qas: question: What is the largest university library?
answers: text: Sorbonne Library

question: Outside of France, where are the other three branches of the Sorbonne library located?
answers: text: Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques

question: In what arrondissement is the Sorbonne library in Paris located?
answers: text: 5th
context: There are several academic libraries and archives in Paris. The Sorbonne Library in the 5th arrondissement is the largest university library in Paris. In addition to the Sorbonne location, there are branches in Malesherbes, Clignancourt-Championnet, Michelet-Institut d'Art et d'Archéologie, Serpente-Maison de la Recherche, and Institut des Etudes Ibériques. Other academic libraries include Interuniversity Pharmaceutical Library, Leonardo da Vinci University Library, Paris School of Mines Library, and the René Descartes University Library.

qas: question: What is the most predominant religion in France?
answers: text: Roman Catholic

question: How many parishes and curates were there in 2011?
answers: text: 106

question: How many catholic schools are in Paris?
answers: text: 110

question: How many students attend catholic schools?
answers: text: 75,000
context: Like the rest of France, Paris has been predominantly Roman Catholic since the early Middle Ages, though religious attendance is now low. A majority of Parisians are still nominally Roman Catholic. According to 2011 statistics, there are 106 parishes and curates in the city, plus separate parishes for Spanish, Polish and Portuguese Catholics. There are an additional 10 Eastern Orthodox parishes, and bishops for the Armenian and Ukrainian Orthodox Churches. In addition there are eighty male religious orders and 140 female religious orders in the city, as well as 110 Catholic schools with 75,000 students.

qas: question: How many evangelical churches are there in Paris?
answers: text: 74

question: How many parishes of the LDS church are in Paris?
answers: text: two

question: When was the American Church in Paris founded?
answers: text: 1814

question: What is the principal Anglican church in Paris?
answers: text: Saint George's Anglican Church
context: Almost all Protestant denominations are represented in Paris, with 74 evangelical churches from various denominations, including 21 parishes of the United Protestant Church of France and two parishes of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter-Day Saints. There are several important churches for the English-speaking community: the American Church in Paris, founded in 1814, was the first American church outside the United States; the current church was finished in 1931. The Saint George's Anglican Church in the 16th arrondissement is the principal Anglican church in the city.

qas: question: What percentage of France's Jewish population survived the holocaust?
answers: text: 75

question: When did a large number of Sephardic Jews settle in Paris?
answers: text: 1960s

question: Who built the Marais-quarter Agodudas Hakehilos Synagogue?
answers: text: Hector Guimard

question: When was the Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue built?
answers: text: 1913
context: During the Middle Ages, Paris was a center of Jewish learning with famous Talmudic scholars, such as Yechiel of Paris who took part in the Disputation of Paris between Christian and Jewish intellectuals. The Parisian Jewish community was victim of persecution, alternating expulsions and returns, until France became the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population during the French Revolution. Although 75% of the Jewish population in France survived the Holocaust during World War II, half the city's Jewish population perished in Nazi concentration camps, while some others fled abroad. A large migration of North Africa Sephardic Jews settled Paris in the 1960s, and represent most of the Paris Jewish community today. There are currently 83 synagogues in the city; The Marais-quarter Agoudas Hakehilos Synagogue, built in 1913 by architect Hector Guimard, is a Paris landmark.

qas: question: What is the former Cameroon pavilion?
answers: text: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple

question: Where is the biggest Buddha statue in Europe?
answers: text: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple

question: How tall is the biggest Buddha statue in Europe?
answers: text: more than nine metres high

question: When did the Hindu temple on Rue Pajol open?
answers: text: 1985
context: The Pagode de Vincennes Buddhist temple, near Lake Daumesnil in the Bois de Vincennes, is the former Cameroon pavilion from the 1931 Paris Colonial Exposition. It hosts several different schools of Buddhism, and does not have a single leader. It shelters the biggest Buddha statue in Europe, more than nine metres high. There are two other small temples located in the Asian community in the 13th arrondissement. A Hindu temple, dedicated to Ganesh, on Rue Pajol in the 18th arrondissement, opened in 1985.

