Aspirated_consonant

qas: question: Aspiration and preaspiration are used in what?
answers: text: phonetics

question: Aspirated consonants are what in English?
answers: text: allophones

question: What are two language types where the difference is contrastive?
answers: text: Indian and East Asian

question: What creates a strong burst of breath?

question: What are aspirated consonants in the Asian language?

question: Allophones are similar in what two languages?

question: What accompanies the opening of some obstruents?

question: What uses a weak burst of breath?
context: In phonetics, aspiration is the strong burst of breath that accompanies either the release or, in the case of preaspiration, the closure of some obstruents. In English, aspirated consonants are allophones in complementary distribution with their unaspirated counterparts, but in some other languages, notably most Indian and East Asian languages, the difference is contrastive.

qas: question: With what word should you see a candle flicker or feel a puff of air?
answers: text: pin

question: In English the first consonant in "pin" is what?
answers: text: aspirated

question: When should one put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's eyes?

question: In what dialect would the initial consonant be unaspriated in pin and aspirated in spin?

question: Which word would be aspirated in most English dialects?

question: What would you see when you use your hand to see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds?

question: What would you do to see the similarities between aspirated and unaspirated sounds?
context: To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, one can put a hand or a lit candle in front of one's mouth, and say pin [pʰɪn] and then spin [spɪn]. One should either feel a puff of air or see a flicker of the candle flame with pin that one does not get with spin. In most dialects of English, the initial consonant is aspirated in pin and unaspirated in spin.

qas: question: What does IPA stand for?
answers: text: International Phonetic Alphabet

question: Written IPA consonants use symbols for what?
answers: text: voiceless consonants

question: What modifier indicates a voiceless bilabial stop?
answers: text: p

question: pʰ represents what?
answers: text: aspirated bilabial stop

question: What is considered an unaspirated consonant?

question: Aspiration modifiers are represented by what?

question: Voiceless consonants are prefaced by what?

question: The voiced glottal fricative is indicated by what letter?

question: The unaspirated bilabial stop is represented by what letter?
context: In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), aspirated consonants are written using the symbols for voiceless consonants followed by the aspiration modifier letter ⟨◌ʰ⟩, a superscript form of the symbol for the voiceless glottal fricative ⟨h⟩. For instance, ⟨p⟩ represents the voiceless bilabial stop, and ⟨pʰ⟩ represents the aspirated bilabial stop.

qas: question: What is not often aspirated?
answers: text: Voiced consonants

question: The symbol followed by bʰ would likely mean the consonant has what type of release?
answers: text: breathy

question: Voiced aspirated consonants are what type?
answers: text: breathy-voiced

question: Voiced symbols are seldom what?

question: Symbols for voiceless consonants are typical in what language?

question: Unaspirated consonants are called what?

question: Symbols for voiced releases typically represent what?

question: Breathy-voiced aspirated consonants are called what?
context: Voiced consonants are seldom actually aspirated. Symbols for voiced consonants followed by ⟨◌ʰ⟩, such as ⟨bʰ⟩, typically represent consonants with breathy voiced release (see below). In the grammatical tradition of Sanskrit, aspirated consonants are called voiceless aspirated, and breathy-voiced consonants are called voiced aspirated.

qas: question: There are no IPA symbols for what?
answers: text: degrees of aspiration

question: What may be doubled to indicate a long aspiration?
answers: text: aspiration modifier

question: What language, according to the text, may need double stops to indicate aspiration length?
answers: text: Korean

question: How are voice-onset time details usually presented?
answers: text: numerically

question: Which two IPA symbols are marked?

question: The two degrees of aspiration in English stops are transcribed as what?

question: The details of voice-onset symbols are given how?

question: Which old letter for light aspiration is now obsolete?

question: The aspiration modifier letter may be tripled to indicate what?
context: There are no dedicated IPA symbols for degrees of aspiration and typically only two degrees are marked: unaspirated ⟨k⟩ and aspirated ⟨kʰ⟩. An old symbol for light aspiration was ⟨ʻ⟩, but this is now obsolete. The aspiration modifier letter may be doubled to indicate especially strong or long aspiration. Hence, the two degrees of aspiration in Korean stops are sometimes transcribed ⟨kʰ kʰʰ⟩ or ⟨kʻ⟩ and ⟨kʰ⟩, but they are usually transcribed [k] and [kʰ], with the details of voice-onset time given numerically.

