AbstractDiptera: Acroceridae) are reviewed, with all eight currently recognized genera diagnosed and figured. The panopine genus Panops Lamarck, 1804 from Australia and Indonesia is revised with four new species described, increasing the total number of species in the genus to nine: Panops aurumsp. n., Panops danielsisp. n., Panops jadesp. n. and Panops schlingerisp. n. Five species of Panops are redescribed: Panops austrae Neboiss, 1971, Panops baudini Lamarck, 1804, Panops boharti , comb. n., Panops conspicuus  and Panops grossi , comb. n. The monotypic genera Neopanops Schlinger, 1959 and Panocalda Neboiss, 1971 are synonymized with Panops. Keys to genera of Australasian Acroceridae and species of Panops, Helle Osten Sacken, 1896 and Australasian Pterodontia Gray, 1832 are included.The Australasian spider flies ( Diptera: Acroceridae) are a distinctive group of lower brachyceran flies characterized by unusual adult body shape and highly specialized larval biology as parasitoids of spiders. Adults are recognized as important pollinators of angiosperms )  ) , whilst Ogcodes Latreille, 1797 and Pterodontia Gray, 1832) are found throughout the region, and are considered cosmopolitan throughout all major biogeographic regions. Philopotinae are represented by an endemic genus in New Zealand  .The Australasian acrocerid fauna comprises all three subfamilies, although represented by relatively few genera. Two acrocerine genera   and a rePanopinae are well represented in the Australasian region.Six genera are described previously from New Zealand , Indonesia  and Australia  . An additional four species are described herein  whilst another two species are moved from other genera , comb. n. and Panops grossi , comb. n.). Discovery of these new species of Panops has expanded the concept of the genus, with various species exhibiting combinations of characteristics previously used to differentiate Panops from Panocalda and Neopanops– specifically length of the mouthparts and presence and distribution of eye pilosity. Consequently, Neopanops and Panocalda are newly synonymized with Panops. All Australasian acrocerid genera are diagnosed and figured. Four genera of Panopinae are now recognized from the Australasian region, Apsona (1 sp.), Mesophysa (4 spp.), Panops (9 spp.) and Leucopsina (2 spp.). Keys to genera of Australasian Acroceridae and species of Panops, Helle and Australasian Pterodontia are included.d, 1876) . Pterodol spines , 2009, bics e.g.  and moleics e.g. . Panops 4+5  is referred to here as 2r-m following PageBreak, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), National Museum of Victoria (NMV), Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH), Queensland Museum (QM), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NHRS), South Australian Museum (SAM), The Natural History Museum (BMNH), Western Australian Museum (WAM). Descriptions were constructed using Lucid Builder 3.5, using a matrix database of character states, which were then exported using the natural language function into XML and a text document. Specimen images were taken at different focal points using a digital camera and subsequently combined into a serial montage image using Helicon Focus software. High-resolution digital images were deposited into Morphbank with embedded URL links within the document between descriptions and Morphbank images. All new nomenclatural acts and literature are registered in Zoobank ; larvae exclusively parasitoids of mygalomorph spiders.Usually large and densely pilose, body shape never arched; antennal flagellum elongate cylindrical to paddle-shaped, sometimes tapered but never stylate, usually lacking terminal setae; postpronotal lobes never meeting medially; wing venation complete to wing margin (rarely reduced), cells mApsona Westwood, 1876; Leucopsina Westwood, 1876; Mesophysa Macquart, 1838; Panops Lamarck, 1804.Westwood, 1876http://species-id.net/wiki/ApsonaApsonaApsona muscaria Westwood, 1876 by monotypy. Westwood, 1876: 510 – PageBreak tibial spines absent; pulvilli present; wing hyaline, markings absent; costa circumambient, costal margin straight apically in both sexes; humeral crossvein present; radial veins curved towards wing anterior margin; R1 not inflated distally; pterostigma and cell r1 membranous, not ribbed; R2+3 present; R4+5 present as forked petiolate veins; cell r4+5 bisected by 2r-m, basal cell narrow elongate, closed; 2r-m very short, joining M1 to stem R4+5; R4 without spur vein; medial vein compliment with M1, M2 and M3 present (M3 fused with CuA1); discal cell closed completely; M1 and M2 usually not reaching wing margin; cell m3 present; CuA1 joining M3, petiolate to wing margin; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula absent; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded; abdomen shape greatly rounded, inflated, conical posteriorly. Body length: 7–9 mm. Colouration metallic green; head width slightly smaller than thorax width, hemispherical; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; three ocelli; posterior margin of eye rounded; eye pilose (dense); position of antenna on frons nearer to ocellar tubercle; eyes contiguous above and below antennal base; palpus present; proboscis longer than head length; flagellum shape elongate, tapered apically, apex lacking terminal setae; scapes separate; subscutellum not enlarged, barely visible;Apsona muscaria Westwood, 1876.Apsona is a monotypic genus endemic to New Zealand and can be readily differentiated from all other Panopinae based on the lack of tibial spines. Apsona shows little relationship to the rest of the Australasian Panopinae and shows remarkable similarity to the New World genus Eulonchus Gerstaecker, 1856, sharing numerous characteristics such as metallic green colouration, antennal shape, dense eye pilosity, elongate mouthparts, eyes contiguous below antennal base and absence of an alula ; cell r4+5 bisected by 2r-m, basal cell narrow elongate, closed; 2r-m joining M1 to R5; R4 PageBreakwith spur vein; medial vein compliment: M1, M2 and M3 present (M3 fused with CuA1); discal cell closed completely; medial veins reaching wing margin; cell m3 present; CuA1 joining M3, petiolate to margin; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate; wing microtrichia absent;PageBreak anal lobe well-developed; alula weakly developed; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded, tergites raised along posterior margins; abdomen constricted anteriorly.Body length: 9.0 mm [male], 12.0 mm [female]. Colouration black and yellow [wasp mimic]; head slightly smaller than thorax width, shape hemispherical; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; three ocelli, anterior ocellus reduced in size  or absent ; posterior margin of eye emarginate; eye apilose; position of antennae on head adjacent to ocellar tubercle; male frons width above antennal base not contiguous, eyes contiguous below antennal base; palpus present; proboscis greater than head length; flagellum shape elongate, cylindrical; apex lacking terminal setae; scapes separate; subscutellum enlarged; tibial spines present; pulvilli present; wing markings present (infuscate anteriorly); costa circumambient ; costal margin straight; humeral crossvein present; radial veins straight; RLeucopsina burnsi ; Leucopsina odyneroides Westwood, 1876.Leucopsina is an endemic Australian genus of contrastingly coloured yellow and black flies, with distinct sexual dimorphism between males and females; male having more pronounced constriction of the abdomen anteriorly. The body colouration, darkening of the costal wing margin and abdominal waist allows members of this genus to be convincing wasp mimics  but subsequently transferred to Leucopsina and thoroughly differentiated from Leucopsina odyneroides by p mimics . LeucopsMacquarthttp://species-id.net/wiki/MesophysaMesophysaMesophysa scapularis Macquart, 1838 by subsequent designation of Panops flavipes Latreille, 1811]. Macquart, 1838: 166 – 1 not inflated distally; pterostigma and cell r1 membranous, not ribbed; R2+3 present; R4+5 originating separately from cell r4+5; cell r4+5 bisected by 2r-m, basal cell narrow elongate, closed; 2r-m, joining M1 to R5; R4 with spur vein; medial vein compliment with M1, M2 and M3 present (M3 fused with CuA1); discal cell closed completely; medial veins reaching wing margin; cell m3 present; CuA1 joining M3, petiolate to margin; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate to margin; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula well developed;PageBreak abdominal tergites smooth, rounded; abdomen shape rounded, cylindrical, similar width to thorax or constricted anteriorly , tergites raised along posterior margins.Body length: 8.0–10.0 mm [male], 9.0–11 mm [female]. Colouration non-metallic, usually matte greenish hue; head size slightly smaller than thorax width; shape hemispherical; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; three ocelli; posterior margin of eye emarginate; eye apilose; antennae positioned on head adjacent to ocellar tubercle; eyes not contiguous above antennal base, contiguous below antennal base; palpus present; proboscis greater than head length; flagellum shape elongate, cylindrical (flattened), truncated apically [more pronounced in male]; scapes separate; flagellum apex lacking terminal setae; subscutellum not enlarged, barely visible; tibial spines present; pulvilli present; wing infuscate, markings present; costa circumambient ; costal margin straight apically; humeral crossvein present; radial veins straight; RMesophysa flavipes ; Mesophysa ilzei Neboiss, 1971; Mesophysa tenaria Neboiss, 1971; Mesophysa ultima Neboiss, 1971.Mesophysa is an endemic eastern Australian genus closely related to Leucopsina. They share a similar habitus with narrowing of the abdomen anteriorly (more pronounced in Leucopsina), apilose eyes, infuscate wings and flagellum shape, as well as the crossvein 2r-m joining to R5 rather than to the stem R4+5. This genus can be differentiated from Leucopsina by the lack of black and yellow markings. Mesophysa has been considered a synonym of Panops by some authors  or elongate, cylindrical ; flagellum apex lacking terminal setae; scapes separate; subscutellum not enlarged, barely visible; tibial spines present; pulvilli present; wing hyaline, markings absent; costa circumambient ; costal margin at pterostigma straight; humeral crossvein present; R1 not inflated distally; pterostigma and cell r1 membranous, not ribbed; vein R2+3 present; R4 and R5 present as forked petiolate veins; radial veins straight towards wing apex, slightly angled anteriorly; cell r4+5 bisected by 2r-m, basal cell narrow elongate, closed; 2r-m joining M1 to stem R4+5; R4 with or without spur vein; medial vein compliment with M1, M2 and M3 present; discal cell closed completely; medial veins reaching wing margin; cell m3 present; CuA1 joining M3, petiolate to wing margin; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate to margin; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula well developed; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded; abdomen shape greatly rounded, inflated . Male genitalia  ; position of antennae on head adjacent to ocellar tubercle; eyes not contiguous above antennal base, contiguous below antennal base; palpus present; proboscis length variable, less than or greater than head length; flagellum shape elongateenitalia  typical PageBreakPanops aurum sp. n.; Panops austrae Neboiss, 1971; Panops baudini Lamarck, 1804; Panops boharti  comb. n.; Panops conspicuus ; Panops danielsi sp. n.; Panops grossi ). Lasia and Panops (sometimes including Mesophysa) in previous treatments of the group by various authors. Based on a series of characters, it is clear that those Australasian species are placed in Panops or Mesophysa, while the New World species are placed in Lasia. In his description of Neopanops, Panops and provided an extensive list of characters distinguishing the two. Similarly, Panocalda from the closely related Panops and Neopanops. Both PageBreak shape of ocellar tubercle, palpi length, head width, parafacial pilosity and wing length. With the inclusion of the four new species described here, and a critical re-examination of the characters used to differentiate Neopanops and Panocalda from Panops, it is clear that all of these characters are variable and that only one genus is warranted. Some species of Panops have pilose eyes, either uniformly sparse and minute  or localized (Panops grossi comb. n.), with the other species being apilose. In no species of Panops are the eyes uniformly dense pilose, as is found in most other panopine genera . This paucity of eye pilosity is shared with only a few other genera, including the Australian Leucopsina and Mesophysa, as well as the highly derived genus Corononcodes Speiser, 1920 from the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions. Proboscis length is a frequently used character in acrocerid taxonomy, but in Panops the length is dramatically variable, with a proboscis much shorter than the head height in some species  while the rest have a proboscis longer than the head height. Panops is a variable genus, but can be differentiated from all other Panopinae based on the diagnosis above, and specifically from all other genera in the Australasian region based on tibial spines being present (cf.Apsona) and wing crossvein 2r-m joining to R4+5 . Like most acrocerids, species of Panops display distinct sexual dimorphism with males often have slightlyPageBreak smaller body size and larger antennae than females. Many Old World panopine genera  have a distinctive unidirectional arrangement of the pile on the head and thorax, giving the individual a dramatic change in appearance when viewed head on .Eye apilose; proboscis longer than head height; body non-metallic; antennae red-brown; parafacial with yellow marginal pile; postpronotal lobe concolourous with rest of thorax; legs dark yellow, femora brown-black.PageBreak4 without spur vein. Abdomen shape rounded globose, much larger than thorax, colour orange-red to yellow, dark markings anteriorly and medially, vestiture dense elongate pile, yellow anteriorly, brown posteriorly on tergites 2–5.Body length: 11.0 mm . Headwitheye apilose; ocellar tubercle raised laterally; medial ocellus absent; occiput brown-black, occipital pile yellow, postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence; clypeus length equal to oral cavity, brown-black; palpus yellow; margin of oral cavity  densely pilose (yellow); proboscis longer than head height; flagellum apex of uniform width, truncated apically, flagellum red-brown; scape and pedicel brown. Thorax with postpronotal lobe brown-black; scutum black, scutal vestiture dense yellow-gold pile; scutellum black; pleuron black; coxae black; femora brown-black, apices dark yellow; tibiae dark yellow; tarsi dark yellow; lower calypter white with dark yellow margin; wing hyaline, venation dark; vein Raurum – gold; referring to the distinctive golden setal pile on the head and thorax.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin, Panops aurum sp. n. is known only from a single male specimen from Western Australia. The fringing yellow setae around the oral cavity and yellow pile on the thorax are distinctive for the species.PageBreakNeboiss, 1971http://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_austraePanops austrae Neboiss, 1971: 209 – Holotype female, AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: nr. Mount Olga , C.A., Paul Genery, ix.1960, picked up dead in sand (Type- T.4177) (NMV).Western Australia: male, Wialki , R. P. McMillan, 12.x.1983 (WAM); male, W of Norseman, Eucalyptus woodland, dry gully to salt lake, Malaise trap, C. Lambkin et al., ANIC bulk sample 2184, 1-17.xi.2003 271m  (ANIC).AUSTRALIA: Eye apilose; proboscis equal to head height; body metallic green-blue; antennae yellow-brown; parafacial without marginal pile; postpronotal lobe concolourous with rest of thorax; legs black.PageBreak clypeus length equal to oral cavity, brown-black; palpus white or black; margin of oral cavity  glabrous; proboscis equal or slightly longer than head height; flagellum dark yellow-orange, suffused with brown, apex in male tapered, narrow apically; scape and pedicel brown or dark yellow. Thorax postpronotal lobe green; scutum metallic green or metallic blue, scutal vestiture dense white pile; scutellum metallic blue-green; pleuron metallic green or metallic blue; coxae black with metallic blue iridescence; femora black; tibiae black or brown; tarsi black; lower calypter white, with brown margin; wing hyaline  or slightly infuscate , venation dark; vein R4 with spur vein. Abdomen shape rounded globose, much larger than thorax  or rounded to conical, not larger than thorax , colour metallic green or metallic blue violet, vestiture as minute setae, dense white-silver elongate setae along anterior margin of tergites 2–5.Body length: 8.0–10.0 mm , 14.5 mm . Head with eye apilose; ocellar tubercle relatively flat, medial ocellus