The_Bronx

qas: question: How many boroughs are in NYC?
answers: text: five

question: Where is the Bronx positioned among NYC boroughs?
answers: text: northernmost

question: What is the Bronx's population?
answers: text: 1,438,159

question: How large is the Bronx?
answers: text: 42 square miles (109 km2)

question: What is unique about the Bronx's location?
answers: text: Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland
context: The Bronx /ˈbrɒŋks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south over the East River to the borough of Queens. Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland and, with a land area of 42 square miles (109 km2) and a population of 1,438,159 in 2014, has the fourth largest land area, the fourth highest population, and the third-highest population density.

qas: question: Who is the Bronx named for?
answers: text: Jonas Bronck

question: What did Bronck do?
answers: text: created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony

question: When did Bronck settle in the New York area?
answers: text: 1639

question: What native tribe lived in the New York area?
answers: text: Lenape

question: What types of music the Bronx famous for?
answers: text: Latin music and hip hop
context: The Bronx is named after Jonas Bronck who created the first settlement as part of the New Netherland colony in 1639. The native Lenape were displaced after 1643 by settlers. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the Bronx received many immigrant groups as it was transformed into an urban community, first from various European countries (particularly Ireland, Germany and Italy) and later from the Caribbean region (particularly Puerto Rico, Jamaica and the Dominican Republic), as well as African American migrants from the American South. This cultural mix has made the Bronx a wellspring of both Latin music and hip hop.

qas: question: How poor is part of the Bronx?
answers: text: one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States

question: What neighborhoods of the Bronx are more affluent?
answers: text: Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club

question: When did the South Bronx lose quality of life?
answers: text: the late 1960s and the 1970s

question: What crime problem happened in the Bronx in the 70s?
answers: text: arson
context: The Bronx contains one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States, the 15th, but its wide diversity also includes affluent, upper-income and middle-income neighborhoods such as Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club. The Bronx, particularly the South Bronx, saw a sharp decline in population, livable housing, and the quality of life in the late 1960s and the 1970s, culminating in a wave of arson. Since then the communities have shown significant redevelopment starting in the late 1980s before picking up pace in the 1990s into today.

qas: question: When was Jonas Bronck born?
answers: text: 1600

question: Where did Bronck emigrate from?
answers: text: Småland, Sweden

question: When did Bronck reach the New York area?
answers: text: spring of 1639

question: What entity did Bronck get his land from?
answers: text: the Dutch West India Company

question: How much land did Bronck eventually own?
answers: text: 500 acres
context: Jonas Bronck (c. 1600–43) was a Swedish born emigrant from Komstad, Norra Ljunga parish in Småland, Sweden who arrived in New Netherland during the spring of 1639. He became the first recorded European settler in the area now known as the Bronx. He leased land from the Dutch West India Company on the neck of the mainland immediately north of the Dutch settlement in Harlem (on Manhattan island), and bought additional tracts from the local tribes. He eventually accumulated 500 acres (about 2 square km, or 3/4 of a square mile) between the Harlem River and the Aquahung, which became known as Bronck's River, or The Bronx. Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Bronck's Land. The American poet William Bronk was a descendant of Pieter Bronck, either Jonas Bronck's son or his younger brother.

qas: question: What is the Bronx's county name?
answers: text: The County of Bronx

question: What is the Bronx's borough name?
answers: text: Borough of the Bronx

question: When was the Bronx created?
answers: text: 1874

question: What county was the Bronx split off from?
answers: text: Westchester

question: When was the Bronx added to?
answers: text: 1898
context: The Bronx is referred to, both legally and colloquially, with a definite article, as the Bronx. (The County of Bronx, unlike the coextensive Borough of the Bronx, does not place the immediately before Bronx in formal references, nor does the United States Postal Service in its database of Bronx addresses.) The name for this region, apparently after the Bronx River, first appeared in the Annexed District of the Bronx created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County and was continued in the Borough of the Bronx, which included a larger annexation from Westchester County in 1898. The use of the definite article is attributed to the style of referring to rivers. Another explanation for the use of the definite article in the borough's name is that the original form of the name was a possessive or collective one referring to the family, as in visiting The Broncks, The Bronck's or The Broncks'.

qas: question: When did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River?
answers: text: 1759

question: Why did farmers build a bridge over the Harlem River?
answers: text: tolls were resented

question: What strategic advantage did the Bronx's location have?
answers: text: between New England and New York

question: When was Kingsbridge built?
answers: text: 1693

question: Who owned Kingsbridge?
answers: text: Frederick Philipse
context: The development of the Bronx is directly connected to its strategic location between New England and New York (Manhattan). Control over the bridges across the Harlem River plagued the period of British colonial rule. Kingsbridge, built in 1693 where Broadway reached the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, was a possession of Frederick Philipse, lord of Philipse Manor. The tolls were resented by local farmers on both sides of the creek. In 1759, the farmers led by Jacobus Dyckman and Benjamin Palmer built a "free bridge" across the Harlem River which led to the abandonment of tolls altogether.

qas: question: How many counties did New York originally have?
answers: text: 12

question: Parts of which towns became part of the Bronx?
answers: text: Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham

question: When was West Farms created?
answers: text: 1846

question: When was Morrisania created?
answers: text: 1855

question: When was the town of Kingsbridge created?
answers: text: 1873
context: The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County, one of the 12 original counties of the English Province of New York. The present Bronx County was contained in the town of Westchester and parts of the towns of Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham. In 1846, a new town, West Farms, was created by division of Westchester; in turn, in 1855, the town of Morrisania was created from West Farms. In 1873, the town of Kingsbridge (roughly corresponding to the modern Bronx neighborhoods of Kingsbridge, Riverdale, and Woodlawn) was established within the former borders of Yonkers.

qas: question: When did New York City annex Kingsbridge?
answers: text: 1873

question: When did New York City annex West Farms?
answers: text: 1873

question: When did New York City annex Morrisania?
answers: text: 1873

question: When did New York City annex part of Pelham?
answers: text: 1895

question: When did New York City annex part of Eastchester?
answers: text: 1895
context: The consolidation of the Bronx into New York City proceeded in two stages. In 1873, the state legislature annexed Kingsbridge, West Farms and Morrisania to New York, effective in 1874; the three towns were abolished in the process. In 1895, three years before New York's consolidation with Brooklyn, Queens and Staten Island, the whole of the territory east of the Bronx River, including the Town of Westchester (which had voted in 1894 against consolidation) and portions of Eastchester and Pelham, were annexed to the city. City Island, a nautical community, voted to join the city in 1896.

