Richard_Feynman

qas: question: Feynman proposed a integral model in particle physics, what was it?
answers: text: parton model

question: Who were the two men that won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Feynman?
answers: text: Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga

question: In what year did Feynman win his Nobel Prize?
answers: text: 1965

question: Feynman was famous for diagrams that showed how subatomic particles behaved, what are these known as?
answers: text: Feynman diagrams

question: What honor did Feynman recieve in a 1999 poll conducted by British Journal Physics World?
answers: text: ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time

question: What was the disintegrated model in particle physics that Feynman proposed?

question: Who were the two women that won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Feynman?

question: What year did Feynman lose his Nobel Prize?

question: What diagrams was Feynman unknown for making?

question: What honor did Feynman recieve in a 1989 poll conducted by British Journal Physics World?
context: Richard Phillips Feynman (/ˈfaɪnmən/; May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model. For his contributions to the development of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman, jointly with Julian Schwinger and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965. He developed a widely used pictorial representation scheme for the mathematical expressions governing the behavior of subatomic particles, which later became known as Feynman diagrams. During his lifetime, Feynman became one of the best-known scientists in the world. In a 1999 poll of 130 leading physicists worldwide by the British journal Physics World he was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time.

qas: question: What was the name of Feynman's 1959 talk on nanotech?
answers: text: There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom

question: What was the name of Feynman's lectures he made as an undergraduate?
answers: text: The Feynman Lectures on Physics

question: What was the name of one of his semi-autobiographical books?
answers: text: Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!

question: What book did James Gleck write about Feynman?
answers: text: Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman

question: Feynman wrote many books and gave many ___
answers: text: lectures

question: What was the name of Feynman's 1969 talk on nanotech?

question: What was the name of Feynman's lectures he made as a graduate?

question: What was the name of one of his fiction books?

question: What book did John Gleck write about Feynman?

question: Why did Feynman lose credit for his writing?
context: Feynman was a keen popularizer of physics through both books and lectures, including a 1959 talk on top-down nanotechnology called There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, and the three-volume publication of his undergraduate lectures, The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Feynman also became known through his semi-autobiographical books Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! and What Do You Care What Other People Think? and books written about him, such as Tuva or Bust! and Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman by James Gleick.

qas: question: What was the date of Feynman's birth?
answers: text: May 11, 1918

question: In what city was Feynman born?
answers: text: New York City

question: Whats is Feynman's religious affiliation?
answers: text: atheist

question: What Jewish affiliation did his parents hold?
answers: text: Ashkenazi

question: What did Feynam think of the Talmud?
answers: text: "wonderful book" and "valuable"

question: What was the incorrect date of Feynman's birth?

question: What city was Feynman abandoned in at his birth?

question: Whats is no longer Feynman's religious affiliation?

question: What Jewish affiliation did his parents revoke?

question: What book did Feynman not encounter in a Seminary?
context: Richard Phillips Feynman was born on May 11, 1918, in Queens, New York City, the son of Lucille (née Phillips), a homemaker, and Melville Arthur Feynman, a sales manager. His family originated from Russia and Poland; both of his parents were Ashkenazi Jews. They were not religious, and by his youth Feynman described himself as an "avowed atheist". He also stated "To select, for approbation the peculiar elements that come from some supposedly Jewish heredity is to open the door to all kinds of nonsense on racial theory," and adding "... at thirteen I was not only converted to other religious views, but I also stopped believing that the Jewish people are in any way 'the chosen people'." Later in his life, during a visit to the Jewish Theological Seminary, he encountered the Talmud for the first time, and remarked that he found it a "wonderful book" and "valuable".

qas: question: What personality trait did Feynman acquire from his mother?
answers: text: humor

question: What person influenced Feynman to think deeply?
answers: text: father

question: What electronic instrument did Feynman repair as a child?
answers: text: radios

question: As a grade school child he created an electronic device while his parents were away, what was it?
answers: text: home burglar alarm system

question: What talent did Feynman have, even early in his childhood?
answers: text: engineering

question: What personality trait did Feynman hide from his mother?

question: What person influenced Feynman to think shallow?

question: What electronic instrument did Feynman break as a child?

question: What electronic device was Feynman restricted from building?

question: What talent did Feynman develop only after his childhood?
context: The young Feynman was heavily influenced by his father, who encouraged him to ask questions to challenge orthodox thinking, and who was always ready to teach Feynman something new. From his mother he gained the sense of humor that he had throughout his life. As a child, he had a talent for engineering, maintained an experimental laboratory in his home, and delighted in repairing radios. When he was in grade school, he created a home burglar alarm system while his parents were out for the day running errands.

qas: question: What happened to Feyman's younger brother?
answers: text: died at four weeks of age

question: What is Feynman's sister's name?
answers: text: Joan

question: What science displicine did Feyman encourage his sister to study?
answers: text: astronomy

question: Who was the one that pushed Joan to explore the universe?
answers: text: Richard

question: What career did Joan hold?
answers: text: astrophysicist

question: What happened to Feyman's younger parent?

question: What is Feynman's estranged sister's name?

question: What scientific discipline did Feynman discourage his sister from studying?

question: Who was the one that pushed Richard to explore the universe?

