Oklahoma

qas: question: What is the Cherokee name for Oklahoma?
answers: text: Asgaya gigageyi

question: What is the Pawnee name for Oklahoma?
answers: text: Uukuhuúwa

question: What is the Cayuga name for Oklahoma?
answers: text: Gahnawiyoˀgeh

question: Where does Oklahoma rank by population?
answers: text: 28th

question: What is Oklahoma's nickname?
answers: text: The Sooner State
context: Oklahoma i/ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə/ (Cherokee: Asgaya gigageyi / ᎠᏍᎦᏯ ᎩᎦᎨᏱ; or translated ᎣᎦᎳᎰᎹ (òɡàlàhoma), Pawnee: Uukuhuúwa, Cayuga: Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state located in the South Central United States. Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States. The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people". It is also known informally by its nickname, The Sooner State, in reference to the non-Native settlers who staked their claims on the choicest pieces of land before the official opening date, and the Indian Appropriations Act of 1889, which opened the door for white settlement in America's Indian Territory. The name was settled upon statehood, Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory were merged and Indian was dropped from the name. On November 16, 1907, Oklahoma became the 46th state to enter the union. Its residents are known as Oklahomans, or informally "Okies", and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City.

qas: question: What language does the name Oklahoma come from?
answers: text: Choctaw

question: What does Oklahoma mean?
answers: text: red people

question: When was the name Oklahoma suggested?
answers: text: 1866

question: Who suggested the name Oklahoma?
answers: text: Choctaw Chief Allen Wright

question: When was the name Oklahoma made official?
answers: text: 1890
context: The name Oklahoma comes from the Choctaw phrase okla humma, literally meaning red people. Choctaw Chief Allen Wright suggested the name in 1866 during treaty negotiations with the federal government regarding the use of Indian Territory, in which he envisioned an all-Indian state controlled by the United States Superintendent of Indian Affairs. Equivalent to the English word Indian, okla humma was a phrase in the Choctaw language used to describe Native American people as a whole. Oklahoma later became the de facto name for Oklahoma Territory, and it was officially approved in 1890, two years after the area was opened to white settlers.

qas: question: Where does Oklahoma rank by land area?
answers: text: 20th

question: How many square miles is Oklahoma?
answers: text: 69,898

question: How many square miles of water is in Oklahoma?
answers: text: 1,281

question: How many states are on the Frontier Strip?
answers: text: six

question: Which state is north of Oklahoma?
answers: text: Kansas
context: Oklahoma is the 20th largest state in the United States, covering an area of 69,898 square miles (181,035 km2), with 68,667 square miles (177847 km2) of land and 1,281 square miles (3,188 km2) of water. It is one of six states on the Frontier Strip and lies partly in the Great Plains near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states. It is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri, on the north by Kansas, on the northwest by Colorado, on the far west by New Mexico, and on the south and near-west by Texas.

qas: question: How far out of alignment is Oklahoma's western edge from Texas's border?
answers: text: 2.1 to 2.2 miles

question: When was the border between TX and NM first determined?
answers: text: 1819

question: When was Oklahoma's border determined?
answers: text: 1890s

question: Where is the NM border of both Oklahoma and Texas supposed to line up with?
answers: text: the 103rd Meridian

question: Which one is more accurately placed, the TX/NM border or the OK/NM border?
answers: text: Oklahoma/New Mexico border
context: The western edge of the Oklahoma panhandle is out of alignment with its Texas border. The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line. The border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819. It was then set along the 103rd Meridian. In the 1890s, when Oklahoma was formally surveyed using more accurate surveying equipment and techniques, it was discovered that the Texas line was not set along the 103rd Meridian. Surveying techniques were not as accurate in 1819, and the actual 103rd Meridian was approximately 2.2 miles to the east. It was much easier to leave the mistake as it was than for Texas to cede land to New Mexico to correct the original surveying error. The placement of the Oklahoma/New Mexico border represents the true 103rd Meridian.

qas: question: What plateau is Oklahoma near?
answers: text: Ozark Plateau

question: What watershed is Oklahoma in?
answers: text: Gulf of Mexico

question: What is Oklahoma's tallest mountain?
answers: text: Black Mesa

question: How many feet above sea level is Oklahoma's highest point?
answers: text: 4,973

question: How many feet above sea level is Oklahoma's lowest point?
answers: text: 289
context: Oklahoma is between the Great Plains and the Ozark Plateau in the Gulf of Mexico watershed, generally sloping from the high plains of its western boundary to the low wetlands of its southeastern boundary. Its highest and lowest points follow this trend, with its highest peak, Black Mesa, at 4,973 feet (1,516 m) above sea level, situated near its far northwest corner in the Oklahoma Panhandle. The state's lowest point is on the Little River near its far southeastern boundary near the town of Idabel, OK, which dips to 289 feet (88 m) above sea level.

qas: question: How many major mountain ranges are in Oklahoma?
answers: text: four

question: Which of Oklahoma's mountain ranges are in the US Interior Highlands?
answers: text: the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains

question: What part of Oklahoma does the Flint Hills reach into?
answers: text: north-central

question: What is the world's tallest hill?
answers: text: Cavanal Hill

question: How high is Cavanal Hill?
answers: text: 1,999 feet
context: Oklahoma has four primary mountain ranges: the Ouachita Mountains, the Arbuckle Mountains, the Wichita Mountains, and the Ozark Mountains. Contained within the U.S. Interior Highlands region, the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains mark the only major mountainous region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians. A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma, and near the state's eastern border, Cavanal Hill is regarded by the Oklahoma Tourism & Recreation Department as the world's tallest hill; at 1,999 feet (609 m), it fails their definition of a mountain by one foot.

qas: question: What is an example of a mesa range?
answers: text: Glass Mountains

question: What part of Oklahoma is the Antelope Hills in?
answers: text: southwestern

question: What part of Oklahoma has oak savannahs?
answers: text: central

question: What mountains are in Oklahoma's eastern third?
answers: text: The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains

question: In which direction do the Ozark mountains get higher?
answers: text: eastward
context: The semi-arid high plains in the state's northwestern corner harbor few natural forests; the region has a rolling to flat landscape with intermittent canyons and mesa ranges like the Glass Mountains. Partial plains interrupted by small, sky island mountain ranges like the Antelope Hills and the Wichita Mountains dot southwestern Oklahoma; transitional prairie and oak savannahs cover the central portion of the state. The Ozark and Ouachita Mountains rise from west to east over the state's eastern third, gradually increasing in elevation in an eastward direction.

