Republic_of_the_Congo

qas: question: What is the French term for the Republic of the Congo?
answers: text: République du Congo

question: Which country lies on Congo's northeast border?
answers: text: Central African Republic

question: Whic country lies on Congo's western border?
answers: text: Gabon

question: Which country lies on Congo's northwest border?
answers: text: Cameroon

question: In what part of Africa is the Congo located?
answers: text: Central Africa

question: What is the Angolan name for The Republic of the Congo?

question: What country borders the west of Gabon?

question: What borders northwest Cameroon?

question: What is the French name for Gabon?

question: What is the Central African Republic also known as?
context: The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the east and south; and the Angolan exclave of Cabinda to the southwest.

qas: question: What language was spoken in the area that became the Congo?
answers: text: Bantu

question: When did the Congo gain its independence from colonial rule?
answers: text: 1960

question: Who is the ruler of the Congo?
answers: text: Denis Sassou Nguesso

question: What title does Nguesso hold?
answers: text: President

question: What language dominated Equatorial Africa?

question: When did the Congo lose its independence from colonial rule?

question: What year was President Denis Sassou Nguesso ousted? 

question: What conflict removed President Denis Sassou Nguesso from power?

question: How many years did President Denis Sassou Nguesso rule the democratically elected government?
context: The region was dominated by Bantu-speaking tribes, who built trade links leading into the Congo River basin. Congo-Brazzaville was formerly part of the French colony of Equatorial Africa. Upon independence in 1960, the former colony of French Congo became the Republic of the Congo. The People's Republic of the Congo was a Marxist–Leninist one-party state from 1970 to 1991. Multi-party elections have been held since 1992, although a democratically elected government was ousted in the 1997 Republic of the Congo Civil War and President Denis Sassou Nguesso has ruled for 26 of the past 36 years.

qas: question: What is the Congo's rank among other oil generating nations in the Gulf of Guinea?
answers: text: fourth

question: What income is subject to uneven distribution in the Congo?
answers: text: oil revenues

question: What factors led to the Republic of Congo being the third largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea?

question: What is the Congo's rank among all the oil generating nations of the world?

question: What income is evenly distributed in the Congo?

question: What economic status did oil revenue fail to provide for the Congo?

question: What kind of services in the Congo are in good shape?
context: The political stability and development of hydrocarbon production made Republic of Congo the fourth largest oil producer in the Gulf of Guinea and provided the country with a relative prosperity despite the poor state of its infrastructure and public services and an unequal distribution of oil revenues.

qas: question: What group of people were living in the area that would become the Congo prior to the arrival of Bantu tribes?
answers: text: Pygmy

question: When did Bantu tribes arrive in the area formerly populated by the Pygmy people?
answers: text: 1500 BC

question: The Bakongo were a group derived from which tribes?
answers: text: Bantu

question: What language did the Pygmy people speak?

question: When did the Pygmy people displace the Bantu?

question: What did the Pygmy people form a basis for?

question: What Bantu kingdom never traded with the Congo River basin?

question: What Pygmy kingdom built trade links with the Congo River basin?
context: Bantu-speaking peoples who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions largely displaced and absorbed the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Pygmy people, about 1500 BC. The Bakongo, a Bantu ethnic group that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, formed the basis for ethnic affinities and rivalries among those countries. Several Bantu kingdoms—notably those of the Kongo, the Loango, and the Teke—built trade links leading into the Congo River basin.

qas: question: Whose expedition arrived at the mouth of the Congo River in 1484?
answers: text: Diogo Cão

question: What was Diogo Cao's nationality?
answers: text: Portuguese

question: What did European traders exchange with Bantu people?
answers: text: commodities, manufactured goods, and people

question: When did formal colonization of the Congo River delta begin?
answers: text: late 19th century

question: Colonization reduced the power of what groups in the Congo River basin?
answers: text: Bantu societies

question: What Bantu explorer reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484?

question: What is an example of something that was not traded between the Bantu and European merchants?

