Greece

qas: question: On what peninsula is Greece located?
answers: text: Balkan peninsula

question: How many geographic regions make up Greece?
answers: text: nine

question: How long is the coastline of Greece?
answers: text: 8,498 mi

question: How many of Greece's islands are inhabited?
answers: text: 227

question: What is the tallest mountain in Greece?
answers: text: Mount Olympus
context: Greece is strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan peninsula, it shares land borders with Albania to the northwest, the Republic of Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north and Turkey to the northeast. Greece consists of nine geographic regions: Macedonia, Central Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean Islands (including the Dodecanese and Cyclades), Thrace, Crete, and the Ionian Islands. The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland, the Ionian Sea to the west, and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km (8,498 mi) in length, featuring a vast number of islands, of which 227 are inhabited. Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous, with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres (9,573 ft).

qas: question: Who was the first person to bring all of Greece together?
answers: text: Philip of Macedon

question: Who was the son of Philip of Macedon?
answers: text: Alexander the Great

question: Greece came part of what empire in the 2nd century BC?
answers: text: Rome

question: When was the Greek Orthodox Church started?
answers: text: first century AD

question: What year is considered the beginning of modern Greece?
answers: text: 1830
context: Greece has one of the longest histories of any country, and is considered the cradle of Western civilization, and as such, is the birthplace of democracy, Western philosophy, the Olympic Games, Western literature, historiography, political science, major scientific and mathematical principles, and Western drama, including both tragedy and comedy. Greece was first unified under Philip of Macedon in the fourth century BC. His son Alexander the Great rapidly conquered much of the ancient world, spreading Greek culture and science from the eastern Mediterranean to the Indus River. Annexed by Rome in the second century BC, Greece became an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor, the Byzantine Empire. The first century AD saw the establishment of the Greek Orthodox Church, which shaped the modern Greek identity and transmitted Greek traditions to the wider Orthodox World. Falling under Ottoman dominion in the mid-15th century, the modern nation state of Greece emerged in 1830 following the war of independence. Greece's rich historical legacy is reflected in large part by its 17 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, among the most in Europe and the world.

qas: question: Greece is one of the members who founded what organization?
answers: text: United Nations

question: Which political philosophy does Greece follow?
answers: text: democratic

question: When did Greece join the Eurozone?
answers: text: 2001

question: Greece has the biggest economic power where?
answers: text: Balkans
context: Greece is a democratic and developed country with an advanced high-income economy, a high quality of life and a very high standard of living. A founding member of the United Nations, Greece was the tenth member to join the European Communities (precursor to the European Union) and has been part of the Eurozone since 2001. It is also a member of numerous other international institutions, including the Council of Europe, NATO,[a] OECD, OIF, OSCE and the WTO. Greece, which is one of the world's largest shipping powers, middle powers and top tourist destinations, has the largest economy in the Balkans, where it is an important regional investor.

qas: question: What is one of the names the Greeks call their country?
answers: text: Hellas

question: What is the official name of Greece?
answers: text: Hellenic Republic

question: From what word is Greece derived?
answers: text: Graecia

question: What does the work Graecia mean?
answers: text: the land of the Greeks

question: Who called Greece Graecia?
answers: text: Romans
context: The names for the nation of Greece and the Greek people differ from the names used in other languages, locations and cultures. Although the Greeks call the country Hellas or Ellada (Greek: Ἑλλάς or Ελλάδα) and its official name is the Hellenic Republic, in English it is referred to as Greece, which comes from the Latin term Graecia as used by the Romans, which literally means 'the land of the Greeks', and derives from the Greek name Γραικός. However, the name Hellas is sometimes used in English as well.

qas: question: Humans in the Balkans have been dated to what year?
answers: text: 270,000 BC

question: Evidence of the earliest humans were found in what subterranean formation?
answers: text: Petralona cave

question: The Franchthi cave has evidence of what 3 ancient eras?
answers: text: Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic

question: Greece has evidence of Stone Age people during what time period?
answers: text: 7th millennium BC

question: What activity led to Greece having some of the earliest Stone Age settlements?
answers: text: farming
context: The earliest evidence of the presence of human ancestors in the southern Balkans, dated to 270,000 BC, is to be found in the Petralona cave, in the Greek province of Macedonia. All three stages of the stone age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic) are represented in Greece, for example in the Franchthi Cave. Neolithic settlements in Greece, dating from the 7th millennium BC, are the oldest in Europe by several centuries, as Greece lies on the route via which farming spread from the Near East to Europe.

qas: question: Ancient Greece is considered to be where what was born?
answers: text: Western civilization

question: What was the last civilization to rule Greece?
answers: text: Mycenaean

question: The Mycenaean civilization deteriorated in what time period? 
answers: text: 1200 BC

question: Around 1200 BC, what was the fall of the regional civilizations called?
answers: text: Bronze Age collapse

question: What is the time period called from which no writing can be found.
answers: text: Greek Dark Ages
context: Greece is home to the first advanced civilizations in Europe and is considered the birthplace of Western civilization,[citation clutter] beginning with the Cycladic civilization on the islands of the Aegean Sea at around 3200 BC, the Minoan civilization in Crete (2700–1500 BC), and then the Mycenaean civilization on the mainland (1900–1100 BC). These civilizations possessed writing, the Minoans writing in an undeciphered script known as Linear A, and the Mycenaeans in Linear B, an early form of Greek. The Mycenaeans gradually absorbed the Minoans, but collapsed violently around 1200 BC, during a time of regional upheaval known as the Bronze Age collapse. This ushered in a period known as the Greek Dark Ages, from which written records are absent.

qas: question: When did the Olympic Game begin?
answers: text: 776 BC

question: The literary work "The Odyssey:, was written by whom?
answers: text: Homer

question: What year is considered the be the last of the Dark Ages?
answers: text: 776 BC

question: Magna Graecia is Latin for what term?
answers: text: Greater Greece

question: In what year is Democracy considered to have begun?
answers: text: 508 BC
context: The end of the Dark Ages is traditionally dated to 776 BC, the year of the first Olympic Games. The Iliad and the Odyssey, the foundational texts of Western literature, are believed to have been composed by Homer in the 8th or 7th centuries BC With the end of the Dark Ages, there emerged various kingdoms and city-states across the Greek peninsula, which spread to the shores of the Black Sea, Southern Italy (Latin: Magna Graecia, or Greater Greece) and Asia Minor. These states and their colonies reached great levels of prosperity that resulted in an unprecedented cultural boom, that of classical Greece, expressed in architecture, drama, science, mathematics and philosophy. In 508 BC, Cleisthenes instituted the world's first democratic system of government in Athens.

qas: question: In 500 BC, Greece was ruled over by who?
answers: text: Persian Empire

question: What battle did Persia lose in 490 BC?
answers: text: Battle of Marathon

question: The Spartans made their last stand at what battle location?
answers: text: Thermopylae

question: The battles between the Greeks and Persians are known as what?
answers: text: Greco-Persian Wars

question: After the Persians left Europe, the time period that followed was called what?
answers: text: Golden Age of Athens
context: By 500 BC, the Persian Empire controlled the Greek city states in Asia Minor and had made territorial gains in the Balkans and Eastern Europe proper as well. Attempts by some of the Greek city-states of Asia Minor to overthrow Persian rule failed, and Persia invaded the states of mainland Greece in 492 BC, but was forced to withdraw after a defeat at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. A second invasion by the Persians followed in 480 BC. Despite a heroic resistance at Thermopylae by Spartans and other Greeks led by King Leonidas, and a simultaneous naval engagement at Artemisium,[page needed] Persian forces occupied Athens, which had been evacuated in time, as well as briefly overrunning half of Greece. Following decisive Greek victories in 480 and 479 BC at Salamis, Plataea, and Mycale, the Persians were forced to withdraw for a second time, marking their eventual withdrawal from all of their European territories. Led by Athens and Sparta, the Greek victories in the Greco-Persian Wars are considered a pivotal moment in world history, as the 50 years of peace that followed are known as Golden Age of Athens, the seminal period of ancient Greece that laid many of the foundations of Western civilization.

qas: question: The war from 431-404 BC is known as what? 
answers: text: Peloponnesian War

question: What often caused strife between Greek states?
answers: text: Lack of political unity

question: Who won the Peloponnesian war?
answers: text: Sparta

question: Who eventually brought the Greeks together?
answers: text: Macedon

question: Who was the first leader of a unified Greece?
answers: text: Phillip II
context: Lack of political unity within Greece resulted in frequent conflict between Greek states. The most devastating intra-Greek war was the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), won by Sparta and marking the demise of the Athenian Empire as the leading power in ancient Greece. Both Athens and Sparta were later overshadowed by Thebes and eventually Macedon, with the latter uniting the Greek world in the League of Corinth (also known as the Hellenic League or Greek League) under the guidance of Phillip II, who was elected leader of the first unified Greek state in history.

qas: question: Who controlled Macedon after Alexander died?
answers: text: the Antigonid dynasty

question: The Roman Empire became more controlling of Greece starting in what year?
answers: text: 200 BC

question: Macedon lost what war in 168 BC?
answers: text: Battle of Pydna

question: In what year did Greece become a part of Rome?
answers: text: 146 BC

question: The end of Antigonid rule began in what year?
answers: text: 168 BC
context: After a period of confusion following Alexander's death, the Antigonid dynasty, descended from one of Alexander's generals, established its control over Macedon and most of the Greek city-states by 276 BC. From about 200 BC the Roman Republic became increasingly involved in Greek affairs and engaged in a series of wars with Macedon. Macedon's defeat at the Battle of Pydna in 168 BC signalled the end of Antigonid power in Greece. In 146 BC Macedonia was annexed as a province by Rome, and the rest of Greece became a Roman protectorate.

qas: question: What Roman Emperor became the ruler of all of Greece?
answers: text: Augustus

question: What saying by Horace became famous?
answers: text: "Greece, although captured, took its wild conqueror captive"

question: What famous Roman figure visited Greece in 66 AD?
answers: text: Nero

question: What famous Grecian author inspired later authors and their works?
answers: text: Homer

question: What hero of Rome studied Greek philosophy and science?
answers: text: Scipio Africanus
context: The process was completed in 27 BC when the Roman Emperor Augustus annexed the rest of Greece and constituted it as the senatorial province of Achaea. Despite their military superiority, the Romans admired and became heavily influenced by the achievements of Greek culture, hence Horace's famous statement: Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit ("Greece, although captured, took its wild conqueror captive"). The epics of Homer inspired the Aeneid of Virgil, and authors such as Seneca the younger wrote using Greek styles. Roman heroes such as Scipio Africanus, tended to study philosophy and regarded Greek culture and science as an example to be followed. Similarly, most Roman emperors maintained an admiration for things Greek in nature. The Roman Emperor Nero visited Greece in AD 66, and performed at the Ancient Olympic Games, despite the rules against non-Greek participation. Hadrian was also particularly fond of the Greeks; before he became emperor he served as an eponymous archon of Athens.

