Utrecht

qas: question: How far back does evidence of inhabitation date back
answers: text: inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE)

question:  What did the Roman emperor Claudius decide 
answers: text: Claudius decided the empire should not expand north.

question: What was built along the Rhine 
answers: text: To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed  along the main branch of the river Rhine

question: How many soldiers did the fortress hold 
answers: text: These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers

question: Who settled near the fort 
answers: text: Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children

question: What area area was first settled in the Stone Age?

question: What area was first inhabited during the Bronze age?

question: What was first built in 50 BCE

question: What was built to expand the borders durng the reign of Claudius?

question: Where were the soldiers and their wives housed?
context: Although there is some evidence of earlier inhabitation in the region of Utrecht, dating back to the Stone Age (app. 2200 BCE) and settling in the Bronze Age (app. 1800–800 BCE), the founding date of the city is usually related to the construction of a Roman fortification (castellum), probably built in around 50 CE. A series of such fortresses was built after the Roman emperor Claudius decided the empire should not expand north. To consolidate the border the limes Germanicus defense line was constructed  along the main branch of the river Rhine, which at that time flowed through a more northern bed compared to today (what is now the Kromme Rijn). These fortresses were designed to house a cohort of about 500 Roman soldiers. Near the fort settlements would grow housing artisans, traders and soldiers' wives and children.

qas: question: Who raided German territories regularly 
answers: text: Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories.

question: When did the Romans leave Utrecht
answers: text: Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned

question: What happens between 275 and 650
answers: text: Little is known about the next period 270–650.

question: What was built in the 7th century 
answers: text: a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress

question: How was the the church destroyed 
answers: text: In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.

question: Who started invading Roman territories during the mid 300's?

question: Who abandoned Utrecht in the 2nd century?

question: Who ruled the Franks in the 700's?

question: Wat was built inside the Roman fortress in the 700's?
context: From the middle of the 3rd century Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories. Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned. Little is known about the next period 270–650. Utrecht is first spoken of again several centuries after the Romans left. Under the influence of the growing realms of the Franks, during Dagobert I's reign in the 7th century, a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress. In ongoing border conflicts with the Frisians this first church was destroyed.

qas: question: Who tried to convert Frisians
answers: text: English and Irish missionaries set out to convert the Frisians

question: Who did the pope appoint Bishop
answers: text: The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians

question: What did Charles Martel do 
answers: text: Frankish leader Charles Martel bestowed the fortress in Utrecht and the surrounding lands as the base of the bishops

question: What year did Utrecht gain in power 
answers: text: After the fall of Dorestad around 850, Utrecht became one of the most important cities in the Netherlands

question: What showed the importance of Utrecht
answers: text: Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens as pope in 1522

question: Who tried to convert the Frisians in the 700's?

question: Who gave the fortress at Utrecht to the bishops?

question: What city fell in the 8th century?
context: By the mid-7th century, English and Irish missionaries set out to convert the Frisians. The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians. The tenure of Willibrordus is generally considered to be the beginning of the Bishopric of Utrecht. In 723, the Frankish leader Charles Martel bestowed the fortress in Utrecht and the surrounding lands as the base of the bishops. From then on Utrecht became one of the most influential seats of power for the Roman Catholic Church in the Netherlands. The archbishops of Utrecht were based at the uneasy northern border of the Carolingian Empire. In addition, the city of Utrecht had competition from the nearby trading centre Dorestad. After the fall of Dorestad around 850, Utrecht became one of the most important cities in the Netherlands. The importance of Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens as pope in 1522 (the last non-Italian pope before John Paul II).

qas: question: What hapend when Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism
answers: text: the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops

question: What was part of the territory of bishopric 
answers: text: not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast

question: What conflict affected Utrecht
answers: text: The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages heavily affected Utrecht

question: Who was in conflict with the prince bishopric 
answers: text: the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Guelders

question: What region was seized 
answers: text: The Veluwe region was seized by Guelders

question: What system ended the prince-bishops?

question: Who's territory extended to the west?

question: What conflicts did Utrecht manage to stay out of?