qas: question: How much of Oklahoma is covered in forests?
answers: text: 24 percent

question: What types of prairie grasslands does Oklahoma have?
answers: text: shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie

question: What part of Oklahoma has low rainfall?
answers: text: western

question: What types of trees grow near rivers in western Oklahoma?
answers: text: pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines

question: What rare types of maples grow in southwest Oklahoma?
answers: text: sugar maple, bigtooth maple
context: Forests cover 24 percent of Oklahoma and prairie grasslands composed of shortgrass, mixed-grass, and tallgrass prairie, harbor expansive ecosystems in the state's central and western portions, although cropland has largely replaced native grasses. Where rainfall is sparse in the western regions of the state, shortgrass prairie and shrublands are the most prominent ecosystems, though pinyon pines, red cedar (junipers), and ponderosa pines grow near rivers and creek beds in the far western reaches of the panhandle. Southwestern Oklahoma contains many rare, disjunct species including sugar maple, bigtooth maple, nolina and southern live oak.

qas: question: What types of birds does Oklahoma have a lot of?
answers: text: quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants

question: What types of deer does Oklahoma have a lot of?
answers: text: white-tailed deer, mule deer

question: What does Oklahoma have the country's largest towns of?
answers: text: prairie dog

question: What part of Oklahoma is Cross Timbers in?
answers: text: Central

question: What part of Oklahoma does the American alligator live in?
answers: text: southeastern
context: The state holds populations of white-tailed deer, mule deer, antelope, coyotes, mountain lions, bobcats, elk, and birds such as quail, doves, cardinals, bald eagles, red-tailed hawks, and pheasants. In prairie ecosystems, American bison, greater prairie chickens, badgers, and armadillo are common, and some of the nation's largest prairie dog towns inhabit shortgrass prairie in the state's panhandle. The Cross Timbers, a region transitioning from prairie to woodlands in Central Oklahoma, harbors 351 vertebrate species. The Ouachita Mountains are home to black bear, red fox, grey fox, and river otter populations, which coexist with a total of 328 vertebrate species in southeastern Oklahoma. Also, in southeastern Oklahoma lives the American alligator.

qas: question: How large is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?
answers: text: 39,000 acres

question: What part of Oklahoma is the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in?
answers: text: north-central

question: The Tallgrass Prairie Preserve is the largest protected tallgrass prairie in what area?
answers: text: the world

question: How many states were originally covered by the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve?
answers: text: 14

question: How many national wildlife refuges are in Oklahoma?
answers: text: nine
context: With 39,000 acres (158 km2), the Tallgrass Prairie Preserve in north-central Oklahoma is the largest protected area of tallgrass prairie in the world and is part of an ecosystem that encompasses only 10 percent of its former land area, once covering 14 states. In addition, the Black Kettle National Grassland covers 31,300 acres (127 km2) of prairie in southwestern Oklahoma. The Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge is the oldest and largest of nine national wildlife refuges in the state and was founded in 1901, encompassing 59,020 acres (238.8 km2).

qas: question: What is Oklahoma's main climate region?
answers: text: humid subtropical

question: What natural-disaster-based nickname does Oklahoma's region have?
answers: text: Tornado Alley

question: How many tornadoes hit Oklahoma each year?
answers: text: average 62

question: What types of severe weather does Oklahoma get?
answers: text: severe thunderstorms, damaging thunderstorm winds, large hail and tornadoes

question: Where does Oklahoma receive hot dry air from?
answers: text: Mexico
context: Oklahoma is located in a humid subtropical region. Oklahoma lies in a transition zone between humid continental climate to the north, semi-arid climate to the west, and humid subtropical climate in the central, south and eastern portions of the state. Most of the state lies in an area known as Tornado Alley characterized by frequent interaction between cold, dry air from Canada, warm to hot, dry air from Mexico and the Southwestern U.S., and warm, moist air from the Gulf of Mexico. The interactions between these three contrasting air currents produces severe weather (severe thunderstorms, damaging thunderstorm winds, large hail and tornadoes) with a frequency virtually unseen anywhere else on planet Earth. An average 62 tornadoes strike the state per year—one of the highest rates in the world.

qas: question: What is Oklahoma's record high temperature for Nov 11?
answers: text: 83 °F

question: What is Oklahoma's record low temperature for Nov 11?
answers: text: 17 °F

question: What caused Oklahoma's temperature to plummet 66 degrees on Nov 11, 1911?
answers: text: an Arctic cold front

question: How fast did the 1912 tornado outbreak make tornadoes?
answers: text: one tornado per hour

question: How long did the 1912 tornado outbreak last?
answers: text: a day
context: Because of Oklahoma's position between zones of differing prevailing temperature and winds, weather patterns within the state can vary widely over relatively short distances and can change drastically in a short time. As an example, on November 11, 1911, the temperature at Oklahoma City reached 83 °F (28 °C) in the afternoon (the record high for that date), then an Arctic cold front of unprecedented intensity slammed across the state, causing the temperature to crash 66 degrees, down to 17 °F (−8 °C) at midnight (the record low for that date); thus, both the record high and record low for November 11 were set on the same date. This type of phenomenon is also responsible for many of the tornadoes in the area, such as the 1912 Oklahoma tornado outbreak, when a warm front traveled along a stalled cold front, resulting in an average of about one tornado per hour over the course of a day.

qas: question: What parts of Oklahoma are in a humid subtropical climate?
answers: text: central, southern and eastern

question: Where do Oklahoma's winds bring moisture from?
answers: text: Gulf of Mexico

question: What is Oklahoma's western climate type?
answers: text: semi-arid

question: Where in Oklahoma does the semi-arid zone begin?
answers: text: Lawton

question: What is the average annual temperature in southeast Oklahoma?
answers: text: 62 °F
context: The humid subtropical climate (Koppen Cfa) of central, southern and eastern Oklahoma is influenced heavily by southerly winds bringing moisture from the Gulf of Mexico. Traveling westward, the climate transitions progressively toward a semi-arid zone (Koppen BSk) in the high plains of the Panhandle and other western areas from about Lawton westward, less frequently touched by southern moisture. Precipitation and temperatures decline from east to west accordingly, with areas in the southeast averaging an annual temperature of 62 °F (17 °C) and an annual rainfall of generally over 40 inches (1,020 mm) and up to 56 inches (1,420 mm), while areas of the (higher-elevation) panhandle average 58 °F (14 °C), with an annual rainfall under 17 inches (430 mm).