question: What career did Joan lose?
context: When Richard was five years old, his mother gave birth to a younger brother, but this brother died at four weeks of age. Four years later, Richard gained a sister, Joan, and the family moved to Far Rockaway, Queens. Though separated by nine years, Joan and Richard were close, as they both shared a natural curiosity about the world. Their mother thought that women did not have the cranial capacity to comprehend such things. Despite their mother's disapproval of Joan's desire to study astronomy, Richard encouraged his sister to explore the universe. Joan eventually became an astrophysicist specializing in interactions between the Earth and the solar wind.

qas: question: What IQ score did Feyman attain in high school?
answers: text: 123

question: What high school did Feynman go to?
answers: text: Far Rockaway High School

question: Feyman taught himself many math subjects, including Trigonometry at what age?
answers: text: 15

question: What did Feyman derive before he went to college?
answers: text: half-derivative

question: What burrough was Feynman's high school in?
answers: text: Queens

question: What IQ score did Feynman attain in middle school?

question: What high school did Feynman get expelled from?

question: What age did Feynman forget Trigonometry?

question: What did Feynman derive only after college?
context: Feynman attended Far Rockaway High School, a school in Far Rockaway, Queens also attended by fellow Nobel laureates Burton Richter and Baruch Samuel Blumberg. Upon starting high school, Feynman was quickly promoted into a higher math class. An unspecified school-administered IQ test estimated his IQ at 123—high, but "merely respectable" according to biographer James Gleick. When he turned 15, he taught himself trigonometry, advanced algebra, infinite series, analytic geometry, and both differential and integral calculus. In high school he was developing the mathematical intuition behind his Taylor series of mathematical operators. Before entering college, he was experimenting with and deriving mathematical topics such as the half-derivative using his own notation.

qas: question: Which two sections of the graduate exam did Feynman excel in?
answers: text: mathematics and physics

question: Which two sections of the graduate exam did Feynman do poorly in?
answers: text: history and English

question: What score did Feyman receive on his math and physics entrance exams?
answers: text: perfect score

question: When did he receive his PhD?
answers: text: 1942

question: What was Feynman's PhD thesis titled?
answers: text: The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics

question: Which two sections of the graduate exam did Feynman fail?

question: Which one section of the graduate exam did Feynman do well in?

question: What score did Feynman receive on his history exams?

question: When did Feynman lose his PhD?

question: What was Feynman's banned PhD thesis titled?
context: He attained a perfect score on the graduate school entrance exams to Princeton University in mathematics and physics—an unprecedented feat—but did rather poorly on the history and English portions. Attendees at Feynman's first seminar included Albert Einstein, Wolfgang Pauli, and John von Neumann. He received a PhD from Princeton in 1942; his thesis advisor was John Archibald Wheeler. Feynman's thesis applied the principle of stationary action to problems of quantum mechanics, inspired by a desire to quantize the Wheeler–Feynman absorber theory of electrodynamics, laying the groundwork for the "path integral" approach and Feynman diagrams, and was titled "The Principle of Least Action in Quantum Mechanics".

qas: question: Which weaponry research did Feynman engage in?
answers: text: Manhattan Project

question: Whose division was Feynman assigned to at the Manhattan Project?
answers: text: Hans Bethe

question: What did Feynman produce with the help of Bethe?
answers: text: Bethe–Feynman formula

question: What was the purpose of the Bethe-Feynman formula?
answers: text: calculating the yield of a fission bomb

question: Who had previously worked on fission bomb yields before Feynman?
answers: text: Robert Serber

question: Which weaponry research did Feynman oppose?

question: Whose division was Feynman restricted from at the Manhattan Project?

question: What did Feynman produce without the help of Bethe?

question: Why was the Bethe-Feynman formula unnecessary?

question: Who had never worked on fission bomb yields before Feynman?
context: At Princeton, the physicist Robert R. Wilson encouraged Feynman to participate in the Manhattan Project—the wartime U.S. Army project at Los Alamos developing the atomic bomb. Feynman said he was persuaded to join this effort to build it before Nazi Germany developed their own bomb. He was assigned to Hans Bethe's theoretical division and impressed Bethe enough to be made a group leader. He and Bethe developed the Bethe–Feynman formula for calculating the yield of a fission bomb, which built upon previous work by Robert Serber.

qas: question: Feynman used this to protect his eyes during the test detonation
answers: text: truck windshield

question: What atomic bomb test did Feynman see?
answers: text: Trinity bomb test

question: What did Feynman see after the atomic test?
answers: text: "purple splotch" afterimage

question: What did Feynman think that the truck windshield would shield him against?
answers: text: ultraviolet radiation

question: What bomb test was Feynman not present for?

question: What was invisible to Feynman after the atomic test?

question: What did Feynman think that wind would shield him against?

question: Why did Feynman decide never to have a truck?
context: He immersed himself in work on the project, and was present at the Trinity bomb test. Feynman claimed to be the only person to see the explosion without the very dark glasses or welder's lenses provided, reasoning that it was safe to look through a truck windshield, as it would screen out the harmful ultraviolet radiation. On witnessing the blast, Feynman ducked towards the floor of his truck because of the immense brightness of the explosion, where he saw a temporary "purple splotch" afterimage of the event.