question: What was responsible for the power of Bantu societies growing in the late 19th century?

question: What area did the Bantu colonize in the late 19th century?

question: Colonization increased the power of what group in the Congo River basin?
context: The Portuguese explorer Diogo Cão reached the mouth of the Congo in 1484. Commercial relationships quickly grew between the inland Bantu kingdoms and European merchants who traded various commodities, manufactured goods, and people captured from the hinterlands. After centuries as a major hub for transatlantic trade, direct European colonization of the Congo river delta began in the late 19th century, subsequently eroding the power of the Bantu societies in the region.

qas: question: When did the French take control of the region to the north of the Congo River?
answers: text: 1880

question: Who brokered a traty with the Makoko people?
answers: text: Pierre de Brazza

question: What was the French Congo's name changed to in 1903?
answers: text: Middle Congo

question: What group of French colonies was created in 1908?
answers: text: French Equatorial Africa

question: How many people are estimated to have died as a result of the creation of the Congo-Ocean Railroad?
answers: text: 14,000

question: When did the area south of the Congo River come under French sovereignty? 

question: When did Middle Congo become known as French Congo?

question: What did the Bateke designate as the federal capital?

question: What did economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule ignore?

question: How many lives were lost building the Congo-Ocean Railroad before World War I?
context: The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital. Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction. The methods were often brutal: construction of the Congo–Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives.

qas: question: What served as the capital of France in spirit during the Occupation?
answers: text: Brazzaville

question: What meeting brought about changes in France's policy towards its colonies?
answers: text: Brazzaville Conference of 1944

question: When did Brazzaville get its own local government?
answers: text: 1946

question: What did the 1946 constitution establish Brazzaville as?
answers: text: the Fourth Republic

question: What served as the symbolic capital of France during World War I?

question: When was Brazzaville established as the Third Republic?

question: What was the symbolic capital of the Nazis from 1940 to 1943? 

question: What stopped Congo from benefiting from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending?

question: What kind of legislature did Brazzaville receive prior to 1946?
context: During the Nazi occupation of France during World War II, Brazzaville functioned as the symbolic capital of Free France between 1940 and 1943. The Brazzaville Conference of 1944 heralded a period of major reform in French colonial policy. Congo benefited from the postwar expansion of colonial administrative and infrastructure spending as a result of its central geographic location within AEF and the federal capital at Brazzaville. It also received a local legislature after the adoption of the 1946 constitution that established the Fourth Republic.

qas: question: When was the Fifth Republic founded?
answers: text: 1958

question: What was disbanded in 1958?
answers: text: the AEF

question: In 1958, what did the Middle Congo change its name to?
answers: text: the Republic of the Congo

question: When did the Congo establish its first constitution?
answers: text: 1959

question: When was the Second Republic established?

question: What established the Third Republic?

question: When did the Republic of the Congo become known as Middle Congo?

question: Where did the Mbochis subdue a riot?

question: Who subdued a series of riots in 1959?
context: Following the revision of the French constitution that established the Fifth Republic in 1958, the AEF dissolved into its constituent parts, each of which became an autonomous colony within the French Community. During these reforms, Middle Congo became known as the Republic of the Congo in 1958 and published its first constitution in 1959. Antagonism between the pro-Opangault Mbochis and the pro-Youlou Balalis resulted in a series of riots in Brazzaville in February 1959, which the French Army subdued.

qas: question: On what date was the Congo made fully independent from colonial rule?
answers: text: August 15, 1960

question: Who was the first leader of the independent Congo?
answers: text: Fulbert Youlou

question: Who replaced Youlou?
answers: text: Alphonse Massamba-Débat

question: Who were responsible for the revolts that ended with Youlou's removal?
answers: text: labour elements and rival political parties

question: Who took control of the company during the transition from Youlou to Debat?
answers: text: Congolese military

question: When did the Congo lose independence from colonial rule?

question: What ousted Alphonse Massamba-Débat from power?