qas: question: A preaspirated consonant is marked how?
answers: text: placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol

question: What represents a preaspirated bilabial stop?
answers: text: ⟨ʰp⟩

question: Preaspirated symbols are marked how?

question: What represents the unaspirated bilabial stop?

question: What represents the aspiration modifier letter?

question: What represents the preaspirated bilabial start?

question: Unaspirated consonants are marked how?
context: Preaspirated consonants are marked by placing the aspiration modifier letter before the consonant symbol: ⟨ʰp⟩ represents the preaspirated bilabial stop.

qas: question: How are unaspirated or tenuis consonants sometimes marked for unaspiration?
answers: text: with the modifier letter

question: What is the superscript equal sign?
answers: text: ⟨t˭⟩

question: Most often, unaspirated consonants are what?
answers: text: left unmarked

question: How are unaspirated consonants left unmarked?
answers: text: ⟨t⟩

question: Aspirated or tenuis consonants are occasionally marked how?

question: How are aspirated consonants marked?

question: How are aspirated consonants usually left?

question: What is occasionally marked with the modifier letter for aspiration?

question: Unspirated or tenuis symbols are occasionally marked with which letter?
context: Unaspirated or tenuis consonants are occasionally marked with the modifier letter for unaspiration ⟨◌˭⟩, a superscript equal sign: ⟨t˭⟩. Usually, however, unaspirated consonants are left unmarked: ⟨t⟩.

qas: question: What is created when the vocal folds are spread and do not vibrate?
answers: text: Voiceless consonants

question: What is created when vocal folds are slightly closed and vibrate?
answers: text: voiced consonants

question: What is it called when a person's vocal cords stay open after a consonant?
answers: text: Voiceless aspiration

question: Voiced consonants are produced when what opens?

question: How would you measure voiced aspiration?

question: When the vocal folds are vibrating, what is produced?

question: What can not begin until after the vocal cords open?

question: What is produced when the vocal folds are open and vibrating?
context: Voiceless consonants are produced with the vocal folds open (spread) and not vibrating, and voiced consonants are produced when the vocal folds are fractionally closed and vibrating (modal voice). Voiceless aspiration occurs when the vocal cords remain open after a consonant is released. An easy way to measure this is by noting the consonant's voice-onset time, as the voicing of a following vowel cannot begin until the vocal cords close.

qas: question: Aspiration of stops is seen as voiceless velar airflow in some languages, such as what?
answers: text: Navajo

question: In Navajo, the aspiration of affricates can be seen as what?
answers: text: an extended length of the frication

question: What is realized as an extended length of the airflow?

question: In what language does the unaspiration of stops tend to be realized as voiceless velar airflow?

question: What is realized as voiced velar airflow?

question: In what language does voiceless velar airflow not exist?

question: Aspiration of airflow is realized as what?
context: Phonetically in some languages, such as Navajo, aspiration of stops tends to be realised as voiceless velar airflow; aspiration of affricates is realised as an extended length of the frication.

qas: question: In Eastern Armenian, aspirated consonants occur in what?
answers: text: consonant clusters

question: Where are consonants aspirated in just the final position?
answers: text: Wahgi

question: Unaspirated consonants are not always followed by what?

question: In what language is unaspiration contrastive?

question: In what language are consonants aspirated only in start position?

question: What occurs in sound clusters?

question: What is not always followed by vowels or unvoiced sounds?
context: Aspirated consonants are not always followed by vowels or other voiced sounds. For example, in Eastern Armenian, aspiration is contrastive even word-finally, and aspirated consonants occur in consonant clusters. In Wahgi, consonants are aspirated only in final position.

qas: question: As well as lasting as long as an English aspirated stop, the Armenian and Cantonese aspiration lasts as long as what?
answers: text: unaspirated stops

question: What languages have aspiration that lasts about as long as Korean aspirated stops?

question: Whose aspiration lasts longer than that of Armenian or Korean?

question: Whose stops are shorter than that of Armenian or Cantonese?

question: Korean has what kind of unaspirated stops?

question: Armenian unaspirated stops last longer than whose?
context: Armenian and Cantonese have aspiration that lasts about as long as English aspirated stops, in addition to unaspirated stops. Korean has lightly aspirated stops that fall between the Armenian and Cantonese unaspirated and aspirated stops as well as strongly aspirated stops whose aspiration lasts longer than that of Armenian or Cantonese. (See voice-onset time.)