qas: question: How many seats are in the State de France?
answers: text: 80,000

question: What was the State de France built for?
answers: text: 1998 FIFA World Cup

question: What is the most popular football club in Paris?
answers: text: Paris Saint-Germain F.C.

question: What is the rugby club in Paris?
answers: text: Stade Français
context: Paris' most popular sport clubs are the association football club Paris Saint-Germain F.C. and the rugby union club Stade Français. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the commune of Saint-Denis. It is used for football, rugby union and track and field athletics. It hosts the French national football team for friendlies and major tournaments qualifiers, annually hosts the French national rugby team's home matches of the Six Nations Championship, and hosts several important matches of the Stade Français rugby team. In addition to Paris Saint-Germain FC, the city has a number of other amateur football clubs: Paris FC, Red Star, RCF Paris and Stade Français Paris.

qas: question: Who oversees the transit network in Paris?
answers: text: The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France

question: What was the STIF formerly known as?
answers: text: Syndicat des transports parisiens

question: How many bus lines does the STIF oversee?
answers: text: 347

question: How many bus lines does the Optile Consortium manage?
answers: text: 1,176
context: Paris is a major rail, highway, and air transport hub. The Syndicat des transports d'Île-de-France (STIF), formerly Syndicat des transports parisiens (STP), oversees the transit network in the region. The syndicate coordinates public transport and contracts it out to the RATP (operating 347 bus lines, the Métro, eight tramway lines, and sections of the RER), the SNCF (operating suburban rails, one tramway line and the other sections of the RER) and the Optile consortium of private operators managing 1,176 bus lines.

qas: question: Where does line T1 run from?
answers: text: Asnières-Gennevilliers to Noisy-le-Sec

question: Where does line T2 run?
answers: text: Pont de Bezons to Porte de Versailles

question: How many lines are in the rail network?
answers: text: nine

question: where does T5 run?
answers: text: Saint-Denis to Garges-Sarcelles

question: Who operates these lines?
answers: text: Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens
context: In addition, the Paris region is served by a light rail network of nine lines, the tramway: Line T1 runs from Asnières-Gennevilliers to Noisy-le-Sec, line T2 runs from Pont de Bezons to Porte de Versailles, line T3a runs from Pont du Garigliano to Porte de Vincennes, line T3b runs from Porte de Vincennes to Porte de la Chapelle, line T5 runs from Saint-Denis to Garges-Sarcelles, line T6 runs from Châtillon to Velizy, line T7 runs from Villejuif to Athis-Mons, line T8 runs from Saint-Denis to Épinay-sur-Seine and Villetaneuse, all of which are operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens, and line T4 runs from Bondy RER to Aulnay-sous-Bois, which is operated by the state rail carrier SNCF. Five new light rail lines are currently in various stages of development.

qas: question: Where is the 4th busiest international air transport hub in the world?
answers: text: Paris

question: How many passengers did Paris see in 2014?
answers: text: 96.5 million

question: What is the oldest air port in Paris?
answers: text: Paris-Le Bourget
context: Paris is a major international air transport hub with the 4th busiest airport system in the world. The city is served by three commercial international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Paris-Orly and Beauvais-Tillé. Together these three airports recorded traffic of 96.5 million passengers in 2014. There is also one general aviation airport, Paris-Le Bourget, historically the oldest Parisian airport and closest to the city centre, which is now used only for private business flights and air shows.

qas: question: What airport does Ryanair use?
answers: text: Beauvais-Tillé Airport

question: Where is the hub for Air France?
answers: text: Charles de Gaulle Airport

question: What is the busiest airport in Paris?
answers: text: Charles de Gaulle Airport

question: Where is Orly airport located?
answers: text: southern suburbs of Paris
context: Orly Airport, located in the southern suburbs of Paris, replaced Le Bourget as the principal airport of Paris from the 1950s to the 1980s. Charles de Gaulle Airport, located on the edge of the northern suburbs of Paris, opened to commercial traffic in 1974 and became the busiest Parisian airport in 1993. Today it is the 4th busiest airport in the world by international traffic, and is the hub for the nation's flag carrier Air France.  Beauvais-Tillé Airport, located 69 km (43 mi) north of Paris' city centre, is used by charter airlines and low-cost carriers such as Ryanair.