qas: question: When was the Bronx's boom period?
answers: text: 1900–29

question: What was the Bronx's population in 1900?
answers: text: 200,000

question: What was the Bronx's population in 1929?
answers: text: 1.3 million

question: When did the Bronx's income declined?
answers: text: 1950–85

question: When did the Bronx's economy regrow?
answers: text: starting in the late 1980s
context: The history of the Bronx during the 20th century may be divided into four periods: a boom period during 1900–29, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression and post World War II years saw a slowing of growth leading into an eventual decline. The mid to late century were hard times, as the Bronx declined 1950–85 from a predominantly moderate-income to a predominantly lower-income area with high rates of violent crime and poverty. The Bronx has experienced an economic and developmental resurgence starting in the late 1980s that continues into today.

qas: question: How many Jews lived in the Bronx in 1937?
answers: text: 592,185

question: How many Jews lived in the Bronx in 2011?
answers: text: 54,000

question: What led to the Bronx's population growth?
answers: text: Extensions of the New York City Subway

question: What immigrant groups were the most prevalent in the Bronx?
answers: text: Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewish Americans

question: How much of the Bronx was Jewish in 1937?
answers: text: 43.9%
context: The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. Among these groups, many Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewish Americans settled here. In addition, French, German, Polish and other immigrants moved into the borough. The Jewish population also increased notably during this time. In 1937, according to Jewish organizations, 592,185 Jews lived in The Bronx (43.9% of the borough's population), while only 54,000 Jews lived in the borough in 2011. Many synagogues still stand in the Bronx, but most have been converted to other uses.

qas: question: What is redlining?
answers: text: a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas

question: What might have encouraged landlords to abandon or destroy buildings?
answers: text: rent control laws

question: What example city service was cut back on in the Bronx?
answers: text: fire-fighting
context: Yet another may have been a reduction in the real-estate listings and property-related financial services (such as mortgage loans or insurance policies) offered in some areas of the Bronx — a process known as redlining. Others have suggested a "planned shrinkage" of municipal services, such as fire-fighting. There was also much debate as to whether rent control laws had made it less profitable (or more costly) for landlords to maintain existing buildings with their existing tenants than to abandon or destroy those buildings.

qas: question: What crime was common in the Bronx in the 1970s?
answers: text: arson

question: Why did some landlords burn their own buildings?
answers: text: it was more lucrative to get insurance money than to refurbish or sell a building in a severely distressed area

question: Where were poverty and unemployment the worst in the Bronx?
answers: text: South Bronx
context: In the 1970s, the Bronx was plagued by a wave of arson. The burning of buildings was predominantly in the poorest communities, like the South Bronx. The most common explanation of what occurred was that landlords decided to burn their low property-value buildings and take the insurance money as it was more lucrative to get insurance money than to refurbish or sell a building in a severely distressed area. The Bronx became identified with a high rate of poverty and unemployment, which was mainly a persistent problem in the South Bronx.

qas: question: What city plan helped redevelop the Bronx?
answers: text: "Ten-Year Housing Plan"

question: How many units are in the Nehemiah Homes?
answers: text: about 1,000

question: Who built the Nehemiah Homes?
answers: text: Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx

question: Who led the Melrose Commons project?
answers: text: Nos Quedamos

question: How many bank branches were in the Bronx by 2007?
answers: text: 149
context: Since the late 1980s, significant development has occurred in the Bronx, first stimulated by the city's "Ten-Year Housing Plan" and community members working to rebuild the social, economic and environmental infrastructure by creating affordable housing. Groups affiliated with churches in the South Bronx erected the Nehemiah Homes with about 1,000 units. The grass roots organization Nos Quedamos' endeavor known as Melrose Commons began to rebuild areas in the South Bronx. The IRT White Plains Road Line (2 5 trains) began to show an increase in riders. Chains such as Marshalls, Staples, and Target opened stores in the Bronx. More bank branches opened in the Bronx as a whole (rising from 106 in 1997 to 149 in 2007), although not primarily in poor or minority neighborhoods, while the Bronx still has fewer branches per person than other boroughs.

qas: question: What award did the Bronx receive in 1997?
answers: text: All America City

question: Who gave the Bronx an award in 1997?
answers: text: the National Civic League

question: How were window decals used in the Bronx in the 1980s?
answers: text: pictures of potted plants and drawn curtains were placed in the windows of abandoned buildings

question: How many housing units were built in the Bronx in 2002-2007?
answers: text: 33,687

question: How much was invested in housing in the Bronx in 2002-2007?
answers: text: $4.8 billion
context: In 1997, the Bronx was designated an All America City by the National Civic League, acknowledging its comeback from the decline of the mid-century. In 2006, The New York Times reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of potted plants and drawn curtains were placed in the windows of abandoned buildings." The borough has experienced substantial new building construction since 2002. Between 2002 and June 2007, 33,687 new units of housing were built or were under way and $4.8 billion has been invested in new housing. In the first six months of 2007 alone total investment in new residential development was $965 million and 5,187 residential units were scheduled to be completed. Much of the new development is springing up in formerly vacant lots across the South Bronx.

qas: question: What was the largest armory in the world?
answers: text: Kingsbridge Armory

question: What is Kingsbridge Armory being turned into?
answers: text: Kingsbridge National Ice Center

question: Where is a La Quinta being built in the Bronx?
answers: text: the Mott Haven waterfront

question: How much development space would a Concourse Yard platform provide?
answers: text: 2,000,000 square feet

question: How much would a Concourse Yard platform cost?
answers: text: US$350–500 million
context: Several boutique and chain hotels have opened in recent years in the South Bronx; in addition, a La Quinta Inn that has been proposed for the Mott Haven waterfront. The Kingsbridge Armory, often cited as the largest armory in the world, is scheduled for redevelopment as the Kingsbridge National Ice Center. Under consideration for future development is the construction of a platform over the New York City Subway's Concourse Yard adjacent to Lehman College. The construction would permit approximately 2,000,000 square feet (190,000 m2) of development and would cost US$350–500 million.

qas: question: What's on the other side of the Hudson from the Bronx?
answers: text: Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs

question: What county is Tenafly in?
answers: text: Bergen County

question: What state is Alpine in?
answers: text: New Jersey

question: What's on the other side of the Harlem River from the Bronx?
answers: text: Manhattan

question: What's on the other side of the East River from the Bronx?
answers: text: Queens
context: The Bronx is almost entirely situated on the North American mainland. The Hudson River separates the Bronx on the west from Alpine, Tenafly and Englewood Cliffs in Bergen County, New Jersey; the Harlem River separates it from the island of Manhattan to the southwest; the East River separates it from Queens to the southeast; and to the east, Long Island Sound separates it from Nassau County in western Long Island. Directly north of the Bronx are (from west to east) the adjoining Westchester County communities of Yonkers, Mount Vernon, Pelham Manor and New Rochelle. (There is also a short southern land boundary with Marble Hill in the Borough of Manhattan, over the filled-in former course of the Spuyten Duyvil Creek. Marble Hill's postal ZIP code, telephonic Area Code and fire service, however, are shared with the Bronx and not Manhattan.)