present; occiput metallic green-blue, occipital pile dense, white; postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence;Panops austrae is a large, metallic coloured species similar to Panops jade sp. n. and Panops schlingeri sp. n. It is easily distinguished from these species by the longer proboscis and dense white thoracic pile. This species is known from remote, arid regions of the Northern Territory and Western Australia.PageBreakLamarck, 1804http://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_baudiniPanops baudini Lamarck, 1804: 265 – Mesophysa marginata Macquart, 1838: 168 – Epicerina nigricornis Macquart, 1850: 98 – Panops lamarckianus Westwood, 1876: 508 – Mesophysa australiae Thomson, 1869: 475 – Panops australiae . Kertész, 1909: 8.Mesophysa baudini Brunetti, 1926: 581.Panops nigricornis . Hardy, 1946: 66.Panops baudini Lamarck. Neotype female, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Asquith , 10.x.1962, A.L. Dyce (ANIC) . See discussion by Epicerina nigricornis Macquart. Type male, AUSTRALIA: “2/47 Tasmanie J. Verreaux 1847” (MNHN). See discussion by Panops lamarckianus Westwood. Type male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Moreton Bay, 1859 (OUMNH).Mesophysa australasiae Thomson. Type male, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Sydney, Kinb. (NHRS). See discussion by Queensland: male, female, Isla Gorge National Park,  12.ix.1992, 320m, G. Daniels (GDCB); male, Isla Gorge National Park,  11.ix.1992, 320m, R. Eastwood (GDCB); 32 km S Theodore, , 13.ix.1992, 300m, G. Daniels (GDCB); 2 males, female, 43 km WSW Millmerran, PageBreak, 21.ix.1986, G. & A. Daniels (GDCB); 2 females, Lake Broadwater, nr. Dalby, , site 8, 27.ix.1986, G. & A. Daniels (GDCB); male, Gayndah, Masters (NMV). New South Wales: female, Sydney swamps (NMV); male, Sydney, 17.x.1932, G.M. Goldfinch (ANIC); female, Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park , 2.x.1972, A. & G. Daniels (GDCB); 2 males, Goondera Ridge, Royal National Park , 24.x.1976, G. & A. Daniels (GDCB). Victoria: female, Mitta Mitta River, 8km NW of Dartmouth Dam , 30.x.1976, A. A. Calder (NMV). Western Australia: 3 males, W of Norseman, Eucalyptus woodland, dry gully to salt lake, Malaise trap, C. Lambkin et al., ANIC bulk sample 2184, 1-17.xi.2003 271m  (ANIC); male, Wongan Hills area , Greg Guérin, on flowers of Microcorys (CAS); female, East Yuna Nature Reserve, 34 km WNW Mullewa , 23–24.ix.1983, C. & T. Houston, 559-17, on flowers of ?Helipterum (WAM); female Australia, Boorabbin Rock National Park , W Coolgardie, 26.ix.2005, L. Packer (CNC) [not examined but identity confirmed by B. Sinclair].AUSTRALIA: Diagnosis. Eye minutely pilose; proboscis longer than head height; body black (with faint blue iridescence in western population); antennae red-brown to black; parafacial with marginal pile; postpronotal lobe concolourous with rest of thorax; femora black with pale apices, rest of leg dark yellow to white with black on tibiae; abdomen red or yellow laterally; distiphallus broad apically.PageBreak raised laterally or relatively flat; medial ocellus reduced; occiput brown-black, occipital pile white, sparse; postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence; clypeus length equal to oral cavity, brown-black; palpus white or yellow; margin of oral cavity  pilose; proboscis longer than head height; flagellum red-brown to black; scape and pedicel brown. Thorax with postpronotal lobe brown-black; scutum black, scutal vestiture dense white pile; scutellum black; pleuron black (thorax with slight bluish iridescence in western populations); coxae black; femora black or brown-black, apices dark yellow; tibiae predominantly black with dark yellow to white ; tarsi dark yellow to white; lower calypter white, with yellow margin; wing hyaline  or slightly infuscate ; venation dark; vein R4 with spur vein, rarely without. Abdomen shape rounded globose, much larger than thorax, colour highly variable, orange-red to yellow, dark markings anteriorly and medially, or dark yellow, brown anteriorly on tergites 2–6, vestiture as extensive short white-silver pile, longer laterally.Body length: 9.5–12.5 mm , 11.0–14.0 mm . Head with eye sparsely pilose with minute setae (appears apilose); ocellar tuberclePageBreakPanops baudini is the most commonly represented species in collections. This species is distributed in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. The apex of the aedeagus is broad and quadrangular in this species comb. n.http://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_bohartiNeopanops boharti Schlinger, 1959: 157 – Holotype male, INDONESIA: Papua: Cyclops Mountains, Sabron, 930 ft. , iv.1936, L. E. Cheesman, B. M. 1936-271 (BMNH).PageBreak parafacial without marginal pile; postpronotal lobe cream with brown spot; legs yellow, femora brown with yellow apices; lower calypter cream with brown margin.Eye pilose; eye extends posteriorly beyond maximum head width; proboscis very short, not extending beyond oral cavity; body brown and yellow; antennae yellow;PageBreakmarkings; scutellum brown with bluish iridescence, cream laterally; pleuron cream with brown markings; coxae cream with brown markings; femora cream with brown on middle half; tibiae dark yellow; tarsi dark yellow; lower calypter white, brown marginally on membrane; wing hyaline, venation brownish, pale yellow distally along costa and radial veins; vein R4 with spur vein. Abdomen rounded globose, slightly larger than thorax, colour dark yellow, brown on tergites 3–6, vestiture minute setae, dense white-silver elongate setae along anterior margin of tergites 2–5.Body length: 9.0 mm . Head with eye sparsely pilose, slightly denser and elongate laterally; eye extends posteriorly beyond maximum head width; ocellar tubercle relatively flat; medial ocellus present; occiput cream, brown suffusion laterally; occipital pile white, sparse; flagellum yellow, apex uniform width, truncated apically; scape and pedicel dark yellow; clypeus minute, yellow-brown; palpus yellow; margin of oral cavity  glabrous; proboscis not extending beyond oral cavity. Thorax with postpronotal lobe cream, brown suffusion dorsally; scutum brown, cream posterolaterally; scutal vestiture dense brown and white, matching respective scutal Panops boharti comb. n.was described by Neopanops but is transferred herein to Panops. This Indonesian species is the only non-Australian representative of the genus, and is distinctive based on body colouration and markings, very short mouthparts, eye pilosity and eye shape. Only the male is known.PageBreakhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_conspicuusEpicerina conspicua Brunetti, 1926: 579.Panops conspicuus  – Holotype female, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Kalamunda , 14.iii–14.iv.1914, R.E. Turner, 1914-349 (BMNH).Victoria: male, female, Kiata , R. Oldfield, X 4172, captured as copulating pair (NMV). Western Australia: female, Boulder Rock , 15.iii.1981, M.J. Smart, Jarrah Forest, 300m, hovering 2–3 m above ground, taken at rest on leaf (WAM); 4.5 km E Lake Monger on Wanarra Road , 7.v.2008, T.F. Houston and E. G. Cunningham, 1266-1 (WAM).AUSTRALIA: PageBreakEye apilose; proboscis longer than head height; body colour and shape sexually dimorphic: male black with slender body, female yellow and brown with globose abdomen; antennae yellow-brown to red-brown with black suffusion; parafacial without marginal pile; postpronotal lobe yellow; legs yellow with brown medially on femora and tibiae.4 with spur vein. Abdomen shape rounded globose,PageBreak much larger than thorax  or cylindrical along length , colour orange-yellow or brown-black, vestiture elongate yellow pile .Body length: 11.0 mm , 12.0–13.0 mm . Head with eye apilose; ocellar tubercle raised laterally; medial ocellus present; occiput colour brown-black  or brown with dark yellow spot laterally ; occipital pile yellow; postocular ridge and gena glabrous; clypeus shorter than oral cavity; yellow-brown; palpus yellow; margin of oral cavity  glabrous; proboscis longer than head height; flagellum dark yellow, suffused with brown  or red with black suffusion , apex in male tapered, narrow apically; scape and pedicel brown. Thorax with postpronotal lobe yellow; scutum black  or yellow and brown (markings variable) ; scutal vestiture dense white pile or dense yellow-gold pile; scutellum black or brown; pleuron brown; coxae brown; femora brown-black, apices dark yellow; tibiae dark yellow or dark yellow, suffused with brown; tarsi dark yellow; lower calypter white, with dark yellow margin; wing hyaline  or slightly infuscate , venation dark; vein RPanops conspicuus is recorded from arid regions of southwest Western Australia and Western Victoria. There is dramatic sexual dimorphism in both body colouration and shape in this species, with males very similar to species of Mesophysa. Panops conspicuus can be differentiated from other Panops species by the bright yellow postpronotal lobes, elongate mouthparts, yellow and brown colouration , and apilose eyes. Females of this species are similarly coloured to females of Panops grossi comb. n., a species which also displays dramatic sexual dimorphism.