Tennessee

qas: question: Which state borders Tennessee to the east?
answers: text: North Carolina

question: Which mountains occupy much of eastern Tennessee?
answers: text: Appalachian Mountains

question: Which river marks Tennessee's border to the west?
answers: text: Mississippi River

question: What is the capital of Tennessee?
answers: text: Nashville

question: What is Tennessee's most populous city?
answers: text: Memphis
context: Tennessee (i/tɛnᵻˈsiː/) (Cherokee: ᏔᎾᏏ, Tanasi) is a state located in the southeastern United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 601,222. Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 653,450.

qas: question: What government formed in 1772 is considered the forerunner of Tennessee?
answers: text: Watauga Association

question: What state held territory that would later become part of Tennessee?
answers: text: North Carolina

question: What date did Tennessee become one of the United States of America?
answers: text: June 1, 1796

question: Which was the final state to join the Confederacy before Civil War fighting started?
answers: text: Tennessee

question: Which of the Confederate states rejoined the Union first when the Civil War concluded?
answers: text: Tennessee
context: The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War in 1861. Occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war.

qas: question: Which part dominated Tennessee's politics in the late 1880s?
answers: text: Democratic

question: Which Tennessee city was received significant federal investment in the 1940s?
answers: text: Oak Ridge

question: What part of the Manhattan Project did Tennessee host?
answers: text: uranium enrichment facilities

question: What made Tennessee politics more competitive again in the middle of the 20th century?
answers: text: civil rights legislation
context: Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state, and more soldiers for the Union Army than any other Southern state. Beginning during Reconstruction, it had competitive party politics, but a Democratic takeover in the late 1880s resulted in passage of disfranchisement laws that excluded most blacks and many poor whites from voting. This sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century. In the 20th century, Tennessee transitioned from an agrarian economy to a more diversified economy, aided by massive federal investment in the Tennessee Valley Authority and, in the early 1940s, the city of Oak Ridge. This city was established to house the Manhattan Project's uranium enrichment facilities, helping to build the world's first atomic bomb, which was used during World War II.

qas: question: What locale in Memphis is know as the place where blues was born?
answers: text: Beale Street

question: What Tennessee recording company first promoted Elvis Presley?
answers: text: Sun Records

question: Which Tennessee city is home to the Country Music Hall of Fame?
answers: text: Nashville

question: Which museum celebrating popular music is located in Jackson, Tennessee?
answers: text: International Rock-A-Billy Museum

question: In which year is W.C. Handy first known to have been playing in Tennessee clubs?
answers: text: 1909
context: Tennessee has played a critical role in the development of many forms of American popular music, including rock and roll, blues, country, and rockabilly.[not verified in body] Beale Street in Memphis is considered by many to be the birthplace of the blues, with musicians such as W.C. Handy performing in its clubs as early as 1909.[not verified in body] Memphis is also home to Sun Records, where musicians such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison, and Charlie Rich began their recording careers, and where rock and roll took shape in the 1950s.[not verified in body] The 1927 Victor recording sessions in Bristol generally mark the beginning of the country music genre and the rise of the Grand Ole Opry in the 1930s helped make Nashville the center of the country music recording industry.[not verified in body] Three brick-and-mortar museums recognize Tennessee's role in nurturing various forms of popular music: the Memphis Rock N' Soul Museum, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, and the International Rock-A-Billy Museum in Jackson. Moreover, the Rockabilly Hall of Fame, an online site recognizing the development of rockabilly in which Tennessee played a crucial role, is based in Nashville.[not verified in body]

qas: question: What is Tennessee's primary non-meat agricultural product?
answers: text: soybeans

question: Which national park in Tennessee sees more visitors that any other in the United States?
answers: text: Great Smoky Mountains National Park

question: What trail forms part of the border Tennessee shares with North Carolina?
answers: text: Appalachian Trail

question: Which Tennessee city hosts the state's most famous aquarium?
answers: text: Chattanooga

question: What tourist attraction is located in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee?
answers: text: Dollywood
context: Tennessee's major industries include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Poultry, soybeans, and cattle are the state's primary agricultural products, and major manufacturing exports include chemicals, transportation equipment, and electrical equipment. The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, the nation's most visited national park, is headquartered in the eastern part of the state, and a section of the Appalachian Trail roughly follows the Tennessee-North Carolina border. Other major tourist attractions include the Tennessee Aquarium in Chattanooga; Dollywood in Pigeon Forge; the Parthenon, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum, and Ryman Auditorium in Nashville; the Jack Daniel's Distillery in Lynchburg; and Elvis Presley's Graceland residence and tomb, the Memphis Zoo, and the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis.

qas: question: Who first recorded a territorial name in the region that resembles its current name Tennessee?
answers: text: Captain Juan Pardo

question: Which Native Americans had a town called Tanasi in present day Monroe County, Tennessee?
answers: text: Cherokee

question: Tanasi is know to have been located and mapped by British traders by which year?
answers: text: 1725

question: What nationality was Juan Pardo?
answers: text: Spanish
context: The earliest variant of the name that became Tennessee was recorded by Captain Juan Pardo, the Spanish explorer, when he and his men passed through an American Indian village named "Tanasqui" in 1567 while traveling inland from South Carolina. In the early 18th century, British traders encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi (or "Tanase") in present-day Monroe County, Tennessee. The town was located on a river of the same name (now known as the Little Tennessee River), and appears on maps as early as 1725. It is not known whether this was the same town as the one encountered by Juan Pardo, although recent research suggests that Pardo's "Tanasqui" was located at the confluence of the Pigeon River and the French Broad River, near modern Newport.

qas: question: Which governor is given credit for the name Tennessee as it is now spelled?
answers: text: James Glen

question: Which work by Henry Timberlake made the current spelling of Tennessee widely popular?
answers: text: Draught of the Cherokee Country

question: Which state created a county called Tennessee in 1788?
answers: text: North Carolina

question: Which two Tennessee counties cover the area that comprised North Carolina's Tennessee County?
answers: text: Montgomery County and Robertson County

question: In which year did a constitutional convention meet to form a new state out of the unincorporated territory that would become Tennessee?
answers: text: 1796
context: The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the governor of South Carolina, who used this spelling in his official correspondence during the 1750s. The spelling was popularized by the publication of Henry Timberlake's "Draught of the Cherokee Country" in 1765. In 1788, North Carolina created "Tennessee County", the third county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee. (Tennessee County was the predecessor to current-day Montgomery County and Robertson County.) When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new state out of the Southwest Territory, it adopted "Tennessee" as the name of the state.