qas: question: In what language was the first book of the Bible conceived?
answers: text: Greek

question: What religion did early Greece practice?
answers: text: paganism

question: The Olympics were last held in ancient Greece in what year? 
answers: text: 393

question: Paganism was forbidden by what Roman Emperor?
answers: text: Theodosius I

question: Which Emperor closed the school in Athens?
answers: text: Justinian
context: Greek-speaking communities of the Hellenized East were instrumental in the spread of early Christianity in the 2nd and 3rd centuries, and Christianity's early leaders and writers (notably St Paul) were mostly Greek-speaking, though generally not from Greece itself. The New Testament was written in Greek, and some of its sections (Corinthians, Thessalonians, Philippians, Revelation of St. John of Patmos) attest to the importance of churches in Greece in early Christianity. Nevertheless, much of Greece clung tenaciously to paganism, and ancient Greek religious practices were still in vogue in the late 4th century AD, when they were outlawed by the Roman emperor Theodosius I in 391-392. The last recorded Olympic games were held in 393, and many temples were destroyed or damaged in the century that followed. In Athens and rural areas, paganism is attested well into the sixth century AD and even later. The closure of the Neoplatonic Academy of Athens by the emperor Justinian in 529 is considered by many to mark the end of antiquity, although there is evidence that the Academy continued its activities for some time after that. Some remote areas such as the southeastern Peloponnese remained pagan until well into the 10th century AD.

qas: question: When did the Slavs invade Greece?
answers: text: 7th century

question: What invading marauders caused havoc in the Balkans during the 4th century.
answers: text: Barbarian

question: After the Slav's invaded, the government only controlled what areas?
answers: text: islands and coastal areas
context: From the 4th century, the Empire's Balkan territories, including Greece, suffered from the dislocation of the Barbarian Invasions. The raids and devastation of the Goths and Huns in the 4th and 5th centuries and the Slavic invasion of Greece in the 7th century resulted in a dramatic collapse in imperial authority in the Greek peninsula. Following the Slavic invasion, the imperial government retained formal control of only the islands and coastal areas, particularly the densely populated walled cities such as Athens, Corinth and Thessalonica, while some mountainous areas in the interior held out on their own and continued to recognize imperial authority. Outside of these areas, a limited amount of Slavic settlement is generally thought to have occurred, although on a much smaller scale than previously thought.

qas: question: The Byzantine began taking back territories during the last of what century?
answers: text: 8th

question: The Byzantine had control over most of Greece in what century?
answers: text: 9th

question: Slavs that were caught were moved to what area?
answers: text: Asia Minor

question: A stable Greece allowed it to have what?
answers: text: strong economic growth
context: The Byzantine recovery of lost provinces began toward the end of the 8th century and most of the Greek peninsula came under imperial control again, in stages, during the 9th century. This process was facilitated by a large influx of Greeks from Sicily and Asia Minor to the Greek peninsula, while at the same time many Slavs were captured and re-settled in Asia Minor and those that remained were assimilated. During the 11th and 12th centuries the return of stability resulted in the Greek peninsula benefiting from strong economic growth – much stronger than that of the Anatolian territories of the Empire.

qas: question: Greece was split into sections of different rulers in what year?
answers: text: 1204

question: Constantinople once again became a capital  in what year?
answers: text: 1261

question: The Grecian islands in the 14th century were under the control of who?
answers: text: Genoese and Venetian

question: In 1261 Constantinople was the capital for which empire?
answers: text: Byzantine
context: Following the Fourth Crusade and the fall of Constantinople to the "Latins" in 1204 mainland Greece was split between the Greek Despotate of Epirus (a Byzantine successor state) and Frankish rule (known as the Frankokratia), while some islands came under Venetian rule. The re-establishment of the Byzantine imperial capital in Constantinople in 1261 was accompanied by the empire's recovery of much of the Greek peninsula, although the Frankish Principality of Achaea in the Peloponnese and the rival Greek Despotate of Epirus in the north both remained important regional powers into the 14th century, while the islands remained largely under Genoese and Venetian control.

qas: question: A lot of Greece was lost by whom in the 14th century?
answers: text: Byzantine Empire

question: At the start of 15th century, the biggest Byzantine city was what?
answers: text: Thessaloniki

question: Constantinople was overcome by who in 1453?
answers: text: the Ottomans

question: The Ottomans controlled mainland Greece in what year?
answers: text: 1460

question: Who had a large impact on the Renaissance? 
answers: text: Byzantine Greek scholars
context: In the 14th century, much of the Greek peninsula was lost by the Byzantine Empire at first to the Serbs and then to the Ottomans. By the beginning of the 15th century, the Ottoman advance meant that Byzantine territory in Greece was limited mainly to its then-largest city, Thessaloniki, and the Peloponnese (Despotate of the Morea). After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottomans in 1453, the Morea was the last remnant of the Byzantine Empire to hold out against the Ottomans. However, this, too, fell to the Ottomans in 1460, completing the Ottoman conquest of mainland Greece. With the Turkish conquest, many Byzantine Greek scholars, who up until then were largely responsible for preserving Classical Greek knowledge, fled to the West, taking with them a large body of literature and thereby significantly contributing to the Renaissance.

qas: question: The Ottomans controlled what islands b y the end of the 15th century?
answers: text: Aegean islands

question: The Venetians had control of which two islands in the 15th century?
answers: text: Cyprus and Crete

question: The Ottomans took which islands from the Venetians?
answers: text: Cyprus and Crete

question: In what year were the Ionian Islands captured by the French?
answers: text: 1797

question: Who gained control of the Ionian Islands in 1809?
answers: text: United Kingdom
context: While most of mainland Greece and the Aegean islands was under Ottoman control by the end of the 15th century, Cyprus and Crete remained Venetian territory and did not fall to the Ottomans until 1571 and 1670 respectively. The only part of the Greek-speaking world that escaped long-term Ottoman rule was the Ionian Islands, which remained Venetian until their capture by the First French Republic in 1797, then passed to the United Kingdom in 1809 until their unification with Greece in 1864.[page needed]

qas: question: Due to discrimination, some Christians converted to what religion?
answers: text: Islam

question: What is the name of one of the churches that ruled over the Christian population?
answers: text: Greek Orthodox Church

question: Which empire thought that Christians were inferior?
answers: text: Ottoman Empire
context: The Greek Orthodox Church and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople were considered by the Ottoman governments as the ruling authorities of the entire Orthodox Christian population of the Ottoman Empire, whether ethnically Greek or not. Although the Ottoman state did not force non-Muslims to convert to Islam, Christians faced several types of discrimination intended to highlight their inferior status in the Ottoman Empire. Discrimination against Christians, particularly when combined with harsh treatment by local Ottoman authorities, led to conversions to Islam, if only superficially. In the 19th century, many "crypto-Christians" returned to their old religious allegiance.[page needed]

qas: question: The Battle of of Lepanto took place in what year?
answers: text: 1571

question: The Morean War took place during which years?
answers: text: 1684–1699

question: The Orlov Revolt took place in what year?
answers: text: 1770

question: The Orlov Revolt was for which nation's supposed benefit?
answers: text: Russian

question: During battles of the 1600 and 1700's, the Greeks usually fought against who?
answers: text: Ottoman Empire
context: When military conflicts broke out between the Ottoman Empire and other states, Greeks usually took arms against the Empire, with few exceptions. Prior to the Greek revolution, there had been a number of wars which saw Greeks fight against the Ottomans, such as the Greek participation in the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, the Epirus peasants' revolts of 1600–1601, the Morean War of 1684–1699, and the Russian-instigated Orlov Revolt in 1770, which aimed at breaking up the Ottoman Empire in favor of Russian interests.[page needed] These uprisings were put down by the Ottomans with great bloodshed.

qas: question: Greece's Dark Ages is thought of as what time periods?
answers: text: 16th and 17th centuries

question: Greek merchants ruled the trade industry in which century?
answers: text: 18th

question: Who published Greek documents that espoused Greek independence?
answers: text: Rigas Feraios

question: Rigas Feraios was killed by Ottoman assassins in what year? 
answers: text: 1798
context: The 16th and 17th centuries are regarded as something of a "dark age" in Greek history, with the prospect of overthrowing Ottoman rule appearing remote with only the Ionian islands remaining free of Turkish domination. Corfu withstood three major sieges in 1537, 1571 and 1716 all of which resulted in the repulsion of the Ottomans. However, in the 18th century, there arose through shipping a wealthy and dispersed Greek merchant class. These merchants came to dominate trade within the Ottoman Empire, establishing communities throughout the Mediterranean, the Balkans, and Western Europe. Though the Ottoman conquest had cut Greece off from significant European intellectual movements such as the Reformation and the Enlightenment, these ideas together with the ideals of the French Revolution and romantic nationalism began to penetrate the Greek world via the mercantile diaspora.[page needed] In the late 18th century, Rigas Feraios, the first revolutionary to envision an independent Greek state, published a series of documents relating to Greek independence, including but not limited to a national anthem and the first detailed map of Greece, in Vienna, and was murdered by Ottoman agents in 1798.[page needed]

qas: question: In which year did the Society of Friends begin?
answers: text: 1814

question: The Society of Friends goal was what?
answers: text: liberating Greece

question: The Society of Friends was also known by what name?
answers: text: Filiki Eteria

question: The first of several revolutions began when?
answers: text: 6 March 1821

question: War was started with the Ottomans when?
answers: text: 17 March 1821
context: In 1814, a secret organization called the Filiki Eteria (Society of Friends) was founded with the aim of liberating Greece. The Filiki Eteria planned to launch revolution in the Peloponnese, the Danubian Principalities and Constantinople. The first of these revolts began on 6 March 1821 in the Danubian Principalities under the leadership of Alexandros Ypsilantis, but it was soon put down by the Ottomans. The events in the north spurred the Greeks of the Peloponnese into action and on 17 March 1821 the Maniots declared war on the Ottomans.

qas: question: In what year did the Greeks take Tripolitsa?
answers: text: 1821

question: Who was the leader of the Greek revolt in 1821?
answers: text: Theodoros Kolokotronis

question: The Greek and Ottoman Navy fought in which waters?
answers: text: Aegean Sea

question: Turks and Egyptians attacked Greek island in what years?
answers: text: 1822 and 1824
context: By the end of the month, the Peloponnese was in open revolt against the Ottomans and by October 1821 the Greeks under Theodoros Kolokotronis had captured Tripolitsa. The Peloponnesian revolt was quickly followed by revolts in Crete, Macedonia and Central Greece, which would soon be suppressed. Meanwhile, the makeshift Greek navy was achieving success against the Ottoman navy in the Aegean Sea and prevented Ottoman reinforcements from arriving by sea. In 1822 and 1824 the Turks and Egyptians ravaged the islands, including Chios and Psara, committing wholesale massacres of the population. This had the effect of galvanizing public opinion in western Europe in favor of the Greek rebels.[page needed]

qas: question: How many successive civil wars occurred between Greek clans?
answers: text: two

question: Who did Egypt send to Greece with an Army?
answers: text: Ibrahim Pasha

question: Ibrahim Pasha landed with his army when?
answers: text: February 1825

question: In what year did Missolonghi fall to the Egyptians?
answers: text: 1826

question: Ibrahim Pasha finally faced defeat where?
answers: text: Mani
context: Tensions soon developed among different Greek factions, leading to two consecutive civil wars. Meanwhile, the Ottoman Sultan negotiated with Mehmet Ali of Egypt, who agreed to send his son Ibrahim Pasha to Greece with an army to suppress the revolt in return for territorial gain. Ibrahim landed in the Peloponnese in February 1825 and had immediate success: by the end of 1825, most of the Peloponnese was under Egyptian control, and the city of Missolonghi—put under siege by the Turks since April 1825—fell in April 1826. Although Ibrahim was defeated in Mani, he had succeeded in suppressing most of the revolt in the Peloponnese and Athens had been retaken.

