{"text": "Correction to: BMC Nephrol (2020) 21: 5https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-019-1670-xFollowing publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect affiliation currently reads:2Urology research Center, Hassan Abad Sq., Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranThe correct affiliation should read:2Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranThe original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Although patterns of biodiversity across the globe are well studied, there is still a controversial debate about the underlying mechanisms and their generality across biogeographic scales. In particular, it is unclear to what extent diversity patterns along environmental gradients are directly driven by abiotic factors, such as climate, or indirectly mediated through biotic factors, such as resource effects on consumers.Andes, Southern Ecuador; Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.We studied the diversity of fleshy\u2010fruited plants and avian frugivores at the taxonomic level, that is, species richness and abundance, as well as at the level of functional traits, that is, functional richness and functional dispersion. We compared two important biodiversity hotspots in mountain systems of the Neotropics and Afrotropics. We used field data of plant and bird communities, including trait measurements of 367 plant and bird species. Using structural equation modeling, we disentangled direct and indirect effects of climate and the diversity of plant communities on the diversity of bird communities.We found significant bottom\u2010up effects of fruit diversity on frugivore diversity at the taxonomic level. In contrast, climate was more important for patterns of functional diversity, with plant communities being mostly related to precipitation, and bird communities being most strongly related to temperature.Our results illustrate the general importance of bottom\u2010up mechanisms for the taxonomic diversity of consumers, suggesting the importance of active resource tracking. Our results also suggest that it might be difficult to identify signals of ecological fitting between functional plant and animal traits across biogeographic regions, since different species groups may respond to different climatic drivers. This decoupling between resource and consumer communities could increase under future climate change if plant and animal communities are consistently related to distinct climatic drivers. Although patterns of biodiversity across the globe are well studied, there is still a controversial debate about the underlying mechanisms and their generality across biogeographic scales. We found significant bottom\u2010up effects of fruit diversity on frugivore diversity at the taxonomic level. In contrast, climate was more important for patterns of functional diversity, with plant communities being mostly related to precipitation, and bird communities being most strongly related to temperature. We measured two female and two male specimens of each species. We measured bill length and bill width using a sliding caliper (\u00b10.01\u00a0mm). We measured bill length as the distance from the commissural point of the upper and lower bill to the tip of the closed bill, and bill width as the external distance between the two commissural points, which is functionally equivalent to gape width . We used the \u201cindependent swap\u201d algorithm  which are able to account for both direct and indirect relationships among variables in complex systems , we fitted a separate SEM. Thus, we considered only corresponding metrics of plant and bird communities in each model   and the comparative fit index (CFI)  and Cecropia (492 visits), and Miconia (32 visits) was equally among the most frequently visited genera at higher altitudes  was the most frequent bird species at lower elevations of the Ecuadorian Andes, while the Lacrimose Mountain\u2010Tanager  was most frequent at higher elevations (see Appendix\u00a0Lannea (307 visits) and Ozoroa (91 visits) were frequently visited at lower elevations, while Schefflera  was most frequently visited by birds at high elevations  was the most frequent bird species at low elevations, while the Montane White\u2010Eye  was the most frequent visitor at high elevations of Mt. Kilimanjaro . Moreover, FD of plant and bird communities varied across both mountain ranges  and 2\u201353 (median\u00a0=\u00a023) species per plot in the Ecuadorian Andes and 5\u201315 (median\u00a0=\u00a07.5) and 7\u201323 (median\u00a0=\u00a012.5) species per plot on Mt. Kilimanjaro, respectively. Species turn\u2010over between plots was high and, on average, 90% of plant species in the Ecuadorian Andes and 88% on Mt. Kilimanjaro, and 80% of bird species in the Ecuadorian Andes and 83% on Mt. Kilimanjaro were replaced between plots \u00a0>\u00a00.05; lower 90% of confidence intervals of RMSEA close to 0; CFI\u00a0>\u00a00.95). Results were consistent across biogeographic regions, with exception of plant functional dispersion . With increasing temperature, species richness in plant communities significantly increased, which in turn caused a significant increase in species richness of bird communities Figure\u00a0. SimilarSES), but these links were not statistically significant  of bird communities increased significantly with mean annual temperature, while FRic of plant communities was strongly positively linked to mean annual precipitation Figure\u00a0. For bot4We compared patterns of taxonomic and functional diversity of frugivorous birds across two major mountain systems of the Neotropics and Afrotropics and simultaneously disentangled direct and indirect effects of climate and resource diversity. The overall diversity of fleshy\u2010fruited plants and avian frugivores was higher in the Ecuadorian Andes than on Mt. Kilimanjaro, which is in line with other studies showing similar differences between the two biogeographic regions  showed signs of functional clustering, which is typically explained by environmental filtering , data curation (lead), formal analysis (lead), funding acquisition , investigation (lead), methodology (lead), project administration (lead), resources (lead), software (lead), supervision (lead), validation (lead), visualization (lead), writing \u2013 original draft (lead), writing \u2013 review and editing (lead). J\u00f6rg Albrecht: Conceptualization (supporting), data curation (supporting), formal analysis , funding acquisition (supporting), investigation (supporting), methodology , project administration (supporting), resources (supporting), software (supporting), supervision (supporting), validation , visualization , writing \u2013 original draft , writing \u2013 review and editing . Katrin B\u00f6hning\u2010Gaese: Conceptualization , data curation (supporting), formal analysis (supporting), funding acquisition (lead), investigation (supporting), methodology (supporting), project administration (lead), resources , software , supervision , validation (supporting), visualization (supporting), writing \u2013 original draft (supporting), writing \u2013 review and editing (supporting). Andreas Hemp: Conceptualization (supporting), data curation (supporting), formal analysis (supporting), funding acquisition (supporting), investigation (supporting), methodology (supporting), project administration (supporting), resources (supporting), software (supporting), supervision (supporting), validation (supporting), visualization (supporting), writing \u2013 original draft (supporting), writing \u2013 review and editing (supporting). Kim M. Howell: Conceptualization (supporting), data curation (supporting), formal analysis (supporting), funding acquisition (supporting), investigation (supporting), methodology (supporting), project administration (supporting), resources (supporting), software (supporting), supervision (supporting), validation (supporting), visualization (supporting), writing \u2013 original draft (supporting), writing \u2013 review and editing (supporting). Laura Kettering: Conceptualization (supporting), data curation (supporting), formal analysis (supporting), funding acquisition (supporting), investigation (supporting), methodology (supporting), project administration (lead), resources (supporting), software (supporting), supervision (supporting), validation (supporting), visualization (supporting), writing \u2013 original draft (supporting), writing \u2013 review and editing (supporting). Alexander Neu: Conceptualization (supporting), data curation (supporting), formal analysis (supporting), funding acquisition (supporting), investigation (supporting), methodology (supporting), project administration (supporting), resources (supporting), software (supporting), supervision (supporting), validation (supporting), visualization (supporting), writing \u2013 original draft (supporting), writing \u2013 review and editing (supporting). Eike Lena Neuschulz: Conceptualization , data curation , formal analysis , funding acquisition , investigation , methodology , project administration , resources , software , supervision , validation , visualization , writing \u2013 original draft , writing \u2013 review and editing . Marta Quiti\u00e1n: Conceptualization (supporting), data curation (supporting), formal analysis (supporting), funding acquisition (supporting), investigation (supporting), methodology (supporting), project administration (supporting), resources (supporting), software (supporting), supervision (supporting), validation (supporting), visualization (supporting), writing \u2013 original draft (supporting), writing \u2013 review and editing (supporting). Vinicio E. Santill\u00e1n: Conceptualization (supporting), data curation (supporting), formal analysis (supporting), funding acquisition (supporting), investigation (supporting), methodology (supporting), project administration (supporting), resources (supporting), software (supporting), supervision (supporting), validation (supporting), visualization (supporting), writing \u2013 original draft (supporting), writing \u2013 review and editing (supporting). Till T\u00f6pfer: Conceptualization (supporting), data curation (supporting), formal analysis (supporting), funding acquisition (supporting), investigation (supporting), methodology (supporting), project administration (supporting), resources (supporting), software (supporting), supervision (supporting), validation (supporting), visualization (supporting), writing \u2013 original draft (supporting), writing \u2013 review and editing (supporting). Matthias Schleuning: Conceptualization (lead), data curation , formal analysis , funding acquisition , investigation , methodology , project administration , resources , software , supervision , validation , visualization , writing \u2013 original draft , writing \u2013 review and editing . Susanne A. Fritz: Conceptualization (lead), data curation (lead), formal analysis (lead), funding acquisition (lead), investigation (lead), methodology (lead), project administration (lead), resources (lead), software (lead), supervision (lead), validation (lead), visualization (lead), writing \u2013 original draft (lead), writing \u2013 review and editing (lead).Figure S1aClick here for additional data file.Figure S1bClick here for additional data file.Figure S2Click here for additional data file.Appendix S1Click here for additional data file.Appendix S2Click here for additional data file.Appendix S3Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Corrigendum to: A high-protein total diet replacement increases energy expenditure and leads to negative fat balance in healthy, normal-weight adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2021;113:476\u2013487.In the above article, Table 1 has been updated as follows online:Previous versionCorrected version"}
{"text": "The full-genome sequences of strains chicken/Indonesia/Cilebut/010WJ/2015 and chicken/Indonesia/ITA/012WJ/1951, isolated in West Java, Indonesia, in 2015 and 1951, respectively, were examined. Chicken/Indonesia/Cilebut/010WJ/2015 (genotype VII) caused a 2015 disease outbreak in Indonesia, and chicken/Indonesia/ITA/012WJ/1951 (genotype VI) is used as a standard strain for challenge in Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine trials. The full-genome sequences of strains chicken/Indonesia/Cilebut/010WJ/2015 and chicken/Indonesia/ITA/012WJ/1951, isolated in West Java, Indonesia, in 2015 and 1951, respectively, were examined. Chicken/Indonesia/Cilebut/010WJ/2015 (genotype VII) caused a 2015 disease outbreak in Indonesia, and chicken/Indonesia/ITA/012WJ/1951 (genotype VI) is used as a standard strain for challenge in Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine trials. Avian orthoavulavirus 1, the type virus of the Orthoavulavirus genus in the Paramyxoviridae family  outbreaks have caused high mortality in commercial chickens, even when vaccinated with attenuated Newcastle disease virus (NDV) . Formalle family . Genotype family , 4, but e family . Chickene family . Strain e family . Strain Full-genome sequences of strains Cilebut and ITA were analyzed. Both strains were propagated in the allantoic cavities of 9-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken eggs, fluid was collected by day 4, and infections were confirmed using a hemagglutination test . Viral RAY562988.1). These contigs were also aligned to strain Fontana using minimap2 V2.17 . Annotation was performed as described above. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of strain Cilebut revealed that it belongs to genotype VII, with the fusion protein cleavage site motif 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117.The raw sequence data were assembled using Unicycler V0.4.8 with default parameters . The assGenotype VII NDVs are predominantly responsible for ND outbreaks in Indonesia; however, genotype II is used in most Indonesian vaccines, and the standard challenge strain used in vaccine efficacy trials is from genotype VI. Antigenic disparities between the vaccine, challenge, and field strains of NDV may enable disease outbreaks in vaccinated chickens.MN727299 and SRR11593163, respectively, and those for chicken/Indonesia/ITA/012WJ/1951 are MN727300 and SRR11593165, respectively.The GenBank and Sequence Read Archive (SRA) accession numbers for chicken/Indonesia/Cilebut/010WJ/2015 are"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Mayfong Mayxay. The correct citation is: Wootton CI, Sodaly MK, Billamay SX, English JSC, Mayxay M (2020) Patch test results in paediatric patients with atopic dermatitis in Laos. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231455."}
{"text": "A high cognitive load situation (HCLS) is completing two or more tasks simultaneously . Differential allocation of attentional demands creates HCLS, potentially deteriorating cognitive and/or gait performance, impacting fall risk. This study investigated whether different load types  impacted gait and cognitive performance among young , middle-aged , and older  adults. In 3-minute trials, participants completed single-task walking (ST-W) and phone conversations with easy  and difficult  topics, and also combined walking and talking (easy: HCLS-E and difficult: HCLS-D). For gait, speed, step length (SL) and stride width (SW) were analyzed with 3 x 3(Age) repeated-measures ANOVAs. HCLS resulted in slower speed , and wider SW (p=.008) across groups. Older adults exhibited shorter SL across walking conditions (p=.002) compared to young and middle-aged. For cognition, Word Count (WC) and Authenticity (i.e. honesty) were analyzed with 2(Evs.D) x 2(STvs.HCLS) x 3(Age) repeated-measures ANOVAs. Main effects emerged for conversation topic in WC (p=.04) and Authenticity (p<.001); difficult topics negatively impacted participants\u2019 cognitive performance, likely resulting from higher attention to maintain conversations without personal interactions . Marginal age-group differences (p=.056) revealed older age resulted in less authentic conversations. The HCLS in this study negatively impacted gait and cognitive performance. Understanding this relationship may ultimately inform development of interventions to improve allocation of attentional demands, potentially mitigating fall risk."}
{"text": "Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67230-z, published online 25 June 2020Correction to: This Article contains typographical errors in the Acknowledgements section.\u201cThe funding from National Natural Science Foundation of China is acknowledged, grant numbers: 31971136, U1530402, U1430237.\u201dshould read:\u201cThe funding from National Natural Science Foundation of China is acknowledged, grant numbers: 31971136, U1930402, U1430237.\u201d"}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error. The correct citation is: Nutor JJ, Duodu PA, Agbadi P, Duah HO, Oladimeji KE, Gondwe KW (2020) Predictors of high HIV+ prevalence in Mozambique: A complex samples logistic regression modeling and spatial mapping approaches. PLoS ONE 15(6): e0234034."}
{"text": "Targeting mitochondrial oxidative stress with MitoQ reduces NET formation and kidney disease in lupus-prone MRL-lpr mice. Lupus Sci Med 2020;7:e000387.Fortner KA, Blanco LP, Buskiewicz I, The published version misspelled co-author\u2019s name as Andreas Perl. The correct name should be Andras Perl."}
{"text": "Blood pressure monitoring in high-risk pregnancy to improve the detection and monitoring of hypertension : protocol for two linked randomised controlled trials. BMJ Open 2020;10:e034593. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034593Dougall G, Franssen M, Tucker KL, The article has been corrected since it was published online. The affiliation of Lucy Mackillop has been updated both in author byline and Acknowledgement section."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-019-49997-y, published online 23 September 2019Correction to: This Article contains errors.Reference 17 was incorrectly given as:Verma, M., Ghangal, R., Sharma, R., Sinha, A. K. & Jain, M. Transcriptome analysis of Catharanthus roseus for gene discovery and expression profiling. PLoS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103583 (2014).The correct reference is listed below as ref. Additionally, a citation to reference 17 should be included in the Results and Discussion, where the sentence,\u201cAssembly of the available transcriptomes of P. solenopsis discovered the presence of 55198 transcripts in second instar (SRR6782025), 55569 transcripts in adult (SRR6782023), 49193 transcripts in third instar (SRR6782022) and 64497 in the eggs (SRR6782024)\u201dshould read:17\u201d\u201cAssembly of the available transcriptomes of P. solenopsis discovered the presence of 55198 transcripts in second instar (SRR6782025), 55569 transcripts in adult (SRR6782023), 49193 transcripts in third instar (SRR6782022) and 64497 in the eggs (SRR6782024)"}
{"text": "By Wenyuanyue Wang, ZiAn He, Nannan Feng, Yuyang Cai Tobacco Induced Diseases, Volume 17, Issue April, Pages 1-11 Publish date: 16 April 2019DOI:https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/105393In the original article, the acronym ITC was mistakenly defined as the International Trade Center. The correct definition for the acronym ITC is International Tobacco Control. The correction is shown below :However, the International Tobacco Control (ITC) China survey revealed that the percentage of smokers who had heard of e-cigarette rose from 29%  to 60% ."}
{"text": "Anoplophora Hope, 1839 is a genus including more than 40 species occurring in Asia. Most species of this genus have beautiful colours on the elytra and are of great interest to insect collectors. Due to their developing in and consuming wood in the larval stage, species in this genus could be economically important, such as A.glabripennis, an introduced species to North America.Anoplophorafanjingensis sp. n., based on specimens from Mount Fanjing , Jiankou County, Guizhou, China. The new species is characterised by its elytra with metallic iridescent sheen and the non-annulated antennae. Habitus of two similar species, Anoplophorachiangi and Anoplophoraleechi, are also presented.We described  Anoplophora Hope, 1839 is a genus of the tribe Lamiini  that encompasses more than 40 species occurring in Asia  and one female, of the new species were collected by light traps in Huixiangping, Jiangkou County, Guizhou Province, China. Morphological characters were examined using an AmScope SM-4TZ stereomicroscope. Habitus pictures were taken with a Canon EOS 6D digital camera fitted with a Carl Zeiss Milvus 100 mm lenses. Male genitalia were photographed with an Olympus SZX7 stereomicroscope using an Olympus DP22 camera. Type materials were deposited in the School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China (GZNULS).The data underpinning the analysis reported in this paper are deposited at GBIF, the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, http://ipt.pensoft.net/resource.do?r=xxxxxx.Yang, Yang and Tian, 2020sp. n.831F60F7-D217-515B-9BFB-7FA3D5F33C0FF5ADCAD9-3DA0-4DB5-BA64-970355D694E6Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Boyang Li; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Jiangkou; locality: Huixiangping, Mount Fanjing; verbatimElevation: ca. 1700 m; verbatimLatitude: 27\u00b054.18\u2019 N; verbatimLongitude: 108\u00b042.40\u2019 E; Event: year: 2017; month: 7; day: 6-14Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Boyan Li; individualCount: 1; sex: female; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Jiangkou; locality: Huixiangping, Mount Fanjing; verbatimElevation: ca. 1700 m; verbatimLatitude: 27\u00b054.18\u2019 N; verbatimLongitude: 108\u00b042.40\u2019 E; Event: year: 2016; month: 6; day: 20Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Boyan Li; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guizhou; county: Jiangkou; locality: Huixiangping, Mount Fanjing; verbatimElevation: ca. 1700 m; verbatimLatitude: 27\u00b054.18\u2019 N; verbatimLongitude: 108\u00b042.40\u2019 E; Event: year: 2016; month: 6; day: 25Male: black, body length, male . Hairs on the antennae and the dorsal tarsomeres 1\u20143 of female are bluish, while pale in male. Metallic iridescent sheen on the elytra of female is blue to green, while purple to green in male. Anterior projection of the mesosternal intercoxal process is weakly developed in female, but not developed in male. Middle notch at apex of terminal ventrite of female is deeper than that of male.Anoplophorafanjingensis sp. n., can be distinguished from most of its congeners by the non-annulated antennae, the pronotum with only one indistinct posterior callus and the metallic iridescent sheen on elytra. Anoplophorachiangi Hua & Zhang, 1991  . However, A.albopicta was described from Taiwan and has not been recorded in mainland China . Although the type of A.tonkinea is not available for examination, it was designated as incertae sedis by A.tonkinea has multiple calli on the pronotum.nd China . Based oThe specific name refers to the collecting location, Mount Fanjing."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Med Inform Decis Mak (2020) 20:177https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01199-7Following publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect names were: Fung Jinchao, Kaleem Arshad, and Girridhar Reddy BojaThe correct author names are: Feng Jinchao, Kaleem Arshid, and Giridhar Reddy BojaThe author group has been updated above and the original article  has been"}
{"text": "Subgroup analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of study design. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to determine the level of evidence. In total, 2544 records were identified through database searches; 914 duplicate records were excluded, 1452 records were removed after screening of titles and abstracts, 151 records were excluded after full-text screening, and 27 articles were included in the final meta-analyses. A total of 240,706,026 patients  were considered. No significant difference in sleep duration between the allergic rhinitis and the control groups was found. Patients with allergic rhinitis presented with significantly higher sleep quality scores, sleep disturbances scores, and sleep latency scores; more frequent use of sleep medications; and lower sleep efficiency as measured by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and polysomnography. Meta-analyses for adjusted odds ratios showed that allergic rhinitis was also associated with higher risks of nocturnal dysfunctions, including insomnia, nocturnal enuresis, restless sleep, sleep-disordered breathing, obstructive sleep apnea, and snoring. Meta-analysis for adjusted odds ratio also showed that allergic rhinitis was associated with daytime dysfunction, including difficulty waking up, daytime sleepiness, morning headache, and the use of sleep medications. The overall quality of evidence ranged from low to very low, indicating that caution is required when interpreting these results. This study demonstrates that there is a significant association of AR with sleep characteristics.This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the associations of allergic rhinitis with sleep duration and sleep impairment. Observational studies published before August 2019 were obtained through English language literature searches in the PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases. Mean differences and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were extracted and used for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was confirmed by the I Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common inflammatory disorder generally caused by an immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated response to a variety of environmental allergens, including cockroach frass, animal dander, pollens, dust mites, and molds . It is cSleep is crucial for human mood, memory, endocrine and immune system functions, and cognition \u201314. PoorThere is a growing body of population-based research on the association between AR and sleep patterns. AR has been found to be positively associated with sleep- disordered breathing (SDB) , obstrucThus, the present study aims to assess the association of AR with sleep pattern by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of published observational studies.This systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement .Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies examining associations between AR and sleep published before August 2019 were searched in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL. Combinations of sleep-related search terms  and AR-related search terms  were employed when screening titles/abstracts/keywords of articles. The full electronic search strategy can be found in the The following inclusion criteria were applied to the literature search process: (1) cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies published in refereed English language journals; (2) the study exposure of interest was AR; (3) for studies comparing differences in sleep  between AR and a control group, the outcomes were reported as mean + standard deviation (SD), mean + confident interval (CI), mean + standard error (SE), median + interquartile (IQ), median + range, or number of cases with adverse events; (4) for studies evaluating the effect of AR on sleep-related outcomes, estimation of an odds ratio (OR), risk ratio (RR), or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI was provided; and (5) study control group was a population without AR.Data extraction was performed using a standard data extraction form by one investigator (J.L.) and reviewed by another investigator (Y.W.). Disagreements were resolved through negotiations with a third investigator (Y.Z.) until a consensus was reached. The following information was extracted from included studies: title, last name of the first author, country, number and age of subjects, exposure and outcome, measures of exposure and research endpoints, mean + SD/CI/SE, median + IQ/range, number of cases, and HR/OR/RR with 95% CI.The quality of studies included in this review were assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) . A studyet al  with high heterogeneity  in patients with AR. The AR group presented with a higher, though not significant, sum ESS score [MD with 95% CI = 1.53 ]. Five articles reporting PSG outcomes showed lower scores of sleep efficiency  in the AR group  scores in patients with AR. Compared with the control group, the AR group presented with higher sum PSQI scores [MD with 95% CI = 0.68 ], higher sleep disturbances scores [MD with 95% CI = 0.20 ], and higher sleep latency scores ). The IAR group .2 = 28.50%], restless sleep , SDB , OSA , and snoring . AR was also associated with a higher risk of daytime sleep-related dysfunctions, including difficulty waking up [OR with 95% CI = 2.58 ], daytime sleepiness , morning headache [OR with 95% CI = 6.16 ], and the use of sleeping pills [OR with 95% CI = 1.69 ].We conducted subgroup analysis stratified by study design for sleep duration, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), sleep efficiency measured by PSG, the percent of sleep stage REM measured by PSG, OSA, and snoring. Significant differences in results from different study designs were observed for AHI, sleep efficiency measured by PSG, and the percent of sleep stage REM measured by PSG, indicating the potential influence of study design on pooled results. Detailed information is shown in the supplemental material \u2013S11 FigsMost of the included studies were of high quality according to the NOS criteria. Detailed information is shown in et al [By omitting one study each time using a random effects model, sensitivity analysis was conducted for meta-analyses of sleep duration, ESS score, AHI assessed by PSG, sleep efficiency assessed by PSG, the percentage of sleep stage REM assessed by PSG, nocturnal enuresis, restless sleep, OSA, snoring, and daytime sleepiness. Pooled results of sleep duration and AHI assessed by PSG were significantly sensitive to the study of Zheng et al , becauseThe overall quality of evidence using GRADE\u2019s Summary of Findings table was judged to be low or very low. Risk of bias, inconsistencies , indirectness, and imprecision were found due to lack of adjusting confounding factors, incorporation of different age groups and study designs, self-reported AR, and sleep outcomes. The Summary of Findings table can be found in In the present review, no significant differences in sleep duration between the AR and control groups were observed. AR patients presented with increased sleep quality scores, sleep disturbance scores, and sleep latency scores on the PSQI scale and a decreased sleep efficiency score using PSG. AR was also found to be associated with a higher risk of nocturnal sleep-related dysfunctions, including insomnia, nocturnal enuresis, restless sleep, SDB, OSA, and snoring. Additionally, AR was found to be associated with a higher risk of daytime sleep-related dysfunctions, including difficulty waking up, daytime sleepiness, morning headache, and the use of sleeping pills.The main underlying mechanisms for the association between AR and altered sleep patterns can be summarized as follows: (1) inflammatory cytokines related to AR produce fatigue directly; (2) AR symptoms and underlying pathophysiologic changes affect sleep indirectly; and (3) the effect of autonomic system dysfunction in patients with AR.Inflammatory mediators, including histamine, are released in AR and have a direct influence on the central nervous system, contributing to sleep disturbances and daytime sleepiness , 42. HisSymptoms of AR include nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and pruritus. Among these symptoms, nasal obstruction is the most troublesome one for patients \u201347. NasaImbalance of the autonomic system in AR is also thought to be involved to the association between AR and sleep impairment . As one To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the association between AR and sleep based on observational investigations. A 2018 systematic review focused on the association between AR and OSA and applied a meta-analysis of population-based studies; however, this article concentrated mainly on the prevalence of AR in subjects with or without OSA/SDB . Anotheret al., which was conducted in patients with OSA. We included a limited number of studies focusing on OSA patients and failed to detect a difference between the normal population and patients with OSA. More investigations conducted in patients with OSA are needed. Third, some outcomes of sleep impairment are confirmed by self-reported questionnaires, which are vulnerable to recall bias and potentially affected by social norms. Further longitudinal research with objective measurements are warranted.There are some limitations to the current study. First, most of the included studies are cross-sectional or case-controlled, which do not allow for inferences of causal relationships. Second, some results from this study\u2019s meta-analyses display sensitivity to a single study included in the analysis, potentially due to the limited number of included studies. In terms of the sensitivity analysis of sleep duration and AHI assessed by PSG, the inverse MD is caused by the study of Zheng There is a significant association of AR with sleep characteristics; however, due to the very low GRADE level of evidence, caution is required when interpreting our results.S1 FigCI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; SD: standard deviation.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S2 FigCI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; SD: standard deviation.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S3 FigCI: confidence interval; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; MD: mean difference; SD: standard deviation.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S4 FigAHI: apnea-hypopnea index; CI: confidence interval; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; MD: mean difference; PSG: polysomnography; REM: rapid eye movement; SD: standard deviation.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S5 FigAR: allergic rhinitis; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; SDB: sleep-disordered breathing.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S6 FigCI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; SD: standard deviation.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S7 FigAHI: apnea-hypopnea index; CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; SD: standard deviation.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S8 FigAHI: apnea-hypopnea index; CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; PSG: polysomnography; SD: standard deviation.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S9 FigCI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; REM: rapid eye movement; SD: standard deviation.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S10 FigCI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S11 FigCI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.S12 FigCI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference.(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S13 FigCI: confidence interval; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; MD: mean difference.(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S14 FigAHI: apnea-hypopnea index; CI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; PSG: polysomnography.(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S15 FigCI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; PSG: polysomnography.(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S16 FigCI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; PSG: polysomnography; REM: rapid eye movement.(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S17 FigCI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S18 FigCI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S19 FigCI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea.(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S20 FigCI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S21 FigCI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S1 Table(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S2 Table(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S3 Table(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S4 Table(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S5 TableAHI: apnea-hypopnea index; CI: confidence interval; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; MD: mean difference; REM: rapid eye movement; PSQI: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; PSG: polysomnography.(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S6 TableCI: confidence interval; MD: mean difference; OR: odds ratio; OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; SD: standard deviation; SDB: sleep-disordered breathing.(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S7 Table(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S1 File(TXT)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Open Biol.10, 200029 (Published Online 2 September 2020) (doi:10.1098/rsob.200029)This correction refers to an error in the affiliation of author Paromita Das. The affiliation should read as follows - Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad- 201002, India."}
{"text": "In this study, we investigated whether pulmonary function tests such as forced oscillation technique parameters could predict perioperative respiratory complications. In the results of our study, perioperative respiratory complications cannot be predicted using the results of preoperative pulmonary function tests and forced oscillation technique parameters. Patients who are judged by comprehensive preoperative judgment to be suitable for general anesthesia may not need to consider the risk of perioperative complications using pulmonary function test. Dear Editor,1). MostGraph  is a device that measures the resistance and reactance of the respiratory system using the FOT and was developed in Japan . Previoawa, 2011). Airwayawa, 2011). th June, 2014). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. This study was performed according to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Fifty-five patients underwent cardiovascular surgery, and 48 patients underwent lung or mediastinal surgery. There were 25 cases of perioperative respiratory complications . No deaths due to perioperative respiratory complications were observed. There were no significant differences in FVC or FEV1 between groups with or without perioperative respiratory complications. There was also no significant difference between groups in FOT parameters  for the English language review.Akira Igarashi: Data curation, Original draft preparation, Sumito Inoue: Conceptualization, Study design, Yoko Shibata: Conceptualization, Writing-Reviewing, Keiko Nunomiya: Administration of data base, Takahito Ota, Yu Ishibashi, Hiroaki Murano, Kodai Furuyama, Sujeong Yang, Hiroyoshi Machida: Data analysis. Hiroshi Nakano, Kento Sato, Masamichi Sato, Takako Nemoto, Michiko Nishiwaki, Keiko Yamauchi, Jun Suzuki: Data collection, Explanation and receipt of informed consent from patients, Mitsuaki Sadahiro, Masafumi Watanabe: Reviewing and Editing, All authors: Data interpretation, Final approval of the manuscript.This work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP26861222.AI received lecture fees from AstraZeneca K.K., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan.SI received lecture fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Novartis Pharma K.K., AstraZeneca K.K., GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, MSD K.K., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd., KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan K.K., NIHON PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., TEIJIN PHARMA LIMITED., Pfizer Japan Inc., DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY, LIMITED, and received research grant from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K., MSD K.K., KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., and JSPS KAKENHI (grant number 19K08658).YS received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, AstraZeneca K.K., Novartis Pharma K.K., KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pfizer Japan Inc., GlaxoSmithKline K.K., CHEST, received advisory fee from GlaxoSmithKline K.K., and received research grant from Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, AstraZeneca K.K., Novartis Pharma K.K., KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and JSPS KAKENHI (grant number 19K08658). TO received lecture fee from MSD K.K.KF received lecture fee from Boehringer Ingelheim Japan.SY received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, AstraZeneca K.K. HMa received lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim Japan.HN received lecture fees from Pfizer Japan Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, AstraZeneca K.K. KS received lecture fee from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., GlaxoSmithKline K.K., AstraZeneca K.K., Sanofi K. K. and research grant from GlaxoSmithKline K.K.MS received lecture fees from AstraZeneca K.K., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan. TN received lecture fee from Teijin Pharma Ltd Japan. KY received lecture fee from Pfizer Japan Inc. MW received research grants from MSD K.K., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation., Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd., KISSEI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., Kyowa Kirin Co.,Ltd., Sanofi K.K., SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., Taisho Pharma Co., Ltd., CHUGAI PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., TEIJIN PHARMA LIMITED., Torii Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nihon Medi-Physics Co.,Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K., BIOTRONIK Japan, Inc., FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd., Roche Diagnostics K.K., Kowa Company, Limited, Abbott Vascular Japan Co., Ltd., Cardinal Health Japan, Kowa Company, Limited, research grants and personal fees from Actelion Pharmaceuticals Japan Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., ONO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD., DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY, LIMITED, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co ., Ltd., MEDTRONIC JAPAN CO., LTD., Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., Pfizer Japan Inc., MOCHIDA PHARMACEUTICAL CO.,LTD., personal fees from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, KOWA PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY LTD., TOA EIYO LTD., Bristol-Myers Squibb K.K., AstraZeneca K.K., Edwards Lifesciences Corporation, Amgen. Inc., Japan Lifeline Co., Ltd..KN, YI, HMu, MN, JS, and MS have no COI."}
{"text": "Journal of Experimental Botany, Advance Access publication: 20 May 2020, doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraa245An equation in the above article has been corrected as below.Incorrect equation:Corrected equation:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Aparajita Chattopadhyay. The correct citation is: Saha UR, Chattopadhyay A, Richardus JH (2019) Trends, prevalence and determinants of childhood chronic undernutrition in regional divisions of Bangladesh: Evidence from demographic health surveys, 2011 and 2014. PLoS ONE 14(8): e0220062."}
{"text": "Journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical MedicineRevista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical/Title:Anopheles deaneorum: a new potential malaria vector in State of Santa Catarina, Brazil (Diptera: Culicidae) Vol.:46(1): 2013 - doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682201200342013 - AUTHORPage 121Vinicios Ferreira de FreitasShould read:L\u00edlian Ferreira de Freitas"}
{"text": "Inadequate weather conditions are one of the main threats to the correct development of sensitive crops, where a bad situation can lead to greater stress on plants and their weakness against various diseases. This statement is especially decisive in the cultivation of the vineyard. Meteorological monitoring of vineyard parcels is vital to detect and prevent possible fungal diseases. The development of new Information and Communication Technologies, linked to the Smart Farming movement, together with the reduced cost of electronic components, have favoured a greater availability of meteorological monitoring stations to get to know first-class hand the state of the vineyard smallholdings. This work provides a set of over 750,000 environmental raw data records collected by low-cost Internet of Things nodes, primarily located within vineyard smallholdings. The published observations were collected between 2018-04-01 and 2018-10-31 and were validated in previous research to determine the data's reliability. Also, the low-cost sensors can be compared to other low-cost sensors, and a qualitative and performance comparative can be carried out. Data has been kept raw (including outliers), thus allowing sensor reliability to be verified.\u2022Another value of this data set is in the development of energy strategies. The battery levels of IoT nodes are also provided; these values can be used to study how meteorological variables affect the discharge of the battery and its charge using a solar panel.1SEnviroSEnviro nodes feature different improvements, such as the feasibility of performing remote updates managing Over-the-Air (OTA) updates; a greater autonomy supporting 3G connectivity, and solar panel plus applied energy policies; and replicability because it is made up of open hardware and other elements such as 3D-printed pieces SEnviro node collects environmental sensor measurements, such as temperature, air humidity, soil moisture, atmospheric pressure, rain, and wind speed/direction phenomena. Battery level values are also recorded. Seven SEnviro nodes were deployed in outdoor environments; four of them were located within vineyard smallholdings. The following tables  and Si7021 (relative humidity and temperature) chips. Moreover, it contains two RJ11 connectors to attach anemometer and rain gauge sensors.\u2022Solar panel and lithium-ion battery. A waterproof solar panel is included to offer an autonomous energy supply. This panel charges the battery and provides a continuous IoT node operation. A lithium-ion battery is included; it holds a 2000\u00a0mA capacity and provides an output voltage of 3.7\u00a0V.\u2022Soil moisture. This element measures the moisture of the soil. It has two pads, and they act as a variable resistor; it gets better conductivity when more water therein in the soil. To obtain the final output (percentage) a re-map function is needed from 0\u20134096 to 0\u2013100.\u2022Weather meters. An anemometer and rain gauge compose it. They measure the speed and direction of wind and precipitation. Both sensors are connected using RJ11 connectors.Next list summarizes each component used to build a node:\u2022Temperature. Manufacturer: SparkFun; Model: Si7021; Data Interface: Analog; Units: Centigrade; Range: ; Accuracy: \u00b10.4 degrees (C)\u2022Humidity. Manufacturer: SparkFun; Model: Si7021; Data Interface: Analog; Units: Percentage; Range: ; Accuracy: \u00b13 RH\u2022Barometric pressure. Manufacturer: SparkFun; Model: MPL3115A2; Data Interface: I2C; Units: Hectopascal; Range: ; Accuracy: \u00b10.04 hPa\u2022Soil moisture. Manufacturer: SparkFun; Model: DS18B20; Data Interface: Analog; Units: Percentage; Range: ; Accuracy: \u00b10.5 RH\u2022Wind speed. Manufacturer: SparkFun; Model: SEN08942; Data Interface: Analog (RJ11); Units: km/h; Range: N/A; Accuracy: N/A\u2022Wind direction. Manufacturer: SparkFun; Model: SEN08942; Data Interface: Analog (RJ11); Units: Direction (degrees); Range: (0) North, (1) NE, (2) East, (3) SE, (4) South, (5) SW, (6) West, (7) NW and (-1) error; Accuracy: N/A\u2022Rain meter. Manufacturer: SparkFun; Model: SEN08942; Data Interface: Analog (RJ11); Units: millilitres (mm); Range: (0) North, (1) NE, (2) East, (3) SE, (4) South, (5) SW, (6) West, (7) NW and (-1) error; Accuracy: N/A\u2022Battery. Manufacturer: N/A; Model: N/A; Data Interface: N/A; Units: Percentage; Range: ; Accuracy: N/AFollowing each phenomena collected is described providing units, range and accuracy.2.2SEnviro node have been deployed; four nodes have been placed in vineyard smallholdings in the province of Castell\u00f3 : 40.133098, \u22120.061000; Area (Metres2): 20,000; Grape Variety: Monastrell.\u2022SEnviro Id.: 380033001951343334363036; Location : 40.206870, 0.015536; Area (Metres2): 18,000; Grape Variety: Cabernet, Syrah, Merlot and Chardonnay.\u2022SEnviro Id.: 4e0031000251353337353037; Location : 40.141384, \u22120.026397; Area (Metres2): 15,000; Grape Variety: Bonicaire.\u2022SEnviro Id.:46005a000351353337353037; Location : 40.167529, \u22120.097165; Area (Metres2): 20,000; Grape Variety: Merlot, Tempranillo, Cabernet sauvignon, Syrah and others.Seven units of the Castell\u00f3  and 2. A200034001951343334363036, 46004e000251353337353037 and 4e0031000251353337353037. The location of these nodes was the Universitat Jaume I .The other three nodes were deployed in outdoor environments for testing proposes. These testing IoT nodes correspond to identifiers article sketches (code)PSEnviro source code developed to collect and send measurements to a main server using 3G connectivity is available in the following repository The Sergio Trilles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing - original draft, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Writing - original draft. Alberto Gonz\u00e1lez-P\u00e9rez: Software, Data curation, Writing - review & editing. Benito Zaragoz\u00ed: Formal analysis, Validation, Writing - original draft. Joaqu\u00edn Huerta: Supervision, Writing - review & editing.The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships which have, or could be perceived to have, influenced the work reported in this article."}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error. The correct name is: Frederik Buchvald. The correct citation is: Garioud ALdB, Skoven FH, Gregersen R, Lange T, Buchvald F, Greisen G (2020) The increased susceptibility to airway infections after preterm birth does not persist into adolescence. PLoS ONE 15(9): e0238382."}
{"text": "Correction to: Reprod Health (2020) 17:59https://doi.org/10.1186/s12978-020-0900-9Following publication of the original article , we haveThe following authors have to be added:Moazzam AliMercedes BonetNathalie BroutetEdna KaraCaron KimAnna ThorsonSoe Soe ThwinAffiliation of the above-mentioned authors is:UNDP/UNFPA/UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction (HRP), Geneva, Switzerland"}
{"text": "Clubionamilingae Barrion-Dupo, Barrion & Heong, 2013 was described from a single male and no additional specimens have been recorded. The original description was brief and the illustrations were inadequate.Clubionamilingae is redescribed and illustrated based on new material from the type locality and the new distribution region . The female is reported for the first time. Clubionaapiculata species group, \ufb01rst de\ufb01ned by Clubiona sensu lato. The group presents a distinct set of characters and has been considered as putatively monophyletic  due to their characteristic genital organs. Additionally, we found some characters were overlooked in the original description of the male. The aim of the current paper is to redescribe the male and report the female for the first time, providing detailed morphological descriptions and illustrations.lication . RecentlSpiders were fixed and preserved in 80% ethanol. Specimens were examined with an Olympus SZX7 stereomicroscope; details were studied with an Olympus CX41 compound microscope. Female epigynes and male palps were examined and illustrated after dissection. Epigynes were removed and cleared in warm lactic acid before illustration. The image of the vulva was made after being embedded in Arabic gum. Photos were made with a Cannon EOS70D digital camera mounted on an Olympus CX41 compound microscope. The digital images were taken and assembled using the Helicon focus 6.80 software package.All measurements were obtained using an Olympus SZX7 stereomicroscope and are given in millimetres. Eye diameters were measured at the widest point. The total body length does not include the chelicerae or spinnerets. Leg lengths are given as total length . The terminology used in the text and figure legends follows All specimens are deposited in the Museum of Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China .Barrion-Dupo, Barrion & Heong, 2013F96C37DF-8B6C-5E0D-B74A-3B13EF724B95Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Qianyu Wan; individualCount: 3; sex: 2 females and 1 male; lifeStage: adult; behavior: foraging; occurrenceStatus: present; preparations: whole animal (ETOH); Taxon: scientificName: Clubionamilingae; acceptedNameUsage: Clubionamilingae Barrion-Dupo, Barrion & Heong, 2013; order: Araneae; family: Clubionidae; genus: Clubiona; specificEpithet: milingae; taxonRank: species; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asian; island: Hainan; country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Hainan; county: Ledong; verbatimElevation: 900-1000 m; verbatimCoordinateSystem: decimal degrees; decimalLatitude: 18.726088; decimalLongitude: 108.902750; Identification: identifiedBy: Hao Yu; dateIdentified: 11-2018; identificationReferences: Barrion et al. 2013; Event: samplingProtocol: Beating; eventDate: 10-4-2018; year: 2018; month: 4; day: 10; habitat: Rubber-tea plantationType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Jie Liu; Haiqing Ren; individualCount: 3; sex: 2 females and 1 male; lifeStage: adult; behavior: foraging; occurrenceStatus: present; preparations: whole animal (ETOH); Taxon: scientificName: Clubionamilingae; acceptedNameUsage: Clubionamilingae Barrion-Dupo, Barrion & Heong, 2013; order: Araneae; family: Clubionidae; genus: Clubiona; specificEpithet: milingae; taxonRank: species; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asian; island: Hainan; country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Hainan; county: Qiongzhong; verbatimElevation: 600-700 m; verbatimCoordinateSystem: decimal degrees; decimalLatitude: 19.206780; decimalLongitude: 109.768095; Identification: identifiedBy: Hao Yu; dateIdentified: 11-2018; identificationReferences: Barrion et al. 2013; Event: samplingProtocol: Pitfall trap; eventDate: 18-8-2009; year: 2009; month: 8; day: 18; habitat: Rubber-tea plantationFemale  slightly recurved, posterior eye row (PER) procurved, PER wider than AER. Eye sizes and inter-distances (mm): anterior median eyes (AME) 0.06, anterior lateral eyes (ALE) 0.08, posterior median eyes (PME) 0.09, posterior lateral eyes (PLE) 0.07; distance between AMEs (AME\u2013AME) 0.02, distance between AME and ALE (AME\u2013ALE) 0.04, distance between PMEs (PME\u2013PME) 0.19, distance between PME and PLE (PME\u2013PLE) 0.10. Length of median ocular quadrangle (MOQ) 0.20, MOQ anterior width 0.24, MOQ posterior width 0.35. Chelicerae coloured as carapace, with 5 teeth on promargin and 3 on retromargin. Labium and endites light brown. Sternum 0.86 long, 0.52 wide.Abdomen elongate-oval, white, with inconspicuous anterior tufts of hairs, dorsum with a pair of inconspicuous muscular depressions; venter white.Legs uniformly yellowish-white. Leg lengths: I 2.10 , II 2.55 , III 1.91 , IV 3.11 .Epigyne , but differing from C.yaoi by the copulatory openings situated at the medial portion of the epigynal plate posterior margin . Males also resemble those of C.yaoi in having a retrolateral tibial apophysis with a bifurcate tip , but can be recognised by the relatively long embolus and by the absence of a conductor . In addition, the two species can by separated by their habitus: abdomen marked with numerous inconspicuous spots in C.milingae (Fig. C.yaoi.Females of gin Fig. A, B, D (tor Fig. A\u2013D (vs. gae Fig. A, D, butKnown from Mt. Diaoluo and Mt. Limu, Hainan Island, China Fig. .Most of the new material was collected by pitfall-traps set in a rubber-tea plantation.Clubionamilingae was first reported by apiculata species group for four Borneo species. Maybe, due to the brief description, the inadequate illustrations, and the lack of female individuals, Clubionamilingae has not been assigned so far. In the present study, pairs of specimens were obtained from the type locality of C.milingae. The small body and widely separated PME, the presence of the apophysis on the dorsal cymbium and the strongly-developed retrolateral tibial apophysis in the male with the copulatory ducts connected to bursae at the central portion of the epigyne in the female, all indicate that this species should belong to the apiculata-group.C.milingae, our new topotypes bear a striking similarity to the original illustrations by Although we have not examined the type specimen of"}
{"text": "MPEG1) is highly expressed in macrophages and other phagocytes. The gene encodes a bactericidal pore-forming protein, dubbed Perforin-2. Structural-, animal-, and cell-based studies have established that perforin-2 facilitates the destruction of phagocytosed microbes upon its activation within acidic phagosomes. Relative to wild-type controls, Mpeg1 knockout mice suffer significantly higher mortality rates when challenged with gram-negative or -positive pathogens. Only four variants of MPEG1 have been functionally characterized, each in association with pulmonary infections. Here we report a new MPEG1 non-sense variant in a patient with the a newly described association with persistent polymicrobial infections of the skin and soft tissue.Macrophage expressed gene 1  by significantly increasing the expression of MPEG1. IFN-\u03b3 treatment supported perforin-2 dependent bactericidal activity and wound healing.A young adult female patient was evaluated for recurrent abscesses and cellulitis of the breast and demonstrated a heterozygous, rare variant in MPEG1 deficiency to include severe skin and soft tissue infection. We showed that haploinsufficiency of perforin-2 reduced the bactericidal capacity of human phagocytes. Interferon-gamma therapy increases expression of perforin-2, which may compensate for such variants. Thus, treatment with IFN-\u03b3 could help prevent infections.This case expands the phenotype of  MPEG1 expression is constitutive in phagocytes and inducible in parenchymal cell lines by interferons or bacterial infection .Until now, Enterobacter cloacae), and infections of the central line site (Staphylococcus aureus). Because of a concern for a primary immunodeficiency, she had been treated empirically with immune globulin, without evidence of hypogammaglobulinemia or specific antibody deficiency. At age 22, she presented with a breast abscess and cellulitis requiring incision and drainage (I&D). Over the next several months, she suffered recurrent abscesses despite serial debridement and intravenous antibiotics. During a prolonged inpatient stay for treatment of recurrent breast abscess at her local hospital, she was transferred to our institution for further evaluation and treatment. Her initial diagnostic work-up included laboratory studies that demonstrated a normal leukocyte count, mild anemia, overall normal lymphocyte counts, and a mild thrombocytosis, likely reactive to an acute infection . Despite completing an extended course of appropriate antimicrobial coverage along with multiple I&D procedures, the infections did not resolve.The patient reported is a 23-year-old adopted woman with a limited history of early childhood. She has a complex medical history including bilateral sensorineural hearing loss and non-anatomic gastroparesis requiring feeds by jejunal tube. She also carries the heterozygous, pathogenic Factor V \u201cLeiden\u201d variant discovered after suffering multiple deep vein thromboses and pulmonary emboli, now on lifelong anticoagulation. The patient experienced numerous infections throughout adolescence and young adulthood including repeated facial impetigo, recurrent tonsillitis requiring tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, skin abscesses, recurrent central line-associated blood stream infections  , this variant was felt unlikely to be the cause of her immunodeficiency.A polymicrobial breast infection in a young woman persisting over several months despite treatment with multiple antimicrobials was suspicious for primary immunodeficiency. Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed mild NK cell lymphopenia, which was normal in prior and subsequent tests. Whole genome sequencing revealed a few, rare genetic variants including a nonsense variant in  dbSNP rs73347395 MPEG1 variant was suspected to be pathogenic  or Yersiniapseudotuberculosis. The phagocytes were then treated with membrane impermeable gentamicin to eliminate the extracellular population of bacteria prior to enumeration of intracellular bacteria. This assay, commonly referred to as a gentamicin protection assay, revealed that the patient\u2019s neutrophils were unable to suppress the intracellular replication of S. Typhimurium  family, which includes the terminal components of complement (C9) responsible for pore-forming membrane disruption to eradicate microbial invaders ; the multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 50. Extracellular bacteria were eliminated with 50 \u03bcg/ml gentamicin. PMNs were lysed with 0.1% Triton X-100 at the specified times. Released bacteria were serially diluted for enumeration of colony forming units (CFUs) on LB agar plates supplemented with 50 \u03bcg/ml of the appropriate antibiotic.For neutrophil killing, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were isolated from whole blood by Ficoll-Paque centrifugation then seeded onto tissue culture plates for 2\u00a0h. Adherent cells were subsequently infected for 45\u00a0min with For macrophage killing, PBMCs isolated from whole blood by Ficoll-Paque centrifugation were seeded onto tissue culture treated 100\u00a0mm petri plates in IMDM + 10% FBS media supplemented with 50 ng/ml rh-MCSF (BioLegend cat #570206). Monocytes were allowed to adhere and differentiate over 7 days with media changes every 2 days. Following differentiation macrophages were infected with the indicated pathogens; MOI 50. Gentamicin protection assays were conducted as above.6 differentiated patient macrophages were stimulated for 14\u00a0h with 100 ng/ml of human recombinant IFN-\u03b3 and subsequently lysed in RLT buffer + 1% BME. Whole culture RNA was extracted with RNeasy columns and converted to cDNA using QuantiTec Reverse Transcription Kit. Samples were run in triplicate using TaqMan probes specific for human MPEG1. Results were normalized to expression of GAPDH and presented relative to untreated macrophages. P value as determined by unpaired t test.1x10Data for The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by UCLA IRB. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from the individual(s) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.Maria T. Acosta; Margaret Adam; David R. Adams; Pankaj B. Agrawal; Mercedes E. Alejandro; Justin Alvey; Laura Amendola; Ashley Andrews; Euan A. Ashley; Mahshid S. Azamian; Carlos A. Bacino; Guney Bademci; Eva Baker; Ashok Balasubramanyam; Dustin Baldridge; Jim Bale; Michael Bamshad; Deborah Barbouth; Pinar Bayrak-Toydemir; Anita Beck; Alan H. Beggs; Edward Behrens; Gill Bejerano; Jimmy Bennet; Beverly Berg-Rood; Jonathan A. Bernstein; Gerard T. Berry; Anna Bican; Stephanie Bivona; Elizabeth Blue; John Bohnsack; Carsten Bonnenmann; Devon Bonner; Lorenzo Botto; Brenna Boyd; Lauren C. Briere; Elly Brokamp; Gabrielle Brown; Elizabeth A. Burke; Lindsay C. Burrage; Manish J. Butte; Peter Byers; William E. Byrd; John Carey; Olveen Carrasquillo; Ta Chen Peter Chang; Sirisak Chanprasert; Hsiao-Tuan Chao; Gary D. Clark; Terra R. Coakley; Laurel A. Cobban; Joy D. Cogan; Matthew Coggins; F. Sessions Cole; Heather A. Colley; Cynthia M. Cooper; Heidi Cope; William J. Craigen; Andrew B. Crouse; Michael Cunningham; Precilla D'Souza; Hongzheng Dai; Surendra Dasari; Joie Davis; Jyoti G. Dayal; Matthew Deardorff; Esteban C. Dell'Angelica; Shweta U. Dhar; Katrina Dipple; Daniel Doherty; Naghmeh Dorrani; Argenia L. Doss; Emilie D. Douine; David D. Draper; Laura Duncan; Dawn Earl; David J. Eckstein; Lisa T. Emrick; Christine M. Eng; Cecilia Esteves; Marni Falk; Liliana Fernandez; Carlos Ferreira; Elizabeth L. Fieg; Laurie C. Findley; Paul G. Fisher; Brent L. Fogel; Irman Forghani; Laure Fresard; William A. Gahl; Ian Glass; Bernadette Gochuico; Rena A. Godfrey; Katie Golden-Grant; Alica M. Goldman; Madison P. Goldrich; David B. Goldstein; Alana Grajewski; Catherine A. Groden; Irma Gutierrez; Sihoun Hahn; Rizwan Hamid; Neil A. Hanchard; Kelly Hassey; Nichole Hayes; Frances High; Anne Hing; Fuki M. Hisama; Ingrid A. Holm; Jason Hom; Martha Horike-Pyne; Alden Huang; Yong Huang; Laryssa Huryn; Rosario Isasi; Fariha Jamal; Gail P. Jarvik; Jeffrey Jarvik; Suman Jayadev; Lefkothea Karaviti; Emily G. Kelley; Jennifer Kennedy; Dana Kiley; Isaac S. Kohane; Jennefer N. Kohler; Deborah Krakow; Donna M. Krasnewich; Elijah Kravets; Susan Korrick; Mary Koziura; Joel B. Krier; Seema R. Lalani; Byron Lam; Christina Lam; Grace L. LaMoure; Brendan C. Lanpher; Ian R. Lanza; Lea Latham; Kimberly LeBlanc; Brendan H. Lee; Hane Lee; Roy Levitt; Richard A. Lewis; Sharyn A. Lincoln; Pengfei Liu; Xue; Zhong Liu; Nicola Longo; Sandra K. Loo; Joseph Loscalzo; Richard L. Maas; John MacDowall; Ellen F. Macnamara; Calum A. MacRae; Valerie V. Maduro; Marta M. Majcherska; Bryan C. Mak; May Christine V. Malicdan; Laura A. Mamounas; Teri A. Manolio; Rong Mao; Kenneth Maravilla; Thomas C. Markello; Ronit Marom; Gabor Marth; Beth A. Martin; Martin G. MartinJulian A. Mart\u00ednez-Agosto; Shruti Marwaha; Jacob McCauley; Allyn McConkie-Rosell; Colleen E. McCormack; Alexa T. McCray; Elisabeth McGee; Heather Mefford; J. Lawrence Merritt; Matthew Might; Ghayda Mirzaa; Eva Morava; Paolo M. Moretti; Deborah Mosbrook-Davis; John J. Mulvihill; David R. Murdock; Anna Nagy; Mariko Nakano-Okuno; Avi Nath; Stan F. Nelson; John H. Newman; Sarah K. Nicholas; Deborah Nickerson; Shirley Nieves-Rodriguez; Donna Novacic; Devin Oglesbee; James P. Orengo; Laura Pace; Stephen Pak; J. Carl Pallais; Christina GS. Palmer; Jeanette C. Papp; Neil H. Parker; John A. Phillips III; Jennifer E. Posey; Lorraine Potocki; Bradley Power; Barbara N. Pusey; Aaron Quinlan; Wendy Raskind; Archana N. Raja; Deepak A. Rao; Genecee Renteria; Chloe M. Reuter; Lynette Rives; Amy K. Robertson; Lance H. Rodan; Jill A. Rosenfeld; Natalie Rosenwasser; Francis Rossignol; Maura Ruzhnikov; Ralph Sacco; Jacinda B. Sampson; Susan L. Samson; Mario Saporta; C. Ron Scott; Judy Schaechter; Timothy Schedl; Kelly Schoch; Daryl A. Scott; Vandana Shashi; Jimann Shin; Rebecca Signer; Edwin K. Silverman; Janet S. Sinsheimer; Kathy Sisco; Edward C. Smith; Kevin S. Smith; Emily Solem; Lilianna Solnica-Krezel; Ben Solomon; Rebecca C. Spillmann; Joan M. Stoler; Jennifer A. Sullivan; Kathleen Sullivan; Angela Sun; Shirley Sutton; David A. Sweetser; Virginia Sybert; Holly K. Tabor; Queenie K.-G. Tan; Mustafa Tekin; Fred Telischi; Willa Thorson; Audrey Thurm; Cynthia J. Tifft; Camilo Toro; Alyssa A. Tran; Brianna M. Tucker; Tiina K. Urv; Adeline Vanderver; Matt Velinder; Dave Viskochil; Tiphanie P. Vogel; Colleen E. Wahl; Stephanie Wallace; Nicole M. Walley; Chris A. Walsh; Melissa Walker; Jennifer Wambach; Jijun Wan; Lee-kai Wang; Michael F. Wangler; Patricia A. Ward; Daniel Wegner; Mark Wener; Tara Wenger; Katherine Wesseling Perry; Monte Westerfield; Matthew T. Wheeler; Jordan Whitlock; Lynne A. Wolfe; Jeremy D. Woods; Shinya Yamamoto; John Yang; Muhammad Yousef; Diane B. Zastrow; Wadih Zein; Chunli Zhao; Stephan Zuchner.MJB, GPM, and LCM developed the approach for cell based killing assays and MPEG1 quantification. LCM conducted the experiments, analyzed and visualized data. KKP, JLB, and MJB provided clinical care. HL and SFN performed sequencing data analysis. SYJ organized data and wrote the first draft. All authors participated in manuscript editing. All authors have read and approved the submitted version.Perforin-2 research in the laboratory of GPM is supported by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases of the National Institutes of Health under award number R01AI110810. MJB is supported by National Institutes of Health under R01 GM110482 and by the Jeffrey Modell Foundation. Sequencing and data analysis were supported by awards from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Common Fund, U01HG007703 and the UCLA California Center for Rare Diseases of the Institute for Precision Health.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest."}
{"text": "No: 621 Gaziosmanpa\u015fa, Istanbul, Turkey; 2 Department of Urology, Istanbul Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Karayollar\u0131 Str. No: 621 Gaziosmanpa\u015fa, Istanbul, Turkey; 3 Department of Urology, Yeni Y\u00fczy\u0131l University, Istanbul, TurkeyWorld J Urol. 2019; 9. [Epub ahead of print]DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-02904-6 | ACCESS: 10.1007/s00345-019-02904-6In this interesting paper Dr. Arslan from Turkey showed the increasing use of online resources to seek visual information for both patients and health care providers. The YouTube has become the second largest search engine with more than one billion users and six billion hours of video watched for each month . The aut"}
{"text": "Flabelligenahakuhoaesp. nov., is described from off the South Orkney Islands, the Southern Ocean. Individuals of the new species were collected by rock dredging, 2036\u20132479 m in depth.A new acrocirrid species, The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the number of branchiae, position and length of paired ventral large papillae and length of body papillae. Acrocirridae Banse, 1969 (clade Cirratuliformia) consists of 43 species in nine genera distributed from the intertidal zone to the deep seafloor  notochaetae, 1\u20133 pairs of branchiae and a pair of frontal palps  and F.erratica  from off Falkland Islands (South Atlantic Ocean)  , there aHakuho maru, the first author found individuals of Flabelligena from off the South Orkney Islands. In this paper, we describe the specimens as a new species.During the research cruise KH19-06-Leg4 by R/V 60\u00b033.54'S, 35\u00b024.43'W\u201360\u00b034.07'S, 35\u00b023.40'W), 2036 \u2013 2479 m in depth by a rock dredge  for SEM observations. Observations were conducted using an SEM instrument (HITACHI S-3000N). Type material is deposited in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba (NSMT) and Invertebrate Collection of the Hokkaido University Museum (ICHUM).Specimens were collected from off the South Orkney Islands Fig. A, the Sodge Fig. B and extWe followed the morphological terminology of Jimisp. n.9297C098-C02D-5779-918F-9DA3AD471734urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9E6C4840-0D03-4A24-B825-AC4EADD0CC8BType status:Holotype. Taxon: phylum: Annelida; family: Acrocirridae; genus: Flabelligena; Location: higherGeography: Southern Ocean; off the South Orkney Islands; waterBody: Southern Ocean; locality: off the South Orkney Islands; verbatimDepth: 2036-2479 m; Identification: identifiedBy: Naoto Jimi; Event: samplingProtocol: rock dredge; eventDate: 02-01-2020; year: 2020; month: 1; day: 2; habitat: rocks and sands; Record Level: language: en; ownerInstitutionCode: NSMTType status:Paratype. Taxon: phylum: Annelida; family: Acrocirridae; genus: Flabelligena; Location: higherGeography: Southern Ocean; off the South Orkney Islands; waterBody: Southern Ocean; locality: off the South Orkney Islands; verbatimDepth: 2036-2479 m; Identification: identifiedBy: Naoto Jimi; Event: samplingProtocol: rock dredge; eventDate: 02-01-2020; year: 2020; month: 1; day: 2; habitat: rocks and sands; Record Level: language: en; ownerInstitutionCode: ICHUMHolotype (NSMT-Pol H-813) 1.8 cm long, 1 mm wide  for 27 chaetigers (incomplete). Body cylindrical  1.2 cm in length, 0.9 mm in width , 23 chaetigers. Pygidium rounded , 2036 \u2013 2479 m in depth.The new species is only known from the type locality, off the South Orkney Islands, the Southern Ocean  and F.gascognensis Aguirrezabalaga and Ceberio, 2006 have paired ventral papillae between chaetigers 6\u20137, but do not have them at the ventral side of a parapodium in chaetiger 6 (F.gascognensis has long (as long as neurochaetae) papillae around the parapodium, while the new species does not have them (1/6 of neurochaetae). Two species, F.amoureuxi Gillet, 2001 and F.erratica, have been found in the vicinity of the Southern Ocean as well as this new one. The new species can be distinguished from the other two species by having three pairs of branchiae, paired ventral large papillae near the parapodium of chaetiger 6 and absence of eyes. Flabelligenaamoureuxi has a pair of branchiae and does not have paired ventral large papillae and eyes. Flabelligenaerratica has a pair of branchiae, paired ventral large papillae between chaetigers 6\u20137 and eyes (see Table ochaetae . This spochaetae : i) pairetiger 6 . Additio"}
{"text": "The correct initials are: Bertoldi AD. The correct citation is: da Silva Dal Pizzol T, Turmina Fontanella A, Cardoso Ferreira MB, Bertoldi AD, Boff Borges R, Serrate Mengue S (2019) Analgesic use among the Brazilian population: Results from the National Survey on Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines (PNAUM). PLoS ONE 14(3): e0214329."}
{"text": "The noise transmission coefficients and PA field distributions of the T-type resonant PA cell have been evaluated using the finite element method and thermoviscous acoustic theory. The optimized T-type resonant PA cell, together with a near-infrared (NIR) distributed feedback (DFB) laser source, a high-speed spectrometer and a fiber-optic acoustic sensor constitutes a PAS system for CH4 detection. The sensitivity is measured to be 1.8\u202fpm/ppm and a minimum detectable limit (MDL) of 9 parts per billion (ppb) can be achieved with an averaging time of 500\u202fs. The optimized T-type longitudinal resonant PA cell features of high PA cell constant, fast response time and simple manufacturing process.This paper presents an optimized T-type resonant photoacoustic (PA) cell for methane (CH Tianli Gao: Data curation, Software, Investigation. Liang Mei: Software. Ke Chen: Funding acquisition, Methodology, Formal analysis. Yewei Chen: Formal analysis. Bo Zhang: Resources. Wei Peng: Funding acquisition, Project administration. Qingxu Yu: Visualization.The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest."}
{"text": "The correct title is: Mitochondrial event localiser (MEL) to quantitatively describe fission, fusion and depolarisation in three-dimensional space. The correct citation is: Theart RP, Kriel J, du Toit A, Loos B, Niesler TR (2020) Mitochondrial event localiser (MEL) to quantitatively describe fission, fusion and depolarisation in three-dimensional space. PLoS ONE 15(12): e0229634. The publisher apologizes for the error."}
{"text": "To identify the genomic regions for yield and NUE of rice genotypes and lines with promising yield under low N, a recombinant inbred population (RIL) developed between BPT5204  and PTB1 (variety with high NUE) was evaluated for consecutive wet and dry seasons under low nitrogen (LN) and recommended nitrogen (RN) field conditions. A set of 291 RILs were characterized for 24 traits related to leaf, agro-morphological, yield, N content and nitrogen use efficiency indices. More than 50 RILs were found promising with grain yield >10 g under LN. Parental polymorphism survey with 297 SSRs and selective genotyping revealed five genomic regions associated with yield under LN, which were further saturated with polymorphic SSRs. Thirteen promising SSRs were identified out of 144 marker trait associations under LN using single marker analysis. Composite interval mapping showed 37 QTL under LN with five pleiotropic QTL. A major stable pleiotropic (RM13201\u2014RM13209) from PTB1 spanning 825.4 kb region associated with straw N % (SNP) in both treatments across seasons and yield and yield related traits in WS appears to be promising for the MAS. Another major QTL (RM13181-RM13201) was found to be associated with only relative trait parameters of biomass, grain and grain nitrogen. These two major pleiotropic QTL (RM13201-RM13209 and RM13181-RM13201) on chromosome 2 were characterized for their positive allele effect and could be deployed for the development of rice varieties with NUE. Rice is one of the main cereal crops and staple food for more than half of the world population. Despite the increase in world rice production since the past half century, rice yield improvement is still required to support the growing needs of the increasing world population. Nitrogen (N) is the key nutrient required in large quantities for rice production . Nearly Mapping of the genomic regions associated with nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) would be useful for marker assisted selection and introgression into popular rice varieties. Several QTL have been reported in rice for various agro- morphological and yield characters under low N . Genomicviz., BPT5204 and PTB1. The two parents and their RILs were evaluated under low N as well as recommended N for leaf, agro-morphological, yield and yield related traits, N content and N use efficiency indices,. Genomic regions/QTL for target traits and parameters of the study were identified through single marker analysis, selective genotyping and Composite Interval Mapping (CIM) method.With an objective of identifying QTL for yield, nitrogen and their related traits and promising lines under low N, a RIL population was developed from two rice varieties with significant differences for yield under low N viz., BPT5204 and PTB1 were selected (www.rkmp.co.in). A set of 54 genotypes was also grown under LN and RN during 2014 (WS) and 2015 (DS)  .In situ leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD) was recorded with Minolta Corporation\u2019s Chlorophyll SPAD-502 plus, USA. Three observations from each leaf at three positions were taken in three replications and average was reported. Days to 50% flowering (DFF) of each RIL was noted. At physiological maturity, plant height (cm) (PH), number of tillers (TNO), panicles per plant (PNO), grain yield (g/plant) (GY), hundred seed weight (g) (HSW), grain number per plant (GRNO) and total dry matter (g/plant) (TDM) were recorded from five plants of parents and RILs. Nitrogen percentage in grain (GNP), straw (SNP), total grain nitrogen per plant (GNPP) and straw nitrogen per plant (SNPP) were estimated following Kjeldahl method and nitrogen harvest index (NHI) was calculated. Physiological nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE) and agro-physiological efficiency (APE) were determined according to Fageria et al. [viz., relative grain yield (RGY), relative biomass yield (RBM), relative grain nitrogen (RGN) and relative biomass nitrogen (RBN) were calculated according to Wei et al. [Leaf length (cm) (LL), leaf width (cm) (LW) and leaf area (cm) (LA) were measured according to Yoshida et al. . In situa et al. . Nitrogei et al. . Data fohttp://www.gramene.org). The details of SSRs and their status of polymorphism were given in DNA from the fresh leaf tissues of parents and RILs was isolated according to modified protocol of Zheng et al. . Parentaviz., RM1, RM7075, RM9, RM13021 and RM13197 were considered as anchor SSRs. Eight to 10 SSRs spanning each associated anchor SSR were selected from Gramene database for parental polymorphism and the nine polymorphic SSRs were screened in RILs.For amplification of the SSRs, PCR was carried out following the procedure described by Rao et al.  with 15\u03bcTwo way Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for the phenotypic data using open software R language  with agrThe phenotypic data of 291 RILs and genotypic data of 41 32+9) polymorphic SSRs was subjected to SMA using ANOVA of open software R [+9 polymoThe linkage maps for chromosomes 1 and 2 spanning polymorphic SSRs in five anchor regions were constructed using Mapmaker and were imported into QTL Cartographer (Win QTL Cart 2.5). Composite interval mapping (CIM) was performed with kosambi function for 25 SSRs  and QTL were identified with minimum LOD score of 2.5 with 1000 permutations.i = phenotypic effect of the allele i = \u2211xij/ni\u2014\u2211Nk/nk; xij = phenotypic measurement values of j genotype carrying the allele i; ni = the number of genotypes carrying the allele of i, Nk = phenotypic value of the genotype of k carrying null allele, nk = the number of genotypes for the null allele [The average allelic effect (AAE) of two SSRs (RM13209 and RM13181) from two major QTL viz., RM13201-RM13209 and RM13181-RM13201 was estimated by comparing the mean phenotypic data for that trait with respect to each allele to the phenotypic data of the null allele . The positions of flanking SSRs of genomic regions associated with two or more than two QTL under LN were retrieved from Significant variation was observed between the parents (BPT5204 and PTB1) for 24 phenotype traits/parameters studied under LN . SubstanUnder LN, GY was found to be positively correlated with PH, TNO, PNO, GRNO, TDM and GNPP across seasons as expected. Association of GY with PH was observed exclusively under LN across seasons . Signifiviz., genomic region I\u2014RM1, genomic region II\u2014RM7075, genomic region III\u2014RM9 and two SSRs on chromosome 2 (genomic region IV\u2014RM13021 and genomic region V\u2014RM13197)  out of 254 SSRs and 32 SSRs were selected for further analyses based on their resolution. Yield being identified as the important selection criterion under LN, selective genotyping of 22 RILs (12 RILs with highest grain yield and 10 RILs with the lowest yield under LN) was performed. Five SSRs have shown association with grain yield under LN using MapDisto . Among tRM13197) .viz., one at genomic region I, two at genomic region II, two at genomic region III, one at genomic region IV and three at genomic region V  across seasons under LN for 22 traits (marker associations were not found for SNP and RBN) . More nuCIM identified 37 QTL under LN  and 32 QFour QTL were identified for leaf length (LL) with two QTL under LN and two QTL under RN. QTL with marker interval of RM279\u2014RM12568 was identified in both WS and DS under LN. A total of four QTL were detected for leaf width (LW) with two QTL each under LN and RN. Four QTL were identified only under RN for leaf area (LA) with two each in WS and DS. There were no QTL identified for LA under LN. Under LN, two QTL are identified for LA with one each in WS and DS.Four QTL were identified for grain yield (GY)/plant with two QTL each under LN and RN. Under LN, a major QTL with marker interval of RM13201\u2014RM13209 (WS) (PV 43.3%) and a minor QTL (RM279\u2014RM12568) during DS were identified. A total of 10 QTL were detected for hundred seed weight (HSW), with five each under LN and RN. Under LN, a common QTL was identified in WS and DS with marker interval of RM5641\u2014RM10890. One QTL was detected for grain number (GRNO) under RN.A total of three QTL were detected for total dry matter (TDM)/plant under LN (1 QTL) and RN (2 QTL). A total of seven QTL were detected for plant height (PH) under LN (5 QTL) and RN (2 QTL) with two QTL detected in common across seasons under LN. One QTL was detected tiller number (TNO) under RN and QTL were not detected under LN.A total of 14 QTL were detected for days for 50% flowering (DFF) with eight QTL under LN and six QTL under RN.A total of seven QTL were detected for straw N % (SNP) with four QTL under LN and three QTL under RN. Under LN, one major QTL (PV >48%) was detected for SNP across seasons with marker interval of RM13201\u2014RM13209. Two major QTL for relative grain N (RGN) and another two major QTL for relative biomass N (RBN) on chromosomes 1 and 2 were detected. One major QTL for relative biomass yield (RBM) shared its location with QTL for RGN and RBN.The identified QTL for the chromosomes 1 and 2 co-localized with positions of reported for similar trait QTL were presented trait wise in detail. The co-localization of associated SSRs with the reported QTL regions was also presented.viz., gw-1 and qTGW 1\u20131 [viz., grain weight, grain number per plant, spikelet number per plant and spikelets per panicle [With reference to chromosome 1, RM10090, RM1167 and RM5641 associated with HSW under LN, co-localized with genomic region for thousand grain weight under LN  and RN . InteresqTGW 1\u20131 , 39. Ano panicle , 43.qGN 2), hundred grain weight (qHW 2) and grain density (qGD 2) [o rachis/panicle and biomass/plant [viz., RM1189 associated with HSW under LN, coincided with genomic region for thousand grain weight [For chromosome 2, genomic region for HSW (RM13021-RM13034) in the present study corresponded with reported QTL for number of grains per panicle ( (qGD 2) . GRNO ma (qGD 2) , number  (qGD 2) \u201348. RM27 (qGD 2) . RM3763  (qGD 2) , 49. The (qGD 2) , yield p (qGD 2) , spikele (qGD 2) , 52, 53, (qGD 2) , spikele (qGD 2)  under RN (qGD 2) , 36. Two (qGD 2) , Fu et a (qGD 2) , Liu et  (qGD 2) . RM15855 (qGD 2) , 57. RM2 (qGD 2) , grain y (qGD 2)  under LN (qGD 2) , 59, 60, (qGD 2) , 62. RM2n weight  and grain weight . RM24829n weight , grain lThe locations of RM11307, RM6716, RM11258 (chromosome 1) associated with RGY in DS corroborated with genomic regions for relative grain weight reported by Ogawa et al. . Associaspp) responsible for chloroplast biogenesis at early growth stage and root development [The SSR markers on chromosomes 1 and 2 (RM5641 and RM13021) associated with LL, LA and LW coincided with reported QTL for leaf traits , 67\u201369. elopment . RM22524elopment . RM1189 elopment .qhd-6) identified by Bai et al. [qPHT 2\u20131) as reported by Marathi et al. [QTn1) and Kaladhar et al. [nt 1.2). RM7110 (chromosome 7) associated with PH and DFF under LN in DS has also co-localized with genomic regions for plant height and heading dates by Kotla et al. [Markers for DFF  on chromosome 1 were also found to be coinciding with QTL location for days to heading , 48. In i et al.  and 50% i et al. . In the i et al. . The SSRi et al.  (QTn1) ar et al.  (nt 1.2)a et al.  and Liu a et al. . Similara et al. , 71 and a et al. .On amplification of two SSRs (RM13201 and RM13181) from two major pleiotropic QTL (RM13201-RM13209 and RM13181-RM13201) in 54 genotypes, three alleles each were obtained per SSR. Two alleles (RM13029-255 bp and RM13181-270bp) same size as PTB1 have shown positive effect with grain yield (g) .viz., RM13201-RM13209 region spanning 825.4 kb region has 54 putative candidate genes; RM13181-RM13201 covering 467.706 kb has 42 candidate genes; RM5641-RM10890 spanning 9929.476 kb has 1207 candidate genes; RM7075-RM10916 covered 191.769 kb region with 27 candidate genes and RM279-RM12568 spanned 1392.02 kb region with 247 candidate genes , duration (short vs medium vs long) and other factors [viz., RGY, RBM, RGN and RBN with NUE parameters suggests that the relative traits could be contradictory for selection.Significant variation was observed for 24 traits/parameters of the present study between the parents and among the RILs across wet and dry seasons corroborating reported genetic and seasonal variability in rice under LN . Wide ge factors . Genotyp factors , 77\u201379.  factors . Decreas factors , 81. Tho factors \u201385. The  factors . The eff factors , 86\u201388.  factors . The use factors . The negIdentification of markers/QTL associated with traits of interest under LN would be useful in MAS for the development of rice varieties with NUE. Trait wise marker association exclusively under LN through SMA has identified more markers during the dry season over wet season. GNPP (grain nitrogen per plant), TDM  and GY (grain yield) found to be associated with >10 markers which is expected owing to the complexity of the traits . Around viz., QTL common for both treatments and QTL found to be exclusive for either LN or RN. The basic mechanism for N metabolism in rice is similar, thus common QTL are expected for LN and RN as reported [Selective genotyping approach showed five genomic regions associated with yield under LN reiterating the utility of this approach in saving of time and resources for identification of marker associated genomic regions as reported in earlier studies . Since yreported , 90. Howreported . Pyramidviz., RBN, RBM and RGN with more than 58% PV. Wei et al [In the present study, we found five genomic regions harboring two or more than 2 QTL. The major stable pleiotropic QTL identified in our study (RM13201\u2014RM13209) from PTB1 spanning 825.4 kb region associated with straw N % (SNP) in both treatments across seasons and yield and yield related traits in WS appears to be promising for the MAS. Out of eight QTL identified in this region, five QTL  have shown PV >38%. The second major QTL (RM13181-RM13201) was found to be associated with only relative trait parameters ei et al  indicateAfter the first QTL study under LN in rice , more thGrain yield and nitrogen use efficiency are complex traits and depend on interaction of various primary traits. Correlation and path coefficient analysis of the present study suggests that PH, TNO, PNO, GRNO, TDM, and GNPP need to be considered for the rice yield improvement under LN. More than 50 promising RIL >10 g yield under LN were identified. Using single marker analysis, 144 marker trait associations were noted under LN, out of which 13 markers could be deployed either for MAS or for fine mapping. A major stable pleiotropic (RM13201\u2014RM13209) from PTB1 region associated with straw N % (SNP) in both treatments across seasons and yield and yield related traits in WS and another major QTL (RM13181-RM13201) associated with only relative trait parameters of biomass, grain and grain nitrogen were identified for utilization in marker assisted breeding programs and further characterization.S1 TableWS: Wet season, DS: Dry season, Low N: Low nitrogen, Rec N: Recommended nitrogen.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S2 TableA. Details of soil properties of the experimental plot. B. Details of weather parameters during the experiement.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S3 TableWS: Wet season, DS: Dry season, P: Parent.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S4 Table(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S5 TableWS: Wet season, DS: Dry season.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S6 TableSPAD: SPAD value, LL: leaf length (cm), LW: leaf width (cm), LA: leaf area (cm), DFF: days to 50% flowering, PH: plant height (cm), TNO: tiller number, PNO: panicle number: GRNO: grain number, HSW: hundred seed weight (g), GY: grain yield per plant (g/plant), TDM: total dry matter (g/plant), GNP: grain nitrogen percent, SNP: straw nitrogen percent, GNPP: grain nitrogen/ plant, SNPP: straw nitrogen/ plant.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S7 TableA. Path coefficient analysis of morpho physiological, agronomic and yield traits under low nitrogen in wet season. SPAD: SPAD value, LL: Leaf length (cm), LW: Leaf width (cm), LA: Leaf area (cm), DFF: Days to 50% flowering, PH: Plant height (cm), TNO: Tiller number, PNO: Panicle number: GRNO: Grain number, HSW: Hundred seed weight (g), GY: Grain yield per plant (g/plant), TDM: Total dry matter (g/plant), GNP: Grain nitrogen percent, SNP: Straw nitrogen percent, GNPP: Grain nitrogen/ plant, SNPP: Straw nitrogen/ plant, NHI: Nitrogen harvest index. B. Path coefficient analysis of morpho physiological, agronomic and yield traits under low nitrogen in dry season. SPAD: SPAD value, LL: Leaf length (cm), LW: Leaf width (cm), LA: Leaf area (cm), DFF: Days to 50% flowering, PH: Plant height (cm), TNO: Tiller number, PNO: Panicle number: GRNO: Grain number, HSW: Hundred seed weight (g), GY: Grain yield per plant (g/plant), TDM: Total dry matter (g/plant), GNP: Grain nitrogen percent, SNP: Straw nitrogen percent, GNPP: Grain nitrogen/ plant, SNPP: Straw nitrogen/ plant, NHI: Nitrogen harvest index. C. Path coefficient analysis of morpho physiological, agronomic and yield traits under recommended nitrogen in wet season. SPAD: SPAD value, LL: Leaf length (cm), LW: Leaf width (cm), LA: Leaf area (cm), DFF: Days to 50% flowering, PH: Plant height (cm), TNO: Tiller number, PNO: Panicle number: GRNO: Grain number, HSW: Hundred seed weight (g), GY: Grain yield per plant (g/plant), TDM: Total dry matter (g/plant), GNP: Grain nitrogen percent, SNP: Straw nitrogen percent, GNPP: Grain nitrogen/ plant, SNPP: Straw nitrogen/ plant, NHI: Nitrogen harvest index. D. Path coefficient analysis of morpho physiological, agronomic and yield traits under recommended nitrogen in dry season. SPAD: SPAD value, LL: Leaf length (cm), LW: Leaf width (cm), LA: Leaf area (cm), DFF: Days to 50% flowering, PH: Plant height (cm), TNO: Tiller number, PNO: Panicle number: GRNO: Grain number, HSW: Hundred seed weight (g), GY: Grain yield per plant (g/plant), TDM: Total dry matter (g/plant), GNP: Grain nitrogen percent, SNP: Straw nitrogen percent, GNPP: Grain nitrogen/ plant, SNPP: Straw nitrogen/ plant, NHI: Nitrogen harvest index.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S8 Table(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S9 Table(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S10 TableA. Trait wise marker association under low nitrogen identified through single marker analysis. SPAD: SPAD value, LL: leaf length (cm), LW: leaf width (cm), LA: leaf area (cm), DFF: days to 50% flowering, PH: plant height (cm), TNO: tiller number, PNO: panicle number: GRNO: grain number, HSW: hundred seed weight (g), GY: grain yield per plant (g/plant), TDM: total dry matter (g/plant), GNP: grain nitrogen percent, SNP: straw nitrogen percent, GNPP: grain nitrogen/ plant, SNPP: straw nitrogen/ plant, NHI: nitrogen harvest index, RGY: relative grain yield, RBM: relative biomass yield, RGN: relative grain nitrogen, RBN: relative biomass nitrogen, PNUE: physiological nitrogen use efficiency, ANUE: agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, APE: agro- physiological efficiency. B. Chromosome wise marker trait association under low nitrogen identified through single marker analysis. SPAD: SPAD value, LL: leaf length (cm), LW: leaf width (cm), LA: leaf area (cm), DFF: days to 50% flowering, PH: plant height (cm), TNO: tiller number, PNO: panicle number: GRNO: grain number, HSW: hundred seed weight (g), GY: grain yield per plant (g/plant), TDM: total dry matter (g/plant), GNP: grain nitrogen percent, SNP: straw nitrogen percent, GNPP: grain nitrogen/ plant, SNPP: straw nitrogen/ plant, NHI: nitrogen harvest index, RGY: relative grain yield, RBM: relative biomass yield, RGN: relative grain nitrogen, RBN: relative biomass nitrogen, PNUE: physiological nitrogen use efficiency, ANUE: agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, APE: agro- physiological efficiency.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S11 TableA. Trait wise associations with phenotypic traits with single marker analysis of for nine polymorphic SSRs. SPAD: SPAD value, LL: leaf length (cm), LW: leaf width (cm), LA: leaf area (cm), DFF: days to 50% flowering, PH: plant height (cm), TNO: tiller number, PNO: panicle number: GRNO: grain number, HSW: hundred seed weight (g), GY: grain yield per plant (g/plant), TDM: total dry matter (g/plant), GNP: grain nitrogen percent, SNP: straw nitrogen percent, GNPP: grain nitrogen/ plant, SNPP: straw nitrogen/ plant, NHI: nitrogen harvest index, RGY: relative grain yield, RBM: relative biomass yield, RGN: relative grain nitrogen, RBN: relative biomass nitrogen, PNUE: physiological nitrogen use efficiency, ANUE: agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, APE: agro- physiological efficiency. B. Marker wise associations with phenotypic traits with single marker analysis of for nine polymorphic SSRs. SPAD: SPAD value, LL: leaf length (cm), LW: leaf width (cm), LA: leaf area (cm), DFF: days to 50% flowering, PH: plant height (cm), TNO: tiller number, PNO: panicle number: GRNO: grain number, HSW: hundred seed weight (g), GY: grain yield per plant (g/plant), TDM: total dry matter (g/plant), GNP: grain nitrogen percent, SNP: straw nitrogen percent, GNPP: grain nitrogen/ plant, SNPP: straw nitrogen/ plant, NHI: nitrogen harvest index, RGY: relative grain yield, RBM: relative biomass yield, RGN: relative grain nitrogen, RBN: relative biomass nitrogen, PNUE: physiological nitrogen use efficiency, ANUE: agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, APE: agro- physiological efficiency.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S12 TableSPAD: SPAD value, LL: leaf length (cm), LW: leaf width (cm), LA: leaf area (cm), DFF: days to 50% flowering, PH: plant height (cm), TNO: tiller number, PNO: panicle number: GRNO: grain number, HSW: hundred seed weight (g), GY: grain yield per plant (g/plant), TDM: total dry matter (g/plant), GNP: grain nitrogen percent, SNP: straw nitrogen percent, GNPP: grain nitrogen/ plant, SNPP: straw nitrogen/ plant, NHI: nitrogen harvest index, RN: Recommended nitrogen, LN: Low nitrogen, WS: Wet season, DS: Dry season.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S13 Table(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S1 FigDetails of inter trait correlation under recommended nitrogen in wet season (1-A), recommended nitrogen in dry season (1-B), nitrogen efficiency indices in wet season (1-C) and nitrogen efficiency indices in dry season (1-D). SPAD: SPAD value, LL: leaf length (cm), LW: leaf width (cm), LA: leaf area (cm), DFF: days to 50% flowering, PH: plant height (cm), TNO: tiller number, PNO: panicle number: GRNO: grain number, HSW: hundred seed weight (g), GY: grain yield per plant (g/plant), TDM: total dry matter (g/plant), GNP: grain nitrogen percent, SNP: straw nitrogen percent, GNPP: grain nitrogen/ plant, SNPP: straw nitrogen/ plant, NHI: nitrogen harvest index, RGY: relative grain yield, RBM: relative biomass yield, RGN: relative grain nitrogen, RBN: relative biomass nitrogen, PNUE: physiological nitrogen use efficiency, ANUE: agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, APE: agro physiological efficiency.(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S2 Fig(DOC)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Coronaviruses that provides an overview of the patenting activity and trends in focused antiviral therapy with the use of triazole based compounds, glycoprotein, and protease inhibitors as possible treatment.This work shows a patent database for The patent data was obtained from Orbit Intelligence Software using a patent family structure to get a big database that could be used for built patent landscape report (PLR), market analysis, technical and competitive intelligence, and monitoring and survey of a new ideas for the treatment of coronavirus diseases.st application year , and Top 5 International Patents Classifications (IPC).The raw data is reported in four databases, which were classified according to different items: legal status , 1The main players, the investment trend, markets, geographical distribution, technology overview, technologies distribution, and patent citation are showed by this analysed data report. Specifications Table\u2022The patent database could be used to determinate new laboratory conditions for preparation, purification, and use for a new treatment of coronaviruses-based disease.\u2022The patent database can be used to identify trends in the domain of technology for the treatment of the new virus.\u2022The database can be used for building patent landscape report (PLR).\u2022The data could help elaborate policies to determine the qualifications for investments in universities, research institutes, foundations, companies, and governments, thus allowing for better decision making in this regard.1The data patents are of high importance because the patents contain technical information about a specific area and they have a high impact on the innovation process 1.1The supporting information section has four databases, each dataset has 12 files (XLXS format) with information selected for specific items and the date of search. 1.2This section discloses the processed data from Orbit Intelligence software. The main charts have been selected for each database according to the visualizations recommended by the software. The CV AV TH database, Finally, the 2The dataset patents were obtained and analysed using Orbit Intelligence Software (version 1.9.8) from Questel-Orbit.This software has a comprehensive suite\u00a0for searching, analysing, and managing inventions and IP assets The advanced search option has nine fields: Title, Abstract, Claims, Description, Object of the Invention, Advantages of the Invention Over Previous Art, Independent Claims, Concepts, and Full text. The Fampat Collection was used for search and analysis data and the Fampat module coverage of worldwide patent publications is published by more than 100 patent authorities (Orbit Intelligence Software) The methodology for searching patents is similar to the one reported by different areas: fisheries ((CORONAVIRUS)/TI/AB/CLMS/DESC/ODES/OBJ/ADB/ICLM/KEYW AND (ANTIVIRAL THERAPY)/TI/AB/CLMS/DESC/ODES/OBJ/ICLM/KEYW)((CORONAVIRUS)/TI/AB/CLMS/DESC/ODES/OBJ/ADB/ICLM/KEYW AND (ANTIVIRAL THERAPY)/TI/AB/CLMS/DESC/ODES/OBJ/ICLM/KEYW AND (TRIAZOLE)/TI/AB/CLMS/DESC/ODES/OBJ/ICLM/KEYW)((CORONAVIRUS)/TI/AB/CLMS/DESC/ODES/OBJ/ADB/ICLM/KEYW AND (ANTIVIRAL THERAPY)/TI/AB/CLMS/DESC/ODES/OBJ/ICLM/KEYW AND (GLYCOPROTEIN)/TI/AB/CLMS/DESC/ODES/OBJ/ICLM/KEYW)((CORONAVIRUS)/TI/AB/CLMS/DESC/ODES/OBJ/ADB/ICLM/KEYW AND (ANTIVIRAL THERAPY)/TI/AB/CLMS/DESC/ODES/OBJ/ICLM/KEYW AND (PROTEASE INHIBITOR)/TI/AB/CLMS/DESC/ODES/OBJ/ICLM/KEYW)The selection of keywords was based on a list of compounds that could be useful for the treatment of disease Where TI: Title; AB: abstract; CLMS: Claims; DESC: description; ODES: Advantages of the Invention Over Previous Art; OBJ: Object of the Invention; ICLM: Independent Claims; KEYW: Keywords; ADB: ConceptsThe raw data were recorded on file (XLXS Format) and the out profile was Title, Images, Publication numbers, Publication kind codes, Publication dates, Original document, Earliest priority date, Abstract, Inventors, Representative, Latest standardized assignees - inventors removed, Advantages / Previous drawbacks, Independent claims, Object of invention, Technical concepts, Claims English, description, Keywords in context, CPC - Cooperative classification, IPC - International classification, and PCL - US patent classification.The analysis data was made with the IP Business Intelligence module, which is a tool used for decision making. It allows you to analyse big volumes of\u00a0data and it produces different charts according to the analysis made."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Fam Pract 21, 207 (2020)10.1186/s12875-020-01269-9Following publication of the original article , an erroFrom: BMC family practice integrated GP care for patients with persistent physical symptoms: feasibility cluster randomised trialTo: Integrated GP care for patients with persistent physical symptoms: feasibility cluster randomised trial"}
{"text": "Coleoptera from 88 families known to occur in Mordovia State Nature Reserve, Russia, are listed, along with their author(s) and year of description using the most recent classification framework. Adventive species for European Russia are indicated. There are 31 adventive species in the reserve, comprising 1.44% of the total beetle fauna.All 2,145 species of  Rapid environmental changes due to urbanization and climate change have recently had a major impact on biodiversity . In partColeoptera (Insecta) of Mordovia State Nature Reserve, based on a variety of methods.The term biodiversity hotspot is commonly used for regions or areas with high species richness, genetic richness, evolutionary important areas of origin, etc. . At the 2  Gaertn. stands are located mainly in floodplains of rivers and streams  and occupy small areas (The Mordovia State Nature Reserve was established in 1936. It is located in the Temnikov district of the Republic of Mordovia (European Russia) on the forested right bank of the Moksha River and covers an area of 321.62 km2 Fig. . In genell areas . Plant cll areas . The maiNeuroptera and Raphidioptera   , 2019. Dlytinae)  and in rfamilies  of the RColeoptera species is stored in the collection of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve  (indicated in our publications), Staphylinidae is stored in the collection of O.I. Semionenkov (Smolensk), Pselaphinae and Scydmaenidae are stored in the collection of S.A. Kurbatov (Moscow), Mordellidae is in the collection of A.V. Zemoglyadchuk (Baranovichi). Several species were transferred to the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg (ZIN), and to the Zoological Museum of Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow (ZMMU). Some species are stored in the personal collection of S.K. Alekseev .The research material was collected by the authors and their colleagues from 2008 to 2019. More than 70,000 samples were studied. Most of the In order to collect a representative material, the entire range of entomological field research methods were used included various traps such as pitfall traps, light traps, simple crown traps, flight interception traps, cow manure-baited pitfall traps, rodent burrow pitfall traps .Coleoptera taxa while V.B. Semenov and O.I. Semionenkov identified most of Staphylinidae taxa. Other scientists consulted the authors on individual taxa: S.K. Alekseev (Carabidae), A.O. Bie\u0144kowski (Chrysomelidae), M.L. Danilevsky (Cerambycidae), A.A. Gusakov (Scarabaeidae), B.M. Kataev (Carabidae), S.V. Kazantsev (Cantharidae), A.G. Kirejtshuk (Nitidulidae), A.V. Kovalev (Eucnemidae), B.A. Korotyaev , S.A. Kurbatov , A.A. Legalov (Rhynchitidae), K.V. Makarov (Carabidae), M.Yu. Mandelshtam (Scolytinae), A.S. Prosvirov (Elateridae), A.S. Sazhnev (Heteroceridae), A.M. Shapovalov (Cerambycidae), W. Tomaszewska (Anamorphidae), S.E. Tshernyshev (Byrrhidae), M.G. Volkovitsh (Buprestidae) and A.V. Zemoglyadchuk (Mordellidae).L.V. Egorov identified most of Coleoptera  minutus Fabricius, 1798Gyrinus (Gyrinus) aeratus Stephens, 1835Gyrinus (Gyrinus) marinus Gyllenhal, 1808Gyrinus (Gyrinus) natator Gyrinus (Gyrinus) substriatus Stephens, 1828CARABIDAE Latreille, 1802Family NEBRIINAE Laporte, 1834Subfamily Nebriini Laporte, 1834Tribe Leistus (Leistus) ferrugineus Leistus (Leistus) terminatus Notiophilini Motschulsky, 1850Tribe Notiophilusaquaticus Notiophilusbiguttatus Notiophilusgerminyi Fauvel, 1863Notiophiluspalustris CARABINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Carabini Latreille, 1802Tribe Calosomatina Bonelli, 1810Subtribe Calosoma  inquisitorinquisitor Calosoma  investigator Calosoma  maderaemaderae Carabina Latreille, 1802Subtribe Carabus (Archicarabus) nemoralisnemoralis O.F. M\u00fcller, 1764Carabus (Carabus) arvensisbaschkiricus Breuning, 1932Carabus (Carabus) granulatusgranulatus Linnaeus, 1758Carabus (Carabus) stscheglowi Mannerheim, 1827Carabus (Hemicarabus) nitens Linnaeus, 1758Carabus (Limnocarabus) clathratusclathratus Linnaeus, 1760Carabus (Megodontus) schoenherrischoenherri Fischer von Waldheim, 1820Carabus (Megodontus) violaceusaurolimbatus Dejean, 1830Carabus (Pachystus) glabratusglabratus Paykull, 1790Carabus (Pachystus) hortensishortensis Linnaeus, 1758Carabus (Procrustes) coriaceuscoriaceus Linnaeus, 1758Carabus (Tachypus) cancellatuscancellatus Illiger, 1798Carabus (Tomocarabus) convexusconvexus Fabricius, 1775Carabus (Trachycarabus) estreicheri Fischer von Waldheim, 1820Cychrini Perty, 1830Tribe Cychrina Perty, 1830Subtribe Cychrus (Cychrus) caraboidescaraboides CICINDELINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Cicindelini Latreille, 1802Tribe Cicindelina Latreille, 1802Subtribe Cicindela (Cicindela) campestriscampestris Linnaeus, 1758Cicindela (Cicindela) hybridahybrida Linnaeus, 1758Cicindela (Cicindela) sylvaticasylvatica Linnaeus, 1758Cylindera (Cylindera) germanicagermanica LORICERINAE Bonelli, 1810Subfamily Loricerini Bonelli, 1810Tribe Loricera (Loricera) pilicornis ELAPHRINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Elaphrini Latreille, 1802Tribe Blethisamultipunctatamultipunctata Elaphrus (Elaphrus) riparius Elaphrus (Neoelaphrus) cupreus Duftschmid, 1812OMOPHRONINAE Bonelli, 1810Subfamily Omophronini Bonelli, 1810Tribe Omophron (Omophron) limbatum SCARITINAE Bonelli, 1810Subfamily Clivinini Rafinesque, 1815Tribe Clivinina Rafinesque, 1815Subtribe Clivina (Clivina) collaris  {? Clivina (Clivina) fossorfossor Dyschiriini H.J. Kolbe, 1880Tribe Dyschirius (Dyschiriodes) aeneusaeneus Dyschirius (Dyschiriodes) nitidusnitidus Dyschirius (Dyschiriodes) polituspolitus Dyschirius (Dyschiriodes) tristis Stephens, 1827Dyschirius (Dyschirius) thoracicus Dyschirius (Eudyschirius) globosus BROSCINAE Hope, 1838Subfamily Broscini Hope, 1838Tribe Broscina Hope, 1838Subtribe Broscus (Broscus) cephalotes Miscoderaarctica TRECHINAE Bonelli, 1810Subfamily Bembidiini Stephens, 1827Tribe Bembidiina Stephens, 1827Subtribe Asaphidionflavipes Bembidion (Bembidion) quadrimaculatum Bembidion (Bracteon) litorale Bembidion (Eupetedromus) dentellum Bembidion  lampros Bembidion  properans Bembidion (Notaphus) obliquum Sturm, 1825Bembidion (Notaphus) varium Bembidion (Paraprincidium) ruficolle Bembidion (Peryphus) bruxellense Wesmael, 1835Bembidion (Peryphus) bualeipolonicum J. M\u00fcller, 1930B.andreae   ]Bembidion (Peryphus) tetracolumtetracolum Say, 1823Bembidion (Philochthus) biguttatum Bembidion (Philochthus) guttula Bembidion (Philochthus) mannerheimii C.R. Sahlberg, 1827Bembidion (Philochthus) gilvipes Sturm, 1825Bembidion (Semicampa) schueppelii Dejean, 1831Bembidion (Trepanedoris) doris Bembidion (Trepanes) articulatum Bembidion (Trepanes) octomaculatum Tachyina Motschulsky, 1862Subtribe Porotachysbisulcatus Tachys (Paratachys) micros Tachytanananana Trechini Bonelli, 1810Tribe Trechina Bonelli, 1810Subtribe Blemusdiscusdiscus Trechus (Epaphius) secalis Trechus (Trechus) quadristriatus Trechus (Trechus) rubens PATROBINAE Kirby, 1837Subfamily Patrobini Kirby, 1837Tribe Patrobina Kirby, 1837Subtribe Patrobusassimilis Chaudoir, 1844Patrobusatrorufus Patrobusseptentrionisvolgensis Zamotajlov & Isaev, 2006BRACHININAE Bonelli, 1810Subfamily Brachinini Bonelli, 1810Tribe Brachinina Bonelli, 1810Subtribe Brachinusnigricornis Gebler, 1830HARPALINAE Bonelli, 1810Subfamily Chlaeniini Brull\u00e9, 1834Tribe Callistina Laporte, 1834Subtribe Callistuslunatuslunatus Chlaeniina Brull\u00e9, 1834Subtribe Chlaenius (Chlaeniellus) nigricornis Chlaenius (Chlaeniellus) nitidulus Chlaenius (Chlaeniellus) trististristis Harpalini Bonelli, 1810Tribe Anisodactylina Lacordaire, 1854Subtribe Anisodactylus (Anisodactylus) binotatus Anisodactylus (Anisodactylus) nemorivagus Anisodactylus (Paeudanisodactylus) signatus Harpalina Bonelli, 1810Subtribe Harpalus  affinis Harpalus  amplicollis M\u00e9n\u00e9tri\u00e9s, 1848 {? Harpalus  anxius Harpalus  autumnalis Harpalus  distinguendusdistinguendus Harpalus  flavescens Harpalus  froelichii Sturm, 1818Harpalus  laevipes Zetterstedt, 1828Harpalus  latus Harpalus  luteicornis Harpalus  modestus Dejean, 1829Harpalus  picipennis Harpalus  progrediens Schauberger, 1922Harpalus  pumilus Sturm, 1818Harpalus  rubripes Harpalus  smaragdinus Harpalus  solitaris Dejean, 1829Harpalus  tardus Harpalus  xanthopuswinkleri Schauberger, 1923Harpalus  zabroides Dejean, 1829Harpalus (Pseudoophonus) calceatus Harpalus (Pseudoophonus) griseus Harpalus (Pseudoophonus) rufipes Harpalus (Semiophonus) signaticornis  {ZIN}Ophonus (Hesperophonus) azureus Ophonus (Metophonus) puncticollis Ophonus (Metophonus) rufibarbis Ophonus (Ophonus) stictus Stephens, 1828Stenolophina Kirby, 1837Subtribe Acupalpus  exiguus Dejean, 1829Acupalpus  flavicollis Acupalpus  meridianus Acupalpus  parvulus Anthracusconsputus Stenolophus (Stenolophus) mixtus Stenolophus (Stenolophus) teutonus Lebiini Bonelli, 1810Tribe Cymindidina Laporte, 1834Subtribe Cymindis (Tarsostinus) macularis Fischer von Waldheim, 1824Cymindis (Tarulus) vaporariorum Demetriadina Bates, 1886Subtribe Demetrias (Demetrias) monostigma Samouelle, 1819Dromiusina Bonelli, 1810Subtribe Dromius (Dromius) agilis Dromius (Dromius) fenestratus Dromius (Dromius) quadraticollis A. Morawitz, 1862Dromius (Dromius) schneideri Crotch, 1871*Microlestesmaurusmaurus Microlestesminutulus Paradromius (Manodromius) linearis Philorhizusnotatus  {? Philorhizussigma Syntomusfoveatus Lebiina Bonelli, 1810Subtribe Lebia (Lamprias) chlorocephala Lebia (Lebia) cruxminorcruxminor Lebia (Lebia) marginata Licinini Bonelli, 1810Tribe Licinina Bonelli, 1810Subtribe Badister (Badister) bullatus Badister (Badister) lacertosuslacertosus Sturm, 1815Badister (Badister) meridionalis Puel, 1925Badister (Badister) unipustulatus Bonelli, 1813Badister (Baudia) collaris Motschulsky, 1844Badister (Baudia) dilatatus Chaudoir, 1837Badister (Baudia) peltatuspeltatus Badister (Trimorphus) sodalis Licinus (Licinus) depressus Odacanthini Laporte, 1834Tribe Odacantha (Odacantha) melanura Oodini La Fert\u00e9-S\u00e9nect\u00e8re, 1851Tribe Oodesgracilis A.Villa & G.B. Villa, 1833Oodeshelopioides Panagaeini Bonelli, 1810Tribe Panagaeus (Panagaeus) bipustulatus Panagaeus (Panagaeus) cruxmajor Patynini Bonelli, 1810Tribe Agonum (Agonum) gracilipes Agonum (Agonum) marginatum Agonum (Agonum) muelleri Agonum (Europhilus) fuliginosum Agonum (Europhilus) gracile Sturm, 1824Agonum (Europhilus) micans Agonum (Europhilus) piceum Agonum (Europhilus) thoreyi Dejean, 1828Agonum (Olisares) dolens Agonum (Olisares) duftschmidi J. Schmidt, 1994 ? Agonum (Olisares) ericeti Agonum (Olisares) impressum Agonum (Olisares) hypocrita Agonum (Olisares) lugens Agonum (Olisares) sexpunctatum Agonum (Olisares) versutum Sturm, 1824Agonum (Olisares) viduum Anchomenusdorsalisdorsalis Limodromusassimilis Limodromuskrynickii Limodromuslongiventris Mannerheim, 1825Oxypselaphusobscurus Platynuslivens Platynusmannerheimii Sericodaquadripunctata Pterostichini Bonelli, 1810Tribe Poecilus (Ancholeus) crenuligercrenuliger Chaudoir, 1876Poecilus (Poecilus) cupreuscupreus Poecilus (Poecilus) lepiduslepidus Poecilus (Poecilus) punctulatus Poecilus (Poecilus) versicolor Pterostichus (Adelosia) macermacer Pterostichus (Argutor) vernalis Pterostichus (Bothriopterus) oblongopunctatusoblongopunctatus Pterostichus (Bothriopterus) quadrifoveolatus Letzner, 1852Pterostichus (Eosteropus) mannerheimii Pterostichus (Melanius) aterrimusaterrimus Pterostichus (Morphnosoma) melanariusmelanarius Pterostichus (Petrophilus) uralensisuralensis Pterostichus (Phaenoraphis) diligens Pterostichus (Phaenoraphis) strenuus Pterostichus (Platysma) niger Pterostichus (Pseudomaseus) anthracinusanthracinus Pterostichus (Pseudomaseus) gracilisgracilis Pterostichus (Pseudomaseus) minorminor Pterostichus (Pseudomaseus) nigritanigrita Pterostichus (Pseudomaseus) rhaeticus Heer, 1837Stomis (Stomis) pumicatuspumicatus Sphodrini Laporte, 1834Tribe Calathina Laporte, 1834Subtribe Calathus  fuscipesfuscipes Calathus (Lindrothius) ambiguusambiguus Calathus (Lindrothius) erratuserratus Calathus (Lindrothius) melanocephalusmelanocephalus Calathus (Lindrothius) micropterus Synuchina Lindroth, 1956Subtribe Synuchus (Synuchus) vivalisvivalis Zabrini Bonelli, 1810Tribe Amarina C.C.A. Zimmermann, 1832Subtribe Amara (Amara) aenea Amara (Amara) communis Amara (Amara) convexior Stephens, 1828Amara (Amara) curta Dejean, 1828Amara (Amara) eurynota Amara (Amara) famelica C.C.A. Zimmermann, 1832Amara (Amara) familiaris Amara (Amara) littorea C.G. Thomson, 1857Amara (Amara) lunicollis Schi\u00f8dte, 1837Amara (Amara) montivaga Sturm, 1825Amara (Amara) ovata Amara (Amara) similata Amara (Amara) spreta Dejean, 1831Amara (Amara) tibialis Amara (Amarocelia) erratica Amara (Bradytus) apricaria Amara (Bradytus) consularis Amara (Bradytus) crenata Dejean, 1828Amara (Bradytus) fulva Amara (Bradytus) majuscula Amara (Celia) bifrons Amara (Celia) brunnea Amara (Celia) infima Amara (Celia) praetermissa Amara (Curtonotus) aulica Amara (Curtonotus) convexiuscula  {? Amara (Curtonotus) gebleri Dejean, 1831Amara (Paracelia) quenselisilvicola C.C.A. Zimmermann, 1832Amara (Percosia) equestrisequestris Amara (Xenocelia) ingenua Amara (Xenocelia) municipalis Amara (Zezea) plebeja HALIPLIDAE Aub\u00e9, 1836Family Haliplus  fluviatilis Aub\u00e9, 1836Haliplus  fulvicollis Erichson, 1837Haliplus  lineolatus Mannerheim, 1844Haliplus  ruficollis NOTERIDAE C.G. Thomson, 1860Family NOTERINAE C.G. Thomson, 1860Subfamily Noterini C.G. Thomson, 1860Tribe Noterusclavicornis Noteruscrassicornis DYTISCIDAE Leach, 1815Family AGABINAE C.G. Thomson, 1867Subfamily Agabini C.G. Thomson, 1867Tribe Agabus (Acatodes) congener Agabus (Acatodes) fuscipennis Agabus (Acatodes) sturmii Agabus (Agabus) uliginosus Agabus (Gaurodytes) affinis Agabus (Gaurodytes) biguttatus Agabus (Gaurodytes) guttatusguttatus Agabus (Gaurodytes) melanarius Aub\u00e9, 1837Ilybiusaenescens C.G. Thomson, 1870Ilybiusater Ilybiuserichsoni Ilybiusfenestratus Ilybiusfuliginosusfuliginosus Ilybiusguttiger Ilybiusneglectus Ilybiusquadriguttatus Ilybiussimilis C.G. Thomson, 1856Ilybiussubaeneus Erichson, 1837Ilybiussubtilis Ilybiuswasastjernae  {ZIN}Platambusmaculatus COLYMBETINAE Erichson, 1837Subfamily Colymbetini Erichson, 1837Tribe Colymbetespaykulli Erichson, 1837Colymbetesstriatus Rhantus (Nartus) grapii Rhantus (Rhantus) exsoletus Rhantus (Rhantus) frontalis Rhantus (Rhantus) latitans Sharp, 1882Rhantus (Rhantus) notaticollis Rhantus (Rhantus) suturellus Liopterushaemorrhoidalis CYBISTRINAE Sharp, 1880Subfamily Cybistrini Sharp, 1880Tribe Cybister (Cybister) lateralimarginalislateralimarginalis DYTISCINAE Leach, 1815Subfamily Aciliini C.G. Thomson, 1867Tribe Acilius (Acilius) canaliculatus Acilius (Acilius) sulcatus Graphoderusbilineatus Graphoderuscinereus Graphoderuszonatuszonatus Dytiscini Leach, 1815Tribe Dytiscuscircumcinctus Ahrens, 1811Dytiscuslatissimus Linnaeus, 1758Dytiscusmarginalismarginalis Linnaeus, 1758Dytiscusthianschanicus Hydaticini Sharp, 1880Tribe Hydaticus (Hydaticus) aruspex H. Clark, 1864Hydaticus (Hydaticus) continentalis J. Balfour-Browne, 1944Hydaticus (Hydaticus) seminiger Hydaticus (Hydaticus) transversalistransversalis HYDROPORINAE Aub\u00e9, 1836Subfamily Bidessini Sharp, 1880Tribe Bidessusgrossepunctatus Vorbringer, 1907Bidessusunistriatus Hydroglyphusgeminus Hydroporini Aub\u00e9, 1836Tribe Hydroporina Aub\u00e9, 1836Subtribe Hydroporusangustatus Sturm, 1835Hydroporusdorsalis Hydroporuserythrocephalus Hydroporusfuscipennis Schaum, 1867Hydroporusincognitus Sharp, 1869Hydroporusmemnonius Nicolai, 1822Hydroporusneglectus Schaum, 1845Hydroporuspalustris Hydroporusplanus Hydroporusscalesianus Stephens, 1828Hydroporusstriola Hydroporustristis Siettitiina Smr\u017e, 1982Subtribe Graptodytesbilineatus Graptodytesgranularis Graptodytespictus Porhydruslineatus Hygrotini Portevin, 1929Tribe Hygrotus (Coelambus) impressopunctatus Hygrotus (Hygrotus) decoratus Hygrotus (Hygrotus) inaequalis Hygrotus (Hygrotus) versicolor Hyphydrini Gistel, 1848Tribe Hyphydrusovatus Laccornini Wolfe & Roughley, 1990Tribe Laccornisoblongus LACCOPHILINAE Gistel, 1848Subfamily Laccophilini Gistel, 1848Tribe Laccophilushyalinus Laccophilusminutus POLYPHAGA Emery, 1886Suborder HYDROPHILOIDEA Latreille, 1802Superfamily HELOPHORIDAE Leach, 1815Family Helophorus (Kyphohelophorus) tuberculatus Gyllenhal, 1808GEORISSIDAE Laporte, 1840Family Georissus (Georissus) crenulatus HYDROCHIDAE C.G. Thomson, 1859Family Hydrochusbrevis Hydrochuscrenatus Hydrochuselongatus Hydrochuskirgisicus Motschulsky, 1860HYDROPHILIDAE Latreille, 1802Family HYDROPHILINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Berosini Mulsant, 1844Tribe Berosus (Berosus) luridus Berosus (Berosus) signaticollis Laccobiini Houlbert, 1922Tribe Laccobius (Laccobius) albipes Kuwert, 1890Laccobius (Laccobius) minutus Hydrobiusini Mulsant, 1844Tribe Hydrobiusfuscipes Hydrophilini Latreille, 1802Tribe Hydrocharacaraboides Hydrophilusaterrimus Eschscholtz, 1822CHAETARTHRIINAE Bedel, 1881Subfamily Anacaenini M. Hansen, 1991Tribe Anacaenalutescens Chaetarthriini Bedel, 1881Tribe Chaetarthriaseminulum ENOCHRINAE Short & Fik\u00e1\u010dek, 2013Subfamily Cymbiodytamarginella Enochrus (Lumetus) bicolor Enochrus (Lumetus) fuscipennis Enochrus (Lumetus) quadripunctatus Enochrus (Methydrus) affinis Enochrus (Methydrus) coarctatus ACIDOCERINAE Zaitzev, 1908Subfamily Helochares (Helochares) obscurus SPHAERIDIINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Coelostomatini L. Heyden, 1891Tribe Coelostoma (Coelostoma) orbiculare Megasternini Mulsant, 1844Tribe Cercyon (Cercyon) bifenestratus K\u00fcster, 1851Cercyon (Cercyon) convexiusculus Stephens, 1829Cercyon (Cercyon) granarius Erichson, 1837Cercyon (Cercyon) haemorrhoidalis Cercyon (Cercyon) impressus Cercyon (Cercyon) lateralis Cercyon (Cercyon) marinus C.G. Thomson, 1853Cercyon (Cercyon) melanocephalus Cercyon (Cercyon) pygmaeus Cercyon (Cercyon) quisquilius Cercyon (Cercyon) sternalis Sharp, 1918Cercyon (Cercyon) tristis Cercyon (Cercyon) unipunctatus Cercyon (Conocercyon) ustulatus Cercyon (Paracercyon) analis Cercyon (Paracycreon) laminatus Sharp, 1873\u2020Cryptopleurumcrenatum Cryptopleurumminutum Sphaeridiini Latreille, 1802Tribe Sphaeridiumbipustulatum Fabricius, 1781Sphaeridiumlunatum Fabricius, 1792Sphaeridiumscarabaeoides SPHAERITIDAE Shuckard, 1839Family Sphaeritesglabratus HISTERIDAE Gyllenhal, 1808Family ABRAEINAE W.S. MacLeay, 1819Subfamily Acritini Wenzel, 1944Tribe Acritus (Acritus) minutus Acritus (Pycnacritus) homoeopathicus Wollaston, 1857Plegaderini Portevin, 1929Tribe Plegaderus (Plegaderus) caesus Plegaderus (Plegaderus) saucius Erichson, 1834Plegaderus (Plegaderus) vulneratus DENDROPHILINAE Reitter, 1909Subfamily Dendrophilini Reitter, 1909Tribe Dendrophilus (Dendrophilus) punctatuspunctatus Dendrophilus (Dendrophilus) pygmaeus *Paromalini Reitter, 1909Tribe Paromalus  flavicornis Paromalus  parallelepipedus Platylomaluscomplanatus HISTERINAE Gyllenhal, 1808Subfamily Histerini Gyllenhal, 1808Tribe Atholusduodecimstriatusduodecimstriatus Histerbissexstriatus Fabricius, 1801Histerfunestus Erichson, 1834Histerunicolorunicolor Linnaeus, 1758Margarinotus  bipustulatus Margarinotus  neglectus Margarinotus  purpurascens Margarinotus  ventralis Margarinotus (Ptomister) brunneus Margarinotus (Ptomister) merdarius Margarinotus (Ptomister) striolastriola Margarinotus (Ptomister) terricola Hololeptini Hope, 1840Tribe Hololepta (Hololepta) plana Platysomatini Bickhardt, 1914Tribe Eurosomidesminor Platysoma (Cylister) angustatum Platysoma (Cylister) elongatumelongatum Platysoma (Cylister) lineare Erichson, 1834Platysoma (Platysoma) deplanatum SAPRININAE C.\u00c9. Blanchard, 1845Subfamily Chalcionellusdecemstriatusdecemstriatus Gnathoncusbuyssoni Auzat, 1917*Gnathoncusnannetensis Hypocaccus (Hypocaccus) rugifrons Myrmetespaykulli Kanaar, 1979Saprinus (Saprinus) aeneus Saprinus (Saprinus) caerulescenscaerulescens Saprinus (Saprinus) planiusculus Motschulsky, 1849Saprinus (Saprinus) rugifer *Saprinus (Saprinus) semistriatus STAPHYLINOIDEA Latreille, 1802Superfamily HYDRAENIDAE Mulsant, 1844Family HYDRAENINAE Mulsant, 1844Subfamily Limnebiini Mulsant, 1844Tribe Limnebiustruncatellus LEIODIDAE Fleming, 1821Family CHOLEVINAE Kirby, 1837Subfamily Cholevini Kirby, 1837Tribe Catopina Chaudoir, 1845Subtribe Apocatopsnigrita Fissocatopswesti Sciodrepoidesfumatus Sciodrepoideswatsoniwatsoni Cholevina Kirby, 1837Subtribe Choleva (Choleva) oblongaoblonga Latreille, 1806*COLONINAE Horn, 1880Subfamily Colonserripes LEIODINAE Fleming, 1821Subfamily Anisotomini Horaninow, 1834Tribe Agathidium (Cyphoceble) discoideum Erichson, 1845Agathidium (Neoceble) nigripenne Agathidium (Neoceble) rotundatumrotundatum Amphicyllisglobus Anisotomaaxillaris Gyllenhal, 1810Anisotomacastaneacastanea Anisotomaglabra Anisotomahumeralis Anisotomaorbicularis Liodopriaserricornis Leiodini Fleming, 1821Tribe Cyrtusasubtestacea Pseudoliodini Portevin, 1926Tribe Colenis (Colenis) immunda SILPHIDAE Latreille, 1806Family SILPHINAE Latreille, 1806Subfamily Dendroxenaquadrimaculata Necrodeslittoralis Oiceoptomathoracicum Phosphugaatrataatrata Silphacarinata Herbst, 1783Silphaobscuraobscura Linnaeus, 1758Silphatristis Illiger, 1798Thanatophilusdispar Thanatophilusrugosus Thanatophilussinuatus NICROPHORINAE Kirby, 1837Subfamily icrophorus humator Nicrophorusinterruptus Stephens, 1830Nicrophorusinvestigator Zetterstedt, 1824Nicrophorussepultor Charpentier, 1825Nicrophorusvespillo Nicrophorusvespilloides Herbst, 1783STAPHYLINIDAE Latreille, 1802Family OMALIINAE W.S. MacLeay, 1825Subfamily Anthophagini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Acidotacrenatacrenata Acidotacruentata Mannerheim, 1830Anthobium (Anthobium) atrocephalum Anthophagus (Dimorphoschelus) angusticollisangusticollis Anthophagus (Phaganthus) caraboidescaraboides Arpediumbrachypterum Arpediumquadrum Deliphrum (Deliphrum) tectum Eusphalerini Hatch, 1957Tribe Eusphalerumluteumluteum Eusphalerumminutum Omaliini W.S. MacLeay, 1825Tribe Acruliainflata Omaliumcaesum Gravenhorst, 1806Omaliumrivulare Phloeonomus (Phloeonomus) pusillus Phloeostibalapponica Phloeostibaplana Phyllodrepamelanocephalamelanocephala Phyllodrepanigra PROTEININAE Erichson, 1839Subfamily Proteinini Erichson, 1839Tribe Megarthrusdenticollis Megarthrusdepressus Megarthrushemipterus Proteinusatomarius Erichson, 1840Proteinusbrachypterus Proteinuslaevigatus Hochhuth, 1872MICROPEPLINAE Leach, 1815Subfamily Arrhenopeplus (Arrhenopeplus) tesserula PSELAPHINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Euplectitae Streubel, 1839Supertribe Euplectini Streubel, 1839Tribe Euplectuskarstenii Euplectuskirbiikirbii Denny, 1825Euplectuspunctatus Mulsant & Rey, 1861Trichonychini Reitter, 1882Tribe Bibloporina O. Park, 1951Subtribe Bibloporus (Bibloporus) minutus Raffray, 1914Panaphantina Jeannel, 1950Subtribe Bibloplectus (Bibloplectus) ambiguus Trichonychina Reitter, 1882Subtribe Trichonyxsulcicollis *Trimiina Brendel & Wickham, 1890Subtribe Trimiumbrevicorne Brachyglutini Raffray, 1904Tribe Brachyglutina Raffray, 1904Subtribe Brachygluta (Brachygluta) fossulata Brachyglutahaematica Fagnieziaimpressa Rybaxislongicornis Bythinini Raffray, 1890Tribe Bythinini Raffray, 1890Subtribe Bryaxisbulbifer Tychini Raffray, 1904Tribe Tychusniger Pselaphitae Latreille, 1802Supertribe Pselaphini Latreille, 1802Tribe Pselaphaulaxdresdensis Tyrini Reitter, 1882Tribe Tyrina Reitter, 1882Subtribe Tyrusmucronatusmucronatus PHLOEOCHARINAE Erichson, 1839Subfamily Phloeocharis (Phloeocharis) subtilissima Mannerheim, 1830TACHYPORINAE W.S. MacLeay, 1825Subfamily Mycetoporini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Bolitobius (Bolitobius) castaneusboreomontanicus Sch\u00fclke, 2010Carphacisstriatus Ischnosomalongicorne Ischnosomasplendidum Lordithonexoletus Lordithonlunulatus Lordithonpulchellus Lordithonspeciosus Lordithonthoracicusthoracicus Lordithontrimaculatus Mycetoporusbimaculatus Lacordaire, 1835*Mycetoporuslepidus Mycetoporusmaerkelii Kraatz, 1857Mycetoporusmonticola Fowler, 1888Mycetoporuspunctus Parabolitobiusformosus Tachyporini W.S. MacLeay, 1825Tribe Lamprinodessaginatus Sepedophilusbinotatus Sepedophilusbipunctatus Sepedophilusbipustulatus Sepedophilusconstans Sepedophilusimmaculatus Sepedophiluslittoreus Sepedophilusmarshami Sepedophiluspedicularius Sepedophilustestaceus Tachinus (Tachinus) bipustulatus Tachinus (Tachinus) laticollis Gravenhorst, 1802Tachinus (Tachinus) marginellusmarginellus *Tachinus (Tachinus) proximus Kraatz, 1855Tachinus (Tachinus) rufipes Tachinus (Tachinus) subterraneus Tachyporus  nitidulus Tachyporus (Tachyporus) abdominalis Tachyporus (Tachyporus) chrysomelinus Tachyporus (Tachyporus) dispar Tachyporus (Tachyporus) formosus A. [H]. Matthews, 1838Tachyporus (Tachyporus) hypnorum Tachyporus (Tachyporus) obtusus Tachyporus (Tachyporus) pallidus Sharp, 1871Tachyporus (Tachyporus) pulchellus Mannerheim, 1843Tachyporus (Tachyporus) quadriscopulatusquadriscopulatus Pandell\u00e9, 1869Tachyporus (Tachyporus) scitulus Erichson, 1839Tachyporus (Tachyporus) solutus Erichson, 1839Tachyporus (Tachyporus) transversalis Gravenhorst, 1806HABROCERINAE Mulsant & Rey, 1876Subfamily Habroceruscapillaricornis ALEOCHARINAE Fleming, 1821Subfamily Aleocharini Fleming, 1821Tribe Aleocharina Fleming, 1821Subtribe Aleochara (Aleochara) curtula Aleochara (Ceranota) erythroptera Gravenhorst, 1806Aleochara (Coprochara) bipustulata Aleochara (Xenochara) brevipennis Gravenhorst, 1806Aleochara (Xenochara) falcata Assing, 2009*Aleochara (Xenochara) fumata Gravenhorst, 1802Aleochara (Xenochara) grandeguttata Assing, 2009Aleochara (Xenochara) haematoptera Kraatz, 1858Aleochara (Xenochara) stichai Likovsk\u00fd, 1965Athetini Casey, 1910Tribe Athetina Casey, 1910Subtribe Acrotona (Acrotona) aterrima Acrotona (Acrotona) convergens Acrotona (Acrotona) exigua Acrotona (Acrotona) muscorum Acrotona (Acrotona) obfuscata Acrotona (Acrotona) parvula Acrotona (Acrotona) pseudotenera \u2020Acrotona (Acrotona) pygmaea Acrotona (Acrotona) sylvicola Aliantaincana Amischaanalis Amischabifoveolata Amischadecipiens Atheta (Alaobia) gagatina Atheta (Alaobia) pallidicornis Atheta (Alaobia) scapularis Atheta (Alaobia) sodalis Atheta (Atheta) basicornis Atheta (Atheta) crassicornis Atheta (Atheta) ebenina Atheta (Atheta) euryptera Atheta (Atheta) harwoodi B.S. Williams, 1930Atheta (Atheta) paracrassicornis Brundin, 1954Atheta (Atheta) pilicornis Atheta (Atheta) vaga Atheta (Badura) cauta *Atheta (Bessobia) occulta Atheta (Ceritaxa) subterranea Atheta (Chaetida) longicornis Atheta (Datomicra) canescens Atheta (Datomicra) dadopora C.G. Thomson, 1867Atheta (Datomicra) nigra Atheta (Dimetrota) intermedia Atheta (Microdota) atomaria *Atheta (Microdota) minuscula Atheta (Mocyta) clientula Atheta (Mocyta) fungifungi Atheta (Mocyta) fussi Bernhauer, 1908Atheta (Mocyta) orbata Atheta (Mycetota) laticollis Atheta (Parameotica) laticeps Atheta (Philhygra) britteni Joy, 1913Atheta (Philhygra) debilis Atheta (Philhygra) deformis Atheta (Philhygra) elongatula Atheta (Philhygra) gyllenhalii Atheta (Philhygra) hygrobia Atheta (Philhygra) luridipennis Atheta (Philhygra) malleus Joy, 1913Atheta (Philhygra) palustris Atheta (Philhygra) pseudoelongatula Bernhauer, 1907Atheta (Philhygra) sequanica Atheta (Philhygra) tmolosensis Bernhauer, 1940Atheta (Tetropla) liturata Atheta (Tetropla) nigritula Atheta (Xenota) lativentris J.R. Sahlberg, 1876Dadobiaimmersa Dinaraeaaequata Dochmonotaclancula Eurodotinainquinula Lioglutamicroptera C.G. Thomson, 1867Lyprocorrheanceps Nehemitropialividipennis Notothecta (Notothecta) flavipes Pachnidanigella Plataraea (Plataraea) dubiosa Schistoglossaaubei Schistoglossagemina Schistoglossaviduata Autaliini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Autalialongicornis Scheerpeltz, 1947Deinopsini Sharp, 1883Tribe Deinopsiserosa Falagriini Mulsant & Rey, 1873Tribe Cordaliaobscura Falagriacaesa Erichson, 1837Geostibini Seevers, 1978Tribe Alevonotaegregia Alevonotagracilenta *Alevonotarufotestacea Geostiba (Geostiba) circellaris Homalotini Heer, 1839Tribe Bolitocharina C.G. Thomson, 1859Subtribe Bolitocharaobliqua Erichson, 1837Bolitocharapulchra Bolitocharatecta Assing, 2014Euryusa (Euryusa) castanoptera Kraatz, 1856Leptusa (Leptusa) pulchella Phymaturabrevicollis Tachyusidagracilis Gyrophaenina Kraatz, 1856Subtribe Encephalus  complicans Stephens, 1832Gyrophaena (Agaricophaena) boleti Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) bihamata C.G. Thomson, 1867Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) fasciata Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) gentilis Erichson, 1839Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) joyi Wendler, 1924Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) joyioides W\u00fcsthoff, 1937Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) lucidula Erichson, 1837Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) manca Erichson, 1839Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) nitidula Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) orientalis A. Strand, 1938Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) poweri Crotch, 1867Gyrophaena (Leptarthrophaena) affinis Mannerheim, 1830Gyrophaena (Phaenogyra) strictula Erichson, 1839Homalotina Heer, 1839Subtribe Anomognathuscuspidatus Cypheacurtula Homalotaplana Hygronomini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Hygronomina C.G. Thomson, 1859Subtribe Hygronomadimidiata Hypocyphtini Laporte, 1835Tribe Cyphadiscoidea Cyphaseminulum Cyphatarsalis Holobusapicatus Holobusflavicornis Oligotagranaria Erichson, 1837Oligotainflata Oligotaparva Kraatz, 1862Oligotapusillima Lomechusini Fleming, 1821Tribe Lomechusina Fleming, 1821Subtribe Lomechusapubicollis Brisout de Barneville, 1860Myrmedoniina C.G. Thomson, 1867Subtribe Drusilla (Drusilla) canaliculata Pellacognata Pellafunesta Pellalaticollis Pellalugens Zyras (Zyras) collaris Myllaenini Ganglbauer, 1895Tribe Myllaenadubia Myllaenaintermedia Erichson, 1837Myllaenaminuta Oxypodini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Dinardina Mulsant & Rey, 1873Subtribe Dinardahagensii Wasmann, 1889*Thiasophilalohsei Zerche, 1987Meoticina Seevers, 1978Subtribe Meoticaexilis Meoticafiliformis Microglottina Fenyes, 1918Subtribe Crataraeasuturalis Haploglossavillosula Oxypodina C.G. Thomson, 1859Subtribe Caloderaaethiops Caloderariparia Erichson, 1837Caloderauliginosa Erichson, 1837Dexiogyiacorticina Ilyobatesnigricollis Ocalea  badia Erichson, 1837Ocyusamaura Oxypoda (Baeoglena) praecox Erichson, 1839Oxypoda (Bessopora) haemorrhoa Oxypoda (Disochara) elongatula Aub\u00e9, 1850Oxypoda (Disochara) procerula Mannerheim, 1830Oxypoda (Mycetodrepa) alternans Oxypoda (Oxypoda) acuminata Oxypoda (Oxypoda) longipes Mulsant & Rey, 1861Oxypoda (Oxypoda) opaca Oxypoda (Podoxya) brevicornis Oxypoda (Podoxya) hansseni A. Strand, 1946Oxypoda (Podoxya) skalitzkyi Bernhauer, 1902*Oxypoda (Thliboptera) togata Erichson, 1837Phloeoporina C.G. Thomson, 1859Subtribe Phloeoporacorticaliscorticalis Phloeoporanitidiventris Fauvel, 1900Phloeoporatestacea Placusini Mulsant & Rey, 1871Tribe Placusa (Placusa) atrata Placusa (Placusa) complanata Erichson, 1839Placusa (Placusa) depressa M\u00e4klin, 1845Placusa (Placusa) tachyporoides Tachyusini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Brachyusaconcolor Dasygnypetavelata Dilacravilis Ischnopodaleucopus Ischnopodaumbratica Tachyusacoarctata Erichson, 1837Tachyusaconstricta Erichson, 1837Tachyusaobjecta Mulsant & Rey, 1870Tachyusaatra SCAPHIDIINAE Latreille, 1806Subfamily Scaphidiini Latreille, 1806Tribe Scaphidiumquadrimaculatum G.