question: Who were the allies of the prince-bishopric?
context: When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages heavily affected Utrecht. The prince-bishopric was involved in almost continuous conflicts with the Counts of Holland and the Dukes of Guelders. The Veluwe region was seized by Guelders, but large areas in the modern province of Overijssel remained as the Oversticht.

qas: question: What was the Most dominant Cathedral in Utrecht
answers: text: The most dominant of these was the Cathedral of Saint Martin, inside the old Roman fortress

question: What began in 1254 
answers: text: The construction of the present Gothic building was begun in 1254 after an earlier romanesque construction had been badly damaged by fire

question: Was the cathedral finished 
answers: text: the age of the great cathedrals had come to an end and declining finances prevented the ambitious project from being finished

question: How many collegiate churches existed in Utecht besides the cathedral
answers: text: Besides the cathedral there were four collegiate churches in Utrecht

question: What else was housed in the city 
answers: text: the city housed St. Paul's Abbey, the 15th-century beguinage of St. Nicholas, and a 14th-century chapter house of the Teutonic Knights.

question: What was Utrecht built around?

question: construction on what church began in the 12th century?

question: What part of the Chathedral of Saint Martin was finished in the 13th century?

question: When was construction completed on the Cathedral of Saint Martin?

question: What church were demolished in the 1600's
context: Several churches and monasteries were built inside, or close to, the city of Utrecht. The most dominant of these was the Cathedral of Saint Martin, inside the old Roman fortress. The construction of the present Gothic building was begun in 1254 after an earlier romanesque construction had been badly damaged by fire. The choir and transept were finished from 1320 and were followed then by the ambitious Dom tower. The last part to be constructed was the central nave, from 1420. By that time, however, the age of the great cathedrals had come to an end and declining finances prevented the ambitious project from being finished, the construction of the central nave being suspended before the planned flying buttresses could be finished. Besides the cathedral there were four collegiate churches in Utrecht: St. Salvator's Church (demolished in the 16th century), on the Dom square, dating back to the early 8th century. Saint John (Janskerk), originating in 1040; Saint Peter, building started in 1039 and Saint Mary's church building started around 1090 (demolished in the early 19th century, cloister survives). Besides these churches the city housed St. Paul's Abbey, the 15th-century beguinage of St. Nicholas, and a 14th-century chapter house of the Teutonic Knights.

qas: question: What did Utrecht's location allow 
answers: text: allowed Utrecht to become an important trade centre in the Northern Netherlands.

question: Who granted Utrecht city rights 
answers: text: Henry V in 1122

question: What was the relationship with the bishop like for citizens of Utrecht
answers: text: the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy

question: What Industry did the bishop hurt 
answers: text: The bishop, for example dammed the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to protect his estates from flooding

question: What allowed Utrecht to become a major global trading center?

question: When Henry the VII grant Utrecht city rights

question: What was Utrecht granted in the 11th century?

question: What river did merchants dam?
context: The location on the banks of the river Rhine allowed Utrecht to become an important trade centre in the Northern Netherlands. The growing town Utrecht was granted city rights by Henry V in 1122. When the main flow of the Rhine moved south, the old bed, which still flowed through the heart of the town became evermore canalized; and the wharf system was built as an inner city harbour system. On the wharfs storage facilities (werfkelders) were built, on top of which the main street, including houses was constructed. The wharfs and the cellars are accessible from a platform at water level with stairs descending from the street level to form a unique structure.[nb 2] The relations between the bishop, who controlled many lands outside of the city, and the citizens of Utrecht was not always easy. The bishop, for example dammed the Kromme Rijn at Wijk bij Duurstede to protect his estates from flooding. This threatened shipping for the city and led the city of Utrecht to commission a canal to ensure access to the town for shipping trade: the Vaartse Rijn, connecting Utrecht to the Hollandse IJssel at IJsselstein.

qas: question: What year did the bishop lose power 
answers: text: In 1528 the bishop lost secular power over both Neder- and Oversticht – which included the city of Utrecht – to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

question: What did Charles V combine 
answers: text: Charles V combined the Seventeen Provinces (the current Benelux and the northern parts of France) as a personal union

question: What did the loss of power end 
answers: text: the prince-bishopric Utrecht, as the secular rule was now the lordship of Utrecht, with the religious power remaining with the bishop

question: What was the bishop of Utrecht raised to 
answers: text: In 1559 the bishopric of Utrecht was raised to archbishopric to make it the religious center of the Northern ecclesiastical province in the Seventeen provinces

question: Who lost power in the 15th century?

