Germans

qas: question: Approximately how many of the world population speak German as a native language? 
answers: text: 100 million

question: Of the population that speaks German as a native language how many of them consider themselves to be German?
answers: text: 80 million

question: How many of the worlds population claim German ancestors?
answers: text: 80 million

question: what is the total number of Germans both native speaking and heredity in the world?
answers: text: between 100 and more than 150 million

question: Where in Brazil is most of the German descendants located?
answers: text: mainly in the South Region of the country

question: How many native German speakers in the world are there?
answers: text: 100 million

question: How many native German speakers consider themselves German?
answers: text: 80 million

question: How many people in the world claim to be from German ancestry?
answers: text: 100 and more than 150 million

question: Where do an additional 80 million German natives live?

question: How many people single ethnic Germans are there in the world?
context: Of approximately 100 million native speakers of German in the world, roughly 80 million consider themselves Germans.[citation needed] There are an additional 80 million people of German ancestry mainly in the United States, Brazil (mainly in the South Region of the country), Argentina, Canada, South Africa, the post-Soviet states (mainly in Russia and Kazakhstan), and France, each accounting for at least 1 million.[note 2] Thus, the total number of Germans lies somewhere between 100 and more than 150 million, depending on the criteria applied (native speakers, single-ancestry ethnic Germans, partial German ancestry, etc.).

qas: question: What emperor forced the Germanic tribes to the east side of the Rhine?
answers: text: Julius Caesar

question: In what did Emperor Augustus order the conquest of the Germans? 
answers: text: 12 BC

question: The Romans suffered a horrible defeat in there conquest of the Germans in what battle? 
answers: text: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest

question: Roman's adoption of what religion would greatly influence the German society? 
answers: text: Christianity

question: Through what act would Roman and German customs become intertwine? 
answers: text: Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried

question: Which Roman emperor ordered the conquest of the Germans?
answers: text: Augustus

question: What religion did Germans adopt?
answers: text: Christianity

question: What battle did Germans defeat the Romans?
answers: text: Battle of the Teutoburg Forest r

question: Who ordered the conquest of the Germans in the 1200's BC

question: Who did the Romans defeat ate the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest?

question: What did the Romans get from the Germans?

question: What identity did Roman culture form?
context: Conflict between the Germanic tribes and the forces of Rome under Julius Caesar forced major Germanic tribes to retreat to the east bank of the Rhine. Roman emperor Augustus in 12 BC ordered the conquest of the Germans, but the catastrophic Roman defeat at the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest resulted in the Roman Empire abandoning its plans to completely conquer Germany. Germanic peoples in Roman territory were culturally Romanized, and although much of Germany remained free of direct Roman rule, Rome deeply influenced the development of German society, especially the adoption of Christianity by the Germans who obtained it from the Romans. In Roman-held territories with Germanic populations, the Germanic and Roman peoples intermarried, and Roman, Germanic, and Christian traditions intermingled. The adoption of Christianity would later become a major influence in the development of a common German identity.

qas: question: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what groups in the east?
answers: text: Balts and Slavs

question: During the Migrations period Germans would encounter what group in the south?
answers: text: Celts

question: The Limes Germanicus was breached in what year?
answers: text: AD 260

question: Who allied with the Germans after previous fighting them along side the Romans?
answers: text: the Huns

question: What leader had both prominent German and Hun families in his entourage throughout Europe? 
answers: text: Attila

question: When was the Limes Germanicus breached?
answers: text: AD 260

question: Who did the Germans come in contact with to the south?
answers: text: Celts

question: Which Germanic tribe did the Huns cooperate with?
answers: text: Ostrogoths

question: What language did the Huns adopt?
answers: text: East Germanic

question: What happened to the Huns after Attila's death?
answers: text: either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans

question: During what period did the Germanic people have little contact with other people?

question: What was breached in the 2nd century AD?

question: What happened to the Huns after the Roman Empire collapsed?

question: what part of Europe did the Huns conquer for Rome?
context: The Germanic peoples during the Migrations Period came into contact with other peoples; in the case of the populations settling in the territory of modern Germany, they encountered Celts to the south, and Balts and Slavs towards the east. The Limes Germanicus was breached in AD 260. Migrating Germanic tribes commingled with the local Gallo-Roman populations in what is now Swabia and Bavaria. The arrival of the Huns in Europe resulted in Hun conquest of large parts of Eastern Europe, the Huns initially were allies of the Roman Empire who fought against Germanic tribes, but later the Huns cooperated with the Germanic tribe of the Ostrogoths, and large numbers of Germans lived within the lands of the Hunnic Empire of Attila. Attila had both Hunnic and Germanic families and prominent Germanic chiefs amongst his close entourage in Europe. The Huns living in Germanic territories in Eastern Europe adopted an East Germanic language as their lingua franca. A major part of Attila's army were Germans, during the Huns' campaign against the Roman Empire. After Attila's unexpected death the Hunnic Empire collapsed with the Huns disappearing as a people in Europe – who either escaped into Asia, or otherwise blended in amongst Europeans.