qas: question: What was the Water Boiler that Feyman worked on?
answers: text: nuclear reactor

question: Where was Feyman sent after his work at Los Alamos?
answers: text: Oak Ridge facility

question: What did Feynman help produce at the Oak Ridge Facility?
answers: text: safety procedures

question: Which weapon did Feynman found to not be feasible?
answers: text: uranium hydride bomb

question: Where did Feynman work on the "Wateer Boiler"?
answers: text: Los Alamos

question: What was the Water Boiler that Feynman had no influence on?

question: Where was Feynman imprisoned after his work at Los Alamos?

question: What did Feynman help destroy at the Oak Ridge Facility?

question: Which weapon did Feynman find to be feasible?

question: Where was the "Water Boiler" worked on without Feynman?
context: Feynman's other work at Los Alamos included calculating neutron equations for the Los Alamos "Water Boiler", a small nuclear reactor, to measure how close an assembly of fissile material was to criticality. On completing this work he was transferred to the Oak Ridge facility, where he aided engineers in devising safety procedures for material storage so that criticality accidents (for example, due to sub-critical amounts of fissile material inadvertently stored in proximity on opposite sides of a wall) could be avoided. He also did theoretical work and calculations on the proposed uranium hydride bomb, which later proved not to be feasible.

qas: question: Feynman quickly bored of Los Alamos because the work was all kept __?
answers: text: top secret

question: How did Feynman spook a colleague?
answers: text: left a series of notes in the cabinets

question: What did Frederic de Hoffmann think had happened when he found these notes?
answers: text: saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets

question: Feynman visited his wife in which New Mexico city?
answers: text: Albuquerque

question: Feynman borrowed a car from Klaus Fuchs, who was later found to be a what?
answers: text: spy for the Soviets

question: How did Feynman help a colleague?

question: What did Frederic de Hoffmann think had happened when he stole these notes?

question: Which New England city did Feynman visit his wife in?

question: Who did Feynman steal a car from?

question: What job did Feynman's driver have?
context: Due to the top secret nature of the work, Los Alamos was isolated. In Feynman's own words, "There wasn't anything to do there." Bored, he indulged his curiosity by learning to pick the combination locks on cabinets and desks used to secure papers. Feynman played many jokes on colleagues. In one case he found the combination to a locked filing cabinet by trying the numbers he thought a physicist would use (it proved to be 27–18–28 after the base of natural logarithms, e = 2.71828...), and found that the three filing cabinets where a colleague kept a set of atomic bomb research notes all had the same combination. He left a series of notes in the cabinets as a prank, which initially spooked his colleague, Frederic de Hoffmann, into thinking a spy or saboteur had gained access to atomic bomb secrets. On several occasions, Feynman drove to Albuquerque to see his ailing wife in a car borrowed from Klaus Fuchs, who was later discovered to be a real spy for the Soviets, transporting nuclear secrets in his car to Santa Fe.

qas: question: In which book did Feynman talk about the Manhattan project?
answers: text: The Pleasure of Finding Things Out

question: What was his reasoning in helping make the atomic bomb?
answers: text: possibility of Nazi Germany developing the bomb before the Allies

question: After feeling guilty for helping make an atomic bomb, Feynman went through what mental disorder?
answers: text: depression

question: What did Feynman think of his part in making the bomb after Germany had been defeated?
answers: text: error on his part

question: Which book did Feynman avoid about the Manhattan project?

question: What was his reasoning in helping destroy the atomic bomb?

question: What disorder was Feynman falsely diagnosed with?

question: What did Feynman think of his part in making the bomb after Spain had been defeated?
context: Feynman alludes to his thoughts on the justification for getting involved in the Manhattan project in The Pleasure of Finding Things Out. He felt the possibility of Nazi Germany developing the bomb before the Allies was a compelling reason to help with its development for the U.S. He goes on to say that it was an error on his part not to reconsider the situation once Germany was defeated. In the same publication, Feynman also talks about his worries in the atomic bomb age, feeling for some considerable time that there was a high risk that the bomb would be used again soon, so that it was pointless to build for the future. Later he describes this period as a "depression".

qas: question: Where did Feynman receive a job after getting his PhD?
answers: text: University of Wisconsin–Madison

question: Feyman received a letter to return to teaching from whom?
answers: text: Dean Mark Ingraham

question: Which year did Feyman complete his PhD?
answers: text: 1942

question: Where did Feynman spend his time during his contract at UW?
answers: text: Manhattan project

question: Where did Feynman get rejected for a job after getting his PhD?

question: Who told Feynman to never return to teaching?

question: Which year did Feynman lose his PhD?

question: Where was Feynman a senior professor of physics in 1942?
context: Following the completion of his PhD in 1942, Feynman held an appointment at the University of Wisconsin–Madison as an assistant professor of physics. The appointment was spent on leave for his involvement in the Manhattan project. In 1945, he received a letter from Dean Mark Ingraham of the College of Letters and Science requesting his return to UW to teach in the coming academic year. His appointment was not extended when he did not commit to return. In a talk given several years later at UW, Feynman quipped, "It's great to be back at the only university that ever had the good sense to fire me."