question: Who replaced the bishop?

question: What bishopric was raised archbishopric in the 15th century?

question: What was the religious center of Norther Europe?
context: In 1528 the bishop lost secular power over both Neder- and Oversticht – which included the city of Utrecht – to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Charles V combined the Seventeen Provinces (the current Benelux and the northern parts of France) as a personal union. This ended the prince-bishopric Utrecht, as the secular rule was now the lordship of Utrecht, with the religious power remaining with the bishop, although Charles V had gained the right to appoint new bishops. In 1559 the bishopric of Utrecht was raised to archbishopric to make it the religious center of the Northern ecclesiastical province in the Seventeen provinces.

qas: question: Why was the transition to a new union difficult 
answers: text: Charles V was struggling to exert his power over the citizens of the city, who had struggled to gain a certain level of independence from the bishops

question: What was the purpose of the castle 
answers: text: The heavily fortified castle Vredenburg was built to house a large garrison whose main task was to maintain control over the city

question: How long did the castle last 
answers: text: The castle would last less than 50 years before it was demolished in an uprising in the early stages of the Dutch Revolt

question: How was the transition from part of a large union to independence taken?

question: Who tried to exert power over the bishop?

question: Who prefered the authority of the bishop to Charles V?

question: How long did it take to build the castle?
context: The transition from independence to a relatively minor part of a larger union was not easily accepted. To quell uprisings Charles V was struggling to exert his power over the citizens of the city, who had struggled to gain a certain level of independence from the bishops and were not willing to cede this to their new lord. The heavily fortified castle Vredenburg was built to house a large garrison whose main task was to maintain control over the city. The castle would last less than 50 years before it was demolished in an uprising in the early stages of the Dutch Revolt.

qas: question: What was signed in 1579 
answers: text: the northern seven provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they decided to join forces against Spanish rule

question: What is this union seen as 
answers: text: The Union of Utrecht is seen as the beginning of the Dutch Republic

question: What became the dominant province 
answers: text: towards its dominant province Holland

question: What was the state of Utrecht 
answers: text: Utrecht remained an atypical city in the new republic with about 40% Catholic in the mid-17th century, and even more among the elite groups

question: Who signed the Union of Utrecht in the 15th century?

question: Who opposed Spanish rule in the 15th century?

question: What union ended the Dutch Republic?

question: What did the bishopric abolish?
context: In 1579 the northern seven provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they decided to join forces against Spanish rule. The Union of Utrecht is seen as the beginning of the Dutch Republic. In 1580 the new and predominantly Protestant state abolished the bishoprics, including the archbishopric of Utrecht. The stadtholders disapproved of the independent course of the Utrecht bourgeoisie and brought the city under much more direct control of the republic; which shifted the power towards its dominant province Holland. This was the start of a long period of stagnation of trade and development in Utrecht. Utrecht remained an atypical city in the new republic with about 40% Catholic in the mid-17th century, and even more among the elite groups, who included many rural nobility and gentry with town houses there.

qas: question: Who did the fortified city fall to in 1672 
answers: text: temporarily fell to the French invasion in 1672 (the Disaster Year); where the French invasion was only stopped west of Utrecht

question: In 1674 what hit Utrecht 
answers: text: the centre of Utrecht was struck by a tornado

question: What collapsed during the tornado 
answers: text: The halt to building before construction of flying buttresses in the 15th century now proved to be the undoing of the central section of the cathedral

question: What did Utrecht host in 1713 
answers: text: In 1713, Utrecht hosted one of the first international peace negotiations when the Treaty of Utrecht settled the War of the Spanish Succession

question: Since 1723 what has Utrecht become 
answers: text: Utrecht became the centre of the non-Roman Old Catholic Churches in the world

question: Who did the city fall to in the 16th century?

question: Who left the city in 1674?