question: Who installed Fulbert Youlou as head of the civilian provisional government?

question: What took charge of the country for a long time?

question: When did France receive independence from the Republic of Congo? 
context: The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian provisional government headed by Alphonse Massamba-Débat.

qas: question: Who became president of the Congo in 1963?
answers: text: Massamba-Débat

question: What was a term that could describe the political philosophy of the Congo under Massamba-Debat?
answers: text: scientific socialism

question: Soldiers from which country were brought to the Congo?
answers: text: Cuban

question: When did Massamba-Debat lose power in the Congo?
answers: text: September 1968

question: What was the country's ideology before Massamba-Débat's term in office?

question: When did the Soviet Union establish relations with North Korea?

question: Who was elected president for a 10 year term?

question: How many Chinese troops were invited into the Congo?

question: When was there a coup led by paratroopers loyal to Massamba-Débat?
context: Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted "scientific socialism" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and North Vietnam. Massamba-Débat's regime also invited several hundred Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units and these troops helped his government survive a coup in 1966 led by paratroopers loyal to future President Marien Ngouabi. Nevertheless, Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional, tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'état in September 1968.

qas: question: Who became president of the Congo in 1968?
answers: text: Marien Ngouabi

question: What did the Congo's name become under Ngouabi?
answers: text: People's Republic of the Congo

question: What did the National Revolutionary Movement's name become?
answers: text: Congolese Labour Party

question: In what year was a coup attempted against Ngouabi?
answers: text: 1972

question: On what date was Ngouabi assassinated?
answers: text: March 16, 1977

question: Who left the presidency on December 31, 1968?

question: Who became president after Denis Sassou Nguesso?

question: What did the Congo's name change to under Denis Sassou Nguesso?

question: When did Denis Sassou Nguesso survive a coup?

question: When was Joachim Yhombi-Opango assassinated?
context: Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first "people's republic", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). Ngouabi survived an attempted coup in 1972 but was assassinated on March 16, 1977. An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was then named to head an interim government with Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president.

qas: question: Which group of nations did Nguesso side the Congo with?
answers: text: Eastern Bloc

question: Which Eastern Bloc nation did Nguesso sign a pact with?
answers: text: the Soviet Union

question: What is a word that can be used to describe Sassou's type of government?
answers: text: dictatorship

question: What was an important tool of the Sassou government?
answers: text: political repression

question: Who aligned the country with the Western Bloc?

question: Who relied more on patronage to maintain his dictatorship?

question: What was the least important tool of the Sassou government?

question: What did Sassou sign a ten year friendship pact with?

question: How long was the friendship pact Sassou signed with the Eastern Bloc?
context: Sassou Nguesso aligned the country with the Eastern Bloc and signed a twenty-year friendship pact with the Soviet Union. Over the years, Sassou had to rely more on political repression and less on patronage to maintain his dictatorship.

qas: question: Who was elected president of the Congo in 1992?
answers: text: Pascal Lissouba

question: Who supported the measures of liberalisation Lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy?
answers: text: IMF

question: What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo?
answers: text: civil war

question: What does ESAF stand for?
answers: text: enhanced structural adjustment facility

question: Who was Congo's last elected president?

question: What year did the IMF turn down  a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility?

question: When did civil war end in Congo?

question: Who was president during the period of single party democracy?
context: Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.

qas: question: Which two figures clashed over leadership of the Congo in 1997?
answers: text: Lissouba and Sassou

question: What is the name of Sassou's personal army?
answers: text: Cobras

question: What nationality were the forces that invaded the Congo to assist Sassou in taking control of the country?
answers: text: Angolan

question: In what month did Sassou regain the presidency?
answers: text: October

question: When did Congo's democratic progress get back on track?

question: When did the tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps start to dissipate?

question: When did government forces surround Lissouba's compound?

question: Where was Lissouba's compound located?

question: What were members of Lissouba's militia called?
context: Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as "Cobras") to resist. Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. In early October, the Angolan socialist régime began an invasion of Congo to install Sassou in power. In mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself president.