qas: question: WHen did the Canal de l'Ourcq start providing Paris with water?
answers: text: 1809

question: Who was Eugene Belgrand under?
answers: text: Napoleon III

question: How many km of underground passageways are dedicated to teh evacuationof Paris' waste liquids?
answers: text: 2,400

question: Who created Paris' reservoir system?
answers: text: Eugène Belgrand
context: Paris in its early history had only the Seine and Bièvre rivers for water. From 1809, the Canal de l'Ourcq provided Paris with water from less-polluted rivers to the north-east of the capital. From 1857, the civil engineer Eugène Belgrand, under Napoleon III, oversaw the construction of a series of new aqueducts that brought water from locations all around the city to several reservoirs built atop the Capital's highest points of elevation. From then on, the new reservoir system became Paris' principal source of drinking water, and the remains of the old system, pumped into lower levels of the same reservoirs, were from then on used for the cleaning of Paris' streets. This system is still a major part of Paris' modern water-supply network. Today Paris has more than 2,400 km (1,491 mi) of underground passageways dedicated to the evacuation of Paris' liquid wastes.

qas: question: How many municipal parks and gardens does Paris have?
answers: text: 421

question: When was the Tuileries Garden created?
answers: text: 1564

question: Who redid the Tuileries Garden in 1664?
answers: text: André Le Nôtre

question: Who was the Luxembourg palace built for?
answers: text: Marie de' Medici

question: Who created the Jarden des Plantes?
answers: text: Guy de La Brosse
context: Paris today has more than 421 municipal parks and gardens, covering more than 3,000 hectares and containing more than 250,000 trees. Two of Paris' oldest and most famous gardens are the Tuileries Garden, created in 1564 for the Tuileries Palace, and redone by André Le Nôtre between 1664 and 1672, and the Luxembourg Garden, for the Luxembourg Palace, built for Marie de' Medici in 1612, which today houses the French Senate. The Jardin des Plantes was the first botanical garden in Paris, created in 1626 by Louis XIII's doctor Guy de La Brosse for the cultivation of medicinal plants.

qas: question: Who was Paris' first director of parks and gardens?
answers: text: Jean-Charles Alphand

question: How many new parks have been created in Paris since 1977?
answers: text: 166

question: WHen was the Parc de la Villette created?
answers: text: 1987

question: What park has floating gardens?
answers: text: Promenade des Berges de la Seine

question: When was the Promenade des Berges de la Seine built?
answers: text: 2013
context: Between 1853 and 1870, the Emperor Napoleon III and the city's first director of parks and gardens, Jean-Charles Alphand, created the Bois de Boulogne, the Bois de Vincennes, Parc Montsouris and the Parc des Buttes-Chaumont, located at the four points of the compass around the city, as well as many smaller parks, squares and gardens in the Paris' quarters. Since 1977, the city has created 166 new parks, most notably the Parc de la Villette (1987), Parc André Citroën (1992), and Parc de Bercy (1997). One of the newest parks, the Promenade des Berges de la Seine (2013), built on a former highway on the Left Bank of the Seine between the Pont de l'Alma and the Musée d'Orsay, has floating gardens and gives a view of the city's landmarks.

qas: question: What is Paris' largest cemetary?
answers: text: les Innocents

question: When were inner city burials banned?
answers: text: 1786

question: During what years were the bones moved from Cimetiere des Innocents to the catacombs?
answers: text: 1786 and 1814

question: Where can view the network of tunnels to the catacombs?
answers: text: the official tour of the catacombs
context: In Paris' Roman era, its main cemetery was located to the outskirts of the Left Bank settlement, but this changed with the rise of Catholicism, where most every inner-city church had adjoining burial grounds for use by their parishes. With Paris' growth many of these, particularly the city's largest cemetery, les Innocents, were filled to overflowing, creating quite unsanitary conditions for the capital. When inner-city burials were condemned from 1786, the contents of all Paris' parish cemeteries were transferred to a renovated section of Paris' stone mines outside the "Porte d'Enfer" city gate, today place Denfert-Rochereau in the 14th arrondissement. The process of moving bones from Cimetière des Innocents to the catacombs took place between 1786 and 1814; part of the network of tunnels and remains can be visited today on the official tour of the catacombs.