qas: question: By what nickname is Tennessee officially known?
answers: text: Volunteer State

question: Which major conflict that included the Battle of New Orleans is said to have given Tennessee its nickname?
answers: text: War of 1812

question: What conflict overseen by President Polk might be the source of Tennessee's nickname?
answers: text: Mexican–American War

question: How many volunteers did Tennessee send to the Mexican-American War?
answers: text: 30,000

question: Which local icon's death inspired many of the Tennessee volunteers during the Mexican-American War?
answers: text: Davy Crockett
context: Tennessee is known as the "Volunteer State", a nickname some claimed was earned during the War of 1812 because of the prominent role played by volunteer soldiers from Tennessee, especially during the Battle of New Orleans. Other sources differ on the origin of the state nickname; according to the Columbia Encyclopedia, the name refers to volunteers for the Mexican–American War. This explanation is more likely, because President Polk's call for 2,600 nationwide volunteers at the beginning of the Mexican-American War resulted in 30,000 volunteers from Tennessee alone, largely in response to the death of Davy Crockett and appeals by former Tennessee Governor and now Texas politician, Sam Houston.

qas: question: What is the elevation of Tennessee's highest point?
answers: text: 6,643 feet

question: What mountain in Tennessee is the Appalachian Trail's highest point?
answers: text: Clingmans Dome

question: What river is situated on Tennessee point of lowest elevation?
answers: text: Mississippi River

question: Which city marks the geographical center of Tennessee?
answers: text: Murfreesboro
context: The highest point in the state is Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet (2,025 m). Clingmans Dome, which lies on Tennessee's eastern border, is the highest point on the Appalachian Trail, and is the third highest peak in the United States east of the Mississippi River. The state line between Tennessee and North Carolina crosses the summit. The state's lowest point is the Mississippi River at the Mississippi state line (the lowest point in Memphis, nearby, is at 195 ft (59 m)). The geographical center of the state is located in Murfreesboro.

qas: question: Approximately how many miles long is Tennessee's Ridge and Valley region?
answers: text: 55

question: What is the western part of the Tennessee Valley called?
answers: text: the Great Valley

question: Which city is Tennessee's fourth largest?
answers: text: Chattanooga

question: Together, Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport are known by what name?
answers: text: the Tri-Cities

question: What river forms in the Tennessee Valley?
answers: text: Tennessee River
context: Stretching west from the Blue Ridge for approximately 55 miles (89 km) is the Ridge and Valley region, in which numerous tributaries join to form the Tennessee River in the Tennessee Valley. This area of Tennessee is covered by fertile valleys separated by wooded ridges, such as Bays Mountain and Clinch Mountain. The western section of the Tennessee Valley, where the depressions become broader and the ridges become lower, is called the Great Valley. In this valley are numerous towns and two of the region's three urban areas, Knoxville, the 3rd largest city in the state, and Chattanooga, the 4th largest city in the state. The third urban area, the Tri-Cities, comprising Bristol, Johnson City, and Kingsport and their environs, is located to the northeast of Knoxville.

qas: question: Which Tennessee airport has the code TYS?
answers: text: McGhee Tyson Airport

question: What is the name of the airport serving Chattanooga, TN?
answers: text: Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport

question: What interstate highways cross the Grand Division in Tennessee?
answers: text: I-24, I-81, I-40, I-75, and I-26

question: An airport with which code serves the Tri-Cities area in Tennessee?
answers: text: TRI
context: East Tennessee has several important transportation links with Middle and West Tennessee, as well as the rest of the nation and the world, including several major airports and interstates. Knoxville's McGhee Tyson Airport (TYS) and Chattanooga's Chattanooga Metropolitan Airport (CHA), as well as the Tri-Cities' Tri-Cities Regional Airport (TRI), provide air service to numerous destinations. I-24, I-81, I-40, I-75, and I-26 along with numerous state highways and other important roads, traverse the Grand Division and connect Chattanooga, Knoxville, and the Tri-Cities, along with other cities and towns such as Cleveland, Athens, and Sevierville.

qas: question: What is the lowland area of Tennessee between the Tennessee River and Mississippi River called?
answers: text: Tennessee Bottoms

question: What geographical region lies west of the Tennessee bottom land?
answers: text: Mississippi Alluvial Plain

question: What maximum elevation is the land in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain?
answers: text: 300 feet (90 m) above sea level

question: What city is central to the economy of West Tennessee?
answers: text: Memphis
context: The easternmost section, about 10 miles (16 km) in width, consists of hilly land that runs along the western bank of the Tennessee River. To the west of this narrow strip of land is a wide area of rolling hills and streams that stretches all the way to the Mississippi River; this area is called the Tennessee Bottoms or bottom land. In Memphis, the Tennessee Bottoms end in steep bluffs overlooking the river. To the west of the Tennessee Bottoms is the Mississippi Alluvial Plain, less than 300 feet (90 m) above sea level. This area of lowlands, flood plains, and swamp land is sometimes referred to as the Delta region. Memphis is the economic center of West Tennessee and the largest city in the state.

qas: question: What is the most common climate across Tennessee?
answers: text: humid subtropical

question: Most of Tennessee has which type of climate?
answers: text: humid subtropical

question: Which mountains contain those parts of Tennessee with a temperate climate?
answers: text: Appalachians

question: Which body of ocean water affects Tennessee's climate the most?
answers: text: Gulf of Mexico

question: Which range of months is Tennessee's wettest?
answers: text: between December and April

question: What is Tennessee's average annual precipitation in inches?
answers: text: 50
context: Most of the state has a humid subtropical climate, with the exception of some of the higher elevations in the Appalachians, which are classified as having a mountain temperate climate or a humid continental climate due to cooler temperatures. The Gulf of Mexico is the dominant factor in the climate of Tennessee, with winds from the south being responsible for most of the state's annual precipitation. Generally, the state has hot summers and mild to cool winters with generous precipitation throughout the year, with highest average monthly precipitation generally in the winter and spring months, between December and April. The driest months, on average, are August to October. On average the state receives 50 inches (130 cm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall ranges from 5 inches (13 cm) in West Tennessee to over 16 inches (41 cm) in the higher mountains in East Tennessee.