question: What natural disaister struck in the late 16th century?

question: What did Utrecht host in the 17th century?

question: What did Uterecht become the center of in the 17th century?
context: The fortified city temporarily fell to the French invasion in 1672 (the Disaster Year); where the French invasion was only stopped west of Utrecht at the Old Hollandic Waterline. In 1674, only two years after the French left, the centre of Utrecht was struck by a tornado. The halt to building before construction of flying buttresses in the 15th century now proved to be the undoing of the central section of the cathedral of St Martin church which collapsed; creating the current Dom square between the tower and choir. In 1713, Utrecht hosted one of the first international peace negotiations when the Treaty of Utrecht settled the War of the Spanish Succession. Since 1723 Utrecht became the centre of the non-Roman Old Catholic Churches in the world.

qas: question: What hapend in the early 19th century
answers: text: the role of Utrecht as a fortified town had become obsolete

question: In 1843 what brought growth to Utrecht 
answers: text: a railway connecting Utrecht to Amsterdam was opened

question: What was reinstated in 1853 
answers: text: the Dutch government allowed the bishopric of Utrecht to be reinstated by Rome, and Utrecht became the centre of Dutch Catholicism

question: what was built in the 1920's and 1930's 
answers: text: New middle class residential areas, such as Tuindorp and Oog in Al, were built

question: What became obsolete in the 1900's?

question: What was moved to allow for expansion?

question: What connected Utrecht to Amsterdam in the 18th century?

question: What made Amsterdam the main hub of the Dutch railway?

question: What did Rietveld build in the 19th century?
context: In the early 19th century, the role of Utrecht as a fortified town had become obsolete. The fortifications of the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie were moved east of Utrecht. The town walls could now be demolished to allow for expansion. The moats remained intact and formed an important feature of the Zocher plantsoen, an English style landscape park that remains largely intact today. Growth of the city increased when, in 1843, a railway connecting Utrecht to Amsterdam was opened. After that, Utrecht gradually became the main hub of the Dutch railway network. With the industrial revolution finally gathering speed in the Netherlands and the ramparts taken down, Utrecht began to grow far beyond the medieval centre. In 1853, the Dutch government allowed the bishopric of Utrecht to be reinstated by Rome, and Utrecht became the centre of Dutch Catholicism once more. From the 1880s onward neighbourhoods such as Oudwijk, Wittevrouwen, Vogelenbuurt to the East, and Lombok to the West were developed. New middle class residential areas, such as Tuindorp and Oog in Al, were built in the 1920s and 1930s. During this period, several Jugendstil houses and office buildings were built, followed by Rietveld who built the Rietveld Schröder House (1924), and Dudok's construction of the city theater (1941).

qas: question: What was railway area developed into 
answers: text: were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a brutalist style

question: What mall was constructed 
answers: text: the shopping mall Hoog Catharijne

question: What happened in the early 21 st century 
answers: text: In the early 21st century the whole area is being redeveloped

question: Who's ideas were used to develop Central Utrecht?

question: What mall was built over part of the old canal system?

question: What followed the completion of the new center city buildings?

question: What opened in the 20th century?
context: The area surrounding Utrecht Centraal railway station and the station itself were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a brutalist style. This led to the construction of the shopping mall Hoog Catharijne (nl), music centre Vredenburg (Hertzberger, 1979), and conversion of part of the ancient canal structure into a highway (Catherijnebaan). Protest against further modernisation of the city centre followed even before the last buildings were finalised. In the early 21st century the whole area is being redeveloped. The music redeveloped music centre opened in 2014 where the original Vredenburg concert and rock and jazz halls are brought together in a single building.

qas: question: What Socio economic problems does Utrecht face 
answers: text: About 38% percent of its population either earns a minimum income or is dependent on social welfare

question: percentage of population that's dutch 
answers: text: About 69% of the population is of Dutch ancestry

question: What boroughs are known for high crime 
answers: text: Kanaleneiland, Overvecht and Hoograven consist primarily of high-rise housing developments, and are known for relatively high poverty and crime rate

question: What percentage of the Netherland's population is of Dutch ancestory?

question: What percentage of the the Netherlands population id immigrants from Western countries?

