PRNP and its homologues, shadow of prion protein gene SPRN and doppel gene PRND, and prion testis-specific gene PRNT so far.The homologues of human disease genes are expected to contribute to better understanding of physiological and pathogenic processes. We made use of the present availability of vertebrate genomic sequences, and we have conducted the most comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of the prion protein gene SPRN and PRNP homologues are present in all vertebrates, PRND is known in tetrapods, and PRNT is present in primates. PRNT could be viewed as a TE-associated gene. Using human as the base sequence for genomic sequence comparisons (VISTA), we annotated numerous potential cis-elements. The conserved regions in SPRNs harbour the potential Sp1 sites in promoters , C-rich intron splicing enhancers and PTB intron splicing silencers in introns , and hsa-miR-34a sites in 3'-UTRs (eutherians). We showed the conserved PRNP upstream regions, which may be potential enhancers or silencers . In the PRNP 3'-UTRs, there are conserved cytoplasmic polyadenylation element sites . The PRND core promoters include highly conserved CCAAT, CArG and TATA boxes . We deduced 42 new protein primary structures, and performed the first phylogenetic analysis of all vertebrate prion genes. Using the protein alignment which included 122 sequences, we constructed the neighbour-joining tree which showed four major clusters, including shadoos, shadoo2s and prion protein-likes (cluster 1), fish prion proteins (cluster 2), tetrapode prion proteins (cluster 3) and doppels (cluster 4). We showed that the entire prion protein conformationally plastic region is well conserved between eutherian prion proteins and shadoos (18–25% identity and 28–34% similarity), and there could be a potential structural compatibility between shadoos and the left-handed parallel beta-helical fold.While the bona fide cis-elements. However, this idea needs to be confirmed by functional assays in transgenic systems.It is likely that the conserved genomic elements identified in this analysis represent  C and may fold into the compact conformation enciphering features of prions PrPSc  and western clawed frog [EMBL:BN000849], 10 Dpls which were from rhesus macaque [EMBL:BN000886], white-tufted-ear marmoset [EMBL:BN001002], horse [EMBL:BN000997], bottle-nosed dolphin [EMBL:BN001001], western European hedgehog [EMBL:BN000998], little brown bat [EMBL:BN001000], African elephant [EMBL:BN000999], small Madagascar hedgehog [EMBL:BN000889], Hoffmann's two-fingered sloth [EMBL:BN000991] and gray short-tailed opossum [EMBL:BN000887]. We aligned these sequences with the 6 Shos, 4 Sho2s, 3 PrP-likes, 4 PrP2s, 7 PrP1s, 47 PrPs and 12 Dpls, as well with the potential western clawed frog Dpl , and performed phylogenetic analysis.From the available genomic sequences, cDNAs and ESTs ,27,28, wUsing the neighbour joining (NJ) method, we constructed the first phylogenetic tree including all prion genes Figure . The proThe present Sho dataset enabled us to better define the extent of sequence conservation between PrPs and Shos. Along the entire PrP conformationally plastic region , there iWe threaded the conserved sequences from several Shos onto the left-handed parallel β-helical sequence 3D profile Table . There ibona fide cis-elements. However, this idea needs to be confirmed by functional assays in transgenic systems.It is likely that the conserved genomic elements identified in this analysis represent SPRN and adjacent genes from human (VEGA:10:135081619:135169358 from VEGA), chimpanzee (CHIMP2.1:10:134664772:134840875 from Ensembl), rhesus macaque , small eared galago , mouse (NCBIM36:7:139977004:140082456 from Ensembl), rat (RGSC3.4:1:199910407:200064500 from Ensembl), rabbit , cow (Btau_3.1:26:46850000:46960000 from Ensembl), dog , little brown bat , gray short-tailed opossum (BROADO3:1:562720743:563122104 from Ensembl), chicken (WASHUC2:6:10486826:10506320 from Ensembl), western clawed frog (JGI4.1:scaffold_502:494972:606518 from Ensembl), fugu (FUGU4:scaffold_24: 866033:880929), spotted green pufferfish (TETRAODON7:17:4621488:4636712 from Ensembl), Japanese medaka , three-spine stickleback  and zebrafish . In the sequences, TEs were masked using the slow speed RepeatMasker mode  (tags CCCCAGGGCA or CCCCAGGGCACTGAGGG) or the mouse Sprn cDNA [GenBank:BC056484] (tags ATGAAACTTT or ATGAAACTTTGTCTGAA) as queries. In order to avoid the sequencing error bias, a tag count was accepted only if counted at least twice in a library.The Human_EST, Mouse_EST and EST_others EST libraries in NCBI were searched using available SPRN gene including 1.1 kb of its upstream genomic sequence (the distance between putative transcription start site and the first upstream TE) with the other 17 SPRN genes and their flanking intergenic sequences, which were each extracted from the long genomic sequences described above. We used alignments between human and species other than primates to define the conserved SPRN regions. Gene regions conserved above the cutoff values for VISTA were manually extracted, aligned, inspected and edited using BioEdit , Trichosurus vulpecular [GenBank:AAA61833], Macropus eugenii [GenBank:AAT68002], Gallus gallus [GenBank:NP_990796], Columba rupestris [GenBank:AAF73436], Anas platyrhynchos [GenBank:AAF82604], Tyto alba [GenBank:AAD47049], Vultur gryphus [GenBank:AAD47045], Pachyptila turtur [GenBank:AAD47050], Pelodiscus sinensis [GenBank:BAC66701], Trachemys scripta [GenBank:CAB81568], Xenopus laevis [GenBank:CAC86159]) and a subset of Dpls . The protein sequences were aligned using the ClustalW program implemented in BioEdit. The alignments were inspected and manually corrected, and they include both complete and incomplete sequences. We used MEGA3 [BN000995], so that the NJ tree includes 122 sequences.Using the public genomic sequences, as well as ESTs and cDNAs ,27,28, wian PrPs  and a suWe threaded the potential Sho plastic region sequences onto the left-handed parallel β-helical sequence 3D profile ; Mt, Macaca mulatta.  Ppa, Pongo pygmaeus abelii; Pt, Pan troglodytes;  *, sequence annotated in this study.Click here for file


Correction to:Molecular Psychiatry (2017) advance online publication 14 February 2017; doi:10.1038/mp.2017.5Following publication of this paper, the authors noticed a mistake in


Single-cell gene expression patterns in lupus monocytes independently indicate disease activity, interferon and therapy. Lupus Sci Med 2017;4:e000202. doi:10.1136/lupus-2016-000202Jin Z, Fan W, Jensen MA, Two corrections have been made for this article.The authors Zhongbo Jin and Wei Fan are joint first authors and contributed equally to the manuscript.Figure 3 is not correct in the published article. The correct Figure 3 is shown below.Figure 3: Hierarchical clustering of non-classical monocytes from patients and controls, with tracks indicating individuals, IFN score, SLEDAI score and prednisone usage. Each single cell forms a single row, and each column corresponds to an individual gene. All non-classical cells and genes are shown. Lower right corner inset shows heat map colour scheme key, with units indicating the delta CT values for each transcript. Colour codes for the data columns: Subject—white: healthy subjects; each colour represents one subject with SLE; interferon (IFN) score—darker green means higher IFN score; systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score—red: SLEDAI ≥10; pink: SLEDAI 3 to 6; white: SLEDAI 0 to 2; prednisone—dark blue: 20 mg/day; light blue: less than 10 mg/day; white: no prednisone. Black horizontal bars demarcate groups of cells that correspond to controls, high IFN, high SLEDAI and high-dose prednisone.


Bladder stones account for ~5% of all urinary tract stones and are associated with bladder outlet obstruction, neurogenic or augmented bladders, infection or foreign bodies. Small bladder stones can be managed efficiently by transurethral methods and larger stones by open or laparoscopic approaches. However, the optimal management of multiple intermediate sized stones is controversial. Options include cystolithotomy (open or laparoscopic) and endoscopic cystolithotripsy either via a transurethral, percutaneous or combined approach using holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser, ultrasonic or pneumatic cystolithotripsy , 2. WhenChoi and Bae  present David J. Hernandez, MDAssociate Professor of UrologyDirector, USF Urology Clinic SouthUrologic Malignancies, Robotic Surgery, BPH & UrolithiasisChief of Urology, Tampa General Hospital2 Tampa General Circle, STC 6th floorTampa, FL 33606, USAFax: +1 813 250-2279dhernan3@health.usf.eduE-mail:


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 4015410.1038/srep40154; published online: 01052017; updated: 04112017In this Article, Jung-jae Kim is incorrectly listed as being affiliated with ‘1 Fusionopolis Way, #21–01 Connexis (South Tower), 138632, Singapore’.The correct affiliation is listed below:Institute for Infocomm Research, Data Analytics Department, 138632, Singapore.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 39169; 10.1038/srep39169 published online: 12152016; updated: 09152017.This Article contains errors. In Equation 1,should read:In the Results section, the subheading ‘Detection using the multi-variate method and no filter (TfC0)’ should read:‘Detection using the multi-variate method and no filter (TfNo)’.


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 4157010.1038/srep41570; published online: 02082017; updated: 03282017This Article contains a typographical error in the Methods section, under the subheading “Library construction, RNA Sequencing and RNASeq analysis”, where:50 (https://github.com/PriceLab/snapr) against the GRCh38 genome assembly, along with the transcriptome assembly gtf file from Ensembl, GRCh38.75”.“The fastq files were aligned using the default parameters of SNAPRshould read:50 (https://github.com/PriceLab/snapr) against the GRCm38 genome assembly, along with the transcriptome assembly gtf file from Ensembl, GRCm38”.“The fastq files were aligned using the default parameters of SNAPR


Health effects of home energy efficiency interventions in England: a modelling study. BMJ Open 2015;5:e007298. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007298Hamilton I, Milner J, Chalabi ZSome text was missed out of the Acknowledgements in the original paper. The full Acknowledgement statement should read:Acknowledgements The following persons were involved in the initial 2009 ‘Health impact of energy efficiency’ DECC funded project—LSHTM: Hutchinson E; Sheffield Hallam University: Wilson I, Green G, Gilbertson J, Stafford B; Warwick University: Ormandy D; Ulster University: Liddell C, Morris C; UCL: Ian Ridley. Ian Ridley was also involved in the subsequent 2012 funded work, developing core parts of the pollutant module.


The correct name is: Rabiah Badar. The correct citation is: Mumtaz S, Khan L, Ahmed S, Badar R (2017) Indirect adaptive soft computing based wavelet-embedded control paradigms for WT/PV/SOFC in a grid/charging station connected hybrid power system. PLoS ONE 12(9): e0183750. The affiliation for the fourth author is incorrect. Rabiah Badar is not affiliated with #1 but with #2 Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3277010.1038/srep32770; published online: 09062016; updated: 10202015The Acknowledgments section of this Article contains a typographical error, where:“Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP) (#NRF-2011-0013927)”should read“Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP) (#NRF-2011-0030105)”.