qas: question: Which politican left the presidential race after supporting a boycott by voters?
answers: text: Milongo

question: How long did the presidential term become under the new constitution?
answers: text: seven years

question: When was the new constitution ratified?
answers: text: January 2002

question: When was an end brought to the fighting between the government and Ntumi's rebels?
answers: text: April 2003

question: Who won more than 90% of the vote?

question: When did Bernard Kolelas win the election?

question: What did Lissouba advise his supporters to do?

question: What did international observers see no problem with?

question: What reduced the president's term to seven years?
context: In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution, agreed upon by referendum in January 2002, granted the president new powers, extended his term to seven years, and introduced a new bicameral assembly. International observers took issue with the organization of the presidential election and the constitutional referendum, both of which were reminiscent in their organization of Congo's era of the one-party state. Following the presidential elections, fighting restarted in the Pool region between government forces and rebels led by Pastor Ntumi; a peace treaty to end the conflict was signed in April 2003.

qas: question: Who won the presidential election in 2009?
answers: text: Sassou

question: Which group provided oversight for the electoral process in 2009?
answers: text: Congolese Observatory of Human Rights

question: What kind of turnout did the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights experience in the 2009 elections?
answers: text: very low

question: What election did Sassou lose?

question: What year did Sassou lose re-election?

question: Who said the election was marked by very high turnout?

question: What governmental organization commented on the election?

question: What month did Sassou lose an election in?
context: Sassou also won the following presidential election in July 2009. According to the Congolese Observatory of Human Rights, a non-governmental organization, the election was marked by "very low" turnout and "fraud and irregularities".

qas: question: What kind of political system has existed in Congo-Brazzaville since the '90s?
answers: text: multi-party

question: Which party does Sassou belong to?
answers: text: Congolese Labour Party

question: What is the French term for Sassou's political party?
answers: text: Parti Congolais du Travail

question: Since when has Congo-Brazzaville has a single party political system?

question: Who has serious competition in the presidential elections?

question: What is the Congolese Labour Party called in German?

question: What party does not back Sassou?

question: What is not dominated by Sassou?
context: Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congolais du Travail) as well as a range of smaller parties.

qas: question: What has Sassou's regime attempted to censor?
answers: text: corruption revelations

question: What country found bank accounts and real estate owned by the Sassou regime?
answers: text: France

question: What did Sassou's regime not attempt to censor?

question: What has Sassou's regime been hit by nationally?

question: What did one German investigation find?

question: What did France denounce embezzlement investigations as?

question: What country were no lavish properties found in?
context: Internationally, Sassou's regime has been hit by corruption revelations despite attempts to censor them. One French investigation found over 110 bank accounts and dozens of lavish properties in France; Sassou denounced embezzlement investigations as "racist" and "colonial".

qas: question: When did Sassou reveal that there would be a vote to alter the 2002 constitution?
answers: text: March 27, 2015

question: Which term did the new constitution allow Sassou to pursue?
answers: text: third

question: When did Sassou announce that his government would not change the 2002 constitution?

question: What changed the 2015 constitution?

question: What percentage of people did the government claim opposed the proposal?

question: What percentage of people did the government claim did not vote?

question: What allowed Sassou to run for a second term?
context: On March 27, 2015 Sassou Nguesso announced that his government would hold a referendum to change the country's 2002 constitution and allow him to run for a third consecutive term in office. On October 25 the government held a referendum to allow Sassou Nguesso to run in the next election. The government claimed that the proposal as approved by 92 percent of voters with 72 percent of eligible voters participating. The opposition, who had boycotted the referendum claimed that the government's statistics were false and that the vote was a sham.

qas: question: Who controlled the media in the Congo in 2008
answers: text: the government

question: How many government TV stations exist?
answers: text: one

question: How many smaller stations exist that are not government-run?
answers: text: 10

question: When was the main media not owned by the government?

question: When were many privately run forms of media being destroyed?