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3FAB3406-C6A4-42CC-9ABC-B82BCB22FDE8http://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_danielsiHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 3km SW Fox Ck. x-ing [crossing], ‘Wolverton’ , 13.iv.1989, G. and A. Daniels (AMS).PageBreakQueensland: female, male, same data as holotype (GDCB) (CAS); female, 7 km NNW Coen, , 17.iv.1989, G. and A. Daniels (GDCB); female, 26 km W ‘Fairview’, , 20.iv.1989, G. and A. Daniels (GDCB). AUSTRALIA: Eye uniformly sparse pilose; proboscis longer than head height; body dark yellow and brown, with metallic green-blue iridescence; antennae red-brown or black; parafacial with marginal pile; postpronotal lobe dark yellow; legs dark yellow and brown.PageBreak lower calypter white, with yellow margin; wing hyaline, venation dark; vein R4 with spur vein. Abdomen shape rounded globose, much larger than thorax  or rounded to conical, not larger than thorax , colour black with metallic green iridescence  or dark yellow, brown anteriorly on tergites 2–6 , vestiture extensive white-silver elongate setae, brown posteromedially on tergites 3–5  or erect dark pile .Body length: 11.0 mm , 10.5–12.0 mm . Head with eye sparsely pilose, uniformly distributed, setae minute; ocellar tubercle raised laterally; medial ocellus absent; occiput metallic green-blue; occipital pile yellow; postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence; flagellum apex in male uniform width, truncated apically, narrower in female, red-brown  or black ; scape and pedicel dark yellow; clypeus length equal to oral cavity, brown-black; palpus yellow; margin of oral cavity  pilose; proboscis longer than head height. Thorax with postpronotal lobe yellow; scutum glossy black , dark yellow marginally; scutal vestiture dense yellow-gold pile; scutellum brown, dark yellow medially; pleuron brown with metallic iridescence; coxae black or brown; femora brown-black, apices dark yellow; tibiae dark yellow, suffused with brown; tarsi dark yellow;This species is named in honour of the collector of this species, Greg Daniels.Panops danielsi sp.n. is known only from Far Northern Queensland. This species is closely related to Panops baudini as both species have similar shaped mouthparts and pilose eyes. Panops danielsi sp. n. can be distinguished by the more evident eye pilosity, yellow postpronotal lobes and body colouration.PageBreakcomb. n.http://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_grossiPanocalda grossi Neboiss, 1971: 214 – Holotype female, AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Koolpinyah, 21.iv.1916  G. F. Hill, (in copula) (SAM).‘Allotype’. AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: same data as holotype (SAM).Eye pilose dorsally only, relatively dense and elongate; proboscis shorter than head height; body colour and shape sexually dimorphic: male metallic olive green, female yellow and brown, globose; antennae yellow; parafacial without marginal pile; postpronotal lobe and legs concolourous with rest of body.PageBreak or white, with dark yellow margin; wing hyaline or slightly infuscate, venation dark; vein R4 without spur vein. Abdomen shape with male rounded, not larger than thorax, metallic olive green, vestiture dense short pile, longer laterally; female rounded globose, much larger than thorax , orange-yellow , vestiture elongate yellow pile.Body length: 9.0 mm , 12.0 mm . Head eye pilose dorsally only, dense and relatively elongate; occiput olive green, occipital pile dense white  or yellow ; postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence; ocellar tubercle raised laterally or relatively flat; medial ocellus absent; clypeus shorter than oral cavity, yellow-brown; palpus black; margin of oral cavity  glabrous; proboscis not extending beyond oral cavity; flagellum yellow, apex in male uniform width, truncated apically; scape and pedicel brown. Thorax with postpronotal lobe yellow  or green ; scutum metallic olive green or yellow-orange; scutal vestiture dense white or yellow-gold pile; scutellum metallic olive green or orange-yellow with brown suffusion; pleuron orange or metallic olive green; coxae brown; femora brown-black, apices dark yellow; tibiae brown; tarsi brown; lower calypter white, brown marginally on membranePanops grossi comb. n.was described by Panocalda but is transferred herein to Panops. This species is apparently closely related to Panops boharti comb. n. based on eye pilosity, and Panops schlingeri sp. n. and Panops jade sp. n. based on the short mouthparts. All of these species are northern Australian or Indonesian species. Panops grossi comb. n. can be distinguished from all PageBreakother Panops based on the dense patch of relatively elongate pile on the dorsal part of the eye. This species displays a dramatic sexual dimorphism similar to that found in Panops conspicuus, with females being orange-yellow in colour.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:96D0BD2A-0C81-4BCE-BB32-671D1C2D901Chttp://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_jadeHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Isla Gorge National Park , 3.x.1991, 320 m, G. Daniels (AMS).Queensland: female, Isla Gorge National Park , 3.x.1991, 320 m, G. Daniels (CAS); female, Isla Gorge National Park , 14.ix.1992, 320 m, G. Daniels (AMS). AUSTRALIA: PageBreakEye apilose; proboscis shorter than head height; body metallic green-blue to violet iridescence; antennae red-brown; parafacial with marginal pile; postpronotal lobe concolourous with rest of thorax; legs black with metallic blue-violet iridescence.PageBreakPageBreak calypter white with brown margin; wing hyaline, venation dark; vein R4 with spur vein. Abdomen shape rounded globose, much larger than thorax, colour metallic green or blue-violet iridescent, vestiture extensive white-silver short pile, longer laterally.Body length: 11.5 mm , 11.5–12.0 mm . Head with eye apilose; ocellar tubercle relatively flat; medial ocellus present; occiput metallic green-blue, occipital pile white, sparse; postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence; clypeus length equal to oral cavity, black with blue-green suffusion; palpus black; margin of oral cavity  pilose; proboscis extending beyond oral cavity, but shorter than head height; flagellum apex in male tapered, slightly rounded apically, red-brown; scape and pedicel red-brown. Thorax with postpronotal lobe blue-violet; scutum metallic blue-violet, green posteromedially; scutellum metallic blue-violet; coxae and femora with metallic blue-violet iridescence; tibiae black; tarsi black; lowerThis beautifully coloured species is named after my daughter, Jade Tanya Winterton, whose name also describes the deep green colouration found in this species.Panops jade sp. n. is a distinctive species with extensive green to blue-violet iridescence, particularly in the female. It is similar to the western Australian species, Panops austrae, but is distinguished by the length of the mouthparts, leg colour and different vestiture pattern on the abdomen. Panops jade sp. n. is known only from Isla Gorge National Park in southern Queensland. Both males and females are recorded from Spinifex grass (Triodia sp.), presumably at rest.