qas: question: Aspiration alters with what?
answers: text: place of articulation

question: Voice-onset times in Armenian measure at 20, 25, and what?

question: Unaspiration varies with what?

question: Which language measures at 60, 70, and 50 ms?

question: The Spanish voice-closing times are what?

question: The Spanish voiced stops are?
context: Aspiration varies with place of articulation. The Spanish voiceless stops /p t k/ have voice-onset times (VOTs) of about 5, 10, and 30 milliseconds, whereas English aspirated /p t k/ have VOTs of about 60, 70, and 80 ms. Voice-onset time in Korean has been measured at 20, 25, and 50 ms for /p t k/ and 90, 95, and 125 for /pʰ tʰ kʰ/.

qas: question: What happens when an aspirated consonant is doubled or geminated?
answers: text: the stop is held longer and then has an aspirated release.

question: What is comprised of a stop, fricative, and aspirated release?
answers: text: An aspirated affricate

question: What happens when aspirated consonants are tripled or germinated?

question: What has a release of the fricative and unaspiration?

question: An unaspirated consonant consists of what?

question: What consists of a stop, fricative, and unaspirated release?

question: A tripled aspirated affricate has a longer what?
context: When aspirated consonants are doubled or geminated, the stop is held longer and then has an aspirated release. An aspirated affricate consists of a stop, fricative, and aspirated release. A doubled aspirated affricate has a longer hold in the stop portion and then has a release consisting of the fricative and aspiration.

qas: question: What two languages mentioned have have preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk]?
answers: text: Icelandic and Faroese

question: What do scholars say the preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk] are too?
answers: text: consonant clusters

question: What do preaspirated stops contrast with in Icelandic?
answers: text: double stops and single stops

question: What stops contrast with triple and single stops?

question: Icelandic and English have preaspirated what?

question: Aspirated stops contrast with what?

question: In Faroese, preaspirated stops contrast with what?

question: Symbol clusters exists in which two languages?
context: Icelandic and Faroese have preaspirated [ʰp ʰt ʰk]; some scholars interpret these as consonant clusters as well. In Icelandic, preaspirated stops contrast with double stops and single stops:

qas: question: The Sami tongue also has what?
answers: text: Preaspirated stops

question: Which Sami tongue has unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes pronounced preaspirated?
answers: text: North Sami

question: Unaspirated stops occur in which languages?

question: What occurs in the medial or start position?

question: The voiced stop and affricate phonemes occur in what position?

question: What are pronounced unaspirated?

question: In South Sami what are pronounced preaspirated?
context: Preaspirated stops also occur in most Sami languages; for example, in North Sami, the unvoiced stop and affricate phonemes /p/, /t/, /ts/, /tʃ/, /k/ are pronounced preaspirated ([ʰp], [ʰt] [ʰts], [ʰtʃ], [ʰk]) when they occur in medial or final position.

qas: question: How many contrastive aspirated fricatives does Choni Tibetan have?
answers: text: up to four

question: Unaspirated fricatives have been documented in which language?

question: Which language has up to five contrastive aspirated fricatives?

question: Most unaspirated obstruents are what?

question: The Siouan language Ofo has how many contrastive aspirated fricatives?

question: Choni Tibetan has how many unaspirated fricatives?
context: Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four contrastive aspirated fricatives [sʰ] [ɕʰ], [ʂʰ] and [xʰ].

qas: question: Indian languages commonly have murmured consonants instead of what?
answers: text: True aspirated voiced consonants

question: True aspirated consonants are considered what?
answers: text: rare

question: True aspirated consonants have been found in Kelabit Taa and what else?
answers: text: Kx'a languages

question: Are truly unaspirated voiceless consonants common or rare?

question: What is common in the language of English?

question: Murmured consonants are uncommon in which language of which country?

question: What has been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages?

question: True aspirated voice consonants are common in which country?
context: True aspirated voiced consonants, as opposed to murmured (breathy-voice) consonants such as the [bʱ], [dʱ], [ɡʱ] that are common in the languages of India, are extremely rare. They have been documented in Kelabit Taa, and the Kx'a languages. Reported aspirated voiced stops, affricates and clicks are [b͡pʰ, d͡tʰ, d͡tsʰ, d͡tʃʰ, ɡ͡kʰ, ɢ͡qʰ, ᶢʘʰ, ᶢǀʰ, ᶢǁʰ, ᶢǃʰ, ᶢǂʰ].