qas: question: What three countries sent their Navy to Greece?
answers: text: Russia, the United Kingdom and France

question: Which navy's ships intended to attack Hydra?
answers: text: Ottoman–Egyptian

question: Which navy won the battle of Hydra?
answers: text: the allied fleet

question: The recognition of a Greek state happened in what year?
answers: text: 1830

question: What was the agreement that recognized Greece as a state called?
answers: text: London Protocol
context: After years of negotiation, three Great Powers, Russia, the United Kingdom and France, decided to intervene in the conflict and each nation sent a navy to Greece. Following news that combined Ottoman–Egyptian fleets were going to attack the Greek island of Hydra, the allied fleet intercepted the Ottoman–Egyptian fleet at Navarino. After a week-long standoff, a battle began which resulted in the destruction of the Ottoman–Egyptian fleet. A French expeditionary force was dispatched to supervise the evacuation of the Egyptian army from the Peloponnese, while the Greeks proceeded to the captured part of Central Greece by 1828. As a result of years of negotiation, the nascent Greek state was finally recognized under the London Protocol in 1830.

qas: question: In 1893 Greece announced what?
answers: text: public insolvency

question: To pay off the people they owed, Greece had to accept what?
answers: text: International Financial Control authority

question: The people of Greece that had higher education saw what dialect as beneath them?
answers: text: Demotic

question: A hot topic in Greece in the 19th century was what?
answers: text: language
context: Corruption and Trikoupis' increased spending to create necessary infrastructure like the Corinth Canal overtaxed the weak Greek economy, forcing the declaration of public insolvency in 1893 and to accept the imposition of an International Financial Control authority to pay off the country's debtors. Another political issue in 19th-century Greece was uniquely Greek: the language question. The Greek people spoke a form of Greek called Demotic. Many of the educated elite saw this as a peasant dialect and were determined to restore the glories of Ancient Greek.

qas: question: War between Russia and the Ottomans began in what year?
answers: text: 1877

question: A revolt lasted for 3 years on which Greek island?
answers: text: Crete

question: In what year did the Treaty of Berlin occur?
answers: text: 1881
context: All Greeks were united, however, in their determination to liberate the Greek-speaking provinces of the Ottoman Empire, regardless of the dialect they spoke. Especially in Crete, a prolonged revolt in 1866–1869 had raised nationalist fervour. When war broke out between Russia and the Ottomans in 1877, Greek popular sentiment rallied to Russia's side, but Greece was too poor, and too concerned of British intervention, to officially enter the war. Nevertheless, in 1881, Thessaly and small parts of Epirus were ceded to Greece as part of the Treaty of Berlin, while frustrating Greek hopes of receiving Crete.

qas: question: What divided Greece into two political groups?
answers: text: the country's foreign policy

question: How many governments did Greece have in World War 1?
answers: text: two

question: When Greece entered World War I, on whose side did they fight?
answers: text: the Triple Entente

question: Greece's multiple governments came together in what year?
answers: text: 1917
context: At the end of the Balkan Wars, the extent of Greece's territory and population had increased. In the following years, the struggle between King Constantine I and charismatic Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over the country's foreign policy on the eve of World War I dominated the country's political scene, and divided the country into two opposing groups. During parts of the First World War, Greece had two governments; a royalist pro-German government in Athens and a Venizelist pro-Britain one in Thessaloniki. The two governments were united in 1917, when Greece officially entered the war on the side of the Triple Entente.

qas: question: What years did the Greco-Turkish war take place?
answers: text: 1919–1922

question: After World War I, Greece wanted to expand into what area?
answers: text: Asia Minor

question: An exchange of people between Greece and Turkey took place under what agreement?
answers: text: Treaty of Lausanne

question: In what time period did the genocide of Greeks take place?
answers: text: 1914-1922

question: Who caused the deaths of thousands of Greeks?
answers: text: Ottoman and Turkish officials
context: In the aftermath of the First World War, Greece attempted further expansion into Asia Minor, a region with a large native Greek population at the time, but was defeated in the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922, contributing to a massive flight of Asia Minor Greeks. These events overlapped, with both happening during the Greek genocide (1914-1922), a period during which, according to various sources, Ottoman and Turkish officials contributed to the death of several hundred thousand Asia Minor Greeks. The resultant Greek exodus from Asia Minor was made permanent, and expanded, in an official Population exchange between Greece and Turkey. The exchange was part of the terms of the Treaty of Lausanne which ended the war.

qas: question: How many Greek refugees came from Turkey?
answers: text: 1.5 million

question: Pontian and Cappadocian refugees were relocated to where?
answers: text: Macedonian mountains

question: Demotic speaking Greek refugees were placed where?
answers: text: Greek Isles and cities
context: The following era was marked by instability, as over 1.5 million propertyless Greek refugees from Turkey had to be integrated into Greek society. Because the term "Greeks" in the exchange was based on religion Cappadocian Greeks, Pontian Greeks, and non Greek followers of Greek Orthodoxy were all subject to the exchange as well. Many of these refugees couldn't even speak the language, and were from alien environments, such as the case of the non Greeks and Cappadocians. The refugees also made a dramatic post war population boost, as the amount of refugees was more than a quarter of Greece's prior population. The task was undertaken by settling the Pontians and Cappadocians in the Macedonian mountains, where they would adapt better, and settling the Demotic speakers and non Greeks in the Greek Isles and cities, where they were already adapted to.

qas: question: The Greek Monarchy was abolished when?
answers: text: 1924

question: In 1924, what was established?
answers: text: Second Hellenic Republic

question: Who became the Greek leader in 1935?
answers: text: Premier Georgios Kondylis

question: The Greek monarchy was reestablished by who?
answers: text: Premier Georgios Kondylis

question: In what year did a coup take place and new dictatorship form?
answers: text: 1936
context: Following the catastrophic events in Asia Minor, the monarchy was abolished via a referendum in 1924 and the Second Hellenic Republic was declared. Premier Georgios Kondylis took power in 1935 and effectively abolished the republic by bringing back the monarchy via a referendum in 1935. A coup d'état followed in 1936 and installed Ioannis Metaxas as the head of a dictatorial regime known as the 4th of August Regime. Although a dictatorship, Greece remained on good terms with Britain and was not allied with the Axis.

qas: question: How many Greeks starved due to Nazi occupation?
answers: text: Over 100,000

question: In what years did thousands of Greeks starve?
answers: text: 1941–1942

question: What civilian group in Greece fought against Nazi occupation?
answers: text: The Greek Resistance

question: How many Greek citizens were displace due to Nazi retaliations?
answers: text: almost 1,000,000
context: Greece was eventually occupied by the Nazis who proceeded to administer Athens and Thessaloniki, while other regions of the country were given to Nazi Germany's partners, Fascist Italy and Bulgaria. The occupation brought about terrible hardships for the Greek civilian population. Over 100,000 civilians died of starvation during the winter of 1941–1942, tens of thousands more died because of reprisals by Nazis and collaborators, the country's economy was ruined and the great majority of Greek Jews were deported and murdered in Nazi concentration camps. The Greek Resistance, one of the most effective resistance movements in Europe fought vehemently against the Nazis and their collaborators. The German occupiers committed numerous atrocities, mass executions, and wholesale slaughter of civilians and destruction of towns and villages in reprisals. In the course of the concerted anti-guerrilla campaign, hundreds of villages were systematically torched and almost 1,000,000 Greeks left homeless. In total, the Germans executed some 21,000 Greeks, the Bulgarians 40,000 and the Italians 9,000.

qas: question: Who founded the PASOK?
answers: text: Andreas Papandreou

question: What does PASOK stand for?
answers: text: Panhellenic Socialist Movement

question: In what year did Greece rejoin NATO?
answers: text: 1980

question: Greece joined what later became the European Union when?
answers: text: 1 January 1981

question: Earthquakes hit both Greece and Turkey in which year?
answers: text: 1999
context: Meanwhile, Andreas Papandreou founded the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK) in response to Karamanlis's conservative New Democracy party, with the two political formations alternating in government ever since. Greece rejoined NATO in 1980. Greece became the tenth member of the European Communities (subsequently subsumed by the European Union) on 1 January 1981, ushering in a period of sustained growth. Widespread investments in industrial enterprises and heavy infrastructure, as well as funds from the European Union and growing revenues from tourism, shipping and a fast-growing service sector raised the country's standard of living to unprecedented levels. Traditionally strained relations with neighbouring Turkey improved when successive earthquakes hit both nations in 1999, leading to the lifting of the Greek veto against Turkey's bid for EU membership.

qas: question: Greece is where geographically?
answers: text: Southern Europe

question: Where does Greece's coastline place in world rankings?
answers: text: 11th longest

question: How long is Greece's coastline?
answers: text: 8,498 mi
context: Located in Southern Europe, Greece consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the sea at the southern end of the Balkans, ending at the Peloponnese peninsula (separated from the mainland by the canal of the Isthmus of Corinth) and strategically located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Due to its highly indented coastline and numerous islands, Greece has the 11th longest coastline in the world with 13,676 km (8,498 mi); its land boundary is 1,160 km (721 mi). The country lies approximately between latitudes 34° and 42° N, and longitudes 19° and 30° E, with the extreme points being:

qas: question: How tall is Mount Olympus?
answers: text: 9,573 ft

question: The tallest mountain in the Pindus range is what?
answers: text: Mt. Smolikas

question: How tall is Mt. Smolikas?
answers: text: 8,652 ft
context: Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe. Mount Olympus, the mythical abode of the Greek Gods, culminates at Mytikas peak 2,918 metres (9,573 ft), the highest in the country. Western Greece contains a number of lakes and wetlands and is dominated by the Pindus mountain range. The Pindus, a continuation of the Dinaric Alps, reaches a maximum elevation of 2,637 m (8,652 ft) at Mt. Smolikas (the second-highest in Greece) and historically has been a significant barrier to east-west travel.

qas: question: Where does the Pindus mountain range end?
answers: text: the island of Crete

question: Islands in the Aegean Sea are formed by what?
answers: text: underwater mountains

question: What is the deepest gorge in the world?
answers: text: Vikos Gorge
context: The Pindus range continues through the central Peloponnese, crosses the islands of Kythera and Antikythera and finds its way into southwestern Aegean, in the island of Crete where it eventually ends. The islands of the Aegean are peaks of underwater mountains that once constituted an extension of the mainland. Pindus is characterized by its high, steep peaks, often dissected by numerous canyons and a variety of other karstic landscapes. The spectacular Vikos Gorge, part of the Vikos-Aoos National Park in the Pindus range, is listed by the Guinness book of World Records as the deepest gorge in the world. Another notable formation are the Meteora rock pillars, atop which have been built medieval Greek Orthodox monasteries.