qas: question: Where is the Bronx's highest point?
answers: text: in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School

question: What part of the Bronx formerly a salt marsh?
answers: text: southeastern

question: What are the Bronx's four low peninsulas?
answers: text: Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throg's Neck

question: What is Rodman's Neck between?
answers: text: Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island

question: How long is the Bronx's shoreline?
answers: text: 75 square miles
context: The Bronx's highest elevation at 280 feet (85 m) is in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School. The opposite (southeastern) side of the Bronx has four large low peninsulas or "necks" of low-lying land that jut into the waters of the East River and were once salt marsh: Hunt's Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck and Throg's Neck. Further up the coastline, Rodman's Neck lies between Pelham Bay Park in the northeast and City Island. The Bronx's irregular shoreline extends for 75 square miles (194 km2).

qas: question: When did NYC buy land for its parks?
answers: text: 1888

question: How many types of trees are in Crotona Park?
answers: text: 28

question: How large is Crotona Park's lake?
answers: text: 3.3-acre

question: When was the Jerome Park Reservoir built?
answers: text: in the 1890s

question: What do the NY Botanical Gardens preserve?
answers: text: the last patch of the original hemlock forest that once covered the entire county
context: The northern side of the borough includes the largest park in New York City—Pelham Bay Park, which includes Orchard Beach—and the fourth largest, Van Cortlandt Park, which is west of Woodlawn Cemetery and borders Yonkers. Also in the northern Bronx, Wave Hill, the former estate of George W. Perkins—known for a historic house, gardens, changing site-specific art installations and concerts—overlooks the New Jersey Palisades from a promontory on the Hudson in Riverdale. Nearer the borough's center, and along the Bronx River, is Bronx Park; its northern end houses the New York Botanical Gardens, which preserve the last patch of the original hemlock forest that once covered the entire county, and its southern end the Bronx Zoo, the largest urban zoological gardens in the United States. Just south of Van Cortlandt Park is the Jerome Park Reservoir, surrounded by 2 miles (3 km) of stone walls and bordering several small parks in the Bedford Park neighborhood; the reservoir was built in the 1890s on the site of the former Jerome Park Racetrack. Further south is Crotona Park, home to a 3.3-acre (1.3 ha) lake, 28 species of trees, and a large swimming pool. The land for these parks, and many others, was bought by New York City in 1888, while land was still open and inexpensive, in anticipation of future needs and future pressures for development.

qas: question: What is Screvin's Neck also called?
answers: text: Castle Hill Point

question: In what river does the Bronx have 4 peninsulas?
answers: text: East River

question: What is NYC's largest park?
answers: text: Pelham Bay Park

question: Where is Pelham Bay Park?
answers: text: along the Westchester-Bronx border
context: East of the Bronx River, the borough is relatively flat and includes four large low peninsulas, or 'necks,' of low-lying land which jut into the waters of the East River and were once saltmarsh: Hunts Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck (Castle Hill Point) and Throgs Neck. The East Bronx has older tenement buildings, low income public housing complexes, and multifamily homes, as well as single family homes. It includes New York City's largest park: Pelham Bay Park along the Westchester-Bronx border.

qas: question: What parts of the Bronx have more hills?
answers: text: western

question: What parts of West Bronx are more affluent?
answers: text: Riverdale and Fieldston.

question: What is NYC's 4th-largest park?
answers: text: Van Cortlandt Park

question: Where is Van Cortlandt Park?
answers: text: along the Westchester-Bronx border

question: What is the Grand Concourse?
answers: text: a wide boulevard
context: The western parts of the Bronx are hillier and are dominated by a series of parallel ridges, running south to north. The West Bronx has older apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, multifamily homes in its lower income areas as well as larger single family homes in more affluent areas such as Riverdale and Fieldston. It includes New York City's fourth largest park: Van Cortlandt Park along the Westchester-Bronx border. The Grand Concourse, a wide boulevard, runs through it, north to south.

qas: question: Why has the supposed size of the 'South Bronx' grown?
answers: text: The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places

question: When was Fordham Road being used as the limit of the South Bronx area?
answers: text: by the 2000s

question: Which river is the eastern edge of the South Bronx?
answers: text: The Bronx River

question: Which stadium is in the South Bronx?
answers: text: Yankee Stadium

question: Which direction does the Cross Bronx Expressway run through the South Bronx?
answers: text: east to west
context: Like other neighborhoods in New York City, the South Bronx has no official boundaries. The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places so that by the 2000s Fordham Road was often used as a northern limit. The Bronx River more consistently forms an eastern boundary. The South Bronx has many high-density apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, and multi-unit homes. The South Bronx is home to the Bronx County Courthouse, Borough Hall, and other government buildings, as well as Yankee Stadium. The Cross Bronx Expressway bisects it, east to west. The South Bronx has some of the poorest neighborhoods in the country, as well as very high crime areas.

qas: question: What in the Bronx has been compared to Broadway?
answers: text: The Hub

question: What is the main retail area of the South Bronx?
answers: text: The Hub–Third Avenue Business Improvement District

question: Which streets demarcate The Hub BID?
answers: text: East 149th Street, Willis, Melrose and Third Avenues

question: What is The Hub's nickname?
answers: text: "the Broadway of the Bronx"

question: What shape is The Hub?
answers: text: bow-tie
context: There are three primary shopping centers in the Bronx: The Hub, Gateway Center and Southern Boulevard. The Hub–Third Avenue Business Improvement District (B.I.D.), in The Hub, is the retail heart of the South Bronx, located where four roads converge: East 149th Street, Willis, Melrose and Third Avenues. It is primarily located inside the neighborhood of Melrose but also lines the northern border of Mott Haven. The Hub has been called "the Broadway of the Bronx", being likened to the real Broadway in Manhattan and the northwestern Bronx. It is the site of both maximum traffic and architectural density. In configuration, it resembles a miniature Times Square, a spatial "bow-tie" created by the geometry of the street. The Hub is part of Bronx Community Board 1.

qas: question: How much land was the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market built on?
answers: text: 17 acres

question: How much did the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market cost?
answers: text: $500 million

question: How many floors does the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market's parking garage have?
answers: text: six

question: How many cars can the Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market's parking garage hold?
answers: text: 2,600
context: The Gateway Center at Bronx Terminal Market, in the West Bronx, is a shopping center that encompasses less than one million square feet of retail space, built on a 17 acres (7 ha) site that formerly held the Bronx Terminal Market, a wholesale fruit and vegetable market as well as the former Bronx House of Detention, south of Yankee Stadium. The $500 million shopping center, which was completed in 2009, saw the construction of new buildings and two smaller buildings, one new and the other a renovation of an existing building that was part of the original market. The two main buildings are linked by a six-level garage for 2,600 cars. The center has earned itself a LEED "Silver" designation in its design.