qas: question: What is Tennessee's average high temperature in degree Celsius during the summer?
answers: text: 32

question: What is the highest temperature ever recorded in Tennessee?
answers: text: 113 °F (45 °C)

question: Where was the highest known temperature in Tennessee recorded?
answers: text: Perryville

question: What Fahrenheit temperature is the lowest ever recorded in Tennessee?
answers: text: −32 °F

question: Where in Tennessee did the temperature reach -36 degrees Celsius in December of 1917?
answers: text: Mountain City
context: Summers in the state are generally hot and humid, with most of the state averaging a high of around 90 °F (32 °C) during the summer months. Winters tend to be mild to cool, increasing in coolness at higher elevations. Generally, for areas outside the highest mountains, the average overnight lows are near freezing for most of the state. The highest recorded temperature is 113 °F (45 °C) at Perryville on August 9, 1930 while the lowest recorded temperature is −32 °F (−36 °C) at Mountain City on December 30, 1917.

qas: question: Which hurricane brought damaging rains to Tennessee in 1995?
answers: text: Hurricane Opal

question: On average, how many days each year are there thunderstorms in Tennessee?
answers: text: 50

question: Which parts of Tennessee are most threatened by tornadoes?
answers: text: West and Middle Tennessee

question: How many tornadoes strike in Tennessee in an average year?
answers: text: 15

question: What year in the 1990s did an unusual blizzard visit Tennessee?
answers: text: 1993
context: While the state is far enough from the coast to avoid any direct impact from a hurricane, the location of the state makes it likely to be impacted from the remnants of tropical cyclones which weaken over land and can cause significant rainfall, such as Tropical Storm Chris in 1982 and Hurricane Opal in 1995. The state averages around 50 days of thunderstorms per year, some of which can be severe with large hail and damaging winds. Tornadoes are possible throughout the state, with West and Middle Tennessee the most vulnerable. Occasionally, strong or violent tornadoes occur, such as the devastating April 2011 tornadoes that killed 20 people in North Georgia and Southeast Tennessee. On average, the state has 15 tornadoes per year. Tornadoes in Tennessee can be severe, and Tennessee leads the nation in the percentage of total tornadoes which have fatalities. Winter storms are an occasional problem, such as the infamous Blizzard of 1993, although ice storms are a more likely occurrence. Fog is a persistent problem in parts of the state, especially in East Tennessee.

qas: question: Which cities other than Knoxville have been the capital of Tennessee?
answers: text: Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro

question: How many counties are part of Nashville's metropolitan area?
answers: text: 13

question: What distance in miles is Clarksville, TN from Nashville?
answers: text: 45

question: Which city is Tennessee's sixth largest by population?
answers: text: Murfreesboro

question: Which two of the six most populous Tennessee cities are nearest the Great Smoky Mountains?
answers: text: Chattanooga and Knoxville
context: The capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, each has approximately one-third of the population of Memphis or Nashville. The city of Clarksville is a fifth significant population center, some 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Nashville. Murfreesboro is the sixth-largest city in Tennessee, consisting of some 108,755 residents.

qas: question: How many years ago was Tennessee first inhabited by humans?
answers: text: 12,000

question: What time period corresponds with the Mississippian cultural phase in early Tennessee history?
answers: text: 1000–1600 AD

question: Which Native American people are the first group to inhabit Tennessee that we know by name?
answers: text: Muscogee

question: What do archaeologists call the cultural phase of the inhabitants of Tennessee between 1000 BC and 1000 AD?
answers: text: Woodland
context: The area now known as Tennessee was first inhabited by Paleo-Indians nearly 12,000 years ago. The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic (8000–1000 BC), Woodland (1000 BC–1000 AD), and Mississippian (1000–1600 AD), whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley before Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters.

qas: question: Which European nationality first explored the Tennessee region?
answers: text: Spanish

question: Which year did Hernando de Soto explore Tennessee?
answers: text: 1540

question: Which Native American peoples were living in Tennessee when Juan Pardo explored the area?
answers: text: Muscogee and Yuchi

question: Which Native American people left Tennessee for the Virginia area because of encroaching Europeans?
answers: text: Cherokee

question: By which year had most of the Native Americans been forced out of the Tennessee region?
answers: text: 1838
context: The first recorded European excursions into what is now called Tennessee were three expeditions led by Spanish explorers, namely Hernando de Soto in 1540, Tristan de Luna in 1559, and Juan Pardo in 1567. Pardo recorded the name "Tanasqui" from a local Indian village, which evolved to the state's current name. At that time, Tennessee was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. Possibly because of European diseases devastating the Indian tribes, which would have left a population vacuum, and also from expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee moved south from the area now called Virginia. As European colonists spread into the area, the Indian populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, the Chickasaw and Choctaw, and ultimately, the Cherokee in 1838.

qas: question: In which year did the British first settle in what would become Tennessee?
answers: text: 1756

question: What was the name of the first British settlement in what is now Tennessee?
answers: text: Fort Loudoun

question: Which British officer oversaw the construction of Fort Loudoun?
answers: text: Captain Raymond Demeré

question: Which Cherokee faction forced the surrender of Fort Loudoun in 1760?
answers: text: Overhill Cherokees

question: Which British commanding officer was killed the day after Cherokee took Fort Loudon in 1760?
answers: text: Captain Paul Demeré
context: The first British settlement in what is now Tennessee was built in 1756 by settlers from the colony of South Carolina at Fort Loudoun, near present-day Vonore. Fort Loudoun became the westernmost British outpost to that date. The fort was designed by John William Gerard de Brahm and constructed by forces under British Captain Raymond Demeré. After its completion, Captain Raymond Demeré relinquished command on August 14, 1757 to his brother, Captain Paul Demeré. Hostilities erupted between the British and the neighboring Overhill Cherokees, and a siege of Fort Loudoun ended with its surrender on August 7, 1760. The following morning, Captain Paul Demeré and a number of his men were killed in an ambush nearby, and most of the rest of the garrison was taken prisoner.

qas: question: What did American settlers call the Cherokee who attacked Fort Watuaga in 1776?
answers: text: the Chickamauga

question: Who lead the Cherokee attack on Fort Watuaga in 1776?
answers: text: Dragging Canoe

question: What was the name of the Chickamauga leader's cousin who helped settlers escape his raids?
answers: text: Nancy Ward

question: Who left Fort Watuaga, crossed the Appalachians, and attacked the British army in South Carolina in 1780?
answers: text: Overmountain Men

question: Who lost the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina?
answers: text: the British Army
context: During the American Revolutionary War, Fort Watauga at Sycamore Shoals (in present-day Elizabethton) was attacked (1776) by Dragging Canoe and his warring faction of Cherokee who were aligned with the British Loyalists. These renegade Cherokee were referred to by settlers as the Chickamauga. They opposed North Carolina's annexation of the Washington District and the concurrent settling of the Transylvania Colony further north and west. The lives of many settlers were spared from the initial warrior attacks through the warnings of Dragging Canoe's cousin, Nancy Ward. The frontier fort on the banks of the Watauga River later served as a 1780 staging area for the Overmountain Men in preparation to trek over the Appalachian Mountains, to engage, and to later defeat the British Army at the Battle of Kings Mountain in South Carolina.