qas: question: At which college did Feyman turn down a job?
answers: text: Institute for Advanced Study

question: Where did Feyman accept a job after the war?
answers: text: Cornell University

question: Which colleague did Feynman follow to Cornell?
answers: text: Hans Bethe

question: Why did Feynman go through a depression?
answers: text: destruction of Hiroshima by the bomb

question: His work at Cornell helped contribute to his what?
answers: text: Nobel Prize–winning work

question: Which college did Feynman always have a job in?

question: Where did Feynman turn down a job after the war?

question: Which colleague did Feynman avoid at Cornell?

question: Why was Feynman immune to depression?

question: What did Feynman's work make him hated for?
context: After the war, Feynman declined an offer from the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, despite the presence there of such distinguished faculty members as Albert Einstein, Kurt Gödel and John von Neumann. Feynman followed Hans Bethe, instead, to Cornell University, where Feynman taught theoretical physics from 1945 to 1950. During a temporary depression following the destruction of Hiroshima by the bomb produced by the Manhattan Project, he focused on complex physics problems, not for utility, but for self-satisfaction. One of these was analyzing the physics of a twirling, nutating dish as it is moving through the air. His work during this period, which used equations of rotation to express various spinning speeds, proved important to his Nobel Prize–winning work, yet because he felt burned out and had turned his attention to less immediately practical problems, he was surprised by the offers of professorships from other renowned universities.

qas: question: Why did Feynman decide to turn down an offer from the Institute of Advanced Study?
answers: text: no teaching duties

question: Where did Feynman receive much inspiration?
answers: text: students

question: The  Institute of Advanced Study and which other university colluded together to get Feynman a position?
answers: text: Princeton University

question: Ultimately Feynman decided to take a job at which college?
answers: text: California Institute of Technology

question: In which city did Feynman find himself affixing tire chains?
answers: text: Ithaca

question: Why did Feynman decide to accept all offers from the Institute of Advanced Study?

question: Where did Feynman receive no inspiration?

question: What university forbid Feynman from being on campus?

question: What college did Feynman end up living in?

question: Which city did Feynman get lost in after affixing tire chains?
context: Despite yet another offer from the Institute for Advanced Study, Feynman rejected the Institute on the grounds that there were no teaching duties: Feynman felt that students were a source of inspiration and teaching was a diversion during uncreative spells. Because of this, the Institute for Advanced Study and Princeton University jointly offered him a package whereby he could teach at the university and also be at the institute.[citation needed] Feynman instead accepted an offer from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech)—and as he says in his book Surely You're Joking Mr. Feynman!—because a desire to live in a mild climate had firmly fixed itself in his mind while he was installing tire chains on his car in the middle of a snowstorm in Ithaca.

qas: question: Which nickname did Feynman receive?
answers: text: Great Explainer

question: Feynman believed that if a topic was not easily accessible to freshmen than it was not yet what?
answers: text: fully understood

question: In a lecture, Feynman said that what had to exist?
answers: text: antiparticles

question: Antiparticles had to exist because if particles only were of positive energy, they would not be in what?
answers: text: light cone

question: Which nickname did Feynman lose?

question: What did Feynman suggest can't exist in a lecture?

question: What unknown teacher was considered the "Great Explainer"?

question: What did Feynman think were static and could never spin?
context: Feynman has been called the "Great Explainer". He gained a reputation for taking great care when giving explanations to his students and for making it a moral duty to make the topic accessible. His guiding principle was that, if a topic could not be explained in a freshman lecture, it was not yet fully understood. Feynman gained great pleasure from coming up with such a "freshman-level" explanation, for example, of the connection between spin and statistics. What he said was that groups of particles with spin ½ "repel", whereas groups with integer spin "clump". This was a brilliantly simplified way of demonstrating how Fermi–Dirac statistics and Bose–Einstein statistics evolved as a consequence of studying how fermions and bosons behave under a rotation of 360°. This was also a question he pondered in his more advanced lectures, and to which he demonstrated the solution in the 1986 Dirac memorial lecture. In the same lecture, he further explained that antiparticles must exist, for if particles had only positive energies, they would not be restricted to a so-called "light cone".

qas: question: What did Feynman produce that help in understanding calculations between particles in space and time?
answers: text: Feynman diagrams

question: What is the name of the antimatter counterpart of electrons?
answers: text: positrons

question: Where did Feynman paint his diagrams?
answers: text: his van

question: What did Feynman digrams allow him and others to do?
answers: text: approach time reversibility and other fundamental processes

question: What did Feynman steal that help in understanding calculations between particles in space and time?

question: What is the name of the antiparticle part of electrons?

question: Where did Feynman code his diagrams?

question: What did Feynman diagrams allow nobody to do?

question: What diagrams did Feynman put on the exterior of his truck?
context: He also developed Feynman diagrams, a bookkeeping device that helps in conceptualizing and calculating interactions between particles in spacetime, including the interactions between electrons and their antimatter counterparts, positrons. This device allowed him, and later others, to approach time reversibility and other fundamental processes. Feynman's mental picture for these diagrams started with the hard sphere approximation, and the interactions could be thought of as collisions at first. It was not until decades later that physicists thought of analyzing the nodes of the Feynman diagrams more closely. Feynman painted Feynman diagrams on the exterior of his van.