In the article “FROM COMPLEX EVOLVING TO SIMPLE: CURRENT REVISIONAL AND ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES FOLLOWING BARIATRIC SURGERY”, with the number of DOI: /10.1590/0102-6720201600S10031, published in the periodical Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva, 29 (Suppl 1): 128- 133, on page 128:Where it read:Received for publication: 02/16/2016Accepted for publication: 6/2/2016Read:Received for publication: 8/16/2016Accepted for publication: 02/10/2016On page 132, it was added after completion:ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:This review has been published in part in the German language to disseminate the current topic to the public who speaks foreign languages more widely.On page 133, a reference number 66 was added:66. Zorron R, Bothe C, Junghans T, Pratschke J, Benzing C, Krenzien F. [Conversational and endoscopic procedures after bariatric surgery]. Chirurg. 2016 out; 87 (10): 857-64. Doi: 10.1007 / s00104-016-0277-z. German. PubMed PMID: 27566189.In the article “FOOD INTOLERANCES AND ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING FOBI-CAPELLA TECHNIQUE WITHOUT GASTRIC RING”, with the number of DOI: /10.1590/S0102-67202015000100010 published in the periodical Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva, 28 (1): 36- 39, on page 36:Inclusion of author:Cinthia Karla Rodrigues do Monte GuedesIn the article “HEREDITARY DIFFUSE GASTRIC CANCER: LAPAROSCOPIC SURGICAL APPROACH ASSOCIATED TO RARE MUTATTION OF CDH1 GENE151, on page 149:Where it read:Rafaella HigashiRead:Rafaella Ribas MuratoriIn the article “IMMUNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS SUBMITTED TO METABOLIC SURGERY", with the number of DOI: /10.1590/S0102-6720201500040012 published in the periodical Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva, 28 (4): 266-269, page 266:Where it read:Financial source: noneRead:Financial source: Foundation for Research Support of the State of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)In the article “EFFECT OF THE INGESTION OF THE PALM OIL AND GLUTAMINE IN SERUM LEVELS OF GLP-1, PYY AND GLYCEMIA IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO METABOLIC SURGERY”, with the number of DOI: /10.1590/S0102-6720201400S100013 published no. Journal of the Brazilian Archives of Digestive Surgery, 27 (Suppl 1): 51-55, on page 51:Where it read:Financial source: noneRead:Financial source: Foundation for Research Support of the State of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)


Nature Communications7: Article number: 12862; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12862 (2016); Published: 09272016; Updated: 08302017In Supplementary Fig. 7 of this Article, graphs presenting 6-PFK kinetics in panel d were inadvertently duplicated from those in panel c. The correct version of Supplementary Fig. 7 appears below as


Escherichia coli (STEC) is one of the major foodborne pathogens. Having observed the wide distribution of this pathogen in wild deer, we report here the draft genome sequence of five STEC strains isolated from wild deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Hokkaido, Japan.Shiga toxin-producing  Escherichia coli (STEC) represents a major issue for public health because of its capability to cause large outbreaks and the severity of the associated illnesses (–Cervus nippon yesoensis) inhabiting Hokkaido, Japan, between 2011 and 2016. Genomic DNA of the five strains were sequenced by single-end sequencing with an Ion Torrent PGM sequencer , resulting in an average coverage of 139×. Raw reads were trimmed and de novo assembled using CLC Genomics Workbench v 9.0 . The parameters for trimming were as follows: ambiguous limit, 2; quality limit, 0.05; number of 5′-terminal nucleotides, 20; number of 3′-terminal nucleotides, 5. The parameters for the de novo assembly were as follows: mapping mode, create simple contig sequences (fast); bubble size, 50; word size, 21; minimum contig length, 1,000 bp; perform scaffolding, no; autodetect paired distances, yes.Shiga toxin-producing llnesses . Epidemillnesses , but willlnesses –5. Recenlnesses – have madlnesses –, we obtaN50, 140,330 bp on average) and an average G+C content of 45.5% to 50.7%. The genome was annotated by the RAST server  and slide agglutination testing.Their sequence types (ST) and serotypes were also identified as follows: ST32/O145:NM (11226), ST446/OUT:HUT (11229), ST11/O157:H7 (11247), ST32/O145:NM (15821), and ST5597/OUT:HUT (16309), by multilocus sequence type (MLST) 1.8 . Since eae-negative STEC also cause human illness  contained BDLI01000000 (11226), BDLJ01000000 (11229), BDLK01000000 (11247), BDLL01000000 (15821), and BDLM01000000 (16309). The versions described in this paper are the first versions, BDLI01000000 (11226), BDLJ01000000 (11229), BDLK01000000 (11247), BDLL01000000 (15821), and BDLM01000000 (16309).This whole-genome shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the GenBank accession numbers


The correct name is: van Beek N. The correction citation is: van den Noort JC, Kortier HG, van Beek N, Veeger DHEJ, Veltink PH (2016) Measuring 3D Hand and Finger Kinematics—A Comparison between Inertial Sensing and an Opto-Electronic Marker System. PLoS ONE 11(11): e0164889.


The publisher apologizes for the error.The last author’s name is listed incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation is: Hassan MS, Awasthi N, Li J, Schwarz MA, Schwarz RE, von Holzen U (2017) A novel intraperitoneal metastatic xenograft mouse model for survival outcome assessment of esophageal adenocarcinoma. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0171824.


Nature Communications8 Article: 14013 ; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14013 (2017); Published 01172017; Updated 08142017‘In the References section of this Article, the citation listed as reference 17 is incorrect, and should have referred to the following paper:et al. COSMIC: exploring the world's knowledge of somatic mutations in human cancer. Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Database issue): D805-D811 (2015).’Forbes, S. A.


AbstractColeoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) preserved in Early Miocene amber (ca. 20.4-16.0 mya) from the Dominican Republic: Scelianomacompactasp. n. sec. Franz & Zhang (2017) (henceforth abbreviated as [FZ2017]), Tropirhinuspalpebratussp. n. [FZ2017], and Diaprepesanticussp. n. [FZ2017]. The taxonomic assignment of the amber inclusions is grounded in a preceding phylogenetic analysis by Using syntactic and semantic conventions of the taxonomic concept approach , we descScelianoma Franz and Girón 2009 [FZ2017], Tropirhinus Schoenherr 1823 [FZ2017], and Diaprepes Schoenherr 1823 [FZ2017] - in relation to 2-4 preceding classifications published in 1982-2012. The description of Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017] from Hispaniola is indicative of a more widespread historical range of Scelianoma [FZ2017] than reflected in the extant, southwestern Puerto Rican Scelianomaelydimorpha Franz and Girón 2009 sec. Diaprepesanticus [FZ2017] in Hispaniola during the Early Miocene suggests an eastward directed process of island colonization and likely speciation of members of Diaprepes [FZ2017], given that most extant relatives occur throughout the Lesser Antilles. The herein presented data will facilitate more reliable reconstructions of historical biographic processes thought to have played a prominent role in the diversification of the West Indian and Neotropical mainland broad-nosed weevil lineages.We present detailed images, descriptions, and phylogenetically informed diagnoses for the three new species-level entities, along with logically consistent Region Connection Calculus (RCC-5) alignments of the amended genus-level classifications for  The present study adopts the taxonomic concept approach and conventions of 1.Taxonomic concept labels  sec. 2. Taxonomic names (without the sec. annotation) are used to refer to any or all usages associated with that name. Example: Diaprepesabbreviatus (Linnaeus 1758).3. The term [non-focal] is added to taxonomic names whose meanings are not under scrutiny in the present context, such as names for higher-level or outgroup entities. Example: Entiminae Schoenherr, 1823 [non-focal].For ease of legibility, we abbreviate the often appearing author specifier "sec. Franz & Zhang (2017)" with [FZ2017]. A more expansive justification for these conventions and the associated representations is provided in Coleoptera [non-focal]: Curculionidae [non-focal]: Entiminae [non-focal] - higher-level classification in general accordance with We newly name and describe three species-level concepts of broad-nosed weevils 2. Brodzinsky / López-Penha Collection, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC These inclusions pertain to the Burdigalian time period of the Early Miocene (Neogene), with an estimated age range of 20.44 ± 0.05 Ma (million years ago) to 15.97 ± 0.05 Ma . The speThe herein newly designated type specimens have red "holotype" labels that show the genus name and species epithet, gender symbol, author names, year, and source "sec. Franz & Zhang (2017)" .Imaging. Habitus and detail photographs of the amber-included specimens were produced using either (1) a Leica M205C stereomicroscope, with an attached DFC450 camera, computer, and the Leica Application Suite (LAS) editing software, version 4.1.0.; or (2) a Visionary Digital Passport II sytem and attached Canon EOS Mark 5D II camera. An effort was made to obtain well exposed, fully focused, and scaled images; however the specific conditions of the amber inclusions - including varying optical angles in relation to the amber surface, cracks, and contaminations with non-/organic materials - made this challenging and underscores in importance of assessing the inclusions in person. The images are numbered according to their first appearance in the descriptive section.Digitization. Darwin Core-compliant information and images for each of the amber-included specimens were added to the "Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network" (SCAN) portal (see http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/). This openly accessible portal was also used to generate universally unique identifiers (UUIDs) for the specimens.Morphological analysis. Our descriptive approach follows that of preceding treatments of extant West Indian entimine weevils, in particular Phylogenetic analysis. Inference of the phylogenetic (and hence taxonomic) identity of the specimens was greatly aided by the prior cladistic analysis of In accordance with the preceding analysis , the expFranz & Zhang [FZ2017]sp. n.http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=25836759urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D123834D-3062-4A6E-81C1-886DD594EF11Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ARTSYS0000269; recordNumber: DR-888; recordedBy: Unknown; individualCount: 1; sex: Male; lifeStage: Adult; preparations: Amber inclusion; disposition: SEMC, on loan; otherCatalogNumbers: SEMC339; occurrenceID: 44a28738-bbf7-441d-8343-9adf009eb5b0; Taxon: scientificName: Scelianomacompacta; nameAccordingTo: Franz & Zhang 2017; namePublishedIn: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic . Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic ; Record Level: modified: 24/01/2017 18:31; rights: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/; rightsHolder: University of Kansas; bibliographicCitation: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic ; surface sculpture of pronotum and elytra homogeneously foveate to lacunose, with deep, densely and regularly arranged, subcircular impressions, otherwise rugulose; integument covered with setae and scales, each most apparent on rostrum and legs; setae regularly arranged, dark brown, short and recurvate; scales circular and apparently densely arrangement and light to dark brown, though not well preserved in the type specimen.Mouthparts. Mandibles equilateral, with 5-8 fine setae; mandibular scar positioned apicolaterally, projected. Maxillae with maxillary palps apparently 3-segmented . Labium with prementum cordate, slightly wider than long; labial palps apparently 3-segmented.Rostrum. Length 1.85 mm, rostral/pronotal length ratio 0.6, rostral length/width ratio 2.0 . Rostrum in dorsal view rectangular, anteriorly widened, anterodorsal margin weakly emarginate; epistoma with nasal plate , laterally positioned, separated by distance shorter than anterior-to-posterior length of each eye; outline in lateral profile elliptical , anterior and posterior margins more strongly rounded, and with an anteocular invagination , lacunae somewhat variable in size and arranged in an off-set, honeycomb-like pattern; median sulcus absent. Pronotum in lateral view tubular, slightly arcuate; anterolateral margins straight (without postocular lobe), postocular vibrissae absent. Scutellum exposed by elytra, small, subcircular. Epipleura challenging to observe , though apparently similar to those of Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. Legs. Prothoracic and metathoracic legs each longer than mesothoracic legs, generally similar to those of males of Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. Elytra Fig. . Length/width ratio 2.2; widest near anterior 1.4; anterior margins jointly minimally wider than posterior margin of pronotum, nearly straight; humeri absent; lateral margins slightly angulate: diverging along anterior 1/6, subrectate and slightly converging along posterior 1/6; posterior margins narrowly rounded. Elytra in lateral view with dorsal outline subplane along anterior 5/6, posterior 1/6 with distinctly angled, straight declivity, mesal elytral margin projected along angulation. Elytra with striae I-IX complete, stria X incomplete ; striae wider than intervals; punctures large, deep, foveate to lacunose, subcircular to elliptical, and arranged from stria to stria in an off-set, honeycomb-like pattern; intervals slightly elevanted and rounded.Wings. Absent.Abdomen. Venter with only abdominal ventrites VI and VII visible (and displaced by process of fossilization), each similar in length, and VII with posterior margin widely rounded. Pygidium entirely covered by elytra.Terminalia. Terminalia not unambiguously observed; however, located just to the left side of the amber-included specimen are several displaced, distorted chitinous structures that apparently include the male spiculum gastrale and median lobe in more or less parallel orientation to the remainder of the specimen. Accordingly (with aforementioned caveats), the presumed spiculum gastrale is similar to that of Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. Female. Unknown.Generic placement.Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017] shares with Scelianomaelydimorpha Franz and Girón sec. Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017] and Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. acta FZ207 shares Scelianoma Franz and Girón [FZ2017] include members of Artipus Sahlberg sec. Artipus sec. Scelianoma [FZ2017].Close extant relatives of Scelianoma [FZ2017] is also distinct from other extant Caribbean groups such as Apotomoderes Dejean sec. Melathra Franz sec. Scelianoma sec. Eustylini Larcordaire 1863 [non-focal], but this was not supported in Differential diagnosis.Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017], in addition to being extinct and recorded from Dominican amber, is differentiated from the extant, southwestern Puerto Rico-inhabiting Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017] is valid, then then the posterior region of the median lobe is less arcuate in this species than in Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017] in comparison to Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. The epithet - "thick, firm, compact"  - refersScelianomacompacta [FZ2017] is known only from the examined Dominican amber inclusion  of the Burdigalian time period. The specific mine of origin for this inclusion is unknown.Unknown.Franz & Zhang [FZ2017]sp. n.http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=25836760urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2E8D32B1-D021-4E02-BABE-B494098D4C94Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ARTSYS0000270; recordNumber: Woodruff #9768; recordedBy: R.E. Woodruff; individualCount: 1; sex: Female; lifeStage: Adult; preparations: Amber inclusion; disposition: USNM, on loan; otherCatalogNumbers: USNM505319; occurrenceID: 266d8782-5bf5-4763-b3fa-ea057a3fc55a; Taxon: scientificName: Tropirhinuspalpebratus; nameAccordingTo: Franz & Zhang 2017; namePublishedIn: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic . Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic ; Record Level: modified: 24/01/2017 18:31; rights: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/; rightsHolder: United States National Museum; bibliographicCitation: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic . Labium with prementum cordate, equilateral; labial palps apparently 3-segmented.Rostrum. Length 1.3 mm, rostral/pronotal length ratio 0.8, rostral length/width ratio 1.1. Rostrum in dorsal view equilateral to rectangular, dorsolateral margins nearly straight and distance between them anteriorly gradually widening, anterodorsal margin with a distinct, narrow, V-shaped mesal emargination; epistoma with nasal plate , dorsolaterally positioned, separated by distance similar to anterior-to-posterior length of each eye; outline in lateral profile elliptical , ventral margin less rounded.Thorax. Pronotum in dorsal view equilateral to transverse, weakly convex, length/width ratio 0.85, pronotal/elytral length ratio 0.25; widest near posterior 1/3, lateral margins continuously rounded; surface punctate, with a wide, elliptical median sulcus (or impression) extending along anterior 1/2 of pronotum. Pronotum in lateral view equilateral; anterolateral margins with a small postocular lobe, and dorsad thereof with a tuft of 4-6 slightly longer, anteriorly directed setae . Scutellum exposed by elytra, small, escudate, posterior margins rounded. Epipleura with mespisternum triangular; mesepimeron dorsally oblique truncate; metepisternum linear, anteriorly widened; metepimeron entirely covered by elytron. Prothoracic ventrite with anterior margin widely emarginate; proxocal cavities positioned near mid point, contiguous. Mesothoracic ventrite with plumose-scopiform scales; mesocoxal cavities separeated by distance 1/3 as wide as each mesocoxal cavity. Metathoracic ventrite with median sulcus present as a large, transverse fovea positioned anteriad of posterior margin; metacoxal cavities separated by distance similar to width of each metacoxal cavity. Metendosternite not observed.Legs. Prothoracic and metathoracic legs each slightly longer than mesothoracic legs (mesofemora shortest in comparison), generally similar to those of Diaprepesabbreviatus sec. Elytra. Length/width ratio 1.8; widest near mid region; anterior margins jointly wider than posterior margin of pronotum, slightly sinuate; humeri present, rounded; lateral margins continously rounded, nearly straight in mid region, more strongly converging in along posterior 1/4; posterior edges each with a short, narrowly triangular, ante-apical projection. Elytra in lateral view with dorsal outline subplane along anterior 1/2, thereafter continuously rounded (hence declivity convex), less so along posterior 1/8. Elytra with striae I-IX complete, stria X only apparent along anterior and posterior 1/3; striae similar in width to intervals; punctures separated by distance similar to width of each puncture; intervals slightly and roundly elevated; pale-colored scales and setae covering elytra homogenously, with no maculae apparent.Wings. Present, yet not observed (covered by elytra).Abdomen. Venter with segments III and IV jointed .Male. Unknown.Generic placement.Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] shares with (e.g.) Tropirhinuselegans (Guérin 1847) sec. Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] and Tropirhinuselegans sec. Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] to Tropirhinus [FZ2017].atus FZ207 shares Guérin 187 sec. 4,Tropirhinus [FZ2017] an expanded circumscription in comparison to (e.g.) Tropirhinus sec. Tropirhinusnovemdecimpunctatus (Fabricius 1781) sec. Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] from the other members of Tropirhinus [FZ2017] are frequently homoplasious in this greater lineage of Caribbean entimine weevils  sec. Exophthalmusroseipes (Chevrolat 1876) sec. We thereby assign to see also . MetalliTropirhinus sec. Geonemini Gistel 1856 [non-focal], and this placement is not under taxonomic scrutiny here.Differential diagnosis.Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017], in addition to being extinct and recorded from Dominican amber, is readily distinguished from the extant members of Tropirhinus [FZ2017] by the presence of a small, postocular lobe  and absence of metallic-colored pronotal and elytral maculae. Moreover, the eyes of Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] are more globular and protruded than those of Tropirhinuselegans sec. Tropirhinustredecimpunctutatus (Guérin 1847) sec. Tropirhinusnovemdecimpunctatus sec. Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] shows a smaller, only anteriorly extending pronotal sulcus, in contrast with a larger and more posteriorly extending pronotal impression that is flanked laterally by obtuse, rounded elevations, as present in other members of Tropirhinus [FZ2017]. Members of Pachnaeus sec. Tetrabothynus sec. Compsoricus sec. Exophthalmusquindecimpunctatus sec. Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] in relation to close relatives.The epithet - "eyelid, wink"  - refersTropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] is known only from the examined Dominican amber inclusion  of the Burdigalian time period. The specific mine of origin for this inclusion is unknown.Unknown.Franz & Zhang [FZ2017]sp. n.http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=25836761urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:92E4FDF2-B9E4-4441-AD74-261EDA89E661Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ARTSYS0000271; recordNumber: Woodruff #9774; recordedBy: R.E. Woodruff; individualCount: 1; sex: Female; lifeStage: Adult; preparations: Amber inclusion; disposition: USNM, on loan; otherCatalogNumbers: USNM505325; occurrenceID: 08bb94f8-fddc-4506-b454-34e7d27e5343; Taxon: scientificName: Diaprepesanticus; nameAccordingTo: Franz & Zhang 2017; namePublishedIn: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic . Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic ; Record Level: modified: 24/01/2017 18:31; rights: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/; rightsHolder: United States National Museum; bibliographicCitation: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic  and legs; scales completely covering elytra, small, subcircular, overlapping, apparently predominatly pale in color though interspersed with green metallic scales, particularly along lateral regions of elytra and on the head and legs; setae short and linear, pale yellow, densely and regularly arranged, particularly on pronotum and elytra where setae are recurvate and directed mesally to posteriorly, setae longer, fine, aurate, and suberect on legs.Mouthparts. Mandibles equilateral, asymmetrical, with 6-10 fine setae of variable length; mandibular scar positioned apicolaterally, projected. Maxillae with maxillary palps 3-segmented. Labium with prementum cordate, equilateral; labial palps apparently 3-segmented.Rostrum. Length 1.45 mm, rostral/pronotal length ratio 0.75, rostral length/width ratio 1.8. Rostrum in dorsal view elongate, dorsolateral margins subparallel and weakly arcuate along posterior 2/3, expanded along anterior 1/3, anterodorsal margin weakly emarginate; epistoma with nasal plate , dorsolaterally positioned, separated by distance slightly shorter than anterior-to-posterior length of each eye; outline in lateral view elliptical , ventral margin less rounded.Thorax. Pronotum in dorsal view equilateral, length/width ratio 1.5 , pronotal/elytral length ratio 0.5; widest near posterior margin, lateral margins continously rounded and posteriorly diverging; surface punctate to foveate, with irregularly spaced and shaped concavities, ranging from subcircular to elongate to arcuate (see Legs. Prothoracic and metathoracic legs each slightly longer than mesothoracic legs (mesofemora shortest in comparison), highly similar to those of Diaprepesabbreviatus sec. Elytra. Length/width ratio 1.5; widest near mid region; anterior margins jointly wider than posterior margin of pronotum , slightly sinuate; humeri present, rounded; lateral margins subparallel along anterior 1/2, therafter gradually and roundly converging, posterior edges narrow, actue, though not projected. Elytra in lateral view with dorsal outline weakly convex along anterior 3/4, thereafter  with weakly angulate, straight declivity. Elytra with striae I-IX complete, stria X only apparent along anterior and posterior 1/3; striae slightly narrower than intervals; punctures separated by distance shorter than or similar to width of each puncture; intervals slightly and roundly elevated, no carinae apparent  since the specimen had its wings extended prior to its preservation in amber; veins RP1 and RP2 apparent  Diaprepesmaugei (Boheman 1840) sec. Diaprepesanticus [FZ2017], Diaprepesfamelicus (Olivier 1790) sec. Diaprepesmarginicollis Chevrolat 1880 sec. Diaprepesmaugei sec. Diaprepesanticus [FZ2017] within Diaprepes [FZ2017].icus FZ207 shares Diaprepes sec. Eustylini Lacordaire 1863 [non-focal], and this placement is not under taxonomic scrutiny here.Differential diagnosis.Diaprepesanticus [FZ2017], in addition to being extinct and recorded from Dominican amber, is readily distinguished from extant members of Diaprepes [FZ2017] by the absence of postocular vibrissae (character 48[0]), the absence of variously extended, rounded, and glabrate elytra carinae (character 64[0]), and the absence of striped elytral regions with intermixed appressed and suberect scales  of the Burdigalian time period. The specific mine of origin for this inclusion is unknown.Unknown.https://github.com/EulerProject/). One novel aspect of the alignments and visualizations is that 3-5 taxonomic concept hierarchies are processed simultaneously, whereas previous analyses were limited to pairwise alignments.We present consistent Region Connection Calculus (RCC-5) alignments and visualizations of current and preceding taxonomic concepts that are relevant to our newly recognized names and entities. The process of generating such alignments is described in detail in ScelianomaFranz and Girón 2009 sec. auctorum.Alignment of   only examined Tropirhinuselegans sec. Tropirhinus sec. um. Fig. , 7, 8, 9DiaprepesSchoenherr 1823 sec. auctorum.Alignment of  , or (3) synonymization of species-level entities within Diaprepes (sec. auctorum), modeled as proper inclusion in our RRC-5 alignment  two immediately predecing concepts Diaprepes sec. Diaprepes sec. Diaprepes sec. Diaprepes sec. Exophthalmus sec. um. Figs , 12, 13.Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017], Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017], and Diaprepesanticus [FZ2017] suggests that the corresponding weevil lineages are longstanding members of a diversified and specialized West Indian weevil fauna , including Data type: Saved as text file (.txt), though originally in NONA file format (.ss)File: oo_119552.csvFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 2Scelianoma Franz and Girón 2009 sec. auctorumEuler/X input data file for the taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: Euler/X input data file (.txt)Scelianoma sec. 2009, 2012, and 2017.Brief description: Euler/X input data file for the alignment of File: oo_119551.txtFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 3Scelianoma Franz and Girón 2009 sec. auctorumEuler/X output - set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) - taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: Comma separated values file (.csv) with RCC-5 taxonomic concept articulationsScelianoma alignmentBrief description: Euler/X output of 16 Maximally Informative Relations inferred for the File: oo_119553.csvFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 4Scelianoma Franz and Girón 2009 sec. auctorumEuler/X input visualization - taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: PDF of Euler/X input visualization for the Scelianoma alignmentFile: oo_119554.pdfFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 5Scelianoma Franz and Girón 2009 sec. auctorumEuler/X alignment visualization - taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: PDF of Euler/X alignment visualization for the Scelianoma alignmentFile: oo_119555.pdfFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 6Tropirhinus Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumEuler/X input data file for the taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: Euler/X data input text file (.txt)Tropirhinus sec. 1982, 1999, 2012, and 2017.Brief description: Euler/X input data file for the alignment of File: oo_119556.txtFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 7Euler/X output - set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) - taxonomic concept alignment of Tropirhinus Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumData type: Comma separated values file (.csv) with RCC-5 taxonomic concept articulationsTropirhinus alignmentBrief description: Euler/X output of 95 Maximally Informative Relations inferred for the File: oo_119558.csvFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 8Tropirhinus Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumEuler/X input visualization - taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: PDF of Euler/X input visualization for the Tropirhinus alignmentFile: oo_119559.pdfFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 9Euler/X alignment visualization - taxonomic concept alignment of Tropirhinus Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumData type: PDF of Euler/X alignment visualization for the Tropirhinus alignmentFile: oo_119560.pdfFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 10Diaprepes Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumEuler/X input data file for the taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: Euler/X input data text file (.txt.)Diaprepes sec. 1982, 1999, 2001, 2012, and 2017.Brief description: Euler/X input data file for the alignment of File: oo_119561.txtFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 11Diaprepes Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumEuler/X out - set of Maximally Informative Relation (MIR) - taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: Comma separated values file (.csv) with RCC-5 taxonomic concept articulationsDiaprepes alignmentBrief description: Euler/X output of 2001 Maximally Informative Relations inferred for the File: oo_119562.csvFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 12Diaprepes Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumEuler/X input visualization - taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: PDF of Euler/X input visualization for the Diaprepes alignmentFile: oo_119563.pdfFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 13Diaprepes Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumEuler/X alignment visualization - taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: PDF of Euler/X alignment visualization for the Diaprepes alignmentFile: oo_119564.pdfFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.