question: What is 17% of the population dependdent on?

question: What boroughs are known for development and low crime?
context: About 69% of the population is of Dutch ancestry. Approximately 10% of the population consists of immigrants from Western countries, while 21% of the population is of non-Western origin (9% Moroccan, 5% Turkish, 3% Surinamese and Dutch Caribbean and 5% of other countries). Some of the city's boroughs have a relatively high percentage of originally non-Dutch inhabitants – i.e. Kanaleneiland 83% and Overvecht 57%. Like Rotterdam, Amsterdam, The Hague and other large Dutch cities, Utrecht faces some socio-economic problems. About 38% percent of its population either earns a minimum income or is dependent on social welfare (17% of all households). Boroughs such as Kanaleneiland, Overvecht and Hoograven consist primarily of high-rise housing developments, and are known for relatively high poverty and crime rate.

qas: question: What does the dense population make difficult 
answers: text: which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary.

question: Least populates areas of Utrecht 
answers: text: smaller Utrecht agglomeration of continuously built up areas counts some 420,000 inhabitants and includes Nieuwegein, IJsselstein and Maarssen

question: More populated areas include 
answers: text: The larger region, including slightly more remote towns such as Woerden and Amersfoort counts up to 820,000 inhabitants

question: What is the population of the original bishopric?

question: What is the population of near by municipalities?

question: What is the population of the Netherlands?
context: Utrecht is the centre of a densely populated area, which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary. The smaller Utrecht agglomeration of continuously built up areas counts some 420,000 inhabitants and includes Nieuwegein, IJsselstein and Maarssen. It is sometimes argued that the close by municipalities De Bilt, Zeist, Houten, Vianen, Driebergen-Rijsenburg (Utrechtse Heuvelrug), and Bunnik should also be counted towards the Utrecht agglomeration, bringing the total to 640,000 inhabitants. The larger region, including slightly more remote towns such as Woerden and Amersfoort counts up to 820,000 inhabitants.

qas: question: what dominates the cityscape
answers: text: Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin

question: What is being debated in Utrecht
answers: text: An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112 m)

question: What is the name of the stadium 
answers: text: the Nieuw Galgenwaard stadium (2007)

question: What is the tallest building in the Netherlands?

question: what tower is 112 ft tall?

question: What tower was completed int he 20th century?

question: What addition to the Dom Towerwill make increase its height to 120m?
context: Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin. An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112 m). Nevertheless, some tall buildings are now being constructed that will become part of the skyline of Utrecht. The second tallest building of the city, the Rabobank-tower, was completed in 2010 and stands 105 m (344.49 ft) tall. Two antennas will increase that height to 120 m (393.70 ft). Two other buildings were constructed around the Nieuw Galgenwaard stadium (2007). These buildings, the 'Kantoortoren Galghenwert' and 'Apollo Residence', stand 85.5 and 64.5 metres high respectively.

qas: question: What is a landmark in the city 
answers: text: the old centre and the canal structure in the inner city

question: What does the inner city look like 
answers: text: The inner city has largely retained its Medieval structure, and the moat ringing the old town is largely intact

question: What surrounds the mid-evil inner city 
answers: text: Surrounding the medieval core there is a ring of late 19th- and early 20th-century neighbourhoods, with newer neighbourhoods positioned farther out

question: What part of the city remains open 
answers: text: The eastern part of Utrecht remains fairly open

question: What canal parralels the course of the Rhine?

question: What creates multilevel canal?

question: What Medieval structure has largely collapsed?

question: what was moved east in the 1900's?
context: Another landmark is the old centre and the canal structure in the inner city. The Oudegracht is a curved canal, partly following the ancient main branch of the Rhine. It is lined with the unique wharf-basement structures that create a two-level street along the canals. The inner city has largely retained its Medieval structure, and the moat ringing the old town is largely intact. Because of the role of Utrecht as a fortified city, construction outside the medieval centre and its city walls was restricted until the 19th century. Surrounding the medieval core there is a ring of late 19th- and early 20th-century neighbourhoods, with newer neighbourhoods positioned farther out. The eastern part of Utrecht remains fairly open. The Dutch Water Line, moved east of the city in the early 19th century required open lines of fire, thus prohibiting all permanent constructions until the middle of the 20th century on the east side of the city.