qas: question: The Saronic gulf is near what city?
answers: text: Athens

question: The Cyclade islands are located where?
answers: text: central part of the Aegean Sea

question: The North Aegean islands are located where?
answers: text: west coast of Turkey

question: The Dodecanese islands are located where?
answers: text: between Crete and Turkey

question: The Sporades islands are located where?
answers: text: off the coast of northeast Euboea
context: The Greek islands are traditionally grouped into the following clusters: The Argo-Saronic Islands in the Saronic gulf near Athens, the Cyclades, a large but dense collection occupying the central part of the Aegean Sea, the North Aegean islands, a loose grouping off the west coast of Turkey, the Dodecanese, another loose collection in the southeast between Crete and Turkey, the Sporades, a small tight group off the coast of northeast Euboea, and the Ionian Islands, located to the west of the mainland in the Ionian Sea.

qas: question: Greece's climate is mainly of what type?
answers: text: Mediterranean

question: Greece's climate is affected by what range?
answers: text: Pindus mountain range

question: East of the Pindus mountains, the climate is drier due to what?
answers: text: a rain shadow effect
context: The climate of Greece is primarily Mediterranean, featuring mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. This climate occurs at all coastal locations, including Athens, the Cyclades, the Dodecanese, Crete, the Peloponnese, the Ionian Islands and parts of the Central Continental Greece region. The Pindus mountain range strongly affects the climate of the country, as areas to the west of the range are considerably wetter on average (due to greater exposure to south-westerly systems bringing in moisture) than the areas lying to the east of the range (due to a rain shadow effect).

qas: question: The climate of Greece in the Northwest is known as what?
answers: text: Alpine climate

question: The Alpine climate of Greece gets what kind of weather?
answers: text: heavy snowfalls

question: Northern Greece inland features what type of climate?
answers: text: temperate

question: It has been known to snow even in what Southern city?
answers: text: Athens
context: The mountainous areas of Northwestern Greece (parts of Epirus, Central Greece, Thessaly, Western Macedonia) as well as in the mountainous central parts of Peloponnese – including parts of the regional units of Achaea, Arcadia and Laconia – feature an Alpine climate with heavy snowfalls. The inland parts of northern Greece, in Central Macedonia and East Macedonia and Thrace feature a temperate climate with cold, damp winters and hot, dry summers with frequent thunderstorms. Snowfalls occur every year in the mountains and northern areas, and brief snowfalls are not unknown even in low-lying southern areas, such as Athens.

qas: question: Greece's plant distribution belongs to what?
answers: text: the Boreal Kingdom

question: How many ecoregions occupies Greece?
answers: text: six

question: The Pindus and Balkan ecoregions are known as what?
answers: text: mixed forests

question: The Crete ecoregion is known as what?
answers: text: Mediterranean forests

question: The Illyrian ecoregion is known as what?
answers: text: deciduous forests
context: Phytogeographically, Greece belongs to the Boreal Kingdom and is shared between the East Mediterranean province of the Mediterranean Region and the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature and the European Environment Agency, the territory of Greece can be subdivided into six ecoregions: the Illyrian deciduous forests, Pindus Mountains mixed forests, Balkan mixed forests, Rhodope montane mixed forests, Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests and Crete Mediterranean forests.

qas: question: What type of republic is Greece?
answers: text: unitary parliamentary

question: What is the title of the leader of Greece?
answers: text: President of the Republic

question: Who elects the president of Greece?
answers: text: the Parliament

question: How long does the President of Greece serve?
answers: text: five-year term

question: Greece's constitution has how many articles?
answers: text: 120
context: Greece is a unitary parliamentary republic. The nominal head of state is the President of the Republic, who is elected by the Parliament for a five-year term. The current Constitution was drawn up and adopted by the Fifth Revisionary Parliament of the Hellenes and entered into force in 1975 after the fall of the military junta of 1967–1974. It has been revised three times since, in 1986, 2001 and 2008. The Constitution, which consists of 120 articles, provides for a separation of powers into executive, legislative, and judicial branches, and grants extensive specific guarantees (further reinforced in 2001) of civil liberties and social rights. Women's suffrage was guaranteed with an amendment to the 1952 Constitution.

qas: question: The constitution was amended to reduce the President's power in what year?
answers: text: 1986

question: Who has the most political power in Greece?
answers: text: Prime Minister

question: The Prime Minister is elected by who?
answers: text: the Parliament

question: Who formally names the Prime Minister?
answers: text: President of the Republic
context: According to the Constitution, executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government. From the Constitutional amendment of 1986 the President's duties were curtailed to a significant extent, and they are now largely ceremonial; most political power thus lies in the hands of the Prime Minister. The position of Prime Minister, Greece's head of government, belongs to the current leader of the political party that can obtain a vote of confidence by the Parliament. The President of the Republic formally appoints the Prime Minister and, on his recommendation, appoints and dismisses the other members of the Cabinet.

qas: question: How many members are in Greece's parliament? 
answers: text: 300

question: How often are elections help for parliament?
answers: text: every four years

question: Parliamentary statutes are put into effect by who? 
answers: text: President of the Republic
context: Legislative powers are exercised by a 300-member elective unicameral Parliament. Statutes passed by the Parliament are promulgated by the President of the Republic. Parliamentary elections are held every four years, but the President of the Republic is obliged to dissolve the Parliament earlier on the proposal of the Cabinet, in view of dealing with a national issue of exceptional importance. The President is also obliged to dissolve the Parliament earlier, if the opposition manages to pass a motion of no confidence.

qas: question: In May 2012, who started the parliamentary elections?
answers: text: The coalition government

question: What led to the loss of power of traditional Greek parties? 
answers: text: their support on the politics of Mnimonio and the austerity measures

question: Who became the second major party after the elections?
answers: text: The leftist party of SYRIZA

question: What caused the second election of 2012? 
answers: text: No party could form a sustainable government

question: What was the demographic result of the second election?
answers: text: coalition government composed of New Democracy (29%), PASOK (12%) and Democratic Left (6%) parties.
context: The coalition government led the country to the parliamentary elections of May 2012. The power of the traditional Greek political parties, PASOK and New Democracy, declined from 43% to 13% and from 33% to 18%, respectively, due to their support on the politics of Mnimonio and the austerity measures. The leftist party of SYRIZA became the second major party, with an increase from 4% to 16%. No party could form a sustainable government, which led to the parliamentary elections of June 2012. The result of the second elections was the formation of a coalition government composed of New Democracy (29%), PASOK (12%) and Democratic Left (6%) parties.

qas: question: Who is the head for Greece's foreign policy?
answers: text: Minister for Foreign Affairs

question: Who is the present Minister of Foreign Affairs?
answers: text: Nikos Kotzias

question: The goal of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is what?
answers: text: represent Greece before other states and international organizations

question: Greece is though of as what kind of power?
answers: text: a middle power

question: Greece has how much strategic importance?
answers: text: significant
context: Greece's foreign policy is conducted through the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and its head, the Minister for Foreign Affairs. The current minister is Nikos Kotzias. According to the official website, the main aims of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs are to represent Greece before other states and international organizations; safeguarding the interests of the Greek state and of its citizens abroad; the promotion of Greek culture; the fostering of closer relations with the Greek diaspora; and the promotion of international cooperation. Additionally, due to its political and geographical proximity to Europe, Asia, the Middle East and Africa, Greece is a country of significant geostrategic importance and is considered to be a middle power and has developed a regional policy to help promote peace and stability in the Balkans, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East.

qas: question: What type of military service does Greece require?
answers: text: universal compulsory

question: Can females be drafted into the military?
answers: text: females are exempted from conscription

question: What is the length of military service required of men?
answers: text: nine months

question: At what age might men required to serve in the National Guard?
answers: text: 18 and 60
context: Greece has universal compulsory military service for males, while females are exempted from conscription but may otherwise serve in the military. As of 2009[update], mandatory military service is nine months for male citizens between the ages of 19 and 45. Additionally, Greek males between the age of 18 and 60 who live in strategically sensitive areas may be required to serve part-time in the National Guard. However, as the military has sought to become a completely professional force, the government has promised to reduce mandatory military service or abolish it completely.

qas: question: How many regions exist in Greece since 2011?
answers: text: thirteen

question: How many municipalities exist in Greece? 
answers: text: 325

question: What went into effect on January 1, 2011?
answers: text: Kallikratis programme reform

question: What is the one autonomous area in Greece?
answers: text: Mount Athos

question: Where is Mount Athos located?
answers: text: borders the region of Central Macedonia
context: Since the Kallikratis programme reform entered into effect on 1 January 2011, Greece has consisted of thirteen regions subdivided into a total of 325 municipalities. The 54 old prefectures and prefecture-level administrations have been largely retained as sub-units of the regions. Seven decentralized administrations group one to three regions for administrative purposes on a regional basis. There is also one autonomous area, Mount Athos (Greek: Agio Oros, "Holy Mountain"), which borders the region of Central Macedonia.

qas: question: The largest sector of Greece's economy is what?
answers: text: the service sector

question: What percentage of the economy is Greece's service sector?
answers: text: 85.0%

question: What percentage of the economy does agriculture comprise?
answers: text: 3.0%

question: How many tourist visited Greece in 2009?
answers: text: 14.9 million

question: Greece holds what rank among most visited countries in the world?
answers: text: 16th
context: Greece is a developed country with high standards of living[citation needed] and high Human Development Index. Its economy mainly comprises the service sector (85.0%) and industry (12.0%), while agriculture makes up 3.0% of the national economic output. Important Greek industries include tourism (with 14.9 million international tourists in 2009, it is ranked as the 7th most visited country in the European Union and 16th in the world by the United Nations World Tourism Organization) and merchant shipping (at 16.2% of the world's total capacity, the Greek merchant marine is the largest in the world), while the country is also a considerable agricultural producer (including fisheries) within the union.

qas: question: Greece's economy is what size?
answers: text: larger than all the Balkan economies combined

question: What rank does Greece hold as an Albania investor?
answers: text: number-two

question: What rank does Greece hold as an Bulgaria investor?
answers: text: number-three

question: Greece is the largest foreign investor of what area? 
answers: text: Republic of Macedonia

question: OTE is known as what?
answers: text: Greek telecommunications company
context: With an economy larger than all the Balkan economies combined, Greece is the largest economy in the Balkans, and an important regional investor. Greece is the number-two foreign investor of capital in Albania, the number-three foreign investor in Bulgaria, at the top-three of foreign investors in Romania and Serbia and the most important trading partner and largest foreign investor of the Republic of Macedonia. Greek banks open a new branch somewhere in the Balkans on an almost weekly basis. The Greek telecommunications company OTE has become a strong investor in Yugoslavia and other Balkan countries.