The first author in the citation should be Nordlund LM. The correct citation is: Nordlund LM, Koch EW, Barbier EB, Creed JC (2016) Seagrass Ecosystem Services and Their Variability across Genera and Geographical Regions. PLoS ONE 11(10): e0163091. doi:


Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2262410.1038/srep22624; published online: 03312016; updated: 08302016In this Article, Figures 5e-j are omitted. The Figure legend is correct. The correct Figure 5 appears below as


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 41849; 10.1038/srep41849 published online: 02012017; updated: 07102017.Experimental and theoretical results of spontaneous Brillouin scattering (SpBS) in solid silica microfibers have been demonstrated11


Previous phylogenetic studies involving dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV1) have shown several lineages of genotype V circulating worldwide. After sequencing the complete genome of strains from São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, we identified a list of 50 different amino acids that differ between the two lineages, announced here. Flaviviridae family, in the Flavivirus genus, and is an arbovirus that commonly circulates worldwide (–Dengue virus (DENV) belongs to the orldwide . Brazil orldwide . Specifiorldwide –6. In thrldwide –.Flavivirus-gender-specific primers (We studied some positive isolates for DENV1 detected in this city between 2008 and 2014. DENV1 was detected by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), using as a strategy cDNA production by  primers . For thiThe total lengths of the two genomes were 10,699 nucleotides (nt) and 10,917 nt, with 5′–3′ untranslated region (UTR) sequences of 185 to 335 nt and 202 to 563 nt, respectively. In the full DENV1 polyprotein, composed of 3,392 amino acids (aa), 50 characteristic amino acids of each SJRP/DENV1 lineage were observed: C protein, position 95 (Ile/Met); Pr peptide, positions 143  and 203 (Asp/Glu); small envelope protein, position 236 (Lys/Arg); M protein, position 252 (Leu/Phe); envelope protein, positions 618 (Leu/Ser), 674 (Lys/Arg), 708 , and 716 ; nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein, positions 921 (Asp/Gly), 937 (Ile/Gly), 950 (His/Tyr), 999 (Ile/Thr), 1017 , 1022 (Tyr/Phe), and 1068 (Tyr/Asn); nonstructural NS2 protein, positions 1145 (Ile/Met), 1233 , 1266 (Asp/Glu), 1282 , 1283 (Arg/Lys), 1285 (Thr/Ser), 1295 , and 1298 ; serinoprotease NS3 protein, positions 1646 (Thr/Ser), 1656 (Asp/Asn), 1912 (Glu/Asp), and 1949 ; nonstructural NS4A protein, positions 2162  and 2183 (Met/Thr); nonstructural NS4b protein, positions 2261 (His/Tyr), 2264 , 2268 (His/Gln), 2278 (Arg/His), and 2397 (Thr/Ala); and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5 protein, positions 2523 (Lys/Arg), 2628 (Thr/Met), 2863 (Ala/Thr), 3078 (Ser/Asn), 3122 (Ser/Leu), 3133 (Lys/Glu), 3134 (Lys/Arg), 3135 , and 3282 (Thr/Ala).The genetic signatures described herein are being explored in other investigations about biological characteristics of DENV1 lineages.KP188540 (BR/SJRP/287/2011 strain) and KP188543 (BR/SJRP/484/2012 strain). The versions described here are the first versions.These genomes have been deposited in GenBank under accession numbers


The correct citation is: Aberg KC, Doell KC, Schwartz S (2016) Linking Individual Learning Styles to Approach-Avoidance Motivational Traits and Computational Aspects of Reinforcement Learning. PLoS ONE 11(11): e0166675. doi:


The correct title is: Correlation of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and interleukin-16 (IL-16) levels with disease severity in primary knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study in a Malaysian population. The correct citation is: Das Gupta E, Ng WR, Wong SF, Bhurhanudeen AK, Yeap SS (2017) Correlation of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and interleukin-16 (IL-16) levels with disease severity in primary knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study in a Malaysian population. PLoS ONE 12(9): e0184802.


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 4629010.1038/srep46290; published online: 04072017; updated: 05222017The original version of this Article incorrectly listed all author names in reverse. The author list now reads:Rocco Piazza, Daniele Ramazzotti, Roberta Spinelli, Alessandra Pirola, Luca De Sano, Pierangelo Ferrari, Vera Magistroni, Nicoletta Cordani, Nitesh Sharma & Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini.The ‘How to Cite’ section was therefore incorrect, and now reads:et al. OncoScore: a novel, Internet-based tool to assess the oncogenic potential of genes. Sci. Rep. 7, 46290; doi: 10.1038/srep46290 (2017).Piazza, R. In addition, there were typographical errors in affiliations 3, 4 and 5 which now read:Affiliation 3GalSeq s.r.l., via Italia 46, Monza, 20900, Italy.Affiliation 4University of Milano-Bicocca, Dept. of Informatics, Milano, 20125, Italy.Affiliation 5University of New Mexico, Department of Pediatrics, Albuquerque, US.Finally, the Acknowledgments section of this Article was incomplete, where:www.erialcl.net)”.“We kindly acknowledge the contribution of Michela Viltadi for technical help. This work was supported by Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro 2013 (IG-14249 to C.G.P.), by Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro 2015 (IG-17727 to R.P.), by Fondazione Berlucchi (2014) and by European Union’s Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks (ITN-ETN) under grant agreement No.: 675712CGP; CGP is a member of the European Research Initiative for ALK-Related Malignancies . N.C. was supported by a Fondazione Umberto Veronesi fellowship 2015”.“We kindly acknowledge the contribution of Michela Viltadi for technical help. This work was supported by Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro 2013 (IG-14249 to C.G.P.), by Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro 2015 (IG-17727 to R.P.), by Fondazione Berlucchi (2014) and by European Union’s Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks (ITN-ETN) under grant agreement No.: 675712CGP; CGP is a member of the European Research Initiative for ALK-Related Malignancies (These errors have now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of this Article.


This study compared the short-term efficacies of different chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) through pair-wise and network meta-analyses (NMA). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified in a comprehensive online literature search met our inclusion criteria. Direct and indirect evidence was combined to compare odds ratios (OR) and surfaces under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) across the different treatment regimens. Twelve eligible RCTs were finally included, involving eight regimens . The NMA results revealed that in terms of overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), PC  and GC  were more effective against AOC than Carboplatin alone. Similarly, PC , GC  and PLD + Carboplatin  slowed disease progression better than Carboplatin alone. We also found that PC was more efficacious against AOC than Carboplatin or Paclitaxel single-agent chemotherapy. Combination chemotherapy is thus recommended for AOC, and should guide subsequent drug development and treatment strategies. A manual search was also conducted to identify additional potentially relevant references.Inclusion criteria included: (1) study design: randomized controlled trial (RCT); (2) interventions: Carboplatin single-agent chemotherapy, Paclitaxel single-agent chemotherapy, PC, GC, PLD + Carboplatin single-agent chemotherapy, PC + Topotecan, PC + Epirubicin, or DC; (3) study subject: AOC patients aged 19 – 89 years; (4) endpoints: complete response (CR), partial response (PR), overall response rate (ORR), progressive disease (PD), stable disease (SD), and disease control rate (DCR). Exclusion criteria included: (1) studies with insufficient data, such as non-paired studies; (2) non-RCTs; (3) duplicated publications; (4) meeting reports, systematic reviews or abstracts; (5) references irrelevant to AOC; (6) non-English publications; (7) non-human studies; (8) non-drug regimens.RCT data were extracted by independent reviewers using a form designed for this study. Four researchers conducted data extraction; Xi-Ping Jiang and Xiao-Hui Rui were responsible for the extraction of baseline data, while the depth data was extracted by Cai-Xia Guo and Yun Xu. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion with Xi-Ping Jiang, Xiao-Hui Rui, Cai-Xia Guo and Yun Xu. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used by more than two of our study authors to assess the risk of bias in each included RCT, including potential sources of bias included random allocation, allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other biases. Each potential bias source was assigned a judgment of “yes”, “no”, or “unclear” for each RCT. Then, the number of “unclear” or “no” judgments was calculated, and each RCT was classified as having a low, high, or unclear risk of bias as follows: 0–1, low risk; 2–3, moderate risk; ≥4, high risk . Review First, direct comparisons across different treatment arms were performed using a traditional pairwise meta-analysis. Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to pool the estimates of intervention effects. Heterogeneity across different studies was examined using Chi-square and I-square tests . Second,