qas: question: Which season is the most dry in Oklahoma?
answers: text: winter

question: When does Oklahoma get the most rain?
answers: text: May

question: When is the second-driest season in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Mid-summer

question: What years were Oklahoma's hottest summers?
answers: text: 1934, 1954, 1980 and 2011

question: How hot were Oklahoma's hottest summers?
answers: text: well over 100 °F
context: Over almost all of Oklahoma, winter is the driest season. Average monthly precipitation increases dramatically in the spring to a peak in May, the wettest month over most of the state, with its frequent and not uncommonly severe thunderstorm activity. Early June can still be wet, but most years see a marked decrease in rainfall during June and early July. Mid-summer (July and August) represents a secondary dry season over much of Oklahoma, with long stretches of hot weather with only sporadic thunderstorm activity not uncommon many years. Severe drought is common in the hottest summers, such as those of 1934, 1954, 1980 and 2011, all of which featured weeks on end of virtual rainlessness and high temperatures well over 100 °F (38 °C). Average precipitation rises again from September to mid-October, representing a secondary wetter season, then declines from late October through December.

qas: question: What parts of Oklahoma rarely see below-zero temperatures?
answers: text: south-central and southeastern

question: What is the average snowfall in southern Oklahoma?
answers: text: less than 4 inches

question: What is the average snowfall in Oklahoma near the Colorado border?
answers: text: over 20 inches

question: Where is the Storm Prediction Center located?
answers: text: Norman

question: What was Oklahoma's record high temperature?
answers: text: 120 °F
context: All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C), though below-zero temperatures are rare in south-central and southeastern Oklahoma. Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the panhandle. The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center, the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the Warning Decision Training Branch, all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman. Oklahoma's highest recorded temperature of 120 °F (49 °C) was recorded at Tipton on June 27, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded at Nowata on February 10, 2011.

qas: question: Ancestors of which tribes lived in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Wichita and Caddo

question: What was Spiro, Oklahoma named for?
answers: text: Spiro Mounds

question: When did Spiro Mounds flourish?
answers: text: between AD 850 and 1450

question: What Spanish explorer visited Oklahoma in 1541?
answers: text: Francisco Vásquez de Coronado

question: When did France sell Oklahoma's land to the US?
answers: text: 1803
context: Evidence exists that native peoples traveled through Oklahoma as early as the last ice age. Ancestors of the Wichita and Caddo lived in what is now Oklahoma. The Panhandle culture peoples were precontact residents of the panhandle region. The westernmost center of the Mississippian culture was Spiro Mounds, in what is now Spiro, Oklahoma, which flourished between AD 850 and 1450. Spaniard Francisco Vásquez de Coronado traveled through the state in 1541, but French explorers claimed the area in the 1700s and it remained under French rule until 1803, when all the French territory west of the Mississippi River was purchased by the United States in the Louisiana Purchase.

qas: question: What was the "Oil Capital of the World"?
answers: text: Tulsa

question: What type of investments were important in early Oklahoma?
answers: text: oil

question: Who was the "Father of Route 66"?
answers: text: Cyrus Avery

question: When did Route 66 begin?
answers: text: 1927

question: Where was the Highway 66 Association based?
answers: text: Tulsa
context: The new state became a focal point for the emerging oil industry, as discoveries of oil pools prompted towns to grow rapidly in population and wealth. Tulsa eventually became known as the "Oil Capital of the World" for most of the 20th century and oil investments fueled much of the state's early economy. In 1927, Oklahoman businessman Cyrus Avery, known as the "Father of Route 66", began the campaign to create U.S. Route 66. Using a stretch of highway from Amarillo, Texas to Tulsa, Oklahoma to form the original portion of Highway 66, Avery spearheaded the creation of the U.S. Highway 66 Association to oversee the planning of Route 66, based in his hometown of Tulsa.

qas: question: When did the Dust Bowl begin?
answers: text: 1930s

question: What mistake led to the Dust Bowl?
answers: text: poor farming practices

question: What states were affected by the Dust Bowl?
answers: text: Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma

question: How many farmers had to relocate because of the Dust Bowl?
answers: text: thousands

question: How much did Oklahoma's population decline from 1930 to 1950?
answers: text: 6.9 percent
context: During the 1930s, parts of the state began suffering the consequences of poor farming practices, extended drought and high winds. Known as the Dust Bowl, areas of Kansas, Texas, New Mexico and northwestern Oklahoma were hampered by long periods of little rainfall and abnormally high temperatures, sending thousands of farmers into poverty and forcing them to relocate to more fertile areas of the western United States. Over a twenty-year period ending in 1950, the state saw its only historical decline in population, dropping 6.9 percent as impoverished families migrated out of the state after the Dust Bowl.

qas: question: When was the Oklahoma City Bombing?
answers: text: April 19, 1995

question: Who committed the Oklahoma City Bombing?
answers: text: Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols

question: How many people died in the Oklahoma City Bombing?
answers: text: 168

question: How many children died in the Oklahoma City Bombing?
answers: text: 19

question: When was McVeigh executed?
answers: text: June 11, 2001
context: In 1995, Oklahoma City was the site of one of the most destructive acts of domestic terrorism in American history. The Oklahoma City bombing of April 19, 1995, in which Timothy McVeigh and Terry Nichols detonated an explosive outside of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, killed 168 people, including 19 children. The two men were convicted of the bombing: McVeigh was sentenced to death and executed by the federal government on June 11, 2001; his partner Nichols is serving a sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole. McVeigh's army buddy, Michael Fortier, was sentenced to 12 years in federal prison and ordered to pay a $75,000 fine for his role in the bombing plot (i.e. assisting in the sale of guns to raise funds for the bombing, and examining the Murrah Federal building as a possible target before the terrorist attack). His wife, Lori Fortier, who has since died, was granted immunity from prosecution in return for her testimony in the case.

qas: question: When did Oklahoma declare an official language?
answers: text: 2010

question: How many Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?
answers: text: 2,977,187

question: What percent of Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?
answers: text: 92.6%

question: What is the second-most-prevalent language in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Spanish

question: What is the third-most-prevalent language in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Cherokee
context: The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010. The variety of North American English spoken is called Oklahoma English, and this dialect is quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland, South Midland, and Southern dialects. In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the resident population five years or older—spoke only English at home, a decrease from 95% in 1990. 238,732 Oklahoma residents reported speaking a language other than English in the 2000 census, about 7.4% of the total population of the state. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language in the state, with 141,060 speakers counted in 2000. The next most commonly spoken language is Cherokee, with about 22,000 speakers living within the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area of eastern Oklahoma. Cherokee is an official language in the Cherokee Nation tribal jurisdiction area and in the United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians.