qas: question: Who was Prefect Nicholas Frochot under?
answers: text: Napoleon Bonaparte

question: When were the 3 new cemeteries open?
answers: text: 1804

question: What is the largest of the cemeteries created in the 20th centuries?
answers: text: Cimetière parisien de Saint-Ouen
context: After a tentative creation of several smaller suburban cemeteries, the Prefect Nicholas Frochot under Napoleon Bonaparte provided a more definitive solution in the creation of three massive Parisian cemeteries outside the city limits. Open from 1804, these were the cemeteries of Père Lachaise, Montmartre, Montparnasse, and later Passy; these cemeteries became inner-city once again when Paris annexed all neighbouring communes to the inside of its much larger ring of suburban fortifications in 1860. New suburban cemeteries were created in the early 20th century: The largest of these are the Cimetière parisien de Saint-Ouen, the Cimetière parisien de Pantin (also known as Cimetière parisien de Pantin-Bobigny, the Cimetière parisien d'Ivry, and the Cimetière parisien de Bagneux).[citation needed] Some of the most famous people in the world are buried in Parisian cemeteries.

qas: question: Who provides emergency care in the city of Paris?
answers: text: Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris

question: How many people are employed at AP-HP?
answers: text: 90,000

question: How many hospitals are in Paris?
answers: text: 44

question: How many patients visit the hospitals annually?
answers: text: 5.8 million
context: Health care and emergency medical service in the city of Paris and its suburbs are provided by the Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), a public hospital system that employs more than 90,000 people (including practitioners, support personnel, and administrators) in 44 hospitals. It is the largest hospital system in Europe. It provides health care, teaching, research, prevention, education and emergency medical service in 52 branches of medicine. The hospitals receive more than 5.8 million annual patient visits.

qas: question: What are France's two most prestigious newspapers?
answers: text: Le Monde and Le Figaro

question: What is France's oldest operating news agency?
answers: text: Agence

question: When did Agence open in Paris?
answers: text: 1835

question: What television station is operated by the French government?
answers: text: France 24
context: Paris and its close suburbs is home to numerous newspapers, magazines and publications including Le Monde, Le Figaro, Libération, Le Nouvel Observateur, Le Canard enchaîné, La Croix, Pariscope, Le Parisien (in Saint-Ouen), Les Échos, Paris Match (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Réseaux & Télécoms, Reuters France, and L'Officiel des Spectacles. France's two most prestigious newspapers, Le Monde and Le Figaro, are the centrepieces of the Parisian publishing industry. Agence France-Presse is France's oldest, and one of the world's oldest, continually operating news agencies. AFP, as it is colloquially abbreviated, maintains its headquarters in Paris, as it has since 1835. France 24 is a television news channel owned and operated by the French government, and is based in Paris. Another news agency is France Diplomatie, owned and operated by the Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs, and pertains solely to diplomatic news and occurrences.

qas: question: What is the most viewed television network in France?
answers: text: TF1

question: Where is TF1 located?
answers: text: Boulogne-Billancourt

question: What is France's public radio broadcaster?
answers: text: Radio France

question: What is the name of France's national postal carrier?
answers: text: La Poste
context: The most-viewed network in France, TF1, is in nearby Boulogne-Billancourt; France 2, France 3, Canal+, France 5, M6 (Neuilly-sur-Seine), Arte, D8, W9, NT1, NRJ 12, La Chaîne parlementaire, France 4, BFM TV, and Gulli are other stations located in and around the capital. Radio France, France's public radio broadcaster, and its various channels, is headquartered in Paris' 16th arrondissement. Radio France Internationale, another public broadcaster is also based in the city. Paris also holds the headquarters of the La Poste, France's national postal carrier.