-A. Olivier, 1790Scaphisomatini Casey, 1893Tribe Scaphisomaagaricinum Scaphisomaassimileassimile Erichson, 1845*Scaphisomabalcanicum Tamanini, 1954Scaphisomaboreale Lundblad, 1952Scaphisomalimbatum Erichson, 1845Scaphisomasubalpinumsubalpinum Reitter, 1880OXYTELINAE Fleming, 1821Subfamily Blediini \u00c1d\u00e1m, 2001Tribe Bledius (Astycops) subterraneus Erichson, 1839Bledius (Astycops) talpa Bledius (Bargus) opacus Bledius (Bargus) pallipes Bledius (Bledius) tricornis Bledius (Dicarenus) fergussonifergussoni Joy, 1912Bledius (Hesperophilus) dissimilis Erichson, 1840Bledius (Hesperophilus) gallicus Coprophilini Heer, 1839Tribe Coprophilus (Coprophilus) striatulus Oxytelini Fleming, 1821Tribe Anotylushamatus Anotylusinsecatus Anotylusnitidulus Anotyluspumilus Anotylusrugosus Anotylustetracarinatus Oxytelus (Epomotylus) sculptus Gravenhorst, 1806Oxytelus (Oxytelus) fulvipes Erichson, 1839Oxytelus (Oxytelus) migrator Fauvel, 1904\u2020Oxytelus (Oxytelus) piceus Oxytelus (Tanycraerus) laqueatus *Platystethus (Craetopycrus) cornutuscornutus Platystethus (Craetopycrus) nitens Planeustomini Jacquelin du Val, 1857Tribe Mandamandibularis Syntomiini B\u00f6ving & Craighead, 1931Tribe Syntomiumaeneum Thinobiini J.R. Sahlberg, 1876Tribe Carpelimus (Carpelimus) fuliginosus Carpelimus (Carpelimus) lindrothilindrothi Carpelimus (Carpelimus) obesus Carpelimus (Carpelimus) pusillus Carpelimus (Paratrogophloeus) bilineatus Stephens, 1834Carpelimus (Paratrogophloeus) rivularis Carpelimus (Troginus) exiguus Carpelimus (Trogophloeus) corticinus Carpelimus (Trogophloeus) elongatuluselongatulus Carpelimus (Trogophloeus) gracilis Carpelimus (Trogophloeus) manchuricussubtilicornis Carpelimus (Trogophloeus) modestus Casey, 1889Thinobius (Thinobius) flagellatus Lohse, 1984OXYPORINAESubfamily  Fleming, 1821Oxyporusmannerheimii Gyllenhal, 1827Oxyporusmaxillosus Fabricius, 1792Oxyporusrufus *STENINAE W.S. MacLeay, 1825Subfamily Stenusargus Gravenhorst, 1806 *Stenusater Mannerheim, 1830Stenusbifoveolatus Gyllenhal, 1827Stenusbimaculatus Gyllenhal, 1810Stenusboopsboops Ljungh, 1810Stenuscarbonarius Gyllenhal, 1827Stenuscicindeloides Stenusclavicornis Stenuscommacomma LeConte, 1863Stenusexcubitor Erichson, 1839Stenusflavipesflavipes Stephens, 1833*Stenusformicetorum Mannerheim, 1843Stenusfossulatus Erichson, 1840*Stenusgallicus Fauvel, 1873Stenushumilis Erichson, 1839Stenusincrassatus Erichson, 1839Stenusjuno Stenuslustrator Erichson, 1839Stenusmorio Gravenhorst, 1806Stenusnanus Stephens, 1833Stenuspubescenspubescens Stephens, 1833Stenussimilis Stenussolutus Erichson, 1840Stenussylvester Erichson, 1839EUAESTHETINAE C.G. Thomson, 1859Subfamily Euaesthetini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Euaesthetusruficapillus PAEDERINAE Fleming, 1821Subfamily Paederini Fleming, 1821Tribe Astenina Hatch, 1957Subtribe Astenus (Astenus) gracilis Astenus (Astenus) pulchellus Cryptobiina Casey, 1905Subtribe Ochthephilumfracticorne Lathrobiina Laporte, 1835Subtribe Acheniumhumilehumile Lathrobium (Lathrobium) brunnipes Lathrobium (Lathrobium) flavipes Hochhuth, 1851Lathrobium (Lathrobium) fovulum Stephens, 1833Lathrobium (Lathrobium) fulvipenne Lathrobium (Lathrobium) geminum Kraatz, 1857Lathrobium (Lathrobium) longulum Gravenhorst, 1802Lathrobium (Lathrobium) rufipenne Gyllenhal, 1813Tetartopeusquadratus Tetartopeusrufonitidus Tetartopeusterminatus Medonina Casey, 1905Subtribe Lithocharisnigriceps Kraatz, 1859Pseudomedonobscurellus Paederina Fleming, 1821Subtribe Paederus (Heteropaederus) fuscipesfuscipes Curtis, 1826Paederus (Paederus) riparius Paederus (Poederomorphus) littoralislittoralis Gravenhorst, 1802Scopaeina Mulsant & Rey, 1878Subtribe Scopaeus (Scopaeus) laevigatus Stilicina Casey, 1905Subtribe Rugilus (Rugilus) angustatus Rugilus (Rugilus) erichsonii Rugilus (Rugilus) rufipes Germar, 1836STAPHYLININAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Othiini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Atrecusaffinis Othiuspunctulatus Staphylinini Latreille, 1802Tribe Amblyopinina Seevers, 1944Subtribe Heterothopsquadripunctulus Heterothopsstiglundbergi Israelson, 1979Philonthina Kirby, 1837Subtribe Bisniuscephalotes *Bisniusfimetarius Bisniusnitidulus Bisniuspuella Bisniussordidus Bisniussubuliformis Erichsonius (Erichsonius) cinerascens Gabriusappendiculatus Sharp, 1910Gabriusaustriacus Scheerpeltz, 1947Gabriusbescidicus Smetana, 1954Gabriusbreviventer Gabriusexspectatus Smetana, 1952Gabriusosseticus Gabriustrossulus Neobisniusprocerulusprocerulus Neobisniusvillosulus Philonthus (Onychophilonthus) marginatus Philonthus (Philonthus) addendus Sharp, 1867Philonthus (Philonthus) albipes Philonthus (Philonthus) atratus Philonthus (Philonthus) carbonarius Philonthus (Philonthus) cognatus Stephens, 1832Philonthus (Philonthus) concinnus Philonthus (Philonthus) corvinus Erichson, 1839Philonthus (Philonthus) cruentatus Philonthus (Philonthus) cyanipennis Philonthus (Philonthus) debilis Philonthus (Philonthus) decorus Philonthus (Philonthus) fumarius Philonthus (Philonthus) furcifer Renkonen, 1937Philonthus (Philonthus) lepidus Philonthus (Philonthus) micans Philonthus (Philonthus) micantoides G. Benick & Lohse, 1956Philonthus (Philonthus) nigrita Philonthus (Philonthus) politus Philonthus (Philonthus) quisquiliariusquisquiliarius Philonthus (Philonthus) rectangulus Sharp, 1874\u2020Philonthus (Philonthus) rubripennis Stephens, 1832Philonthus (Philonthus) sanguinolentus Philonthus (Philonthus) splendenssplendens Philonthus (Philonthus) succicola C.G. Thomson, 1860Philonthus (Philonthus) tenuicornis Mulsant & Rey, 1853Philonthus (Philonthus) umbratilis Philonthus (Philonthus) varians Rabiguspullus Rabigustenuis Quediina Kraatz, 1857Subtribe Acylophoruswagenschieberi Kiesenwetter, 1850Quedius (Microsaurus) cruentus Quedius (Microsaurus) longicornis Kraatz, 1857*Quedius (Microsaurus) maurus Quedius (Microsaurus) mesomelinusmesomelinus Quedius (Microsaurus) scitus Quedius (Microsaurus) xanthopus Erichson, 1839Quedius (Quedius) fuliginosus Quedius (Quedius) molochinus Quedius (Velleius) dilatatus Staphylinina Latreille, 1802Subtribe Creophilusmaxillosusmaxillosus Dinothenarus (Dinothenarus) pubescenspubescens Emushirtus Ocypus (Matidus) nitensnitens Ocypus (Ocypus) ophthalmicusophthalmicus Ontholestesmurinus Ontholestestessellatus Ontholestestessellatus Platydracus (Platydracus) fulvipes Platydracus (Platydracus) latebricola *Platydracus (Platydracus) stercorariusstercorarius Staphylinuserythropteruserythropterus Linnaeus, 1758Tanygnathinina Reitter, 1909Subtribe Quedionuchusplagiatus Xantholinini Erichson, 1839Tribe Gyrohypnus (Gyrohypnus) angustatus Stephens, 1833Gyrohypnus (Gyrohypnus) fracticornis Hypnogyraangularis Leptacinusintermedius Donisthorpe, 1936Leptacinussulcifrons Nudobiuslentus Xantholinus (Purrolinus) tricolor Xantholinus (Xantholinus) dvoraki Coiffait, 1956Xantholinus (Xantholinus) linearislinearis Xantholinus (Xantholinus) longiventris Heer, 1839SCYDMAENIDAE Leach, 1815Family SCYDMAENITAE Leach, 1815Supertribe Eutheiini Casey, 1897Tribe Eutheiascydmaenoidesscydmaenoides Stephens, 1830Stenichnini Fauvel, 1885Tribe Euconnus (Euconnus) hirticollis Euconnus (Napochus) clavigerclaviger Euconnus (Neonapochus) maklinii Euconnus (Psomophus) wetterhallii Neuraphes (Neuraphes) angulatus Neuraphes (Neuraphes) elongatulus Stenichnus (Stenichnus) bicolor Stenichnus (Stenichnus) collariscollaris Stenichnus (Stenichnus) scutellaris Scydmaenini Leach, 1815Tribe Scydmaenus (Cholerus) hellwigii Scydmaenus (Scydmaenus) tarsatus P.W.J. M\u00fcller & Kunze, 1822Series SCARABAEIFORMIA Crowson, 1960SCARABAEOIDEA Latreille, 1802Superfamily GEOTRUPIDAE Latreille, 1802Family GEOTRUPINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Geotrupini Latreille, 1802Tribe Anoplotrupesstercorosus Geotrupesbaicalicus Reitter, 1892Trypocopris (Trypocopris) vernalisvernalis TROGIDAE W.S. MacLeay, 1819Family TROGINAE W.S. MacLeay, 1819Subfamily Troxcadaverinuscadaverinus Illiger, 1802Troxsabulosussabulosus Troxscaber LUCANIDAE Latreille, 1804Family SYNDESINAE W.S. MacLeay, 1819Subfamily Ceruchini LeConte, 1861Tribe Ceruchuschrysomelinus Sinodendrini LeConte, 1861Tribe Sinodendroncylindricum LUCANINAE Latreille, 1804Subfamily Platycerini Mulsant, 1842Tribe Platyceruscaprea Platyceruscaraboides SCARABAEIDAE Latreille, 1802Family APHODIINAE Leach, 1815Subfamily Aphodiini Leach, 1815Tribe Aphodiina Leach, 1815Subtribe Acanthobodilusimmundus Acrossusdepressus Acrossusluridus Acrossusrufipes Agoliinusnemoralis Agrilinusater Ammoeciusbrevis *Aphodiusfimetarius Bodilopsisrufa Bodilopsissordidasordida Bodiluslugens Calamosternusgranarius Chilothoraxdistinctusdistinctus Chilothoraxmelanosticus Colobopteruserraticus Esymuspusilluspusillus Euheptaulacussus Eupleurussubterraneussubterraneus Liothoraxplagiatus Melinopterusprodromus Melinopteruspunctatosulcatushirtipes Mendidaphodiuslinearis Nialusvarians Otophorushaemorrhoidalis Oxyomussylvestris Teuchestesfossor Volinussticticus Psammodiini Mulsant, 1842Tribe Rhyssemina Pittino & Mariani, 1986Subtribe Pleurophoruscaesus SCARABAEINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Coprini Leach, 1815Tribe Copris (Copris) lunaris Oniticellini H.J. Kolbe, 1905Tribe Oniticellina H.J. Kolbe, 1905Subtribe Euoniticellusfulvus Onthophagini Streubel, 1846Tribe Caccobius (Caccobius) schreberi Onthophagus (Furconthophagus) furcatus Onthophagus  coenobita Onthophagus  fracticornis Onthophagus  gibbulusgibbulus Onthophagus  nuchicornis Onthophagus  ovatus Onthophagus  vacca MELOLONTHINAE Leach, 1819Subfamily Hopliini Latreille, 1829Tribe Hoplia (Hoplia) parvula Krynicki, 1832Hoplia (Hoplia) zaitzevi Jakobson, 1914* {ZIN}Melolonthini Leach, 1819Tribe Melolonthahippocastanihippocastani Fabricius, 1801Rhizotrogini Burmeister, 1855Tribe Amphimallonaltaicum Amphimallonsolstitialesolstitiale Sericini Kirby, 1837Tribe Maladera  holosericea Serica (Serica) brunnea RUTELINAE W.S. MacLeay, 1819Subfamily Anomalini Streubel, 1839Tribe Anisopliina Burmeister, 1844Subtribe Chaetopteropliasegetumsegetum Anomalina Streubel, 1839Subtribe Anomaladubiadubia Mimelaholosericea Phylloperthahorticola DYNASTINAE W.S. MacLeay, 1819Subfamily Oryctini Mulsant, 1842Tribe Oryctes (Oryctes) nasicornispolonicus Minck, 1918CETONIINAE Leach, 1815Subfamily Cetoniini Leach, 1815Tribe Cetoniina Leach, 1815Subtribe Cetonia (Cetonia) aurataaurata Protaetia (Cetonischema) speciosissima Protaetia (Liocola) marmoratamarmorata Protaetia (Potosia) cupreavolhyniensis Protaetiametallica  in our publications [indicated as Protaetia (Potosia) fieberiboldyrevi Jakobson, 1909Leucocelina Kraatz, 1882Subtribe Oxythyreafunesta Osmodermatini Schenkling, 1922Tribe Osmodermabarnabita Motschulsky, 1845Trichiini Fleming, 1821Tribe Trichiina Fleming, 1821Subtribe Gnorimusvariabilis Trichiusfasciatus Valgini Mulsant, 1842Tribe Valgushemipterushemipterus Series SCIRTIFORMIA Fleming, 1821SCIRTOIDEA Fleming, 1821Superfamily SCIRTIDAE Fleming, 1821Family SCIRTINAE Fleming, 1821Subfamily Contacyphonpadi Contacyphonpubescens Contacyphonvariabilis Elodesminutus Microcaratestacea Scirteshemisphaericus EUCINETIDAE Lacordaire, 1857Family Eucinetushaemorrhoidalis ELATERIFORMIA Crowson, 1960Series DASCILLOIDEA Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1843 (1834)Superfamily DASCILLIDAE Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1843 (1834)Family DASCILLINAE Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1843 (1834)Subfamily Dascillini Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1843 (1834)Tribe Dascilluscervinus BUPRESTOIDEA Leach, 1815Superfamily BUPRESTIDAE Leach, 1815Family CHRYSOCHROINAE Laporte, 1835Subfamily Chalcophorini Lacordaire, 1857Tribe Chalcophoramariana Dicercini Gistel, 1848Tribe Dicercaaeneaaenea Dicercaalni Dicercafurcata Poecilonotini Jakobson, 1913Tribe Poecilonotavariolosavariolosa BUPRESTINAE Leach, 1815Subfamily Anthaxiini Gory & Laporte, 1839Tribe Anthaxia (Melanthaxia) quadripunctataquadripunctata Buprestini Leach, 1815Tribe Buprestis (Ancylocheira) haemorrhoidalishaemorrhoidalis Herbst, 1780Buprestis (Ancylocheira) rusticarustica Linnaeus, 1758Buprestis (Buprestis) octoguttataoctoguttata Linnaeus, 1758Chrysobothrini Gory & Laporte, 1837Tribe Chrysobothris (Chrysobothris) affinisaffinis Chrysobothris (Chrysobothris) chrysostigmachrysostigma Melanophilini Bedel, 1921Tribe Melanophilaacuminata Phaenopscyanea AGRILINAE Laporte, 1835Subfamily Agrilini Laporte, 1835Tribe Agrilina Laporte, 1835Subtribe Agrilusangustulusangustulus *Agrilusater *Agrilusbetuleti Agrilusbiguttatus Agriluscuprescenscuprescens Agriluscyanescenscyanescens Agriluskaluganus Obenberger, 1940 {ZIN}Agriluspratensis Agrilussalicis J. Frivaldszky, 1877Agrilussulcicollis Lacordaire, 1835Agrilusviridis Agriluszigzag Marseul, 1866Coraebini Bedel, 1921Tribe Coraebina Bedel, 1921Subtribe Coraebuselatus Tracheini Laporte, 1835Tribe Tracheina Laporte, 1835Subtribe Trachysminutusminutus BYRRHOIDEA Latreille, 1804Superfamily BYRRHIDAE Latreille, 1804Family BYRRHINAE Latreille, 1804Subfamily Morychini El Moursy, 1961Tribe Morychusaeneus Lamprobyrrhulusnitidus Byrrhini Latreille, 1804Tribe Byrrhus (Byrrhus) fasciatus Byrrhus (Byrrhus) pilulapilula Byrrhus (Byrrhus) pustulatuspustulatus Cytilussericeus SYNCALYPTINAE Mulsant & Rey, 1869Subfamily Syncalyptini Mulsant & Rey, 1869Tribe Curimopsis (Curimopsis) paleata ELMIDAE Curtis, 1830Family ELMINAE Curtis, 1830Subfamily Macronychini Gistel, 1848Tribe Macronychusquadrituberculatus P.W.J. M\u00fcller, 1806DRYOPIDAE Billberg, 1820 (1817)Family Dryopsauriculatus Dryopsernesti Gozis, 1886LIMNICHIDAE Erichson, 1846Family LIMNICHINAE Erichson, 1846Subfamily Limnichussericeus HETEROCERIDAE W.S. MacLeay, 1825Family HETEROCERINAE W.S. MacLeay, 1825Subfamily Augylini Pacheco, 1964Tribe Augyles (Augyles) hispidulus Heterocerini W.S. MacLeay, 1825Tribe Heterocerusfenestratus Heterocerusfossor Kiesenwetter, 1843Heterocerusfusculusfusculus Kiesenwetter, 1843Heterocerusmarginatus ELATEROIDEA Leach, 1815Superfamily EUCNEMIDAE Eschscholtz, 1829Family MELASINAE Fleming, 1821Subfamily Calyptocerini Muona, 1993Tribe Othosphondyloides  {ZIN}Dirhagini Reitter, 1911Tribe Microrhagusemyi  {ZIN}Microrhaguslepidus  {ZIN}Microrhaguspygmaeus  {ZIN}Dirrhagofarsusattenuatus  {ZIN}Rhacopussahlbergi  {ZIN}Epiphanini Muona, 1993Tribe Hylisolexai  {ZIN}Hylisprocerulus  {ZIN}Melasini Fleming, 1821Tribe Isorhipismarmottani  {ZIN}Isorhipismelasoides * {ZIN}Melasisbuprestoides  {ZIN}EUCNEMINAE Eschscholtz, 1829Subfamily Eucnemini Eschscholtz, 1829Tribe Eucnemiszaitzevi Mamaev, 1976* {ZIN}Eucnemiscapucina Ahrens, 1812  {ZIN}THROSCIDAE Laporte, 1840Family THROSCINAE Laporte, 1840Subfamily Throscini Laporte, 1840Tribe Trixagusdermestoides  {ZIN}ELATERIDAE Leach, 1815Family AGRYPNINAE Cand\u00e8ze, 1857Subfamily Agrypnini Cand\u00e8ze, 1857Tribe Agrypnusmurinus Danosomaconspersum Danosomafasciatum Laconlepidopterus  {ZMMU}CARDIOPHORINAE Cand\u00e8ze, 1859Subfamily Cardiophorini Cand\u00e8ze, 1859Tribe Cardiophorus (Cardiophorus) ebeninus Cardiophorus (Cardiophorus) ruficollis Dicronychusequiseti DENDROMETRINAE Gistel, 1848Subfamily Dendrometrini Gistel, 1848Tribe Dendrometrina Gistel, 1848Subtribe Athous (Athous) haemorrhoidalis Athous (Athous) vittatus Athous (Haplathous) subfuscus Limoniusminutus Pheletesaeneoniger Denticollina Stein & J. Weise, 1877 (1848)Subtribe Denticollisborealis  {ZIN}Denticollislinearis Denticollisrubens Piller et Mitterpacher, 1783* {ZIN}Hemicrepidiina Champion, 1894Subtribe Diacanthousundulatus Hemicrepidius (Hemicrepidius) hirtus Hemicrepidius (Hemicrepidius) niger Hypnoidini Schwarz, 1906 (1860)Tribe Hypnoidusriparius Prosternini Gistel, 1856Tribe Actenicerus (Actenicerus) sjaelandicus Anostiruscastaneuscastaneus Aplotarsusincanus Ctenicerapectinicornis Orithalesserraticornisserraticornis Prosternontessellatum Pseudanostirusglobicollis  {? Selatosomini Schimmel, Tarnawski, Han et Platia, 2015Tribe Mosotalesina Schimmel, Tarnawski, Han et Platia, 2015Subtribe Mosotalesus  impressusimpressus Mosotalesus  nigricornis Selatosomina Schimmel, Tarnawski, Han et Platia, 2015Subtribe Pristilophuscruciatus Selatosomus (Selatosomus) aeneus Selatosomus (Selatosomus) latus ELATERINAE Leach, 1815Subfamily Agriotini Laporte, 1840Tribe Agriotina Laporte, 1840Subtribe Agriotes (Agriotes) lineatus Agriotes (Agriotes) obscurus Agriotes (Agriotes) sputator Dalopiusmarginatus Ectinusaterrimus  {ZMMU}Ampedini Gistel, 1848Tribe Ampedus (Ampedus) balteatus Ampedus (Ampedus) cinnabarinus Ampedus (Ampedus) elegantulus Ampedus (Ampedus) elongatulus  {ZMMU}Ampedus (Ampedus) erythrogonus Ampedus (Ampedus) karpathicus  {ZMMU}Ampedus (Ampedus) nigerrimus  {ZMMU}Ampedus (Ampedus) nigrinus Ampedus (Ampedus) nigroflavus Ampedus (Ampedus) pomonae Ampedus (Ampedus) pomorum Ampedus (Ampedus) praeustus Ampedus (Ampedus) sanguineus Ampedus (Ampedus) sanguinolentussanguinolentus Ampedus (Ampedus) tristis Elaterini Leach, 1815Tribe Elaterferrugineusferrugineus Linnaeus, 1758Sericus (Sericus) brunneusbrunneus Sericus (Sericus) sulcipennis Buysson, 1893Melanotini Cand\u00e8ze, 1859 (1848)Tribe Melanotus (Melanotus) castanipes Melanotus (Melanotus) villosus Synaptini Gistel, 1856Tribe Synaptusfiliformis NEGASTRIINAE Nakane & Kishii, 1956Subfamily Negastriini Nakane & Kishii, 1956Tribe Negastriuspulchellus Oedostethusquadripustulatus LYCIDAE Laporte, 1838Family EROTINAE LeConte, 1881Subfamily Erotini LeConte, 1881Tribe Aplatopterusrubens Erotides (Glabroplatycis) nasutus Lopheroslineatus  {ZIN, ZMMU},Platycisminutus Dictyopterini Houlbert, 1922Tribe Dictyopterina Houlbert, 1922Subtribe Dictyopteraaurora Pyropterusnigroruber Conderini Boc\u00e1k et Boc\u00e1kov\u00e1, 1990Tribe Xylobanelluserythropterus LYCINAE Laporte, 1838Subfamily Calochromini Lacordaire, 1857Tribe Lygistopterussanguineus LAMPYRIDAE Rafinesque, 1815Family LAMPYRINAE Rafinesque, 1815Subfamily Lampyrini Rafinesque, 1815Tribe Lampyrisnoctiluca CANTHARIDAE Imhoff, 1856 (1815)Family CANTHARINAE Imhoff, 1856 (1815)Subfamily Podabrini Gistel, 1856Tribe Podabrusalpinus Cantharini Imhoff, 1856 (1815)Tribe Cantharis (Cantharis) figurata Mannerheim, 1843Cantharis (Cantharis) flavilabris Fall\u00e9n, 1807Cantharis (Cantharis) fusca Linnaeus, 1758Cantharis (Cantharis) livida Linnaeus, 1758Cantharis (Cantharis) nigricans O.F. M\u00fcller, 1776Cantharis (Cantharis) obscura Linnaeus, 1758Cantharis (Cantharis) pallida Goeze, 1777Cantharis (Cantharis) paludosa Fall\u00e9n, 1807Cantharis (Cantharis) pellucida Fabricius, 1792Cantharis (Cantharis) rufa Linnaeus, 1758Cantharis (Cantharis) rustica Fall\u00e9n, 1807Cantharis (Cyrtomoptila) lateralis Linnaeus, 1758Rhagonycha (Rhagonycha) atra Rhagonycha (Rhagonycha) elongata Rhagonycha (Rhagonycha) fugaxfugax Mannerheim, 1843Rhagonycha (Rhagonycha) fulva Rhagonycha (Rhagonycha) lignosa Rhagonycha (Rhagonycha) nigripes Rhagonycha (Rhagonycha) nigriventris Motschulsky, 1860Rhagonycha (Rhagonycha) testacea SILINAE Mulsant, 1862Subfamily Silini Mulsant, 1862Tribe Silisruficollis MALTHININAE Kiesenwetter, 1852Subfamily Malthinini Kiesenwetter, 1852Tribe Malthinus  fasciatus Malthinus  flaveolus Malthinus  frontalis Malthodini B\u00f6ving & Craighead, 1931Tribe Malthodes  guttifer Kiesenwetter, 1852*BOSTRICHIFORMIA Forbes, 1926Series BOSTRICHOIDEA Latreille, 1802Superfamily DERMESTIDAE Latreille, 1804Family DERMESTINAE Latreille, 1804Subfamily Dermestini Latreille, 1804Tribe Dermestes (Dermestes) lardarius Linnaeus, 1758\u2020Dermestes (Dermestinus) frischii Kugelann, 1792\u2020Dermestes (Dermestinus) laniarius Illiger, 1801Dermestes (Dermestinus) murinusmurinus Linnaeus, 1758Dermestes (Dermestinus) undulatus Brahm, 1790*ORPHILINAE LeConte, 1861Subfamily Orphilusniger ATTAGENINAE Laporte, 1840Subfamily Attagenini Laporte, 1840Tribe Attagenus (Attagenus) schaefferischaefferi Attagenus (Attagenus) unicolorunicolor \u2020MEGATOMINAE Leach, 1815Subfamily Anthrenini Gistel, 1848Tribe Anthrenus (Anthrenus) scrophulariaescrophulariae Anthrenus (Florilinus) museorum Megatomini Leach, 1815Tribe Ctesias (Ctesias) serra Globicornis (Hadrotoma) corticalis  {? Globicornis (Hadrotoma) emarginata Megatoma (Megatoma) undataundata Trogodermaglabrum \u2020BOSTRICHIDAE Latreille, 1802Family BOSTRICHINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Bostrichini Latreille, 1802Tribe Bostrichuscapucinus DINODERINAE C.G. Thomson, 1863Subfamily Stephanopachyslinearis PTINIDAE Latreille, 1802Family PTININAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Ptinini Latreille, 1802Tribe Ptinus (Bruchoptinus) rufipes G.-A. Olivier, 1790Ptinus (Cyphoderes) raptor Sturm, 1837Ptinus (Ptinus) fur \u2020Ptinus (Ptinus) villiger ANOBIINAE Fleming, 1821Subfamily Anobiini Fleming, 1821Tribe Anobiumpunctatum  {personal collection of S.K. Alekseev, Kaluga}Cacotemnusrufipes Hadrobregmuspertinax Priobiumcarpini Stegobiumpaniceum \u2020DORCATOMINAE CSubfamily .G. Thomson, 1859Dorcatomini CTribe .G. Thomson, 1859Caenocaraaffine Dorcatoma (Dorcatoma) dresdensis Herbst, 1792Dorcatoma (Dorcatoma) robusta A. Strand, 1938Dorcatoma (Pilosodorcatoma) chrysomelina Sturm, 1837Dorcatoma (Sternitodorcatoma) flavicornis ERNOBIINAE Pic, 1912Subfamily Ernobiini Pic, 1912Tribe Ernobiusexplanatusexplanatus Ernobiuslongicornis PTILININAE Shuckard, 1839Subfamily Ptilinini Shuckard, 1839Tribe Ptilinusfuscus XYLETININAE Gistel, 1848Subfamily Xyletinini Gistel, 1848Tribe Xyletinus (Xyletinus) longitarsislongitarsis Jansson, 1942Xyletinus (Xyletinus) pectinatuspectinatus CUCUJIFORMIA Lameere, 1938Series LYMEXYLOIDEA Fleming, 1821Superfamily LYMEXYLIDAE Fleming, 1821Family HYLECOETINAE Germar, 1818Subfamily Elateroidesdermestoides LYMEXYLINAE Fleming, 1821Subfamily Lymexylonnavale CLEROIDEA Latreille, 1802Superfamily BIPHYLLIDAE LeConte, 1861Family Biphylluslunatus Diplocoelusfagi BYTURIDAE Gistel, 1848Family BYTURINAE Gistel, 1848Subfamily Byturusochraceus Byturustomentosus TROGOSSITIDAE Latreille, 1802Family PELTINAE Kirby, 1837Subfamily Lophocaterini Crowson, 1964Tribe Grynocharisoblonga Peltini Kirby, 1837Tribe Peltisferruginea Peltisgrossa Thymalini L\u00e9veill\u00e9, 1888Tribe Thymalusoblongus Reitter, 1889CLERIDAE Latreille, 1802Family TILLINAE Fischer von Waldheim, 1813Subfamily Tilluselongatus CLERINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Allonyxquadrimaculatus  {ZIN}Thanasimusfemoralis Thanasimusformicariusformicarius Trichodesapiarius KORYNETINAE Laporte, 1838Subfamily Necrobiaviolacea \u2020MELYRIDAE Leach, 1815Family RHADALINAE LeConte, 1861Subfamily Aplocnemus (Aplocnemus) nigricornisnigricornis DASYTINAE Laporte, 1840Subfamily Dasytini Laporte, 1840Tribe Dasytes (Dasytes) niger Dasytes (Metadasytes) fusculus Dolichosomalineare MALACHIINAE Fleming, 1821Subfamily Malachiini Fleming, 1821Tribe Anthocomus (Anthocomus) fasciatus Anthocomus (Anthocomus) rufusrufus Anthocomus (Celidus) equestris Apalochrusfemoralis Erichson, 1840Charopusflavipes Clanoptilus (Clanoptilus) geniculatus Cordylepherusviridis Ebaeus (Ebaeus) pediculariuspedicularius Malachius  aeneus Malachius  bipustulatus Nepachyscardiacae CUCUJOIDEA Latreille, 1802Superfamily SPHINDIDAE Jacquelin du Val, 1860Family SPHINDINAE Jacquelin du Val, 1860Subfamily Sphindusdubius ASPIDIPHORINAE Kiesenwetter, 1877Subfamily Aspidiphorusorbiculatus EROTYLIDAE Latreille, 1802Family EROTYLINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Dacnini Gistel, 1848Tribe Combocerusglaber *Dacne (Dacne) bipustulata Tritomini Curtis, 1834Tribe Triplaxaenea Triplaxcollaris Triplaxlepida *Triplaxrufipes Triplaxrussica Triplaxscutellaris Charpentier, 1825Tritoma (Tritoma) bipustulata Fabricius, 1775Tritoma (Tritoma) subbasalis MONOTOMIDAE Laporte, 1840Family RHIZOPHAGINAE L. Redtenbacher, 1845Subfamily Rhizophagus (Anomophagus) cribratus Rhizophagus (Eurhizophagus) depressus Rhizophagus (Rhizophagus) bipustulatus Rhizophagus (Rhizophagus) dispar Rhizophagus (Rhizophagus) fenestralis Rhizophagus (Rhizophagus) ferrugineus Rhizophagus (Rhizophagus) nitidulus Rhizophagus (Rhizophagus) parallelocollis Rhizophagus (Rhizophagus) perforatus Erichson, 1845Rhizophagus (Rhizophagus) picipes MONOTOMINAE Laporte, 1840Subfamily Monotomapicipes Herbst, 1793KATERETIDAE Kirby, 1837Family Brachypteroluslinariae Brachypteroluspulicarius Brachypterusfulvipes Erichson, 1843Brachypterusurticae Heterhelusscutellaris Kateretespedicularius Kateretespusillus NITIDULIDAE Latreille, 1802Family EPURAEINAE Kirejtshuk, 1986Subfamily Epuraeini Kirejtshuk, 1986Tribe Epuraea (Epuraea) aestiva Epuraea (Epuraea) longula Erichson, 1845 {personal collection of S.K. Alekseev, Kaluga}Epuraea (Epuraea) marseuli Reitter, 1873Epuraea (Epuraea) pallescens  {personal collection of S.K. Alekseev, Kaluga}Epuraea (Epuraea) variegata Epuraea (Epuraeanella) neglecta  {personal collection of S.K. Alekseev, Kaluga}CARPOPHILINAE Erichson, 1842Subfamily Carpophilus (Carpophilus) hemipterus *\u2020CRYPTARCHINAE C.G. Thomson, 1859Subfamily Cryptarchini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Cryptarchastrigata Cryptarchaundata Glischrochilus (Glischrochilus) quadripunctatus Glischrochilus (Librodor) grandis Glischrochilus (Librodor) hortensis Glischrochilus (Librodor) quadriguttatus *Glischrochilus (Librodor) quadrisignatus *\u2020 {ZIN}Pityophagusferrugineus NITIDULINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Cychramini Gistel, 1848Tribe Cychramusluteus Cychramusvariegatus Cyllodini Everts, 1898Tribe Cyllodesater Nitidulini Latreille, 1802Tribe Amphotismarginata Ipidia (Hemipidia) sexguttata  {ZIN}Ipidia (Ipidia) binotata Reitter, 1875Nitidulabipunctata Nitidulacarnaria Nitidularufipes Omositacolon Omositadepressa Omositadiscoidea \u2020Omositajaponica Reitter, 1874\u2020 {ZIN}Pocadiusferrugineus Soroniagrisea Soroniapunctatissima *MELIGETHINAE C.G. Thomson, 1859Subfamily Meligethes (Clypeogethes) aeneus Meligethes (Meligethes) flavimanus Stephens, 1830CRYPTOPHAGIDAE Kirby, 1826Family CRYPTOPHAGINAE Kirby, 1826Subfamily Caenoscelini Casey, 1900Tribe Caenoscelissubdeplanata C.N.F. Brisout de Barneville, 1882\u2020Cryptophagini Kirby, 1826Tribe Antherophaguspallens Antherophagussilaceus Antherophagussimilis Curtis, 1835Cryptophagusfallax J. Balfour-Browne, 1953\u2020Cryptophaguspilosus Gyllenhal, 1827Cryptophagushexagonalis Tournier, 1872Henoticusserratus Pteryngiumcrenatum *Telmatophiluscaricis Telmatophilustyphae ATOMARIINAE LeConte, 1861Subfamily Atomariini LeConte, 1861Tribe Atomaria (Anchicera) fuscata Cureliusexiguus Ephistemusglobulus SILVANIDAE Kirby, 1837Family BRONTINAE Blanchard, 1845Subfamily Brontini Blanchard, 1845Tribe Dendrophaguscrenatus Uleiotaplanatus Telephanini LeConte, 1861Tribe Psammoecusbipunctatus SILVANINAE Kirby, 1837Family Silvanoprusfagi Silvanusbidentatus Silvanusunidentatus CUCUJIDAE Latreille, 1802Family Cucujuscinnaberinus Cucujushaematodes Pediacusdepressus Pediacusfuscus Erichson, 1845 {? PHALACRIDAE Leach, 1815Family PHALACRINAE Leach, 1815Subfamily Olibrusbimaculatus K\u00fcster, 1848Phalacruscaricis Sturm, 1807Phalacruscorruscus Phalacrussubstriatus Gyllenhal, 1813LAEMOPHLOEIDAE Ganglbauer, 1899Family LAEMOPHLOEINAE Ganglbauer, 1899Subfamily Cryptolestescorticinus  {personal collection of S.K. Alekseev, Kaluga}Laemophloeusmonilis *Laemophloeusmuticus Lathropussepicola Leptophloeusalternans Placonotustestaceus COCCINELLOIDEA Latreille, 1807Superfamily BOTHRIDERIDAE Erichson, 1845Family Bothrideresbipunctatus CERYLONIDAE Billberg, 1820Family CERYLONINAE Billberg, 1820Subamily Cerylondeplanatum Gyllenhal, 1827Cerylonfagi C.N.F. Brisout de Barneville, 1867Cerylonferrugineum Stephens, 1830Cerylonhisteroides Cerylonimpressum Erichson, 1845LATRIDIIDAE Erichson, 1842Family LATRIDIINAE Erichson, 1842Subfamily Latridiini Erichson, 1842Tribe Cartodere (Cartodere) constricta Enicmusbrevicornis Enicmushistrio Joy & Tomlin, 1910Enicmusrugosus Enicmustestaceus Enicmustransversus Latridiusbrevicollis Latridiusconsimilis Latridiushirtus Gyllenhal, 1827Latridiusminutus \u2020Latridiusporcatus Herbst, 1793Stephostethusangusticollis Stephostethuslardarius Stephostethuspandellei Thesbergrothi CORTICARIINAE Curtis, 1829Subfamily Corticariaferruginea Marsham, 1802\u2020Corticarinaminuta Corticarinatruncatella Cortinicaragibbosa Melanophthalma  transversalis CORYLOPHIDAE LeConte, 1852Family CORYLOPHINAE LeConte, 1852Subfamily Corylophini LeConte, 1852Tribe Corylophuscassidoides Parmulini Poey, 1854Tribe Arthrolipsconvexiuscula Clypastraeapusilla Sericoderini Matthews, 1886Tribe Sericoderuslateralis ANAMORPHIDAE Strohecker, 1953Family Clemmustroglodytes Hampe, 1850 {collection of Museum & Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland}ENDOMYCHIDAE Leach, 1815Family ENDOMYCHINAE Leach, 1815Subfamily Endomychuscoccineus LEIESTINAE C.G. Thomson, 1863Subfamily Leiestesseminiger LYCOPERDININAE Bromhead, 1838Subfamily Dapsahorvathi Lycoperdinasuccincta  {personal collection of S.K. Alekseev, Kaluga}Mycetinacruciata COCCINELLIDAE Latreille, 1807Family COCCIDULINAE Mulsant, 1846Subfamily Coccidulini Mulsant, 1846Tribe Coccidularufa SCYMNINAE Mulsant, 1846Subfamily Hyperaspidini Mulsant, 1846Tribe Hyperaspis (Hyperaspis) concolor Hyperaspis (Hyperaspis) reppensis Scymnini Mulsant, 1846Tribe Nephus (Bipunctatus) bipunctatus Nephus (Nephus) redtenbacheri Scymnus (Neopullus) haemorrhoidalis Herbst, 1797Scymnus (Pullus) ferrugatus Scymnus (Pullus) suturalis Thunberg, 1795Scymnus (Scymnus) frontalis Scymnus (Scymnus) nigrinus Kugelann, 1794Stethorini Dobzhansky, 1924Tribe Stethorus (Stethorus) pusillus *CHILOCORINAE Mulsant, 1846Subfamily Chilocorini Mulsant, 1846Tribe Chilocorusbipustulatus Chilocorusrenipustulatus Exochomusquadripustulatus Platynaspini Mulsant, 1846Tribe Platynaspisluteorubra COCCINELLINAE Latreille, 1807Subfamily Halyziini Mulsant, 1846Tribe Halyziasedecimguttata Psyllobora (Thea) vigintiduopunctata Vibidiaduodecimguttata Tytthaspidini Crotch, 1874Tribe Anisostictanovemdecimpunctata Coccinulaquatuordecimpustulata Tytthaspisgebleri Tytthaspissedecimpunctata Coccinellini Latreille, 1807Tribe Adalia  bipunctata Adalia  decempunctata Anatisocellata Calviadecemguttata  {ZIN}Calviaquatuordecimguttata Calviaquindecimguttata Ceratomegilla (Ceratomegilla) notata Coccinella (Coccinella) hieroglyphicahieroglyphica Linnaeus, 1758Coccinella (Coccinella) magnifica L. Redtenbacher, 1843Coccinella (Coccinella) quinquepunctata Linnaeus, 1758Coccinella (Coccinella) septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758Harmoniaaxyridis \u2020Harmoniaquadripunctata Hippodamia (Hemisphaerica) tredecimpunctata Hippodamia (Hippodamia) variegata Myrrha (Myrrha) octodecimguttata Mysiaoblongoguttataoblongoguttata Oenopiaconglobataconglobata Propyleaquatuordecimpunctata Sospitavigintiguttata EPILACHNINAE Mulsant, 1846Subfamily Epilachnini Mulsant, 1846Tribe Subcoccinellavigintiquatuorpunctata TENEBRIONOIDEA Latreille, 1802Superfamily MYCETOPHAGIDAE Leach, 1815Family MYCETOPHAGINAE Leach, 1815Subfamily Mycetophagini Leach, 1815Tribe Litargus (Litargus) connexus Mycetophagus (Arnoldiellus) tschitscherini Mycetophagus (Ilendus) multipunctatus Fabricius, 1792Mycetophagus (Mycetophagus) ater Mycetophagus (Mycetophagus) quadripustulatus Mycetophagus (Mycetoxides) fulvicollis Fabricius, 1792Mycetophagus (Philomyces) populi Fabricius, 1798Mycetophagus (Ulolendus) atomarius Mycetophagus (Ulolendus) piceus Triphyllusbicolor Typhaeini C.G. Thomson, 1863Tribe Typhaeastercorea \u2020CIIDAE Leach, 1819Family CIINAE Leach, 1819Subfamily Cisbidentatus Cisboleti Ciscastaneus Cisjacquemartii Melli\u00e9, 1848Cismicans Ennearthroncornutum Hadrauleelongatula Octotemnusglabriculus Orthocisalni Orthocislucasi Sulcacisnitidus TETRATOMIDAE Billberg, 1820Family TETRATOMINAE Billberg, 1820Subfamily Tetratoma (Abstrulia) ancora Fabricius, 1790* {ZIN}HALLOMENINAE Gistel, 1848Subfamily Hallomenus  axillaris Hallomenus  binotatus MELANDRYIDAE Leach, 1815Family MELANDRYINAE Leach, 1815Subfamily Dircaeini Kirby, 1837Tribe Abdera (Caridua) affinis Abdera (Caridua) flexuosa Dircaeaquadriguttata Phloiotrya (Phloiotrya) subtilis Wanachiatriguttata Hypulini Gistel, 1848Tribe Hypulusquercinus Melandryini Leach, 1815Tribe Melandrya (Melandrya) barbata  {ZIN}Melandrya (Paramelandrya) dubia Phryganophilus (Phryganophilus) pseudauritus Nikitsky, 1988* {ZIN}Phryganophilus (Phryganophilus) ruficollis Orchesiini Mulsant, 1856Tribe Orchesia (Clinocara) fasciata Orchesia (Orchesia) micans Serropalpini Latreille, 1829Tribe Serropalpusbarbatus Xylitini C.G. Thomson, 1864Tribe Xylitalaevigata Zilorini Desbrochers des Loges, 1900Tribe Ziloraelongata J.R. Sahlberg, 1881OSPHYINAE Mulsant, 1856 (1839)Subfamily Osphyabipunctata RIPIPHORIDAE Laporte, 1840Family PELECOTOMINAE Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1857Subfamily Pelecotomafennica RIPIPHORINAE Laporte, 1840Subfamily Ripihorini Laporte, 1840Tribe Metoecusparadoxus ZOPHERIDAE Solier, 1834Family COLYDIINAE Billberg, 1820Subfamily Colydiini Billberg, 1820Tribe Auloniumtrisulcum Colydiumfiliforme Fabricius, 1792Synchitini L. Redtenbacher, 1845Tribe Bitomacrenata Synchitahumeralis MORDELLIDAE Latreille, 1802Family MORDELLINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Curtimordini Odnosum, 2010Tribe Curtimordamaculosa Mordellini Latreille, 1802Tribe Hoshihananomiaperlata Mordellaaculeata Linnaeus, 1758Mordellabrachyurabrachyura Mulsant, 1856Mordellaholomelaenaholomelaena Apfelbeck, 1914Mordellaviridescens A. Costa, 1854Mordellariaaurofasciata Tomoxiabucephalabucephala A. Costa, 1854Variimorda (Variimorda) briantea Variimorda (Variimorda) mendax M\u00e9quignon, 1946Variimorda (Variimorda) villosa Mordellistenini Ermisch, 1941Tribe Mordellistena (Mordellistena) hirtipes Schilsky, 1895Mordellistena (Mordellistena) humeralis Mordellistena (Mordellistena) micans Mordellistena (Mordellistena) parvicauda Ermisch, 1967Mordellistena (Mordellistena) pentas Mulsant, 1856Mordellistena (Mordellistena) pumila Mordellistena (Mordellistena) rugipennis Schilsky, 1895Mordellistena (Mordellistena) secreta Hor\u00e1k, 1983Mordellistena (Mordellistena) stenidea Mulsant, 1856Mordellistena (Mordellistena) thuringiaca Ermisch, 1963Mordellistena (Mordellistena) variegata Mordellochroini Odnosum, 2010Tribe Mordellochroaabdominalis TENEBRIONIDAE Latreille, 1802Family LAGRIINAE Latreille, 1825 (1820)Subfamily Lagriini Latreille, 1825 (1820)Tribe Lagriina Latreille, 1825 (1820)Subtribe Lagria (Lagria) hirta Lagria (Lagria) laticollis Motschulsky, 1860TENEBRIONINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Alphitobiini Reitter, 1917Tribe Diaclinafagi  {ZIN}Bolitophagini Kirby, 1837Tribe Bolitophagina Kirby, 1837Subtribe Bolitophagusreticulatus Eledonaagricola Melanimonini Seidlitz, 1894 (1854)Tribe Melanimontibialistibialis Opatrini Brull\u00e9, 1832Tribe Opatrina Brull\u00e9, 1832Subtribe Opatrum (Opatrum) riparium W. Scriba, 1865Opatrum (Opatrum) sabulosumsabulosum Palorini Matthews, 2003Tribe Palorusdepressus Pedinini Eschscholtz, 1829Tribe Pedinina Eschscholtz, 1829Subtribe Pedinus (Pedinus) femoralisfemoralis Tenebrionini Latreille, 1802Tribe Biusthoracicus Neatuspicipes Tenebriomolitor Linnaeus, 1758\u2020Triboliini Gistel, 1848Tribe Triboliumconfusum Jacquelin du Val, 1861\u2020Triboliumdestructor Uyttenboogaart, 1933\u2020Ulomini Blanchard, 1845Tribe Uloma (Uloma) culinaris Uloma (Uloma) rufa DIAPERINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Crypticini Brull\u00e9, 1832Tribe Crypticus (Crypticus) quisquiliusquisquilius Diaperini Latreille, 1802Tribe Diaperisboletiboleti Neomidahaemorrhoidalis Platydemadejeanii Laporte & Brull\u00e9, 1831Hypophlaeini Billberg, 1820Tribe Corticeus (Corticeus) bicolor Corticeus (Corticeus) fasciatus Corticeus (Corticeus) fraxini Corticeus (Corticeus) linearis Corticeus (Corticeus) longulus Corticeus (Corticeus) pini Corticeus (Corticeus) suturalis Corticeus (Corticeus) unicolor Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783Scaphidemini Reitter, 1922Tribe Scaphidemametallicametallica ALLECULINAE Laporte, 1840Subfamily Alleculini Laporte, 1840Tribe Alleculina Laporte, 1840Subtribe Hymenorusdoublieri Mulsant, 1852Gonoderina Seidlitz, 1896Subtribe Isomira (Isomira) murinamurina Pseudocistelaceramboides Mycetocharina Gistel, 1848Subtribe Mycetochara (Mycetochara) axillaris Mycetochara (Mycetochara) flavipes Cteniopodini Solier, 1835Tribe Cteniopus (Cteniopus) sulphureus ? C.flavus  {OEDEMERIDAE Latreille, 1810Family CALOPODINAE Costa, 1852Subfamily Calopusserraticornis OEDEMERINAE Latreille, 1810Subfamily Ditylini Mulsant, 1858Tribe Chrysanthiageniculatageniculata W.L.E. Schmidt, 1846Chrysanthiaviridissima Dityluslaevislaevis Oedemerini Latreille, 1810Tribe Oedemera (Oedemera) femorata Oedemera (Oedemera) luridalurida Oedemera (Oedemera) virescensvirescens MELOIDAE Gyllenhal, 1810Family MELOINAE Gyllenhal, 1810Subfamily Cerocomini Leach, 1815Tribe Cerocoma (Cerocoma) schaefferi Lyttini Streubel, 1846Tribe Alosimussyriacusaustriacus Lytta (Lytta) vesicatoriavesicatoria Mylabrini Rafinesque, 1815Tribe Hycleuspolymorphuspolymorphus  {? Mylabris (Eumylabris) fabricii Sumakov, 1924 {? Mylabris (Micrabris) sibirica Fischer von Waldheim, 1823Meloini Gyllenhal, 1810Tribe Meloe (Eurymeloe) brevicollisbrevicollis Panzer, 1793Meloe (Lampromeloe) variegatusvariegatus Donovan, 1793Meloe (Meloe) proscarabaeusproscarabaeus Linnaeus, 1758Meloe (Meloe) violaceus Marsham, 1802BORIDAE C.G. Thomson, 1859Family BORINAE C.G. Thomson, 1859Subfamily Borosschneideri PYTHIDAE Solier, 1834Family Pythodepressus PYROCHROIDAE Latreille, 1806Family PYROCHROINAE Latreille, 1806Subfamily Pyrochroacoccinea Schizotuspectinicornis SALPINGIDAE Leach, 1815Family SALPINGINAE Leach, 1815Subfamily Lissodemacursor Rabocerusfoveolatus Salpingusplanirostris Salpingusruficollis Sphaeriestesbimaculatus ANTHICIDAE Latreille, 1819Family ANTHICINAE Latreille, 1819Subfamily Anthicini Latreille, 1819Tribe Anthicusantherinusantherinus Anthicusater Hirticomushispidus Omonadusfloralis \u2020NOTOXINAE Stephens, 1829Subfamily Notoxusmonoceros ADERIDAE Csiki, 1909Family Aderini Csiki, 1909Tribe Aderuspopulneus Anidorusnigrinus Euglenesini Seidlitz, 1875Tribe Euglenespygmaeus Phytobaenini B\u00e1guena Corella, 1948Tribe Phytobaenusamabilisamabilis R.F. Sahlberg, 1834SCRAPTIIDAE Gistel, 1848Family SCRAPTIINAE Gistel, 1848Subfamily Scraptiini Gistel, 1848Tribe Scraptiafuscula P.W.J. M\u00fcller, 1821ANASPIDINAE Mulsant, 1856Subfamily Anaspidini Mulsant, 1856Tribe Anaspis (Anaspis) frontalis Anaspis (Anaspis) thoracica Anaspis (Nassipa) rufilabris Cyrtanaspisphalerata CHRYSOMELOIDEA Latreille, 1802Superfamily CERAMBYCIDAE Latreille, 1802Family PRIONINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Prionini Latreille, 1802Tribe Prionuscoriarius LEPTURINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Lepturini Latreille, 1802Tribe Alosternaingrica Alosternatabacicolortabacicolor Anastrangaliareyi Anastrangaliasanguinolenta Anoplodera (Anoplodera) sexguttata Etorofus (Etorofus) pubescens Judoliasexmaculata Leptura (Leptura) annularisannularis Fabricius, 1801Leptura (Leptura) aurulenta Fabricius, 1793 {ZIN}Leptura (Leptura) quadrifasciataquadrifasciata Linnaeus, 1758Leptura (Macroleptura) thoracica Creutzer, 1799Lepturalianigripesnigripes Lepturoboscavirens Nivelliasanguinosa Oedecnemagebleri Pseudovadonialividabicarinata Rutpelamaculatamaculata Stenurella (Priscostenurella) bifasciatabifasciata Stenurella (Stenurella) melanuramelanura Stictoleptura (Aredolpona) rubrarubra Stictoleptura (Maculileptura) maculicornis Stictoleptura (Variileptura) variicornis Strangaliaattenuata Oxymirini Danilevsky, 1997Tribe Oxymiruscursor Rhagiini Kirby, 1837Tribe Brachyta (Brachyta) interrogationisrussica Cariliavirgineavirginea Cortoderafemorata Dinopteracollaris Euracmaeopsangusticollis Euracmaeopsmarginatus Euracmaeopsseptentrionis Evodinellus (Evodinellus) borealis Gnathacmaeopspratensis Pachytaquadrimaculata Rhagium (Megarhagium) mordax Rhagium (Megarhagium) sycophanta Rhagium (Rhagium) inquisitorinquisitor Stenocorus (Stenocorus) meridianus Rhamnusiini Sama, 2009Tribe Rhamnusiumbicolorconstans Danilevsky, 2012NECYDALINAE Latreille, 1825Subfamily Necydalis  major Linnaeus, 1758SPONDYLIDINAE Audinet-Serville, 1832Subfamily Asemini J. Thomson, 1861Tribe Arhopalusrusticusrusticus Asemumstriatum Spondylidini Audinet-Serville, 1832Tribe Spondylisbuprestoides Tetropiini Seidlitz, 1891Tribe Tetropiumcastaneum Tetropiumfuscumfuscum  {personal collection of S.K. Alekseev, Kaluga}CERAMBYCINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Callichromatini Swainson & Shuckard, 1840Tribe Aromiamoschatamoschata Callidiini Kirby, 1837Tribe Callidium  violaceum Callidium  aeneumaeneum Callidium  coriaceum Phymatodes (Phymatoderus) abietinus Plavilstshikov & Lurie, 1960 {ZIN}Semanotusundatus Clytini Mulsant, 1839Tribe Chlorophorus (Immaculatus) herbstii Clytus (Clytus) arietisarietis Cyrtoclytuscapra Plagionotusarcuatusarcuatus Plagionotusdetritusdetritus Rhaphumagracilipes Xylotrechus (Rusticoclytus) rusticus Xylotrechus (Xylotrechus) antilopeantilope Xylotrechus (Xylotrechus) capricornus Deilini Fairmaire, 1864Tribe Deilusfugax Hesperophanini Mulsant, 1839Tribe Hesperophanina Mulsant, 1839Subtribe Trichoferuscampestris \u2020Molorchini Gistel, 1848Tribe Molorchus (Caenoptera) minorminor Molorchus (Molorchus) marmottanimarmottani Brisout de Barneville, 1863Obriini Mulsant, 1839Tribe Obriumcantharinumcantharinum Purpuricenini J. Thomson, 1861Tribe Purpuricenusglobulicollisglobulicollis Dejean, 1839 {ZIN}Purpuricenuskaehlerikaehleri LAMIINAE Latreille, 1825Subfamily Acanthocinini Blanchard, 1845Tribe Acanthocinus (Acanthocinus) aedilis Acanthocinus (Acanthocinus) griseus Leiopus (Leiopus) linnei Wallin, Nylander & Kvamme, 2009Acanthoderini J. Thomson, 1860Tribe Aegomorphusclavipes Aegomorphusobscurior Oplosiacinerea *Agapanthiini Mulsant, 1839Tribe Agapanthia (Agapanthia) cardui Agapanthia (Epoptes) villosoviridescens Agapanthia (Smaragdula) intermedia Ganglbauer, 1884Exocentrini Pascoe, 1864Tribe Exocentruslusitanus Lamiini Latreille, 1825Tribe Lamiatextor Mesosini Mulsant, 1839Tribe Mesosa (Mesosa) myops Monochamini Gistel, 1848Tribe Monochamus (Monochamus) galloprovincialispistor Monochamus (Monochamus) saltuariusoccidentalis Sl\u00e1ma, 2017Monochamus (Monochamus) sutorsutor Monochamus (Monochamus) urussovii Phytoeciini Mulsant, 1839Tribe Oberea (Oberea) oculata Phytoecia (Opsilia) coerulescenscoerulescens Phytoecia (Phytoecia) cylindrica Phytoecia (Phytoecia) nigricornis Phytoecia (Phytoecia) pustulatapustulata Pogonocherini Mulsant, 1839Tribe Pogonocherus (Pogonocherus) hispidulus Pogonocherus (Pityphilus) decoratus Fairmaire, 1855Pogonocherus (Pityphilus) fasciculatusfasciculatus Saperdini Mulsant, 1839Tribe Saperda (Lopezcolonia) perforata Saperda (Lopezcolonia) scalarisscalaris Saperda (Saperda) carcharias Stenostoladubia  {ZIN}Stenostolaferreaferrea Tetropini Portevin, 1927Tribe Tetrops (Tetrops) praeustuspraeustus MEGALOPODIDAE Latreille, 1802Family ZEUGOPHORINAE B\u00f6ving & Craighead, 1931Subfamily Zeugophora (Zeugophora) scutellaris Suffrian, 1840Zeugophora (Zeugophora) subspinosa  {ZIN}ORSODACNIDAE C.G. Thomson, 1859Family ORSODACNINAE C.G. Thomson, 1859Subfamily Orsodacnecerasi CHRYSOMELIDAE Latreille, 1802Family BRUCHINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Amblycerini Bridwell, 1932Tribe Spermophagina Borowiec, 1987Subtribe Spermophagussericeus Bruchini Latreille, 1802Tribe Bruchina Latreille, 1802Subtribe Bruchusatomarius Bruchusloti Paykull 1800DONACIINAE Kirby, 1837Subfamily Donaciini Kirby, 1837Tribe Donaciaantiqua Kunze, 1818Donaciaaquatica Donaciabicolorabicolora Zschach, 1788Donaciacinerea Herbst, 1784Donaciaclavipesclavipes Fabricius, 1792Donaciacrassipes Fabricius, 1775Donaciadentata Hoppe, 1795Donaciaimpressa Paykull, 1799Donaciamarginata Hoppe, 1795Donaciaobscura Gyllenhal, 1813Donaciasemicuprea Panzer, 1796Donaciatomentosa Ahrens, 1810Donaciavulgarisvulgaris Zschach, 1788Plateumarini Boving, 1922Tribe Plateumaris (Euplateumaris) discolordiscolor Plateumaris (Euplateumaris) sericeasericea CRIOCERINAE Latreille, 1804Subfamily Criocerisasparagi  {? Lema (Lema) cyanella Liliocerismerdigera Oulemaerichsonii Oulemagallaeciana Oulemamelanopus CASSIDINAE Gyllenhal, 1813Subfamily Cassidini Gyllenhal, 1813Tribe Cassidadenticollis Suffrian, 1844Cassidaflaveola Thunberg, 1794Cassidalineola Creutzer, 1799Cassidamargaritacea Schaller, 1783Cassidanebulosa Linnaeus, 1758Cassidanobilis Linnaeus, 1758Cassidapannonica Suffrian, 1844Cassidapanzeri J. Weise, 1907Cassidaprasina Illiger, 1798Cassidarubiginosarubiginosa O.F. M\u00fcller, 1776Cassidasanguinolenta O.F. M\u00fcller, 1776Cassidasanguinosa Suffrian, 1844Cassidastigmatica Suffrian, 1844Cassidasubreticulata Suffrian, 1844Cassidavibex Linnaeus, 1767Cassidaviridis Linnaeus, 1758Hypocassidasubferruginea Hispini Gyllenhal, 1813Tribe Hispaatra Linnaeus, 1767CHRYSOMELINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Chrysomelini Latreille, 1802Tribe Chrysomelina Latreille, 1802Subtribe Chrysomelacollaris Linnaeus, 1758Chrysomelapopuli Linnaeus, 1758Chrysomelatremula Fabricius, 1787Chrysomelavigintipunctata Plagioderaversicolora Plagiosternaaenea Gastrophysina Kippenberg, 2010Subtribe Gastrophysa (Gastrophysa) polygonipolygoni Gastrophysa (Gastrophysa) viridulaviridula Subtribe Phratorina Motschulsky, 1860Phratora (Phratora) vulgatissima Phratora (Phyllodecta) atrovirens Phratora (Phyllodecta) laticollis Phratora (Phyllodecta) tibialistibialis Phratora (Phyllodecta) vitellinae Prasocurina Gistel, 1848Subtribe Phaedon (Phaedon) armoraciae Phaedon (Phaedon) cochleariaecochleariae Phaedon (Phaedon) laevigatuslaevigatus Prasocuris (Hydrothassa) glabra Prasocuris (Hydrothassa) hannoveriana Prasocuris (Hydrothassa) marginellamarginella Prasocuris (Prasocuris) junci Prasocuris (Prasocuris) phellandrii Doryphorini Motschulsky, 1860Tribe Chrysolinina S.-H. Chen, 1936Subtribe Chrysolina (Anopachys) eurina \u2020 {ZIN}Chrysolina  analis Chrysolina  besseri Chrysolina  marginatamarginata Chrysolina (Chrysolina) staphylaeastaphylaea Chrysolina (Colaphodes) haemoptera Chrysolina (Colaphosoma) sturmisturmi Chrysolina (Erythrochrysa) politapolita Chrysolina (Euchrysolina) graminisgraminis Chrysolina (Fastuolina) fastuosafastuosa Chrysolina (Hypericia) geminata Chrysolina (Hypericia) hyperici Chrysolina (Sphaeromela) varians Chrysolina (Stichoptera) gypsophilae Chrysolina (Stichoptera) sanguinolenta Chrysolina (Synerga) herbacea Chrysolina (Zeugotaenia) limbatarussiella Bie\u0144kowski & Orlova-Bienkowskaja, 2011Allorina) caeruleaOreina  {? Doryphorina Motschulsky, 1860Subtribe Leptinotarsadecemlineata \u2020Entomoscelissuturalis J. Weise, 1882Gonioctenini Motschulsky, 1860Tribe Gonioctena (Gonioctena) decemnotata Gonioctena (Gonioctena) linnaeanalinnaeana Gonioctena (Gonioctena) viminalisviminalis Gonioctena (Goniomena) pallida Gonioctena (Goniomena) quinquepunctataquinquepunctata GALERUCINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Galerucini Latreille, 1802Tribe Galeruca  jucunda Galeruca  tanacetitanaceti Galerucella  grisescens Galerucella  nymphaeae Galerucella  calmariensis Galerucella  lineolalineola Galerucella  pusilla Galerucella  tenella Lochmaeacaprea Lochmaeasuturalis Pyrrhaltaviburni Hylaspini Chapuis, 1875Tribe Agelasticaalni Luperini Gistel, 1848Tribe Luperina Gistel, 1848Subtribe Calomicruspinicola Luperusluperus  {ZIN}Phyllobroticaquadrimaculata ALTICINAE Newman, 1834Subfamily Alticini Newman, 1834Tribe Alticapalustris Alticaquercetorumsaliceti J. Weise, 1888Alticatamaricistamaricis Schrank, 1785Aphthonaczwalinae J. Weise, 1888 {? Aphthonalutescens Aphthonanonstriata Aphthonapallida Argopusnigritarsis Batophilarubi Chaetocnema (Chaetocnema) aerosa Chaetocnema (Chaetocnema) arida Foudras, 1860Chaetocnema (Chaetocnema) aridula Chaetocnema (Chaetocnema) compressa Chaetocnema (Chaetocnema) hortensis Chaetocnema (Chaetocnema) mannerheimii Chaetocnema (Tlanoma) concinna Chaetocnema (Tlanoma) semicoeruleasemicoerulea Crepidoderaaurata Crepidoderafulvicornis Crepidoderanitidula Crepidoderaplutus Derocrepisrufipes Epitrixpubescens Hippuriphilamodeeri Longitarsus (Longitarsus) atricillus Longitarsus (Longitarsus) brunneus Longitarsus (Longitarsus) ganglbaueriganglbaueri Heikertinger, 1912Longitarsus (Longitarsus) holsaticus Longitarsus (Longitarsus) jacobaeae Longitarsus (Longitarsus) longiseta J. Weise, 1889Longitarsus (Longitarsus) nigrofasciatusnigrofasciatus Longitarsus (Longitarsus) succineus Longitarsus (Longitarsus) suturellus Longitarsus (Longitarsus) tabidustabidus Longitarsus (Testergus) anchusae Lythrariasalicariae Mantura (Mantura) chrysanthemichrysanthemi Neocrepidoderaferruginea Neocrepidoderatransversa Phyllotretaatra Phyllotretaflexuosa Phyllotretanemorum Phyllotretanigripesnigripes Phyllotretaochripes Phyllotretastriolata Phyllotretatetrastigma Phyllotretaundulata Kutschera, 1860Phyllotretavittula Psylliodes (Psylliodes) affinis Psylliodes (Psylliodes) chalcomera Psylliodes (Psylliodes) dulcamarae Psylliodes (Psylliodes) napi Psylliodes (Psylliodes) picina CRYPTOCEPHALINAE Gyllenhal, 1813Subfamily Clytrini Kirby, 1837Tribe Clytrina Kirby, 1837Subtribe Clytra (Clytra) quadripunctataquadripunctata Coptocephalaunifasciataunifasciata Labidostomis (Labidostomis) lepida Lefevre, 1872Labidostomis (Labidostomis) longimana Labidostomis (Labidostomis) tridentata Smaragdinaaffinisaffinis Smaragdinaflavicollis Cryptocephalini Gyllenhal, 1813Tribe Cryptocephalina Gyllenhal, 1813Subtribe Cryptocephalus (Burlinius) exiguusexiguus D.N. Schneider, 1792Cryptocephalus (Burlinius) fulvusfulvus Cryptocephalus (Burlinius) labiatus Cryptocephalus (Burlinius) pusillus Fabricius, 1777Cryptocephalus  anticus Suffrian, 1848Cryptocephalus  aureolus Suffrian, 1847Cryptocephalus  bipunctatusbipunctatus Cryptocephalus  biguttatus Cryptocephalus  cordiger Cryptocephalus  decemmaculatus Cryptocephalus  flavipes Fabricius, 1781Cryptocephalus  solivagus Leonardi & Sassi, 2001Cryptocephalus  laetus Fabricius, 1792Cryptocephalus  moraei Cryptocephalus  nitidus Cryptocephalus  octopunctatusoctopunctatus Cryptocephalus  parvulus O.F. M\u00fcller, 1776Cryptocephalus  sericeus Cryptocephalus  sexpunctatussexpunctatus Cryptocephalus (Disopus) pini Cryptocephalus (Heterichnus) coryli Pachybrachina Chapius, 1784Subtribe Pachybrachis (Pachybrachis) hieroglyphicus EUMOLPINAE Hope, 1840Subfamily Bromiini Baly, 1865 (1863)Tribe Bromiusobscurus Pachnephorus (Pachnephorus) tessellatus SYNETINAE LeConte & Horn, 1883Subfamily Synetabetulaebetulae * {ZIN}CURCULIONOIDEA Latreille, 1802Superfamily NEMONYCHIDAE Bedel, 1882Family CIMBERIDINAE Gozis, 1882Subfamily Cimberidini Gozis, 1882Tribe Cimberisattelaboides ANTHRIBIDAE Billberg, 1820Family ANTHRIBINAE Billberg, 1820Subfamily Anthribini Billberg, 1820Tribe Anthribusnebulosus Forster, 1770Platyrhinini Imhoff, 1856Tribe Platyrhinusresinosus Platystomini Pierce, 1916Tribe Platystomosalbinus Tropiderini Lacordaire, 1865Tribe Gonotropisdorsalis Tropideresalbirostris Zygaenodini Lacordaire, 1865Tribe Dissoleucasniveirostris Rhaphitropismarchica CHORAGINAE Kirby, 1819Subfamily Choragini Kirby, 1819Tribe Choragussheppardi Kirby, 1819ATTELABIDAE Billberg, 1820Family ATTELABINAE Billberg, 1820Subfamily Apoderini Jekel, 1860Tribe Apoderina Jekel, 1860Subtribe Apoderuscoryli Compsapoderus (Compsapoderus) erythropterus Attelabini Billberg, 1820Tribe Attelabusnitens RHYNCHITINAE Gistel, 1848Subfamily Auletini Desbrochers des Loges, 1908Tribe Pseudomesauletina Legalov, 2003Subtribe Mesauletobiuspubescens \u2020 {ZIN}Byctiscini Voss, 1923Tribe Byctiscina Voss, 1923Subtribe Byctiscusbetulae Byctiscuspopuli Deporaini Voss, 1929Tribe Deporaina Voss, 1929Subtribe Deporaus (Deporaus) betulae Rhynchitini Gistel, 1848Tribe Involvulus (Involvulus) cupreus Mecorhis (Pseudomechoris) aethiops Neocoenorrhinus (Neocoenorrhinus) germanicus Rhynchites (Epirhynchites) auratus Tatianaerhynchitesaequatus Temnoceruscoeruleus Temnocerusnanus BRENTIDAE Billberg, 1820Family APIONINAE Schoenherr, 1823Subfamily Apionini Schoenherr, 1823Tribe Apionina Schoenherr, 1823Subribe Apioncruentatum Walton, 1844Apionfrumentarium Apionhaematodeshaematodes Kirby, 1808Apionrubiginosum Grill, 1893Aplemonina Kissinger, 1968Subtribe Perapion (Perapion) connexum Perapion (Perapion) curtirostre Perapion (Perapion) marchicum Perapion (Perapion) oblongum Perapion (Perapion) violaceumviolaceum Pseudoperapionbrevirostre Pseudostenapionsimum Aspidapiina Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990Subtribe Aspidapion (Aspidapion) radiolus Aspidapion (Aspidapion) validum \u2020Aspidapion (Koestlinia) aeneum Catapiina Alonso-Zarazaga,1990Subtribe Catapionseniculus Ceratapiina Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990Subtribe Ceratapion (Acanephodus) onopordionopordi Ceratapion (Ceratapion) gibbirostre Ceratapion (Echinostroma) penetranspenetrans  {ZIN}Diplapiondetritum Omphalapionhookerorum Taphrotopium (Taphrotopium) sulcifrons Exapiina Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990Subtribe Exapioncorniculatum Kalcapiina Alonso-Zarazaga, 1990Subtribe Kalcapionpallipes Melanapion (Melanapion) minimum Squamapionflavimanum  {ZIN}Squamapionvicinum Taeniapionurticariumurticarium Oxystomatina Alonso-Zarazaga,1990Subtribe Cyanapion (Bothryorrhynchapion) gyllenhalii Eutrichapion (Eutrichapion) ervi Eutrichapion (Eutrichapion) viciae Eutrichapion  facetum Eutrichapion  punctiger Ischnopterapion (Chlorapion) virens Ischnopterapion (Ischnopterapion) loti  {ZIN}Oxystomacerdo Oxystomacraccae Oxystomasubulatum Synapion (Synapion) ebeninum Piezotrachelina Voss, 1959Subtribe Protapionapricans Protapionassimileassimile Protapionfilirostre Protapionfulvipesfulvipes Protapioninterjectuminterjectum Protapiontrifolii Protapionvaripes Trichapiina Alonso-Zarazaga,1990Subtribe Betulapionsimilesimile NANOPHYINAE Gistel, 1848Subfamily Nanophyini Gistel, 1856Tribe Nanomimuscircumscriptus  {ZIN}Nanomimushemisphaericus Nanophyesbrevisbrevis Boheman, 1845Nanophyesglobiformis Kiesenwetter, 1864Nanophyesglobulus Nanophyesmarmoratusmarmoratus CURCULIONIDAE Latreille, 1802Family BAGOINAE C.G. Thomson, 1859Subfamily Bagous (Bagous) binodulus Bagous (Bagous) glabrirostris Bagous (Bagous) puncticollis Boheman, 1845Bagous (Bagous) subcarinatus Gyllenhal, 1836Bagous (Macropelmus) nodulosus Gyllenhal, 1836Bagous (Macropelmus) tempestivus *BRACHYCERINAE Billberg, 1820Subfamily Erirhinini Schoenherr, 1825Tribe Erirhinina Schoenherr, 1825Subtribe Grypusequiseti Notarisacridulus Notarisaethiops Notarisscirpi Thryogenesfestucae Thryogenesnereis Tanysphyrini Gistel, 1848Tribe Tanysphyruslemnae CONODERINAE Schoenherr, 1833Subfamily Bariditae Schoenherr, 1836Supertribe Apostasimerini Schoenherr, 1844Tribe Zygobaridina Pierce, 1907Subtribe Limnobarisdolorosa Limnobarist-album Baridini Schoenherr, 1836Tribe Baridini Schoenherr, 1836Subtribe Barisartemisiae Ceutorhynchitae Gistel, 1848Supertribe Amalini Wagner, 19Tribe 36Amalusscortillum Ceutorhynchini Gistel, 1856Tribe Calosirusapicalis  {ZIN}Ceutorhynchuscontractus Ceutorhynchuserysimi Ceutorhynchusgallorhenanus F. Solari, 1949Ceutorhynchusgriseus C.N.F. Brisout de Barneville, 1869Ceutorhynchushampei C.N.F. Brisout de Barneville, 1869Ceutorhynchusignitus Germar, 1823Ceutorhynchuspseudoarator Korotyaev, 1989 {ZIN}Ceutorhynchuspulvinatus Gyllenhal, 1837Ceutorhynchusrapae Gyllenhal, 1837Ceutorhynchusroberti Gyllenhal, 1837Ceutorhynchussyrites Germar, 1823Ceutorhynchustyphae Coeliasteslamii  {ZIN}Coeliodesrana Coeliodinusrubicundus Datonychusarquata Datonychusurticae Glocianusdistinctus Glocianuspunctiger Micrelusericae  {ZIN}Microplontuscampestris  {ZIN}Microplontusmillefolii  {ZIN}Microplontustriangulum Mogulonescrucifer Mogulonescynoglossi Mogulonesgeographicus Mogulonespallidicornis Nedyusquadrimaculatus Thamiocolusviduatus Trichosirocalustroglodytes Zacladusgeranii Cnemogonini Colonnelli, 1979Tribe Auleutesepilobii  {ZIN}Mononychini LeConte, 1876Tribe Mononychuspunctumalbum Phytobiini Gistel, 1856Tribe besseri Gyllenhal, 1837 {ZIN}Marmaropus Neophytobiusgranatus Neophytobiusmuricatus Pelenomuscommari Pelenomuswaltoni Rhinoncusbruchoides Rhinoncusleucostigma Rhinoncuspericarpius Rhinoncusperpendicularis Scleropterini Schultze, 1902Tribe Rutidosomagraminosum Tapinotussellatus Conoderitae Schoenherr, 1833Supertribe Coryssomerini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Coryssomeruscapucinus Euryommatusmariae Roger, 1857 {ZIN}Orobitiditae C.G. Thomson, 1859Supertribe Orobitidini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Orobitiscyanea COSSONINAE Schoenherr, 1825Subfamily Cossonini Schoenherr, 1825Tribe Cossonus (Caenocossonus) parallelepipedus Rhyncolini Gistel, 1856Tribe Rhyncolina Gistel, 1856Subtribe Rhyncolus (Rhyncolus) aterater Rhyncolus (Rhyncolus) elongatus CURCULIONINAE Latreille, 1802Subfamily Acalyptini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Acalyptuscarpini Acalyptussericeus Gyllenhal, 1835Anoplini Bedel, 1884Tribe Anoplusplantaris Anthonomini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Anthonomus (Anthomorphus) phyllocola Anthonomus (Anthomorphus) pinivorax Silfverberg, 1977*Anthonomus (Anthonomus) conspersus Desbrochers des Loges, 1868Anthonomus (Anthonomus) incurvus Anthonomus (Anthonomus) pomorum Anthonomus (Anthonomus) rubi Anthonomus (Anthonomus) sorbi Germar, 1821Anthonomus (Anthonomus) ulmi  {ZIN}Anthonomus (Furcipus) rectirostris Bradybatus (Bradybatus) kellneri Bach, 1854Cionini Schoenherr, 1825Tribe Cionushortulanus Cionusolivieri Rosenschoeld, 1838 {? Cionusscrophulariae Cionustuberculosus Curculionini Latreille, 1802Tribe Archariina Pelsue & O\u2019Brien, 2011Subtribe Archarius (Archarius) pyrrhoceras Archarius (Archarius) salicivorus Curculionina Latreille, 1802Subtribe Curculio (Curculio) glandium Marsham, 1802Curculio (Curculio) nucum Linnaeus, 1758Curculio (Curculio) rubidus Ellescini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Dorytomina Bedel, 1886Subtribe Dorytomus (Dorytomus) salicinus Dorytomus (Dorytomus) taeniatus Dorytomus (Dorytomus) tortrix Dorytomus (Dorytomus) tremulae Ellescina C.G. Thomson, 1859Subtribe Ellescusbipunctatus Ellescusinfirmus Ellescusscanicus Mecinini Gistel, 1848Tribe Cleopomiarusdistinctus Cleopomiarusgraminis Gymnetronmelanarium Gymnetronterminassianae Smreczy\u0144ski, 1975 {ZIN}Gymnetronveronicae Mecinusheydenii Wencker, 1866Mecinusjanthinus Germar, 1821Mecinuslabilis Mecinuspascuorum Mecinusplantaginis Mecinuspyraster Miarusajugae Rhinusaantirrhini Rhinusaasellus Rhinusacollina Rhinusalinariae Rhinusaneta Rhamphini Rafinesque, 1815Tribe Rhamphina Rafinesque, 1815Subtribe Isochnusfoliorum Isochnussequensi Orchestes (Alyctus) calceatus Orchestes (Alyctus) rusci Orchestes (Orchestes) hortorum Pseudorchestescircumvistulanus  {ZIN}Pseudorchestespratensis Rhamphuspulicarius Rhynchaenus (Rhynchaenus) xylostei Clairville, 1798Tachyergesrufitarsis  {?Tachyergessalicis Tachyergesstigma Smicronychini Seidlitz, 1891Tribe Smicronyx (Smicronyx) coecus Smicronyx (Smicronyx) smreczynskii F. Solari, 1952Tychiini C.G. Thomson, 1859Tribe Tychiina C.G. Thomson, 1859Subtribe Sibinia (Sibinia) pellucens Sibinia (Sibinia) subelliptica Sibinia (Sibinia) tibialis Gyllenhal, 1835Sibinia (Sibinia) viscariae Tychius (Tychius) medicaginis C.N.F. Brisout de Barneville, 1863Tychius (Tychius) picirostris Tychius (Tychius) quinquepunctatus Tychius (Tychius) stephensi Schoenherr, 1835DRYOPHTHORINAE Schoenherr, 1825Subfamily Rhynchophorini Schoenherr, 1833Tribe Litosomina Lacordaire, 1865Subtribe Sitophilusgranarius \u2020Sphenophorina Lacordaire, 1865Subtribe Sphenophorusstriatopunctatus ENTIMINAE Schoenherr, 1823Subfamily Brachyderini Schoenherr, 1826Tribe Brachyderes (Brachyderes) incanus Strophosoma (Strophosoma) capitatum Cneorhinini Lacordaire, 1863Tribe Attactagenusalbinus Otiorhynchini Schoenherr, 1826Tribe Otiorhynchus (Choilisanus) raucus Otiorhynchus (Cryphiphorus) ligustici Otiorhynchus (Otiolehus) tristis Otiorhynchus (Pendragon) ovatusovatus Phyllobiini Schoenherr, 1826Tribe Phyllobius (Alsus) brevis Gyllenhal, 1834Phyllobius (Dieletus) argentatusargentatus Phyllobius (Metaphyllobius) jacobsoni Smirnov, 1913Phyllobius (Metaphyllobius) pomaceus Gyllenhal, 1834Phyllobius (Nemoicus) oblongus Phyllobius (Phyllobius) arborator Phyllobius (Phyllobius) pyri Phyllobius (Phyllobius) thalassinus Gyllenhal, 1834Phyllobius (Pterygorrhynchus) maculicornis Germar, 1823Polydrusini Schoenherr, 1823Tribe Liophloeus (Liophloeus) tessulatus Polydrusus (Eudipnus) mollis Polydrusus (Eurodrusus) cervinus Polydrusus (Eurodrusus) confluens Stephens, 1831Polydrusus (Eustolus) flavipesflavipes Polydrusus (Eustolus) pterygomalis Boheman, 1840Polydrusus (Polydrusus) fulvicornisfulvicornis Polydrusus (Polydrusus) tereticollis Sciaphilini Sharp, 1891Tribe Brachysomus (Brachysomus) echinatus Eusomusovulum Germar, 1823Exomiaslebedevi Sciaphilusasperatus Sitonini Gistel, 1848Tribe Charagmusgriseus Sitonaambiguus Gyllenhal, 1834Sitonacylindricolliscylindricollis F\u00e5hraeus, 1840Sitonahispidulus Sitonainops Schoenherr, 1832Sitonalineatus Sitonalongulus Gyllenhal, 1834Sitonamaculariusmacularius Sitonaobsoletusobsoletus Sitonapuncticollis Stephens, 1831Sitonastriatellus Gyllenhal, 1834Sitonasulcifronssulcifrons Sitonasuturalis Stephens, 1831Tanymecini Lacordaire, 1863Tribe Tanymecina Lacordaire, 1863Subtribe Chlorophanusviridisviridis Tanymecus (Tanymecus) palliatus Trachyphloeini Gistel, 1848Tribe Romualdiusscaber HYPERINAE Lacordaire, 1863 (1848)Subfamily Hyperini Lacordaire, 1863 (1848)Tribe Hypera (Boreohypera) diversipunctata Hypera (Boreohypera) fornicata Hypera  meles Hypera (Eririnomorphus) conmaculata Hypera (Eririnomorphus) rumicis Hypera (Hypera) miles Hypera (Hypera) postica Hypera (Hypera) transsilvanica Hypera (Hypera) viciae Hypera (Kippenbergia) arator Limobiusborealis LIXINAE Schoenherr, 1823Subfamily Cleonini Schoenherr, 1826Tribe Asproparthenisfoveocollis Bothynoderesaffinis Cleonispigra Coniocleonus (Augustecleonus) hollbergii Cyphocleonusdealbatus Cyphocleonustrisulcatus Lixini Schoenherr, 1823Tribe Larinus (Larinomesius) obtusus Gyllenhal, 1835Larinus (Phyllonomeus) planus Larinus (Phyllonomeus) sturnus Larinus (Phyllonomeus) turbinatus Gyllenhal, 1835Lixus (Dilixellus) bardanae Lixus (Dilixellus) fasciculatus Boheman, 1835Lixus (Dilixellus) pulverulentus Lixus (Epimeces) filiformis Lixus (Eulixus) iridis G.-A. Olivier, 1807Lixus (Eulixus) myagri G.-A. Olivier, 1807Lixus (Lixus) paraplecticus Lixus (Phillixus) brevipes C.N.F. Brisout de Barneville, 1866 {ZIN}MESOPTILIINAE Lacordaire, 1863Subfamily Magdalidini Pascoe, 1870Tribe Magdalis (Edo) ruficornis Magdalis  duplicata Germar, 1819Magdalis  frontalis Magdalis  linearis Magdalis  phlegmatica Magdalis  violacea Magdalis  armigera MOLYTINAE Schoenherr, 1823Subfamily Cryptorhynchini Schoenherr, 1825Tribe Cryptorhynchina Schoenherr, 1825Subtribe Cryptorhynchuslapathi Tylodina Lacordaire, 1865Subtribe Acallesechinatus Molytini Schoenherr, 1823Tribe Hylobiina Kirby, 1837Subtribe Hylobius (Hylobius) excavatus  {? Hylobius  abietis Hylobius  pinastri Pissodini Gistel, 1848Tribe Pissodina Gistel, 1848Subtribe Pissodes (Pissodes) castaneus Pissodes (Pissodes) harcyniae  {ZIN}Pissodes (Pissodes) pinipini Pissodes (Pissodes) piniphilus Pissodes (Pissodes) validirostris Trachodini Gistel, 1848Tribe Trachodeshispidus SCOLYTINAE Latreille, 1804Subfamily Corthylini LeConte, 1876Tribe Pityophthorina Eichhoff, 1878Subtribe Pityophthorusglabratus Eichhoff, 1878 {ZIN}Pityophthoruslichtensteinii Pityophthorusmicrographusmicrographus  {ZIN}Pityophthorustraegardhi Spessivtsev, 1921 {ZIN}Cryphalini Lindemann, 1877Tribe Ernoporustiliae  {ZIN}Trypophloeusbinodulus  {ZIN}Trypophloeusdiscedens Palm, 1950 {ZIN}Crypturgini LeConte, 1876Tribe Crypturguscinereus  {ZIN}Crypturgushispidulus C.G. Thomson, 1870 {ZIN}Crypturguspusillus  {ZIN}Crypturgussubcribrosus Eggers, 1933 {ZIN}Dryocoetini Lindemann, 1877Tribe Dryocoetesautographus  {ZIN}Dryocoeteshectographus Reitter, 1913 {ZIN}Lymantoracerisaceris  {ZIN}Lymantorcoryli  {ZIN}Hylastini LeConte, 1876Tribe Hylastesangustatus Hylastesater  {ZIN}Hylastesbrunneus  {ZIN}Hylastescunicularius Erichson, 1836 {ZIN}Hylastesopacus Erichson, 1836Hylurgopspalliatus  {ZIN}Hylurgini Gistel, 1848Tribe Dendroctonusmicans Hylurgusligniperda  {ZIN}Tomicusminor Tomicuspiniperda  {ZIN}Ipini Bedel, 1888Tribe Ips acuminatus  {ZIN}Ips duplicatus Ips sexdentatus  {ZIN}Ips typographus  {ZIN}Orthotomicuslaricis  {ZIN}Orthotomicuslongicollis Orthotomicusproximus Orthotomicusstarki Spessivtsev, 1926 {ZIN}Orthotomicussuturalis Pityogenesbidentatus Pityogeneschalcographus  {ZIN}Pityogenesirkutensisirkutensis Eggers, 1910Pityogenesquadridens Polygraphini Chapuis, 1869Tribe Carphoborusrossicus Semenov, 1902 {ZIN}Polygraphuspoligraphus  {ZIN}Polygraphussubopacus C.G. Thomson, 1871 {ZIN}Scolytini Latreille, 1804Tribe Scolytusintricatus  {ZIN}Scolytuslaevis Chapuis, 1869 {ZIN}Scolytusmultistriatus  {ZIN}Scolytusratzeburgii E.W. Janson, 1856 {ZIN}Scolytusrugulosus  {ZIN}Scolytusscolytus Xyleborini LeConte, 1876Tribe Anisandrusdispar  {ZIN}Xyleborinussaxesenii  {ZIN}Xyleboruscryptographus  {ZIN}Xyloterini LeConte, 1876Tribe Trypodendronlaeve Eggers, 1939 {ZIN}Trypodendronlineatum  {ZIN}Trypodendronsignatum  {ZIN}Ptiliidae and Clambidae collected in the Mordovia Nature Reserve remain to be identified. The occurrences of Spercheidae, Psephenidae, Drilidae, and Stenotrachelidae in the reserve is possible but not yet confirmed.This checklist includes data on 2145 species from 88 families  make up a total of 57.6% of the Coleoptera diversity of the Reserve. Forty-seven species from 20 families are listed for the first time for the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and the Republic of Mordovia. Detailed information about them will be published separately.The most diverse families (Ilybiuswasastjernae (Dytiscidae), Aleocharafalcata, Alevonotaegregia, Athetasequanica, Blediusfergussoni, Gyrophaenanitidula and Sepedophilusbinotatus (Staphylinidae), Agriluskaluganus (Buprestidae), Isorhipismelasoides (Eucnemidae), Denticollisrubens and Ampedusnigerrimus (Elateridae), Erotidesnasutus and Lopheroslineatus (Lycidae), Allonyxquadrimaculatus (Cleridae), Ipidiasexguttata (Nitidulidae), Cucujuscinnaberinus (Cucujidae), Clemmustroglodytes (Anamorphidae), Phryganophiluspseudauritus (Melandryidae), Diaclinafagi (Tenebrionidae), Lepturaaurulenta, Phymatodesabietinus and Purpuricenusglobulicollis (Cerambycidae), Synetabetulae (Chrysomelidae), Mesauletobiuspubescens (Rhynchitidae), Ceutorhynchuspseudoarator, Euryommatusmariae and Anthonomusulmi (Curculionidae).The Mordovia State Nature Reserve is a unique refugium of forest that has been little affected by human activity for many centuries . This haColeoptera species. It is home to eight species listed in the Red book of the Russian Federation  from 17 families (Table Staphylinidae (4 species), Dermestidae, Nitidulidae and Tenebrionidae (3 species each). The small proportion of adventive species in the fauna possibly indicates the stability of the ecosystems of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and the weak anthropogenic impact on them.The Coleoptera both in Russia and in other countries (see Table The obtained results on the diversity of beetles in the Mordovia State Nature Reserve can be compared with similar data from other protected areas with well-studied Analysis of the data on the degree of study of the beetle fauna in natural protected areas of the European part of Russia allows us to conclude that the beetle fauna of the Mordovian State Nature Reserve is the most studied.Helophoridae, Hydraenidae, Leiodidae, Elmidae, Throscidae, Cryptophagidae, Phalacridae, and Scraptiidae have not been sufficiently studied and require particular attention.The study of the beetle fauna of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve needs to be continued. The families"}
{"text": "Objective: This research examines regional differences (Northern vs. Southern) in pain, religious coping, and negative affect among African Americans (AA) and non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) over the age of 50 with physician-confirmed knee osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: As part of a larger study of racial/ethnic differences in everyday quality of life with OA, 116 persons were recruited from sites in Alabama (n = 64) and New York (n = 52). Participants completed global measures of pain  and religious coping (Brief RCOPE); daily variability in pain, coping, and affect was assessed using a daily diary methodology consisting of 4 daily phone calls over 7 days. Site comparisons were conducted using one-way multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with covariates of race, sex, education, and marital status. Results: There was a significant multivariate effect of site on pain, religious coping, and affect, F = 3.846, p = .003, Wilk\u2019s \u039b = .844, partial \u03b72 = .156. Follow-up univariate tests and mean examinations revealed that Southerners reported statistically more daily pain , religious coping , and negative affect  than Northerners . Implications: Results contribute to a growing understanding of how individuals use their religious beliefs to cope with daily pain."}
{"text": "Population-level longitudinal data evaluating trends in new HIV diagnoses and use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to assess the impact of COVID-19 on HIV prevention efforts are limited. Here, we evaluated changes in new HIV diagnoses in people who could benefit from PrEP (PWBP), PrEP use, and new HIV diagnoses among people prescribed PrEP prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.PWBP prescribed PrEP at least once after January 2012 were identified using a prescription claims database (IQVIA LRxDx). HIV-negative persons who had ever received emtricitabine(F)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or F/tenofovir alafenamide for PrEP between July 2019 and December 2022 were included in this analysis. PrEP use was defined as having an active prescription for oral PrEP before supply ended during the month. New HIV diagnoses per 100 persons per month (PPM) was calculated as new diagnoses divided by PWBP with an active enrollment status. Interrupted time series analysis with segmented regression was used to assess changes in the slope of PrEP use and HIV diagnosis before and during the pandemic.Compared to January 2020 (pre-COVID), new HIV diagnoses in PWBP decreased by 44% in April 2020 and 34% in December 2020. New diagnoses subsequently increased each month, reaching pre-COVID levels in July 2021 . PrEP use similarly declined at the start of the pandemic, which was associated with a subsequent increase in new HIV diagnoses among persons in this group . However, PrEP use has increased steadily since November 2020, with a monthly increase of approximately 3600 persons (p< 0.01). As PrEP use increased, we observed a proportional decrease in new HIV diagnoses among people who were prescribed PrEP, with an average of 0.13 new diagnosis per 100 PPM, while new diagnosis in all PWBP increased with an average of 0.60 per 100 PPM during the same post-COVID period.Decreased HIV diagnoses in PWBP early in the pandemic coincided with stay-at-home restrictions and peaks in COVID-19 hospitalizations, which may have influenced sexual behaviors and HIV testing access. The decrease in PrEP use and subsequent increase in HIV diagnoses highlight the importance of sustained access to PrEP and other HIV prevention services during public health emergencies.Li Tao, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds J Carlo Hojilla, RN, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Valentina Shvachko, MS, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Juan Yang, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Christoph C. Carter, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Moupali Das, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Melanie de Boer, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Escherichia coli (UPEC) accounting for 80% of cases. With recent transitions in healthcare toward virtual visits, data on multi-drug resistance (MDR) (resistant to \u22653 antibiotic classes) by care setting are needed to inform empiric treatment decision-making.Urinary tract infections (UTIs) cause significant disease and economic burden. Uncomplicated UTIs (uUTIs) occur in otherwise healthy individuals without underlying structural abnormalities, with uropathogenic We evaluated UPEC resistance over time and by care setting , in adults who received outpatient care for uUTI at Kaiser Permanente Southern California between January 2016 and December 2021.Figure 1) both in virtual and in-person settings (p-for trend < 0.001). Resistance to penicillins overall (29%), co-resistance to penicillins and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (12%), and MDR involving penicillins and TMP-SMX plus \u22651 antibiotic class were common (10%) . Resistance to 1, 2, 3, and 4 antibiotic classes was found in 19%, 18%, 8%, and 4% of isolates, respectively; 1% were resistant to \u22655 antibiotic classes, and 50% were resistant to none. Similar resistance patterns were observed over time, and by care setting.We included 174,185 individuals who had \u22651 UPEC uUTI , who were 92% female, and 46% Hispanic with a mean age 52 years (standard deviation 20). Overall, UPEC MDR decreased during the study period (13 to 12%) (We observed a slight decrease in both class-specific AMR and MDR of UPEC overall, most commonly involving penicillins and TMP-SMX, and consistent over time and by care setting. Virtual healthcare may expand access to UTI care without increased risk for MDR and the need for setting-specific antibiograms.Jennifer H. Ku, PhD MPH, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Katia J. Bruxvoort, PhD, MPH, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Sara Y. Tartof, PhD MPH, Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|SPERO: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Patients with HIV who adhere to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy can achieve and maintain viral suppression (defined as < 200 copies of HIV/mL). Integrated Health System Specialty Pharmacies (HSSPs) help patients overcome barriers to ARV adherence, but there are limited data on the impact of HSSPs on clinical outcomes. This study compared viral suppression for patients filling ARVs at UMass Memorial Specialty Pharmacy to those utilizing a non-integrated specialty pharmacy (non-HSSP).In this retrospective cohort study, patients aged \u226518 years with an HIV diagnosis, encounter at the UMass Memorial Medical HIV Clinic, an ARV medication order, and at least one viral load (VL) result between January 2018 and May 2022 were identified from the medical record. Data included: age, sex, race, ethnicity, comorbidities, and all VL results over the study period. Time of first HSSP fill date was used to identify patient start in the respective pharmacy. VL results were divided into time under HSSP or non-HSSP . The index time was first VL for patients in either the HSSP or non-HSSP group.To account for multiple VL measures per patient, a Generalized Estimating Equation logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and a 95% confidence interval. An OR >1 indicates greater viral suppression.Viral load (VL) lab results were collected while patients were in Integrated Health System Specialty Pharmacies (HSSP) or Non-Integrated Specialty Pharmacy (Non-HSSP). Index time (time=0) is firts VL result while in HSSP or Non-HSSP. Examples of 3 patients timelines, each represents a lab result.Of the 889 patients identified, 326 provided VL results under HSSP while 681 contributed results for non-HSSP; 118 patients provided results for both groups . Of the 5,295 VL results, 2,028 were from HSSP patients and 3,267 from the non-HSSP group. Of the 5,295 total VLs, 90.6% indicated viral suppression, with the average rate of 91.0% in the HSSP group vs 86.0% in the non-HSSP group. Table 1 displays unadjusted and adjusted ORs estimates. The HSSP group had a higher rate of viral suppression . Sex, ethnicity, and race were not significantly associated with viral suppression, which decreased with Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) 1-3; increased with age; and increased over time (from index date of VL).Among patients evaluated at UMass Memorial HIV Clinic, those filling ARV medications at the HSSP demonstrated higher rates of viral suppression compared to patients utilizing a non-HSSP.Karen I. Salomon-Escoto, MD, Novartis: clinical trial PI Jonathan Kay, MD, Aker BioMarine AS: Grant/Research Support|Alvotech Swiss AG: Advisor/Consultant|Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH: Advisor/Consultant|Bristol Myers Squibb Co.: Advisor/Consultant|Fresenius Kabi: Advisor/Consultant|Galapagos NV: Grant/Research Support|Inmagene LLC: Independent Data Monitoring Committee member|Kolon TissueGene, Inc.: Independent Data Monitoring Committee member|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Advisor/Consultant|Organon LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Samsung Bioepis: Advisor/Consultant|Sandoz Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Scipher Medicine: Advisor/Consultant|Teijin Pharma Ltd.: Advisor/Consultant|Wolters Kluwer NV: Royalties for UpToDate"}
{"text": "Individuals with immunocompromising conditions are at high risk of severe disease from COVID-19. The objectives of this study were to describe the clinical features, risk factors, and outcomes of COVID-19 in immunocompromised (IC) adults hospitalized with acute respiratory infection (ARI).We enrolled patients \u2265 18 years of age hospitalized with ARI at two Emory University hospitals from May 2021 \u2013 Aug 2022. Patient interviews and medical abstractions were completed. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using BioFire Respiratory Panel, and results of standard-of-care testing were recorded. IC was defined using comorbidities from the medical chart . Primary vaccination consisted of 3 mRNA or 1 J&J + 1 other dose for IC patients, and 2 mRNA or 1 J&J for non-IC patients. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated using a test-negative case-control design. Multivariable logistic regression with stepwise selection yielded a final model controlling for employment, past COVID-19, and blood disorders using SAS v9.4.Of 1677 enrolled participants, 1653 had SARS-CoV-2 testing, of whom 850 (50.7%) were positive and 231 (27.2% of 850) were IC. Compared to non-IC patients with SARS-CoV-2, IC patients were significantly older ), male (57.1%), and had underlying comorbidities, including blood disorders (13.9%) and chronic kidney disease (36.8%). IC patients were more commonly infected with the Omicron variant, while non-IC patients were more commonly infected with Alpha or Delta. Compared to non-IC, IC patients had longer hospitalization duration , required positive-pressure ventilation (CPAP/BiPAP) (13.9%), and died (6.5%). IC patients had less commonly received a full COVID-19 vaccine series (19.9% vs. 25.8%) and adjusted VE of primary COVID-19 vaccine series against hospitalization for ARI was lower in the IC ) vs. non-IC patients ).Compared to non-IC hospitalized adults, COVID-19 VE against hospitalization for ARI was lower in IC patients, who were more likely to experience severe outcomes and death.Laura A. Puzniak, PhD. MPH, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Srinivas Valluri, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Pfizer Employee and hold Pfizer stocks/options|Pfizer Inc: Ownership Interest|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Timothy L. Wiemken, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Benjamin Lopman, PhD, Epidemiological Research and Methods, LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Hillevax, Inc: Advisor/Consultant Nadine Rouphael, MD, Icon, EMMES, Sanofi, Seqirus, Moderna: Advisor/Consultant Satoshi Kamidani, MD, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Emergent BioSolutions: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc: Grant/Research Support Evan J. Anderson, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc.: Safety Monitoring Board|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Currently an employee|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Safety Monitoring Board|WCG/ACI Clinical: Data Adjudication Board Christina A. Rostad, MD, BioFire Inc.: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|MedImmune LLC: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: RSV vaccine technology|Merck & Co., Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Micron Technology, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|PaxVax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "COVID-19 vaccine preferences can influence vaccine coverage. Discrete choice experiments (DCE) can be used to elicit people\u2019s trade-offs. DCEs require evidence-based attribute selection and validation of understanding with lay audiences. To inform a future DCE, a pre-test was conducted to examine the survey and refine six attributes selected from a targeted literature review and expert interviews.Interviews were conducted in March 2023 in Canada, Germany, the UK, and US. Self-reported anti-vaccinationists were excluded. Eligible individuals were interviewed during the completion of a survey that included 11 choice tasks and supplementary questions. The \u201cthink aloud\u201d method was used to evaluate participants\u2019 understanding of the survey and if they were making trade-offs as hypothesized. Four country-level experts validated the survey modifications based on the results.Six phone interviews were completed in each country (N=24). Mean age was 43.7; 50% were women; 50% reported receiving the full COVID-19 vaccine series; 45.8% received the initial series but were unsure about additional doses; 1 was unvaccinated (4.2%).Participants\u2019 top four priorities were vaccine protection against COVID-19, serious side-effects, protection against severe COVID-19, and common side-effects, followed by vaccine type and timing of COVID-19/influenza vaccines .More than half of the participants would consider co-administration of COVID-19 and influenza vaccines, either as two separate injections (58.3%) or as a single, combined injection (62.5%) . Most individuals (54.2%) preferred an annual COVID-19 vaccine; over every 6 months (4.2%), and 20.8% were indifferent .When deciding to get vaccinated, most considered the following to be important: how long a vaccine was examined in humans (65.2%), how long a vaccine was used in a vaccination program (62.5%); 50% considered vaccine type (mRNA or protein subunit) important .This study validated the importance of key vaccine attributes driving people\u2019s choices and feedback was used to improve the clarity of attribute descriptions. A future DCE will be fielded to increase the understanding of COVID-19 vaccine preference and hesitancy.Sumitra Sri Bhashyam, MSc, PhD, Novavax Inc: Grant/Research Support L.G Shane, Pharm.D., RPH., BScPharm., Novavax Inc: Employee of Novavax Inc|Novavax Inc: Stocks/Bonds Hannah B. Lewis, MSc, PhD, Novavax Inc: Grant/Research Support Marie de la Cruz, MS, Novavax Inc: Grant/Research Support Jayne Galinsky, PhD, Novavax Inc: Grant/Research Support Keeva Demchuk, n/a, Novavax Inc: Grant/Research Support Nancy M. Waite, Waite PharmD FCCP, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax Inc: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support Jeffrey V. Lazarus, PhD, MIH, MA, AbbVie: Advisor/Consultant|AbbVie: Conference travel|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Honoraria|Moderna: Honoraria|Novavax Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax Inc: Honoraria|Novo Nordisk: Honoraria|Roche Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support David M. Salisbury, CB FMedSci FRCP FRCPCH FFPH, Clover Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax Inc: Honoraria|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "C. difficile toxin production or toxin gene presence. In two phase 3 trials with varied diagnostic testing methods, dosing with fecal microbiota spores, live-brpk  was associated with low rCDI rate \u22648 wks . In ECOSPOR IV, recurrence rates with FMS \u22648 wks were similar by diagnostic method . We evaluated (post hoc) if pt microbiome profiles differed by diagnostic method at study entry.rCDI is characterized by diarrhea reemergence after symptom resolution on standard-of-care antibiotics and positive test for a) ECOSPOR III, a placebo-controlled trial in pts with \u22652 prior rCDI episodes and diagnosis by toxin EIA (TOX+) and b) ECOSPOR IV, an open-label trial in pts with \u22651 prior rCDI and diagnosis by TOX+ with/without PCR or PCR+. Pts had \u22653 unformed stools/day for 2 consecutive days and symptom resolution on antibiotics before enrolling. Samples were analyzed for alpha diversity and engraftment of dose species not present at baseline using whole metagenomic sequencing. Concentrations of primary bile acids (1\u00b0BA), which cause C. difficile spore germination, were measured by targeted LC\u2013MS panel. Statistical analyses in FMS-treated pts compared Shannon diversity, engraftment, and 1\u00b0BA concentration changes from paired baseline\u2013Week 1 samples between subgroups.Baseline (pre-dose) stool samples were obtained from pts in P>0.05); engraftment magnitude after FMS was comparable across trials (P>0.05) . Baseline 1\u00b0BA concentrations were comparable across trials (P>0.05) and subgroups (P>0.05) and decreased by Week 1 after FMS in TOX+ (P< 0.001) and PCR+ (P< 0.001) subgroups .Baseline Shannon diversity was similarly low across TOX+ and PCR+ subgroups (Regardless of diagnostic method, microbiota diversity appeared similarly disrupted at baseline and improved rapidly by 1 wk after FMS. Engraftment magnitude and 1\u00b0BA concentration changes appeared similar across diagnostic subgroups. These data further support the low recurrence rates shown in trials of FMS.Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, PharmD, BCIDP, Cidara Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Personal Fees|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Seres Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support Kevin Litcofsky, PhD, Seres Therapeutics: inventor on patents assigned to Seres Therapeutics|Seres Therapeutics: Employment|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Tim Straub, MS, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Dina Hot, PhD, Aimmune Therapeutics: Employee Barbara McGovern, MD, Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Brooke Hasson, PhD, Sage Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Matthew Sims, MD, PhD, Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Applied Biocode: Advisor/Consultant|Biotest AG: Grant/Research Support|ContraFect: Grant/Research Support|Finch: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Leonard-Meron Biosciences: Grant/Research Support|Merck and Co: Grant/Research Support|Novozyme: Grant/Research Support|OpGen: Advisor/Consultant|OpGen: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Prenosis: Advisor/Consultant|Prenosis: Grant/Research Support|QIAGEN: Grant/Research Support|Seres: Grant/Research Support|Summit Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support Christopher Ford, PhD, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Matthew Henn, PhD, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Candida infections in acute care hospitals, it is critical to understand the epidemiology of healthcare-associated acquisition of these fungal pathogens. Electronic health record (EHR) data is an underutilized resource in identifying potential transmission in this setting.Given increasing resistance and incidence of Candida glabrata ( >48 hrs after admission) between 1/1/2018 and 2/29/2020. Patient location in the hospital and documented contacts between patients and healthcare personnel (HCP) were extracted from the hospital EHR system. Documented contact by a HCP with 2 different patients within 6 hours was considered a potential connection between patients. Prior room occupancy within 7 days was considered potential environmental source. Similarity of C. glabrata infection was determined by isolate antifungal susceptibility profiling where minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to fluconazole and micafungin had to be within one doubling dilution difference.Retrospective analysis of potential source of hospital-onset infections (HOI) with C. glabrata infections were identified, of which 104, were considered HOIs. Of the 104 HOIs, 16 (15%) were associated with HCP connections, though 3 (3%) were also associated with prior room occupants. Four of the isolates matched exactly, while 7 had the same patterns of resistance and the MICs of fluconazole were within a single doubling dilution while micafungin was the same. One of the latter isolates was resistant to fluconazole. The mean time between HCP-associated infections was 11 days and the mean number of connections was 25.A total of 156 Time-line of Candida glabrata infections and HCP-associated connectionsTop panel and lower panel are part of the same timeline but split into two panels for visualization. Dots denote collection date of C. glabrata isolates. Larger grey dots are isolates from potential source patients  while black larger dots are the target patients. In two cases there was suspected onward transmission from a secondary infection, denoted by the larger blue dots. Arrows denote the associated transmission. Highlighted dots denote community vs. hospital-onset primary infections.C. glabrata leading to HOI is a rare event; however, HCP-mediated transmission was the main source of identified potential transmission events rather than direct environmental contamination. While antimicrobial stewardship, early identification, and prevention interventions should continue to be prioritized in Candida prevention programs, EHR data can be helpful in identifying potential transmission events. Further studies are needed to evaluate C. glabrata colonization pathways, as well as other Candida spp., such as C. auris, which may have different transmission characteristics.Transmission of Patricia J. Simner, PhD, Affinity Biosensors: Grant/Research Support|BD Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|BD Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|GeneCapture: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|OpGen Inc: Board Member|OpGen Inc: Grant/Research Support|OpGen Inc: Honoraria|Qiagen Sciences Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Qiagen Sciences Inc: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi Inc: Advisor/Consultant|T2 Biosystems: Grant/Research Support Sara E. Cosgrove, MD, MS, Debiopharm: Advisor/Consultant|Duke Clinical Research Institute: Advisor/Consultant Sean Zhang, MD, PhD, Applied BioCode: Grant/Research Support|IMMY Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|KARIUS: Advisor/Consultant|Pearl Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Scanogen: Grant/Research Support|T2 biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|Vela Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Correction to: Japanese Journal of Radiology (2023) 10.1007/s11604-023-01400-7In the original publication, part b in caption of Fig.\u00a05 should read as:Sagittal T1WI shows hyperintensity anteriorly and mildly hypointensity posteriorly.Reference 2 should read as:WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. Endocrine and Neuroendocrine tumours [Internet].https://tumourclassification.iarc.who.int/chapters/53.Lyon (France): International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2022 [cited 2022 Nov 1]. . The original publication has been corrected."}
{"text": "Once-daily oral tenofovir-based combinations as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) are effective biomedical HIV prevention strategies. Still, low adherence and/or persistence can lead to decreased efficacy. This study describes the characteristics and HIV incidence in commercially-insured US oral PrEP users. Usage pattern results were previously presented.This retrospective study used IQVIA\u2122 PharMetrics Plus data (1/1/2015\u20133/31/2020) to identify adults newly initiated (index date) on emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) as daily PrEP. Users had \u2265 6 months (mos.) of continuous enrollment pre-index (baseline); those diagnosed with HIV or with antiretroviral therapy (ART) use during baseline were excluded. User characteristics were described during the baseline period. Users with both an HIV diagnosis and ART dispensing post-index were considered to have acquired HIV. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using \u2265 2 dispensings of ART on separate days to define HIV infection, regardless of documented HIV diagnosis. Time to HIV infection from the index date and from the latest PrEP dispensing was reported. A separate analysis without \u2265 6 mos. of continuous enrollment pre-index was performed.Table 1). Mean [median] length of follow-up was 504 [390] days. By 3 mos. after initiation, 0.3% of FTC/TDF users had acquired HIV, which increased to 0.5% by 12 mos. (Table 2). The mean [median] time to detected HIV infection from index was 235 [95] days, and from the latest PrEP dispensing was 149 [29] days. 60.3% of FTC/TDF users with an HIV diagnosis had PrEP on hand at the time HIV was detected. In the sensitivity analysis requiring only \u2265 2 ART dispensings, rates were slightly higher . In the analysis which removed the 6-month pre-index coverage requirement (Table 3), rates were also higher .In total, 24,232 FTC/TDF users were identified |ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Guillaume Germain, MSc, ViiV Healthcare: I am an employee of Analysis Group, a consulting company that received research funds from ViiV Healthcare to conduct this study. Fran\u00e7ois Lalibert\u00e9, MS, GSK: Grant/Research Support Alan Oglesby, MPH, GlaxoSmithKline: Employment|GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds Heidi Swygard, MD, ViiV Healthcare: Employee of ViiV Healthcare|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Sean MacKnight, MScPH, ViiV: I am an employee of Analysis Group, a consulting company that received research funds from ViiV to conduct this study. Annalise Hilts, BA, ViiV : Grant/Research Support Mei Sheng Duh, MPH, ScD, Analysis Group, Inc.: Mei Sheng Duh is an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., a consulting company that received funding from GSK to conduct this study|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Herpes zoster (HZ) is characterized by a painful dermatomal rash and is associated with increased healthcare costs. Research quantifying work productivity loss and activity impairment associated with HZ is limited and outdated. This study aimed to describe severity of HZ related pain, health related quality of life, activity impairment, and work productivity among employed adults diagnosed with HZ in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health System.th Revision (ICD-10) HZ diagnosis were invited to complete an online survey. Respondents were indexed on their HZ diagnosis and included if aged 18-70 years, reported working for pay at index, and had 6 months of baseline continuous enrollment. Respondents were excluded if they had a baseline HZ vaccine, did not complete the survey within 30 days after index, or reported not having HZ or experiencing a rash > 14 days prior to index. Questions used to assess outcomes were based on validated survey instruments (Table 1). Work productivity was described among respondents employed at survey completion. Data were collected from 05/04/2021 to 07/07/2022. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize survey responses.This cross-sectional study utilized a self-reported survey among adults in the VA health system. Eligibility was assessed biweekly from electronic health record data, and adults with an incident International Classification of Diseases, 10Among 231 respondents completing the survey, mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 49 (10) years and 79% were male. Overall, 70% reported experiencing pain in the last 7 days. Mean (SD)  \u201caverage-pain\u201d severity and EQ-5D-3L scores were 4.0 (2.8)  and 0.69 (0.22) , respectively. Mean (SD) activity impairment was 42% (33%). Mean (SD) absenteeism, presenteeism, and overall work impairment were 17% (27%), 35% (30%), and 43% (35%) out of 202, 192, and 202 respondents, respectively.Burden associated with HZ is substantial, with a significant proportion experiencing pain, activity impairment, and work productivity loss. These results provide updated context on the impact of HZ in this population of employed adults in the VA health system.Funding: GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA (GSK study identifiers: 208907/HO-16-16967).Shaloo Gupta, MS; ORCID: 0000-0002-2535-2892, Cerner Enviza: Salary|GSK: Funding to employer to conduct and support this study Nai-Chung N. Chang, PhD; ORCID: 0000-0002-4541-8967, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP: Grant/Research Support|Biodesix: Grant/Research Support|Celgene Corporation: Grant/Research Support|Cerner Enviza: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Kantar Health: Grant/Research Support|Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novartis International AG: Grant/Research Support|Parexel International Corporation: Grant/Research Support Nikita Stempniewicz, MSc, GSK: Salary|GSK: Ownership Interest Chenchu Bhavani K. Tirupati, MS, MBA, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP: Grant/Research Support|Biodesix: Grant/Research Support|Celgene Corporation: Grant/Research Support|Cerner Enviza: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Kantar Health: Grant/Research Support|Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novartis International AG: Grant/Research Support|Parexel International Corporation: Grant/Research Support Gregorio Coronado, MBA, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP: Grant/Research Support|Biodesix: Grant/Research Support|Celgene Corporation: Grant/Research Support|Cerner Enviza: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Kantar Health: Grant/Research Support|Myriad Genetic Laboratories, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novartis International AG: Grant/Research Support|Parexel International Corporation: Grant/Research Support Julie A. Lynch, PhD, RN, MBA; ORCID: 0000-0003-0108-2127, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP: Grant/Research Support|Biodesix: Grant/Research Support|Celgene Corporation: Grant/Research Support|Cerner Enviza: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novartis International AG: Grant/Research Support|Parexel International Corporation: Grant/Research Support Cosmina Hogea, PhD; ORCID: 0000-0002-0686-2395, Gilead Sciences: Ownership Interest|GSK: Salary at the time of the submitted work|GSK: Ownership Interest Emily Mulvihill, MBA; ORCID: 0000-0002-1430-8837, Cerner Enviza: Salary|GSK: Funding to employer to conduct and support this study Scott L. DuVall, PhD, Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP: Grant/Research Support|Biodesix: Grant/Research Support|Celgene Corporation: Grant/Research Support|Cerner Enviza: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novartis International AG: Grant/Research Support|Parexel International Corporation: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Correction: Systematic Reviews 12, 12 (2023)10.1186/s13643-023-02168-7Following publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect author names are:Oguntade Racheal Tomilola, Ojewole Elizabeth Bolanle and Ogunrombi Modupe OlufunmilayoThe correct author names are:Racheal Tomilola Oguntade, Elizabeth Bolanle Ojewole and Modupe Olufunmilayo OgunrombiThe original article  has been"}
{"text": "Venetoclax is a small molecule inhibitor of BCL-2 used in the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Recent post-marketing studies on venetoclax suggested that it may predispose to opportunistic infections (OIs). We sought to systematically review the randomized controlled trial (RCT) evidence on venetoclax to assess whether it predisposes patients to infectious adverse events (IAEs) and neutropenia.i.e., a regimen with additional anti-cancer agents) or placebo controls in patients with hematologic malignancies, irrespective of treatment line. Data on IAEs and neutropenia were pooled by Bayesian meta-analysis and we computed the probability of any increased risk in infectious or neutropenic complications (Risk Ratio [RR] >1). Subgroup analyses were conducted based on treatment line, use of an inactive comparator, malignancy type, and prophylaxis strategy. Additionally, we pooled the incidence rates of fatal OIs between venetoclax and comparator arms and compared them by univariate meta-regression.We systematically reviewed the RCTs comparing venetoclax therapy to active . The probabilities of venetoclax increasing the risk of grade 3-5 and fatal IAEs were 86.6%  and 81.1% , respectively. There was a 97.2% likelihood that venetoclax increased the risk of grade 3-5 neutropenia . Venetoclax treatment did not increase the incidence of fatal OIs (P=0.55).Our results suggest that venetoclax likely increases the risk of high-grade neutropenia and IAEs overall, but not fatal OIs. However, our analyses did not identify any specific IAEs that would benefit from routine anti-infective prophylaxis or pre-emptive testing.Michael Sebag, MD, PhD, Amgen: Advisor/Consultant|BMS: Advisor/Consultant|Focus Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Novartis: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant Matthew Cheng, MD, Amplyx Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Honoraria|Cidara Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|GEn1E lifesciences: Advisor/Consultant|GEn1E lifesciences: Stocks/Bonds|Kanvas Biosciences, Inc.: Board Member|Kanvas Biosciences, Inc.: Pending patents|Kanvas Biosciences, Inc.: Ownership Interest|Merck: Honoraria|nomic bio: Advisor/Consultant|nomic bio: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Honoraria|Scynexis Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) is one of the most common surgical operations performed in the US. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a daunting complication of TJA and is associated with high morbidity. Previous studies have shown that racial disparities exist in postoperative complications of TJAs, including readmissions and mortality. However, it is unclear if such disparities also exist for PJI.A single large hospital system database was used to identify all patients who underwent either primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) between January 2018 and December 2021. Patients were stratified by self-identified racial categories. PJI was defined by ICD-9/10 coding. We present descriptive data as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and means and standard deviations for continuous variables. We used chi-square tests to estimate crude risk ratios (cRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PJI by race.A total of 11,818 patients were included in the final analysis. The majority (96.6%) of patients identified as non-Black (Table 1). The mean age was 69.4 (\u00b110.3) years for non-Black patients and 65.5 (\u00b111.5) years for Black patients. Females represented the majority of non-Black and Black patients who underwent TJA . The majority of TJAs were TKAs for both non-Black and Black patients . The incidence of PJIs was 1.6% among non-Black patients compared to 3.3% among Black patients (cRR (95% CI): 1.99 (1.17 \u2013 3.39); p=0.0112). The majority of PJIs occurred post TKA (Table 1).Preliminary findings suggest that racial disparities exist in PJIs. These findings were not adjusted for possible confounding factors such as age, sex and comorbidities. Future studies are needed to determine if such disparities persist when other factors are considered.Antonia Chen, MD, MBA, Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Avanos: Advisor/Consultant|BICMD: Advisor/Consultant|Convatec: Advisor/Consultant|Elute: Grant/Research Support|Ethicon: Advisor/Consultant|GLG: Advisor/Consultant|Guidepoint: Advisor/Consultant|Heraeus: Advisor/Consultant|Hyalex: Stocks/Bonds|IlluminOss: Stocks/Bonds|Irrimax: Advisor/Consultant|Irrimax: Stocks/Bonds|Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery: Deputy Editor|Osteal Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Osteal Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds|Peptilogics: Advisor/Consultant|Peptilogics: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|SLACK Incorporated: royalties|Smith and Nephew: Advisor/Consultant|Sonoran: Stocks/Bonds|Stryker: Advisor/Consultant|Taylor & Francis Group: Royalties|UpToDate: Royalties"}
{"text": "The purpose of this study was to monitor the As part of a worldwide surveillance study, a total of 2,942 Gram-negative isolates were collected during 2021 from various infections including IAI, body fluids, respiratory and other sources. Of the 2,942 isolates, 654, 1263, and 1025 were from Asia/Pacific, Europe, and North America, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by CLSI broth microdilution. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined with FDA or CLSI breakpoints.Acinetobacter baumannii or Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, eravacycline exhibited promising activity against these species with MIC50 / MIC90 of 0.5 & 1 and 1 & 2 \u00b5g/ml, respectively.Summary MIC data for tested antimicrobials are shown in the Table. Susceptibility to eravacycline for Enterobacterales was 93.9%, 85.7%, 90.0%, and 96.8% for all isolates, MDR Enterobacterales, ESBL-positive, and ESBL-negative isolates, respectively. Although there are no clinical breakpoints for A. baumannii or S. maltophilia, eravacycline demonstrated promising activity against these species. These results suggest that, following several years of clinical use, susceptibility to eravacycline remains high.Eravacycline exhibited sustained high susceptibility against multiple Enterobacterales species, including MDR and ESBL-positive isolates. While breakpoints are not defined for Stephen Hawser, PhD, Allecra: study funding|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics, Inc.: Honoraria|Roche: Honoraria|Roche: This project has been funded by BARDA (HHSO100201600038C). Nimmi Kothari, PhD, Allecra: Allecra (study funding)|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics, Inc.: Honoraria|Roche: Honoraria|Roche: This project has been funded by BARDA (HHSO100201600038C). Federica Monti, PhD, Allecra: Study funded|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics, Inc.: Honoraria Tony Hodges, MD, La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company: Employee|La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company: Stocks/Bonds Kristie Zappas, PhD, La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company: employee|La Jolla Pharmaceutical Company: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "The rationale for a loading dose (LD) prior to administering extended infusion piperacillin/tazobactam (PTZ) is theoretical and based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) principles and simulations. The clinical data to support the use of a LD for extended infusion are limited.This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study evaluating adult patients with gram-negative bacteremia who received extended infusion PTZ for at least 48 hours between 2015 and 2022. In December 2019, the study institution developed a policy that automatically ordered a PTZ LD whenever PTZ therapy was prescribed. The study compared patients who received the loading dose to those who did not. Electronic medical records were queried for patient demographic and clinical data. The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. Key secondary endpoints included clinical cure, time to clinical cure, 14-day mortality, in-hospital mortality, time to mortality, and microbiologic cure. Clinical cure was defined by antibiotic discontinuation or narrowing of antibiotics in the setting of patient survival. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for all data analyses. Logistic regression modeling was performed to control for confounding.A total of 102 patients were included in the analysis, with 51 patients in the LD group and 51 patients in the no LD group. Baseline characteristics were similar in both treatment groups with the exception of ICU admission which was higher in the LD group . The 30-day mortality was 12% (6/51) in the LD group compared to 6% (3/51) in the no LD group (P = 0.49). There were no significant differences in 14-day mortality, in-hospital mortality, clinical cure, and microbiologic cure. After adjusting for potential confounders, there were no significant associations between LD and 30-day mortality .We observed no significant association between LD for extended infusion PTZ and clinical outcomes. Larger cohorts with adequately powered sample sizes are needed to validate these findings. Future investigations should evaluate the impact of a LD for extended infusion PTZ on safety and PK/PD outcomes.Pinki Bhatt, MD, Sanofi: Grant/Research Support Keith S. Kaye, MD, MPH, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Abbvie: Honoraria|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Honoraria|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Honoraria|VenatoRx: Advisor/Consultant|VenatoRx: Honoraria Navaneeth Narayanan, PharmD, MPH, BCIDP, Astellas: Honoraria|Beckman Coulter: Honoraria|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "S. pneumoniae (SPN) from the USA, as well as the resistance (R) mechanisms in tetracycline (TET) non-susceptible (NS) SPN.Major guidelines recommend \u03b2-lactams, macrolides, doxycycline (DOX) or respiratory quinolone monotherapy for outpatients with non-severe community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP). Combination therapy is recommended for outpatients with comorbidities. Omadacycline (OMC) was equivalent to moxifloxacin as monotherapy for adults with CABP and was approved for CABP by the US FDA (2018). The activity of OMC and comparators was evaluated against 1,038 SPN from 31 USA centers (2019-2021) were tested by CLSI broth microdilution. Isolates were from CABP (933), bloodstream infection (72), or nosocomial pneumonia (33). A selection of 119 SPN with DOX MIC of 0.25 - >8 mg/L were subjected to genome sequencing for screening of acquired TET-R genes and target site mutations, and serotyping (ST).tet(M), and TET-NS had low S to DOX (6.6% S) and azithromycin (3.3% S). TET target site mutations were not observed. SPN belonged to 21 ST; 22F and 35B were the most common among TET-S SPN, whereas 15A, 19A, 09N, and 23A were common among TET-NS SPN.Most SPN isolates were susceptible (S) to OMC , levofloxacin  and tigecycline . Other agents had limited activity overall  with decreased S against isolates from certain US regions (Table). Only OMC (100% S), LEV (96.8% S) and TIG (96.7% S) were active against TET-NS  SPN. Cefpodoxime (70.5% S) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (82.0% S) had suboptimal activity against this R subset and other agent had S \u226436.1%. Isolates from the Pacific region tended to be more S than those from other regions. All TET-NS and 1 TET-S  isolates carried tet(M).Options recommended for the empiric treatment of outpatients with CABP show low S against SPN from the US, except against isolates from the Pacific region. Tet(M) remains the dominant R mechanism, which did not affect OMC activity but significantly altered DOX activity. These data suggest that OMC represents a potential empiric option for treating pneumonia caused by SPN in the USA, including against isolates carrying Lalitagauri M. Deshpande, PhD, Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support Michael D. Huband, BS, BARDA: This study has been funded in part by BARDA under Contract No. 75A50120C00001.|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Sarah Charbon, MHS, MLS(ASCP)CM, Paratek: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) continues to expand. ESBL-Es commonly colonize the intestinal tract and may propagate the spread of ESBL genes. However, the frequency at which ESBL production occurs in all Enterobacterales (including inducible AmpC-producers) is unknown. This study aims to define the epidemiology of third-generation cephalosporin resistant Enterobacterales (3GC-RE) colonization to understand their burden and contribution to ESBL spread in high-risk populations .The epidemic of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobacterales. For inducible AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, cefepime +/- clavulanic acid disk test was performed. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) were tested for carbapenemase-production using the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) and by the CARBA 5 lateral flow assay, if mCIM positive.Surveillance cultures for 3GC-RE were performed by collecting perirectal swabs among high-risk populations at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS after recovery on 3GC selective chromogenic media. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using lyophilized broth microdilution panels following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. 3GC-RE were characterized using the CLSI ESBL disk test among recommended Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and K. oxytoca being the most common ESBL-E. Additionally, 14 (12%) were CRE with K. pneumoniae, E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae complex being the most common CRE. Of CRE, 7 (50%) were carbapenemase producers with 4 (57%) KPC, 2 (29%) NDM and 1 (14%) KPC and NDM.Of 966 surveillance cultures, 99 (10%) were positive for 3GC-RE and 14 (1%) were positive for CRE. Almost all 112 (99%) rectal swabs had a single organism isolated while multiple organisms were isolated from 1 (1%). 114 bacterial isolates were recovered (Table 1). Of the 3GC-RE, 66 (58%) were ESBL-producers with Enterobacterales.Colonization with 3GC-RE and CRE occurs in 10% and 1% of rectal swabs collected from high-risk patients, respectively. 58% of 3GC-RE were ESBL producers and ranged between 0-100% among 3GC-RE; including up to 33% from inducible AmpC producing Sara E. Cosgrove, MD, MS, Debiopharm: Advisor/Consultant|Duke Clinical Research Institute: Advisor/Consultant Patricia J. Simner, PhD, Affinity Biosensors: Grant/Research Support|BD Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|BD Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|GeneCapture: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|OpGen Inc: Board Member|OpGen Inc: Grant/Research Support|OpGen Inc: Honoraria|Qiagen Sciences Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Qiagen Sciences Inc: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi Inc: Advisor/Consultant|T2 Biosystems: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "We compared the performance of BIOFIRETotal of 250 leftover NPS  obtained from children as a part of routine diagnostic care and tested previously by standard of care assay were enrolled in the study and tested on all three respiratory panel multiplex platforms. Results for Flu A, Flu B and SARS CoV-2 were compared to a composite reference standard (consensus positive = positive result in \u22652 assays and consensus negative = negative result in \u22652 assays) to calculate positive percent agreement (PPA) and negative percent agreement (NPA). For RSV, PPA and NPA were calculated by comparing Xpert and SPOTFIRE assays only. Discrepant samples were tested by CDC single plex PCR for each of the viruses.PPA and NPA for all targets is shown in Table 1. PPA for Flu A and Flu B were similar across all platforms and NPA >95% by all assays. PPA and NPA for RSV between Xpert and SPOTFIRE was 98% and 92% respectively. CDC PCR assays performed on samples with discrepant results confirmed 3/13 Flu A, 24/33 SARS-CoV-2 and 9/15 RSV detections with 50% samples being missed with CT < 35. SPOTFIRE can detect 15 respiratory pathogens (including viruses and bacteria) and was positive for a virus in 220/250 (88%) samples. Additional viral targets  were detected either as single or co-detections . All samples with initial invalid results on Xpert , SPOTFIRE  and Cobas  were valid on re-testing. Total hands-on time  ranged between 1.13 minutes to 2.34 minutes for all assays.Table 1.Performance characteristics of SPOTFIRE Respiratory/Sore Throat (R/ST) Panel, Xpert\u00ae Xpress SARS-CoV-2/Flu/RSV assay and Cobas\u00ae SARS-CoV-2 & Influenza A/B assay for detection of Flu A, Flu B and SARS-CoV-2 *Samples tested negative for universal Flu A PCRs but positive for Flu A typing PCRs with >37 CT. NA \u2013 Not Applicable, TP \u2013 True positive, TN \u2013 True Negative, FP \u2013 False Positive, FN - False NegativeFigure 1.Detections of other respiratory viruses  on the SPOTFIRE platformAll 3 assays showed comparable performance ( >95% agreement) for Flu A and B detection; performance for SARS-CoV-2 and RSV detection varied, even for samples with high viral load. SPOTFIRE provides the advantage of detecting many respiratory pathogens. Overall, the assays were easy to perform with minimum technical skill.Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "LET is a CMV DNA terminase complex inhibitor approved for prophylaxis of CMV infection and disease in adult CMV-seropositive allogeneic HCT recipients. This study evaluated PK, safety and efficacy of LET for CMV prophylaxis in pediatric allogeneic HCT recipients.This was a Phase 2b, single-arm, multicenter, open-label study (NCT03940586). Participants (pts) from birth to < 18 years (y) were sequentially enrolled in 3 age groups (AG): AG1, 12 to < 18 y; AG2, 2 to < 12 y; AG3 < 2 y. All pts received LET orally (PO) or intravenously (IV) with/without cyclosporin A (CsA). Pediatric target exposures were based on model-predicted Phase 3 population simulations for adult HCT recipients, ranging from 16,900 ng.h/mL  to 147,800 ng.h/mL . PK parameters were determined by non-compartmental analysis . Safety was assessed by evaluation of adverse events.Of 63 pts administered LET, the majority were White (69.8%) and male (69.8%); median age of 11 (0\u201317) y; median weight of 32.4 (5.1\u201395.0) kg.PK : AG1  achieved exposures within safety margins of adult HCT pts. AG2 : 14 pts  who received LET alone achieved target range exposures; 2 pts who received IV LET with CsA had exposures slightly lower than target range. AG3 : 3 pts who received LET with CsA achieved exposures trending lower than median target. Therefore, LET dose was increased for 5 pts (< 10 kg and aged < 2 y) to achieve target range exposures.Safety (n=63): LET was well-tolerated with a safety profile similar to that observed in adults.Efficacy (n=56): The proportion of pts with clinically significant CMV infection (CMV disease/pre-emptive treatment for CMV viremia) through Week 24 post-HCT was similar (25%) to that seen in adults receiving LET in the Phase 3 study (37.5%).LET administration for CMV prophylaxis in pediatric HCT recipients at doses used in this study resulted in exposures within development program safety margins and was associated with similar safety and efficacy when compared with LET use in adult HCT recipients.Johannes H. Schulte, MD, The German Cancer Consortium (DKTK): Grant/Research Support Andreas H. Groll, MD, Amplyx: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: sered at the speakers\u2019 bureau|Basilea: Advisor/Consultant|Basilea: served at the speakers\u2019 bureau|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: served at the speakers\u2019 bureau|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: served at the speakers\u2019 bureau|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Grant/Research Support|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: served at the speakers\u2019 bureau|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: served at the speakers\u2019 bureau Valerie L. Teal, MS, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Wages and Salary made to Author|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Stocks/Bonds Barbara A. Haber, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Wages and Salary made to Author|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Stocks/Bonds Christopher L. Gilbert, n/a, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Wages and Salary made to Author|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Stocks/Bonds Jacqueline B. McCrea, PharmD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Wages and Salary made to Author|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Stocks/Bonds Mayankbhai Patel, PhD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Wages and Salary made to Author|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Stocks/Bonds Karsten Menzel, PhD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Wages and Salary made to Author|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Stocks/Bonds Cyrus Badshah, MD, PhD, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Wages and Salary made to Author|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing global concern. Novel antibiotics (ABXs) target resistant pathogens causing gram-negative (GN) bacterial infections. This study assesses the broader impact of novel ABX use on the US healthcare system, including preventing the onward spread of infections and reducing the level of high-threat AMR.A stochastic dynamic transmission model was developed to simulate the interaction between infection transmissibility, bacterial resistance development, and multiple lines of ABX. Included infection types were intra-abdominal infections, urinary tract infections and hospital-acquired /ventilator-associated pneumonia. Included AMR types were carbapenem-resistant and ESBL-producing enterobacterales (CRE and ESBLE), and multi-drug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP). The model has compartments for non-infected, colonized, or infected patients, with a sensitive or resistant strain in a US hospital. Infected patients receive antibiotics resulting in infection clearance or use of an alternate ABX class. Sensitive pathogens gain resistance due to drug pressure or conversely could lose resistance. Ordinary differential equations were used to estimate compartment membership. The primary data source was the Premier healthcare database . The model examined the potential reduction in AMR levels and avoided hospital infections, by comparing two scenarios: targeted use of novel ABX for specific AMR types and the status quo with limited novel ABX use.nd or 3rd line of treatment, compared to the status quo, it could result in a \u223c1.5% reduction in hospital infections and a change in CRE, ESBLE, and MDRP by \u22122.5%, \u22123.6%, and \u22122.1%, respectively, on an annual basis. The cumulative impact of novel ABXs over 5-10 years was much larger but subject to higher prediction uncertainty. The primary driver of results are infection clearance rates, risk of resistance gain on various ABX, and uptake of novel ABX.When even novel ABXs are reserved as the 2Targeted use of novel ABXs for resistant pathogens could lead to improved, earlier infection clearance with most types of infections and pathogens, thereby reducing infection transmission and rise of high-threat AMR in the long-term.Apoorva Ambavane, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc: Grant/Research Support Michal Litkiewicz, MSc, Merck & Co., Inc: Grant/Research Support Aditya Sardesai, MSc, CSL Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant|Merck & Co. Inc: Grant/Research Support|Merck & Co. Inc: Grant/Research Support Diana Teloian, MA, Merck & Co., Inc: Grant/Research Support Engels N. Obi, PhD, Merck & Co Inc: Employee Joe Yang, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc: Employee|Merck & Co., Inc: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics offer insights into clinical trajectories and immune responses. While research has explored SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics by variant and immune status, changes in population immunity make results difficult to interpret. Here, we examined SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics in a community-based cohort of immunologically na\u00efve adults.Unvaccinated adults 30 to 64 years of age without prior infection were followed for \u2264 72 weeks. Subjects submitted weekly nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR; if symptomatic or positive, swabs were collected every other day (up to 14 days). We examined RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) results from infections with sufficient data, defined as \u2265 3 swabs collected between \u201210 and 28 days of the peak Ct value with \u2265 1 Ct< 30. Bayesian hierarchical piecewise models were used to estimate viral kinetics by variant (classified by date) or first vs. second infections using data from peak swabs and those collected within \u00b13 days of another swab; if negative, Ct values were set to the detection limit and only the first of consecutive negatives were included.Sufficient data were available for 179/187 (96%) first SARS-CoV-2 infections, with 27 (15%) Delta, 132 (74%) Omicron BA.1/BA.2, and 20 (11%) Omicron BA.4/BA.5 infections. Of these, 35 (20%) subjects had a second infection while unvaccinated (32 [91%] sufficient data). Figure 1 shows Ct values and model predictions by variant or infection status. Lower mean peak Ct values were found for first vs. second infections , and suggested for Delta vs. Omicron BA.1/BA.2 infections . Delta had a shorter mean time to peak  and longer clearance  vs. Omicron BA.1/BA.2 infections; first infections had longer clearance  vs. second infections.Modeled estimates suggest Delta infections experienced higher viral loads, shorter time to peak, and longer clearance times compared with Omicron BA.1/BA.2. First infections had higher viral loads and longer clearance times vs. second infections. As population immunity is dynamic, characterizing viral kinetics among immunologically na\u00efve individuals is valuable to inform SARS-CoV-2 trajectories.Jim Boonyaratanakornkit, MD, PhD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|IgM Biosciences: Grant/Research Support|IgM Biosciences: Patent on antibodies to respiratory viruses|Vir Biotechnology: Grant/Research Support Michael J. Boeckh, MD PhD, Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Amazon: Grant/Research Support|Ansun: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant Alpana Waghmare, MD, Allovir: Grant/Research Support|Amazon: Grant/Research Support|Ansun Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline/Vir: Grant/Research Support|Kyorin Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Vir Biotechnology: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "During the 2010\u20132021 influenza seasons, vaccination coverage was below the 70% target for the United States at 33.4\u201358.6% among children and 50.2% among adults. The live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is currently approved for healthcare professional administration (HCPA); however, self- and home-administered LAIVs may provide an additional, effective option for vaccine administration, which could expand seasonal influenza vaccine accessibility. LAIV is a quadrivalent influenza vaccine administered intranasally, with comparable effectiveness to the inactivated influenza vaccine.[3] Broadening vaccine availability to multiple vaccination sites has been shown to increase vaccination rates by up to 22%.[4]Here we summarize the current evidence on self- and home-administered LAIV efficacy and safety, and potential applications for increasing community influenza vaccination accessibility.Publications evaluating the efficacy, safety, and practicality of self- and home-administered LAIV were identified from a literature search with the following search string: (live attenuated influenza vaccine OR LAIV) AND (home administration OR self administration OR self immuni*).Table), home administration was preferred by 64, 74, and 96% of participants. Sample sizes ranged from 41 children to 4561 patients receiving LAIV, with participants aged between 2.6 and 64 years old. A trial of 4561 patients comparing LAIV self- and home administration to HCPA groups found similar effectiveness against influenza-like illness, immunogenicity, and adverse events post-vaccination.In three studies comparing LAIV self- and home administration to HCPA :6337-6343.[3] Bandell A et al. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2020;7(Suppl 1):S709.[4] Ipsos. Expanding flu vaccine access.Ravi Jhaveri, MD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|AliOS: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|MedImmune: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Saol Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant Allyn R. Bandell, PharmD, AstraZeneca: employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased respiratory viral testing for patients presenting with acute respiratory infection (ARI). Electronic health record (EHR) data from these visits can be used to assess influenza and COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE). We compared VE data from participating healthcare institutions with VE against medically attended influenza among systematically tested patients actively enrolled in the US Flu VE Network.During the 2021-2022 influenza season, seven sites in the US Flu VE Network identified medically attended episodes of ARI in ambulatory settings based on ICD-10 diagnostic codes and clinical influenza and SARS-CoV-2 testing. Influenza status was determined from the clinical test results. Vaccination status was extracted from the EHR. During the same period, patients with ARI presenting at ambulatory clinics were actively enrolled and tested for influenza. VE and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated comparing the odds of vaccination among influenza-positive versus influenza-negative patients using logistic regression models controlling for age, site, and calendar time.During the 2021-2022 season, 220,162 medical visits for ARI with clinical testing were identified; 2% of tests were influenza positive, 26% were SARS-CoV-2 positive and 73% were negative for both. Overall, 34% of influenza positive and 42% of influenza negative patients had received influenza vaccines; VE using EHR data was 34% [95% CI 29-38]. Among 6,260 enrolled patients, 7% tested positive for influenza, 34% were SARS-CoV-2 positive and 62% were negative for both. Overall, 42% of influenza positive and 59% of influenza negative patients had received influenza vaccines. VE using enrolled patient data was 36% [95% CI 20-49]. VE using EHR data was 35%, 34%, and 6% for patients aged 6 months-17 years, 18-49, and 50+ years versus 40%, 32%, and 10% for enrolled patients.EHR based influenza VE estimates were similar to estimates from the US Flu VE study. Through continued widespread clinical testing, EHR-based platforms may present opportunities to assess VE in sub-groups with insufficient sample size in active surveillance.MaryPatricia Nowalk, PhD, RDN, Merck & Co.: Grant/Research Support|Merck & Co.: Honoraria|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support Emily T. Martin, PhD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support Edward Belongia, MD, Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Carlos G. Grijalva, MD, MPH, AHRQ: Grant/Research Support|CDC: Grant/Research Support|FDA: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Syneos Health: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Cabotegravir + rilpivirine (CAB+RPV) injections, the first complete long-acting (LA) antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen, was approved by the FDA in January 2021 for ART-experienced people with HIV (PWH) who are virologically suppressed . We assessed the virologic effectiveness of CAB+RPV LA among ART-experienced individuals with VL < 50 copies/mL at initiation in the first 2 years of use in the OPERA\u00ae Cohort, stratified by body mass index (BMI).2).All ART-experienced adults with VL< 50 copies/mL at initiation who received \u2265 1 CAB+RPV LA injection for the first time between 21Jan2021 and 28Feb2023 were followed until 25Mar2023. Individuals on either monthly or every 2-month injection schedules were included. Discontinuation was defined as a regimen switch or 2 consecutive missed injections. VLs were monitored from first injection until CAB+RPV discontinuation, death, or study end. Confirmed virologic failure (CVF) was defined as 2 consecutive VLs \u2265 200 copies/mL or 1 VL \u2265 200 copies/mL followed by discontinuation. Results were stratified by BMI at first injection (< 30 vs. \u2265 30 kg/mAll 1843 PWH who received CAB+RPV injections were ART-experienced at start and 1578 (86%) had VL < 50 copies/mL at initiation. Of the 1578 suppressed, 267 (17%) were women, 654 (41%) were Black, 451 (29%) were Hispanic, and 469 (30%) had a BMI of \u2265 30; median age was 40  years (Table 1). Among those with CAB+RPV dose available, 1297 (84%) remained on CAB+RPV LA over a median follow-up of 7.4  months at study end. Among 1323 with VLs after first injection, the last VL measured was < 200 copies/mL in 99% (n=1305) and < 50 copies/mL in 94% (n=1237) (Table 2); all follow-up VLs were < 200 copies/mL in 96% (n=1272), and < 50 copies/mL in 84% (n=1115). Regardless of BMI, virologic suppression was maintained by \u2265 98% of individuals and only 1% experienced CVF over follow-up (Table 2).In this real-world cohort of PWH in the United States who received CAB+RPV LA injections, observations from the first 2 years suggest that this regimen is effective among individuals virologically suppressed at initiation. Furthermore, the regimen is consistently effective among those with high BMI.Michael Sension, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Grant/Research Support|Viiv: Honoraria Ricky K. Hsu, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Honoraria|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Honoraria Jennifer S. Fusco, BS, Epividian, Inc.: Salary|Epividian, Inc.: Ownership Interest|Epividian, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Laurence Brunet, PhD, Epividian, Inc.: Salary|Epividian, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Gayathri Sridhar, MBBS, MPH, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Full Time Employee Vani Vannappagari, MBBS, MPH, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Jean A. van Wyk, MBChB, MFPM, ViiV Healthcare Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Michael B. Wohlfeiler, JD, MD, AAHIVS, ViiV Healthcare: Serves as a PI on clinical trials, but does not receive personal compensation for this work  Gregory P. Fusco, MD, MPH, Epividian, Inc.: Board Member|Epividian, Inc.: Ownership Interest|Epividian, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is associated with significant morbidity. Management includes surgery and prolonged antibiotic treatment. Few studies have evaluated rates of acquired antimicrobial resistance in bacteria causing PJI. The aim of this study was to describe antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacteria causing PJI and to assess whether there was any apparent association between acquired resistance and clinical outcome.Patients at Mayo Clinic with first episodes of knee or hip PJI whose implants underwent sonication between January 2012 and December 2021 were studied. Sonicate fluid cultures from cement spacers or cultures yielding more than one microorganism were excluded. PJI was defined according to IDSA guidelines. Multidrug resistance was defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial classes. Outcomes of PJI recurrence, need for further surgery with negative cultures or cultures yielding a new microorganism and amputation were assessed, within one year. Analysis was performed using SAS software version 9.4 (SAS Inc).S. epidermidis (n=82) and S. aureus (n=50), of which 68% and 30%, respectively, were methicillin resistant. Streptococci, Enterococci, Enterobacterales, and P. aeruginosa were found in 34,16, 8 and 3 cases; none were multidrug-resistant. No differences in PJI recurrence within one year were found in subjects with methicillin-resistant compared to methicillin-susceptible staphylococci , need for further surgery with negative cultures  or with cultures yielding a new microorganism , or amputation .256 PJI episodes were evaluated, 55% from knees and 45% from hips. Median patient age was 66 years, 52% were men. Resistance profiles are shown in the table. The most frequent microorganisms isolated were S. epidermidis with methicillin resistance found in 68% and multidrug resistance in 28%.Acquired antimicrobial resistance in PJI was most common in Matthew P Abdel, MD, OsteoRemedies: Royalties|Springer: Publishing royalties|Stryker: Royalties reltated to hip and knee implants Robin Patel, MD, Abbott Laboratories: Advisor/Consultant|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Mayo Clinic has a royalty-bearing know-how agreement and equity in Adaptive Phage Therapeutics.|BIOFIRE: Grant/Research Support|CARB-X: Advisor/Consultant|ContraFect: Grant/Research Support|Day Zero Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Advisor/Consultant|Mammoth Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Netflix: Advisor/Consultant|Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Advisor/Consultant|PhAST: Advisor/Consultant|See details: Patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis PCR issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic|See details: continued, patent on an anti-biofilm substance issued|TenNor Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Torus Biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|Trellis Bioscience, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) allows patients to complete intravenous (IV) or high risk oral medications outside the acute inpatient setting. Data regarding OPAT in patients with immunocompromise (PWIC) are sparse. PWIC represent a vulnerable population due to underlying comorbidities. This study evaluated OPAT clinical outcomes in PWIC at an academic medical center.This was a retrospective chart review of adult PWIC enrolled in our OPAT program between 1/2015-3/2023. Immunocompromising conditions included HIV/AIDS, stem cell or solid organ transplant, hematologic malignancy, solid tumor, or receipt of immunosuppressing medications. All patients were under the care of an immunocompromised ID specialist. Data collected included patient demographics, infection information, and OPAT outcomes including completion rates, readmission rates, OPAT failure, and death. OPAT failure was defined as death, 30-day infection-related readmission or 30-day OPAT-related complication. This study was exempt by the Institutional Review Board.50 patients were included. Demographics are in Table 1. Most (68%) patients completed OPAT therapy in the home, with 82% of courses being IV-only. Most (72%) patients received 1 antimicrobial agent, but 20% received 2 and 8% received 3 agents. The most common agents were daptomycin, ertapenem, and vancomycin.Staphylococci the most prevalent. Cytomegalovirus was the reason for OPAT in 4 patients.Infection information is in Table 2. Bloodstream infections and osteomyelitis were the most common. Most (82%) patients had an organism identified: 51% were Gram positive, with OPAT outcomes are in Table 3. OPAT failure occurred in 9 patients, including 1 death and 8 OPAT-related readmissions. Most (68%) patients completed the OPAT course within the specified time. Hospital readmissions were common: 46% had at least 1 readmission, though most readmissions were unrelated to OPAT. Vascular device issues and adverse drug reactions occurred in 12% and 20%, respectively.OPAT can be safely performed in PWIC with completion and complication rates comparable to non-immunocompromised cohorts. We observed high hospital readmission rates (46%) though a minority of readmissions were due to OPAT related issues.Monica V. Mahoney, PharmD, BCPS, BCIDP, FCCP, FIDSA, FIDP, BD Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Open Forum Infectious Diseases: Board Member|Open Forum Infectious Diseases: Associate Editor|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant Carolyn D. Alonso, MD, Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning: Honoraria|AiCuris: Advisor/Consultant|American Society of Healthcare Pharmacists: Honoraria|Cidara Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Clinical Care Options: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Immunosuppressed patients and those experiencing complicated UTIs are more susceptible to misdiagnosis by outdated standard of care (SOC) diagnostics; resulting in ineffective treatment and risk of severe complications. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing can act as a highly accurate tool in profiling urogenital pathogens in high-risk patients. We assessed the performance of a genomic-based urine assay in patients where the SOC failed to identify pathogens and compiled clinical metadata from medical records to evaluate if antimicrobial stewardship could be improved.Culture negative (no growth or < 100k CFU/mL) urine specimens (n=140) were collected from patients with pyuria and UTI symptoms then processed with the BIOTIA-ID Urine NGS Assay including DNA extraction, library preparation, Illumina NextSeq sequencing and analysis by BIOTIA-DX to identify urogenital pathogens. Findings were correlated with clinical metadata and administered antimicrobial therapies .Our assay yielded an average of 2M microbial reads per sample with 98.6% passing laboratory QC. Microbial species were detected in 82.6% of the culture-negative specimens, of which 36.8% were single organisms and 45.6% were polymicrobial infections. Different pathogen profiles were distinguished based on prior antibiotic use, catheterization, or specific comorbidities . 50% of septic patients showed single organism infections, while cancer patients had higher incidence of polymicrobial infections (52%). Higher prevalence of fungal infections (20%) were observed in catheterized patients, and those with prior antibiotic therapy within 30 days. Retrospective evaluation revealed 63% prescribed antimicrobials would not target the organisms detected. Further, 57% of the cases could have potentially de-escalated their treatment.High-risk patients frequently harbor atypical pathogens leading to inaccurate SOC testing and ineffective therapeutics. Genomic-based diagnostics may improve accuracy of urogenital pathogen detection and offer physicians precision therapeutics with better health outcomes while enhancing antimicrobial stewardship.Tiara Rivera, B.S., Biotia Inc.: Research Staff Sol Rey, BS, Biotia Inc: Researcher-Staff Xavier O. Jirau Serrano, MS, Biotia Inc: Research and development staff John C. Papciak, BS, Biotia Inc.: Staff Suraj S. Patel, n/a, Biotia Inc.: staff Bridget Harrison, B.A., Biotia Inc.: Clinical Program Manager- Staff Caitlin Otto, PhD, D(ABMM), Biotia Inc.: Staff Chris Mason, Ph.D., Biotia: Board Member|Biotia: Stocks/Bonds Heather L. Wells, MPH, PhD Candidate, Biotia, Inc.: Employee David C. Danko, Ph.D., Biotia Inc: Stocks/Bonds Niamh B. O'Hara, PhD, Biotia: Board Member|Biotia: 2 patents|Biotia: Ownership Interest|Biotia: Stocks/Bonds Mara Couto-Rodriguez, MS, Biotia Inc: Employee Dorottya Nagy-Szakal, MD PhD, Biotia Inc.: Employee|Biotia Inc.: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato strains expressing OspA serotypes 1-6. Background incidence rates (IRs) of health outcomes in Lyme disease endemic and non-endemic regions of the US may help to contextualize whether the frequencies of events reported during vaccine clinical trials or post-marketing are consistent with expected population level rates. The objective of this study was to estimate and compare IRs of health outcomes in Lyme disease endemic vs. non-endemic regions using US administrative claims data.A 6-valent vaccine (VLA15) is being tested in clinical trials for the prevention of Lyme disease caused by \u00ae Plus commercial claims database was used to estimate IRs of 63 outcomes relevant to vaccine safety monitoring in the US during 01/01/2017-12/31/2019. Endemic regions were classified using 3-digit zip codes that overlapped with Lyme disease high incidence counties  according to the CDC. Analyses included all individuals aged \u2265 2 years with \u2265 1 year of enrollment. Outcomes were defined by ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes according to the literature or expert input and required \u2265 1 inpatient or \u2265 2 outpatient claims/codes. Crude IRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each outcome and compared between endemic vs. non-endemic regions using IR ratios (IRR).IQVIA PharMetricsTable 1 provides a summary of the IRs and IRRs for the 10 highest and 10 lowest ranking IRRs for health conditions by endemic region status. IRRs (95% CI) ranged from a low of 0.74  for systemic lupus erythematosus to a high of 2.14  for meningoencephalitis.The study population included 8.7M in endemic and 27.8M in non-endemic regions. Mean age was slightly higher in endemic (37.7 yrs [SD=18.9]) vs. non-endemic (36.8 yrs [SD=19.5]) cohorts, and 51% in both cohorts were female. This study identified potential differences between Lyme endemic and non-endemic regions of the US in background IRs of health conditions in vaccine safety monitoring. Differences in background IRs between endemic and non-endemic regions should be considered when contextualizing possible safety signals in clinical trials and post-marketing.Jill Dreyfus, PhD, MPH, Pfizer, Inc.: Employment|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Swapna Munnangi, PhD, IQVIA: Employment Camilla Bengtsson, PhD, IQVIA: Employment|Pfizer, Inc: Advisor/Consultant Barbara Correia, PhD, IQVIA: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant Rejane Figueiredo, PhD, IQVIA: Biostatistician Sarah Galvin, BS, Pfizer, Inc.: Employment James H. Stark, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Michele Zawora, MD, FAAFP, Pfizer: Employment|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Mark Riddle, MD, DrPH, Pfizer: Employee salary Jason Maguire, MD, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Qin Jiang, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Juan Naredo Turrado, MS, IQVIA: Employee Steven Bailey, MD, MPH, MBA, Pfizer, Inc.: Employment"}