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:03D163A1-D1DA-4810-8D88-77F76D5CC490http://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_schlingeriHolotype female, AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 9 km NE of Mudginbarry H.S. (on scarp), 10.vi.1973, D. H. Colless  (ANIC).PageBreakNorthern Territory: female, 8 km SSW of Oenpelli Mission 7.vi.1973, J. Cardale  (ANIC). AUSTRALIA: Eye apilose; proboscis shorter than head height; body metallic green-blue iridescence; antennae orange; parafacial without marginal pile; postpronotal lobe dark yellow; legs dark yellow, femora brown-black with yellow apices.PageBreakblue iridescence; femora brown-black, apices dark yellow; tibiae dark yellow; tarsi dark yellow; lower calypter white, with dark yellow margin; wing hyaline, venation dark; vein R4 without spur vein. Abdomen shape rounded globose, much larger than thorax,PageBreak dark with metallic green to blue iridescence, vestiture as dense short pile, longer laterally.Body length: 9.5–11.0 mm . Head with eye apilose; ocellar tubercle relatively flat; medial ocellus present; occiput metallic green-blue, occipital pile white, dense; postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence; clypeus shorter than oral cavity, brown-black; palpus black; margin of oral cavity  glabrous; proboscis not extending beyond oral cavity; flagellum orange; scape and pedicel dark red-yellow. Thorax with postpronotal lobe yellow; scutum metallic green to blue iridescent; scutal vestiture dense white pile; scutellum metallic blue-green; pleuron metallic green to blue iridescent; coxae brown-black with metallic Acroceridae taxonomist Dr. Evert Irving Schlinger.I am honoured to name this species after the world-renowned Panops schlingeri sp. n. is known only from two female specimens collected in the Northern Territory. This species is differentiated easily by the green-blue iridescence on the body and dark yellow postpronotal lobes.PageBreakSubfamilySchiner, 1968http://species-id.net/wiki/PhilopotinaePhilopota Wiedemann. Schlinger, 1971: 186.4+5 present, to highly reduced with only cell br present; cell m3 absent; veins R4 and R5 always present as single vein R4+5; cubital and medial veins not reaching posterior wing margin; larvae exclusively parasitoids of araneomorph spiders.Body shape slightly to strongly arched and never densely pilose; small to medium sized; antennal flagellum stylate; postpronotal lobes enlarged and meeting medially to form collar behind head; tibial spines absent; wing costal vein ending at wing apex, never circumambient; wing venation highly variable, ranging from relatively complete with cells cu-p, bm br, d and basal rHelle Osten Sacken, 1896; Schlingeriella Gillung & Winterton, 2011.Osten Sacken, 1896http://species-id.net/wiki/HelleHelleAcrocera longirostris Hudson, 1892: 56 by monotypy.PageBreak Osten Sacken, 1896: 16 – PageBreakantennal base, not contiguous below antennal base; palpus present; proboscis greater than head length; flagellum stylate, apex with terminal seta; postpronotal lobes enlarged, medially contiguous to form collar; subscutellum enlarged; legs not elongated; wing markings absent; costa ending near wing apex, costal margin straight; humeral crossvein absent; radial veins straight or curved towards wing anterior margin; R1 inflated distally at pterostigma; pterostigma and cell r1 membranous, not ribbed; R2+3 present; R4+5 angled anteriorly approximately midway; cell r4+5 bisected by 2r-m, basal cell very narrow elongate, closed; 2r-m joining M1 to R4+5; cell r4+5 present, narrow elongate, closed ; crossvein 2r-m present (rarely absent);R4 without spur vein; medial vein compliment with M1, M2 and M3 present (M3 fused with CuA1); discal cell closed completely; medial veins not reaching wing margin; CuA1 joining M3, petiolate to margin; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula well developed; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded; abdomen shape elongate, narrow cylindrical or conical , or rounded and inflated . Body length: 4.0–6.0 mm [male], 6.0–7.0 mm [female]. Body shape strongly arched; colouration non-metallic (brown or black); head size slightly narrower than thorax width, shape sub-spherical; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; three ocelli, anterior ocellus reduced in size; posterior margin of eye rounded; eye apilose; position of antennae on head near middle of frons; eyes contiguous above PageBreakHelle longirostris ; Helle rufescens Brunetti, 1926.Helle is an endemic genus to New Zealand that is closely related to Schlingeriella, the only other philopotine genus in the region  and R4+5 angled anteriorly approximately half way along vein.PageBreakHelle can be differentiated from all other philopotine genera based on the relatively complete wing venation, inflated R1 at pterostigma, palpi present and apilose eyes.e region . CharactGillung & Wintertonurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:99EAC1BE-4A6F-43E0-B61A-6460BF68694Ehttp://species-id.net/wiki/SchlingeriellaSchlingeriellaSchlingeriella irwini Gillung & Winterton, 2011: 23.PageBreak Gillung & Winterton, 2011: 22. Type species: PageBreakthan thorax  or slightly smaller than thorax ; head spherical; postocular ridge and occiput extended posteriorly into slight ridge; posterior margin of eye rounded; eyes bare; position of antennae on head near middle of frons, slightly nearer to mouthparts; eyes contiguous above antennal base, not contiguous below; palpus present; proboscis longer than head; antennal flagellum stylate, apex with terminal seta; thorax with postpronotal lobes enlarged, medially contiguous to form collar; subscutellum PageBreakenlarged; legs not greatly elongated; pulvilli present; wing hyaline, markings absent; costa ending in radial field; costal margin straight in both sexes; humeral crossvein absent; radial veins meeting wing margin before wing apex; R1 inflated distally at pterostigma; R2+3 present; R4+5 slightly curved anteriorly midway; veins M1, M2 and M3 present; discal cell absent; medial veins reaching wing margin (or nearly so); crossvein 2r-m absent; Cu reduced, not reaching wing margin; anal lobe not enlarged; alula well developed; abdomen smooth, rounded, cylindrical in shape, similar width to thorax  or greatly rounded, inflated .Body length: 2.4–4.0 mm [male], 4.4–6.0 mm [female]. Body shape arched; body colouration non-metallic dark brown; head width much smaller PageBreakSchlingeriella irwini Gillung & Winterton, 2011.Schlingeriella is differentiated from other Philopotinae by medial veins mostly reaching the wing margin, R1 inflated apically, reduced wing venation , elongate mouthparts and apilose eyes. See results of Schlingeriella irwini sp. n.) from New Caledonia (France). There is dramatic sexual dimorphism in body size, with females considerably larger than the males. This genus was described by Acroceridae taxonomy. Evert Schlinger not only collected many of the specimens in New Caledonia, he also recognized that it represented a completely new genus of endemic spider flies.PageBreakSubfamilyZetterstedt, 1837http://species-id.net/wiki/Acrocerinae Acrocera Meigen 1803: 266.3 and basal r4+5 present, to highly reduced with few closed cells; humeral crossvein rarely well developed; tibial apical spines absent (rarely present); larvae exclusively parasitoids of araneomorph spiders.Small to medium sized, densely pilose to apilose, body rarely arched; antennal flagellum stylate; postpronotal lobes widely separated, never medially contiguous; wing venation highly variable, ranging from complete with cells cu-p, bm br, d, mPageBreakOgcodes Latreille, 1797; Pterodontia Gray, 1832Latreille, 1797http://species-id.net/wiki/OgcodesOgcodesMusca gibbosa Linnaeus, by subsequent monotypy ; antenotum not collar-like behind head; subscutellum enlarged; tibial spines absent; pulvilli present; wing hyaline, markings absent; costa ending near wing apex, costal margin straight; humeral crossvein absent; radial veins straight; R1 inflated or not inflated distally; pterostigma and cell r1 membranous, not ribbed; only two radial veins present, R2+3 absent, R4+5 not reaching wing margin; medial vein compliment with M1, M2 and M3 present, or two M veins present; discal cell weakly formed or absent; medial veins not reaching wing margin; cell m3 absent; CuA1 absent; CuA2 separate from A1, ending just before wing margin; crossvein 2r-m absent; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula well developed; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded (rarely with tubercles in fossil species); abdomen shape greatly rounded, inflated. Body length: 3.0–5.0 mm [male], 4.0–8.0 mm [female]. Body shape not arched, colouration black, yellow or white, non-metallic; head much smaller Ogcodes is a distinctive and cosmopolitan genus and the most species-rich in the family. Thirty-four species in two subgenera  are listed by Ogcodes is in need of revision and no recent keys to species have been published for the region. The most recent revision of the genus was by Ogcodes is a derived genus with a typical globose body, relatively small head and reduced