qas: question: What is Oklahoma's fourth most popular language?
answers: text: German

question: How many Oklahomans speak German?
answers: text: 13,444

question: What is Oklahoma's fifth most popular language?
answers: text: Vietnamese

question: How many Oklahomans speak Vietnamese?
answers: text: 11,330

question: How many Native American languages are used in Oklahoma?
answers: text: more than 25
context: German is the fourth most commonly used language, with 13,444 speakers representing about 0.4% of the total state population. Fifth is Vietnamese, spoken by 11,330 people, or about 0.4% of the population, many of whom live in the Asia District of Oklahoma City. Other languages include French with 8,258 speakers (0.3%), Chinese with 6,413 (0.2%), Korean with 3,948 (0.1%), Arabic with 3,265 (0.1%), other Asian languages with 3,134 (0.1%), Tagalog with 2,888 (0.1%), Japanese with 2,546 (0.1%), and African languages with 2,546 (0.1%). In addition to Cherokee, more than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma, second only to California (though, it should be noted that only Cherokee exhibits language vitality at present).

qas: question: What is the conservative Evangelical Christian region called?
answers: text: the "Bible Belt"

question: What parts of the US are covered by the 'Bible Belt'?
answers: text: southern and eastern

question: What political party has the most members in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Democratic

question: What is Oklahoma's 2nd-largest city?
answers: text: Tulsa

question: How much of Oklahoma's population is Christian?
answers: text: 80 percent
context: Oklahoma is part of a geographical region characterized by conservative and Evangelical Christianity known as the "Bible Belt". Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views, even though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the Democratic Party than with any other party. Tulsa, the state's second largest city, home to Oral Roberts University, is sometimes called the "buckle of the Bible Belt". According to the Pew Research Center, the majority of Oklahoma's religious adherents – 85 percent – are Christian, accounting for about 80 percent of the population. The percentage of Oklahomans affiliated with Catholicism is half of the national average, while the percentage affiliated with Evangelical Protestantism is more than twice the national average – tied with Arkansas for the largest percentage of any state.

qas: question: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for producing natural gas?
answers: text: third

question: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for agriculture?
answers: text: 27th

question: How does Oklahoma rank among US states for producing wheat?
answers: text: 5th

question: How many Fortune 500 companies are based in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Four

question: How many Fortune 1000 companies are based in Oklahoma?
answers: text: six
context: Oklahoma is host to a diverse range of sectors including aviation, energy, transportation equipment, food processing, electronics, and telecommunications. Oklahoma is an important producer of natural gas, aircraft, and food. The state ranks third in the nation for production of natural gas, is the 27th-most agriculturally productive state, and also ranks 5th in production of wheat. Four Fortune 500 companies and six Fortune 1000 companies are headquartered in Oklahoma, and it has been rated one of the most business-friendly states in the nation, with the 7th-lowest tax burden in 2007.

qas: question: What is Oklahoma's rank among states producing crude oil?
answers: text: fifth

question: What is Oklahoma's rank among states by active drilling rigs?
answers: text: second

question: How does Oklahoma's crude oil reserves rank among states?
answers: text: fifth

question: How much of Oklahoma's electricity comes from non-renewable sources?
answers: text: 94 percent

question: How much of Oklahoma's electricity comes from coal?
answers: text: 25 percent
context: Oklahoma is the nation's third-largest producer of natural gas, fifth-largest producer of crude oil, and has the second-greatest number of active drilling rigs, and ranks fifth in crude oil reserves. While the state ranked eighth for installed wind energy capacity in 2011, it is at the bottom of states in usage of renewable energy, with 94 percent of its electricity being generated by non-renewable sources in 2009, including 25 percent from coal and 46 percent from natural gas. Oklahoma has no nuclear power. Ranking 13th for total energy consumption per capita in 2009, Oklahoma's energy costs were 8th lowest in the nation.

qas: question: Which largest private oil companies are based in Oklahoma City?
answers: text: Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation

question: What industry are all of the Oklahoma-based Fortune 500 companies in?
answers: text: energy

question: What is the largest company in Oklahoma?
answers: text: ONEOK

question: What is the 2nd-largest company in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Williams Companies

question: Where is ONEOK based?
answers: text: Tulsa
context: According to Forbes magazine, Oklahoma City-based Devon Energy Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, and SandRidge Energy Corporation are the largest private oil-related companies in the nation, and all of Oklahoma's Fortune 500 companies are energy-related. Tulsa's ONEOK and Williams Companies are the state's largest and second-largest companies respectively, also ranking as the nation's second and third-largest companies in the field of energy, according to Fortune magazine. The magazine also placed Devon Energy as the second-largest company in the mining and crude oil-producing industry in the nation, while Chesapeake Energy ranks seventh respectively in that sector and Oklahoma Gas & Electric ranks as the 25th-largest gas and electric utility company.

qas: question: How many famous Native American ballerinas came from Oklahoma?
answers: text: five

question: What are Oklahoma's Native American ballerinas called?
answers: text: the Five Moons

question: What ballerina started the Oklahoma City Ballet?
answers: text: Yvonne Chouteau

question: When did the University of Oklahoma's dance program begin?
answers: text: 1962

question: Which sisters were in the Five Moons?
answers: text: Marjorie and Maria Tallchief
context: The state has a rich history in ballet with five Native American ballerinas attaining worldwide fame. These were Yvonne Chouteau, sisters Marjorie and Maria Tallchief, Rosella Hightower and Moscelyne Larkin, known collectively as the Five Moons. The New York Times rates the Tulsa Ballet as one of the top ballet companies in the United States. The Oklahoma City Ballet and University of Oklahoma's dance program were formed by ballerina Yvonne Chouteau and husband Miguel Terekhov. The University program was founded in 1962 and was the first fully accredited program of its kind in the United States.

qas: question: Where is 'Discoveryland!'?
answers: text: Sand Springs

question: Who starred in the Broadway production of 'Oklahoma!'?
answers: text: Ridge Bond

question: Where is Ridge Bond from?
answers: text: McAlester, Oklahoma

question: Who did Ridge Bond play?
answers: text: Curly McClain

question: How many performances of Oklahoma! was Ridge Bond in?
answers: text: more than 2,600
context: In Sand Springs, an outdoor amphitheater called "Discoveryland!" is the official performance headquarters for the musical Oklahoma! Ridge Bond, native of McAlester, Oklahoma, starred in the Broadway and International touring productions of Oklahoma!, playing the role of "Curly McClain" in more than 2,600 performances. In 1953 he was featured along with the Oklahoma! cast on a CBS Omnibus television broadcast. Bond was instrumental in the title song becoming the Oklahoma state song and is also featured on the U.S. postage stamp commemorating the musical's 50th anniversary. Historically, the state has produced musical styles such as The Tulsa Sound and western swing, which was popularized at Cain's Ballroom in Tulsa. The building, known as the "Carnegie Hall of Western Swing", served as the performance headquarters of Bob Wills and the Texas Playboys during the 1930s. Stillwater is known as the epicenter of Red Dirt music, the best-known proponent of which is the late Bob Childers.