qas: question: What classification does the Greek economy hold?
answers: text: advanced and high-income

question: Greece help found what economic organizations?
answers: text: Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC)

question: When was Greece accepted into the European Union?
answers: text: 19 June 2000

question: When did Greece start using the Euro as its currency?
answers: text: January 2001

question: What was Greece's former currency?
answers: text: the Greek drachma
context: The Greek economy is classified as advanced and high-income. Greece was a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC). In 1979 the accession of the country in the European Communities and the single market was signed, and the process was completed in 1982. Greece was accepted into the Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union on 19 June 2000, and in January 2001 adopted the Euro as its currency, replacing the Greek drachma at an exchange rate of 340.75 drachma to the Euro. Greece is also a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Trade Organization, and is ranked 24th on the KOF Globalization Index for 2013.

qas: question: What was used to hide debts?
answers: text: swaps

question: Swaps allow Greece to do what?
answers: text: spend beyond their means

question: What other country hid its debt through swaps?
answers: text: Italy

question: What can legally be overcome with swaps?
answers: text: The Maastricht rules
context: According to Der Spiegel credits given to European governments were disguised as "swaps" and consequently did not get registered as debt. As Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives, a German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented quite legally through swaps," and "In previous years, Italy used a similar trick to mask its true debt with the help of a different US bank." These conditions had enabled Greek as well as many other European governments to spend beyond their means, while meeting the deficit targets of the European Union.

qas: question: Where is the Greek Merchant Navy ranked?
answers: text: 4th worldwide

question: How many ships does the Greek Merchant Navy have?
answers: text: 3,150

question: Where does Greece rank in number of tankers?
answers: text: first
context: In terms of total number of ships, the Greek Merchant Navy stands at 4th worldwide, with 3,150 ships (741 of which are registered in Greece whereas the rest 2,409 in other ports). In terms of ship categories, Greece ranks first in both tankers and dry bulk carriers, fourth in the number of containers, and fifth in other ships. However, today's fleet roster is smaller than an all-time high of 5,000 ships in the late 1970s. Additionally, the total number of ships flying a Greek flag (includes non-Greek fleets) is 1,517, or 5.3% of the world's dwt (ranked 5th).

qas: question: Where does most of Greece's visitors come from?
answers: text: the European continent

question: How many of Greece's visitors are from Europe?
answers: text: 12.7 million

question: What is the single nation with the most visitors?
answers: text: United Kingdom

question: Which part of Greece is the most visited?
answers: text: Central Macedonia

question: Northern Greece gets how many visitors?
answers: text: 6.5 million
context: The vast majority of visitors in Greece in 2007 came from the European continent, numbering 12.7 million, while the most visitors from a single nationality were those from the United Kingdom, (2.6 million), followed closely by those from Germany (2.3 million). In 2010, the most visited region of Greece was that of Central Macedonia, with 18% of the country's total tourist flow (amounting to 3.6 million tourists), followed by Attica with 2.6 million and the Peloponnese with 1.8 million. Northern Greece is the country's most-visited geographical region, with 6.5 million tourists, while Central Greece is second with 6.3 million.

qas: question: How long is the Greek railway system?
answers: text: 1,600 mi

question: A current railway upgrade plans to do what?
answers: text: double lines

question: A new modern rail connection has been made between which two cities?
answers: text: Athens and Thessaloniki
context: Railway connections play a somewhat lesser role in Greece than in many other European countries, but they too have also been expanded, with new suburban/commuter rail connections, serviced by Proastiakos around Athens, towards its airport, Kiato and Chalkida; around Thessaloniki, towards the cities of Larissa and Edessa; and around Patras. A modern intercity rail connection between Athens and Thessaloniki has also been established, while an upgrade to double lines in many parts of the 2,500 km (1,600 mi) network is underway. International railway lines connect Greek cities with the rest of Europe, the Balkans and Turkey.

qas: question: In recent years, what usage has risen dramatically?
answers: text: 3G/4G mobile internet

question: How much did internet usage increase in one year?
answers: text: 340%

question: Where does Greece rank in the work with communications?
answers: text: among the top 30 countries
context: Internet cafés that provide net access, office applications and multiplayer gaming are also a common sight in the country, while mobile internet on 3G and 4G- LTE cellphone networks and Wi-Fi connections can be found almost everywhere. 3G/4G mobile internet usage has been on a sharp increase in recent years, with a 340% increase between August 2011 and August 2012. The United Nations International Telecommunication Union ranks Greece among the top 30 countries with a highly developed information and communications infrastructure.

qas: question: Greece has been a member of what agency since 2005?
answers: text: European Space Agency (ESA)

question: Greece and ESA signed their first agreement in what year?
answers: text: 1994

question: When did /Greece apply for ESA membership?
answers: text: 2003

question: Greece is ranked as what member of ESA?
answers: text: sixteenth

question: Greece became a full ESA member when?
answers: text: 16 March 2005
context: Greece's technology parks with incubator facilities include the Science and Technology Park of Crete (Heraklion), the Thessaloniki Technology Park, the Lavrio Technology Park and the Patras Science Park, the Science and Technology Park of Epirus (Ioannina). Greece has been a member of the European Space Agency (ESA) since 2005. Cooperation between ESA and the Hellenic National Space Committee began in the early 1990s. In 1994 Greece and ESA signed their first cooperation agreement. Having formally applied for full membership in 2003, Greece became the ESA's sixteenth member on 16 March 2005. As member of the ESA, Greece participates in the agency's telecommunication and technology activities, and the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security Initiative.

qas: question: What Greek scientist invented the Pap test?
answers: text: Georgios Papanikolaou

question: Who found the tomb of Philip II of Macedon?
answers: text: Manolis Andronikos

question: What Greek won the 2007 Turing award?
answers: text: Joseph Sifakis

question: What Greek won the 2002 Knuth prize?
answers: text: Christos Papadimitriou

question: What Greek won the 2005 Knuth prize?
answers: text: Mihalis Yannakakis
context: Notable Greek scientists of modern times include Dimitrios Galanos, Georgios Papanikolaou (inventor of the Pap test), Nicholas Negroponte, Constantin Carathéodory (known for the Carathéodory theorems and Carathéodory conjecture), Manolis Andronikos (discovered the tomb of Philip II of Macedon in Vergina), Michael Dertouzos, John Argyris, Panagiotis Kondylis, John Iliopoulos (2007 Dirac Prize for his contributions on the physics of the charm quark, a major contribution to the birth of the Standard Model, the modern theory of Elementary Particles), Joseph Sifakis (2007 Turing Award, the "Nobel Prize" of Computer Science), Christos Papadimitriou (2002 Knuth Prize, 2012 Gödel Prize), Mihalis Yannakakis (2005 Knuth Prize), Dimitri Nanopoulos and Helene Ahrweiler.

qas: question: What is the religious minority in Greece?
answers: text: Muslim

question: The Muslim minority is mostly located in what city?
answers: text: Thrace

question: Immigrants from Albania are usually what religion?
answers: text: Muslim

question: Greek Muslims were in a population exchange with what country?
answers: text: Turkey
context: Estimates of the recognized Greek Muslim minority, which is mostly located in Thrace, range from 98,000 to 140,000, (about 1%) while the immigrant Muslim community numbers between 200,000 and 300,000. Albanian immigrants to Greece are usually associated with the Muslim religion, although most are secular in orientation. Following the 1919–1922 Greco-Turkish War and the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, Greece and Turkey agreed to a population transfer based on cultural and religious identity. About 500,000 Muslims from Greece, predominantly those defined as Turks, but also Greek Muslims like the Vallahades of western Macedonia, were exchanged with approximately 1,500,000 Greeks from Turkey. However, many refugees who settled in former Ottoman Muslim villages in Central Macedonia and were defined as Christian Orthodox Caucasus Greeks arrived from the former Russian Transcaucasus province of Kars Oblast after it had been retroceded to Turkey but in the few years before the official population exchange.

qas: question: How many Greek natural citizens are Catholic?
answers: text: 50,000

question: How many Roman Catholic immigrants are in Greece?
answers: text: 200,000

question: How many Protestants live in Greece? 
answers: text: 30,000

question: How many churches does the biggest Protestant denomination have?
answers: text: 120

question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses are in Greece?
answers: text: 28,874
context: Greek citizens who are Roman Catholic are estimated to be at around 50,000 with the Roman Catholic immigrant community in the country approximately 200,000. Old Calendarists account for 500,000 followers. Protestants, including Greek Evangelical Church and Free Evangelical Churches, stand at about 30,000. Assemblies of God, International Church of the Foursquare Gospel and other Pentecostal churches of the Greek Synod of Apostolic Church have 12,000 members. Independent Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost is the biggest Protestant denomination in Greece with 120 churches. There are not official statistics about Free Apostolic Church of Pentecost, but the Orthodox Church estimates the followers as 20,000. The Jehovah's Witnesses report having 28,874 active members. In recent years there has been a small-scale revival of the ancient Greek religion, with estimates of 2,000 people active practitioners, and 100,000 "sympathisers".

qas: question: When did the Greek Language dispute take place?
answers: text: During the 19th and 20th centuries

question: When was the Greek language Katharevousa created?
answers: text: the 19th century

question: Which language was considered the language of the people?
answers: text: Dimotiki

question: What language was made the only official variation in 1976?
answers: text: Dimotiki

question: From which language did Dimotiki evolve?
answers: text: Byzantine Greek
context: During the 19th and 20th centuries there was a major dispute known as the Greek language question, on whether the official language of Greece should be the archaic Katharevousa, created in the 19th century and used as the state and scholarly language, or the Dimotiki, the form of the Greek language which evolved naturally from Byzantine Greek and was the language of the people. The dispute was finally resolved in 1976, when Dimotiki was made the only official variation of the Greek language, and Katharevousa fell to disuse.

qas: question: What is the language spoken by most Greeks?
answers: text: Greek

question: Greeks who speak the Pontic dialect came from where?
answers: text: Asia Minor

question: Which Greek dialect is barely spoken currently?
answers: text: Cappadocian

question: From which language did the Tsakonian language derive? 
answers: text: Doric Greek
context: Greece is today relatively homogeneous in linguistic terms, with a large majority of the native population using Greek as their first or only language. Among the Greek-speaking population, speakers of the distinctive Pontic dialect came to Greece from Asia Minor after the Greek genocide and constitute a sizable group. The Cappadocian dialect came to Greece due to the genocide as well, but is endangered and is barely spoken now. Indigenous Greek dialects include the archaic Greek spoken by the Sarakatsani, traditionally transhument mountain shepherds of Greek Macedonia and other parts of Northern Greece. The Tsakonian language, a distinct Greek language deriving from Doric Greek instead of Ionic Greek, is still spoken in some villages in the southeastern Peloponnese.