{"text": "Inappropriate antibiotic prescribing continues to be an issue in the United States (US) despite a decline in prescription rate overall. Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) often requires medical attention but is generally managed conservatively. We describe antibiotic use among children with AGE in two healthcare settings.Clostridioides difficile detections were excluded due to high colonization rates in this group. A 20-point modified Vesikari score was calculated to categorize AGE severity .Children aged < 5 years with AGE were enrolled from December 2011-August 2021 at 7 New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) sites across the US. Inpatients (IP) and emergency department (ED) patients with diarrhea (\u22653 episodes) and/or vomiting (\u22651 episode) within 24 hours, without history of noninfectious diarrhea or immunodeficiency were included. Stools were collected within 10 days of symptom onset and tested for enteric pathogens by validated molecular methods. Antibiotic use during AGE visit was collected via medical chart abstraction; antibiotic use was mostly empiric and not driven by test results. Children < 2 years with Enteropathogenic E. coli .Among 21,194 enrolled children , median IP age was 14 months (IQR 5-28) and ED age 18 months (IQR 9-32). Most were male (IP and ED=54%) and white (IP=61% and ED=43%). Antibiotic use for AGE was noted in 994 (26%) IP and 765 (4%) ED cases; the majority were infants  and had severe AGE . Fever was more common among antibiotic recipients versus non-recipients . Antibiotic use across study years was low in ED (2-10%) but higher in IP (19-31%) . Among tested antibiotic recipients, the predominant pathogens detected were norovirus  and rotavirus  without bacterial codetection, and Overall antibiotic use for AGE among enrolled children was low but was higher among IP, especially in infants and those with severe AGE. Antibiotic use for viral AGE in both ED and IP settings highlights the need to improve antibiotic stewardship among children with AGE.Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support Christopher J. Harrison, MD, GSK: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: donation of kits|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: vaccine support Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD, Merck & Co: Honoraria Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Mary A. Staat, MD, MPH, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Up-To-Date: Honoraria John V. Williams, MD, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidel: Board Member Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-022-12134-3, published online 17 May 2022Correction to: The Acknowledgements section in the original version of this Article was incomplete. It now reads:\u201cThe authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the following projects: H2020-MSCA-RISE-2017, CanBioSe 778157 (II), SONATA BIS 6 National Science Centre, Poland, under research Grant Number 2016/22/E/ST3/00458 , National Centre for Research and Development under grant NanoHEART/2021 , and Ministry of Education and Science SPUB\u201441/E-336/SPUB/SP/2019 . The authors would like to thank Katarzyna Staszak from Poznan University of Technology for her help in performing Zn release studies.\u201dThe original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs) involves implementation of numerous steps including ultraclean air in the operating room (OR). Despite all efforts, particles in the room air may exist and some of these particles may be live pathogens that can potentially cause subsequent SSI. This prospective study aimed to determine and compare the nature and quantity of microbes in the operating room, as detected from the inlet flow of an ultraviolet filtration unit, and the efficacy of the unit to remove particles and creating clean room air (the outlet flow).This prospective study was conducted at a single institution, where primary total joint arthroplasty and spine surgeries were performed. The OR was fitted with a positive ventilation system. In addition, a filtration unit with a crystalline ultraviolet unit (C-UVC) was placed in the OR. The inflow and outflow air from the unit was sampled using specialized swabs at the beginning and at conclusion of each procedure. Additional surgical-related variables were also recorded at each time of sampling. Swabs were processed for culture and Next-Generation Sequencing.Operating room floor planThe filtration unit with ultraviolet-C light is represented with a red rectangle and doors (source of contamination) are represented by dark gray rectangles.Air flow and air swabs collection.The mean length of the surgical procedures sampled was 68 \u00b1 13 minutes. Overall, 19 out of 200 (9.5%) swabs isolated microorganisms. Inflow swabs were positive at a higher rate , compared to the outcoming air swabs. A wide variety of Gram-positive, Gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria, and fungi (only in the inflow swabs) were isolated. The detection of microorganisms was also higher in surgical procedures with a higher number of door openings .Surgical-related variables collected at air swab sampling.Microorganisms are present in the operating room air. A specialized filtration unit with a C-UVC light was effective in filtering these microorganisms in the majority of cases.Javad Parvizi, MD, FRCS, 3M: Grant/Research Support|Acumed, LLC: Stocks/Bonds|Aesculap: Grant/Research Support|Alphaeon: Stocks/Bonds|AO Spine: Stocks/Bonds|Becton Dickenson: Advisor/Consultant|Biomet: Grant/Research Support|Cardinal Health: Advisor/Consultant|Cempra: Grant/Research Support|CeramTec: Grant/Research Support|Ceribell: Stocks/Bonds|Coracoid: Stocks/Bonds|Corentec: Advisor/Consultant|Datatrace: Grant/Research Support|DePuy: Grant/Research Support|Elsevier: Grant/Research Support|Elute: Stocks/Bonds|Ethicon: Advisor/Consultant|Hip Innovation Technology: Stocks/Bonds|Illuminus: Stocks/Bonds|Integra: Grant/Research Support|Intellijoint: Stocks/Bonds|Jaypee Publishers: Grant/Research Support|KCI / 3M (Acelity): Advisor/Consultant|Lima: Grant/Research Support|MicroGenDx: Advisor/Consultant|Molecular Surface Technologies: Stocks/Bonds|Myoscience: Grant/Research Support|Nanooxygenic: Stocks/Bonds|National Institutes of Health (NIAMS & NICHD): Grant/Research Support|NDRI: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Grant/Research Support|OREF: Grant/Research Support|Orthospace: Grant/Research Support|Osteal: Stocks/Bonds|Parvizi Surgical Innovations and Subsidiaries: Stocks/Bonds|Peptilogic: Stocks/Bonds|Peptilogics: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|PRN-Veterinary: Grant/Research Support|Rotation Medical: Grant/Research Support|Simplify Medical: Grant/Research Support|SLACK Incorporated: Grant/Research Support|Smith & Nephew: Grant/Research Support|Sonata: Stocks/Bonds|Stelkast: Grant/Research Support|Stryker: Grant/Research Support|Synthes: Grant/Research Support|Tenor: Advisor/Consultant|TissueGene: Grant/Research Support|Tornier: Grant/Research Support|Wolters Kluwer Health - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Grant/Research Support|Zimmer Biomet: Advisor/Consultant|Zimmer Biomet: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for better data to understand how ventilation may impact respiratory virus transmission. We evaluated if there was an association between respiratory viruses detected in school room air samples and nasal swabs from students/ staff in the same room.We performed air and respiratory sampling to detect respiratory viruses at 3 time points between Feb 27 - Mar 28, 2023 in 2 elementary schools. Three classrooms, a multipurpose room, and school nurse\u2019s office in each school had 1 air sample/ room collected using Thermo Scientific AerosolSense\u2122 sampler during 8 school hours. Concomitant respiratory viral testing, using self-collected nasal swabs, was performed in students/ staff enrolled in a respiratory virus surveillance school testing program. Air and respiratory specimens were tested for adenovirus (AdV); coronaviruses (CoV) 229E, HKU1, NL63, OC43; human metapneumovirus (hMPV), influenza A and B (Flu), parainfluenza virus 1-4 (PIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), rhinovirus/ enterovirus (RV/EV), and SARS-CoV-2 using the Hologic\u00ae Panther Fusion\u00ae Respiratory Assay. Detected respiratory viruses in room air and respiratory samples were compared to determine likelihood of capturing current human respiratory viral infections in room air and additional viruses circulating from unsampled students/ staff in the same room. RV and AdV in human respiratory samples were typed by partial genomic sequencing to understand if viruses were similar.Ten rooms, including 6 classrooms with \u224825 people/ room, were sampled at 3 occasions. At least 1 respiratory virus was detected in 27/ 30 (90%) air samples. 59 samples were obtained from 20 students and 5 staff in these rooms; 24 (41%) were positive for \u22651 virus and 11/24 (46%) rooms with concomitant air and respiratory samples had the same viruses detected (Table). RV typing demonstrates that both participants from Room E, Round 1 and 2 had RV-B27. Both participants from Room F, Round 2 with single AdV infections had AdV B3.Concomitant respiratory virus surveillance in air samples and students/ staff can be performed to better understand the role of ventilation and respiratory virus transmission. Additional studies, including sequencing data and symptom assessment, are needed.Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) in older adults. The search for an effective RSV vaccine was hindered by poor functional immunogenicity of early vaccine candidates that did not have F antigens stabilized in the prefusion state. RSVpreF, Pfizer\u2019s bivalent stabilized prefusion F subunit vaccine candidate containing preF antigens against two major RSV subgroups (A and B), elicited robust neutralizing responses in phase 1/2 studies.The RSV Vaccine Efficacy Study in Older Adults Immunized Against RSV Disease (RENOIR) is a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study evaluating vaccine efficacy (VE) to prevent LRTI in adults \u226560 years of age over two RSV seasons (NCT05035212). Participants were randomly assigned (1:1 ratio) to receive a single intramuscular injection of RSVpreF at a dose of 120\u03bcg or placebo. The study demonstrated a VE of 88.9% for LRTI-RSV with \u22653 symptoms at the end of the first RSV season. A secondary objective was to describe the immune responses induced by RSVpreF following vaccination. The immunogenicity subset included 1150 participants enrolled from sites in the United States and Japan.Here we report the immunogenicity results one month after RSVpreF vaccination. The neutralization titer geometric mean fold rises (GMFRs) ranged from 11.6 to 12.7 for RSV A and B, respectively, and GMFRs for combined RSV A/B neutralizing responses ranged from 12.0 to 13.0 for subgroups stratified by age . RSV A/B GMFRs in participants with prespecified chronic conditions were similar to or higher than those without, with 11.4, 13.0 and 14.8, respectively, for subgroups stratified based on none, at least one prespecified chronic medical condition or at least one chronic cardiopulmonary condition.RSV Neutralizing GMTs Before and 1 Month Postvaccination 1 and Subgroup AnalysisHigh RSV neutralizing titers were observed one month after RSVpreF vaccination in adults 60 years and older, consistent with prior phase 1/2 studies. The study further shows similarly robust responses across age subgroups and baseline chronic conditions. Although there is no established correlate of protection, these high antibody responses corresponded with high RSVpreF VE in the first RSV season.Agnieszka Zareba, MD PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Qin Jiang, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Daniel P. Eiras, MD, MPH, Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Michael Patton, B.Sc., Pfizer Inc.: Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Kumar Ilangovan, MD, MSPH, MMCi, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Elliot N. DeHaan, MD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Tarek Mikati, MD,MPH, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Elena Kalinina, PhD, Pfizer: Pfizer employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds David Cooper, PhD, Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Kenneth Koury, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Annaliesa S. Anderson, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Kena A. Swanson, Ph.D., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds William C. Gruber, MD, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Alejandra C. Gurtman, M.D., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Beate Schmoele-Thoma, MD, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Ceftobiprole is being developed for the treatment of patients with S. aureus bacteremia (SAB). Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) relationships for efficacy were evaluated using data from ceftobiprole-treated patients with SAB from the ERADICATE Phase 3 study .Ceftobiprole medocaril is an intravenously (IV) administered cephalosporin prodrug that is rapidly converted S. aureus and PK data were considered. On Days 1-8, patients received ceftobiprole 500 mg IV every 6 hours followed by 500 mg IV every 8 hours on Day 9 and onwards with dose adjustment for renal impairment. Using a population PK model and PK data from patients, ceftobiprole free-drug plasma %T >MIC on Days 1 and 10 were determined. Univariable relationships between the dichotomous or time-to-event efficacy endpoints summarized in Table 1 and each of Days 1 or 10 free-drug plasma %T >MIC and baseline MIC were evaluated.Ceftobiprole-treated patients in the modified Intent-to-Treat (mITT) populations of Cohorts 1 and 2  with an MIC value for the baseline Table 2. As shown in Table 3, nearly all patients achieved Days 1 and 10 ceftobiprole free-drug plasma %T > MIC \u2265 97.9%. Given this distribution, the evaluation of associations with efficacy endpoints was limited. There was no substantial evidence of relationships between either increased free-drug plasma %T > MIC or reduced baseline MIC and increased efficacy among the endpoints assessed. All patients achieved free-drug plasma %T > MIC that exceeded the non-clinical free-drug plasma %T > MIC target of 24.7% associated with a 1-log10 CFU reduction from baseline for S. aureus.A summary of response for efficacy endpoints among the 172 evaluable patients with SAB is provided in Results of these analyses did not demonstrate relationships between either ceftobiprole free-drug plasma %T > MIC or baseline MIC and response. Given the favorable Phase 3 ERADICATE study findings of ceftobiprole non-inferiority relative to daptomycin, these data suggested that ceftobiprole exposures were efficacious and provide support for the ceftobiprole dosing regimens evaluated.Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Jeffrey P. Hammel, MS, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Kathryn Liolios, MA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Anthony P. Cammarata, M.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Mikael Saulay, MSc, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Full time employee|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds Christopher M. Rubino, PharmD, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Marc Engelhardt, MD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Jennifer Smart, PhD, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds Mark E. Jones, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Paul G. Ambrose, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Karine Litherland, Ph.D., Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Full time employee|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile exhibits phenotypic resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. Associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are commonly transferred via mobile genetic elements, which often carry distinct ARG groupings. Increases in vancomycin non-susceptible C. difficile have been reported and understanding associated trends in ARG co-carriage are critical for strain transmission dynamics. Here we aimed to determine C. difficile resistome patterns associated with vancomycin non-susceptibility (NS).C. difficile isolated from adult patients hospitalized with C. difficile infection in two health systems  in the Houston Area between 2016\u201318. Isolates were ribotyped by fluorescent PCR and susceptibility tested by agar dilution in accordance with CLSI standards. Vancomycin NS was defined by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) > 2 mg/L. Genome assembly and analysis was completed through The Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC) web resources.Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed (Illumina NextSeq 500) on Overall, 36% (13/36) of the cohort was vancomycin NS. The most common ribotypes were F106 (n=13), F027 (n=10), and F014-020 (n=7). Median ARG abundance was 46 (IQR 45 \u2013 49) and included genes encoding targeted and non-specific  resistance. Specific antibiotics/classes targeted by identified ARGs included aminoglycosides, daptomycin, diaminopyrimidines, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, glycopeptides, isoniazid, lincosamides, macrolides, nitroimidazoles, oxazolidinones, rifamycins, streptogramins, and sulfonamides. Median ARG abundance did not differ between vancomycin NS (46.5 genes) and susceptible (46 genes) isolates and no differences in ARG patterns were observed. ARG abundance and patterns were similar amongst ribotypes.C. difficile vancomycin non-susceptibility did not correlate with increased ARG abundance or any distinct ARG patterns. Future studies investigating interactions and implications of the C. difficile resistome on the microbiome and host are warranted.Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, PharmD, BCIDP, Cidara Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Personal Fees|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Seres Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support Kevin W. Garey, PharmD, MS, Acurx: Grant/Research Support|Ferring: Advisor/Consultant|Paratek: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "In patients with candidemia, evaluation for disseminated disease with ophthalmological exam and diagnostic imaging is recommended but not standardized. This study sought to describe practice patterns in the diagnostic evaluation for disseminated disease after candidemia and identify risk factors associated with disseminated candidiasis to improve local management.Candida spp. from a sterile site besides blood. Mixed-effects logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for disseminated disease.A retrospective study of all episodes of candidemia diagnosed in patients < 25 years from 2013-2022 at Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center reported clinical characteristics, microbiology data, and diagnostic testing for dissemination. Disseminated candidiasis was defined as an ophthalmologic exam, echocardiogram or other imaging findings consistent with candidiasis or growth of 144 episodes of candidemia occurred in 124 patients , with C. albicans (35%) the most commonly identified species . 107/144 (74.3%) episodes underwent evaluation for disseminated candidiasis, with dissemination in 27/107 (25.2%). Of patients with only 1 positive culture, 5/34 (14.7%) had disseminated candidiasis compared to 22/73 (30.1%) with more than 1 positive culture . Ophthalmologic exams and echocardiograms were done in < 70% of workups . History of prematurity  and solid organ transplantation  were associated with disseminated candidiasis when controlling for age, sex, underlying disease, and initial antifungal treatment. Each additional day of candidemia significantly increased the odds of dissemination .In this single-center study, most patients with candidemia underwent diagnostic evaluation, though the extent varied. Disseminated disease was common. Prematurity and history of solid organ transplantation were independent risk factors for dissemination as was each additional day of candidemia. Patients with any candidemia should undergo evaluation for dissemination. Multicenter studies are needed to determine the optimal diagnostic evaluation in these high-risk patient groups.Grant C. Paulsen, MD, Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Lara A. Danziger-Isakov, MD, MPH, Aicuris: Contracted Clinical Research|Ansun Biopharma: Contracted Clinical Research|Astellas: Contracted Clinical Research|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Contracted Clinical Research|Pfizer: Contracted Clinical Research|Roche Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Contracted Clinical Research William R. Otto, MD, MSCE, Moderna: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has become one of the major gram-negative pathogens causing nosocomial infections. However, comprehensive analysis of the clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of patients with S. maltophilia remains limited.S. maltophilia were collected from April 2019 to March 2022 through the Multi-Drug Resistant organisms clinical research network (MDRnet), consisting of 12 tertiary care hospitals in Japan. The clinical characteristics, outcomes, antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular epidemiology of cases with S. maltophilia colonization and infection were investigated and compared.All patients with a clinical culture growing In total, 78 cases, 44 with colonization and 34 with infection, were included. The median age was 72.5 years (IQR: 61\u201378), and males accounted for 53 cases (67.9%). The most common comorbidity was localized solid malignancy (38.5%). Almost half of the patients (43.6%) were immunosuppressed, and the most common reason was antineoplastic chemotherapy (30.8%). Respiratory tract was the most common site of colonization (86.4%), whereas bacteremia accounted for more than half of infection cases (55.9%). The overall 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 20.5%, which was significantly higher in infection cases than in colonization cases . Susceptibility rates to ceftazidime, levofloxacin, minocycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were 14.1%, 65.2%, 87.2%, and 100%, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing of the 78 strains revealed that they belonged to 62 different sequence types (STs), of which 42 were known STs and 36 were novel STs.Kaplan-Meier survival analysisS. maltophilia frequently colonizes the respiratory tract, and the mortality is significantly higher in infection cases. Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim remains active, but susceptibility to levofloxacin appear to be declining. The strains were genetically highly diverse, consistent with the likely environmental origin.Masahiro Suzuki, PhD, KANTO Chemical co., inc.: Grant/Research Support Sho Saito, MD, PhD, Shionogi & Company, Limited: Grant/Research Support Yasufumi Matsumara, MD, PhD, Beckman Coulter: Grant/Research Support|Presicion System Science: Grant/Research Support|Toyobo: Grant/Research Support David van Duin, MD, PhD, Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria|Qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Union: Advisor/Consultant|Utility: Advisor/Consultant Yohei Doi, MD, PhD, bioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|FujiFilm: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Meiji Seika Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Honoraria|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Fostemsavir (FTR), the prodrug of the first-in-class attachment inhibitor temsavir, is indicated in combination with other antiretrovirals (ARVs) for heavily-treatment experienced (HTE) people with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 unable to construct suppressive regimens. After \u223c5 years in the phase 3 BRIGHTE study, overall virologic response rate  with FTR + optimized background therapy (OBT) was 45% (120/267) in the Randomized Cohort (RC) and 22% (20/92) in the Non-Randomized Cohort (NRC). We present long-term efficacy of FTR + OBT among subgroups in BRIGHTE.BRIGHTE included HTE adults with HIV-1 (N=371) failing their current ARV regimen (HIV-1 RNA > 400 c/mL) with \u2264 2 fully active and approved ARVs remaining. Participants with 1 or 2 ARVs entered the RC and received open-label FTR + OBT after an 8-day blinded placebo-controlled period; those with 0 ARVs entered the NRC and received open-label FTR + OBT from Day 0. Virologic and immunologic responses were analyzed by baseline (BL) demographics and disease characteristics.3 in all RC subgroups, including those with BL viral loads \u2265 100,000 c/mL or CD4+ T-cell counts < 20 cells/mm3 (Table 2).Of 371 participants , 290 (78%) were male, 166 (45%) were aged \u2265 50 years, and 259 (70%) were White. Virologic response rates were generally comparable among subgroups and consistent with overall response rate (Table 1). Similar efficacy was observed in RC participants with 1 or 2 fully active ARVs in OBT, while both RC and NRC participants with high BL viral loads or low BL CD4+ T-cell counts had lower response rates. Nearly all subgroups demonstrated robust and continuous increases in CD4+ T-cell count from Weeks 96 to 240, with mean change from BL exceeding 200 cells/mmVirologic response with FTR + OBT in HTE adults with advanced HIV-1 and limited treatment options was durable over \u223c5 years, with no major differences among subgroups based on age, sex, race, or geographic region. Robust and continuous CD4+ T-cell increases were also observed, with numerically greater improvements in subgroups with lowest BL CD4+ T-cell counts. These data highlight the role of FTR as a treatment option for HTE people with multidrug-resistant HIV-1 regardless of demographic or disease characteristics.Alftan Dyson, PharmD, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employment Judith A. Aberg, MD, Emergent BioSolutions: Institutional research grants|Frontier Technologies: Institutional research grants|Gilead: Institutional research grants|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Institutional research grants|Janssen: Institutional research grants|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Institutional research grants|Pfizer: Institutional research grants|Regeneron: Institutional research grants|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Institutional research grants Jean-Michel Molina, MD; PhD, Aelix: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant Isabel Cassetti, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Institutional research grants|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Institutional research grants|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Institutional research grants|ViiV Healthcare: Institutional research grants Michael Kozal, MD, ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Royalties/Licenses for chapters authored for UpToDate Bo Li, PhD, GSK: Employment|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Manyu Prakash, PhD, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Andrew Clark, MD, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Allan R. Tenorio, MD, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Amy Pierce, BS, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Max Lataillade, DO, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee"}
{"text": "Immunity from natural infection and vaccination (hybrid) may provide more durable SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses; whether this increases durability of maternally-derived antibody responses in infants is unknown.2 \u22650.9).Participants with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy (anti-nucleocapsid [anti-N] IgG+ on enrollment or prior RT-PCR+ or antigen+) were enrolled between January 2021-August 2022. Blood samples collected in pregnancy, delivery/birth, 0-< 3 and 3-6 months postpartum were tested for anti-S+ IgG by Abbott Architect (positive: \u226550 AU/mL) and neutralizing antibodies  and median gestational age was 31 weeks (IQR 19.1\u201337.9). At delivery (median 19.7 weeks [IQR 14.3-30.0] from SARS CoV-2 diagnosis), unvaccinated participants and their infants were less likely to have anti-S IgG+  or neutralizing antibodies  than vaccinated (\u22651 dose) participants and their infants  . By 6 months of age, the proportion of infants of mothers who remained unvaccinated at birth with anti-S IgG+ and neutralizing antibody declined to 50% and 14%  compared to 100%  among infants with vaccinated mothers .10 2.95 vs. 4.40 AU/ml; neutralization log10 1:2.37 vs. 1:4.00, all p< 0.01) and through 6 months of age  vs. infants with mothers vaccinated prior to delivery.Infants with anti-S IgG+ or neutralizing antibodies born to unvaccinated mothers had lower median antibody levels at birth  pregnant people with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and B) their infants by maternal vaccination status *\u2020*Among participants and their infants with positive neutralizing antibodies (ND50 heat \u226520 and R2 \u22650.9). \u2020Maternal vaccination status is at time of blood sample collection; for infants refers to maternal vaccination status at time of delivery.SARS-CoV-2 infection alone during pregnancy did not provide persistent antibody responses in infants through 6 months of age. Maternal vaccination provided more durable antibody responses in participants with prior SARS-CoV-2, potentially providing protection to vulnerable infants in the months prior to their own COVID-19 vaccine eligibility.Sylvia M. LaCourse, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support Alex L. Greninger, MD, PhD, MS, MPhil, Abbott Diagnostics: central testing|Cepheid: central testing|Hologic Inc: central testing|Janssen Infectious Disease: central testing|Novavax, Inc.: central testing|Pfizer, Inc.: central testing Alisa B. Kachikis, MD, MSc, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Alison L. Drake, PhD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Beyond the acute illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, about one-fifth of infections unpredictably result in long-term persistence of symptoms despite the apparent clearance of infection. Insights into the mechanisms that underlie post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) will be critical for the prevention and clinical management of long-term complications of COVID-19. Several hypotheses have been proposed that may account for the development of PASC, including persistence of virus or the dysregulation of immunity. Among the immunological changes noted in PASC, alterations in humoral immunity have been observed in some patient subsets.To begin to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 or other pathogen specific humoral immune responses evolve uniquely in PASC, we performed comprehensive antibody profiling against SARS-CoV-2, a panel of endemic pathogens, and a panel of routine vaccine antigens using Systems Serology in two independent cohorts of patients with pre-existing systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD) who either developed or did not develop PASC.A distinct qualitative shift observed in Fc\u03b3 receptor binding was observed in individuals with PASC. Specifically, individuals with PASC harbored weaker Fc\u03b3 receptor binding anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and a significantly stronger Fc\u03b3 receptor binding antibody response against endemic Coronavirus OC43. Individuals with PASC, further, generated more avid IgM responses and developed an OC43 S2-specific antibody response with stronger Fc\u03b3-receptor binding, linked to cross reactivity across SARS-CoV-2 and common coronaviruses.These findings from two independent cohorts implicate previous common Coronavirus imprinting as a marker for the development of PASC in individuals with SARDs.Douglas A. Lauffenburger, PhD, Sanofi: Board Member|Sanofi: Honoraria|Sanofi: Honoraria Zachary Wallace, MD, MSc, Bristol-Myers Squibb: Grant/Research Support|Horizon: Advisor/Consultant|MedPace: Advisor/Consultant|Principia/Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Viela Bio: Advisor/Consultant|Zenas BioPharma: Advisor/Consultant Jeffrey Sparks, MD, AbbVie: Advisor/Consultant|Amgen: Advisor/Consultant|Boehringer Ingelheim: Advisor/Consultant|Bristol Myers Squibb: Advisor/Consultant|Bristol Myers Squibb: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Inova Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Optum: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant Galit Alter, PhD, Leyden Labs: Ownership Interest|Moderna Therapeutics: Employee|Seromyx Systems: Ownership Interest"}
{"text": "Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major causative pathogen of pneumonia. In Japan, there are several concerns, such as increase of antimicrobial resistance, especially macrolide resistance, and non-vaccine serotypes. In this study, we retrospectively investigated clinical and microbiological characteristics of pneumococcal pneumonia in a Japanese university hospital.mefA and ermB), serotypes, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). The study included the data from 2011 to 2020 in Nagasaki University Hospital.We collected clinical information of patients with pneumococcal pneumonia and examined microbiological characteristics of isolates, including antimicrobial susceptibility, macrolide resistance genes  in all isolates. With regard to fluoroquinolone, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin resistance were found in three isolates (7.1%) each. The MICs of lascufloxacin, which was newly developed in Japan, tended to be lower than those of levofloxacin and moxifloxacin. Serotype 19 was the most frequent serotype (seven isolates), especially in mefA-positives (six isolates). The most prevalent STs were ST2331 and ST 338 (three isolates each), which were found in mefA- and ermB-positive isolates, respectively.Among 435 pneumococcal isolates during the study, we analyzed 42, which were available and caused pneumonia in patients aged 15 years or older. Of the 42 patients, 28 (66.7%) showed moderate to severe severity according to the A-DROP severity scoring system, and the 30-day mortality was 4.8% (2 patients). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of isolates were presented in Tables 1 and 2. In microbiological analysis, only one isolate (2.4%) showed penicillin resistance. Conversely, erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin resistance were observed in 37 isolates (88.1%) each. Particularly, isolates harboring Our results revealed molecular epidemiology and clinical features of pneumococcal pneumonia in our hospital. New antimicrobial agents might be useful for the treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia, including those caused by macrolide-resistant strains.Takumi Nakao, MD, FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.: Commissioned research|KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.: Commissioned research Kosuke Kosai, M.D, Ph.D., FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.: Commissioned research|KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.: Commissioned research Katsunori Yanagihara, MD, PhD, FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.: Commissioned research|KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.: Commissioned research Koichi Izumikawa, M.D, Ph.D., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation: Grant/Research Support|Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation: Honoraria|Astellas Pharma Inc.: Honoraria|DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY, LIMITED: Grant/Research Support|DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY, LIMITED: Honoraria|KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.: Honoraria|Merck & Co., Inc.: Honoraria|Pfizer Japan Inc.: Honoraria|Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Honoraria|Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.: Honoraria|TAIHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Lactococcus lactis strain plasma (LC- Plasma) enhances both the innate and acquired immune systems through the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), we hypothesized that the oral intake of LC-Plasma could ease symptoms in patients with mild COVID-19.The COVID-19 epidemic has been repeated worldwide; however, easily accessible treatment options for patients with mild COVID-19 remain limited. Since the The study protocol was registered in Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCTs071210097). A total of 100 patients with mild COVID-19 were enrolled from January through March 2022 during epidemic timing of omicron BA.1 strain. Patients were randomly assigned by allocation factors of age, anti-viral medication, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine status in a 1:1 ratio to LC-Plasma group  or placebo . The primary endpoint was the change in total severity score of 8 subjective symptoms. Secondary endpoints include the change of each subjective symptom, SARS-CoV-2 viral loads, pDC activation, serum SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies, type I interferons, and the proportion of subjects with emergency room visits or who were hospitalized.A total of 50 patients in LC-Plasma group and 46 patients (4 omitted by declining the participation or unsatisfied criteria) in placebo group were analyzed. There was no difference between groups in patients\u2019 background including age, sex, body mass index, and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (Table 1). The primary endpoint, total score of symptoms, was not different between groups . As secondary endpoint, LC-Plasma group disappeared smell and taste disorders after day 9 compared to placebo group . Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 viral load was significantly decreased at day 4 in LC-Plasma group . Also, pDC decreased in the placebo group during the course, however, has maintained in LC-Plasma group . No patient was hospitalized or visited ER during the study. No adverse effect was reported except diarrhea observed in one patient in the LC Plasma group.Patients' backgroundsA. Change of total score . B. % patients without smell & taste disordersA. Change of SARS-CoV-2 viral load: (log change/day1)\u00d7100%. B. Chage of pDC (vs day1\u00d7100%)LC-Plasma is safe and a potential adjunctive treatment to maintain immunity, fasten viral eradication, and ease symptoms for mild COVID-19.Kazuko Yamamoto, MD, PhD, Fisher & Paykel Healthcare: Grant/Research Support|Kirin Holdings Co.: Grant/Research Support Tsuyoshi Inoue, MD, PhD, Kirin Holdings Co.: Grant/Research Support|Kyowa Kirin Co.: donated course Kenta Jounai, PhD, Kirin Holdings Co.: Employee Ryohei Tsuji, PhD, Kirin Holdings Co.: Employee Daisuke Fujiwara, PhD, Kirin Holdings Co.: Employee Katsunori Yanagihara, MD, PhD, FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.: Commissioned research|KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.: Commissioned research Koichi Izumikawa, M.D., Ph.D., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation: Grant/Research Support|Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation: Honoraria|Astellas Pharma Inc.: Honoraria|DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY, LIMITED: Grant/Research Support|DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY, LIMITED: Honoraria|KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.: Honoraria|Merck & Co., Inc.: Honoraria|Pfizer Japan Inc.: Honoraria|Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Honoraria|Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.: Honoraria|TAIHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Pseudomonas is rare. Our objective was to investigate outcomes of patients with Pseudomonas endocarditis by treatment strategy and identify factors associated with treatment failure.Infective endocarditis secondary to Pseudomonas endocarditis at 8 hospitals were identified between July 2010 and December 2022. Unless the cultured valve yielded a Gram-negative pathogen, patients with blood cultures growing Gram-positive bacteria or yeast for >24 hours were excluded. Combination therapy was defined as receipt of \u22652 in vitro active agents for \u226572 hours. Failure was a defined as death or microbiologic failure by day 42; microbiologic failures included escalation of antimicrobial therapy following treatment-emergent resistance, increased vegetation size, or blood cultures positive for \u226514 days.Adult patients with definitive P. aeruginosa was the underlying pathogen in 97% (33/34) of patients. 65% (22/34) and 35% (12/34) received combination and monotherapy, respectively. Patients managed with combination therapy had comparable rates of prosthetic valve endocarditis , a vegetation size > 1cm  and no receipt of cardiac surgical intervention despite an indication  compared to those who received monotherapy. There was no significant difference in 42-day failure rates , 90-day mortality  or median hospital length of stay  between patients who receivedcombination therapy and monotherapy. Patients who experienced 42-day failure were more likely to have multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas on initial blood cultures  and were less likely to be initially managed with piperacillin/tazobactam or cefepime  compared to those who experienced clinical cure.34 patients met the inclusion criteria. 32% (11/34) were people who inject drugs and 12% (4/34) were organ transplant recipients. Combination therapy versus monotherapyFactors associated with clinical failurePseudomonas endocarditis to date. We did Not identify a benefit to combination therapy; however, the overall sample size was small. Endocarditis due to MDR P. aeruginosa was associated with a higher risk of clinical failure.To our knowledge, this is the largest study of Ryan K. Shields, PharmD, MS, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Utility: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Funding statement. \u201cThis research received fundings from: Telethon Italy under grant agreement, grant number GGP16191 (CF), Telethon-UILDM, grant number GUP19012 (CF and GP) and by Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze, grant number 2018.0987 (CF). This research received fundings from: Telethon Italy under grant agreement, grant number GGP16191 (CF), Telethon-UILDM, grant number GUP19012 (CF and GP) and by Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze, grant number 2018.0987 (CF). We also thank MIUR Italy . We also thank MIUR Italy \u201d.In the published article, there was an error in the Funding statement appears below.The correct"}
{"text": "Curvularia species are dematiaceous environmental molds that rarely cause disease in humans. Infections may be superficial or invasive and can present as disseminated infection or localized infection including keratitis, invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS), and skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI). Non-pathogenic colonization is also common. The frequency and spectrum of infection has not been well characterized.Curvularia infections at two institutions in Boston, MA between January 1, 2002 and January 1, 2023. Infections were identified using microbiologic culture databases and a research patient data registry. Clinical information was collected. This study was approved by the Massachusetts General Brigham IRB; research was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.This was a retrospective study of all Curvularia species were identified from clinical specimens in 36 patients: 28 pathogenic infections and 8 cases of non-pathogenic colonization. Clinical characteristics of the pathogenic infections are described in Table 1. Of those with infection, 5 were invasive  and occurred only in immunocompromised hosts . Local invasive disease was characterized by SSTI (n=2) and IFS (n=1). There were 6 SSTI or wound infections without correlative pathology demonstrating tissue invasive disease . All cases were identified by culture except one case identified by 28s ribosomal DNA PCR testing. Polymicrobial infection was common with > 50% of pathogenic infections exhibiting cultures with additional bacterial and/or fungal organisms. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed in most invasive infections; results are shown in Table 2. Invasive infections were treated with both single and dual-agent antifungal regimens .Curvularia infections are rare but mainly occur the immunocompromised, and here manifested as disseminated disease, IFS, and SSTI. Coinfection is common. Non-invasive infections are more frequent (82%) and occur in normal hosts.Invasive Sanjat Kanjilal, MD, MPH, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Pattern biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Honoraria|Uptodate: Royalties Sarah P. Hammond, MD, F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|Seres therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Oral sulopenem is a bilayer tablet composed of sulopenem etzadroxil and probenecid, an organic anion transport inhibitor that delays renal excretion of sulopenem. The goal of the studies described herein was to characterize the pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of sulopenem against a diverse panel of Enterobacterales using a dynamic in vitro infection model. Bacteria (1 x 106 CFU/mL) were exposed to sulopenem concentrations that mimicked human free-drug plasma concentration-time profiles  following oral drug administration. For the dose-fractionation studies, a single challenge isolate (Escherichia coli NCTC 13441 MIC = 0.125 mg/L) was exposed to five different total daily exposures, fractionated equally into doses administered every 4, 8, or 12 hours . In the dose-ranging studies, 10 Enterobacterales clinical isolates  were exposed to a range of sulopenem q8h doses representing free-drug (f) %T >MIC values ranging from 0 to 98.8%. Relationships between change in log10 CFU/mL from baseline at 24 hr and each of fCmax:MIC ratio, f%T > MIC, and fAUC:MIC ratio were fit using Hill-type models.A series of 24-hour dose-fractionation and dose-ranging studies were completed using the one-compartment 2 of 0.90 measuring the tightness of data around the fitted function, the relationship between sulopenem f%T > MIC and change in bacterial burden best described the activity of sulopenem using the dose-fractionation study data . The median sulopenem f%T > MIC values associated with achieving net bacterial stasis, and 1- and 2-log10 CFU/mL reductions from baseline were 40.9, 50.2, and 62.6% based on the data from the dose-ranging studies .As evidenced by the highest rf%T > MIC was the PK-PD index that best described sulopenem activity. The f%T > MIC targets for efficacy based on these data will be useful to support sulopenem dose selection for patients with uUTI.The results of these analyses demonstrated that Brian D. VanScoy, B.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Sean Jones, B.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Haley Conde, B.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Catherine E. 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Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. 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Rubino, PharmD, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Steven I. Aronin, MD, Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Stocks/Bonds Sailaja Puttagunta, MD, Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Full time employee|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Stocks/Bonds Paul G. Ambrose, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The impact of host genetic variability on the outcome of S. aureus infection is unknown. HLA variation has evolved to ensure broad presentation of pathogen derived peptides to initiate protective adaptive immune responses. In genome-wide association studies we identified specific HLA class II variants (HLA-DRB1*04:01 & 04:02) that are positively associated with S. aureus infection. The goal of this study was to determine how HLA-DR variants may differ in their ability to bind and present S. aureus peptides to host T cells and impact protective immunity.S. aureus (USA300) proteasome was obtained (UP000008816) and a dataset of 468,812 overlapping 15 amino acid peptides was created. Peptide binding predictions for seven HLA variant subgroups were performed using a machine learning framework (MixMHC2pred 2.0). Binding prediction score of \u2264 2.0 was used as a biological threshold and data was analyzed using R (4.2.2). HLA-DR expression was measured on HLA homozygous B cell lines using flow cytometry (BD Fortessa) and antibodies specific for HLA-DR (L243 APC) and CD69 (FN50-PE) and analyzed using FlowJo and Microsoft Excel.S. aureus peptide binding score distributions across HLA-DRB1 alleles representing unique peptide binding pockets . Analysis revealed significantly higher proportions of peptides predicted to bind HLA-DRB1*04:01 and DRB1*04:02 compared to controls DRB1*15:01 and DRB1*01:01 (score \u2264 2.0). . HLA-DR alleles also showed variable expression on HLA homozygous B cell lines, with DRB1*04:02 showing highest and DRB1*04:01 showing lowest expression . HLA-DR expression was higher on B cells expressing activation marker CD69+ (p< 0.002) for all alleles except DRB1*04:01. In vitro T cell stimulation assays controlling for HLA genotype are in progress.We observed different S. aureus infection will improve our understanding, treatment, and prevention of this urgent unmet medical need.We provide evidence to suggest that variation in peptide binding and cell surface expression may explain the association of HLA class II haplotypes with S. aureus infection. Elucidating the genetic basis of susceptibility to Vance G. Fowler, MD, MHS, Amphliphi Biosciences, Integrated Biotherapeutics; C3J, Armata, Valanbio; Akagera, Aridis, Roche, Astra Zeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech, Regeneron, Deep Blue, Basilea, Janssen;: Grant/Research Support|Infectious Diseases Society of America: Honoraria|MedImmune, Allergan, Pfizer, Advanced Liquid Logics, Theravance, Novartis, Merck; Medical Biosurfaces; Locus; Affinergy; Contrafect; Karius;: Grant/Research Support|Novartis, Debiopharm, Genentech, Achaogen, Affinium, Medicines Co., MedImmune, Bayer, Basilea, Affinergy, Janssen, Contrafect, Regeneron, Destiny,: Advisor/Consultant|Sepsis diagnostic: Patent pending|UpToDate: Royalties|Valanbio and ArcBio: Stock Options"}
{"text": "Diomusguilavoguii Duverger, 1994, an adventive species, is recorded from Guangzhou (Guangdong Province), China for the first time. Larvae of D.guilavoguii were collected in association with an invasive mealybug, Paracoccusmarginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, 1992, infesting papayas, cassava and several ornamental plants. However, little has been known about the biology of D.guilavoguii, especially the morphology of their larvae since their original descriptions.Diomusguilavoguii Duverger, 1994, native to Conakry, Guinea (Africa), is recorded as established in Guangdong Province for the first time. However, it is unclear when and how D.guilavoguii spread from Africa to Guangzhou, Guangdong Province. Both the adult and larva feed on the invasive mealybug Paracoccusmarginatus Williams & Granara de Willink  that infests papaya and ornamental plants. In this paper, the external morphology and male genitalia of adults are re-described. The detailed descriptions of larva and pupa are also provided for the first time. The status of D.guilavoguii and D.hennessyi F\u00fcrsch, 1987 are discussed. Diomus was originally established by Scymnus Kugelann, 1794, based on unique abdominal postcoxal lines that meets the posterior margin of the first abdominal ventrite. Diomus to generic status, based on the median fusion of the first and second abdominal ventrite and the peculiar form of the abdominal postcoxal lines. Since then, Diomus has been treated either as a subgenus of Scymnus or a valid genus by various researchers. Diomini to include Diomus and four other Neotropical genera according to a comprehensive study of South American Coccinellidae. Diomus, Dichaina Weise, 1923 and proposed a new genus Andrzej \u015alipi\u0144ski in this tribe from Australia.Diomusguilavoguii Duverger, 1994 was described from Guinea by D.guilavoguii preys mainly on the invasive mealybug, Paracoccusmarginatus Williams & Granara de Willink, 1992 , which infested with papaya and many different kinds of ornamental plants, such as Mussaendapubescens W. T. Aiton, Barbados nut (Jatrophacurcas L.) and Spicy Satropha (Jatrophaintegerrima Jacq.). Some of these host plants are imported from abroad. It is obvious that D.guilavoguii, as a natural enemy of P.marginatus, has great potential for biological control.P.marginatus is a globally invasive pest that causes significant yield losses in various crops , Sasajiscymnusquinquepunctatus , Scymnus (Pullus) quadrillum Motschulsky, 1858, Scymnus sp. and Stethorus sp. , such as Cryptolaemusmontrouzieri Mulsant, 1853, Nephusbilucernarius , Scymnustaiwanus  (= Scymnus (Pullus) quadrillum, Motschulsky, 1858), Brumoidessuturalis , Hyperaspissilvestrii Weise, 1909, Cheilomenessexmaculata , Coccinellatransversalis Fabricius, 1781 and Chilocorusnigritus . These ladybird beetles are playing a key role in biological control of the papaya mealybug.Although the papaya mealybug is native to Mexico and Central America, it is not a pest there due to the presence of its natural enemies keeping it under control. However, when it invaded other countries or regions, it was considered a serious pest mainly due to the lack of natural predators . Saengyoorus sp. . Mani etDiomusguilavoguii Duverger, 1994 is recorded as being well established in Guangzhou for the first time. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of the adult, pupa and larvae are provided. Diagnostic characters for the genus and species are also given.In this paper, Specimens examined were collected from Guangdong Province, China and deposited in the Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China (SCAU). The terminology used in the descriptions of larva follows Measurements were taken using a micrometer attached to a SteREO Discovery V20 dissecting stereoscope and are defined as follows: (TW) total width, across both elytra at widest part; (TH) total height, at highest part of elytra in lateral view; (TL) total length, from apical margin of clypeus to apex of elytra; (PL) pronotal length, from the middle of anterior margin to the base of pronotum; (PW) pronotal width at widest part; (EW) elytral width, equal to TW; (EL) elytral length, along suture from base to apex including scutellum; (HW) head width, at widest part including eyes.Male and female genitalia were dissected, cleared in a 10% solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) by boiling for several minutes and placed on slides for further study. Photographs of the adult were taken with a digital camera  and photographs of their genitalia were taken using digital cameras (ZEISS Imager M2 and Axiocam 506 Color) attached to the microscope.Paracoccusmarginatus, was supplied daily to maintain the population stock , attached to a focus stacking rail (WeMacro Rail). The software Helicon Remote and Helicon Focus were used to capture and render images respectively from the camera. Mouthparts, head and tarsal claw of the larvae were dissected, cleared in a 10% NaOH solution, boiled for half an hour, washed in distilled water and placed on slides. Colour images were captured with digital cameras (ZEISS Imager M2 and Axiocam 506 Color) attached to a dissecting microscope using ZEN 2.3 software. All photographs were edited using Adobe Photoshop CC 2018 and Adobe Illustrator 2020.Musant, 185079F536A9-6B44-5792-ABB6-CCEE21B29A7FScymnus (Diomus) Mulsant, 1850: 951. Type species: Coccinellathoracica Fabricius, 1801, by subsequent designation by Diomus: -Weise (1895: 144); Gordon (1976: 319); Gordon (1999: 13); Pang and \u015alipi\u0144ski (2009: 646).Nephus (Diomus) by Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1976: 377) (76: 377) .Amidellus Weise, 1923 - Weise (1923: 141) .23: 141) . Type spDiomini by the following characters: antennae composed of 11 or 10 antennomeres; slightly shorter than head capsule with pedicel narrower than scape; antennomere 3 elongate; antennal club indistinct and multi-segmented  ), on Acacia  17572; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; behavior: running; occurrenceID: 414A66E3-1DDC-5F13-A1DC-68F59BDD3139; Taxon: scientificName: Diomusguilavoguii; class: Insecta; order: Coleoptera; family: Coccinellidae; genus: Diomus; Location: country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Guangdong; municipality: Guangzhou; locality: South China National Botanical Garden; verbatimElevation: 47.9 m; decimalLatitude: 23.180592; decimalLongitude: 113.366531; Identification: identifiedBy: Xiaosheng Chen; dateIdentified: 10-12-2022; identificationReferences: Duverger 1994; Event: samplingProtocol: observe; year: 2022; month: 9; day: 2; Record Level: institutionID: South China Agricultural University; institutionCode: SCAU; basisOfRecord: Preserved SpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Jiamin Zhuang; individualID: SCAU (E) 17573; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 660BFF3A-1B43-5FF4-8786-652803487BBC; Taxon: scientificName: Diomusguilavoguii; class: Insecta; order: Coleoptera; family: Coccinellidae; Location: country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Guangdong; municipality: Guangzhou; locality: South China National Botanical Garden; verbatimElevation: 47.9 m; decimalLatitude: 23.180592; decimalLongitude: 113.366531; Identification: identifiedBy: Xiaosheng Chen; dateIdentified: 10-12-2022; identificationReferences: Duverger 1994; Event: samplingProtocol: observe; year: 2022; month: 9; day: 23; Record Level: institutionID: South China Agricultural University; institutionCode: SCAU; basisOfRecord: Preserved SpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Mingjie Tang; individualCount: 13; sex: 6 male, 2 female, 9 unsexed specimens; lifeStage: 8 adult, 4 pupa, 5 larvae; occurrenceID: 5D4D546E-BD3F-5241-A8E4-A4CA13770E31; Taxon: scientificName: Diomusguilavoguii; class: Insecta; order:  Coleoptera; family: Coccinellidae; Location: country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Guangdong; municipality: Guangzhou; locality: Campus of South China Agricultural University; verbatimElevation: 33.4 m; decimalLatitude: 23.162782; decimalLongitude: 113.355362; Identification: identifiedBy: Xiaosheng Chen; dateIdentified: 10-12-2022; identificationReferences: Duverger 1994; Event: samplingProtocol: observe; year: 2022; month: 9; day: 27; Record Level: institutionID: South China Agricultural University; institutionCode: SCAU; basisOfRecord: Preserved SpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Xiufeng Xie; individualCount: 10; sex: 9 male, 1 female; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 297D0151-D750-534B-AA7A-BB0B3C8411CA; Taxon: scientificName: Diomusguilavoguii; class: Insecta; order: Coleoptera; family: Coccinellidae; Location: country: China; countryCode: CHN; stateProvince: Guangdong; municipality: Guangzhou; locality: Campus of Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College; verbatimElevation: 22.5 m; decimalLatitude: 23.284552; decimalLongitude: 113.612518; Identification: identifiedBy: Xiaosheng Chen; dateIdentified: 07-23-2023; identificationReferences: Duverger 1994; Event: samplingProtocol: observe; year: 2023; month: 7; day: 2; Record Level: institutionID: South China Agricultural University; institutionCode: SCAU; basisOfRecord: Preserved SpecimenAdult. TL: 1.53-1.54 mm, TW: 1.16-1.21 mm, TH: 0.57-0.63 mm, TL/TW: 1.27-1.32, PL/PW: 0.31-0.32, EL/EW: 1.00-1.03, HW/PW: 0.61-0.65, PW/EW: 0.73.Male: Body oval, weakly convex; usually winged; dorsum uniformly hairy. Head transverse, dorsally not covered by pronotum , China (Guangdong) Diomusguilavoguii is recorded from China for the first time. The specimens examined in the present paper show some minor variation in antennae however, their external appearance of adult and male genitalia were in agreement with the detailed descriptions and illustrations given by Diomus from Australia, with some species having 11 antennomeres and a few individuals occasionally having only 10 antennomeres (nnomeres .D.guilavoguii closely resembles D.hennessyi F\u00fcrsch, 1987 from Zaire, Africa in external appearance and male genitalia. D.hennessyi, based on the specimens collected from Zaire and Nigeria, showing that the penis guide with a horned projection at the proximal apex, especially the peculiar shape of the penis capsule which matches well with the illustration given by D.hennessyi, based on the examination of a large series of specimens from South America and Africa, including the type series of this species. He also pointed out that D.hennessyi is native to South America, but it was introduced into some areas of Africa for biological control of cassava mealybug, Phenacoccusmanihoti Matile-Ferrero, 1977 (D.guilavoguii may be a synonym of D.hennessyi. However, since we have not been able to examine the holotype of D.hennessyi deposited in the Mus\u00e9e royal de l'Afrique centrale, Tervuren, Belgium and D.guilavoguii housed in the Museum National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, further confirmation is needed regarding the relationship between these two species.ro, 1977 . UnfortuD.guilavoguii in China. When and how did this species spread to Guangdong Province, China? As aforementioned, P.marginatus is native to Mexico and Central America. Although this invasive pest has also been reported in Africa, we suspect that D.guilavoguii was likely spread to Guangdong, China from Central America along with P.marginatus. However, its diffusion path remains to be further studied.There have been no deliberate introductions of"}
{"text": "Definition of the microbiology of pleural space infection has been challenging due to the poor yield of conventional culture, a challenge that has led to recommendations for broad spectrum antimicrobial therapy for these infections. Since August 2019, we have offered a 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR assay followed by Sanger or next generation sequencing, or reported as negative, depending on the PCR signal strength  in clinical practice at Mayo Clinic.Here, we describe the microbiologic and clinical findings of 57 pleural fluids testing positive by 16S rRNA gene PCR/sequencing from August 2020 to January 2023. Demographic data and clinical features, and results of pleural fluid and blood cultures were recorded. Analysis was performed using SAS software version 9.4 (SAS Inc).Fusobacterium nucleatum group and/or Streptococcus intermedius were detected in 31/57 (54%) cases [including 28/48 (58%) in the subset with community-acquired infection], with additional facultative and/or anaerobic species in various combinations also found in 17/31 (55%) of these cases.Median patient age was 63 years (range 5-83 years) and 75% were men. Pleural space infection was community-acquired in 84%. The most frequent symptom was dyspnea (80%), followed by chest pain (52%). 89% of patients had received antibiotics in the two weeks preceding specimen collection. Radiological consolidation was observed in 63% and pleural fluid was loculated in 58%. Pleural fluid and blood cultures were positive in 32 and 11%, respectively. The microbiology found with the sequencing assay is shown in the table. 23/57 (40%) detections were polymicrobial. Fusobacterium nucleatum group and/or Streptococcus intermedius, with or without other normal microbiota, a grouping for which we propose the term FuSion .Based on analysis of pleural fluid using a targeted metagenomic sequencing assay in clinical practice, the most frequent organism profile involved in community-acquired pleural space infection is a combination of Eva Carmona, MD, boehringer ingelheim: Advisor/Consultant \u00d8yvind Kommedal, n/a, Pathogenomix inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Pathogenomix inc.: Stocks/Bonds Robin Patel, MD, Abbott Laboratories: Advisor/Consultant|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Mayo Clinic has a royalty-bearing know-how agreement and equity in Adaptive Phage Therapeutics.|BIOFIRE: Grant/Research Support|CARB-X: Advisor/Consultant|ContraFect: Grant/Research Support|Day Zero Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Advisor/Consultant|Mammoth Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Netflix: Advisor/Consultant|Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Advisor/Consultant|PhAST: Advisor/Consultant|See details: Patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis PCR issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic|See details: continued, patent on an anti-biofilm substance issued|TenNor Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Torus Biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|Trellis Bioscience, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Human parainfluenza viruses (PIV) are a leading cause of pediatric acute respiratory infection (ARI), yet limited data exist on PIV-associated hospitalizations, particularly from serotype PIV-4, a serotype reported to cause severe disease. We describe the characteristics and seasonality of PIV-associated ARI hospitalizations, focusing on PIV-4.During 12/01/2016-03/31/2020, we enrolled children hospitalized with fever or respiratory symptoms at the 7 children\u2019s hospitals of the CDC\u2019s New Vaccine Surveillance Network. Molecular testing for rhino/enterovirus (RV/EV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza virus, PIV (serotypes 1-4), human metapneumovirus, and adenovirus were performed on mid-turbinate nasal or throat specimens collected from enrolled children. Parent interviews and chart abstractions were performed.A PIV was detected in 1,004 (6%) of 16,282 enrolled children. A PIV and another respiratory virus (most frequently with RV/EV or RSV) were detected in 336 (33%) children; 668 (67%) children tested positive for only 1 PIV (no co-detection of any other virus or co-detected PIV), including PIV-1 (33%), PIV-2 (15%), PIV-3 (40%), and PIV-4 (12%) (Table 1). Among children with only 1 PIV detected, children with PIV-4 infection were older (mean age 3.1 y) and more likely to have an underlying medical condition than children infected with other PIV serotypes. Discharge diagnoses of asthma, otitis media, and pneumonia were most common in children with PIV-4, and croup most common in those with PIV-1 & 2 (Table 2). PIV-1 had biennial fall seasonality; PIV-2 was detected mostly during the fall of 2018; PIV-3 detections peaked annually in the spring; and PIV-4 was detected year-round . One in 6 children required ICU care.PIV infections were detected in 6% of ARI hospitalizations and occurred throughout the year, with seasonal variation in serotype dominance. Half of children with PIV-related hospitalizations were healthy . Severe disease (requirement for ICU care) was common in all PIV-associated hospitalizations. Research on PIV vaccines is warranted, with consideration to include PIV-4.John V. Williams, MD, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidel: Board Member Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Grant/Research Support Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Mary A. Staat, MD, MPH, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Up-To-Date: Honoraria Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, MD, MPH, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: donation of kits|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: vaccine support Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD, Merck & Co: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Invasive aspergillosis (IA) and invasive mucormycosis (IM) are life-threatening invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) that occur in critically ill and/or immunocompromised patients. Approved treatment options have significant limitations in pediatric patients. This study assessed the safety and outcomes of isavuconazonium sulfate (ISAV) for the treatment of IFD in this patient population.This phase 2, open-label, non-comparative study enrolled patients at 10 centers in Belgium, Spain, and the US between 2019 and 2022. Patients aged 1 to < 18 years with possible, probable or proven IA or IM per the 2008 (EORTC/MSG) criteria received ISAV 10 mg/kg (max. 372 mg) every 8 h on days 1 and 2, and once-daily thereafter , for \u2264 84 days (IA) or \u2264 180 days (IM). Primary objectives were safety, including treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), drug-related TEAEs, vital signs, electrocardiograms and laboratory parameters. Other key outcomes included all-cause case fatality through Day 42, overall response as assessed by an independent committee, and plasma ISAV levels. Data were summarized descriptively.Overall, 31 patients aged 1\u201317 years were enrolled; 80.6% were female and 61.3% were White (Table 1). The most common primary underlying condition was hematologic malignancy (58.1%). Patients received ISAV for a median (range) duration of 55 (2\u2013181) days. Plasma ISAV levels were consistent with those seen in adults receiving the standard dose (Table 2). TEAEs occurred in 29 (93.5%) patients for a total of 415 events. Nine (29.0%) patients experienced drug-related TEAEs, and treatment was withdrawn in 2 patients due to TEAEs. Serious TEAEs occurred in 18 (58.1%) patients and were assessed as drug-related by the investigator in 1 patient (3.2%). All-cause case fatality through Day 42 was 6.5%. Overall, successful response rates were 54.8% at the end of treatment .ALL, acute lymphocytic leukemia; AML, acute myelogenous leukemia (includes relapsed disease); B-LL, B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma; EORTC/MSG, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and Mycoses Study Group; FAS, full analysis set; IA, invasive aspergillosis; IFD, invasive fungal disease; IM, invasive mucormycosis; MDS to AML, myelodysplastic syndrome transformed to AML; NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma; SD, standard deviation. An investigator assessment of IFD diagnosis was used. The FAS included all patients who are enrolled and receive at least one dose of study drug. Patients with possible IFD were eligible for enrollment; diagnostic tests to confirm the disease as \u2018probable\u2019 or \u2018proven\u2019 according to EORTC/MSG 2008 criteria were completed within 10 days after first dose of study drug. Other IFDs were defined as IFDs confirmed not to be IA or IM.EORTC/MSG, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group and the Mycoses Study Group; IA, invasive aspergillosis; IFD: invasive fungal disease; IM, invasive mucormycosis; IV, intravenous; PKAS, pharmacokinetic analysis set; SAF, safety analysis set; SD, standard deviation. An investigator assessment of IFD diagnosis was used. Possible IFD was defined according to EORTC/MSG 2008 mycological criteria. Other IFDs were defined as IFDs confirmed not to be either IA or IM. The FAS included all patients who are enrolled and receive at least one dose of study drug. The PKAS consisted of all patients who took at least 1 dose of study drug and recorded least 1 plasma concentration measurement.AC, adjudication committee; FAS, full analysis set; IA, invasive aspergillosis; IFD: invasive fungal disease; IM, invasive mucormycosis; EOT, end of treatment; SAF, safety analysis set; TEAE, treatment-emergent adverse event. An investigator assessment of IFD diagnosis was used. Possible IFD was defined according to EORTC/MSG 2008 mycological criteria. Other IFDs were defined as IFDs confirmed not to be either IA or IM. If patient did not reach Day 42 or Day 84 of therapy, then the AC did not perform these assessments. The frequency 'N' in a column heading represents the number of patients included in the investigator assessment of IFD diagnosis. Overall response was based on a composite of clinical, mycological, and radiological responses with success criteria assessed. Overall response was considered 'Not evaluable' when one of the composite responses was not assessed. TEAEs were defined as adverse events observed after starting the study drug through 30 days after the last dose. Drug-related events, as assessed by the investigator, were those with a reasonable possibility that the event may have been caused by the study drug; if any other relationship was missing, the event was also considered as drug-related. The FAS and SAF were equivalent, and included all patients who were enrolled and received at least one dose of study drug.Treatment with ISAV in 31 immunocompromised pediatric patients with IFDs was well tolerated; only one (3.2%) patient had a serious drug-related TEAE. Plasma drug levels were also similar to those in adult patients. Overall favorable response was observed in > 50% of patients at EOT. All-cause case fatality rates were low (6.5%) at Day 42.Antonio C. Arrieta, MD, FIDSA, FPIDS, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Honoraria|Cumberland Pharmaceutical: Grant/Research Support|IDbyDNA: Advisor/Consultant|IDbyDNA: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Roche/Genentech: Grant/Research Support|The Medicine Company: Grant/Research Support Heidi Segers, MD, PhD, ALLTogether Consortium: Board Member|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication|Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Support for attending meetings and/or travel|Stand up against Cancer Grant /C1 KU Leuven Grant: Grant/Research Support Jaime G. Deville, MD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication William J. Muller, MD, PhD, Adagio Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Ansun Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|DiaSorin Molecular LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Eli Lilly and Company: Grant/Research Support|Enanta Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|F. Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|Finley Law Firm, P.C: Expert Testimony|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Janssen Biotech: Grant/Research Support|Karius, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics, plc: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support Angela Manzanares, MD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication|Gilead Sciences: Support for attending meetings and/or travel Michael N. Neely, MD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication Victoria Bordon, MD, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication Benjamin Hanisch, MD, American Society of Transplantation: Board Member|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication|NIH: Site PI for International Pediatric Fungal Network- funds to institution Alvaro Lassaletta, MD, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Brian T. Fisher, DO, MPH/MSCE, Allovir: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Julie Autmizguine, MD, MHS, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication Andreas H. Groll, MD, Amplyx: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: sered at the speakers\u2019 bureau|Basilea: Advisor/Consultant|Basilea: served at the speakers\u2019 bureau|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: served at the speakers\u2019 bureau|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: served at the speakers\u2019 bureau|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: Grant/Research Support|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC: served at the speakers\u2019 bureau|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: served at the speakers\u2019 bureau Shamim Sinnar, MD, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Astellas Employee Rodney Croos-Dabrera, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Astellas Employee Marc Engelhardt, MD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Mark E. Jones, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Laura Kovanda, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development Inc.: Astellas Employee"}
{"text": "Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infections in immunocompromised hosts may predict or source the emergence of highly mutated variants of concern. The types of immunosuppression placing patients at highest risk for prolonged infection and associated intra-host viral evolution remain unclear.Adults aged \u226518 years were enrolled and followed at 5 hospitals in the Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network from 4/11/2022 \u2013 2/1/2023. Eligible patients were SARS-CoV-2-positive by RT-qPCR in the previous 14 days and had an immunocompromising condition, including malignancy, solid organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SOT/HSCT), autoimmune/autoinflammatory condition on immunosuppression, AIDS, or primary immunodeficiency. Nasal specimens were collected and tested by RT-qPCR every 2\u20134 weeks until negative in 2 consecutive specimens. All specimens underwent viral culture and whole genome sequencing. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess factors associated with prolonged infection.150 patients were enrolled with the following conditions: B cell malignancy or anti-B cell therapy (n=18), SOT/HSCT (n=59), AIDS (n=5), non-B cell malignancy (n=23), and autoimmune/autoinflammatory . 37 (25%) were RT-qPCR-positive and 11 (7%) were culture-positive \u226521 days after infection onset. Patients with B cell dysfunction had prolonged infection compared to those with autoimmune/autoinflammatory conditions  . The within-host evolutionary rate was similar in prolonged (\u2265 21 days) and shorter (< 21 days) infections . Consensus spike mutations were identified in 4 individuals who were RT-qPCR-positive \u2265 56 days; 68% were in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) . The common spike mutations in this analysis were rare (< 2%) in global circulation.In this prospective cohort of immunocompromised patients during the Omicron variant period, prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infections were uncommon. While the within-host evolutionary rates are similar between prolonged and shorter infections, individuals with infections lasting \u2265 56 days accumulated mutations in the spike protein. These appear distinct from those seen globally.Bisected squares indicate more than one genomic mutation produced the same amino acid mutation. RBD is highlighted in gray.Emily T. Martin, PhD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: donation of kits|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: vaccine support Carlos G. Grijalva, MD, MPH, AHRQ: Grant/Research Support|CDC: Grant/Research Support|FDA: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Syneos Health: Grant/Research Support Adam S. Lauring, MD, PhD, Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Accumulating evidence reveal that shorter courses of oral antibiotic therapy (OAT) may be an acceptable alternative, but immunocompromised hosts are frequently excluded from these studies. We evaluated outcomes in IV to OAT transitions for treating \u03b2-hemolytic streptococcal uncomplicated BSI (uBSI) in immunocompromised hosts.This retrospective cohort study evaluated immunocompromised adult patients hospitalized between 1/1/2013 and 12/31/2019 with uBSI due to \u03b2-hemolytic Streptococcus. Patients were excluded if source of infection was endovascular, central nervous system or bone/joint infection without definitive surgical intervention. We compared outcomes between IV only vs OAT cohorts. Primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality. Other outcomes included length of stay (LOS), BSI relapse, 30-day rehospitalization, and adverse drug events. The primary outcome was compared to previously presented findings in immunocompetent patients. Comparisons between groups were performed using Fisher\u2019s exact test or Mann-Whitney test.Of 321 BSI screened, 52 immunocompromised adults with \u03b2-hemolytic Streptococcus uBSI identified. OAT was used in 25 episodes (48%). Cohort demographics were similar. PITT bacteremia score \u22654 was higher in the IV only cohort (30% vs. 0% p< 0.05). Immunocompromised categories primarily included patients with solid organ transplant/hematopoietic marrow transplant (44%) and heme/solid malignancy on chemotherapy (48%). Thirty-day mortality was lower in the OAT cohort (8% vs. 33% p< 0.05). There was no difference in LOS, readmission, BSI relapse or adverse events between cohorts (Table 1). There was no difference in 30-day mortality in OAT between immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals (8% vs 2% p=0.15) despite overall increased 30-day mortality in immunocompromised patients (Table 2).Comparison of demographics and outcomes between OAT and IV only cohortsComparison of outcomes between immunocompromised and immunocompetent individualsOpportunities exist to modify management of uBSI in immunocompromised hosts. Transition to OAT did not increase 30-day mortality and was equivalent to immunocompetent hosts transitioned to OAT.Bryan T. Alexander, PharmD, BCIDP, AAHIVP, Astellas Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support Erica J. Stohs, MD, MPH, bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support Trevor C. Van Schooneveld, MD, FSHEA, FACP, AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Biomeriuex: Advisor/Consultant|Biomeriuex: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: Grant/Research Support|Thermo-Fischer: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Historically, less stringent criteria  and various endpoints were used; success rates of 70\u201392% have been reported for NTF (Table 1). Gepotidacin, a novel, first-in-class, triazaacenaphthylene, bactericidal ABX has been investigated for uUTI treatment in 2 RCTs, EAGLE-2  and -3  following FDA/EMA guidance. Here, we demonstrate the impact of new endpoint guidance on the RCT results.For noninferiority RCTs in uUTIs, the latest US Food and Drug Administration /European Medicines Agency  guidance recommends a primary endpoint of therapeutic response  with success defined by full symptom resolution plus microbiological eradication from \u2265 105 CFU/mL) susceptible to NTF. TOC was 10\u201313 days post first dose, FU was 28 (\u00b13) days.E-2 and -3 were global Phase 3, parallel-group, double-blind, noninferiority (10% margin) RCTs comparing the efficacy and safety of oral gepotidacin  vs NTF  in female patients (\u2265 12 years) with uUTI. Using the complete study dataset, we assessed all patients who received \u2265 1 dose of study drug and had 1\u20132 qualifying uropathogens (\u2265 10Table 2). At TOC in E-2/-3, clinical success was 66.7/68.2% for gepotidacin, and 65.8/63.6% for NTF. Microbiological success in E-2/-3 was 72.6/72.9% for gepotidacin, and 66.8/57.5% for NTF. TOC therapeutic success rates (E-2/E-3) were lower than clinical or microbiological rates for both treatments: 51.8/58.9% for gepotidacin, 47.0/44.0% NTF (Table 3). Exploratory analysis replacing clinical \u2018resolution\u2019 with \u2018near success\u2019 increased TOC therapeutic success rates by 6.2\u20139.5% (Table 3). Use of non-study ABX for uUTI was substantially lower than the overall rate of therapeutic failure at TOC and FU.In E-2/-3, the primary endpoint was assessed in 634/567 patients : Grant/Research Support|Bionorica: Honoraria|Bionorica: Meeting/travel support, study participation|Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung (DZIF): Study participation|Enteris BioPharma: Study participation|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|German S3 guideline Urinary tract infections: Board Member|Glaxo Smith Kline: Advisor/Consultant|Glaxo Smith Kline: Honoraria|Glaxo Smith Kline: Consulting fees, meeting/travel support, advisory board member, principal investigator in a GSK-sponsored study|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|Guidelines European Association of Urology: Infections in Urology: Board Member|Helperby Therapeutics: Study participation|Janssen: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisory Board member|Klosterfrau: Honoraria|LeoPharma: Advisory Board member|MerLion: Advisory Board member|MIP Pharma: Honoraria|MSD: Advisory Board member|OM Pharma/Vifor Pharma: Advisory Board member, study participation|OM-Pharma: Honoraria|Pfizer: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisory Board member|RosenPharma: Advisory Board member|Shionogi: Advisory Board member, study participation|Speaker research group German research foundation (DFG) Bacterial Renal Infections and Defense (FOR 5427): Study participation|Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Therapeutics: Consulting fees|University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, and Justus Liebig University, Germany: Employee|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consulting fees, Advisory Board member Caroline R. Perry, PhD, GSK: Employee and shareholder Thomas M. Hooton, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant Nicole E. Scangarella-Oman, MS, GSK: Employee and shareholder Helen Millns, PhD, GSK: Employee and shareholder Emily Jarvis, MSc, GSK: Employee and shareholder Jeremy Dennison, MD, GSK: Employee and shareholder Amanda Sheets, PhD, GSK: Employee and shareholder Salim Janmohamed, MD, GSK: Employee and shareholder"}
{"text": "A variant-adapted bivalent BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine  comprising original SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 spike proteins is authorized by the US FDA from 6 months of age as a primary series or as booster doses. We studied whether bivalent BNT162b2 booster generates improved immune responses against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and ancestral strains and had a comparable safety profile to original BNT162b2 in 5\u201311-year-olds.This substudy is part of a phase 1/2/3 master study (NCT05543616) examining safety and immunogenicity of bivalent BNT162b2 in healthy children. The substudy group reported here is open label and evaluates a fourth dose with bivalent BNT162b2 10 \u03bcg  in 5\u201311-year-olds who previously received 3 original BNT162b2 10 \u03bcg doses. Reactogenicity (7 day), and 1 month safety and immunogenicity were assessed. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and ancestral strain neutralization titers post dose 4 were descriptive immunogenicity endpoints. The comparator group for immunogenicity assessments included 113 participants from the initial pediatric study (NCT04816643) who received 3 original BNT162b2 10 \u03bcg doses and who were matched by age and SARS-CoV-2 infection status.Figure). No serious adverse events were reported. The safety and tolerability profile was generally consistent with that of original BNT162b2. Bivalent BNT162b2 elicited higher neutralizing titers against Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and similar titers against the ancestral strain 1 month post dose 4 compared with original BNT162b2 at 1 month post dose 3 overall and in those who were SARS-CoV-2 positive (Table).Of the 113 children who received bivalent BNT162b2, 50% were female, 58% White, and 58% SARS-CoV-2 positive at baseline. Median (range) time from dose 3 of original BNT162b2 to bivalent BNT162b2 was 5.5 (2.6\u22128.6) months. Bivalent BNT162b2 was well tolerated with mostly mild to moderate reactogenicity; no grade 4 events were observed  of bivalent BNT162b2 10 \u00b5g had a similar safety profile to original BNT162b2 10 \u00b5g and induced robust Omicron BA.4/BA.5 and ancestral strain neutralizing titers. These data support booster dosing with variant-adapted bivalent BNT162b2 in 5\u201311-year-olds.Grant C. Paulsen, MD, Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Lawrence Sher, MD, Pfizer Inc: Clinical Investigator Charu Sabharwal, MD, MPH, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Nicholas Kitchin, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Sungeen Hill, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Emily Wasserman, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Xia Xu, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Site Investigator, DSMB member Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Emmanuel Walter, MD, Clinetic: Clinical Investigator|Iliad Biotechnologies: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Clinical Investigator|Najit Technologies: Clinical Investigator|Pfizer Inc: Clinical Investigator|Sequiris: Clinical Investigator|Vaxcyte: Advisor/Consultant Flor M. Munoz, MD, MSc, CDC respiratory virus surveillance: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, sanofi, aztra zeneca, Merck, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: DSMB|NIH COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Pediatric COVID-19 vaccines: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Dynavax, Monderna, Meissa, NIH: DSMB Eric Simoes, MD DCH, Abbott Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|Abbvie Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Abbvie Inc: DSMB study section|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca: travel|Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: Advisor/Consultant|Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: Grant/Research Support|Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: travel, DSMB study section|CDC: Advisor/Consultant|CDC: travel|GSK plc: Advisor/Consultant|GSK plc: DSMB study section|Johnson & Johnson: Advisor/Consultant|Johnson & Johnson: Grant/Research Support|Merck & Co Inc: Grant/Research Support|National Institutes of Health: Grant/Research Support|National Institutes of Health: travel, DSMB study section|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: travel|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Roche: travel|USAID: Advisor/Consultant|USAID: Grant/Research Support|USAID: travel|WHO: Advisor/Consultant|WHO: travel Kawsar R. Talaat, MD, Intralytix: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|NIAID: DSMB|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Pfizer contract with institution|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Satoshi Kamidani, MD, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Emergent BioSolutions: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc: Grant/Research Support Lisa Moyer, BS, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Vrunda Parikh, PharmD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Hua Ma, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Xingbin Wang, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Kenneth Koury, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Annaliesa S. Anderson, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Kena A. Swanson, Ph.D., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Alejandra C. Gurtman, M.D., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds William C. Gruber, MD, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "COVID-19 highlighted health inequities and the differential impact that vaccination can have on health, with respect to social advantage. While many national immunisation programmes (NIP) consider health equity as a key recommendation criterion, most lack robust frameworks and methods to quantify the impact of healthcare interventions on health equity. Equity strata can be defined by socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, geographic location, etc\u2026The inclusion of equity in guidelines for vaccination recommendation was assessed. Vaccination policy experts and health economists were consulted on how to best capture the equity-related public health impact (PHI) of NIP. The framework of distributional cost-effectiveness analysis (DCEA) was selected to be further explored. A stepwise approach was applied to account for equity in PHI analysis i.e., the impact on health outcome distribution by equity strata, by estimating the distributional impact (step 1) and HE impact (step 2) of vaccination. A practical application of the method was illustrated through a case study on the meningococcal B (MenB) disease vaccination program in England.Impact of vaccination in health equity is formally captured in policy decision making in the US ACIP Evidence to Recommendation framework and the Canadian EEFA  Framework. In UK, France, Australia, Spain and Germany it is qualitatively included as part of the deliberative process, while it is not captured in the Netherlands. The DCEA framework was applied for health equity benefits of MenB infant vaccination in UK, with impact assessed across population subgroups categorised using a deprivation index. Nearly 80% of prevented cases were among the three most deprived groups. Additionally, MenB vaccination decreased inequity in the population, with positive net equity impact.PHI of vaccination on health equity can be quantified and usefully considered in decision making. The case study demonstrates how the proposed framework could be applied to fully incorporate impact on equity in cost-effectiveness analysis. The health equity impact of vaccination can be captured in health economic evaluation although there is a need to improve the evidence base and its implementationEliana Biundo, PhD, GSK: employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Mariia Dronova, PhD, GSK: Grant/Research Support Annie Chicoye, PhD, GSK: Board Member|GSK: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Honoraria Richard Cookson, PhD, Genetech: Advisor/Consultant Nancy Devlin, PhD, GSK: Honoraria T. Mark Doherty, PhD, GSK: employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Antonio J Garcia-Ruiz, PhD, CHIESI: Advisor/Consultant|CHIESI: Grant/Research Support|CHIESI: Honoraria|Consumers and Users Organisations (CEACCU): Advisor/Consultant|Consumers and Users Organisations (CEACCU): Grant/Research Support|Consumers and Users Organisations (CEACCU): Honoraria|Foundation for Progress and Health : Advisor/Consultant|Foundation for Progress and Health : Grant/Research Support|Foundation for Progress and Health : Honoraria|GSK: Honoraria|Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain: Advisor/Consultant|Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain: Grant/Research Support|Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain: Honoraria|Official College of Physicians: Advisor/Consultant|Official College of Physicians: Grant/Research Support|Official College of Physicians: Honoraria|Royal Academy of Medicine and Surgery of Eastern Andalusia: Advisor/Consultant|Royal Academy of Medicine and Surgery of Eastern Andalusia: Grant/Research Support|Royal Academy of Medicine and Surgery of Eastern Andalusia: Honoraria|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Honoraria|Sociedade Galega de Neurolox\u00eda: Advisor/Consultant|Sociedade Galega de Neurolox\u00eda: Grant/Research Support|Sociedade Galega de Neurolox\u00eda: Honoraria|UCB: Advisor/Consultant|UCB: Grant/Research Support|UCB: Honoraria Louis P Garrison, PhD, GSK: Honoraria Terry Nolan, MD, PhD, Clover: Board Member|CSL Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant|CSL Seqirus: Grant/Research Support|Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Board Member|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Iliad: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Board Member|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|SK Bio: Board Member Maarten Postma, Dr., Consumers and Users Organisations (CEACCU): Advisor/Consultant|Consumers and Users Organisations (CEACCU): Honoraria|Foundation for Progress and Health : Advisor/Consultant|Foundation for Progress and Health : Honoraria|GSK: Honoraria|Royal Academy of Medicine and Surgery of Eastern Andalusia: Advisor/Consultant|Royal Academy of Medicine and Surgery of Eastern Andalusia: Honoraria David M. Salisbury, CB FMedSci FRCP FRCPCH FFPH, Clover Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax Inc: Honoraria|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant Hiral Shah, PhD, GSK: employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Jurgen Wasem, PhD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Honoraria|Clover: Advisor/Consultant|Clover: Board Member|GSK: Board Member|GSK: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Honoraria|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Honoraria|Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant|Seqirus: Honoraria|Serum Institute of India: Advisor/Consultant|Serum Institute of India: Board Member|Zeria: Advisor/Consultant|Zeria: Board Member Ekkehard Beck, PhD, GSK: employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Fusarium solani species complex fungal DNA was identified in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) by polymerase chain reaction and next-generation metagenomic sequencing; a highly resistant strain was isolated from a single tissue culture. We describe epidemiology, demographics, and clinical features to inform prevention messaging, guidance, and future responses.US public health officials are responding to a multinational, multistate fungal meningitis outbreak involving travelers who had primarily cosmetic procedures  under epidural anesthesia at 2 Matamoros, Mexico clinics (closed 5/13/2023 by Mexican authorities). Public health officials collected data on confirmed and probable cases (1/1/23\u20137/25/2023) using a standardized case report form; data were analyzed in Microsoft Excel.In total, 10 probable (1 death) and 10 confirmed (8 deaths) US fungal meningitis cases were identified; all involved epidural anesthesia from the same anesthesiologist at both clinics. Most cases (80%) occurred in Texas residents. Median patient age was 31 years (range: 23\u201352); 19 patients were women; 13 were Hispanic/Latino. None had underlying conditions reported. At least 4 patients were uninsured, with several reporting associated care-seeking delays. Common symptoms were headache (n=18), nausea (n=13), fever (n=12), and stiff neck (n=12). Median (IQR) initial CSF results were white blood cell count (498/\u00b5L [343\u2013825]), glucose (31 mg/dL [26\u201340]), and protein (99 mg/dL [52\u20132140]). In 8 patients, CSF -\u03b2-D-Glucan was \u2265 500 pg/ml. From procedure date, average days (range) to symptom onset was 19 (0\u201358), to hospitalization was 52 (14\u2013106).In the US, the fungal meningitis outbreak has primarily affected young, healthy Hispanic/Latino women travelling to Matamoros, Mexico, for procedures and resulted in a high mortality rate (40%). CDC advises US residents against having elective procedures in Matamoros involving epidural anesthetic injection. Insurance barriers may have led to medical tourism to Mexico and subsequent delayed treatment for fungal meningitis, highlighting the need for preparation to address healthcare access disparities in future outbreaks.Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, MD, FACP, FIDSA, FSHEA, FECMM, CMQ, Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Astellas: Honoraria|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|F2G: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Honoraria|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Honoraria|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Expert Testimony|Pfizer: Honoraria|Pulmocide: Advisor/Consultant|Pulmocide: Grant/Research Support|Pulmocide: Honoraria|Scynexis: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: Honoraria|T2 biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|T2 biosystems: Grant/Research Support|T2 biosystems: Honoraria|Viracor: Advisor/Consultant|Viracor: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa is complex and multifaceted. While the novel \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors (BLI), avibactam, relebactam, and vaborbactam inhibit serine-based \u03b2-lactamases, the comparative potency of the novel \u03b2-lactam (BL) /BLI combinations against serine-carbapenemase producing P. aeruginosa is unknown. The present study sought to compare the in vitro activity of ceftazidime/avibactam, ceftazidime, imipenem/relebactam, imipenem, meropenem/vaborbactam, and meropenem against serine-\u03b2-lactamase producing P. aeruginosa.Antimicrobial resistance in P. aeruginosa were collated through the Enhancing Rational Antimicrobials against Carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (ERACE-PA) Global Surveillance. Isolates positive for serine-based carbapenemases were assessed. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution to each novel-BL/BLI and BL alone. In vitro potency was assessed by MIC50/90 and percent of isolates susceptible per CLSI guidance.Carbapenem-resistant 50/MIC90 values of 4/8 mg/L and 91% of isolates were susceptible. Conversely, ceftazidime alone was active against only 3% of isolates. The MIC50/MIC90 of imipenem/relebactam were 16/ >16 mg/L and 13% of all isolates were defined as susceptibility. Against the KPC-producing isolates, 38% were susceptible to imipenem/relebactam compared with 0% for imipenem. The meropenem/vaborbactam MIC50/MIC90 were >16/ >16 mg/L, and 6% of isolates were susceptible which was similar to meropenem alone  suggesting the addition of vaborbactam cannot overcome co-expressed, non-enzymatic resistance mechanisms.GES was the most common carbapenemase identified (n=59) followed by KPC (n=8). Ceftazidime/avibactam had MICin vitro activity and thus is a rational treatment option for serine-carbapenemase harboring P. aeruginosa. While imipenem/relebactam displayed some activity particularly against isolates with KPCbla, meropenem/vaborbactam exhibited poor activity with MICs similar to meropenem alone. These data can be integrated with rapid molecular diagnostics to guide empiric therapy.Among the novel BL/BLIs, ceftazidime/avibactam displayed better Christian M. Gill, PharmD, Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Entasis therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support David P. Nicolau, PharmD, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Allergan: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Advisor/Consultant|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase: Advisor/Consultant|Tetraphase: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt: Advisor/Consultant|Wockhardt: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "To the Editor: Despite widespread use of photography, data on patient attitudes towards photography is scarce,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdin.2023.05.010).After Institutional Review Board exemption from approval, English-speaking patients over the age of 18 undergoing in-room clinical photography (IRCP) or 3D-total body photography (3D-TBP) using Vectra WB360 system in the Memorial Sloan Kettering dermatology clinic from December 2019-September 2020 were eligible for enrollment. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured guide, consisting of a loosely predetermined framework allowing for open-ended discussion, based on a framework by Kallio et\u00a0al  and IRCP (n\u00a0=\u00a09) , alopecia , and rash .Thirty-nine patients were approached, and 18 were recruited (49%) in 2 groups: 3D-TBP ( (n\u00a0=\u00a09) . Median https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdin.2023.05.010). Other responses included physician recommendation  and diagnosis . No patients expressed concern about the consent process. Most participants were willing to allow nonclinical use of their photography: research/publication , teaching/education , and training artificial intelligence  but only if certain conditions were met: deidentification , removal of sensitive areas , or if separate consent was obtained . Almost all  considered face identifiable, but some also noted tattoos/piercings , scars , birthmarks , and jewelry  were identifiable.When asked about the reasons for photography, most participants  responded it was a routine part of care (Supplementary Table, available via Mendeley at Our study provides insight into patient perspectives on various aspects of photography. Although the experience was positive for most, some expressed concerns with sharing photographs with other providers and for nonclinical use of photographs. Patients preferred image access, particularly images containing identifiable or sensitive features, is limited to clinically necessary scenarios. For nonclinical use of photography, patients expressed need for separate consent. The wide variability in patient perspectives on \u201cidentifiability\u201d highlights the need for consensus definition. Generalizability of the results is limited due to single-institution study design at a tertiary cancer center and low diversity in participants\u2019 background. The findings of this exploratory study lay important groundwork for qualitative and quantitative studies, including ongoing quantitative studies evaluating patient and population-wide perspectives on clinical photography.Yuna Oh: Dennis Gross Skincare Foundation Grant; Mary Sun: None; Lilly Gu: None; Trina Salvador: None; Liliane Sar-Graycar: None; Dr Hay: None; Dr Quigley: None; Dr Marchetti: None; Dr Halpern: Receiving personal fees from Canfield Scientific, SciBase, and Lloyd Charitable Trust and having an equity position with HCW Health and Skip Derm; Dr Rotemberg: Expert advising for Inhabit Brands, Inc."}
{"text": "EBONI is a phase 4 effectiveness-implementation hybrid study focused on evaluating implementation of CAB LA delivery to Black cisgender and transgender women in US Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) jurisdictions. Results from the baseline survey of Staff Study Participants (SSPs) are presented here.Black women comprise 55% and 46% of new HIV diagnoses among cisgender and transgender women in the United States, respectively.1 CDC, 2021; CDC, 2019SSPs (N=65) from 14 clinics completed surveys with questions pertaining to their clinic characteristics, perceptions of populations appropriate for CAB LA, and their perceived appropriateness of CAB LA for Black women as measured by the Intervention Appropriateness Measure (IAM). The IAM uses a 5-point rating scale (1=completely disagree to 5=completely agree). One designated SSP for each clinic completed a questionnaire to assess use of PrEP at the clinic level.SSP and clinic-level characteristics are described in Tables 1 and 2. Most clinics were in the South (71.4%) and were private practice (36.4%), FQHCs (18.2%), or community-based organizations (18.2%). A total of 225 Black women across all clinics used any kind of PrEP and 69 received at least one injection of CAB LA at baseline. Most SSPs (86.2%) reported patients asked about CAB LA in their clinic.Overall, SSPs perceived Black women in their clinic as appropriate for CAB LA (IAM Mean Score=4.6). Sixty-six percent of SSPs reported there were individuals with specific demographics more appropriate for CAB LA. Of these, lesbian women, people older than 50 years of age, and heterosexual men were rated relatively lower than other demographics as appropriate by SSPs (Table 3). Having a partner living with HIV, condomless sex, and having multiple sexual partners were rated as behaviors most appropriate for CAB LA.Healthcare staff reported high levels of appropriateness of CAB LA for Black women and ranked populations and behaviors traditionally associated with PrEP as most appropriate for CAB LA. Better tools are needed to support SSPs in identifying individuals who could benefit from CAB LA.Michael Dunn, MD, Gilead: Speaker Rimgaile Urbaityte, MSc, GSK: Employment|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Kenneth Sutton, MA, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Denise Sutherland-Phillips, MD, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Alftan Dyson, PharmD, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employment Deanna Merrill, PharmD, MBA, AAHIVP, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Amber Haley, PhD, ViiV Healthcare: Former Employment Kimberley Brown, PharmD, J&J: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Empoyment Tammeka Evans, MoP, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Streptococcus pneumoniae (iSpneumo) and Streptococcus pyogenes (iGABHS) have substantial morbidity and mortality. Decrease in culture (Cx) proven iSpneumo during COVID has been reported. We used PCR in empyema fluid for enhanced SBI microbiologic diagnosis. Here, we evaluate Cx/PCR diagnosed community acquired SBI (CA-SBI) in children and relationship with Flu burden and social distancing.Association of serious bacterial infections (SBI) and preceding respiratory viral illness (RVI) has been described. Social distancing, (masking and lockdowns), in response to pandemic resulted in > 95% decrease in RVI, specifically influenza (Flu). Invasive Data from surveillance of bacteremia and CA-empyema (Cx and PCR) at our institution was used to identify CA-SBI cases in children 3 months \u2013 < 18 years. Spinal fluid Cxs were reviewed to identify meningitis cases. We used data from the Orange County Health Care Agency for detection of countywide Flu trends. We normalized yearly CA-SBI cases per 10,000 discharges, grouped them into before COVID (BC) (7/1/2017 \u2013 12/31/19) and after covid (AC) (1/1/2020 \u2013 6/30/2022), and compared to countywide Flu cases 7/1/2017 \u2013 6/30/2022.S aureus  and E coli  were most common overall  and per cohort  respectively ; 35.7% and 12.9% of iSpneumo and iGABHS respectively were identified by PCR only. Both decreased during COVID . iSpneumo and iGABHS mortality was 3.6% and 12.9% respectively. There were no iSpneumo (5/2020 \u2013 10/2021) or iGABHS 12/2020 \u2013 11/2021) cases or deaths when Flu was not circulating.We identified 361 CA-SBIs. iSpneumo and iGABHS cases decreased during social distancing, which included mandatory masking. No cases or deaths occurred when Flu was not circulating supporting association with Flu. Decrease in iSpneumo by routine pediatric vaccination has limitations due to differential protection by serotype and serotype replacement. Seasonal masking should be evaluated to decrease CA-SBI associated pediatric morbidity and mortality due to iSpneumo and iGABHS, further Flu vaccine development is needed.Antonio C. Arrieta, MD, FIDSA, FPIDS, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Honoraria|Cumberland Pharmaceutical: Grant/Research Support|IDbyDNA: Advisor/Consultant|IDbyDNA: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Roche/Genentech: Grant/Research Support|The Medicine Company: Grant/Research Support Delma Nieves, MD, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Summit Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support Negar Ashouri, MD, Merck: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Enterobacterales resistant to commonly used antibiotics, rapid diagnostic tests, such as BioFire\u2019s Blood Culture Identification 2 (BCID2) multiplex PCR panel, can be utilized to detect potential antimicrobial resistance more rapidly and help direct more appropriate empiric therapy. We describe the epidemiology of Enterobacterales bloodstream infection (BSI), associated antimicrobial resistance genes using BCID2, and subsequent susceptibility patterns at an academic medical center to develop a genotypic antibiogram.With the increasing incidence of infections from Enterobacterales BSI were included. Patient demographics, antimicrobial resistance markers, BCID2, culture, and susceptibility results were assessed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of blaCTX-M marker were compared to ceftriaxone susceptibility patterns.We reviewed all positive BCID2 results at Nebraska Medical Center from 8/1/2021\u201311/1/2022. Only monomicrobial Enterobacterales isolates, of which 236 were from male patients (52%), 189 (41%) immunocompromised patients, and 342 (75%) community onset. The most common species identified were Escherichia coli (55%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (17%). blaCTX-M was detected in 49 (11%) isolates, with 41 (84%) E. coli and 6 (12%) K. pneumoniae. blaKPC was detected in 2 isolates (1 K. oxytoca and 1 K. variicola), but no other carbapenemase genes were detected. blaCTX-M sensitivity and specificity for detection of ceftriaxone resistance was 83% and 100%, respectively. blaCTX-M PPV for ceftriaxone resistance was 100%, while the NPV of absent blaCTX-M for ceftriaxone susceptibility was 97%.We reviewed 456 unique E. coli and Klebsiella BSIs harbor blaCTX-M, while carbapenemases are rare. Utilization of rapid diagnostics can optimize antimicrobial therapy for Enterobacterales by creation of a genotypic antibiogram.Locally, the majority of ceftriaxone-resistant Scott J. Bergman, PharmD, bioMerieux, Inc.: Honoraria Trevor C. Van Schooneveld, MD, FSHEA, FACP, AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Biomeriuex: Advisor/Consultant|Biomeriuex: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: Grant/Research Support|Thermo-Fischer: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Complement Med Ther 23, 404 (2023)10.1186/s12906-023-04225-zFollowing publication of the original article , the autStacked bar graphs representing association with chiropractic degree program of graduation and ideologies, beliefs, and practice patternsEach bar graph represents the sum of all response by the labeled subgroup on the x-axis and the color, matched to each graphs respective key, is the proportion of respondents within the subgroup who selected each answer and only identified a single correct answer. Respondents who answered for more than once choice were not represented in the bar graphs.Palmer: Palmer College of Chiropractic Main Campus, Davenport, IA; CCC-KC: Cleveland University Overland Park, KS; CCC-LA: Cleveland Chiropractic College Los Angles; Life: Life University, GA; Life West: Life Chiropractic College West Hayward, CA; Logan: Logan University, Chesterfield, MO; National: National University of Health Sciences, Lombard IL and Seminole, FL; Northwestern: Northwestern Health Sciences University, Bloomington, MN; NYCC: Northeast College of Health Sciences (formerly New York Chiropractic College), Seneca Falls, NY; Palmer-FL; Palmer College Of Chiropractic Florida Campus, Port Orange, FL; Palmer-West: Palmer College of Chiropractic West Campus, San Jose, CA; Parker: Parker University, Dallas, TX; SCUHS: Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, CA; Sherman: Sherman College of Chiropractic, Spartanburg, SC; TCC: Texas Chiropractic College, Pasadena, TX; Bridgeport: University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, CT; Western States: University of Western States, Portland, ORSurvey Question #1 labels: DDx: Differential Diagnosis only; DDx\u2009>\u2009SA: Focus on differential diagnosis, sometimes includes spinal analysis; DDx\u2009+\u2009SA: Equal focus on spinal analysis to detect subluxation and differential diagnosis; SA\u2009>\u2009DDx: Focus on Spinal analysis, sometimes includes differential diagnosis; SA: Spinal analysis to detect subluxation onlySurvey Question #2 labels: nMSK: Neuromusculoskeletal Conditions; MSKgen: General and Biomechanical Conditions; MSKsub: Vertebral Subluxation as a Musculoskeletal Condition; Somatovisc: Biomechanical and Organic/Visceral Conditions; Broad: Broad Spectrum of Health Concerns Including Lifestyle and Wellness Issues; VS: Vertebral Subluxation as an Encumbrance to HealthSurvey Question #3 labels: NMSK: spine and neuromusculoskeletal focused subgroup; Primary Care: General primary care focused subgroup; Subluxation: Subluxation detection and removal subgroupSurvey Question #4 labels: None: No Role; QoL: Improving Pain/Quality of Life; ImmuneFx: Improving Nervous System/Immune System Function; Innate: Removing Interference to Innate IntelligenceSurvey Question #5 labels: SA\u2009+\u2009A: Strongly Agree and Agree responses; SD\u2009+\u2009D: Disagree and Strongly Disagree responsesSurvey Question #6 labels: SD\u2009+\u2009D: Strongly Disagree and Disagree responses; A\u2009+\u2009SA: Agree and Strongly Agree responsesThe original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa expressing serine and metallo-\u03b2-lactamases. CERTAIN-1 (Cefepime Rescue with Taniborbactam in cUTI) demonstrated that FTB was superior to meropenem (MEM) for the treatment of cUTI. Subgroup analyses were performed to determine the consistency of response, including for subgroups potentially more challenging to treat .Cefepime-taniborbactam (FTB) is an investigational \u03b2-lactam/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combination that is active against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and multidrug resistant CERTAIN-1 was a randomized, double blind, double dummy, Phase 3 study comparing FTB to MEM in adults hospitalized with cUTI or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP). The primary endpoint was the composite  response at the test of cure (TOC) visit in the microITT population. A pre-specified test for superiority for the primary endpoint was performed following confirmation of non-inferiority. Patient demographic and baseline characteristics were analyzed for composite success. Treatment difference in success rate and corresponding 95% CI were calculated.661 patients were randomized and 436 patients (66.0%) were included in the microITT population; 38.1% of patients were \u2265 65 years of age and 13.1% had baseline bacteremia. Composite success rates were 70.6% and 58.0% for FTB and MEM groups, respectively for the primary endpoint at the TOC visit and FTB was superior to MEM . Composite success rates were consistent with the primary analysis for subgroups, including BMI and renal impairment, in patients with potentially more serious infections , and in at-risk patient subgroups  (Table). No subgroup appears to have driven the overall result of superiority of FTB compared to MEM for the composite success rate.FTB was superior to MEM for the primary endpoint at TOC and composite response rates were numerically higher in all subgroups, consistent with the primary efficacy response.Mary Beth Dorr, PhD, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA): Grant/Research Support|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|Merck and Co.: Shareholder|Pfizer: Shareholder|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employee, stock options and shareholder Leanne Gasink, MD, MSCE, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA): Grant/Research Support|CSL Behring: Advisor/Consultant|CSL Behring: Consulting fees|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Evopint Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Evopint Biosciences: Consulting fees|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|LBG Consulting, LLC: Principal|Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Therapeutics: Consulting fees|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consulting fees|Vera Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Vera Therapeutics: Consulting fees Tim Henkel, MD, PhD, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA): Grant/Research Support|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employee, consulting fees, shareholder Greg Moeck, PhD, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA): Grant/Research Support|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employee, stock options and shareholder Hongzi Chen, PhD, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA): Grant/Research Support|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employee|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Scott A. McConnell, PharmD, Venatorx: employee|Venatorx: Stocks/Bonds Paul McGovern, MD, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA): Grant/Research Support|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Shareholder|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employee, stock options and shareholder"}