qas: question: What part of Manhattan are the West Bronx's streets similar to?
answers: text: northernmost part of upper Manhattan

question: What is the lowest street number seen in the Bronx?
answers: text: 132nd

question: What was the Bronx called in the mid-19th century?
answers: text: the Northside

question: When was the Bronx added to NYC?
answers: text: the mid-19th century
context: The Bronx street grid is irregular. Like the northernmost part of upper Manhattan, the West Bronx's hilly terrain leaves a relatively free-style street grid. Much of the West Bronx's street numbering carries over from upper Manhattan, but does not match it exactly; East 132nd Street is the lowest numbered street in the Bronx. This dates from the mid-19th century when the southwestern area of Westchester County west of the Bronx River, was incorporated into New York City and known as the Northside.

qas: question: How much of the Bronx's population is Hispanic?
answers: text: 53.5%

question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic Black?
answers: text: 30.1%

question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic White?
answers: text: 10.9%

question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic Asian?
answers: text: 3.4%

question: How much of the Bronx's population is non-Hispanic multiracial?
answers: text: 1.2%
context: According to the 2010 Census, 53.5% of Bronx's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race); 30.1% non-Hispanic Black or African American, 10.9% of the population was non-Hispanic White, 3.4% non-Hispanic Asian, 0.6% from some other race (non-Hispanic) and 1.2% of two or more races (non-Hispanic). The U.S. Census considers the Bronx to be the most diverse area in the country. There is an 89.7 percent chance that any two residents, chosen at random, would be of different race or ethnicity.

qas: question: How much of the Bronx speaks Spanish at home?
answers: text: 46.29%

question: How much of the Bronx speaks English at home?
answers: text: 44.02%

question: How much of the Bronx speaks African languages at home?
answers: text: 2.48%

question: How much of the Bronx speaks French at home?
answers: text: 0.91%

question: How much of the Bronx speaks Chinese at home?
answers: text: 0.50%
context: As of 2010, 46.29% (584,463) of Bronx residents aged five and older spoke Spanish at home, while 44.02% (555,767) spoke English, 2.48% (31,361) African languages, 0.91% (11,455) French, 0.90% (11,355) Italian, 0.87% (10,946) various Indic languages, 0.70% (8,836) other Indo-European languages, and Chinese was spoken at home by 0.50% (6,610) of the population over the age of five. In total, 55.98% (706,783) of the Bronx's population age five and older spoke a language at home other than English. A Garifuna-speaking community from Honduras and Guatemala also makes the Bronx its home.

qas: question: How much of the Bronx is white (including Hispanic) as of 2009?
answers: text: 22.9%

question: How much of the Bronx was non-Hispanic white as of 1980?
answers: text: 12.1%

question: How much of the Bronx was non-Hispanic white as of 2009?
answers: text: 34.4%

question: How many white people live in the Bronx?
answers: text: 320,640

question: How many non-Hispanic white people live in the Bronx?
answers: text: 168,570
context: According to the 2009 American Community Survey, White Americans of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-fifth (22.9%) of the Bronx's population. However, non-Hispanic whites formed under one-eighth (12.1%) of the population, down from 34.4% in 1980. Out of all five boroughs, the Bronx has the lowest number and percentage of white residents. 320,640 whites called the Bronx home, of which 168,570 were non-Hispanic whites. The majority of the non-Hispanic European American population is of Italian and Irish descent. People of Italian descent numbered over 55,000 individuals and made up 3.9% of the population. People of Irish descent numbered over 43,500 individuals and made up 3.1% of the population. German Americans and Polish Americans made up 1.4% and 0.8% of the population respectively.

qas: question: How much of the Bronx's population is black (including Hispanic)?
answers: text: 35.4%

question: How much of the Bronx's population is black (not including Hispanic)?
answers: text: 30.8%

question: How many Bronx residents called themselves "Sub-Saharan African" in 2009?
answers: text: Over 61,000

question: What percent of Bronx residents called themselves "Sub-Saharan African" in 2009?
answers: text: 4.4%

question: How many people in the Bronx are black (not including Hispanic)?
answers: text: 430,600
context: At the 2009 American Community Survey, Black Americans made the second largest group in the Bronx after Hispanics and Latinos. Blacks of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-third (35.4%) of the Bronx's population. Blacks of non-Hispanic origin made up 30.8% of the population. Over 495,200 blacks resided in the borough, of which 430,600 were non-Hispanic blacks. Over 61,000 people identified themselves as "Sub-Saharan African" in the survey, making up 4.4% of the population.

qas: question: What percent of the Bronx is Hispanic and Latino Americans?
answers: text: 52.0%

question: What percent of the Bronx is Puerto Rican?
answers: text: 23.2%

question: What percent of the Bronx is Mexican?
answers: text: 5.2%

question: What percent of the Bronx is Cuban?
answers: text: 0.7%

question: What percent of the Bronx is Asian?
answers: text: 3.6%
context: In 2009, Hispanic and Latino Americans represented 52.0% of the Bronx's population. Puerto Ricans represented 23.2% of the borough's population. Over 72,500 Mexicans lived in the Bronx, and they formed 5.2% of the population. Cubans numbered over 9,640 members and formed 0.7% of the population. In addition, over 319,000 people were of various Hispanic and Latino groups, such as Dominican, Salvadoran, and so on. These groups collectively represented 22.9% of the population. At the 2010 Census, 53.5% of Bronx's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race). Asian Americans are a small but sizable minority in the borough. Roughly 49,600 Asians make up 3.6% of the population. Roughly 13,600 Indians call the Bronx home, along with 9,800 Chinese, 6,540 Filipinos, 2,260 Vietnamese, 2,010 Koreans, and 1,100 Japanese.

qas: question: How many multiracial people live in the Bronx?
answers: text: over 41,800

question: What percent of the Bronx is multiracial?
answers: text: 3.0%

question: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and African American heritage?
answers: text: 0.5%

question: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage?
answers: text: 0.2%

question: What percent of the Bronx has mixed Caucasian and Asian heritage?
answers: text: 0.1%
context: Multiracial Americans are also a sizable minority in the Bronx. People of multiracial heritage number over 41,800 individuals and represent 3.0% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and African American heritage number over 6,850 members and form 0.5% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Native American heritage number over 2,450 members and form 0.2% of the population. People of mixed Caucasian and Asian heritage number over 880 members and form 0.1% of the population. People of mixed African American and Native American heritage number over 1,220 members and form 0.1% of the population.