qas: question: What is the main railway station 
answers: text: Utrecht Centraal is the main railway station of Utrecht

question: Does the rail station provide 24 hour service
answers: text: Utrecht Centraal is a station on the night service, providing 7 days a week an all night service

question: Are there rail services to Germany 
answers: text: International InterCityExpress (ICE) services to Germany (and further) through Arnhem call at Utrecht Centraal

question: where to regular local trains provide service 
answers: text: local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations

question: What is the main railway station of the Netherlands?

question: When did the Dutch Railway Museum open?

question: What station opened in 1939?
context: Utrecht Centraal is the main railway station of Utrecht. There are regular intercity services to all major Dutch cities; direct services to Schiphol Airport. Utrecht Centraal is a station on the night service, providing 7 days a week an all night service to (among others) Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam and Rotterdam. International InterCityExpress (ICE) services to Germany (and further) through Arnhem call at Utrecht Centraal. Regular local trains to all areas surrounding Utrecht also depart from Utrecht Centraal; and service several smaller stations: Utrecht Lunetten, Utrecht Vaartsche Rijn, Utrecht Overvecht, Utrecht Leidsche Rijn, Utrecht Terwijde, Utrecht Zuilen and Vleuten. A former station Utrecht Maliebaan closed in 1939 and has since been converted into the Dutch Railway Museum.

qas: question: Where is the bus station located 
answers: text: The main local and regional bus station of Utrecht is located adjacent to Utrecht Centraal railway station, at the East and West entrances

question: renovations are causing what changes 
answers: text: large scale renovation and construction works at the railway station, the station's bus stops are changing frequently

question: what is qbuzz
answers: text: Local buses in Utrecht are operated by Qbuzz – its services include a high-frequency service to the Uithof university district

question: What is one of Europes cleanest 
answers: text: The local bus fleet is one of Europe's cleanest, using only buses compliant with the Euro-VI standard as well as electric buses for inner city transport

question: What is located across from Utrecht Central railway station?

question: What has renvation on the bus station caused?

question: Who uses electric buses for all local bus routes?

question: What type of bus does Arriva use for inner city transport?
context: The main local and regional bus station of Utrecht is located adjacent to Utrecht Centraal railway station, at the East and West entrances. Due to large scale renovation and construction works at the railway station, the station's bus stops are changing frequently. As a general rule, westbound buses depart from the bus station on the west entrance, other buses from the east side station. Local buses in Utrecht are operated by Qbuzz – its services include a high-frequency service to the Uithof university district. The local bus fleet is one of Europe's cleanest, using only buses compliant with the Euro-VI standard as well as electric buses for inner city transport. Regional buses from the city are operated by Arriva and Connexxion.

qas: question: What does Utrecht provide for cyclist 
answers: text: Utrecht has an extensive network of cycle paths, making cycling safe and popular. 33% of journeys within the city are by bicycle

question: What is a barrow bikes use 
answers: text: There are also barrow bikes, for carrying shopping or small children

question: utrecht built the worlds largest what ?
answers: text: in 2014 to build the world's largest bicycle parking station, near the Central Railway Station

question: What percentage of journey's Dutch cities are by bicycle?

question: What accounts for 30% of trips in Dutch cities?

question: What will construction begin on in 2018?

question: When did the city council decide to prohibit parking bikes in the city center?
context: Like most Dutch cities, Utrecht has an extensive network of cycle paths, making cycling safe and popular. 33% of journeys within the city are by bicycle, more than any other mode of transport. (Cars, for example, account for 30% of trips). Bicycles are used by young and old people, and by individuals and families. They are mostly traditional, upright, steel-framed bicycles, with few or no gears. There are also barrow bikes, for carrying shopping or small children. As thousands of bicycles are parked haphazardly in town, creating an eyesore but also impeding pedestrians, the City Council decided in 2014 to build the world's largest bicycle parking station, near the Central Railway Station. This 3-floor construction will cost an estimated 48 million Euro and will hold 12,500 bicycles. Completion is foreseen in 2018.