{"text": "Candida auris (C. auris) is a highly pathogenic, often multidrug resistant organism, that spreads in healthcare facilities. CDC recommends UWRC when a case is found in a unit. Currently, no recommendation exists for C. auris SOAC. We investigated if UWRC can be avoided, and clinical cases be prevented by SOAC in high-risk patients being admitted to an ICU.C. auris colonization  were screened for skin colonization with fungal axillary and groin swab cultures. These patients were placed on contact precautions pending test results. If C. auris was recovered, the patient would be upgraded to \u201cContact plus\u201d precautions. If cultures were negative, precautions were downgraded to standard. No UWRC would be required if patients were identified and isolated upfront. We tracked the number of SOAC and clinical cases and compared them to the number of UWRC and clinical cases in the pre-study period.We conducted a pilot QI study in which high-risk patients for C. auris UWRCs were performed per month in reaction to 18 clinical cases, with 8 positive surveillance cultures over those 3 months (0.98% positive rate). In April 2023, our pilot study month, a total of 13 admission screening cultures were collected, of which none were positive. No UWRC were performed, and no clinical cases were detected.Between January 2023 and March 2023, an average of 273 Although limited by the pre- and post-nature, the abbreviated time, and the sample size of this pilot QI study, we found that risk based SOAC is a strategy that warrants further study as an alternative to UWRC, which are costly and labor intensive.Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, MD, FACP, FIDSA, FSHEA, FECMM, CMQ, Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Pulmocide: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|T2 Biosystems: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Pythium insidiosum, is a neglected, life-threatening condition which carried a 100% mortality rate, within 3 months, among patients with residual disease after surgery, regardless of antifungal treatment. Recently, Thai P. insidiosum isolates were found to susceptible to doxycycline and azithromycin, with evidence of synergy. We report results of a clinical trial from 15 centers in Thailand .Vascular pythiosis, caused by P. insidiosum-specific antibodies, positive cultures, or positive histopathology. All received surgery, itraconazole, doxycycline, and azithromycin. Patients were followed up until 6 months after diagnosis. Subsequent follow-ups after 6 months were at the clinician\u2019s discretion if there were any concerns for residual diseases or unresectable arterial lesions.This study enrolled patients with vascular pythiosis who had 2 of the 4 diagnostic criteria: consistent clinical presentation, positive serum Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia). Among patients with residual disease, 1 (7.1%) died and 13 are still alive. Median follow-up time (IQR) among patients with residual disease was 385 (209-622) days. There were no statistical differences in time from onset to surgery and time from onset to first antimicrobial between patients with and without residual disease after surgery (Table). One patient had to stop doxycycline prematurely due to photosensitivity.40 patients were enrolled, with a median age (interquartile range [IQR]) of 51 (45-56) years. 38 (95%) had major thalassemia, 1 (2.5%) had liver cirrhosis, and 1 (2.5%) had myeloproliferative syndrome. None had known immunocompromised conditions. After surgery, 14 (35%) still had residual diseases. At 6 months after diagnosis, 3 (7.5%) patients died (disseminated pythiosis, sepsis with multi-organ failure, and ESBL Patient characteristicsIQR: interquartile range; N: numberThe new treatment combination with surgery, itraconazole, azithromycin, and doxycycline improved survival among patients with vascular pythiosis who had residual disease.Nitipong Permpalung, MD, MPH, Alcimed: Advisor/Consultant|CareDx: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Clarion: Advisor/Consultant|ClearView: Advisor/Consultant|IMMY Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The 11,805 Enterobacterales from the USA were tested for susceptibility (%S) using CLSI broth microdilution with cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) or iron-depleted CAMHB for CFDC. Comparator agents included \u03b2-lactam/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) combinations ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T), imipenem-relebactam (I-R) meropenem-vaborbactam (MVB), piperacillin-tazobactam (P/T) as well as meropenem (MEM), cefepime (FEP) and ceftazidime (CAZ). Susceptibility was interpreted according to 2022 CLSI & FDA breakpoints. Carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) was defined as resistant to imipenem (IPM) and MEM. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterobacterales was defined as nonsusceptible to at least 1 drug from \u2265 3 classes and extensively drug resistant (XDR) as susceptible to \u2264 2 classes per 2022 CLSI criteria.The most common infection type from which isolates were collected was urinary tract infection , followed by bloodstream infection , pneumonia , intra-abdominal infections , and skin-soft tissue infections . Among CRE and MDR isolates, CFDC was the most active agent ( > 98%S) for isolates from BSI, PNA, and UTI. Among XDR isolates from BSI and PNA, %S to CFDC ( > 97%) was highest amongst all agents tested. Of the Bl/BLIs, C/T and P/T demonstrated the lowest %S against CRE and MDR isolates from BSI, PNA, UTI and among XDR isolates from BSI and PNA.in vitro activity against Enterobacterales regardless of infection type. Susceptibility for comparator agents was generally lower against isolates with CRE, MDR, and XDR phenotypes. CFDC represents a potential early treatment option for infections caused by Enterobacterales with presumed or defined CRE, MDR, XDR phenotypes, regardless of infection type.CFDC demonstrated high Jason J. Bryowsky, PharmD, MS, Shionogi Inc.: Employee Boudewijn L. DeJonge, PhD, Shionogi Inc.: Employee Sean T. Nguyen, PharmD, Shionogi: Employee|Shionogi, Inc: Employee Joshua Maher, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Affinity Biosensors: Grant/Research Support|AimMax Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Alterity Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Amicrobe, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Arietis Pharma: Grant/Research Support|Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Astrellas Pharma, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica AG: Grant/Research Support|Becton Dickinson And Company: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Boost Biomes: Grant/Research Support|Diamond V: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics plc: Grant/Research Support|Johnson & Johnson: Grant/Research Support|Kaleido Biosciences, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co. Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|National Institutes of Health: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Roche Holding AG: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Summmit Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Zoetis Inc: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Miki Takemura, n/a, Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Stocks/Bonds Yoshinori Yamano, PhD, Shionogi HQ: Employee"}
{"text": "Ceftobiprole medocaril is currently being developed for the treatment of patients with SAB, including infective endocarditis. PK-PD target attainment analyses were performed in order to provide support for ceftobiprole dosing regimens for the treatment of patients with SAB.Ceftobiprole medocaril is an intravenously (IV) administered cephalosporin that is rapidly converted to the active moiety ceftobiprole in vitro surveillance data for S. aureus, percent probabilities of PK-PD target attainment were evaluated for ceftobiprole dosing regimens among simulated patients with SAB. Simulated patients by creatinine clearance group (CLcr) and resembling the clinical trial population of the ERADICATE Phase 3 study  were generated using replication of these clinical trial data. Dosing regimens by CLcr group that matched drug exposures to ceftobiprole 500 mg IV every 6 hours on Days 1 to 8 and every 8 hours on Day 9 and onwards among simulated patients with normal renal function were identified and then assessed among simulated patients. Randomly assigned ceftobiprole free-drug plasma %T > MIC targets associated with net bacterial stasis and a 1-log10 CFU reduction from baseline for S. aureus based on data from a neutropenic murine-thigh infection model were assessed.Using a previously developed population PK model for ceftobiprole, %T > MIC targets for efficacy, and Table 1. Table 2 shows the percent probabilities of PK-PD target attainment by MIC value and overall on Days 1 and 10. The highest MIC values at which percent probabilities of PK-PD target attainment were \u2265 90% based on free-drug plasma %T > MIC targets associated with net bacterial stasis and a 1-log10 CFU reduction from baseline for S. aureus were \u2265 4 \u00b5g/mL  among simulated patient groups. Overall percent probabilities of PK-PD target attainment were > 99.9%.Selected ceftobiprole dosing regimens for patients with SAB by CLcr group are shown in Results of PK-PD target attainment analyses provided support for ceftobiprole dosing regimens for patients with SAB with 500 mg IV every 6 hours on Days 1 to 8 and every 8 hours from Day 9. Dosing regimens were adjusted for renal function.Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Jeffrey P. Hammel, MS, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Anthony J. Rinaldo, B.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Jennifer Smart, PhD, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds Karine Litherland, Ph.D., Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Full time employee|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds Leonard R. Duncan, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mark E. Jones, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Marc Engelhardt, MD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Paul G. Ambrose, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Christopher M. Rubino, PharmD, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Acinetobacter baumannii calcoaceticus species complex (ACB) isolates, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) and carbapenem-resistant strains. SUL-DUR is a combination of sulbactam, a \u03b2-lactam antibacterial with activity against ACB and durlobactam, a \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor with activity against Class A, C and D \u03b2-lactamases. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro activity of SUL-DUR, as well as double and triple combinations of SUL, DUR and cefiderocol or imipenem against a set of 66 ACB isolates.Sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR) is in clinical development for the treatment of Activity of sulbactam-durlobactam (fixed 4 mg/L), antibacterial combinations, and comparators against a set of 66 A. baumannii-calcoaceticus species complex isolatesBacterial isolates consisted of 41 ACB isolates from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Antimicrobial Resistance Bank and 25 molecularly characterized cefiderocol-resistant ACB clinical isolates from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. ACB identifications were confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Susceptibility testing of SUL-DUR and comparators was conducted according to CLSI M07 (2018) and M100 (2023) guidelines. Susceptibility testing of cefiderocol and cefiderocol combinations was conducted in Chelex-treated Mueller-Hinton broth. Cefiderocol and imipenem results were interpreted using CLSI breakpoint criteria50/90, 2/4 mg/L; 98.5% inhibited at \u22644 mg/L), cefiderocol-sulbactam-durlobactam , and imipenem-sulbactam-durlobactam  were the most active combinations tested against the set of 66 A. baumannii isolates (Table). Against these isolates, cefiderocol and imipenem susceptibilities were 37.9% (CLSI) and 9.1% (CLSI), respectively.SUL-DUR  was active against the ACB isolates tested regardless of cefiderocol susceptibility, including MDR and carbapenem-resistant isolates. The addition of imipenem or cefiderocol to SUL-DUR did not greatly improve SUL-DUR activity  when compared to SUL-DUR tested alone. The potent activity of SUL-DUR against this set of ACB isolates, including cefiderocol-resistant strains, supports the continued development of this combination.Overall, SUL-DUR (MICMichael D. Huband, BS, BARDA: This study has been funded in part by BARDA under Contract No. 75A50120C00001.|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Gina M. Morgan, MS, Entasis: Grant/Research Support Holly Huynh, BS, Entasis: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Mpox virus was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization in July 2022. The full range of clinical manifestations of this emerging infectious disease continues to be elucidated.We present a case series and literature review of patients with mpox myocarditis and pericarditis, including demographics, clinical symptoms, diagnostic and management strategies, and outcomes.We identified 13 patients aged 21-51 (median 32) years with polymerase chain reaction-confirmed mpox and myopericarditis (n=3), pericarditis (n=1), or myocarditis (n=9), from 6 countries on 3 continents. All but one were men. One was HIV-positive  and 4 were on HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. None had prior cardiac disease and 3 used tobacco. Most acquired mpox via sexual contact; one heterosexual patient reported non-sexual close contact. Cutaneous/mucosal lesions occurred in 11/13 patients, and fever in 11/13. Where reported, cardiac symptom onset was 2-8 (median 5.5) days after mpox illness onset. C-reactive protein ranged from 9.3-154.5 (median 52.6) mg/L. Diagnosis of myocarditis/myopericarditis was based on symptoms , elevated troponin , supportive electrocardiogram (ECG) findings , and/or cardiac imaging findings . In the pericarditis case, ECG showed widespread ST elevation and echocardiogram showed hyperdynamic LV. Treatments included ASA or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (n=7), tecovirimat (n=5), colchicine (n=4), ACE-inhibitors (n=3) and bisoprolol (n=3). All were hospitalized, with lengths of stay of 4-10 days, and at least 3 patients required intensive care. Cardiac symptom recovery occurred within 1-3 days of admission; in at least 1 patient symptoms continued beyond 1 month.Mpox is rarely associated with myocarditis and/or pericarditis, with cardiac symptoms beginning on day 2-8 after illness onset. Long-term outcomes require further study.C\u00e9cile Tremblay, MD, Association canadienne de protection m\u00e9dicale: Expert Testimony|Astra-Zeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Astra-Zeneca: Honoraria|Canadian Institutes of Health Research: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria|Medicago: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria|National Institute of Health: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant Darrell H. S. Tan, MD PhD, Abbvie: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Glaxo Smith Kline: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Mucormycosis is a life-threatening invasive fungal infection associated with high mortality. Amphotericin B is first-line therapy; however, the benefit of high doses remains uncertain. The purpose of this study is to describe outcomes in patients treated with high dose versus standard dose liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) for mucormycosis.This was a retrospective cohort study of adults \u2265 18 years treated with L-AMB for proven or probable invasive mucormycosis at Massachusetts General Hospital and Brigham & Women\u2019s Hospital from 2016-2022. L-AMB dosing was based on clinician preference. Patients were excluded if L-AMB began > 7 days prior to admission. Patients were categorized per L-AMB dose: standard dose  and high dose (\u2265 6 mg/kg for at least one dose). The primary outcome was 6- and 12-week mortality.67 patients were treated with L-AMB for proven or probable mucormycosis during the study period: 57 with standard dose and 10 with at least 1 high dose of L-AMB. Baseline characteristics are shown in Table-1. More patients in the standard dose group had underlying hematologic malignancy. About one third of patients had underlying diabetes and this was evenly distributed between groups. Table-2 shows infection- and treatment-related details. Proven invasive mucormycosis was diagnosed in 51/57 (89%) and 6/10 (60%) patients in the standard and high dose groups, respectively. The most common site of infection in both groups was skin/bone. Approximately 35/57 (61%) and 8/10 (80%) patients in the standard and high dose groups, respectively, had surgical debridement. Mortality at 6- and 12- weeks and renal toxicity outcomes are shown in Table-3. In the entire cohort at 6- and 12 weeks death occurred in 25/67 (37%) and 33/67 (49%) patients, respectively; no difference in mortality was seen between the standard and high dose groups. There appeared to be no difference in renal outcomes, though more patients in the standard dose group required renal replacement therapy within 6-weeks of diagnosis.We observed no difference in 6- and 12-week mortality among patients treated with L-AMB at standard and high doses for invasive mucormycosis. Mortality at 6- and 12-weeks of mucormycosis diagnosis remains high.Ramy H. Elshaboury, PharmD, DayZero Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Thermofisher: Grant/Research Support Sophia Koo, MD, SM, Aerium Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support Sarah P. Hammond, MD, F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|Seres therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "E. coli caused uUTI using predictive modeling and evaluated its clinical validity.Empiric antibiotic (ABX) treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTIs) can be ineffective due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Understanding the risk of AMR using data-driven approaches can inform appropriate ABX selection. We developed an AMR pathogen risk categorization framework in E. coli urine culture treated with nitrofurantoin (NTF), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT), fluoroquinolones (FQs), or beta-lactams (BLs) were identified from the Optum de-identified electronic health record data set (Oct 2015\u2013Feb 2020). We developed predictive models using machine learning to quantify AMR probability for each ABX class. A framework with 3 risk categories  was constructed using the predicted probability (PP) of non-susceptibility (NS) (Table 1). Six patient profiles from differing risk categorizations were reviewed for clinical validity by 5 clinicians .Eligible females with uUTI confirmed by positive Figure 1). After review of the patient profiles (Table 2), clinical experts confirmed the consistency of modeled risk classification for all 6 patients with their own assessment of AMR risk across all drug classes. Patient 1 was aged 20 yrs, White, West residence, no UTI or ABX history 1 year prior to her uUTI; PP of NS was low  and was classified as low risk for all ABX classes. In contrast, patient 6 was post-menopausal, Black, Midwest residence, and had UTI episodes, prior AMR, and multiple healthcare visits 1 year prior to uUTI. She had high PP of NS  and was categorized as high risk for all ABX classes.Of 87,487 eligible patients, approximately half were classified as low or high risk (44.0\u201349.1% across ABX classes). The proportion of patients with infections due to NS organisms was 5\u201312-fold higher among patients classified as high or moderate vs low risk (AMR risk varied greatly between patients. Our prediction model contextualizes patients\u2019 AMR PP to 4 commonly prescribed ABX classes in the setting of uUTIs. Clinical application of this framework could inform appropriate empiric ABX selection for patients with uUTI.Ryan K. Shields, PharmD, MS, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Utility: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Grant/Research Support Wendy Y. Cheng, MPH, PhD, ORCID: 0000-0002-8281-2496, Analysis Group, Inc.: Wendy Y. Cheng is an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., a consulting company that received funding from GSK to conduct this study Kal\u00e9 Kponee-Shovein, ScD, Analysis Group, Inc: Employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which received funding from GSK to conduct the study Fernando Kuwer, MSc, Analysis Group, Inc.: Employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which received funding from GSK to conduct the study Chi Gao, ScD, Analysis Group, Inc.: Employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which received funding from GSK to conduct the study Ashish V. Joshi, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Fanny S. Mitrani-Gold, MPH, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Patrick Schwab, PhD, GSK: Employment|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Diogo Ferrinho, PharmD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Malena Mahendran, MS, Analysis Group, Inc.: Malena Mahendran is an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., a consulting company that received funding from GSK to conduct this study Daniel Indacochea, PhD, Analysis Group, Inc.: Employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which received funding from GSK to conduct the study Lisa Pinheiro, MFin, Analysis Group, Inc.: Employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which received funding from GSK to conduct the study Jimmy Royer, PhD, Analysis Group, Inc.: Employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which received funding from GSK to conduct the study Madison T. Preib, MPH, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Jennifer Han, MD, GSK: Employment|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Richard Colgan, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Patient Prefer Adherence 2012; 6 369\u201388). Esketamine nasal spray (NS), in combination with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) or serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), increases remission and response rates in patients with TRD compared with placebo plus SSRI/SNRI . ESCAPE-TRD (NCT04338321) is the first randomised clinical trial to compare esketamine NS to quetiapine extended-release (XR), an antipsychotic augmentation therapy for patients with TRD.Treatment resistant depression (TRD) is estimated to affect 10\u201330% of patients with major depressive disorder (Al\u2011Harbi To explore the efficacy and safety of esketamine NS compared with quetiapine XR in TRD over 32 weeks (wks).In the ESCAPE-TRD phase IIIb open-label, rater-blinded trial, patients were randomised 1:1 to esketamine NS  or quetiapine XR (150\u2013300 mg daily) both in combination with an ongoing SSRI/SNRI. Remission  and response  rates were analysed over time using last observation carried forward. MADRS change from baseline was analysed using Mixed Models for Repeated Measures (MMRM). The most common adverse events (AEs) leading to discontinuation are reported for patients who received \u22651 dose of study medication.Figure). The most common AEs leading to treatment discontinuation for esketamine NS were dizziness , dissociation  and vomiting , and for quetiapine XR were sedation , weight increased  and somnolence .At baseline, 336 patients were randomised to esketamine NS and 340 to quetiapine XR. A significantly higher percentage of patients in the esketamine NS group achieved remission (at each visit from Wk6 [p=0.008] onward) and response (at each visit from Day 15 [p<0.001] onward) versus patients treated with quetiapine XR. Esketamine NS significantly improved MADRS score compared to quetiapine XR at each visit from Day 8 onwards, with an average difference over time in the least squares means total MADRS score change from baseline of -2.4  on major depression, bipolar disorder, ADHD and suicidal behaviour (aided in developing guidelines); board member of DGBS, DGPPN, ECNP and German Depression Foundation, Speakers bureau of: (and participated in advisory boards over the last 3 years) for Cyclerion, Janssen, Medice, SAGE/Biogen and Shire/Takeda; received speaker\u2019s honoraria from Das Fortbildungskolleg; , A. E. An\u0131l Ya\u011fc\u0131o\u011flu Grant / Research support from: Participated as an investigator for Janssen, Speakers bureau of: (and participated in advisory boards over the last 3 years) for Janssen and Abdi \u0130brahim Otsuka, A. Luts Speakers bureau of: (or participated in advisory boards for or participated as an investigator) for Janssen-Cilag, Asarina Pharma, Bristol Meyer Squibb, Dr August Wolff GmbH & Co, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Pfizer, Allergan, Sunovion and Regeneron., T. Messer Consultant of: National Care Guidelines  on major depression (aided in developing guidelines), Speakers bureau of: (and participated in advisory boards) for Janssen-Cilag and Otsuka/Lundbeck, R. Nielsen Consultant of: Board member of DSAL and IGSLi, Speakers bureau of:  for Boehringer Ingelheim, Compass Pharmaceuticals, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Sage and Teva Pharmaceuticals, J. Buyze Employee of: Janssen, T. Ito Employee of: Janssen, Y. Kambarov Employee of: Janssen, S. Mulhern Haughey Employee of: Janssen, B. Rive Employee of: Janssen, I. Usankova Employee of: Janssen, C. von Holt Employee of: Janssen, Y. Godinov Employee of: Janssen"}
{"text": "Correction: Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research (2023) 18:778 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-023-04211-81, Chuchard Punsawad1, Rapheeporn Khwanchuea1, Naparat Sukkriang1, Pirada Yincharoen1 and Chaiwat Rerkswattavorn1* have been added to the author group and are presented correctly in this correction article.Following publication of the original article , the autFirst author: Wandee ChanprasertpinyoSecond author: Chuchard PunsawadThird author: Rapheeporn KhwanchueaFourth author: Naparat SukkriangFifth author: Pirada YincharoenCorresponding author: Chaiwat RerkswattavornThe affiliation of all authors is School of Medicine, Walailak University, 222, Thai Buri, Tha Sala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, 80160, Thailand.The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Acinetobacter spp., including multidrug resistant strains. ATTACK was a global, active-controlled Phase 3 trial conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SUL-DUR vs. colistin for patients with Acinetobacter infections. Both arms were dosed on a background of imipenem/cilastatin to treat co-infecting Gram-negative pathogens. Here, the in vitro activity of carbapenems with or without SUL-DUR added against P. aeruginosa (PA) or Enterobacterales is presented.Sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR) is a targeted \u03b2-lactam/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combination in development for the treatment of infections caused by Broth minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for single, double, and triple combinations of sulbactam, durlobactam and imipenem or meropenem were determined following CLSI methodologies. Two different sets of isolates were tested: 104 molecularly characterized clinical isolates and 69 co-infecting baseline pathogens from the ATTACK trial.Enterobacterales isolates, the MIC90s of imipenem and meropenem were reduced from 32 and >32 \u03bcg/ml to 2 \u03bcg/ml in the presence of durlobactam. Against 49 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa, addition of durlobactam reduced the imipenem MIC90 8-fold from 32 to 4 \u03bcg/ml and the meropenem MIC90 from 64 to 16 \u03bcg/ml. Of the 39 co-infecting pathogens from ATTACK, 30 (43%) were carbapenem non-susceptible . Addition of durlobactam restored imipenem susceptibility to 83% (N = 25) and meropenem susceptibility to 70% (N = 21) of these isolates. No antagonism was observed for any durlobactam combination tested. The addition of sulbactam had no effect on the antibacterial activity of either carbapenem -/+ durlobactam added for any of the isolates in this study.Against 55 in vitro antibacterial activity of imipenem and meropenem against a majority of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa clinical isolates, while the addition of sulbactam had no effect on any combination tested. These results indicate that durlobactam has the potential to restore carbapenem activity against these organisms when present in Acinetobacter polymicrobial infections.The addition of durlobactam restored the Sarah McLeod, PhD, Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Employee|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Employee|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Nicole Carter, MS, Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Employee|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Samir Moussa, PhD, Innoviva: Stocks/Bonds|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Employee|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Alita Miller, PhD, Entasis Therapeutics: employee|Entasis Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is ubiquitous and infects almost all children during the first two years of life; infants (<1 year) and children with high-risk conditions  are at an increased risk for severe infection and hospitalization. Most patients are managed at home, yet data are sparse on the natural history of RSV infection in non-hospitalized populations. To address this gap, the natural history of RSV infection in children (< 2 years) initially managed in the outpatient setting was examined in two US data sources, by COVID-19 era.In Optum and Truveta, both US-based, electronic health record databases, infection episodes among children (< 2 years) with a positive RSV laboratory test  in the ambulatory setting were identified prior to , or during  the COVID-19 pandemic. Episodes were excluded if immediately hospitalized (within 24 hours of index), and multiple infections per patient were allowed if >28 days apart. First occurrence of all-cause hospitalization was assessed 14 and 28 days after index.During the pre-COVID-19 era, mean age ranged from 8.6-8.7 months, while during the COVID-19 era, mean age was slightly higher at 9.7-9.8 months (Table 1). Infants < 1 month were most commonly hospitalized after an initial outpatient visit, compared to older infants (Table 2). In 28 days of follow-up, the hospitalization proportion among children < 2 years ranged from 4.8-5.6% pre-COVID-19 and 3.6-5.4% during the COVID-19 pandemic (Table 2), similar to values using 14 days of follow-up. Risk was higher in Truveta than Optum; hospitalization in neonates (< 1 month) increased in the COVID-19 era compared to pre-COVID-19, while the opposite was true for children < 2 years.Most RSV outcomes occurred within 14 days of a positive test. Despite healthcare disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic, an appreciable proportion of children were hospitalized after RSV infection diagnosed in the outpatient setting, especially among infants < 1 year. Future work will investigate sources of heterogeneity in results across data sources.Diana Garofalo, PhD MPH, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Sima Toussi, MD, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Joshua T. Swan, PharmD, MPH, BCPS, FCCM, CareDx: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|Grifols Share Services North America: Grant/Research Support|Heron Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Kedrion Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|Kedrion Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Pacira Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|VigiLanz Corporation: Grant/Research Support Maria Kudela, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Padmalatha Reddy, Ph.D., Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Stephen E. Schachterle, Pfizer Inc., Pfizer Inc.: Full time employee|Pfizer Inc.: Ownership Interest|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Suzanne Landi, PhD, Pfizer, Inc: Employment|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Anindita Banerjee, Phd, Pfizer: Employee and stockholder Margaret Tawadrous, MD, MS, Pfizer: Full time employee|Pfizer: Full-time employee|Pfizer: Full-time employee|Pfizer: Full -time employee|Pfizer: Ownership Interest|Pfizer: Ownership Interest|Pfizer: Ownership Interest|Pfizer: Ownership Interest|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Niki Alami, MD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Scott P. Kelly, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "While the number of immunocompromised (IC) individuals continues to rise, the existing literature on influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) in IC populations is limited. IC individuals have a higher risk of severe influenza and influenza-related hospitalizations, and understanding the VE of the seasonal influenza vaccines in IC populations remains paramount.>18 years.Using 2017-2018 US Flu VE Network (US Flu VE) data, we examined the VE of the 2017-2018 seasonal influenza vaccine against symptomatic influenza in outpatient settings among IC adults. Patients were enrolled from outpatient sites in five states. IC status was determined by ICD-10 codes. We used logistic regression and adjusted for enrollment site, race, self-reported general health status, age, and onset date of symptoms. Separate models were used to calculate and compare the VE for non-IC and IC among outpatient adults 5671 participants were included in the adult analytic dataset, and 455 (8%) were IC. The VE among non-IC was 31%  and among IC participants was -4 % . P-value for interaction by IC status was 0.100.We observed lower VE against symptomatic influenza among non-hospitalized patients with immunocompromising conditions though the difference was not statistically significant. This study demonstrates the capacity to study a large IC population using an existing influenza VE network and contributes to the literature to support large, multicenter VE studies for IC populations.Richard K. Zimmerman, MA; MD; MPH; MS, Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support MaryPatricia Nowalk, PhD, RDN, Merck & Co.: Grant/Research Support|Merck & Co.: Honoraria|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support Fernanda P. Silveira, MD, Ansun: Grant/Research Support|Eurofins Viracor: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Emily T. Martin, PhD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa with difficult-to-treat resistance are likely to receive meropenem (MEM) as an empiric therapy before escalation to broader agent such as ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) after antimicrobial susceptibility data are available. We assessed if pre-exposure to MEM impacted the development of C/T-resistance upon C/T exposure.Patients infected with P. aeruginosa isolates were assessed. Isolates were exposed to 16 mg/L MEM concentration for 72h, interrupted by wash step every 24h to avoid drug degradation and antibiotic carryover. Then, isolates were serially passaged in the presence of C/T as two groups: MEM-exposed group inoculated with MEM pre-exposed isolates and non-MEM control group. Three consecutive passages took place at a C/T concentration of 10 mg/L for 72h. After 24 h intervals, samples were serially diluted, plated onto Mueller Hinton agar, and incubated to quantify bacterial densities (log10 cfu/mL). Samples were plated on drug free and drug containing agar (C/T concentration 16 mg/L) where growth on C/T agar indicated resistance development. Resistant population was calculated by dividing the cfu/mL on C/T containing plates by the cfu/mL on drug free agar . Percentage of C/T-resistant population was compared between MEM-exposed and MEM non-exposed passages of each isolate.Six clinical Table 1). In three isolates, MEM exposure significantly increases the prevalence of resistance development against C/T; the percentage of resistance population for the three isolates were 100%, 31%, and 3% for the MEM-exposed versus 0%, 0.35%, and \u22640.0003% in the unexposed groups. One isolate had similar percent resistant population at 72 h between groups (\u22640.003 and \u22640.005%). The remaining isolates showed no development of resistance in either group.At 72 h, resistant populations were detected in 4/6 isolates (in vivo and clinical data are needed to further assess the clinical implications of these findings.Previous MEM exposure may pre-dispose to C/T resistance development upon exposure limiting therapeutic utility. Resistance may be a result of the stress exposure or molecular level mutations conferring cross-resistance. Further Samantha Nicolau, PhD, Sanofi Pasteur: full time research scientist Patricia J. Simner, PhD, Affinity Biosensors: Grant/Research Support|BD Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|BD Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|GeneCapture: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|OpGen Inc: Board Member|OpGen Inc: Grant/Research Support|OpGen Inc: Honoraria|Qiagen Sciences Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Qiagen Sciences Inc: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi Inc: Advisor/Consultant|T2 Biosystems: Grant/Research Support David P. Nicolau, PharmD, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Allergan: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Advisor/Consultant|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase: Advisor/Consultant|Tetraphase: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt: Advisor/Consultant|Wockhardt: Grant/Research Support Christian M. Gill, PharmD, Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Entasis therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "While Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (RV/EV) infections are common, the clinical characteristics of infections in hospitalized adults are not fully understood.Adults \u2265 50 years of age hospitalized for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) or exacerbations of CHF or COPD in two hospitals in Atlanta, GA during the 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 respiratory seasons were offered enrollment. Following informed consent, participants were tested via BioFire\u00ae FilmArray\u00ae respiratory panels of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs (combined), and standard-of-care molecular testing results were also recorded. Subjects were considered positive for RV/EV if any method of testing resulted positive. Baseline characteristics and clinical features were gathered via subject interviews and medical record abstractions. Variables were compared between subjects with RV/EV and two control groups: those negative for all pathogens and those negative for only RV/EV. Participants with RV/EV who had co-infections were excluded from the analysis. Descriptive statistics were performed using SAS v9.4.Of 1429 enrolled participants, 123 (8.6%) were positive for RV/EV, of whom 111 had RV/EV alone. When compared to those negative for all tested pathogens (n=1034), participants with RV/EV more commonly had underlying COPD  and less commonly had CHF  or experienced acute myocardial dysfunction . Participants with RV/EV also more commonly experienced fever , cough , sore throat , chest pain , and dyspnea/respiratory distress  than those negative for all pathogens. Differences between RV/EV positive and negative groups were similar to the all pathogen negative group, with the exception of no significant differences in acute myocardial dysfunction, fever, and COPD in the RV/EV negative group.Among older adults hospitalized with ARIs, CHF, and/or COPD exacerbations, RV/EV was associated with symptoms of both upper and lower respiratory tract infection and was more frequent identified among those with COPD.Elizabeth Begier, M.D., M.P.H., Pfizer: EB is an employee of Pfizer, the sponsor of this study|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Qing Liu, M.S., Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Bradford J. Gessner, M.D., M.P.H., Pfizer: I am an employee of Pfizer|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Benjamin Lopman, PhD, Epidemiological Research and Methods, LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Hillevax, Inc: Advisor/Consultant Satoshi Kamidani, MD, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Emergent BioSolutions: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc: Grant/Research Support Nadine Rouphael, MD, Icon, EMMES, Sanofi, Seqirus, Moderna: Advisor/Consultant Evan J. Anderson, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc.: Safety Monitoring Board|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Currently an employee|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Safety Monitoring Board|WCG/ACI Clinical: Data Adjudication Board Christina A. Rostad, MD, BioFire Inc.: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|MedImmune LLC: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: RSV vaccine technology|Merck & Co., Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Micron Technology, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|PaxVax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Mangrove wetlands are coastal ecosystems with important ecological features and provide habitats for diverse microorganisms with key roles in nutrient and biogeochemical cycling. However, the overall metabolic potentials and ecological roles of microbial community in mangrove sediment are remained unanswered. In current study, the microbial and metabolic profiles of prokaryotic and fungal communities in mangrove sediments were investigated using metagenomic analysis based on PacBio single-molecule real time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing techniques.Candidatus Cosmopoliota with a ubiquitous distribution is proposed. Genomic analysis revealed that this new phylum is capable of utilizing various types of organic substrates, anaerobic fermentation, and carbon fixation with the Wood-Ljungdahl (WL) pathway and the reverse tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle.Comparing to Illumina short reads, the incorporation of PacBio long reads significantly contributed to more contiguous assemblies, yielded more than doubled high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), and improved the novelty of the MAGs. Further metabolic reconstruction for recovered MAGs showed that prokaryotes potentially played an essential role in carbon cycling in mangrove sediment, displaying versatile metabolic potential for degrading organic carbons, fermentation, autotrophy, and carbon fixation. Mangrove fungi also functioned as a player in carbon cycling, potentially involved in the degradation of various carbohydrate and peptide substrates. Notably, a new candidate bacterial phylum named as The study not only highlights the advantages of HiSeq-PacBio Hybrid assembly for a more complete profiling of environmental microbiomes but also expands our understanding of the microbial diversity and potential roles of distinct microbial groups in biogeochemical cycling in mangrove sediment.Video AbstractThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40168-023-01630-x. With the development of high-throughput sequencing techniques, metagenomic sequencing has becoming a paradigm shift for the study and exploration on microbial community , 2. ContIllumina sequencing platform has become the most widely used method for metagenomic studies because of its high accuracy (0.1\u20131% error rates) and throughput . HoweverRepresented by Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), the recently emerged third-generation sequencing platforms offer a possible solution to partly resolve ambiguous repetitive regions and to improve genome contiguity , 13. AltMangrove wetlands represent an important coastal ecotype widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions , 23. BecHere, we conducted a metagenomic survey based on separate assembly of Illumina short reads, PacBio long reads, and a combination of these two (Hybrid assembly) to investigate the microbial community and metabolic potentials in the mangrove sediment Fig.\u00a0. Our res4+), nitrate nitrogen (N/NO3\u2212), total phosphorus (TP), and total sulfur (TS), were determined following the description of Zhang et al. -Hydrogenases, [FeFe]-Hydrogenases, Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes), and dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsr) genes. Fig. S8. Read count of microbial community and specific genes in different sediment depth. Read counts are standardized to CPM (count (read) per million reads). (a) Read count of Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, Archaea, Bacteria, and Fungi based on 16S rRNA and ITS genes against SILVA database and UNITE database for all eukaryotes, respectively. (b) Read count of Hydrogenases, [NiFe]-Hydrogenases, [FeFe]-Hydrogenases, Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes (CAZymes), and dissimilatory sulfite reductase (dsr) genes. Fig. S9. Read count of metagenomic reads for specific genes in different sediment depth. Read counts are standardized to CPM (count (read) per million reads). Abbreviation: NiFe/FeFe, [NiFe]-/[FeFe]-hydrogenases; atpA, ATP synthase; coxA, cytochrome c oxidase; cyoA, cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase; ccoN, cytochrome c oxidase; HCO, haem-copper oxidase genes ; cydA, cytochrome bd oxidase; acsB, acetyl-CoA synthase; mcrA, methyl-CoM reductase; dsr, dissimilatory sulfite reductase; sor, sulfur oxygenase/reductase; narG, dissimilatory nitrate reductase; napA, periplasmic nitrate reductase; nir, dissimilatory nitrite reductase; nrf, ammonifying nitrite reductase; nif, nitrogenase; nifH, nitrogenase iron protein; rbcL, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase; pfor, pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Fig. S10. Glycoside hydrolases (GH) identified by CAZy searches of the MAGs. GH families that contain enzymes that are not specifically involved in degradation were specifically identified by Pfam or EC numbers in the annotations, based on Wrighton et al. 2014. Fig. S11. Pathway completeness of all refined MAGs calculated by KEGGDecoder. The pathway completeness is defined as the percentage of core genes of specific pathways identified in each MAG. Complete lists of metabolic genes or pathways can be found in Dataset Shttps://github.com/bjtully/BioData/blob/master/KEGGDecoder/KOALA_definitions.txt. The up row of heatmap shows the MAG completeness, and the bottom raw represent the phylogenetic information of each MAG at phylum level (Archaea in purple and Bacteria in blue). Fig. S12. The phylogenetic tree of Candidatus Cosmopoliota and the adjacent phyla based on 16S rRNA genes. The genomes of Ca. Cosmopoliota are labeled in orange color and bold font. Fig. S13. The average amino acid identity (AAI) values between each genome in Candidatus Cosmopoliota and the adjacent phyla. The genomes of Ca. Cosmopoliota are labeled in orange color and bold font. Fig. S14. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between the 16S rRNA genes of Ca. Cosmopoliota and the adjacent phyla. The genomes of Ca. Cosmopoliota are labeled in orange color and bold font.Additional file 2: Dataset S1. Sheet1: Sample information; Sheet2: Stats of raw data; Sheet3: Microbial community estimated based on 16S rRNA (for Prokaryotes) and ITS (for Eukaryotes) by graftM search on SILVA database and blastn search on UNITE database, respectively; Sheet4: Specific genes of prokaryotic community.Additional file 3: Dataset S2. Sheet1: Assembly details of different sequencing methods; Sheet2: Stats of MAGs derived from different sequencing methods and refined MAGs; Sheet3: Draft MAGs used to compare the effects of different assemble methods; Sheet4: Classification, quality, details, coverage depth, and gene number of refined MAGs; Sheet5: Pathway completeness of all refined MAGs calculated by KEGGDecoder; Sheet6: Gene numbers of each pathway annotated by METABOLIC software; Sheet7: Glycoside hydrolases (GH) identified by CAZy searches of the MAGs. GH families that contain enzymes that are not specifically involved in degradation were specifically identified by Pfam or EC numbers in the annotations; Sheet8: Peptidase genes identified against MEROPS database by METABOLIC software; Sheet9: Anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation genes annotated by METABOLIC software.Additional file 4: Dataset S3. Sheet1: The metabolic characteristics of the major fungal groups annotated against KEGG; Sheet2: Detail information of the carbohydrate-active enzyme family (CAZymes) detected in major fungal groups; Abbreviations: GH, glycosidases or glycosyl hydrolases; PL, polysaccharide lyases; CE, carbohydrate esterases; GT, glycosyltransferases; AA, auxiliary activities; CBM, carbohydrate binding modules; Sheet3: Detail information of the peptidase family genes detected in major fungal groups; Abbreviations: Aspartic (A), Cysteine (C), Metallo (M), Mixed (P), Serine (S) and Threonine (T).Additional file 5: Dataset S4. Sheet1: Detail information for MAGs belong to Candidatus Cosmopoliota; Sheet2: The metabolic characteristics of Ca. Cosmopoliota, annotated against KEGG database; Sheet3: Detail information of CAZymes encoded in Ca. Cosmopoliota; Abbreviations: GH, glycosidases or glycosyl hydrolases; PL, polysaccharide lyases; CE, carbohydrate esterases; GT, glycosyltransferases; AA, auxiliary activities; CBM, carbohydrate binding modules; Sheet4: Detail information of peptidase encoded in Ca. Cosmopoliota; Abbreviations: Aspartic (A), Cysteine (C), Metallo (M), Mixed (P), Serine (S) and Threonine (T); Sheet5: Gene functions of each MAG annotated by metabolic software; Sheet6: Information of sequences belonging to Ca. Cosmopoliota (identity > 83%) retrieved from GenBank; Sheet7: SRA samples with sequences belonging to Ca. Cosmopoliota (identity > 83%) retrieved from Microbe Atlas Project by MAPseq."}
{"text": "Bacillus anthracis administered in conjunction with recommended antibacterial regimen. A drug-vaccine interaction study (NCT04067011) was conducted to examine whether co-administration of AV7909 with ciprofloxacin (CIP) or doxycycline (DOX) affects antibiotic pharmacokinetics (PK) or AV7909 immunogenicity in healthy adults.AV7909  vaccine was developed for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) of disease following suspected or confirmed exposure to 50) values generated by a toxin neutralizing antibody (TNA) assay. Steady-state maximum concentration, Cmax and area under the curve from 0 to 12 hours, AUC0-12hrs for CIP and DOX were calculated. Safety was evaluated by collection of solicited reactogenicity and reports of adverse events (AEs).A Phase 2, randomized, open-label study was conducted to assess the effects of AV7909 (intramuscularly (IM) at 0, 2 weeks) on PK profiles of orally administered CIP and DOX in healthy adults between 18 and 45 years of age. Participants (n=210) were randomized to receive AV7909+CIP, AV7909+DOX or AV7909 alone. Serum concentrations of CIP and DOX were determined using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, while AV7909 immunogenicity was evaluated using 50% neutralizing factor  of 90% CI for AUC0-12h  was within the equivalence criteria, but LB of 90% CI for Cmax (0.79) was below the equivalence criteria . This result for steady-state DOX Cmax is likely limited given that its efficacy is mainly AUC-driven. The immunogenicity endpoint was met, wherein LB of two-sided 95% CI of the geometric mean ratio of TNA NF50 was >0.5 . The majority of solicited reactogenicities and AEs were Grade 1 or 2 in severity.Primary PK endpoint for CIP was met, wherein 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of mean ratios for steady-state AUCCo-administration of CIP or DOX with AV7909 did not alter the relevant PK parameters of antibacterials or immunogenicity of AV7909 and was well tolerated in healthy adults.Gideon Akintunde, Director Clinical Development, Emergent Biosolutions: Employee Bojan Drobic, Director Clinical Development, Emergent Biosolutions: Employee Lisa Bedell, Director Biostatistic, Emergent Biosolutions: Employee Lu Gan, Director Biostatistic, Emergent Biosolutions: Employee Julia Kim, Scientist Clinical Development, Emergent Biosolutions: Employee Marinda Beah, Manager Clinical Trials Development, Emergent Biosolutions: Employee Isaac Ghinai, Medical Director, Emergent Biosolutions: Employee Santiago Barona Collado, Medical Director, Emergent Biosolutions: Employee"}
{"text": "In a study initiated in 2020, we recruited nursing home (NH) residents and collected blood samples serially after SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. While sex differences in vaccine-induced immune response have been previously observed, similar vaccine efficacy across sex groups was reported for Moderna and Pfizer mRNA vaccines. Sex differences in immune response may diminish in very late life, so we sought to compare immune response to mRNA primary series and monovalent and bivalent boosters in NH residents, a frail elderly population.We analyzed anti-Spike antibodies and neutralizing titers to Wuhan strain for sex differences in immune response following primary series and subsequent booster doses. We summarized demographics and infection history of NH subjects with available sample data at each vaccine dose. Omicron BA.5 assays were compared for the second monovalent and bivalent boosters. Comparisons were stratified by prior infection at the time of sample. Samples collected about breakthrough infections were excluded. Geometric mean titers were calculated for each post-vaccine time and compared across sex groups using t-tests on log-transformed titers.Despite new enrollment and loss to follow up, our cohort retained a sex balance ranging from 39% women, 61% men to an even split across four post-vaccine timepoints. Men and women had similarly advanced age and rates of prior COVID-19 over time (Table). Following the primary series, women with prior infection had significantly higher anti-Spike antibodies and higher neutralizing titers than men with prior infection . Following both monovalent booster doses and a bivalent booster dose, no sex differences were detected in these endpoints among those with prior infection. Neither were differences observed in infection naive subjects nor in titers for the Omicron BA.5 strain .Post-vaccine Wuhan anti-Spike antibodies and neutralizing titers by vaccine dose and sex, with bars showing geometric mean titers and 95% confidence intervals. Significant differences in GMT indicated with * at p < 0.05.Post-vaccine Omicron BA.5 anti-Spike antibodies and neutralizing titers by vaccine dose and sex, with bars showing geometric mean titers and 95% confidence intervals. No sex differences detected.Sex differences observed among NH residents with prior infection following primary series mRNA vaccination diminished with additional vaccine doses. Within NH residents, this may be a result of sex differences in attrition among the lowest responders. Further study is required to assess sex differences in the durability of immune response between doses and in T-cell response.Stefan Gravenstein, MD, MPH, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Honoraria|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Honoraria|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Honoraria David Canaday, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) from single dose to a 7-day course. Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) are non-medical factors that influence a person\u2019s life; little is known regarding the association between SDOH and TV and CT treatment. The study objective was to evaluate treatment of TV and CT infections after the guideline update and determine if health inequities exist with use of preferred therapy.The 2021 CDC Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Treatment Guideline modified preferred therapy for IRB approved, retrospective cohort of patients \u2265 15 years with confirmed diagnosis of uncomplicated TV or CT in outpatient settings. Excluded: pregnant/nursing, allergy to preferred therapy, unable to take oral. Primary outcome: proportion who received guideline preferred vs non-preferred  antibiotic therapy. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with preferred treatment; SDOH were exposures of interest. Secondary outcomes: test of cure (\u2264 3 months), any repeat positive test (recurrence/reinfection), any retreatment, expedited partner therapy (EPT) offered. A sample of 712 patients was needed to detect a 10% difference between two exposures .Table 1. Patients < 25 years had more asymptomatic disease compared to older patients . Patients who received Emergency Department (ED) care were more likely to receive preferred therapy compared to outpatient clinics . Black race, lower median income, and public insurance covaried with ED care. After adjusting for female sex, receipt of ED care was independently associated with preferred therapy (Table 2). 181 (25%) patients had 3-month test of cure performed; repeat positive test/retreatment was more frequent in patients who received non-preferred therapy . EPT was offered in 35 (7%) and 8 (3%) patients in the preferred and non-preferred groups (P=0.03).473 (66%) patients received preferred therapy; patient characteristics are in Preferred therapy was more frequent in patients who received ED care. EDs represent an important safety net and provide high-level care for patients with SDOH barriers.Erin Eriksson, PharmD, BCPS, BCIDP, Stryker Corp: Stocks/Bonds Indira Brar, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Honoraria|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Honoraria Michael Veve, PharmD, MPH, National Institutes of Health: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide. Uncomplicated UTI, or acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC), is an area of interest for antimicrobial stewardship in Japan due to high prevalence of community antibiotic use. This analysis estimated the annual prevalence of AUC in Japan from 2016 to 2021.This cross-sectional observational study used Japanese Medical Data Center (JMDC) data from January 1, 2016 to November 30, 2021 to examine the epidemiology of AUC in Japan. Female patients aged \u226518 to < 75 years with an AUC diagnosis claim  in the outpatient setting, including emergency room, were included. The annual prevalence for each year of interest was calculated as the number of patients with \u22651 AUC diagnosis claim in the outpatient setting divided by the number of female patients in the JMDC claims database who were \u226518 years old; values were multiplied by 100,000 to obtain prevalence per 100,000 females. Prevalence was calculated for subgroups of patients aged \u226518\u201349 years and \u226550\u201374 years (age ranges chosen as a proxy for menopause status). The annual prevalence of AUC in the Japanese female population (\u226518 years old) was projected for the years 2016\u20132021 using population data taken from the annual Japan census.The mean annual prevalence of AUC among women in Japan 2016\u20132021 was 7421 cases per 100,000 females (Table 1). The prevalence of AUC was higher for women aged \u226550 years at index compared with those aged < 50 years, with annual rates of 8716 vs 6273 cases per 100,000, respectively (Table 1). Annual prevalence projections of AUC in Japan (2016\u20132021) ranged from 2.6\u20133.9 million women, with 6.0\u20138.6% of the female population affected each year . Among patients who experienced recurrent AUC (\u22652 AUC episodes in 12 months), the mean number of episodes per year was 3.45 .Our study shows that the burden of AUC among female patients in Japan is moderate, with annual prevalence between 6.0 and 8.6%, and higher prevalence among women over the age of 50. Patients with AUC recurrence averaged 3.45 episodes per year.Meg Franklin, PharmaD, PhD, Franklin Pharmaceutical Consulting: Owner and President|Franklin Pharmaceutical Consulting: Ownership Interest|GSK: Grant/Research Support|PRECISIONheor: Contractor Maia R. Emden, BA, GSK: Grant/Research Support|PRECISIONheor: Employee Elise Bauer, MS, GSK: Grant/Research Support|PRECISIONheor: Employee Naomi Sacks, PhD, GSK: Grant/Research Support|PRECISIONheor: Employee Shinya Kawamatsu, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Yoshiaki Kawano, MD, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Fanny S. Mitrani-Gold, MPH, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Ashish V. Joshi, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Shinyoung Ju, MS, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Madison T. Preib, MPH, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Infect Dis 23, 250 (2023)10.1186/s12879-023-08204-0The original publication of this article  containeIncorrect title:Research article network analysis of polymicrobial chronic wound infections in Masanga, Sierra LeoneCorrect title:Network analysis of polymicrobial chronic wound infections in Masanga, Sierra Leone.The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease (MAC-PD) is a chronic, inflammatory disease with systemic manifestations affecting multiple aspects of patients\u2019 lives. It can require lifelong management, as recurrence is common, however current microbiologic outcomes are often difficult to obtain and insufficient to reflect the impact on patients. We aim to identify the core outcome domains essential to evaluate in future clinical research studies of outcomes in MAC-PD, using an international consensus process, and we describe the Round 1 preliminary results.We invited relevant stakeholders in MAC-PD research including patients, caregivers/family members, clinicians, researchers, nonprofit and patient education organizations, and federal research funding organizations to participate in the Delphi consensus process. We used respondent driven sampling to expand our cohort. Participants were asked to rate preliminary domain importance, without regard to availability, feasibility, or validity of measurement instruments, using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation scale (score 1-9). We administered surveys via email through DelphiManager software. We used SAS version 9.4 to describe our participants and the Round 1 core outcome domain scores.Critical (score >7) by more than 70% and had fewer than 15% identifying the domain as Not Important (score <3).We had a total of 48 participants, including 30 (62.5%) clinicians, 10 (20.8%) researchers, 6 (12.5%) patients, and 2 (4.2%) from organizations that fund MAC-PD research. A majority were women , ages 60-69  who identified as White  and were from North America . Most had 10 years or more experience  in their MAC-PD stakeholder role. Symptoms, Microbiology, Treatment Side effects, Chest imaging, Physical function, Treatment burden, and Vitality/Energy domains were rated as We report the initial evaluation of core outcome domains for MAC-PD through an international consensus process. Identification and dissemination of these domains will help guide research priorities on future outcome measures.Alexandra L. Quittner, PhD, AN2: Advisor/Consultant|Insmed Pharmaceutical Corp: Advisor/Consultant Kevin L. Winthrop, MD, MPH, AN2: Advisor/Consultant|AN2: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: Advisor/Consultant|Insmed: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: This study was funded by Insmed Inc.|Paratek: Advisor/Consultant|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Red Hill Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|Red Hill Biopharma: Board Member|Red Hill Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Renovion: Advisor/Consultant|Renovion: Grant/Research Support|Spero: Advisor/Consultant|Spero: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "NHs are high-risk settings for MDRO spread.C. auris), and from bilateral nares . We assessed overall MDRO prevalence, as well as MDRO co-carriage patterns across organisms and MDRO body site carriage for each pathogen.We evaluated NH MDRO prevalence and co-carriage patterns in 22 NHs in Orange County, CA from Fall 2022-Spring 2023. 25 MDRO sweeps each involved 50 randomly-sampled occupied beds. Residents had swabs collected from bilateral axilla/groin and peri-rectal areas , CRAB (2.1%), and CRE (1.0%). Of the 719 MDRO carriers, 62.2% (447) carried 1 MDRO and 37.8% (272) carried \u22652 MDROs. Carriers of one MDRO were likely to carry another (Table 1). For example, MRSA carriers had 48.1% likelihood of carrying another MDRO. Conversely, carriers of any other MDRO had a 45.9% (range: 44.9%-69.2%) likelihood of carrying MRSA. Notably, all CRE carriers and 92.3% of CRAB carriers carried another MDRO. Table 2 shows common body sites for carriage of each MDRO. Nares was the most common site of MRSA carriage; axilla/groin, for CRE and C. auris; peri-rectal areas, for VRE and ESBL; and axilla/groin and peri-rectal carriage, for CRAB.Of 1250 residents, 57.5% (719) had MDRO carriage at any body site. Prevalence was highest for MRSA (36.7%), followed by ESBL (24.9%), VRE (14.2%), This table represents patterns of multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) co-carriage among nursing home (NH) residents, for MDROs including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), Extended Spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers, Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and Candida auris. Each row shows the prevalence of MDRO co-carriage for a specific pathogen. For example, the first row shows MDRO co-carriage patterns among 459 MRSA carriers. MRSA carriers had 48.1% likelihood of carrying any other MDRO. Conversely, the last row shows that carriers of any MDRO other than MRSA had a 45.9% likelihood of carrying MRSA whereas carriers of any MDRO other than C. auris had a 9.2% likelihood of carrying C. auris.This table shows body site carriage of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) among nursing home residents, for MDROs including Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), Extended Spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers, Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), and Candida auris. For each pathogen, the number and percent of carriers are shown per body site . The dominant site of carriage for each MDRO is as follows: nares for MRSA (76.0%), peri-rectal for VRE (88.1%) and ESBL (84.6%), axilla/groin for CRE (76.9%) and C. auris (88.8%). Axilla/groin and peri-rectal sites had equal carriage for CRAB (63.2% each). By necessity, all dominant sites were the most common body site for solo carriage. For example, among nursing home residents with MRSA nares carriage, (42.1%) had MRSA only in the nares and 57.9% had MRSA at another body site.Multi-MDRO carriage is common among NH residents with MDROs harbored at multiple body sites. Co-carriage was especially high among those harboring a carbapenem-resistant organism, likely reflecting accrued MDROs from extensive and repeated antibiotic exposure. Understanding MDRO co-carriage patterns can identify strategies that may be effective across MDROs. For example, nearly half of residents colonized with a non-MRSA MDRO also carried MRSA, suggesting that nasal decolonization of any MDRO carrier may benefit outcomes for MRSA, the most common MDRO in NHs.Gabrielle Gussin, MS, Medline Industries, Inc: Conducted studies where participating hospitals/nursing homes received cleaning & antiseptic product|Xttrium Laboratories: Conducted studies where participating hospitals & nursing homes received antiseptic bathing product Raveena D. Singh, MA, Medline Industries, Inc: Conducted studies where participating hospitals/nursing homes received cleaning & antiseptic product|Xttrium Laboratories: Conducted studies where participating hospitals & nursing homes received antiseptic bathing product Raheeb Saavedra, AS, Medline Industries, Inc: Conducted studies where participating hospitals/nursing homes received cleaning & antiseptic product|Xttrium Laboratories: Conducted studies where participating hospitals & nursing homes received antiseptic bathing product Connie Nguyen, n/a, Xttrium Laboratories: Conducted studies where participating hospitals & nursing homes received antiseptic bathing product Alice Lee, n/a, Xttrium Laboratories: Conducted studies where participating hospitals & nursing homes received antiseptic bathing product Susan S. Huang, MD, MPH, Medline: Conducted studies in which participating nursing homes received contributed antiseptic bathing and cleaning products|Xttrium: Conducted studies in which participating nursing homes and hospital patients received contributed antiseptic soap"}
{"text": "The causative role of RSV on CAAP has been strongly suggested from multiple epidemiological studies. Although pneumococcal-RSV coinfections in pneumonia were suggested by a pre-licensee PCV9 study, no solid real-life data were generated to substantiate the potential effect of PCVs on RSV-associated CAAP (RSV-CAAP). The current prospective study evaluates the impact of PCV7/PCV13 implementation in Israel on all-cause CAAP and RSV-CAAP incidence dynamics in young children during RSV seasons.The important role of PCV7/PCV13 were implemented in Israel in July 2009/November 2010. A prospective population-based surveillance on CAAP rates in children < 5 years in southern Israel has been ongoing since 2002 . Nasal samples of RSV (by PCR) were tested in most episodes and were extrapolated for total CAAP episodes. RSV season was defined as all months with >5 positive RSV tests in southern Israel. The impact was determined by incidence rate ratio (IRR) comparing each RSV season (and the four years 2015-19 combined) to the five pre-PCV implementation years, 2004-09, combined).Table, Figure). Generally, yearly seasonal IRRs for all-cause CAAP and RSV-CAAP were similar.From Jul-2004 to Jun-2019, 7,654 CAAP episodes were recorded; 3,661 (47.8%) were tested for RSV, of which 1,662 (45.4%) were positive. The seasonal proportions of RSV-CAAP of all episodes ranged from 37.4% to 67.2%. Compared to 2004-09 (combined), IRR (95% CI) for 2015-19 were 0.68 (0.56-0.84) for RSV CAAP and 0.70 (0.61 \u2013 0.80) for all-cause CAAP  together with the real-life impact of PCVs on RSV-CAAP confirm the mutual role of RSV and S. pneumoniae in CAAP.The abrupt, steep , and seasonal reduction of hospitalization of young children for both all-cause CAAP and RSV-CAAP strongly support the important role of RSV-Ron Dagan, Professor MD, GSK: Honoraria|MedIMmune/AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Expert Testimony|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Sanofi Pasteur: Honoraria David Greenberg, Professor MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria Shalom Ben-Shimol, Dr. MD, GSK: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Lipohypertrophy  accumulation) is a common and significant problem in people with HIV (PWH). Pathogenesis remains elusive; yet, AT abnormalities are key drivers of cardiometabolic co-morbidities in HIV. We aimed to assess effects of semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, on AT in PWH with lipohypertrophy.2, increased waist circumference/waist-to-hip ratio, and subjective increased abdominal girth after ART initiation. Participants were randomized 1:1 to 32 weeks semaglutide (8-week titration + 24 weeks 1.0 mg weekly subcutaneous injection) or matching placebo. Computed tomography and whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were used to measure area/density in abdominal AT  and body composition , resp. Semaglutide effects were estimated using generalized estimating equations or simultaneous quantile regressions on outcome variables.We conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of virologically-suppressed, non-diabetic PWH \u2265 18 years of age on stable antiretroviral therapy (ART) with body mass index (BMI) \u2265 25 kg/mth), TAT, and SAT with trends (P < 0.1) for limb fat and VAT . Semaglutide effects remained significant for BMI, HOMA-IR, trunk fat, TAT, and VAT after adjusting for age, sex, CD4, and ART duration (Table 2); caloric intake was also significant at \u2264 50th quantile. No differences were seen in LBM, AT density, or VAT/TAT ratio. Semaglutide was well-tolerated; serious adverse events were rare.108 participants were enrolled . Groups were well-matched at baseline. In unadjusted models, semaglutide group had greater reductions (P < 0.05) in BMI, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), trunk fat, TBF (at quantile \u2265 75Semaglutide significantly decreased central fat in PWH with lipohypertrophy, primarily driven by reductions in VAT. Semaglutide may offer an effective treatment to decrease visceral adiposity and reduce co-morbidity risk. Further investigation is needed to determine mechanisms by which reductions in visceral adiposity occur.Grace A. McComsey, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Nirsevimab is an extended half-life monoclonal antibody that binds the prefusion conformation of RSV fusion (F) protein and has been approved for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract disease in neonates and infants in the EU, Great Britain, and Canada. Global surveillance studies found that the nirsevimab binding site was highly conserved across RSV variants between 1956\u20132021. While RSV B F protein binding site substitutions I206M and Q209R have dominated since the 2017/2018 RSV season, both remain fully susceptible to nirsevimab. OUTSMART-RSV is a multi-year (from 2015) prospective molecular surveillance study to monitor the prevalence and distribution of RSV variants in the USA and track the emergence and susceptibility of RSV F variants to nirsevimab.in vitro microneutralization assays.Nasal swabs were collected from infants and adults seeking medical attention for respiratory infection (inpatient or outpatient); RSV-positive isolates underwent next generation sequencing. Subtyping comprised analysis of the hypervariable region of the G protein. F protein polymorphisms were identified by comparing with RSV A and B reference sequences; variants with increasing prevalence were phenotypically evaluated using reverse genetics rescue and 50 fold change = 1.24 vs reference). Also, no new nirsevimab binding site substitutions were seen in the 2021/2022 RSV season vs previous seasons.RSV A and B subtypes circulated with alternate frequency during OUTSMART-RSV , with RSV B dominant in the 2021/2022 RSV season . From 2020, several additional RSV B F protein substitutions have increased in prevalence, including the S211N binding site substitution. Importantly, S211N retains full susceptibility to nirsevimab (ICWhile I206M and Q209R substitutions in RSV B F protein continue to dominate, the S211N nirsevimab binding site substitution has increased in prevalence since the 2020-2021 season. However, similar to I206M and Q209R, S211N variants remain fully susceptible to nirsevimab. Among recent circulating RSV strains, the frequency of emergent nirsevimab escape variants continue to be rare and not persistent.Christopher A. Morehouse, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Bahar Ahani, BSC, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Anastasia A. Aksyuk, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Tyler Brady, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Kevin M. Tuffy, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Hong Ji, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Elizabeth J. Kelly, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Deidre Wilkins, BSC, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, with high risk of infection as CLD progresses. Gut microbiome disruption, which worsens with CLD severity, causes loss of colonization resistance and impaired gastrointestinal (GI) barrier function, enabling pathogen translocation across the GI tract. We evaluated shotgun metagenomic data from 3 studies and 288 patients with CLD to evaluate the role of the microbiome in the progression of disease, and enable the rational design of SER-147, a cultivated consortium of human commensal bacteria, to restore colonization resistance against key pathogens and promote GI homeostasis in CLD patients.SER-147 design relied on both (1) microbiome targets identified from a bioinformatic analysis of public observational datasets in CLD patients and (2) past Seres clinical trial pharmacology data. We ingested genomic and matching clinical data from 3 studies and 288 patients (Table 1), processing all primary read data through Seres genomic databases to enable comparison with internal healthy comparator cohorts. Functional characterization of the Seres strain library (SSL) facilitated SER-147 design to include traits important to colonization resistance and GI barrier integrity .The design framework for preclinical drug candidates integrates a combination of public observational datasets in CLD patients, Seres interventional clinical trials, and proprietary bioinformatic algorithms to inform disease target identification. These data are subsequently fed into a rational design framework that utilizes (1) trial engraftment, (2) disease-informed preclinical microbiome modeling, and (3) functional learnings from SSL to identify taxa with the desired pharmacological properties.Bioinformatic analyses support evidence of progressive microbiome disruption and diversity loss as CLD worsens, as key Firmicutes are reduced while Proteobacteria are enriched. Rational design yielded candidate consortia with taxa that can (1) generate barrier-restorative metabolites , (2) reduce inflammatory cytokine production, (3) tolerate oxidative and acid stress, and (4) decolonize intestinal pathogens in preclinical models .Nineteen candidate bacterial strains were selected for inclusion in SER-147 candidate consortia based on numerous genotypic and phenotypic traits. Evidence of engraftment of strains in Seres clinical trials was a minimum inclusion criterion to help ensure pharmacokinetic capability of SER-147. Genomic and in silico design features included: depletion during CLD progression, predicted lantibiotic production, presence of KEGG-Orthologs for oxygen tolerance, and predicted contribution to decolonization phenotypes based on preclinical modeling. Phenotypic design features were selected based on extensive in vitro and in vivo characterization of strains and include the generation of barrier-restorative metabolites like short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), secondary bile acid conversion, and tryptophan metabolism. SER-147 candidate strains were additionally assessed in vitro for their capacity to tolerate low pH, grow in hypoxic culture conditions, suppress IL-8 activity, and utilize lactulose as a sole carbon source as it is a commonly prescribed medication in the CLD patient populationPatients with CLD are at increased risk of mortality from infections seeded from the GI tract due to microbiome disruption and GI barrier compromise. Microbiome therapeutics such as SER-147 represent a potentially powerful and novel approach to reducing the risk of infection in CLD by directly targeting key risk factors of GI-seeded infections.Jenna Wurster, PhD, Seres Therapeutics: Paid Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Tim Straub, MS, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Edward J. O'Brien, PhD, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Nathaniel J. Ennis, n/a, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Melissa Mayol, n/a, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Jessica Brown, n/a, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Marin Vuli\u0107, PhD, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Nicholas Beauchemin, n/a, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Elizabeth Halvorsen, PhD, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Christopher Ford, PhD, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Matthew Henn, PhD, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile (CD) colonization is common among hospitalized patients. Screening for toxigenic CD (TCD) colonization with rectal swab nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) may identify people at risk for CDI and help prevent onward TCD transmission, especially in immunocompromised patients with long hospitalizations. The study objective was to test whether rectal swab NAAT could detect TCD colonized patients and whether NAAT results identify patients that contribute to environmental contamination.tcdA or tcdB by whole genome sequencing (WGS).This was a prospective cohort study on two BMT/Leukemia units. Stool specimens, rectal swabs, and environmental swabs  were collected from patients at admission and weekly and cultured semi-quantitatively for TCD. NAAT (Cepheid) was performed on rectal swabs . The relationship between stool TCD concentration, NAAT Ct, and a positive environmental culture was evaluated using univariate logistic regression. Bleach was used for daily and terminal discharge cleaning of all rooms. Toxigenicity was determined by detection of From January 2019 - July 2019, 659 stool specimens and 495 rectal swabs were collected from 384 patients. Specimens from 554 patient-days were cultured and 126 (23%) were positive. Of those, 88 (70%) were TCD. 21 of 987 (2%) environmental swabs were TCD positive; 18 (86%) were from bedrails. Among 61 unique patient calendar days with paired rectal swab NAAT and stool culture results (paired samples), overall sensitivity of rectal swab NAAT to detect toxigenic CD colonization compared to culture was 44%, with 4/16 (25%) of people colonized with > 0 - < 10,000 CFU/g of TCD and 7/9 (78%) with \u2265 10,000 CFU/g TCD . There was no relationship between stool culture or rectal swab NAAT result and risk of a positive environmental swab .Rectal swab NAAT may not be sufficiently sensitive to screen for TCD colonization that contributes to environmental contamination.Erik R. Dubberke, MD, MSPH, Abbott: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Merck and Co.: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Seres Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Summit: Advisor/Consultant|Theriva Biologics: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (N/R) protects against severe outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2) infection, but patients and studies have described symptom and viral rebound after treatment. Our aim was to compare symptom and viral trajectories during acute illness among individuals with COVID-19 treated with N/R compared to similar individuals who did not receive any COVID-19 treatment.10(IU/mL) over a minimum of 5 log10(IU/mL). We used Wilcoxon Test to compare mean daily symptoms and viral loads and logistic regression to calculate odds of rebound.This analysis included participants enrolled \u2264 6 days of index symptom onset in a US household transmission study who tested SCV2-positive, Mar. 2022\u2013Mar. 2023. We followed participants for 10 days after enrollment, obtaining demographics, clinical history, daily symptoms (list of 15), medications, and specimens for SCV2 quantitative PCR. Symptomatic participants eligible for N/R were included . We used propensity score matching to select untreated participants who were similar to N/R treated participants (Table 1). We assessed symptoms and viral load  from N/R completion (N/R treated) or after seven days since symptom onset (untreated) to the end of follow up. We defined symptom rebound as an increase of \u2265 2 symptoms and viral load rebound as an increase of \u2265 0.5 logCase-ascertained household transmission study participants were included in this analysis if they were enrolled in March 2022 (first report of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) or after and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (n=2075). We included symptomatic N/R eligible participants who had non-missing data for propensity score model variables and daily specimens and symptoms (n=1224) and then excluded N/R treated participants who did not complete N/R in 5-6 days according to EUA (n=108). Propensity score matching was performed by calculating propensity score of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir use based on age, sex, race/ethnicity, prior COVID-19, recruitment method, participant type, medical care access, COVID-19 vaccination history, comorbidities, and predominant variant at the time of index onset. The best covariate balance was achieved using nearest propensity score matching method with a ratio of 2:1 no treatment to N/R treated. Those that did not match to a treated participant were excluded (n=768). The two recruitment sources collected different specimen types  and used different viral load quantification standards. Because of this, viral load analysis was limited to only those that collected nasal swabs and had at least two viral load results after nirmatrelvir/ritonavir completion or, for the no treatment participants, after day 7 since symptom onset. N/R=nirmatrelvir/ritonavir; SCV2=SARS-CoV-2; EUA=Emergency Use AgreementN/R treated (n=116) and untreated (n=232) participants had similar baseline characteristics (Table 1). Median days from symptom onset to N/R initiation was 2 days (IQR=1-3). Symptom rebound occurred among 32% of N/R treated and 19% of untreated participants . Mean daily symptoms were lower among N/R treated  and significantly lower among N/R treated when rebound did not occur . Viral load rebound occurred among 25% of N/R treated and 13% of untreated participants  and mean daily viral load was significantly lower among N/R treated overall (1.5 vs 2.7), without rebound (1.1 vs 2.5), and with rebound .The following symptoms were elicited daily from participants: fever/feverish/chills, cough, sore throat, runny nose, nasal congestion, fatigue/feeling run down, wheezing, trouble breathing/shortness of breath, chest tightness/chest pain, loss of smell/loss of taste, headache, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and muscle or body aches. Symptom rebound was defined as an increase of at least two symptoms after the completion of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or, when no treatment was reported, after seven days since symptom onset. Daily symptoms after end of treatment were averaged from the day after the last day of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or, if no treatment, day eight since symptom onset to the last available symptom diary follow up. N/R=nirmatrelvir/ritonavirNasal swabs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR using the Panther Fusion Hologic system. Viral load as logIU/mL was determined using WHO standard. Negative results were set to zero and below limit of quantification (3 logIU/mL) results were set to 1.5 logIU/mL. Viral load rebound was defined as an increase of at least 0.5 logIU/mL (with a threshold of 5 logIU/mL) after the completion of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or, if no treatment was reported, after seven days since symptom onset. Daily viral load after end of treatment was averaged from the day after the last day of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir or, if no treatment, day eight since symptom onset to the last available viral load result. N/R=nirmatrelvir/ritonavir; IU=international unitsIn outpatient settings, N/R treated individuals had fewer symptoms and lower viral loads, but greater odds of symptom and viral rebound compared to similar untreated individuals.Joshua Petrie, PhD, CSL Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Suchitra Rao, MBBS, MSCS, Sequiris: Advisor/Consultant Edward Belongia, MD, Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Edwin J. Asturias, MD, Hillevax: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Huong McLean, PhD, MPH, Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Site Investigator, DSMB member Carlos G. Grijalva, MD, MPH, AHRQ: Grant/Research Support|CDC: Grant/Research Support|FDA: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Syneos Health: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Sotrovimab is a dual-action Fc-engineered human monoclonal antibody (mAb), developed for early treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19. We evaluated the safety and tolerability of sotrovimab 500 mg administered intramuscularly (IM) at dorsogluteal (DG), anterolateral (AL) thigh and deltoid injection sites.This Phase 1 open-label, parallel group, randomized, healthy volunteer study comprised three parts. Part A investigated the relative bioavailability, safety and tolerability of 2 sotrovimab concentrations administered IM at different injection sites. 216 participants were randomized (2:2:1:1) to 4 treatment arms: 62.5 mg/mL DG administered as two 4 mL injections; 100 mg/mL DG administered as one 5 mL injection; 100 mg/mL AL thigh administered as one 5 mL injection; 100 mg/mL deltoid administered as one 2.5 mL injection into each muscle. Incidence of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs) and AEs of special interest (AESI) through Day (D) 29 were assessed. Patient-reported outcomes included Perception of Injection (PINS) v3 and Pain-Numeric Rating Scale (NRS).2). Overall, 46% (n=99/215) of participants reported AEs; most common ( > 5%) were injection-site pain  and COVID-19 . There were no SAEs; all AESIs were Grade 1 or 2 (Table 1). Mean Pain-NRS values were < 1 and similar across injection sites; values were highest on D1 at 15 mins post-dosing and then decreased through 60 mins post-dosing , with 8 participants reporting pain after D2. D1 PINS results showed the majority felt injection site reactions were \u201cnot at all\u201d bothersome, and local reactions and pain were \u201ctotally or very acceptable\u201d. No or little impact on sleep and movement were reported (Table 2).215 participants were exposed to study intervention (mean [range] age: 39 [19\u201365] years; 57% female; mean [standard deviation] body mass index: 25.4 [2.87] kg/mSotrovimab 500 mg IM injection had a favorable safety profile and was generally well tolerated at all injection sites, and at volumes of up to 5 mL at DG and AL thigh sites, and one 2.5 mL injection into each deltoid muscle. To our knowledge, these are the first data to show that a 2.5 mL mAb injection into each deltoid muscle was well tolerated.Jennifer Moore, MD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Wen-Hung Chen, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Jerzy Daniluk, MD, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Sergio Parra, MD, Vir Biotechnology, Inc: Employee|Vir Biotechnology, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Megan Turner, BA, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Yasmin Sanchez-Pearson, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Prosenjit Sakar, MSc, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Ian A. Hawes, BSP, ACPR, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Alicia Aylott, MSc, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP) and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP) are associated with high mortality rates. In these patients, there is an unmet need for effective antimicrobial therapy. This study enrolled participants mainly from China to support the regional use of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam (IMI/REL). The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of IMI/REL compared with piperacillin/tazobactam (PIP/TAZ) for the treatment of HABP/VABP.This study was a Phase 3, randomized trial conducted in 8 countries (NCT03583333). Participants 18\u201390 years of age with HABP/VABP requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotic treatment were randomized 1:1 to receive either IV IMI/REL (500 mg IMI/250 mg REL) or PIP/TAZ (4000 mg/500 mg) administered every 6 h for 7\u201314 days. The primary endpoint was day 28 all-cause mortality in the modified intent-to-treat (MITT) population (excluding patients with only gram-positive cocci at baseline). Secondary endpoints included clinical response rate, microbiological response rate and adverse events (AEs).In total, 270 patients  were included in the MITT population, with 201 patients from mainland China . Demographics and baseline characteristics were generally comparable for both treatment groups in the MITT population, with the exception of preexisting cerebrovascular conditions which were higher in IMI/REL vs PIP/TAZ group. The median age (range) was 60.0 (19\u201387) years and 73.3% were male (Table 1). In the MITT population, IMI/REL was non-inferior to PIP/TAZ for day 28 all-cause mortality . Results for key secondary endpoints were comparable between treatment groups (Table 2). Overall, the incidence of AEs was comparable between IMI/REL vs PIP/TAZ (Table 3).In a patient population mainly from China, IMI/REL was non-inferior to PIP/TAZ for the treatment of HABP/VABP assessed by the endpoint of day 28 all-cause mortality and was associated with favorable outcomes regarding clinical and microbiological response.IMI/REL was well tolerated and had a safety profile comparable to PIP/TAZ.Maria C. Losada, BA, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA: Employee|Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA: Stocks/Bonds|Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA: Stocks/Bonds Zlatka Iamboliyska, MD, MSD China: Employee|MSD China: Stocks/Bonds Mingfen Zhu, MD, MSD China: Employee|MSD China: Stocks/Bonds Xiaodan Guo, MD, MSD China: Employee|MSD China: Stocks/Bonds Xiaoling Du, n/a, MSD China: Employee|MSD China: Stocks/Bonds Chang Chen, MD, MSD China: Employee|MSD China: Stocks/Bonds Luke Francis Chen, MD, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA: Employee|Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "In July 2022, an outbreak of MPox was reported in the United States as part of a world-wide health emergency. Healthcare settings in the US started to see possible cases, and the public health and clinical diagnostics infrastructure was quickly overwhelmed. As the concept of diagnostic stewardship is becoming increasingly more important, we sought to identify clinical information obtainable at presentation that would predict a positive MPox PCR in order to streamline testing and optimize resource utilization.Table 1RR and diagnostic performance for single and combined clinical factors resulting in a positive MPox PCRThe charts of 146 patients presenting for MPox testing in a large healthcare system in Texas in July and August 2022 were reviewed to identify clinical factors upon presentation that would correlate with a positive lesion PCR.49.3% of patients tested positive. The mean (SD) age of patients was 31.9 (8.41) years. The mean (SD) time of symptoms was 5.47 (5.08) days. The mean (SD) time from last sexual encounter was 17.6 (11.01) days. Table 1 shows the RR and diagnostic performance for each clinical factor resulting in a positive MPox PCR as well as the RR for those with 2, 3, and 4 combined high risk clinical factors.Male gender, non-heterosexual sexual orientation, recent sexual encounter, painful lesions, contact with a known MPox case, systemic symptoms, and shorter symptom duration less than or equal to 6 days increased the risk of a positive Mpox PCR result and may be used to prioritize testing in a resource constrained environment. Patients presenting with a combination of 2, 3, and 4 risk factors further increased the likelihood of a positive test. Risk factors can be used for diagnostic stewardship in MPox testing. Further research will focus on creation and prospective validation of clinical prediction rules.Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, MD, FACP, FIDSA, FSHEA, FECMM, CMQ, Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Pulmocide: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|T2 Biosystems: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model was constructed from nine Phase 1 studies and three Phase 3 studies in patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) or hospital- or community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP or CABP) and refined using Phase 3 data from patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB).Ceftobiprole medocaril is an intravenously administered cephalosporin prodrug that is rapidly converted Structural PK models for systemic compartments and linear vs. non-linear elimination were considered. Covariate analyses were carried out. Model evaluation involved goodness-of-fit and prediction-corrected visual predictive check plots and a sampling-importance-resampling procedure. The model was externally qualified and refined using Phase 3 SAB PK data.Figure 1). Model-based simulations to predict exposure in subgroups  showed that renal function is the most clinically relevant covariate, consistent with the predominance of renal elimination for ceftobiprole . While model-based simulations showed that predicted exposure in subjects with extreme body weight (120 kg) fall below the bioequivalence reference range of healthy subjects weighing 75 kg, these weight-based differences are unlikely to be clinically significant. Neither sex nor infection type are expected to have a clinically relevant impact.The initial dataset included 4890 plasma concentrations from 773 healthy subjects or patients with ABSSSI, HABP, or CABP. This dataset was expanded to include 1134 plasma concentrations from 180 patients with SAB. External qualification showed that the model predicted data from patients with SAB well but the model was refined to best capture data from these patients. The refined model (three-compartment model with linear elimination) provided a robust fit to the pooled data (A population PK model that described the plasma PK of ceftobiprole well in healthy and infected patients was developed. The derived measures of plasma exposure are expected to be both accurate and precise.Anthony P. Cammarata, M.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Karine Litherland, Ph.D., Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Full time employee|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds M. Courtney Safir, PharmD, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Biofire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genetech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Mikael Saulay, MSc, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Full time employee|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds Jennifer Smart, PhD, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds Mark E. Jones, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Marc Engelhardt, MD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Christopher M. Rubino, PharmD, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Streptococcal species.Rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) allows antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) to intervene early in the setting of sepsis and septic shock leading to lower rates of death. Combining RDT with ASP results in faster antibiotic de-escalation compared to RDT alone; however, the utility of this approach for Streptococcal bacteremia is unproven. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of RDT with real-time ASP intervention on blood cultures growing Streptococcus spp. bacteremia over two 6-month periods. During the pre-RDT period, patients were prospectively followed by ASP who provided recommendations based on gram-stain and organism identification results. During the post-RDT period, blood cultures were tested by GenMark ePlex BCID-GP that identifies S. agalactiae, S. anginosis group, S. pneumoniae, S. pyogenes and Streptococcus spp. within 90 minutes which were reported directly to ASP for recommendations on antibiotic discontinuation, de-escalation, and additional diagnostic testing.Retrospective, observational study comparing patients with Table 1). The median ages were 58 and 56, 62% and 68% were men, and a total of 12% and 16% were immunocompromised. The mean qSOFA scores were 1.9 and 2. The most common Streptococcus spp. was S. mitis (figure 1). Prior to RDT, the median time to antibiotic de-escalation was 88 hours. Following implementation of RDT, median time to de-escalation was 42 hours (P=0.002). De-escalation to targeted therapy improved from 50% to 86% in post-RDT (P< 0.01). Transition to oral antibiotics increased from 14% to 30% (P=0.08). There were no differences in hospital re-admission or acute kidney injury. A trend toward decreased 30-day mortality was identified in the post-RDT period (P=0.06).94 patients were included in the analysis, 50 pre- and 44 post-RDT. Across cohorts, patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and severity of illness were comparable (Streptococcal bacteremia. We noted significant reductions in broad-spectrum antibiotic use and a trend towards lower mortality. Larger studies are needed to demonstrate the full potential of this approach.Our study highlights the impact of RDT with ASP intervention on clinical outcomes for patients with Ryan K. Shields, PharmD, MS, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Utility: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Coronavirus is one of the major pathogens that primarily targets the human respiratory system. In COVID-19 patient\u2019s, bloodstream infections (BSI) have not been extensively studied in Latin-America. Given the impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Colombia and the high rate of hospitalizations, information about risk factors and ways to prevent BSI among COVID-19 patients is urgently needed. This investigation aimed to identify risk factors in BSI in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.A case-control design was used; cases were patients with a PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection and BSI. Controls were patients with a PCR confirmed COVID-19 who did not have a BSI during their hospitalization. Information about demographic, clinical characteristics, comorbidities and exposures that could be related to BSI were reviewed. Descriptive statistics were calculated, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using multivariable conditional logistic regression models. In accordance with Colombian regulations -Resolution 8430 of the Ministry of Health of 1993- this project was classified as risk-free.306 patients (153 cases and 153 controls) from four participating hospitals were included. Cases and controls had similar average age (62-63 years), median length of stay (19-25 days), comorbidities and similar Newscore scale regarding severity on admission to the hospital; all cases and 89% of controls required at least one invasive device. Cases were more likely to have required an orotracheal tube , central venous catheter , or urinary catheter  compared with controls. Cases had higher previous antimicrobials use , pronation  and chlorhexidine bath  than controls. However,no statistically significant differences in mortality between cases and controls was found. In the multivariate analysis, urinary catheter used  was a risk factor and chlorhexidine bath  was a protective factor for BSI.CASE AND CONTROL CHARACTERISTICSBIVARIATE AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSISCOVID-19 patients are more propense to BSI, but bathing with chlorhexidine and care and monitoring of invasive devices are modifiable factors to minimize the risk of infections.Christian Pallares, MD, MSc, 3M: Advisor/Consultant|3M: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Westqu\u00edmica: Advisor/Consultant|Westqu\u00edmica: Grant/Research Support|Westqu\u00edmica: Honoraria Mar\u00eda Virginia Villegas, n/a, MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Westqu\u00edmica: Advisor/Consultant|Westqu\u00edmica: Grant/Research Support|Westqu\u00edmica: Honoraria Karen Melissa Ordo\u00f1ez, n/a, Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) represent an urgent threat. Mortality rates associated with this pathogen approach 80%. Timely treatment of serious infections, even with highly resistant organisms, among hospitalized patients improves the chances of survival. We explored whether meropenem/vaborbactam (MEV) conforms to this observation.We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study in \u223c300 hospitals reporting microbiology data within the Premier Healthcare Database, 2019-2021, to explore the effect of timely (MEV-T) vs. delayed (MEV-D) CRE treatment. We included all adult hospitalized patients who either upon admission or during hospitalization had sepsis, a UTI, a cIAI, or pneumonia, and had at least one corresponding culture positive for CRE. Treatment was MEV-T if instituted within 2 days of obtaining the index culture. All other was considered MEV-D.C. difficile infection (CDI) and acute kidney injury (AKI) were lower with MEV-T (Table). Mean post-infection hospital length of stay  and hospital costs  were lower with timely MEV therapy.Among 1,513 patients with CRE, 87 (5.8%) received MEV. Among those treated with MEV, 29 (33.3%) were treated in a timely manner. At baseline, MEV-T patients were directionally sicker than those in the MEV-D group, as evidenced by a higher prevalence of DNR on admission and a higher mean Charlson Comorbidity score (Table). Similarly, MEV-T patients were slightly more likely to require admission to an intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation. Although not statistically different, hospital mortality trended lower with MEV-T relative to MEV-D. Rates of incident TableDespite being more severely ill, the group treated with timely initiation of MEV for CRE resulted in a significantly lower incidence of CDI and AKI. The post-infection LOS and hospital costs were also lower in the MEV-T group. Hospital mortality trended lower in the MEV-T group. Despite the small sample size, these differences suggest that timely administration of MEV may improve select significant clinical outcomes.Marya D. Zilberberg, MD, MPH, Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|scPharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|scPharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support Brian H. Nathanson, Ph.D., Merck & Co., Inc: Advisor/Consultant Mark Redell, PharmD, Melinta Therapeutics: Full-time employee|Melinta Therapeutics: Full-time employee|Melinta Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds|Melinta Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Kate Sulham, MPH, Melinta Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "The mechanism study of inhibition effect of prepared Radix Rehmanniainon combined with Radix Astragali osteoporosis through PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, which DOI is: https://doi.org/10.1590/acb371101, published in the journal Acta Cir\u00fargica Brasileira, 2022;37(11)e371101, page 5, in the axis Y of Figure 2(b):In the manuscript Instead of: lumbar vertebra boneShould be: left tibia bone"}
{"text": "The outcomes of liver surgery worldwide remain unknown. The true population-based outcomes are likely different to those vastly reported that reflect the activity of highly specialized academic centers. The aim of this study was to measure the true worldwide practice of liver surgery and associated outcomes by recruiting from centers across the globe. The geographic distribution of liver surgery activity and complexity was also evaluated to further understand variations in outcomes.LiverGroup.org was an international, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study following the Global Surgery Collaborative Snapshot Research approach with a 3-month prospective, consecutive patient enrollment within January\u2013December 2019. Each patient was followed up for 90 days postoperatively. All patients undergoing liver surgery at their respective centers were eligible for study inclusion. Basic demographics, patient and operation characteristics were collected. Morbidity was recorded according to the Clavien\u2013Dindo Classification of Surgical Complications. Country-based and hospital-based data were collected, including the Human Development Index (HDI). (NCT03768141).A total of 2159 patients were included from six continents. Surgery was performed for cancer in 1785 (83%) patients. Of all patients, 912 (42%) experienced a postoperative complication of any severity, while the major complication rate was 16% (341/2159). The overall 90-day mortality rate after liver surgery was 3.8% . The overall failure to rescue rate was 11% (82/ 722) ranging from 5 to 35% among the higher and lower HDI groups, respectively.This is the first to our knowledge global surgery study specifically designed and conducted for specialized liver surgery. The authors identified failure to rescue as a significant potentially modifiable factor for mortality after liver surgery, mostly related to lower Human Development Index countries. Members of the LiverGroup.org network could now work together to develop quality improvement collaboratives. HighlightsInternational snapshot study following the global surgery collaborative approach.Over 2000 patients were included from all continents.The 90-day mortality rate after liver surgery was 4%.The failure to rescue rate ranged from 5 to 35% among higher and lower Human Development Index (HDI) groups.There is a great need to develop quality improvement collaboratives worldwide.1. Liver cancer deaths were over 800\u00a0000 in 2020, with the highest rates observed in Eastern Asia and Northern Africa2. Furthermore, it has was shown that socioeconomic factors have a significant impact on liver cancer outcomes3. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a metric of life expectancy, education, and standard of living, developed to assess social and economic differences among countries4. This metric is therefore useful to compare outcomes after liver surgery in different regions across the world.The most common indications for liver surgery include primary cancer, such as hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma, liver metastases, mostly colorectal, and benign liver lesions, including hydatid liver disease. Asia and the Western Pacific have the highest liver malignancy mortality rates nearing 20%, especially in upper-middle-income areas, while the lowest rates are observed in South America, Europe, South-East Asia, as well as in low-middle-income regions5, hepatobiliary surgery is often a vital intervention in managing benign liver diseases, such as large symptomatic liver cysts, hepatic adenomas, and hydatid liver disease, among others6. Liver surgery ranges vastly in degrees of complexity and relies on strong cohesive multidisciplinary care. However, access to safe surgery of the liver worldwide is yet to be addressed. It is in this context that identifying the gaps in global surgery of the liver can help pinpoint modifiable domains in healthcare provision and perioperative care to improve the accessibility and safety of surgery worldwide. A light was shed on the gross inequality in surgery and anesthesia care in the world by the former President of the World Bank, Jim Yong Kim, in his statement to promote the inclusion of surgical care in the global health agenda that \u02bbsurgical care is an indivisible, indispensable part of healthcare\u02bc7. As the need to upscale healthcare systems, infrastructure, and education in underserved countries is increasingly evident, global surgery, a field of research and advocacy to improve surgical care outcomes not restricted to specific diseases, populations, or geographical regions, is of mounting significance today9. Thus, global surgery research should not only focus on \u02bbessential\u02bc, cost-effective general surgical procedures10 but also on highly specialized surgery, such as hepatobiliary.Apart from being the only potentially curative approach for many liver malignancies13. A comprehensive understanding of the global necessity for surgical interventions is paramount to address the significant health challenges faced by populations worldwide. However, it is equally crucial to acknowledge and analyze the barriers to accessing surgical care, including workforce shortages and quality concerns, to effectively enhance global surgical standards. The importance of this endeavor lies in its potential to mitigate disparities and optimize hepatobiliary surgical outcomes across diverse healthcare settings14.Ultimately, the true demographics worldwide in terms of activity and outcomes of hepatobiliary surgery remain unknown and surgery of the liver as we know it reflects the activity of highly specialized academic centers. In addition, the true population-based outcomes are likely different to those vastly reported from high-volume academic centersIn this International Liver Surgery Outcomes Study, the primary objective was to measure the true worldwide practice of liver surgery and associated outcomes by recruiting from centers across the globe, committing to consecutive case registration and rigorous data validation. The geographic distribution of liver surgery activity and complexity was also evaluated to further understand variations in outcomes.15. Such research methodology provides a worldwide population-based overview of the current clinical practice and allows for hypothesis generating comparative analyses. The study protocol was registered in advanced at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03768141) and audit approval was obtained by the Royal Free Hospital London, UK. This work is reported in line with the strengthening the reporting of cohort, cross-sectional and case\u2013control studies in surgery (STROCSS) criteria16 .LiverGroup.org was an international, prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study following the Global Surgery Collaborative Snapshot Research approach which was introduced in the UK in 201317.The project and study design were initiated in May 2017, center recruitment in September 2018, with a 3-month of prospective, consecutive patient enrollment within January to December 2019. Each patient was followed up for up to 90 days postoperatively. None of the participating centers were affected by the first peak of COVID-19 during the study periodAny surgeon performing liver surgery was eligible to participate and there were no exclusion criteria for center participation, to reflect the nature of this global surgery study. Centers were recruited through various methods, including: collaborative networks and partnerships with healthcare institutions, through national societies of surgical trainees, through different associations and societies by promoting our study to their members, through research collaborations with centers that had prior projects with the study investigators, through preselected country and regional leaders dedicated to recruit centers within their region, through dissemination of study information at conferences, through multiple emails and newsletters, social media, instant messaging groups, by utilizing personal contacts, and referrals within the global surgery community.18 for the purposes of liver parenchyma augmentation were excluded. It was predetermined at the beginning of the study design that data on two-stage liver resections would warrant separate examination and documentation. The purpose of the present study was to report the true morbidity and mortality associated with liver surgery. Only reason I would delete this is because it sounds like a bias introduced rather than a measure to minimise it (which I believe was the intention).All patients undergoing liver surgery at their respective centers were eligible for study inclusion. The inclusion criteria were patients of 18 years of age or older, any indication for surgery, including surgery for both benign and malignant disease, and all minimally invasive approaches. The exclusion criteria were patients undergoing liver transplantation, liver biopsies, or image-guided liver ablation alone. For this manuscript, only single-stage liver resections were included, two-stage liver resection19, the FABIB Liver Surgery-Specific Classification20 and the novel Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI)21 up to 90 days postoperatively. Major complications were defined as Clavien\u2013Dindo grade \u22653a (any complication requiring an intervention or organ failure). High-volume centers were defined as those having submitted at least 30 cases over the 3-month recruitment period . The failure-to-rescue rate was calculated by dividing the number of patients that died after surgery over the total number of patients with complications22. All data were collected using the LiverGroup.org specially designed electronic Case Report Form (eCRF). Furthermore, country-based and hospital-based data were collected, including the Human Development Index (HDI)4, Gross National Income (GNI)23, Education Index23, Life Expectancy Index (LEI)23, and the Total Health Expenditure24. These parameters were used to compare the outcomes of liver surgery worldwide. Cost analysis was conducted using the validated AssesSurgery GmbH calculator25 only for European countries, including Switzerland and the United States of America. All values in Euro or Swiss Francs were converted to US Dollars for comparisons and uniform reporting purposes.Basic demographics, patient and operation characteristics were collected. The complexity of liver surgery was defined according to certain criteria and each criterion was given a single point (maximum 13) to create the Liver Surgery Complexity Score. Morbidity was recorded according to the Clavien\u2013Dindo Classification of Surgical ComplicationsThis study aimed for the maximum number of patients able to recruit. Assuming a 90-day mortality rate of 5 and 50% reduction to 2.5%, an alpha error of 0.05, power of 80%, the sample size calculation revealed the need for 1828 patients to be recruited. When adjusting for 10% drop-out or missing data rate, the final sample size calculation was set at 2011 cases in total.t-test, the Mann\u2013Whitney U test and the Kruskal\u2013Wallis H test or one-way ANOVA where appropriate. Differences among proportions derived from categorical data were compared using the Fisher and the Pearson \u03c72-tests, where appropriate. The Complexity of Liver Surgery Score (maximum score 13) was internally validated using the intraclass collection coefficient and the Cronbach\u2019s alpha test. ROC curve analysis was used to assess its predictive value and the Yuden\u2019s index to identify the optimal score cut-off point. A multivariable, binary regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors of 90-day mortality. The nature of missingness and proportions of missing data per variable were assessed. Variables containing data missing completely at random and missing in fewer than 10% of observations were handled as complete case analysis26. Cases with missing outcome only  data were excluded and there were no attempts to perform multiple imputation calculations to replace them. All P-values were 2-sided and considered statistically significant if P<0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using R version 3.3.2 , R Studio version 1.0.44  with the graphical user interface (GUI) rBiostatistics.com .Continuous variables were compared with the Student A total of 2159 patients were included  rates were at 90 days postoperatively . Similarly, on multivariable analysis, the complexity of the liver sugary score, with a cut-off of 2 points , was identified as an independent predictor of mortality  . Figure Surgery was performed for cancer in 1785 82.7%) patients, of whom 296 (13.7%) had received a liver resection previously. In 914 (42.3%) patients the indication for resection was colorectal liver metastases (CRLM), while in 386 (17.9%) it was hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Table .7% patieIn 211 (9.8%) patients, liver resection was performed together with a form of biliary and/or venous reconstruction. The median intraoperative and first 24\u00a0h postoperatively packed red blood cell (RBC) transfusion was 0 (10th\u201390th percentile: 0\u20131). Finally, a total of 1434 (80.1%) patients were successfully extubated in the operation room (Table http://links.lww.com/JS9/B126). Morbidity and mortality rates according to the different indications and types of operations are reported in Table P=0.483) and mortality  did not differ between benign and malignant indications for liver surgery .Outcomes were measured from the completion of surgery up until 90 days postoperatively. Of all patients, 912 42.2%) experienced a postoperative complication of any severity, while the major complication rate was 15.8% 341/2,159)  (dead/complications). The overall mean estimated cost of liver surgery in Europe and the USA was 14\u00a0034 (SD 7279) US Dollars. Supplementary figure 2 Supplemental Digital Content 1, versus large (\u2265850 beds) hospitals was not significantly different in this cohort . Teaching or university affiliated hospitals; however, were associated with lower mortality rates when compared to nonteaching hospitals . There was a trend to higher mortality rate associated with private when compared to public hospitals 3.7 vs. 7.9%, OR 2.23, 95% CI: 0.84\u20135.03, P=0.081).The mortality rate in relatively small (<850 beds) http://links.lww.com/JS9/B126) is a summary measure of achievement in key dimensions of human development: Life Expectancy (LEI), Education (EI) and the Gross National Income (GNI) Indices23. All participating centers fell into three groups, the low- to medium- (0.550\u20130.699), high- (0.700\u20130.799) and very high- (\u22650.800) HDI groups. Although sex and comorbidities did not differ significantly among the three HDI groups, patients from low- to middle HDI countries were younger, were more likely to suffer from a benign disease, had similar postoperative morbidity rates but despite that, a significantly higher mortality rate when compared to high- and very high-HDI groups , respectively (P=0.004). Figure http://links.lww.com/JS9/B126).The Human Development Index (HDI)  perform an increasing number of liver resections, while Sub-Saharan Africa is grossly underrepresented. Liver surgery today bears important morbidity overall, with as many as 4 in 10 patients experiencing at least one postoperative complication of any severity with an overall 90-day mortality rate of 4%.Across the represented HDI groups, there was an inverse relationship between increasing HDI and 90-day mortality rates with a four-fold higher mortality in the medium HDI group than in the very high-HDI group. Major morbidity, however, while also highest in the medium HDI group, was lowest in the high-HDI countries rather than in the very high-HDI countries. Interestingly, despite the very high-HDI countries owning the lowest mortality, the major morbidity was substantial. When evaluating the surgical complexity scores, it becomes apparent that the high morbidity is associated with higher complexity. The resulting relationship of these outcome metrics, particularly in the medium and very high-HDI group, rises further themes for discussion and research.27. This global snapshot study reveals a failure-to-rescue rate of over 10% in liver surgery worldwide. The stark contrast between the mortality rates between medium and very high-HDI groups, considering the relatively similar morbidity rates, is highly suggestive of higher preventable mortality in lower HDI groups. Similarly, in the African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS), a high incidence of preventable deaths in low-risk patients following surgery was identified and attributed to inadequate identification and treatment of life-threatening complications during the perioperative period28. Furthermore, several Global Surgery studies have emphasized the importance of failure to rescue as one of the few factors that are modifiable30. This has led to its use as a new quality indicator of surgical services31. Although the key modifiable domains that impact mortality following major complications in liver surgery remain hypothesis driven, the timely recognition and management of complications together with optimal infrastructure can hardly be disputed. Nationwide studies, albeit all from very high-HDI countries, have attributed interhospital differences in failure to rescue rates after liver surgery, at least in part, to hospital volume33. However, at an international level, there appears to be no significant association between the two, with hospital size and volume not being associated with postoperative outcomes.Failure-to-rescue, defined as death after a treatable complication, was described as an effective measure of preventable postoperative mortality34. Improving surgical care must embrace initiatives to reduce postoperative deaths as much as to address the disparities in surgical activity in underserved areas. While the present study reveals gaps in the field of liver surgery, failure to rescue encompasses the wider surgical ecosystem, including workforce and infrastructure factors. Identifying what drove the improved standards in the very high-HDI countries that have also allowed for resections of higher complexity will help address the high failure to rescue rates observed in the medium HDI group. In establishing an international collaborative group, LiverGroup.org members could now work together to develop quality improvement collaboratives.The burden of postoperative mortality after surgery, of any kind, is estimated to account for nearly 10% of all deaths each year worldwide, which makes it the third leading cause of deaths, preceded only by ischemic heart disease and stroke35. This may be attributed to improved surgical techniques and precision instruments, preoperative planning and advanced imaging technologies, inflow occlusion36, hemostatic agents and devices for effective bleeding control, optimized transfusion strategies and blood management protocols, as well as enhanced perioperative care practices. However, mortality rates reaching nearly 20% in patients that suffer from hilar cholangiocarcinoma, requiring complex liver surgery, biliary and/or venous reconstruction are unacceptable and twice as high when compared to the current literature37. Further research in this field is required to make surgery for cholangiocarcinoma safer, among others including risk stratification and patient selection scores, perioperative care optimization protocols, quality improvement initiatives, multicenter collaborations, and data registries.This study also revealed other important findings. Liver surgery is currently performed bloodless, with only about 1 out of 10 patients requiring a blood transfusion. This is in contrast with historic reports that associated liver surgery with significant blood loses38. Furthermore, minimally invasive surgery was attempted and/or performed in a quarter of the patients in this cohort, however the levels of surgical complexity in this group were lowest, which may explain superior outcomes. Interestingly, worse outcomes were associated with operations that were converted from minimally invasive to open surgery. This may reflect higher complexity as well as intraoperative complications affecting patient outcomes39.A third of the patients underwent parenchymal preserving operations . This is in contrast to previous reports with anatomical, nonparenchymal preserving operations performed due to the perceived oncological benefit and simplicity of liver surgery40. In-hospital cost appear to double for reinterventions and quadruple with organ failure. The highest costs were related to patients in whom failure-to-rescue occurred. Prevention and early identification of postoperative complications may help increase patient turnover as well as save cost, allowing to offer surgery to more patients and reduce the waiting time for surgery.Apart from the patient and family burden, postoperative complications also affect cost and hospital resourcesFirstly, selective reporting is an issue with any type of global surgery studies41 and there were no data monitors assigned to each center. However, with anonymous reporting and the high mortality rates associated with specific disease and operation characteristics, the writing committee members did not consider this as a significant issue. Secondly, the short time frame of three months for data capture by local investigators may risk selection bias, such as seasonal variation in local presentations. However, longer enrollment strategies, with a higher time burden, may have affected study participation. Thirdly, this study used several classifications and terminology that may not be familiar to local investigators, and this may have affected the correctness of data capture. However, the electronic Case Report Form (CRF) as well as the LiverGroup.org platform contained explanations for each classification and term used as well as online converters for laboratory values and other important calculators. Fourthly, the surgeon experience and learning curve was not assessed in this study, thus no associations could be made with regards to outcomes, especially among the different HDI country groups. Lastly, underrepresentation of certain regions in global surgery studies is a common phenomenon and this can be attributed to limited research infrastructure and funding opportunities in certain regions, lack of awareness and access to global surgery studies, language and cultural barriers that impact participation, variation in regulatory and ethical considerations across countries, as well as differences in surgical capacity and expertise among regions. Addressing these barriers requires initiatives to promote inclusivity and equity, such as capacity-building programs, targeted funding support, collaborations with regional partners, translation, and cultural adaptation of study materials, and active engagement with underrepresented regions to overcome specific challenges they may face42.The strengths of this study lie in the magnitude of the LiverGroup.org network, its geographic distribution, the prospective nature of this study, the duration of follow-up, and the liver surgery-specific details obtained. Nevertheless, a study of this scale has some inevitable limitations. In conclusion, to our knowledge, this is the first global surgery study specifically designed and conducted for specialized, liver surgery. We identified failure to rescue as a significant potentially modifiable factor for mortality after liver surgery, mostly related to lower Human Development Index (HDI) countries. Members of the LiverGroup.org network could now work together to develop quality improvement collaboratives, with the next obvious step being studying failure to rescue in lower HDI countries. We propose a strategy encompassing joint research on failure-to-rescue factors in lower HDI countries, skill-based training programs, technology transfer, infrastructure development, policy advocacy, and local capacity-buildingThis project obtained audit approval from the Royal Free Hospital Audit and Compliance, Quality Governance department with the registration ID: RFH TASS40_2016/17.This project, registered as an audit, did not require informed consent in the UK as it was truly observational with fully anonymised data.This study was supported by the University College London, UK Liver Fund Charity and BOWA AG, Germany. The sponsors how NO involvement in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.DA.R., C.H.S., and M.M.: study conception and study design, data acquisition, data analysis and interpretation, article drafting and approval. All members of the Scientific Committee (see Appendix) revised and approved the manuscript for publication.The authors declare that they have no financial conflict of interest with regard to the content of this report.ClinicalTrials.gov NIH Protocol (NCT03768141).ISRCTN Registry Protocol (ISRCTN14071325).Dimitri Raptis and Massimo Malag\u00f2.The Scientific and Management Committees will decide about requests from LiverGroup.org Members regarding data sharing and will consider all such requests based on quality and the validity of the proposed project.Not commissioned, externally peer-reviewed.LiverGroup.org CommitteesChief Investigators:Co-Chief Investigator: Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaMassimo Malag\u00f2, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and Alejandro Serrablo, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Spain. Scientific Committee:Christos Dervenis, Metropolitan Hospital Athens, Greece & University of Cyprus; Karl J\u00fcrgen Oldhafer, Asklepios Medical School, Germany; Marcel Autran Machado, Hospital Sirio Libanes, Brazil; Norihiro Kokudo, University of Tokyo Hospital, Japan, P\u00e5l-Dag Line, Oslo University Hospital, Norway; Roberto Hernandez-Alejandro, University of Rochester Medical Center, USA; Stefan Breitenstein, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Switzerland; Thomas van Gulik, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands\u200b; Yaman Tokat, International Liver Center, Turkey\u200b and Ulf Peter Neumann, University Hospital Aachen, Germany.Management Committee:Aditya Borakati, Royal Free Hospital London, UK; Andrea Monaco, Royal Free Hospital London, UK; Andreas A. Schnitzbauer, University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany; Arthur Elfrink\u200b, University Medical Center Groningen\u200b, Netherlands; Carlijn Buis, University Medical Center Groningen\u200b, Netherlands; Camila Hidalgo Salinas, Royal Free Hospital London, UK; Charles Imber, Royal Free Hospital London, UK; Daniele Ferraro, Royal Free Hospital London, UK; Deniz Balci, Ankara University, Turkey; Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Royal Free Hospital London, UK; Erik Schadde, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States; Fiammetta Soggiu, Royal Free Hospital London, UK; Georg Lurje, University Hospital Aachen, Germany; Gregor A. Stavrou, Klinikum Saarbruecken, Germany; Ioannis Passas, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece; James Pape, Johannesburg, South Africa; Marc Bemelmans\u200b, Maastricht\u200b University Medical Center\u200b, Netherlands; Marieke de Boer, University Medical Center Groningen\u200b, Netherlands; Omid\u200b Madadi-Sanjani\u200b, Royal Free Hospital London, UK; Pim Olthof, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands; Rahul Koti, Royal Free Hospital, UK; Stefen Gilg Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Steven Olde Damink, Maastricht University, Netherlands; Sven Lang, University Hospital Freiburg, Germany; Theodora Pissanou, Royal Free Hospital London, UK; Thomas Hanna, Royal Free Hospital London, UK; Victoria Ardiles, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina.Country Leaders:Algeria: Ahmed Belhadj Mostefa, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Constantine; Argentina: Jeremias Goransky, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires; Lucas McCormack, Hospital Aleman of Buenos Aires; Nicolas Resio, Unidad HPB Sur; Australia: George Petrou, Mid North Coast; Thomas Hugh, Royal North Shore Hospital; Vincent Lam, Norwest Private Hospital; Austria: Thomas Gruenberger, Social Medical Center South; Belarus: Aliaksei Shcherba, Minsk Medical Center for Surgery, Transplantation and Hematology; Belgium: Claude Bertrand, CHU UCL Namur, Godinne; Mathieu D'Hondt, Groeninge Hospital Kortrijk; Brazil: Claudemiro Quireze Junior, Universidade Federal de Goias; Lucio Lucas Pereira, Hospital Sirio Libanes. Felipe Jos\u00e9 Fern\u00e1ndez Coimbra, AC Camargo Cancer Center. Bulgaria: Daniel Kostov, Military Medical Academy, Varna; Nikola Vladov, Military Medical Academy, Sofia; Nikolay Belev, UMBAL-Eurohospital; Canada: Gonzalo Sapisochin, UHN - Toronto General Hospital; Chile: Camila Hidalgo, Nicolas Jarufe, P. Universidad Carolica de Chile; China: An'an Gong, Yiwu Central Hospital; Chao Liu, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University; Dachen Zhou, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University; Yiming Chen, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University; Fei Zhang, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Zhang Wen, The first affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University; Croatia: Mario Kopljar, University Hospital Center \"Sestre milosrdnice\"; Cyprus: Athanasios Petrou, American Institute of Minimal Invasive Surgery; Czech Republic: Vladislav Treska, University Hospital; Egypt: Ahmed Sherif, National Liver Institute - Menoufia University; Mahmoud El-Meteini, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University; France: David Fuks, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris; Olivia Sgarbura, Cancer Institute Montpellier; Germany: Bettina M. Buchholz, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Jun Li, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Stefan Heinrich, University Hospital of Mainz; Greece: George Tzimas, Hygeia Hospital; Georgios Tsoulfas, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Ioannis Passas, Metropolitan Hospital; Panagiotis Petras, Ippokratio General Hospital of Thessaloniki; India: Soumil Vyas, Sir H N Reliance Foundation Hospital; Indonesia: Budi Irwan, RSUP H. Adam Malik; Erik Prabowo, Kariadi General Hospital / Diponegoro University; Ireland: Tom Gallagher, St. Vincent's University Hospital; Israel: Riad Haddad, Carmel Medical Center; Italy: Adelmo Antonucci, Policlinico of Monza; Elio Jovine, Sant\u2019Orsola University hospital IRCCS; Francesca Ratti, San Raffaele Hospital; Francesco Saverio Papadia, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino; Marcello Maestri, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; Latvia: Arturs Ozolins, Pauls Stradins Clinical University Hospital; Lebanon: Mohamad Khalife, American University of Beirut; Libya: Muhammed Elhadi, University of Tripoli; Lithuania: Audrius Dulskas, National Cancer Institute; Marius Paskonis, Vilnius University hospital Santaros Klinikos; Tomas Vanagas, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences; Malaysia: Peng Soon Koh, University of Malaya; Maldives: Shahi Ghani, Tree Top Hospital; Mexico: Alejandro Ramirez Del Val, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran; Alejandro Eduardo Padilla Rosciano, National Cancer Institute; Carlos Florez Zorrilla, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional 20 de noviembre; Javier Melchor-Ruan, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda; Netherlands: Carlijn Buis, UMCG; Marc Bemelmans, Maastricht University Medical Center+; New Zealand: Jonathan Koea, North Shore Hospital; Nigeria: Bose Ojo-Williams, Olusegun Alatise, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex; Norway: Sheraz Yaqub, Oslo University Hospital; Peru: Eduardo Anchante Castillo, G. Almenara I. National Hospital Essalud; Peru: Victor Hugo Torres Cuevs, G. Almenara I. National Hospital Essalud; Philippines: Catherine Teh, St Luke's Medical Center; Poland: Andrzej Komorowski, University of Rzeszow; Krzysztof Jeziorski, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Warsaw; Krzysztof Zieniewicz, Medical University of Warsaw; Oskar Kornasiewicz, Medical University of Warsaw; Portugal: Vitor Nunes, Hospital Prof. Dr. Fernando Fonseca; Qatar: Hatem Khalaf, Hamad Medical Corporation; Romania: Anamaria Schipor, Iuliu Ha\u0163ieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy; Ionut Negoi, Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest; Matei Bratu, Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest; Octav Ginghina, Saint John Hospital Bucharest; Russia: Arkady Bedzhanyan, Russian Reserch Center of Surgery named after B.V.Petrovsky; Ivan Kozyrin, Clinical Hospital #1 MEDSI; Nikita Chardarov, Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery; Nikolay Bagmet, Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery; Vladimir Zagainov, Volga District Medical Center of FMBA of Russia; Saudi Arabia: Ahmed Zidan, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre; Serbia: Aleksandar Karamarkovic, Clinic for Surgery, University Clinical Center Zvezdara, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade; Daniel Galun, University Clinic for Digestive Surgery; Mladjan Protic, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine; Slovakia: Alexander Ferko, University Hospital Martin; Slovenia: Bla\u017e Trotov\u0161ek, University Medical Centre Ljubljana; Slovenia: Peter Pipan, TBA; Spain: Benedetto Ielpo, University Hospital of Leon; Spain: Irene Ortega, Infanta Sof\u00eda University Hospital; JM Asencio, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n; Miguel-Angel Suarez-Mu\u00f1oz, University Hospital \"Virgen de la Victoria\"; Roberto Brusadin, Virgen del Arrixaca Clinic and University Hospital; Vicen\u00e7 Artigas, Universidad Aut\u00f2noma Barcelona; Sri Lanka: Bulathsinhalage Bulathsinhala, Colombo North Teaching Hospital;Rohan Siriwardana, University of Kelaniya; Sweden: Ernesto Sparrelid, Karolinska Institutet; Per Sandstr\u00f6m, Institution of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences; Switzerland: Andrea Peloso, HUG - H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Gen\u00e8ve; Erik Schadde, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur; Turkey: Ahmet Coker, Ender Dulundu, University of Istanbul, Cerrahpasa, School of Medicine; Mustafa Kerem, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine; United Kingdom: Francis Robertson, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; Moh'd Abu Hilal, Southampton University Hospital and Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy; Rajiv Lahiri, Royal Free Hospital; Reena Ravikumar, Kings College Hospital; Robert Hutchins, Bart's Health NHS trust; Satheesh Iype, Royal Free Hospital; Stephanos Pericleous, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust; VM Bobby Dasari, Queen Elizabeth Hospital; United States: Alan Koffron, Beaumont Health System; Emmanouil Giorgakis, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Hrishikesh Samant, Willis Knighton health system; Steven Curley, Christus Trinity Mother Frances. Yuri Genyk, University of Southern California, Uruguay: Daniel Czarnevicz, Servicio Medico Integral.LiverGroup.org Members:Argentina: HIGA Dr. O. Alende Hospital: Gabriela Delvalle; Hospital Aleman of Buenos Aires: Matias Balmer; Hospital Universitario Fundacion Favaloro: Diego Ramich; Gabriel Gondolesi; Pablo Barros Schelotto; Clinica Pasteur Rio Negro: Nicolas Resio; Unidad HPB Sur: Dario Abaca; Julio Lazarte; Australia: Norwest Private Hospital: Lawrence Yuen; Tony Pang; Royal North Shore Hospital: Nazim Bhimani; Austria: Community Hospital Horn: Andreas Hauer; Klaus Kirbes; Reinhold Klug; Medical University of Innsbruck: Eva Braunwarth; Florian Primavesi; Stefan St\u00e4ttner; Belarus: Minsk Medical Center for Surgery, Transplantation and Hematology: Dmitry Fedaruk; Sergey Korotkov; Belgium: AZ Delta: S\u00e9bastien Strypstein; Bart Smet; Mehrdad Biglari; CHU UCL Namur, Godinne: Alexandra Dili; Ghent University Hospital: Aude Vanlander; Betsy Van Loo; Lu\u00eds Filipe Abreu de Carvalho; Bart Hendrikx; Federico Tomassini; Xavier Rogiers; Groeninge Hospital Kortrijk: Celine De Meyere; Franky Vansteenkiste; Brazil: Santa Casa de Miseric\u00f3rdia do Par\u00e1: Fernanda Oliveira Barreto Garcia; Rafael Jos\u00e9 Romero Garcia; Universidade Federal do Pampa /Hospital Santa Casa de Caridade de Ururguaiana: Diego Kleinubing; Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, Hospital S\u00e3o Paulo: Marcelo Moura Linhares; Leandro Dias Cezar; Daniel Kitayama Shiraiwa; Rachel Riera; Bulgaria: Military Medical Academy: Tsonka Lukanova; Vasil Kostov; UMBAL-Eurohospital: Panche Krastev; Radoslav Penkov; Chile: P. Universidad Carolica de Chile: Martin Dib; P. Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile: Carlo Marino; China: The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University: Dachen Zhou, Jiong Gu, Bin Zhang; Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University: Lei-bo Xu; Rui Zhang; The First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University: Yunbo Tan; Ziting Su; The first affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University: Banghao Xu; Jilong Wang; Yiwu Central Hospital: Ke Miao; Xuhang Luo; Yuebei Peopl\u2019s Hospital: Haimin Chen; Jiafeng Zhao; Croatia: University Hospital Center \"Sestre milosrdnice\": Mario Zovak; Czech Republic: University Hospital: Jakub Fichtl; Egypt: Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University: Hany Dabbous; Mohamed Bahaa; National Liver Institute - Menoufia University: Islam Ayoub; Maher Osman; Estonia: University of Tartu: Jaan Soplepmann; Margus Kivisild; Olav Tammik; France: Cancer Institute Montpellier: Fran\u00e7ois Quenet; Centre Hospitalier R\u00e9gional Universitaire de Lille: St\u00e9phanie Truant; Emmanuel Boleslawski; H\u00f4pital Ambroise Par\u00e9 - APHP: Renato M Lupinacci; Fr\u00e9d\u00e9rique S Peschaud; Institut Mutualiste Montsouris: Ela Ekmek\u00e7igil; Ioannis Triantafyllidis; Germany: Asklepios Clinic Barmbek: Georgios Makridis; Alexandros Kantas; Tim Reese; Heinrich Heine University Hospital: Nadja Lehwald-Tywuschik; Paulina Shabes; Wolfram Knoefel; Medical Center Freiburg: Magdalena Menzel; Saarbruecken Hospital: Dimitrios Kardassis; Technical University Munich: Christian St\u00f6\u00df; Daniel Hartmann; Alexander Novotny; Helmut Friess; University Hospital Heidelberg: Arianeb Mehrabi; University Hospital of Mainz: Hauke Lang; Verena Tripke; University Hospital Regensburg: Hans J\u00fcrgen Schlitt; Jens M. Werner; Monika Diehl-Bein; Stefan M. Brunner; University Hospital RWTH Aachen: Isabella Lurje; Zoltan Czigany; Greece: Aretaieion Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University Medical School of Athents: Konstantinos Bramis; Manousos Konstadoulakis; Hippokration General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University Medical School of Athents: Nikolaos Alexakis; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki: Dimitrios Giakoustidis; Vasileios Papadopoulos; Attikon University Hospital: Anna Paspala; Emmanuel Pikoulis; Nikolaos Arkadopoulos; Panagiotis Kokoropoulos; Paul Patapis; Theodoros Sidiropoulos; Evgenideio Hospital: Nikolaos Machairas; Paraskevas Stamopoulos; Hygeia Hospital: George Tzimas; Spiridon Pangratis, Ippokratio General Hospital of Thessaloniki: Apostolos Kambaroudis; Thomas Kanteres; Laiko General Hospital: Dimitrios Dimitroulis; Georgios Sotiropoulos; Michail Vailas; Zoe Garoufalia; Laiko General Hospital, Athens Medical School: Alexandros Papalampros; John Griniatsos; Metropolitan General: Emmanuil Zacharakis; Theo Tsirlis; Ioannis Sideris; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens: Athanasios Syllaios; Dimitrios Schizas; Konstantinos Toutouzas; Natasha Hasemaki; Olympion General Clinic: Apollon Zygomalas; Dionissios Karavias; Nikolaos Katsiakis; Saint Savvas Anticancer Hospital: Dimitrios Balalis; Dimitrios Korkolis; Dimitrios Manatakis; University Hospital of Ioannina and School of Medicine of Ioannina: Ioannis Kyrochristos; Georgios Glantzounis; University Hospital of Larissa: Alexandros Diamantis; Konstantinos Perivoliotis; Konstantinos Tepetes; University of Athens: Evangelos Felekouras; Dimitrios Moris; India: Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences: Biju Chandran; Christi Varghese; Surendran Sudhindran; Caritas Hospital: Arun Kumar; Murali Appukuttan; Vinitha Nair; Hindu Mission Hospital, Chennai: Anand Ramamurthy; Shalby Hospitals: Bhavin Vasavada; Hardik Patel; Indonesia: M.djamil Padang General Hospital: Irwan Rachman; Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou General Hospital: Michael Tendean; Ireland: St. Vincent's University Hospital: Aidan O'Dowling; Emir Hoti; Patrick Kambakamba; Israel: Carmel Medical Center: Moneer Swaed; Riad Haddad; Rabin Medical Center: Eran Sadot; Hanoch Kashtan; Rambam Health Care Campus: Offir Ben-Ishay; Safi Khouri; Italy: AOUI Verona: Luca Bortolasi; ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo: Carolina Rubicondo; Mara Giovanelli; AUSL Bologna: Matteo Zanello; Michele Masetti; Raffaele Lombardi; Azienda Ospedaliera \"Vito Fazzi\": Marcello Spampinato; Stefano Garritano; Azienda Ospedaliera Papardo: Edoardo Saladino; Giuseppe Cuticone; Nino Gull\u00e0; Dell'Angelo Hospital: Alfonso Recordare; Fabrizio Cimino; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori: Alessandro Germini; Vincenzo Mazzaferro; Claudia Piscitelli; Tommaso Dominioni; AOUI Verona: Alfredo Guglielmi; Andrea Ruzzenente; Tommaso Campagnaro; IRCCS - Regina Elena National Cancer Institute: Chiara Parrino; Gian Luca Grazi; Valerio De Peppo; La Maddalena: Marco Paci; Lucio Mandal\u00e0; Pietro Mezzatesta; Mauriziano Hospital: Alessandro Ferrero; Fabio Forchino; Nadia Russolillo; National Cancer Institute - Fondazione \"G. Pascale\" - IRCCS: Andrea Belli; Vincenza Granata; Francesco Izzo; Ospedale Centrale di Bolzano: Antonio Frena; Stefan Patauner; Giovanni Scotton; Francesca Notte; Ospedale Policlinico San Martino: Andrea Massobrio; Davide Pertile; Franco De Cian; Stefano Di Domenico; Stefano Scabini; Policlinico di Monza: Marco Mattioli; Ana Gonta; Sciannamea Ivano; Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi: Matteo Serenari; Policlinico San Pietro: Enrico Pinotti; Mauro Montuori; Mauro Zago; San Raffaele Hospital: Federica Cipriani; Luca Aldrighetti; Sant'Orsola Hospital: Margherita Binetti; Maurizio Cervellera; Valeria Tonini; Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche: Federico Mocchegiani; Grazia Conte; Marco Vivarelli; University of Milan-Bicocca: Alessandro Giani; Fabrizio Romano; Simone Famularo; University of Sassari: Alberto Porcu; Claudio F. Feo; Giuseppe Cherchi; Lebanon: American University of Beirut: Walid Faraj; Libya: Alkhadra Hospital: Bushray Almiqlash; Libya: Tripoli University Hosptial: Hazem Ahmed; Zliten Teaching Hospital: Ahmad Alzedam; Lithuania: National Cancer Institute: Eugenijus Stratilatovas; Rimantas Bausys; Vilnius University hospital Santaros Klinikos: Kestutis Strupas; Rokas Rackauskas; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences: Giedrius Barauskas; Romualdas Riauka; Malaysia: University of Malaya: Boon Koon Yoong; Jun Kit Koong; Mexico: National Cancer Institute: Horacio Lopez Basave; National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran: Alan Contreras Sald\u00edvar; Ismael Dominguez Rosado; Mario Vilatob\u00e1 Chapa; Miguel Mercado; Netherlands: Albert Schweitzer Hospital: Eric Belt; Gijs Musters; Joost Van der Hoeven; Amphia Ziekenhuis: Arjen Rijken; Jan Wijsman; Paul Gobardhan; Amsterdam University Medical Center: Joris Erdmann; Marc Besselink; Rutger-Jan Swijnenburg; Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis: Koert Kuhlmann; Niels Kok; Theo Ruers; Deventer Ziekenhuis: A. Talsma;Dutch Institute for Clinical Auditing / UMCG: Arthur Elfrink; Erasmus Medical Center: Dirk Gr\u00fcnhagen; C. Verhoef; Michiel Rothbarth; Gelre Ziekenhuis: Peter van Duijvendijk; IJsselland Ziekenhuis: Elisabeth de Wijkerslooth; Maarten Vermaas; Pascal Doornebosch; Isala Klinieken: Gijs Patijn; V. Nieuwenhuis; Maastricht University Hospital: Marcel den Dulk; Maastricht University Medical Center+: Kees Dejong; Marielle Coolsen; Maxima Medical Center: Gerrit Slooter; Wouter Leclerq; Julie Sijmons; Medical Center Leeuwarden: Christiaan Hoff; Eric Manusama; Hasan Eker; Medisch Spectrum Twente: Daan Lips; Jorieke Nijhuis; Mike Liem; Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis: Fadi Rassam; Hendrik Marsman; Michael Gerhards; Radboud University Medical Center: Peter van den Boezem; Johannes de Wilt; Martijn Stommel; Regionaal Academisch Kankercentrum Utrecht: Jeroen Hagendoorn; Wouter te Riele; Spaarne Gasthuis: Ronald Vuylsteke; Steven Oosterling; University Medical Centre Groningen: Frederik Hoogwater; Marieke de Boer; Floris Poelmann; Deventer Ziekenhuis: H. Torrenga; K. Talsma, New Zealand: North Shore Hospital: Michael Rodgers; Universe Leung; Auckland City Hospital: Peter Johnston; John McCall; Waikato Hospital: Fraser Welch; Christchurch Hospital: Saxon Connor; Todd Hore; Dunedin Hospital: Andrew Audeau; Peru: G. Almenara I. National Hospital Essalud: Lilian Rebecs Mantilla Silva; Philippines: St Luke's Medical Center: Amornetta Jordan-Casupang; Poland: Medical University of Warsaw: Bartosz Cieslak; Bartosz Maczkowski; Dariusz Wasiak; Maciej Kosieradzki; Maciej Krasnod\u0119bski; Marcin Kotulski; Micha\u0142 Gr\u0105t; Piotr Kalinowski; Piotr Malkowski; Piotr Smoter; Rafa\u0142 Paluszkiewicz; Waclaw Ho\u0142\u00f3wko; Waldemar Patkowski; Portugal: Centro Hospitalar Universitario Sao Joao - Porto: Renato de Melo; Hospital Prof. Dr. Fernando Fonseca: Antonio Gomes; Rui Marinho; Qatar: Hamad Medical Corporation: Ahmed Elaffandi; Walid El-Moghazy; Republic of Korea: Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine: Boram Lee, Jai Young Cho, Ho-Seong Han Reunion: CHU R\u00e9union: Herve Fagot; Johanna Zemour; Romania: Emergency Clinical Hospital of Bucharest: Bogdan Diaconescu; Bogdan Stoica; Mircea Beuran, Valentina Madalina Negoita, Cezar Ciubotaru;; Saint John Hospital Bucharest: Andrada Spanu; Mara Mardare; Russia: Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery: Garnik Shatverian; Nikolay Bagmet; Konstantin Petrenko; Lilia Polishchuk; Volga District Medical Center of FMBA of Russia: Gleb Gorochov; Nikolay Bobrov; Saudi Arabia: King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre: Mark Sturdevant; Serbia: Clinic for Surgery, University Clinical Center Zvezdara, Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade: Jovan Juloski; Ljiljana Milic; Vladica \u0106uk. University Clinic for Digestive Surgery: Aleksandar Bogdanovic; Marko Zivanovic; University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina; Slovakia: University Hospital Martin: Ludovit Laca; Martin Vojtko; Slovenia: University Medical Centre Ljubljana: Miha Petri\u010d; Mihajlo Djoki\u0107; Spain: Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr Josep Trueta: Maria Teresa Albiol; Ernest Castro; Santiago L\u00f3pez-Ben; Hospital Torrecardenas: Maria del Mar Rico; Miguel Vargas; Orlando Porcel; Hospital Universitari Son Espases: Francesc Xavier Molina Romero; Jos\u00e9 Miguel Mor\u00f3n Canis; Natalia Pujol Cano; Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias: Alberto Miyar de Le\u00f3n; Carmen Garc\u00eda Bernardo; Lorena Solar-Garc\u00eda; Hospital Universitario de Badajoz: Adela Rojas Holgu\u00edn; Diego L\u00f3pez Guerra; Gerardo Blanco Fern\u00e1ndez; Hospital Universitario de Canarias: \u00c1ngel Pallares; Antonio Mart\u00edn Malag\u00f3n; Liliana Pezzetta Hern\u00e1ndez; Hospital Universitario de Guadalajara: Alba Manuel; Jose Ramia; Raquel Latorre; Hospital Universitario de Torrej\u00f3n: Enrique Esteban Agust\u00ed; Maria Guti\u00e9rrez Samaniego; Miguel-Angel Hern\u00e1ndez Bartolom\u00e9; Hospital Universitario de Valme: Dar\u00edo Martinez-Baena; Jos\u00e9 Lorente-Herce; Pablo Parra-Memrbives; Hospital Universitario Fundaci\u00f3n Jim\u00e9nez D\u00edaz: \u00c1ngel Uriarte; Santiago Ayora; Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria: Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez Fern\u00e1ndez; Gabriel Garcia Plaza; Javier Alcal\u00e1 Serrano; Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar: Maria Jes\u00fas Castro Santiago; Infanta Sof\u00eda University Hospital: \u00c1ngel Cuadrado; Roc\u00edo Fern\u00e1ndez; La Paz Hospital: Jose Castell; Nuria Bo\u00f1ar; Rula Sabbagh; Miguel Servet University Hospital Zaragoza: Mario Serradilla; Sandra Paterna; Teresa Gimenez-Maurel; Hospital Universitario del Mar: Fernando Burd\u00edo; Patricia S\u00e1nchez-Vel\u00e1zquez;: Manuel Rodriguez Blanco; Universidad Aut\u00f2noma Barcelona: Manuel Rodriguez Blanco; Universitario la Fe: Eva Montalv\u00e1; Rafael L\u00f3pez-And\u00fajar; University Hospital \"Virgen de la Victoria\": Jorge Roldan de la Rua; Luis Hinojosa-Arco; University Hospital La Princesa: Elena Martin-Perez; Marcello Di Martino; \u00c1ngela de la Hoz Rodr\u00edguez. University Hospital San Juan de Alicante: Antonio F. Compa\u00f1 Rosique, Rumyana Rumenova Smilevska; University Hospital Virgen del Rocio: Francisco Javier Padillo Ruiz; Miguel-Angel Gomez Bravo; Pablo Beltran Miranda; Virgen del Arrixaca Clinic and University Hospital: Ricardo Robles Campos; V\u00edctor L\u00f3pez-L\u00f3pez; University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII: Mihai Calin Pavel; Laia Estalella; Robert Memba; Rosa Jorba; Sri Lanka: University of Kelaniya: Nattashi Ranaweera; Nisansala Harshani; Sweden: Institution of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences: Bergthor Bjornsson; Linda Lundgren; Ume\u00e5 University: Oskar Hemmingsson; Switzerland: H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires de Gen\u00e8ve: Nicola Colucci; Christian Toso; Kantonsspital St.Gallen: Antonia Loosen; Fariba Abbassi; Thomas Steffen; Kantonsspital Winterthur: Erik Schadde; Franziska Heid; University Hospital of Lausanne CHUV: Emmanuel Melloul; Ismail Labgaa; Nicolas Demartines; R\u00e9gional Hospital Lugano: Alessandra Cristaudi; Raffaello Roesel; Pietro Majno; Taiwan: National Taiwan University/Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital: Po-Chih Yang; Turkey: Ankara University: Elvan Kirimker; Kaan Karayalcin; EGE University: Alper Uguz; Omer Unalp; Medical Park hospital & Sisli Etfal hospital: Ertan Emek; Pinar Yazici; Gazi University Faculty of Medicine: Ali Yalcinkaya; Hasan Bostanci; Kursat Dikmen; Ukraine: National Cancer Institute: Oleksandr Kvasivka; Kostiantyn Kopchak; Valeriya Sumarokova; Dmitry Cheverdiuk; Oleg Vasilev; Sergei Sikachov; United Kingdom: Kings College Hospital: Christina Boumpoureka; Diana Bogatu; Dimitra Intzepogazoglou; Parthi Srinivasan; Manchester Royal infirmary: Ajith K Siriwardena. LiverGroup.org Headquarters London: Eirini Liova; Plymouth NHS Trust: Urszula Donigiewicz; Princess Grace Hospital: Lisa Woodrow; Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham: Andrea Schlegel; Buddhika Dassanayake; Royal Blackburn Hospital: Ambareen Kausar; Royal Free Hospital London: Andrea Tufo; Adam Framptonl; Alejandro Ramirez Del Var, Andrea Monaco; Dimitri A Raptis; Brian R Davidson; Charles Imber; David Nasralla; Danielle Ferraro; Dinesh Sharma; Giuseppe Kito Fusai; Helen Tzerbinis; Ioannis D. Kostakis; Joao Mestre de Costa; Joerg-Matthias Pollok; Nikolaos Dimitrokallis; Pascale Tinguely; Satheesh Iype, Stephanos Pericleous; Timothy Owen; Theodora Pissanou; Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh: Ewen Harrison; Southampton University Hospital: John Primrose; Thomas Armstrong; Christoph Kuemmerli; Christoph Tschuor; Raed Aljarrah; St james University Hospital: Peter Lodge; Philipp Kron; The Royal Marsden NHS Trust: Daniel Akhtar; Tania Policastro; Ricky H Bhogal. United States: Carolinas Medical Center - Atrium Health: Christoph Tschuor; Dionisios Vrochides; John Martinie; Rush University Medical Center: JJ Klein; Erik Schadde; Martin Hertl; Xavier Keutgen; Jennifer Kalil; University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences: Lyle Burdine; University of Rochester Medical Center: Katie Helbig; Uruguay: Servicio Medico Integral: Gustavo Andreoli; Santiago Cubas.Hans Torrenga; Stijn Vanlaarhoven;"}
{"text": "Important questions remain about the role of older adults in driving transmission of pneumococcus in the community. This is a critical question for understanding the potential indirect effects of using pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in older adults. For non-institutionalized individuals, the most likely source of adult-to-adult transmission is in the household. The goal of this study was to characterize the dynamics and risk factors for acquisition of pneumococcus in older adults.piaB and lytA.We designed a longitudinal study to sample adults > 60 years of age living in the same household , and without younger contacts residing in the household. Saliva samples and questionnaires regarding social behaviors and health status were obtained every 2 weeks for a period of 10 weeks. DNA extracted from culture-enriched saliva was tested using qPCR for pneumococcus genes piaB. Two individuals were colonized at 6/6 time points, and two others were colonized at 5/6 time points during the 10-week sampling period. In 7/93 (7.5%) households, both members were colonized, though not necessarily at the same time point. Pneumococcal colonization was substantially higher among individuals who had contact with children < 18 years as compared to those with no recent contact with children (9.4% vs 2.3%). Participants who reported recent contact with < 5 year olds and 5-9 year olds had particularly elevated prevalence .Across the two study seasons , 184 individuals from 93 households were sampled and completed all 6 visits. Overall, 31/184 (16.8%) individuals were colonized on at least one time point based on qPCR detection of Pneumococcal acquisition related to adult-to-adult transmission is low. Contact with pre-school and young school-aged children was the most important factor that influenced acquisition rates of pneumococcus among older adult households.Anne L. Wyllie, PhD, Co-Diagnostics: Board Member|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Ronika Alexander-Parrish, RN, MAEd, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Adriano Arguedas, Medical director, Pfizer: Emplyee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Bradford J. Gessner, M.D., M.P.H., Pfizer: I am an employee of Pfizer|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Daniel M. Weinberger, PhD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "This study describes clinical decisions on switching to B/F/TAF or DTG/3TC.Sequential explanatory design was used in this mixed methods study. Retrospective EMR analysis of Trio HIV Network data characterized people living with HIV (PWH) \u226518 yrs prescribed B/F/TAF or DTG/3TC (4/2019-6/2022). Informed by retrospective analyses, interviews among selected clinicians were summarized through thematic analyses. Qualitative responses were then quantified to describe regimen choice.In EMR analysis, of 6996 eligible PWH, 84% were prescribed B/F/TAF, 16% DTG/3TC. B/F/TAF prescription was associated with HIV clinical parameters  and substance use, while prescribing DTG/3TC was associated with renal toxicity and obesity.In qualitative analysis, 27 clinicians  participated in interviews. Factors influencing regimen switch endorsed by \u226550% of providers included resistance, HBV coinfection, eGFR, PWH views, VL, mental health, and weight [Figure 1]; only 22% felt CD4 count was relevant in decisions to switch.Over 89% of providers reported B/F/TAF or DTG/3TC switch discussions were related to development/anticipation of new symptoms or comorbidities. All providers had patient-initiated switch discussions motivated by individual concerns, advertisements, or social influences [Table 1].In differential choice analysis, PWH were more likely to be prescribed B/F/TAF if they were viremic, had HBV co-infection, inconsistent clinic attendance, non-adherence, or substance use; providers were more likely to prescribe DTG/3TC when there were concerns about weight or eGFR < 30 [Table 2].This mixed methods approach highlights discordance between beliefs and evidence in clinical decision making. CD4 count was not a consideration for \u226575% of providers in interviews, although CD4 < 200 cells/\u03bcL was significantly associated with prescribing B/F/TAF in EMR analysis. Provider beliefs surrounding B/F/TAF and DTG/3TC suggested general preferences for B/F/TAF for a broader population, including those with possible adherence challenges, substance use, or resistance, while DTG/3TC was preferred when weight gain or eGFR was a concern.Rick A. Elion, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Proteus: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Megan Dunbar, PhD, Gilead: Employment Joshua Gruber, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Grace A. McComsey, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Peter Shalit, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support Janna Radtchenko, MBA, Trio Health: Employee"}
{"text": "Fixed dose combination (FDC) dolutegravir (DTG) plus rilpivirine (RPV) is an approved antiretroviral treatment regimen for people with HIV. The steady-state PK of FDC DTG+RPV in those requiring hemodialysis (HD) has not been previously studied.We performed a single-center, prospective evaluation of the steady-state PK of FDC DTG (50mg)+RPV(25mg) in HIV-negative adults either requiring HD  or with normal renal function, defined as CrCl \u2265 75mL/min . All participants received DTG+RPV daily for 10-14 days with food before undergoing an intensive 24-hour PK evaluation . Plasma drug and metabolite concentrations were measured using a validated LC/MS/MS assay method (QTRAP 6500+LC-MS/MS system) with turboelectrospray source operating in both positive (confirmation) and negative (quantification) modes. We did not evaluate dialysis extraction of DTG+RPV. Descriptive PK parameters were calculated.2). The Table shows the PK parameters assessed in the study population for circulating plasma DTG, DTG-glucuronide (DTG\u2019s primary metabolite), and RPV.No participant experienced serious or grade 3-4 adverse events; there were no study discontinuations. The 4 HD and 2 normal renal function participants were of similar ages  and BMI  and RPV (12ng/mL). These data suggest no dosing modifications are needed for the FDC DTG+RPV regimen in HD.In this study, HD did not lead to clinically appreciable differential exposures to DTG and RPV; the markedly increased exposure to DTG-glucoranide (which is considered inert) in HD suggests increased UGT1A1 activation. All participants maintained exposures throughout the dosing interval greater than the reported ICSamir K. Gupta, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Allon Friedman, MD, Eli Lilly: Advisor/Consultant|Eli Lilly: Stocks/Bonds|GI Dynamics: Advisor/Consultant|Gila Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Following the May 2019 approval of recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) in China, there was a need for real-world information on the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of RZV in a Chinese population. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) to estimate the VE of two doses of RZV in preventing herpes zoster (HZ) and chart-confirmed post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) in Chinese adults.The study cohort consisted of Chinese KPSC members aged \u226550 years who received two doses of RZV 4 weeks to \u22646 months apart; second doses were accrued from 6/1/2018 to 12/31/2020. Chinese individuals were identified based on self-reported ethnicity or self-reported spoken/written language . RZV unvaccinated Chinese individuals were matched 4:1 to their vaccinated counterparts by age and sex, with follow-up through June 2022. The index date for vaccinated individuals was the date of the second dose; unvaccinated individuals had the same index date as their vaccinated match. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing outcomes (HZ and PHN) in the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Adjusted VE (%) was calculated as (1\u2212aHR) \u00d7 100.3978 RZV vaccinated Chinese individuals were matched to 15,912 RZV unvaccinated Chinese individuals. We identified 15 HZ cases in the vaccinated group and 344 in the unvaccinated group, with incidence rates per 1000 person-years (95% CI) of 1.5 (0.9\u20132.5) and 10.9 (9.8\u201312.1), respectively. There were 0 PHN cases in the vaccinated group and 19 in the unvaccinated group. The models were adjusted for heart disease, immunocompromised status, number of outpatient/virtual visits, history of zoster vaccine live vaccination, and length of continuous membership. Adjusted VE (95% CI) was 87.6% (78.9\u201392.7) against HZ; VE against PHN could not be estimated due to a lack of PHN cases. A sensitivity analysis excluding 30 days after index date from follow-up yielded similar results.Among Chinese adults aged \u226550 years, two doses of RZV provided substantial protection against HZ and PHN, supporting the real-world VE in this population.Ana Florea, PhD MPH, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Lina S. Sy, MPH, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Lei Qian, PhD, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Bradley Ackerson, MD, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Yi Luo, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Jennifer H. Ku, PhD MPH, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Leticia I. Vega Daily, MSW, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support Jeannie Song, MPH, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Elizabeth Chmielewski-Yee, PhD, MPH, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds OMareen Spence, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Harry Seifert, MD. MSCE, FISPE, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Driss Oraichi, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Hung Fu Tseng, PhD MPH, GSK: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Achromobacter and Burkholderia species are opportunistic pathogens in individuals with an immunodeficiency, most notably cystic fibrosis. Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a siderophore-conjugated cephalosporin with broad activity against Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, the activity of CFDC and comparator agents was determined against isolates of Achromobacter and Burkholderia cepacia species complex, collected in 2020\u20132022 in Europe and the USA as part of the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program.Activity of cefiderocol and comparator agents against Achromobacter and Burkholderia IsolatesAchromobacter and 160 Burkholderia cepacia species complex isolates, using broth microdilution with cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) for comparator agents and iron-depleted CAMHB for CFDC. Comparator agents included \u03b2-lactam/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftolozane-tazobactam, imipenem-relebactam, meropenem-vaborbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, as well as meropenem, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, amikacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and minocycline. Susceptibility was assessed for agents with CLSI breakpoints. For agents without established CLSI breakpoints, only MIC50, MIC90 and MIC ranges were reported.Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined according to CLSI guidelines against 167 Achromobacter, showing MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.03 and 0.25 \u00b5g/mL and all isolates were inhibited at \u22644 \u00b5g/mL (Table). Isolates from cystic fibrosis patients (n=15) showed higher MIC50 and MIC90 values for most agents, but CFDC MIC50 and MIC90 values remained low . Against Burkholderia cepacia species complex, CFDC was the most potent agent tested, with MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.06 and 0.5 \u00b5g/mL, and 156 out of 160 isolates inhibited at \u22644 \u00b5g/mL. None of the comparator agents showed >90% susceptibility against these isolates (Table).CFDC was the most potent agent tested against Achromobacter and Burkholderia cepacia species complex isolates. These in vitro data suggest that CFDC could be an important treatment option for infections caused by these opportunistic pathogens.CFDC showed potent activity against a set of contemporary clinical Boudewijn L. DeJonge, PhD, Shionogi Inc.: Employee Sean T. Nguyen, PharmD, Shionogi: Employee|Shionogi, Inc: Employee Jason J. Bryowsky, PharmD, MS, Shionogi Inc.: Employee Christopher M. Longshaw, PhD, Shionogi BV: Employee Joshua Maher, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Affinity Biosensors: Grant/Research Support|AimMax Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Alterity Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Amicrobe, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Arietis Pharma: Grant/Research Support|Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Astrellas Pharma, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica AG: Grant/Research Support|Becton Dickinson And Company: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Boost Biomes: Grant/Research Support|Diamond V: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics plc: Grant/Research Support|Johnson & Johnson: Grant/Research Support|Kaleido Biosciences, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co. Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|National Institutes of Health: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Roche Holding AG: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Summmit Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Zoetis Inc: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Miki Takemura, n/a, Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Stocks/Bonds Yoshinori Yamano, PhD, Shionogi HQ: Employee"}
{"text": "Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) induced by authorized SARS-CoV-2 vaccines wane within months, requiring frequent boosters. Preliminary safety and immunogenicity of a samRNA-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate (GRT-R910) administered as a booster following AZD1222 primary series in older (\u2265 60 years) adults  were previously reported. Updated results of GRT-R910 administered as a 2-dose booster in older (\u2265 60 years) adults who received a primary series of either AZD1222 or mRNA vaccines (Cohorts 3 (C3) & 4 (C4)) are now reported.GRT-R910 encodes Wuhan Spike (S) and highly conserved non-S T cell epitopes, is being tested in this open-label phase I study, conducted in the UK. Two booster doses of 10\u00b5g GRT-R910 are assessed in older adults who have received (C3) or mRNA vaccines (C4) as primary series. Nine participants (C3) received an mRNA booster prior to enrollment. The primary objective is safety and secondary objectives include assessment of titers and durability of S-specific IgG (bAbs) and nAb responses of GRT-R910 boost vaccinations as well as T cell responses to S and non-S epitopes.nd booster compared to the 1st booster across all cohorts. All participants showed bAbs IgG > 500 ELU/mL and nAbs against to the vaccine-specific strain and nAbs > 500 ND50 at 6 months following GRT-R910 vaccination, regardless of age, primary vaccination series, or additional prior mRNA booster. T cell responses to S were boosted and maintained up to at least Day 57; analyses of non-S T cell responses are ongoing.Ten participants were enrolled in each cohort (C3 and C4). The majority of reactogenicity events were mild or moderate and transient in nature. Three subjects reported grade 3 solicited adverse events which resolved within 1-4 days. Local and systemic reactogenicities were milder with the 2nd booster was less reactogenic than the 1st and less reactogenicity was observed in the older population. High and sustainable antibody responses were observed for at least 6 months against Wuhan Spike across different age groups. Data on other variants will also be presented.GRT-R910 was well tolerated as a booster in older adults regardless of primary SARS-CoV-2 vaccination series. The 2Alison Uriel, MBBS, North Manchester General Hospital, UK. - Manchester (United Kingdom): Employee Pedro Garbes, MD, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds A. Nagare, MBBS, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds JC Kuan, PhD, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Christine Palmer, PhD, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds K. Bae, PhD, Gritstone bio: Stocks/Bonds Karin Jooss, PhD, Gritstone bio: employee|Gritstone bio: Stocks/Bonds A. Rappaport, PhD, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Melissa Kachura, BS, Dynavax Technologies: WO2019040491A1|Dynavax Technologies: Stocks/Bonds|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds L. Kraemer, PhD, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Harshni Venkatraman, MS, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Jason Jaroslavsky, MS, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Sonia Kounlavouth, BS, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds M. Marrali, PhD, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Meghan Hart, ALM, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds J. Betular, PhD, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds A. Allen, MBBS, PhD, Gritstone bio, Inc.: Employee|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Ownership Interest|Gritstone bio, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds C. Green, MBBS, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust - Birmingham (United Kingdom): Employee O. Osanlou, MBBS, North Wales Clinical Research Facility - North Wales (United Kingdom) and Bangor University \u2013 North Wales (United Kingdom): Employee Adrian Palfreeman, MBBS, University Hospital of Leicester NHS Trust. - Leicester (United Kingdom): Employee Tolga Turgut, MBBS, North Manchester General Hospital, UK. - Manchester (United Kingdom): Employee Andrew Ustianowski, MD, PhD, Gilead: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisory Board|GSK: Honoraria|Janssen: Honoraria|Merck: Honoraria|Merck: Advisory Board|Sanofi: Honoraria|ViiV Healthcare/GSK: Advisory Board"}
{"text": "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations. We aimed to describe the epidemiology and burden of RSV-associated hospitalizations among children in Canadian pediatric centers from 2017 to 2022, including changes during the COVID-19 pandemic.We performed active surveillance for hospitalized children 0 to 16 years of age with laboratory confirmed RSV at 13 Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active (IMPACT) pediatric hospitals during 5 seasons (2017-18 to 2021-22). Proportions of RSV hospitalizations over all-cause hospitalizations over time, and intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, prolonged admissions (\u2265 7-days) and mortality proportions were calculated, overall and by age groups and regions. RSV hospitalization-associated burden was compared for 2021-22 to the pre-pandemic period of 2017-18 to 2019-20. Seasonality was described using epidemic curves.Among 11,014 RSV-associated hospitalizations 6,035 (54.8%) were male and 5,488 (50%) were aged < 6 months. Overall, 2,594 (23.6%) were admitted to ICU, of which 60.8% were aged < 6 months old. The median hospital stay was 4 days (interquartile range: 2-6). The mean number of hospitalizations during the pre-pandemic seasons was 2,522. Only 58 cases were reported in 2020-21, followed by 3,170 in 2021-22. The proportion of RSV hospitalizations over all-cause hospitalizations rose from 3.2% pre-pandemic to 4.5% in 2021-22 . One province, Quebec, had a significant increase in RSV-hospitalization proportion in 2021-22 . Age, sex, ICU admission, prolonged length of stay(\u22657-days) and mortality proportions did not change in 2021-22 compared to the pre-pandemic period. Interregional differences in RSV seasonality were accentuated in 2021-22.Weekly RSV-associated hospital admissions in children aged 0 to 16 years at IMPACT centers, 2017-2022, by seasonMonthly RSV-associated hospital admissions in children aged 0 to 16 years at IMPACT centers, 2017-2022, by provinceRSV hospitalization burden in Canadian pediatric hospitals is substantial, especially in infants aged < 6 months. Following a near absence in 2020-21, RSV hospitalizations increased in the 2021-22 season, but severity of illness remained similar to the pre-pandemic period. These data will aid planning of RSV prevention strategies.Nirma K. Vadlamudi, MPH, PhD, Broadstreet HEOR: Personal fees outside of the submitted work Scott Halperin, MD, CanSino: Grant/Research Support|CanSino: served on ad hoc advisory board|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: served on ad hoc advisory board|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: served on ad hoc advisory board|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: served on ad hoc advisory board|Pfizer,: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer,: served on ad hoc advisory board|Sanofi-Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi-Pasteur: served on ad hoc advisory board|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: served on ad hoc advisory board|VBI Vaccines: Grant/Research Support|VBI Vaccines: served on ad hoc advisory board Joanne M. Langley, MD, CanSino: Grant/Research Support|Entos: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi-Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support|Symvivo: Grant/Research Support|VBI Vaccines: Grant/Research Support Shaun Morris, MD, MPH, DTM&H, FRCPC, FAAP, GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria|JNJ China: Honoraria|Merck: served on ad hoc advisory board|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: served on ad-hoc advisory board|Sanofi-Pasteur: served on ad-hoc advisory board Jeffrey Pernica, MD, MSc, FRCPC, DTMH, MedImmune: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support Manish Sadarangani, BM BCh, FRCPC, DPhil, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support|Symvivo: Grant/Research Support|VBI Vaccines: Grant/Research Support Jesse Papenburg, MD, AstraZeneca: Personal fees outside of the submitted work|MedImmune: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Personal fees outside of the submitted work"}
{"text": "The most common organisms causing surgical site infection (SSI) are frequently found as part of the skin microbiota. Decolonization of the skin prior to a surgical procedure has been shown to be effective in reduction of SSI. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the organism profile of the skin and evaluate the effect of the application of an antiseptic solution on the skin microbiome.A total of 50 volunteers were recruited into this study. After randomization, one arm was treated with a pre-saturated wipe containing a benzalkonium chloride (BZK)-based antiseptic solution and the contralateral arm was wiped with a PBS-based pre-saturated wipe. Swab samples of each extremity were taken at baseline (prior to application of the agents) and at 4 different timepoints after application . Skin was protected between 5 min and 2 h after application with a sterile wrap to prevent environmental contamination between sampling. Microbiological analysis consisted of standard culture and Next-generation sequencing.Study designFifty volunteers were recruited for this double-blinded clinical trial. Randomization was performed to determine which arm will take the benzalkonium chloride (BZK) testing solution. We assessed bioburden and microbial diversity at 4 different timepoints after application .10 1.314 \u00b1 0.086 and log10 1.308 \u00b1 0.104, respectively; p< 0.01), compared to PBS. By 24 hours, the reduction in bacterial load was also higher in the BZK treated arm . The top species affected by the treatment were C. acnes, S. cohnii, E. cloacae, L. crispatus, among others. The relative abundance of all Staphylococcus species was significantly decreased after the application of BZK, from 34.50% to 20.48%, at the 2-hour timepoint (p< 0.01).The baseline skin bioburden varied greatly among individuals ; however, baseline bioburden within subjects did not differ between the arms (p=0.61). A higher effect of bioburden reduction was observed at 5 minutes and 2 hours after application of BZK .Bacterial composition.A) Relative abundance of the most prevalent bacterial genus and B) heatmap illustrating the mean relative abundance of bacteria detected to be differentially abundant by ANCOMBC procedure. A cell colored in black can be considered \u201ctrue\u201d zero, whereas there were no detections of a particular bacteria for that given cell.CFU log10 reduction, from baseline bioburden, at different timepoints after application of the testing solutions (BZK or PBS). Data is expressed as mean \u00b1 SEM.There was a wide difference in the skin microbiome between individuals but the organism profile was very similar in two arms of a given individual. Application of the BZK-based antiseptic solution led to a substantial reduction of the skin flora for up to 24 hours after application but the organism profile returned towards baseline rapidly. It appears that antiseptic solutions applied to skin are capable of transiently and markedly reduce the bioburden of skinJavad Parvizi, MD, FRCS, 3M: Grant/Research Support|Acumed, LLC: Stocks/Bonds|Aesculap: Grant/Research Support|Alphaeon: Stocks/Bonds|AO Spine: Stocks/Bonds|Becton Dickenson: Advisor/Consultant|Biomet: Grant/Research Support|Cardinal Health: Advisor/Consultant|Cempra: Grant/Research Support|CeramTec: Grant/Research Support|Ceribell: Stocks/Bonds|Coracoid: Stocks/Bonds|Corentec: Advisor/Consultant|Datatrace: Grant/Research Support|DePuy: Grant/Research Support|Elsevier: Grant/Research Support|Elute: Stocks/Bonds|Ethicon: Advisor/Consultant|Hip Innovation Technology: Stocks/Bonds|Illuminus: Stocks/Bonds|Integra: Grant/Research Support|Intellijoint: Stocks/Bonds|Jaypee Publishers: Grant/Research Support|KCI / 3M (Acelity): Advisor/Consultant|Lima: Grant/Research Support|MicroGenDx: Advisor/Consultant|Molecular Surface Technologies: Stocks/Bonds|Myoscience: Grant/Research Support|Nanooxygenic: Stocks/Bonds|National Institutes of Health (NIAMS & NICHD): Grant/Research Support|NDRI: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Grant/Research Support|OREF: Grant/Research Support|Orthospace: Grant/Research Support|Osteal: Stocks/Bonds|Parvizi Surgical Innovations and Subsidiaries: Stocks/Bonds|Peptilogic: Stocks/Bonds|Peptilogics: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|PRN-Veterinary: Grant/Research Support|Rotation Medical: Grant/Research Support|Simplify Medical: Grant/Research Support|SLACK Incorporated: Grant/Research Support|Smith & Nephew: Grant/Research Support|Sonata: Stocks/Bonds|Stelkast: Grant/Research Support|Stryker: Grant/Research Support|Synthes: Grant/Research Support|Tenor: Advisor/Consultant|TissueGene: Grant/Research Support|Tornier: Grant/Research Support|Wolters Kluwer Health - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Grant/Research Support|Zimmer Biomet: Advisor/Consultant|Zimmer Biomet: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Experimental & Molecular Medicine 10.1038/s12276-022-00865-2, published online 12 October 2022Correction to: After online publication of this article, the authors noticed an error in the Authors contributed section:\u201cThese authors jointly supervised this work: Yiyang Xu, Guping Mao, Dianbo Long\u201d.The correct statement of this article should have read as below.\u201cThese authors contributed equally: Yiyang Xu, Guping Mao, Dianbo Long\u201d.The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused.The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a debilitating complication of herpes zoster (HZ). PHN diagnosis codes tend to be inaccurate or incomplete. The criterion standard for identifying PHN in electronic health records (EHR) is manual chart review, which can be costly and time-consuming. We developed and validated a method to automatically identify PHN from free-text EHR data using natural language processing (NLP).This study utilized EHR data of patients aged \u226550 years who had an incident HZ diagnosis and associated antiviral prescription between 2018-2022 at Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Among patients with \u22651 encounter during the 90-180 days after the incident HZ diagnosis, PHN was defined as pain/discomfort consistent with the HZ episode between 90-180 days after the initial HZ diagnosis; the symptoms were at the location of the initial HZ rash and were not due to other obvious causes. Trained research associates and an infectious disease physician manually reviewed and identified PHN cases from EHR. From these reviewed HZ cases, we randomly selected 500 and 800 cases for NLP development and validation, respectively. We developed and validated an NLP algorithm to identify PHN based on our case definition. Using chart-reviewed results as the criterion standard, the accuracy of NLP-based results was compared with that of diagnosis code-based results .Compared to the criterion standard, the NLP algorithm achieved 100% sensitivity (code-based 64.8%), 99.9% specificity (code-based 97.0%), 98.6% positive predictive value (code-based 67.7%), and 100% negative predictive value (code-based 96.6%) in identifying PHN cases. In the validation data, the prevalence of PHN was 8.9% based on manual chart review. Although the prevalence of PHN identified by the two methods was similar , the code-based method misclassified more than one-third of chart-confirmed PHN cases.Accuracy measurements of NLP and diagnosis codes in identifying PHN, as compared with chart-confirmed validation data.We developed and validated an automated method to identify PHN cases using the clinical text from EHR of HZ patients with high accuracy. This method can be a valuable tool to facilitate population-based studies of PHN.Bradley Ackerson, MD, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Leticia I. Vega Daily, MSW, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support Jeannie Song, MPH, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Lina S. Sy, MPH, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Lei Qian, PhD, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Yi Luo, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Ana Florea, PhD MPH, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Jennifer H. Ku, PhD MPH, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Hung Fu Tseng, PhD MPH, GSK: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Correction: World J Surg Oncol 21, 55 (2023)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-023-02893-2Following publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect author names are:Li He, Wang Junzhu, Li Liwei, Zhao Luyang and Wang ZhiqiThe correct author names are:He Li, Junzhu Wang, Liwei Li, Luyang Zhao and Zhiqi WangThe author group has been updated above and the original article  has beenExample"}
{"text": "Cryptosporidium is a parasitic protozoan that causes severe and potentially life-threatening diarrheal disease in immunocompromised patients. Infections can be asymptomatic, cause self-limited disease, or chronic diarrhea and in some cases result in biliary and pulmonary diseaseWe performed a detailed retrospective analysis of patients that presented with diarrheal illness, and Cryptosporidium infection diagnosed by GI multiplex (Biofire) at UT MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 2017 and March 2023.We identified 51 patients aged 24 to 89 years with cryptosporidiosis. Hematological malignancies (HM) were present in 44% of patients, while non-hematological malignancies (NHM) in 55%. Thirty-seven percent of patients had received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), 8% chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, 18% immunosuppressive therapy, and 65% received chemotherapy in the last 90 days. Two patients had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All patients presented with diarrhea, 39% with nausea, 43% with abdominal pain, and 51% had fever. The median duration of symptoms was 3 days. About 41% were severely neutropenic, and 61% had severe lymphopenia. Computed tomography (CT) abdomen was normal in 43% of patients, 16% had colitis, 12% had enteritis, and 4% had enterocolitis. All patients were treated with Nitazoxanide, with a median duration of therapy (DOT) of 14 days. The DOT was longer in HM than in NHM  and in HSCT/CAR-T patients than without HSCT/CAR-T . About 18% of patients had co-infections with other enteropathogens. Death from other causes occurred in 13 of 51 (23%) of patients. All cause mortality between HM and NHM (p=0.207), HSCT/CAR-T and non-HSCT/CAR-T (p=0.52), or chemotherapy vs. without chemotherapy (p=0.34) was similar. Most infections were encountered in the month of October.We observed a limited response to nitazoxanide at our center, contributing factors and confounders included co-infections with other pathogens, active chemotherapy, or HSCT/CAR-T induced intestinal epithelium injury. Controlled, double blinded studies with new agents are needed to determine the optimal management of cryptosporidiosis in this population.Pablo C. Okhuysen, M.D., FACP, FIDSA, Astra Zeneca: Stocks/Bonds|Beam Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds|Biontech: Stocks/Bonds|Deinove Pharmaceutucals: Grant/Research Support|Ferring: Advisor/Consultant|GSK PLC: Stocks/Bonds|Haleon: Stocks/Bonds|Johnson and Johnson: Stocks/Bonds|Melinta Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Merk Sharp and Dohme: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds|Napo Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Napo Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|SNIPR Biome: Advisor/Consultant|Summit Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Ceftobiprole medocaril is being developed for the treatment of patients with ABSSSI and CABP. PK-PD target attainment analyses were performed to support the dosing regimens selected for these indications.Ceftobiprole medocaril is an intravenously (IV) administered cephalosporin that is rapidly converted in vitro surveillance data, percent probabilities of PK-PD target attainment were evaluated among simulated patients with ABSSSI and CABP resembling each clinical trial population. Dosing regimens were adjusted by CLcr group to match exposures among simulated patients with normal renal function administered ceftobiprole 500 mg IV every 8 hours. Randomly assigned ceftobiprole free-drug plasma %T > MIC (%fT >MIC) targets associated with net bacterial stasis and 1- and/or 2-log10 CFU reductions from baseline for S. aureus (SA), Streptococcus species, and Enterobacterales (ENT) based on data from a neutropenic murine-thigh infection model were assessed.Using a population PK model developed for ceftobiprole, PK-PD targets for efficacy, and Table 1. For ABSSSI, the highest MIC values at which percent probabilities of PK-PD target attainment were \u2265 90% based on randomly assigned %fT > MIC targets associated with net bacterial stasis were \u2265 4 \u00b5g/mL for SA and Streptococcus species (inhibiting 100% of isolates) and \u2265 2 \u00b5g/mL for ENT (inhibiting 86.5% of isolates) (Table 2). For CABP, the highest MIC values at which percent probabilities of PK-PD target attainment were \u2265 90% based on %fT >MIC targets associated with a 1-log10 CFU reduction from baseline were \u2265 4 \u00b5g/mL for S. pneumoniae (inhibiting 100% of isolates) and SA and \u2265 2 \u00b5g/mL for ENT (Table 3). Using the same PK-PD target endpoints for each indication, overall percent probabilities of PK-PD target attainment  were > 99.9% for SA and Streptococcus species or S. pneumoniae and \u2265 98.7% for non-ESBL-producing ENT subsets.Selected ceftobiprole dosing regimens by CLcr group are shown in These data provided support for a dosing regimen of ceftobiprole 500 mg IV every 8 hours for patients with ABSSSI or CABP. Dosing regimens should be adjusted for moderate and severe renal impairment including patients with ESRD.Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Jeffrey P. Hammel, MS, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Anthony J. Rinaldo, B.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Jennifer Smart, PhD, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds Karine Litherland, Ph.D., Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Full time employee|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds Leonard R. Duncan, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mark E. Jones, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Marc Engelhardt, MD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Paul G. Ambrose, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Christopher M. Rubino, PharmD, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Staphylococcal aureus (MRSA) is reported to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid services through the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), yet few studies have described HOB-MRSA epidemiology. Thus, we report HOB-MRSA epidemiology from 2020-2022 at our multi-hospital health system to inform quality improvement initiatives.Hospital-onset bacteremia (HOB) is a quality metric proposed by CDC. HOB caused by methicillin-resistant We used data submitted to the NHSN to prospectively identify HOB-MRSA LabID cases and collected demographic and clinical characteristics from patients\u2019 electronic medical records. Hospital epidemiologists at each of the 9 hospitals adjudicated suspected sources of HOB-MRSA. Annual standardized infection ratios (SIRs) were calculated. Characteristics of HOB-MRSA episodes were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Relevant institutional review boards deemed this study exempt from Human Subjects Research.From 2020-2022, 174 (0.029%) HOB-MRSA episodes occurred among 573,433 hospitalizations. Table 1 provides the characteristics of patients with HOB-MRSA and Table 2 provides the SIRS and suspected sources of HOB-MRSA. Overall, 43% of patients were in an ICU, 44% had a central line (CL), and 30% were on a ventilator. The SIR was lowest in 2022. Respiratory sources (non-ventilator and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)) were the most common and declined over time (p=0.002). Suspected sources of HOB-MRSA were unknown for 11% of episodes.We found that episodes of HOB-MRSA were attributed to multiple primary sources of infection. Thus, bundle strategies for VAP and CL-associated bloodstream infections, while crucial, are insufficient to reduce all HOB-MRSA. In addition, prevention strategies for patients with skin and soft tissue infections are needed. Our findings highlight the importance of adherence to all device and procedure-related bundles, hand hygiene, cleaning/disinfection, and MRSA decolonization when appropriate. Elucidating the epidemiology of primary infection sources can further tailor prevention strategies for HOB.Sorana Segal-Maurer, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Honoraria|Theratechnologies: Advisor/Consultant|Theratechnologies: Honoraria|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Honoraria Nishant Prasad, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Grant/Research Support Lisa Saiman, MD MPH, Merck & Co., Inc,: Grant/Research Support|Merck & Co., Inc,: Member, DSMB|Pfizer, Inc: Member, DSMB"}
{"text": "Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is commonly overdiagnosed & a primary driver of antibiotic overuse within intensive care units (ICUs). Antimicrobial stewardship programs have successfully leveraged diagnostic stewardship interventions (DSIs) to prevent overdiagnosis/overtreatment of diverse clinical syndromes, yet this approach has not been extended to VAP. In this trial, we aimed to evaluate the safety, feasibility & efficacy of a novel DSI care bundle (DSI-CB) targeting VAP.The DIVA trial (NCT05176353) was a pilot/feasibility trial conducted in 2 ICUs at Michigan Medicine from February 2022-February 2023. A DSI-CB targeting the respiratory culture testing pathway was implemented sequentially in study ICUs, using an interruptive electronic health record clinical decision support tool & modifications to microbiology laboratory workflows (Table 1). Providers were counseled on DSI-CB use during bimonthly educational sessions during trial rollout & via monthly email reminders thereafter. Rates of prespecified co-primary safety and secondary efficacy outcomes were compared between the postintervention study cohort & 5-year preintervention historical controls using negative binomial regression. Interrupted time series analysis was used to evaluate ICU antibiotic utilization rates (ICU-AURs) to account for temporal trends.1810 patients were admitted to study ICUs following DSI-CB implementation, 29% of whom were eligible for DSI-CB use. DSI-CB was utilized in 77% of eligible patients. Patient demographics, comorbidities & measures of acute severity of illness were similar pre- & post-intervention. DSI-CB implementation was not associated with increases in primary adverse safety outcomes (Table 2). DSI-CB implementation was associated with significant reductions in rates of total respiratory cultures ordered, rates of positive respiratory cultures & reductions in both total & broad-spectrum ICU-AURs .Implementation of a novel VAP DSI-CB was safe, feasible & associated with significant reductions in rates of respiratory culture positivity and ICU-AURs. This represents the first trial of a DSI targeting VAP & a novel avenue for ICU antimicrobial stewardship. Large-scale trials are warranted.Owen Albin, MD, Biomeriux: Grant/Research Support|Charles River Laboratories: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant Weirauch J. Andrew, RRT, Drager Medical: Equipment loaned for research purposes, but no monetary funds were provided.|Jones and Bartlett Learning: Honoraria Krishna Rao, MD, MS, Merck & Co.: Grant/Research Support|Rebiotix: Advisor/Consultant|Seres Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Summit Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant Keith S. Kaye, MD, MPH, Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Honoraria|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Honoraria|VenatoRx: Advisor/Consultant|VenatoRx: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Prevention of severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease in people at high risk for severe RSV infection  is a significant unmet medical need. Data are sparse on the natural history  of the infection in patients initially managed in the outpatient setting. To address this gap, the natural history of RSV infection in outpatient adults was examined in a real-world electronic health record (EHR) data source with daily data updates, enabling analysis of the current season.In US-based Truveta EHR database, adults with a positive RSV laboratory test result  in the outpatient setting (emergency department (ED), office/clinic, or urgent care) were identified and excluded if immediately hospitalized (within 24 hours of index). To accurately capture preexisting comorbidities, patients were required to have at least one healthcare encounter in the 6 months prior to index. Analyses were stratified by time: pre-COVID-19 (2017-2019), COVID-19 (2020-2021), and current season (2022-January 2023) and restricted to health systems participating for the entire study period. Occurrences of all-cause hospitalization, ED visits, and pneumonia were assessed during 28 days of follow-up (index not included), stratified by risk factors .Among the 6 health systems, 5,807 adults were identified from 2017-2023. Mean ages (standard deviation) were as follows: 52 (20) years (2017-2019); 52 (20) years (2020-2021); 62 (18) years (2022-January 2023). Hospitalization proportions ranged from 7.2-13.2% for all older adults (\u226565 years) and were approximately 50% lower when restricting to older adults without other risk factors (Table 1). Expanding to adults 18+ years with risk factors brought hospitalization proportions to 5.7-10.4% (Table 1).The proportion of high risk adults hospitalized ranged from 3.3-13.2%, with substantial variation by period. Future analyses will include expansion of the study period to include the entire 2022-2023 season and validation in other EHRs in the US.Diana Garofalo, PhD MPH, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Joshua T. Swan, PharmD, MPH, BCPS, FCCM, CareDx: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|Grifols Share Services North America: Grant/Research Support|Heron Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Kedrion Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|Kedrion Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Pacira Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|VigiLanz Corporation: Grant/Research Support Margaret Tawadrous, MD, MS, Pfizer: Full time employee|Pfizer: Full-time employee|Pfizer: Full-time employee|Pfizer: Full -time employee|Pfizer: Ownership Interest|Pfizer: Ownership Interest|Pfizer: Ownership Interest|Pfizer: Ownership Interest|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Glenn Pixton, MS, Abbott: Stocks/Bonds|Abbvie: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Viatris: Stocks/Bonds Stephen E. Schachterle, Pfizer Inc., Pfizer Inc.: Full time employee|Pfizer Inc.: Ownership Interest|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Suzanne Landi, PhD, Pfizer, Inc: Employment|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Sudeepta Aggarwal, Ph.D, Pfizer: Employee of and may hold stock/stock options in Anindita Banerjee, Phd, Pfizer: Employee and stockholder Niki Alami, MD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Scott P. Kelly, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "SARS-CoV-2 has changed and mutated over time. It is important to evaluate changes in clinical presentation and outcomes based on the emerging variants. In this study, we aimed to compare differences in symptoms and outcomes among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 by variant.From May 2021 to August 2022, we enrolled adults \u2265 18 years of age hospitalized with acute respiratory infection (ARI) at two Emory University hospitals. Demographic and clinical information were obtained from participant interviews and medical chart abstractions. Enrolled patients provided nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and standard-of-care specimens. Samples which tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by molecular testing were subjected to SARS-CoV-2 targeted spike SNP PCR and viral genome sequencing to determine a variant. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS version 9.4. Bivariable analyses were conducted to compare characteristics and identify independent characteristics associated with each variant.Of 1677 ARI enrolled participants, 850 tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, of whom 592 had a variant identified by either SNP PCR or full genome sequencing. The distribution of variants among these cases were as follows: 39 Alpha (6.6%), 2 Beta (0.3%), 307 Delta (51.9%), 9 Gamma (1.5%), 5 Mu (0.8%), and 230 Omicron (38.9%). When analysis was limited to participants with Alpha, Delta, or Omicron, those with Omicron were significantly older, white, female, and had underlying comorbidities. Compared to participants with Alpha and Delta, those with Omicron more often had sore throat and abdominal pain, but less often had fever, diarrhea, anosmia, ageusia, or shortness of breath. Also, those with Omicron were more often partially or fully vaccinated, with the majority of Omicron infections occurring after vaccination (Table 1). Most clinical outcomes were better among those with Omicron infections, while participants with Delta had the highest proportion of radiographic pneumonia, mechanical ventilation, and death (Table 1).SARS-CoV-2 variants were associated with distinct clinical characteristics and outcomes, and the Delta variant was associated with the highest frequency of pneumonia, mechanical ventilation, and death.Laura A. Puzniak, PhD. MPH, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Timothy L. Wiemken, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Srinivas Valluri, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Pfizer Employee and hold Pfizer stocks/options|Pfizer Inc: Ownership Interest|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Benjamin Lopman, PhD, Epidemiological Research and Methods, LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Hillevax, Inc: Advisor/Consultant Satoshi Kamidani, MD, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Emergent BioSolutions: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc: Grant/Research Support Evan J. Anderson, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc.: Safety Monitoring Board|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Currently an employee|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Safety Monitoring Board|WCG/ACI Clinical: Data Adjudication Board Christina A. Rostad, MD, BioFire Inc.: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|MedImmune LLC: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: RSV vaccine technology|Merck & Co., Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Micron Technology, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|PaxVax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (CAAP) is considered a bacterial disease in most cases. However, multiple studies in young children have shown a high correlation of its incidence with the epidemiological activity of four respiratory viruses . This strongly suggests an important role for bacterial-viral coinfections. The current study examines the detection rate of PAV in radiologically-confirmed CAAP in young children.Hospitalization for CAAP episodes and viral detection were prospectively studied among all children under 5 years living in southern Israel (the Negev district); over 95% of these children are born and treated at the only medical center in the region. This prospective active surveillance was previously described . Viral activity was defined by all PAV-positive tests in children under 5 years in the community. Nasal samples of children with CAAP were obtained for virus detection by PCR within 48 hours from admission. Only episodes tested for all four PAVs were included. The monthly incidence of PAV-positive CAAP was calculated by extrapolating to all-CAAP episodes, in each month.Table). Overall, 59% of all episodes were positive for one or more PAVs, 64% of which were RSV (either as single or mixed detection). The surveillance of PAV activity in the community yielded 9,021 positive specimens for one or more PAVs. The dynamic patterns of both all-cause and PAV-positive CAAP hospitalizations from July 2016 through December 2022 closely resembled that of the PAV activity in the community, including the unusual pattern during the COVID-19 years 2020 through 2022 . The PAV-CAAP episodes were the main contributors of the CAAP seasonality .During the study period, 2,592 CAAP hospitalizations occurred. Specimens for all four PAVs were obtained in 1,851 (71.4%) CAAP episodes  (RSV, followed by hMPV, and to a lesser degree influenza and parainfluenza viruses, were the main viruses detected in children under 5 years hospitalized for CAAP. These four viruses were responsible for the seasonal pattern of CAAP hospitalizations.Ron Dagan, Professor MD, GSK: Honoraria|MedIMmune/AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Expert Testimony|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Sanofi Pasteur: Honoraria David Greenberg, Professor MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria Shalom Ben-Shimol, Dr. MD, GSK: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria Daniel M. Weinberger, PhD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Dana Danino, Dr. MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy protect both pregnant individuals and young infants from severe illness via transplacental transfer of maternally-derived IgG. However, the impact of multiple (e.g. twin) pregnancy on transplacental transfer of SARS-CoV-2 IgG is unknown. We aimed to evaluate anti-Spike (S) antibody transfer among infants from twin pregnancies compared to singleton pregnancies.th percentile) birthweight.We conducted a prospective cohort study among individuals with twin and singleton pregnancies who received at least 2 doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine prior to delivery. We tested paired maternal and cord samples for anti-S IgG and used linear regression to evaluate associations between multiple or singleton pregnancy and anti-S antibody. We included as covariates timing of last vaccine dose, gestational age at delivery, number of doses prior to delivery, and small for gestational age  and 2971 BAU/mL  for twin and singleton pregnancies, respectively. Median cord anti-S IgG was 4110 BAU/mL  and 3636 BAU/mL  for twin and singleton infants, respectively . Cord:maternal IgG ratios were significantly lower in twin pregnancies compared to singleton pregnancies . After adjustment for covariates, there was no difference between maternal anti-S IgG concentrations , cord anti-S IgG concentrations  or cord:maternal IgG ratios  between twin and singleton pregnancies.Twin and singleton infants benefit similarly from maternal COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy. Higher risk pregnancies including multiple pregnancies should be considered in health policy discussions regarding COVID-19 vaccine timing in pregnancy.Alisa B. Kachikis, MD, MSc, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mindy Pike, PhD, Merck: Grant/Research Support Alexander L. Greninger, MD, PhD, Cepheid: central contracts|Hologic: central contracts|Janssen: central contracts|Novavax: central contracts|Pfizer: central contracts Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infections, both methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant , cause significant morbidity among infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Colonization usually precedes infection. We studied the molecular epidemiology of SA colonization in NICU infants using whole genome sequencing (WGS) and in relation to the opening of a new NICU with single-family rooms.From 2019-22, a prospective cohort of infants admitted to the Level IV NICU at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN was screened twice weekly for SA colonization using cultures of nares/axilla/groin swabs. Infection control procedures were consistent throughout, including use of Contact Precautions for infants colonized with MRSA but not for MSSA. The study was divided into period 1 (1/1/2019-11/30/2020) and period 2 (12/1/2020-12/31/2022) due to a move from a 34-bed unit (26 beds in four open-bay rooms and 8 beds in single-family rooms) to a new 34-bed unit . WGS was performed using Illumina MiSeq instrumentation and chemistry with Illumina Nextera XT library chemistry. Assembly and core genome multilocus sequence typing analysis were performed with Ridom SeqSphere+ software. Groups of related isolates were identified based on the number of allelic differences . Groups of MRSA-related isolates were compared with reference USA genotypes. Chi square tests did not adjust for clustering.There were 663 admissions in period 1 and 730 in period 2. The prevalence of MSSA and MRSA colonization was unchanged in the two periods . By WGS, most MSSA and MRSA isolates were unrelated to another isolate in both periods (Table). Groups of related MSSA and MRSA isolates differed between the two periods and the number of isolates/group was small (< 6 isolates). Groups of related MRSA isolates were associated with reference genotypes USA100 (period 1), USA1000 (periods 1 & 2), and USA300 (period 2).WGS Results for MSSA and MRSA in Periods 1 and 2NICU infants were usually colonized with unrelated strains of MSSA and MRSA, with only small clusters of related strains. The new NICU was not associated with a change in MSSA or MRSA colonization.Priya Sampathkumar, MD, Merck Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant Robin Patel, MD, Abbott Laboratories: Advisor/Consultant|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Mayo Clinic has a royalty-bearing know-how agreement and equity in Adaptive Phage Therapeutics.|BIOFIRE: Grant/Research Support|CARB-X: Advisor/Consultant|ContraFect: Grant/Research Support|Day Zero Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Advisor/Consultant|Mammoth Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Netflix: Advisor/Consultant|Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Advisor/Consultant|PhAST: Advisor/Consultant|See details: Patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis PCR issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic|See details: continued, patent on an anti-biofilm substance issued|TenNor Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Torus Biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|Trellis Bioscience, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant W. Charles Huskins, MD, MSc, ADMA Biologics: Advisor/Consultant|Bristol Myers Squibb: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Zimmer Biomet: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Influenza virus infections are common in children and lead to numerous ED visits each year. The Infectious Diseases Society of America, American Academy of Pediatrics, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend outpatient antiviral treatment for children at increased risk of severe influenza illness  and recommend treatment within 48-hours of symptom onset. We describe antiviral prescription in children presenting to the ED with influenza from 2016-2020.We analyzed data from NVSN, a prospective seven-site acute respiratory illness surveillance study. We enrolled children presenting to the ED with confirmed influenza by research molecular testing, stratified by children at increased risk of severe influenza and with symptom onset \u2264 48-hours. We compared characteristics of children who were prescribed antivirals to those who were not. We used logistic regression to compare the odds of prescription, adjusting for age, gastrointestinal symptoms, symptom duration, underlying conditions, clinical testing before antiviral prescription, and site.Table). Odds of prescription were higher for those clinically tested for influenza and for those with underlying respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, and lower for those who were younger, presented with diarrhea, and had longer duration since symptom onset .Of the 16,822 children presenting in the ED and tested for influenza, 2,387 (14%) tested positive. Among influenza positive cases, 1,873 (79%) were defined as children at increased risk of severe influenza, and 571 (30%) were prescribed an antiviral. Additionally, there were 281 (12%) children with symptom onset \u2264 48-hours, and only 70 (25%) were prescribed an antiviral , FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: donation of kits|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: vaccine support"}
{"text": "Treatment options for mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infections (HSV) refractory or resistant (r/r) to acyclovir (ACV) are limited. High-dose ACV continuous infusion, foscarnet (FCN), cidofovir (CDV), and/or topical agents have been used. We report treatment patterns and outcomes of r/r HSV after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT).Ault HCT recipients with r/r HSV at MSKCC from 1/1/2013 through 7/31/2022 were analyzed. HSV was diagnosed by dermal PCR. Antiviral susceptibility was performed at ARUP laboratories  at clinicians\u2019 discretion. The 50% inhibitory concentration for ACV was 2 ug/mL and for FCN 100 ug/mL. Standard care prophylaxis was ACV 400mg orally twice daily. Refractory HSV was defined as mucocutaneous HSV and failure to improve clinically after at least 7 days of standard treatment doses ACV, famciclovir, or valacyclovir and required \u22657 days of ACV \u226530mg/kg over 24 hours, FCN or CDV \u22651 dose. Resistant HSV was defined as refractory plus phenotypic resistance to ACV or FCN.Fifteen patients met the criteria for r/r HSV  (Table 1). Virologic diagnosis for HSV occurred at a median of 74 days  post-HCT. Clinical definition for r/r HSV was a median of 86 days  of post-HCT. Twelve had confirmed ACV resistance. All with r/r HSV required hospitalization for parenteral antivirals. Twelve (80%) had resolution of lesions after a median of 35 days  of treatment and 3 (20%) had persistent lesions. Ten (67%) developed recurrence  after \u22652 weeks of oral maintenance therapy. Antiviral treatment is shown in Figure 1. Five (33.3%) experienced FCN-related side effects. One received Pritelivir (PTV) under an expanded access program due to persistent lesions despite being on FCN and topical CDV.One in 5 (20%) with r/r HSV failed to resolve with currently available therapies; 67% had a recurrence of r/r HSV after stopping treatment and 27% had nephrotoxicity due to FCN. One was treated successfully with PTV, an oral investigational antiviral without cross-resistance to ACV, FCN or CDV. Our data highlight the unmet need for effective, safe, and oral bioavailable antivirals for r/r HSV after HCT.Yeon Joo Lee, MD, MPH, AiCuris: institutional research support for clinical trials|Karius: institutional research support for clinical trials|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: institutional research support for clinical trials Miguel Perales, MD, Adicet: Honoraria|Allogene: Honoraria|Allogene: institutional research support for clinical trials|Allovir: Honoraria|Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria|Caribou Biosciences: Honoraria|Celgene: Honoraria|Cidara Therapeutics: Board Member|Equilium: Honoraria|Exevir: Honoraria|ImmPACT Bio: Honoraria|Incyte: Honoraria|Incyte: institutional research support for clinical trials|Karyopharm: Honoraria|Kite/Gilead: Honoraria|Kite/Gilead: institutional research support for clinical trials|Medigene: Board Member|Merck: Honoraria|Miltenyi Biotec: Honoraria|Miltenyi Biotec: institutional research support for clinical trials|MorphoSys: Honoraria|Nektar Therapeutics: Honoraria|Nektar Therapeutics: institutional research support for clinical trials|NexImmune: Board Member|NexImmune: Ownership Interest|Novartis: Honoraria|Novartis: institutional research support for clinical trials|Omeros: Honoraria|Omeros: Ownership Interest|OrcaBio: Honoraria|OrcaBio: Ownership Interest|Sellas Life Sciences: Board Member|Syncopation: Honoraria|VectivBio AG: Honoraria|Vor Biopharma: Honoraria Genovefa Papanicolaou, MD, Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Amplyx: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|CSL Behring: Advisor/Consultant|DSMC: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: institutional research support for clinical trials|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|Octapharma: Advisor/Consultant|Partners Rx: Advisor/Consultant|Shire/Takeda: institutional research support for clinical trials|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Vera Pharma: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Cephalexin (LEX), cefuroxime axetil (CXM), and cefpodoxime (CPD) are common oral cephalosporins used to treat gram-positive and gram-negative infections. However, there is a paucity of PK/PD analyses to inform optimal dosing regimens, which drug may be preferred for a particular organism, and the susceptibility testing interpretive criteria (STIC) that may apply to help clinicians in their selection.E. coli (EC) and 5 S. aureus (SA) clinical strains were used. MICs were determined by CLSI methods. Pharmacokinetics of LEX, CXM, and CPD were performed in mice at 10, 40, 160, and 320 mg/kg. Dose-ranging efficacy studies were performed against all strains (dose range 2.5-320 mg/kg/4h). Treatment outcome was determined by organism burden in the thighs (CFU) at the end of each experiment (24 h). The dose-response (D-R) data was analyzed using the Emax Hill equation. Data was fit to the PK/PD index time above MIC (T >MIC) for free drug concentrations. Static and cidal target exposures were calculated for each strain, and targets compared by One Way ANOVA.5 2 0.66-0.91). Summary statistics for PK/PD analyses are shown in Figure.EC MIC ranges: LEX 4-64mg/L, CXM 1-8 mg/L, CPD 0.125-8 mg/L. SA MIC ranges: LEX 2-16 mg/L, CXM 0.5-2 mg/L, CPD 2-8 mg/L. All three drugs performed similarly well against SA with relatively steep D-R curves and achieving >1-log kill against 5 of 5 strains. For EC studies, LEX demonstrated a flat, more muted effect with only 2 of 5 strains achieving a 1-log kill. Comparatively, CXM and CPD demonstrated a steeper, more potent D-R curve against EC with a >1-log kill against 4 of 5 strains for CXM and 5 of 5 for CPD. The PK/PD index T >MIC fit the treatment efficacy data well (Rst-3rd generation cephalosporins exhibited efficacy against SA and EC in the mouse thigh infection model. Stasis and 1-log kill targets for the three drugs against SA were 25-35% and 35-45% T >MIC, respectively. Lower targets were noted for 1st generation LEX. PK/PD targets for stasis and 1-log kill for EC were 40-50% and 45-75% T >MIC, respectively. Lower targets were noted for 2nd generation CXM. These studies will be integral in evaluation of PK/PD target attainment by integrating human population PK for standard dosing regimens of each drug and MIC distribution data.Oral 1Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Catharine Vincent, Ph.D., Adagio Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical College: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|AN2: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharma International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Hoffman-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Univ of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Brian D. VanScoy, B.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support David Andes, MD, Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Sfunga: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAI), like surgical site infections (SSIs), has become a top priority for the medical community. Reduction of the bioburden on the skin is a proven strategy that minimizes SSI. All the currently available antiseptic skin products, for skin decolonization, are chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) based. The rise in resistance of organisms to CHG, increase in reported cases of CHG hypersensitivity, and the lack of activity of CHG against some common pathogens, prompted us to design a novel skin antiseptic solution.In vitro time to kill assay was conducted according to ASTM protocol E2315-16. We reported CFU/ml at 3 different timepoints after exposure . The baseline inoculum for all the 16 reference strains was 105 CFU/ml. We included 8 Gram-positive, 5 Gram-negative, 2 anaerobes, and 1 fungal species. Experiments were performed two times in triplicate.The antiseptic solution tested contained benzalkonium chloride (BZK) at 0.129% as the main ingredient. Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213) and Candida albicans (ATCC 18804). In fact, we observed a 2-log reduction in S. aureus (83.3 \u00b1 98.3 CFU/ml) and almost 1-log reduction in C. albicans (1 867 \u00b1 417.9 CFU/ml), from the baseline inoculum. After 30s of exposure, all bacterial strains were killed by the testing solution; however, C. albicans was still found at 120s of exposure (666.7 \u00b1 535.4 CFU/ml).At 30s of exposure, only 2 out of the 16 strains tested (12.5%) remained viable: In vitro efficacy of a CHG-based and a BZK-based solution at 3 different timepoints .The BZK-based solution was effective against all Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and anaerobic bacterial strains, after 30s of exposure. The rapid action of BZK, together with its proven safety, makes it a promising product for skin decolonization in the future.Javad Parvizi, MD, FRCS, 3M: Grant/Research Support|Acumed, LLC: Stocks/Bonds|Aesculap: Grant/Research Support|Alphaeon: Stocks/Bonds|AO Spine: Stocks/Bonds|Becton Dickenson: Advisor/Consultant|Biomet: Grant/Research Support|Cardinal Health: Advisor/Consultant|Cempra: Grant/Research Support|CeramTec: Grant/Research Support|Ceribell: Stocks/Bonds|Coracoid: Stocks/Bonds|Corentec: Advisor/Consultant|Datatrace: Grant/Research Support|DePuy: Grant/Research Support|Elsevier: Grant/Research Support|Elute: Stocks/Bonds|Ethicon: Advisor/Consultant|Hip Innovation Technology: Stocks/Bonds|Illuminus: Stocks/Bonds|Integra: Grant/Research Support|Intellijoint: Stocks/Bonds|Jaypee Publishers: Grant/Research Support|KCI / 3M (Acelity): Advisor/Consultant|Lima: Grant/Research Support|MicroGenDx: Advisor/Consultant|Molecular Surface Technologies: Stocks/Bonds|Myoscience: Grant/Research Support|Nanooxygenic: Stocks/Bonds|National Institutes of Health (NIAMS & NICHD): Grant/Research Support|NDRI: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Grant/Research Support|OREF: Grant/Research Support|Orthospace: Grant/Research Support|Osteal: Stocks/Bonds|Parvizi Surgical Innovations and Subsidiaries: Stocks/Bonds|Peptilogic: Stocks/Bonds|Peptilogics: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|PRN-Veterinary: Grant/Research Support|Rotation Medical: Grant/Research Support|Simplify Medical: Grant/Research Support|SLACK Incorporated: Grant/Research Support|Smith & Nephew: Grant/Research Support|Sonata: Stocks/Bonds|Stelkast: Grant/Research Support|Stryker: Grant/Research Support|Synthes: Grant/Research Support|Tenor: Advisor/Consultant|TissueGene: Grant/Research Support|Tornier: Grant/Research Support|Wolters Kluwer Health - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Grant/Research Support|Zimmer Biomet: Advisor/Consultant|Zimmer Biomet: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) is one of the leading causes of pediatric musculoskeletal (MSK) infections, such as osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. MSSA MSK infections are treated initially with an IV antibiotic, followed by prolonged oral therapy. Cephalexin is the most used oral option due to long-standing clinical experience and its well-described pharmacokinetics (PK) in children. Cefadroxil could be an attractive alternative requiring less frequent dosing, but it has minimal pediatric clinical or PK data. In this study, we describe the comparative PK of cephalexin and cefadroxil in children with MSK infections and evaluate dosing regimens to achieve effective free time above the MIC (fT >MIC) for MSSA.Methicillin-susceptible Children aged 6 months to 18 years admitted with an MSK infection were enrolled in a prospective, open-label, crossover study and given single oral doses of cefadroxil  and cephalexin . During a single dosing interval, 4-5 plasma samples were obtained per patient for each drug. Antibiotic concentrations were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. PK models were developed, and then Monte Carlo simulations were performed using various dosing regimens to estimate the probability of target attainment (PTA) for a range of pharmacodynamic (PD) targets, across various pediatric ages and common MSSA MICs (1-4 mg/L).Concentration-time data for cephalexin (n=15) and cefadroxil (n=14) were best described using a one-compartment model with first order absorption. PK parameters were notable for cefadroxil\u2019s longer half-life than cephalexin. Monte Carlo simulation showed that cephalexin 120 mg/kg/day divided q8hrs  and cefadroxil 100 mg/kg/day divided q12hrs  achieved >95% PTA for fT >MIC >40% for MICs up to 4 mg/L, though cephalexin QID and cefadroxil TID dosing were required to achieve higher PD goals.Among pediatric patients with MSK infections, oral cefadroxil and cephalexin both achieve PD targets for efficacy against MSSA. Twice-daily cefadroxil should be further considered as an alternative to cephalexin for oral step-down therapy given its similar PTA and possibility for less frequent dosing.Marc H. Scheetz, PharmD, MSc, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|ASHP: Honoraria|Chambless, Higdon, Richardson, Katz & Griggs, LLP: Expert Testimony|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Guidepoint Global: Honoraria|Hall, Booth, Smith, P.C.: Expert Testimony|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Reminger Co., L.P.A: Expert Testimony|Spero: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Taylor, English, Duma, LLP: Expert Testimony|Third Pole Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant Sarah K. Parker, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) serogroups A, B, C, W, Y are commonly prevented by MenACWY and MenB vaccines. MenABCWY candidate vaccines could potentially provide benefits as less injections, simplified schedules, and increased uptake. However, there is limited insight on factors influencing preferences for IMD vaccines/vaccination (Vax). This targeted literature review synthesized evidence of factors influencing IMD Vax preferences in 16\u201323-year-old adolescents/young adults (Ado/YA) and parents/caregivers (P/CG) of 16-18 year-old adolescents.PubMed and Google Scholar were searched globally to identify publications on IMD Vax attitudes and preferences (Table 1). Studies were restricted to English and published between 2005-2022. Data were extracted and synthesized from full text reviews to list IMD Vax preference attributes.From the 77 abstracts screened, 19 publications were extracted (Table 2) and 17 relevant for Ado/YA and P/CG. Knowledge of disease severity (20% of Ado/YA articles) and vaccine (29% of P/CG articles) were the most reported factors influencing Vax preference. Severity of disease increased Vax preference for both groups (14%), while low disease awareness limited P/CGs\u2019 willingness to vaccinate children (14% of P/CG articles). Some Ado/YA preferred fewer injections in the immunization series due to reduced injection site discomforts (13%). P/CG preferred less injections due to less time and less physician visits, as it may reduce vaccine preparation/injection/administration and indirect costs associated with parental work loss (7%). However, their concerns over injection-related pain were a Vax barrier (14%). IMD vaccine effectiveness was recognized by Ado/YA (13%). Longer duration of protection was important for P/CG (14%), whilst herd immunity and direct protection was preferred in Ado/YA (13%).Findings highlight IMD Vax characteristics as key considerations among Ado/YA and P/CG when making Vax decisions. To improve vaccination coverage and protection, the evidence supports preferences for vaccinations offering benefits such as fewer injections. Trade-offs between factors relevant for a IMD combination vaccine need further research.Shahina Begum, GSK: Employee Eliazar Sabater Cabrera, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Oscar Herrera-Restrepo, PhD, GSK: Stocks/Bonds Twinkle Khera, Mtech, IQVIA: Advisor/Consultant Willings Botha, PhD, IQVIA: Advisor/Consultant Laurie Batchelder, PhD, IQVIA: Advisor/Consultant Zeki Kocaata, PhD, GSK: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Anal cancer disproportionally affects persons living with HIV (PWH), sexual and gender minorities, and those with gynecologic cancers, condyloma acuminata, and solid organ transplantation. While expert guidance on anal cancer screening exists for PWH, there are no national guidelines for screening any of these populations. We analyzed clinician characteristics associated with anal cancer screening among providers who care for high-risk populations at an academic medical center including infectious disease (ID) specialists, primary care providers (PCPs), and obstetrician/gynecologists (OBGYNs).We retrospectively reviewed medical charts for patients with HIV, gynecologic cancers, condyloma acuminata, solid organ transplantation, and sexual or gender minority status at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and two affiliated clinics from 01/01/2015 - 08/01/2022. We extracted provider specialties, clinic locations, patient panel demographics, and dates of anal cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) screening tests. We used chi-squared tests to identify provider factors associated with screening.Of 1,093 providers, at least one anal cytology test was performed by 93.8% (75/80) of ID providers, 55.2% (376/681) of PCPs, 28.3% (41/145) of OBGYNs, and 24.1% (45/187) of other providers (p < 0.001); among screeners, anal HPV co-testing was performed equally across specialties . Providers were more likely to screen if they cared for PWH , majority cis-men , or majority publicly insured patients . Providers were less likely to screen if they cared for majority cis-women  or majority privately insured patients . Screening practices did not differ by the racial composition of providers\u2019 patient panels (p=.21).While many ID specialists performed anal cancer screenings, other providers were less likely to screen. Providers caring for many PWH, cis-men, or publicly insured patients were more likely to screen. Additional research is needed to clarify screening guidance and optimize screening practices for all higher-risk populations, especially non-PWH groups.Douglas Krakower, MD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|U. North Texas Health Sciences Center: Funding for mentoring|UAB: Advisor/Consultant|UpToDate, Inc.: Royalties|Virology Education: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN). This study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial activity of BPR and comparator agents against recent SPN isolates causing lower respiratory tract infections in patients at medical centers in the United States (US).Ceftobiprole (BPR) is an advanced-generation cephalosporin approved in Europe and many non-European countries for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and non\u2013ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults caused by indicated species, including A total of 2,793 SPN isolates from 32 US medical centers (2016\u20132020) were collected from patients with lower respiratory tract infections. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. MIC interpretations for BPR and comparators utilized European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) or CLSI criteria, respectively. The EUCAST BPR susceptibility breakpoint for SPN was 0.5 mg/L.50/90, 0.015/0.25 mg/L). The MIC50/90 values were stable over all 5 surveillance years. The following comparator agents displayed lower activity against the isolate set: clindamycin (85.5% susceptible [S]), erythromycin (53.2% S), penicillin , tetracycline (79.4% S), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (72.8% S). BPR maintained excellent in vitro activity against each of the isolate subsets resistant to these comparator antimicrobials . This SPN isolate set was also 99.4% S to levofloxacin, 97.4% S to ceftriaxone (using non-meningitis breakpoints), and 100% S to linezolid and vancomycin.BPR inhibited 99.5% of all SPN isolates at the EUCAST breakpoint . These data indicate that BPR merits further investigation as a potential option for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections caused by SPN in the US.BPR exhibited potent Leonard R. Duncan, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Jennifer Smart, PhD, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds Mark E. Jones, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The beta variant drove broad immunity against other SARS-CoV-2 variants, including omicron. We developed 2 vaccines targeting the beta variant receptor-binding domain (RBD): a recombinant dimeric RBD-human IgGth dose of either an adjuvanted  protein vaccine , or mRNA vaccine , or placebo  at least 90 days after 3rdboost or prior COVID infection . All participants received one dose of study vaccine or placebo on Day 1, in double-blind manner. Bleeds occurred on days 1 (prior to vaccination), 8, 29, 90 and 180, and safety monitoring was conducted for 180d. An external comparison group of healthy adults who received a 4th dose booster of a licensed bivalent mRNA COVID vaccine were evaluated for immunogenicity. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05272605.76 healthy adults aged 18\u201364y, previously vaccinated with 3 doses of licensed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, were randomised to receive a 4Figure 1Trial profileNo vaccine-related serious or medically-attended AEs occurred. Protein vaccine reactogenicity profile was mild (no Grade-3). The mRNA was slightly more reactogenic at higher dose levels. Optimal anti-RBD antibody responses were recorded for the 45\u00b5g dose of protein vaccine and for 50\u00b5g of mRNA vaccine, but titre fold rise (GMFR) was stronger for the lower mRNA dose . A similar pattern was seen with live virus neutralisation and surrogate & pseudovirus neutralisation, including against BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 subvariants . Binding antibody titres were stronger for both study vaccines compared to those from a licensed bivalent mRNA COVID vaccine . T-cell studies showed a balanced Th1-Th2 profile, with CD4 & CD8 activation by both vaccines, stronger for CD8 with the mRNA vaccine.Fig 2.Pre- (Day 1) and Post-booster (Day 29) Immunogenicity: Binding antibody (ELISA) and Microneutralisation.Fig 3.Booster seroresponses: Geometric mean fold rises (GMFR) by vaccine type and dose, surrogate virus neutralisation (sVNT).Both protein and mRNA beta RBD vaccines showed strong immune boosting against beta, ancestral and omicron strains, and was similar to that of a licensed bivalent mRNA COVID vaccine. There were no safety concerns and the reactogenicity profile was mild.Terry Nolan, MD, PhD, Clover: Board Member|CSL Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant|CSL Seqirus: Grant/Research Support|Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Board Member|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Iliad: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Board Member|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|SK Bio: Board Member Sharon Lewin, MBBS PhD, Abbvi: Advisor/Consultant|Esfam: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|MSD: Honoraria|Vaxxinity: Advisor/Consultant|VIIV: Advisor/Consultant Steven Rockman, PhD, CSL Seqirus: employee|CSL Seqirus: Stocks/Bonds Dale Godfrey, PhD, CSL Seqirus: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The beetle fauna of the California Channel Islands is here enumerated for the first time in over 120 years. We provide an annotated checklist documenting species-by-island diversity from an exhaustive literature review and analysis of a compiled dataset of 26,609 digitized specimen records to which were added over 3,000 individual specimen determinations. We report 825 unique species from 514 genera and 71 families (including 17 new family records) comprising 1,829 species-by-island records. Species totals for each island are as follows: Anacapa (74); San Clemente (197); San Miguel (138); San Nicolas (146); Santa Barbara (64); Santa Catalina (370); Santa Cruz (503); and Santa Rosa (337). This represents the largest list of species published to date for any taxonomic group of animals on the Channel Islands; despite this, we consider the checklist to be preliminary. We present evidence that both inventory and taxonomic efforts on Channel Islands beetles are far from complete. Rarefaction estimates indicate there are at least several hundred more species of beetles yet to be recorded from the islands. Despite the incomplete nature of existing records, we found that species diversity is highly correlated with island area. We report 56 species which are putatively geographically restricted (endemic) to the Channel Islands, with two additional species of questionable endemic status. We also report 52 species from the islands which do not natively occur in the southern California region. The California Channel Islands are an archipelago of eight main islands between 20 and 98 km off the coast of southern California, USA. Often referred to as \u201cNorth America\u2019s Gal\u00e1pagos\u201d, the biological diversity of the California Channel Islands has long captured the attention of natural historians of western North America. Detailed information about the islands\u2019 geography, geologic history, natural history, and history of human activity may be found in many other publications, especially Attempts to document species diversity of the islands have been scattered and unequal across taxonomic groups, with most organismal groups not having a reliable checklist or taxonomic treatment completed and made available. The largest published list is that of Trigonoscuta), plus two additional endemic subspecies. Prior efforts at inventorying the beetles of the California Channel Islands have been significant yet have not resulted in a published list of species for over a century. We here report, for the first time since 1897, a comprehensive list of Coleoptera species from the Channel Islands, annotated with full supporting citations, specimen records, nomenclatural authority, and notes.To generate a comprehensive list of the Coleoptera known from the Channel Islands, we utilized two primary data streams: published literature and digitized specimen records. We also physically examined specimens from several institutions to complement and refine the specimen-level data delivered by them. Our methods generally follow those suggested by The taxonomic and faunistic literature for Coleoptera of North America is incredibly expansive and intractable for a single research team to fully scour. Nevertheless, a rigorous review of the literature was attempted to identify Channel Islands distribution records. The comprehensive bibliographies for California Island entomology by Literature records, especially those from authoritative taxonomic revisions, can provide some of the best information available for Channel Island Coleoptera. In particular, revisionary studies are often based upon borrowed material from many institutions and likely report on specimens that have not yet been digitized and made available by the owning institutions. Conversely, historical literature records may often be doubtful as taxonomic names and concepts have shifted through time. Additionally, some publications do not cite particular specimens so a proper vetting of the island records may never be fully possible.Future revisionary works and taxon-specific studies may overturn some of the records reported in the literature. However, we have here reported all such taxa and literature citations in order to make them transparent for future researchers. In the event of a publication explicitly discounting earlier published records or ascribing them to new taxa, the original citations are included in the notes under each taxon, while the island records presented have been adjusted according to more recent authorities. Notes under each taxon detail any perceived ambiguities, irregularities, or importance for each literature citation.Natural history collections house the primary distributional data for insects. Each collection has idiosyncratic strengths which are often a result of the activities of its workers through time. For the Channel Islands, material is scattered throughout the world\u2019s collections and even collections with limited holdings from the region may contain valuable species records that correspond to taxonomic expertise of its staff. Visiting all collections and examining every island beetle within them is impractical and inefficient for building a checklist. Therefore, we have focused on publicly available digitized specimen records for Channel Islands Coleoptera.Data sources. Our dataset is built upon three primary groups of specimen records: (1) the beetle holdings of the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County (LACM), which contains vast amounts of historical island survey material; (2) the beetle holdings of the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History (SBMNH), which has a focus on both Coleoptera and the Channel Islands; and (3) digitized records available from the Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network . The holdings from LACM and SBMNH are fully (or very nearly) digitized to the specimen level. The records from SCAN were compiled by performing two searches of the portal (in November 2020): (1) taxon \u201cColeoptera\u201d within a polygon drawn around all eight Channel Islands, and (2) taxon \u201cColeoptera\u201d with state \u201cCalifornia\u201d and \u201cisland\u201d contained in the locality. Specimens from the following institutional or personal collections appear in our checklist:ASUHICArizona State University Hasbrouck Insect Collection, Tempe, AZ, USAAUMNHAuburn University Museum of Natural History, Auburn, AL, USABYUCBrigham Young University Arthropod Collection, Provo, UT, USACASCCalifornia Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USACSCACalifornia State Collection of Arthropods, Sacramento, CA, USACSUCColorado State University Insect Collection, Fort Collins, CO, USADMNSDenver Museum of Nature and Science, Denver, CO, USAEMECEssig Museum, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USAJNRCJacques N. Rifkind Collection, Sacramento, CA, USALACMNatural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, CA, USAMAJCM. Andrew Johnston Research Collection, Tempe, AZ, USASBMNHSanta Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA, USASDNHMSan Diego Natural History Museum, San Diego, CA, USASEMCSnow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USATAMUTexas A&M University Insect Collection, College Station, TX, USAUCMCUniversity of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Boulder, CO, USAUCRCUniversity of California Riverside Insect Collection, Riverside, CA, USAUCSBUniversity of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USAUSNMUnited States National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution), Washington, DC, USAUTCIUniversity of Tennessee Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USAUASMUniversity of Alberta Strickland Entomology Museum, Edmonton, AB, CanadaYPMCYale Peabody Museum of Natural History, New Haven, CT, USAiNathttps://inaturalist.org)iNaturalist Research Grade Observations  were performed on specimens examined in person at SBMNH, LACM, and the UCSB collections. Additional nomenclatural adjustments (957) were made for records that had obvious misspellings or old combinations.Data cleaning. All data were imported into the Symbiota portal Ecdysis (https://serv.biokic.asu.edu/ecdysis/) utilizing best practices according to the Darwin Core data standard and FAIR  data principles. All records were examined and georeferenced (where not previously done) and added to island-specific datasets. California \u201cisland\u201d records not located in the Channel Islands  were excluded. Throughout this process, the owner institution and metadata were preserved with each record. Records that were deemed untrustworthy, typically due to a mismatch in locality data and provided GPS coordinates or records lacking any data, were pruned from the dataset. The final set of records numbered 26,609; these are fully available in their final, cleaned form . Many collections have no specimens digitized and most are only partially digitized. This issue is compounded by the fact that not all museums share their data publicly or do not frequently refresh their data to online aggregators. In addition, online taxonomic resources are woefully incomplete for insects, particularly beetles, so many publicly available records are not appropriately indexed to family or order level. With each of these hurdles, otherwise valuable records are in effect made unavailable to research projects like this one. Other websites  occasionally provided additional species or specimen information, but these were ignored as unverifiable since they do not have a unique identifier to relocate the presumed specimen(s) anchoring the record. We hope to see increased focus on the Channel Islands by coleopterists in the future where taxonomic experts can continue to add to and refine the knowledge aggregated and summarized in this work.Each taxon listed from the islands was critically examined as part of our literature review. In addition, we examined any records of taxa not known from southern California and, where possible, confirmed the identification of the physical specimen. The most modern and reliable treatments for all taxa were used for determining taxon validity, and were cited in full.Non-unique order, family, or genus records in the literature were generally ignored for purposes of this checklist. For example, if a record was identified only to the genus level where a species from that genus was already known from the Channel Islands, that was not considered a new taxon for the tally. In cases where only genus-level or higher records are known for a given taxon, then that taxon was included in the species count as an undetermined species of the genus (or \u201cundetermined genus and species\u201d for a family in one case). All digitized and literature records are included for the genus level; many of these represent unique island records for that group. Subspecies were not counted as separate taxa in our checklist; instead, subspecies are discussed under each species where relevant.Numbers quoted in the family accounts for California beetle diversity are mostly derived from an unpublished checklist of author MLG with other sources being cited when used. We do not include general biological information except in special cases and except as it relates specifically to island-collected or island-observed specimens; such biological information can be found in more general guides and references.We cite the most relevant work where we derived our taxon name, combination, and authority from as the nomenclatural authority. This is often the most recent catalog, revision, or book chapter known to us. Many of the groups represented across the California Channel Islands are in desperate need of revision and have a long and complicated taxonomic history. We anticipate that taxonomic experts will come to conclusions different than those of historical workers who have published on the Channel Islands and identified material in collections. It is with this in mind that we strive to explicitly document all name usages such that they can be tracked, validated, and updated by future generations of coleopterists see also .i.e., not counting literature records but including identifications to higher taxon ranks as a single unique taxon) was used to generate specimen totals for each unique taxon on each island and totals for each taxon pooled across all of the islands. Totals for each species by island were further pooled into collecting events where all records with the same collector (recordedBy field) and collection date (eventDate field) were considered to belong to the same collecting event to examine possible limitations of the dataset. Total specimen counts were analyzed in a rarefaction and extrapolation species diversity analysis using the R iNEXT software package  comprising 1,829 species-by-island records (see checklist below). Individual island species counts and geographic data are given in We report 56 species putatively restricted to the Channel Islands along with two more that are questionably so. This represents a 22% increase in the number of known endemic species since Beetle diversity on individual islands was plotted against island and dataset characteristics to elucidate potential driving factors and biases in our results. Beetle diversity is extremely strongly correlated with island land area with a linear relationship  but not specimen  (The distribution of the number of islands a single species inhabits  was strospecimen  while 24nd date) . The obsSpecies richness on each island is likely still far from fully documented ; Fig. 4.Eleodes (Tenebrionidae), Scymnus (Coccinellidae), and Trigonoscuta (Curculionidae); Bembidion (Carabidae) follows closely behind with 10 species. vs adventive) and known island-level distribution.The ten most species-rich families on the islands are: Staphylinidae (105 species), Carabidae (87 species), Curculionidae (65 species), Tenebrionidae (61 species), Coccinellidae (43 species), Scarabaeidae (41 species), Chrysomelidae (38 species), Cerambycidae (34 species), Hydrophilidae (32 species), and Melyridae (27 species). The three most species-rich genera on the islands are, with 11 species each: In this section we highlight some island-specific findings notable for their taxonomic or biogeographic implications, and highlight taxa in need of further investigation. For specific island records and other details, please refer to the taxon entries in the main checklist.Pterostichus (Hypherpes), a California-centric subgenus, is in serious need of investigation; currently there are six \u201cknown\u201d species from the islands, including one putative endemic, but their taxonomy needs revision. Amara insularis is currently considered endemic and occurring on all islands, but based on investigation of hundreds of specimens housed in SBMNH  this species is questionably distinct from mainland (and island) A. insignis.Among Carabidae, the subgenus Anorus piceus (Dascillidae), Pterotus obscuripennis (Lampyridae), and Zarhipis integripennis (Phengodidae).Among non-endemic taxa, a few are notable for having flightless females, yet have clearly dispersed from source populations on the mainland: Dalopius (Elateridae), Mordellistena (Mordellidae), Carinodulinka (Coccinellidae), Fuchsina (Latridiidae), Dacne (Erotylidae), Longitarsus , Anthonomus (Curculionidae), Gilbertiola (Curculionidae) , Phobetus , and Carphobius , as well as the subfamily Leptotyphlinae (Staphylinidae). Interestingly, the Fuchsina, Gilbertiola, and Leptotyphlinae are eyeless and flightless , while the two Longitarsus taxa are both flightless with abbreviated elytra; one undescribed Mordellistena has vestigial hind wings.Apparently undescribed, and possibly endemic, island species exist in the genera Bacanius species (Histeridae), Plegaderus species (Histeridae), Anthaxia species (Buprestidae), Hyperaspis species (Coccinellidae), and Dienerella species (Latridiidae).Taxa needing taxonomic investigation that will almost certainly reveal additional species, possibly including endemics, are as follows: At least 63 known, unique taxa  still lack species determinations, predominantly in groups that lack modern taxonomic treatments, including all or most genera in the Scirtidae, Ptiliidae, Staphylinidae , Salpingidae, Latridiidae, and Brentidae (Apioninae).Coenonycha (Scarabaeidae), in which all four species from the islands are endemic; Serica (Scarabaeidae), which contains two endemic species; Xarifa (Ptinidae), a genus with one island endemic species and one rarely collected mainland species, neither of which have been studied since their original description, or illustrated; and Trigonoscuta (Curculionidae), with 10 putative endemic species that desperately need a taxonomic reassessment.Island endemic taxa are distributed across many families of Coleoptera; the family with the highest proportion of endemics was found to be Melyridae, with 13 out of 28 species, or 46% of the island fauna. This family is the current research focus for MLG, and several of these island endemics are undescribed and will be receiving treatment in the near future; based on much recent fieldwork and museum work, the island endemism in this family is believed to be genuine rather than artefactual. Other families with significant proportions of endemics, either real or artefactual, include Scarabaeidae , Curculionidae , Cleridae , Tenebrionidae , Latridiidae , Zopheridae , and Ptinidae . Notable genera with endemics include via a land bridge , widely distributed across dry areas of southern California that may eventually be found on the Channel Islands.Cupedidae (Archostemata). This family of two genera and two species in California  contains a species, Nycteus infumatus , that may yet be discovered on the Channel Islands.Eucinetidae (Clamboidea). This family of two genera and three species in California  contains at least one widespread coastal species, Dystaxia LeConte, 1866 and Glyptoscelimorpha Horn, 1893 present on the nearby mainland.Schizopodidae (Buprestoidea). This family of three genera and seven species in California  containsByrrhidae (Byrrhoidea). This family of three subfamilies, eight genera, and 10 species in California , although primarily boreal and montane in distribution, contains a few taxa occurring along California\u2019s Central Coast south into Santa Barbara and Ventura counties (SBMNH specimen data).Eubrianax edwardsii , that is conspicuously absent from the Channel Islands. Lack of suitable microhabitat may explain this absence.Psephenidae (Dryopoidea). This family of three subfamilies and as many genera and species in California  containsBrevipogon confusus , widely distributed in the southern half of California (Artematopodidae (Elateroidea). This family of two subfamilies, four genera, and six species in California  contains a species, lifornia .Lycidae (Elateroidea). This family of two subfamilies, five genera, and seven species in California , contains at least a couple of species occurring in the Coast Ranges.Ginglymocladus luteicollis Van Dyke, 1918, occurring in coastal Santa Barbara County (SBMNH specimen data).Omethidae (Elateroidea). This family of two subfamilies, five genera, and seven species in California , including at least one, Georissus californicus LeConte, 1874 (Georissidae (Hydrophiloidea). This family of one species in California, te, 1874 , occurs Hydrochus Leach, 1817, and four species in California (Hydrochidae (Hydrophiloidea). This family of one genus, lifornia , has speLichnanthe Burmeister, 1844, and six species in California, contains species occurring in coastal portions of the state, including Santa Barbara, Ventura, and Los Angeles counties (Glaphyridae (Scarabaeoidea). This family of one genus, counties .Glaresis Erichson, 1848, and 13 species in California (Glaresidae (Scarabaeoidea). This family of one genus, lifornia , has spePlatycerus Geoffroy, 1792 and Sinodendron Hellwig, 1894 occur in southern coastal California (SBMNH specimen data).Lucanidae (Scarabaeoidea). This family consists of two subfamilies, four genera, and 18 species in California . Species of Parochodaeus californicus , occurring in coastal southern California (SBMNH specimen data).Ochodaeidae (Scarabaeoidea). This family of two subfamilies, four genera, and five species in California  has at lPleocoma LeConte, 1856, and about 23 species in California , many of them occurring in coastal California.Pleocomidae (Scarabaeoidea). This family contains one genus, Necrophilus hydrophiloides Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1835, occurring in nearby coastal California (SBMNH specimen data).Agyrtidae (Staphylinoidea). This family of three subfamilies, four genera, and seven species in California  containsEronyxa Reitter, 1876 occurring in nearby coastal California (Lophocateridae (Cleroidea). This family of three genera and five species in California  contains species of the genus Peltis M\u00fcller, 1764, and three species in California  contains species occurring at lower elevations within the Transverse Ranges (SBMNH specimen data).Peltidae (Cleroidea). This family of one genus, Rhadalus LeConte, 1852 and Semijlulistus Schilsky, 1894 occurring at lower elevations within the Transverse Ranges (SBMNH specimen data).Rhadalidae (Cleroidea). This family of two genera and three species in California  contains species of both Aderidae (Tenebrionoidea). This family of four genera and five species in California  contains species occurring in nearby coastal California (SBMNH specimen data).Osphya lutea  is a particularly abundant and well-collected species we expect might occur on the islands.Melandryidae (Tenebrionoidea). This family of two subfamilies, 12 genera, and 15 species in California  contains several genera and species in coastal southern regions of California (SBMNH specimen data). Sphalma quadricollis Horn, 1888, occurring at lower elevations in the Transverse Ranges (SBMNH specimen data).Pythidae (Tenebrionoidea). This family of three genera and three species in California  contains at least one species, Ripiphoridae (Tenebrionoidea). This family of two genera and 20 species in California (Tetratomidae (Tenebrionoidea). This family of four subfamilies, seven genera, and nine species in California  contains species occurring at lower elevations in the Transverse Ranges (SBMNH specimen data).Symbiotes gibberosus , occurring in California (Anamorphidae (Coccinelloidea). This family contains a single, introduced species, lifornia , includiMurmidius ovalis , which is a cosmopolitan stored product associate (Murmidiidae (Coccinelloidea). This family contains a single, introduced species in California, ssociate .Mycetaea subterranea , which is a cosmopolitan species (Mycetaeidae (Coccinelloidea). This family contains a single, introduced species in California,  species .Sphindus crassulus Casey, 1898, occurs in nearby coastal California (SBMNH specimen data).Sphindidae (Nitiduloidea). This family contains two subfamilies, two genera, and three species in California , at least one of which, Cucujidae (Cucujoidea). This family contains two genera and six species in California  and is widely distributed in forested areas of California (SBMNH specimen data).Orsodacne atra , which occurs on the nearby coastal mainland (SBMNH specimen data).Orsodacnidae (Chrysomeloidea). This family contains a single species in California, Anthribidae (Curculionoidea). This family of two subfamilies, five genera, and 11 species in California  contains at least two species occurring on the nearby coastal mainland (SBMNH specimen data).Pinus species (Pinaceae); consequently, they should be searched for during spring in the pine groves occurring on the Channel Islands.Cimberididae (Curculionoidea). This family of four genera and 10 species in California , and for certain notable higher-taxon literature records, which are included in the respective Notes field; (2) Island records of supraspecific taxa that have no records at lower levels  are treated with a unique header as \u201c(Taxon) undetermined species\u201d to identify it as a unique taxon within the checklist; (3) When a genus-level taxon does have lower-level representation in our list, then any records determined only to the higher level are included merely under that higher-level heading and not listed as an additional taxon.In order to keep close accounting of the actual number of unique taxa known from the islands, the following system of presentation is employed: (1) Most family-level digital and literature records are excluded, except for select groups presenting taxonomic challenges  or presence on the mainland. Full ranges of species are not included or covered in this checklist.Notes: This field contains a wide variety of information about the taxon. For entries within supraspecific taxa, we include information on diversity in California, and discuss recent taxonomic revisions or catalogs. For species-level entries, we include any information about subspecies classification of island specimens. Any additional information deemed relevant, including island-specific natural history notes, as well as decisions on taxon validity and discrepancies or issues relating to literature or digitized specimens, are included under this section.ADEPHAGACarabidaee.g., Notes. There are 103 genera and 647 species of this family known from California, placed in 38 tribes e.g., . BousqueBembidiiniNotes. Thirteen genera and 148 species of Bembidiini are known to occur in California Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa .Bembidium. Fully 115 species have been reported to occur in California . No complete keys exist for North American or Californian species, but Bembidion (Hirmoplataphus) recticolle LeConte, 1863 from Santa Cruz Island provided to the California Beetle Database was deemed unverifiable and needs to be substantiated.Notes. This genus was widely known in the earlier literature as Bembidion (Furcacampa) versicolor Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Clemente : 284Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Bembidion (Lymneops) laticeps Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH)Lymnaeum Stephens, 1828 to the subgenus Lymneops Casey, 1918 by Range: Also known from mainland . This spBembidion (Lymneops) palosverdes Kavanaugh & Erwin, 1992Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 46Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland, but possibly extinct there .Cillenus Samouelle, 1819 to the subgenus Lymneops Casey, 1918 by Notes. This species was thought to be extinct since its original description from the Palos Verdes Peninsula in greater Los Angeles, but was rediscovered by M. and K. Caterino on Santa Catalina in 2010 . This spBembidion (Notaphus) indistinctum Dejean, 1831Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 285, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Bembidion (Notaphus) insulatum Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Clemente : 284Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Bembidion (Peryphanes) platynoides Hayward, 1897Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 236Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Bembidion (Peryphodes) ephippigerum Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236Digitized Records: San Nicolas (9 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Bembidion (Peryphus) corgenoma Maddison, 2020Nomenclatural Authority: Maddison (2020)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 143, SaDigitized Records: San Miguel (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (19 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (10 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Bembidium mannerheimii , subsequently considered a junior synonym of Bembidion transversale Dejean, 1831  striola Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Clemente : 285, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Bembidion (Trechonepha) iridescens Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Elaphropus Motschulsky, 1839Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Elaphropus are in need of revision Phrypeus Casey, 1924Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Phrypeus occurs in North America Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Tachys Dejean, 1821Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Tachys have been reported from California  vorax LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Tachys (Tachys) corax LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Clemente : 236Digitized Records: San Nicolas (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .corax, Lec., but seem distinct by the obviously less transverse thorax.