qas: question: When was the 'one man, one vote' decision?
answers: text: 1964

question: Which amendment contains the Equal Protection Clause?
answers: text: Fourteenth

question: When were Borough Presidents created?
answers: text: 1898

question: When was the Board of Estimate found unconstitutional?
answers: text: 1989

question: Why was the Board of Estimate found unconstitutional?
answers: text: Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island, the least populous borough
context: The office of Borough President was created in the consolidation of 1898 to balance centralization with local authority. Each borough president had a powerful administrative role derived from having a vote on the New York City Board of Estimate, which was responsible for creating and approving the city's budget and proposals for land use. In 1989 the Supreme Court of the United States declared the Board of Estimate unconstitutional on the grounds that Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island, the least populous borough, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause pursuant to the high court's 1964 "one man, one vote" decision.

qas: question: When did Carrion Jr. retire as Borough President?
answers: text: March 1, 2009

question: When was Carrion Jr. first elected Borough President?
answers: text: 2001

question: When was Carrion Jr. re-elected Borough President?
answers: text: 2005

question: Who succeeded Carrion Jr.?
answers: text: Rubén Díaz, Jr.

question: When was Diaz Jr. elected?
answers: text: April 21, 2009
context: Until March 1, 2009, the Borough President of the Bronx was Adolfo Carrión Jr., elected as a Democrat in 2001 and 2005 before retiring early to direct the White House Office of Urban Affairs Policy. His successor, Democratic New York State Assembly member Rubén Díaz, Jr., who won a special election on April 21, 2009 by a vote of 86.3% (29,420) on the "Bronx Unity" line to 13.3% (4,646) for the Republican district leader Anthony Ribustello on the "People First" line, became Borough President on May 1.

qas: question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Clinton get?
answers: text: 61.2%

question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Obama get?
answers: text: 37.8%

question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did McCain get?
answers: text: 54.4%

question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Romney get?
answers: text: 20.8%

question: In the 2008 primary, how much of the Bronx vote did Huckabee get?
answers: text: 8.2%
context: In the Presidential primary elections of February 5, 2008, Sen. Clinton won 61.2% of the Bronx's 148,636 Democratic votes against 37.8% for Barack Obama and 1.0% for the other four candidates combined (John Edwards, Dennis Kucinich, Bill Richardson and Joe Biden). On the same day, John McCain won 54.4% of the borough's 5,643 Republican votes, Mitt Romney 20.8%, Mike Huckabee 8.2%, Ron Paul 7.4%, Rudy Giuliani 5.6%, and the other candidates (Fred Thompson, Duncan Hunter and Alan Keyes) 3.6% between them.

qas: question: Who did the Bronx support for President in 1928?
answers: text: Al Smith

question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Hughes get?
answers: text: 42.6%

question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Wilson get?
answers: text: 42.6%

question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1916 did Benson get?
answers: text: 7.3%

question: How much of the Bronx's vote in 1948 did Truman get?
answers: text: 55%
context: Since then, the Bronx has always supported the Democratic Party's nominee for President, starting with a vote of 2-1 for the unsuccessful Al Smith in 1928, followed by four 2-1 votes for the successful Franklin D. Roosevelt. (Both had been Governors of New York, but Republican former Gov. Thomas E. Dewey won only 28% of the Bronx's vote in 1948 against 55% for Pres. Harry Truman, the winning Democrat, and 17% for Henry A. Wallace of the Progressives. It was only 32 years earlier, by contrast, that another Republican former Governor who narrowly lost the Presidency, Charles Evans Hughes, had won 42.6% of the Bronx's 1916 vote against Democratic President Woodrow Wilson's 49.8% and Socialist candidate Allan Benson's 7.3%.)

qas: question: Who was the only Republican Mayor candidate to win the Bronx since 1914?
answers: text: Fiorello La Guardia

question: Who did the Bronx vote against for mayor in 1997?
answers: text: Rudolph Giuliani

question: Who did the Bronx vote against for mayor in 2005?
answers: text: Michael Bloomberg

question: What party was Hillquit?
answers: text: Socialist

question: How much of the Bronx vote did Hillquit get in 1917?
answers: text: over 31%
context: The Bronx has often shown striking differences from other boroughs in elections for Mayor. The only Republican to carry the Bronx since 1914 was Fiorello La Guardia in 1933, 1937 and 1941 (and in the latter two elections, only because his 30-32% vote on the American Labor Party line was added to 22-23% as a Republican). The Bronx was thus the only borough not carried by the successful Republican re-election campaigns of Mayors Rudolph Giuliani in 1997 and Michael Bloomberg in 2005. The anti-war Socialist campaign of Morris Hillquit in the 1917 mayoral election won over 31% of the Bronx's vote, putting him second and well ahead of the 20% won by the incumbent pro-war Fusion Mayor John P. Mitchel, who came in second (ahead of Hillquit) everywhere else and outpolled Hillquit city-wide by 23.2% to 21.7%.

qas: question: How many students attended the Bronx public noncharter schools as of 2000?
answers: text: nearly 280,000

question: How many students attended the Bronx public and private schools as of 2000?
answers: text: 333,100

question: Which religious organizations run private schools in the Bronx?
answers: text: the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York and Jewish organizations

question: Which entity runs the Bronx's public noncharter schools?
answers: text: The New York City Department of Education
context: Education in the Bronx is provided by a large number of public and private institutions, many of which draw students who live beyond the Bronx. The New York City Department of Education manages public noncharter schools in the borough. In 2000, public schools enrolled nearly 280,000 of the Bronx's residents over 3 years old (out of 333,100 enrolled in all pre-college schools). There are also several public charter schools. Private schools range from élite independent schools to religiously affiliated schools run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York and Jewish organizations.

qas: question: What percent of the Bronx population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?
answers: text: 62.3%

question: What percent of the Bronx population has a university degree, as of 2000?
answers: text: 14.6%

question: What percent of the Brooklyn population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?
answers: text: 68.8%

question: What percent of the Staten Island population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?
answers: text: 82.6%

question: What percent of the Manhattan population has a university degree, as of 2000?
answers: text: 49.4%
context: Educational attainment: In 2000, according to the U.S. Census, out of the nearly 800,000 people in the Bronx who were then at least 25 years old, 62.3% had graduated from high school and 14.6% held a bachelor's or higher college degree. These percentages were lower than those for New York's other boroughs, which ranged from 68.8% (Brooklyn) to 82.6% (Staten Island) for high school graduates over 24, and from 21.8% (Brooklyn) to 49.4% (Manhattan) for college graduates. (The respective state and national percentages were [NY] 79.1% & 27.4% and [US] 80.4% & 24.4%.)