qas: question: how many tribes are credited with the creation of the modern day germans?
answers: text: five tribes

question: In modern day what is still influenced by the  five tribes?
answers: text: German language

question: What king united the tribes in the 9th century? 
answers: text: Charlemagne

question: What part of Germany became mostly Slavonic-speaking due to migration?  
answers: text: Eastern Germany

question: The tribes that moved out of east Germany took to inhabit what fallen empires lands?
answers: text: Roman Empire

question: What five tribes are attributed with coalescing into a German ethnicity?
answers: text: Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii

question: What 6th tribe is sometimes included with the original 5 German tribes?
answers: text: Frisians

question: Who united the 5 tribes?
answers: text: king Charlemagne

question: What century did King Charlemagne reign? 
answers: text: 9th

question: What modern ethnic group was formed by 6 migrating tribes?

question: Who was united in the 900's?

question: Who ruled the territory of modern Germany in the 900's?

question: Where did Slavonic tries migrate to from Eastern Germany?
context: The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the German language are still divided up into these groups. Linguists distinguish low Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian, Thuringian and Alemannic varieties in modern German. By the 9th century, the large tribes which lived on the territory of modern Germany had been united under the rule of the Frankish king Charlemagne, known in German as Karl der Große. Much of what is now Eastern Germany became Slavonic-speaking (Sorbs and Veleti), after these areas were vacated by Germanic tribes (Vandals, Lombards, Burgundians and Suebi amongst others) which had migrated into the former areas of the Roman Empire.

qas: question: What period in history do we see the emergence of German culture?
answers: text: High Middle Ages

question: The kingdom of Germany formed within what outer established empires?
answers: text: East Francia

question: When was the Title King of the Germans first used?
answers: text: late 11th century

question: Who coined the phrase "king of the Germans"
answers: text: chancery of Pope Gregory VII,

question: Who was given the prilavage of being called the first King of the Germans?
answers: text: Henry IV

question: When did a German ethnicity emerge?
answers: text: the Middle Ages

question: When is the title of rex teutonicum first used?
answers: text: the late 11th century

question: Who first used rex teutonicum?
answers: text: Pope Gregory VII

question: When is ein diutscher first used?
answers: text: 12th century

question: What does ein diutscher mean?
answers: text: a German

question: What ethnicity emerged following the Middle Ages?

question: What kingdom was formed in the 900's?

question: What two empires formed the kingdom of Germany?

question: What title is first used in the 1100's?

question: What term has been used to refer to the people of the region since the 1200's?
context: A German ethnicity emerged in the course of the Middle Ages, ultimately as a result of the formation of the kingdom of Germany within East Francia and later the Holy Roman Empire, beginning in the 9th century. The process was gradual and lacked any clear definition, and the use of exonyms designating "the Germans" develops only during the High Middle Ages. The title of rex teutonicum "King of the Germans" is first used in the late 11th century, by the chancery of Pope Gregory VII, to describe the future Holy Roman Emperor of the German Nation Henry IV. Natively, the term ein diutscher ("a German") is used for the people of Germany from the 12th century.

qas: question: The Expansion of Germany  by the Catholic Church into the areas of the Slavs and balts is know as what?
answers: text: Ostsiedlung

question: What was the name of the group that waged war in the Baltic?
answers: text: Catholic German Teutonic Knights

question: Who was the Old Prussians ethnic group related to?
answers: text: Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples

question: Although conquered the Persian language lived on till when?
answers: text: 17th or early 18th century

question: Who is a famous German that  name has Slavic origins?
answers: text: Karl von Clausewitz

question: When was the Prussian language extinct?
answers: text: 17th or early 18th century

question: What happened to the Slavic people of the Baltic?
answers: text: were assimilated into German culture

question: Who led the German expansion?
answers: text: the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers

question: What famous German military strategist has a name with Slavic origin?
answers: text: Karl von Clausewitz

question: What let to the assimilation of Baltic and Slavic populations?
answers: text: Massive German settlement

question: What language was extinct by the 1700 or early 1800's

question: Who conquered the Catholic German Teutonic Knights?

question: Who held back the German expansion?

question: What was the German aristocracy known as?
context: After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung. During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current reference to the people known then simply as the "Prussians"), were conquered by the Germans. The Old Prussians were an ethnic group related to the Latvian and Lithuanian Baltic peoples. The former German state of Prussia took its name from the Baltic Prussians, although it was led by Germans who had assimilated the Old Prussians; the old Prussian language was extinct by the 17th or early 18th century. The Slavic people of the Teutonic-controlled Baltic were assimilated into German culture and eventually there were many intermarriages of Slavic and German families, including amongst the Prussia's aristocracy known as the Junkers. Prussian military strategist Karl von Clausewitz is a famous German whose surname is of Slavic origin. Massive German settlement led to the assimilation of Baltic (Old Prussians) and Slavic (Wends) populations, who were exhausted by previous warfare.