qas: question: Is Utrecht connected to the Dutch road system
answers: text: well-connected to the Dutch road network. Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht:

question: What countries do the A12 and A2 connect
answers: text: A12 and A2 motorways connect Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Maastricht, as well as Belgium and Germany

question: What does traffic elevate 
answers: text: increasing traffic and the ancient city plan, traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in and around Utrecht, causing elevated levels of air pollutants

question: What two roads connect Utrecht to the rest of Europe?

question: What limits the amount of traffic in the city?
context: Utrecht is well-connected to the Dutch road network. Two of the most important major roads serve the city of Utrecht: the A12 and A2 motorways connect Amsterdam, Arnhem, The Hague and Maastricht, as well as Belgium and Germany. Other major motorways in the area are the Almere–Breda A27 and the Utrecht–Groningen A28. Due to the increasing traffic and the ancient city plan, traffic congestion is a common phenomenon in and around Utrecht, causing elevated levels of air pollutants. This has led to a passionate debate in the city about the best way to improve the city's air quality.

qas: question: What does Utrecht's economy  depend on 
answers: text: The economy of Utrecht depends for a large part on the several large institutions located in the city

question: what is centered in Utrecht 
answers: text: It is the centre of the Dutch railroad network and the location of the head office of Nederlandse Spoorwegen

question: What bank is head quartered in Utrecht 
answers: text: Rabobank, a large bank, has its headquarters in Utrecht.

question: For what city is the production industry a large part of the economy?

question: Where is the center of the EU railway located?

question: What is the largest brick building in Europe?

question: What resulted in a UFO on the side of The De Inktpot in the 20th century?
context: Production industry constitutes a small part of the economy of Utrecht. The economy of Utrecht depends for a large part on the several large institutions located in the city. It is the centre of the Dutch railroad network and the location of the head office of Nederlandse Spoorwegen. ProRail is headquartered in The De Inktpot (nl) (The Inkpot) – the largest brick building in the Netherlands (the "UFO" featured on its façade stems from an art program in 2000). Rabobank, a large bank, has its headquarters in Utrecht.

qas: question: What is the name of the large shopping center 
answers: text: Hoog Catharijne

question: how are the shopping center corridors treated 
answers: text: The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night

question: What is being recreated 
answers: text: Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated

question: what is located on the west side of the rail station
answers: text: The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station

question: What shopping center is located in the city center?

question: What streets are open all night?

question: What is planned to be renovated every 20 years?

question: What is one of the largest convention centres in Europe?
context: A large indoor shopping centre Hoog Catharijne (nl) is located between Utrecht Centraal railway station and the city centre. The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night. In 20 years from 2004, parts of Hoog Catharijne will be redeveloped as part of the renovation of the larger station area. Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated. The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station.

qas: question: What is the largest University in the city 
answers: text: The most prominent of these is Utrecht University (est. 1636), the largest university of the Netherlands with 30,449 students

question: what is shanghai jiaotong rated 
answers: text: According to Shanghai Jiaotong University's university ranking in 2014 it is the 57th best university in the world

question: What smaller university is in Utrecht
answers: text: Utrecht also houses the much smaller University of Humanistic Studies, which houses about 400 students.

question: What university was established in the 16th century?

question: What is the largest University in Europe?

question: How many university students were in the Netherlands in 2012?

question: What was Shanghai Jiaotong University ranked in 2014?
context: Utrecht hosts several large institutions of higher education. The most prominent of these is Utrecht University (est. 1636), the largest university of the Netherlands with 30,449 students (as of 2012). The university is partially based in the inner city as well as in the Uithof campus area, to the east of the city. According to Shanghai Jiaotong University's university ranking in 2014 it is the 57th best university in the world. Utrecht also houses the much smaller University of Humanistic Studies, which houses about 400 students.

qas: question: Cultural life in Utrecht is second to 
answers: text: Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam

question: What music festival does Utrecht host 
answers: text: Utrecht is host to the international Early Music Festival (Festival Oude Muziek, for music before 1800) and the Netherlands Film Festival

question: What is the name of the music hall 
answers: text: The city has an important classical music hall Vredenburg

question: Where are music students educated 
answers: text: Young musicians are educated in the conservatory, a department of the Utrecht School of the Arts

question: Ultrecht has the most active what in the Netherlannds?