qas: question: Which of NYC's prestigious nonreligious private schools are in the Bronx?
answers: text: Fieldston, Horace Mann, and Riverdale Country School

question: Where is the High School for Violin and Dance?
answers: text: The Bronx

question: Where is the Validus Prepatory Academy?
answers: text: The Bronx

question: Where is the School for Excellence?
answers: text: The Bronx

question: Where is the DeWitt Clinton High School?
answers: text: The Bronx
context: Many public high schools are located in the borough including the elite Bronx High School of Science, Celia Cruz Bronx High School of Music, DeWitt Clinton High School, High School for Violin and Dance, Bronx Leadership Academy 2, Bronx International High School, the School for Excellence, the Morris Academy for Collaborative Study, Wings Academy for young adults, The Bronx School for Law, Government and Justice, Validus Preparatory Academy, The Eagle Academy For Young Men, Bronx Expeditionary Learning High School, Bronx Academy of Letters, Herbert H. Lehman High School and High School of American Studies. The Bronx is also home to three of New York City's most prestigious private, secular schools: Fieldston, Horace Mann, and Riverdale Country School.

qas: question: When did NYC begin splitting up the large Bronx high schools?
answers: text: 1990s

question: Which Bronx schools have been closed or made smaller?
answers: text: John F. Kennedy, James Monroe, Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, Adlai Stevenson, Evander Childs, Christopher Columbus, Morris, Walton, and South Bronx High Schools

question: What type of schools is NYC now working on shrinking?
answers: text: large middle schools
context: In the 1990s, New York City began closing the large, public high schools in the Bronx and replacing them with small high schools. Among the reasons cited for the changes were poor graduation rates and concerns about safety. Schools that have been closed or reduced in size include John F. Kennedy, James Monroe, Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, Adlai Stevenson, Evander Childs, Christopher Columbus, Morris, Walton, and South Bronx High Schools. More recently the City has started phasing out large middle schools, also replacing them with smaller schools.

qas: question: When did a PBS documentary air about the Bronx's music history?
answers: text: 2006

question: What PBS documentary covered the Bronx's music history?
answers: text: "From Mambo to Hip Hop: A South Bronx Tale"

question: Where did DJ Kool Herc hold parties?
answers: text: 1520 Sedgwick Avenue

question: Who produced 'From Mambo To Hip Hop'?
answers: text: City Lore

question: Where is 1520 Sedgwick?
answers: text: just north of the Cross Bronx Expressway and hard along the Major Deegan Expressway
context: The Bronx's evolution from a hot bed of Latin jazz to an incubator of hip hop was the subject of an award-winning documentary, produced by City Lore and broadcast on PBS in 2006, "From Mambo to Hip Hop: A South Bronx Tale". Hip Hop first emerged in the South Bronx in the early 1970s. The New York Times has identified 1520 Sedgwick Avenue "an otherwise unremarkable high-rise just north of the Cross Bronx Expressway and hard along the Major Deegan Expressway" as a starting point, where DJ Kool Herc presided over parties in the community room.

qas: question: Who were the Herculoids?
answers: text: Herc, Coke La Rock, and DJ Clark Kent

question: What is 'The Boogie Down'?
answers: text: The Bronx

question: Where is Big Pun from?
answers: text: the Bronx

question: What types of music did hip hop emerge from?
answers: text: funk, disco and soul

question: Who started BDP?
answers: text: KRS-One
context: Beginning with the advent of beat match DJing, in which Bronx DJs (Disc Jockeys) including Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa and DJ Kool Herc extended the breaks of funk records, a major new musical genre emerged that sought to isolate the percussion breaks of hit funk, disco and soul songs. As hip hop's popularity grew, performers began speaking ("rapping") in sync with the beats, and became known as MCs or emcees. The Herculoids, made up of Herc, Coke La Rock, and DJ Clark Kent, were the earliest to gain major fame. The Bronx is referred to in hip-hop slang as "The Boogie Down Bronx", or just "The Boogie Down". This was hip-hop pioneer KRS-One's inspiration for his thought provoking group BDP, or Boogie Down Productions, which included DJ Scott La Rock. Newer hip hop artists from the Bronx include Big Pun, Lord Toriq and Peter Gunz, Camp Lo, Swizz Beatz, Drag-On, Fat Joe, Terror Squad and Corey Gunz.

qas: question: When did the first Yankee Stadium open?
answers: text: 1923

question: Where was the first Yankee Stadium?
answers: text: on 161st Street and River Avenue

question: How many times have the Yankees won the World Series?
answers: text: 27

question: Which historic great players have played at Yankee Stadium?
answers: text: Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Whitey Ford, Yogi Berra, Mickey Mantle, Reggie Jackson, Derek Jeter and Mariano Rivera

question: What league are the NY Yankees in?
answers: text: Major League Baseball
context: The Bronx is the home of the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball. The original Yankee Stadium opened in 1923 on 161st Street and River Avenue, a year that saw the Yankees bring home their first of 27 World Series Championships. With the famous facade, the short right field porch and Monument Park, Yankee Stadium has been home to many of baseball's greatest players including Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Whitey Ford, Yogi Berra, Mickey Mantle, Reggie Jackson, Derek Jeter and Mariano Rivera.

qas: question: Where are many of the Bronx's playwrights from?
answers: text: Latin America and Africa

question: How many seats does the Pregones' new theater have?
answers: text: 130

question: What does the Pregones specialize in?
answers: text: Latin American work

question: When did the Pregones' new theater open?
answers: text: 2005

question: Where is the Pregones' new theater?
answers: text: on Walton Avenue in the South Bronx
context: The Bronx is home to several Off-Off-Broadway theaters, many staging new works by immigrant playwrights from Latin America and Africa. The Pregones Theater, which produces Latin American work, opened a new 130-seat theater in 2005 on Walton Avenue in the South Bronx. Some artists from elsewhere in New York City have begun to converge on the area, and housing prices have nearly quadrupled in the area since 2002. However rising prices directly correlate to a housing shortage across the city and the entire metro area.

qas: question: When did the Bronx Museum of the Arts open?
answers: text: 1971

question: What types of art does the Bronx Museum of the Arts focus on?
answers: text: 20th century and contemporary art

question: How large are the Bronx Museum of the Arts' galleries?
answers: text: 11,000 square feet

question: How many works are in the Bronx Museum of the Arts' permanent collection?
answers: text: more than 800

question: Who designed the Bronx Museum of the Arts' 2006 expansion?
answers: text: Arquitectonica
context: The Bronx Museum of the Arts, founded in 1971, exhibits 20th century and contemporary art through its central museum space and 11,000 square feet (1,000 m2) of galleries. Many of its exhibitions are on themes of special interest to the Bronx. Its permanent collection features more than 800 works of art, primarily by artists from Africa, Asia and Latin America, including paintings, photographs, prints, drawings, and mixed media. The museum was temporarily closed in 2006 while it underwent a major expansion designed by the architectural firm Arquitectonica.