qas: question: Muslims make up how much of the Greek population?
answers: text: 0.95%

question: Minority languages have been reduce due to what?
answers: text: assimilation with the Greek-speaking majority

question: In parts of the country, Romani is spoken by who?
answers: text: Christian Roma

question: What groups are called Vlachs?
answers: text: Aromanians and Moglenites
context: The Muslim minority in Thrace, which amounts to approximately 0.95% of the total population, consists of speakers of Turkish, Bulgarian (Pomaks) and Romani. Romani is also spoken by Christian Roma in other parts of the country. Further minority languages have traditionally been spoken by regional population groups in various parts of the country. Their use has decreased radically in the course of the 20th century through assimilation with the Greek-speaking majority. Today they are only maintained by the older generations and are on the verge of extinction. This goes for the Arvanites, an Albanian-speaking group mostly located in the rural areas around the capital Athens, and for the Aromanians and Moglenites, also known as Vlachs, whose language is closely related to Romanian and who used to live scattered across several areas of mountainous central Greece. Members of these groups ethnically identify as Greeks and are today all at least bilingual in Greek.

qas: question: Where are Slavic speaking groups generally found?
answers: text: northern Greek borders

question: Macedonia has how many Slavic speakers?
answers: text: 200,000 to 400,000

question: Greece's Jewish community spoke what language traditionally?
answers: text: Ladino

question: The Urums are known to speak what dialect?
answers: text: Greco-Turkic
context: Near the northern Greek borders there are also some Slavic–speaking groups, locally known as Slavomacedonian-speaking, most of whose members identify ethnically as Greeks. Their dialects can be linguistically classified as forms of either Macedonian Slavic or Bulgarian. It is estimated that after the population exchanges of 1923, Macedonia had 200,000 to 400,000 Slavic speakers. The Jewish community in Greece traditionally spoke Ladino (Judeo-Spanish), today maintained only by a few thousand speakers. Other notable minority languages include Armenian, Georgian, and the Greco-Turkic dialect spoken by the Urums, a community of Caucasus Greeks from the Tsalka region of central Georgia and ethnic Greeks from southeastern Ukraine who arrived in mainly Northern Greece as economic migrants in the 1990s.

qas: question: In 2001, how many Greek residents were not citizens?
answers: text: 762,191

question: In 2001, what was the population percentage of resident non-citizens?
answers: text: 7%

question: From where did most non-citizen residents come? 
answers: text: Eastern European countries

question: What is the total Albanian population in Greece?
answers: text: 600,000
context: A study from the Mediterranean Migration Observatory maintains that the 2001 census recorded 762,191 persons residing in Greece without Greek citizenship, constituting around 7% of total population. Of the non-citizen residents, 48,560 were EU or European Free Trade Association nationals and 17,426 were Cypriots with privileged status. The majority come from Eastern European countries: Albania (56%), Bulgaria (5%) and Romania (3%), while migrants from the former Soviet Union (Georgia, Russia, Ukraine, Moldova, etc.) comprise 10% of the total. Some of the immigrants from Albania are from the Greek minority in Albania centred on the region of Northern Epirus. In addition the total Albanian national population which includes temporary migrants and undocumented persons is around 600,000.

qas: question: Greece is a major destination for what to enter?
answers: text: illegal immigrants

question: In 2012, most illegal immigrants entered Greece from where?
answers: text: Afghanistan

question: Immigrants arriving by sea are coming mainly for what reason?
answers: text: Syrian civil war

question: How many immigrants arrived by sea in 2015?
answers: text: 856,723

question: What percentage of sea immigrants asked for asylum in Greece?
answers: text: 8%
context: Greece, together with Italy and Spain, is a major entry point for illegal immigrants trying to enter the EU. Illegal immigrants entering Greece mostly do so from the border with Turkey at the Evros River and the islands of the eastern Aegean across from Turkey (mainly Lesbos, Chios, Kos, and Samos). In 2012, the majority of illegal immigrants entering Greece came from Afghanistan, followed by Pakistanis and Bangladeshis. In 2015, arrivals of refugees by sea have increased dramatically mainly due to the ongoing Syrian civil war. There were 856,723 arrivals by sea in Greece, an almost fivefold increase to the same period of 2014, of which the Syrians represent almost 45%. An estimated 8% of the arrivals applied for asylum in Greece.

qas: question: Paideia is also known as what?
answers: text: education

question: The first European university was created in what city?
answers: text: Constantinople

question: When was Constantinople taken over by the Ottoman?
answers: text: 1453
context: Greeks have a long tradition of valuing and investing in paideia (education). Paideia was one of the highest societal values in the Greek and Hellenistic world while the first European institution described as a university was founded in 5th century Constantinople and operated in various incarnations until the city's fall to the Ottomans in 1453. The University of Constantinople was Christian Europe's first secular institution of higher learning since no theological subjects were taught, and considering the original meaning of the world university as a corporation of students, the world’s first university as well.

qas: question: Greece's secondary education has how many school types?
answers: text: two

question: What is one type of Greece's secondary education?
answers: text: unified upper secondary schools

question: What type of institute does secondary education also include?
answers: text: vocational training

question: What type of education do vocational institutes provide?
answers: text: formal but unclassified
context: Greece's post-compulsory secondary education consists of two school types: unified upper secondary schools (Γενικό Λύκειο, Genikό Lykeiό) and technical–vocational educational schools (Τεχνικά και Επαγγελματικά Εκπαιδευτήρια, "TEE"). Post-compulsory secondary education also includes vocational training institutes (Ινστιτούτα Επαγγελματικής Κατάρτισης, "IEK") which provide a formal but unclassified level of education. As they can accept both Gymnasio (lower secondary school) and Lykeio (upper secondary school) graduates, these institutes are not classified as offering a particular level of education.

qas: question: What is one of the education sectors according to the Framework Law?
answers: text: University sector

question: How long do the Tertiary institute courses last?
answers: text: 2 to 3 years

question: Examinations for Tertiary institutes are given at what grade level?
answers: text: third grade

question: At what age may students be admitted to Hellenic university through lottery?
answers: text: over twenty-two years old

question: What is the oldest university in the eastern Mediterranean? 
answers: text: The Capodistrian University of Athens
context: According to the Framework Law (3549/2007), Public higher education "Highest Educational Institutions" (Ανώτατα Εκπαιδευτικά Ιδρύματα, Anótata Ekpaideytiká Idrýmata, "ΑΕΙ") consists of two parallel sectors:the University sector (Universities, Polytechnics, Fine Arts Schools, the Open University) and the Technological sector (Technological Education Institutions (TEI) and the School of Pedagogic and Technological Education). There are also State Non-University Tertiary Institutes offering vocationally oriented courses of shorter duration (2 to 3 years) which operate under the authority of other Ministries. Students are admitted to these Institutes according to their performance at national level examinations taking place after completion of the third grade of Lykeio. Additionally, students over twenty-two years old may be admitted to the Hellenic Open University through a form of lottery. The Capodistrian University of Athens is the oldest university in the eastern Mediterranean.

qas: question: What kind of health care exists in Greece?
answers: text: universal health care

question: Where does Greece's health care system rank out of 191 countries surveyed?
answers: text: 14th

question: What rank does Greece hold for the condition of mothers and new born babies?
answers: text: 19th

question: In 2010, how many hospitals were there in Greece?
answers: text: 138

question: In 2011, plans were made to decrease hospitals to how many?
answers: text: 77
context: Greece has universal health care. In a 2000 World Health Organization report, its health care system ranked 14th in overall performance of 191 countries surveyed. In a 2013 Save the Children report, Greece was ranked the 19th best country (out of 176 countries surveyed) for the state of mothers and newborn babies. In 2010, there were 138 hospitals with 31,000 beds in the country, but on 1 July 2011, the Ministry for Health and Social Solidarity announced its plans to decrease the number to 77 hospitals with 36,035 beds, as a necessary reform to reduce expenses and further enhance healthcare standards.[disputed – discuss] Greece's healthcare expenditures as a percentage of GDP were 9.6% in 2007 according to a 2011 OECD report, just above the OECD average of 9.5%. The country has the largest number of doctors-to-population ratio of any OECD country.

qas: question: Where did Greece culture begin?
answers: text: Mycenaean Greece

question: What do historians credit with revitalizing Greek culture?
answers: text: Greek War of Independence

question: The evolution of Grecian culture has evolved over what time period?
answers: text: thousands of years
context: The culture of Greece has evolved over thousands of years, beginning in Mycenaean Greece and continuing most notably into Classical Greece, through the influence of the Roman Empire and its Greek Eastern continuation, the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire. Other cultures and nations, such as the Latin and Frankish states, the Ottoman Empire, the Venetian Republic, the Genoese Republic, and the British Empire have also left their influence on modern Greek culture, although historians credit the Greek War of Independence with revitalising Greece and giving birth to a single, cohesive entity of its multi-faceted culture.

qas: question: Ancient Greece was the birthplace of what?
answers: text: Western culture

question: What did Greece's political philosophy affect?
answers: text: Modern democracies

question: Greeks were pioneers in many scientific fields that require what?
answers: text: systematic thought
context: In ancient times, Greece was the birthplace of Western culture. Modern democracies owe a debt to Greek beliefs in government by the people, trial by jury, and equality under the law. The ancient Greeks pioneered in many fields that rely on systematic thought, including biology, geometry, history, philosophy, physics and mathematics. They introduced such important literary forms as epic and lyric poetry, history, tragedy, and comedy. In their pursuit of order and proportion, the Greeks created an ideal of beauty that strongly influenced Western art.

qas: question: Modern Greek theater began when?
answers: text: early 19th century

question: Modern Greek theater was influenced by what?
answers: text: Heptanesean theatre and melodrama

question: What was the first theater of modern Greece?
answers: text: Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù

question: What was the first Greek opera?
answers: text: The Parliamentary Candidate

question: Who created the first opera, The Parliamentary Candidate? 
answers: text: Spyridon Xyndas
context: The modern Greek theatre was born after the Greek independence, in the early 19th century, and initially was influenced by the Heptanesean theatre and melodrama, such as the Italian opera. The Nobile Teatro di San Giacomo di Corfù was the first theatre and opera house of modern Greece and the place where the first Greek opera, Spyridon Xyndas' The Parliamentary Candidate (based on an exclusively Greek libretto) was performed. During the late 19th and early 20th century, the Athenian theatre scene was dominated by revues, musical comedies, operettas and nocturnes and notable playwrights included Spyridon Samaras, Dionysios Lavrangas, Theophrastos Sakellaridis and others.

qas: question: Which disciple of Plato was considered the most important?
answers: text: Aristotle of Stagira

question: Plato's philosophy attempted to explain life from what standpoint?
answers: text: the supra-sensual

question: Aristotle's philosophy was based from what standpoint? 
answers: text: experience

question: What is the name of two schools of philosophy?
answers: text: Skepticism and Neoplatonism
context: Aristotle of Stagira, the most important disciple of Plato, shared with his teacher the title of the greatest philosopher of antiquity. But while Plato had sought to elucidate and explain things from the supra-sensual standpoint of the forms, his pupil preferred to start from the facts given us by experience. Except from these three most significant Greek philosophers other known schools of Greek philosophy from other founders during ancient times were Stoicism, Epicureanism, Skepticism and Neoplatonism.