qas: question: What model did Murray Gell-Mann develop?
answers: text: quark model

question: What model did Feynman produce to complement the quark model?
answers: text: parton model

question: Quarks were thought of as what in the 1960s?
answers: text: not real particles

question: Which scientist experimented with blasting alpha particles at the nuclei of gold?
answers: text: Ernest Rutherford

question: After the fifth quark was discovered, Feynman said what had to also exist?
answers: text: sixth quark

question: What model did Murray Gell-Mann oppose?

question: What model did Feynman produce to go against the quark model?

question: What were quarks thought of in the 1990s?

question: Which scientist experimented with blasting alpha particles at the nuclei of silver?

question: What was discovered after the seventh quark?
context: From his diagrams of a small number of particles interacting in spacetime, Feynman could then model all of physics in terms of the spins of those particles and the range of coupling of the fundamental forces. Feynman attempted an explanation of the strong interactions governing nucleons scattering called the parton model. The parton model emerged as a complement to the quark model developed by his Caltech colleague Murray Gell-Mann. The relationship between the two models was murky; Gell-Mann referred to Feynman's partons derisively as "put-ons". In the mid-1960s, physicists believed that quarks were just a bookkeeping device for symmetry numbers, not real particles, as the statistics of the Omega-minus particle, if it were interpreted as three identical strange quarks bound together, seemed impossible if quarks were real. The Stanford linear accelerator deep inelastic scattering experiments of the late 1960s showed, analogously to Ernest Rutherford's experiment of scattering alpha particles on gold nuclei in 1911, that nucleons (protons and neutrons) contained point-like particles that scattered electrons. It was natural to identify these with quarks, but Feynman's parton model attempted to interpret the experimental data in a way that did not introduce additional hypotheses. For example, the data showed that some 45% of the energy momentum was carried by electrically-neutral particles in the nucleon. These electrically-neutral particles are now seen to be the gluons that carry the forces between the quarks and carry also the three-valued color quantum number that solves the Omega-minus problem. Feynman did not dispute the quark model; for example, when the fifth quark was discovered in 1977, Feynman immediately pointed out to his students that the discovery implied the existence of a sixth quark, which was discovered in the decade after his death.

qas: question: Where did  Feynman find success before moving to quantum gravity
answers: text: quantum electrodynamics

question: What did Feynman investigate while working on quantum gravity?
answers: text: consequences of a free massless spin 2 field

question: What equation did Feyman derive?
answers: text: Einstein field equation of general relativity

question: What did Feynman's discoveries help explain?
answers: text: Yang–Mills theories

question: Which parts of the Yang-Mills theories did Feynman help explain?
answers: text: QCD and the electro-weak theory

question: Where did Feynman find failure before moving to quantum gravity?

question: What did Feynman ignore while working on quantum gravity?

question: What equation did Feynman steal?

question: What did Feynman's discoveries hurt the explanation of?

question: Which parts of the Yang-Mills theories did Feynman dispel?
context: After the success of quantum electrodynamics, Feynman turned to quantum gravity. By analogy with the photon, which has spin 1, he investigated the consequences of a free massless spin 2 field, and derived the Einstein field equation of general relativity, but little more. The computational device that Feynman discovered then for gravity, "ghosts", which are "particles" in the interior of his diagrams that have the "wrong" connection between spin and statistics, have proved invaluable in explaining the quantum particle behavior of the Yang–Mills theories, for example, QCD and the electro-weak theory.

qas: question: Which society was Feynman elected to?
answers: text: Royal Society

question: After 3 years at Caltech what lectures did Feynman produce?
answers: text: The Feynman Lectures on Physics

question: Why did publisher change the cover picture on Feynman's book?
answers: text: connections to drugs and rock and roll

question: In his book, Feynman was shown playing what instrument?
answers: text: drums

question: What was the name of the book Feynman wrote over light and matter?
answers: text: The Character of Physical Law, QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter

question: Which society was Feynman kicked out of?

question: What lectures did Feynman lose credit for after 3 years at Caltech?

question: Why did the publisher remove the cover picture on Feynman's book?

question: What instrument was Feynman unable to play in his book?

question: What was the name of the book Feynman wrote about the dark and nothingness?
context: Feynman was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 1965. At this time in the early 1960s, Feynman exhausted himself by working on multiple major projects at the same time, including a request, while at Caltech, to "spruce up" the teaching of undergraduates. After three years devoted to the task, he produced a series of lectures that eventually became The Feynman Lectures on Physics. He wanted a picture of a drumhead sprinkled with powder to show the modes of vibration at the beginning of the book. Concerned over the connections to drugs and rock and roll that could be made from the image, the publishers changed the cover to plain red, though they included a picture of him playing drums in the foreword. The Feynman Lectures on Physics occupied two physicists, Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands, as part-time co-authors for several years. Even though the books were not adopted by most universities as textbooks, they continue to sell well because they provide a deep understanding of physics. Many of his lectures and miscellaneous talks were turned into other books, including The Character of Physical Law, QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, Statistical Mechanics, Lectures on Gravitation, and the Feynman Lectures on Computation.