qas: question: When was the Lorelei Fountain written about?
answers: text: 1838

question: Where was Heinrich Heine born?
answers: text: Düsseldorf

question: When was Heine born?
answers: text: 1797

question: When did Heine die?
answers: text: 1856

question: What ethnicity is Carl Schurz?
answers: text: German-American
context: The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute, in the form of the Heinrich Heine Memorial, better known as the Lorelei Fountain from one of Heine's best-known works (1838). After Heine's German birthplace of Düsseldorf had rejected, allegedly for anti-Semitic motives, a centennial monument to the radical German-Jewish poet (1797–1856), his incensed German-American admirers, including Carl Schurz, started a movement to place one instead in Midtown Manhattan, at Fifth Avenue and 59th Street. However, this intention was thwarted by a combination of ethnic antagonism, aesthetic controversy and political struggles over the institutional control of public art.

qas: question: When did Herter die?
answers: text: 1917

question: When was Herter born?
answers: text: 1846

question: What was Herter's career?
answers: text: sculptor

question: Where was Herter's Heine memorial placed in 1899?
answers: text: 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park

question: Where was Herter's Heine memorial moved in 1999?
answers: text: 161st Street and the Concourse
context: In 1899, the memorial, by the Berlin sculptor Ernst Gustav Herter (1846–1917), finally came to rest, although subject to repeated vandalism, in the Bronx, at 164th Street and the Grand Concourse, or Joyce Kilmer Park near today's Yankee Stadium. (In 1999, it was moved to 161st Street and the Concourse.) In 2007, Christopher Gray of The New York Times described it as "a writhing composition in white Tyrolean marble depicting Lorelei, the mythical German figure, surrounded by mermaids, dolphins and seashells."

qas: question: Who designed the City Island Historical Society and Nautical Museum's building?
answers: text: C. B. J. Snyder

question: What was the City Island Historical Society and Nautical Museum's building originally?
answers: text: a former public school

question: Where is the NY Maritime College?
answers: text: Fort Schuyler

question: What is 'Scullers' Row'?
answers: text: the Harlem River

question: Which river is near the New York Botanical Gardens?
answers: text: Bronx River
context: The peninsular borough's maritime heritage is acknowledged in several ways.The City Island Historical Society and Nautical Museum occupies a former public school designed by the New York City school system's turn-of-the-last-century master architect C. B. J. Snyder. The state's Maritime College in Fort Schuyler (on the southeastern shore) houses the Maritime Industry Museum. In addition, the Harlem River is reemerging as "Scullers' Row" due in large part to the efforts of the Bronx River Restoration Project, a joint public-private endeavor of the city's parks department. Canoeing and kayaking on the borough's namesake river have been promoted by the Bronx River Alliance. The river is also straddled by the New York Botanical Gardens, its neighbor, the Bronx Zoo, and a little further south, on the west shore, Bronx River Art Center.

qas: question: What does the Inner City Press now focus on?
answers: text: national issues

question: Who is the Riverdale Press's editor?
answers: text: Bernard Stein

question: When did Stein win a Pulitzer?
answers: text: 1998

question: Why did Stein win a Pulitzer?
answers: text: for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues

question: Where did Stein graduate from?
answers: text: the Bronx High School of Science
context: The Bronx has several local newspapers, including The Bronx News, Parkchester News, City News, The Riverdale Press, Riverdale Review, The Bronx Times Reporter, Inner City Press  (which now has more of a focus on national issues) and Co-Op City Times. Four non-profit news outlets, Norwood News, Mount Hope Monitor, Mott Haven Herald and The Hunts Point Express serve the borough's poorer communities. The editor and co-publisher of The Riverdale Press, Bernard Stein, won the Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues in 1998. (Stein graduated from the Bronx High School of Science in 1959.)

qas: question: Where is the official city TV station broadcast from?
answers: text: Bronx Community College

question: What channel in the Bronx does Cablevision run?
answers: text: News 12 The Bronx

question: What is the Bronx's only 4-year CUNY college?
answers: text: Herbert H. Lehman College
context: The City of New York has an official television station run by the NYC Media Group and broadcasting from Bronx Community College, and Cablevision operates News 12 The Bronx, both of which feature programming based in the Bronx. Co-op City was the first area in the Bronx, and the first in New York beyond Manhattan, to have its own cable television provider. The local public-access television station BronxNet originates from Herbert H. Lehman College, the borough's only four year CUNY school, and provides government-access television (GATV) public affairs programming in addition to programming produced by Bronx residents.

qas: question: When was 'From This Day Forward' released?
answers: text: 1946

question: Where was 'From This Day Forward' set?
answers: text: Highbridge

question: When was 'The Catered Affair' released?
answers: text: 1956

question: What did 'The Catered Affair' explore?
answers: text: working class Bronx life

question: What was 'Summer of Sam' about?
answers: text: an Italian-American Bronx community
context: Mid-20th century movies set in the Bronx portrayed densely settled, working-class, urban culture. Hollywood films such as From This Day Forward (1946), set in Highbridge, occasionally delved into Bronx life. Paddy Chayefsky's Academy Award-winning Marty was the most notable examination of working class Bronx life was also explored by Chayefsky in his 1956 film The Catered Affair, and in the 1993 Robert De Niro/Chazz Palminteri film, A Bronx Tale, Spike Lee's 1999 movie Summer of Sam, centered in an Italian-American Bronx community, 1994's I Like It Like That that takes place in the predominantly Puerto Rican neighborhood of the South Bronx, and Doughboys, the story of two Italian-American brothers in danger of losing their bakery thanks to one brother's gambling debts.

qas: question: Where was arson a big problem in the Bronx?
answers: text: the South Bronx

question: When was the phrase "The Bronx is burning" first widespread?
answers: text: 1974

question: Who made a documentary called "The Bronx is burning"?
answers: text: BBC

question: Who published an editorial called "The Bronx is burning"?
answers: text: New York Times

question: Who made a film called 'Bronx Burning'?
answers: text: Edwin Pagan
context: Starting in the 1970s, the Bronx often symbolized violence, decay, and urban ruin. The wave of arson in the South Bronx in the 1960s and 1970s inspired the observation that "The Bronx is burning": in 1974 it was the title of both a New York Times editorial and a BBC documentary film. The line entered the pop-consciousness with Game Two of the 1977 World Series, when a fire broke out near Yankee Stadium as the team was playing the Los Angeles Dodgers. Numerous fires had previously broken out in the Bronx prior to this fire. As the fire was captured on live television, announcer Howard Cosell is wrongly remembered to have said something like, "There it is, ladies and gentlemen: the Bronx is burning". Historians of New York City frequently point to Cosell's remark as an acknowledgement of both the city and the borough's decline. A new feature-length documentary film by Edwin Pagan called Bronx Burning is in production in 2006, chronicling what led up to the numerous arson-for-insurance fraud fires of the 1970s in the borough.