AbstractColeoptera from the collection of Count Rudolph von Jenison Walwort, published in 1834, are recorded. For each of these names, the originally included available species are listed and for those with at least one available species included, the type species and current status are provided.All new genus-group names included in Gistel’s list of Auxora , Necrotroctes , Epimachus , Ocys , Hydatobia , Hedonius , Charmionus , Lamprias , Trypheus , Antiphus , Phyletus , Phyllogaster , Pyrrhigius , Erota , Oxypterus , Phyllophagus , Epaphius , Isomerus , Berecyntha , Geophilus , Ceraunus , Atrimedeus , Eupalus , Polycarmes , Acidota , Cecrops , Pythonissus , Physignathus , Pelops , Accantosomus .The following new synonymies are proposed [valid names in brackets]: PageBreakOcys , Hydatobia , Hedonius , Charmionus , Epaphius , Geophilus , Atrimedeus , Polycarmes , Cecrops , Pythonissus , Ceratades .The type species of the following genus-group taxa are proposed: nomina oblita [nomina protecta in square brackets]: Berecyntha , Ceraunus , Atrimedeus , Eupalus , Pelops .The following genus-group names are declared  Gistel [1809–1873], also spelled Gistl, was an enigmatic and controversial man. Die Insecten-Doubletten aus der Sammlung des Herrn Grafen Rudolph von Jenison Walworth.” The 36-page booklet is a list of duplicate beetles in the collection of Count Rudolph von Jenison Walworth [1778–1835] of Regensburg offered for purchase or exchange  of the first volume of his journal “Faunus. Zeitschrift für Zoologie und vergleichende Anatomie.” This Heft was issued before 16 August 1834 as it was recorded in Die Bayer’sche Landbötin No 98 (p. 802) on this date. Necrobius is therefore excluded from the list below.One genus mentioned in Gistel’s work is ecrobius : 14, a jCychramus (p. 15) and Heliophilus (p. 21) are credited to himself. It is quite obvious that Gistel made lapses regarding authorship of these names since they were established for the same species by In Gistel’s booklet, the generic names Macropterum is credited to nomen dubium [Staphylinidae: Proteininae: Proteinini] by The genus Hammionus was first used as valid by Campylus Fischer von Waldheim, 1821 and by Elaterbructeri Panzer, 1795  by subsequent designation  and a senior objective synonym of Pheletes Kiesenwetter, 1858 [Elateridae: Dendrometrinae: Dendrometrini: Dendrometrina] (fideThe genus-group name ignation : 109. Hana] fide: 166.CamplirhynchusCampylirhynchusMeg.”) since both names were used, in part, for the same species.PageBreakAuxora Gistel, 1834b: 3Nebriaheydenii Dejean, 1831 (as “heidenii Par. Ins. Jon.”).Originally included available species: Nebriaheydenii Dejean, 1831 by monotypy.Type species: Nebria Latreille, 1806 [Carabidae: Nebriinae: Nebriini] (new synonymy).Current status: junior synonym of LymnaeusDytiscusfuscus Linnaeus, 1758 (as “fuscus Fab.”); Dytiscusstriatus Linnaeus, 1758 (as “striatus id. [Fab.]”); Dytiscusdolabratus Paykull, 1798 (as “dolobratus Pay.”).Originally included available species: Dytiscusdolabratus Paykull, 1798 by subsequent designation  not in prevailing usage.Note: Gistel’s name is not a junior homonym of Cuvier’s “HydatobiusDytiscusoblongus Illiger, 1801.Originally included available species: Dytiscusoblongus Illiger, 1801  by monotypy.Type species: Liopterus Dejean, 1833 [Dytiscidae: Copelatinae] ; Dytiscusagilis Fabricius, 1792; Dytiscusadspersus Panzer, 1796 (as “adspersusid. [Fab.]”).Originally included available species: Dytiscusagilis Fabricius, 1792  by subsequent designation .Originally included available species: Gyrinusvillosus O.F. Müller, 1776 by monotypy.Type species: PageBreakOrectochilus Dejean, 1833 [Gyrinidae: Gyrininae: ] .Current status: junior objective synonym of Aemulus Gistel, 1834b: 8Staphylinuslateralis Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusfuliginosus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusmolochinus Gravenhorst, 1806; Staphylinusnitidus Fabricius, 1787; Staphylinusscitus Gravenhorst, 1806; Staphylinusimpressus Panzer, 1796 (as “impressusGra.”); Staphylinusboops Gravenhorst, 1802.Originally included available species: Staphylinusfuliginosus Gravenhorst, 1802 by subsequent designation ; Staphylinussplendens Fabricius, 1792; Staphylinuslaminatus Creutzer, 1799 (as “laminatusGra.”); Staphylinusaeneus Rossi, 1790 (as “aeneusid. [Gra.]”); Staphylinusmetallicus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinuscephalotes Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusdecorus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinuspolitus Linnaeus, 1758 (as “politusFab.”); Staphylinusatratus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinuscarbonarius Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusebeninus Gravenhorst, 1802 (as “ebeneninus Gra.”); Staphylinusvarians Paykull, 1789 (as “variansGyll.”); Staphylinusvarius Gyllenhal, 1810; Staphylinusimmundus Gravenhorst, 1806 (as “immundusGyll.”); Staphylinusfuscus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinussanguinolentus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusbipustulatus Linnaeus sensu Panzer, 1795 (as “bipustulatusFab.”) ; Staphylinusbimaculatus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusfulvipes Fabricius, 1792 (as “fulvipes Gra.”); Staphylinustenuis Fabricius, 1792 (as “tenuisid. [Gra.]”); Staphylinusfimetarius Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusagilis Gravenhorst, 1806; Staphylinussplendidulus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusaterrimus Gravenhorst, 1802.Originally included available species: Staphylinussplendens Fabricius, 1792 by subsequent designation .Originally included available species: fracticornisPaederus  Paykull, 1800 by monotypy.Type species: Epimachus Cuvier, 1817 (Aves); junior objective synonym of Ochthephilum Stephens, 1829 [Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Cryptobiina] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of fracticornisGra. Bav.” Staphylinusfracticornis Paykull, 1790 ”).Originally included available species: Staphylinusarenarius Paykull, 1800  by subsequent designation ; junior objective synonym of Acidota Stephens, 1829 [Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini] .Originally included available species: Staphylinusdepressus Paykull, 1789 by monotypy.Type species: Megarthrus Stephens, 1829 [Staphylinidae: Proteininae: Proteinini] ; Staphylinusanalis Fabricius sensu Gravenhort, 1802  ; Staphylinusmerdarius Fabricius, 1775; Oxyporusmelanocephalus Fabricius, 1792 Originally included available species: Megacronuscastaneus Stephens, 1832 fixed by Staphylinusanalis Fabricius, 1787 in the original designation by Type species: Bolitobius Leach, 1819 [Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae: Mycetoporini] ; junior objective synonym of Dinarda Leach, 1819 [Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Oxypodini: Dinardina] ; senior objective synonym of Anaulacaspis Ganglbauer, 1895 [Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Falagriini] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Hydatobia Gistel, 1834b: 10Aleochararivularis Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusimpressus Olivier, 1795 (“as impressa id. [Gra.]”).Originally included available species: Staphylinusimpressus Olivier, 1795 by present designation.Type species: Autalia Samouelle, 1819 [Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Autaliini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Charytonia Gistel, 1834b: 10Buprestischrysis Fabricius, 1775; Buprestissternicornis Linnaeus, 1758 (as “sternicornisid. [Fab.]”).Originally included available species: Buprestischrysis Fabricius, 1775 by subsequent designation ; Buprestishirta Linnaeus, 1758 (as “hirtaid. [Fab.]”); Buprestisvulnerata Perty, 1830.Originally included available species: Buprestisfascicularis Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation ; Buprestistaeniata Fabricius, 1787; Buprestiscylindrica Fabricius, 1775; Buprestisgibbosa Olivier, 1790 (as “gibbosaid. [Fab.]”).Originally included available species: Buprestisornata Fabricius, 1775 by subsequent designation .Originally included available species: Buprestisvittata Fabricius, 1775 by subsequent designation .Originally included available species: Buprestisgigantea Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.Type species: Archonta de Montfort, 1810 (Mollusca); junior objective synonym of Euchroma Dejean, 1833 [Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae: : ] .Originally included available species: Buprestisamoena Kirby, 1819 by subsequent designation  and Polydora Oken, 1816 (Annelida); junior objective synonym of Conognatha Eschscholtz, 1829 [Buprestidae: Buprestinae: ] ; Buprestistenebrionis Linnaeus, 1761 (as “Tenebrionis id. [Fab.]”); Buprestistenebricosa Olivier, 1790 (as “tenebricosaid. [Fab.]”).Originally included available species: Buprestistenebrionis Linnaeus, 1761 by subsequent designation ; junior subjective synonym of Capnodis Eschscholtz, 1829 [Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae: Dicercini: Dicercina] ; Buprestiscalcarata Fabricius, 1801; Buprestisalni Fischer von Waldheim, 1824 (as “Var. Alni Meg.”); Buprestisacuminata Pallas, 1781 (as “acuminataFab.”).Originally included available species: Buprestismoesta Fabricius, 1792 by subsequent designation ; Buprestispunctata Fabricius, 1787; Buprestisflavopuncta DeGeer, 1774 (as “flavomaculata id. [Fab.]”); Buprestisoctoguttata Linnaeus, 1758 (as “octoguttataid. [Fab.]”).Originally included available species: Buprestisrustica Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation , an unjustified emendation for Lina Latreille, 1829; junior objective synonym of Ancylocheira Eschscholtz, 1829 [Buprestidae: Buprestinae: Buprestini: Buprestina] .Originally included available species: Buprestisangularis Dalman, 1817 by monotypy.Type species: Pelecopselaphus Solier, 1833 . A new name is needed for the lepidopteran generic name.Note: Lycaste Gistel, 1834b: 10Buprestisporcata Fabricius, 1775.Originally included available species: Buprestisporcata Fabricius, 1775 by monotypy.Type species: Polycesta Dejean, 1833 [Buprestidae: Polycestinae: Polycestini: ] ; Buprestisaffinis Fabricius, 1794.Originally included available species: Buprestischrysostigma Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation ; Elaterfulvipes Herbst, 1806; Elatercastanipes Paykull, 1800; Elaterniger Linnaeus sensu Fabricius, 1792 (as “nigerFab.”).Originally included available species: Elaterniger Linnaeus sensu Fabricius, 1792  by subsequent designation ; Elaterphosphoreus Linnaeus, 1758; Elaterignitus Fabricius, 1787; Elaterluminosus Illiger, 1807.Originally included available species: Elaternoctilucus Linnaeus, 1758 by present designation.Type species: Pyrophorus Billberg, 1820 [Elateridae: Agrypninae: Pyrophorini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Charmionus Gistel, 1834b: 11Elatersulcatus Fabricius, 1777; Elaterporcatus Linnaeus, 1767 (as “porcatus id. [Fab.]”); Elaterstriatus Linnaeus, 1767 (as “striatus id. [Fab.]”); Elatervirens Fabricius, 1787.Originally included available species: Elaterporcatus Linnaeus, 1767 by present designation.Type species: Chalcolepidius Eschscholtz, 1829 [Elateridae: Agrypninae: Hemirhipini] (new synonym).Current status: junior subjective synonym of Lamprias Gistel, 1834b: 11Elateroculatus Linnaeus, 1758 (as “oculatusFab.”).Originally included available species: Elateroculatus Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.Type species: Lamprias Dejean, 1825 (Coleoptera: Carabidae); junior objective synonym of Alaus Eschscholtz, 1829 [Elateridae: Agrypninae: Hemirhipini] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Gripus