qas: question: What has a different significance in various languages?
answers: text: Aspiration

question: What two forms can aspiration be in?
answers: text: allophonic or phonemic

question: What may be analyzed as an underlying symbol cluster?

question: Aspiration can differ in which two languages?

question: Unaspiration has varying significance in what?

question: What may be analyzed as an underlying phonemic cluster?

question: What is either allophonic or a cluster?
context: Aspiration has varying significance in different languages. It is either allophonic or phonemic, and may be analyzed as an underlying consonant cluster.

qas: question: Aspiration is what, in English and some other languages?
answers: text: allophonic

question: How are stops distinguished?
answers: text: voicing

question: Voiceless stops are at times what?
answers: text: aspirated

question: Voiced stops are most often what?
answers: text: unaspirated

question: In what language in unaspiration allophonic?

question: Voiceless languages are sometimes what?

question: Symbols are distinguished primarily by what?

question: Voiced breaths are usually what?

question: What are sometimes allophonic?
context: In some languages, such as English, aspiration is allophonic. Stops are distinguished primarily by voicing, and voiceless stops are sometimes aspirated, while voiced stops are usually unaspirated.

qas: question: When following a word such as spill, they are what for most speakers?
answers: text: unaspirated

question: If the letter s is a different place in the word, it is typical unaspirated unless the word is what?
answers: text: compound words

question: If there is a cluster such as st and it belongs to different morphemes, the stop is what?
answers: text: aspirated

question: If the st belongs to one morpheme, then the stop is what?
answers: text: unaspirated

question: What is unaspirated since it is not analyzed as three morphemes?

question: What word-initial is aspirated for almost all speakers?

question: When is the consonant unaspirated?

question: Distaste has an unaspirated middle why?

question: After a k elsewhere in a word they are normally what?
context: They are unaspirated for almost all speakers when immediately following word-initial s, as in spill, still, skill. After an s elsewhere in a word they are normally unaspirated as well, except sometimes in compound words. When the consonants in a cluster like st are analyzed as belonging to different morphemes (heteromorphemic) the stop is aspirated, but when they are analyzed as belonging to one morpheme the stop is unaspirated.[citation needed] For instance, distend has unaspirated [t] since it is not analyzed as two morphemes, but distaste has an aspirated middle [tʰ] because it is analyzed as dis- + taste and the word taste has an aspirated initial t.

qas: question: In languages like Thai and Icelandic, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what?
answers: text: phonemic

question: [p˭ s˭] and [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate what?
answers: text: phonemes

question: In the Armenian language, tenuis and unaspirated stops are what?

question: What makes up combined phonemes?

question: Sentences are distinguished by what?

question: In the English language, tenuis and aspirated consonants are what?

question: An example of an unaspirated stop is?
context: In many languages, such as Armenian, Korean, Thai, Indo-Aryan languages, Dravidian languages, Icelandic, Ancient Greek, and the varieties of Chinese, tenuis and aspirated consonants are phonemic. Unaspirated consonants like [p˭ s˭] and aspirated consonants like [pʰ ʰp sʰ] are separate phonemes, and words are distinguished by whether they have one or the other.

qas: question: How are lenis consonants distinguished from fortis consonants?
answers: text: their lack of aspiration

question: If the lenis are ⟨b d ɡ⟩, what are the fortis counterparts?
answers: text: ⟨p t k⟩

question: What is often transcribed for numerical reasons?

question: In English, "lenis" consonants are know as what?

question: The "lenis" consonants are distinguished from their modern counterparts by what?

question: Fortis counterparts are known as what in the Spanish language?

question: Fortis counterparts are translated as what in the Chinese language?
context: In Danish and most southern varieties of German, the "lenis" consonants transcribed for historical reasons as ⟨b d ɡ⟩ are distinguished from their fortis counterparts ⟨p t k⟩, mainly in their lack of aspiration.

qas: question: Mandarin has stops and affricates that are distinguished by what?
answers: text: aspiration

question: Tenuis stops have letters that are representative of English voiced consonant in what?
answers: text: pinyin

question: What kind of stops in pinyin are written with letters that representative of voiceless consonants?
answers: text: aspirated stops

question: The English language has stops and affricates distinguished by what?

question: In pinyin, tenuis consonants are written how?

question: In pinyin, unaspirated stops are written how?

question: What is written with letter that represent voiced consonants?