\u201d This is likely identical to what we have identified as T. corax, and we have included these records together above.Notes. Tachys (Tachys) vittiger LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 689Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .BrachininiNotes. One genus and 12 species of Brachinini occur in California .Brachinus Weber, 1801Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina (1 CASC), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (5 SBMNH)Brachinus reported from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236, SaDigitized Records: Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (15 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland , 1970.Brachinus carinulatus Motschulsky, 1859 by B. costipennis by Notes. This species was reported as Brachinus gebhardis Erwin, 1965Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 132Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (6 LACM), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (10 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland , 1970.Brachinus mexicanus Dejean, 1831Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 107Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (40 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland , 1970.Brachinus fidelis LeConte, 1863 by B. mexicanus by Notes. This species was recorded as Brachinus quadripennis Dejean, 1825Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 144Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Brachynus tschernikhii Mannerheim, 1843, which was synonymized with B. quadripennis by Notes. CarabiniNotes. Two genera and 28 species of Carabini are known to occur in California .Calosoma Weber, 1801Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Calosoma were revised by Notes. The North American species of Calosoma (Camegonia) parvicolle Fall, 1910Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 256Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Calosoma (Carabosoma) eremicola Fall, 1910Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Clemente : 235, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente , Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .Calosoma glabratum sponsum Casey, 1897 by Calosoma eremicola was originally described as endemic to San Clemente Island by Notes. This species was synonymized with Calosoma (Chrysostigma) semilaeve LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 123, SaDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (5 LACM), Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Recorded from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by ChlaeniiniNotes. One genus and 13 species of Chlaeniini are known from California .Chlaenius Brull\u00e9, 1834Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz Chlaenius have been reported to occur in California (Notes. Thirteen species of lifornia . The genChlaenius (Chlaeniellus) obsoletus LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 150Digitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Chlaenius (Chlaeniellus) tricolor Dejean, 1826Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .C. tricolor from California belong to the subspecies C. t. vigilans Say, 1830  variabilipes Eschscholtz, 1833Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 150Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 LACM), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Chlaenius (Chlaenius) cumatilis LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 144Digitized Records: Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .ClivininiNotes. Three genera and 11 species of Clivinini are known to occur in California .Schizogenius Putzeys, 1846Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz Schizogenius have been recorded from California . Notes. Seven species of lifornia , belongiSchizogenius (Schizogenius) depressus LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 294Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by CychriniNotes. One genus and 18 species of Cychrini are known to occur in California .Scaphinotus Dejean, 1826Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina (3 EMEC), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (1 EMEC)Scaphinotus are known from California  crenatus Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel , Santa Catalina (1 CASC), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Scaphinotus (Brennus) punctatus Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 223Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (5 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland .Cychrus mimus Horn, 1874 by Cuchrus mimus\u201d), which was later synonymized with S. punctatus (see Notes. This species was previously recorded as atus see .Scaphinotus (Brennus) ventricosus Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 171Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland .DyschiriiniNotes. Two genera and 21 species of Dyschiriini are known to occur in California .Akephorus LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Dyschirius) by Notes. Two species of this genus occur in California . They weAkephorus marinus LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 236Digitized Records: San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (7 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Dyschirius Bonelli, 1810Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (12 CASC)Dyschirius have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (7 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Dyschirius consobrinus LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Dyschirius gibbipennis LeConte, 1857Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 236Digitized Records: San Miguel (1 CASC), Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Dyschirius varidens Fall, 1910Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .HarpaliniNotes. Thirteen genera and 78 species of Harpalini are known to occur in California Digitized Records (genus-only): San Miguel (1 LACM), Santa Cruz (19 UASM)Anisodactylus are known to occur in California (Anisodactylus (Anisodactylus), the only subgenus known to occur in the Channel Islands.Notes. Thirteen species of lifornia . Noonan Anisodactylus (Anisodactylus) californicus Dejean, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Miguel : 126, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (7 SBMNH), San Miguel , San Nicolas (8 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (3 CASC), Santa Rosa (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Anisodactylus (Anisodactylus) consobrinus LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236, SaDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (8 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Anisodactylus (Anisodactylus) similis LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 144Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Anisodactylus semipunctatus LeConte, 1859, a current junior synonym of A. similis, by Notes. This species was recorded as Bradycellus Erichson, 1837Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (4 SBMNH), San Miguel (3 CASC), San Nicolas (3 LACM), Santa Cruz Bradycellus are known to occur in California  nitidus Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236, SaDigitized Records: San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Tachycellus nitidus; Glycerius nitidus. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Notes. Bradycellus (Stenocellus) californicus Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 236Digitized Records: San Clemente (16 SBMNH), San Miguel (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas (17 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (4 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (8 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (12 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Bradycellus (Stenocellus) rupestris Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236Digitized Records: San Clemente (6 SBMNH), San Nicolas (12 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Bradycellus (Stenocellus) sejunctus Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (14 EMEC)Range: Also known from mainland .Dicheirus Mannerheim, 1843Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (3 CASC)Dicheirus are known to occur in California Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Clemente : 298, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente , San Miguel (2 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (10 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Anisodactylus dilatatus by Dicheirus australinus Casey, 1914 by D. dilatatus by D. dilatatus refer to the nominate subspecies, D. d. dilatatus   . Reporten, 1829) : 1042.Dicheirus piceus Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Clemente : 236Digitized Records: Anacapa (3 SBMNH), San Clemente , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (9 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Anisodactylus piceus by Notes. This species was recorded as Harpalus Latreille, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Digitized Records (genus-only): Anacapa (1 ASUHIC)Harpalus have been reported from California  caliginosus Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Harpalus (Megapangus), including a shaded range map showing H. caliginosus ranging partially into the Channel Islands  pensylvanicus Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 UCSB)Range: Also known from mainland .Pseudoophonus Motschulsky, 1844 (as Pseudophonus). Only one species of the subgenus has been recorded from California Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (2 UASM)Stenolophus occur in California, four in subgenus Agonoderus Dejean, 1829 and seven in subgenus Stenolophus (Notes. Eleven species of nolophus . Lindrotnolophus .Stenolophus (Agonoderus) lineola Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 236Digitized Records: Anacapa (2 LACM), Santa Cruz (2 LACM), Santa Rosa (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Agonoderus lineola.Notes. Stenolophus (Agonoderus) rugicollis Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Stenolophus (Stenolophus) anceps LeConte, 1857Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (7 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Stenolophus (Stenolophus) flavipes LeConte, 1858Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (14 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Stenolophus (Stenolophus) limbalis LeConte, 1857Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Stenolophus (Stenolophus) ochropezus Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (11 EMEC)Range: Also known from mainland .LachnophoriniNotes. Three genera and three species of Lachnophorini are known to occur in California .Lachnophorus Dejean, 1831Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Notes. Only one species of this genus occurs in North America .Lachnophorus elegantulus Mannerheim, 1843Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .LebiiniNotes. Fourteen genera and 39 species of Lebiini are known to occur in California Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (4 LACM)Apristus are known from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (11 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland .Axinopalpus LeConte, 1846Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Axinopalpus are known from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Dromius Bonelli, 1810Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Dromius occurs in California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Lebia Latreille, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Lebia have been recorded from California (Notes. Ten species of lifornia . The NorLebia (Lebia) cyanipennis Dejean, 1831Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Lebia (Lebia) perita Casey, 1920Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Microlestes Schmidt-G\u00f6bel, 1846Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Microlestes have been recorded from California (Notes. Five species of lifornia . LindrotMicrolestes undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 LACM)NotiophiliniNotes. One genus and four species of Notiophilini have been recorded from California .Notiophilus Dum\u00e9ril, 1805Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Notiophilus have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 91Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notiophilus sp.\u201d in Notes. Based on examination of the voucher specimen, the Santa Cruz Island record of \u201cOmophroniniNotes. One genus and six species of Omophronini have been recorded from California .Omophron Latreille, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Omophron have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 144, SaDigitized Records: Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by PlatyniniNotes. Six genera and 33 species of Platynini are known to occur in California .Agonum Bonelli, 1810Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina (14 LACM), Santa Cruz Agonum have been recorded from California (Notes. Twenty-one species of lifornia . LiebherAgonum (Agonum) piceolum Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 EMEC)Range: Also known from mainland .Agonum (Europhilus) limbatum Motschulsky, 1845Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236Digitized Records: San Miguel (1 LACM), Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (5 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Platynus variolatus LeConte, 1851. It has been recorded in the recent literature as Agonum variolatum , which is now considered a junior synonym of A. limbatum. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Notes. This species was recorded by Agonum (Olisares) decorum Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Cruz (Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland , 1986.Agonum (Olisares) punctiforme Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (9 SBMNH), San Miguel (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Anchomenus Bonelli, 1810Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Anchomenus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Clemente : 55, SanDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Platynus funebris by Notes. This species was recorded as Platynus Bonelli, 1810Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Platynus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente , San Miguel (10 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (7 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Tanystoma Motschulsky, 1845Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Tanystoma have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (9 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Tanystoma maculicolle Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Anacapa : 22, SanDigitized Records: San Clemente , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Platynus maculicollis by Notes. This species was recorded as PogoniniNotes. Two genera and three species of Pogonini have been recorded from California . The triThalassotrechus Van Dyke, 1918Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Thalassotrechus occurs in North America Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (2 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (14 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. PterostichiniNotes. Two genera and 78 species of Pterostichini are known to occur in California .Poecilus Bonelli, 1810Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 iNat)Poecilus have been recorded from California  laetulus Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 285, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Pterostichus laetulus LeConte by Notes. Pterostichus Bonelli, 1810Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz : 303, SaDigitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente , San Miguel , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Pterostichus have been recorded from California  congestus  from Santa Catalina Island provided to the California Beetle Database probably originated from a specimen determined by H.C. Fall in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University ; this species record is the result of an erroneous synonymy . A record of Pterostichus (Hypherpes) lama  from Santa Rosa Island exists in the SBMNH database, but no specimen was found. This species record is geographically suspect .Notes. Five subgenera and 73 species of lifornia . Fall (1lifornia : 45 collrecorded . It is brecorded . Most ornymy see : 846 witPterostichus (Bothriopterus) lustrans LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 143Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Pterostichus adstrictus Eschscholtz, 1823 previously.Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Pterostichus (Hypherpes) gliscans Casey, 1913Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Clemente : 847Digitized Records: San Miguel (28 LACM)Range: Endemic .Pterostichus (Hypherpes) illustris LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .Pterostichus (Hypherpes) inermis Fall, 1901Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (28 EMEC)Range: Also known from mainland .Pterostichus (Hypherpes) isabellae LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Clemente : 236, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. Pterostichus (Hypherpes) jacobinus Casey, 1913Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 EMEC)Range: Also known from mainland .Pterostichus (Hypherpes) menetriesii LeConte, 1873Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 849Digitized Records: San Miguel (84 CASC), Santa Cruz (4 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was thought to be endemic to the Channel Islands by SphodriniNotes. Two genera and four species of Sphodrini are known to occur in California .Calathus Bonelli, 1810Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (18 UASM)Calathus have been recorded from California  ruficollis Dejean, 1828Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Anacapa : 303, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa , San Miguel , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .C. ruficollis, without subspecies, by authors prior to C. r. ruficollis Dejean, 1828. Prior records of Calathus obscurus LeConte Laemostenus occurs in California (Notes. One adventive species of lifornia .Laemostenus (Laemostenus) complanatus Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (9 SBMNH), Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was introduced from the Palearctic region to North America : 1173.ZabriniNotes. One genus and 36 species of Zabrini are known to occur in California .Amara Bonelli, 1810Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Digitized Records (genus-only): Anacapa (6 ASUHIC), San Clemente (7 LACM), San Nicolas , Santa Barbara , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Amara have been recorded from California (Notes. Nine subgenera and 36 species of lifornia . Miller Amara (Amara) aurata Dejean, 1828Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Clemente : 929Digitized Records: San Clemente (3 CASC), Santa Cruz (2 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland .Celia clementina Casey, 1918 by Amara clementina. It was subsequently synonymized with A. aurata by Notes. This species was recorded as the purported endemic Amara (Amara) conflata LeConte, 1855Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Reported from the \u201cChannel Islands\u201d by Amara (Amara) pomona Casey, 1918Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 114, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Amara brunnipes Motschulsky, 1859 by A. pomona as the next available name.Notes. This species was recorded as Amara (Bradytus) insignis Dejean, 1831Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 59, SanDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (5 CASC), Santa Cruz (4 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland .Amara insignis group\u201d, represented by the two species A. insignis and A. insularis, were determined based on the key in A. insignis appear to be consistently punctate basally, this character appears to break down, at least among northern island populations . The shape of the aedeagal apices do not seem to covary with this character and, in fact, impunctate \u201cA. insularis\u201d forms do not appear to possess a distinctive aedeagus when compared to mainland A. insignis. Additionally, hind wings appear to be developed in all specimens where this character is visible . In the end, all island members of the group housed in SBMNH were determined as A. insularis.Notes. Amara (Bradytus) insularis Horn, 1875Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Clemente : 123, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (4 CASC), San Clemente , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Barbara , Santa Catalina (6 CASC), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Endemic .A. insignis (see Notes in that species account above).Notes. Amara (Celia) californica Dejean, 1828Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: San Clemente : 915, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (40 CASC), San Clemente (5 CASC), San Miguel (21 CASC), San Nicolas (17 CASC), Santa Cruz (3 CASC), Santa Rosa (1 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland .Celia californica. Amara perspecta Casey, 1918, described as endemic from San Clemente Island  scitula Zimmermann, 1832Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (1 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland .CicindelidaeNotes. The North American fauna of tiger beetles (often treated as a subfamily of Carabidae) was the subject of a thorough field guide by CicindeliniNotes. The California fauna of Cicindelini consists of five genera and 29 species . We follCicindela Linnaeus, 1758Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2012)Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (6 LACM)Cicindela are known to occur in California Literature Records: Santa Catalina Literature Records: Anacapa : 106, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 LACM), San Miguel , San Nicolas (26 LACM), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .C. oregona belong to the nominate subspecies, C. o. oregona LeConte, 1856 Literature Records: San Clemente : 107Digitized Records: San Clemente Range: Also known from mainland .C. s. frosti Varas Arangua, 1928 by Notes. The Channel Islands form of this species was referred to as the subspecies Cicindelidia Rivalier, 1954Nomenclatural Authority: Pearson et al. (2015)Cicindelidia are known to occur in California Nomenclatural Authority: Pearson et al. (2015)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 109, SaDigitized Records: San Nicolas (19 SBMNH), Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .C. hemorrhagica belong to the nominate subspecies, C. h. hemorrhagica   , 1985. Re, 1851) : 314; Nae, 1851) , 1985 liCicindelidia trifasciata Nomenclatural Authority: Pearson et al. (2015)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 109Digitized Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .C. trifasciata belong to the subspecies C. t. sigmoidea   , 1985. Re, 1851) : 326. Nae, 1851) , 1985 anDytiscidaeNotes. Seven subfamilies, 36 genera, and 156 species of this family are known to occur in California Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 UCSB)Agabinus are known to occur in California Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 13, SanDigitized Records: Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Agabinus sculpturellus Zimmermann, 1919Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 250Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Agabus Leach, 1817Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Agabus are known to occur in California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Ilybiosoma Crotch, 1873Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Ilybiosoma are known to occur in California Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 13, SanDigitized Records: San Nicolas (2 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (58 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (9 SBMNH), Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Agabus lugens by Ilybiosoma perplexum , except by male genitalia Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Ilybiosoma seriatum Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Ilybius Erichson, 1832Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Ilybius are known to occur in California Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 250Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Agabus discors.Notes. Reported by Ilybius lineellus Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Ilybius walsinghami Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: San Clemente (Digitized Records: Santa Rosa (17 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Agabus walsinghami.Notes. Reported by ColymbetinaeNotes. Two genera, and 10 species of Colymbetinae have been recorded from California Rhantus are known to occur in California Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: San Clemente : 52, SanDigitized Records: San Clemente (28 SBMNH), San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .DytiscinaeNotes. Five tribes, seven genera, and 14 species of Dytiscinae have been recorded from California .DytisciniNotes. One genus and four species of Dytiscini are known to occur in California .Dytiscus Linnaeus, 1758Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Dytiscus are known to occur in California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 13Digitized Records: San Clemente (6 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (4 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .EretiniNotes. One genus and species of Eretini is known to occur in California .Eretes Laporte, 1833Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Eretes has been reported from California Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (2 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .HydroporinaeNotes. Six tribes, 19 genera, and 85 species of Hydroporinae are known to occur in California .Liodessus Guignot, 1939Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Liodessus have been reported from California Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (3 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (11 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (8 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Liodessus affinis  until recently Neoclypeodytes have been reported from California Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (16 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Uvarus Guignot, 1939Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Uvarus is known to occur in California Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (6 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .HydroporiniNotes. Eleven genera and 49 species of Hydroporini are known to occur in California Leconectes is known to occur in California .Notes. One species of Leconectes striatellus Nomenclatural Authority: Fery & Ribera (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 13, SanDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH), San Miguel (2 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (11 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Deronectes striatellus, while Stictotarsus striatellus; it has also been known as Boreonectes striatellus until recently Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (8 EMEC)Sanfilippodytes are known to occur in California Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (7 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (9 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (34 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Sanfilippodytes latebrosus Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (12 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Sanfilippodytes vilis Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 13, SanDigitized Records: San Miguel (7 SBMNH), San Nicolas (8 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Hydroporus vilis from Santa Catalina and Santa Rosa, but later (H. belfragei (see S. williami below). All of the foregoing species were subsequently transferred to Sanfilippodytes.Notes. According to ut later  indicateSanfilippodytes williami Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 13, SanDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Hydroporus vilis LeConte. Hydroporus belfragei Sharp, 1882. Finally, H. williami that included the island material. All of the foregoing species were subsequently transferred to Sanfilippodytes.Notes. HydrovatiniNotes. One genus and two species of Hydrovatini are known to occur in California .Hydrovatus Motschulsky, 1853Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Hydrovatus are known to occur in California Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 250Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .HygrotiniNotes. Two genera and 21 species of Hygrotini are known to occur in California .Hygrotus Stephens, 1828Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Hygrotus are known to occur in California (Notes. Twenty species of lifornia .Hygrotus (Leptolambus) lutescens Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 13Digitized Records: San Clemente (14 SBMNH), San Nicolas (7 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (12 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .LaccophilinaeNotes. One genus and six species of Laccophilinae are known to occur in California , all belLaccophilus Leach, 1815Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Laccophilus are known to occur in California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 13Digitized Records: San Clemente (16 SBMNH), Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .L. f. terminalis Sharp, 1882.Notes. Laccophilus maculosus Nomenclatural Authority: Nilsson & H\u00e1jek (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 13Digitized Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .L. m. decipiens LeConte, 1852.Notes. GyrinidaeNotes. Two genera and 11 species of this family are known to occur in California, all of which belong to the subfamily Gyrininae .Gyrinus M\u00fcller, 1764Nomenclatural Authority: Oygur & Wolfe (1991)Gyrinus are known to occur in California Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 250Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (6 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (8 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .HaliplidaeNotes. Three genera and 20 species of this family are known to occur in California . van VonHaliplus Latreille, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: van Vondel (2021)Haliplus have been reported to occur in California Peltodytes R\u00e9gimbart, 1879Nomenclatural Authority: van Vondel (2021)Peltodytes have been reported to occur in California (Notes. Five species of lifornia .Peltodytes (Neopeltodytes) simplex Nomenclatural Authority: van Vondel (2021)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 258, SaDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (9 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .MYXOPHAGAHydroscaphidaeNotes. Only one species of this family is known to occur in California . The NewHydroscapha LeConte, 1874Nomenclatural Authority: Reichardt & Hinton (1976)Hydroscapha is known from California Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 250Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (9 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (9 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Sphaeriusidae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. One species of this family is known to occur in California . This faSphaerius Waltl, 1838Nomenclatural Authority: Reichardt (1973)Sphaerius has been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (4 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (11 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was described from Visalia, Tulare County, California .POLYPHAGASCIRTOIDEAScirtidaeNotes. Four genera and 14 species of Scirtidae are known from California .Scirtidae undetermined genus and speciesLiterature Records: Santa Cruz : 250Digitized Records: noneNotes. CLAMBOIDEAClambidaeNotes. There are two genera and five species of Clambidae recorded from California . This faClambus Fischer von Waldheim, 1820Nomenclatural Authority: Endr\u0151dy-Younga (1981)Clambus have been recorded from California (Notes. Four species of lifornia .Clambus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Notes. The Santa Cruz Island specimen housed in SBMNH is a female, and therefore cannot presently be determined to species .Loricaster Mulsant & Rey, 1861Nomenclatural Authority: Endr\u0151dy-Younga (1981)Loricaster has been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (2 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (10 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Loricaster was recorded from Santa Catalina Island by Notes. The genus DASCILLOIDEADascillidae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. Two subfamilies, two genera, and three species of Dascillidae are known to occur in California . JohnstoKarumiinaeNotes. One genus and two species of Karumiinae have been recorded from California .Anorus LeConte, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Johnston & Gimmel (2020)Anorus have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 LACM), Santa Catalina (3 LACM), Santa Cruz (4 LACM), Santa Rosa (23 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .A. piceus concept of the recent revision and are reliably labeled from the islands from multiple collecting events. The flightless morphology and life history of females of this species Sandalus have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 UCRC)Range: Also known from mainland .BUPRESTOIDEABuprestidaeNotes. Four subfamilies, 35 genera, and 319 species of Buprestidae are known to occur in California Agrilus have been reported from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (14 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .A. quadriguttatus occurring on the Channel Islands is A. q. niveiventris Horn, 1891 .Notes. The subspecies of BuprestinaeNotes. Seven tribes, 15 genera, and 132 species of Buprestinae are known to occur in California Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz Anthaxia have been reported from California .Notes. Twenty-four species of lifornia . All butAnthaxia (Melanthaxia) aeneogaster Gory & Laporte, 1839Nomenclatural Authority: Nelson et al. (2008)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .BuprestiniNotes. Three genera and 19 species of Buprestini are known to occur in California .Buprestis Linnaeus, 1758Nomenclatural Authority: Nelson et al. (2008)Buprestis have been reported from California (Notes. Fourteen species of lifornia . The genBuprestis (Cypriacis) aurulenta Linnaeus, 1767Nomenclatural Authority: Nelson et al. (2008)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 286Digitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .ChrysobothriniNotes. Three genera and 68 species of Chrysobothrini are known to occur in California Chrysobothris have been recorded from California .Notes. Sixty-five species of Chrysobothris mali Horn, 1886Nomenclatural Authority: Nelson et al. (2008)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 CASC), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .MelanophiliniNotes. Four genera and 13 species of Melanophilini have been recorded from California .Melanophila Eschscholtz, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Nelson et al. (2008)Melanophila have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (4 iNat)Range: Also known from mainland .Polycestinae: AcmaeoderiniNotes. Five tribes, eight genera, and 119 species of Polycestinae are known to occur in California, of which four genera and 102 species belong to Acmaeoderini .Acmaeodera Eschscholtz, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Nelson et al. (2008)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (4 UCSB)Acmaeodera connexa LeConte, 1859 (which he misspelled as \u201cA. convexa\u201d) was erroneously recorded from Santa Rosa  hepburnii LeConte, 1860Nomenclatural Authority: Nelson et al. (2008)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 359, SaDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Acmaeodera hepburni.Notes. Often misspelled Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) mariposa Horn, 1878Nomenclatural Authority: Nelson et al. (2008)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .A. m. dohrni Horn, 1878 .Notes. The subspecies occurring on the islands is Acmaeodera (Acmaeodera) prorsa Fall, 1899Nomenclatural Authority: Nelson et al. (2008)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 359Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 CASC), Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .DRYOPOIDEADryopidaeNotes. Three genera and five species of Dryopidae are known to occur in California . ShepardPostelichus Nelson, 1989Nomenclatural Authority: Shepard (1993)Postelichus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Barr & Shepard (2022)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Dryops productus.Notes. ElmidaeNotes. Fourteen genera and 24 species of Elmidae are known to occur in California . Ordobrevia Sanderson, 1953Nomenclatural Authority: Shepard (1993)Ordobrevia has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Shepard (1993)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 250Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .HeteroceridaeNotes. Three genera and 11 species of Heteroceridae are known to occur in California . Heterocerus Fabricius, 1792Nomenclatural Authority: Shepard (1993)Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (11 SBMNH), San Nicolas (5 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (7 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (7 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (16 SBMNH)Heterocerus have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 250Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Dampfius mexicanus. However, the genus Dampfius Pacheco, 1964 was synonymized with Heterocerus by Notes. This species has been known in the literature  as DampfLimnichidae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. Six genera and 13 species of Limnichidae are known to occur in California . ShepardLimnichites Casey, 1889Nomenclatural Authority: Wooldridge (1977)Limnichites have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Wooldridge (1977)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .ELATEROIDEACantharidaeNotes. Four subfamilies, 13 genera, and 157 species of Cantharidae have been recorded from California .CantharinaeNotes. Two tribes, seven genera, and 51 species of Cantharinae have been recorded from California .CanthariniNotes. Five genera and 16 species of Cantharini have been recorded from California .Cultellunguis McKey-Fender, 1950Nomenclatural Authority: Ramsdale (2002)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (8 SBMNH)Notes. This genus contains nine species restricted to the Pacific coast of North America , all of Cultellunguis americanus Nomenclatural Authority: Ramsdale (2002)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Telephorus notatus Mann. var.\u201d by Telephorus notatus Mannerheim, 1843 is an unavailable homonym which was replaced by C. americanus Nomenclatural Authority: Ramsdale (2002)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 21, SanDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (13 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cantharis (Cultellunguis) hatchi McKey-Fender, was originally recorded from both Santa Catalina and Santa Cruz by Cantharis (Cultellunguis) hatchi dorothyaeCultellunguis h. dorothyae Pacificanthia occurs in California Nomenclatural Authority: Kazantsev (2002)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 144Digitized Records: Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Cantharis consors.Notes. PodabriniDichelotarsus Motschulsky, 1860 and Podabrus Westwood, 1838, while both valid, have not had their species properly assigned yet Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (13 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Podabrus Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Dichelotarsus .Frostia Fender, 1951Nomenclatural Authority: Fender (1951)Frostia have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Fender (1951)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (20 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Malthodes transversus LeConte, 1861, but the name was subsequently corrected to Malthodes laticollis by Malthodes laticollis. Frostia. Frostia from Santa Cruz Island; one voucher (in SBMNH) was identified by MLG as F. laticollis.Notes. SilinaeNotes. Three genera and 43 species of Silinae are known to occur in California .Silis Charpentier, 1825Nomenclatural Authority: Ramsdale (2002)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Silis are known to occur in California . Silis known from North America at the time. The specimen the above record is based on is female, and therefore not identifiable to species Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. The single specimen is a male, which was dissected for examination of the genitalia for identification .ElateridaeNotes. Eight subfamilies, 67 genera, and 362 species of Elateridae are known to occur in California .Agrypninae: OophoriniNotes. Three tribes, nine genera, and 23 species of Agrypninae are known to occur in California, of which four genera and 11 species belong to Oophorini .Heteroderes Latreille, 1834Nomenclatural Authority: Kundrata et al. (2019)Heteroderes are known from California .Notes. Two species of Heteroderes amplicollis Nomenclatural Authority: Stone (1975)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Conoderus Eschscholtz, 1829 in the literature .Notes. This species is a destructive pest introduced from South America . It has CardiophorinaeNotes. Five genera and 52 species of Cardiophorinae are known to occur in California .Cardiophorus Eschscholtz, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Douglas (2003)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (5 SBMNH)Cardiophorus tenebrosus group\u201d. The other specimens from both islands are similar in appearance and likely represent the same species, which may be conspecific with the specimens identified as C. tenebrosus below. However, this is a highly diverse genus with 28 described species of Cardiophorus recorded from California in the literature , even after the recent splitting off of Paracardiophorus Schwarz, 1895 by Notes. One of the Santa Rosa Island specimens above was identified by Hume Douglas during 2006 as \u201cCardiophorus tenebrosus LeConte, 1853Nomenclatural Authority: Douglas (2003)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. A specimen in the H.C. Fall collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University from San Clemente Island was questionably identified as this species . This record needs verification.Horistonotus Cand\u00e8ze, 1860Nomenclatural Authority: Wells (2000)Notes. Five species of this genus have been recorded from California . Horistonotus inanus Nomenclatural Authority: Wells (2000)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (10 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This is a dimorphic species with regard to dorsal color pattern, with some specimens showing distinct light coloration at the base of the elytra. However, all examined specimens from the Channel Islands are not or very weakly bicolored.Dendrometrinae; DendrometriniNotes. Two tribes, 23 genera, and 138 species of Dendrometrinae have been recorded from California, of which eight genera and 62 species belong to Dendrometrini .Athous Eschscholtz, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Etzler (2020b)Athous have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (17 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (7 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Athous nigropilis Motschulsky, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Becker (1979)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Athous rufiventris Nomenclatural Authority: Becker (1979)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Hemicrepidius Germar, 1839Nomenclatural Authority: Etzler (2020b)Hemicrepidius have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (2 SBMNH), San Nicolas Range: Also known from mainland .Hemicrepidius tumescens Nomenclatural Authority: Etzler (2020b)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 86, 87Range: Also known from mainland .Asaphes tumescens. At the time of Notes. Recorded by Limonius Eschscholtz, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Etzler (2019)Limonius are known to occur in California . While Limonius, Notes. Eleven species of Limonius canus LeConte, 1853Nomenclatural Authority: Etzler (2019)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 LACM), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .ElaterinaeNotes. Five tribes, 17 genera, and 127 species of Elaterinae are known to occur in California .AgriotiniNotes. Four genera and 41 species of Agriotini are known to occur in California .Dalopius Eschscholtz, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Brown (1934)Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 LACM), Santa Cruz (1 LACM)Dalopius have been recorded from California . This genus was revised for North America in a multi-part paper by Notes. Twenty-four species of Dalopius luteolus Brown, 1934Nomenclatural Authority: Brown (1934)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Dalopius undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (17 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)D. luteolus. One male was dissected and the median lobe does not match any of the illustrated species in Dalopius partitus Brown, 1934. The species may be undescribed.Notes. The rather uniform specimens above (SBMNH) were examined and they do not match the description of AmpediniNotes. Four genera and 35 species of Ampedini are known to occur in California .Ampedus Dejean, 1833Nomenclatural Authority: Ramberg (1979)Ampedus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Ramberg (1979)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 318Digitized Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .Ampedus rhodopus Nomenclatural Authority: Ramberg (1979)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Anchastus LeConte, 1853Nomenclatural Authority: Johnson (2002)Anchastus are known to occur in California . Anchastus.Notes. Six species of Anchastus cinereipennis Nomenclatural Authority: Van Dyke (1932)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 126, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (3 SBMNH), San Nicolas (6 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 iNat)Range: Also known from mainland .Melanotus Eschscholtz, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Johnson (2002)Melanotus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Quate & Thompson (1967)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 61Digitized Records: Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .M. l. longulus , is the only subspecies of M. longulus known from south of the Tehachapi Mountains in southern California .Euthysanius LeConte, 1853Nomenclatural Authority: Johnson (2002)Euthysanius are known to occur in California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (9 LACM), Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Octinodes Cand\u00e8ze, 1863Nomenclatural Authority: Johnson (2002)Octinodes are known to occur in California .Notes. Nine species of lifornia . Van DykOctinodes frater Nomenclatural Authority: Van Dyke (1932)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .ElateriniNotes. Five genera and 12 species of Elaterini are known to occur in California .Elater Linnaeus, 1758Nomenclatural Authority: Johnson (2002)Elater are known from California . The genus was revised for North America by Notes. Four species of Elater lecontei Nomenclatural Authority: Roache (1961)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .NegastriinaeNotes. Five genera and 11 species of Negastriinae are known to occur in California .Paradonus Stibick, 1971Nomenclatural Authority: Etzler (2020a)Paradonus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Etzler (2020a)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (20 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .OxynopterinaeNotes. Only two genera and two species of Oxynopterinae are known to occur in California .Melanactes LeConte, 1853Nomenclatural Authority: Mathieu (1961)Melanactes has been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (2 USNM)Range: Also known from mainland .EucnemidaeNotes. Six subfamilies, 14 genera, and 22 species of Eucnemidae have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Muona (2000)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 81Digitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Lampyridae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. Three subfamilies, nine genera, and 22 species of Lampyridae are known to occur in California .LampyrinaeNotes. Six genera and 16 species of Lampyrinae are known to occur in California .Pyropyga Motschulsky, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Green (1961)Pyropyga has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Green (1961)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 UCSB), Santa Rosa (2 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .PterotinaeNotes. One genus and two species of Pterotinae have been recorded from California .Pterotus LeConte, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Chemsak (1978)Pterotus are known, both of them occurring in California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .Phengodidae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. Two subfamilies, four genera, and seven species of Phengodidae are known to occur in California .PhengodinaeNotes. Two genera and four species of Phengodinae have been recorded from California Zarhipis LeConte, 1880Nomenclatural Authority: Linsdale (1964)Zarhipis have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Linsdale (1964)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Throscidae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. Three genera and five species of Throscidae are known to occur in California .Trixagus Kugelann, 1794Nomenclatural Authority: Yensen (1975)Trixagus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Yensen (1975)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .HISTEROIDEAHisteridaeNotes. Seven subfamilies, 39 genera, and 141 species of Histeridae are known to occur in California . Although no histerid taxa below are recorded for Anacapa Island, LACM has undetermined material from that island.AbraeinaeNotes. Three tribes, six genera, and 13 species of Abraeinae are known to occur in California .AbraeiniNotes. Two genera and five species of Abraeini are known to occur in California .Plegaderus Erichson, 1834Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Plegaderus are known to occur in California .Notes. Four species of Plegaderus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)AcritiniNotes. Three genera and four species of Acritini are known to occur in California .Halacritus Schmidt, 1893Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Halacritus has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland.DendrophilinaeNotes. Four tribes, five genera, and 20 species of Dendrophilinae are known to occur in California .BacaniiniNotes. One genus and two species of Bacaniini have been recorded from California .Bacanius LeConte, 1853Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Bacanius have been recorded from California Bacanius (Gomyister) acuminatus Casey, 1893 or Bacanius (s.str.) globulinus Casey, 1893. It may represent an undescribed species.Notes. The male specimen (SBMNH) from Santa Catalina Island does not appear to match either of the two species previously recorded for California, ParomaliniNotes. Two genera and 12 species of Paromalini are known to occur in California .Carcinops Marseul, 1855Nomenclatural Authority: Reese & Swanson (2017)Carcinops are known to occur in California . This genus was reported from Santa Barbara Island by Coreopsis gigantea (Kellogg) H.M. Hall (Asteraceae).Notes. Ten species of Carcinops opuntiae Nomenclatural Authority: Reese & Swanson (2017)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .HisterinaeNotes. Four tribes, nine genera, and 30 species of Histerinae are known to occur in California .HisteriniNotes. Five genera and 20 species of Histerini are known to occur in California .Margarinotus Marseul, 1854Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Margarinotus have been recorded from California  sexstriatus Nomenclatural Authority: Caterino (2010)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 10, SanDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .HololeptiniNotes. Two genera and six species of Hololeptini have been recorded from California .Hololepta Paykull, 1811Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Hololepta have been recorded from California (Hololepta (s.str.) and Leionota Marseul, 1853.Notes. Five species of lifornia  in two sHololepta (Leionota) vicina LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Iliotona Carnochan, 1917Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Iliotona has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .SaprininaeNotes. Eleven genera and 53 species of Saprininae are known to occur in California .Aphelosternus Wenzel, 1962Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Aphelosternus Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 96Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Saprinus interstitialis by Notes. This species was recorded as Euspilotus Lewis, 1907Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Euspilotus are known to occur in California , distributed among three subgenera, Hesperosaprinus Wenzel, 1962, Neosaprinus Bickhardt, 1909, and Platysaprinus Bickhardt, 1916.Notes. Eleven species of Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) scissus Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (9 SBMNH), San Nicolas (8 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Euspilotus (Hesperosaprinus) species near laridus Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: noneRange: Unknown.Saprinus sp. near laridus\u201d by Notes. This species was recorded as \u201cGeomysaprinus Ross, 1940Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Geomysaprinus have been recorded from California , Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Hypocaccus Thomson, 1867Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Hypocaccus are known to occur in California , distributed among two subgenera, Baeckmanniolus Reichardt, 1926 and Hypocaccus (s.str.).Notes. Seven species of Hypocaccus (Baeckmanniolus) gaudens Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (4 SBMNH), San Nicolas , Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (10 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Hypocaccus (Baeckmanniolus) serrulatus Nomenclatural Authority: [none]Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland.Notes. This name is missing from the catalog of Hypocaccus (Hypocaccus) bigemmeus Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH), San Miguel (10 SBMNH), San Nicolas (7 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (8 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Hypocaccus (Hypocaccus) lucidulus Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: San Clemente : 278, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (11 SBMNH), San Miguel (19 SBMNH), San Nicolas (12 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (21 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (13 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Saprinus lucidulus.Notes. Neopachylopus Reichardt, 1926Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Neopachylopus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 285Digitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH), San Miguel (5 SBMNH), San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (14 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Saprinus sulcifrons.Notes. Saprinus Erichson, 1834Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Rosa (2 LACM)Saprinus have been recorded from California, all of them belonging to the nominate subgenus .Notes. Four species of Saprinus (Saprinus) lugens Erichson, 1834Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: San Clemente : 123, SaDigitized Records: San Miguel (4 SBMNH), San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (7 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (26 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Saprinus (Saprinus) oregonensis LeConte, 1844Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 144Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Xerosaprinus Wenzel, 1962Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Rosa (2 LACM)Xerosaprinus are known from California , belonging to two subgenera, Vastosaprinus Wenzel, 1962 and Xerosaprinus (s.str.).Notes. Thirteen species of Xerosaprinus (Xerosaprinus) fimbriatus Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland.Saprinus fimbriatus by Notes. This species was recorded as Xerosaprinus (Xerosaprinus) lubricus Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: San Clemente : 237, SaDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (13 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Saprinus lubricus by Notes. This species was recorded as Xerosaprinus (Xerosaprinus) vitiosus Nomenclatural Authority: Mazur (2011)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Saprinus vitiosus by Notes. This species was recorded as HYDROPHILOIDEAHelophoridae, NEW FAMILY RECORDHelophorus. The species (as Hydrophilidae subfamily Helophorinae) were revised for North America by Notes. The family Helophoridae contains a single genus, Helophorus Fabricius, 1775Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Helophorus have been recorded from California, all of them belonging to the subgenus Rhopalohelophorus Kuwert, 1886  linearis LeConte, 1855Nomenclatural Authority: Smetana (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (15 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .HydrophilidaeNotes. Five subfamilies, 21 genera, and 117 species of Hydrophilidae are known to occur in California Helochares has been recorded from California  normatus Nomenclatural Authority: Short & Gir\u00f3n (2018)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 250Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (16 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (12 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .ChaetarthriinaeNotes. Two tribes, three genera, and 20 species of Chaetarthriinae are known to occur in California Anacaena are known from California .Notes. Three species of Anacaena signaticollis Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 405Digitized Records: San Miguel (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (50 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .ChaetarthriiniNotes. One genus and 11 species of Chaetarthriini have been recorded from California .Chaetarthria Stephens, 1835Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (37 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Chaetarthria have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 43Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (17 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .C. nigrella apparently refers to this species.Notes. Based on material examined in Chaetarthria nigrella Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .C. nigrella refers to C. hespera (see that species).Notes. Chaetarthria punctulata Sharp, 1882Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Chaetarthria pusilla Sharp, 1882Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (12 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .EnochrinaeNotes. Two genera and 21 species of Enochrinae have been recorded from California Cymbiodyta have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .C. dorsalis Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: San Miguel : 236Digitized Records: San Miguel (22 SBMNH), San Nicolas (8 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (8 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (13 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (37 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .C. columbiana above.Notes. See note under Cymbiodyta punctatostriata Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 24Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Enochrus Thomson, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Enochrus are known from California ; these belong to three subgenera, Enochrus (s.str.), Lumetus Zaitzev, 1908, and Methydrus Rey, 1885. The genus was revised for North America by Notes. Twelve species of Enochrus (Enochrus) carinatus Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: San Miguel : 285Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .E. c. carinatus , is the only subspecies occurring in California  piceus Miller, 1964Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (5 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (21 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .E. p. piceus Miller, 1964, is the only subspecies occurring in California  hamiltoni Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Enochrus (Methydrus) cristatus Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Enochrus (Methydrus) pygmaeus Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (8 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Enochrus p. pectoralis  is the subspecies occurring in coastal California Berosus in two subgenera, Berosus (s.str.) and Enoplurus Hope, 1838, are known to occur in California . The species were revised for North America by Notes. Eleven species of Berosus (Berosus) fraternus LeConte, 1855Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: Santa Catalina (Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Berosus (Berosus) hatchi Miller, 1965Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 214Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Berosus (Berosus) infuscatus LeConte, 1855Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Berosus (Enoplurus) punctatissimus LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 250Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (10 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (11 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .HydrobiusiniNotes. Two genera and three species of Hydrobiusini have been recorded from California .Hydrobius Leach, 1815Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 UCSB)Hydrobius is known to occur in California Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 250Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .HydrophiliniNotes. Three genera and 12 species of Hydrophilini are known to occur in California .Hydrochara Berthold, 1827Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Hydrochara have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 67, SanDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Hydrocharis glaucus LeConte by H. lineata (see Hydrophilus lineatus (LeConte). The dot on Notes. This species was recorded as eata see . Fall & Hydrophilus Geoffroy, 1762Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Hydrophilus, both belonging to the nominate subgenus, have been recorded from California (Notes. Two species of lifornia . The NorHydrophilus (Hydrophilus) triangularis Say, 1823Nomenclatural Authority: Short & McIntosh (2014)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 250Digitized Records: San Clemente (1 iNat), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Tropisternus Solier, 1834Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (3 UCSB)Tropisternus are known to occur in California, all belonging to the nominate subgenus .Notes. Eight species of Tropisternus (Tropisternus) affinis Motschulsky, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236Digitized Records: Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Tropisternus ellipticus  by most prior workers, including Notes. This species has been reported as Tropisternus (Tropisternus) californicus Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .LaccobiiniNotes. Two genera and 21 species of Laccobiini are known to occur in California Laccobius were revised for the United States in two publications by Notes. The species of Laccobius (Hydroxenus) californicus d\u2019Orchymont, 1942Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 47Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Laccobius (Hydroxenus) ellipticus LeConte, 1855Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236, SaDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (4 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (14 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Laccophilus ellipticus\u201d.Notes. Laccobius (Microlaccobius) insolitus d\u2019Orchymont, 1942Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (4 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (7 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .SphaeridiinaeNotes. Three tribes, seven genera, and 28 species of Sphaeridiinae are known to occur in California .MegasterniniNotes. Five genera and 23 species of Megasternini are known to occur in California .Agna Smetana, 1978Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Agna has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species apparently develops exclusively in rotting cacti and other succulents .Cercyon Leach, 1817Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Digitized Records (genus-only): San Miguel (223 LACM), San Nicolas (53 LACM)Cercyon are known to occur in California, belonging to three subgenera, Cercyon (s.str.), Paracercyon Seidlitz, 1888, and Prostercyon Smetana, 1978 . Cercyon sp. larvae\u201d were reported from Santa Catalina Island by Notes. Eighteen species of Cercyon (Cercyon) fimbriatus Mannerheim, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Suzumura, Kobayashi & \u00d4hara (2019)Literature Records: San Miguel (Digitized Records: San Clemente (5 SBMNH), San Miguel (19 SBMNH), San Nicolas (2 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (7 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (33 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (8 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cercyon (Cercyon) haemorrhoidalis Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: Santa Barbara : 123Digitized Records: Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cercyon haemorrhoides\u201d.Notes. Introduced to North America from the Palearctic realm . MisspelCercyon (Cercyon) luniger Mannerheim, 1853Nomenclatural Authority: Suzumura, Kobayashi & \u00d4hara (2019)Literature Records: San Miguel : 392, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (8 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .C. luniger by C. luniger from the islands, but included Fall and CASC island material among the paratypes of his Cercyon spathifer Smetana, 1978. However, C. spathifer with C. luniger; what was previously considered C. luniger was given a new name. The distribution map in C. luniger, presumably from an earlier instance of the California Beetle Project pages, but the resolution does not allow identification of the island.Notes. This species was originally referred to as Cercyon (Cercyon) quisquilius Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Introduced to North America from the Palearctic realm .SphaeridiiniNotes. One genus and three species of Sphaeridiini are known to occur in California .Sphaeridium Fabricius, 1775Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Sphaeridium are known to occur in California . These species were treated by Notes. Three introduced species of Sphaeridium scarabaeoides Nomenclatural Authority: Hansen (1999)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (2 LACM), Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH), Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Introduced to North America from the Palearctic realm SCARABAEOIDEAGeotrupidaeNotes. Two subfamilies, five genera, and seven species of Geotrupidae have been recorded from California Bolbocerastes are known from California Literature Records: San Clemente : 108Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Bolboceras serratus LeConte by Notes. This species was misidentified as Odonteus Samouelle, 1819Nomenclatural Authority: Smith (2009)Odonteus is known from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Bolboceras obesus . The subfamily Rutelinae has yet to be recorded from the Channel Islands.AphodiinaeNotes. Five tribes, 36 genera, and 102 species of Aphodiinae are known to occur in California .AegialiiniNotes. Two genera and 14 species of Aegialiini have been recorded from California .Aegialia Latreille, 1807Nomenclatural Authority: Smith (2009)Aegialia are known to occur in California  and Psammoporus Thomson, 1863. The North American fauna was treated by Notes. Thirteen species of lifornia ; these aAegialia  convexa Fall, 1932Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Cartwright (1988)Literature Records: San Clemente : 22Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Aegialia  crassa LeConte, 1860Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Cartwright (1988)Literature Records: San Clemente : 153Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Aegialia  nigrella Brown, 1931Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Cartwright (1988)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 24Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Aegialia  punctata Brown, 1931Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Cartwright (1988)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 25Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .AphodiiniNotes. Twenty-eight genera and 66 species of Aphodiini are known to occur in California Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina (1 LACM)Notes. Prior to Aphodius fimetarius Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Skelley (2007)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Adventive in North America, originating in Europe .Calamosternus Motschulsky, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Skelley (2007)Notes. Only a single, adventive species occurs in North America .Calamosternus granarius Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Skelley (2007)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 153Digitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas , Santa Catalina (1 LACM), Santa Rosa (2 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Aphodius granarius and incorrectly attributed the species to LeConte. This species was introduced to North America from Europe Notes. Three species of this genus are known to occur in California .Cinacanthus militaris Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Skelley (2007)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 153Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Aphodius militaris.Notes. This species was recorded by Labarrus Mulsant & Rey, 1869Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Skelley (2007)Notes. Two species of this genus occur in North America . At leasLabarrus pseudolividus Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Skelley (2007)Literature Records: San Clemente : 153, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa , San Clemente (7 LACM), San Miguel (22 LACM), San Nicolas (32 LACM), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (5 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Aphodius lividus [now Labarrus lividus ]. L. lividus probably represent L. pseudolividus. After examination of the L. pseudolividus. There are no confirmed published vouchers of true L. lividus reported from California. Labarrus lividus is probably adventive in North America, while L. pseudolividus is probably native Notes. Only a single, adventive species of this genus is known from North America .Otophorus haemorrhoidalis Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Skelley (2007)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Introduced to North America from the Palearctic realm .Planolinellus Dellacasa & Dellacasa, 2005Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Skelley (2007)Notes. Only one species of this genus occurs in North America .Planolinellus vittatus Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Skelley (2007)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 153, SaDigitized Records: San Nicolas , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Aphodius vittatus.Notes. Recorded by Rugaphodius Gordon & Skelley, 2007Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Skelley (2007)Notes. Only one species of this genus occurs in North America .Rugaphodius rugatus Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon & Skelley (2007)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 153, SaDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 LACM), Santa Rosa (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Aphodius rugatus.Notes. This species was recorded by PsammodiiniNotes. Six genera and 11 species of Psammodiini are known to occur in California .Tesarius Rakovi\u010d, 1981Nomenclatural Authority: Rakovi\u010d (1984)Tesarius have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Rakovi\u010d (1984)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .CetoniinaeNotes. Four tribes, five genera, and 14 species of Cetoniinae have been recorded from California .CremastocheiliniNotes. Two genera and 10 species of Cremastocheilini have been recorded from California .Cremastocheilus Knoch, 1801Nomenclatural Authority: Smith (2009)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH)Cremastocheilus are known from California .Notes. Nine species of Cremastocheilus schaumii LeConte, 1853Nomenclatural Authority: Smith (2009)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 286Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland.Cremastocheilus schaumi by Notes. GymnetiniNotes. One species of Gymnetini has been recorded from California .Cotinis Burmeister, 1842Nomenclatural Authority: Smith (2009)Cotinis is known from California Nomenclatural Authority: Smith (2009)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 iNat)Range: Also known from mainland .DynastinaeNotes. Five tribes, seven genera, and 12 species of Dynastinae have been recorded from California . The NorCyclocephaliniNotes. One genus and five or six species of Cyclocephalini have been recorded from California .Cyclocephala Dejean, 1821Nomenclatural Authority: Ratcliffe & Cave (2017)Cyclocephala have been recorded from California Literature Records: San Clemente : 61, SanDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Ochrosidia villosa ; this name is preoccupied in Cyclocephala and C. borealis is the currently valid name for this taxon. This species is otherwise known to occur only in the eastern USA; the Channel Islands records are suspect. Notes. Cyclocephala hirta LeConte, 1861Nomenclatural Authority: Ratcliffe & Cave (2017)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (18 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .C. h. hirta LeConte, 1861.Notes. According to Cyclocephala longula LeConte, 1863Nomenclatural Authority: Ratcliffe & Cave (2017)Literature Records: San Clemente : 156, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Ochrosidia longula from Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa; he also recorded it as Ochrosidia obesula Casey, 1915 from San Clemente and San Nicolas. The latter name is now considered a synonym of C. longula Nomenclatural Authority: Ratcliffe & Cave (2017)Literature Records: San Miguel : 156, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Dichromina dimidiata  Nomenclatural Authority: Ratcliffe & Cave (2017)Literature Records: San Miguel : 156, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Ochrosidia pasadenae.Notes. PentodontiniNotes. Two genera and three species of Pentodontini have been recorded from California .Ligyrus Casey, 1915Nomenclatural Authority: L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda & Deloya (2022)Ligyrus has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda & Deloya (2022)Literature Records: San Clemente : 156, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Ligyrus californicus Casey, 1909 and L. scitulus Casey, 1915. The former was reported from San Clemente, San Miguel, San Nicolas, and Santa Rosa and was noted to be \u201ccommon in loose sand under Abronia maritima, A. alba, Franseria bipinnatifida, Astragalus nevinii and A. miguelensis, and occasional at lights\u201d .DichelonychiniNotes. Three genera and 46 species of Dichelonychini are known to occur in California .Coenonycha Horn, 1876Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Coenonycha have been recorded from California Literature Records: San Clemente : 207Digitized Records: San Clemente Range: Endemic .Lupinus (Fabaceae) species during March Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 187Digitized Records: Santa Catalina Range: Endemic .Coenonycha rotundata LeConte, 1856 Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 187Digitized Records: Anacapa (1 LACM), Santa Catalina Range: Endemic .C. rotundata (C. clypeata. Adenostoma fasciculatum Hook. & Arn. (Rosaceae).Notes. Early Santa Catalina records of otundata : 155 proCoenonycha santacruzae Evans, 1986Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 82Digitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Endemic .Adenostoma fasciculatum, Cercocarpus traskae Eastw. (Rosaceae), and Artemisia californica Less. (Asteraceae).Notes. Dichelonyx Harris, 1827Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Dichelonyx are known from California .Notes. Seventeen species of Dichelonyx backii Kirby, 1837Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (5 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Dichelonyx fulgida LeConte, 1856Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 155Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .D. f. crotchii Horn, 1876; it was recorded as Dichelonyx crotchi by Notes. The subspecies occurring on the islands is Dichelonyx pusilla LeConte, 1856Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: San Miguel : 155, SaDigitized Records: San Miguel (2 LACM), Santa Cruz (3 LACM), Santa Rosa (2 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .DiplotaxiniNotes. One genus and 22 species of Diplotaxini are known to occur in California .Diplotaxis Kirby, 1837Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Diplotaxis are known to occur in California . The genus was revised in two papers by Notes. Twenty-two species of Diplotaxis fimbriata Fall, 1909Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: San Clemente : 154, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Diplotaxis subangulata LeConte, 1856Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: San Clemente : 154, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente , Santa Cruz (3 LACM), Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .HopliiniNotes. One genus and four species of Hopliini have been recorded from California .Hoplia Illiger, 1803Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Hoplia have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 14Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .MelolonthiniNotes. Five genera and 28 species of Melolonthini have been recorded from California .Amblonoxia Reitter, 1902Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Amblonoxia have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: San Clemente : 124, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (2 SBMNH), San Nicolas (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Thyce blaisdelli Casey by A. palpalis Literature Records (genus-only): San Miguel : 155, SaDigitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 UCSB)Polyphylla have been recorded from California . The genus was revised by Notes. Seventeen species of Polyphylla crinita LeConte, 1856Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 55, SanDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (16 LACM), Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland , 1988.Polyphylla ona von Bloeker, 1939 and the Santa Rosa-endemic Polyphylla santarosae von Bloeker, 1939 by P. crinita by Polyphylla nigra Casey, 1914, Polyphylla martini von Bloeker, 1939, and Polyphylla santacruzae von Bloeker, 1939 under the same name; P. crinita (see entry for P. nigra below).Notes. This species was first recorded from the Channel Islands as the Santa Cruz-endemic Polyphylla nigra Casey, 1914Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 68, SanDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (11 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .P. martini and the Santa Cruz-endemic P. santacruzae by P. crinita by P. nigra. The larva of \u201cP. santacruzae\u201d was reported from \u201cbeneath roots of Eucalyptus, August\u201d Literature Records (genus-only): San Clemente : 87, SanDigitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (4 SBMNH), San Nicolas (11 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (26 SBMNH)Phobetus have been recorded from California . The genus needs revision .Notes. Nine species of lifornia . BarrettPhobetus ciliatus Barrett, 1935Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 187Digitized Records: Santa Catalina Range: Endemic .P. comatus from that island apparently represent P. ciliatus Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 19Digitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Endemic .comatus.\u201d P. comatus, and did not provide any new records or comments on its validity. Cercocarpus betuloides blancheae (C. K. Schneid.) Little. Recorded simply from \u201cChannel Islands, California\u201d by Notes. RhizotroginiNotes. One genus and 11 species of Rhizotrogini are known to occur in California .Phyllophaga Harris, 1827Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Phyllophaga are known from California, belonging to two subgenera, Listrochelus Blanchard, 1851 and Phyllophaga (s.str.) .Notes. Eleven species of Phyllophaga (Listrochelus) mucorea Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: San Clemente : 154Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Listrochelus mucoreus.Notes. Reported by SericiniNotes. One genus and 49 species of Sericini have been recorded from California .Serica MacLeay, 1819Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records (genus-only): San Clemente : 87, SanDigitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 UCSB)Serica have been recorded from California . The genus is under revision by P. Lago .Notes. Forty-nine species of Serica alternata LeConte, 1856Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: San Clemente : 154, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .S. alternata, and Notes. Serica catalina Dawson, 1947Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 187Digitized Records: noneRange: Endemic .Serica cruzi Saylor, 1939Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 19Digitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Endemic .Serica mixta LeConte, 1856Nomenclatural Authority: Evans & Smith (2009)Literature Records: San Clemente : 154, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .ScarabaeinaeNotes. Five tribes, seven genera, and nine species of Scarabaeinae are known to occur in California .Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817Nomenclatural Authority: Smith (2009)Canthon has been recorded from California  simplex LeConte, 1857Nomenclatural Authority: Robinson (1948)Literature Records: San Clemente : 153Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .TrogidaeNotes. This family is represented by two genera and eight species in California . The famTrox Fabricius, 1775Nomenclatural Authority: Smith (2009)Trox have been recorded from California Literature Records: San Clemente : 154Digitized Records: San Clemente (2 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Trox gemmulatus Horn, 1874Nomenclatural Authority: Vaurie (1955)Literature Records: San Clemente : 154Digitized Records: San Clemente Range: Also known from mainland .STAPHYLINOIDEAColonidae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. One genus and 14 species of Colonidae have been recorded from California . Until rColon Herbst, 1797Nomenclatural Authority: Peck & Newton (2017)Colon from California belonging to three subgenera (Colon (s.str.), Eurycolon Ganglbauer, 1899, and Myloechus Latreille, 1806) in their revision of the North American species of the genus.Notes. Colon (Myloechus) forceps Hatch, 1957Nomenclatural Authority: Peck & Newton (2017)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .HydraenidaeNotes. Two subfamilies, five genera, and 49 species of Hydraenidae have been recorded from California . This faHydraeninaeNotes. Two genera and 16 species of Hydraeninae have been recorded from California .Hydraena Kugelann, 1794Nomenclatural Authority: Perkins (1980)Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (6 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (23 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (10 SBMNH)Hydraena have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 485Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Hydraena circulata Perkins, 1980Nomenclatural Authority: Perkins (1980)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 483Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Hydraena vandykei d\u2019Orchymont, 1923Nomenclatural Authority: Perkins (1980)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 493Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .OchthebiinaeNotes. Three genera and 33 species of Ochthebiinae have been recorded from California .Ochthebius Leach, 1815Nomenclatural Authority: Perkins (1980)Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (52 SBMNH), San Miguel (50 SBMNH), San Nicolas (22 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (14 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (30 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (103 SBMNH)Ochthebius have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Ochthebius interruptus LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Perkins (1980)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 250Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Ochthebius puncticollis LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Perkins (1980)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 524Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .LeiodidaeNotes. There are four subfamilies, 19 genera, and 101 species of Leiodidae known from California Notes. A total of 23 species of this genus is known from California , and it Pinodytes gibbosus Peck & Cook, 2011Nomenclatural Authority: Peck & Newton (2017)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 26, SanDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (7 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (36 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Catopocerus Motschulsky, 1870 from Santa Catalina Island; this record presumably refers to this species.Notes. LeiodinaeNotes. Three tribes, 13 genera, and 63 species of Leiodinae have been recorded from California Agathidium have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Agathidium virile Fall, 1901Nomenclatural Authority: Peck & Newton (2017)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (29 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Leiodes Latreille, 1797Nomenclatural Authority: Peck & Newton (2017)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina : 191Leiodes have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Peck & Newton (2017)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Leiodes paludicola Nomenclatural Authority: Peck & Newton (2017)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Ptiliidae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. Two subfamilies, 11 genera, and 29 species of Ptiliidae are known to occur in California .NossidiinaeNotes. Two genera and two species of Nossidiinae are known to occur in California .Motschulskium Matthews, 1872Nomenclatural Authority: Hall (2000)Motschulskium has been recorded from the west coast of North America, including California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (6 SBMNH), San Nicolas (6 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .PtiliinaeNotes. Five tribes, nine genera, and 27 species of Ptiliinae are known to occur in California .AcrotrichiniNotes. Two genera and 11 species of Acrotrichini are known to occur in California .Acrotrichis Motschulsky, 1848Nomenclatural Authority: Hall (2000)Acrotrichis have been recorded from California .Notes. Ten species of Acrotrichis undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)PtenidiiniNotes. One genus and four species of Ptenidiini have been recorded from California .Ptenidium Erichson, 1845Nomenclatural Authority: Hall (2000)Ptenidium have been recorded from California .Notes. Four species of Ptenidium undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (33 SBMNH)PtiliiniNotes. Three genera and nine species of Ptiliini are known to occur in California .Actidium Matthews, 1869Nomenclatural Authority: Hall (2000)Actidium have been recorded from California .Notes. Four species of Actidium undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Ptiliolum Flach, 1888Nomenclatural Authority: Hall (2000)Ptiliolum have been recorded from California in the literature ; this represents a new state record for the genus.Notes. No species of Ptiliolum undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (9 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (38 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (30 SBMNH)PtinelliniNotes. Two genera and two species of Ptinellini are known to occur in California .Pteryx Matthews, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Hall (2000)Pteryx have been recorded from California in the literature ; this represents a new state record for the genus.Notes. No species of Pteryx undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (27 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (24 SBMNH)StaphylinidaeNotes. Twenty-five subfamilies, 306 genera, and, 1,349 species of Staphylinidae are known to occur in California, making it the largest family of beetles in the state . The staphylinid subfamilies Dasycerinae, Euaesthetinae, Micropeplinae, Osoriinae, Proteininae, Scaphidiinae, Steninae, Trichophyinae, and Trigonurinae occur on nearby mainland but no Channel Islands records are known.AleocharinaeOxypoda\u201d was reported from Santa Barbara Island by Notes. Nineteen tribes, 103 genera, and 360 species of this enormously diverse and poorly understood subfamily are known from California . \u201cAleocharinae, genus near AleochariniNotes. Three genera and 36 species of Aleocharini are known to occur in California .Aleochara Gravenhorst, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Aleochara have been recorded from California, belonging to seven subgenera, Aleochara (s.str.), Calochara Casey, 1906, Coprochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874, Echocara Casey, 1906, Emplenota Casey, 1884, Maseochara Sharp, 1883, and Xenochara Mulsant & Rey, 1874 . One specimen from Santa Catalina Island in the H.C. Fall collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University was identified more recently as Aleochara (Emplenota) pacifica  by J. Klimaszewski in 1982 . However, this specimen did not appear in Notes. Thirty-three species of Aleochara (Coprochara) bimaculata Gravenhorst, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: Klimaszewski (1984)Literature Records: San Clemente : 236, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Aleochara (Coprochara) densissima Bernhauer, 1906Nomenclatural Authority: Klimaszewski (1984)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 27Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Aleochara (Coprochara) sulcicollis Mannerheim, 1843Nomenclatural Authority: Klimaszewski (1984)Literature Records: San Miguel : 285, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (5 SBMNH), San Miguel (17 SBMNH), San Nicolas (5 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (4 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (40 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Baryodma sulcicollis by Notes. This species was recorded as Aleochara (Emplenota) curtidens Klimaszewski, 1984Nomenclatural Authority: Klimaszewski (1984)Literature Records: Santa Barbara : 124Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Aleochara curtedens.Notes. Misspelled by Aleochara (Emplenota) littoralis Nomenclatural Authority: Klimaszewski (1984)Literature Records: Santa Barbara : 236, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Polistoma arenaria Casey and Polystoma arenaria from \u201cthe islands off the coast\u201d; P. arenaria was synonymized with A. littoralis by Notes. Aleochara (Maseochara) valida LeConte, 1858Nomenclatural Authority: Klimaszewski (1984)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 107Digitized Records: San Clemente (5 SBMNH), San Miguel (12 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Aleochara (Xenochara) fumata Gravenhorst, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: Klimaszewski (1984)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 53Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was introduced from the Palearctic region .Aleochara (Xenochara) lanuginosa Gravenhorst, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: Klimaszewski (1984)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 50Digitized Records: Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was introduced from the Palearctic region .AthetiniNotes. Twenty-eight genera and 124 species of Athetini are known to occur in California .Acrotona Thomson, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Digitized Records (genus-only): San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH)Acrotona have been reported from California .Notes. Six species of Acrotona recondita Nomenclatural Authority: Klimaszewski et al. (2015)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 136Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Arisota umbrina Casey, 1910, currently a synonym of Ac. recondita Nomenclatural Authority: Gusarov (2003b)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 106Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Strigota (Eustrigota) seclusa Casey, 1911 by A. sonomana by Notes. Reported as the \u201cendemic\u201d Adota Casey, 1910Nomenclatural Authority: Gusarov (2003a)Adota species in North America, two have been reported from California Nomenclatural Authority: Gusarov (2003a)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 11Digitized Records: noneRange: Occurs along much of the west coast of North America, from southern California to Alaska .Atheta Thomson, 1858Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Atheta have been recorded from California .Notes. Sixteen species of Atheta hampshirensis Bernhauer, 1909Nomenclatural Authority: Gusarov (2003b)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Hydrosmecta Thomson, 1858Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Hydrosmecta may occur in California , but the genus has not been recently revised. Several may not be congeneric, and some may be synonyms (Notes. As many as nine species of synonyms .Hydrosmecta undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (20 SBMNH)Pontomalota Casey, 1885Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Pontomalota have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Ahn & Ashe (1992)Literature Records: San Miguel : 352Digitized Records: San Miguel (30 SBMNH), San Nicolas (6 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (7 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Sonomota\u201d Casey, 1911\u201cNomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Atheta (Microdota) Mulsant & Rey, 1873, not of Geostiba Thomson, 1858 as listed by Notes. Currently this genus-group name is a synonym of Sonomota undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (7 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (7 SBMNH)Tarphiota Casey, 1893Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Tarphiota have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Ahn (1996b)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (24 SBMNH), San Nicolas (5 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (29 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (16 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Tarphiota geniculata Nomenclatural Authority: Ahn (1996b)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (9 SBMNH), San Miguel (17 SBMNH), San Nicolas (5 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (10 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (30 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (13 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Thinusa Casey, 1893Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 UCRC)Thinusa have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (2 SBMNH), San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Thinusa maritima Nomenclatural Authority: Ahn (1997)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 80Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .FalagriiniNotes. Six genera and seven species of Falagriini have been recorded from California . The species of Falagriini were revised for North America by Falagriota Casey, 1906Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Falagriota has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Hoebeke (1985)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 304Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (11 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .HomalotiniNotes. Nine genera and 32 species of Homalotini have been recorded from California .Diestota Mulsant & Rey, 1871Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Diestota angustula  and Diestota spissula , have been recorded from California .Notes. Two species, Diestota undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (3 SBMNH), San Miguel (14 SBMNH), San Nicolas (4 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Stictalia Casey, 1906Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Stictalia are all western , Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (15 SBMNH)HypocyphtiniNotes. Three genera and five species of Hypocyphtini are known to occur in California .Holobus Solier, 1849Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Holobus oviformis Casey, 1893, has been recorded from California, from Los Angeles and San Diego counties. It is likely that the undetermined Santa Catalina Island specimen below is referable to this species.Notes: Only one species, Holobus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Oligota Mannerheim, 1830Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Oligota have been recorded from California .Notes: Three of the 10 North American species of Oligota undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (15 SBMNH)LiparocephaliniNotes. Four genera and seven species of Liparocephalini are known to occur in California .Diaulota Casey, 1893Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Diaulota have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .MyllaeniniNotes. Two genera and eight species of Myllaenini have been recorded from California .Bryothinusa Casey, 1904Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Bryothinusa has been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 132Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (8 USNM)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Myllaena Erichson, 1837Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Myllaena have been reported from California (Myllaena from the Channel Islands. The species were revised for North America by Notes. Seven species of lifornia . At leasMyllaena undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (3 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (11 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)OxypodiniNotes. Twenty genera and 78 species of Oxypodini are known to occur in California .Meoticina undetermined genus and speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (8 SBMNH)Gyronycha Casey, 1893, Alisalia Casey, 1911, Apimela Mulsant & Rey, 1874, and Bamona Sharp, 1883 Blepharhymenus have been described from California , Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (10 SBMNH)Oxypoda Mannerheim, 1830Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Oxypoda have been recorded from California .Notes. Twenty-eight species of Oxypoda undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (4 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (15 SBMNH)Phloeopora Erichson, 1837Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Phloeopora have been reported from California (Notes: Two of the eight North American species of the cosmopolitan genus lifornia .Phloeopora undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)TachyusiniNotes. Seven genera and 27 species of Tachyusini are known to occur in California .Gnypeta Thomson, 1858Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Notes: Eighteen species of this large, widespread genus have been reported from California , but theGnypeta undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)HabrocerinaeNotes. The subfamily Habrocerinae, which contains one genus and species in California, was revised by Habrocerus Erichson, 1839Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Habrocerus occurs in California Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was introduced to North America from the Western Palearctic .LeptotyphlinaeNotes. The subfamily Leptotyphlinae contains seven genera and 12 described species in California .Leptotyphlinae undetermined genus and speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH).Notes. The two specimen lots recorded above from SBMNH are currently housed in ethanol tubes and collectively represent >30 specimens. A large number of undescribed species of Leptotyphlinae are known to occur in California ; the Channel Island specimens are almost certainly undescribed.MycetoporinaeNotes. This subfamily was recently split from Tachyporinae by Bryoporus Kraatz, 1857Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Bryoporus has been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 304Digitized Records: San Clemente (32 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Lordithon Thomson, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Lordithon have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (7 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .L. t. thoracicus , is the only subspecies occurring in California Mycetoporus have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Omaliinae: OmaliiniNotes. Five tribes, 33 genera, and 95 species of Omaliinae are known to occur in California, with 10 genera and 22 species of Omaliini known to occur in the state Omalium have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .O. algarum occurs along much of the West Coast of North America, from southern California to British Columbia Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina : 392Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Bledius have been recorded from California Literature Records: San Miguel : 123, SaDigitized Records: San Miguel (16 SBMNH), San Nicolas (3 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (11 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Bledius fenyesi Bernhauer & Schubert, 1911Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: San Miguel : 164, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (7 SBMNH), San Miguel (38 SBMNH), San Nicolas (3 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (7 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (19 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (10 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Bledius opacifrons LeConte, 1877Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (6 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (16 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Bledius ruficornis LeConte, 1863Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: San Clemente : 128Digitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (11 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .OxyteliniNotes. Ten genera and 42 species of Oxytelini have been recorded from California Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (15 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (20 SBMNH)Aploderus have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Haploderus flavipennis.Notes. Reported by Apocellus Erichson, 1839Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Apocellus have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Carpelimus Leach, 1819Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Carpelimus have been recorded from California (Notes. Thirteen species of lifornia .Carpelimus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas (3 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (19 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Platystethus Mannerheim, 1830Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Platystethus have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Thinobius Kiesenwetter, 1844Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Thinobius have been recorded from California (Notes. Six species of lifornia .Thinobius undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (10 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (8 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (41 SBMNH)Paederinae: PaederiniNotes. Two tribes, 19 genera, and 101 species of Paederinae are known to occur in California, of which 17 genera and 99 species belong to Paederini .Astenus Dejean, 1833Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Notes. This genus contains 24 species in North America ; four ofAstenus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Lobrathium Mulsant & Rey, 1878Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (35 SBMNH)Lobrathium have been recorded from California .Notes. Seven species of Lobrathium jacobinum Nomenclatural Authority: Casey (1905)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 237Range: Also known from mainland .Lathrobium jacobinum.Notes. Reported by Medon Stephens, 1833Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Medon have been recorded from California . Medon from Santa Cruz Island.Notes. Twenty-eight species of Medon undetermined speciesLiterature Records: Santa Cruz : 304Digitized Records: San Clemente (18 SBMNH), San Miguel (3 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (4 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (80 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (51 SBMNH)Orus Casey, 1884Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Orus have been recorded from California Notes. The one SBMNH specimen from Santa Cruz Island cited above appears to be a female, and therefore not determinable to species using the keys of Sunius Stephens, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Barbara : 124, SaSunius have been recorded from California . The genus-only record reported by Caloderma sp.\u201d was presumably a species different from S. mobilis or S. reductus, which were reported in the same publication. The former record is presumably in reference to a specimen in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University that was later identified by H.C. Fall as Sunius exilis  . The species reported by Sunius cuneicollis ; they noted that the genus needed revision.Notes. Fourteen species of Sunius mobilis Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Caloderma mobile.Notes. Reported by Sunius reductus Nomenclatural Authority: Newton et al. (2000)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Caloderma reductum.Notes. Reported by PselaphinaeNotes. Twelve tribes, 35 genera, and 255 species of Pselaphinae are known to occur in California Actium have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Grigarick & Schuster (1971)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 191Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Quercus agrifolia N\u00e9e (Fagaceae) lying close to small, intermittent streams during the spring.Notes. Actium vestigialis Caterino & Chandler, 2010Nomenclatural Authority: Caterino & Chandler (2010)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 188Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (5 SBMNH)Range: Endemic .FaroniniNotes. Two genera and 34 species of Faronini have been recorded from California .Sonoma Casey, 1886Nomenclatural Authority: Chandler (1997)Literature Records (genus-only): San Clemente : 191, SaDigitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (27 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (6 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Sonoma have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Ferro (2016)Literature Records: San Clemente : 49, SanDigitized Records: San Clemente (7 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .TrogastriniNotes. Three genera and 37 species of Trogastrini have been recorded from California Oropus have been recorded from California Oropus in leaf litter on Santa Catalina and Santa Cruz islands.Notes. TychiniNotes. Two genera and 22 species of Tychini have been recorded from California Hesperotychus have been recorded from California . The species were revised by Notes. Thirteen species of Hesperotychus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: Santa Catalina : 191Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Notes. PseudopsinaePseudopsis has been identified from the Channel Islands, though Nanobius serricollis , which occurs in the southern California coast ranges Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina : 237Pseudopsis have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 304Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (15 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Pseudopsis sp.\u201d. The voucher in SBMNH was examined and this represents P. minuta.Notes. ScydmaeninaeNotes. Five tribes, 13 genera, and 57 species of Scydmaeninae are known to occur in California .CephenniiniNotes. Two genera and nine species of Cephenniini are known to occur in California Cephennium have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 191Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (9 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cephennium was reported from Santa Catalina Island by Notes. Only the genus GlandulariiniNotes. Seven genera and 41 species of Glandulariini have been recorded from California .Brachycepsis Brendel, 1889Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Keefe (2000)Brachycepsis have been recorded from California . Species of this genus are currently unidentifiable, as there are several undescribed species and the last treatment is over 120 years old , Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Euconnus Thomson, 1862Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Keefe (2000)Euconnus have been recorded from California, belonging to two subgenera, Drastophus Casey, 1897 and Napochus Thomson, 1862 .Notes. Seven species of Euconnus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (24 SBMNH)Euconnus observed from the Channel Islands belong to the subgenus Drastophus. Based on morphology, there are at least two species represented among this material, and probably more.Notes. All members of Stenichnus Thomson, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Keefe (2000)Notes. There are several described species of this genus in North America, and the latest treatment is over 120 years old see . UndescrStenichnus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: Santa Catalina : 191Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH)SilphinaeNotes. Long known as the family Silphidae, this group was recently made a subfamily of Staphylinidae . There aNicrophoriniNotes. One genus and four species of Nicrophorini have been recorded from California .Nicrophorus Fabricius, 1775Nomenclatural Authority: Sikes, Madge & Newton (2002)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (2 EMEC)Nicrophorus have been recorded from California Literature Records: San Clemente (Digitized Records: San Clemente (1 LACM), Santa Catalina (2 LACM), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Nicrophorus marginatus Fabricius, 1801Nomenclatural Authority: Sikes, Madge & Newton (2002)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Nicrophorus in North America, only one specimen has been reported from the Channel Islands, collected in 1985.Notes. While this is the most widespread species of Nicrophorus nigrita Mannerheim, 1843Nomenclatural Authority: Sikes, Madge & Newton (2002)Literature Records: Anacapa : 124, SaDigitized Records: Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Necrophorus pustulatus var. nigritus, and reported it from \u201cboth islands\u201d (presumably San Clemente and Santa Rosa). Notes. SilphiniNotes. Three genera and five species of Silphini have been recorded from California .Heterosilpha Portevin, 1926Nomenclatural Authority: Peck & Miller (1993)Heterosilpha have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Peck & Miller (1993)Literature Records: San Miguel : 93, SanDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 UCRC), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Silpha ramosa.Notes. Thanatophilus Leach, 1815Nomenclatural Authority: Peck & Miller (1993)Thanatophilus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Peck & Miller (1993)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 236Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Silpha lapponica. Notes. StaphylininaeNotes. Three tribes, 35 genera, and 232 species of Staphylininae are known to occur in California Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (19 SBMNH)Heterothops have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 304Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (43 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Heterothops fusculus LeConte, 1863Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Heterothops californicus LeConte, 1863, now considered a synonym of H. californicus Erichsonius have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236Digitized Records: San Miguel (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (9 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Actobius puncticeps.Notes. Staphylinini: PhilonthinaNotes. Six genera and 100 species of Philonthina are known to occur in California Belonuchus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (2 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Bisnius Stephens, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Bisnius have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (7 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Bisnius sordidus Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. The distribution map in Cafius Curtis, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Cafius have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 285, SaDigitized Records: San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Cruz (7 SBMNH), Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Cafius lithocharinus Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 392, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (9 SBMNH), San Miguel (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas (5 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (47 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cafius luteipennis Horn, 1884Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 192, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (7 SBMNH), San Miguel (6 SBMNH), San Nicolas (5 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (5 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (14 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (11 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cafius opacus Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Cafius seminitens Horn, 1884Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: San Miguel : 185, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (6 SBMNH), San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Cafius sulcicollis Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 195, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Gabrius Stephens, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Digitized Records (genus-only): San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Gabrius have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236Digitized Records: San Nicolas (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Philonthus nigritulus by Notes. This species was recorded as Neobisnius Ganglbauer, 1895Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Neobisnius have been recorded from California Literature Records: San Clemente : 49Digitized Records: San Clemente , Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Neobisnius sobrinus Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Neobisnius terminalis Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Philonthus Stephens, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Philonthus have been recorded from California . The species were revised for North America by Notes. Fifty-two species of Philonthus cruentatus Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 285Digitized Records: Santa Barbara (1 LACM), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Philonthus cruentus\u201d.Notes. Species introduced from the Palearctic . CockerePhilonthus davus Smetana, 1995Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Philonthus flavolimbatus Erichson, 1840Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Philonthus hepaticus Erichson, 1840Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Philonthus lecontei Horn, 1884Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 236Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Philonthus longicornis Stephens, 1832Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 236Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was introduced from the Palearctic region .Philonthus quadrulus Horn, 1884Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Philonthus triangulum Horn, 1884Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 340Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Staphylinini: QuediinaNotes. Two genera and 40 species of Quediina have been recorded from California Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz : 304Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Quedius have been recorded from California, belonging to five subgenera, Distichalius Casey, 1915, Microsaurus Dejean, 1833, Paraquedius Casey, 1915, Quedius (s.str.), and Raphirus Stephens, 1829 . The species were revised for North America by Quedius sp.