qas: question: What was the name of the state that three North Carolina counties hoped to form in 1784?
answers: text: Franklin

question: What was the name given to the land that North Carolina transferred to the federal government in 1790?
answers: text: Southwest Territory

question: What town marked the western extent of the Cumberland Settlements?
answers: text: French Lick

question: What other name does the North Carolina Road share with Daniel Boone's passage through the Cumberland Gap?
answers: text: Wilderness Road
context: Three counties of the Washington District (now part of Tennessee) broke off from North Carolina in 1784 and formed the State of Franklin. Efforts to obtain admission to the Union failed, and the counties (now numbering eight) had re-joined North Carolina by 1789. North Carolina ceded the area to the federal government in 1790, after which it was organized into the Southwest Territory. In an effort to encourage settlers to move west into the new territory, in 1787 the mother state of North Carolina ordered a road to be cut to take settlers into the Cumberland Settlements—from the south end of Clinch Mountain (in East Tennessee) to French Lick (Nashville). The Trace was called the "North Carolina Road" or "Avery's Trace", and sometimes "The Wilderness Road" (although it should not be confused with Daniel Boone's "Wilderness Road" through the Cumberland Gap).

qas: question: Which state was the first formed out of federally controlled territory?
answers: text: Tennessee

question: In addition to the original thirteen, which two states were admitted to the union before Tennessee?
answers: text: Vermont and Kentucky

question: Which mountain marked the starting point of the Tennessee border described by the state constitution?
answers: text: Stone Mountain

question: When Tennessee's border was first defined, territory west of which river was considered for future annexation?
answers: text: Mississippi River
context: Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1, 1796 as the 16th state. It was the first state created from territory under the jurisdiction of the United States federal government. Apart from the former Thirteen Colonies only Vermont and Kentucky predate Tennessee's statehood, and neither was ever a federal territory. The state boundaries, according to the Constitution of the State of Tennessee, Article I, Section 31, stated that the beginning point for identifying the boundary was the extreme height of the Stone Mountain, at the place where the line of Virginia intersects it, and basically ran the extreme heights of mountain chains through the Appalachian Mountains separating North Carolina from Tennessee past the Indian towns of Cowee and Old Chota, thence along the main ridge of the said mountain (Unicoi Mountain) to the southern boundary of the state; all the territory, lands and waters lying west of said line are included in the boundaries and limits of the newly formed state of Tennessee. Part of the provision also stated that the limits and jurisdiction of the state would include future land acquisition, referencing possible land trade with other states, or the acquisition of territory from west of the Mississippi River.

qas: question: Which US President oversaw the forced westward relocation of Cherokees beginning in 1838?
answers: text: Martin Van Buren

question: How many Cherokee-owned black slaves were also relocated between 1838 and 1839?
answers: text: 2,000

question: What Cherokee phrase means "the trail where we cried?"
answers: text: Nunna daul Isunyi

question: Which Native American nation's emigration was first associated with the term "Trail of Tears?"
answers: text: Choctaw

question: Approximately how many Cherokees died along their "Trail of Tears?"
answers: text: 4,000
context: During the administration of U.S. President Martin Van Buren, nearly 17,000 Cherokees—along with approximately 2,000 black slaves owned by Cherokees—were uprooted from their homes between 1838 and 1839 and were forced by the U.S. military to march from "emigration depots" in Eastern Tennessee (such as Fort Cass) toward the more distant Indian Territory west of Arkansas. During this relocation an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way west. In the Cherokee language, the event is called Nunna daul Isunyi—"the Trail Where We Cried." The Cherokees were not the only American Indians forced to emigrate as a result of the Indian removal efforts of the United States, and so the phrase "Trail of Tears" is sometimes used to refer to similar events endured by other American Indian peoples, especially among the "Five Civilized Tribes". The phrase originated as a description of the earlier emigration of the Choctaw nation.

qas: question: Which Tennessee governor championed secession in February of 1861?
answers: text: Isham Harris

question: Which area of Tennessee was most resistant to secession?
answers: text: East Tennessee

question: What percentage of voters voted against secession in Tennessee's February 1861 referendum?
answers: text: 54

question: On which date did Tennessee enter a military alliance with the Confederacy?
answers: text: May 7, 1861

question: Which region of Tennessee swung in favor of secession in the June 1861 referendum?
answers: text: Middle Tennessee
context: In February 1861, secessionists in Tennessee's state government—led by Governor Isham Harris—sought voter approval for a convention to sever ties with the United States, but Tennessee voters rejected the referendum by a 54–46% margin. The strongest opposition to secession came from East Tennessee (which later tried to form a separate Union-aligned state). Following the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter in April and Lincoln's call for troops from Tennessee and other states in response, Governor Isham Harris began military mobilization, submitted an ordinance of secession to the General Assembly, and made direct overtures to the Confederate government. The Tennessee legislature ratified an agreement to enter a military league with the Confederate States on May 7, 1861. On June 8, 1861, with people in Middle Tennessee having significantly changed their position, voters approved a second referendum calling for secession, becoming the last state to do so.

qas: question: Which side won more Civil War battles in Tennessee?
answers: text: Union

question: Which Union commander seized control of the Tennessee River in February 1862?
answers: text: Ulysses S. Grant

question: During which month in 1862 did Union forces capture Memphis?
answers: text: June

question: Union control of Middle Tennessee was reaffirmed by what battle in January 1863?
answers: text: Battle of Murfreesboro
context: Many major battles of the American Civil War were fought in Tennessee—most of them Union victories. Ulysses S. Grant and the U.S. Navy captured control of the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers in February 1862. They held off the Confederate counterattack at Shiloh in April. Memphis fell to the Union in June, following a naval battle on the Mississippi River in front of the city. The Capture of Memphis and Nashville gave the Union control of the western and middle sections; this control was confirmed at the Battle of Murfreesboro in early January 1863 and by the subsequent Tullahoma Campaign.