qas: question: What major theater groups are in Oklahoma City?
answers: text: Oklahoma City Theatre Company, Carpenter Square Theatre, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park, and CityRep

question: What is the oldest community theater group west of the Mississippi River?
answers: text: Theatre Tulsa

question: Where is the American Theatre Company based?
answers: text: Tulsa

question: What is the oldest resident professional theater company in Oklahoma?
answers: text: American Theatre Company

question: Where is Heller Theatre?
answers: text: Tulsa
context: Prominent theatre companies in Oklahoma include, in the capital city, Oklahoma City Theatre Company, Carpenter Square Theatre, Oklahoma Shakespeare in the Park, and CityRep. CityRep is a professional company affording equity points to those performers and technical theatre professionals. In Tulsa, Oklahoma's oldest resident professional company is American Theatre Company, and Theatre Tulsa is the oldest community theatre company west of the Mississippi. Other companies in Tulsa include Heller Theatre and Tulsa Spotlight Theater. The cities of Norman, Lawton, and Stillwater, among others, also host well-reviewed community theatre companies.

qas: question: How many museums are in Oklahoma?
answers: text: more than 300

question: How does Oklahoma's per-capita arts spending rank?
answers: text: 17th

question: Where is the Philbrook Museum?
answers: text: Tulsa

question: What kind of museum is the Philbrook?
answers: text: fine art

question: Where are Thomas Gilcrease's collections housed?
answers: text: Gilcrease Museum of Tulsa
context: Oklahoma is in the nation's middle percentile in per capita spending on the arts, ranking 17th, and contains more than 300 museums. The Philbrook Museum of Tulsa is considered one of the top 50 fine art museums in the United States, and the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History in Norman, one of the largest university-based art and history museums in the country, documents the natural history of the region. The collections of Thomas Gilcrease are housed in the Gilcrease Museum of Tulsa, which also holds the world's largest, most comprehensive collection of art and artifacts of the American West.

qas: question: Where does Oklahoma have a fine Egyptian art collection?
answers: text: Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee

question: Where is the largest collection of Dale Chinuly's work?
answers: text: Oklahoma City Museum of Art

question: What kind of art did Dale Chinuly make?
answers: text: glass sculptures

question: Where is the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum?
answers: text: Oklahoma City

question: Where is the largest Jewish art collection in the southwest?
answers: text: Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa
context: The Egyptian art collection at the Mabee-Gerrer Museum of Art in Shawnee is considered to be the finest Egyptian collection between Chicago and Los Angeles. The Oklahoma City Museum of Art contains the most comprehensive collection of glass sculptures by artist Dale Chihuly in the world, and Oklahoma City's National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum documents the heritage of the American Western frontier. With remnants of the Holocaust and artifacts relevant to Judaism, the Sherwin Miller Museum of Jewish Art of Tulsa preserves the largest collection of Jewish art in the Southwest United States.

qas: question: When was Oklahoma's centennial year?
answers: text: 2007

question: When was the exact hundredth anniversary of Oklahoma's statehood?
answers: text: November 16, 2007

question: What organization said Oklahoma's centennial was the top event in the US that year?
answers: text: American Bus Association

question: What do ethnic festivals depict?
answers: text: cultural heritage or traditions
context: Oklahoma's centennial celebration was named the top event in the United States for 2007 by the American Bus Association, and consisted of multiple celebrations saving with the 100th anniversary of statehood on November 16, 2007. Annual ethnic festivals and events take place throughout the state such as Native American powwows and ceremonial events, and include festivals (as examples) in Scottish, Irish, German, Italian, Vietnamese, Chinese, Czech, Jewish, Arab, Mexican and African-American communities depicting cultural heritage or traditions.

qas: question: How long is the State Fair of Oklahoma?
answers: text: 10-day

question: Where is the State Fair of Oklahoma?
answers: text: Oklahoma City

question: How many people attend the State Fair of Oklahoma each year?
answers: text: roughly one million

question: How long is the Tulsa State Fair?
answers: text: 10-day

question: How many people attend the Tulsa State Fair each year?
answers: text: over one million
context: During a 10-day run in Oklahoma City, the State Fair of Oklahoma attracts roughly one million people along with the annual Festival of the Arts. Large national pow-wows, various Latin and Asian heritage festivals, and cultural festivals such as the Juneteenth celebrations are held in Oklahoma City each year. The Tulsa State Fair attracts over one million people during its 10-day run, and the city's Mayfest festival entertained more than 375,000 people in four days during 2007. In 2006, Tulsa's Oktoberfest was named one of the top 10 in the world by USA Today and one of the top German food festivals in the nation by Bon Appetit magazine.

qas: question: When did the Medieval Fair of Norman begin?
answers: text: 1976

question: Where was Oklahoma's first medieval fair?
answers: text: Norman

question: Where was the Medieval Fair of Norman held for its first 2 years?
answers: text: the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus

question: Where was the Medieval Fair of Norman held from 1978 to 2002?
answers: text: Duck Pond in Norman

question: Where has the Medieval Fair of Norman been held since 2003?
answers: text: Reaves Park
context: Norman plays host to the Norman Music Festival, a festival that highlights native Oklahoma bands and musicians. Norman is also host to the Medieval Fair of Norman, which has been held annually since 1976 and was Oklahoma's first medieval fair. The Fair was held first on the south oval of the University of Oklahoma campus and in the third year moved to the Duck Pond in Norman until the Fair became too big and moved to Reaves Park in 2003. The Medieval Fair of Norman is Oklahoma's "largest weekend event and the third largest event in Oklahoma, and was selected by Events Media Network as one of the top 100 events in the nation".

qas: question: How many students were in Oklahoma's public schools in 2008?
answers: text: 638,817

question: How many school districts are in Oklahoma?
answers: text: 533

question: How many Native American students are in Oklahoma's public schools?
answers: text: 126,078

question: What does Oklahoma spend per student in public schools as of 2008?
answers: text: $7,755

question: How many public schools does Oklahoma have?
answers: text: 1,845
context: With an educational system made up of public school districts and independent private institutions, Oklahoma had 638,817 students enrolled in 1,845 public primary, secondary, and vocational schools in 533 school districts as of 2008[update]. Oklahoma has the highest enrollment of Native American students in the nation with 126,078 students in the 2009-10 school year. Ranked near the bottom of states in expenditures per student, Oklahoma spent $7,755 for each student in 2008, 47th in the nation, though its growth of total education expenditures between 1992 and 2002 ranked 22nd.