question: How many large private television channels were there?

question: How many government owned radio stations were there? 

question: How many privately owned radio stations were running?
context: In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created. There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels.

qas: question: Who is considered to own members of the Pygmies?
answers: text: Bantus

question: The treatment of Pygmies has been compared to the treatment of what?
answers: text: pets

question: When did the government of the Congo pass a law to assist indigenous people?
answers: text: December 30, 2010

question: Who do many Bantus belong to?

question: When did the Congolese parliament strike down a law to protect indigenous people?

question: What is the last of its kind in Africa?

question: What does the Congolese Human Rights Observatory say Bantus are treated as?

question: What does no one refer to as slavery?
context: Many Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus in a relationship many refer to as slavery. The Congolese Human Rights Observatory says that the Pygmies are treated as property the same way "pets" are. On December 30, 2010, the Congolese parliament adopted a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peoples. This law is the first of its kind in Africa, and its adoption is a historic development for indigenous peoples on the continent.

qas: question: Between which two lines of latitude is the Congo located?
answers: text: 4°N and 5°S

question: Between which two lines of longitude is the Congo located?
answers: text: 11° and 19°E

question: What ocean connects to the Congo?
answers: text: Atlantic Ocean

question: Which country lies southwest of the Congo?
answers: text: Cabinda

question: What is another name for Cabinda?
answers: text: Angola

question: What is located in the northern part of sub-Saharan Africa?

question: What is outside of latitudes 4°N and 5°S?

question: What is to the west of Gabon?

question: What is to the north of Cameroon?

question: What has a long coast on the Atlantic Ocean?
context: Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.

qas: question: What is the capital of the Congo?
answers: text: Brazzaville

question: On what river can Brazzaville be found?
answers: text: Congo River

question: What lies directly across the Congo River from Brazzaville?
answers: text: Kinshasa

question: What country does Kinshasa serve as capital of?
answers: text: Democratic Republic of the Congo

question: Where is Kinshasa located?

question: What is located in the north of the Congo?

question: What is located in the south of the Republic of the Congo?

question: What city is not located on the Congo River?

question: What city is located far away from Brazzaville?
context: The capital, Brazzaville, is located on the Congo River, in the south of the country, immediately across from Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

qas: question: What kind of terrain is found in the southwest part of the Congo?
answers: text: coastal plain

question: Which river serves as drainage for the southwest plain of the Congo?
answers: text: Kouilou-Niari River

question: The middle of the country features what kind of geography?
answers: text: plateau

question: What areas are facing pressure to be used for commercial gain?
answers: text: Forests

question: What is not under increasing exploitation pressure?

question: What river is the source of drainage for the interior of the country?

question: What kind of geography does the northeast of the country have?

question: How many basins are located outside of the country?

question: What do forests in the Congo not have to face?
context: The southwest of the country is a coastal plain for which the primary drainage is the Kouilou-Niari River; the interior of the country consists of a central plateau between two basins to the south and north. Forests are under increasing exploitation pressure.

qas: question: On what major line of latitude is the Congo located?
answers: text: Equator

question: What is the average temperature in the Congo when the sun is up?
answers: text: 24 °C (75 °F)

question: What is the average temperature range in the Congo during the night time?
answers: text: 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F)

question: When does the Congo experience dry season?
answers: text: June to August

question: Why does the country's climate vary year-round?

question: What is the temperature on an unusual day? 

question: What is the yearly rainfall in the north of the country?

question: How many rainfall maxima does the minority of the country have?

question: What is not located on the Equator?
context: Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.

qas: question: Which group studied gorillas in 2006-07?
answers: text: Wildlife Conservation Society

question: What region is home to the gorillas studied by the Wildlife Conservation Society?
answers: text: Sangha Region

question: What was responsible for maintaining the separation between the gorillas and humans?
answers: text: inhospitable swamps

question: When did researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society study chimps?

question: Where did researchers study chimps in heavily forested regions?