\u201d from the Q. limbifer or Q. (Microsaurus) pellax Smetana, 1971.Notes. Thirty-nine species of Quedius (Microsaurus) limbifer Horn, 1878Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 113Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Staphylinini: StaphylininaNotes. Eight genera and 14 species of Staphylinina are known to occur in California Creophilus has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Clarke (2011)Literature Records: San Clemente : 68, SanDigitized Records: San Clemente , Santa Cruz (8 SBMNH), Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .C. villosus by Creophilus m. villosus  is the only subspecies of C. maxillosus  over most of North America Hadrotes has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: San Clemente : 278, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), San Clemente (11 SBMNH), San Miguel , San Nicolas (13 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (12 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (13 SBMNH), Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Tasgius Stephens, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Tasgius have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: San Miguel : 124, SaDigitized Records: San Miguel (2 SBMNH), San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Staphylinus ater (Gravenhorst) from Suaeda (Amaranthaceae) by Notes. Introduced to North America from Europe . RecordeThinopinus LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Thinopinus is known Literature Records: San Miguel : 278, SaDigitized Records: San Miguel (12 SBMNH), San Nicolas , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH), Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .XantholininiNeohypnus picipennis , was captured by Scott Miller during the 1980s, but no specimen was located to substantiate this record .Notes. Fourteen genera and 55 species of Xantholinini are known to occur in California . The speLinohesperus Smetana, 1982Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (2 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (16 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Linohesperus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 304Digitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Linohesperus cuspifer Smetana, 1982Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 545Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland , 1988.Nudobius Thomson, 1860Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Nudobius has been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Tachyporinaei.e., the previous tribe \u201cMycetoporini\u201d excluded as a separate subfamily) by Notes. Three tribes, eight genera, and 32 species of Tachyporinae are known to occur in California . This subfamily was recently restricted .Nitidotachinus Campbell, 1993Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Nitidotachinus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Tachinus Gravenhorst, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Tachinus have been recorded from California . Additional species of Tachinus are likely to occur on the Channel Islands. The genus was revised for North America by Notes. Ten species of Tachinus debilis Horn, 1877Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (9 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .TachyporiniNotes. Three genera and 11 species of Tachyporini have been recorded from California .Palporus Campbell, 1979Nomenclatural Authority: Yamamoto (2021)Palporus occurs in California ; the subgenus was subsequently elevated to genus by Notes. Only one species of lifornia . This gePalporus nitidulus Nomenclatural Authority: Yamamoto (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Sepedophilus Gistel, 1856Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Sepedophilus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (25 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (14 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Tachyporus Gravenhorst, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: Herman (2001)Literature Records (genus-only): San Miguel : 550Tachyporus have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas (4 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (17 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .BOSTRICHOIDEABostrichidaeNotes. Five subfamilies, 19 genera, and 35 species of Bostrichidae are known to occur in California . The works of BostrichinaeNotes. Four tribes, 10 genera, and 15 species of Bostrichinae are known to occur in California .BostrichiniNotes. Four genera and seven species of Bostrichini are known to occur in California .Amphicerus LeConte, 1861Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Amphicerus are known to occur in California . The species were keyed by Notes. Three species of Amphicerus cornutus Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (4 LACM), Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .XyloperthiniNotes. Four genera and six species of Xyloperthini have been recorded from California .Scobicia Lesne, 1901Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Scobicia are known to occur in California Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 111Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Sinoxylon declive. Notes. Scobicia suturalis Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .DinoderinaeNotes. Four genera and eight species of Dinoderinae are known to occur in California .Stephanopachys Waterhouse, 1888Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Stephanopachys have been reported from California . The species were keyed out by Notes. Four species of Stephanopachys substriatus Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (11 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .LyctinaeNotes. Two genera and six species of Lyctinae have been recorded from California .Lyctus Fabricius, 1792Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Notes. Five species have been reported from California . These wLyctus cavicollis LeConte, 1866Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (7 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Lyctus linearis Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is cosmopolitan .Lyctus planicollis LeConte, 1858Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Lyctus carbonarius Waltl, 1832 by L. carbonarius as valid with priority over L. planicollis.Notes. This species was indicated as a synonym of the older PolycaoninaeNotes. Two genera and four species of Polycaoninae have been recorded from California .Melalgus Dejean, 1833Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Melalgus are known from California Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (22 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Polycaon Castelnau, 1836Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Polycaon are known from California Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 144Digitized Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .P. stoutii, Polycaon ovicollis  from Santa Cruz Island. The latter is now considered a junior synonym of the former Psoa are known from California Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (4 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Psoa quadrisignata Nomenclatural Authority: Borowski & W\u0119grzynowicz (2007)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 286Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .DermestidaeNotes. Six subfamilies, 18 genera, and 77 species are known to occur in California Digitized Records (genus-only): Anacapa (9 LACM), San Clemente , Santa Barbara (3 LACM), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (5 YPMC)Dermestes are known to occur in California, belonging to two subgenera, Dermestes (s.str.) and Dermestinus Zantiev, 1967  caninus Germar, 1824Nomenclatural Authority: H\u00e1va & Herrmann (2021)Literature Records: San Clemente : 237, SaDigitized Records: Santa Barbara (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Dermestes mannerheimii LeConte, which is a junior synonym of D. caninus (see Notes. inus see . These tDermestes (Dermestinus) frischi Kugelann, 1792Nomenclatural Authority: Beal (2003)Literature Records: San Clemente : 125, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente , San Miguel (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas (8 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .frischii by Notes. The species epithet was spelled Dermestes (Dermestinus) marmoratus Say, 1823Nomenclatural Authority: H\u00e1va & Herrmann (2021)Literature Records: San Clemente : 237, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 YPMC)Range: Also known from mainland .Dermestes (Dermestinus) rattus LeConte, 1854Nomenclatural Authority: H\u00e1va & Herrmann (2021)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 237Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Dermestes tristis by D. rattus occurring on the islands is D. r. tristis Fall, 1897.Notes. This species was recorded as Dermestes (Dermestinus) talpinus Mannerheim, 1843Nomenclatural Authority: H\u00e1va & Herrmann (2021)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 143Digitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .MegatominaeNotes. Two tribes, seven genera, and 42 species of Dermestidae are known to occur in California Anthrenus have been reported from California, belonging to four subgenera, Anthrenops Reitter, 1881, Anthrenus (s.str.), Florilinus Mulsant & Rey, 1868, and Nathrenus Casey, 1900  lepidus LeConte, 1854Nomenclatural Authority: H\u00e1va & Herrmann (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Anthrenus (Nathrenus) verbasci Nomenclatural Authority: H\u00e1va & Herrmann (2021)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 286Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 iNat)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This is a cosmopolitan species .MegatominiNotes. Six genera and 32 species of Megatomini are known to occur in California Cryptorhopalum have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: H\u00e1va & Herrmann (2021)Literature Records: Santa Cruz (Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (18 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cryptorhopalum triste LeConte, 1854Nomenclatural Authority: H\u00e1va & Herrmann (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Megatoma Herbst, 1791Nomenclatural Authority: H\u00e1va & Herrmann (2021)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Rosa (6 SBMNH)Megatoma have been reported from California, distributed among two subgenera, Megatoma (s.str.) and Pseudohadrotoma Kal\u00edk, 1957  variegata Nomenclatural Authority: H\u00e1va & Herrmann (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (11 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Trogoderma Dejean, 1821Nomenclatural Authority: H\u00e1va & Herrmann (2021)Trogoderma have been reported from California Literature Records: Santa Barbara : 125, SaDigitized Records: Santa Barbara (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (4 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .T. sternale present on the islands is the nominate subspecies, T. s. sternale Jayne, 1882 . The family Ptinidae in the modern sense corresponds with the combined former concepts of Anobiidae and Ptinidae. The species (excluding Ptininae) were cataloged for North America by AnobiinaeNotes. Seven tribes, 13 genera, and 31 species of Anobiinae are known to occur in California .AnobiiniNotes. Three genera and seven species of Anobiini are known to occur in California .Hemicoelus LeConte, 1861Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Hemicoelus are known to occur in California, including three previously reported Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .new state record for California.Notes. This species represents a ColposterniniNotes. One species of Colposternini has been recorded from California .Colposternus Fall, 1905Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Colposternus has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 191Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Trypopitys tenuilineata; Colposternus.Notes. EuceratoceriniNotes. Two or three genera and 10 or 11 species of Euceratocerini have been recorded from California Actenobius has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Euceratocerus LeConte, 1874Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Euceratocerus have been reported from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 238Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Ptilinus basalis LeConte, 1858, in the H.C. Fall collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University . This species was not mentioned in Notes. This species is otherwise reported only from Texas, with all other species of the genus being from points farther east , castingHadrobregminiNotes. Two genera and three species of Hadrobregmini have been recorded from California .Priobium Motschulsky, 1845Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Priobium has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 286Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 iNat), Santa Cruz (7 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Trypopitys punctatus.Notes. StegobiiniNotes. Two genera and five species of Stegobiini are known to occur in California .Oligomerus Redtenbacher, 1849Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Oligomerus are known to occur in California, including one putatively undescribed species . Oligomerus.Notes. Four species of Oligomerus delicatulus Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Stegobium Motschulsky, 1860Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Stegobium is known to occur in California .Notes. One species of Stegobium paniceum Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This pest species, known as the drugstore beetle, has been introduced around the world.DorcatominaeNotes. Three tribes, five genera, and seven species of Dorcatominae are known to occur in California .DorcatominiNotes. Three genera and five species of Dorcatomini are known to occur in California .Byrrhodes LeConte, 1878Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Byrrhodes have been recorded from California, including one putatively undescribed species . Notes. Two species of Byrrhodes ulkei Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Byrrhodes from specimens collected on the coastal side of the Santa Ynez Mountains in Santa Barbara County; the above record of B. ulkei possibly represents this species.Notes. In the SBMNH collection, T.K. Philips identified a possible new species of PetaliiniNotes. One species of Petaliini has been recorded from California .Petalium LeConte, 1861Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Petalium has been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .ErnobiinaeNotes. Three tribes, seven genera, and 27 species of Ernobiinae are known to occur in California Ernobius are known to occur in California, including one putatively undescribed species . The species of this genus were keyed for California by Notes. Seventeen species of Ernobius debilis LeConte, 1865Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 131Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was considered endemic to Santa Cruz Island by Ernobius punctulatus Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 144Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .OzognathiniNotes. Two genera and three species of Ozognathini have been recorded from California .Ozognathus LeConte, 1861Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Ozognathus has been reported from California Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 iNat), Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Xarifa Fall, 1905Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Xarifa lobata Fall, 1929, was subsequently described from mainland California Literature Records: San Clemente : 20, SanDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (12 SBMNH)Range: Endemic .XestobiiniNotes. Two genera and five species of Xestobiini have been recorded from California .Xestobium Motschulsky, 1845Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Xestobium have been reported from California Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: Santa Barbara : 123Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Hemizonia (Asteraceae) on Santa Barbara Island by Notes. Reported from EucradinaeNotes. Only one genus, belonging to the tribe Hedobiini, and three species of Eucradinae have been recorded from California .Ptinomorphus Mulsant & Rey, 1868Nomenclatural Authority: Zahradn\u00edk & H\u00e1va (2014)Ptinomorphus have been reported from California .Notes. Three species of Ptinomorphus granosus Nomenclatural Authority: Zahradn\u00edk & H\u00e1va (2014)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Hedobia granosa.Notes. This species was previously known as MesocoelopodinaeNotes. Only one genus, belonging to the tribe Tricorynini, and 20 species of Mesocoelopodinae have been recorded from California .Tricorynus Waterhouse, 1849Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records (genus-only): Anacapa (2 SBMNH), San Clemente (5 SBMNH), San Nicolas (2 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (7 SBMNH)Tricorynus have been recorded from California . This genus was revised for North America by Notes. Twenty species of Tricorynus nubilus Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 333Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland , 1982.Tricorynus obsoletus Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 238Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Hemiptychus obsoletus with a question mark.Notes. PtilininaeNotes. Only one genus, belonging to the tribe Ptilinini, and four species of Ptilininae have been recorded from California .Ptilinus M\u00fcller, 1764Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Ptilinum have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Euceratocerus hornii above.Notes. See Notes for Ptininae: PtininiNotes. Four tribes, six genera, and 23 species of Ptininae, including three genera and 19 species of Ptinini, are known to occur in California .Ptinus Linnaeus, 1766Nomenclatural Authority: Papp & Okumura (1959)Ptinus have been recorded from California, distributed among three subgenera, Gynopterus Mulsant & Rey, 1868, Ptinus (s.str.), and Tectoptinus Iablokoff-Khnzorian & Karapetyan, 1986 (P. agnatus (see below).Notes. Fifteen species of an, 1986 . The keyan, 1986 : 303 recPtinus (Gynopterus) fallax Fall, 1905Nomenclatural Authority: Papp & Okumura (1959)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .Ptinus (Ptinus) agnatus Fall, 1905Nomenclatural Authority: Papp & Okumura (1959)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (13 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Ptinus\u201d from Notes. The Santa Cruz Island specimen of \u201cXyletininaeNotes. Two tribes, six genera, and 29 species of Xyletininae have been recorded from California .Lasioderma Stephens, 1835Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Lasioderma are known to occur in California .Notes. Two species of Lasioderma serricorne Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (15 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This cosmopolitan pest is known as the cigarette beetle.XyletininiNotes. Four genera and 24 species of Xyletinini have been recorded from California .Euvrilletta Fall, 1905Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Euvrilletta have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 187Digitized Records: noneRange: Endemic .Oligomerodes catalinae Fall; the genus Oligomerodes Fall was subsequently synonymized with Euvrilletta Fall by Oligomerus? new species\u201d represent this species. Adults were collected from foliage of Heteromeles arbutifolia (Lindl.) M.Roem. (Rosaceae) (Notes. osaceae) .Euvrilletta occidentalis Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Vrilletta LeConte, 1874Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Vrilletta have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 286Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (11 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Xyletinus Latreille, 1809Nomenclatural Authority: White (1982)Xyletinus have been recorded from California (Notes. Six species of lifornia . White (Xyletinus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Xyletinus rotundicollis White, 1977 in Notes. The single SBMNH specimen roughly keys to CLEROIDEAByturidaeNotes. Two genera and two species are known from California . SpringeXerasia Lewis, 1895Nomenclatural Authority: Springer & Goodrich (1991)Xerasia is known from North America Nomenclatural Authority: Springer & Goodrich (1991)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 303Digitized Records: San Miguel (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Byturus grisescens, and by Byturellus grisescens.Notes. This species was recorded by CleridaeNotes. Four subfamilies, 18 genera, and about 88 species of Cleridae are known from California .ClerinaeNotes. Five tribes, six genera and 43 species of Clerinae are known to occur in California . This subfamily was recently redefined and reclassified by DieropsiniNotes. One genus and four species of Dieropsini are known to occur in California .Trichodes Herbst, 1792Nomenclatural Authority: Wolcott (1947)Trichodes are known from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .T. ornatus occurring in coastal California is T. o. douglasianus White, 1849 .Phyllobaenus Dejean, 1837Nomenclatural Authority: Wolcott (1947)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz Phyllobaenus are known to occur in California . The two SBMNH specimens from Santa Cruz are vouchers for the Notes. Fifteen species of Phyllobaenus funebris Nomenclatural Authority: Wolcott (1947)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (14 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Phyllobaenus scaber Nomenclatural Authority: Wolcott (1947)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .KorynetinaeNotes. Six genera and 13 species of Korynetinae are known to occur in California .Loedelia Lucas, 1920Nomenclatural Authority: Wolcott (1947)Loedelia is known from California Nomenclatural Authority: Wolcott (1947)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Necrobia Olivier, 1795Nomenclatural Authority: Wolcott (1947)Necrobia are known from California . Although these have long been thought to be introductions to North America from other parts of the world, evidence presented from tar pit material by Necrobia violacea .Notes. Three species of Necrobia ruficollis Nomenclatural Authority: Papp (1959)Literature Records: San Clemente : 130Digitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Corynetes ruficollis. This is a cosmopolitan species Nomenclatural Authority: Papp (1959)Literature Records: San Clemente : 238, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (9 LACM), San Clemente , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland . This isTillinaeNotes. Six genera and 32 species of Tillinae are known to occur in California Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 UCRC)Cymatodera have been recorded from California .Notes. Twenty-five species of the genus Cymatodera angustata Spinola, 1844Nomenclatural Authority: Burke, Leavengood & Zolnerowich (2015)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 238Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .C. caterinoi.Notes. This flightless species was not reported from the islands by Cymatodera caterinoi Rifkind & Burke, 2019Nomenclatural Authority: Rifkind (2019)Literature Records: Anacapa : 556, SaDigitized Records: Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Endemic .Notes. Flightless .Cymatodera insularis Rifkind, 2019Nomenclatural Authority: Rifkind (2019)Literature Records: San Clemente : 553, SaDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH)Range: Endemic .Notes. Flightless .Cymatodera ovipennis LeConte, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Burke, Leavengood & Zolnerowich (2015)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 129Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .MelyridaeNotes. Two subfamilies, 29 genera, and 302 species of Melyridae are known to occur in California .DasytinaeNotes. Two tribes, 19 genera, and 211 species of Dasytinae are known to occur in California .DasytiniNotes. Eight genera and 40 species of Dasytini are known to occur in California .Dasytastes Casey, 1895Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataDigitized Records (genus-only): Anacapa (3 SBMNH), San Clemente (3 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (35 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (24 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Dasytastes is in desperate need of revision. Until this is completed, distributional status and endemicity of the species cannot be determined. Forms from San Clemente Island appear externally divergent.Notes. Like most genera of Dasytinae, Dasytastes catalinae Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataLiterature Records: Santa Catalina : 187Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (12 SBMNH)Range: Endemic .Dasytes catalinae; it was transferred to the genus Dasytastes by Notes. Dasytastes insularis Fall, 1901Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataLiterature Records: Santa Catalina : 20Digitized Records: noneRange: Endemic .Dasytes, sp. nov.\u201d by Notes. Recorded as \u201cDasytes\u201d Paykull, 1799\u201cNomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataDigitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (6 SBMNH)Dasytes will soon receive a generic reassignment; true Dasytes only occurs in the Palearctic region . The North American fauna is in dire need of revision.Notes. The native North American species currently placed in Dasytes clementae Fall, 1901Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataLiterature Records: San Clemente : 20Digitized Records: noneRange: Endemic .Dasytes, sp. nov.\u201d by Notes. Recorded as \u201cEschatocrepis LeConte, 1862Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataNotes. This genus contains only one species in North America .Eschatocrepis constrictus Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataLiterature Records: Santa Catalina : 238, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), San Miguel (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .ListriniNotes. Eleven genera and 171 species of Listrini are known to occur in California .Listrus Motschulsky, 1860Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataLiterature Records (genus-only): San Clemente : 238, SaDigitized Records (genus-only): Anacapa (1 SBMNH), San Clemente , San Miguel (26 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (8 SBMNH)Coreopsis (Asteraceae) on Santa Barbara Island by Notes. Reported from Listrus anacapensis Blaisdell, 1924Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataLiterature Records: Anacapa : 20Digitized Records: noneRange: Endemic .Listrus, was inexplicably moved to the genus Amecocerus by Amecocerus anacapensis by Notes. This species, along with all other Listrus interruptus LeConte, 1866Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataLiterature Records: Santa Cruz : 357Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. Microasydates Gimmel & Mayor, 2022Nomenclatural Authority: Gimmel & Mayor (2022)Notes. This genus contains four species, all of which occur in California . It was Microasydates punctipennis Nomenclatural Authority: Gimmel & Mayor (2022)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 555Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Asydates kumeyaay Mayor & Gimmel, 2019 Literature Records: San Clemente : 556Digitized Records: San Clemente (7 SBMNH)Range: Endemic .Microasydates santabarbara Gimmel & Mayor, 2022Nomenclatural Authority: Gimmel & Mayor (2022)Literature Records: Anacapa : 558, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (9 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (3 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Pseudasydates Blaisdell, 1938Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataPseudasydates contains two currently described species in California, although there are additional species waiting to be described .Notes. The genus Pseudasydates explanatus Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (11 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. The specimens from Santa Catalina Island, collected by George P. Kanakoff (LACM) in 1941, are an unexpected outlier for this otherwise Mojave Desert-Central Valley genus. Effort should be made to recollect it on the island during early spring.Trichochrous Motschulsky, 1860Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataLiterature Records (genus-only): San Miguel : 550, SaTrichochrous from Santa Barbara Island, including from Avena (Poaceae) and Frankenia (Frankeniaceae). Malacothrix .Notes. Trichochrous brevicornis Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (16 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Trichochrous calcaratus Fall, 1934Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataLiterature Records: Anacapa : 20, SanDigitized Records: Anacapa (12 SBMNH), San Miguel (37 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Endemic .Pristoscelis aenescens [= Trichochrous aenescens ] and almost certainly represents T. calcaratus. P. aenescens from \u201cSan Diego and the Islands off Santa Barbara\u201d. Notes. Trichochrous pedalis Nomenclatural Authority: M. L. Gimmel & A. Mayor, 2023, unpublished dataFalls\u2032 1901: 126; Literature Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .Pristoscelis pedalis; it was transferred to Trichochrous by pedalis\u201d below. Pristoscelis quadricollis [= Trichochrous quadricollis ] from Santa Catalina is in error and almost certainly represents this species; he reported that it was collected from Heteromeles arbutifolia. T. pedalis to be endemic to Santa Catalina Island; however, individuals from a population occurring in the Palos Verdes Hills in mainland Los Angeles County have been collected which are not diagnosable from the island populations, neither externally nor using male genitalia, which are otherwise diagnostic within the genus .Notes. Trichochrous undescribed species 1 near brevicornisLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), San Miguel (1 LACM) Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH), Santa Rosa Range: Endemic .Trichochrous\u201d.Notes. In our record set, the identifications of this new species are listed merely as \u201cTrichochrous undescribed species 2 near brevicornisLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas Range: Endemic .Trichochrous\u201d.Notes. In our record set, the identifications of this new species are listed merely as \u201cTrichochrous undescribed species near pedalisLiterature Records: San Clemente : 20, SanDigitized Records: San Clemente (35 SBMNH), San Nicolas , Santa Barbara (18 LACM)Range: Endemic .T. pedalis by Pristoscelis aenescens [= Trichochrous aenescens ] but almost certainly represents this species. In our record set, the identifications of this new species are listed merely as \u201cTrichochrous\u201d.Notes. The San Clemente Island records were recorded as MalachiinaeNotes. Five tribes, 10 genera, and 91 species of Malachiinae are known to occur in California .ApalochriniNotes. One genus and 21 species of Apalochrini are known to occur in California .Collops Erichson, 1840Nomenclatural Authority: A. Mayor Digitized Records (genus-only): San Nicolas (1 SBMNH)Collops have been recorded from California . The genus-only record from San Nicolas Island above refers to a larval specimen.Notes. Twenty-one species of Collops cribrosus LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: A. Mayor Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 237Digitized Records: San Miguel (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (11 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Collops crusoe Fall, 1910 Literature Records: San Nicolas : 20, SanDigitized Records: San Miguel (2 LACM), San Nicolas , Santa Cruz (2 LACM), Santa Rosa (1 LACM)Range: Endemic .Notes. Collops vittatus Nomenclatural Authority: A. Mayor Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Island specimens of both sexes of this species present in SBMNH are fully winged .AttaliniNotes. Three genera and 38 species of Attalini are known to occur in California .Attalus Erichson, 1840Nomenclatural Authority: A. Mayor Attalus are known from California . The two species below may prove to belong to the genus Attalusinus Leng, 1918 (tribe Troglopini) upon further study. The latter genus contains one described species in California .Notes. Seventeen described species of Attalus transmarinus Fall, 1898Nomenclatural Authority: A. Mayor Literature Records: San Clemente : 20Digitized Records: noneRange: Endemic .Attalus subfasciatus Fall, 1897; this was, however, discovered to be a homonym and replaced with A. transmarinus by Attalus falli Champion, 1914 as a replacement name.Notes. Attalus undescribed speciesNomenclatural Authority: A. Mayor Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 iNat)Range: Endemic .Attalus on iNaturalist here , which has been confirmed to belong to an undescribed species .Notes. This record is based on the specimen of Endeodes LeConte, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: A. Mayor Endeodes contains three species recorded from California , all of which are flightless and beach-dwelling, and all of which are represented on the Channel Islands.Notes. The genus Endeodes basalis Nomenclatural Authority: Moore & Legner (1975)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: San Clemente (6 SBMNH), San Miguel (15 SBMNH), San Nicolas (14 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (14 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (9 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Endeodes abdominalis , which is now considered a junior synonym of E. basalis Nomenclatural Authority: Moore & Legner (1975)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 124, SaDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Endeodes from Santa Rosa that was based on one almost entirely black specimen, which may be a color variety of E. collaris.Notes. Endeodes insularis Blackwelder, 1932Nomenclatural Authority: Moore & Legner (1975)Literature Records: San Miguel : 80, SanDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Endeodes taken during July and possessing very minute elytra; this almost certainly refers to E. insularis. This species was originally thought to be endemic to the islands until it was collected on the mainland in Gaviota State Park, Santa Barbara County by Notes. The Santa Catalina record from EbaeiniNotes. Three genera and five species of Ebaeini are known to occur in California .Charopus Erichson, 1840Nomenclatural Authority: A. Mayor Charopus contains two described species known from California , plus the undescribed species below.Notes. The genus Charopus undescribed speciesNomenclatural Authority: A. Mayor Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 78Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Microlipus longicollis . However, according to A. Mayor , the island populations represent an undescribed species of Charopus that also occurs on the mainland.Notes. Recorded by MalachiiniNotes. Two genera and 26 species of Malachiini have been recorded from California .Malachius\u201d Fabricius, 1775\u201cNomenclatural Authority: A. Mayor Malachius have been reported from California . All native North American species currently placed in this genus will soon be reassigned to Hapalorhinus LeConte, 1859.Notes. Twenty-one species of Malachius\u201d undetermined species\u201cLiterature Records: Santa Rosa : 237Digitized Records: noneMalachius has not been recorded from the Channel Islands since Malachius, sp. nov.?\u201d from Santa Rosa . Fall\u2019s original specimens, if still extant, should be reexamined.Notes. The genus Microlipus LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: A. Mayor Microlipus have been reported from California .Notes. Five species of the genus Microlipus laticeps LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: A. Mayor Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (13 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .TrogossitidaeNotes. The family Trogossitidae, as delimited by TrogossitinaeNotes. Six genera and 24 species of Trogossitinae are known to occur in California Temnoscheila, often misspelled Temnochila, contains six species in California Nomenclatural Authority: Kolib\u00e1\u010d (2013)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 84Digitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Temnochila chlorodia.Notes. Tenebroides Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783Nomenclatural Authority: Kolib\u00e1\u010d (2013)Tenebroides contains six species in California .Notes. The genus Tenebroides crassicornis Nomenclatural Authority: Kolib\u00e1\u010d (2013)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 97Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Tenebroides occidentalis Fall, 1910Nomenclatural Authority: Kolib\u00e1\u010d (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .TENEBRIONOIDEAAnthicidaeNotes. Three subfamilies, 20 genera, and 99 species of Anthicidae are known to occur in California .AnthicinaeNotes. Twelve genera and 53 species of Anthicinae are known to occur in California .Amblyderus LaFert\u00e9-S\u00e9nect\u00e8re, 1849Nomenclatural Authority: Chandler (2002)Amblyderus have been recorded from California Literature Records: San Nicolas : 282Digitized Records: San Miguel (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Amblyderus parviceps Casey, 1895Nomenclatural Authority: Chandler (1999)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Anthicus Paykull, 1798Nomenclatural Authority: Chandler (2002)Anthicus are known to occur in California . The species were treated for North America by Notes. Twenty-one species of Anthicus cribratus LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Werner (1964)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 215Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (11 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Anthicus maritimus LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Werner (1964)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (9 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Anthicus nanus LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Werner (1964)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Anthicus punctulatus LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Werner (1964)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (3 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (9 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Anthicus rufulus LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Werner (1964)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cyclodinus Mulsant & Rey, 1866Nomenclatural Authority: Chandler (2002)Cyclodinus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Chandler (2005)Literature Records: San Clemente : 181, SaDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Anthicus californicus LaFert\u00e9-Sen\u00e9ct\u00e8re, 1849. However, this name actually applies to an eastern North American species now placed in the genus Cyclodinus Mulsant & Rey, 1866 Ischyropalpus are known to occur in California . The species of this genus were revised for North America by Notes. Five species of Ischyropalpus nitidulus Nomenclatural Authority: Werner (1973)Literature Records: San Clemente : 239, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 LACM), Santa Catalina (4 LACM), Santa Cruz (20 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Anthicus sp.\u201d, but later redetermined the same specimens in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University to Ischyropalpus sturmi  , California specimens of which are now considered to be I. nitidulus.Notes. Omonadus Mulsant & Rey, 1866Nomenclatural Authority: Chandler (2002)Omonadus have been recorded from California (Anthicus).Notes. Two adventive species of lifornia . The speOmonadus floralis Nomenclatural Authority: Chandler (2002)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 285Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Hemantus floralis, and Anthicus floralis.Notes. This species is introduced from the Old World . CockereNotoxinaeNotes. Two genera and 24 species of Notoxinae have been recorded from California Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina (8 LACM), Santa Rosa Notoxus have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 238Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (8 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (11 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notoxus constrictus Casey, 1895 by N. desertus Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 395Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .CiidaeNotes. Two subfamilies, nine genera, and 27 species of Ciidae have been recorded from California . The NorCiinae: CiiniNotes. Two tribes, eight genera, and 26 species of Ciinae, seven genera and 25 species belonging to Ciini, have been recorded from California .Ceracis Melli\u00e9, 1848Nomenclatural Authority: Lawrence (1982)Ceracis have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Lawrence (1974)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland , 1974.Notes. This widespread species has not been reported from the islands in the literature, but is well-known from coastal California and the western half of North America , 1974.Cis Latreille, 1796Nomenclatural Authority: Lawrence (1982)Cis have been recorded from California , but we know of no additional specimens or literature records from the Channel Islands.Notes. Hadreule Thomson, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Lopes-Andrade et al. (2016)Hadreule has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Lawrence (1974)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland , 1974.Notes. This widespread species and occasional herbarium pest has not been reported from the islands in the literature, but it is well documented from California and the rest of North America , 1974.Orthocis Casey, 1898Nomenclatural Authority: Lawrence (1982)Orthocis has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Lawrence (1974)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (7 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland , 1974.Notes. This widespread species has not been reported from the islands in the literature, but the town of Santa Barbara was cited as a known locality by Sulcacis Dury, 1917Nomenclatural Authority: Lawrence (1982)Sulcacis has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Lawrence (1974)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland , 1974.Notes. This widespread species has not been reported from the islands in the literature, but it is well documented from coastal California and across North America , 1974.MeloidaeNotes. Two subfamilies, 18 genera, and 122 species of Meloidae are known to occur in California .MeloinaeNotes. Twelve genera and 85 species of Meloinae are known to occur in California .Cordylospasta Horn, 1875Nomenclatural Authority: Pinto (1972)Cordylospasta have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Pinto (1972)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 1170Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Epicauta Dejean, 1834Nomenclatural Authority: Pinto (1991)Epicauta (s.str.) and Macrobasis LeConte, 1862 .Notes. Epicauta (Epicauta) puncticollis Mannerheim, 1843Nomenclatural Authority: Pinto (1991)Literature Records: Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Lytta Fabricius, 1775Nomenclatural Authority: Selander (1960)Lytta have been recorded from California, belonging to the subgenera Adicolytta Selander, 1960, Paralytta Selander, 1960, and Poreospasta Horn, 1868 (Notes. Thirty species of Lytta (Poreospasta) stygica Nomenclatural Authority: Selander (1960)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Meloe Linnaeus, 1758Nomenclatural Authority: Pinto & Selander (1970)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina : 239Meloe have been recorded from California, belonging to the subgenera Meloe (s.str.) and Treiodous Dug\u00e8s, 1869 . The species of this genus were monographed for the New World by Meloe sp.\u201d, M. barbarus.Notes. Eleven species of Meloe (Meloe) strigulosus Mannerheim, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Pinto & Selander (1970)Literature Records: San Miguel : 159Digitized Records: San Miguel (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .M. barbarus is not known to occur.Notes. Triungulin larvae of this species have been reported as phoretic both on flower-visiting bee hosts and other taxa such as flies to travel from flower to flower . It is wMeloe (Treiodous) barbarus LeConte, 1861Nomenclatural Authority: Pinto & Selander (1970)Literature Records: San Clemente : 128, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (3 LACM), San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (2 LACM), Santa Cruz (1 UCRC), Santa Rosa (1 UCRC)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species, originally described from Santa Barbara Island and thought to be endemic, was shown to be widespread in the Pacific coast states by MordellidaeMordellistena have changed significantly since those publications.Notes. Two tribes, four genera, and twenty-six species of Mordellidae are known to occur in California Mordella have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Mordella hubbsi Liljeblad, 1922Nomenclatural Authority: Liljeblad (1945)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 304Digitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .MordellisteniniNotes. Three genera and 23 species of Mordellistenini are known to occur in California .Mordellina Schilsky, 1908Nomenclatural Authority: Lisberg (2003)Mordellina have been recorded from California (Notes. Six species now placed in lifornia .Mordellina undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (10 SBMNH), San Miguel (6 LACM), San Nicolas (9 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (3 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (5 SBMNH)Mordellina from Mordellistena in the SBMNH collection were those outlined by Mordellistena to Mordellina. Because of this issue and the lack of a modern revision, no attempt was made to determine these specimens to species.Notes. Characters used to separate putative species of Mordellistena Costa, 1854Nomenclatural Authority: Bright (1986)Mordellistena are known to occur in California .Notes. Sixteen species currently placed in Mordellistena undetermined speciesLiterature Records: Santa Barbara : 128, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (6 SBMNH), San Clemente (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (2 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (7 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Mordellistena from Santa Catalina; Mordellistena nubila , Mordellistena ruficeps LeConte, 1862, and Mordellistena subfucus Liljeblad, 1945. MLG notes that there are at least four morphospecies of Mordellistena represented among island material in SBMNH, including an undescribed apterous species based on four specimens from San Clemente (1), San Nicolas (1), and Santa Barbara (2) islands.Notes. Mycetophagidae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. Two subfamilies, four genera, and seven species of Mycetophagidae have been recorded from California . The NorMycetophaginaeNotes. Three genera and six species of Mycetophaginae have been recorded from California .Litargus Erichson, 1846Nomenclatural Authority: Young (2002)Litargus has been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This is a cosmopolitan species , but is Mycetophagus Hellwig, 1792Nomenclatural Authority: Young (2002)Mycetophagus have been recorded from California, belonging to three subgenera, Gratusus Casey, 1900, Mycetophagus (s.str.), and Parilendus Casey, 1900  pluriguttatus LeConte, 1856Nomenclatural Authority: Parsons (1975)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Typhaea Curtis, 1830Nomenclatural Authority: Young (2002)Typhaea has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Parsons (1975)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 iNat)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This is a cosmopolitan species , presumaMycteridaeNotes. Three subfamilies, three genera, and six species of Mycteridae have been recorded from California .EurypinaeNotes. One genus and species of Eurypinae has been recorded from California .Lacconotus LeConte, 1862Nomenclatural Authority: Pollock & Majka (2012)Lacconotus has been recorded from California, belonging to the subgenus Alcconotus Pollock & Majka, 2012 (Notes. One species of Lacconotus (Alcconotus) pinicola Horn, 1879Nomenclatural Authority: Pollock & Majka (2012)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 21, SanDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Oedemeridae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. Two subfamilies, 13 genera, and 33 species of Oedemeridae are known to occur in California . Most of the North American fauna of Oedemeridae was treated by OedemerinaeNotes. Eleven genera and 31 species of Oedemerinae are known to occur in California .AscleriniNotes. Eight genera and 24 species of Asclerini are known to occur in California .Copidita LeConte, 1866Nomenclatural Authority: Arnett (1951)Copidita has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Arnett (1951)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (2 SBMNH), San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This is a widespread beach-dwelling species on the Pacific coast of North America .NacerdiniNotes. Two genera and five species of Nacerdini have been recorded from California .Nacerdes Dejean, 1834Nomenclatural Authority: Arnett (1951)Nacerdes has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Arnett (1951)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Known as the wharf borer, this species is adventive in North America, and probably occurs on coasts worldwide .Xanthochroa Schmidt, 1846Nomenclatural Authority: Arnett (1951)Xanthochroa have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (8 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species, described from Marin County, is known from California and Oregon .Pyrochroidae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. Four subfamilies, five genera, and 35 species of Pyrochroidae are known to occur in California .PedilinaeNotes. One genus and 25 species of Pedilinae are known to occur in California .Pedilus Fischer von Waldheim, 1820Nomenclatural Authority: Bouchard et al. (2011)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz Pedilus are known to occur in California . Most of the California species of this genus were treated by Notes. Twenty-five species of Pedilus bardii Nomenclatural Authority: Abdullah (1966)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Salpingidae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. This family is currently divided into seven subfamilies worldwide and its composition has changed dramatically and often over the last century. Five subfamilies, six genera, and 14 species are known to occur in California .SalpinginaeNotes. Two genera and two or three species of Salpinginae are known to occur in California .Rhinosimus Latreille, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: Bouchard et al. (2011)Rhinosimus has a Holarctic distribution.Notes. One or two species of this genus have been reported from California . The North American species were treated by Rhinosimus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH)Rhinosimus is known from coastal habitats from Alaska south, with the Santa Cruz records representing the southernmost extent of its range known to us.Notes. ScraptiidaeNotes. This family is divided into two subfamilies, Anaspidinae and Scraptiinae, both occurring in California; the former was historically included in Mordellidae , while tAnaspidinaeNotes. Four genera and 17 species of Anaspidinae have been recorded from California . These were treated for North America by Anaspis Geoffroy, 1762Nomenclatural Authority: Pollock (2002)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (14 SBMNH)Anaspis have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Anaspis collaris LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Liljeblad (1945)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 216Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Pentaria Mulsant, 1856Nomenclatural Authority: Pollock (2002)Pentaria have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Liljeblad (1945)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 238Digitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (7 SBMNH), Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Pentaria trifasciata nubila  as a variety representing a color morph. Pentaria nubila. We have seen specimens from Santa Cruz Island corresponding to both color morphs in the sense of Notes. TenebrionidaeNotes. This family has a recent and reliable catalog for North America by AlleculinaeNotes. Six genera and 33 species of Alleculinae, all belonging to the tribe Alleculini, have been recorded from California . \u201cAllecuHymenorus Mulsant, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz : 304Notes. This genus was last revised by Hymenorus infuscatus Casey, 1891Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 186Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Hymenorus specimens from the Channel Islands, but trust the records given by Fall who completed the last revision of this genus.Notes. The southern California species are difficult to identify. We have not seen any Isomira Mulsant, 1856Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (16 SBMNH), San Nicolas (2 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (9 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (21 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (11 SBMNH)Notes. This genus was revised in the dissertation of Isomira comstocki Papp, 1956Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Cruz :145Digitized Records: Santa Barbara (1 LACM), Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This widespread and variable species is primarily identified by dissected male genitalia.Isomira damnata Marshall, 1970Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. The single Channel Island specimen of this species is a male with extruded genitalia that was reliably determined by J.M. Campbell.Isomira luscitiosa Casey, 1891Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (5 LACM), Santa Rosa (2 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. The specimens representing this species were reliably determined by J.M. Campbell.Isomira variabilis Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: San Clemente : 176Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .I. variabilis, in which he included I. damnata and I. luscitiosa. It is possible that I. variabilis is widespread and known from the coastal habitats of southern California and may well be the correct identification.Notes. Mycetochara Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1827Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina (4 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (7 SBMNH)Notes. Mycetochara pubipennis LeConte, 1878Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 936Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. BlaptinaeNotes. Three tribes, 18 genera, and 122 species of Blaptinae are known to occur in California : Anacapa (1 LACM), San Clemente , San Miguel , San Nicolas (27 LACM), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (31 LACM)Amphidora Eschscholtz, 1829, a current subgenus of Eleodes, are included in the genus-only records above. This large genus of flightless arid-adapted species is restricted to western North America and has its center of diversity in California with 67 species recorded from the state. A possible fossil of Eleodes was reported by Notes. The nomenclaturally unavailable dissertation by Eleodes (Amphidora) littoralis Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 238, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa , San Clemente (5 LACM), San Miguel (3 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (9 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This small, hirsute species is common in leaf litter along the coastal mountain ranges of California.Eleodes (Amphidora) nigropilosa Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 392Digitized Records: Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is common in coastal habitats in California and Baja California.Eleodes (Blapylis) clavicornis Eschscholtz, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (3 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This relatively small species is known from coastal sand dunes.Eleodes (Blapylis) inculta LeConte, 1861Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Anacapa : 21, SanDigitized Records: Anacapa , San Miguel , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Endemic .E. inculta affinis Blaisdell, 1918 was reported from Santa Cruz and San Miguel islands by Eleodes cordata Eschscholtz, 1829 from Santa Cruz Island in the BYUC is here considered to almost certainly represent E. inculta. Eleodes cordata is otherwise not known from southern California.Notes. Eleodes (Blapylis) scabripennis LeConte, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Barbara : 168, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Eleodes (Blapylis) consobrina LeConte, 1851  subvestita Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 21Digitized Records: San Nicolas Range: Endemic .Eleodes and a genitalic dissection belonging to a specimen of another subfamily, and thus was placed into a new monotypic genus and subfamily, before the error was discovered and the species placed correctly into the genus Eleodes subgenus Blapylis Horn, 1870  osculans Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 144, SaDigitized Records: San Miguel (2 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (1 LACM), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cratidus osculans.Notes. This somewhat charismatic beetle is abundant in southern California. Eleodes (Eleodes) acuticauda LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Anacapa : 21, SanDigitized Records: Anacapa , San Clemente , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Barbara (16 LACM), Santa Catalina (5 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .E. dentipes in the vicinity of the city of Santa Barbara; see the remarks under that species. The name Eleodes laticollis LeConte, 1851 was first synonymized with E. acuticauda by E. laticollis apprima Blaisdell, 1921 was erected for the Channel Islands populations and used by E. acuticauda by Notes. The recent revision by Eleodes (Eleodes) dentipes Eschscholtz, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Anacapa : 238, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .E. acuticauda are quite similar and can be difficult to distinguish in the region of Santa Barbara County where the two species distributions meet. These two species and island populations along with the mainland populations need to be carefully considered. The two species are distinguished by E. acuticauda having a much more transverse and strongly rounded pronotum than E. dentipes which reliably separates most species from the northern Central Valley and Bay Area of California from those around San Diego and Los Angeles. These literature records presumably overlap with the digitized records of E. acuticauda, but the species are retained as separate since the last revision (Notes. The recent revision of revision  indicateEleodes (Melaneleodes) carbonaria Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 69Digitized Records: San Clemente (1 LACM), Santa Catalina , Santa Rosa (3 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Eleodes quadricollis Eschscholtz, 1829 by Eleodes omissa forma catalinae Blaisdell, 1909, which was later included within the subspecies concept of Eleodes carbonaria omissa LeConte, 1858 of E. omissa catalinae and E. omissa pygmaea Blaisdell, 1909, both of which are now considered synonyms of E. carbonaria omissa  gigantea Mannerheim, 1843Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species, abundant in the coastal ranges, is known from California and Baja California but has never been reported from the Channel Islands in the literature.OpatriniNotes. Eleven genera and 31 species of Opatrini are known to occur in California Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz : 144Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (13 LACM), Santa Rosa Blapstinus rufipes (= B. discolor) or B. brevicollis. The nomenclaturally unavailable dissertation of Notes. Blapstinus angustus LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SDNHM)Range: Also known from mainland .Mecysmus Horn, 1870, where it has been included since the genus description until recently, when Blapstinus. The species is known from throughout southern California and western Arizona.Notes. This is the type species of the genus Blapstinus brevicollis LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 138, SaDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (9 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is common in southern California and Arizona and has been collected from driftwood : 136. ThBlapstinus discolor Horn, 1870Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 302Digitized Records: San Miguel (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Blapstinus rufipes Casey, 1890 which was synonymized with B. discolor by Notes. This flightless and somewhat variable species is widely distributed throughout the western United States and is a common pest of crops along the southern California coast. Conibius LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Notes. This genus of flightless beetles has two species recorded from California .Conibius seriatus LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species can be commonly found under stones or crawling on the ground at night.Tonibius Casey, 1895Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Notes. This genus is monotypic with its single species known from California .Tonibius sulcatus Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: San Clemente : 172Digitized Records: San Clemente Range: Also known from mainland .Notibius sulcatus, its original combination.Notes. This species is common in arid and coastal habitats in California and Baja California. Ulus Horn, 1870Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Ulus are known from California Nomenclatural Authority: Lumen et al. (2019a)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 144Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is fairly common throughout southern California but the recent revision of DiaperinaeNotes. Five tribes, 13 genera, and 29 species of Diaperinae have been recorded from California .DiaperiniNotes. Eight genera and 15 species of Diaperini have been recorded from California .Platydema Laporte & Brull\u00e9, 1831Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Platydema are recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Platydema oregonense since the time of its description until Notes. This species is widespread throughout the Pacific coastal region and has been recorded as HypophlaeiniNotes. One genus and six species of Hypophlaeini have been recorded from California .Corticeus Piller & Mitterpacher, 1783Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Corticeus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 294Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 OSUC)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This subcortical species is not uncommon in coastal California habitats.PhaleriiniNotes. Two genera and six species of Phaleriini have been recorded from California .Phaleria Latreille, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Notes. This genus inhabits coastal dunes around the world and can be readily found under beach wrack and dead fish. The New World components were revised by Phaleria rotundata LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Anacapa : 284, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (2 LACM), San Clemente (6 SBMNH), San Nicolas , Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (14 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (8 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species has a somewhat restricted range, from northern Baja California through San Francisco, and is the only species of this genus known from the United States Pacific coastline.PimeliinaeNotes. Eleven tribes, 41 genera, and 248 species of Pimeliinae are known to occur in California Batuliodes are known from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This small and relatively infrequently collected species was not recorded from the Channel Islands in the revision by CnemeplatiiniNotes. Two genera and eight species of Cnemeplatiini are known to occur in California .Alaudes Horn, 1870Nomenclatural Authority: Aalbu, Caterino & Smith (2018)Alaudes are the smallest of all known Tenebrionidae from the Channel Islands; they were revised recently by Alaudes are recorded from California Literature Records: San Clemente : 265, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Lepidocnemeplatia Bousquet & Bouchard, 2018Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Lepidocnemeplatia is known from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is widespread in the arid regions of western North America and is particularly prevalent in habitats with sandy substrate.ConiontiniNotes. Three genera and 63 species of Coniontini have been recorded from California Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (2 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 TAMU), Santa Cruz (1 TAMU)Coelus and provided a reliable key. Notes. Coelus ciliatus Eschscholtz, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Anacapa : 616Digitized Records: San Nicolas (1 CASC), Santa Cruz (1 CASC), Santa Rosa (3 OSUC)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is abundant and widely distributed along the mainland Pacific Coast.Coelus globosus LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Anacapa : 618, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (7 LACM), San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This coastal dune-inhabiting species is known from most of California\u2019s shoreline including all Channel Islands except San Clemente : 618.Coelus pacificus Fall, 1897Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Anacapa : 21, SanDigitized Records: San Clemente , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Barbara (5 LACM), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Endemic .Coelus remotus Fall, 1897 with C. pacificus. Unfortunately he merely stated that this species is distributed on the \u201cCalifornia Channel Islands\u201d Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz : 304Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente , San Nicolas , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Coniontis is a problematic genus which requires a comprehensive revision, though one may start with the synonymy established by C. lata LeConte, 1866) and likely a second  but the literature records and identified museum specimen records should otherwise all be considered dubious until the genus is revised. One Santa Cruz Island specimen labeled \u201cConiontis musculus ?\u201d in the H.C. Fall collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University was determined by H.C. Fall  and it alludes to C. muscula Blaisdell, 1918; this questionable species record is probably the origin of the genus-only citation above. Forty-nine currently valid species are recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 2, SantDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .C. elliptica catalinae Casey, 1918 from Santa Catalina Island, which was later synonymized by Notes. Casey erected the subspecies Coniontis lamentabilis Blaisdell, 1924Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 284Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .C. subpubescens belonged to this species. Without a synthetic revision or subsequent work explaining these conclusions, we have kept the records of these species distinct from each other.Notes. Coniontis lata LeConte, 1866Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Anacapa : 20, SanDigitized Records: Anacapa , San Clemente , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Barbara , Santa Cruz Range: Endemic .Coniontides Casey, 1908 by Coniontides\u201d across all the islands) synonymized Coniontides clementinus Casey, 1908 (described from San Clemente); Coniontides finitimus Casey, 1908 ; Coniontides was synonymized with Coniontis by Coniontis lata but used C. lata var insularis for the Santa Cruz population. Coniontides insularis for the Santa Cruz and Santa Rosa populations. Coniontides clementinus and Coniontides.Notes. Originally described from San Clemente  and subsConiontis microsticta Casey, 1908Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (5 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. The type and only given locality of this species is Alameda County, California , which mConiontis nemoralis Eschscholtz, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (5 CASC)Range: Also known from mainland Notes. This species was described and reported from the vicinity of San Francisco and is currently separated into two putative subspecies from California and Oregon . The detConiontis santarosae Blaisdell, 1921Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: San Miguel : 20, SanDigitized Records: San Miguel (2 CASC), Santa Cruz (3 CASC), Santa Rosa (75 CASC)Range: Endemic .C. lata as defined by Notes. Coniontis subpubescens LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 238, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .C. lamentabilis; this identification correction has not been seen in any other published works or museum records.Notes. Coniontis viatica Eschscholtz, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 144Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland.Eusattus LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Notes. This genus was thoroughly revised by Eusattus difficilis LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: San Clemente : 97.Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. This island record is taken from a distinct marker on a range map, though no further specimen data are given for this or any other distribution points on the map within the main text. This species is broadly distributed on coastal and mainland southern California.Eusattus politus Horn, 1883Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: San Miguel : 21, SanDigitized Records: San Miguel , Santa Rosa Range: Endemic .Eusattus vanduzeei Blaisdell, 1921  was synonymized by Eusattus politus politusE. politus cruzensis Doyen, 1984 is known from Santa Cruz Island. The record from Santa Barbara Island by E. vanduzeei by Notes. This species was described from \u201cSanta Barbara California\u201d : 304 butEusattus robustus LeConte, 1866Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: San Clemente : 21, SanDigitized Records: San Clemente , San Miguel (1 LACM), San Nicolas , Santa Barbara (1 LACM), Santa Rosa (1 LACM)Range: Endemic .Nesostes Casey, 1908, and recognized a subspecies, E. robustus postremus Casey, 1908, from a single specimen also from San Clemente Island. Nesostes under Eusattus, and Notes. EdrotiniCrypadius was revised by Metoponium and Hylocrinus are in need of a revision consisting primarily of synonymy .Notes. Fifteen genera and 78 species of Edrotini are known to occur in California Notes. This genus inhabits coastal dunes and is distributed from the Channel Islands region south along the Baja California peninsula and coasts of the Gulf of California. The genus was revised by Cryptadius inflatus LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 197Digitized Records: Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cryptadius known from the United States, including the Channel Islands, belong to the nominate subspecies, C. inflatus inflatus LeConte, 1852.Notes. All Hylocrinus Casey, 1907Nomenclatural Authority: Notes. This genus is in great need of revision and seemingly many synonymies for the United States fauna, which was last treated by Hylocrinus longulus Nomenclatural Authority: Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente , Santa Catalina Eurymetopon Eschscholtz, 1829 . Literature and digitized records to the level of species are dubious until a proper revision can be undertaken. Twenty nominal species are currently known from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 59Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 21Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 USNM)Range: Endemic .Notes. The validity of this species is dubious .Telabis Casey, 1890Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Notes. This genus is in great need of revision and many synonymies . Six currently valid species are recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is widespread across southern California and is common in sandy habitats.NyctoporiniNotes. One genus and five species of Nyctoporini have been recorded from California .Nyctoporis Eschscholtz, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Digitized Records (genus-only): Anacapa (6 LACM), San Miguel (3 LACM), Santa Catalina (5 LACM), Santa Cruz (5 LACM)Notes. The catalog of Nyctoporis carinata LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: San Miguel : 278, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (2 SBMNH), San Miguel , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (16 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. StenochiinaeNotes. Four genera and 15 species of Stenochiinae, all belonging to the tribe Cnodalonini, have been recorded from California .Cibdelis Mannerheim, 1843Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Notes. This genus is only known from California and needs a modern revision. All five currently valid species are recorded from California .Cibdelis bachei LeConte, 1861Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: San Clemente : 170, SaDigitized Records: Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (8 SBMNH)Range: Endemic .Notes. Coelocnemis Mannerheim, 1843Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Eleodes specimens in collections. Three specimens from Santa Cruz Island in the BYUC are determined as Coelocnemis dilaticollis Mannerheim, 1843  which are deemed likely misidentified or mis-georeferenced, but they may represent a new island record for this genus. Another unverified specimen from Santa Catalina Island determined by H.C. Fall as C. dilaticollis exists in the H.C. Fall collection at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard . Six species are recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 90Digitized Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is relatively abundant in coastal habitats of southern California and can most frequently be found under bark and on dead logs.TenebrioninaeNotes. Thirteen tribes, 25 genera, and 72 species of Tenebrioninae are known to occur in California Notes. This genus putatively has species in both North America and South America. There are three species in North America, all of which are recorded from and restricted to California .Apocrypha anthicoides Eschscholtz, 1831Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (5 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is widespread along coastal California, but was not recorded from the islands in the last review of the genus .EulabiniNotes. Three genera and eight species of Eulabini have been recorded from California .Apsena LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Notes. This genus was revised by Apsena barbarae Blaisdell, 1932Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 63, SanDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .pubescens-group\u201d with a type locality of Santa Barbara. Subsequently identified material may have been determined as Apsena pubescens , listed below. A. pubescens.Notes. Apsena grossa Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Anacapa : 299, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (8 LACM), San Clemente , San Nicolas , Santa Barbara , Santa Catalina (13 LACM), Santa Rosa (4 LACM)Range: Endemic .pubescens-group\u201d. It has only been recorded from the Channel Islands and was listed as its original combination Eulabis grossa by Notes. This is the largest species of the genus and is immediately recognizable by its rotund form. Apsena pubescens Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 308Digitized Records: San Clemente (1 LACM), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .pubescens-group\u201d and type of the genus, from A. barbarae by means of more attenuate males and difference in setal length. All island records of these two taxa will need to be critically examined as part of a revision of this genus.Notes. Apsena rufipes Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .rufipes-group\u201d, but provided no island records. The single specimen from CSUC is determined as \u201cEulabis rufipes\u201d.Notes. Epantius LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Notes. This is a monotypic genus with its single species known from California .Epantius obscurus LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: Anacapa : 294, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (41 LACM), San Clemente , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Catalina (4 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Eulabis obscura.Notes. This species is common along the California shoreline and can be found under wrack and dune vegetation near and above the high-tide line. HelopiniNotes. Two genera and 25 species of Helopini are known to occur in California Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Barbara : 128, SaDigitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (6 SDNHM)Helops fauna of the western United States is particularly in need of revision, and both literature and digitized records should be reviewed. The most reliable key is that of Helops other than H. bachei LeConte, 1861 from Santa Barbara Island on the authority of T.J. Spilman. There are 23 species known to occur in California Literature Records: San Clemente : 87, SanDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 LACM), San Clemente , San Miguel (5 SBMNH), San Nicolas , Santa Barbara (3 LACM), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Endemic ; also knHelops rugicollis LeConte, 1866, but most noticeably differs by having rounded tubercles on the elytra. This complex and all the island records need to be closely examined. Whether this is an island endemic species is hard to know and is debatable according to the literature.Notes. Helops blaisdelli Casey, 1891Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 284Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .H. bachei. It is possible this taxon corresponds to the mainland populations of the latter species reported by H. bachei as a true island endemic with a mainland sister species. Until this genus is revised, this record cannot be fully discounted for the Channel Islands.Notes. This identification by Helops rugicollis LeConte, 1866Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. See discussion on two species above; this taxon is dubious for the islands but is in an unrevised species complex with the other two species recorded from the Channel Islands. The true identity and number of species on the Channel Islands requires revision.TriboliiniNotes. Five genera and 13 species of Triboliini are known to occur in California Notes. This genus contains several cosmopolitan species that are strongly synanthropic. Six species are recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet et al. (2018)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 BYUC)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species, commonly referred to as the red flour beetle, is synanthropic and found throughout California wherever people live.ZopheridaeNotes. Two subfamilies, 18 genera, and 42 species of Zopheridae have been recorded from California .ColydiinaeNotes. Three tribes, 12 genera, and 28 species of Colydiinae have been recorded from California . The North American species of the subfamily were treated by RhagoderiniNotes. One genus and three species of Rhagoderini have been recorded from California .Rhagodera Mannerheim, 1843Nomenclatural Authority: Stephan (1989)Rhagodera have been recorded from California Literature Records: San Clemente : 294Digitized Records: noneRange: Endemic .Notes. This species was described from five specimens collected on San Clemente Island which are reportedly deposited in the YPMC .Rhagodera interrupta Stephan, 1989Nomenclatural Authority: Ivie et al. (2016)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 293Digitized Records: San Nicolas (6 SBMNH)Range: Unknown.Notes. This species was described from five specimens located in the Ulke collection at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History which were only labeled as \u201cCalifornia\u201d . No otheRhagodera tuberculata Nomenclatural Authority: Ivie et al. (2016)Literature Records: San Clemente : 127, SaDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This is one of the more widespread and commonly collected species of this genus, with most of its known specimens originating from Los Angeles County, California .SynchitiniNotes. Nine genera and 22 species of Synchitini have been recorded from California Lasconotus have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Megataphrus Casey, 1890Nomenclatural Authority: Stephan (1989)Megataphrus has been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (16 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Synchita Hellwig, 1792Nomenclatural Authority: Stephan (1989)Synchita has been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Microsicus variegatus  in Notes. This species was known as Zopherinae: ZopheriniNotes. Four tribes, six genera, and 14 species of Zopherinae, of which two genera and seven species belong to Zopherini, have been recorded from California .Phloeodes LeConte, 1862Nomenclatural Authority: Foley & Ivie (2008)Phloeodes have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Foley & Ivie (2008)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 144Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Phloeodes plicatus . We presume that Notes. No island records were given by Phloeodes plicatus Nomenclatural Authority: Foley & Ivie (2008)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 3, SantDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (5 SBMNH), Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .P. diabolicus.Notes. We have examined specimens of this species and are confident of its occurrence on the islands, but see comments under COCCINELLOIDEAAkalyptoischiidaeNotes. One genus and 17 species of Akalyptoischiidae have been recorded from California .Akalyptoischion Andrews, 1976Nomenclatural Authority: Hartley, Andrews & McHugh (2008)Akalyptoischion have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Akalyptoischion hormathos Andrews, 1976Nomenclatural Authority: Hartley, Andrews & McHugh (2008)Literature Records: Santa Barbara : 37Digitized Records: San Clemente (19 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (14 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (15 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (30 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cerylonidae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. Three genera and four species of Cerylonidae have been recorded from California .Cerylon Latreille, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: .Cerylon contains two species recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Lawrence & Stephan (1975)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .CoccinellidaeNotes. The known North American species of Coccinellidae were fully treated by CoccinellinaeNotes. Eight tribes, 38 genera, and 164 species of Coccinellinae have been recorded from California Cephaloscymnus is recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 87Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .ChilocoriniNotes. Five genera and 17 species of Chilocorini have been recorded from California .Axion Mulsant, 1850Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Axion is recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Chilocorus Leach, 1815Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Chilocorus have been recorded from California, two of which are adventive Chilocorus bivulnerus Mulsant, 1850, a current junior synonym of Chilocorus stigma , a species that does not occur in California. Early California records of C. bivulnerus, therefore, refer to either Chilocorus fraternus LeConte, 1860 or Chilocorus orbus Casey, 1899, two species which can only be reliably distinguished by examination of male genitalia Digitized Records (genus-only): Anacapa (1 LACM), Santa Barbara (1 LACM), Santa Catalina (1 LACM)Nephus in three subgenera  have been reported from California (Notes. Six species of lifornia .Nephus (Scymnobius) guttulatus Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 86Digitized Records: Anacapa (4 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Scymnus guttulatus.Notes. Nephus (Scymnobius) sordidus Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas (9 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Nephus (Sidis) binaevatus Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .Scymnus binaevatus by Notes. This species was recorded as Rhyzobius Stephens, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Rhyzobius are recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 26, SanDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was introduced to North America .Rhyzobius lophanthae Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: San Clemente : 286Digitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Rhizobius lophanthae\u201d, and Lindorus lophantae\u201d. This species was introduced to North America Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Barbara (1 SBMNH)Scymnus have been reported from California, all but four belonging to the subgenus Pullus Mulsant, 1846 and the remainder to Scymnus (Scymnus)  . These wScymnus (Pullus) ardelio Horn, 1895Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: San Clemente : 237, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Scymnus (Pullus) cervicalis Mulsant, 1850Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 86Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Scymnus (Pullus) coniferarum Crotch, 1874Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Scymnus (Pullus) falli Gordon, 1976Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Barbara : 127, SaDigitized Records: San Miguel (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (8 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Endemic .Scymnus (Pullus) jacobianus Casey, 1899Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (2 SBMNH), San Miguel (2 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Scymnus (Pullus) loewii Mulsant, 1850Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 124Digitized Records: San Clemente (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland , 1985.Scymnus cinctus LeConte, 1852, which is now a junior synonym of S. loewii (see Notes. ewii see .Scymnus (Pullus) marginicollis Mannerheim, 1843Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas (5 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (4 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland , 1985.Scymnus (Pullus) pallens LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 286, SaDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland , 1985.Scymnus (Scymnus) difficilis Casey, 1899Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (10 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Scymnus (Scymnus) fenderi Malkin, 1943Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Scymnus (Scymnus) nebulosus LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: San Miguel : 550, SaDigitized Records: Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Stethorus Weise, 1885Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Stethorus has been reported from California Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .S. punctum occurring in California is S. p. picipes Casey, 1899 Zagloba has been reported from California Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 87Digitized Records: San Miguel (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cephaloscymnus ornatus.Notes. CoccinelliniNotes. Sixteen genera and 41 species of Coccinellini have been recorded from California Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (4 LACM), San Miguel (12 LACM), San Nicolas (29 LACM), Santa Catalina (1 LACM), Santa Cruz (2 LACM)Coccinella have been recorded from California Literature Records: Anacapa : 126, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa , San Clemente , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Barbara , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Coccinella johnsoni Casey, 1908Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: San Clemente : 127, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (8 SBMNH), San Nicolas (10 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (3 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Coccinella novemnotata Herbst, 1793Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Coccinella septempunctata Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 iNat), San Clemente , San Miguel (2 SBMNH), San Nicolas , Santa Barbara (1 iNat), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (4 iNat)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was introduced to North America for control of aphids .Cycloneda Crotch, 1871Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 iNat)Cycloneda have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237, SaDigitized Records: Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Cycloneda oculata Fabricius\u201d.Notes. Cycloneda sanguinea Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Coccinella sanguinea. The subspecies occurring in California is the nominate subspecies, C. s. sanguinea .Notes. Hippodamia Dejean, 1837Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Hippodamia have been reported from California Literature Records: Anacapa : 127, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (8 SBMNH), San Clemente , San Miguel (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas , Santa Barbara (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Hippodamia obsoleta LeConte\u201d , a current synonym of H. convergens Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: San Clemente : 237, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (5 SBMNH), San Clemente , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Hippodamia ambigua LeConte, 1852. H. quinquesignata Kirby, variety\u201d. H. q. punctulata LeConte, 1852, now considered a synonym of H. q. ambigua LeConte, 1852, the only subspecies occurring in coastal California , all Hippodamia quinquesignata  represented on the Channel Islands belong to H. q. ambigua. Members of this subspecies with the white convergent lines present on the pronotum can be difficult to distinguish from immaculate members of H. convergens without examination of male genitalia Olla has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 LACM), Santa Catalina (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Paranaemia Casey, 1899Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Paranaemia has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 143Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Hippodamia vittigera by Ceratomegilla vittigera by Notes. This species was recorded as Psyllobora Dejean, 1836Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz Psyllobora have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 UCSB)Range: Also known from mainland .Psyllobora vigintimaculata Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237, SaDigitized Records: San Miguel (6 SBMNH), San Nicolas (4 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (21 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Psyllobora taedata LeConte, 1860 by Psyllobora 20-maculata var. taedata by Artemisia californica.Notes. This species was recorded as DiominiNotes. One genus and three species of Diomini have been recorded from California .Diomus Mulsant, 1850Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Diomus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .HyperaspidiniNotes. Four genera and 47 species of Hyperaspidini have been recorded from California .Hyperaspidius Crotch, 1873Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Digitized Records (genus-only): San Miguel (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas Hyperaspidius have been recorded from California Literature Records: San Miguel : 361Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Hyperaspidius vittigerus , which was indicated as previously bearing the name Hyperaspidius trimaculatus . However, Hyperaspidius vittigerus was not shown to occur west of the Rocky Mountains by H. comparatus.Notes. Hyperaspis Redtenbacher, 1844Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Hyperaspis have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237, SaDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Artemisia californica by Notes. This species was reported from Hyperaspis species near annexa LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Unknown.Hyperaspis nr. annexa\u201d. MLG observed two of these vouchers and one additional specimen from SBMNH, and they do appear quite similar to mainland H. annexa, but with much less yellow and more extensive black coloration. These specimens require more detailed study.Notes. Hyperaspis taeniata LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .MicroweiseinaeNotes. Three tribes, five genera, and 11 species of Microweiseinae are known to occur in California . CarinoduliniNotes. One genus and species of Carinodulini is known to occur in California .Carinodulinka \u015alipi\u0144ski & Tomaszewska, 2002Nomenclatural Authority: Escalona & \u015alipi\u0144ski (2011)Carinodulinka have yet been recorded from California (see below).Notes. No described species of Carinodulinka undescribed species near baja \u015alipi\u0144ski & Tomaszewska, 2002Nomenclatural Authority: Escalona & \u015alipi\u0144ski (2011)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Carinodulinka \u015alipi\u0144ski & Tomaszewska, 2002 are an unnamed species.Notes. According to MicroweiseiniNotes. Three genera and eight species of Microweiseini are known to occur in California Coccidophilus has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (16 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Microweisea Cockerell, 1903Nomenclatural Authority: Escalona & \u015alipi\u0144ski (2011)Gnathoweisea Gordon, 1970, a genus synonymized with Microweisea by Notes. Certain species in this genus were until recently known as Microweisea undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 iNat)Nipus Casey, 1899Nomenclatural Authority: Escalona & \u015alipi\u0144ski (2011)Nipus are known from California .Notes. Three species of the genus Nipus niger Casey, 1899Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .SerangiiniNotes. One genus and two species of Serangiini have been recorded from California .Delphastus Casey, 1899Nomenclatural Authority: Escalona & \u015alipi\u0144ski (2011)Delphastus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Gordon (1985)Literature Records: San Clemente : 237, SaDigitized Records: Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cryptognatha catalinae. The species was originally , all of which belong to the subfamily Corylophinae. The classification used here follows AenigmaticiniNotes. One genus and species of Aenigmaticini occurs in California .Aenigmaticum Matthews, 1888Nomenclatural Authority: Robertson et al. (2013)Aenigmaticum occurs in California Literature Records: Anacapa : 126, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (7 SBMNH), San Miguel (3 SBMNH), San Nicolas (8 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Erophyllum, Hemizonia (both Asteraceae) and Frankenia (Frankeniaceae) on Santa Barbara Island by Notes. Reported from OrthoperiniNotes. One genus and four species of Orthoperini have been recorded from California .Orthoperus Stephens, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Robertson et al. (2013)Orthoperus have been recorded from California .Notes. Four species of Orthoperus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (9 SBMNH)SericoderiniNotes. One genus and three species of Sericoderini have been recorded from California .Sericoderus Stephens, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Robertson et al. (2013)Sericoderus have been recorded from California .Notes. Three species of Sericoderus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)EndomychidaeNotes. Six subfamilies, eight genera, and 13 species of Endomychidae have been recorded from California .LycoperdininaeNotes. Two genera and four species of Lycoperdininae have been recorded from California .Aphorista Gorham, 1873Nomenclatural Authority: Shockley, Tomaszewska & McHugh (2009)Aphorista have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Shockley, Tomaszewska & McHugh (2009)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 237Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (2 LACM), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .LatridiidaeNotes. Two subfamilies, 13 genera, and 61 species of Latridiidae are known to occur in California .CorticariinaeNotes. Five genera and 31 species of Corticariinae are known to occur in California .Corticaria Marsham, 1802Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Corticaria have been reported from California .Notes. Ten species of Corticaria undetermined speciesLiterature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Notes. Corticarina Reitter, 1881Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records (genus-only): Anacapa (5 SBMNH), San Clemente (5 SBMNH), San Miguel (25 SBMNH), San Nicolas (7 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (15 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (51 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (14 SBMNH)Corticarina have been recorded from California .Notes. The record from Corticarina cavicollis Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Corticarina herbivagans Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: San Miguel : 127, SaDigitized Records: Santa Barbara (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Corticarina milleri Andrews, 1992Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: San Miguel : 278, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Endemic .Corticarina minuta Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Fuchsina Fall, 1899Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Fuchsina have been reported from California (Notes. Two described species of lifornia . These wFuchsina undescribed speciesLiterature Records: Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records: San Clemente (15 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (47 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (29 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (16 SBMNH)Range: Endemic .Fuchsina as circumscribed by Fuchsina occulta Fall, 1899 in the lack of eye facets and antenna with 10 antennomeres, but have a shorter, broader pronotum and shorter elytra .Notes. The record from Melanophthalma Motschulsky, 1866Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records (genus-only): Anacapa (1 SBMNH), San Clemente (2 SBMNH), San Nicolas (2 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (9 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Melanophthalmus\u201d. Eight species of Melanophthalma have been reported from California in two subgenera, Cortilena Motschulsky, 1867 and Melanophthalma (s.str.) .Notes. Melanophthalma (Cortilena) casta Fall, 1899Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 127, SaDigitized Records: Santa Barbara (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cortilena casta.Notes. Recorded by Melanophthalma  americana Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: San Clemente : 237, SaDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Corticaria distinguenda Comolli, 1837, but specimens in North American identified as this species are presently known as M. americana.Notes. Reported by Melanophthalma  insularis Fall, 1899Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: San Clemente : 20Digitized Records: noneRange: Endemic .Notes. The status of this purportedly endemic taxon has not been reviewed since LatridiinaeNotes. Eight genera and 30 species of Latridiinae are known to occur in California .Cartodere Thomson, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Cartodere in two subgenera, Aridius Motschulsky, 1866 and Cartodere (s.str.), occur in California .Notes. Four species of Cartodere (Aridius) australica Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (25 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is presumably adventive in California.Dienerella Reitter, 1911Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Dienerella are known to occur in California .Notes. Three species of Dienerella undetermined speciesLiterature Records: Santa Catalina : 191Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Notes. More morphospecies exist in the SBMNH collection than there are named species known to occur in California . Consequently, we have not attempted to identify the single Channel Islands specimen known to us.Enicmus Thomson, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Enicmus have been recorded from California .Notes. Six species of Enicmus aterrimus Motschulsky, 1866Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Metophthalmus Motschulsky, 1850Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina : 191, SaMetatypus Belon, 1897 and Metophthalmus (s.str.), three of which are reported from the Channel Islands below. Metophthalmus reported from Santa Cruz by Metophthalmus kanei Andrews, 1976 and Metophthalmus septemstriatus Hatch, 1962, may occur on the Channel Islands.Notes. This genus was revised by Metophthalmus (Metatypus) haigi Andrews, 1976Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records: San Clemente (3 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (7 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Metophthalmus (Metatypus) rudis Fall, 1899Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records: San Clemente (26 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (42 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (14 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (24 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Metophthalmus (Metatypus) trux Fall, 1899Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records: San Clemente (5 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (12 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Revelieria Perris, 1869Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Revelieria has been reported from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (8 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Stephostethus LeConte, 1878Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Stephostethus have been reported from California .Notes. Four species of Stephostethus armatulus Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 118Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Lathridius armatulus.Notes. Stephostethus costicollis Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 286Digitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Coninomus fulvipennis Mannerheim by Latridius costicollis by Stephostethus.Notes. This species was recorded as Stephostethus liratus Nomenclatural Authority: R\u00fccker (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .EROTYLOIDEAErotylidaeNotes. Three subfamilies, six genera, and 11 species of Erotylidae have been recorded from California .CryptophilinaeNotes. One genus and species of Cryptophilinae has been recorded from California .Cryptophilus Reitter, 1874Nomenclatural Authority: Gimmel, Leschen & Esser (2019)Cryptophilus has been recorded from California .Notes. One species of the genus Cryptophilus angustus Nomenclatural Authority: Esser (2017)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cryptophilus integer , but the type of that species was discovered to belong to Cryptophagidae. Cryptophilus angustus is the proper name for this species, which was introduced from the Palearctic realm Dacne have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Boyle (1956)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 142, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (3 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (5 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (6 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (13 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Dacne (s.str.), which has just one described species in California . However, they are morphologically different from mainland exemplars of that species, being narrower and more setose, and the prosternal lines are differently shaped. These may prove to be a distinct, undescribed species.Notes. The island vouchers of this species housed in SBMNH are certainly NITIDULOIDEAKateretidaeNotes. Four genera and six species of Kateretidae have been recorded from California .Amartus LeConte, 1861Nomenclatural Authority: Cline & Audisio (2010)Amartus have been reported from California Nomenclatural Authority: Savage & Seeno (1981)Literature Records: San Clemente : 80, SanDigitized Records: San Clemente (6 LACM), Santa Rosa (9 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Heterhelus Jacquelin du Val, 1858Nomenclatural Authority: Cline & Audisio (2010)Heterhelus has been reported from California Nomenclatural Authority: Habeck (2002)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 237Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Cercus sericans, and Notes. MonotomidaeNotes. Two subfamilies, eight genera, and 19 species of Monotomidae are known to occur in California .MonotominaeNotes. Seven genera and 14 species of Monotominae are known to occur in California .Hesperobaenus LeConte, 1861Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Hesperobaenus contains two species occurring in California Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2002b)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 210Digitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (9 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Macreurops Casey, 1916Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Macreurops is known from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2002a)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (15 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Phyconomus LeConte, 1861Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Phyconomus is known from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bousquet (2002a)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (10 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .NitidulidaeNotes. Eight subfamilies, 22 genera, and 63 species of Nitidulidae are known to occur in California .CarpophilinaeNotes. Four genera and 17 species of Carpophilinae are known to occur in California .Carpophilus Stephens, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Carpophilus (sensuNotes. Eleven species of us sensu are knowCarpophilus (Ecnomorphus) discoideus LeConte, 1858Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Carpophilus (Ecnomorphus) ligneus Murray, 1864Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (1 SBMNH), San Miguel (1 SBMNH), San Nicolas (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Nitops Murray, 1864Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Notes. This genus contains a single species in California .Nitops pallipennis Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Literature Records: San Clemente : 237, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (18 SBMNH), San Miguel (3 SBMNH), San Nicolas (3 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (9 SBMNH), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Opuntia littoralis var. littoralis (Engelm.) Cockerell on Santa Catalina Cryptarcha have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 304Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Glischrochilus Reitter, 1873Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Glischrochilus are known from California .Notes. Four species of Glischrochilus quadrisignatus Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 348Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is adventive in California .Glischrochilus sanguinolentus Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 348Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is adventive in California .MeligethinaeNotes. Two genera and two species of Meligethinae have been recorded from California . Easton Brassicogethes Audisio & Cline, 2009Nomenclatural Authority: Audisio et al. (2009)Notes. This genus contains one species in California .Brassicogethes aeneus Nomenclatural Authority: Audisio et al. (2009)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is Holarctic in distribution .NitidulinaeNotes. Eight genera and 19 species of Nitidulinae are known to occur in California .Nitidula Fabricius, 1775Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Notes. This genus contains three species in California . ParsonsNitidula flavomaculata Rossi, 1790Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was introduced into North America from the Mediterranean region .Thalycra Erichson, 1843Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Notes. This genus contains eight species in California CUCUJOIDEACryptophagidaeNotes. Two subfamilies, 11 genera, and 60 species of Cryptophagidae are known to occur in California . AtomariinaeNotes. Two genera and 28 species of Atomariinae, all belonging to Atomariini, are known to occur in California .Atomaria Stephens, 1829Nomenclatural Authority: Pelletier & H\u00e9bert (2019)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Rosa : 237Atomaria sp.\u201d. Atomaria have been reported from California, 11 from the subgenus Anchicera Thomson, 1863 and 16 from the subgenus Atomaria (s.str.) .Notes. Atomaria (Anchicera) lewisi Reitter, 1877Nomenclatural Authority: Pelletier & H\u00e9bert (2019)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is adventive from Europe .Atomaria (Anchicera) nubipennis Casey, 1900Nomenclatural Authority: Pelletier & H\u00e9bert (2019)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (20 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Atomaria (Atomaria) puella Nomenclatural Authority: Pelletier & H\u00e9bert (2019)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cryptophaginae: CryptophaginiNotes. Two tribes, nine genera, and 32 species of Cryptophaginae, of which seven genera and 29 species belong to Cryptophagini, are known to occur in California .Cryptophagus Herbst, 1792Nomenclatural Authority: Pelletier & H\u00e9bert (2019)Cryptophagus for North America. Notes. Cryptophagus tuberculosus M\u00e4klin, 1853Nomenclatural Authority: Pelletier & H\u00e9bert (2019)Literature Records: San Clemente : 286, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (5 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Cryptophagus sp.\u201d, which Cryptophagus debilis LeConte, 1858 based on communication from H.C. Fall. Cryptophagus debilis was synonymized with C. tuberculosus by Notes. Laemophloeidae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. Eight genera and 16 species of Laemophloeidae are known to occur in California .Narthecius LeConte, 1861Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Narthecius are known to occur in California .Notes. Two species of Narthecius striaticeps Fall, 1907Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .PhalacridaeNotes. Five genera and 21 species of Phalacridae are known to occur in California .Phalacrus Paykull, 1800Nomenclatural Authority: Gimmel (2013)Notes. This genus needs revision; the species in North America are not currently identifiable .Phalacrus undetermined species 1Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (6 SBMNH)Phalacrus conjunctus Casey, 1890 .Notes. This species has microsculpture on the elytra, the left mandible with a ventral tooth, and a prominent metaventral process that exceeds the mesocoxae; this possibly represents Phalacrus undetermined species 2Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 304Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Phalacrus ovalis LeConte, 1856 . Santa Cruz Island vouchers from the Phalacrus sp.\u201d were examined by MLG and belong to this morphospecies.Notes. This species has no microsculpture on the elytra, the left mandible with a ventral tooth, and a short metaventral process not exceeding the mesocoxae; this possibly represents Silvanidae, NEW FAMILY RECORDNotes. Two subfamilies, nine genera, and 14 species of Silvanidae are known to occur in California .Silvanoprus Reitter, 1911Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Silvanoprus is now known from California; the record below represents a new state record for the genus.Notes. One introduced species of Silvanoprus angusticollis Nomenclatural Authority: McElrath, Gimmel & Powell (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .new state record for California. This species is adventive in North America.Notes. This represents a CHRYSOMELOIDEACerambycidaeNotes. Seven subfamilies, 143 genera, and 317 species of Cerambycidae are known to occur in California . CerambycinaeNotes. Twenty-three tribes, 72 genera, and 161 species of Cerambycinae are known to occur in California .CallidiiniNotes. Six genera and 35 species of Callidiini are known to occur in California .Callidiellum Linsley, 1940Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Callidiellum are known to occur in California, plus one species (C. rufipenne below) recorded only as an interception .Notes. Two species of Callidiellum rufipenne Nomenclatural Authority: Miller & Miller (1985)Literature Records: Santa Barbara : 130Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. Introduced to North America from eastern Asia; the Santa Barbara Island record is probably an interception and does not represent a breeding population see .Phymatodes Mulsant, 1839Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Phymatodes are known to occur in California . Notes. Fifteen species of Phymatodes decussatus Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 238Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .P. d. decussatus. Phymatodes juglandis Leng, 1890, and listed the record with a question mark; this record was included in the species\u2019 synonymy in P. juglandis was recently made a junior synonym of P. decussatus by Notes. According to Phymatodes grandis Casey, 1912Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Phymatodes obscurus  was given the unnecessary replacement name of Phymatodes lecontei Linsley, 1938, but the proper name for this species is P. grandis Xylotrechus have been recorded from California .Notes. Eight species of Xylotrechus insignis LeConte, 1873Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 286Digitized Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .Xylotrechus obliteratus LeConte, 1873, which was amended to X. insignis by communication of E.G. Linsley to Notes. Xylotrechus nauticus Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .EburiiniNotes. Two genera and three species of Eburiini have been recorded from California , 1963.Enaphalodes Haldeman, 1847Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Enaphalodes have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .Romaleum simplicicolle , which is now recognized as a synonym of the variable species E. hispicornis Brothylus have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .HolopleuriniNotes. One species of Holopleurini has been recorded from California .Holopleura LeConte, 1873Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Holopleura has been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .HyboderiniNotes. Four genera and six species of Hyboderini have been recorded from California .Callimus Mulsant, 1864Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Callimus have been recorded from California .Notes. Two species of Callimus ruficollis Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 LACM), Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Lampropterus ruficollis.Notes. Megobrium LeConte, 1873Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Megobrium has been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 150Digitized Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .M. edwardsii, this species was considered endemic at the time of its description Styloxus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 iNat)Range: Also known from mainland .S. f. californicus .Notes. According to OeminiNotes. Six genera and six species of Oemini are known to occur in California Paranoplium has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 176Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Oeme gracilis. According to P. g. gracile.Notes. This species was reported by PsebiiniNotes. One species of Psebiini has been recorded from California .Nathrius Br\u00e8thes, 1916Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Nathrius is known to occur in California Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was introduced to North America from southern Europe .PhoracanthiniNotes. One genus and two species of Phoracanthini are known to occur in California .Phoracantha Newman, 1840Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Phoracantha are now known to occur in California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was introduced to North America from Australia .Phoracantha semipunctata Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (2 LACM), Santa Cruz (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was introduced to North America from Australia .LamiinaeNotes. Nine tribes, 20 genera, and 31 species of Lamiinae have been recorded from California , 1995.AcanthocininiNotes. Seven genera and eight species of Acanthocinini have been recorded from California .Sternidocinus Dillon, 1956Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Sternidocinus occurs in California Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 57Digitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .ParmeniniNotes. Two genera and two species of Parmenini have been recorded from California .Ipochus LeConte, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Ipochus occurs in California Literature Records: Anacapa : 130, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa , San Miguel , San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (1 LACM), Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Rhus laurina (or R. integrifolia).\u201d Ipochus catalinae Casey, 1913. This species was synonymized with I. fasciatus by Notes. PhytoeciiniNotes. Two genera and two species of Phytoeciini have been recorded from California .Oberea Mulsant, 1839Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Oberea has been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .PogonocheriniNotes. Four genera and eight species of Pognocherini have been recorded from California .Lophopogonius Linsley, 1935Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Lophopogonius has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .SaperdiniNotes. One genus and three species of Saperdini have been recorded from California .Saperda Fabricius, 1775Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Saperda have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .LepturinaeNotes. Six tribes, 35 genera, and 89 species of Lepturinae have been recorded from California . ChemsakDesmoceriniNotes. One genus and two species of Desmocerini have been recorded from California .Desmocerus Dejean, 1821Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Desmocerus have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (3 LACM), Santa Rosa (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .D. c. californicus Horn, 1881. The other subspecies, D. c. dimorphus Fisher, 1921, is restricted to the Central Valley of California and is federally protected.Notes. All island records of this species belong to LepturiniNotes. Eighteen genera and 48 species of Lepturini have been recorded from California .Anastrangalia Casey, 1924Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Anastrangalia have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Strophiona Casey, 1913Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Strophiona have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Xestoleptura Casey, 1913Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Xestoleptura have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Necydalinie.g., Notes. Two genera and seven species of Necydalini have been recorded from California . The triNecydalis Linnaeus, 1758Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Necydalis Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 USNM)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. The Santa Rosa Island record represents a significant southerly range extension for this species; the nearest recorded specimens are known from the San Francisco Bay area .RhagiiniNotes. Twelve genera and 35 species of Rhagiini have been recorded from California .Brachysomida Casey, 1913Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Brachysomida have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Centrodera LeConte, 1850Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Centrodera have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Centrodera spurca Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 iNat)Range: Also known from mainland .Stenocorus Geoffroy, 1762Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Stenocorus have been recorded from California (Notes. Four species of lifornia .Stenocorus (Stenocorus) vestitus Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .PrioninaeNotes. Five tribes, six genera, and 12 species of Prioninae have been recorded from California .CallipogoniniNotes. One genus and two species of Callipogonini have been recorded from California .Trichocnemis LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Notes. This genus was reviewed by Trichocnemis spiculatus LeConte, 1851Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Ergates spiculatus in Trichocnemis in Notes. This species was indicated as PrioniniNotes. Two genera and five species of Prionini have been recorded from California .Prionus Geoffroy, 1762Nomenclatural Authority: Santos-Silva, Nearns & Swift (2016)Notes. This genus was revised for the New World by Prionus (Prionus) californicus Motschulsky, 1845Nomenclatural Authority: Santos-Silva, Nearns & Swift (2016)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. It is somewhat surprising that this large and readily recognizable species has not been reported in the literature from Santa Cruz Island before now.Spondylidinae: AseminiNotes. Three tribes, seven genera, and 16 species of Spondylidinae, of which four genera and nine species belong to Asemini, have been recorded from California .Arhopalus Audinet-Serville, 1834Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Notes. Three species of this genus are known to occur in California . A key tArhopalus asperatus Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: Santa Catalina Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: Santa Catalina Notes. Three species of this genus are known to occur in California . A key tAsemum nitidum LeConte, 1873Nomenclatural Authority: Bezark & Monn\u00e9 (2013)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .ChrysomelidaeNotes. Nine subfamilies, 106 genera, and 436 species of Chrysomelidae have been recorded from California Acanthoscelides have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (12 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (7 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Acanthoscelides napensis Johnson, 1970Nomenclatural Authority: Kingsolver (2004)Literature Records: San Miguel : 550Digitized Records: San Clemente , Santa Cruz (20 SBMNH), Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Acanthoscelides pauperculus Nomenclatural Authority: Kingsolver (2004)Literature Records: San Miguel : 287, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Bruchus pauperculus by Notes. Recorded as Acanthoscelides pullus Nomenclatural Authority: Kingsolver (2004)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 180Digitized Records: Anacapa , San Clemente , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Cruz (2 LACM), Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Bruchus pullus.Notes. Megacerus F\u00e5hraeus, 1839Nomenclatural Authority: Kingsolver (2004)Megacerus has been recorded from California (Notes. One species of lifornia .Megacerus (Megacerus) impiger Nomenclatural Authority: Kingsolver (2004)Literature Records: Santa Cruz (Digitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Stator Bridwell, 1946Nomenclatural Authority: Kingsolver (2004)Stator have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Kingsolver (2004)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 861Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 iNat)Range: Also known from mainland .Bruchus limbatus by Notes. Recorded as Cassidinae: CassidiniNotes. Three tribes, 13 genera, and 25 species of Cassidinae are known to occur in California Charidotella has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa , Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .C. sexpunctata occurring in California is C. s. bicolor   .Chrysomelinae: ChrysomeliniNotes. Two tribes, 14 genera, and 32 species of Chrysomelinae, of which 12 genera and 30 species belong to Chrysomelini, have been recorded from California Calligrapha have been reported from California  sigmoidea Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Gastrophysa Chevrolat, 1836Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Gastrophysa has been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (6 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (8 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (4 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Phaedon Megerle von M\u00fchlfeld, 1823Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Phaedon have been recorded from California (Notes. Five species of lifornia .Phaedon (Allophaedon) prasinellus Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: Santa Barbara : 131Digitized Records: Santa Barbara (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Plagiodera Chevrolat, 1836Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Plagiodera has been recorded from California (Notes. One species of lifornia .Plagiodera (Plagiomorpha) californica Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 287Digitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Lina californica by Notes. Recorded as Trachymela Weise, 1908Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Trachymela is known from California Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was introduced from Australia .Criocerinae: LemiiniNotes. Two tribes, three genera, and six species of Criocerinae, of which two genera and four species belong to Lemiini, have been recorded from California Lema have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 144Digitized Records: Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .Lema trilineata var. californica Schaeffer, 1933 by Notes. This species was recorded as Cryptocephalinae: CryptocephaliniNotes. Three tribes, 10 genera, and 79 species of Cryptocephalinae, of which three genera and 61 species belong to Cryptocephalini, have been recorded from California Cryptocephalus have been reported from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)C. sanguinicollis together span most of western North America. The subspecies reported from the Channel Islands is C. s. nigerrimus Crotch, 1874.Range: The two subspecies of Diachus LeConte, 1880Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Diachus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: San Clemente : 238, SaDigitized Records: Anacapa (5 SBMNH), San Clemente (21 SBMNH), San Miguel (19 SBMNH), San Nicolas (9 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (15 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (16 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Malacothrix by Notes. This species was reported from flowers of Pachybrachis Chevrolat, 1836Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 UCSB)Pachybrachis have been recorded from California .Notes. Forty-seven species of Pachybrachis melanostictus Suffrian, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (16 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Pachybrachis mobilis Fall, 1915Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Pachybrachis pluripunctatus Fall, 1915Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Pachybrachis punctatus Bowditch, 1909Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 343Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Pachybrachys punctatus. Earlier, Pachybrachys\u201d species from Santa Catalina; this probably represents one of them.Notes. Pachybrachis quadratus Fall, 1915Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 406Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Pachybrachys punctatus. Earlier, Pachybrachys\u201d species from Santa Catalina; this probably represents one of them.Notes. EumolpinaeNotes. Three tribes, 10 genera, and 36 species of Eumolpinae have been recorded from California : 392 recAdoxiniNotes. Two genera and four species of Adoxini have been recorded from California .Colaspidea Laporte, 1833Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Colaspidea have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: San Clemente : 21, SanDigitized Records: San Clemente (8 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Colaspidea subvittata Fall, 1897, was described from San Clemente and Santa Catalina and reported in the works of C. smaragdula by Notes. A supposed endemic, EumolpiniNotes. Five genera and 22 species of Eumolpini have been recorded from California Spintherophyta have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 558Digitized Records: noneRange: Endemic .Notes. The holotype and paratypes of this species were collected \u201con leaves of willow\u201d .GalerucinaeNotes. Four tribes, 39 genera, and 199 species have been recorded from California Altica have been recorded from California (Notes. Twenty species of lifornia .Altica undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (4 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Aulacothorax Boheman, 1858Nomenclatural Authority: Aulacothorax has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Bezd\u011bk & Konstantinov (2017)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Orthaltica recticollis Dibolia have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Disonycha Chevrolat, 1836Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Disonycha have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (27 LACM), Santa Rosa (11 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Epitrix Foudras, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Epitrix have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Catalina Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .E. subcrinita.Notes. MLG examined vouchers from the Longitarsus Berthold, 1827Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Longitarsus have been recorded from California (Notes. Ten species of lifornia .Longitarsus undetermined species 1Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH)Notes. This is a pale, brachypterous species with complete elytra and long antennae, and less than 1.5 mm in total body length .Longitarsus undetermined species 2Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (2 SBMNH)Notes. This is a pale, brachypterous species with complete elytra and short antennae, and at least 2.0 mm in total body length .Phyllotreta Chevrolat, 1836Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Phyllotreta have been recorded from California .Notes. Twenty-one species of lifornia . The spePhyllotreta pusilla Horn, 1889Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 238Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .GaleruciniNotes. Ten genera and 36 species of Galerucini have been recorded from California .Erynephala Blake, 1936Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Erynephala have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 238Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Monoxia puncticollis  by E. morosa and not to the more easterly-occurring species currently known as Erynephala puncticollis .Notes. Recorded as Monoxia LeConte, 1865Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Monoxia have been recorded from California (Notes. Six species of lifornia .Monoxia undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (2 SBMNH)Monoxia from Anacapa Island did not readily match any species presented in Notes. This pair of Trirhabda LeConte, 1865Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (9 UCSB)Trirhabda have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Trirhabda sericotrachyla Blake, 1931Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Yingabruxia Viswajyothi & Clark, 2022Nomenclatural Authority: Viswajyothi & Clark (2022)Yingabruxia have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Viswajyothi & Clark (2022)Literature Records: San Clemente : 130, SaDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Barbara (3 SBMNH)Monoxia sordida; this species was recently transferred to the genus Yingabruxia.Range: Also known from mainland . Miller LuperiniNotes. Nine genera and 49 species of Luperini have been recorded from California Diabrotica have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Barbara : 130, SaDigitized Records: Santa Barbara (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz , Santa Rosa (7 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Diabrotica soror LeConte, 1865 by Notes. This species was recorded as Scelolyperus Crotch, 1874Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Scelolyperus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Riley, Clark & Seeno (2003)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 140Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .CURCULIONOIDEAAttelabidaeNotes. One subfamily (Rhynchitinae), six genera, and 18 species of Attelabidae have been recorded from California .Deporaus Samouelle, 1819Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Deporaus has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 394Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (9 LACM), Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland , 2002.Temnocerus Thunberg, 1815Nomenclatural Authority: Hamilton (2002)Temnocerus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Hamilton (2002)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Pselaphorhynchites aeratoides.Notes. Temnocerus aureus Nomenclatural Authority: Hamilton (2002)Literature Records: San Clemente : 186Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (21 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Rhynchites aureus, and Pselaphorhynchites aureus.Notes. Temnocerus insularis Nomenclatural Authority: Hamilton (2002)Literature Records: San Clemente : 211, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland , 1971.Rhynchites sp. nov.?\u201d; Rhynchites insularis, and Pselaphorhynchites insularis. The species was thought to be endemic at the time of its description Nomenclatural Authority: Hamilton (2002)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 UCRC)Range: Also known from mainland .Pselaphorhynchites naso. This species is distributed through much of mainland southern California .ApioninaeLiterature Records (subfamily-only): Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records (subfamily-only): San Clemente (3 SBMNH), San Miguel (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (51 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Notes. This subfamily is fairly diverse in California, with 13 genera and 35 species recorded Coelocephalapion have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Kissinger (1968)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 239, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Apion antennatum by Apion Herbst, 1797 was developed by Coelocephalapion in, e.g., bugguide.net.Notes. Recorded as Coelocephalapion californicum Nomenclatural Authority: Kissinger (1968)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 287Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Apion californicum. Apion , which was upgraded to genus by Notes. Reported by Coelocephalapion oedorhynchum Nomenclatural Authority: Kissinger (1968)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 130Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Apion oedorhynchum by Apion was developed by Coelocephalapion in, e.g., bugguide.net.Notes. Recorded as CurculionidaeNotes. Nineteen subfamilies, 221 genera, and 821 species of Curculionidae are known to occur in California . Subfamilies occurring on the nearby mainland but not known from the Channel Islands include: Bagoinae, Conoderinae, Cryptorhynchinae, Gonipterinae, Mesoptiliinae, Platypodinae.Baridinae: BaridiniNotes. Three tribes, 15 genera, and 48 species of Baridinae, including seven genera and 24 species of Baridini, are known to occur in California Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (2 UCSB)Trichobaris have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Ceutorhynchinae: CeutorhynchiniNotes. Five tribes, 14 genera, and 42 species of Ceutorhynchinae, of which six genera and 31 species belong to Ceutorhynchini, are known to occur in California Ceutorhynchus are known to occur in California .Notes. Twenty-four species of Ceutorhynchus assimilis Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is introduced from Europe .CossoninaeNotes. Five tribes, 12 genera, and 29 species of Cossoninae are known to occur in California .Pselactus Broun, 1886Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Pselactus is known from North America Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This beach-dwelling and driftwood-inhabiting species is introduced to North America .RhyncoliniNotes. Five genera and 14 species of Rhyncolini are known to occur in California .Elassoptes Horn, 1873Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Elassoptes is known from North America Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (2 SBMNH), San Miguel (26 SBMNH), San Nicolas (5 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (16 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (21 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is a beach inhabitant associated with driftwood .Rhyncolus Germar, 1817Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Barbara : 131Digitized Records (genus-only): San Miguel (4 SBMNH)Rhyncolus are known to occur in California .Notes. Rhyncolus cylindricollis Wollaston, 1873Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .CurculioninaeNotes. Nine tribes, 23 genera, and 131 species of Curculioninae are known to occur in California .AnthonominiNotes. Six genera and 60 species of Anthonomini are known to occur in California .Anthonomus Germar, 1817Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Digitized Records (genus-only): Anacapa , Santa Catalina (5 SBMNH)Anthonomus belonging to five subgenera , and Cnemocyllus Dietz, 1891) are known from California . The subgenus Cnemocyllus was revised by Cnemocyllus.Notes. Forty-five species of Anthonomus (Anthonomus) pauperculus LeConte, 1876Nomenclatural Authority: Clark et al. (2019)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 796Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Anthonomus canus LeConte, 1876 (now a junior synonym of Anthonomus (Cnemocyllus) decipiens LeConte, 1876) by A. pauperculus  inermis Boheman, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Clark & Burke (2005)Literature Records: San Miguel : 131, SaDigitized Records: Santa Barbara (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Anthonomus subvittatus LeConte, 1876 by A. inermis (see Hemizonia clementina (Asteraceae) on Santa Barbara Island.Notes. Recorded as rmis see . Miller Anthonomus (Cnemocyllus) undescribed speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Barbara (2 SBMNH)Range: ?Endemic.Anthonomus n. sp. #2, Cnemocyllus gp.\u201d by Horace R. Burke in 2009. Based on the funicle with seven antennomeres, it belongs to the A. inermis group of Notes. These seven SBMNH specimens (on two pins) from Santa Barbara Island, one of which is a dissected male, were marked as \u201cCurculioniniNotes. One genus and three species of Curculionini have been recorded from California .Curculio Linnaeus, 1758Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Curculio have been recorded from California ] from Santa Catalina Island. Curculio neocorylus Gibson, 1969 to refer to this species. Curcuilo listed below. The North American species of Curculio were revised by Notes. Three species of lifornia . The NauCurculio aurivestis Chittenden, 1927Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: Santa Catalina Range: Also known from mainland .C. aurivestis) and one insular and presumed endemic , the latter representing the Santa Catalina record above. Quercus.Notes. Curculio uniformis Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 22, SanDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Balaninus occidentis Casey, 1897 and noted this species had previously been confused with Balaninus uniformis, but is distinct. B. uniformis. B. occidentis with B. uniformis, and C. occidentis as the valid name.Notes. SmicronychiniNotes. Two genera and 21 species of Smicronychini have been recorded from California .Smicronyx Schoenherr, 1843Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Rosa : 239Digitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente (1 SBMNH)Smicronyx have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Anderson (1996)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 208Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. The record from TychiiniNotes. Three genera and 14 species of Tychiini have been recorded from California .Sibinia Germar, 1817Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Sibinia are known to occur in California Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: San Miguel : 131, SaDigitized Records: Santa Barbara (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Paragoges maculatus LeConte. Reported from \u201csage brush\u201d on Santa Barbara Island by Notes. Tychius Germar, 1817Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Literature Records (genus-only): San Nicolas : 239Tychius have been recorded from California Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 18, SanDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 LACM), Santa Rosa Range: Also known from mainland .CyclominaeNotes. Two genera and 17 species of Cyclominae have been recorded from California .Listroderes Schoenherr, 1826Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Cruz (1 UCSB)Listroderes have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (14 SBMNH), San Nicolas (11 LACM), Santa Catalina (1 LACM), Santa Rosa (1 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was accidentally introduced to North America from South America .Listronotus Jekel, 1865Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Digitized Records (genus-only): Santa Catalina (3 SBMNH)Listronotus have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 287Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Listronotus obliquus LeConte, 1876. This species is now considered a junior synonym of L. sordidus .Scyphophorus Schoenherr, 1838Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Scyphophorus have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Hesperoyucca whipplei (Torr.) Trel. (Agavaceae), a common plant on the mainland that does not occur natively in the Channel Islands. However, a variety of yucca species have been planted there.Notes. This species breeds in the stems of Sphenophorus Schoenherr, 1838Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Sphenophorus have been recorded from California . This genus was treated for North America by Calendra Clairville & Schellenberg, 1798.Notes. Eighteen species of Sphenophorus graminis Chittenden, 1905Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Sphenophorus phoeniciensis Chittenden, 1904Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Sphenophorus simplex LeConte, 1860Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Sphenophorus vomerinus LeConte, 1858Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 239Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .EntiminaeNotes. Fifteen tribes, 53 genera, and 205 species of Entiminae are known to occur in California .GeoneminiNotes. Four genera and 64 species of Geonemini are known to occur in California .Trigonoscuta Motschulsky, 1853Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Literature Records (genus-only): San Clemente : 87, SanDigitized Records (genus-only): San Clemente , San Miguel (14 SBMNH), San Nicolas , Santa Catalina (9 LACM), Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (25 SBMNH)Trigonoscuta described by Trigonoscuta may have similar diversity to the tenebrionid genus Coelus which has a nearly identical distribution and habitat (see account above for this genus). It actually may be the case that the two \u201csubgenera\u201d identified by Pierce as inhabiting the islands align more appropriately with true species diversity than the numerous \u201cspecies\u201d described. This genus is in great need of a modern revision and likely tells a very interesting story of dune colonization between the islands and mainland California. Notes. This genus was revised in elaborate detail by Trigonoscuta anacapensis Pierce, 1975Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: Anacapa : 48Digitized Records: Anacapa (18 LACM)Range: Endemic .Trigonoscuta (s.str.), which Notes. Described in the subgenus Trigonoscuta catalina Pierce, 1975Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 53Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (24 LACM)Range: Endemic .Nesocatoecus Pierce, 1975, which Notes. Described in the subgenus Trigonoscuta clemente Pierce, 1975Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: San Clemente : 53Digitized Records: San Clemente (2031 LACM), Santa Barbara (2 LACM)Range: Endemic .T. clemente Literature Records: Santa Barbara : 131Digitized Records: noneRange: Endemic .Nesocatoecus, which T. curviscroba as being described from Santa Barbara Island, and doubted the taxonomic validity of this species.Notes. Described in the subgenus Trigonoscuta miguelensis Pierce, 1975Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: San Miguel : 46Digitized Records: San Miguel Range: Endemic .Nesocatoecus, which Notes. Described in the subgenus Trigonoscuta nesiotis Pierce, 1975Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: Anacapa : 48Digitized Records: Anacapa (35 LACM)Range: Endemic .Nesocatoecus, which Notes. Described in the subgenus Trigonoscuta nicolana Pierce, 1975Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: San Nicolas : 49Digitized Records: San Nicolas (264 LACM), Santa Barbara (2 LACM)Range: Endemic .Nesocatoecus, which T. n. nicolana Pierce, 1975; T. n. longinoda Pierce, 1975; T. n. latelobata Pierce, 1975; T. n. nonmarginata Pierce, 1975; T. n. latespiculum Pierce, 1975; T. n. lateconjuncta Pierce, 1975; T. n. sulcata Pierce, 1975; T. n. breviconjuncta Pierce, 1975.Notes. Described in the subgenus Trigonoscuta pilosa Motschulsky, 1953Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: San Clemente : 239, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Trigonoscuta (s.str.), which T. anacapensis from Anacapa island.Notes. In the genus revision by Trigonoscuta sanctabarbarae Pierce, 1975Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: Santa Barbara : 131.Digitized Records: Santa Barbara (46 LACM)Range: Endemic .T. sanctabarbarae, but in the same paper  as being described from Santa Barbara Island. They doubted the taxonomic validity of these taxa.Notes. The correct spelling of this name is me paper  the incoused see : 35. DesTrigonoscuta sanctarosae Pierce, 1975Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: Santa Rosa : 47, 48Digitized Records: Santa Rosa (138 LACM)Range: Endemic .Nesocatoecus, which T. s. sanctarosae Pierce, 1975 and T. s. astragalensis Pierce, 1975.Notes. Described in the subgenus Trigonoscuta stantoni Sleeper, 1975Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 77Digitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Endemic .Nesocatoecus, which Notes. Described in the subgenus NaupactiniNotes. Four genera and seven species of Naupactini have been recorded from California .Naupactus Dejean, 1821Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Naupactus is known from California .Notes. One species of Naupactus cervinus Boheman, 1840Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 287Digitized Records: Santa Catalina , Santa Cruz (89 LACM)Range: Also known from mainland .Pantomorus fulleri (Horn) by Pantomorus cervinus in the literature. This species is introduced in North America Otiorhynchus have been recorded from California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Nicolas (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is adventive in North America from Europe .Sciopithes Horn, 1876Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Sciopithes have been recorded from California Literature Records: San Clemente : 131Digitized Records: noneRange: Endemic .Sciopithes setosus Casey, 1888Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: San Clemente : 188, SaDigitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Coreopsis gigantea on Santa Barbara Island.Notes. PeriteliniNotes. Sixteen genera and 37 species of Peritelini have been recorded from California .Geodercodes Casey, 1888Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Geodercodes occurs in North America Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 303, SaDigitized Records: San Clemente (8 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (11 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (16 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Nemocestes Van Dyke, 1936Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Geoderces Horn, 1876; M. L. Gimmel, 2022, unpublished data). Eight of these species were keyed by Notes. This genus contains nine species in California , Santa Cruz (6 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (3 SBMNH)Peritelinus Casey, 1888Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Notes. This genus contains two species in California . These wPeritelinus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Anacapa (6 SBMNH)Stenoptochus Casey, 1888Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Notes. This genus contains two species in California . These wStenoptochus undetermined speciesLiterature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)SitoniniNotes. One genus and nine species of Sitonini have been recorded from California .Sitona Germar, 1817Nomenclatural Authority: Bright (1994)Notes. This genus contains nine described species in California . These wSitona californius F\u00e5hraeus, 1840Nomenclatural Authority: Bright (1994)Literature Records: San Miguel (Digitized Records: Anacapa (16 LACM), San Miguel , Santa Catalina (2 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (5 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Sitona cockerelli Blaisdell, 1938, listed as such by S. californicus, later recognized with the spelling S. californius.Notes. This species was described and recorded by ErirhininaeNotes. Six genera and 10 species of Erirhininae have been recorded from California Notiodes have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Anderson (1996)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .HyperinaeNotes. Two genera and five species of Hyperinae have been recorded from California Hypera have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: O\u2019Brien & Wibmer (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (2 SBMNH), San Nicolas (1 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (16 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species is introduced in North America .LixinaeNotes. Three tribes, seven genera, and 30 species of Lixinae are known to occur in California .CleoniniNotes. Two genera and 17 species of Cleonini have been recorded from California . The speApleurus Chevrolat, 1873Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Apleurus are known to occur in California (Notes. Six species of lifornia .Apleurus (Apleurus) jacobinus Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (1988)Literature Records: San Miguel (Digitized Records: San Miguel (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Scaphomorphus Motschulsky, 1860Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Notes. This genus contains 12 species in California .Scaphomorphus americanus Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Literature Records: San Clemente  americanus Csiki, 1934. Cleonis americanus ; later, Cleonidius Casey, 1891. Cleonidius was more recently synonymized under the resurrected Scaphomorphus in Notes. This species was recorded by RhinocylliniNotes. Two genera and three species of Rhinocyllini are known to occur in California .Rhinocyllus Germar, 1817Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Notes. This genus contains a single species in California .Rhinocyllus conicus Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 289, SaDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 iNat)Range: Also known from mainland .Carduus nutans L. (Asteraceae)  . Althougeraceae) , 1977 reMolytinaeNotes. Eight tribes, 13 genera, and 24 species of Molytinae have been recorded from California .ConotracheliniNotes. Two genera and three species of Conotrachelini have been recorded from California .Micromastus LeConte, 1876Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Notes. This genus contains a single species in California .Micromastus gracilis Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Catalina (12 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .EmphyastiniNotes. Two genera and two species of Emphyastini have been recorded from California .Emphyastes Mannerheim, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Notes. This genus contains a single species in California . It was Emphyastes fucicola Mannerheim, 1852Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (7 SBMNH), San Nicolas , Santa Cruz (2 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 iNat)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Adults and larvae are associated with buried, decaying seaweed on sandy beaches .Thalasselephas Egorov & Korotyaev, 1976Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Phycocoetes LeConte, 1876 as Neophycocoetes O\u2019Brien & Wibmer, 1982 in Notes. This genus contains a single species in California . The genThalasselephas testaceus Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (4 SBMNH), San Nicolas (11 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (2 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. Adults of this species are found under seaweed on sandy beaches .RaymondionyminaeNotes. Three genera and five species of Raymondionyminae have been recorded from California .Gilbertiola Osella, 1982Nomenclatural Authority: Anderson (2002)Notes. This genus contains two described species from California .Gilbertiola undetermined speciesLiterature Records: Santa Catalina : 191Digitized Records: Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH)Gilbertiola by Notes. This species, represented by a single SBMNH specimen collected on Santa Catalina Island, was reported only as the genus ScolytinaeNotes. Two tribes, 49 genera, and 196 species of Scolytinae are known to occur in California Carphobius has not been previously reported from California Range: Endemic Notes. The San Clemente Island specimen cited above belongs to a new species that is currently under description .Carphoborus Eichhoff, 1864Nomenclatural Authority: Wood (1982)Notes. Nine species of this genus are reported from California .Carphoborus declivis Wood, 1954Nomenclatural Authority: Wood (1982)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Dendroctonus Erichson, 1836Nomenclatural Authority: Wood (1982)Notes. Six species of this genus are reported to occur in California .Dendroctonus valens LeConte, 1859Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz Range: Also known from mainland .ScolytiniNotes. Thirty-three genera and 127 species of Scolytini are known to occur in California Coccotrypes have been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Literature Records: Santa Catalina : 1078Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was introduced to North America .Dendrocranulus Schedl, 1937Nomenclatural Authority: Wood (1982)Dendrocranulus has been recorded from California Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 303Digitized Records: Anacapa (2 SBMNH), San Clemente (3 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (5 SBMNH), Santa Cruz (7 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (10 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Dendrocranulus californicus , now considered a junior synonym of D. cucurbitae Notes. This genus is represented in California by five species .Gnathotrichus pilosus Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (4 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Hypothenemus Westwood, 1836Nomenclatural Authority: Wood (1982)Notes. Only three species of this large genus have been recorded from California .Hypothenemus eruditus Westwood, 1836Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Clemente (1 SBMNH), Santa Catalina (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (11 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Ips DeGeer, 1775Nomenclatural Authority: Wood (1982)Ips plastographus maritimus Lanier, 1970 probably occurred on pines \u201con the islands off the coast of southern California and Mexico\u201d, but this species has not yet been recorded from the Channel Islands.Notes. Ips paraconfusus Lanier, 1970Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Literature Records: Santa Cruz (Digitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Monarthrum Kirsch, 1866Nomenclatural Authority: Wood (1982)Notes. Three species of this genus are known to occur in California .Monarthrum scutellare Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (6 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Pityophthorus Eichhoff, 1864Nomenclatural Authority: Wood (1982)Pityophthorus are known to occur in California Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (10 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Procryphalus Hopkins, 1915Nomenclatural Authority: Wood (1982)Notes. One species of this genus occurs in California .Procryphalus utahensis Hopkins, 1915Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: San Miguel (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Pseudips Cognato, 2000Nomenclatural Authority: Cognato (2000)Notes. This genus contains two species occurring in California .Pseudips mexicanus Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Literature Records: Santa Cruz : 86Digitized Records: noneRange: Also known from mainland .Ips mexicanus; however, Pseudips.Notes. Pseudopityophthorus Swaine, 1918Nomenclatural Authority: Wood (1982)Literature Records (genus-only): Santa Barbara : 132Eriophyllum (Asteraceae).Notes. Three species of this genus are known to occur in California . Miller Pseudopityophthorus agrifoliae Blackman, 1931Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Pseudopityophthorus pubipennis Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (1 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Stenoclyptus Blackman, 1943Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Stenocleptus\u201d in Notes. One species of this genus is known from California . The namStenoclyptus sulcatus Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Rosa (11 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Xyleborinus Reitter, 1913Nomenclatural Authority: Wood (1982)Notes. One species of this genus is known from California .Xyleborinus saxesenii Nomenclatural Authority: Atkinson (2021)Literature Records: noneDigitized Records: Santa Cruz (9 SBMNH), Santa Rosa (1 SBMNH)Range: Also known from mainland .Notes. This species was probably introduced to North America from Asia ."}