question: Who built the main city theater in the 19th century?

question: What festival is held for music of the 1800's

question: What music hall has the best acoustics in the world?
context: Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam. There are several theatres and theatre companies. The 1941 main city theatre was built by Dudok. Besides theatres there is a large number of cinemas including three arthouse cinemas. Utrecht is host to the international Early Music Festival (Festival Oude Muziek, for music before 1800) and the Netherlands Film Festival. The city has an important classical music hall Vredenburg (1979 by Herman Hertzberger). Its acoustics are considered among the best of the 20th-century original music halls.[citation needed] The original Vredenburg music hall has been redeveloped as part of the larger station area redevelopment plan and in 2014 has gained additional halls that allowed its merger with the rock club Tivoli and the SJU jazzpodium. There are several other venues for music throughout the city. Young musicians are educated in the conservatory, a department of the Utrecht School of the Arts. There is a specialised museum of automatically playing musical instruments.

qas: question: Where are young artist trained 
answers: text: Training of artists is done at the Utrecht School of the Arts

question: Is street art legal 
answers: text: Although street art is illegal in Utrecht

question: What is considered landmark Architecture 
answers: text: 1924 Rietveld Schröder House, which is listed on UNESCO's world heritage sites

question: What form of art became legal in 2004?

question: What house was built in the 19th century?

question: What illistrator is famouse for creating a gnome with a red hat?
context: There are many art galleries in Utrecht. There are also several foundations to support art and artists. Training of artists is done at the Utrecht School of the Arts. The Centraal Museum has many exhibitions on the arts, including a permanent exhibition on the works of Utrecht resident illustrator Dick Bruna, who is best known for creating Miffy ("Nijntje", in Dutch). Although street art is illegal in Utrecht, the Utrechtse Kabouter, a picture of a gnome with a red hat, became a common sight in 2004. Utrecht also houses one of the landmarks of modern architecture, the 1924 Rietveld Schröder House, which is listed on UNESCO's world heritage sites.

qas: question: What does the city host on Sundays 
answers: text: To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays

question: What happens on Cultural Sunday 
answers: text: thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee

question: What does the city subsidise
answers: text: an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten

question: What type of coupon does the city provide the poor 
answers: text: The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.

question: What does the city host for visitors.

question: What does the city subsidize for tourists?

question: What does the city coucil provide to students?

question: what education does the national government subsidize?
context: To promote culture Utrecht city organizes cultural Sundays. During a thematic Sunday several organisations create a program, which is open to everyone without, or with a very much reduced, admission fee. There are also initiatives for amateur artists. The city subsidises an organisation for amateur education in arts aimed at all inhabitants (Utrechts Centrum voor de Kunsten), as does the university for its staff and students. Additionally there are also several private initiatives. The city council provides coupons for discounts to inhabitants who receive welfare to be used with many of the initiatives.

qas: question: What football team is Utrecht home to
answers: text: Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht

question: What Utrecht waterways host to 
answers: text: Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs

question: What is kampong 
answers: text: Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members)

question: What sports does Kampong support 
answers: text: Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules.

question: What is the largest amature sportsclub in Europe?

question: What sports are offered at Europes largest sportsclub?

question: What student clubs are open to the general public?

question: What stadium does the varsity football team play at?
context: Utrecht is home to the premier league (professional) football club FC Utrecht, which plays in Stadium Nieuw Galgenwaard. It is also the home of Kampong, the largest (amateur) sportsclub in the Netherlands (4,500 members), SV Kampong. Kampong features fieldhockey, soccer, cricket, tennis, squash and jeu de boules. Kampong's men and women top hockey squads play in the highest Dutch hockey league, the Rabohoofdklasse.Utrecht is also home to the baseball and Sofball club: UVV which plays in the highest Dutch baseball league: de Hoofdklasse. Utrecht's waterways are used by several rowing clubs. Viking is a large club open to the general public, and the student clubs Orca and Triton compete in the Varsity each year.