qas: question: In which year did Feynman orate the Caltech commencement speech?
answers: text: 1974

question: Which topic did Feynman's commencement speech at Caltech center around?
answers: text: cargo cult science

question: What is cargo cult science?
answers: text: pseudoscience

question: What did Feyman tell the class that they must not do to themselves?
answers: text: fool yourself

question: Which year did Feynman miss the Caltech commencement speech?

question: Which topic did Feynman's commencement speech at Caltech avoid?

question: What is the science Feynman understood best considered?

question: What did Feynman tell the class that they must do to themselves?
context: In 1974, Feynman delivered the Caltech commencement address on the topic of cargo cult science, which has the semblance of science, but is only pseudoscience due to a lack of "a kind of scientific integrity, a principle of scientific thought that corresponds to a kind of utter honesty" on the part of the scientist. He instructed the graduating class that "The first principle is that you must not fool yourself—and you are the easiest person to fool. So you have to be very careful about that. After you've not fooled yourself, it's easy not to fool other scientists. You just have to be honest in a conventional way after that."

qas: question: What did Feynman help develop in the 1980s?
answers: text: parallel computer

question: Who did Feynman work with on computers at Caltech?
answers: text: Stephen Wolfram

question: Who else worked with Feynman on developing computers?
answers: text: His son Carl

question: What specifically did his son work on?
answers: text: software

question: What did Feyman do while his son worked on software?
answers: text: influencing the interconnects

question: What did Feynman help find in the 1970s?

question: Who did Feynman work with on computers at Yale?

question: Who else worked with Feynman on developing planes?

question: What specifically did Feynman's daughter work on?

question: What was Feynman doing while his daughter worked on software?
context: In the late 1980s, according to "Richard Feynman and the Connection Machine", Feynman played a crucial role in developing the first massively parallel computer, and in finding innovative uses for it in numerical computations, in building neural networks, as well as physical simulations using cellular automata (such as turbulent fluid flow), working with Stephen Wolfram at Caltech. His son Carl also played a role in the development of the original Connection Machine engineering; Feynman influencing the interconnects while his son worked on the software.

qas: question: What theories do Feynman diagrams help explain?
answers: text: string theory and M-theory

question: The diagrams have been made from lines into what 3 dimensional shape?
answers: text: tubes

question: What angst did Feynman have against string theorists?
answers: text: they don't check their ideas

question: Which quote by Feynman is often used by string theory opponents?
answers: text: 'Well, it still might be true.'"

question: What theories do Feynman diagrams not explain?

question: What 4 dimensional shape have Feynman diagrams been made into?

question: What angst did Feynman have against churchgoers?

question: Which quote by Feynman is often used by religious opponents?

question: What kind of physics was Feynman least interested in?
context: Feynman diagrams are now fundamental for string theory and M-theory, and have even been extended topologically. The world-lines of the diagrams have developed to become tubes to allow better modeling of more complicated objects such as strings and membranes. Shortly before his death, Feynman criticized string theory in an interview: "I don't like that they're not calculating anything," he said. "I don't like that they don't check their ideas. I don't like that for anything that disagrees with an experiment, they cook up an explanation—a fix-up to say, 'Well, it still might be true.'" These words have since been much-quoted by opponents of the string-theoretic direction for particle physics.

qas: question: Feyman's experience on the Rogers Commission was talked about is which of his books?
answers: text: What Do You Care What Other People Think?

question: In which way did he write about his experience on the Rogers Commission?
answers: text: sober narrative

question: His writings about the Rogers Commission showed that trouble was brewing between scientists and executives at which prolific institute?
answers: text: NASA

question: While the higher-ups said a failure was unlikely, at 1 in 100,000 odds, the scientists felt the odd were what?
answers: text: 1 in 200

question: Who did NASA recruit by using flawed safety numbers?
answers: text: Christa McAuliffe

question: What book ignored Feynman's experience on the Rogers Commission?

question: Which way did he avoid writing about his experience on the Rogers Commission?

question: What managers claimed there was a 1 in 10,000 chance of catastrophic failure aboard the shuttle?

question: Who did NASA recruit while using accurate safety numbers?

question: Who concluded that NASA management was fantastically realistic?
context: Feynman devoted the latter half of his book What Do You Care What Other People Think? to his experience on the Rogers Commission, straying from his usual convention of brief, light-hearted anecdotes to deliver an extended and sober narrative. Feynman's account reveals a disconnect between NASA's engineers and executives that was far more striking than he expected. His interviews of NASA's high-ranking managers revealed startling misunderstandings of elementary concepts. For instance, NASA managers claimed that there was a 1 in 100,000 chance of a catastrophic failure aboard the shuttle, but Feynman discovered that NASA's own engineers estimated the chance of a catastrophe at closer to 1 in 200. He concluded that the space shuttle reliability estimate by NASA management was fantastically unrealistic, and he was particularly angered that NASA used these figures to recruit Christa McAuliffe into the Teacher-in-Space program. He warned in his appendix to the commission's report (which was included only after he threatened not to sign the report), "For a successful technology, reality must take precedence over public relations, for nature cannot be fooled."