wing venation. Characters which differentiate Ogcodes from all other Acroceridae genera include antennae proximal to mouthparts, palpi absent, proboscis very short, almost all wing cells absent or poorly formed, eyes apilose and R2+3 absent.Gray, 1832http://species-id.net/wiki/PterodontiaPterodontiaPageBreakPterodontia flavipes Gray, 1832: 779 by monotypy. Gray, 1832: 779 – NothraNothra bicolor Westwood, 1876: 514 by monotypy. Westwood, 1876: 514 –  Synonymy and usage list restricted to Australasian region fauna only.PageBreak, not contiguous below antennal base; palpus absent; proboscis greatly reduced; flagellum stylate, apex with terminal setae (multiple); antenotum shape not collar-like behind head; subscutellum not enlarged, barely visible; tibial spines present; pulvilli present; wing markings absent; costa circumambient; wing costal margin straight or with anterior projection PageBreak; humeral crossvein present or reduced; radial veins curved or angled towards wing anterior margin; R1 inflated distally at pterostigma ; pterostigma and cell r1 membranous, not ribbed; R2+3 present; R4+5 present as single vein; basal cell r4+5  merged with discal cell to form composite cell comprising d+r4+5; cell m3 absent; medial vein compliment usually a single M vein fused with CuA1, petiolate to margin, sometimes with second medial vein originating from cell d+r4+5; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate, rarely open to wing margin; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula present or absent, rarely well developed; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded; abdomen shape greatly rounded, inflated.Body length: 3.0–7.0 mm [male], 4.0–10.0 mm [female]. Body shape not arched. Body colouration non-metallic; head much narrower than thorax width; shape nearly spherical; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; three ocelli; posterior margin of eye rounded; eye pilose (dense); antennae located adjacent to mouthparts; eyes contiguous above antennal basePterodontia davisi Paramonov, 1957; Pterodontia longisquama Sabrosky, 1947; Pterodontia melliiPterodontia variegata White, 1914 syn. n.).PageBreakPageBreakPterodontia is a cosmopolitan genus containing 19 valid species, three of which are recorded from the Australasian region  based on colouration of the fore femur, scutellum and abdomen. n region . PterodoPterodontia have greatly enlarged and sclerotized lower calypters, appearing somewhat like a second pair of wings (e.g. Pterodontia davisi). Males in this genus typically have sclerotized projections on the costal margin of the wing. Characteristics which diagnose this genus from other acrocerids include head very small relative to thorax width, tibial spines present, cells m3, d and basal r4+5 fused to form a single cell, eyes densely pilose, antennae adjacent to the ocellar tubercle and mouthparts reduced. PageBreakContrary to other authors, Pterodontia has been placed previously in Panopinae by Pterodontia is unique among acrocerids.Some species of


Prognostic indicators for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are under investigation. The latest risk classification criteria may still have room for improvement. This study aims to investigate prognostic factors for primary GISTs from three aspects, including clinicopathological parameters, immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PTEN, and Ki-67 labeling index (LI), and attempts to find valuable predictors for the malignancy potential of primary GISTs.Tumor samples and clinicopathological data from 84 patients with primary GISTs after R0 resection were obtained. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed based on tissue microarray (TMA) to estimate expression of PTEN and Ki-67 in tumor cells.P = 0.009), non-gastric tumor location (P = 0.001), large tumor size (P = 0.022), high mitotic index (P < 0.001), high cellularity (P = 0.012), tumor rupture (P = 0.013), absent or low expression of PTEN (P = 0.036), and Ki-67 LI >1% (P = 0.043). Gastrointestinal bleeding  was a negative independent risk predictor in multivariate analysis, in addition to tumor size (P = 0.023), and mitotic index (P = 0.002). In addition, GI bleeding showed a good ability to predict recurrence potential, when included in our re-modified risk stratification criteria.The cut-off point of Ki-67 LI was determined as 1%, using a receiver operator characteristic test with a sensitivity of 71.7% and a specificity of 64.5%. Univariate analysis demonstrated the following factors as poor prognostic indicators for relapse-free survival (RFS) against a median follow-up of 40.25 months: gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (This study suggests that GI bleeding is an independent predictor of poor prognosis for RFS in primary GISTs. Expression of PTEN and Ki-67 are correlated with high risk potential and may predict early recurrence in univariate analysis. First, this is a retrospective study with a limited sample size of study population and a large proportion of censored cases. Secondly, the study was conducted in one single tertiary hospital. Thus, a larger scale, multicenter prospective study with longer-term follow-up investigation is warranted. Finally, the inability of TMA approach to detect all information of tumor samples might cause bias . DespiteThe current NIH consensus criteria remain a stable and practical predicting tool in primary GISTs risk classification. We found that GI bleeding was an independent prognostic indicator for poor RFS in patients with primary GISTs treated with surgery alone. We proposed that the current NIH consensus criteria could be improved by including this important clinical manifestation. Whether absent or low expression of PTEN, and Ki-67 LI higher than 1% could add independently to the prognostication of GISTs should be further investigated in a larger series.AFIP: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; CI: confidence interval; DAB: 3,3′-diaminobenzidine; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; FFPE: formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; GI: gastrointestinal; GIST: gastrointestinal stromal tumor; H & E: hematoxylin and eosin; ICC: interclass correlation coefficient; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IM: imatinib mesylate; LI: labeling index; NIH: National Institutes of Health; NJPH: Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PDGFRA: platelet derived growth factor receptor α; PIP3: phosphoinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10; RFS: relapse-free survival; ROC: receiver operator characteristic; TMA: tissue microarray.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.HW, PC, WZ, XXL, LS, XWG, CRZ and LZ participated in the conception and design of the study. HW, PC and LS collected clinical information. HW, XWG and CRZ reviewed all the histological diagnoses, histological grading, selected and marked the slides for TMA construction. HW, XXL and LS performed the experiments. HW performed the statistical analysis. WZ, LS and HHZ contributed reagents, materials, and analysis tools. HW and PC drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


AbstractIxodes is the best represented genus, with seven species recorded. Haemaphysalis is represented by six species, followed by Rhipicephalus with four species. Dermacentor and Hyalomma are represented by two species each. The ticks were collected on 47 different host species. Eleven tick species were collected on Bos taurus and Ovis aries, followed by Capra hircus and Equus caballus with 8 species and Canis lupus familiaris with 6 species. On the remaining 42 host species one, two or three tick species were collected. The most widespread tick is Ixodes ricinus which was found on 25 different host species.The present paper is based on original and literature data. In Croatia the first studies on the occurrence of ixodid species were made about 80 years ago. The number of tick species recorded in Croatia considerably increased during the 1950s, 60s, 70s and 80s of the past century. A total of 21 species of hard tick belonging to 5 genera have been recorded in Croatia.  