qas: question: German's domination of trade in the Eastern Europe was credited to what?
answers: text: naval innovations

question: Because of the increased trade what places became the hubs of German culture?
answers: text: Hanseatic trade stations

question: What was promoted due to wealth and power of the German families?
answers: text: Stadtrecht

question: the holy roman empire due to its many different conquests was seen as what type of society?
answers: text: multi-ethnic and multi-lingual

question: What helped the Germans dominate trade?
answers: text: naval innovations

question: What is the German work for German town law?
answers: text: Stadtrecht

question: Was the Hanseatic league exclusively German?
answers: text: The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German

question: What other ethnicities, besides German were part of The Empire?
answers: text: Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish

question: What lead to the defeat of the Hanseatic League?

question: What type of law was opposed by wealthy Germans?

question: What empire did members of the Hanseatic League come from?

question: What Empire was ethnically German?
context: At the same time, naval innovations led to a German domination of trade in the Baltic Sea and parts of Eastern Europe through the Hanseatic League. Along the trade routes, Hanseatic trade stations became centers of the German culture. German town law (Stadtrecht) was promoted by the presence of large, relatively wealthy German populations, their influence and political power. Thus people who would be considered "Germans", with a common culture, language, and worldview different from that of the surrounding rural peoples, colonized trading towns as far north of present-day Germany as Bergen (in Norway), Stockholm (in Sweden), and Vyborg (now in Russia). The Hanseatic League was not exclusively German in any ethnic sense: many towns who joined the league were outside the Holy Roman Empire and a number of them may only loosely be characterized as German. The Empire itself was not entirely German either. It had a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual structure, some of the smaller ethnicities and languages used at different times were Dutch, Italian, French, Czech and Polish.

qas: question: By what time period had many of the Jewish  population joined the Holy Roman Empire?
answers: text: Middle Ages

question: The Jewish populations upon migrating into the German society mingled languages to form what new language? 
answers: text: Yiddish

question: What cause the tolerance and mixing  into German Society to end for the Jews?
answers: text: Crusades

question: What language did many of the Jews speak after the crusades? 
answers: text: German

question: What language did the Jews speak prior to assimilating into German culture?
answers: text: Judeo-French

question: After assimilating to German culture, what language did the Jews adopt?
answers: text: Yiddish.

question: When did Jewish assimilation end?
answers: text: during the Crusades

question: What happened to the Jews during the crusades?
answers: text: forcefully expelled from Germany

question: What group assimilated into German culture following the Middle Ages?

question: What sped up Jewish assimilation into German society?

question: Who migrated to Germany during the Crusades?

question: Where was Yiddish spoken after the Crusades?
context: By the Middle Ages, large numbers of Jews lived in the Holy Roman Empire and had assimilated into German culture, including many Jews who had previously assimilated into French culture and had spoken a mixed Judeo-French language. Upon assimilating into German culture, the Jewish German peoples incorporated major parts of the German language and elements of other European languages into a mixed language known as Yiddish. However tolerance and assimilation of Jews in German society suddenly ended during the Crusades with many Jews being forcefully expelled from Germany and Western Yiddish disappeared as a language in Germany over the centuries, with German Jewish people fully adopting the German language.

qas: question: What was one of the main factors that caused the dissolve of the Holy Roman Empire?
answers: text: Napoleonic Wars

question: What assured  Europe would remain the same preventing Germany from becoming one country?
answers: text: Congress of Vienna

question: When was the Crimean War?
answers: text: 1856

question: When was Germany's unification? 
answers: text: 1860s

question: What prominent Jewish German  sought German unification in the mid 19th century?
answers: text: Eduard Lasker

question: What was the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire?
answers: text: The Napoleonic Wars

question: What two countries emerged as competitors after the Congress of Vienna?
answers: text: Austria and Prussia

question: Who led the way for the Congress of Vienna?
answers: text: Austria

question: In what decade was German unification?
answers: text: 1860s

question: Who was Eduard Lasker?
answers: text: a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century

question: what wars lead to the expansion of the Holy Roman Empire?

question: What declined after the fall of the Holy Roman Empire?

question: What quest began in the 1900's?

question: Where was Prussia trying to remain the dominate power?

question: who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid 1900's?
context: The Napoleonic Wars were the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and ultimately the cause for the quest for a German nation state in 19th-century German nationalism. After the Congress of Vienna, Austria and Prussia emerged as two competitors. Austria, trying to remain the dominant power in Central Europe, led the way in the terms of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress of Vienna was essentially conservative, assuring that little would change in Europe and preventing Germany from uniting. These terms came to a sudden halt following the Revolutions of 1848 and the Crimean War in 1856, paving the way for German unification in the 1860s. By the 1820s, large numbers of Jewish German women had intermarried with Christian German men and had converted to Christianity. Jewish German Eduard Lasker was a prominent German nationalist figure who promoted the unification of Germany in the mid-19th century.

