Internet_service_provider

qas: question: What does ISP stand for?
answers: text: Internet service provider

question: what does an isp do?
answers: text: provides services for accessing, using, the Internet

question: What forms can an isp be organized in?
answers: text: commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned

question: What are the initials for an Internet service proxy?

question: What kind of service providers are always commercial providers?

question: What kind of organization are all for profit?
context: An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.

qas: question: What type of organization provides internet access?
answers: text: ISPs

question: What are some services provided by an isp?
answers: text: Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation

question: What kind of organization blocks Internet access

question: What are some services not provided by an ISP?
context: Internet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation.

qas: question: Why was the internet developed?
answers: text: a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities

question: when was the internet developed?
answers: text: 1980s

question: what happened to the internet in the late 1980s?
answers: text: a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet

question: When were remaining restrictions on the internet removed?
answers: text: 1995

question: how long after the introduction of the world wide web was 1995?
answers: text: 4 years

question: What was developed as a way for various universities to communicate with each other?

question: What process was set up by the early 1980s?

question: When was the Internet further restricted?

question: What happened four years after the introduction of the World Wide Web?
context: The Internet was developed as a network between government research laboratories and participating departments of universities. By the late 1980s, a process was set in place towards public, commercial use of the Internet. The remaining restrictions were removed by 1995, 4 years after the introduction of the World Wide Web.

qas: question: Where were the first isps established?
answers: text: Australia and the United States

question: where was the first commercial isp in the us located? 
answers: text: Brookline, Massachusetts

question: when was the first commercial isp customer served?
answers: text: November 1989

question: when were the first commercial isps established?
answers: text: 1989

question: what was the name of the first commercial isp in the us?
answers: text: The World

question: Where was the first ISP S established in 1999?

question: What was established in Boston Massachusetts?

question: What was the name of the first private ISP?

question: What did the world do in 1999?
context: In 1989, the first ISPs were established in Australia and the United States. In Brookline, Massachusetts, The World became the first commercial ISP in the US. Its first customer was served in November 1989.

qas: question: What would the absence of net neutrality permit? 
answers: text: ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content

question: what may possibly be a solution to net neutrality concerns? 
answers: text: municipal broadband

question: how did president obama recommend to classify the internet? 
answers: text: a telecommunications service

question: what did the fcc choose to apply to the internet? 
answers: text: Title II (common carrier)

question: what would the internet be classified as based on title ii? 
answers: text: telecommunications

question: What did the implementation of net neutrality permit?

question: What was net neutrality a solution to?

question: What yell Law school professor considered to options regarding Internet service?

question: What did the Democrats present in 2015

question: What is the FCC expected to oppose with its vote?
context: On 23 April 2014, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) was reported to be considering a new rule that will permit ISPs to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position. A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School. On 15 May 2014, the FCC decided to consider two options regarding Internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality. On 10 November 2014, President Barack Obama recommended that the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality. On 16 January 2015, Republicans presented legislation, in the form of a U.S. Congress H.R. discussion draft bill, that makes concessions to net neutrality but prohibits the FCC from accomplishing the goal or enacting any further regulation affecting Internet service providers. On 31 January 2015, AP News reported that the FCC will present the notion of applying ("with some caveats") Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 to the internet in a vote expected on 26 February 2015. Adoption of this notion would reclassify internet service from one of information to one of the telecommunications and, according to Tom Wheeler, chairman of the FCC, ensure net neutrality. The FCC is expected to enforce net neutrality in its vote, according to the New York Times.

qas: question: When did the FCC rule on net neturality?
answers: text: February 2015

question: How did the FCC rule on net neutrality?
answers: text: in favor

question: what did the FCC adopt for the internet? 
answers: text: Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934

question: what amendment did the chairman of the FCC compare this ruling to? 
answers: text: the First Amendment

question: what did the FCC chairman say both the internet and the first amendment stand for?
answers: text: free speech

question: Who ruled against neutrality in February 2015?

question: What to ask did FCC rule against?

question: Who compared his ruling to the fourth amendment?

question: The telecommunication act of 1934 and the Internet were compared to what?
context: On 26 February 2015, the FCC ruled in favor of net neutrality by adopting Title II (common carrier) of the Communications Act of 1934 and Section 706 in the Telecommunications act of 1996 to the Internet. The FCC Chairman, Tom Wheeler, commented, "This is no more a plan to regulate the Internet than the First Amendment is a plan to regulate free speech. They both stand for the same concept."

qas: question: When did the FCC publish its final rule on net neutrality regulations?
answers: text: 13 April 2015

question: When was a general summary of net neutrality released?