Gistel, 1834b: 11Elaterrufus Fabricius, 1792; Elaterrhombeus Olivier, 1790; Elaterundulatus DeGeer, 1774 (as “undulatusPay.”); Elaterscrutator Herbst, 1806; Elatertestaceus Fabricius sensu Paykull, 1800 ; Elaterhirtus Herbst, 1784; Elateraterrimus Linnaeus, 1761 (as “aterrimus Fab.”); Elaterprocerus Illiger, 1807; Elaterlongicollis Olivier, 1790 (as “longicollisFab.”); Elatersuturalis Panzer, 1795; Elatermarginatus Linnaeus sensu Paykull, 1800 ; Elaterhaemorrhoidalis Fabricius, 1801; Elaterruficadis Gyllenhal, 1808 (as “ruficaudis Gyll.”); Elaterinunctus Panzer, 1795; Elatervittatus Fabricius, 1792; Elatersubfuscus Gyllenhal, 1808.Originally included available species: Elatervittatus Fabricius, 1792 by subsequent designation .Originally included available species: Elaterlinearis Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation ; Elaterdiscicollis Herbst, 1806; Elaterbiguttatus Olivier, 1790 (as “biguttatusFab.”); Elatertestaceus Fabricius, 1792; Elaterequiseti Herbst, 1784; Elaterlateralis Fabricius, 1794; Elateradvena Fabricius, 1787; Elaterrufipes Fabricius, 1792.Originally included available species: Elaterthoracicus Fabricius, 1775  by subsequent designation  and Melanotus Dejean, 1831 (Coleoptera: Carabidae); junior subjective synonym of Cardiophorus Eschscholtz, 1829 [Elateridae: Cardiophorinae] ; Elaterquadripustulatus Fabricius, 1792.Originally included available species: Elaterriparius Fabricius, 1792 by subsequent designation .Current status: junior subjective synonym of PageBreakEpistrophus Gistel, 1834b: 12Elaterbimaculatus Rossi, 1790 (as “bimaculatus Fab.”).Originally included available species: Elaterbimaculatus Rossi, 1790 by monotypy.Type species: Drasterius Eschscholtz, 1829 [Elateridae: Conoderinae: Conoderini] .Originally included available species: Elaterferrugineus Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.Type species: Elater Linnaeus, 1758 [Elateridae: Elaterinae: Elaterini] .Current status: junior subjective synonym of Anchialus Gistel, 1834b: 12nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Lepidotus Gistel, 1834b: 12Elaterpilosus Fabricius, 1792; Elatervilis Herbst, 1806 (as “vilisIll.”); Elatergilvellus Dufour, 1824 (as “gilvellusZieg.”); Elatersegetis Bjerkander, 1779 (as “Segetis Gyll.”); Elatervariabilis Fabricius, 1792; Elatersputator Linnaeus, 1758 (as “sputatorFab.”).Originally included available species: Elatersputator Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation  and Lepidotus Stephens, 1830 (Coleoptera: Elateridae); junior objective synonym of Agriotes Eschscholtz, 1829 [Elateridae: Elaterinae: Agriotini: Agriotina] ; Elaterfugax Fabricius, 1801.Originally included available species: Elaterbrunneus Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation .Originally included available species: Cantharissanguineus Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.Type species: Lygistopterus Dejean, 1833 [Lycidae: Lycinae: Calochromini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Homalysus Gistel, 1834b: 12 Omalisus Geoffroy, 1762 [Omalisidae] and therefore a junior objective synonym of Omalisus Geoffroy, 1762.Note: This name is an unjustified emendation for Phyllogaster Gistel, 1834b: 13Lampyrislaticornis Fabricius, 1792.Originally included available species: Lampyrislaticornis Fabricius, 1792  by monotypy.Type species: Lucidota Laporte, 1833 [Lampyridae: Lampyrinae: Lucidotini: Lucidotina] (new synonym).Current status: junior subjective synonym of Pyrrhigius Gistel, 1834b: 13Lampyrishemipterus Geoffroy, 1762 (as “hemipterusFab.”).Originally included available species: Lampyrishemipterus Geoffroy, 1762 by monotypy.Type species: Phosphaenus Laporte, 1833 [Lampyridae: Lampyrinae: Lucidotini: ] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Erota Gistel, 1834b: 13Lampyrisitalica Linnaeus, 1767 .Originally included available species: Lampyrisitalica Linnaeus, 1767 by monotypy.Type species: Luciola Laporte, 1833 [Lampyridae: Luciolinae: Luciolini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of PageBreakOxypterus Gistel, 1834b: 13Lampyrismaculata DeGeer, 1774 (as “maculatus Fab.”).Originally included available species: Lampyrismaculata DeGeer, 1774 by monotypy.Type species: Oxypterus Rafinesque, 1814  and Oxypterus Fleming, 1822 (Aves); junior subjective synonym of Aspisoma Laporte, 1833 [Lampyridae: Lampyrinae: Cratomorphini] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Fab.”  and “4-punctulatus Pty.” The first species is conditionally included in the genus and therefore is not an originally included species .Originally included available species: Telephorusxanthomelas Perty, 1830 by monotypy.Type species: Chauliognathus Hentz, 1830 [Cantharidae: Chauliognathinae: ] (new synonym).Current status: junior subjective synonym of Cantharisxanthomelas which, based on Telephorusxanthomelas Perty, 1830. The second species mentioned by Phyllophagus (“dichrous Pty.”) is a nomen nudum.Note: Epaphius Gistel, 1834b: 13Dasytesvariegatus Germar, 1823; Anobiumlineatum Fabricius, 1775; Dasytesantis Perty, 1830 (as “antisid. [Fab.]”).Originally included available species: Dasytesvariegatus Germar, 1823 by present designation.Type species: Epaphius Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Carabidae); senior subjective synonym of Astylus Laporte, 1836 [Melyridae: Melyrinae: ] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Odontomerus Gistel, 1834b: 13nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Isomerus Gistel, 1834b: 14Cholevaoblonga Latreille, 1806.Originally included available species: Cholevaoblonga Latreille, 1806 by monotypy.Type species: Choleva Latreille, 1797 [Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Cholevini: ] (new synonym).Current status: junior subjective synonym of PageBreakBerecyntha Gistel, 1834b: 15Erotylusquadripustulatus Fabricius, 1801.Originally included available species: Erotylusquadripustulatus Fabricius, 1801 by monotypy.Type species: Aulacochilus Chevrolat, 1836 [Erotylidae: Erotylinae: Encaustini] (new synonym).Current status: senior objective synonym of Berecyntha has not been used as a valid name after 1899 and Aulacochilus has been used for a particular taxon in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (see Appendix 1). Accordingly, following Article 23.9 ; Scarabeusasper Fabricius, 1775; Scarabaeusporcatus Fabricius, 1775; Scarabaeuscaesus Creutzer, 1796 (as caesusid. [Fab.]”).Originally included available species: Scarabeusasper Fabricius, 1775 by present designation.Type species: Geophilus Leach, 1814 (Chilopoda); junior objective synonym of Psammodius Fallén, 1807 [Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Psammodiini] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Ceraunus Gistel, 1834b: 18Scarabaeusaegeon Drury, 1773.Originally included available species: Scarabaeusaegeon Drury, 1773 by monotypy.Type species: Golofa Hope, 1837 [Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Dynastini] (new synonym).Current status: senior subjective synonym of Ceraunus has not been used as a valid name after 1899 and Golofa has been used for a particular taxon in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (see Appendix 2). Accordingly, following Article 23.9 .Originally included available species: Scarabaeuspunctatus Villers, 1789 by present designation.Type species: PageBreakPentodon Hope, 1837 [Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini] (new synonym).Current status: senior objective synonym of Atrimedeus has not been used as a valid name after 1899 and Pentodon has been used for a particular taxon in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (see Appendix 3). Accordingly, following Article 23.9 .Current status: junior objective synonym of ion 1838 ; senior Eupalus has not been used as a valid name after 1899 and Temnorhynchus has been used for a particular taxon in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (see Appendix 4). Accordingly, following Article 23.9 ; Melolonthaaustralis Gyllenhal, 1817 ; Melolonthapilosa Fabricius, 1792; Melolonthavillosa Fabricius, 1781.Originally included available species: Melolonthavillosa Fabricius, 1781 by present designation.Type species: Anoxia Laporte, 1832 [Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Melolonthini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Polycarmes Gistel, 1834 is a senior homonym of Polycarmes Stål, 1867, currently a valid genus in Hemiptera (Pentatomidae). A new name is needed for the hemipteran generic name.Note: Eurytes Gistel, 1834b: 19Schizonycha Dejean, 1833 [Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Melolonthini] and not treated as valid subsequently. Therefore Eurytes Gistel, 1834 is a nomen nudum.Note: This name was proposed as a junior synonym of PageBreakHylecharis Gistel, 1834b: 19nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Phaedinus Gistel, 1834b: 19nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Sogines Gistel, 1834b: 19nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Demophila Gistel, 1834b: 19Melolonthastrigosa Illiger, 1803 but in the errata (p. [36]) mentioned to replace Demophila with “Hymenoptia Esch.”  [Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Sericini] and to add “H. bifrons Esch. Californ.” to this genus. Therefore Gistel’s Demophila is a nomen nudum.Note: Gistel proposed this name for Nefaria Gistel, 1834b: 19nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Acidota Gistel, 1834b: 19Melolonthaabdominalis Fabricius, 1792.Originally included available species: Melolonthaabdominalis Fabricius, 1792 by monotypy.Type species: Acidota Stephens, 1829 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae); junior objective synonym of Amphicoma Latreille, 1807 [Glaphyridae: ] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Erymantis Gistel, 1834b: 19nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Ostracodermus Gistel, 1834b: 20nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Cecrops Gistel, 1834b: 21Tenebriogigas Linnaeus, 1763; Upismaxima Germar, 1823.Originally included available species: Tenebriogigas Linnaeus, 1763 by present designation.Type species: PageBreakMylaris Pallas, 1781 [Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Pythonissus Gistel, 1834b: 21Helopsmorio Fabricius, 1777; Tenebrioelongatus Palisot de Beauvois, 1817.Originally included available species: Helopsmorio Fabricius, 1777  by present designation.Type species: Zophobas Dejean, 1834 [Tenebrionidae: Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Physignathus Gistel, 1834b: 22Helopsundatus Fabricius, 1792.Originally included available species: Helopsundatus Fabricius, 1792  by monotypy.Type species: Physignathus Cuvier, 1829 (Reptilia); junior objective synonym of Cymatothes Dejean, 1834 [Tenebrionidae: Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Pelops Gistel, 1834b: 22Helopsater Fabricius, 1775.Originally included available species: Helopsater Fabricius, 1775 by monotypy.Type species: Prionychus Solier, 1835 [Tenebrionidae: Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina] (new synonym).Current status: senior objective synonym of Pelops has not been used as a valid name after 1899 and Prionychus has been used for a particular taxon in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (see Appendix 5). Accordingly, following Article 23.9 ; junior objective synonym of Mesosa Latreille, 1829 [Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Mesosini] .Originally included available species: Elaterligneus Linnaeus, 1763 by monotypy.Type species: Semiotus Eschscholtz, 1829 [Elateridae: Semiotinae] (new synonym).Current status: junior subjective synonym of