qas: question: Who said Oklahoma's pre-K program is the best in the US?
answers: text: National Institute for Early Education Research

question: When was Oklahoma's pre-K called 'a model for early childhood schooling'?
answers: text: 2004

question: What was Oklahoma's high school dropout rate in 2007?
answers: text: 3.1

question: What was Oklahoma's high school dropout rate in 2008?
answers: text: 2.5 percent

question: What percent of Oklahomans have graduated high school?
answers: text: 85.2 percent
context: The state is among the best in pre-kindergarten education, and the National Institute for Early Education Research rated it first in the United States with regard to standards, quality, and access to pre-kindergarten education in 2004, calling it a model for early childhood schooling. High school dropout rate decreased from 3.1 to 2.5 percent between 2007 and 2008 with Oklahoma ranked among 18 other states with 3 percent or less dropout rate. In 2004, the state ranked 36th in the nation for the relative number of adults with high school diplomas, though at 85.2 percent, it had the highest rate among southern states.

qas: question: How many public universities does Oklahoma have?
answers: text: eleven

question: What is the second-oldest university west of the MS River?
answers: text: Northeastern State University

question: Within what university is Oklahoma's only optometry college?
answers: text: Northeastern State University

question: What university has the largest Native American enrollment in the US?
answers: text: Northeastern State University

question: What is Oklahoma's only HBCU?
answers: text: Langston University
context: Oklahoma holds eleven public regional universities, including Northeastern State University, the second-oldest institution of higher education west of the Mississippi River, also containing the only College of Optometry in Oklahoma and the largest enrollment of Native American students in the nation by percentage and amount. Langston University is Oklahoma's only historically black college. Six of the state's universities were placed in the Princeton Review's list of best 122 regional colleges in 2007, and three made the list of top colleges for best value. The state has 55 post-secondary technical institutions operated by Oklahoma's CareerTech program for training in specific fields of industry or trade.

qas: question: How many undergrad students were in Oklahoma in 2007?
answers: text: 181,973

question: How many grad students were in Oklahoma in 2007?
answers: text: 20,014

question: How many professional degree college students were in Oklahoma in 2007?
answers: text: 4,395

question: How many of Oklahoma's 2007 undergrads completed their degree?
answers: text: 18,892

question: How many of Oklahoma's 2007 grad students completed their degree?
answers: text: 5,386
context: In the 2007–2008 school year, there were 181,973 undergraduate students, 20,014 graduate students, and 4,395 first-professional degree students enrolled in Oklahoma colleges. Of these students, 18,892 received a bachelor's degree, 5,386 received a master's degree, and 462 received a first professional degree. This means the state of Oklahoma produces an average of 38,278 degree-holders per completions component (i.e. July 1, 2007 – June 30, 2008). National average is 68,322 total degrees awarded per completions component.

qas: question: Which Native American group is involved in a language preservation project?
answers: text: Cherokee Nation

question: What percent of Cherokee people are desired to be fluent in Cherokee?
answers: text: 80% or more

question: What group runs the Cherokee language preservation project?
answers: text: Cherokee Preservation Foundation

question: How much has the Cherokee Preservation Foundation spent on schools?
answers: text: $3 million

question: Where is there a Cherokee immersion school?
answers: text: Tahlequah, Oklahoma
context: The Cherokee Nation instigated a 10-year language preservation plan that involved growing new fluent speakers of the Cherokee language from childhood on up through school immersion programs as well as a collaborative community effort to continue to use the language at home. This plan was part of an ambitious goal that in 50 years, 80% or more of the Cherokee people will be fluent in the language. The Cherokee Preservation Foundation has invested $3 million into opening schools, training teachers, and developing curricula for language education, as well as initiating community gatherings where the language can be actively used. There is a Cherokee language immersion school in Tahlequah, Oklahoma that educates students from pre-school through eighth grade. Graduates are fluent speakers of the language. Several universities offer Cherokee as a second language, including the University of Oklahoma and Northeastern State University.

qas: question: What is the only major league sports team in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Oklahoma City Thunder

question: What league is the Thunder in?
answers: text: National Basketball Association

question: What had Oklahoma's WNBA team been?
answers: text: Tulsa Shock

question: Where did Oklahoma's WNBA team move to?
answers: text: Dallas–Fort Worth

question: What was Oklahoma's WNBA team renamed to when it moved?
answers: text: Dallas Wings
context: Oklahoma has teams in basketball, football, arena football, baseball, soccer, hockey, and wrestling located in Oklahoma City, Tulsa, Enid, Norman, and Lawton. The Oklahoma City Thunder of the National Basketball Association (NBA) is the state's only major league sports franchise. The state had a team in the Women's National Basketball Association, the Tulsa Shock, from 2010 through 2015, but the team relocated to Dallas–Fort Worth after that season and became the Dallas Wings. Oklahoma supports teams in several minor leagues, including Minor League Baseball at the AAA and AA levels (Oklahoma City Dodgers and Tulsa Drillers, respectively), hockey's ECHL with the Tulsa Oilers, and a number of indoor football leagues. In the last-named sport, the state's most notable team was the Tulsa Talons, which played in the Arena Football League until 2012, when the team was moved to San Antonio. The Oklahoma Defenders replaced the Talons as Tulsa's only professional arena football team, playing the CPIFL. The Oklahoma City Blue, of the NBA Development League, relocated to Oklahoma City from Tulsa in 2014, where they were formerly known as the Tulsa 66ers. Tulsa is the base for the Tulsa Revolution, which plays in the American Indoor Soccer League. Enid and Lawton host professional basketball teams in the USBL and the CBA.

qas: question: Which NBA team temporarily relocated to Oklahoma?
answers: text: New Orleans Hornets

question: Where did the temporary NBA team play in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Oklahoma City's Ford Center

question: What caused the temporary NBA team to relocate to Oklahoma?
answers: text: Hurricane Katrina

question: What was the Thunder's previous name?
answers: text: Seattle SuperSonics

question: Who owns the Thunder?
answers: text: Professional Basketball Club LLC
context: The NBA's New Orleans Hornets became the first major league sports franchise based in Oklahoma when the team was forced to relocate to Oklahoma City's Ford Center, now known as Chesapeake Energy Arena, for two seasons following Hurricane Katrina in 2005. In July 2008, the Seattle SuperSonics, a franchise owned by the Professional Basketball Club LLC, a group of Oklahoma City businessmen led by Clayton Bennett, relocated to Oklahoma City and announced that play would begin at the Ford Center as the Oklahoma City Thunder for the 2008–09 season, becoming the state's first permanent major league franchise.