question: What represents d?
context: Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents /tʰ/.

qas: question: What has a three-way distinction in regards to stops and affricates?
answers: text: Wu Chinese

question: What is the actual distinction for Wu Chinese?
answers: text: /p pʰ b/

question: What is /b/ representative of, in addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants?
answers: text: Muddy consonants

question: What kind of voice are muddy consonants pronounced with?
answers: text: slack or breathy

question: Wu Chinese has a four-way distinction in what?

question: What is strongly voiced?

question: What causes a syllable to be pronounced with high pitch or light tone?

question: What is an example of a breathy consonant?

question: What causes a stop to be pronounced with low pitch or light tone?
context: Wu Chinese has a three-way distinction in stops and affricates: /p pʰ b/. In addition to aspirated and unaspirated consonants, there is a series of muddy consonants, like /b/. These are pronounced with slack or breathy voice: that is, they are weakly voiced. Muddy consonants as initial cause a syllable to be pronounced with low pitch or light (陽 yáng) tone.

qas: question: How many distinctions in stops do languages like Bengali and Hindi have?
answers: text: four

question: What is another term for voice-aspirated?
answers: text: breathy-voiced

question: Which distinction has Punjabi lost?
answers: text: breathy-voiced consonants

question: What languages have unaspirated stops?

question: Sanskrit has a three-way distinction in what?

question: What has gained breathy-voiced consonants?

question: What happened to result in a toneless system?

question: What is an example of a two-way distinction in stops?
context: Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has a distinction between voiceless, aspirated, and voiced: /p pʰ b/.

qas: question: Telegu, Kannada and others are considered to be some of the what languages?
answers: text: Dravidian

question: What has no distinction between the categories  of voiced, voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated?
answers: text: native Dravidian words

question: In native English words, there is no distinction between what?

question: What is used only in loanwords from Spanish languages?

question: What is underspecified for voicing and unaspiratoin?

question: There are many category distinctions in what language?

question: All of the Dravidian languages have a distinction between what?
context: Some of the Dravidian languages, such as Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada, have a distinction between voiced and voiceless, aspirated and unaspirated only in loanwords from Indo-Aryan languages. In native Dravidian words, there is no distinction between these categories and stops are underspecified for voicing and aspiration.

qas: question: What language has two-way distinctions between aspirated and voiced?
answers: text: Western Armenian

question: Western Armenian /tʰ/ compares to eastern Armenian /tʰ/ and what?
answers: text: /d/

question: The Western Armenian voiced /d/ compares to the Eastern Armenian voiceless what?
answers: text: /t/

question: Western Armenian has a three-way distinction between what?

question: Western Armenian aspirated corresponds to Eastern American what?

question: Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiced what?

question: Eastern Armenian has a two-way distinction between what?

question: Western voiceless /d/ corresponds to what?
context: Western Armenian has a two-way distinction between aspirated and voiced: /tʰ d/. Western Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ corresponds to Eastern Armenian aspirated /tʰ/ and voiced /d/, and Western voiced /d/ corresponds to Eastern voiceless /t/.

qas: question: Early Greek (before Koine) have been redone with what?
answers: text: aspirated stops.

question: What Greek dialect had three-way stop distinction like Eastern Armenian?
answers: text: Classical Attic

question: Who referred to the Classical Attic dialect stops by the three distinctions?
answers: text: Greek grammarians

question: A two-way distinction in stops was called what?

question: Some forms of English are reconstructed as what?

question: Which Armenian language had a two-way distinction in stops?

question: The Classical Arctic dialect belonged to which country?

question: Which languages are reconstructed as having unaspirated stops?
context: Some forms of Greek before the Koine Greek period are reconstructed as having aspirated stops. The Classical Attic dialect of Ancient Greek had a three-way distinction in stops like Eastern Armenian: /t tʰ d/. These stops were called ψιλά, δασέα, μέσα "thin, thick, middle" by Koine Greek grammarians.

qas: question: What is the representation for the three places of articulation?
answers: text: /pʰ tʰ kʰ/

question: Earlier Greek was represented by what?
answers: text: Mycenaean Greek

question: Whether a stop was labial, coronal or velar depended on what two things?
answers: text: dialect and phonetic environment

question: Unaspirated stops were at which three places of articulation?

question: Early Greece was represented by what?

question: What likely had a velar unaspirated stop?

question: The three places of articulation are the labial, cortical and what?