question: How many chimpanzees live in the area?

question: What has kept the chimps isolated from humans?

question: In what kind of regions did researchers not find any gorillas?
context: In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps.

qas: question: What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?
answers: text: Petroleum

question: What are two issues in the Congolese government?
answers: text: budget problems and overstaffing

question: What did petroleum production replace as the focus of the economy?
answers: text: forestry

question: What percentage of the Congo's gross domestic product did petroleum account for in 2008?
answers: text: 65%

question: What percentage of exported goods did oil account for in 2008?
answers: text: 92%

question: What is not a part of Congo's economy?

question: What is the smallest part of the industrial sector?

question: What is characterized by under staffing?

question: What percent of the GDP did forestry account for in 2008?

question: What percent of exports in 2008 were handicrafts?
context: The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth.

qas: question: What did income from petroleum allow the government to fund in the early '80s?
answers: text: large-scale development projects

question: What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s?
answers: text: 5%

question: By how much were Franc Zone currencies devalued in January of 1994?
answers: text: 50%

question: How much inflation did the Congo experience as a result of the devaluation of the Franc?
answers: text: 46%

question: When did oil revenues rapidly decline?

question: What enabled the government to finance small development projects?

question: What was financed by rising forestry revenues?

question: What contributed to an excess of revenues?

question: What year was inflation at its lowest point?
context: In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.

qas: question: What caused reform efforts to cease in 1997?
answers: text: civil war

question: What are two reasons why the economy was not able to progress following the civil war?
answers: text: slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict

question: When did military conflict resume in the Congo?
answers: text: December 1998

question: What organization never supported economic reform efforts?

question: When did the reform program start?

question: When did Sassou leave power?

question: What was helped by slumping oil prices?

question: Who did not express interest in economic reforms?
context: Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit.

qas: question: What are two economic issues faced by the Congolese government?
answers: text: stimulating recovery and reducing poverty

question: What two exports has the Congo begun producing recently?
answers: text: Natural gas and diamonds

question: When was the Congo allowed back into the Kimberley Process?
answers: text: 2007

question: Who presides over a stable peace?

question: When were oil prices at a record low?

question: What country allegedly smuggled diamonds out of the Congo?

question: What is not a Congolese export?

question: When was the Democratic Republic of Congo excluded from the Kimberly process?
context: The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007.

qas: question: What precious metals and minerals have yet to be utilized in the Republic of the Congo?
answers: text: base metal, gold, iron and phosphate

question: What business organization is the Congo a member of?
answers: text: Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa

question: How much land did the Congolese government agree to lease to South Africans in 2009?
answers: text: 200,000 hectares

question: What country doesn't have many metal deposits?

question: When did the South African government sign an agreement to lease land to Congolese farmers?

question: What country did the South African government lease land to?

question: How much land did South Africa lease to the Congo?

question: Why did South Africa lease land to the Democratic Republic of Congo?
context: The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.

qas: question: What forms of transport are available in the Congo?
answers: text: land, air and water

question: When was the Congo's train system built?
answers: text: 1930s

question: What is a common destination outside of Africa for Congolese airlines?
answers: text: Paris

question: On what ocean is a major port located?
answers: text: Atlantic Ocean

question: What method of transport is not available in the Republic of the Congo?

question: When did the country's rail system get taken out of operation?

question: How many kilometers of unpaved roads are in the Congo?

question: How many domestic airports are located in the Republic of the Congo?

question: Which ocean does the Congo have no ports on?
context: Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a large port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.

qas: question: In what part of the country can most of the Congo's citizens be found?
answers: text: southwest

question: How long is the track connecting Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire?
answers: text: 534-kilometre (332 mi)

question: What percent of the population of the Congo lives outside urban areas?

question: What is one of the small cities in the Congo?

question: How long is the road that connects the largest cities?

question: Where has commercial activity increased rapidly?