qas: question: When did the strife between Austria and Prussia erupt?
answers: text: 1866

question: in What conflict of the German war did the Prussians successfully create the North German Confederation?
answers: text: (Battle of Königgrätz

question: What was Germany going to be called if Prussian won?
answers: text: Little Germany

question: What was Austria not willing to give up to settle the conflict?
answers: text: non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire

question: When did Austria and Prussia go to war?
answers: text: 1866

question: Who won the battle of Koniggratz?
answers: text: Prussia

question: What did the Prussians want Germany to unify under?
answers: text: Little Germany

question: What was created when the Prussians defeated Austria??
answers: text: North German Confederation

question: Who did Austria go to war with in the late 18th century?

question: Who did the Austrians defeat at the Battle of Koniggratz?

question: What land was Prussia unwilling to give up?

question: Who did Austria want ti unify as little Germany?
context: In 1866, the feud between Austria and Prussia finally came to a head. There were several reasons behind this war. As German nationalism grew strongly inside the German Confederation and neither could decide on how Germany was going to be unified into a nation-state. The Austrians favoured the Greater Germany unification but were not willing to give up any of the non-German-speaking land inside of the Austrian Empire and take second place to Prussia. The Prussians however wanted to unify Germany as Little Germany primarily by the Kingdom of Prussia, whilst excluding Austria. In the final battle of the German war (Battle of Königgrätz) the Prussians successfully defeated the Austrians and succeeded in creating the North German Confederation.

qas: question: When did France attack Prussia? 
answers: text: 1870

question: Who won the Franco-Prussian War?
answers: text: Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany

question: When was the German Empire founded?
answers: text: 1871

question: What regions was excluded from the German Empire?
answers: text: effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy

question: What was the primary religion of Germany?
answers: text: Protestant

question: When was the German empire created?
answers: text: 1871

question: Who was excluded from the German Nation State?
answers: text: Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein

question: What religion was a majority in Germany?
answers: text: Protestant

question: What did many people in Germany still want to do?
answers: text: Integrating the Austrians

question: When did Prussia attack France?

question: What war started in the late 18th century?

question: What empire was formed in the late 18th century?

question: Who did the Catholics want to exclude from the German Empire?
context: In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Austrians nevertheless remained a strong desire for many people of Germany and Austria, especially among the liberals, the social democrats and also the Catholics who were a minority within the Protestant Germany.

qas: question: What leader tried to unite all people considered themselves "German"
answers: text: Adolf Hitler

question: Who resisted the uniting of people under Hitler?
answers: text: The Swiss

question: The Swiss has viewed themselves as their own country since what year?
answers: text: 1648

question: Who welcomed the idea in area such as Sudetenland and Poland?
answers: text: ethnic Germans

question: Who headed the Nazis?
answers: text: Adolf Hitler

question: Who resisted the Nazi idea of uniting all Germans from the get go?
answers: text: The Swiss

question: Since when had the Swiss viewed themselves as a different nation?
answers: text: 1648

question: When was the Peace of Westphalia?
answers: text: 1648

question: Who wanted to unite all of the Germans all over the area?
answers: text: The Nazis

question: Where did ethnic Germans emigrate to under Adolf Hitler?

question: Who considered themselves a separate nation since the 16th century

question: What did Germans in Sudetenland resist?
context: The Nazis, led by Adolf Hitler, attempted to unite all the people they claimed were "Germans" (Volksdeutsche) into one realm, including ethnic Germans in eastern Europe, many of whom had emigrated more than one hundred fifty years before and developed separate cultures in their new lands. This idea was initially welcomed by many ethnic Germans in Sudetenland, Austria, Poland, Danzig and western Lithuania, particularly the Germans from Klaipeda (Memel). The Swiss resisted the idea. They had viewed themselves as a distinctly separate nation since the Peace of Westphalia of 1648.

qas: question: With the conclusion of World War 2 what did most Eastern Europe countries do with their German citizens?
answers: text: expelled the Germans

question: How long did many of the Germans live in the eastern Europe countries before being expelled? 
answers: text: for centuries

question: Approximately how many Germans were expelled from their home after world war II?
answers: text: 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens

question: After World War II where were Germans forced to relocate to?
answers: text: westwards to allied-occupied Germany

question: How many Germans were expelled after WWII?
answers: text: Between 12 and 16,5 million

question: After what war were Germans expelled from their territories? 
answers: text: World War II

question: Where were Germans that were inhabiting other lands expelled to?
answers: text: allied-occupied Germany

question: Where in eastern Europe did Germans settle after World War II?

question: How many ethnic Germans left allied Germany following World War II?

question: Who was expelled from eastern Europe after World War II?
context: After World War II, eastern European countries such as the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia expelled the Germans from their territories. Many of those had inhabited these lands for centuries, developing a unique culture. Germans were also forced to leave the former eastern territories of Germany, which were annexed by Poland (Silesia, Pomerania, parts of Brandenburg and southern part of East Prussia) and the Soviet Union (northern part of East Prussia). Between 12 and 16,5 million ethnic Germans and German citizens were expelled westwards to allied-occupied Germany.

qas: question: What is credited with the origins of the German identity?
answers: text: Protestant Reformation

question: How was early German culture developed?
answers: text: literary and religious figures

question: What man is credited with the emergence of the German nation?
answers: text: Johann Gottfried Herder

question: When did the popularity of the German nation increase?
answers: text: aftermath of the French Revolution

question: What is credited with creating the Origins of a German identity?
answers: text: Protestant Reformation

question: Who developed the concept of a German Nation?
answers: text: Johann Gottfried Herder

question: When did the popularity of a German identity arise?
answers: text: in the aftermath of the French Revolution

question: Who was Johann Herder?
answers: text: German philosopher

question: What movement slowed the spread of a German identity?

question: What concept was developed by Martin Luther?

question: What literay and religious figures helped spread German culture in europe?
context: The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature. Early German national culture was developed through literary and religious figures including Martin Luther, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller. The concept of a German nation was developed by German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder. The popularity of German identity arose in the aftermath of the French Revolution.

qas: question: Residence that speak German as their mother tongue and  families have been in place for generations are often consider?
answers: text: most German

question: What is the name given to Germans who family left but came back to the lands?
answers: text: Aussiedler

question: What is the name of  gven to the population that lives outside of current Germany boundary but still within historic Germany?
answers: text: Restdeutsche

question: What are refugees from Germany that still speak German referred to?
answers: text: Auswanderer

question: People who have generations of family in Germany, and look and speak German are classified as what?
answers: text: most German

question: Who are people of German ancestry but have lived in other parts of Europe, then returned to Germany?
answers: text: Aussiedler

question: What are people who have ancestral roots in Germany, but now live outside of Germany called?
answers: text: Restdeutsche

question: What are people called who have left Germany but still speak German?
answers: text: Auswanderer

question: Who are people of German ancestry living in western Europe?

question: What is the term for people who's families emigrated from Germany and may or may not still speak German?

question:  Restdeutsche live in lands that where never part of what?

question: What are all people who's first language is German called?
context: Persons who speak German as their first language, look German and whose families have lived in Germany for generations are considered "most German", followed by categories of diminishing Germanness such as Aussiedler (people of German ancestry whose families have lived in Eastern Europe but who have returned to Germany), Restdeutsche (people living in lands that have historically belonged to Germany but which is currently outside of Germany), Auswanderer (people whose families have emigrated from Germany and who still speak German), German speakers in German-speaking nations such as Austrians, and finally people of German emigrant background who no longer speak German.

qas: question: What is the native language of Germans?
answers: text: German

question: What languages is German related to?
answers: text: English and Dutch

question: How many natives speak German?
answers: text: 100 million

question: What is the most commonly spoken language in the European Union?
answers: text: German

question: What is the dominant language of science?
answers: text: English

question: How many people speak German around the world?

question: What is the most widely spoken language around the world?

question: Where has German replaced English as the dominant language?

question: What was English the dominant language of before the 20th century?
context: The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most widely spoken first language in the European Union. German has been replaced by English as the dominant language of science-related Nobel Prize laureates during the second half of the 20th century. It was a lingua franca in the Holy Roman Empire.

qas: question: How many German Americans are there?
answers: text: 50 million

question: How many Germans live in Brazil?
answers: text: 5 million

question: How many people in the world have German heritage?
answers: text: 100 million

question: America is home to what percentage of German decedent people?
answers: text: one third

question: How many people of German  decent live in the Americas?

question: How many German speaking people live in Brazil?

question: How many German speaking people live around the world?

question: What countries claim 1 million people of German descent between them?
context: People of German origin are found in various places around the globe. United States is home to approximately 50 million German Americans or one third of the German diaspora, making it the largest centre of German-descended people outside Germany. Brazil is the second largest with 5 million people claiming German ancestry. Other significant centres are Canada, Argentina, South Africa and France each accounting for at least 1 million. While the exact number of German-descended people is difficult to calculate, the available data makes it safe to claim the number is exceeding 100 million people.

qas: question: Who is a German philosopher from the middle ages?
answers: text: Albertus Magnus

question: When was Leibniz an active philosopher?
answers: text: 17th century

question: What German philosopher inspired Schopenhauer and Nietzsche?
answers: text: Kant

question: In the late 19th century, which German philosopher helped develop the idea of communism?
answers: text: Engels

question: When was the University of Berlin founded?
answers: text: 1810

question: What German philosopher is from the 1700's?

question: What did the German philosopher Kant shape in the Middle Ages?

question: What did Engels develop in the 1900's?

question: What did Heideggar do in the 2000's?

question: What university was founded in the 18th century?
context: German philosophers have helped shape western philosophy from as early as the Middle Ages (Albertus Magnus). Later, Leibniz (17th century) and most importantly Kant played central roles in the history of philosophy. Kantianism inspired the work of Schopenhauer and Nietzsche as well as German idealism defended by Fichte and Hegel. Engels helped develop communist theory in the second half of the 19th century while Heidegger and Gadamer pursued the tradition of German philosophy in the 20th century. A number of German intellectuals were also influential in sociology, most notably Adorno, Habermas, Horkheimer, Luhmann, Simmel, Tönnies, and Weber. The University of Berlin founded in 1810 by linguist and philosopher Wilhelm von Humboldt served as an influential model for a number of modern western universities.

qas: question: Who discovered X-Rays?
answers: text: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

question: Who won the first Nobel Prize in Physics?
answers: text: Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen

question: In what year, was the first Nobel Prize in Physics won?
answers: text: 1901

question: Where is the Walhalla temple located?
answers: text: Bavaria

question: What two people were important to the creation of modern physics?
answers: text: David Hilbert and Max Planck

question: What did Werner Heisenberg lay the foundation for?

question: Who further developed Heisenberg's work?

question: What prize was first given in the 19th century?

question: Who got a Nobel Prize in Physics in the 19th century for discovering the X-ray?
context: The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, an accomplishment that made him the first winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. The Walhalla temple for "laudable and distinguished Germans", features a number of scientists, and is located east of Regensburg, in Bavaria.

qas: question: From which country is Bach, Mozart and Beethoven from?
answers: text: Germany

question: In what tradition of music did Brahms Wagner and Hadyn achieve fame?
answers: text: Austro-German

question: Who marked the switch from classical to romantic eras in classical music?
answers: text: Beethoven

question: What composers marked the transition from the Romantic to the Classical eras?

question: Who are some famous Austrian composers
context: In the field of music, Germany claims some of the most renowned classical composers of the world including Bach, Mozart and Beethoven, who marked the transition between the Classical and Romantic eras in Western classical music. Other composers of the Austro-German tradition who achieved international fame include Brahms, Wagner, Haydn, Schubert, Händel, Schumann, Liszt, Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Johann Strauss II, Bruckner, Mahler, Telemann, Richard Strauss, Schoenberg, Orff, and most recently, Henze, Lachenmann, and Stockhausen.

qas: question: In 2008,, where was Germany ranked as a world music market?
answers: text: fourth largest

question: What type of music was pioneered in Germany?
answers: text: trance

question: What type of music does Kraftwerk make?
answers: text: electronic

question: What is the largest music festival in Germany?
answers: text: Rock am Ring

question: How many people does M'era Luna Festival attract?
answers: text: up to 30,000

question: What is the fourth largest music market in Europe?

question: What type of dance was pioneered in Germany?

question: What is the largest music festival in Europe?

question: Who pioneered Industrial music acts?
context: As of 2008[update], Germany is the fourth largest music market in the world and has exerted a strong influence on Dance and Rock music, and pioneered trance music. Artists such as Herbert Grönemeyer, Scorpions, Rammstein, Nena, Dieter Bohlen, Tokio Hotel and Modern Talking have enjoyed international fame. German musicians and, particularly, the pioneering bands Tangerine Dream and Kraftwerk have also contributed to the development of electronic music. Germany hosts many large rock music festivals annually. The Rock am Ring festival is the largest music festival in Germany, and among the largest in the world. German artists also make up a large percentage of Industrial music acts, which is called Neue Deutsche Härte. Germany hosts some of the largest Goth scenes and festivals in the entire world, with events like Wave-Gothic-Treffen and M'era Luna Festival easily attracting up to 30,000 people. Amongst Germany's famous artists there are various Dutch entertainers, such as Johannes Heesters.

qas: question: Who was the original German cinematic?
answers: text: Max Skladanowsky

question: What types of film were produced in the Nazi era?
answers: text: propaganda

question: Who controls film production in the GDR?
answers: text: Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft

question: When did German cinema come back internationally?
answers: text: 1960s

question: What was Max Skladanowsky active in during the Weimar Republic?

question: What did Murnau produce during the Nazi era?

question: What did Leni Riefenstahl do in the 1960's?

question: Who controlled film production in West-Germany?
context: German cinema dates back to the very early years of the medium with the work of Max Skladanowsky. It was particularly influential during the years of the Weimar Republic with German expressionists such as Robert Wiene and Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau. The Nazi era produced mostly propaganda films although the work of Leni Riefenstahl still introduced new aesthetics in film. From the 1960s, New German Cinema directors such as Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, Rainer Werner Fassbinder placed West-German cinema back onto the international stage with their often provocative films, while the Deutsche Film-Aktiengesellschaft controlled film production in the GDR.

qas: question: In what year was the never ending story made?
answers: text: 1984

question: What award did Nowhere in Africa win in 2002?
answers: text: Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

question: In what year did The Lives of Others win the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language?
answers: text: 2007

question: How often is the Berlin International Film Festival held?
answers: text: yearly

question: What was the first year of the Berlin International Film Festival?
answers: text: 1951

question: What did Carolina Link get an Acadamy award for in the 20th century?

question: What film festival was held yearly until 1951?
context: More recently, films such as Das Boot (1981), The Never Ending Story (1984) Run Lola Run (1998), Das Experiment (2001), Good Bye Lenin! (2003), Gegen die Wand (Head-on) (2004) and Der Untergang (Downfall) (2004) have enjoyed international success. In 2002 the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film went to Caroline Link's Nowhere in Africa, in 2007 to Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck's The Lives of Others. The Berlin International Film Festival, held yearly since 1951, is one of the world's foremost film and cinema festivals.

qas: question: In what year did Martin Luther challenge the Catholic Church?
answers: text: 1517

question: During what years was the thirty year war?
answers: text: 1618–1648

question: Until the Reformation, what was the established religion in Germany?
answers: text: Roman Catholicism

question: Where was the thirty year war primarily fought?
answers: text: Germany

question: Who was the thirty year war between?
answers: text: Protestants and Catholics

question: What was the sole religion in Europe until the reformation?

question: Who challenged the Catholic Church in the 15th century?

question: Who established Protestantism in the 15th century?

question: What religious war was fought in the 16th century?
context: Roman Catholicism was the sole established religion in the Holy Roman Empire until the Reformation changed this drastically. In 1517, Martin Luther challenged the Catholic Church as he saw it as a corruption of Christian faith. Through this, he altered the course of European and world history and established Protestantism. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) was one of the most destructive conflicts in European history. The war was fought primarily in what is now Germany, and at various points involved most of the countries of Europe. The war was fought largely as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire.

qas: question: What percentage of Germans are Roman Catholic?
answers: text: 30.8

question: What percentage of Germans are Evangelical Protestants?
answers: text: 30.3

question: What religion is the North and East part of Germany?
answers: text: Protestant

question: Where is there a non-religious majority?
answers: text: Hamburg and the East German states

question: What religion makes up 30.8% of Europe's population?

question: Where is 38.8% of the population atheists?

question: What German city is predominately Catholic?
context: According to the latest nationwide census, Roman Catholics constituted 30.8% of the total population of Germany, followed by the Evangelical Protestants at 30.3%. Other religions, atheists or not specified constituted 38.8% of the population at the time. Among "others" are Protestants not included in Evangelical Church of Germany, and other Christians such as the Restorationist New Apostolic Church. Protestantism was more common among the citizens of Germany. The North and East Germany is predominantly Protestant, the South and West rather Catholic. Nowadays there is a non-religious majority in Hamburg and the East German states.

qas: question: How many Germans are members of sports clubs?
answers: text: 27 million

question: What is the most popular sport in Germany?
answers: text: Football

question: What is the largest athletic organisation in the country?
answers: text: German Football Federation

question: How many members are in the German Football Federation?
answers: text: 6.3 million

question: What kind of clubs do 12 million Germans belong to?

question: What Federation has 6.3 thousand members?

question: What has thousands of television spectators?
context: Sport forms an integral part of German life, as demonstrated by the fact that 27 million Germans are members of a sports club and an additional twelve million pursue such an activity individually. Football is by far the most popular sport, and the German Football Federation (Deutscher Fußballbund) with more than 6.3 million members is the largest athletic organisation in the country. It also attracts the greatest audience, with hundreds of thousands of spectators attending Bundesliga matches and millions more watching on television.

qas: question: What year was the turning point for Germany in the Nation Brands Index?
answers: text: 2006

question: What year did BBC reveal that Germany is the most positive influence in the world?
answers: text: 2010

question: what percentage have a negative view of Germany?
answers: text: 14%

question: What percentage of people have a positive view of Germany?
answers: text: 59

question: What index ranked Germany high before the 2006 FIFA World Cup?

question: In what year was Germany ranked the most valued nation?

question: In what year ws Germany recognized as the most influential country in the world?

question: Who's global opinion poll showed 14% of people having a positive opinion of Germany?
context: Since the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the internal and external evaluation of Germany's national image has changed. In the annual Nation Brands Index global survey, Germany became significantly and repeatedly more highly ranked after the tournament. People in 20 different states assessed the country's reputation in terms of culture, politics, exports, its people and its attractiveness to tourists, immigrants and investments. Germany has been named the world's second most valued nation among 50 countries in 2010. Another global opinion poll, for the BBC, revealed that Germany is recognised for the most positive influence in the world in 2010. A majority of 59% have a positive view of the country, while 14% have a negative view.

qas: question: In what century did the Pan-Germanisms origins begin?
answers: text: 19th

question: What movement came out of the French Revolution?
answers: text: Nationalism

question: Who was threatened by Nationalism?
answers: text: aristocratic regimes

question: Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century?
answers: text: Romanovs and the Habsburgs

question: Where was Johann Tillmann from?
answers: text: East Prussia

question: What wars took place in the 1900's?

question: What movement began in Germany in the 1900's?

question: What people had been united since the Reformation?

question: What German wanted to unite all the ethnic-German people?
context: Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divided for centuries, ruled over by the old Monarchies of the Romanovs and the Habsburgs. Germans, for the most part, had been a loose and disunited people since the Reformation when the Holy Roman Empire was shattered into a patchwork of states. The new German nationalists, mostly young reformers such as Johann Tillmann of East Prussia, sought to unite all the German-speaking and ethnic-German (Volksdeutsche) people.