question: The labialized velar unaspirated stop is represented by what?
context: There were aspirated stops at three places of articulation: labial, coronal, and velar /pʰ tʰ kʰ/. Earlier Greek, represented by Mycenaean Greek, likely had a labialized velar aspirated stop /kʷʰ/, which later became labial, coronal, or velar depending on dialect and phonetic environment.

qas: question: Dialects such as Aeolic and Doric had how many distinctions that were the same at one point in time?
answers: text: three

question: Which two dialects lost aspiration at times?
answers: text: Ionic and Aeolic

question: Rather than /tʰ/, what did the Doric dialect have in place during the Classical period?
answers: text: fricative

question: What ancient dialects had the same two-way distinction at one point?

question: What dialect had a fricative in the Modern period?

question: Which four dialects sometimes lost aspiration?

question: Which two dialects sometime gained aspiration?

question: What was gained aspiration called?
context: The other Ancient Greek dialects, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, and Arcadocypriot, likely had the same three-way distinction at one point, but Doric seems to have had a fricative in place of /tʰ/ in the Classical period, and the Ionic and Aeolic dialects sometimes lost aspiration (psilosis).

qas: question: Attic Greek lenited to what?
answers: text: voiceless and voiced fricatives

question: The lenited Attic Greek yielded /θ ð/ in what periods?
answers: text: Medieval and Modern Greek

question: Arctic Greek yielded what other versions of the Greek language?

question: During what period did unaspirated and voiceless stops lenited to voiceless and voiced fricatives?

question: What represents unaspirated and voiceless stops?

question: Arctic Greek lenited to what?
context: Later, during the Koine Greek period, the aspirated and voiceless stops /tʰ d/ of Attic Greek lenited to voiceless and voiced fricatives, yielding /θ ð/ in Medieval and Modern Greek.

qas: question: Aspiration may refer to a sound change of what?
answers: text: debuccalization

question: Debuccalization is when consonants are weakened to become what?
answers: text: glottal stop or fricative

question: What is another term for a consonant being weakened?
answers: text: lenited

question: The term unaspiration sometimes refers to what?

question: When is a consonant strengthened to become a glottal stop or fricative?

question: What is sometime referred to as the vocal change of debuccalization?

question: What sometimes becomes a global stop or fricative?

question: When a sound is lenited it becomes what?
context: The term aspiration sometimes refers to the sound change of debuccalization, in which a consonant is lenited (weakened) to become a glottal stop or fricative [ʔ h ɦ].

qas: question: What is breathy voice?
answers: text: a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds

question: The ⟨bʰ⟩ in the Indo-Aryan languages is better transcribed how for breathy voice?
answers: text: ⟨b̤⟩, with the diacritic

question: What is the superscript form of the symbol for the voiceless glottal fricative?

question: Unaspirated consonants are nearly always pronouced how?

question: What causes a murmured vibration of the vocal cords?

question: What represents a strong voiced or breathy dental stop?

question: What represents the "voice aspirated" bilabial stop in the English language?
context: So-called voiced aspirated consonants are nearly always pronounced instead with breathy voice, a type of phonation or vibration of the vocal folds. The modifier letter ⟨◌ʰ⟩ after a voiced consonant actually represents a breathy-voiced or murmured dental stop, as with the "voiced aspirated" bilabial stop ⟨bʰ⟩ in the Indo-Aryan languages. This consonant is therefore more accurately transcribed as ⟨b̤⟩, with the diacritic for breathy voice, or with the modifier letter ⟨bʱ⟩, a superscript form of the symbol for the voiced glottal fricative ⟨ɦ⟩.

qas: question: What do some linguists restrict the double-dot subscript ⟨◌̤⟩ to?
answers: text: murmured sonorants

question: What are, according to the text, murmured for their duration?
answers: text: vowels and nasals

question: What uses the ⟨◌ʱ⟩?
answers: text: breathy-voiced release of obstruents.

question: Some linguists restrict what to loud sonorants?

question: What are murmured thought part of their duration?

question: What represents the double-dot hook-aitch?

question: What is used for the loud-voiced release of obstruents?

question: All linguists restrict the double-dot subscript to what?
context: Some linguists restrict the double-dot subscript ⟨◌̤⟩ to murmured sonorants, such as vowels and nasals, which are murmured throughout their duration, and use the superscript hook-aitch ⟨◌ʱ⟩ for the breathy-voiced release of obstruents.