Ixodidae) are obligate hematophaguos ectoparasites and important vectors of viruses, bacteria and protozoa , whereas the second locality was in open biotopes on grassland. In the veterinary clinic in Đakovo (BR 92), ticks were sampled from dogs during vaccination or during normal veterinary examinations, while sampling from cats was performed in the village of Zmajevac (CR 37). Also, some ticks were sampled from humans in the village of Zmajevac. Identification was carried out using standard keys for European ticks (http://www.faunaeur.org ) and http://www.itis.usda.gov/index.html ) for livestock.PageBreakThe following lists of species include all available literary records and new, still unpublished data. The samplings of ticks in Slavonia and Baranja were carried out during 2011 from the beginning of March to mid-September. Ticks were sampled by the flagging method, and were picked by hand from domestic animals and humans. The flagging method was used for tick sampling in two different vegetation types around the village of Mikleuš (YL 15). A 1 man ticks . The namChordataPhylum: VertebrataSubphylum: MammaliaClass: ArtiodactylaOrder: BovidaeFamily: Bos Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758Dermacentor marginatus , Dermacentor reticulatus , Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878, Haemaphysalis inermis Birula, 1895, Hyalomma scupense Schulze, 1919, Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844, Rhipicephalus annulatus , Rhipicephalus bursa Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878, Rhipicephalus sanguineus , Ixodes hexagonus Leach, 1815, Ixodes ricinus Tick species: Capra Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Capra hircus Dermacentor marginatus, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis sulcata Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878, Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus Pomerantsev, 1940, Ixodes ricinusTick species: Ovis Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758Dermacentor marginatus, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis inermis, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Hyalomma scupense, Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Ixodes gibbosus Nuttal, 1916, Ixodes ricinusTick species: CervidaeFamily: Capreolus Gray, 1821Genus: Capreolus capreolus Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Ixodes ricinusTick species: CarnivoraOrder: CanidaeFamily: Canis Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Canis aureus Rhipicephalus sanguineusTick species: Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758Dermacentor marginatus, Haemaphysalis inermis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes ricinusTick species: MustelidaeFamily: Martes Pinel, 1792Genus: Martes foina Ixodes frontalis Tick species: Martes martes Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes ricinusTick species: FelidaeFamily: Felis Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Ixodes ricinusTick species: ChiropteraOrder: RhinolophidaeFamily: Rhinolophus Lacepede, 1799Genus: Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Ixodes vespertilionis Koch, 1844Tick species: Rhinolophus hipposideros Ixodes vespertilionisTick species: VespertilionidaeFamily: Miniopterus Bonaparte, 1837Genus: Miniopterus schreibersii Ixodes vespertilionisTick species: Myotis Kaup, 1829Genus: Myotis myotis Ixodes vespertilionisTick species: InsectivoraOrder: ErinaceidaeFamily: Erinaceus Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Erinaceus concolor Martin, 1838PageBreakIxodes hexagonusTick species: Erinaceus europaeus Linnaeus, 1758Hyalomma marginatumTick species: SoricidaeFamily: Neomys Kaup, 1829Genus: Neomys sp.Ixodes trianguliceps Birula, 1895Tick species: Sorex Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Sorex alpinus Schinz, 1837Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: PerissodactylaOrder: EquidaeFamily: Equus Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Equus asinus Linnaeus, 1758Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes ricinusTick species: Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis punctata, Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes ricinusTick species: RodentiaOrder: MuridaeFamily: Apodemus Kaup, 1829Genus: Apodemus agrarius Dermacentor marginatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: Apodemus flavicollis Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: Apodemus mystacinus Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: Apodemus sylvaticus Dermacentor marginatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: PageBreakGenus: Clethrionomys Tilesius, 1850Clethrionomys glareolus Dermacentor marginatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: Microtus, Schrank, 1798Genus: Microtus arvalis Dermacentor marginatusTick species: PrimatesOrder: HominidaeFamily: Homo Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758Ixodes ricinusTick species: AvesClass: ApodiformesOrder: ApodidaeFamily: Tachymarptis Genus: Tachymarptis melba Haemaphysalis erinacei Pavesi, 1884Tick species: FalconiformesOrder: AccipitridaeFamily: Buteo Lacepede, 1799Genus: Buteo buteo Ixodes ricinusTick species: PasseriformesOrder: CorvidaeFamily: Pica Brisson, 1760Genus: Pica pica Ixodes ricinusTick species: BombycillidaeFamily: Bombycilla Vieillot, 1808Genus: Bombycilla garrulus PageBreakIxodes frontalisTick species: SaxicolidaeFamily: Luscinia Forster, 1817Genus: Luscinia megarhynchos C.L. Brehm 1831Ixodes ricinusTick species: Phoenicurus Forster, 1817Genus: Phoenicurus ochruros Ixodes frontalisTick species: TurdidaeFamily: Turdus Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758Ixodes arboricola Schulze and Schlottke, 1930, Ixodes ricinusTick species: Turdus philomelos C. L. Brehm, 1831Ixodes ricinusTick species: MotacillidaeFamily: Anthus Bechstein, 1805Genus: Anthus trivialis Ixodes ricinusTick species: Motacilla Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758Haemaphysalis punctataTick species: SylviidaeFamily: Cettia Bonaparte, 1834Genus: Cettia cetti Ixodes ricinusTick species: ReptiliaClass: SquamataOrder: LacertidaeFamily: Lacerta Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Lacerta bilineata Daudin, 1802Haemaphysalis concinnaTick species: Lacerta trilineata Bedriaga, 1886Haemaphysalis sulcataTick species: Lacerta viridis Haemaphysalis sulcataTick species: Dalmatolacerta Arnold, Arribas & Carranza, 2007Genus: Dalmatolacerta oxycephala Haemaphysalis sulcataTick species: Podarcis Wagler, 1830Genus: Podarcis melisellensis Haemaphysalis concinna, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Ixodes ricinusTick species: Podarcis muralis Haemaphysalis concinnaTick species: Podarcis sicula Haemaphysalis sulcata, Ixodes ricinusTick species: Algyroides Genus: Algyroides nigropunctatus Haemaphysalis concinna, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Ixodes ricinusTick species: ColubridaeFamily: Elaphe Fitzinger, 1833Genus: Elaphe longissima Haemaphysalis concinnaTick species: http://www.google.com/earth/index.html , http://www.worldplaces.net , http://www.plsavez.hr ).PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakSampling sites are identified by a running number referring to the map in Dermacentor Koch, 1844, Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844, Hyalomma Koch, 1844, Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844, and Ixodes Latreille, 1795. The genera Dermacentor and Hyalomma are represented by a two species, followed by Rhipicephalus with four species, Haemaphysalis with six species,and Ixodes with seven species. While studying the territory of Slavonia and Baranja during 2011, a total of 1425 ticks were collected. All the collected ticks were classified into 5 species. The identified species were classified into the following genera: Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis and Ixodes. Ixodes ricinus made up 83.44% of the tick fauna in the researched area, while 16.56% were representatives of other species.The tick fauna of Croatia is now known to include 21 species. These species are classified into five genera: For every species are mentioned, sex, developmental stage , sampling place, month or date, host and data source.Family IXODIDAE Murray, 1877GenusDermacentor Koch 1844Dermacentor marginatus 1. Ovis aries ♂♂, ♀♀ Kaštela, month: VI. 1936–1963 from PageBreak♂♂, ♀♀ Split, months: I. II. III. IV.V.VI. XI. XII. 1936–1963 from Ovis aries, Equus caballus, Bos taurus  1.VIII. 1975 from lvaticus Ovis aries ♂♂, ♀♀ Kaštela Bay, month: X.2000 from Ovis aries, Capra hircus, Bos taurus 2. Equus caballus, Bos taurus ♂♂, ♀♀ Kaštela Bay, month: X.2000 from Ovis aries, Capra hircus, Bos taurus 8. ♂♂, ♀♀ Brač Island: GenusHyalomma Koch, 1844Hyalomma scupense Schulze, 19199. Ovis aries, Bos taurus ♂♂, ♀♀ Kaštela Bay, month: X. 2000 from Ovis aries, Capra hircus, Bos taurus 11. Bos taurus 13. Ovis aries ♂♂, ♀♀ ibidem: 28.III. , 27.IV., 1.VI., 4.VI. 1965 from ♂♂, ♀♀ ibidem: Canis lupus familiaris ♀ Slano (Dubrovnik) 10.V.1953 from Ovis aries (Tovornik and Vesenjak -Hirjan 1988)♂♂, ♀♀ Ugljan Island: Kali 9.