qas: question: How many NCAA Division I colleges does Oklahoma have?
answers: text: four

question: How many colleges does Oklahoma have in the Big 12?
answers: text: two

question: How many fans attend an average Oklahoma State University football game?
answers: text: over 50,000

question: What is the rivalry between OSU and University of Oklahoma called?
answers: text: Bedlam Series

question: Where is Oral Roberts University?
answers: text: Tulsa
context: Collegiate athletics are a popular draw in the state. The state has four schools that compete at the highest level of college sports, NCAA Division I. The most prominent are the state's two members of the Big 12 Conference, one of the so-called Power Five conferences of the top tier of college football, Division I FBS. The University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University average well over 50,000 fans attending their football games, and Oklahoma's football program ranked 12th in attendance among American colleges in 2010, with an average of 84,738 people attending its home games. The two universities meet several times each year in rivalry matches known as the Bedlam Series, which are some of the greatest sporting draws to the state. Sports Illustrated magazine rates Oklahoma and Oklahoma State among the top colleges for athletics in the nation. Two private institutions in Tulsa, the University of Tulsa and Oral Roberts University; are also Division I members. Tulsa competes in FBS football and other sports in the American Athletic Conference, while Oral Roberts, which does not sponsor football, is a member of The Summit League. In addition, 12 of the state's smaller colleges and universities compete in NCAA Division II as members of four different conferences, and eight other Oklahoma institutions participate in the NAIA, mostly within the Sooner Athletic Conference.

qas: question: What kind of tournaments does Cedar Ridge Country Club host?
answers: text: LPGA

question: Where is Southern Hills Country Club?
answers: text: Tulsa

question: Where is Oak Tree Country Club?
answers: text: Oklahoma City

question: Where is Cedar Ridge Country Club?
answers: text: Tulsa

question: How many PGA championships has Southern Hills held?
answers: text: four
context: Regular LPGA tournaments are held at Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa, and major championships for the PGA or LPGA have been played at Southern Hills Country Club in Tulsa, Oak Tree Country Club in Oklahoma City, and Cedar Ridge Country Club in Tulsa. Rated one of the top golf courses in the nation, Southern Hills has hosted four PGA Championships, including one in 2007, and three U.S. Opens, the most recent in 2001. Rodeos are popular throughout the state, and Guymon, in the state's panhandle, hosts one of the largest in the nation.

qas: question: How many major newspapers does Oklahoma have?
answers: text: two

question: What is the largest Oklahoma newspaper?
answers: text: The Oklahoman

question: How many people read the Sunday issue of The Oklahoman?
answers: text: 202,690

question: What is the 2nd-largest Oklahoma newspaper?
answers: text: The Tulsa World

question: How many people read the Sunday issue of The Tulsa World?
answers: text: 132,969
context: The state has two primary newspapers. The Oklahoman, based in Oklahoma City, is the largest newspaper in the state and 54th-largest in the nation by circulation, with a weekday readership of 138,493 and a Sunday readership of 202,690. The Tulsa World, the second most widely circulated newspaper in Oklahoma and 79th in the nation, holds a Sunday circulation of 132,969 and a weekday readership of 93,558. Oklahoma's first newspaper was established in 1844, called the Cherokee Advocate, and was written in both Cherokee and English. In 2006, there were more than 220 newspapers located in the state, including 177 with weekly publications and 48 with daily publications.

qas: question: How many miles of highways are in Oklahoma?
answers: text: More than 12,000

question: Oklahoma has the longest drivable stretch of what famous highway?
answers: text: Route 66

question: What is the busiest highway in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Interstate 44

question: How many bridges in Oklahoma were found to be deficient in 2010?
answers: text: 5,212

question: How many national highway bridges in Oklahoma were found to be deficient in 2010?
answers: text: 235
context: More than 12,000 miles (19,000 km) of roads make up the state's major highway skeleton, including state-operated highways, ten turnpikes or major toll roads, and the longest drivable stretch of Route 66 in the nation. In 2008, Interstate 44 in Oklahoma City was Oklahoma's busiest highway, with a daily traffic volume of 123,300 cars. In 2010, the state had the nation's third highest number of bridges classified as structurally deficient, with nearly 5,212 bridges in disrepair, including 235 National Highway System Bridges.

qas: question: What is the largest commercial airport in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Will Rogers World Airport

question: Where is Oklahoma's largest airport?
answers: text: Oklahoma City

question: How many people boarded in Will Rogers World Airport in 2010?
answers: text: 1.7 million

question: How many different airlines operate in Oklahoma?
answers: text: six

question: How many public airports does Oklahoma have?
answers: text: over 150
context: Oklahoma's largest commercial airport is Will Rogers World Airport in Oklahoma City, averaging a yearly passenger count of more than 3.5 million (1.7 million boardings) in 2010. Tulsa International Airport, the state's second largest commercial airport, served more than 1.3 million boardings in 2010. Between the two, six airlines operate in Oklahoma. In terms of traffic, R. L. Jones Jr. (Riverside) Airport in Tulsa is the state's busiest airport, with 335,826 takeoffs and landings in 2008. In total, Oklahoma has over 150 public-use airports.

qas: question: How many ports does Oklahoma have?
answers: text: Two

question: Which port in Oklahoma handles international cargo?
answers: text: Tulsa Port of Catoosa

question: Where is the furthest-inland oceangoing port in the US?
answers: text: Tulsa

question: How many tons of cargo does the Tulsa Port of Catoosa ship annually?
answers: text: over two million

question: What connects the two Oklahoma ports?
answers: text: the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System
context: Two inland ports on rivers serve Oklahoma: the Port of Muskogee and the Tulsa Port of Catoosa. The only port handling international cargo in the state, the Tulsa Port of Catoosa is the most inland ocean-going port in the nation and ships over two million tons of cargo each year. Both ports are located on the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, which connects barge traffic from Tulsa and Muskogee to the Mississippi River via the Verdigris and Arkansas rivers, contributing to one of the busiest waterways in the world.

qas: question: How many district courts does Oklahoma have?
answers: text: 77

question: How many counties does Oklahoma have?
answers: text: 77

question: What is the civil court of last resort in Oklahoma?
answers: text: the state Supreme Court

question: What is the criminal court of last resort in Oklahoma?
answers: text: the state Court of Criminal Appeals

question: What is the only other state with two courts of last resort?
answers: text: Texas
context: Oklahoma's judicial branch consists of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and 77 District Courts that each serves one county. The Oklahoma judiciary also contains two independent courts: a Court of Impeachment and the Oklahoma Court on the Judiciary. Oklahoma has two courts of last resort: the state Supreme Court hears civil cases, and the state Court of Criminal Appeals hears criminal cases (this split system exists only in Oklahoma and neighboring Texas). Judges of those two courts, as well as the Court of Civil Appeals are appointed by the Governor upon the recommendation of the state Judicial Nominating Commission, and are subject to a non-partisan retention vote on a six-year rotating schedule.