Scientific Reports6: Article number:2419410.1038/srep24194; published online: 04132016; updated: 10032016In this Article, the legend of Figure 3 is incorrect:Grand averaged event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited at the midline, lateral electrodes during small split and medium split arithmetic.Should read:Grand averaged event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited at the midline, lateral electrodes during middle split and large split arithmetic.


The correct title is: Continental synchronicity of human influenza virus epidemics despite climatic variation. The correct citation is: Geoghegan JL, Saavedra AF, Duchêne S, Sullivan S, Barr I, Holmes EC (2018) Continental synchronicity of human influenza virus epidemics despite climatic variation. PLoS Pathog 14(1): e1006780.


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 46146; 10.1038/srep46146 published online: 04102017; updated: 06262017.This Article contains an error in Figure 6B, where the first sample of wt mouse for p-Akt (Thr308) should have been omitted. The correct Figure 6 appears below as


Scientific Reports7: Article number: 4656010.1038/srep46560; published online: 04252016; updated: 06302017et al. Reduced cerebrospinal fluid ethanolamine concentration in major depressive disorder. Sci Rep5, 7796, doi: 10.1038/srep07796 (2015).” The correct reference 51 appears below.The original version of this Article contained an error in the reference list, where reference 51 was incorrectly listed as “Ogawa, S. This has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of this Article.


Blueberry cultivars require a fixed quantity of chilling hours during winter endo-dormancy for vernalization. In this study, transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing data from nonchilled, chilled, and late pink buds of southern highbush blueberry ‘Legacy’ was performed to reveal genes associated with chilling accumulation and bud break.FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) did not show a differential expression in chilled flower buds (compared to nonchilled flower bud) but were up-regulated in late-pink buds (compared to chilled flower bud). Orthologoues of major MADS-box genes were significantly up-regulated in chilled flower buds and down-regulated in late-pink buds. Functional orthologues of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) were not found in blueberry. Orthologues of Protein FD (FD), TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), and LEAFY (LFY) were down-regulated in chilled flower buds and in late-pink buds compared to nonchilled flower bud.Fully chilled ‘Legacy’ plants flowered normally whereas nonchilled plants could not flower. Compared to nonchilled flower buds, chilled flower buds showed differential expression of 89% of flowering pathway genes, 86% of MADS-box genes, and 84% of cold-regulated genes. Blueberry orthologues of FT, FD, TFL1, LFY, and MADS-box genes are the major genes involved in chilling-mediated blueberry bud-break. The results contribute to the comprehensive investigation of the vernalization-mediated flowering mechanism in woody plants.The changes from nonchilled to chilled and chilled to late-pink buds are associated with transcriptional changes in a large number of differentially expressed (DE) phytohormone-related genes and DE flowering pathway genes. The profile of DE genes suggests that orthologues of The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1311-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Winter dormancy (endo-dormancy) is essential for deciduous fruit crop survival , 2. Unde, 2.3 days/decade in temperate Europe) and increased temperature fluctuation  (n = 3).Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc.  [vs nonchilled flower buds (NB)] and late-pink buds (LPB) (vs CB) in ‘Legacy’. LogFC for chilled buds: Log2(CB/NB). LogFC for late-pink buds: Log2(LPB/CB). Except #N/A , all the rest are DE genes. (XLSX 23 kb)Additional file 2:Table S1. DE floral genes in chilled flower buds (CB) [vs nonchilled flower buds (NB)] and late-pink buds (LPB) (vs CB) in ‘Legacy’. LogFC for chilled buds: Log2(CB/NB). LogFC for late-pink buds: Log2(LPB/CB). #N/A: no differential expression. (XLSX 140 kb)Additional file 3:Table S3. DE phytohormones in chilled flower buds(CB) [vs nonchilled flower buds (NB)] and late-pink buds (LPB) (vs CB) in ‘Legacy’. LogFC for chilled buds: Log2(CB/NB). LogFC for late-pink buds: Log2(LPB/CB). Except #N/A , all the rest are DE genes. (XLSX 401 kb)Additional file 4:Table S4. Primers used in this study. (DOCX 54 kb)