qas: question: Which county in East Tennessee was more supportive of the Confederacy than its neighbors?
answers: text: Sullivan County

question: Which Confederate general failed to capture the Union fort at Knoxville?
answers: text: James Longstreet

question: Which Union general broke the Confederate siege of Chattanooga in November 1863?
answers: text: Grant

question: Which Confederate general launched an attack on Chattanooga from Perryville, KY?
answers: text: Braxton Bragg

question: Which battle did Confederate General Longstreet win in East Tennessee?
answers: text: Battle of Bean's Station
context: Confederates held East Tennessee despite the strength of Unionist sentiment there, with the exception of extremely pro-Confederate Sullivan County. The Confederates, led by General James Longstreet, did attack General Burnside's Fort Sanders at Knoxville and lost. It was a big blow to East Tennessee Confederate momentum, but Longstreet won the Battle of Bean's Station a few weeks later. The Confederates besieged Chattanooga during the Chattanooga Campaign in early fall 1863, but were driven off by Grant in November. Many of the Confederate defeats can be attributed to the poor strategic vision of General Braxton Bragg, who led the Army of Tennessee from Perryville, Kentucky to another Confederate defeat at Chattanooga.

qas: question: Which forces controlled most of Tennessee when slaves were emancipated?
answers: text: Union

question: Up to how many former slaves began fighting with for the Union after the Emancipation Proclamation?
answers: text: 200,000

question: Which edict freed slaves across most of the Confederacy, but technically not Tennessee?
answers: text: Emancipation Proclamation
context: When the Emancipation Proclamation was announced, Tennessee was mostly held by Union forces. Thus, Tennessee was not among the states enumerated in the Proclamation, and the Proclamation did not free any slaves there. Nonetheless, enslaved African Americans escaped to Union lines to gain freedom without waiting for official action. Old and young, men, women and children camped near Union troops. Thousands of former slaves ended up fighting on the Union side, nearly 200,000 in total across the South.

qas: question: Who was elected Vice President of the United States in 1864?
answers: text: Andrew Johnson

question: Which Confederate state's representation was readmitted to Congress first?
answers: text: Tennessee

question: On which date were Tennessee's elected representatives restored to their offices in Washington D.C.?
answers: text: July 24, 1866

question: Their ratification of which Amendment spared Tennessee a military governor during Reconstruction?
answers: text: Fourteenth

question: In which year did Andrew Johnson become President?
answers: text: 1865
context: In 1864, Andrew Johnson (a War Democrat from Tennessee) was elected Vice President under Abraham Lincoln. He became President after Lincoln's assassination in 1865. Under Johnson's lenient re-admission policy, Tennessee was the first of the seceding states to have its elected members readmitted to the U.S. Congress, on July 24, 1866. Because Tennessee had ratified the Fourteenth Amendment, it was the only one of the formerly secessionist states that did not have a military governor during the Reconstruction period.

qas: question: Who were targeted by restrictive laws passed in Southern states at the end of the 19th century?
answers: text: African Americans

question: In which year did the Tennessee General Assembly pass electoral reform laws that disenfranchised most African Americans in the state?
answers: text: 1889

question: Who besides African Americans were victims of Tennessee's late-19th century electoral reform?
answers: text: poor Whites

question: What is the name for laws dating from the late-19th century which promoted segregation?
answers: text: Jim Crow laws

question: Approximately how many African Americans lived in Tennessee in 1900?
answers: text: 480,430
context: After the formal end of Reconstruction, the struggle over power in Southern society continued. Through violence and intimidation against freedmen and their allies, White Democrats regained political power in Tennessee and other states across the South in the late 1870s and 1880s. Over the next decade, the state legislature passed increasingly restrictive laws to control African Americans. In 1889 the General Assembly passed four laws described as electoral reform, with the cumulative effect of essentially disfranchising most African Americans in rural areas and small towns, as well as many poor Whites. Legislation included implementation of a poll tax, timing of registration, and recording requirements. Tens of thousands of taxpaying citizens were without representation for decades into the 20th century. Disfranchising legislation accompanied Jim Crow laws passed in the late 19th century, which imposed segregation in the state. In 1900, African Americans made up nearly 24% of the state's population, and numbered 480,430 citizens who lived mostly in the central and western parts of the state.

qas: question: Who was elected governor of Tennessee in 2002?
answers: text: Phil Bredesen

question: Which Tennessee Senator was the only Republican first-time Senator elected in 2006?
answers: text: Bob Corker

question: Who was the first Republican Speaker of the Tennessee state senate since Democrats took control in the Reconstruction era?
answers: text: Ron Ramsey

question: Which political party did the majority of conservative Tennessee voters support in the early 20th century?
answers: text: Democratic
context: In 2002, businessman Phil Bredesen was elected as the 48th governor. Also in 2002, Tennessee amended the state constitution to allow for the establishment of a lottery. Tennessee's Bob Corker was the only freshman Republican elected to the United States Senate in the 2006 midterm elections. The state constitution was amended to reject same-sex marriage. In January 2007, Ron Ramsey became the first Republican elected as Speaker of the State Senate since Reconstruction, as a result of the realignment of the Democratic and Republican parties in the South since the late 20th century, with Republicans now elected by conservative voters, who previously had supported Democrats.

qas: question: What was Tennessee's estimated population in 2015?
answers: text: 6,600,299

question: What percentage population increase did Tennessee experience between 2010 and 2015?
answers: text: 4.01%

question: How much of Tennessee's population increase between 2010 and 2015 was due to migration?
answers: text: 219,551

question: In 2008, what percentage of Tennessee residents were born outside the South?
answers: text: Twenty percent

question: What net population increase during Tennessee's last two US Census reports was due to immigration from outside the country?
answers: text: 59,385
context: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2015, Tennessee had an estimated population of 6,600,299, which is an increase of 50,947, from the prior year and an increase of 254,194, or 4.01%, since the year 2010. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 142,266 people (that is 493,881 births minus 351,615 deaths), and an increase from net migration of 219,551 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 59,385 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 160,166 people. Twenty percent of Tennesseans were born outside the South in 2008, compared to a figure of 13.5% in 1990.

qas: question: What was Tennessee's most common self-reported ethnic group in 2000?
answers: text: American

question: What percent of Tennessee residents self-reported their ethnic group as Irish in 2000?
answers: text: 9.3%

question: Which European ancestries are most common among self-identified ethnic "Americans" in Tennessee?
answers: text: English and Scotch-Irish

question: What European national ancestry was claimed by 45% of Tennessee residents in 1980?
answers: text: English

question: What was Tennessee's population in 1980?
answers: text: 3,221,354
context: In 2000, the five most common self-reported ethnic groups in the state were: American (17.3%), African American (13.0%), Irish (9.3%), English (9.1%), and German (8.3%). Most Tennesseans who self-identify as having American ancestry are of English and Scotch-Irish ancestry. An estimated 21–24% of Tennesseans are of predominantly English ancestry. In the 1980 census 1,435,147 Tennesseans claimed "English" or "mostly English" ancestry out of a state population of 3,221,354 making them 45% of the state at the time.