question: What are urban economies dependent on the government for?
context: The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 70% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire or one of the small cities or villages lining the 534-kilometre (332 mi) railway which connects the two cities. In rural areas, industrial and commercial activity has declined rapidly in recent years, leaving rural economies dependent on the government for support and subsistence.

qas: question: How many languages are used in the Congo?
answers: text: 62

question: What is the most populous ethnicity in the Congo?
answers: text: Kongo

question: How much of the population is constituted by Pygmies?
answers: text: 2%

question: What percentage of the population of the Congo is Boulangui?
answers: text: 12%

question: What country has a narrow range of languages?

question: How many languages are spoken outside of the Congo?

question: What amount of the Kongo are Laari?

question: What group lives on the Pacific coast?

question: How many groups can the Teke be categorized into?
context: Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population.

qas: question: Prior to the civil war in '97, how many non-Africans lived in the Republic of the Congo?
answers: text: about 9,000

question: What was the dominant nationality among Europeans living in the Congo prior to the civil war?
answers: text: French

question: How many Americans live in the Congo?
answers: text: Around 300

question: How many Americans lived in the Congo before 1997?

question: How many French expatriates reside in the Congo?

question: How many Congolese expatriates live in America?

question: Where did 9000 Europeans and other non-Africans live after the 1997 war?
context: Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo.

qas: question: What is the most commonly practiced religion in the Congo?
answers: text: Catholics

question: What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans?
answers: text: 22.3%

question: What portion of the Congolese population is Protestant?
answers: text: 19.9%

question: What is the percentage of Muslims living in the Congo?
answers: text: 1.6%

question: Who form the majority of Islamic residents of the Congo?
answers: text: foreign workers

question: What religion is notable due to an influx of foreign workers in the rural areas?

question: What percentage of Congolese are atheist?

question: What is the most popular religion in South Africa, according to the CIA World Factbook?

question: What religion is not found in the Congo?

question: What is the percentage of Protestants in South Africa?
context: According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.

qas: question: How much of the gross domestic product was spent on public health in 2004?
answers: text: 8.9%

question: What was the overall incidence of HIV or AIDS throughout the 15 to 49 year old population?
answers: text: 2.8%

question: How much was spent per capita on health in 2004 as measured in US dollars?
answers: text: $30

question: For every 100,000 people, how many phyisicians were there in the Congo in the early '00s?
answers: text: 20

question: What percentage of the GDP was public expenditure health after 2004?

question: What was the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in people over 49? 

question: How much was spent on health per capita after 2004?

question: What is happening to only a small portion of the population?

question: How many physicians per 100,000 people were there in the late 2000s?
context: Public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade).

qas: question: As measured in 2010, how many deaths occurred for every 100,000 live births in the Congo?
answers: text: 560

question: What does FGM stand for?
answers: text: Female genital mutilation

question: How many infants die for every 1,000 live births?
answers: text: 59.34

question: What was the maternal mortality rate of the Congo in the year 2000?

question: What was the infant mortality rate of the Congo in 1990?

question: What procedure is common in the country?

question: Where is female genital mutilation not found in the Congo?

question: What is the infant mortality rate in South Africa?
context: As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.

qas: question: Public schooling is required for people under what age?
answers: text: 16

question: What was the school enrollment rate in 2005?
answers: text: 44%

question: What do students who finish 13 years of schooling receive?
answers: text: baccalaureate

question: What language is used in Congolese schools?
answers: text: French

question: What was higher in 2002 than in 1991?

question: What is theoretically free for people over 16?

question: When is education not compulsory?

question: What is the country's only private university?

question: What courses are not offered at Marien Ngouabi University?
context: Public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002–05 than in 1991. Public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen is compulsory. Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain a baccalaureate. At the university, students can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after four. Marien Ngouabi University—which offers courses in medicine, law and several other fields—is the country's only public university. Instruction at all levels is in French, and the educational system as a whole models the French system. The educational infrastructure has been seriously degraded as a result of political and economic crises. There are no seats in most classrooms, forcing children to sit on the floor. Enterprising individuals have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments.