Charleston,_South_Carolina

qas: question: What is the oldest city in South Carolina?
answers: text: Charleston

question: What county is Charleston, South Carolina located in?
answers: text: Charleston County

question: Charleston is located on what harbor?
answers: text: Charleston Harbor

question: Charleston Harbor is an inlet of what ocean?
answers: text: Atlantic Ocean

question: What river mergers with the Cooper River to form Charleston Harbor?
answers: text: Ashley Rivers

question: What county is Charleston located in?
answers: text: Charleston County

question: Charleston Harbor is formed on what ocean?
answers: text: Atlantic Ocean

question: What river merges with the Ashley River to from the Charleston Harbor?
answers: text: Cooper Rivers

question: What is the newest city in South Carolina?

question: What county is Charleston, North Carolina located in?

question: Charleston isn't located on what harbor?

question: Charleston Harbor is an outlet of what ocean?

question: What river mergers with the Cooper River to form Charleston Bay?
context: Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is located on Charleston Harbor, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean formed by the confluence of the Ashley and Cooper Rivers, or, as is locally expressed, "where the Cooper and Ashley Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean."

qas: question: What year was Charleston founded?
answers: text: 1670

question: What was Charleston's original name?
answers: text: Charles Town

question: Charles Town was named after which king?
answers: text: King Charles II of England

question: Where was the city originally located?
answers: text: Albemarle Point

question: What was Charleston's population in 2010?
answers: text: 120,083

question: What year was Charleston originally founded?
answers: text: 1670

question: What was the originally name of Charleston?
answers: text: Charles Town

question: Who was Charles Town named after?
answers: text: King Charles II of England

question: How many people lived in Charleston in 2010?
answers: text: 120,083

question: Where was Charleston's first location?
answers: text: Albemarle Point

question: What year wasn't Charleston founded?

question: What was Charleston's unoriginal name?

question: Charles Town was named after which queen?

question: Where wasn't the city originally located?

question: What was Charleston's population in 2012?
context: Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, and it remained among the 10 largest cities in the United States through the 1840 census. With a 2010 census population of 120,083  (and a 2014 estimate of 130,113), current trends put Charleston as the fastest-growing municipality in South Carolina. The population of the Charleston metropolitan area, comprising Berkeley, Charleston, and Dorchester Counties, was counted by the 2014 estimate at 727,689 – the third-largest in the state – and the 78th-largest metropolitan statistical area in the United States.

qas: question: How large is Charleston, South Carolina?
answers: text: 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2)

question: Which city blocks Charleston for expanding up the peninsula? 
answers: text: North Charleston

question: How much of Charleston is covered by water?
answers: text: 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2)

question: How of Charleston's total area is dry land?
answers: text: 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2)

question: What town occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River?
answers: text: Mount Pleasant

question: How small is Charleston, South Carolina?

question: Which city blocks Charleston for expanding down the peninsula? 

question: How much of Charleston isn't covered by water?

question: How of Charleston's total area isn't dry land?

question: What town occupies the land directly west of the Cooper River?
context: According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 127.5 square miles (330.2 km2), of which 109.0 square miles (282.2 km2) is land and 18.5 square miles (47.9 km2) is covered by water. The old city is located on a peninsula at the point where, as Charlestonians say, "The Ashley and the Cooper Rivers come together to form the Atlantic Ocean." The entire peninsula is very low, some is landfill material, and as such, frequently floods during heavy rains, storm surges, and unusually high tides. The city limits have expanded across the Ashley River from the peninsula, encompassing the majority of West Ashley as well as James Island and some of Johns Island. The city limits also have expanded across the Cooper River, encompassing Daniel Island and the Cainhoy area. North Charleston blocks any expansion up the peninsula, and Mount Pleasant occupies the land directly east of the Cooper River.

qas: question: What season is the wettest in Charleston?
answers: text: Summer

question: In what form does half of Charleston's annual rainfall occur?
answers: text: thundershowers

question: What season is characterized as short in Charleston?
answers: text: Winter

question: What is Charleston's seasonal record of snowfall?
answers: text: 8.0 in (20 cm)

question: What season is considered short in Charleston?
answers: text: Winter

question: What is the wettest season in Charleston?
answers: text: Summer

question: Half of Charleston's annual rainfall occurs in what form?
answers: text: thundershowers

question: How much snow did Charleston's Airport recieve on December, 23 1989?
answers: text: 6.0 in (15 cm

question: What season is the dryest in Charleston?

question: In what form does all of Charleston's annual rainfall occur?

question: What season is characterized as long in Charleston?

question: What is Charleston's seasonal record of windfall?

question: How much snow did Charleston's Airport recieve on December, 23 1998?
context: Charleston has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cfa), with mild winters, hot, humid summers, and significant rainfall all year long. Summer is the wettest season; almost half of the annual rainfall occurs from June to September in the form of thundershowers. Fall remains relatively warm through November. Winter is short and mild, and is characterized by occasional rain. Measurable snow (≥0.1 in or 0.25 cm) only occurs several times per decade at the most, with the last such event occurring December 26, 2010. However, 6.0 in (15 cm) fell at the airport on December 23, 1989, the largest single-day fall on record, contributing to a single-storm and seasonal record of 8.0 in (20 cm) snowfall.

qas: question: What is hottest temperature recorded with Charleston's city limits?
answers: text: 104 °F

question: What type of storm is a major threat to Charleston in the summer and early fall?
answers: text: Hurricanes

question: What hurricane hit Charleston in 1989?
answers: text: Hurricane Hugo

question: What was the lowest temperature ever recorded Charleston's city limit?
answers: text: 7 °F (−14 °C)

question: What day did Charleston's airport hit the coldest day on record?
answers: text: January 21, 1985

question: What is coldest temperature recorded with Charleston's city limits?

question: What type of storm is a minor threat to Charleston in the summer and early fall?

question: What hurricane hit Charleston in 1998?

question: What was the highest temperature ever recorded Charleston's city limit?

question: What day did Charleston's airport hit the warmest day on record?
context: The highest temperature recorded within city limits was 104 °F (40 °C), on June 2, 1985, and June 24, 1944, and the lowest was 7 °F (−14 °C) on February 14, 1899, although at the airport, where official records are kept, the historical range is 105 °F (41 °C) on August 1, 1999 down to 6 °F (−14 °C) on January 21, 1985. Hurricanes are a major threat to the area during the summer and early fall, with several severe hurricanes hitting the area – most notably Hurricane Hugo on September 21, 1989 (a category 4 storm). Dewpoint in the summer ranges from 67.8 to 71.4 °F (20 to 22 °C).

qas: question: How many people lived in the Charleston=North Charleston Urban Area in 2010?
answers: text: 548,404

question: What is the third largest city in South Carolina?
answers: text: North Charleston

question: How many people lived in Moncks Corner in 2000?
answers: text: 9,123

question: Charleston and Berkeley is combined with what other county to form a metropolitan statistical area?
answers: text: Dorchester

question: In which county is Moncks Corner located?
answers: text: Berkeley County

question: How many people lived in the Charleston=North Charleston Urban Area in 2012?

question: What is the third largest city in North Carolina?

question: How many people lived in Moncks Corner in 2010?

question: Charleston and Berkeley isn't combined with what other county to form a metropolitan statistical area?

question: In which county is Moncks Corner not located?
context: The Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area consists of three counties: Charleston, Berkeley, and Dorchester. As of the 2013 U.S. Census, the metropolitan statistical area had a total population of 712,239 people. North Charleston is the second-largest city in the Charleston-North Charleston-Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area and ranks as the third-largest city in the state; Mount Pleasant and Summerville are the next-largest cities. These cities combined with other incorporated and unincorporated areas along with the city of Charleston form the Charleston-North Charleston Urban Area with a population of 548,404 as of 2010. The metropolitan statistical area also includes a separate and much smaller urban area within Berkeley County, Moncks Corner (with a 2000 population of 9,123).

qas: question: What era brought counties to South Carolina?
answers: text: Reconstruction Era

question: Counties replaced what system in South Carolina?
answers: text: traditional parish system

question: What is the main use of the parish system nowadays?
answers: text: public service districts

question: The city of Charleston is defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Michael and what other parish?
answers: text: Parish of St. Philip

question: What other parish besides St. John's Parish is  mostly an incorporated rural parish? 
answers: text: St. Andrew's Parish

question: What era brought counties to North Carolina?

question: Counties replaced what system in North Carolina?

question: What isn't the main use of the parish system nowadays?

question: The city of Charleston isn't defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Michael and what other parish?

question: What other parish besides St. John's Parish is mostly an incorporated urban parish? 
context: The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip and St. Michael, now also includes parts of St. James' Parish, St. George's Parish, St. Andrew's Parish, and St. John's Parish, although the last two are mostly still incorporated rural parishes.

qas: question: What year was Charles Town founded?
answers: text: 1670

question: How long did it take to establish settlement expeditions for the Province of Carolina?
answers: text: seven years

question: What was the plan to settle and develop the Province of Carolina?
answers: text: the Grand Model

question: Who prepared the plan known as "the Grand Model"?
answers: text: John Locke

question: When was Charles II of England restored to the throne?
answers: text: 1660

question: What year was Charles Town abandoned?

question: How long did it take to establish settlement expeditions for the Province of South Carolina?

question: Who rejected the plan known as "the Grand Model"?

question: What was the plan to settle and develop the State of Carolina?

question: When was Charles I of England restored to the throne?
context: After Charles II of England (1630–1685) was restored to the English throne in 1660 following Oliver Cromwell's Protectorate, he granted the chartered Province of Carolina to eight of his loyal friends, known as the Lords Proprietors, on March 24, 1663. It took seven years before the group arranged for settlement expeditions. The first of these founded Charles Town, in 1670. Governance, settlement, and development were to follow a visionary plan known as the Grand Model prepared for the Lords Proprietors by John Locke.

qas: question: Where did Charleston's original settlers come from?
answers: text: Bermuda

question: Bermuda is located near which North Carolina town?
answers: text: Cape Hatteras

question: Who was the first governor of Charleston?
answers: text: William Sayle

question: Who predicted Charleston would become a 'great port towne'?
answers: text: Earl of Shaftesbury

question: The settlement was relocated east to what river?
answers: text: Ashley River

question: Where did Charleston's original settlers not come from?

question: Bermuda is located near which South Carolina town?

question: Who was the last governor of Charleston?

question: Who predicted Charleston would become a 'weak port towne'?

question: The settlement was relocated west to what river?
context: The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-day city center. It was soon predicted by the Earl of Shaftesbury, one of the Lords Proprietors, to become a "great port towne", a destiny the city quickly fulfilled. In 1680, the settlement was moved east of the Ashley River to the peninsula between the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. Not only was this location more defensible, but it also offered access to a fine natural harbor.

qas: question: What religious group was not allowed to settle in South Carolina?
answers: text: Catholics

question: About what year did Charleston cease to have the wealthiest Jewish community in America?
answers: text: 1830

question: What European country did many of the first Charleston settlers come from?
answers: text: England

question: After what war did the state ban on Catholics end?
answers: text: American Revolution

question: Along with Bermuda, what other English colony did many settlers come from?
answers: text: Barbados

question: What religious group was allowed to settle in South Carolina?

question: About what year did Charleston begin to have the wealthiest Jewish community in America?

question: What European country did few of the first Charleston settlers come from?

question: After what war did the state ban on Catholics begin?

question: Along with Bermuda, what other English colony did few settlers come from?
context: The first settlers primarily came from England, its Caribbean colony of Barbados, and its Atlantic colony of Bermuda. Among these were free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders, when color lines were looser among the working class in the early colonial years, and some wealthy whites took black consorts or concubines. Charles Town attracted a mixture of ethnic and religious groups. French, Scottish, Irish, and Germans migrated to the developing seacoast town, representing numerous Protestant denominations. Because of the battles between English "royalty" and the Roman Catholic Church, practicing Catholics were not allowed to settle in South Carolina until after the American Revolution. Jews were allowed, and Sephardic Jews migrated to the city in such numbers that by the beginning of the 19th century, the city was home to the largest and wealthiest Jewish community in North America—a status it held until about 1830.

qas: question: Which country along with France contested England's claim to the Charleston region?
answers: text: Spain

question: Which group raided the settlement as a means to protect themselves from settlers?
answers: text: Native Americans

question: Whose 1704 plan was used to fortified the city?
answers: text: Governor Johnson

question: The majority of the fort walls were removed in what decade?
answers: text: 1720s

question: Beside European nations and Native Americans, who else attacked the Charleston settlement?
answers: text: pirates

question: Which country along with France accepted England's claim to the Charleston region?

question: Which group raided the settlement as a means to protect themselves from police?

question: Whose 1740 plan was used to fortified the city?

question: The minority of the fort walls were removed in what decade?

question: Beside European nations and Native Americans, who else protected the Charleston settlement?
context: The early settlement was often subject to attack from sea and land, including periodic assaults from Spain and France (both of whom contested England's claims to the region), and pirates. These were combined with raids by Native Americans, who tried to protect themselves from so-called European "settlers," who in turn wanted to expand the settlement. The heart of the city was fortified according to a 1704 plan by Governor Johnson. Except those fronting Cooper River, the walls were largely removed during the 1720s.

qas: question: What author paid for the simple bench at Sullivan's Island?
answers: text: Toni Morrison

question: What percentage of those sold as slaves in North America landed at Sullivan's Island?
answers: text: 40%

question: What stage of the slave trade provided slaves to Charles Town?
answers: text: Middle Passage

question: What peoples were brought to Charles Town to be slaves?
answers: text: Africans

question: Which African coast did many slaves that were sold in Charles Town come from?
answers: text: Windward Coast

question: What author stole the simple bench at Sullivan's Island?

question: What percentage of those sold as slaves in South America landed at Sullivan's Island?

question: What stage of the slave trade stole slaves from Charles Town?

question: What peoples weren't brought to Charles Town to be slaves?

question: Which African coast did no slaves that were sold in Charles Town come from?
context: Africans were brought to Charles Town on the Middle Passage, first as "servants", then as slaves. Ethnic groups transported here included especially Wolof, Yoruba, Fulani, Igbo, Malinke, and other people of the Windward Coast. An estimated 40% of the total 400,000 Africans transported and sold as slaves into North America are estimated to have landed at Sullivan's Island, just off the port of Charles Town; it is described as a "hellish Ellis Island of sorts .... Today nothing commemorates that ugly fact but a simple bench, established by the author Toni Morrison using private funds."

qas: question: African slaves had great knowledge of the cultivation of what product?
answers: text: rice

question: Which nation subsidized indigo crops from the Lowcountry?
answers: text: Britain

question: By what year was indigo was a leading export for the Lowcountry?
answers: text: 1750

question: By what year was rice a successful commodity crop for the Lowcountry?
answers: text: 1700

question: What products were exported along with indigo from the Lowcountry?
answers: text: naval stores

question: African slaves had no knowledge of the cultivation of what product?

question: Which nation subsidized indigo crops from the Highcountry?

question: By what year was indigo was a low export for the Lowcountry?

question: By what year was rice an unsuccessful commodity crop for the Lowcountry?

question: What products were imported along with indigo from the Lowcountry?
context: Colonial Lowcountry landowners experimented with cash crops ranging from tea to silkworms. African slaves brought knowledge of rice cultivation, which plantation owners cultivated and developed as a successful commodity crop by 1700. With the coerced help of African slaves from the Caribbean, Eliza Lucas, daughter of plantation owner George Lucas, learned how to raise and use indigo in the Lowcountry in 1747. Supported with subsidies from Britain, indigo was a leading export by 1750. Those and naval stores were exported in an extremely profitable shipping industry.

qas: question: What lucrative trade contributed greatly to Charles Town's growth?
answers: text: slave trade

question: When did Charles Town become the fourth largest colonial port?
answers: text: 1770

question: Who made up the majority of Charles Town population in 1708?
answers: text: slaves

question: People of African descent were the majority in Charleston until what mass movement?
answers: text: the Great Migration

question: When did the Great Migration occur?
answers: text: the early 20th century

question: What unlucrative trade contributed greatly to Charles Town's growth?

question: When did Charles Town become the fifth largest colonial port?

question: Who made up the majority of Charles Town population in 1780?

question: People of African descent were the minority in Charleston until what mass movement?

question: When didn't the Great Migration occur?
context: By the mid-18th century, Charles Town had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies. Charles Towne was also the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia, in part because of the lucrative slave trade. By 1770, it was the fourth-largest port in the colonies, after Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, with a population of 11,000—slightly more than half of them slaves. By 1708, the majority of the colony's population was slaves, and the future state would continue to be a majority of African descent until after the Great Migration of the early 20th century.

qas: question: What other Native American nation supplied Charles Town with deer hides other than the Cherokee nation?
answers: text: Creek nations

question: What is the  estimation of deer slaughtered in Charles Town from 1739 to 1761?
answers: text: 500,000 to 1,250,000

question: Records indicate how many pounds of deer skins were exported from Charles Town during the height of its deerskin trade?
answers: text: 5,239,350

question: What trade was the basis of Charles Town's original economy?
answers: text: the deerskin trade

question: What was the average amount of deer skins  that Charles Town exported to Europe between 1699 to 1715? 
answers: text: 54,000

question: What other North American nation supplied Charles Town with deer hides other than the Cherokee nation?

question: What is the estimation of deer slaughtered in Charles Town from 1739 to 1861?

question: Records indicate how many pounds of deer skins were imported from Charles Town during the height of its deerskin trade?

question: What trade wasn't the basis of Charles Town's original economy?

question: What was the average amount of deer skins that Charles Town exported to Europe between 1699 to 1815? 
context: Charles Town was a hub of the deerskin trade, the basis of its early economy. Trade alliances with the Cherokee and Creek nations insured a steady supply of deer hides. Between 1699 and 1715, colonists exported an average of 54,000 deer skins annually to Europe through Charles Town. Between 1739 and 1761, the height of the deerskin trade era, an estimated 500,000 to 1,250,000 deer were slaughtered. During the same period, Charles Town records show an export of 5,239,350 pounds of deer skins. Deer skins were used in the production of men's fashionable and practical buckskin pantaloons, gloves, and book bindings.

qas: question: What is the oldest college in South Carolina?
answers: text: College of Charles Towne

question: Charleston supported the College of Charles Towne until what year?
answers: text: 1970

question: What year was the Charles Towne Library Society established?
answers: text: 1748

question: When was the College of Charles Towe founded?
answers: text: 1770

question: What is located where the first theatre building in Charles Town once stood?
answers: text: Dock Street Theatre

question: What is the newest college in South Carolina?

question: Charleston never supported the College of Charles Towne until what year?

question: What year was the Charles Towne Library Society unestablished?

question: When was the College of Charles Towe unfounded?

question: What is located where the last theatre building in Charles Town once stood?
context: As Charles Town grew, so did the community's cultural and social opportunities, especially for the elite merchants and planters. The first theatre building in America was built in 1736 on the site of today's Dock Street Theatre. Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups, from French Huguenots to free people of color to Germans to Jews. The Charles Towne Library Society was established in 1748 by well-born young men who wanted to share the financial cost to keep up with the scientific and philosophical issues of the day. This group also helped establish the College of Charles Towne in 1770, the oldest college in South Carolina. Until its transition to state ownership in 1970, this was the oldest municipally supported college in the United States.

qas: question: Which general tried to seize Charles Town during the American Revolution?
answers: text: General Sir Henry Clinton

question: When did General Clinton attack South Carolina?
answers: text: June 28, 1776

question: Who was the commander of the American forces defending South Carolina?
answers: text: Col. Moultrie

question: What was the British hoping to inspire by their attack on Charles Town?
answers: text: a simultaneous Loyalist uprising

question: Fort Sullivan was renamed  what after the battle?
answers: text: Fort Moultrie

question: Which general tried to seize Charles Town before the American Revolution?

question: When did General Clinton attack North Carolina?

question: Who was the commander of the American forces defending North Carolina?

question: What was the British hoping to inspire by their defense of Charles Town?
context: On June 28, 1776, General Sir Henry Clinton along with 2,000 men and a naval squadron tried to seize Charles Towne, hoping for a simultaneous Loyalist uprising in South Carolina. When the fleet fired cannonballs, they failed to penetrate Fort Sullivan's unfinished, yet thick, palmetto-log walls. No local Loyalists attacked the town from the mainland side, as the British had hoped they would do. Col. Moultrie's men returned fire and inflicted heavy damage on several of the British ships. The British were forced to withdraw their forces, and the Americans renamed the defensive installation as Fort Moultrie in honor of its commander.

qas: question: What was the greatest American defeat of the American Revolution?
answers: text: Siege of Charles Towne

question: How many soldiers did General Clinton return with?
answers: text: 14,000

question: In what year did General Clinton return to Charles Towne?
answers: text: 1780

question: Who was the leader of the American forces defending Charles Towne?
answers: text: General Benjamin Lincoln

question: How many soldiers did General Lincoln lead?
answers: text: 5,400

question: What was the worst American defeat of the American Revolution?

question: How many soldiers didb't General Clinton return with?

question: In what year didn't General Clinton return to Charles Towne?

question: Who was the leader of the American forces attacking Charles Towne?

question: How many soldiers didn't General Lincoln lead?
context: Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers. American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war. Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias, including those of Francis Marion, the "Swamp Fox"; and Andrew Pickens. The British retained control of the city until December 1782. After the British left, the city's name was officially changed to Charleston in 1783.

qas: question: What city became the state capital of South Carolina?
answers: text: Columbia

question: Charleston was the state capital of South Carolina until what year?
answers: text: 1786

question: In what year was the cotton gin invented?
answers: text: 1793

question: What became South Carolina's major export commodity after 1793?
answers: text: cotton

question: Who made up most of the primary labor force of cotton plantations? 
answers: text: Slaves

question: What city became the state capital of North Carolina?

question: Charleston was the state capital of North Carolina until what year?

question: In what year was the cotton gin rejected?

question: What became South Carolina's major export commodity after 1739?

question: Who made up little of the primary labor force of cotton plantations? 
context: Although the city lost the status of state capital to Columbia in 1786, Charleston became even more prosperous in the plantation-dominated economy of the post-Revolutionary years. The invention of the cotton gin in 1793 revolutionized the processing of this crop, making short-staple cotton profitable. It was more easily grown in the upland areas, and cotton quickly became South Carolina's major export commodity. The Piedmont region was developed into cotton plantations, to which the sea islands and Lowcountry were already devoted. Slaves were also the primary labor force within the city, working as domestics, artisans, market workers, and laborers.

qas: question: How many free people of color lived in Charleston in 1860?
answers: text: 3,785

question: What percentage of Charleston's population were free people of color?
answers: text: 8%

question: What percentage of Charleston's black population were free people of color?
answers: text: 18%

question: In what year was the Brown Fellowship Society created?
answers: text: 1790

question: In what year did the Brown Fellowship Society end?
answers: text: 1945

question: How many free people of color lived in Charleston in 1680?

question: What percentage of Charleston's population were slave people of color?

question: What percentage of Charleston's black population weren't free people of color?

question: In what year was the Brown Fellowship Society ended?

question: In what year did the Brown Fellowship Society start?
context: The city also had a large class of free people of color. By 1860, 3,785 free people of color were in Charleston, nearly 18% of the city's black population, and 8% of the total population. Free people of color were far more likely to be of mixed racial background than slaves. Many were educated, practiced skilled crafts, and some even owned substantial property, including slaves. In 1790, they established the Brown Fellowship Society for mutual aid, initially as a burial society. It continued until 1945.

qas: question: What was planned by Denmark Vesey?
answers: text: slave revolt

question: When was Vesey's plan for a slave revolt revealed?
answers: text: May 1822

question: How was Vesey executed in 1822?
answers: text: hanged

question: How many slaves were executed with Vesey? 
answers: text: five slaves

question: What revolution made whites fearful of retribution of slaves?
answers: text: Haitian Revolution

question: What wasn't planned by Denmark Vesey?

question: When wasn't Vesey's plan for a slave revolt revealed?

question: How was Vesey executed in 1820?

question: How many slaves were spared with Vesey? 

question: What revolution made blacks fearful of retribution of slaves?
context: By 1820, Charleston's population had grown to 23,000, maintaining its black (and mostly slave) majority. When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey, a free black, was revealed in May 1822, whites reacted with intense fear, as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the Haitian Revolution. Soon after, Vesey was tried and executed, hanged in early July with five slaves. Another 28 slaves were later hanged. Later, the state legislature passed laws requiring individual legislative approval for manumission (the freeing of a slave) and regulating activities of free blacks and slaves.

qas: question: How many African Americans lived in Charleston in 1860?
answers: text: 17,000

question: How many African American lived in Charleston in 1880?
answers: text: 27,000

question: Black left which religious denomination is great numbers after slavery?
answers: text: Southern Baptist Church

question: AME Zion Churches were first established in what part of America?
answers: text: the North

question: What  barred product ,along with dogs and guns ,  did the Freemen want after slavery ended?
answers: text: liquor

question: How many African Americans lived in Charleston in 1870?

question: How many African American lived in Charleston in 1890

question: Black left which religious denomination is low numbers after slavery?

question: AME Zion Churches were last established in what part of America?

question: What barred product ,along with dogs and guns , did the Freemen want after slavery began?
context: In Charleston, the African American population increased as freedmen moved from rural areas to the major city: from 17,000 in 1860 to over 27,000 in 1880. Historian Eric Foner noted that blacks were glad to be relieved of the many regulations of slavery and to operate outside of white surveillance. Among other changes, most blacks quickly left the Southern Baptist Church, setting up their own black Baptist congregations or joining new African Methodist Episcopal Church and AME Zion churches, both independent black denominations first established in the North. Freedmen "acquired dogs, guns, and liquor (all barred to them under slavery), and refused to yield the sidewalks to whites".

qas: question: What association founded the Avery Normal Institute?
answers: text: the American Missionary Association

question: What type of school was the Avery Normal Institute?
answers: text: free secondary school

question: Who attended the Avery Normal Institute?
answers: text: Charleston's African American population

question: What general supported the conversion of a US Arsenal into Porter Military Academy?
answers: text: William T. Sherman

question: Soldiers and boys helped by Porter Military Academy were affected by what?
answers: text: war

question: What association never founded the Avery Normal Institute?

question: What type of school wasn't the Avery Normal Institute?

question: Who never attended the Avery Normal Institute?

question: What general supported the conversion of a UN Arsenal into Porter Military Academy?

question: oldiers and boys helped by Porter Military Academy weren't affected by what?
context: Industries slowly brought the city and its inhabitants back to a renewed vitality and jobs attracted new residents. As the city's commerce improved, residents worked to restore or create community institutions. In 1865, the Avery Normal Institute was established by the American Missionary Association as the first free secondary school for Charleston's African American population. General William T. Sherman lent his support to the conversion of the United States Arsenal into the Porter Military Academy, an educational facility for former soldiers and boys left orphaned or destitute by the war. Porter Military Academy later joined with Gaud School and is now a university-preparatory school, Porter-Gaud School.

qas: question: What percentage of Charleston's population was black in 1875?
answers: text: 57%

question: What percentage of Charleston County's was black in 1875?
answers: text: 73%

question: In 1876, Charleston's Black Republicans fought against whom?
answers: text: white Democrats

question: The second riot of 1876 happened when?
answers: text: the day after the election in November

question: How many major riots between blacks and whites occurred in Charleston in 1876?
answers: text: two

question: What percentage of Charleston's population was black in 1857?

question: What percentage of Charleston County's was black in 1857?

question: In 1867, Charleston's Black Republicans fought against whom?

question: The second riot of 1867 happened when?

question: How many major riots between blacks and whites occurred in Charleston in 1867?
context: In 1875, blacks made up 57% of the city's population, and 73% of Charleston County. With leadership by members of the antebellum free black community, historian Melinda Meeks Hennessy described the community as "unique" in being able to defend themselves without provoking "massive white retaliation", as occurred in numerous other areas during Reconstruction. In the 1876 election cycle, two major riots between black Republicans and white Democrats occurred in the city, in September and the day after the election in November, as well as a violent incident in Cainhoy at an October joint discussion meeting.

qas: question: What were white Democratic paramilitary groups in Charleston known as?
answers: text: the Red Shirts

question: What granted Freeman were American citizenship?
answers: text: federal constitutional amendments.

question: The Cainhoy Incident occurred on what day?
answers: text: October 15

question: The violent 1876 incident that took place on King's street happened on what day?
answers: text: September 6

question: Who won the 1876 election as a result of voter intimidation?
answers: text: Wade Hampton

question: What weren't white Democratic paramilitary groups in Charleston known as?

question: What granted Freeman weren't American citizenship?

question: The Cainboy Incident occurred on what day?

question: The violent 1867 incident that took place on King's street happened on what day?

question: Who won the 1867 election as a result of voter intimidation?
context: Violent incidents occurred throughout the Piedmont of the state as white insurgents struggled to maintain white supremacy in the face of social changes after the war and granting of citizenship to freedmen by federal constitutional amendments. After former Confederates were allowed to vote again, election campaigns from 1872 on were marked by violent intimidation of blacks and Republicans by white Democratic paramilitary groups, known as the Red Shirts. Violent incidents took place in Charleston on King Street in September 6 and in nearby Cainhoy on October 15, both in association with political meetings before the 1876 election. The Cainhoy incident was the only one statewide in which more whites were killed than blacks. The Red Shirts were instrumental in suppressing the black Republican vote in some areas in 1876 and narrowly electing Wade Hampton as governor, and taking back control of the state legislature. Another riot occurred in Charleston the day after the election, when a prominent Republican leader was mistakenly reported killed.

qas: question: What nearly destroyed Charleston in 1886?
answers: text: an earthquake

question: What date was the Charleston earthquake of 1886?
answers: text: August 31, 1886

question: How many buildings were damaged by the 1886 earthquake in Charleston?
answers: text: 2,000 buildings

question: What was the cost of the damage of the 1886 earthquake to the city of Charleston?
answers: text: $6 million

question: What was the total value of all of Charleston's city buildings before the earthquake?
answers: text: $24 million

question: What nearly destroyed Charleston in 1868?

question: What date was the Charleston earthquake of 1868?

question: How many buildings were damaged by the 1868 earthquake in Charleston?

question: What was the cost of the damage of the 1868 earthquake to the city of Charleston?

question: What was the total value of some of Charleston's city buildings before the earthquake?
context: On August 31, 1886, Charleston was nearly destroyed by an earthquake. The shock was estimated to have a moment magnitude of 7.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). It was felt as far away as Boston to the north, Chicago and Milwaukee to the northwest, as far west as New Orleans, as far south as Cuba, and as far east as Bermuda. It damaged 2,000 buildings in Charleston and caused $6 million worth of damage ($133 million in 2006 dollars), at a time when all the city's buildings were valued around $24 million ($531 million in 2006 dollars).

qas: question: Which party dominated South Carolina's state legislature?
answers: text: Democrat

question: What year was a new constitution passed that discriminated against blacks were passed?
answers: text: 1896

question: The William Enston Home was built in what year?
answers: text: 1889.

question: Blacks were the majority in South Carolina until what year?
answers: text: 1930

question: A large post office and courthouse was built in what year?
answers: text: 1896

question: Which party dominated North Carolina's state legislature?

question: What year was a new constitution passed that discriminated against whites were passed?

question: The William Enston Home was destroyed in what year?

question: Blacks were the minority in South Carolina until what year?

question: A small post office and courthouse was built in what year?
context: Investment in the city continued. The William Enston Home, a planned community for the city's aged and infirm, was built in 1889. An elaborate public building, the United States Post Office and Courthouse, was completed by the federal government in 1896 in the heart of the city. The Democrat-dominated state legislature passed a new constitution in 1895 that disfranchised blacks, effectively excluding them entirely from the political process, a second-class status that was maintained for more than six decades in a state that was majority black until about 1930.

qas: question: On what day were nine people killed in the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church?
answers: text: June 17, 2015

question: What was the name of 21 year old that killed nine church members in Charleston, South Carolina?
answers: text: Dylann Roof

question: Clementa Pinckney served what public office for the state of South Carolina?
answers: text: state senator

question: On what day was the Confederate flag removed from South Carolina State House?
answers: text: July 10, 2015

question: A memorial service for the nine victims was held on which college's campus?
answers: text: College of Charleston

question: On what day were six people killed in the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church?

question: What was the name of 22 year old that killed nine church members in Charleston, South Carolina?

question: Clementa Pinckney served what public office for the state of North Carolina?

question: On what day was the Confederate flag added from South Carolina State House?

question: A memorial service for the six victims was held on which college's campus?
context: On June 17, 2015, 21-year-old Dylann Roof entered the historic Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church during a Bible study and killed nine people. Senior pastor Clementa Pinckney, who also served as a state senator, was among those killed during the attack. The deceased also included congregation members Susie Jackson, 87; Rev. Daniel Simmons Sr., 74; Ethel Lance, 70; Myra Thompson, 59; Cynthia Hurd, 54; Rev. Depayne Middleton-Doctor, 49; Rev. Sharonda Coleman-Singleton, 45; and Tywanza Sanders, 26. The attack garnered national attention, and sparked a debate on historical racism, Confederate symbolism in Southern states, and gun violence. On July 10, 2015, the Confederate battle flag was removed from the South Carolina State House. A memorial service on the campus of the College of Charleston was attended by President Barack Obama, Michelle Obama, Vice President Joe Biden, Jill Biden, and Speaker of the House John Boehner.

qas: question: What season is Spoleto Festival USA held?
answers: text: spring

question: What year was Spoleto Festival USA founded?
answers: text: 1977

question: What  the profession of Gian Carlo Menotti?
answers: text: composer

question: Spoleto Festival USA is a counterpart to what Italian festival?
answers: text: Festival dei Due Mondi

question: What major award did Gian Carlo Menotti win?
answers: text: Pulitzer Prize

question: What season isn't Spoleto Festival USA held?

question: What year was Spoleto Festival UK founded?

question: Spoleto Festival Uk is a counterpart to what Italian festival?

question: What minor award did Gian Carlo Menotti win?
context: Charleston is known for its unique culture, which blends traditional Southern U.S., English, French, and West African elements. The downtown peninsula has gained a reputation for its art, music, local cuisine, and fashion. Spoleto Festival USA, held annually in late spring, has become one of the world's major performing arts festivals. It was founded in 1977 by Pulitzer Prize-winning composer Gian Carlo Menotti, who sought to establish a counterpart to the Festival dei Due Mondi (the Festival of Two Worlds) in Spoleto, Italy.

qas: question: What is Charleston's oldest community theater group?
answers: text: the Footlight Players

question: The Footlight Players  started creating theatrical productions in what year?
answers: text: 1931

question: Where is the  annual Charleston Fashion week held?
answers: text: Marion Square

question: Charleston is known for what type of food?
answers: text: seafood

question: Charleston cuisine is influenced by what two cultures?
answers: text: British and French

question: What is Charleston's newest community theater group?

question: The Footlight Players stopped creating theatrical productions in what year?

question: Where is the annual Charleston Fashion month held?

question: Charleston is unknown for what type of food?

question: Charleston cuisine is uninfluenced by what two cultures?
context: Charleston's oldest community theater group, the Footlight Players, has provided theatrical productions since 1931. A variety of performing arts venues includes the historic Dock Street Theatre. The annual Charleston Fashion Week held each spring in Marion Square brings in designers, journalists, and clients from across the nation. Charleston is known for its local seafood, which plays a key role in the city's renowned cuisine, comprising staple dishes such as gumbo, she-crab soup, fried oysters, Lowcountry boil, deviled crab cakes, red rice, and shrimp and grits. Rice is the staple in many dishes, reflecting the rice culture of the Low Country. The cuisine in Charleston is also strongly influenced by British and French elements.

qas: question: "Charleston's Provincialisms" was published in what year?
answers: text: 1887

question: Who was the author of the work entitled, "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms"?
answers: text: Sylvester Primer

question: To which college did Sylvester Primer belong?
answers: text: College of Charleston

question: To which two early cultures are the unique characteristics of Charleston's accent attributed to?
answers: text: French Huguenots and Sephardic Jews

question: What type of journal were Primer's work on Charleston's accent published?
answers: text: German journal

question: "Charleston's Provincialisms" wasn't published in what year?

question: Who wasn't the author of the work entitled, "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms"?

question: To which college didn't Sylvester Primer belong?

question: To which three early cultures are the unique characteristics of Charleston's accent attributed to?

question: What type of journal were Primer's work on Charleston's accent unpublished?
context: The traditional Charleston accent has long been noted in the state and throughout the South. It is typically heard in wealthy white families who trace their families back generations in the city. It has ingliding or monophthongal long mid-vowels, raises ay and aw in certain environments, and is nonrhotic. Sylvester Primer of the College of Charleston wrote about aspects of the local dialect in his late 19th-century works: "Charleston Provincialisms" (1887)  and "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms", published in a German journal. He believed the accent was based on the English as it was spoken by the earliest settlers, therefore derived from Elizabethan England and preserved with modifications by Charleston speakers. The rapidly disappearing "Charleston accent" is still noted in the local pronunciation of the city's name. Some elderly (and usually upper-class) Charleston natives ignore the 'r' and elongate the first vowel, pronouncing the name as "Chah-l-ston". Some observers attribute these unique features of Charleston's speech to its early settlement by French Huguenots and Sephardic Jews (who were primarily English speakers from London), both of whom played influential roles in Charleston's early development and history.[citation needed]

qas: question: How many days does the Spoleto Festival USA run each year?
answers: text: 17

question: What kind of festival is Spoleto Festival USA?
answers: text: art festival

question: The Holiday Festival of Lights are held where?
answers: text: James Island County Park

question: About how many performances are there in the Spoleto Festival USA?
answers: text: over 100 performances

question: Who founded the Spoleto Festival USA?
answers: text: Gian Carlo Menotti

question: How many days does the Spoleto Festival UK run each year?

question: What kind of festival is Spoleto Festival UK?

question: The Holiday Festival of Lights aren't held where?

question: About how many performances are there in the Spoleto Festival UK?

question: Who founded the Spoleto Festival UK?
context: Charleston annually hosts Spoleto Festival USA founded by Gian Carlo Menotti, a 17-day art festival featuring over 100 performances by individual artists in a variety of disciplines. The Spoleto Festival is internationally recognized as America's premier performing arts festival. The annual Piccolo Spoleto festival takes place at the same time and features local performers and artists, with hundreds of performances throughout the city. Other festivals and events include Historic Charleston Foundation's Festival of Houses and Gardens and Charleston Antiques Show, the Taste of Charleston, The Lowcountry Oyster Festival, the Cooper River Bridge Run, The Charleston Marathon, Southeastern Wildlife Exposition (SEWE), Charleston Food and Wine Festival, Charleston Fashion Week, the MOJA Arts Festival, and the Holiday Festival of Lights (at James Island County Park), and the Charleston International Film Festival.

qas: question: Who wrote the "Charleston"?
answers: text: Chris Smith

question: What decade was the Charleston dance popular nationally?
answers: text: 1920s

question: Who created the song "Charleston Rag"?
answers: text: Eubie Blake

question: Which Charleston community had a large influence on jazz music?
answers: text: the Gullah community

question: Geechee dances are associated with the music of what type of worker?
answers: text: dock workers

question: Who never wrote the "Charleston"?

question: What decade wasn't the Charleston dance popular nationally?

question: Who hated the song "Charleston Rag"?

question: Which Charleston community had a small influence on jazz music?

question: Geechee dances aren't associated with the music of what type of worker?
context: As it has on every aspect of Charleston culture, the Gullah community has had a tremendous influence on music in Charleston, especially when it comes to the early development of jazz music. In turn, the music of Charleston has had an influence on that of the rest of the country. The geechee dances that accompanied the music of the dock workers in Charleston followed a rhythm that inspired Eubie Blake's "Charleston Rag" and later James P. Johnson's "The Charleston", as well as the dance craze that defined a nation in the 1920s. "Ballin' the Jack", which was a popular dance in the years before "The Charleston", was written by native Charlestonian Chris Smith.

qas: question: What year was the Jenkins Orphanage created?
answers: text: 1891

question: What Charleston Reverend established the Jenkins Orphanage?
answers: text: Daniel J. Jenkins

question: What type of donations did the Jerkins Orphanage accept?
answers: text: donations of musical instruments

question: Whose graduates tutored many boys from the Jenkins Orphanage?
answers: text: Avery Institute Graduates

question: What city was Louis Armstrong from?
answers: text: New Orleans

question: What year was the Jenkins Orphanage closed?

question: What Charleston Reverend closed the Jenkins Orphanage?

question: What type of donations did the Jerkins Orphanage reject?

question: Whose graduates tutored many girls from the Jenkins Orphanage?

question: What city wasn't Louis Armstrong from?
context: The Jenkins Orphanage was established in 1891 by the Rev. Daniel J. Jenkins in Charleston. The orphanage accepted donations of musical instruments and Rev. Jenkins hired local Charleston musicians and Avery Institute Graduates to tutor the boys in music. As a result, Charleston musicians became proficient on a variety of instruments and were able to read music expertly. These traits set Jenkins musicians apart and helped land some of them positions in big bands with Duke Ellington and Count Basie. William "Cat" Anderson, Jabbo Smith, and Freddie Green are but a few of the alumni from the Jenkins Orphanage band who became professional musicians in some of the best bands of the day. Orphanages around the country began to develop brass bands in the wake of the Jenkins Orphanage Band's success. At the Colored Waif's Home Brass Band in New Orleans, for example, a young trumpeter named Louis Armstrong first began to draw attention.

qas: question: What other president did the Jenkins Orphanage play for other than Taft?
answers: text: Theodore Roosevelt

question: What play did the Jenkins Orphanage band play for on Broadway ?
answers: text: Porgy

question: What was the name of the "folk opera" based on 'Porgy'?
answers: text: Porgy and Bess

question: Where did Gershwin and Heyward write their folk opera?
answers: text: Folly Beach outside of Charleston

question: When did Gershwin and Heyward write their folk opera?
answers: text: summer of 1934

question: What other president didn't the Jenkins Orphanage play for other than Taft?

question: What play didn't the Jenkins Orphanage band play for on Broadway ?

question: What wasn't the name of the "folk opera" based on 'Porgy'?

question: Where did Gershwin and Heyward read their folk opera?

question: When did Gershwin and Heyward read their folk opera?
context: As many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft and toured the USA and Europe. The band also played on Broadway for the play "Porgy" by DuBose and Dorothy Heyward, a stage version of their novel of the same title. The story was based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this "folk opera", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and is widely performed.

qas: question: How many companies are there in the City of Charleston Fire Department?
answers: text: 19

question: How many full time firefighters do Charleston have?
answers: text: 300

question: Who was the Fire Chief until June 2008?
answers: text: Russell (Rusty) Thomas

question: Who became the Fire Chief in November 2008?
answers: text: Chief Thomas Carr

question: How many tower companies does the fire department have?
answers: text: two

question: How many companies aren't there in the City of Charleston Fire Department?

question: How many part time firefighters do Charleston have?

question: Who was the Fire Chief until June 2009?

question: Who became the Fire Chief in November 2009?

question: How many tower companies doesn't the fire department have?
context: The City of Charleston Fire Department consists over 300 full-time firefighters. These firefighters operate out of 19 companies located throughout the city: 16 engine companies, two tower companies, and one ladder company. Training, Fire Marshall, Operations, and Administration are the divisions of the department. The department operates on a 24/48 schedule and had a Class 1 ISO rating until late 2008, when ISO officially lowered it to Class 3. Russell (Rusty) Thomas served as Fire Chief until June 2008, and was succeeded by Chief Thomas Carr in November 2008.

qas: question: What is the largest police department of South Carolina?
answers: text: The City of Charleston Police Department

question: How many reserve police officers do the Charleston Police Department have?
answers: text: 27

question: How many civilians serve on the Charleston Police Department?
answers: text: 137

question: Who is the current Chief of the Charleston Police Department?
answers: text: Greg Mullen

question: What year did Reuben Greenberg retire as Chief of Charleston Police Department?
answers: text: 2005

question: What is the smallest police department of South Carolina?

question: How many reserve police officers don't the Charleston Police Department have?

question: How many civilians don't serve on the Charleston Police Department?

question: Who is the former Chief of the Charleston Police Department?

question: What year did Reuben Greenberg unretire as Chief of Charleston Police Department?
context: The City of Charleston Police Department, with a total of 452 sworn officers, 137 civilians, and 27 reserve police officers, is South Carolina's largest police department. Their procedures on cracking down on drug use and gang violence in the city are used as models to other cities to do the same.[citation needed] According to the final 2005 FBI Crime Reports, Charleston crime level is worse than the national average in almost every major category. Greg Mullen, the former Deputy Chief of the Virginia Beach, Virginia Police Department, serves as the current Chief of the Charleston Police Department. The former Charleston police chief was Reuben Greenberg, who resigned August 12, 2005. Greenberg was credited with creating a polite police force that kept police brutality well in check, even as it developed a visible presence in community policing and a significant reduction in crime rates.

qas: question: What is the state's first school of medicine?
answers: text: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center

question: Where is East Cooper Regional Medical Center?
answers: text: Mount Pleasant

question: Where is the Trident Regional Medical Center is located?
answers: text: City of North Charleston

question: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital is located at what portion of the city?
answers: text: West Ashley portion

question: What medical district is experiencing growth in biotechnology and medical research field?
answers: text: The downtown medical district

question: What is the state's last school of medicine?

question: Where is West Cooper Regional Medical Center?

question: Where isn't the Trident Regional Medical Center located?

question: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital isn't located at what portion of the city?

question: What medical district is experiencing decline in biotechnology and medical research field?
context: Charleston is the primary medical center for the eastern portion of the state. The city has several major hospitals located in the downtown area: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center (MUSC), Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, and Roper Hospital. MUSC is the state's first school of medicine, the largest medical university in the state, and the sixth-oldest continually operating school of medicine in the United States. The downtown medical district is experiencing rapid growth of biotechnology and medical research industries coupled with substantial expansions of all the major hospitals. Additionally, more expansions are planned or underway at another major hospital located in the West Ashley portion of the city: Bon Secours-St Francis Xavier Hospital. The Trident Regional Medical Center located in the City of North Charleston and East Cooper Regional Medical Center located in Mount Pleasant also serve the needs of residents of the city of Charleston.

qas: question: What airport provides service to the City to Charleston?
answers: text: Charleston International Airport

question: The Charleston International Airport is located in what city?
answers: text: North Charleston

question: How far is the airport from downtown Charleston?
answers: text: 12 miles (20 km)

question: Charleston Executive Airport is located where?
answers: text: the John's Island section of the city of Charleston

question: What military base is located near the airport?
answers: text: Charleston Air Force Base

question: What airport provides no service to the City to Charleston?

question: The Charleston International Airport isn't located in what city?

question: How far is the airport from uptown Charleston?

question: Charleston Executive Airport isn't located where?

question: What military base is located nowhere near the airport?
context: The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passenger airport in South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston Air Force Base. Charleston Executive Airport is a smaller airport located in the John's Island section of the city of Charleston and is used by noncommercial aircraft. Both airports are owned and operated by the Charleston County Aviation Authority.

qas: question: What area in Charleston is considered the 'industrial area'?
answers: text: the city's Neck area

question: What highways is King Street in downtown Charleston?
answers: text: U.S. Highway 78

question: U.S. Highway 78 merges with what street?
answers: text: Meeting Street

question: Interstate 526 begins and ends at what Highway?
answers: text: U.S. Highway 17

question: Interstate 26 begins on what part of Charleston?
answers: text: downtown Charleston

question: What area in Charleston isn't considered the 'industrial area'?

question: What highways is King Street in uptown Charleston?

question: U.S. Highway 87 merges with what street?

question: Interstate 562 begins and ends at what Highway?

question: Interstate 62 begins on what part of Charleston?
context: Interstate 26 begins in downtown Charleston, with exits to the Septima Clark Expressway, the Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Meeting Street. Heading northwest, it connects the city to North Charleston, the Charleston International Airport, Interstate 95, and Columbia. The Arthur Ravenel, Jr. Bridge and Septima Clark Expressway are part of U.S. Highway 17, which travels east-west through the cities of Charleston and Mount Pleasant. The Mark Clark Expressway, or Interstate 526, is the bypass around the city and begins and ends at U.S. Highway 17. U.S. Highway 52 is Meeting Street and its spur is East Bay Street, which becomes Morrison Drive after leaving the east side. This highway merges with King Street in the city's Neck area (industrial district). U.S. Highway 78 is King Street in the downtown area, eventually merging with Meeting Street.

qas: question: What year did the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge open?
answers: text: 2005

question: What is linked to downtown Charleston by the bridge?
answers: text: Mount Pleasant

question: What year was the Grace Memorial Bridge built?
answers: text: 1929

question: What year was the Silas N. Pearman Bridge built?
answers: text: 1966

question: The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge crosses what river?
answers: text: Cooper River

question: What year did the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge close?

question: What is linked to uptown Charleston by the bridge?

question: What year was the Grace Memorial Bridge closed?

question: What year was the Silas N. Pearman Bridge destroyed?

question: The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge never crosses what river?
context: The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge across the Cooper River opened on July 16, 2005, and was the second-longest cable-stayed bridge in the Americas at the time of its construction.[citation needed] The bridge links Mount Pleasant with downtown Charleston, and has eight lanes plus a 12-foot lane shared by pedestrians and bicycles. It replaced the Grace Memorial Bridge (built in 1929) and the Silas N. Pearman Bridge (built in 1966). They were considered two of the more dangerous bridges in America and were demolished after the Ravenel Bridge opened.

qas: question: Some of the oldest private schools in Charleston date back how long?
answers: text: 150 years

question: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston oversees what kind of schools?
answers: text: K-8 parochial schools

question: How old are some of Charleston's private school?
answers: text: 150 years

question: Which school is Charleston's diocesan high school?
answers: text: Bishop England High School

question: Which organization oversees several K-8 Parochial Schools?
answers: text: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education

question: Bishop England High school , Porter-Gaud School and a what other school is among Charleston's most prominent private schools?
answers: text: Ashley Hall

question: Some of the oldest public schools in Charleston date back how long?

question: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston oversees what kind of hospitals?

question: How old are some of Charleston's public school?

question: Which school isn't Charleston's diocesan high school?

question: Which organization oversees several K-9 Parochial Schools?
context: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Charleston Office of Education also operates out of the city and oversees several K-8 parochial schools, such as Blessed Sacrament School, Christ Our King School, Charleston Catholic School, Nativity School, and Divine Redeemer School, all of which are "feeder" schools into Bishop England High School, a diocesan high school within the city. Bishop England, Porter-Gaud School, and Ashley Hall are the city's oldest and most prominent private schools, and are a significant part of Charleston history, dating back some 150 years.

qas: question: What is the nation's 13th-oldest university?
answers: text: College of Charleston

question: Where is the Art Institute of Charleston located?
answers: text: downtown on North Market Street

question: What year did the Art institute of Charleston open?
answers: text: 2007

question: What Charleston College offers a degree in Building Arts?
answers: text: The American College of the Building Arts

question: What Technical college have a campus at downtown Charleston?
answers: text: Trident Technical College

question: What is the nation's 12th-oldest university?

question: Where isn't the Art Institute of Charleston located?

question: What year did the Art institute of Charleston close?

question: What Charleston College offers no degree in Building Arts?

question: What Technical college have a campus at uptown Charleston?
context: Public institutions of higher education in Charleston include the College of Charleston (the nation's 13th-oldest university), The Citadel, The Military College of South Carolina, and the Medical University of South Carolina. The city is also home to private universities, including the Charleston School of Law . Charleston is also home to the Roper Hospital School of Practical Nursing, and the city has a downtown satellite campus for the region's technical school, Trident Technical College. Charleston is also the location for the only college in the country that offers bachelor's degrees in the building arts, The American College of the Building Arts. The Art Institute of Charleston, located downtown on North Market Street, opened in 2007.

qas: question: What is the name of Charleston's sister city?
answers: text: Spoleto

question: In what country is Spoleto located?
answers: text: Italy

question: Who selected Charleston to host an American version of a festival?
answers: text: Gian Carlo Menotti

question: What is the name of festival held in Spoleto?
answers: text: Festival of Two Worlds

question: What is the profession of Gian Carlo Menotti?
answers: text: composer

question: What is the name of Charleston's brother city?

question: In what country isn't Spoleto located?

question: Who selected Charleston not to host an American version of a festival?

question: What isn't the name of festival held in Spoleto?

question: What isn't the profession of Gian Carlo Menotti?
context: Charleston has one official sister city, Spoleto, Umbria, Italy. The relationship between the two cities began when Pulitzer Prize-winning Italian composer Gian Carlo Menotti selected Charleston as the city to host the American version of Spoleto's annual Festival of Two Worlds. "Looking for a city that would provide the charm of Spoleto, as well as its wealth of theaters, churches, and other performance spaces, they selected Charleston, South Carolina, as the ideal location. The historic city provided a perfect fit: intimate enough that the Festival would captivate the entire city, yet cosmopolitan enough to provide an enthusiastic audience and robust infrastructure."

qas: question: What year was the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station closed?
answers: text: 1996

question: How many nuclear warheads were stored at the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station?
answers: text: 2,500 nuclear warheads

question: How many SSBN "Boomer" squadrons were homeported at the Weapons Station?
answers: text: Two

question: Submarine Squadron 4 is homeported at what type of military base?
answers: text: Naval Base

question: What type of security force guards the 2500 nuclear warheads?
answers: text: a U.S. Marine Corps security force company.

question: What year was the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station opened?

question: How many nuclear warheads weren't stored at the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station?

question: How many SSNB "Boomer" squadrons were homeported at the Weapons Station?

question: Submarine Squadron 3 is homeported at what type of military base?

question: What type of security force guards the 2600 nuclear warheads?
context: During this period, the Weapons Station was the Atlantic Fleet's loadout base for all nuclear ballistic missile submarines. Two SSBN "Boomer" squadrons and a submarine tender were homeported at the Weapons Station, while one SSN attack squadron, Submarine Squadron 4, and a submarine tender were homeported at the Naval Base. At the 1996 closure of the station's Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic (POMFLANT), over 2,500 nuclear warheads and their UGM-27 Polaris, UGM-73 Poseidon, and UGM-96 Trident I delivery missiles (SLBM) were stored and maintained, guarded by a U.S. Marine Corps security force company.

qas: question: What year did South Carolina pass a law allowing them to repeal Federal Law?
answers: text: 1832

question: After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston's forts?
answers: text: federal soldiers

question: After South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston Harbor?
answers: text: five United States Coast Guard cutters

question: The federal action of sending soldiers to Charleston in 1832 is known as what?
answers: text: the Charleston incident

question: A compromise law from the state politicans achieved what?
answers: text: in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs

question: What year did North Carolina pass a law allowing them to repeal Federal Law?

question: After North Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston's forts?

question: After North Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, who was sent to Charleston Harbor?

question: The federal action of sending soldiers to Charleston in 1823 is known as what?

question: A compromise law from the state politicans never achieved what?
context: In 1832, South Carolina passed an ordinance of nullification, a procedure by which a state could, in effect, repeal a federal law; it was directed against the most recent tariff acts. Soon, federal soldiers were dispensed to Charleston's forts, and five United States Coast Guard cutters were detached to Charleston Harbor "to take possession of any vessel arriving from a foreign port, and defend her against any attempt to dispossess the Customs Officers of her custody until all the requirements of law have been complied with." This federal action became known as the Charleston incident. The state's politicians worked on a compromise law in Washington to gradually reduce the tariffs.

qas: question: What industry depended on the port of Charleston?
answers: text: The slave trade

question: Where was  fresh food sold daily in Charleston in 1840?
answers: text: the Market Hall and Sheds

question: What year did the legal importation of slaves end?
answers: text: 1808

question: The region where cotton plantations were developed was known as what?
answers: text: Black Belt

question: In what era did one million slaves get trade throughout the South?
answers: text: in the antebellum years

question: What industry never depended on the port of Charleston?

question: Where was fresh food sold daily in Charleston in 1804?

question: What year did the legal importation of slaves start?

question: The region where cotton plantations weren't developed was known as what?

question: In what era did two million slaves get trade throughout the South?
context: By 1840, the Market Hall and Sheds, where fresh meat and produce were brought daily, became a hub of commercial activity. The slave trade also depended on the port of Charleston, where ships could be unloaded and the slaves bought and sold. The legal importation of African slaves had ended in 1808, although smuggling was significant. However, the domestic trade was booming. More than one million slaves were transported from the Upper South to the Deep South in the antebellum years, as cotton plantations were widely developed through what became known as the Black Belt. Many slaves were transported in the coastwise slave trade, with slave ships stopping at ports such as Charleston.

qas: question: What percentage of those elected from 1868 to 1876 were Freemen?
answers: text: 26%

question: Freeman became the leaders of what party in Charleston?
answers: text: postwar Republican Party

question: What else did freed slaves face in postwar Charleston besides discrimination?
answers: text: poverty

question: For what did the Federal forces remain in Charleston?
answers: text: city's reconstruction

question: Which side was defeated in the war before Reconstruction?
answers: text: Confederacy

question: What percentage of those elected from 1868 to 1886 were Freemen?

question: Freeman never became the leaders of what party in Charleston?

question: What else did freed slaves face in prewar Charleston besides discrimination?

question: For what did the Federal forces leave Charleston?

question: Which side was defeated in the war after Reconstruction?
context: After the defeat of the Confederacy, federal forces remained in Charleston during the city's reconstruction. The war had shattered the prosperity of the antebellum city. Freed slaves were faced with poverty and discrimination, but a large community of free people of color had been well-established in the city before the war and became the leaders of the postwar Republican Party and its legislators. Men who had been free people of color before the war comprised 26% of those elected to state and federal office in South Carolina from 1868 to 1876.