qas: question: Which Protestant denomination has its headquarters in Nashville, TN?
answers: text: National Baptist Convention

question: Which Tennessee city contains the headquarters of the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy?
answers: text: Cleveland

question: The principle Bible college of the Free Will Baptists is located in which Tennessee city?
answers: text: Nashville

question: Which two major Protestant denominations are based in Memphis?
answers: text: Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church
context: Tennessee is home to several Protestant denominations, such as the National Baptist Convention (headquartered in Nashville); the Church of God in Christ and the Cumberland Presbyterian Church (both headquartered in Memphis); the Church of God and The Church of God of Prophecy (both headquartered in Cleveland). The Free Will Baptist denomination is headquartered in Antioch; its main Bible college is in Nashville. The Southern Baptist Convention maintains its general headquarters in Nashville. Publishing houses of several denominations are located in Nashville.

qas: question: Roughly how many farms are located in Tennesee?
answers: text: 82,000

question: Which livestock is the major focus of Tennessee agriculture?
answers: text: beef cattle

question: When did cotton first become a large-scale agricultural product in Tennessee?
answers: text: 1820s

question: Which river landform partly in Tennessee provided the most fertile land for cotton production?
answers: text: Mississippi Delta
context: Major outputs for the state include textiles, cotton, cattle, and electrical power. Tennessee has over 82,000 farms, roughly 59 percent of which accommodate beef cattle. Although cotton was an early crop in Tennessee, large-scale cultivation of the fiber did not begin until the 1820s with the opening of the land between the Tennessee and Mississippi Rivers. The upper wedge of the Mississippi Delta extends into southwestern Tennessee, and it was in this fertile section that cotton took hold. Soybeans are also heavily planted in West Tennessee, focusing on the northwest corner of the state.

qas: question: Where in Tennessee is the headquarters of International Paper?
answers: text: Memphis

question: Where is Nissan Motor Company's headquarters in the United States?
answers: text: Franklin

question: Which company has a $2 billion production plant in Bradley County?
answers: text: Wacker Chemie

question: Hemlock Semiconductor produces electronic components in which Tennessee city?
answers: text: Clarksville

question: Which major global shipping company is based in Memphis?
answers: text: FedEx
context: Major corporations with headquarters in Tennessee include FedEx, AutoZone and International Paper, all based in Memphis; Pilot Corporation and Regal Entertainment Group, based in Knoxville; Eastman Chemical Company, based in Kingsport; the North American headquarters of Nissan Motor Company, based in Franklin; Hospital Corporation of America and Caterpillar Financial, based in Nashville; and Unum, based in Chattanooga. Tennessee is also the location of the Volkswagen factory in Chattanooga, a $2 billion polysilicon production facility by Wacker Chemie in Bradley County, and a $1.2 billion polysilicon production facility by Hemlock Semiconductor in Clarksville.

qas: question: What types of income are exempt from Tennessee state income tax?
answers: text: salaries and wages

question: At what rate is Tennessee state sales and use tax usually applied?
answers: text: 7%

question: Above which amount is inheritance tax applied in Tennessee?
answers: text: $1,000,000

question: What is the sales tax on foodstuffs in Tennessee?
answers: text: 5.25%

question: Which edible items are taxed at the higher non-food sales and use tax rate in Tennessee?
answers: text: candy, dietary supplements and prepared food
context: The Tennessee income tax does not apply to salaries and wages, but most income from stock, bonds and notes receivable is taxable. All taxable dividends and interest which exceed the $1,250 single exemption or the $2,500 joint exemption are taxable at the rate of 6%. The state's sales and use tax rate for most items is 7%. Food is taxed at a lower rate of 5.25%, but candy, dietary supplements and prepared food are taxed at the full 7% rate. Local sales taxes are collected in most jurisdictions, at rates varying from 1.5% to 2.75%, bringing the total sales tax to between 8.5% and 9.75%, one of the highest levels in the nation. Intangible property is assessed on the shares of stock of stockholders of any loan company, investment company, insurance company or for-profit cemetery companies. The assessment ratio is 40% of the value multiplied by the tax rate for the jurisdiction. Tennessee imposes an inheritance tax on decedents' estates that exceed maximum single exemption limits ($1,000,000 for deaths in 2006 and thereafter).

qas: question: In which year did Tennessee tourism first exceed 100 million visitors?
answers: text: 2014

question: How many billions of dollars were spend by tourists in Tennessee in 2014?
answers: text: 17.7

question: How much tax revenue did tourism generate for Tennessee in 2014?
answers: text: $1.5 billion

question: In 2014, which three Tennessee counties took in the most money from tourism?
answers: text: Davidson, Shelby, and Sevier

question: What was the percentage increase in Tennessee's tourism-based jobs in 2014?
answers: text: 2.8%
context: Tourism contributes billions of dollars each year to the state's economy and Tennessee is ranked among the Top 10 destinations in the US. In 2014 a record 100 million people visited the state resulting in $17.7 billion in tourism related spending within the state, an increase of 6.3% over 2013; tax revenue from tourism equaled $1.5 billion. Each county in Tennessee saw at least $1 million from tourism while 19 counties received at least $100 million (Davidson, Shelby, and Sevier counties were the top three). Tourism-generated jobs for the state reached 152,900, a 2.8% increase. International travelers to Tennessee accounted for $533 million in spending.