question: When was the first draft of the net neutrality regulations published?
context: On 12 March 2015, the FCC released the specific details of the net neutrality rules. On 13 April 2015, the FCC published the final rule on its new "Net Neutrality" regulations.

qas: question: What do ISPs provide?
answers: text: Internet access

question: how do isps provide internet access?
answers: text: a range of technologies to connect users to their network

question: what is one type of technology used to connect to the internet? 
answers: text: television cable (CATV)

question: what type of technology is used to connect to the internet wirelessly? 
answers: text: wireless Ethernet (wi-fi)

question: what was an earlier technology used to connect to the internet? 
answers: text: telephone lines

question: Who provides the Internet?

question: What old technology was unable to be used to connect to the Internet?

question: What technology is used to connect the Internet through wires?

question: Computer motherboards are used to do what?
context:  ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect users to their network. Available technologies have ranged from computer modems with acoustic couplers to telephone lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics.

qas: question: what traditional options were available for users and small businesses? 
answers: text: copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface)

question: what is it called when fiber-optics are used for end users?
answers: text: Fiber To The Home

question: who is served by dial-up, dsl, adsl, cable modems, or isdns?
answers: text: users and small businesses

question: What options were available to large businesses?

question: What is using fiber optics to providers called?

question: What modern options are available to users and small businesses?
context: For users and small businesses, traditional options include copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). Using fiber-optics to end users is called Fiber To The Home or similar names.

qas: question: What type of customers would typically have more demanding requirements? 
answers: text: medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs

question: what does atm stand for in relation to internet providers? 
answers: text: Asynchronous Transfer Mode

question: what is high-speed dsl used for? 
answers: text: customers with more demanding requirements

question: what is SONET? 
answers: text: synchronous optical networking

question: What is available to customers with less demanding requirements?

question: What's the abbreviation for synchronous transfer mode

question: What are the abbreviations for asynchronous optical networking
context: For customers with more demanding requirements (such as medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs) can use higher-speed DSL (such as single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line), Ethernet, metropolitan Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN Primary Rate Interface, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and synchronous optical networking (SONET).

qas: question: What is a mailbox provider? 
answers: text: an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes

question: What is an organization that provides hosting of electronic mail domains? 
answers: text: A mailbox provider

question: what is the purpose of a mailbox provider? 
answers: text: It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email

question: how does a user store electronic mail?
answers: text: A mailbox provider

question: What is an Internet mail service provider?

question: What online service does not provide storage?

question: Who allows people to send but not accept in-store mail?

question: Who invented male domains?
context: A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations.

qas: question: What is SMTP?
answers: text: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

question: What is IMAP?
answers: text: Internet Message Access Protocol

question: How is access to mail provided? 
answers: text: implementing Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and possibly providing access to messages through Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), the Post Office Protocol, Webmail, or a proprietary protocol.

question: what are most mailbox providers as well? 
answers: text: access providers

question: who possibly controls their own mail servers? 
answers: text: companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals

question: All mailbox providers were also what?

question: What are examples of access providers?

question: What is used by organizations that depend on others to provide mail services?

question: How is traditional male provided?
context: Many mailbox providers are also access providers, while others are not (e.g., Yahoo! Mail, Outlook.com, Gmail, AOL Mail, Po box). The definition given in RFC 6650 covers email hosting services, as well as the relevant department of companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals that manage their mail servers themselves. The task is typically accomplished by implementing Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and possibly providing access to messages through Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP), the Post Office Protocol, Webmail, or a proprietary protocol.

qas: question: What do internet hosting services provide? 
answers: text: email, web-hosting, or online storage services

question: Who provides a virtual server service?
answers: text: Internet hosting services

question: who provides cloud services?
answers: text: Internet hosting services

question: Internet hosting protocols provide what?

question: Who provides physical servers to customers

question: Who provides off-line storage services
context: Internet hosting services provide email, web-hosting, or online storage services. Other services include virtual server, cloud services, or physical server operation.

qas: question: Who does an ISP pay for internet access?
answers: text: upstream ISPs

question: Why does an ISP need to pay an upstream ISP?
answers: text: An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP

question: What does an upstream ISP provide for an ISP?
answers: text: access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to

question: what usually has a larger network, the ISP of the customer or the upstream ISP?
answers: text: upstream ISPs

question: What do ISPs pay customers for?

question: What usually has a small network than a contracting ISP?

question: What does an upstream ISP provide for customers?

question: What does the contracting ISP have access to that the upstream ISP does not?
context: Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to.