qas: question: Who were the two most powerful nations in the 1860's?
answers: text: Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire

question: When was the German Empire created?
answers: text: 1871

question: Who was Wilhelm I?
answers: text: head of a union of German-speaking states

question: What were Prussia and Austria looking to expand?
answers: text: influence and territory

question: Which empire was a multi ethnic state?
answers: text: The Austrian Empire

question: What powerful nations were dominated by elite Germans in the 18th century?

question: What other Empire besides Prussia was a multi-ethnic state?

question: What Empire was the result of a growing German nationalism?

question: What empire was created in the late 18th century?
context: By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute numerical majority; the creation of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was one result of the growing nationalism of other ethnicities especially the Hungarians. Prussia under Otto von Bismarck would ride on the coat-tails of nationalism to unite all of modern-day Germany. The German Empire ("Second Reich") was created in 1871 following the proclamation of Wilhelm I as head of a union of German-speaking states, while disregarding millions of its non-German subjects who desired self-determination from German rule.

qas: question: What greatly reduced the size of Germany after WWI?
answers: text: treaty of Versailles

question: Who was relocated during the second world war from the Soviet Union?
answers: text: Volga Germans

question: What name did Rump-Austria adopt?
answers: text: German-Austria

question: What is the German translation for German-Austria?
answers: text: Deutschösterreich

question: Who's influence increased after World War I?

question: What treaty increased Germanium size?

question: During what war did Germans relocate to the Soviet Union?

question: What country was split among language groups?
context: Following the defeat in World War I, influence of German-speaking elites over Central and Eastern Europe was greatly limited. At the treaty of Versailles Germany was substantially reduced in size. Austria-Hungary was split up. Rump-Austria, which to a certain extent corresponded to the German-speaking areas of Austria-Hungary (a complete split into language groups was impossible due to multi-lingual areas and language-exclaves) adopted the name "German-Austria" (German: Deutschösterreich). The name German-Austria was forbidden by the victorious powers of World War I. Volga Germans living in the Soviet Union were interned in gulags or forcibly relocated during the Second World War.

qas: question: What percentage of 14 year olds said they were proud to be German in 2009?
answers: text: 60

question: What percentage of 14 year olds in 2009 said they would choose German for their nationality if they got to choose?
answers: text: 78

question: Where does Eugen Buss work?
answers: text: University of Hohenheim

question: What war was followed by an increase in national symbols?

question: Among who is patriotism declining?

question: What sentiment do 78% of Germans agree with?

question: Who says Germans are still afraid to be openly proud of their country?
context: For decades after the Second World War, any national symbol or expression was a taboo. However, the Germans are becoming increasingly patriotic. During a study in 2009, in which some 2,000 German citizens age 14 and upwards filled out a questionnaire, nearly 60% of those surveyed agreed with the sentiment "I'm proud to be German." And 78%, if free to choose their nation, would opt for German nationality with "near or absolute certainty". Another study in 2009, carried out by the Identity Foundation in Düsseldorf, showed that 73% of the Germans were proud of their country, twice more than 8 years earlier. According to Eugen Buss, a sociology professor at the University of Hohenheim, there's an ongoing normalisation and more and more Germans are becoming openly proud of their country.

qas: question: Who was Poland's foreign minister in 2011?
answers: text: Radek Sikorski

question: What are Germans trying to forget?
answers: text: Nazi past

question: What are Germans trying to focus on?
answers: text: Prussian history

question: Who is Europe's strongest economy?
answers: text: Germany

question: What Polish foreign minister said he feared German power?

question: What is Germany trying to remember?

question: What war do many Germans still remember?

question: Who says What is good for Germany is bad for the EU?
context: In the midst of the European sovereign-debt crisis, Radek Sikorski, Poland's Foreign Minister, stated in November 2011, "I will probably be the first Polish foreign minister in history to say so, but here it is: I fear German power less than I am beginning to fear German inactivity. You have become Europe's indispensable nation." According to Jacob Heilbrunn, a senior editor at The National Interest, such a statement is unprecedented when taking into consideration Germany's history. "This was an extraordinary statement from a top official of a nation that was ravaged by Germany during World War II. And it reflects a profound shift taking place throughout Germany and Europe about Berlin's position at the center of the Continent." Heilbrunn believes that the adage, "what was good for Germany was bad for the European Union" has been supplanted by a new mentality—what is in the interest of Germany is also in the interest of its neighbors. The evolution in Germany's national identity stems from focusing less on its Nazi past and more on its Prussian history, which many Germans believe was betrayed—and not represented—by Nazism. The evolution is further precipitated by Germany's conspicuous position as Europe's strongest economy. Indeed, this German sphere of influence has been welcomed by the countries that border it, as demonstrated by Polish foreign minister Radek Sikorski's effusive praise for his country's western neighbor. This shift in thinking is boosted by a newer generation of Germans who see World War II as a distant memory.