qas: question: What are two works by Homer?
answers: text: Iliad and the Odyssey

question: During what time period did Homer write the Iliad and the Odyssey?
answers: text: 800 BC

question: Who were two major lyrical poets?
answers: text: Sappho and Pindar

question: When did drama first begin in history?
answers: text: Classical era
context: At the beginning of Greek literature stand the two monumental works of Homer: the Iliad and the Odyssey. Though dates of composition vary, these works were fixed around 800 BC or after. In the classical period many of the genres of western literature became more prominent. Lyrical poetry, odes, pastorals, elegies, epigrams; dramatic presentations of comedy and tragedy; historiography, rhetorical treatises, philosophical dialectics, and philosophical treatises all arose in this period. The two major lyrical poets were Sappho and Pindar. The Classical era also saw the dawn of drama.

qas: question: What year did cinema first appear in Greece?
answers: text: 1896

question: In what year did the first cinema theater open in Greece?
answers: text: 1907

question: In 1914 what was the name of the film company that was founded?
answers: text: Asty Films

question: What was the first Greek feature film?
answers: text: Golfo

question: Who directed the first nude scene in Greek film history?
answers: text: Orestis Laskos
context: Cinema first appeared in Greece in 1896 but the first actual cine-theatre was opened in 1907. In 1914 the Asty Films Company was founded and the production of long films began. Golfo (Γκόλφω), a well known traditional love story, is considered the first Greek feature film, although there were several minor productions such as newscasts before this. In 1931 Orestis Laskos directed Daphnis and Chloe (Δάφνις και Χλόη), containing the first nude scene in the history of European cinema; it was also the first Greek movie which was played abroad. In 1944 Katina Paxinou was honoured with the Best Supporting Actress Academy Award for For Whom the Bell Tolls.

qas: question: Which time period is considered the golden age of Greek cinema? 
answers: text: 1950s and early 1960s

question: During the Greek cinema golden age, how many films were made each year?
answers: text: More than sixty

question: Who directed the movie O Drakos in 1956?
answers: text: Nikos Koundouros

question: Who directed the movie Stella in 1955? 
answers: text: Cacoyannis

question: Who wrote the movie Stella in 1955?
answers: text: Kampanellis
context: The 1950s and early 1960s are considered by many to be a golden age of Greek cinema. Directors and actors of this era were recognized as important historical figures in Greece and some gained international acclaim: Irene Papas, Melina Mercouri, Mihalis Kakogiannis, Alekos Sakellarios, Nikos Tsiforos, Iakovos Kambanelis, Katina Paxinou, Nikos Koundouros, Ellie Lambeti, and others. More than sixty films per year were made, with the majority having film noir elements. Notable films were Η κάλπικη λίρα (1955 directed by Giorgos Tzavellas), Πικρό Ψωμί (1951, directed by Grigoris Grigoriou), O Drakos (1956 directed by Nikos Koundouros), Stella (1955 directed by Cacoyannis and written by Kampanellis).

qas: question: What other famous movie did Cacoyannis direct?
answers: text: Zorba the Greek

question: Who starred in the movie Zorba the Greek?
answers: text: Anthony Quinn

question: What film won the Palme d'Or at Cannes in 1998?
answers: text: Eternity and a Day

question: Who directed the film Eternity and a Day?
answers: text: Theo Angelopoulos
context: Cacoyannis also directed Zorba the Greek with Anthony Quinn which received Best Director, Best Adapted Screenplay and Best Film nominations. Finos Film also contributed to this period with movies such as Λατέρνα, Φτώχεια και Φιλότιμο, Madalena, Η Θεία από το Σικάγο, Το ξύλο βγήκε από τον Παράδεισο and many more. During the 1970s and 1980s Theo Angelopoulos directed a series of notable and appreciated movies. His film Eternity and a Day won the Palme d'Or and the Prize of the Ecumenical Jury at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival.

qas: question: What is a characteristic of the Mediterranean diet? 
answers: text: Greek cuisine

question: The epitome of the Mediterranean diet are dishes from where?
answers: text: Crete

question: What food can be traced back to ancient Greece?
answers: text: skordalia

question: What is added to almost every dish in Greece?
answers: text: Olive oil
context: Greek cuisine is characteristic of the healthy Mediterranean diet, which is epitomized by dishes of Crete. Greek cuisine incorporates fresh ingredients into a variety of local dishes such as moussaka, stifado, Greek salad, fasolada, spanakopita and souvlaki. Some dishes can be traced back to ancient Greece like skordalia (a thick purée of walnuts, almonds, crushed garlic and olive oil), lentil soup, retsina (white or rosé wine sealed with pine resin) and pasteli (candy bar with sesame seeds baked with honey). Throughout Greece people often enjoy eating from small dishes such as meze with various dips such as tzatziki, grilled octopus and small fish, feta cheese, dolmades (rice, currants and pine kernels wrapped in vine leaves), various pulses, olives and cheese. Olive oil is added to almost every dish.

qas: question: What is the name of one sweet dessert in Greece?
answers: text: galaktoboureko

question: What is one of the flavorings commonly used in Greek Mediterranean food? 
answers: text: oregano

question: What is one of the sweet spices Greeks like to use with meat?
answers: text: cinnamon
context: Sweet desserts such as galaktoboureko, and drinks such as ouzo, metaxa and a variety of wines including retsina. Greek cuisine differs widely from different parts of the mainland and from island to island. It uses some flavorings more often than other Mediterranean cuisines: oregano, mint, garlic, onion, dill and bay laurel leaves. Other common herbs and spices include basil, thyme and fennel seed. Many Greek recipes, especially in the northern parts of the country, use "sweet" spices in combination with meat, for example cinnamon and cloves in stews.

qas: question: Greek vocal music goes back how far in history?
answers: text: ancient times

question: What is one of the musical instruments used in ancient Greece? 
answers: text: lyre

question: During ancient Greece, at what age were boys taught music?
answers: text: six
context: Greek vocal music extends far back into ancient times where mixed-gender choruses performed for entertainment, celebration and spiritual reasons. Instruments during that period included the double-reed aulos and the plucked string instrument, the lyre, especially the special kind called a kithara. Music played an important role in the education system during ancient times. Boys were taught music from the age of six. Later influences from the Roman Empire, Middle East, and the Byzantine Empire also had effect on Greek music.

qas: question: The Eastern Orthodox Church resisted what change in music?
answers: text: polyphony

question: Music without any form of instrumental accompaniment is known as what? 
answers: text: monophonic

question: One type of music derived from Byzantine is called what?
answers: text: Byzantine chant
context: While the new technique of polyphony was developing in the West, the Eastern Orthodox Church resisted any type of change. Therefore, Byzantine music remained monophonic and without any form of instrumental accompaniment. As a result, and despite certain attempts by certain Greek chanters (such as Manouel Gazis, Ioannis Plousiadinos or the Cypriot Ieronimos o Tragoudistis), Byzantine music was deprived of elements of which in the West encouraged an unimpeded development of art. However, this method which kept music away from polyphony, along with centuries of continuous culture, enabled monophonic music to develop to the greatest heights of perfection. Byzantium presented the monophonic Byzantine chant; a melodic treasury of inestimable value for its rhythmical variety and expressive power.

qas: question: What are the two cycles of the Greek folk song?
answers: text: akritic and klephtic

question: Between what centuries was the akritic cycle of Greek song created?
answers: text: 9th and 10th

question: Which Greek song cycle expresses the life of the Greeks?
answers: text: klephtic
context: Along with the Byzantine (Church) chant and music, the Greek people also cultivated the Greek folk song which is divided into two cycles, the akritic and klephtic. The akritic was created between the 9th and 10th centuries and expressed the life and struggles of the akrites (frontier guards) of the Byzantine empire, the most well known being the stories associated with Digenes Akritas. The klephtic cycle came into being between the late Byzantine period and the start of the Greek War of Independence. The klephtic cycle, together with historical songs, paraloghes (narrative song or ballad), love songs, mantinades, wedding songs, songs of exile and dirges express the life of the Greeks. There is a unity between the Greek people's struggles for freedom, their joys and sorrow and attitudes towards love and death.

qas: question: What was the forerunner of Greek modern song?
answers: text: Heptanesean kantádhes

question: Athenian serenades were most successful during what time period?
answers: text: 1870–1930

question: What influenced Greek modern song considerably?
answers: text: Heptanesean kantádhes
context: The Heptanesean kantádhes (καντάδες 'serenades'; sing.: καντάδα) became the forerunners of the Greek modern song, influencing its development to a considerable degree. For the first part of the next century, several Greek composers continued to borrow elements from the Heptanesean style. The most successful songs during the period 1870–1930 were the so-called Athenian serenades, and the songs performed on stage (επιθεωρησιακά τραγούδια 'theatrical revue songs') in revue, operettas and nocturnes that were dominating Athens' theater scene.

qas: question: What music began associated with the lower classes?
answers: text: Rebetiko

question: Rebetiko was the base of what? 
answers: text: laïkó

question: One of the leading performers of the laiko genre is who?
answers: text: Apostolos Kaldaras
context: Rebetiko, initially a music associated with the lower classes, later (and especially after the population exchange between Greece and Turkey) reached greater general acceptance as the rough edges of its overt subcultural character were softened and polished, sometimes to the point of unrecognizability. It was the base of the later laïkó (song of the people). The leading performers of the genre include Apostolos Kaldaras, Grigoris Bithikotsis, Stelios Kazantzidis, George Dalaras, Haris Alexiou and Glykeria.

qas: question: Through which islands was European classical music introduced to the Greeks?
answers: text: Ionian

question: When was the first school of modern Greek classical music formed?
answers: text: 1815

question: Who is considered the Greek National School of Music founder?
answers: text: Manolis Kalomiris
context: Regarding the classical music, it was through the Ionian islands (which were under western rule and influence) that all the major advances of the western European classical music were introduced to mainland Greeks. The region is notable for the birth of the first School of modern Greek classical music (Heptanesean or Ionian School, Greek: Επτανησιακή Σχολή), established in 1815. Prominent representatives of this genre include Nikolaos Mantzaros, Spyridon Xyndas, Spyridon Samaras and Pavlos Carrer. Manolis Kalomiris is considered the founder of the Greek National School of Music.

qas: question: Who is one 20th century Greek composers that has had an impact on modern classical music?
answers: text: Iannis Xenakis

question: What is one of the famous movies Greek composers has scored?
answers: text: Zorba the Greek

question: Who is one of the Greek composers known for their film scores?
answers: text: Yanni

question: Who is one of the notable Greek opera singers in the 20th century?
answers: text: Maria Callas
context: In the 20th century, Greek composers have had a significant impact on the development of avant garde and modern classical music, with figures such as Iannis Xenakis, Nikos Skalkottas, and Dimitri Mitropoulos achieving international prominence. At the same time, composers and musicians such as Mikis Theodorakis, Manos Hatzidakis, Eleni Karaindrou, Vangelis and Demis Roussos garnered an international following for their music, which include famous film scores such as Zorba the Greek, Serpico, Never on Sunday, America America, Eternity and a Day, Chariots of Fire, Blade Runner, among others. Greek American composers known for their film scores include Yanni and Basil Poledouris. Notable Greek opera singers and classical musicians of the 20th and 21st century include Maria Callas, Nana Mouskouri, Mario Frangoulis, Leonidas Kavakos, Dimitris Sgouros and others.