qas: question: Which other state sent Tennessee the most tourists in 2013?
answers: text: Georgia

question: What percentage of out-of-state tourists stayed in Tennessee for four or more nights?
answers: text: 11%

question: What average daily amount did a tourist spend in Tennessee in 2013?
answers: text: $118

question: What percentage of Tennessee tourists daily spending in 2013 went toward accommodation?
answers: text: 17%

question: In which state do the greatest percentage of Tennessee tourists reside?
answers: text: Tennessee
context: In 2013 tourism within the state from local citizens accounted for 39.9% of tourists, the second highest originating location for tourists to Tennessee is the state of Georgia, accounting for 8.4% of tourists.:17 Forty-four percent of stays in the state were "day trips", 25% stayed one night, 15% stayed two nights, and 11% stayed 4 or more nights. The average stay was 2.16 nights, compared to 2.03 nights for the US as a whole.:40 The average person spent $118 per day: 29% on transportation, 24% on food, 17% on accommodation, and 28% on shopping and entertainment.:44

qas: question: Which city is the endpoint of I-26?
answers: text: Kingsport

question: I-24 connects which two Tennessee cities?
answers: text: Chattanooga to Clarksville

question: Which interstate highway running north-south passes through Memphis?
answers: text: Interstate 55

question: Which interstate ends at a junction close to Dandridge, Tennessee?
answers: text: Interstate 81

question: What Tennessee cities are connected by I-269?
answers: text: Millington to Collierville
context: Interstate 40 crosses the state in a west-east orientation. Its branch interstate highways include I-240 in Memphis; I-440 in Nashville; I-140 from Knoxville to Alcoa and I-640 in Knoxville. I-26, although technically an east-west interstate, runs from the North Carolina border below Johnson City to its terminus at Kingsport. I-24 is an east-west interstate that runs cross-state from Chattanooga to Clarksville. In a north-south orientation are highways I-55, I-65, I-75, and I-81. Interstate 65 crosses the state through Nashville, while Interstate 75 serves Chattanooga and Knoxville and Interstate 55 serves Memphis. Interstate 81 enters the state at Bristol and terminates at its junction with I-40 near Dandridge. I-155 is a branch highway from I-55. The only spur highway of I-75 in Tennessee is I-275, which is in Knoxville. When completed, I-69 will travel through the western part of the state, from South Fulton to Memphis. A branch interstate, I-269 also exists from Millington to Collierville.

qas: question: Which are the two main parties in Tennessee politics?
answers: text: Republican and the Democratic

question: Which part of Tennessee voted more Republican in the years following the Civil War?
answers: text: eastern

question: What type of farmers inhabited eastern Tennessee in the late 19th century?
answers: text: yeoman

question: Which crops grown in West Tennessee had required a great deal of slave labor?
answers: text: tobacco and cotton
context: Tennessee politics, like that of most U.S. states, are dominated by the Republican and the Democratic parties. Historian Dewey W. Grantham traces divisions in the state to the period of the American Civil War: for decades afterward, the eastern third of the state was Republican and the western two thirds voted Democrat. This division was related to the state's pattern of farming, plantations and slaveholding. The eastern section was made up of yeoman farmers, but Middle and West Tennessee cultivated crops, such as tobacco and cotton, that were dependent on the use of slave labor. These areas became defined as Democratic after the war.

qas: question: Which party did most former slaves join when they were given the right to vote after the Civil War?
answers: text: Republican

question: In which decade did the Tennessee legislature institute a poll tax?
answers: text: 1880s

question: Which party declined in Tennessee politics following voting reform legislation during Reconstruction?
answers: text: Republican

question: What percentage of the Tennessee population was African-American in 1900?
answers: text: 23.8

question: In 1913, the Tennessee state legislature made which organizational structure the default form of city government in the state?
answers: text: Board of Commission
context: During Reconstruction, freedmen and former free people of color were granted the right to vote; most joined the Republican Party. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. Following Reconstruction, Tennessee continued to have competitive party politics. But in the 1880s, the white-dominated state government passed four laws, the last of which imposed a poll tax requirement for voter registration. These served to disenfranchise most African Americans, and their power in the Republican Party, the state, and cities where they had significant population was markedly reduced. In 1900 African Americans comprised 23.8 percent of the state's population, concentrated in Middle and West Tennessee. In the early 1900s, the state legislature approved a form of commission government for cities based on at-large voting for a few positions on a Board of Commission; several adopted this as another means to limit African-American political participation. In 1913 the state legislature enacted a bill enabling cities to adopt this structure without legislative approval.

qas: question: Which Republican presidential candidate did Tennessee support in 1920?
answers: text: Warren G. Harding

question: What religion was the Democratic presidential candidate that Tennessee voted against in 1928?
answers: text: Catholic

question: How many times has Tennessee supported Democratic presidential candidates in the general elections since the 1950s?
answers: text: four

question: Which Republican won the Presidency while carrying Tennessee in 1928?
answers: text: Herbert Hoover
context: After disenfranchisement of blacks, the GOP in Tennessee was historically a sectional party supported by whites only in the eastern part of the state. In the 20th century, except for two nationwide Republican landslides of the 1920s (in 1920, when Tennessee narrowly supported Warren G. Harding over Ohio Governor James Cox, and in 1928, when it more decisively voted for Herbert Hoover over New York Governor Al Smith, a Catholic), the state was part of the Democratic Solid South until the 1950s. In that postwar decade, it twice voted for Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower, former Allied Commander of the Armed Forces during World War II. Since then, more of the state's voters have shifted to supporting Republicans, and Democratic presidential candidates have carried Tennessee only four times.

qas: question: In 1960, what group made up 16.45% of Tennessee's population?
answers: text: African Americans

question: What Congressional Act fully re-enfranchised African-American in Tennessee?
answers: text: Voting Rights Act of 1965

question: Which Republican Senator's 1970 victory showed the Republican Party's renewed competitiveness in Tennessee?
answers: text: Bill Brock

question: Which constituency has become the Republican Party's staunchest supporters in Tennessee?
answers: text: white conservatives

question: Which Republican was elected Tennessee Governor in 1970?
answers: text: Winfield Dunn
context: By 1960 African Americans comprised 16.45% of the state's population. It was not until after the mid-1960s and passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that they were able to vote in full again, but new devices, such as at-large commission city governments, had been adopted in several jurisdictions to limit their political participation. Former Gov. Winfield Dunn and former U.S. Sen. Bill Brock wins in 1970 helped make the Republican Party competitive among whites for the statewide victory. Tennessee has selected governors from different parties since 1970. Increasingly the Republican Party has become the party of white conservatives.

qas: question: Which two Tennessee cities are most supportive of the Democratic Party?
answers: text: Nashville and Memphis

question: Which Tennessee city has the largest African-American population?
answers: text: Memphis

question: Which two eastern Tennessee congressional districts have the longest track record of favoring Republican candidates?
answers: text: 1st and 2nd

question: Since which year has Tennessee's 1st congressional district voted overwhelmingly Republican?
answers: text: 1881

question: Which two Tennessee metropolitan areas have been most supportive of the Republican Party?
answers: text: Tri-Cities and Knoxville
context: In the early 21st century, Republican voters control most of the state, especially in the more rural and suburban areas outside of the cities; Democratic strength is mostly confined to the urban cores of the four major cities, and is particularly strong in the cities of Nashville and Memphis. The latter area includes a large African-American population. Historically, Republicans had their greatest strength in East Tennessee before the 1960s. Tennessee's 1st and 2nd congressional districts, based in the Tri-Cities and Knoxville, respectively, are among the few historically Republican districts in the South. Those districts' residents supported the Union over the Confederacy during the Civil War; they identified with the GOP after the war and have stayed with that party ever since. The 1st has been in Republican hands continuously since 1881, and Republicans (or their antecedents) have held it for all but four years since 1859. The 2nd has been held continuously by Republicans or their antecedents since 1859.