qas: question: When was 'The Wanderers' published?
answers: text: 1974

question: When was 'The Wanderers' movie released?
answers: text: 1979

question: When was 'The Warriors' movie released?
answers: text: 1979

question: When was 'A Bronx Tale' released?
answers: text: 1993
context: Bronx gang life was depicted in the 1974 novel The Wanderers by Bronx native Richard Price and the 1979 movie of the same name. They are set in the heart of the Bronx, showing apartment life and the then-landmark Krums ice cream parlor. In the 1979 film The Warriors, the eponymous gang go to a meeting in Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx, and have to fight their way out of the borough and get back to Coney Island in Brooklyn. A Bronx Tale (1993) depicts gang activities in the Belmont "Little Italy" section of the Bronx. The 2005 video game adaptation features levels called Pelham, Tremont, and "Gunhill" (a play off the name Gun Hill Road). This theme lends itself to the title of The Bronx Is Burning, an eight-part ESPN TV mini-series (2007) about the New York Yankees' drive to winning baseball's 1977 World Series. The TV series emphasizes the boisterous nature of the team, led by manager Billy Martin, catcher Thurman Munson and outfielder Reggie Jackson, as well as the malaise of the Bronx and New York City in general during that time, such as the blackout, the city's serious financial woes and near bankruptcy, the arson for insurance payments, and the election of Ed Koch as mayor.

qas: question: When was 'Fort Apache' released?
answers: text: 1981

question: When was 'Fuga dal Bronx' released?
answers: text: 2005

question: What origin was 'Escape 2000'?
answers: text: Italian
context: The 1981 film Fort Apache, The Bronx is another film that used the Bronx's gritty image for its storyline. The movie's title is from the nickname for the 41st Police Precinct in the South Bronx which was nicknamed "Fort Apache". Also from 1981 is the horror film Wolfen making use of the rubble of the Bronx as a home for werewolf type creatures. Knights of the South Bronx, a true story of a teacher who worked with disadvantaged children, is another film also set in the Bronx released in 2005. The Bronx was the setting for the 1983 film Fuga dal Bronx, also known as Bronx Warriors 2 and Escape 2000, an Italian B-movie best known for its appearance on the television series Mystery Science Theatre 3000. The plot revolves around a sinister construction corporation's plans to depopulate, destroy and redevelop the Bronx, and a band of rebels who are out to expose the corporation's murderous ways and save their homes. The film is memorable for its almost incessant use of the phrase, "Leave the Bronx!" Many of the movie's scenes were filmed in Queens, substituting as the Bronx. Rumble in the Bronx was a 1995 Jackie Chan kung-fu film, another which popularised the Bronx to international audiences. Last Bronx, a 1996 Sega game played on the bad reputation of the Bronx to lend its name to an alternate version of post-Japanese bubble Tokyo, where crime and gang warfare is rampant.

qas: question: When was 'True Love' released?
answers: text: 1989

question: What genre was 'True Love'?
answers: text: comedy

question: Who starred in 'True Love'?
answers: text: Annabella Sciorra and Ron Eldard
context: Bronx native Nancy Savoca's 1989 comedy, True Love, explores two Italian-American Bronx sweethearts in the days before their wedding. The film, which debuted Annabella Sciorra and Ron Eldard as the betrothed couple, won the Grand Jury Prize at that year's Sundance Film Festival. The CBS television sitcom Becker, 1998–2004, was more ambiguous. The show starred Ted Danson as Dr. John Becker, a doctor who operated a small practice and was constantly annoyed by his patients, co-workers, friends, and practically everything and everybody else in his world. It showed his everyday life as a doctor working in a small clinic in the Bronx.

qas: question: When did "Awakenings" come out?
answers: text: 1990

question: Whose real story is 'Awakenings' based on?
answers: text: Oliver Sacks

question: What is Sacks' career?
answers: text: neurologist

question: When was 'A Kind of Alaska' performed?
answers: text: 1985

question: Who wrote 'A Kind of Alaska'?
answers: text: Harold Pinter
context: Penny Marshall's 1990 film Awakenings, which was nominated for several Oscars, is based on neurologist Oliver Sacks' 1973 account of his psychiatric patients at Beth Abraham Hospital in the Bronx who were paralyzed by a form of encephalitis but briefly responded to the drug L-dopa. Robin Williams played the physician; Robert De Niro was one of the patients who emerged from a catatonic (frozen) state. The home of Williams' character was shot not far from Sacks' actual City Island residence. A 1973 Yorkshire Television documentary and "A Kind of Alaska", a 1985 play by Harold Pinter, were also based on Sacks' book.

qas: question: When was 'City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder' published?
answers: text: 1948

question: How much of 'City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder' is set in the Bronx?
answers: text: about half

question: Who wrote 'City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder'?
answers: text: Herman Wouk

question: When was 'The Grand Concourse' published?
answers: text: 2007

question: Who wrote 'The Grand Concourse'?
answers: text: Jacob M. Appel
context: The Bronx has been featured significantly in fiction literature. All of the characters in Herman Wouk's City Boy: The Adventures of Herbie Bookbinder (1948) live in the Bronx, and about half of the action is set there. Kate Simon's Bronx Primitive: Portraits of a Childhood is directly autobiographical, a warm account of a Polish-Jewish girl in an immigrant family growing up before World War II, and living near Arthur Avenue and Tremont Avenue. In Jacob M. Appel's short story, "The Grand Concourse" (2007), a woman who grew up in the iconic Lewis Morris Building returns to the Morrisania neighborhood with her adult daughter. Similarly, in Avery Corman's book The Old Neighborhood (1980), an upper-middle class white protagonist returns to his birth neighborhood (Fordham Road and the Grand Concourse), and learns that even though the folks are poor, Hispanic and African-American, they are good people.

qas: question: Who wrote 'Bonfire of the Vanities'?
answers: text: Tom Wolfe

question: When was 'Bonfire of the Vanities' published?
answers: text: 1987

question: Who was the main character of 'Bonfire of the Vanities'?
answers: text: Sherman McCoy

question: What race was Sherman McCoy?
answers: text: white

question: Where did McCoy get lost?
answers: text: off the Major Deegan Expressway in the South Bronx
context: By contrast, Tom Wolfe's Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) portrays a wealthy, white protagonist, Sherman McCoy, getting lost off the Major Deegan Expressway in the South Bronx and having an altercation with locals. A substantial piece of the last part of the book is set in the resulting riotous trial at the Bronx County Courthouse. However, times change, and in 2007, the New York Times reported that "the Bronx neighborhoods near the site of Sherman's accident are now dotted with townhouses and apartments." In the same article, the Reverend Al Sharpton (whose fictional analogue in the novel is "Reverend Bacon") asserts that "twenty years later, the cynicism of The Bonfire of the Vanities is as out of style as Tom Wolfe's wardrobe."