qas: question: How many time has Greece participated in the Eurovision Song Contest?
answers: text: 35

question: In what year did Greece win the Eurovision Song Contest?
answers: text: 2005

question: What Greek song won the Eurovision Song Contest in 2005?
answers: text: My Number One

question: Who performed the song, My Number One, in the 2005 Eurovision Song Contest?
answers: text: Elena Paparizou

question: Where was the 51st Eurovision Song Contest held?
answers: text: Athens
context: Greece participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 35 times after its debut at the 1974 Contest. In 2005, Greece won with the song "My Number One", performed by Greek-Swedish singer Elena Paparizou. The song received 230 points with 10 sets of 12 points from Belgium, Bulgaria, Hungary, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Albania, Cyprus, Serbia & Montenegro, Sweden and Germany and also became a smash hit in different countries and especially in Greece. The 51st Eurovision Song Contest was held in Athens at the Olympic Indoor Hall of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Maroussi, with hosted by Maria Menounos and Sakis Rouvas.

qas: question: Greece is the birthplace of what sporting event?
answers: text: Olympic Games

question: The first Olympic games was recorded in what year?
answers: text: 776 BC

question: Where were the first Olympic games in 775 BC held?
answers: text: Olympia

question: During the Olympic parade of nations, who is always called first?
answers: text: Greece

question: What ranking does Greece hold in all-time summer Olympics gold medal count?
answers: text: 32nd
context: Greece is the birthplace of the ancient Olympic Games, first recorded in 776 BC in Olympia, and hosted the modern Olympic Games twice, the inaugural 1896 Summer Olympics and the 2004 Summer Olympics. During the parade of nations Greece is always called first, as the founding nation of the ancient precursor of modern Olympics. The nation has competed at every Summer Olympic Games, one of only four countries to have done so. Having won a total of 110 medals (30 gold, 42 silver and 38 bronze), Greece is ranked 32nd by gold medals in the all-time Summer Olympic medal count. Their best ever performance was in the 1896 Summer Olympics, when Greece finished second in the medal table with 10 gold medals.

qas: question: What ranking did the Greek national football team hold in 2014.
answers: text: 12th

question: Greek was crowned the European champions in what event?
answers: text: Euro 2004

question: How many national teams have won the UEFA European Championship?
answers: text: nine

question: How many teams are in the Greek Super League?
answers: text: eighteen

question: Who is one of the most successful teams in the Greek Super League?
answers: text: Olympiacos
context: The Greek national football team, ranking 12th in the world in 2014 (and having reached a high of 8th in the world in 2008 and 2011), were crowned European Champions in Euro 2004 in one of the biggest upsets in the history of the sport and became one of the most successful national teams in European football, being one of only nine national teams to have won the UEFA European Championship. The Greek Super League is the highest professional football league in the country comprising eighteen teams. The most successful are Olympiacos, Panathinaikos, AEK Athens and PAOK.

qas: question: The Greek national basketball team held what world ranking in 2012?
answers: text: 4th

question: The Greek national basketball in 2012 held what ranking in Europe?
answers: text: 2nd

question: How many times has the Greek national basketball team won the European championship?
answers: text: twice

question: Who did the Greek basketball team beat in the 2006 FIBA World Championship?
answers: text: Team USA

question: What is the name of Greece's top domestic basketball league?
answers: text: A1 Ethniki
context: The Greek national basketball team has a decades-long tradition of excellence in the sport, being considered among the world's top basketball powers. As of 2012, it ranked 4th in the world and 2nd in Europe. They have won the European Championship twice in 1987 and 2005, and have reached the final four in two of the last four FIBA World Championships, taking the second place in the world in 2006 FIBA World Championship, after a spectacular 101–95 win against Team USA in the tournament's semifinal. The domestic top basketball league, A1 Ethniki, is composed of fourteen teams. The most successful Greek teams are Olympiacos, Panathinaikos, Aris Thessaloniki, AEK Athens and P.A.O.K. Greek basketball teams are the most successful in European basketball the last 25 years, having won as many as 9 Euroleagues since the establishment of the modern era Euroleague Final Four format in 1988, while no other nation has won more than 4 Euroleague championships in this period. Besides the 9 Euroleagues, Greek basketball teams (Panathinaikos, Olympiacos, Aris Thessaloniki, AEK Athens, P.A.O.K, Maroussi) have won 3 Triple Crowns, 5 Saporta Cups, 2 Korać Cups and 1 FIBA Europe Champions Cup. After the 2005 European Championship triumph of the Greek national basketball team, Greece became the reigning European Champion in both football and basketball.

qas: question: In what year did Greece's women's water polo team win the World Championship?
answers: text: 2011

question: Which medal did Greece's women's water polo team win at the 2004 Summer Olympics?
answers: text: silver

question: Which medal did Greece's women's water polo team win at the 2005 World League?
answers: text: gold

question: The Greece Men's water polo team held which world ranking in 2005?
answers: text: third

question: Who did Greece Men's water polo team beat in the 2005 World Aquatics Championships?
answers: text: Croatia
context: The Greece women's national water polo team have emerged as one of the leading powers in the world, becoming World Champions after their gold medal win against the hosts China at the 2011 World Championship. They have also won the silver medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics, the gold medal at the 2005 World League and the silver medals at the 2010 and 2012 European Championships. The Greece men's national water polo team became the third best water polo team in the world in 2005, after their win against Croatia in the bronze medal game at the 2005 World Aquatics Championships in Canada. The domestic top water polo leagues, Greek Men's Water Polo League and Greek Women's Water Polo League are considered amongst the top national leagues in European water polo, as its clubs have made significant success in European competitions. In men's European competitions, Olympiacos has won the Champions League, the European Super Cup and the Triple Crown in 2002 becoming the first club in Water polo history to win every title in which it has competed within a single year (National championship, National cup, Champions League and European Super Cup), while NC Vouliagmeni has won the LEN Cup Winners' Cup in 1997. In women's European competitions, Greek water polo teams (NC Vouliagmeni, Glyfada NSC, Olympiacos, Ethnikos Piraeus) are amongst the most successful in European water polο, having won as many as 4 LEN Champions Cups, 3 LEN Trophies and 2 European Supercups.

qas: question: The Greek Men's national volleyball team has won how many bronze medals?
answers: text: two

question: The Greek Men's national volleyball team came in what place in the Olympic games?
answers: text: 5th

question: What Greek volleyball club is the most successful in the country?
answers: text: Olympiacos

question: Who is the only Greek volleyball club to win European titles?
answers: text: Olympiacos
context: The Greek men's national volleyball team has won two bronze medals, one in the European Volleyball Championship and another one in the European Volleyball League, a 5th place in the Olympic Games and a 6th place in the FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship. The Greek league, the A1 Ethniki, is considered one of the top volleyball leagues in Europe and the Greek clubs have made significant success in European competitions. Olympiacos is the most successful volleyball club in the country having won the most domestic titles and being the only Greek club to have won European titles; they have won two CEV Cups, they have been CEV Champions League runners-up twice and they have played in as many as 12 Final Fours in the European competitions, making them one of the most traditional volleyball clubs in Europe. Iraklis have also seen significant success in European competitions, having been three times runners-up of the CEV Champions League.

qas: question: Where did the mythical Greek gods live?
answers: text: Mount Olympus

question: The main gods of ancient Greece known as the what?
answers: text: Dodekatheon

question: The most important of the ancient gods was who?
answers: text: Zeus

question: Zeus was married to which goddess?
answers: text: Hera

question: Who was Zeus's sister?
answers: text: Hera
context: The principal gods of the ancient Greek religion were the Dodekatheon, or the Twelve Gods, who lived on the top of Mount Olympus. The most important of all ancient Greek gods was Zeus, the king of the gods, who was married to Hera, who was also Zeus's sister. The other Greek gods that made up the Twelve Olympians were Demeter, Ares, Poseidon, Athena, Dionysus, Apollo, Artemis, Aphrodite, Hephaestus and Hermes. Apart from these twelve gods, Greeks also had a variety of other mystical beliefs, such as nymphs and other magical creatures.

qas: question: Greek law says that every Sunday of the year is a what?
answers: text: holiday

question: How many official Greek mandatory public holidays are there?
answers: text: four

question: How many Greek national holidays are there each year?
answers: text: eleven

question: What is one of the holidays regulated by law as optional?
answers: text: Labour Day
context: According to Greek law, every Sunday of the year is a public holiday. In addition, there are four mandatory official public holidays: 25 March (Greek Independence Day), Easter Monday, 15 August (Assumption or Dormition of the Holy Virgin), and 25 December (Christmas). 1 May (Labour Day) and 28 October (Ohi Day) are regulated by law as being optional but it is customary for employees to be given the day off. There are, however, more public holidays celebrated in Greece than are announced by the Ministry of Labour each year as either obligatory or optional. The list of these non-fixed national holidays rarely changes and has not changed in recent decades, giving a total of eleven national holidays each year.

qas: question: in 2012, what was the amount of the bailout?
answers: text: $173 billion

question: How much debt to creditors was Greece suppose to reduce?
answers: text: 53%

question: In what year did Greece realize a budget surplus?
answers: text: 2013

question: How much did Greece make from a bond sale in 2014?
answers: text: €3 billion

question: After how many years did it take for Greece to gain back growth in the economy?
answers: text: six years
context: In 2011, it became apparent that the bail-out would be insufficient and a second bail-out amounting to €130 billion ($173 billion) was agreed in 2012, subject to strict conditions, including financial reforms and further austerity measures. As part of the deal, there was to be a 53% reduction in the Greek debt burden to private creditors and any profits made by Eurozone central banks on their holdings of Greek debt are to be repatriated back to Greece. Greece achieved a primary government budget surplus in 2013. In April 2014, Greece returned to the global bond market as it successfully sold €3 billion worth of five-year government bonds at a yield of 4.95%. Greece returned to growth after six years of economic decline in the second quarter of 2014, and was the Eurozone's fastest-growing economy in the third quarter.

qas: question: Alexander III was the son of whom?
answers: text: Phillip II

question: Alexander III invaded what empire after his father was killed?
answers: text: Persian

question: What year did Alexander III Invade Persia?
answers: text: 334 BC

question: The Persian Empire was conquered by Alexander by what year?
answers: text: 330 BC

question: In which year did Alexander III die?
answers: text: 323 BC
context: Following the assassination of Phillip II, his son Alexander III ("The Great") assumed the leadership of the League of Corinth and launched an invasion of the Persian Empire with the combined forces of all Greek states in 334 BC. Undefeated in battle, Alexander had conquered the Persian Empire in its entirety by 330 BC. By the time of his death in 323 BC, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to India. His empire split into several kingdoms upon his death, the most famous of which were the Seleucid Empire, Ptolemaic Egypt, the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom and the Indo-Greek Kingdom. Many Greeks migrated to Alexandria, Antioch, Seleucia and the many other new Hellenistic cities in Asia and Africa. Although the political unity of Alexander's empire could not be maintained, it resulted in the Hellenistic civilization and spread the Greek language and Greek culture in the territories conquered by Alexander. Greek science, technology and mathematics are generally considered to have reached their peak during the Hellenistic period.