qas: question: Which religious sect did Feynman refuse to be part of?
answers: text: Jewish

question: Which book did Feynman decline to be listed in?
answers: text: The Laureates: Jewish Winners of the Nobel Prize

question: What did Feynman believe that the Jewish people were not?
answers: text: the chosen people

question: What religious affiliation did Feynman have?
answers: text: atheist

question: Feynman did not like to be listed in anything that labeled people by what standard?
answers: text: race

question: Which religious sect did Feynman agree to be part of?

question: Which book did Feynman demand to be listed in?

question: What did Feynman believe that the Jewish people were?

question: What religious affiliation did Feynman seek to eliminate?

question: What religion did Feynman's atheist parents follow?
context: Although born to and raised by parents who were Ashkenazi, Feynman was not only an atheist, but declined to be labelled Jewish. He routinely refused to be included in lists or books that classified people by race. He asked to not be included in Tina Levitan's The Laureates: Jewish Winners of the Nobel Prize, writing, "To select, for approbation the peculiar elements that come from some supposedly Jewish heredity is to open the door to all kinds of nonsense on racial theory," and adding "... at thirteen I was not only converted to other religious views, but I also stopped believing that the Jewish people are in any way 'the chosen people'."

qas: question: Who was Feynman's wife?
answers: text: Arline Greenbaum

question: Which disease did Arline succumb to?
answers: text: tuberculosis

question: In which year did his wife die?
answers: text: 1945

question: Who played a cameo in a film about Feynman?
answers: text: Feynman's daughter, Michelle

question: What was the name of the film that showed Feynman's life?
answers: text: Infinity

question: Who was Feynman's ex-wife?

question: Which disease did Arline overcome?

question: What year did Feynman's wife come back to life?

question: Who lost their role for a cameo in a film about Feynman?

question: What was the name of the TV show that showed Feynman's life?
context: While pursuing his PhD at Princeton, Feynman married his high school sweetheart, Arline Greenbaum (often misspelled "Arlene"), despite the knowledge that she was seriously ill with tuberculosis—an incurable disease at the time. She died in 1945. In 1946, Feynman wrote a letter to her, expressing his deep love and heartbreak, that he kept for the rest of his life. ("Please excuse my not mailing this," the letter concluded, "but I don't know your new address.") This portion of Feynman's life was portrayed in the 1996 film Infinity, which featured Feynman's daughter, Michelle, in a cameo role.

qas: question: What analogies did Feynman use to teach Carl?
answers: text: ants and Martians

question: Which subject did Feynman and Carl both enjoy?
answers: text: Mathematics

question: What type of computing did Feynman and his son help develop?
answers: text: parallel computing

question: What Laboratory employed Feynman for critical missions?
answers: text: The Jet Propulsion Laboratory

question: What fictional character was Feynman compared to by a colleague?
answers: text: Don Quixote

question: What analogies did Feynman not utilize to teach Carl?

question: Which subject did Feynman and Carl both dislike?

question: What type of computing did Feynman and his dad help develop?

question: What Laboratory employed Feynman for unimportant missions?

question: What fictional character was Feynman compared to by his son?
context: Feynman had a great deal of success teaching Carl, using, for example, discussions about ants and Martians as a device for gaining perspective on problems and issues. He was surprised to learn that the same teaching devices were not useful with Michelle. Mathematics was a common interest for father and son; they both entered the computer field as consultants and were involved in advancing a new method of using multiple computers to solve complex problems—later known as parallel computing. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory retained Feynman as a computational consultant during critical missions. One co-worker characterized Feynman as akin to Don Quixote at his desk, rather than at a computer workstation, ready to do battle with the windmills.

qas: question: Where did Feynman work at in Brazil?
answers: text: Brazilian Center for Physics Research

question: Which place in Russia could Feynman not visit, but wished to do so?
answers: text: Tuva

question: When was Feynman allowed to go to Tuva?
answers: text: The day after he died

question: Who went to Tuva in Feynman's stead?
answers: text: Feynman's daughter Michelle

question: What is the name of the film that discusses Feynman's attempt to get to Tuva?
answers: text: Genghis Blues

question: Where did Feynman work at in Japan?

question: Which place in Germany could Feynman not visit but wished to do so?

question: When was Feynman found visiting Tuva?

question: Who avoided Tuva in Feynman's stead?

question: What is the name of the film that discusses Feynman's attempt to escape from Tuva?
context: Feynman traveled to Brazil, where he gave courses at the BCPF (Brazilian Center for Physics Research) and near the end of his life schemed to visit the Russian land of Tuva, a dream that, because of Cold War bureaucratic problems, never became reality. The day after he died, a letter arrived for him from the Soviet government, giving him authorization to travel to Tuva. Later Feynman's daughter Michelle would realize this journey. Out of his enthusiastic interest in reaching Tuva came the phrase "Tuva or Bust" (also the title of a book about his efforts to get there), which was tossed about frequently amongst his circle of friends in hope that they, one day, could see it firsthand. The documentary movie, Genghis Blues, mentions some of his attempts to communicate with Tuva and chronicles the successful journey there by his friends. Responding to Hubert Humphrey's congratulation for his Nobel Prize, Feynman admitted to a long admiration for the then vice president.