qas: question: What is the simplest case of an ISP using an upstream ISP? 
answers: text: transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network

question: what do transit ISPs provide? 
answers: text: large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs

question: A mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching what?
answers: text: a tier 1 carrier

question: What is a PoP?
answers: text: point of presence

question: What provides bandwidth for the connecting of hosting ISPs and access ISPs?
answers: text: Transit ISPs

question: Who provides minimal amounts of bandwidth for connecting ISPs?

question: What is a point of protocol abbreviated as?

question: What has the same connection to an upstream ISP?

question: What transmits Internet within the home?
context: In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with more than one point of presence (PoP) may have separate connections to an upstream ISP at multiple PoPs, or they may be customers of multiple upstream ISPs and may have connections to each one of them at one or more point of presence. Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs.

qas: question: What is a VISP?
answers: text: virtual ISP

question: What do VISPs resemble? 
answers: text: mobile virtual network operators

question: What do visps purchase services from? 
answers: text: a wholesale ISP

question: Who does an ISP purchase services from?

question: Who do wholesale ISP purchased services from?

question: What do virtual network operators resemble?

question: How do VISP's customers access the Internet?
context: A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP, sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble mobile virtual network operators and competitive local exchange carriers for voice communications.

qas: question: What are free ISPs?
answers: text: Internet service providers that provide service free of charge

question: What do free ISPs display in exchange for service?
answers: text: advertisements

question: What are free ISPs similar to? 
answers: text: commercial television

question: How are freenets run? 
answers: text: on a nonprofit basis

question: What type of ISPs are free of restrictions?

question: Who accepts donations instead of charging for services?

question: What kind of television are free ISPs like?

question: What are for-profit ISPs called?
context: Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usually with volunteer staff.[citation needed]

qas: question: What is a WISP? 
answers: text: wireless Internet service provider

question: What technology is part of a WISP?
answers: text: commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment

question: What are some bands that Wi-Fi can operate over? 
answers: text: 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands

question: What is a wireless internet service provider's network based on?
answers: text: wireless networking

question: What is a wired Internet service provider?

question: What kind of uncommon networking is used for WISPs

question: What operates unlicensed frequencies?

question: What is designed to operate under open 900 MHz

question: W ISP do not operate in what band?
context: A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequencies such as 2.5 GHz (EBS/BRS), 3.65 GHz (NN) and in the UHF band (including the MMDS frequency band) and LMDS.[citation needed]

qas: question: What is peering? 
answers: text: multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points

question: What does peering allow? 
answers: text: routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted

question: Why is peering used? 
answers: text: data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP

question: What are IXs? 
answers: text: Internet exchange points

question: Where do multiple ISPs connect? 
answers: text: peering points or Internet exchange points

question: Who may not engage in peering?

question: Different networks charge each other for what?

question: What would've been incurred by data passing through a third upstream ISP?

question: Nothing to what costs ISPs more money?
context: ISPs may engage in peering, where multiple ISPs interconnect at peering points or Internet exchange points (IXs), allowing routing of data between each network, without charging one another for the data transmitted—data that would otherwise have passed through a third upstream ISP, incurring charges from the upstream ISP.

qas: question: Is a tradeoff between efficiency and cost possible? 
answers: text: A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible

question: What sort of route does data follow? 
answers: text: the most efficient route

question: What trade-off is not possible?

question: What follows most inefficient route?

question: What works unreliably?

question: What ensures upstream connections are not reliable?
context: Network hardware, software and specifications, as well as the expertise of network management personnel are important in ensuring that data follows the most efficient route, and upstream connections work reliably. A tradeoff between cost and efficiency is possible.[citation needed]

qas: question: What are ISPs subject to monitoring by in some countries? 
answers: text: intelligence agencies

question: What is the controversial N.S.A. program used in the U.S.?
answers: text: PRISM

question: What does PRISM do? 
answers: text: provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic

question: What do ISPs integrate into their network to provide information to intelligence agencies? 
answers: text: a wide array of surveillance and packet sniffing equipment

question: What do DCSnet in the US and SORM in Russia do? 
answers: text: allowing monitoring of Internet traffic in real time

question: What are ISPs not legally required to do?

question: What this PRISM stopped the national security agency for doing?

question: Who objects to PRISM

question: What do ISPs remove from their networks to discourage intelligence agencies?

question: What do many people say violates the First Amendment?
context: Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelligence agencies. In the U.S., a controversial National Security Agency program known as PRISM provides for broad monitoring of Internet users traffic and has raised concerns about potential violation of the privacy protections in the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Modern ISPs integrate a wide array of surveillance and packet sniffing equipment into their networks, which then feeds the data to law-enforcement/intelligence networks (such as DCSNet in the United States, or SORM in Russia) allowing monitoring of Internet traffic in real time.