qas: question: Which Democratic candidate lost his own state in the 2000 general election?
answers: text: Al Gore

question: By what percentage of the popular vote did George W. Bush carry Tennessee in 2004?
answers: text: 14%

question: Democratic presidential candidates from which region's states have fared best in recent Tennessee history?
answers: text: Southern

question: Which 2000 presidential candidate was a former US Senator from Tennessee?
answers: text: Al Gore
context: In the 2000 presidential election, Vice President Al Gore, a former Democratic U.S. Senator from Tennessee, failed to carry his home state, an unusual occurrence but indicative of strengthening Republican support. Republican George W. Bush received increased support in 2004, with his margin of victory in the state increasing from 4% in 2000 to 14% in 2004. Democratic presidential nominees from Southern states (such as Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton) usually fare better than their Northern counterparts do in Tennessee, especially among split-ticket voters outside the metropolitan areas.

qas: question: Which 1962 US Supreme Court ruling forced states to realign their voting districts to reflect census findings? 
answers: text: Baker v. Carr

question: What phrase expresses the Supreme Court's 1962 decision that population overrules geographic consideration in election districting?
answers: text: one man, one vote

question: A bias in Tennessee politics favoring which type of geographical district gave rise to the Baker v. Carr Supreme Court case?
answers: text: rural

question: Which type of geographical district became more powerful in Tennessee politics following the 1962 Supreme Court decision?
answers: text: urban
context: The Baker v. Carr (1962) decision of the US Supreme Court established the principle of "one man, one vote", requiring state legislatures to redistrict to bring Congressional apportionment in line with decennial censuses. It also required both houses of state legislatures to be based on population for representation and not geographic districts such as counties. This case arose out of a lawsuit challenging the longstanding rural bias of apportionment of seats in the Tennessee legislature. After decades in which urban populations had been underrepresented in many state legislatures, this significant ruling led to an increased (and proportional) prominence in state politics by urban and, eventually, suburban, legislators and statewide officeholders in relation to their population within the state. The ruling also applied to numerous other states long controlled by rural minorities, such as Alabama, Vermont, and Montana.

qas: question: Which Tennessee law enforcement agency looks for road safety violations?
answers: text: Highway Patrol

question: Which Tennessee agency enforces state wildlife regulations outside of parks?
answers: text: TWRA

question: What is the acronym for Tennessee's statewide criminal investigation agency?
answers: text: TBI

question: Who provides law enforcement within Tennessee's state parks?
answers: text: Tennessee State Park Rangers
context: The Highway Patrol is the primary law enforcement entity that concentrates on highway safety regulations and general non-wildlife state law enforcement and is under the jurisdiction of the Tennessee Department of Safety. The TWRA is an independent agency tasked with enforcing all wildlife, boating, and fisheries regulations outside of state parks. The TBI maintains state-of-the-art investigative facilities and is the primary state-level criminal investigative department. Tennessee State Park Rangers are responsible for all activities and law enforcement inside the Tennessee State Parks system.

qas: question: Each Tennessee county must elect which law enforcement official?
answers: text: Sheriff

question: Which law enforcement entity serves warrants in Tennessee?
answers: text: Sheriff's Office

question: Who is in charge of policing Tennessee counties' unincorporated areas?
answers: text: County Sheriff

question: Who polices incorporated areas of Tennessee's counties?
answers: text: Municipal Police Departments

question: What proportion of Tennessee counties recognize their Sheriff as their head law enforcement official?
answers: text: 94 of the 95
context: Local law enforcement is divided between County Sheriff's Offices and Municipal Police Departments. Tennessee's Constitution requires that each County have an elected Sheriff. In 94 of the 95 counties the Sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer in the county and has jurisdiction over the county as a whole. Each Sheriff's Office is responsible for warrant service, court security, jail operations and primary law enforcement in the unincorporated areas of a county as well as providing support to the municipal police departments. Incorporated municipalities are required to maintain a police department to provide police services within their corporate limits.

qas: question: What method did Tennessee use for capital punishment before 1913?
answers: text: hanging

question: In which year was electrocution introduced as Tennessee's method of execution?
answers: text: 1916

question: How many prisoners did Tennessee execute between 1916 and 1960?
answers: text: 125

question: How many inmates has Tennessee executed since 2000?
answers: text: six

question: How many death row inmates were awaiting executing in Tennessee in April 2015?
answers: text: 73
context: Capital punishment has existed in Tennessee at various times since statehood. Before 1913 the method of execution was hanging. From 1913 to 1915 there was a hiatus on executions but they were reinstated in 1916 when electrocution became the new method. From 1972 to 1978, after the Supreme Court ruled (Furman v. Georgia) capital punishment unconstitutional, there were no further executions. Capital punishment was restarted in 1978, although those prisoners awaiting execution between 1960 and 1978 had their sentences mostly commuted to life in prison. From 1916 to 1960 the state executed 125 inmates. For a variety of reasons there were no further executions until 2000. Since 2000, Tennessee has executed six prisoners and has 73 prisoners on death row (as of April 2015).

qas: question: What is the nickname of the University of Tennessee, Knoxville athletic teams?
answers: text: Volunteers

question: In which year did the University of Tennessee begin competing in the Southeastern Conference of the NCAA?
answers: text: 1932

question: How many college football bowl championships have the Tennessee Volunteers won?
answers: text: 25

question: What is the farthest the Tennessee Volunteers have progressed in the NCAA men's basketball tournament?
answers: text: Elite Eight

question: How many national titles has the Tennessee Volunteers women's basketball team claimed?
answers: text: 8
context: In Knoxville, the Tennessee Volunteers college team has played in the Southeastern Conference of the National Collegiate Athletic Association since 1932. The football team has won 13 SEC championships and 25 bowls, including four Sugar Bowls, three Cotton Bowls, an Orange Bowl and a Fiesta Bowl. Meanwhile, the men's basketball team has won four SEC championships and reached the NCAA Elite Eight in 2010. In addition, the women's basketball team has won a host of SEC regular-season and tournament titles along with 8 national titles.