qas: question: Which illicit drug did Feynman try at Caltech?
answers: text: LSD

question: What substance did Feynman give up later in life?
answers: text: alcohol

question: Why did Feynman give up alcohol?
answers: text: he did not want to do anything that could damage his brain

question: In what book did he talk about his LSD use?
answers: text: O Americano, Outra Vez

question: Which illicit drug was Feynman caught with at Caltech?

question: What substance did Feynman die from later in life?

question: Why did Feynman enjoy alcohol?

question: What book did Feynman talk about his DMT use?

question: When did Feynman try heroin?
context: According to Genius, the James Gleick-authored biography, Feynman tried LSD during his professorship at Caltech. Somewhat embarrassed by his actions, he largely sidestepped the issue when dictating his anecdotes; he mentions it in passing in the "O Americano, Outra Vez" section, while the "Altered States" chapter in Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman! describes only marijuana and ketamine experiences at John Lilly's famed sensory deprivation tanks, as a way of studying consciousness. Feynman gave up alcohol when he began to show vague, early signs of alcoholism, as he did not want to do anything that could damage his brain—the same reason given in "O Americano, Outra Vez" for his reluctance to experiment with LSD.

qas: question: Which book does Feynman detail was to pick up girls?
answers: text: Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman

question: Where was his second office at Caltech?
answers: text: topless bar

question: Who was the only person to testify that the topless bar should remain open?
answers: text: Feynman

question: Where did Feynman write down his equations at the topless bar?
answers: text: paper placemats

question: Who tried to shut the topless bar down?
answers: text: county officials

question: Which book does Feynman detail was to help reject girls?

question: Where was his tenth office at Caltech?

question: Who was the only person to testify that the topless bar should close?

question: Where did Feynman lose his equations at the topless bar?

question: Who helped the bar win their court case?
context: In Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!, he gives advice on the best way to pick up a girl in a hostess bar. At Caltech, he used a nude or topless bar as an office away from his usual office, making sketches or writing physics equations on paper placemats. When the county officials tried to close the place, all visitors except Feynman refused to testify in favor of the bar, fearing that their families or patrons would learn about their visits. Only Feynman accepted, and in court, he affirmed that the bar was a public need, stating that craftsmen, technicians, engineers, common workers, "and a physics professor" frequented the establishment. While the bar lost the court case, it was allowed to remain open as a similar case was pending appeal.

qas: question: Which paper published a story about Feynman in 1992?
answers: text: New York Times

question: Who helped tell the 1992 New York Times story about Feynman?
answers: text: James Gleick

question: Gleick told a story about a specific algorithim that Gell-Mann described to a student, what was this algorithim called?
answers: text: The Feynman Problem-Solving Algorithm

question: Feynman's algorithim included writing the problem, thinking, and then what?
answers: text: write down the answer

question: Which paper published a story about Feynman in 1982?

question: Who helped tell the 1922 New York Times story about Feynman?

question: What newspaper was Feynman never featured in?

question: Who failed to describe what has become known as "The Feynman Algorithm"?
context: In a 1992 New York Times article on Feynman and his legacy, James Gleick recounts the story of how Murray Gell-Mann described what has become known as "The Feynman Algorithm" or "The Feynman Problem-Solving Algorithm" to a student: "The student asks Gell-Mann about Feynman's notes. Gell-Mann says no, Dick's methods are not the same as the methods used here. The student asks, well, what are Feynman's methods? Gell-Mann leans coyly against the blackboard and says: Dick's method is this. You write down the problem. You think very hard. (He shuts his eyes and presses his knuckles parodically to his forehead.) Then you write down the answer."

qas: question: Where do the Feynman Lectures on Physics pull information from?
answers: text: compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64

question: Once the popularity on the lectures grew, who began to attend?
answers: text: professional physicists and graduate students

question: Which two of Feynman's colleagues helped put the lectures into book format?
answers: text: Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands

question: Which addendum was added to the Lectures book in 2005?
answers: text: "Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics

question: Who wrote the supplemental material added to the Lectures book in 2005?
answers: text: Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton

question: Where did the Feynman Lectures on Biology pull information from?

question: Who never attended lectures as popularity grew?

question: Which one of Feynman's colleagues helped put the lectures into book format?

question: Which addendum was removed from the Lectures book in 2005?

question: Who wrote the supplemental material added to the Lectures book in 2003?
context: The Feynman Lectures on Physics is perhaps his most accessible work for anyone with an interest in physics, compiled from lectures to Caltech undergraduates in 1961–64. As news of the lectures' lucidity grew, professional physicists and graduate students began to drop in to listen. Co-authors Robert B. Leighton and Matthew Sands, colleagues of Feynman, edited and illustrated them into book form. The work has endured and is useful to this day. They were edited and supplemented in 2005 with "Feynman's Tips on Physics: A Problem-Solving Supplement to the Feynman Lectures on Physics" by Michael Gottlieb and Ralph Leighton (Robert Leighton's son), with support from Kip Thorne and other physicists.