Dasypus is the most speciose genus of the order Cingulata, including approximately 40% of known living armadillos. Nine species are currently recognized, although comprehensive analyses of the entire genus have never been done. Our aim is to revise the taxonomy of the long-nosed armadillos and properly define the taxa. We examined 2126 specimens of Dasypus preserved in 39 different museum collections, including 17 type specimens. Three complementary methods were applied to explore morphological datasets both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative morphological variation in discrete characters was assessed by direct observations of specimens. Linear morphometric variation was based on external data and cranial measurements of 887 adult skulls. The shape and size of the skull was abstracted through two-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses of dorsal, lateral and ventral views of respectively 421, 211, and 220 adult specimens. Our results converge on the recognition of eight living species , and three subspecies of D. septemcinctus . Information on type material, diagnosis, distribution, and taxonomic comments for each taxon are provided. We designate a lectotype for D. novemcinctus; and a neotype for Loricatus hybridus (= D. septemcinctus hybridus). Dasypus is the most speciose genus of the order Cingulata, including approximately 40% of living known armadillo species  novemcinctus (= D. novemcinctus) as its type species by monotypy. Other names available, but barely used, are Cataphractus Storr, 1780, Loricatus Desmarest, 1804, and Cachicamus McMutrie, 1831 (see synonymy for the complete list).innaeus  Dasypus, Chlamyphorus, Priodontes and Tatusia. The first included only Dasypus encoubert Desmarest, 1822 ). The name Tatusia was clearly based on “Tatusies” of Cuvier , and D. novemcinctus into Dasypus, while allocating Dasypus sexcinctus (= Euphractus sexcinctus) into the new genus Euphractus.Lesson  Cuvier Tatu were largely followed by subsequent authors Dasypus as currently constituted has long been debated. Burmeister . Gray ear the confluence of Rio Madre de Dios with Rio Beni, Victoria, Bolivia” .olivia”  Diagnosis:D. beniensis is easily distinguished by a forefoot with an externally visible fifth digit, by the absence of a well-defined occipital lobe on the cephalic shield, an angular emargination of the anterior margin of the scapular shield, enlarged projecting scales at the knee, rough scales on the pelvic shield, and flattened scales in the proximal rings of the tail, a smoothly inclined lateral palatine crest, a convex posterior margin of the palatine, a well-developed and smoothly curved lacrimal bone, and a pentagonal, weakly developed tentorial process of the parietals , which was followed without comment by all subsequent authors, including Wetzel and Mondolfi . k[appleri]. peruvianus Lönnberg, 1928:10; type locality “Roque in Eastern Peru, S.E. of Moyobamba at an altitude of about 1030 m.,” San Martin, Peru.Dasypus pastasae: Sanborn, 1929:258; name combinationType: The holotype (BM 80.5.6.71) determined by Thomas . [p]eba: Burmeister, 1848:199; not Dasypus peba Desmarest, 1822Dasypus kappleri Krauss, 1862:20; original descriptionDasypus pentadactylus Peters, 1864:179; type locality “Guiana”; name based on a specimen identified by Cabanis Praopus kappleri: Gray, 1873:16; name combinationTatusia kappleri: Thomas, 1880:402; name combination[Tatusia (Tatusia)] kappleri: Trouessart, 1898: 1139; name combination[Tatusia (Tatusia)] pentadactylus: Trouessart, 1898: 1140; name combinationT[atu]. Kappleri: Thomas, 1901:371; name combination[Tatus (Tatus)] kappleri: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination[Tatus (Tatus)] pentadactylus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combinationDasypus [(Hyperoambon)] kappleri: Wetzel and Mondolfi, 1979:56; name combination.Type: Krauss  novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758:51; original description.Tatus minor Fermin, 1769:110; unavailable name  Novemcincta: Blumenbach, 1779:74; name combination.Dasypus longicaudatus Kerr, 1792:112; type locality “America”Dasypus novenxinctus Peale and Palisot de Beauvois, 1796:18; incorrect subsequent spelling of Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus.Dasypus longicaudatus Daudin in Lacépède, 1802:173; no locality given; based on Buffon’s “Le tatou à longue queue” .”Dasypus decumanus Illiger, 1815:108; nomen nudum.Dasypus decumanus Olfers, 1818:219; nomen nudum.T[atus]. niger Olfers, 1818:220; type localities “Paraguay, Brasilien”; preoccupied by Loricatus niger Desmarest.Dasypus niger Lichtenstein, 1818:20; type locality not given; based on D. novemcinctus Linnaeus; therefore, the type locality is “Pernambuco, Brazil” (lectotype designated here); preoccupied by Loricatus niger Desmarest.Dasypus peba Desmarest, 1822:368; type localities “Le Brésil, le Guyane, le Paraguay…On ne le trouve pas dans la province de Buenos-Ayres.”Dasypus longicaudus Schinz, 1824:253; in synonymy, unavailable name.D[asypus]. longicaudus Wied-Neuwied, 1826:531; type locality “In den Waldern am Mucuri”; identified by Ávila-Pires  Tatusia peba: Lesson, 1827:311; name combinationDasypus [(Cachicamus)] novemcinctus: McMurtrie, 1831:163; name combination.Dasypus uroceras Lund, 1839[1841]:pl. 12, D[asypus] uroceros Burmeister, 1848:199; incorrect subsequent spelling of Dasypus uroceras Lund.Praopus longicaudatus Burmeister, 1854:298; name combinationCachicamus novemcinctus Degland, 1854:125; name combinationDasypus pepa Krauss, 1862:19; incorrect subsequent spelling of Dasypus peba Desmarest.D[asypus]. Longicaudatus Peters, 1864:179; incorrect subsequent spelling of Dasypus longicaudus Wied-Neuwied; not D. longicaudatus Kerr.D[asypus]. longicaudatus Peters, 1864:179; incorrect subsequent spelling of Dasypus longicaudus Wied-Neuwied; not D. longicaudatus Kerr.Dasypus fenestratus Peters, 1864:180; type locality “Costa Rica”; restricted to San José, Costa Rica by Wetzel and Mondolfi .Dasypus novemcinctus var. Mexicanus Peters, 1864:180; type locality “Mexico”; restricted to Colima, Mexico, by Bailey ;llister Dasypus mexicanus: Fitzinger, 1871:332; name combination.Dasypus Lundii Fitzinger, 1871:340; type locality “Brasilien.”.Tatusia platycercus Hensel, 1872:105; type locality “Urwald von Rio Grande do Sul,” Brazil.Tatusia mexicana: Gray, 1873:14; name combination.Tatusia granadiana Gray, 1873:14; type locality “Concordia,” Antioquia, ColombiaTatusia leptorhynchus Gray, 1873:15; type locality “Guatemala”.Tatusia brevirostris Gray, 1873:15; type localities “Rio de Janeiro,” Brazil, and “Bolivia”; type locality not restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Wetzel and Mondolfi ,ondolfi ] novem-cincta: Trouessart, 1898:1139; name combination[Tatusia (Tatusia)] platycercus: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatusia (Tatusia)] brevirostris: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatusia (Tatusia)] leptocephala: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatusia (Tatusia)] boliviensis: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatusia (Tatusia)] granadiana: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.Tatua novemcincta: Robinson and Lyon, 1901:161; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] novem-cinctus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] platycercus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] brevirostris: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] leptocephalus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] boliviensis: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] granadianus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.Tatu novemcinctum texanum Bailey, 1905:52; type locality “Brownsville, Texas”.Tatusia novemcincta var. mexianae Hagmann, 1908:29; type locality “Insel Mexiana,” Pará, Brazil.Dasypus boliviensis: Grandidier and Neveu-Lemaire, 1908:5; type locality “environs d’Uyuni,” Potosí, Bolivia; preoccupied by Tatusia boliviensis Gray.Dasypus novemcinctus hoplites Allen, 1911:195; type locality “hills back of Gouyave, island of Grenada”, Lesser Antilles.Dasypus novemcinctus aequatorialis Lönnberg, 1913:34; type locality “Peruchu, altitude 7–9,000 feet,” Pichincha, Ecuador.D[asypus]. longi-cauda Larrãnaga, 1923:343; type locality “provincial paracuarensi”; based on Azara’s D[asypus]. brevirostris: Yepes, 1933:230; name combination.Dasypus novemcinctus davisi Russell, 1953:21; type locality “Huitzilac, 8500 feet, Morelos, Mexico”.Type: Linnaeus [Dasypus novemcinctus on five references: “Mus[eum]. Ad[olph]. Fr[idericianu]. 6; Syst[ema]. nat[urae]. 6; Seb[a]. mus. I. p. 45 t. 29 f. 1 & t. 53. f. 6; Marcgr[ave]. bras[iliae]. 231; Raj[o]. 9. quadr[upedum]. 233.; and Hern[andez]. mex[icanorum] 314”. According to Articles 73.2.1 and 72.4.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature  show so much variation in minor cranial characters that I cannot regard these [supposedly diagnostic] differences [listed by Peters and Gray] as of any real value. Accordingly we find that they are not all constant in Central-American specimens.” According to Alston .Tatusia pilosa Flower, 1894:655; name combination.[Tatusia (Cryptophractus)] pilosa: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatus (Cryptophractus)] pilosus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.Tatu pilosa: Thomas, 1927:605; name combination.Dasypus pilosa: Yepes, 1928:468; name combination with incorrect gender agreement.Dasypus pilosus: Frechkop and Yepes, 1949:27; gender agreement correction.Dasypus (Cryptophractus) pilosus: Talmage and Buchanan, 1954:84; name combination.Crypophractus pilosus: Castro et al.  sabanicola: Wetzel and Mondolfi, 1979:55; name combination.Type: The holotype  designed by Mondolfi  septemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758:51; original description.Cachicama hybridus: Gervais, 1855:113; not Loricatus hybridus Desmarest, 1804.Praopus hybridus: Pelzeln, 1883:99; not Loricatus hybridus Desmarest, 1804.Tatusia megalolepis Cope, 1889:134; type locality “Chapada”, Mato Grosso, Brazil.Tatusia (Muletia) propalatum Rhoads, 1894:111; type locality “Bahia”, Brazil.[Tatusia (Tatusia)] megalolepis: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatusia (Muletia)] propalatum: Trouessart, 1898:1141; name combination.Tatu septemcincta: Thomas, 1900:548; name combination.Tatu megalolepis: Thomas, 1904:243; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] megalolepis: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.[Tatus (Muletia)] propalatus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.Dasypus megalolepe: Yepes, 1928:468; name combination and incorrect spelling of Tatusia megalolepis Cope.Dasypus propalatus: Yepes, 1928:468; name combination.Dasypus [(Dasypus)] septemcinctus: Wetzel and Mondolfi, 1979:53; name combination.Type: UPSZTY 24, newborn mounted specimen  from Tabacal, Orán . However, Wetzel and Mondolfi  mentioneD. s. septemcinctus and D. s. hybridus , and dry forests (Caatinga). Unfortunately, the southernmost well-preserved specimens of this subspecies are from Santa Catarina state . Nevertheless, it seems very likely that Rio Grande do Sul represents the contact zone between the two subspecies, both in grassland and Atlantic Forest areas.As expected, the southern limits to its distribution are unclear and most likely represent the intergrading contact zone between hybridus . In BrazD. s. septemcinctus and D. s. hybridus.Besides, other contact zones are probably northern Argentina , where rDasypus septemcinctus hybridus Figs 36lor[icatus]. hybridus Desmarest, 1804:28; original description.[Dasypus] hybridus: Fischer, 1814:126, name combination.[Dasypus] auritus Illiger, 1815:108; nomen nudum.T[atus]. auritus Olfers, 1818:221; type locality “Paraguay”; based solely on “T. mulet” of Azara  hybrida: Turner, 1853:213; corrected gender concordance.Praopus hybridus: Burmeister, 1861:428; name combination.Muletia septemcincta: Gray, 1874:246; name combination.Tatu hybridus: Lahille, 1899:203; name combination.[Tatusia (Muletia)] hybrida: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatus (Muletia)] hybridus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.Muletia hybrida: Miranda-Ribeiro, 1914:46; name combination.D[asypus]. Brevi-cauda Larrañaga, 1923:344; type locality not given, but Uruguay implied (p.242); based on Azara’s Dasypus hibridus: Azevedo, El Achkar, Martins, and Ximénez, 1982:95; incorrect subsequent spelling of Loricatus hybridus Desmarest, 1804.Type: Desmarest [Le tatou mulet de[sic] d’Azara” , with smaller legs than “tatou noir” (= D. novemcinctus), tail much shorter than “tatou noir,” with six to seven movable bands (fetuses with 5 bands)  bands)  .oversies ,34,81. Soversies  believedoversies  D. septeesmarest  believedg, Gray Lönnberg  and SanbLönnberg , who bot. Rhoads  argued tD. septemcinctus and D. hybridus, mainly based on differences in the size of the ear and tail. Species separation on this basis was rejected by Frechkopf and Yepes  al Norte de los 26 1/2 grados, desde donde se extiende hasta mas [sic] allá de los 36,” os 36,” , and deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History, with the number FMNH 29334. It consists of a mounted skin with cleaned skull and mandible  are: total length 479; tail length 176; hindfoot with claw 67, ear length (taken from the mounted specimen) 16.62. Carapace measurements (in mm) are: cephalic shield length 58.6; scapular shield length 79; pelvic shield length 79; ringed tail length 138. Cranial measurements (in mm) are: total length 68.22; condylobasal length 62.63; anterior palatal length 14.37; palatal length 42.77; maxilla length 24.47; palatine length 13.8; infraorbital canal length 4.15; maxillary toothrow length 15.73; nasal length 20.73; lacrimal length 5.52; rostral length 38.53; anteorbital breadth 22.84; tooth length 1.36; palatal breadth 10.69; palatine breadth 11.03; postorbital constriction 18.06; braincase breadth 25.67; zygomatic breadth 31.08; mastoid breadth 22.04; height of jugal bone 4.91; mandible length 52.82; anterior mandibular length 12.92; mandibular toothrow length 18.03; height of mandible 15.78.Type locality. Estancia Jeffries, eight miles [13 km] East of Treinta y Tres, Departament Treinta y Tres, Uruguay . According to Sanborn Sanborn  Diagnosis:Dasypus septemcinctus hybridus is small , with 6–7 movable bands, 51–68 scutes along the posterior border of the scapular shield, 48–60 scutes on the 3rd movable band; and 46–59 scutes on the 4th movable band, nine-twelve rings on the tail. A detailed comparison with D. s. septemcinctus is provided in the topic “Diagnosis” of the previous subspecies  come from Jujuy and Salta, northwestern Argentina, where D. s. septemcinctus, D. mazzai and D. novemcinctus also occur. At the other extreme, in the northeastern portion of the distribution, there is a D. s. hybridus record from Cambará do Sul (MCN 3377), an Atlantic Forest region in the northern portion of Rio Grande do Sul. This record contradicts the impression that D. s. hybridus is restricted to the grasslands areas of Rio Grande do Sul. Other records of D. s. hybridus in that state are from Pinheiro, Santa Maria (MPEG 22218), Dom Pedrito (MPEG 22199), and São Gabriel (MCN 2205). Two other specimens are incomplete and could not be differentiated from D. s. septemcinctus; these are from Caxias do Sul (MCNU 2390) and Eldorado do Sul (MCNU 2503).As with Remarks: The etymology of the epithet hybridus is curious and has led to some misinterpretations. Desmarest ([le tatou mulet de d’Azara” as Loricatus hybridus. Azara’s name was based on the indigenous term Tatou m’bouriqua used by the Guaranís (natives from Paraguay) and means mule armadillo (or “Tatou mulet” in French). According to Azara, this name derived from the fact that this species has large, straight, and parallel ears resembling a mule. The mule is a hybrid between a female horse and a male donkey, and most likely was the inspiration for Desmarest’s naming of the species. Another interpretation, one suggested by Braun and Mares [hybridus denoted the species being a hybrid between D. novemcinctus and D. septemcinctus, but this is unlikely because Desmarest treated them both as synonyms.smarest  nd Mares , is thatD. s. hybridus  exhibit a small but remarkable postorbital process, absent in other Dasypus taxa.It is noteworthy that some specimens of Dasypus septemcinctus cordobensis new subspeciesurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB12393C-1F2A-47D8-92AF-D5E9CD777951Fig 38Holotype: MACN 33.20, adult male, specimen in alcohol with separated skull and mandible collected in “Cordoba, Argentina” by Dr. Enrique A. Artayeta on 1933. The holotype has six movable bands at the midline of the dorsum and seven on the sides of the body; four digits on the forefoot and five on the hindfoot; 56 scutes along the posterior margin of the scapular shield; 52 scutes on the 3rd movable band; 54 on the 4th movable band; and twelve concentric rings of scutes on the tail, covering 76% of the tail. External measurements  are: total length 475; tail length 160; hindfoot with claw 60, ear length 24.Paratypes: Four adult males , five adult females , and one subadult male (MACN 33.13). All are alcohol-preserved specimens collected by Dr. Artayeta in Cordoba, Argentina.Diagnosis: Dasypus s. cordobensis is distinguished from Dasypus s. septemcinctus and Dasypus s. hybridus based on external, carapace and cranial measurements . Cordoba is the name of the Argentinian province and also the capital of that province, situated in the central part of the country. Eastward, the province is a flat grassland area, while its western part is mountainous and covered by xerophytic woodland and grassland, ranging in altitude from 100 m up to 2400 m. Five ecoregions are present in Cordoba: Pampa to the extreme east, Espinal in its center, Dry Chaco in the north and west, and Sierra Chaco and Upper mountain grassland in the west [the west .Records of this species in Cordoba are scarce and, according to Soibelzon et al. , are limDasypus: D. beniensis, D. kappleri, D. mazzai, D. novemcinctus, D. pastasae, D. pilosus, D. sabanicola, and D. septemcinctus. We end the 200-year debate about the validity of the southern long-nosed armadillo, Dasypus hybridus, by considering it as a subspecies of Dasypus septemcinctus. Through the designation of a lectotype for Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus and a neotype for Loricatus hybridus (= D. septemcinctus hybridus) Desmarest, each taxon has now a name-bearing type specimen that is crucial for any further taxonomic study.This work represents a comprehensive overview of the systematics of the long-nosed armadillos, compiling information about their taxonomy, distribution, geographic variation, species history, and ecology. Based on the largest sample of the genus thus far examined, we recognize eight species of Dasypus beniensis and D. pastasae from central Amazonia prevents robust delimitations of their distribution limits. For instance, only a single incomplete specimen is available in northwestern Brazil, between the Madeira and Negro rivers, to document the eastern and northern limits of D. pastasae and D. beniensis’ distributions, respectively Click here for additional data file.S2 AppendixCharacters were selected based on our direct observation of specimens in museums and on their use as diagnostic traits in previous taxonomic works on Cingulata [see references (DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S3 AppendixSee (DOCX)Click here for additional data file.


The first author’s name is incorrect in the citation. The correct citation is: Aslam MN, Bassis CM, Zhang L, Zaidi S, Varani J, Bergin IL (2016) Calcium Reduces Liver Injury in Mice on a High-Fat Diet: Alterations in Microbial and Bile Acid Profiles. PLoS ONE 11(11): e0166178.