qas: question: Who is in the executive branch?
answers: text: the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials

question: Who commands the Oklahoma National Guard?
answers: text: the Governor

question: Who is responsible for submitting a state budget in Oklahoma?
answers: text: the Executive branch

question: Who is responsible for enforcing Oklahoma's laws?
answers: text: the Executive branch
context: The executive branch consists of the Governor, their staff, and other elected officials. The principal head of government, the Governor is the chief executive of the Oklahoma executive branch, serving as the ex officio Commander-in-Chief of the Oklahoma National Guard when not called into Federal use and reserving the power to veto bills passed through the Legislature. The responsibilities of the Executive branch include submitting the budget, ensuring that state laws are enforced, and ensuring peace within the state is preserved.

qas: question: How many county commissioners does each Oklahoma county have?
answers: text: three

question: What are the major county offices in Oklahoma?
answers: text: commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff

question: How many counties are in Oklahoma?
answers: text: 77

question: Who can collect taxes in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Both county and municipal governments

question: Who can hold elections in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Both county and municipal governments
context: The state is divided into 77 counties that govern locally, each headed by a three-member council of elected commissioners, a tax assessor, clerk, court clerk, treasurer, and sheriff. While each municipality operates as a separate and independent local government with executive, legislative and judicial power, county governments maintain jurisdiction over both incorporated cities and non-incorporated areas within their boundaries, but have executive power but no legislative or judicial power. Both county and municipal governments collect taxes, employ a separate police force, hold elections, and operate emergency response services within their jurisdiction. Other local government units include school districts, technology center districts, community college districts, rural fire departments, rural water districts, and other special use districts.

qas: question: How many tribal governments are in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Thirty-nine

question: Tribes hold land in Oklahoma, but what isn't it called?
answers: text: reservations

question: What powers do tribal governments have?
answers: text: executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions

question: Who can overrule the tribal governments?
answers: text: the United States Congress

question: Who must approve tribal constitutions?
answers: text: the United States Congress
context: Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and no control over state governing bodies such as municipalities and counties. Tribal governments are recognized by the United States as quasi-sovereign entities with executive, judicial, and legislative powers over tribal members and functions, but are subject to the authority of the United States Congress to revoke or withhold certain powers. The tribal governments are required to submit a constitution and any subsequent amendments to the United States Congress for approval.

qas: question: What political party rose to power in Oklahoma in 1948?
answers: text: Republican

question: When did registered Republicans become a majority in Oklahoma?
answers: text: 2015

question: What is the one election since 1952 where a Republican presidential candidate didn't win in Oklahoma?
answers: text: 1964

question: Oklahoma was the only state where which presidential candidate won no counties twice?
answers: text: Barack Obama

question: Who was the last Democratic presidential candidate to win any counties in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Al Gore
context: After the 1948 election, the state turned firmly Republican. Although registered Republicans were a minority in the state until 2015, starting in 1952, Oklahoma has been carried by Republican presidential candidates in all but one election (1964). This is not to say that every election has been a landslide for Republicans: Jimmy Carter lost the state by less than 1.5% in 1976, while Michael Dukakis and Bill Clinton both won 40% or more of the state's popular vote in 1988 and 1996 respectively. Al Gore in 2000, though, was the last Democrat to even win any counties in the state. Oklahoma was the only state where Barack Obama failed to carry any of its counties in both 2008 and 2012.

qas: question: How many US House reps did Oklahoma have before the 2000 census?
answers: text: six

question: How many US House reps did Oklahoma have after the 2000 census?
answers: text: five

question: How many of Oklahoma's House reps were Republican in 2012?
answers: text: four

question: Who are Oklahoma's US Senators?
answers: text: Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn

question: What political party are Oklahoma's US Senators?
answers: text: Republicans
context: Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat. In the 112th Congress, Oklahoma's U.S. senators were Republicans Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn, and its U.S. Representatives were John Sullivan (R-OK-1), Dan Boren (D-OK-2), Frank D. Lucas (R-OK-3), Tom Cole (R-OK-4), and James Lankford (R-OK-5).

qas: question: How many incorporated cities are in Oklahoma?
answers: text: 598

question: How many Oklahoma cities have over 100,000 people?
answers: text: four

question: How many of the 50 largest US cities are in Oklahoma?
answers: text: Oklahoma

question: What is the largest metro area in Oklahoma as of 2010?
answers: text: Oklahoma City

question: How many people live in the Tulsa metro area?
answers: text: 937,478
context: Oklahoma had 598 incorporated places in 2010, including four cities over 100,000 in population and 43 over 10,000. Two of the fifty largest cities in the United States are located in Oklahoma, Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and 65 percent of Oklahomans live within their metropolitan areas, or spheres of economic and social influence defined by the United States Census Bureau as a metropolitan statistical area. Oklahoma City, the state's capital and largest city, had the largest metropolitan area in the state in 2010, with 1,252,987 people, and the metropolitan area of Tulsa had 937,478 residents. Between 2000 and 2010, the cities that led the state in population growth were Blanchard (172.4%), Elgin (78.2%), Jenks (77.0%), Piedmont (56.7%), Bixby (56.6%), and Owasso (56.3%).

qas: question: What is Oklahoma's largest city?
answers: text: Oklahoma City

question: How much did Oklahoma City's population grow from 2000 to 2010?
answers: text: 14.6%

question: How many people lived in Lawton in 2010?
answers: text: 96,867

question: How many people lived in Stillwater in 2010?
answers: text: 45,688

question: What Arkansas city's metro area extends into Oklahoma?
answers: text: Fort Smith
context: In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), Broken Arrow (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), Edmond (81,405, +19.2%), Moore (55,081, +33.9%), Midwest City (54,371, +0.5%), Enid (49,379, +5.0%), and Stillwater (45,688, +17.0%). Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of Fort Smith, Arkansas extends into the state.

qas: question: What state House bill would change Oklahoma's motto to 'Oklahoma - In God We Trust'?
answers: text: HCR 1024

question: What was Oklahoma's state motto, before the state House bill might change it?
answers: text: Labor Omnia Vincit

question: Why did the state House think they could change Oklahoma's motto?
answers: text: no "official" vote regarding "Labor Omnia Vincit"
context: State law codifies Oklahoma's state emblems and honorary positions; the Oklahoma Senate or House of Representatives may adopt resolutions designating others for special events and to benefit organizations. Currently the State Senate is waiting to vote on a change to the state's motto. The House passed HCR 1024, which will change the state motto from "Labor Omnia Vincit" to "Oklahoma-In God We Trust!" The author of the resolution stated that a constituent researched the Oklahoma Constitution and found no "official" vote regarding "Labor Omnia Vincit", therefore opening the door for an entirely new motto.