–20.V.1955 from Ovis aries ♂♂, ♀♀ Mljet Island: Babino polje 8.–9.IV.1981, 16.–17.V. 1981 from Capra hircus, Ovis aries, Canis lupus familiaris, Equus asinus ♂♂, ♀♀ Ugljan Island: Kali 9.–20.V.1955 from Ovis aries ♂♂, ♀ Dugi otok Island: 29.IV.1986 from Capra hircus and other domestic animals 16. PageBreak♀ Velebit mountain: Donja Klada, 1975 from Martes foina 19. Ovis aries  1.VIII.1975 from lvaticus ♂♂, ♀♀ Istra: Učka mountain PageBreakLL ibidem: 12.VII. 1969 from Apodemus flavicollis  occurred on horses in the greatest number in the territory of northwestern Croatia. He considered that the name Dermacentor pictus was a valid name, while the name Dermacentor reticulatus was synonymous. Dermacentor reticulatus correctly, applying the principle of priority which is commonly accepted in zoological nomenclature. Hyalomma  detritum Schulze, 1919 is a synonym for the species Hyalomma  scupense Schulze, 1919. Because of that, Hyalomma  detritum Schulze 1919 is not included in the list of Croatian tick fauna although it was reported in several papers. Furthermore, seven species Rhipicephalus annulatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis concinna, Haemaphysalis inermis, Haemaphysalis parva, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes vespertilionis were not previously included in the previous compilations of ticks for the Croatian fauna on the website of Fauna Europaea. However, some of these species were recorded from several localities in Croatia (Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor marginatus were the most common species. According to Ixodes ricinus in the field collections throughout Europe seems to be a general trend. The tick fauna of Mikleuš in Slavonia fully corresponds to the tick fauna in Prekmurje and in central Slovenia (Ixodes ricinus is a common reservoir and the usual vector of Borelia burgdorferisensu lato and a variety of other pathogens infecting humans (PageBreakobtained on the geographical distribution of Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis concinna and Ixodes hexagonus because the specimens of these species had not been found previously in eastern Croatia. Only Dermacentor marginatus was noted in 1955 in Baranja, in the territory of eastern Croatia (Creating a list of ticks present in the Croatian fauna is somewhat complicated because the territory of Croatia was formerly part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and later part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Before the disintegration of Yugoslavia, nearly all of the records were simply summarized as being from Yugoslavia and the faunas of the new European states were not differentiated. For instance,  Croatia , 1991b.  Croatia , whereas Croatia , five ofSlovenia . In mostg humans . Finally Croatia .


There was an error in the title of the article. The correct title is:3D Quantification of Tumor Vasculature in Lymphoma Xenografts in NOD/SCID Mice Allows to Detect Differences among Vascular-Targeted TherapiesThe correct citation is:Righi M, Giacomini A, Cleris L, Carlo-Stella C (2013) 3D Quantification of Tumor Vasculature in Lymphoma Xenografts in NOD/SCID Mice Allows to Detect Differences among Vascular-Targeted Therapies. PLoS ONE 8(3): e59691. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059691


Unfortunately, it can produce unwanted side effects in various tissues, including the liver. The present study investigated the possible protective role of curcumin and α-tocopherol against oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in rats upon cisplatin treatment.Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 5). Saline and Cis groups, rats were intraperitoneal (i.p.) injected with normal saline and cisplatin [20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)], respectively. Cis + α-tocopherol group, Cis + Cur group and Cis + α-tocopherol + Cur group, rats were pre-treated with a single dose of α-tocopherol (250 mg/kg b.w.), curcumin (200 mg/kg b.w.) and combined α-tocopherol with curcumin, respectively, for 24 h prior the administration of cisplatin. After 72 h of first injection, specimens were collected. Liver enzyme, lipid peroxidation biomarker, liver histopathology and gene expression of liver nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase were investigated.Cisplatin revealed a significant increase of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a significant reduction of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities compared to the saline group. It elicited a marked increase of the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and demonstrated the liver pathologies including liver congestion, disorganization of hepatic cords and ground glass appearance of hepatocytes. It also demonstrated a significant increase of NADPH oxidase gene expression compared to saline group. Pre-treatment with combined curcumin and α-tocopherol improved the liver enzymes, lipid peroxidation biomarker, liver histopathology and gene expression of liver NADPH oxidase in cisplatin-treated rats.The findings indicate that pre-treatment with combined curcumin and α-tocopherol can protect cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity including the biochemical, histological and molecular aspects. The down-regulations of NADPH oxidase gene expression may be involved in abrogating oxidative stress via reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Curcoperties . Moreoveoperties . Additiooperties . This stoperties ,29.Alpha-tocopherol is an isoform of lipid-soluble vitamin E which acts as a powerful antioxidant ,31. The We suggest that oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancing ROS generation through up-regulation of NADPH oxidase gene and by reducing activities of enzymatic antioxidants. These findings indicate that pre-treatment with combined curcumin and α-tocopherol can protect cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity including biochemical, histological and molecular aspects. The study provides the evidence of combined curcumin and α-tocopherol as the new adjuvant of cisplatin to abrogate the hepatotoxicity upon cancer chemotherapy.cis-Diammineplatinum (II) dichloride; Cr(VI): hexavalent chromium; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; H&E: Hematoxylin and eosin; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide; i.p: Intraperitoneal; LSD: Least significant difference; MDA: Malondialdehyde; MgCl2: Magnesium chloride; NaCl: Sodium chloride; NADPH oxidase: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; O2: Superoxide radical; OH: Hydroxyl radical; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; RNA: Ribonucleic acid; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; RT-PCR: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; S.E.M.: Standard error of the mean; SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TBA: Thiobarbituric acid; TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ANOVA: Analysis of variance, AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; b.w: Body weight; BHT: Butylated hydroxytoluene; BSA: Bovine serum albumin; Cisplatin: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.SP conceived this study, and designed the experiments and performed most of the experiments. CP contributed to the liver histology analysis. PK carried out the liver SOD and catalase analysis. All authors analyzed the data, and discussed and concluded the results. SP and PS provided final editing to the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/14/111/prepub


Radiol Oncol 2012; 46(2): 166–169.doi:10.2478/v10019-012-0019-xThe first and family names of the authors were not quoted adequately. The correct author’s first and given names are: Lino Del Pup, Vincenzo Canzonieri, Diego Serraino, Elio Campagnutta.


Galleria" was misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: "LPS Structure and PhoQ Activity Are Important for Salmonella Typhimurium Virulence in the Galleria mellonella Infection Model." The term "Salmonella Typhimurium Virulence in the Galleria mellonella Infection Model. PLoS ONE 8(8): e73287. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073287 The correct citation is: Bender JK, Wille T, Blank K, Lange A, Gerlach RG (2013) LPS Structure and PhoQ Activity Are Important for