{"text": "Staphylococcus aureus (SA) bacteremia, including infective endocarditis. This study evaluated the activity of BPR and comparators against recent SA isolates causing bloodstream infections (BSI) in patients hospitalized at medical centers in the United States (US).Ceftobiprole (BPR) is an advanced-generation cephalosporin approved in Europe and many non-European countries for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and non\u2013ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults. A Phase 3 clinical trial (NCT03138733) was recently completed with BPR for the treatment of A total of 1,946 SA isolates from 32 US medical centers (2018\u20132020) were collected from patients with BSI. 53 isolates from endocarditis patients were included. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution method. MIC interpretations for BPR and comparators utilized European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) or CLSI criteria, respectively. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were non-susceptible to \u2265 3 of the following drugs without regard to oxacillin resistance: clindamycin, daptomycin, erthryomycin, gentamicin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. No isolates were resistant to linezolid, tigecycline, or vancomycin.50/90, 0.5/2 mg/L). The MIC50/90 values were stable over all 3 surveillance years and identical to previously reported values from analogous isolates collected in 2016\u20132017. BPR activity was maintained against the methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) subset . All isolates from endocarditis patients were susceptible to BPR. 10 MRSA isolates (0.5%) were resistant to BPR with MIC values of 4 mg/L. Of 288 MDR isolates, 96.9% remained susceptible to BPR, while only 78.8% of the same isolate set was susceptible to ceftaroline.BPR inhibited 99.5% of all SA at \u2264 2 mg/L, which is the EUCAST susceptibility breakpoint (MICin vitro results extend previous surveillance data that suggest that BPR represents a potential option for treating BSI and endocarditis caused by SA in US hospitals, including MRSA and MDR isolates.These Leonard R. Duncan, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Jennifer Smart, PhD, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds Mark E. Jones, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) developed and disseminated a Core Antimicrobial Stewardship (AS) Curriculum intended to formalize AS training in infectious diseases (ID) fellowship programs in 2018. This study identified individual program approaches to curriculum implementation and intended to use this information to develop an implementation guide tailored to specific program needs.We distributed surveys to all fellowship program directors (PDs) who had previously implemented the Core AS Curriculum. Questions were designed to identify ID program structure, curriculum participants, curriculum sections and materials utilized, and resources and barriers to implementation. Both structured and qualitative responses were captured. The results were summarized descriptively and organized into a framework connecting barriers to proposed solutions.Table 1). Additional learners often included ID faculty and pharmacy trainees, and teachers were mostly AS program leadership. Most PDs reported limited faculty time as a barrier to implementation, whereas dedicated AS curricular time was a resource available to most programs . Approaches to curriculum implementation based on survey responses relating to each fellowship program feature were suggested, some of which applied to multiple program features . Qualitative feedback was generally positive, and most PDs indicated that they intended to continue to implement the curriculum. Additional materials such as a facilitator guide and demonstrations were proposed as other components which could assist with curriculum implementation.PDs from 34 unique programs who had administered the Core Curriculum to an estimated 405 ID fellows responded to the survey, out of the 159 institutions invited (21.4%). Most represented adult programs which had administered the curriculum for at least 2 years (Roadmap with infectious diseases fellowship program features (rounded green boxes) connected to identified potential approaches to curriculum implementation (rectangular blue boxes). Program features are categorized as relating to conference structure, program resources, or program barriers. Suggested approaches with potential application to multiple program features are highlighted in orange.The IDSA Core AS curriculum provides an effective means of formalizing basic AS education into ID fellowship training. Curriculum implementation can be optimized by tailoring to training program resources and unique features. An implementation roadmap may be a useful tool to assist ID fellowship PDs with this task.Payal K. Patel, MD MPH, qiagen: Honoraria Julie Ann Justo, PharmD, MS, FIDSA, BCPS, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Vaxart: Stocks/Bonds Erica J. Stohs, MD, MPH, bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support Zachary Willis, MD, MPH, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc: Grant/Research Support Trevor C. Van Schooneveld, MD, FSHEA, FACP, AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Biomeriuex: Advisor/Consultant|Biomeriuex: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: Grant/Research Support|Thermo-Fischer: Honoraria Amy Y. Kang, Pharm.D., BCIDP, Paratek: Grant/Research Support Kartik Cherabuddi, MD, FACP, FIDSA, Contrafect Corporation: Grant/Research Support|Labcorp Drug Development: Grant/Research Support|Merck Sharp & Dohme: Grant/Research Support Gary Fong, PharmD, Critical Innovations, LLC: Advisor/Consultant Molly L. Paras, MD, Angiodynamics: Honoraria David Gaston, MD PhD, American Association of Clinical Chemistry: Honoraria|BioMerieux, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|IDbyDNA, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Illumina, Inc.: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Influenza poses a significant burden that can be effectively mitigated with antivirals. Baloxavir marboxil is an oral, single dose first-in-class endonuclease inhibitor that improves influenza symptoms and rapidly reduces virus shedding, shortening the infectious period and potentially reducing viral transmission. This study used real-world data to inform a cost-effectiveness (CE) model of antiviral treatment with baloxavir vs oseltamivir or no treatment.A decision tree CE model was developed for seasonal influenza between 2018 and 2020. Patients aged 12 and older could receive baloxavir, oseltamivir or no treatment . Outcomes included complications, recovery and death. Patient profile and characteristics, complications and costs were derived from the Merative\u2122 MarketScan\u00ae Research Databases, including US commercial claims, Medicare and Medicaid Supplemental databases. Healthcare resource use included outpatient visits, hospitalizations and intensive care unit admissions.Clinical inputs, recovery rates and utilities were derived from the literature. The base case model used a lifetime time horizon with 3.0% discounting for costs and 2.7% for quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), assuming no transmission reduction. A subgroup analysis was conducted for otherwise healthy (OwH) and high-risk groups; scenario analyses explored the impact of reduced viral transmission with baloxavir.In the base case analysis, baloxavir resulted in an incremental CE ratio (ICER) of $7788/QALY vs oseltamivir and $311/QALY vs no treatment; subgroup analyses showed even greater CE in the high-risk population (Table 1). Scenario analyses showed increasing net monetary benefit (NMB) with incremental reductions in viral transmission with baloxavir, where a 5% reduction in transmission yielded a NMB for baloxavir of $4153 vs oseltamivir and $13,098 vs no treatment .This real-world evidence-driven model showed that baloxavir is cost-effective vs oseltamivir or no treatment from a US payer perspective. Transmission reductions with baloxavir can have a substantial health economic benefit, and baloxavir may play an important role in management of seasonal influenza and pandemic preparedness.Svenn Hansen, n/a, F. Hoffman La Roche: Employee|F. Hoffman La Roche: Stocks/Bonds Shih-Chen Cheng, M.S., P.h.D, Genentech/F. Hoffman La Roche: Genentech Employee|Genentech/F. Hoffman La Roche: Stocks/Bonds Andy Surinach, MPH, Genentech/Roche: employee of Genesis Research which receives funding from Genentech/Roche for consulting services Vince Yau, PhD, Genentech/F. Hoffman La Roche: Genentech Employee|Genentech/F. Hoffman La Roche: Stocks/Bonds Jennie H. Best, PhD, Genentech: Stocks/Bonds Hassan Zaraket, PhD, F. Hoffman La Roche: Employee|F. Hoffman La Roche: Stocks/Bonds Hao Zhou, PhD, Genentech/F. Hoffman La Roche: Genentech Employee|Genentech/F. Hoffman La Roche: Stocks/Bonds Marie-Helene Blanchet Zumofen, PhD MBA, F. Hoffman La Roche: Employee|F. Hoffman La Roche: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC) infections, including multidrug resistant strains. Both arms were dosed on a background of imipenem/cilastatin (IMI) to treat co-infecting Gram-negative pathogens. 33% of infections in the primary efficacy population were polymicrobial.Recently, a global, active-controlled Phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of SUL-DUR vs. COL for patients with The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of SUL-DUR, colistin and imipenem against baseline isolates were determined by broth microdilution using CLSI guidelines. The primary efficacy endpoint was 28-day all-cause mortality (ACM) in patients with carbapenem-resistant ABC at baseline (CRABC m-MITT). Clinical and microbiological outcomes were evaluated at Test of Cure (TOC).28D ACM, clinical and microbiological outcomes were similar for patients in the SUL-DUR arm with either monomicrobial or polymicrobial ABC infections while patients in the COL arm with monomicrobial ABC infections had higher mortality rates with worse clinical and microbiological outcomes compared to those with polymicrobial infections (Table 1). Of the 12 patients in the SUL-DUR arm who did not survive to 28 days, 4 (33.3%) were attributed to the index infection . Of the 20 patients in the COL arm who did not survive to 28 days, 10 (50%) were attributed to the index infection  (Table 2).SUL-DUR was equally efficacious in patients with monomicrobial vs. polymicrobial ABC baseline infections and an equal percentage of deaths (33%) were attributable to the index infection in each sub-group. Although fewer patients in the COL arm died with polymicrobial ABC infections  than monomicrobial ABC infections , 60% of the former (3 of 5) were attributable to polymicrobial ABC infections while 46.7% of the latter (7 of 15) were attributable to monomicrobial ABC infections. These results suggest that, if approved, the use of SUL-DUR plus a carbapenem could be an effective approach to treat polymicrobial infections that include ABC.Alita Miller, PhD, Entasis Therapeutics: employee|Entasis Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Sarah McLeod, PhD, Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Employee|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Employee|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Adam B. Shapiro, Ph.D, Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Employee|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Khurram Rana, PharmD, Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Employee|Innoviva Specialty Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds David Altarac, MD, MPA, Entasis Therapeutics: Full Time Employee"}
{"text": "Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with cerliponase alfa (Brineura) has been shown to slow progression of milestone deterioration in Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis Type 2 (CLN2), an inherited neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder. Brineura must be administered intraventricularly every 2 weeks, necessitating the placement of ventricular reservoirs and requiring frequent access. Traditionally, positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures are managed with device replacement and antibiotic treatment. We sought to establish which circumstances might allow for careful observation without device removal. In this study, we report our single-institution experience with clinical outcomes of positive CSF cultures in 16 CLN2 patients over 6 years.We retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 16 patients with CLN2 disease who had ventricular reservoirs placed for ERT administration. At each ERT infusion, CSF was collected by sterile technique and cultured by both thioglycolate broth and agar plate. Epidemiologic and microbiologic data, symptomatology, total antibiotic days, removal and replacement of ventricular reservoir, hospital length of stay, and mortality were analyzed for each patient.Cutibacterium acnes, which typically grew in only broth culture (82%), suggesting low bacterial burden . The other 7 patients with positive cultures remained asymptomatic with no intervention required.In our cohort, 11 of 16 patients (69%) had at least one positive CSF culture . Of the 11 with positive cultures, only 3 had their device removed and replaced for a positive culture with concurrent antibiotic treatment at our center, and 2 patients subsequently have been treated with prophylactic antibiotics at infusions . Out of 1401 total CSF cultures, 64 (4.56%) were positive. The most common organism grown was At our institution, we have found that in asymptomatic patients with frequently accessed ventricular reservoirs, positive CSF culture with low virulence skin flora was common, and rarely required intervention. This strategy reduced the risks of invasive surgery, prolonged antibiotic courses, and missed infusions. In the future, routine screening cultures in asymptomatic patients can be avoided.Raymond Wang, MD, Biomarin Pharmaceutical: Advisor/Consultant|Biomarin Pharmaceutical: Grant/Research Support|Biomarin Pharmaceutical: equity interest Antonio C. Arrieta, MD, FIDSA, FPIDS, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Honoraria|Cumberland Pharmaceutical: Grant/Research Support|IDbyDNA: Advisor/Consultant|IDbyDNA: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Roche/Genentech: Grant/Research Support|The Medicine Company: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Carbapenem-resistant bacteria in patients with cancer are concerning due to the high risk of infection and mortality rates; however, the characteristics and prognoses of carbapenem-resistant infections in this population are currently unknown in Japan. We hence investigated the features and outcomes of carbapenem-resistant bacterial infections (CRBI) in patients with cancer in Japan.From April 1, 2019, to March 31, 2022, patients with CRBI who either had cancer or no cancer were prospectively enrolled at eight centers as part of the Multi-Drug Resistant Organisms Clinical Research Network (MDRnet). The primary outcome was the 30-day all-cause mortality rates in patients with and without cancer. Two secondary outcomes were evaluated: 1) composite outcomes including mortality, worsening of clinical course after culture collection, intensive care unit stay, intubation, new dialysis from the date of culture collection to the end of antimicrobial therapy, and readmission within 90 days after discharge; and 2) the length of hospital stay after CRBI excluding death.We included a total of 167 patients, with 66 (39.5%) in the cancer group and 101 (60.5%) in the non-cancer group. The 30-day mortality rates in the cancer and non-cancer groups were 18.2% (12/66) and 14.0% (14/101), respectively (p = 0.45), while the composite outcomes in the cancer and non-cancer groups were 56.1% (37/66) and 43.6% (44/101), respectively (p = 0.12). Average duration of hospitalization was not significantly different between the two groups . Propensity score analysis using inverse probability weighting also showed no significant difference in 30-day mortality and average duration of hospitalization ; however, the composite outcome was significantly higher in the cancer group than in non-cancer controls .There was no difference in 30-day mortality rates between the cancer and non-cancer patient groups; however, we found a significant difference in the composite outcome. Patients with cancer who had CRBI experienced a worse clinical course that non-cancer patients.Masahiro Suzuki, PhD, KANTO Chemical co., inc.: Grant/Research Support Yasufumi Matsumara, MD, PhD, Beckman Coulter: Grant/Research Support|Presicion System Science: Grant/Research Support|Toyobo: Grant/Research Support David van Duin, MD, PhD, Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria|Qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Union: Advisor/Consultant|Utility: Advisor/Consultant Yohei Doi, MD, PhD, bioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|FujiFilm: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Meiji Seika Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Honoraria|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Honoraria Sho Saito, MD, PhD, Shionogi & Company, Limited: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Candida species directly from a whole blood specimen within 3-5 hours . The objective of this study is to identify predictors of 30-day mortality in patients with candidemia identified by T2Candida Panel.Candidemia is associated with mortality rates exceeding 40%. However, prior studies indicate mortality may be reduced when antifungal therapy is initiated within 12 hours. The T2Candida Panel is a diagnostic assay that detects This is a retrospective, multicenter study of critically ill patients with candidemia identified by T2Candida Panel from January 2016 - December 2022. Critically ill patients were defined as those who developed candidemia during an intensive care unit (ICU) stay or within 72 hours of ICU admission or discharge. T2Candida sites were chosen across the United States based on T2Candida utilization. Exclusion criteria were patients < 18 years of age, those with prophylactic indications for antifungal therapy, prisoners and pregnant patients. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality measured from the T2Candida draw time.There were 171 ICU patients from seven institutions with candidemia identified by T2Candida panel. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age was 59.7 (14.8) years and 52.1% were male. Mean (SD) APACHE II and Charlson Comorbidity Index scores were 20.6 (7.1) and 4.9 (2.8), respectively. Empiric antifungal therapy was administered to 36.8% of patients and the majority received infectious diseases (ID) consult (92.4%). Echinocandins were the most common agents used for empiric (72.7%) and definitive therapy (62.6%). Overall, 30-day mortality occurred in 36.0% and was not associated with antifungal de-escalation. Administration of empiric therapy  and ID consult  were associated with reduced odds of 30-day mortality.Empiric antifungal administration and ID consult were independently associated with reduced odds of 30-day mortality in patients with candidemia identified by T2Candida Panel. Future studies are needed to evaluate the impact of the T2Candida panel on antifungal stewardship.Ryan K. Shields, PharmD, MS, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Utility: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Grant/Research Support Michael J. Rybak, PharmD, PhD, MPH, Abbvie, Merck, Paratek, Shionogi, Entasis, La Jolla, T2 Biosystems: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "A 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) was recently licensed for use in children by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration. PCV20 includes 5 and 7 more serotypes than the 15- (PCV15) and 13-valent (PCV13) vaccines, respectively. This study assessed healthcare providers\u2019 (HCPs) preferences for possible changes in pediatric pneumococcal vaccination recommendations, including transitioning from lower-valent vaccines to PCV20 among children partially vaccinated with PCV13/15, administering a supplemental dose of PCV20 among children < 5 years vaccinated with PCV13/15, and using PCV20 alone instead of in sequence with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) in children with underlying medical conditions. HCP preferences for the use of PCV15 or PCV20 for children aged \u2264 18 years were also elicited.Pediatricians (N = 268), family medicine physicians/general practitioners (N = 184), physician assistants (N = 77), and nurse practitioners (N = 74) who prescribed, recommended, or administered a pneumococcal vaccine to a child \u2264 18 years in the past 3 months completed an online survey. HCPs responded to direct elicitation questions to assess preferences for each of the potential pneumococcal vaccination recommendations considered above. Practice characteristics, knowledge and awareness of current pediatric pneumococcal vaccination recommendations, and rationale for choices in the preference questions were also assessed.HCPs preferred recommendations that provided protection against more serotypes; 76% of HCPs in this study favored transitioning children who started vaccination with PCV13/15 to PCV20 , and most (\u2265 60%) favored a supplemental dose of PCV20 for all children < 5 years fully vaccinated with PCV13/15 . 93% of surveyed HCPs preferred PCV20 over PCV15 for children \u2264 18 years . Among those who preferred PCV20, more than 80% based their decision mainly on serotype coverage.HCPs indicated preference for pediatric pneumococcal vaccination recommendations that provide greater serotype coverage. These results and other data on stakeholder preferences will help inform the updated pediatric pneumococcal vaccination recommendations.Jeffrey T. Vietri, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employment|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Liping Huang, MD, MA, MS, Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Vincenza Snow, MD, Pfizer Vaccines: employee|Pfizer Vaccines: Stocks/Bonds Brett Hauber, PhD, Pfizer: Brett Hauber is an employee of Pfizer. this study was funded by Pfizer, Inc.|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Adriano Arguedas, Medical director, Pfizer: Emplyee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Alejandro D. Cane, MD, PhD, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Maria J Tort, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Anna Pierce, BBA, Pfizer, Inc.: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Lipid metabolism disorders (LMD) can cause a series of metabolic diseases, including hyperlipidemia, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis (AS). Its development is caused by more pathogenic factors, among which intestinal flora dysbiosis is considered to be an important pathogenic mechanism of LMD. In recent years, the research on intestinal flora has made great progress, opening up new perspectives on the occurrence and therapeutic effects of diseases. With its complex composition and wide range of targets, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used to prevent and treat LMD. This review takes intestinal flora as a target, elaborates on the scientific connotation of TCM in the treatment of LMD, updates the therapeutic thinking of LMD, and provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment. With the development of society and the improvement of living conditions, the incidence of lipid metabolism disorders (LMDs) is increasing year by year and showing a trend of rejuvenation, which seriously threatens human health. Abnormal lipid metabolism is a pathological process of elevated blood lipid levels and ectopic lipid deposition caused by genetic or acquired factors, and is an important risk factor for many metabolic diseases. Lipid metabolism is central to this process, and when lipid biosynthesis and degradation are abnormal, or when lipoprotein synthesis, metabolism, and transport are impaired, this can lead to disorders of lipid metabolism, contributing to hyperlipoproteinemia , obesityBacteroidetes, and an increase in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia  Wolf  water insoluble polysaccharide (WIP) improved markedly glucose and lipid metabolism in ob/ob mice, and the underlying mechanism may be associated with increased numbers of butyrate-producing bacteria Lachnospiracea and Clostridium, elevated butyrate levels in the intestine, improved intestinal barrier function, and activated the intestinal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 (PPAR-\u03b3) pathway (Akkermansia muciniphila and down-regulating the production of pro-inflammatory proteins (Blautia greatly reduced the cholesterol-lowering efficacy of berberine (BBR), revealing that intestinal flora plays a crucial part in BBR\u2019s hypolipidemic impact  , which hydrolyzes conjugated BAs and regulates BAs-mediated lipid metabolism  ratio represents a healthier gut microbial environment, and the risk of obesity and LMD may be increased by an elevated F/B ratio  . In additabolism . Therefo/B ratio . Firmicureatment . Akkermaammation . Bifidobeostasis . Long-teiate LMD . In anotmic rats . Bacterodiseases . LMD infdiseases . Therefovia the cellular bypass pathway, resulting in metabolic endotoxemia, inflammation and metabolic disorders , and a small proportion is processed by CYP27A1 and CYP7B1 in extrahepatic sites . Primary BAs, which including cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), can bind to glycine or taurine to form conjugated BAs like glycocholic acid (GCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA) and taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA). The bile salt export pump (BSEP) or ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 5 (ABCG5)/ABCG8 subsequently actively transfers these conjugated BAs into the bile, where they contribute to lipid emulsification when the food enters the intestine . The apiactivity . BAs canactivity . In summTrimethylamine oxide (TMAO) is an intestinal flora-dependent metabolite formed by the oxidation of trimethylamine (TMA) in the liver by flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO), especially FMO3 . StudiesObesity, NAFLD and AS are frequently associated with LMD. Therefore, for the efficient implementation of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) preventive and treatment methods, early diagnosis of dyslipidemia and monitoring changes in its levels are key foundations.F/B ratio, while patients with LMD tend to have high F/B ratio  as routine lipid testing items. In addition, the clinical testing items of oxLDL, FFA and non-HDL-C are also receiving increasing attention. In recent years, assays for intestinal flora and its metabolites have also been increasingly used to assist in monitoring lipid levels. Usually healthy people have low /B ratio . The mai/B ratio . SCFA is/B ratio . BA is p/B ratio . Serum T/B ratio . TherefoDesulfovibrio was considerably decreased following ezetimibe treatment and had a negative correlation with TG and HDL-C levels  StatC levels . PCSK9 iC levels . FurtherC levels . In contC levels . Thus, iTCM is widely utilized to treat metabolic diseases in China. The effective components of TCM can directly interact with the intestinal flora once they enter the intestinal system by oral administration and produce therapeutic effects. Studies have shown that TCM  can effectively modify the host intestinal flora structure and its metabolite levels, repair the intestinal mucosal barrier, reduce inflammatory infiltration, as well as regulate lipid metabolism-related pathways and genes expression to correct LMD . TherefoGanoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) (G. lucidum polysaccharide and chitosan (PC)    resistant starch (PYRS)   , G. lucisan (PC) , Puerarisan (PC) , Luteolisan (PC) , Naringisan (PC) , Inulin san (PC) , Epigallsan (PC) , RSV (Chsan (PC)  greatly s (MXYG) , Tian Hus (MXYG) , Tea sees (MXYG) , Kaempfes (MXYG) , Green Bs (MXYG)  were abls (YPHZ) , Qinggans (YPHZ) , Jiangzhs (YPHZ) , Modfieds (YPHZ) , Purple h (PYRS)  and PLS h (PYRS)  also incwhile PC  and Porpwhile PC  were abls (IPTS)  treatmen extract , Jabotic extract  were ablk inulin  and Yinck inulin  can upreeic acid  treatmenF/B ratio in animals with a HFD has been experimentally confirmed. It was found that some natural medicine extracts, proprietary Chinese medicines and Chinese herbal formulas reduce F/B ratio by decreasing Firmicutes abundance and increasing Bacteroidetes abundance, such as Guizhi Tang (GZT) (Laminaria japonica polysaccharide (LJP) (Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim.  (Lonicera caerulea L. berry polyphenols (LCBP) (Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were not mentioned after applying interventions such as Jieyu Qutan Huazhuo Prescription (JYQTHZ) (Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino  (GP)  , Naoxintng (GZT) , Huangling (GZT) , Quyu Hung (GZT) , Dangguing (GZT) , Laminarde (LJP) , Porphyrde (LJP) , Ethyl A caulis]  and Lonis (LCBP) . In cont(JYQTHZ) , Shenerj(JYQTHZ) , Jian Pi(JYQTHZ) , Shanmei(JYQTHZ) , Tongxin(JYQTHZ) , Hugan Q(JYQTHZ) , Compoun(JYQTHZ) , Jiangan(JYQTHZ) , Jiangzh(JYQTHZ) , Procyan(JYQTHZ) , Resista(JYQTHZ) , Tea pol(JYQTHZ)  and Gynoba] (GP) , and onlSenna tora (L.) Roxb.  (ST) (Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBPs)     , Biejia en] (ST) , Astragaen] (ST) , Lycium e (LBPs) , Inulin e (LBPs) , EGCG (Ze (LBPs) , Usnea dta] (UD)  and Momoae] (MC)  also sigae] (MC) , Gegen Qae] (MC) , Diammonae] (MC)  and GLP ae] (MC)  significae] (MC)  and JZG ae] (MC)  elevatedae] (MC) . Akkermaion. RSV , BBR (Zhion. RSV  and Rosae (RTFP)  were ablDesulfovibrio, a producer of LPS, was positively correlated with inflammation and LMD. Danlou Tablet (DLT) (Rhizoma Coptidis (RC) alkaloids  (The abundance of et (DLT) , DZSM (Get (DLT) , GQD (Liet (DLT) , SLBZ (Zet (DLT) , DG (Li et (DLT) , Chitoolet (DLT) , Rhizomalkaloids , Baicalilkaloids , Quercetlkaloids  and BBR lkaloids  might ambly, DLT , Gastrodbly, DLT  could dobly, DLT , Citrus bly, DLT , HGQZ  , Honokios (RLPs) , Fucoidas (RLPs)  and ST (s (RLPs)  were fous (RLPs) , Chaihu s (RLPs) , RSV (Chs (RLPs) , ST (Luos (RLPs) , Zhibitas (RLPs) , Xiaoyaos (RLPs) , JGJZ (Zs (RLPs) , Qinghuas (RLPs) , RTFP (Zs (RLPs) , LBPs (Gs (RLPs) , Noni frs (RLPs) , Inulin s (RLPs) , Quercets (RLPs) , BBR (Wus (RLPs) , GP (Shes (RLPs) , CPP (Hus (RLPs) , Paeonols (RLPs)  and Blacs (RLPs)  had effeLuffa cylindrica (L.) Roem  (LC)   and Berber] (LC)  resultedZanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.  (ZB)       , Ginkgo um] (ZB) , Inulin um] (ZB) , NFP (Yaum] (ZB) , TP (Wanum] (ZB) , Bilberrum] (ZB)  and COSMum] (ZB)  significum] (ZB)  and JZG um] (ZB)  intervene (QXJY)  and watee (QXJY)  intervenca (MLJ) , Quercetca (MLJ) , Myricetca (MLJ) , MC (Baica (MLJ)  and GLP ca (MLJ)  administon (ECD)  and EGCGon (ECD)  administia; HGQZ  and DG  , Black tt (GXNT)  and RLPst (GXNT)  treatmenns (GPS)  administnic acid . BTP trenic acid . WIP trenic acid . Dingxinnic acid . The mecnic acid .Radix scutellariae water extract (Penthorum chinense Pursh. (PCP) extract  , Eucommi extract , HYQT  can provide new perspectives for understanding LMD, and promote the development of research and treatment methods of metabolism disorders.Akkermansia to repair intestinal barrier function  against liver fatty lesions in rats (Akkermansia abundance, it also enhanced intestinal tight junction protein expression and colonic mucus layer thickness, reduced HFD-induced metabolic endotoxemia and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory factors and chemokines (Desulfovibrio was reduced in NAFLD rats, and LPS production as well as the secretion of inflammatory factors were inhibited, resulting in improvement of LMD (Prevotella, promoted the production of SCFAs such as Propionic acid and butyric acid, and reduced lipid levels in NAFLD mice (In this review, we systematically analyzed the previous related literature and found that intestinal flora and its metabolites may be major targets of TCM for treating LMD . The comfunction ; upregulesponses ; promotixcretion . At the l health . Notably in rats , while Bemokines . After St of LMD . NXT redt of LMD . RLPs inFLD mice . In addiFLD mice . Given iFLD mice . MyricetFLD mice . After tFLD mice . QGE proFLD mice . RSV regFLD mice . HYQT maFLD mice . It can The study of the interaction between TCM and intestinal microorganisms has an important prospect, and the in-depth study of the interaction between TCM and intestinal flora is conducive to the elucidation of the potential mechanisms of TCM in preventing and treating LMD, as well as to the enrichment of TCM theory. In recent years, a few reviews have been reported on the regulation of intestinal flora by TCM to improve metabolic diseases, but there are shortcomings such as few included studies and few diseases involved . Based oIn summary, intestinal microecology plays a significant part in the development of LMD, and the regulation of intestinal flora and its metabolites is a potential new therapeutic target for LMD. TCM has obtained some achievements in improving lipid metabolism disorder diseases, probably by regulating intestinal flora and its metabolites, but in order to clarify the precise mechanism of action, more extensive research will still be required in the future."}
{"text": "Candida auris (CAU) epidemiology is evolving rapidly. Manogepix is the active moiety of the novel prodrug antifungal fosmanogepix (FMGX), and has broad-spectrum activity against yeasts and moulds, including CAU. Fluconazole (FLC) resistance (R) is common in CAU and R to amphotericin B (AMB) and echinocandins (ECHs) is documented. Global trends on CAU frequency and susceptibility (S) rates to MGX and comparators were evaluated through the MGX Surveillance Program.n=22; 6 centers), Europe , Asia-Pacific , and Latin America  were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and tested by CLSI broth microdilution. CDC tentative breakpoints (BP) were applied.A total of 77 CAU collected (1/patient) in 2017\u20132022 from 12 medical centers in North America  and 65 in 2020\u20132022 . CAU incidence spiked between these two time periods in NA (6 to 16), EU (0 to 32), and LA (6 to 16). MGX showed potent activity against CAU overall , inhibiting all isolates at \u2264 0.06 mg/L. MGX was 8-fold more active than ECHs , which inhibited all but 1 isolate at their respective BPs (98.7%S). FLC-R rates rose from 66.7% in 2017\u20132019 to 89.2% in 2020\u20132022, but varied among regions from 100.0% in EU to 90.9% in NA and 59.1% in LA. Only 1 AP isolate was recovered in 2022. This isolate exhibited an MGX MIC of 0.015 mg/L and was S to ECH and AMB but R to FLC. A decrease in AMB S rates was noted overall (from 91.7% to 84.6%). The lower AMB S rate was observed in NA isolates (63.6%S) rather than EU (93.8%S) and LA (95.5%S) isolates. The FLC-R and AMB-R phenotypes were noted in 11 isolates . MGX  and ECH (100%S) remained active against those highly R isolates.CAU were mainly recovered from bloodstream infections (68.8%). Twelve CAU isolates were recovered in 2017\u20132019 , bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Beth Hatch, BS, MT(ASCP), Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "CAR-T therapy has revolutionized the treatment of relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies. Patients who are receiving such therapy are susceptible to an increased incidence of infections due to post-treatment immunosuppression. The need for antifungal prophylaxis during the period of neutropenia remains to be determined. The clinical outcome of a 55-year-old patient with relapsed/refractory DLBCL who received axicabtagene ciloleucel is described here. The patient developed CRS grade II and ICANS grade IV requiring tocilizumab, prolonged use of steroids and anakinra. An invasive pulmonary aspergillosis arose after 1 month from CAR-T reinfusion, resolved with tracheal sleeve pneumonectomy. The patient is now in Complete Remission. This case suggests that antifungal prophylaxis should be considered. We have now included micafungin as a standard prophylaxis in our institution. Therapy with chimeric antigen receptor T cells directed against the CD19 antigen (CD19 CAR-T) has substantially changed the outcomes of the patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma . CAR T-r6 CD3+ T cells . CAR-HAMATOTOX (HT) score was 3 (high risk) (9/L > 7 days), until neutrophil recovery (day +10). On day +1, the patient developed fever with unstable cardiopulmonary function and concomitant IL-6 arising   with multiple involvement of the right lung, had persistent disease after three prior lines of treatments, including anti-CD20 antibody, alkylating agents, anthracycline and antimetabolites. She had no other relevant past medical history, with an ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) Performance Status score of 1 and no organ dysfunctions including normal left-ventricular ejection fraction. She was not candidate for an autologous stem cell transplant because of refractory disease and she was referred for treatment with CD19 CAR-T cell therapy using axicabtagene ciloleucel (gh risk) . Anti-vi arising Figure\u00a02ery day +. On day 9/L > 7 days) severe hypogammaglobulinaemia and disease localization in the right lung are present in our case. With several recommendations in place for CAR T-cell treatments, the appropriate management of infectious consequences remains a clinical challenge  for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article. Written informed consent was obtained from the participant/patient(s) for the publication of this case report.EP: Investigation, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing, Data curation, Formal Analysis, Funding acquisition. PS: Data curation, Investigation, Writing \u2013 review & editing, Supervision. LC: Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing \u2013 review & editing. FR: Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing \u2013 review & editing. AD: Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Writing \u2013 review & editing. GD: Data curation, Investigation, Writing \u2013 review & editing. RG: Formal Analysis, Methodology, Writing \u2013 review & editing. FG: Formal Analysis, Data curation, Writing \u2013 review & editing. GC: Methodology, Validation, Writing \u2013 review & editing. BF: Methodology, Formal Analysis, Writing \u2013 review & editing. SB: Formal Analysis, Methodology, Data curation, Writing \u2013 review & editing. MD: Formal Analysis, Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing."}
{"text": "Race/ethnicity (R/E) may be an independent risk factor for developing long COVID or post-acute sequelae SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Evaluation of real-world data will likely reveal PASC-related sociodemographic  disparities.A retrospective claims cohort analysis of Medicare, Medicaid, and Commercial fully-insured members  between October 2021 to December 2022 was conducted to identify members with PASC . Overall differences in PASC estimated incidence and symptomatology and its duration were explored with post-hoc analyses to examine the influence of R/E and insurance type.P = 1.0) had lower incidence . Post-hoc analyses by R/E and insurance type indicated this trend persisted for Asian or Unknown members across all insurance types . Furthermore, compared to White members, lower PASC incidence (P < .001) was observed for a) Black Medicaid and Medicare; b) Hispanic Medicaid; and c) AI/AN Medicare members. The most frequent PASC symptoms identified by claims were pulmonary (36%), neurologic (17%), and cardiac (15%). Compared to White members , Black members had more cardiac symptoms in Medicaid and Medicare groups and more pulmonary symptoms in Commercially insured; and Hispanic or Unknown members had fewer pulmonary, neurologic, and cardiac symptoms among all insured. There were no differences in PASC symptom duration by R/E within insurance type .Overall PASC estimated incidence  was 0.61% and was highest among American Indian/Alaskan Native  members, followed by White (0.78%), Black or Hispanic (0.49%), Pacific Islander , and Asian or Unknown (0.34%) R/E groups. Compared to White members, all other R/E groups except AI/AN (Hispanic and Unknown members had fewer claims for PASC than White members, which may indicate a lower disease burden or disparities in care access. Despite having overall less PASC estimated incidence than White members, Black members had more cardiac and pulmonary symptoms. Pulmonary symptoms were most frequently identified in all R/E groups. There was no association of PASC symptom duration between R/E within insurance type.KJ Craig, PhD, cvs Health Inc: employment|cvs Health Inc: Stocks/Bonds Amanda Zaleski, PhD, CVS: Employee|CVS: Stocks/Bonds Michael Wiggins, MPH, CVS: Employee|CVS: Stocks/Bonds Leah Altieri-Alger, MPH, CVS: Employee|CVS: Stocks/Bonds Dorothea Verbrugge, MD, CVS: Employee|CVS: Stocks/Bonds Richard R. Watkins, MD, MS, FACP, FIDSA, FISAC, bioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|CVS: Employee|CVS: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Severe COVID-19 predicts increased risk of Post-COVID conditions (PCC). However, the impact of mild COVID-19 in non-hospitalized patients on development of PCC is less clear.We recruited individuals with mild SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2) infection from 7 US sites into a household transmission study, Sep. 2021\u2013Dec. 2022. Index cases and their household contacts (HHC) were enrolled \u22646 days after the index case tested positive for SCV2. At baseline, participants provided sociodemographic, clinical and vaccine history, and dried blood spot for antibody detection. Participants completed daily symptom and medication diaries and collected nasal swabs for quantitative PCR (qPCR) for 10 days as well as a 90-day survey including the PROMIS\u00ae Global Health measure of physical, mental, and social health. We defined PCC as presence of \u22651 symptom (Table 1) most or almost all of the time 90 days post enrollment . We calculated the proportion of PCC among adults with SCV2 infection and evaluated factors associated with PCC using Chi-squared, Student\u2019s t-test, or binary logistic regression, as applicableAt 90-days after enrollment, participants were asked how often they experience a list of 17 symptoms with response options of never, sometimes, most of the time, almost all the time. Those who responded most or almost all the time to at least one of the listed symptoms and tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during enrollment or daily swabbing were defined as having PCC. Constitutional symptoms include fever, fatigue, and dizziness/lightheadedness; Neuropsychiatric symptoms include brain fog, change in mood, problems sleeping, tingling/numbness, and dizziness/lightheadedness; Respiratory symptoms include cough and dyspnea; Cardiovascular symptoms include chest pain and dizziness/lightheadedness; Gastrointestinal symptoms include change in taste/smell, vomiting, constipation, and diarrhea.Among 532 adults with SCV2 who completed a 90-day survey, 326 (61.3%) were female, mean age was 47.4 years (SD 16.8), and 89 (17%) met PCC definition. Among people with PCC, the most common symptoms were neuropsychiatric (60%), fatigue (35%), respiratory (34%), and sleep problems ; 41% reported \u2265 2 symptoms and 23% reported \u2265 3. HHC had lower odds of PCC compared to index cases , college graduates had higher odds of PCC compared to non-graduates  and participants with comorbidities had twice the odds of PCC compared to those without . There were no significant associations between viral load, antibodies, or treatment during acute illness and PCC (Table 3). PCC was associated with higher odds of reporting poor/fair quality of life , physical health , mental health , and social satisfaction .In this household transmission study, 17% of ambulatory adults with COVID-19 reported PCC symptoms 90 days after acute infection. Index cases, people with comorbidities, and college graduates had higher odds of PCC.Michelle Floris-Moore, MD, MS, Viiv Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant Carlos G. Grijalva, MD, MPH, AHRQ: Grant/Research Support|CDC: Grant/Research Support|FDA: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Syneos Health: Grant/Research Support Lisa Saiman, MD MPH, Merck & Co., Inc,: Grant/Research Support|Merck & Co., Inc,: Member, DSMB|Pfizer, Inc: Member, DSMB Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Site Investigator, DSMB member Huong McLean, PhD, MPH, Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Suchitra Rao, MBBS, MSCS, Sequiris: Advisor/Consultant Edwin J. Asturias, MD, Hillevax: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The presence of pathogenic bacteria in the anterior nares has gained substantial attention due to its association with an increased risk for surgical site infections. Nasal decolonization has been shown to reduce the risk for SSIs. Recent studies have suggested that the profile of the nose microbiome is a determining factor for the susceptibility to develop SSIs. Therefore, this prospective clinical trial was set up to study the profile of nasal microbiome and test the effect of a specific nasal decolonization solution on the microbiome.We conducted a prospective study on 50 individuals who were randomly assigned to receive a nasal antiseptic solution (n=25) or a control PBS solution (n=25). The antiseptic solution (containing povidone-iodine [PVP-I] as the main ingredient) or PBS was administered with a cotton swab and a rotatory movement for 15 s in the anterior part of both nares. Nasal swabs were obtained before application (baseline) and at 3 different timepoints after application . Nasal swabs were subjected next generation sequencing (NGS) analyses and cultured in trypticase soy agar plates.Study designFifty volunteers were recruited for this randomized clinical trial. Block randomization was performed to determine group allocation, thus, PVP-I (n=25) or PBS (n=25) application in the anterior nares. We assessed bioburden at baseline, 5 minutes, 2 hours, and 24 hours post-application, meanwhile microbial diversity and mucociliary clearance was assessed at baseline and 24 hours post-application. Bacterial associations were assessed at baseline and non-desired events were examined at every follow-up visit.10 3.538 \u00b1 0.918 at 5 min; log10 2.961 \u00b1 1.466 at 2 hours; and log10 0.849 \u00b1 1.092 at 24 hours; p< 0.01), compared to PBS. At baseline, there were substantial associations between anaerobic species, Corynebacterium spp, Staphylococcus spp, and Dolosigranulum spp. The top species affected by the treatment were C. acnes, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium species, among others. None of the subjects in the study experienced any adverse effects associated with this study, nor increases in MCC time.A high bioburden reduction was observed after the application of PVP-I (logBioburden reduction (A) and mucociliary clearance assessment (B)A) Data is expressed as mean \u00b1 SEM CFU log10 reduction, from baseline bioburden. B) Sweetness detection, in minutes, at baseline and 24 hours post-application.Bacterial composition.A) Relative abundance of the most prevalent bacterial species and B) heatmap illustrating the mean relative abundance of bacteria detected to be differentially abundant by ANCOMBC procedure. A cell colored in black can be considered \u201ctrue\u201d zero, whereas there were no detections of a particular bacteria for that given cell.Network plot shows associations among bacterial species with p<0.10.Each node represents a species and is linked by species associations.There was a considerable difference in the profile of nasal microbiome organisms between individuals. Intranasal application of the PVP-I antiseptic led to a substantial reduction of the nasal flora for up to 24 hours after application. Restoration of the microbial population was observed with slight variations to the baseline profiles. Antiseptic solutions applied to the anterior nares can transiently and markedly reduce the bioburden of the nose.Javad Parvizi, MD, FRCS, 3M: Grant/Research Support|Acumed, LLC: Stocks/Bonds|Aesculap: Grant/Research Support|Alphaeon: Stocks/Bonds|AO Spine: Stocks/Bonds|Becton Dickenson: Advisor/Consultant|Biomet: Grant/Research Support|Cardinal Health: Advisor/Consultant|Cempra: Grant/Research Support|CeramTec: Grant/Research Support|Ceribell: Stocks/Bonds|Coracoid: Stocks/Bonds|Corentec: Advisor/Consultant|Datatrace: Grant/Research Support|DePuy: Grant/Research Support|Elsevier: Grant/Research Support|Elute: Stocks/Bonds|Ethicon: Advisor/Consultant|Hip Innovation Technology: Stocks/Bonds|Illuminus: Stocks/Bonds|Integra: Grant/Research Support|Intellijoint: Stocks/Bonds|Jaypee Publishers: Grant/Research Support|KCI / 3M (Acelity): Advisor/Consultant|Lima: Grant/Research Support|MicroGenDx: Advisor/Consultant|Molecular Surface Technologies: Stocks/Bonds|Myoscience: Grant/Research Support|Nanooxygenic: Stocks/Bonds|National Institutes of Health (NIAMS & NICHD): Grant/Research Support|NDRI: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Grant/Research Support|OREF: Grant/Research Support|Orthospace: Grant/Research Support|Osteal: Stocks/Bonds|Parvizi Surgical Innovations and Subsidiaries: Stocks/Bonds|Peptilogic: Stocks/Bonds|Peptilogics: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|PRN-Veterinary: Grant/Research Support|Rotation Medical: Grant/Research Support|Simplify Medical: Grant/Research Support|SLACK Incorporated: Grant/Research Support|Smith & Nephew: Grant/Research Support|Sonata: Stocks/Bonds|Stelkast: Grant/Research Support|Stryker: Grant/Research Support|Synthes: Grant/Research Support|Tenor: Advisor/Consultant|TissueGene: Grant/Research Support|Tornier: Grant/Research Support|Wolters Kluwer Health - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Grant/Research Support|Zimmer Biomet: Advisor/Consultant|Zimmer Biomet: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Hospital-onset (HO) carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections are increasing; recently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported a 35% increase during the COVID-19 pandemic. We evaluated the impact of HO CRE blood stream infections (BSI) on outcomes compared to community-onset (CO) CRE BSI.Patients prospectively enrolled in CRACKLE-2 from 56 hospitals in 10 countries between April 30, 2016 to November 30, 2019 with a qualifying CRE bloodstream culture were eligible. Infections were defined per CDC guidelines as CO when the culture was obtained immediately prior to admission or through the first three days of hospitalization, and HO when the culture was obtained on or after the fourth day of admission. Categorical variables were tested using a chi-square test; continuous variable distributions were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum and Kruskal Wallis tests, as appropriate. The primary outcome was desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) 30 days after index culture. Difference in 30-day mortality was calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Figure 1. The probability of a better DOOR outcome in a randomly selected patient with CO BSI compared to a patient with HO BSI is 60.6% (95% CI: 56.8-64.3%). Mortality at 30-days was 11.6% higher in HO BSI than CO BSI . A Kaplan-Meier curve of all-cause 30-day mortality is in Figure 2Among 891 patients with CRE BSI (Table 1), 65% of BSIs were hospital-onset (582/891). Compared to those with CO CRE, patients with HO CRE were younger , had lower Charlson comorbidity score , and more often had Pitt bacteremia sore \u22654, indicative of critical illness, . ICU admission prior to first culture was associated with HO BSI . Distribution of DOOR outcome at 30 days is shown in Desirability of outcome ranking at 30-days. Events evaluated included 1) deleterious effects, including absence of clinical response, prolonged hospitalization (>30 days following first positive culture), or readmission within 30 days; 2) any adverse events including renal failure or C. difficile infection; and 3) mortality at 30 days. Two subjects  missing 30-day DOOR due to missing disposition information are not included in the figure.Two subjects  are excluded from the figure due to missing mortality outcome information. One subject in the hospital onset group died on day 30 and is still considered at risk in the figure.HO CRE BSIs are associated with worse outcomes than CO CRE BSIs; this unique population warrants special attention. As CRE often contain mobile genetic elements that facilitate horizontal transfer, close monitoring of HO CRE rates and optimizing hospital infection prevention methods are critical to prevent added morbidity and mortality.Yohei Doi, MD, PHD, bioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|FujiFilm: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Meiji Seika Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Honoraria|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Honoraria Michael J. Satlin, MD, AbbVie: IDMC member|Biomerieux: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|SNIPRBiome: Grant/Research Support Vance G. Fowler, MD, MHS, Amphliphi Biosciences, Integrated Biotherapeutics; C3J, Armata, Valanbio; Akagera, Aridis, Roche, Astra Zeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech, Regeneron, Deep Blue, Basilea, Janssen;: Grant/Research Support|Infectious Diseases Society of America: Honoraria|MedImmune, Allergan, Pfizer, Advanced Liquid Logics, Theravance, Novartis, Merck; Medical Biosurfaces; Locus; Affinergy; Contrafect; Karius;: Grant/Research Support|Novartis, Debiopharm, Genentech, Achaogen, Affinium, Medicines Co., MedImmune, Bayer, Basilea, Affinergy, Janssen, Contrafect, Regeneron, Destiny,: Advisor/Consultant|Sepsis diagnostic: Patent pending|UpToDate: Royalties|Valanbio and ArcBio: Stock Options David van Duin, MD, PhD, Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria|Qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Union: Advisor/Consultant|Utility: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Immunocompromised (IC) patients are at risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes. The risk of treatment emergent resistance may be high in this population. This study investigated clinical and virological outcomes in sotrovimab-treated IC patients in Great Britain while the Omicron variant was predominant.IC, non-hospitalized patients aged \u2265 18 years who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and received early treatment with sotrovimab 500 mg IV for COVID-19 as per standard of care were included in this multicenter, single arm, observational prospective cohort study. Nasal/oropharyngeal samples were collected at baseline, Day (D) 7, 14, and 28 (+/-2 days) for viral load and sequencing analyses. Clinical  and safety outcomes were assessed through D28. This interim analysis included patients enrolled from 1 July 2022\u201331 January 2023.10 copies/mL at baseline to 0.55 log10 copies/mL at D28 (Table 1). Of 189 patients with spike consensus sequencing data, all harbored the Omicron variant, with 32 sublineages identified. Omicron BA.4, BQ.1, BE.9, BA.5.1.18, and BN.1 were most common in this data cut. We also plan to present interim data on treatment emergent substitutions. No patients were hospitalized due to COVID-19. Six (1.3%) patients had all-cause hospitalizations; none were admitted to ICU. One patient  with progressive neuromuscular disease needed high flow oxygen/non-invasive mechanical intervention and died on D18 (death deemed not COVID-19 related by investigator) (Table 2). Three mild sotrovimab-related adverse events were reported.Among 195 patients (median age: 58 years), 56% were female, 86% were white, and 98.5% had \u2265 1 COVID-19 vaccine dose prior to enrollment. All patients received sotrovimab within 8 (median: 2) days of diagnosis. Absolute median viral load declined from 7.46 logSotrovimab-treated patients had reduced viral load by D7 which further decreased through D28, despite being IC and infected with Omicron subvariants . Few severe clinical outcomes were reported .Judith Breuer, MD, GSK: Funding to conduct study|MRC/UKRI: Grant/Research Support|National Institutes of Health: Grant/Research Support|NIHR: Senior investigator|UKNIHR: Grant/Research Support|Vir Biotechnology, Inc: Funding to conduct study|Wellcome Trust: Grant/Research Support Myriam Drysdale, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Jill Walker, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Jennifer Han, MD, GSK: Employment|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Magdalena Gorczycka, MSc, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Alicia Aylott, MSc, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Melissa K. Van Dyke, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Helen Birch, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Elizabeth McKie, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds David M. Lowe, FRCP, PhD, Biotest: Speaker fees|Blood Cancer UK: Grant/Research Support|Bristol Myers Squibb: Grant/Research Support|British Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Speaker fees |GSK: Funding to conduct study|Langland: Speaker fees|LifeArc: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Personal fees for a round-table discussion|National Institute of Health Research: Grant/Research Support|Octapharma: Travel, accommodation and conference fees|UK Medical Research Council: Grant/Research Support|Vir Biotechnology, Inc: Funding to conduct study"}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) and recurrence. Fecal microbiota, live-jslm  is the first FDA-approved, microbiota-based live biotherapeutic for the prevention of recurrent CDI (rCDI) in adults following antibiotic treatment for rCDI. An ad hoc subgroup analysis of PUNCH CD3-OLS (NCT03931941), an ongoing, open-label, phase 3 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of RBL, assessed outcomes in participants with renal comorbidity.Patients with renal comorbidity are at risk of severe PUNCH CD3-OLS participants were \u2265 18 years old with medically documented rCDI, including first recurrence determined by the treating physician, and assessed with standard-of-care (SOC) diagnostic methods. After SOC antibiotics, participants received a single dose of rectally administered RBL. Treatment success was defined as remaining recurrence free for 8 weeks after treatment. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) through 6 months of treatment were reported. Participants with renal comorbidity were identified from the medical history dictionary-derived terms in the modified intent-to-treat (mITT) population.Within the mITT population, 98 of 402 participants with adjudicated outcomes had renal comorbidity, including chronic kidney disease (n=29) and end-stage renal failure (n=5). Of participants with renal comorbidity, 50% had Charlson Comorbidity Index scores of \u2265 5, versus 18% of participants without renal comorbidity. Treatment success was achieved by 66% (65/98) and 77% (235/304) of participants with and without renal comorbidity, respectively. TEAEs occurred in 71% (n=70) of participants with renal comorbidity and 64% (n=194) of participants without renal comorbidity. In both groups, most TEAEs were moderate in severity and related to preexisting conditions. Serious TEAEs were reported by 16% (n=16) and 8% (n=24) of participants with and without renal comorbidity, respectively. The most commonly reported serious TEAE was CDI recurrence, occurring in 3.1% (n=3) and 1.6% (n=5) of participants with and without renal comorbidity, respectively.RBL treatment success and TEAE incidence were numerically comparable for those with and without renal comorbidity.Monika Fischer, MD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Rebiotix Inc., a Ferring Company: Board Member|Seres Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Joan Thul, BA, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Employee Beth Guthmueller, AS, Rebiotix Inc., a Ferring Company: Employee Christian Sandrock, MD, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|National Institutes of Health: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|The Health Resources & Services Administration: Grant/Research Support Nicholas Van Hise, PharmD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc.: investigator Glenn S. Tillotson, PhD, Dynavax: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Peggy Lillis Foundation: Honoraria|Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "MEIA urine diagnostic was developed as an enzyme immunoassay, by Johns Hopkins (JH) and Pearl Diagnostics. In a retrospective study of 310 people, the assay was 90.5% (95% CI 70-99) sensitive and 89.2% (95% CI 82-94) specific. We report results of a prospective study performed at JH Hospital (JHH).The MycoMEIA results in subjects with possible IA, mixed infections, or other infections (non-IA) were evaluated descriptively.People with suspected invasive aspergillosis (IA) were identified by screening of diagnostic tests sent by clinicians at JHH. Urines from consented subjects were tested in the clinical mycology lab within 8 hours of collection. Results were not used to inform care. Established diagnoses were adjudicated by clinicians blinded to lab results, using consensus criteria. Performance was analyzed in evaluable subjects who had CTs within 2 weeks of suspected IA. Findings supporting proven or probable IA, or no infection defined cases and controls, respectively. MycoMEIA urine tests.107 urines were tested from 72 subjects with suspected IA. 15 subjects had >1 samples tested. Subjects were mostly male , with median age of 51 (range 7 \u2013 87 years). IA was suspected during treatment for heme malignancies , solid organ transplant (9), cancer (5), and rheumatologic disease (1). Of 72 subjects enrolled, 30 had possible IA (42%), 30 no infection (42%), 4 probable IA (6%), 4 mixed infections (6%) and 4 other infections, including bacterial abscess (1), fusariosis (1), fungal sinusitis (1) and otitis externa (1). The assay was 100% sensitive (95% CI 76\u201398) and 93% specific (95% CI 79\u201399) for IA, with likelihood ratio of 15. Five of 30 (16.7%) people with possible IA and 1 with fusariosis had positive MycoMEIA \u2013 Aspergillus test appears consistent with retrospective findings and favorable compared to current blood assays. The proportion of lab confirmed diagnoses using current commercial assays was low; high negative predictive value with urine testing may support restriction of empirical antifungals. Cross reactivity amongst pathogenic Ascomycetes is biologically anticipated and requires further study. The study remains ongoing.In prospective testing by the clinical lab, performance of the urine MycoNitipong Permpalung, MD, MPH, Alcimed: Advisor/Consultant|CareDx: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Clarion: Advisor/Consultant|ClearView: Advisor/Consultant|IMMY Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support Kieren Marr, MD, Cidara Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Pearl Diagnostics: salary|Pearl Diagnostics: Ownership Interest|Sfunga Therapeutics: salary|Sfunga Therapeutics: Ownership Interest Irina Baburina, PhD, Pearl Diagnostics: salary Dana Neitzey, BS, Pearl Diagnostics: salary Patricia X. Marques, PhD, Pearl Diagnostics: salary Sean Zhang, MD, PhD, Applied BioCode: Grant/Research Support|IMMY Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|KARIUS: Advisor/Consultant|Pearl Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Scanogen: Grant/Research Support|T2 biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|Vela Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is associated with a high case fatality rate and serious long-term sequelae (LTS). The current US vaccination platform targets serogroups ACWY with a routine recommendation in adolescents  and serogroup B (16-23 years) based on shared clinical decision making. A novel pentavalent meningococcal vaccine (MenABCWY) may improve protection against all five serogroups and simplify vaccination schedule. The study objective was to assess the cost-effectiveness of MenABCWY from a societal perspective in the US.A steady-state model was developed to estimate the impact of various vaccination strategies on IMD cases, LTS, and deaths. Cohorts of 11- and 16-year-olds were simulated over a lifetime (up to 100 years of age) after vaccination. The same vaccine uptake rate was applied to all strategies. Costs included vaccination acquisition and administration, and IMD direct and indirect costs. Disutilities of IMD and LTS were applied to estimate losses of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated as the difference in costs over QALY gained comparing a strategy of implementing the MenABCWY vaccine with the current standard of care (SoC). Extensive scenario analyses were conducted.In the base case, compared with the SoC , introducing two doses of the MenABCWY vaccine at 11 years followed by a booster at 16 years (2+1 schedule) would prevent 63 IMD cases, 17 IMD cases with LTS, and 6 IMD-related deaths while providing savings (dominant ICERs). Results on ICERs, IMD cases, and IMD-related deaths were robust in scenario analyses when inputs most likely to influence the public health impact  were modified over plausible ranges.The MenABCWY vaccine fits the current vaccination platform. Results of the cost-effectiveness analysis demonstrate that the 2+1 schedule could offer the most public health benefits by providing the full protection against all five serogroups at an early age, while being a dominant economic strategy.Katharina Schley, Dr., Pfizer Pharma GmbH: Employee|Pfizer Pharma GmbH: Employee|Pfizer Pharma GmbH: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer Pharma GmbH: Stocks/Bonds Jessica V. Presa, MD, Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Vincenza Snow, MD, Pfizer Vaccines: employee|Pfizer Vaccines: Stocks/Bonds Alejandro D. Cane, MD, PhD, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Paula Peyrani, MD, Pfizer, Inc: Employee|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Ray Farkouh, PhD, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Shannon M. Sullivan, PhD, Evidera: I am an employee of Evidera that is a consultancy to multiple pharma companies|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant Hossein Zivaripiran, PhD, Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: I am an employee of Evidera that is a consultancy to multiple pharma companies Diana Teloian, MA, Merck & Co., Inc: Grant/Research Support J\u00f6rgen M\u00f6ller, MSc, Evidera: I am an employee of Evidera that is a consultancy to multiple pharma companies|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant J. Jaime Caro, MDCM, FRCPC, FACP, Evidera: I am an employee of Evidera, a consultancy serving the pharmaceutical industry.|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17806-8, published online 16 August 2022Correction to: The original version of this Article contained errors in the Author Information section.\u201cThese authors contributed equally: Yoojoong Kim, Jong-Ho Kim, Hyung Joon Joo and Sanghoun Song.\u201dnow reads:\u201cThese authors contributed equally: Yoojoong Kim and Jong-Ho Kim.These authors jointly supervised this work: Hyung Joon Joo and Sanghoun Song.\u201dAdditionally, Hyung Joon Joo was omitted as a corresponding author. Correspondence and requests for materials should also be addressed to drjoohj@korea.ac.kr.The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD), which is often driven by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), causes significant morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). EBV viremia surveillance with reduction of immunosuppression at certain viral load thresholds is a common strategy used to prevent PTLD or mitigate progression of PTLD in pre-clinical stages, but the utility of EBV surveillance in adult seropositive LTRs is poorly understood.In a retrospective cohort study of EBV seropositive adults who underwent lung transplant at a single academic center between 1/1/2019-12/31/2020, we compared peak whole blood EBV viral load (VL) among samples collected from 1) LTRs who developed PTLD, before PTLD symptom onset, 2) LTRs who developed PTLD, after PTLD symptom onset and 3) LTRs who did not develop PTLD. LTRs without any recorded EBV VLs were excluded. Patients were followed through 1/31/2023 (maximum 49 months post-transplant). Center protocol recommended quantitative EBV PCRs every 3 months between 3-18 months post-transplant, and as clinically indicated thereafter. Reduction of immunosuppression and evaluation for PTLD was at the discretion of clinicians.Table 1). Six (2.6%) LTRs developed biopsy-proven PTLD 8-35 months post-transplant (median 17 months); 5/6 PTLDs were EBV+. Clinical symptoms, rather than an asymptomatic high EBV VL, triggered evaluation for PTLD in all 6 cases. Only one of six LTRs with PTLD had an EBV VL above the assay\u2019s lower limit of quantification before PTLD symptom onset ; among the other 5 LTRs, median time between most recent negative EBV PCR and PTLD symptom onset was 125 days (range 35-216). Peak EBV VL in LTRs with PTLD was significantly higher after PTLD symptom onset than in the asymptomatic period (p=0.016), but peak EBV VL was similar between asymptomatic LTRs who later developed PTLD and LTRs who did not develop PTLD .Two-hundred twenty-nine LTRs with a total of 1095 EBV PCRs were included (40% female, median age 65 years at transplant, In EBV seropositive adult LTRs , EBV surveillance rarely facilitated PTLD diagnosis and may not be an effective strategy for identifying asymptomatic individuals at high risk for future PTLD.Arthur W. Baker, MD, MPH, Insmed: Grant/Research Support|Medincell: Advisor/Consultant Eileen K. Maziarz, MD, Karius, Inc: Advisor/Consultant Barbara D. Alexander, MD, F2G Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Board Member|Leadiaint: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|Thermofisher: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Cabotegravir+Rilpivirine (CAB+RPV) is the first FDA-approved complete long-acting (LA) injectable antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treatment of HIV-1 infection among ART-experienced, virologically suppressed (VL < 50 c/mL) people with HIV (PWH). We assessed utilization and effectiveness among PWH with VL \u2265 50 c/mL at initiation in real world clinical setting.Adult PWH who received \u2265 1 CAB+RPV injections through March 2023 with VL \u2265 50 c/mL at initiation were identified using electronic medical records from Trio Health HIV Network. Results were stratified by VL \u2265 50 c/mL and \u2265 200 c/mL at initiation. Genotypic resistance data prior to initiation of CAB+RPV LA was available for a subset of individuals, with resistance interpretation described using Stanford HIVdb algorithm.Among 329 PWH with \u2265 1 CAB+RPV injections, 29 (9%) had VL \u2265 50 c/mL at initiation. All were treatment-experienced and 12 (41%) had VL \u2265 200 c/mL, median log VL 3.1  at initiation; 21% were women, 48% were Black, median age was 43 , and 41% had a BMI \u2265 30.At the time of analysis, all individuals remained on CAB+RPV LA with median follow-up of 4.0 months  with median 3 injections ; 20 individuals had \u2265 2 injections and 16 had \u2265 3, with 80/86 (93%) follow-up injections administered within target window. Median time from first to second injection was 32 days , and median time from second to third injection was 59 days . Among the 16 individuals with \u2265 3 injections, 12 were on every-2-month dosing schedule.Sixteen (55%) individuals had a follow-up VL. Of them, the last VL was < 50 c/mL in 12 individuals (75%), < 200 c/mL in 15 (94%), and 1 with VL 1202 c/mL (pre-index VL 2138 c/mL).Historical HIV genotype results were available for 15 individuals (52%). One individual had low-level resistance to CAB based on Y143R mutation and this individual had a follow-up VL < 50 c/mL. Five individuals had NNRTI mutations, one with low-level resistance to RPV and a follow-up VL < 200 c/mL.This real-world data of individuals who received \u2265 1 CAB+RPV LA injections with VL \u2265 50 c/mL at initiation demonstrated high rates of virologic suppression. Future analysis with longer follow-up will allow for evaluation of long-term outcomes.Rick A. Elion, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Proteus: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Andrew Frick, MS, Trio Health Inc.: Employee Janna Radtchenko, MBA, Trio Health: Employee Gayathri Sridhar, MBBS, MPH, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Full Time Employee Supriya Sarkar, PhD, MPH, ViiV Healthcare: Employee Joseph J. Eron, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Karam Mounzer, MD, Clinical Care Options: Speakers Bureau|Epividian: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Speakers Bureau|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Speakers Bureau|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Speakers Bureau|Prime: Speakers Bureau|Simply Speaking: Speakers Bureau|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Speakers Bureau Jean A. van Wyk, MBChB, MFPM, ViiV Healthcare Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Vani Vannappagari, MBBS, MPH, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee"}
{"text": "Cutaneous invasive fungal infections CIFIs (primary or secondary to hematogenous seeding) are frequent and often fatal in immunocompromised cancer patients (pts). There is a paucity of studies on the prognostic significance and concordance of histopathologic features with cultures.We reviewed all pts with histologically diagnosed CIFIs at MD Anderson Cancer Center (06/2016-06/2020). Demographic, clinical, histopathologic , culture, and outcome  data were recorded.Fusarium  or Mucorales . Angiotropism was most frequently associated with Fusarium , and neurotropism with Mucorales . Eighty-four-day all-cause mortality rate was 62% . Fungal angiotropism  and neurotropism  were associated with significantly increased mortality, while lymphocytic inflammation, seen only in 20%, was associated with reduced mortality .We identified 61 pts ; 37 (61%) were male. Most had hematologic malignancy , especially acute leukemia . CIFI was primary in 53 pts (87%), with acute onset (\u2264 1 week) in 66% of pts; 37 pts (61%) had multiple skin lesions. Fungal organisms were seen on H&E-stained sections in 47 cases (77%), whereas ancillary studies (GMS/PAS) were required in 14 cases (23%). Of the 59 concurrent microbiology cultures, only 43 (73%) were positive. In 16 cases, fungal order/genus was identified by both histopathology and culture; 13/16 (81%) were concordant . The causative fungal order/genus was determined in 55 pts (90%), most commonly Figure 1(A) Concordance of histopathologically determined and cultured fungal order/genus. Fleiss\u2019 kappa 0.67 , p < 0.001. (B) Distribution of causative fungal pathogens.Figure 2Histopathological features significantly associated with 84-day all-cause mortality in CIFI patients. Error bands denote 95% confidence interval. Mantel-Cox log-rank test.Table 1Association between type of organism and histopathological characteristics. Six patients with no identified organism were excluded. Fisher\u2019s exact test. Abbreviation: PEH = pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia.CIFIs have poor prognosis, especially when caused by molds and if fungal angio-/neurotropism is identified. Inflammation may be associated with better prognosis. Since cultures might be false negative (27%) or discordant (19%), more efforts are needed for culture-independent molecular detection of fungi. Incorporation of histopathologic features might inform prognostic risk stratification.Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, MD, MS, ScD, PhD, AbbVie: Board Member|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Board Member|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis/MSGERC: Board Member"}
{"text": "Broad-range bacterial PCR sequencing (BRBPS) has emerged as a novel tool to detect fastidious organisms. While its utility has been characterized in different specimen types, its role in culture-negative blood specimens remains poorly understood.We reviewed all clinical specimens sent for culture-negative blood BRBPS  to the Laboratoire de sant\u00e9 publique du Qu\u00e9bec, the reference laboratory for a large Canadian province, from May 2018 to November 2022. Sanger sequencing of the amplified 16s rRNA gene was performed in all PCR-positive specimens. Data were extracted from the laboratory information system, and the analysis was restricted to the first specimen per patient. Microbiological outcomes were categorized as interpretable sequence, uninterpretable sequence, or negative PCR result. Interpretable sequences were identified and then classified based on the National Healthcare Safety Network database  and microbiological characteristics.A total of 1199 blood specimens were analyzed using BRBPS from 852 unique patients. Of these, there was no PCR amplification in 152, amplification with uninterpretable sequences in 445 and an interpretable sequence in 255 specimens . Blood specimens received at room temperature, in blood culture bottles, or with positive gram stain were more likely to yield interpretable sequences (Table 2). We identified 174 patients with BRBPS results suggestive of organisms associated with mucosal barrier injury (n=89) or possible pathogens (n=85), summarized in Figure 2. In contrast, 75 patients had results suggestive of contamination from common commensal organisms (n=44) or taxa not in the NSHN database (n=31).Classification of interpretable sequences using the National Healthcare Safety Network database classification of microorganisms.Mucosal barrier injury (A) and possible pathogens (B) are categorized based on the National Healthcare Safety Network database. Microorganisms are colour classified based on microbiological characteristics.Our findings demonstrate the potential utility of BRBPS in blood specimens from culture-negative patients, particularly infectious syndromes caused by fastidious gram-negative bacteria associated with animal or arthropod exposures or anaerobic bacteria. However, the frequent recovery of commensal and environmental organisms argues for careful and judicious use. Additional technical optimization is likely required to improve diagnostic yield, particularly with mixed sequences.Matthew Cheng, MD, Amplyx Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Honoraria|Cidara Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|GEn1E lifesciences: Advisor/Consultant|GEn1E lifesciences: Stocks/Bonds|Kanvas Biosciences, Inc.: Board Member|Kanvas Biosciences, Inc.: Pending patents|Kanvas Biosciences, Inc.: Ownership Interest|Merck: Honoraria|nomic bio: Advisor/Consultant|nomic bio: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Honoraria|Scynexis Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Honoraria"}
{"text": "TM) platform. Quality of prescribing was assessed based on local guidelines and clinical justification using published definitions . The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of PAF+NAPS interventions on antibiotic use (AU) in acute leukemia patients at an academic cancer center, compared to PAF-only.Prospective audit-and-feedback (PAF) for hospitalized leukemia patients is resource-intensive, while data on stadardized assessment of the quality, i.e. appropriateness, of antimicrobial prescribing are scarce. We implemented a multifaceted program combining patient-level PAF with unit-level appropriateness reports generated by serial point-prevalence surveys using the web-based Canadian National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey , the AMS team led 30-minute PAF rounds with prescribers 2x/week. After implementating PAF+NAPS (Jun 1 2019-Mar 31 2020), we met 2x/month for 30 minutes. At each meeting we presented an automated NAPS dashboard report  of aggregate appropriateness adjudication of antibiotic prescriptions, followed by targeted PAF on select patients with complex antimicrobial needs. We analyzed the impact of the two-step approach on the primary outcome of AU (defined daily dose [DDD]/100 patient-days [PD]) using interrupted time series models. Secondary outcomes were appropriateness of AU during PAF+NAPS, lenght of stay and in-hospital mortality. Target appropriatenesss was at least 90%. Categorical variables were compared using chi-square test and continuous variable using Mann Whitney U test.Patient characteristics and outcomes were presented in Table 1. AU data were presented in Table 2. AU of piperacillin-tazobactam and vancomycin decreased significantly after implementation of 2x/month PAF+NAPS, compared to 2x/week PAF-only interventions . Overall appropriateness was 91.4% (1757/1921 prescriptions).Despite reducing frequency of interventions from 2x/week to 2x/month, PAF+NAPS was an efficient and sustainable AMS model that promoted appropriate and judicious antimicrobial use in hematology-oncology patients , allowing the AMS team to expand to other specialized areas.Shahid Husain, MD, Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Avir: Grant/Research Support|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pulmocide: Grant/Research Support|Synexis: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Delusional memories or retrospective delusions have been extensively reported in subjects during or after intensive care stays. In major psychoses, authors have classically observed delusional memories impacting the prognosis and mental well-being.Our aim was to review the phenomenology, psychological/biological factors contributing to delusional memories in delusional disorder (DD), and potential treatment strategies.Systematic review using PubMed, Scopus, SciELO and Web of Science electronic databases (inception-September 2022). Search terms:  AND  [MeSH]. Studies were included if they reported psychopathology, clinical characteristics or treatment strategies of \u201cdelusional memories\u201d in DD. Team members: AGR, JAM, MS, MB, MF, ACP, FD, MVS.A total of 786 records were retrieved, including six studies. Psychogenesis:A novel cognitive neuropsychological research model (based on hypnosis) in erotomania delusions suggest a potential recall and reinterpretation of delusions beliefs in highly hypnotizable subjects. Biological basis: Frontal lobe (or executive) dysfunction does not seem to contribute to delusional memories in De Cl\u00e9rambault syndrome (erotomania). Phenomenology: 1)General knowledge was essentially intact, while the perceptual characteristics of delusional memories were stronger than real memories. 2)Correlations were found between delusional ideation, positive dimension of schizotypy (r=0.18), and false memories (r=0.27). 3)Jumping-to-conclusions and liberal acceptance bias influence delusional memories. Treatment:Efficacy of 1)Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) (significant reduction delusions), and 2)Metacognitive control over false memories.This is the first review exploring the genesis and management of delusional memories in DD. Memory deficits/executive dysfunctions do not seem to be the only cause of this phenomenon.None Declared"}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is increasing. However, CDI testing practices and incidence among patients seeking care for diarrhea in the outpatient setting have not been well described. Further, little is known about healthcare utilization and outcomes of patients with medically-attended CDI who are not subsequently hospitalized.Population-based surveillance by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicates that the incidence of community-associated C. difficile testing and outpatient CDI (oCDI), defined as a positive CDI test without hospitalization in the following 0-7 days. We described the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with MAD and oCDI and calculated incidence rates (IR) of oCDI. We also described the occurrence of oCDI-associated healthcare visits, CDI testing, and oCDI treatment in the 12 months following oCDI diagnosis.We conducted a retrospective cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) and Northwest (KPNW) adult (\u2265 18 years of age) members from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2021. We identified medically-attended diarrhea (MAD) in the outpatient setting through ICD-10 diagnosis codes. Among those with MAD, we identified We identified 777,533 outpatient MAD episodes of which 93,964  were tested for CDI. Among tested episodes, 10,110 ), involving 9,517 patients, had a positive CDI laboratory test. IR of outpatient oCDI decreased from 58.2 (95%CI: 55.7-60.7) per 100,000 person-years (PY) in 2016 to 45.7 (43.7-47.8) per 100,000 PY in 2021. Among 9,517 oCDI patients, 84.1%  CDI were \u2018community-associated\u2019  and only 44.1%  received an antibiotic in the previous 30 days. Only 6.7% (n=526) of oCDI patients had a CDI-associated hospitalization in the 12 months after diagnosis.There was a high incidence of MAD and CDI in among outpatients. The majority of our outpatient CDI population had no recent hospitalization and no recent antibiotic exposure. Further studies are needed to understand the factors associated with CDI diagnosed and managed in the outpatient setting.Sara Y. Tartof, PhD MPH, Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|SPERO: Grant/Research Support Mark A. Schmidt, PhD, MPH, Intercept Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Vir Biotechnology: Grant/Research Support Fredrick J. Angulo, DVM, PhD, Pfizer Vaccines: Employee|Pfizer Vaccines: Employee|Pfizer Vaccines: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer Vaccines: Stocks/Bonds Ana Florea, PhD MPH, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Joann M. Zamparo, MPH, Pfizer Inc.: Full Time Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Deborah S. Ling Grant, PhD, MPH, MBA, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Elisa Gonzalez, MPH, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Jennifer L. Kuntz, MS, PhD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC), including multidrug-resistant and carbapenem-resistant isolates. SUL-DUR is predominantly renally eliminated, with altered exposures in patients with renal impairment (RI) or with augmented renal clearance (ARC). Using population pharmacokinetic (PPK) approaches with Phase 1-3 clinical data, alternate dosing regimens to those used in the Phase 3 trial were assessed across renal function categories.Sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR) is a \u03b2-lactam/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combination in development for the treatment of infections caused by CR), on the variability in SUL-DUR PK. The population mean clearance of both drugs increased with increasing CLCR. Using this model, simulations were conducted to evaluate appropriate dosing regimens (as 3-hour intravenous infusions) for patients with RI and ARC based on PK exposure and probability of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target attainment (PTA).A PPK model was previously constructed using data from 373 subjects, of which 110 were infected Phase 3 patients, and included the impact of statistically significant covariates, such as creatinine clearance (CLCR < 45 mL/min had higher exposures of SUL-DUR compared to patients with CLCR \u2265 60 mL/min (Table 1), suggesting that further dose adjustments may be needed in these subgroups. To streamline the dosing regimens across renal function categories, a dosing regimen of 1 g/1 g SUL-DUR q4h instead of 1.5 g/1.5 g SUL-DUR q6h was also evaluated for patients with ARC. Alternate dosing regimens (Table 2) yielded Day 3 plasma exposures that were generally contained within the 5th and 95th percentiles of the exposure distribution of simulated patients with normal renal function . Based on PK/PD targets associated with a 1-log10 CFU reduction from baseline on Day 1, a PTA > 90% for MIC values \u2264 4 mg/L across CLCR categories was achieved in both plasma and epithelial lining fluid.Patients with CLCR < 45 mL/min and \u2265 130 mL/min resulted in exposures that were comparable to those in patients with normal renal function with a high PTA, indicating that these doses are expected to be safe and efficacious.Alternate SUL-DUR dosing regimens in simulated patients with CLKajal Larson, PhD, Entasis Therapeutics, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Innoviva: Employee|Entasis Therapeutics, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Innoviva: Stocks/Bonds Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Jeffrey P. Hammel, MS, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Anthony P. Cammarata, M.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support John O'Donnell, B.S, Entasis Therapeutics, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Innoviva: Employee|Entasis Therapeutics, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Innoviva: Stocks/Bonds Christopher M. Rubino, PharmD, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an important nosocomial pathogen. In 2023, tobramycin (TM) susceptibility breakpoints for PA were lowered (from \u22644 to \u22641 \u00b5g/mL) by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether this change will result in an increase in the proportion of PA clinical isolates that are considered multidrug-resistant (MDR).PA clinical isolates were obtained from patients evaluated at hospitals across Canada (January 2016 to December 2021) as part of an ongoing national surveillance study (CANWARD). Susceptibility testing was carried out using custom broth microdilution panels. MICs were interpreted using current (2023) CLSI breakpoints, with the exception of TM (interpreted using the 2022 and 2023 breakpoints). MDR PA were defined as isolates testing not susceptible at least three of the following: ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and TM (assessed with both the 2022 and 2023 CLSI breakpoints).1649 PA isolates were included in this study. The proportion of isolates testing susceptible to TM using the 2022 (S \u22644 \u00b5g/mL) and 2023 (S \u22641 \u00b5g/mL) CLSI breakpoints were 93.6% and 84.8%, respectively. Overall, 21.6% (356/1649) and 22.7% (374/1649) of PA isolates were MDR, using the 2022 and 2023 CLSI breakpoints. Below, the in vitro activities of common antipseudomonal antimicrobials versus PA isolates from this study  are presented.In this dataset, the proportion of MDR PA isolates was minimally altered by a recent change to the CLSI TM susceptibility breakpoints. A reduction in the proportion of PA isolates that were susceptible to TM using the new breakpoints was most pronounced for the MDR subset.George Zhanel, PhD, Avir: Grant/Research Support|Iterum: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Orimed: Grant/Research Support|Paladin Labs: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Verity: Grant/Research Support|Zambon: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant [MRSA] and methicillin-susceptible [MSSA]), Streptococcus pyogenes (SP), Enterococcus faecalis (EF), and Gram-negative organisms, including Escherichia coli (EC) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA). In this study, the in vitro susceptibilities of DLX and comparator fluoroquinolones (FQ), levofloxacin (LEV), moxifloxacin (MOX), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were determined for US clinical isolates.Delafloxacin (DLX) is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial approved in the USA in 2017 for treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection (ABSSSI). DLX is indicated to treat ABSSSI caused by multiple pathogens, including Isolates from SSSI were consecutively collected at 77 US medical centers participating in the SENTRY Surveillance Program (2017\u20132022). Sites submitted 1 isolate per patient per infection episode. Isolate identification was determined at each site and confirmed using MALDI-TOF MS at JMI Laboratories. Susceptibility testing was performed according to CLSI broth microdilution methodology. FDA interpretative criteria were used for DLX; CLSI (2023) criteria were applied to comparators. MOX was tested against Gram-positive and CIP against Gram negative species.The most common organisms were SA , including 4,967 MSSA and 3,573 MRSA (58%), PSA , EC (n=840), and SP (n=781). Susceptibilities (%S) by year to DLX, LEV, and MOX are shown in the Table. For MRSA, %S to DLX increased from 81.0% to 87.0% over 6 years, while LEV declined from 36.5% to 34.7% and MOX from 36.8% to 34.7%. SP %S to all FQ was stable at 99.7\u2013100%. EF %S to DLX increased from 64.6% to 80.3% with smaller increases for LEV (5%) and MOX (3%). EC %S to DLX increased from 59.4% to 74.4%, and also increased for LEV (66.7% to 75.2%) and CIP (61.8 to 76.0%). PSA %S to DLX increased from 64.9% to 73.7%, as did %S to LEV (69.5% to 74.7%). The PSA %S to CIP declined slightly from 82.5% to 79.8%.An increase in %S to FQs was observed for most ABSSSI pathogens, including EC, EF, and PSA. MRSA %S to DLX increased from 2017 to 2022, while %S to LEV and MOX declined. The decreased use of FQs may have led to improved susceptibility for DLX and as such it may be a good treatment option for ABSSSI.Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Dee Shortridge, PhD, Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Leonard R. Duncan, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mike Huband, BS, Melinta: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Women\u2019s Health (2022) 22:1 10.1186/s12905-022-01609-0\u2018College of Medicine, King Abdullah Bin Abdul Aziz Hospital, Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.\u2019 but should have been \u2018Department of Clinical sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdul Rahman University, King Abdullah Bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.\u2019Following publication of the original article [1], in this article the affiliation details for Reem Alharbi were incorrectly given as The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Children with underlying medical conditions are at higher risk for developing severe influenza illness. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for all children \u2265 6 months and can protect against severe influenza. Limited studies have examined if vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza illness differs in children with underlying conditions compared to those without.We used a test-negative design to assess VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated ED visits or hospitalizations in children 6 months-17 years of age with and without underlying conditions. Children were enrolled at 7 medical centers within NVSN, a prospective respiratory viral surveillance platform in 7 states, during each influenza season from 2015-2016 through 2019-2020. Influenza vaccination was assessed using documentation from state registries or providers. Underlying conditions were abstracted from medical records. We estimated VE by comparing the odds of vaccination \u2265 14 days prior to symptom onset in case patients with influenza compared to test-negative control patients with non-influenza respiratory illness. VE was adjusted for age, study site, and calendar time.A total of 15,739 children were included . Among cases, 48% had an underlying condition, and about half (51%) of those conditions were respiratory (Table). Cases with underlying conditions were more likely to be hospitalized (53%) compared to cases without (26%). Among patients with underlying conditions, 38% of cases and 56% of controls were vaccinated . Overall  VE was 48%  among children with underlying conditions and 57%  among children without. VE against hospitalization was 46%  among children with underlying medical conditions and 59%  among children without.Vaccination reduced the odds of influenza illness in children with and without underlying conditions. VE was similar in children regardless of presence of conditions. Vaccination was sub-optimal in children with and without underlying conditions and continued efforts are needed to improve vaccination uptake in all children \u2265 6 months.Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Grant/Research Support John V. Williams, MD, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidel: Board Member Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Mary A. Staat, MD, MPH, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Up-To-Date: Honoraria Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, MD, MPH, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD, Merck & Co: Honoraria Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: donation of kits|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: vaccine support"}
{"text": "E. coli BSI.Several randomized controlled trials (RCT) have shown that short-course (\u223c7 days) antibiotic treatment is non-inferior to longer antibiotic courses (\u223c14 days) in patients with uncomplicated bloodstream infection (BSI) with mostly susceptible Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we evaluate short-course therapy in ceftriaxone-resistant E. coli BSI at 14 United States hospitals between November 2020 and April 2021, each patient with ceftriaxone-R E. coli BSI, and the next consecutive patient with a ceftriaxone-S E. coli BSI was included. Patients who received 5-8 days (\u201cshort\u201d) or 9-21 days (\u201clong\u201d) of antibiotics were included in this analysis. Patients who died before day 9 were excluded. Primary outcome was a Desirability of Outcome Ranking  based on disposition at day 30 after collection of the index blood culture. Ceftriaxone susceptibility was centrally determined using broth microdilution for all bacterial isolates.In a prospective cohort of 300 patients with Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) categoriesOf 300 patients in the original cohort, 227 were included; 44 patients  received short , and 183 patients  received long duration . Age , sex , and Charlson comorbidity index  were similar between groups. Notably, almost all patients  with solid organ or stem cell transplant were in the long duration group. The median Pitt bacteremia score was 2 (IQR 1-3) in the short duration group vs. 1 (IQR 0-3) in the long duration group (Wilcoxon Rank Sum p=0.07). DOOR outcomes were similar in both groups . Numerically more patients in the ceftriaxone-resistant group on short treatment were in category 3; 4/20 (20%) vs 5/87 (6%) in the long duration group. These 4 patients all had unsuccessful discharge combined with renal failure (n=2), and/or lack of clinical response (n=3).Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) analysesShown are the percentages of patients in each group with a specific DOOR category outcome.E. coli BSI. Further studies are needed to determine whether short-course therapy is appropriate for ceftriaxone-R E. coli BSI.Short duration of therapy was less frequently used than long duration of therapy in this prospective cohort of Yohei Doi, MD, PHD, bioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|FujiFilm: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Meiji Seika Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Honoraria|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Honoraria Owen Albin, MD, Charles River Laboratories: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant Elie Saade, MD, MPH, FIDSA, Envision Pharma: Speaker, Presenter|Johnson and Johnson: Speaker, Travel, Lodging|Protein Sciences Corp: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Speaker, Travel and Lodging Loren G. Miller, MD MPH, ContraFect: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Medline: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support Michael J. Satlin, MD, AbbVie: IDMC member|Biomerieux: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|SNIPRBiome: Grant/Research Support Martin Krsak, MD, MSc, FASAM, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Honoraria W. Charles Huskins, MD, MSc, ADMA Biologics: Advisor/Consultant|Bristol Myers Squibb: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Zimmer Biomet: Stocks/Bonds Robin Patel, MD, Abbott Laboratories: Advisor/Consultant|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Mayo Clinic has a royalty-bearing know-how agreement and equity in Adaptive Phage Therapeutics.|BIOFIRE: Grant/Research Support|CARB-X: Advisor/Consultant|ContraFect: Grant/Research Support|Day Zero Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Advisor/Consultant|Mammoth Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Netflix: Advisor/Consultant|Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Advisor/Consultant|PhAST: Advisor/Consultant|See details: Patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis PCR issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic|See details: continued, patent on an anti-biofilm substance issued|TenNor Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Torus Biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|Trellis Bioscience, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant Vance G. Fowler, MD, MHS, Amphliphi Biosciences, Integrated Biotherapeutics; C3J, Armata, Valanbio; Akagera, Aridis, Roche, Astra Zeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech, Regeneron, Deep Blue, Basilea, Janssen;: Grant/Research Support|Infectious Diseases Society of America: Honoraria|MedImmune, Allergan, Pfizer, Advanced Liquid Logics, Theravance, Novartis, Merck; Medical Biosurfaces; Locus; Affinergy; Contrafect; Karius;: Grant/Research Support|Novartis, Debiopharm, Genentech, Achaogen, Affinium, Medicines Co., MedImmune, Bayer, Basilea, Affinergy, Janssen, Contrafect, Regeneron, Destiny,: Advisor/Consultant|Sepsis diagnostic: Patent pending|UpToDate: Royalties|Valanbio and ArcBio: Stock Options David van Duin, MD, PhD, Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria|Qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Union: Advisor/Consultant|Utility: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "CYP2C19; however, such information is limited for the pediatric population.Voriconazole pharmacokinetics (PK) are known to be affected by genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes such as CYP2C19 genotypes was assessed by whole genome genotyping and defined as follows: *1/*1, *1/*17: normal metabolizer [NM], *1/*2, *1/*3: intermediate metabolizer [IM], and *2/*2, *2/*3, *3/*3: poor metabolizer [PM]. Population PK analysis was performed using Phoenix NLME (v8.3.0). The voriconazole serum concentration profile was described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption, mixed linear and nonlinear (Michaelis-Menten) elimination, and allometric scaling, as described in previous reports. Covariates were examined using a stepwise method and included to the model when the objective function [-2LL (log-likelihood)] by the maximum likelihood method decreased significantly .This was a single-center population PK study. Information regarding patient background, laboratory test data, voriconazole serum concentration, voriconazole dosing status, and concurrent medications were extracted from electronic medical records. CYP2C19 genotypes were NM in 22 patients, IM in 27 patients, and PM in 11 patients. Underlying diseases included 40 patients with malignancy (66.7%), 18 patients with inborn errors of immunity (30.0%), and 2 patients with other comorbidities. Among the CYP2C19 phenotypes, PM was predicted to show complete inhibition  = 100%; Vmax= 0). The estimated parameters of Vmax,inh were +0.8 higher in patients with \u03b3-GTP Grade 2 or higher compared with those with Grade 1 or lower. The increase in Vmax,inh was shown to be caused by an increase in C-reactive protein (CRP); the estimated parameters of Vmax,inh were +2.7 higher when CRP was 2.0 mg/dL or higher.Voriconazole concentration data were available from 60 patients with a median age of 5.3 years. In total, 526 measurements were available for population PK analysis. The phenotypes predicted from CYP2C19 genetic polymorphisms (PM), \u03b3-GTP, and CRP affect Vmax,inh of voriconazole in Japanese children with malignancy or inborn errors in immunityKensuke Shoji, MD, PhD, AstraZeneca K.K.: Honoraria|Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Honoraria|KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.: Honoraria|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Honoraria|Nippon Becton Dickinson Company, Ltd.: Honoraria|Novartis Pharma Co., Ltd.: Honoraria|Viatrs, Inc: Honoraria Motohiro Kato, MD, PhD, Amgen: Honoraria|Bayer: Honoraria|Chugai Pharm: Honoraria|CSL Behring: Honoraria|Daiichi Sankyo: Grant/Research Support|Konica Minolta REALM: Honoraria|Kyowa KIRIN: Honoraria|Maruho: Honoraria|Nippon Shinyaku: Honoraria|Novartis: Honoraria|Ohara Pharma: Honoraria|Riken Genesis: Honoraria|Sanofi: Honoraria|Sumitomo Pharma: Honoraria|Takeda Pharma: Honoraria Toshinao Kawai, MD, PhD, Novartis Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria|Takeda Pharmaceutical Company: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda Pharmaceutical Company: Honoraria Hidefumi Nakamura, MD, PhD, Asahi Kasei Corporation: Stocks/Bonds|Bristol Myers Squibb Company: Honoraria|Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Honoraria|Daiichi Sankyo Company, Ltd.: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer Global Supply Japan Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer R&D Japan G.K.: Advisor/Consultant|Sato Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Honoraria|Taisho Pharmaceutical Holdings Co., Ltd: Advisor/Consultant Isao Miyairi, MD, PhD, Astrazeneca: Honoraria|Mitsubishi-Tanabe: Honoraria|Pfeizer: Honoraria|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Honoraria Taisei Mushiroda, PhD, Zenyaku Kogyo Company, Limited: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) in adults. As the first FDA-approved microbiota product, this new agent may pose challenges in administration, particularly with Infectious Disease (ID) or other specialties not typically providing rectally administered therapies. As part of an ongoing real-world study of RBL, the purpose of this study is to develop and report a simple protocol for the administration of RBL in clinical practice.Fecal Microbiota, live-jslm (RBL) is a rectally administered, pre-packaged, live biotherapeutic approved in November 2022 for the prevention of recurrence of We reviewed electronic health records, administration records and internal databases for patients receiving RBL since February 2023. Records were reviewed for patient demographics, setting of care, time from order to treatment, logistics from order to administration and payor details.Six rCDI patients  have received RBL; 1 treated in an ID practice and the other 5 in GI practices. Following insurance approval and scheduling of the patient, RBL was ordered from the distributor and shipped to the practices in a 150mL pre-packaged frozen suspension. RBL was thawed for 24 hours and administered within 5 days. Average time from order to treatment was 18\u00b15 days. Administration of RBL was performed by registered nurses or licensed vocational nurses. Reported RBL administration time was 5 minutes, with an additional 15 minutes for observation. Medicare (MCR) was the most common payor (71%) with traditional MCR (n=3), MCR Advantage (n=2), and one commercially insured. There have been no payor denials. Criteria for approval differed slightly between payors, but all required at least 1 prior episode of CDI. All plans required prior authorization except traditional MCR. Reimbursement was adequate for both the medication and instillation protocols.Early experience with RBL administration found more treatment by GI than ID physician practices. Authorizations were granted as expected with the administration and visit surprisingly brief and simple. RBL holds promise as a feasible office-based therapy for prevention of rCDI.Jonathan A. Rosenberg, MD, Aimmune: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Timothy E. Ritter, MD, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Ardelyx: Advisor/Consultant|Arena: Advisor/Consultant|Boehringer Ingelheim: Advisor/Consultant|Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene: Advisor/Consultant|Eli Lilly: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring: Data Adjudication Committee|Genetech/Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Intercept: Advisor/Consultant|Iterative Scopes: Expert Testimony|Iterative Scopes: Ownership Interest|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Nestle/Seres: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Prometheus: Advisor/Consultant|Rebiotix: Data Adjudication Committee|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Lucinda J. Van Anglen, PharmD, ADMA Biologics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Grant/Research Support|Octapharma: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support Amy Guo, PhD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Employee Mielad Moosapanah, PharmD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Employee Min Yang, MD, PhD, Analysis Group, Inc.: I am an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which has received consulting fees from Ferring for the conduct of this study. Kevin W. Garey, PharmD, MS, Acurx: Grant/Research Support|Ferring: Advisor/Consultant|Paratek: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "CAB+RPV LA is the first complete long-acting regimen for virologically suppressed people with HIV (PWH) and demonstrated non-inferiority to standard of care antiretroviral regimens in the Phase 3/3b trials FLAIR, ATLAS, ATLAS-2M, and SOLAR. Implementation of a provider administered regimen poses new delivery challenges and real-world evidence is essential to understand utilization and clinical outcomes. The BEYOND study describes the demographics and month 6 (M6) clinical outcomes of patients initiating CAB+RPV LA in the US.BEYOND is a 2-year observational real-world study of utilization, outcomes, and experience of people with HIV (PWH) initiating CAB+RPV LA (monthly or every 2 months) across 30 US sites. Healthcare providers (HCPs) completed an electronic case report form (eCRF) at baseline and M6 to capture demographics, medical and treatment history, and clinical outcomes.A total of 308 PWH (Table 1) were enrolled between Sep 2021- Jul 2022 and initiated on CAB+RPV LA. As of the data cut-off for this analysis (Jan 2023), 248 PWH had reached M6 of which 25 were reported as having discontinued CAB+RPV LA. The most common HCP reported primary reason for initiating CAB+RPV LA was patient request (41%). At M6, of the 803 injections given after the first injections, 667 (83%) occurred within +/-7 days of the target treatment date and 136 (17%) were outside the target treatment window (median 4 days outside). Of 1087 total injections expected, 44 (4%) were missed; of these, 3 (7%) used oral CAB+RPV and 19 (44%) used other oral regimens to cover missed injections. Of 189 PWH with viral load data available at both baseline and M6 (Table 2), 181 (96%) had viral loads of < 50 copies/mL. Confirmed virologic failure (CVF) occurred in 4 (1.6%), including 1 who had missed injections. Resistance was reported in 2 PWH. Discontinuations due to drug intolerance/injection site reactions were reported in 6 PWH.The M6 results from real world initiation of CAB+RPV LA in the US are consistent with the Phase 3/3b clinical trials with high rates of virologic suppression, low rates of CVFs and treatment emergent resistance, and low rates of discontinuation due to drug intolerance.Gary I. Sinclair, MD, Abbvie: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria|Thera: Advisor/Consultant|Thera: Grant/Research Support|Thera: Honoraria|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Honoraria Michael Sension, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Grant/Research Support|Viiv: Honoraria Alexandra Dretler, MD, Gilead: Stocks/Bonds|Johnson and Johnson: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Stefan Schneider, MD, ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Catherine K. Schubert, PharmD, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee of ViiV Healthcare Deanna Merrill, PharmD, MBA, AAHIVP, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Cindy Garris, MS, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee"}
{"text": "Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infections in women. Antibiotics (ABX) are available to treat uncomplicated UTI (uUTI), but 10\u201330% of patients experience treatment failure (TF). We assessed uUTI-related healthcare costs among uUTI patients with/without oral ABX TF in the United States (US).Figure 1). Eligible patients were female, \u2265 18 years, with a uUTI diagnosis identified in an outpatient setting, \u2265 1 oral ABX prescription within \u00b1 5 days of diagnosis, and \u2265 1 year pre- and post-index follow-up. ABX prescription claim was designated index date.This retrospective cohort study used Optum\u2019s de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database from October 1, 2015 to September 30, 2021 : \u2265 1 additional oral ABX prescription(s); intravenous ABX; or a primary diagnosis of UTI in an acute care setting (emergency room or inpatient). uUTI-related costs (US$) were assessed during the follow-up period.Figure 2]).In total, 238,335 patients were identified, of whom 29,333 (12.3%) had evidence of TF. Total uUTI-related costs were higher for patients with TF vs those without . By contrast, outpatient hospital visits accounted for < 20% of all outpatient costs for patients without TF; in these patients, office costs were the greatest contributor (31.9%).uUTI-related outpatient costs were higher for patients with vs without TF . Patients with TF had higher outpatient costs across all categories, with outpatient hospital visits contributing 45.6% of costs . Mean (SD) pharmacy costs for patients with vs without TF were $28 ($26) and $13 ($16), respectively (p < 0.0001).Patients with ABX TF for uUTI had significantly higher costs  than patients without TF. This finding highlights the importance of appropriate empiric ABX selection to reduce the likelihood of TF in uUTI and its economic impact.Meg Franklin, PharmaD, PhD, Franklin Pharmaceutical Consulting: Owner and President|Franklin Pharmaceutical Consulting: Ownership Interest|GSK: Grant/Research Support|PRECISIONheor: Contractor Maia R. Emden, BA, GSK: Grant/Research Support|PRECISIONheor: Employee Sharon Kautz, BS, GSK: Grant/Research Support|PRECISIONheor: Employee Anh Thy H. Nguyen, MSPH, GSK: Grant/Research Support|PRECISIONheor: Employee Naomi C. Sacks, PhD, GSK: Grant/Research Support|PRECISIONheor: Employee Shinyoung Ju, MS, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Fanny S. Mitrani-Gold, MPH, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Ashish V. Joshi, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Madison T. Preib, MPH, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Respiratory viruses are a substantial cause of hospitalization in infants and young children; less is known about their contribution to ARI-associated hospitalizations in children \u2265 5 years of age.We conducted prospective, active surveillance among children ages 5\u201317 years hospitalized for acute respiratory illness (ARI) at 7 pediatric medical institutions comprising the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) during December 1, 2016 through April 1, 2020. Children hospitalized for fever and/or respiratory symptoms were consented for enrollment. Demographic and clinical data were collected through parent/guardian interviews and chart abstraction. Mid-turbinate nasal and/or throat specimens were collected and tested using molecular methods for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, parainfluenza viruses 1\u20134 (PIV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV), adenovirus (AdV), and seasonal coronaviruses (CoV).Of 6,992 eligible children, 4,011 (57%) were enrolled and 3,953 (99%) had respiratory specimens obtained. Median age of enrolled children was 8.9 years , 55% were male, 38% were non-Hispanic White, and 76% had \u2265 1 underlying medical condition (Table). Respiratory viruses were detected in 54% of patients hospitalized with ARI: RV/EV occurred most frequently (32%), followed by influenza (11%) and RSV (5%) . Respiratory virus coinfections were detected in 133 (3%) patients. Common symptoms reported included cough, congestion/runny nose, and fever, and a majority of children experienced dyspnea and wheezing. Median length of hospitalization was 2 days ; 687 (17%) patients were admitted to an intensive care unit, of whom 119 (17%) required intubation.Figure. Detection and seasonality of respiratory viruses in hospitalized children 5\u201317 years, 2016\u20132020Respiratory viruses were detected in more than half of ARI-related hospitalizations in children aged \u2265 5 years. This multi-center, multi-year, pre-pandemic assessment provides baseline data to evaluate for possible changing epidemiology of respiratory viruses after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.Mary A. Staat, MD, MPH, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Up-To-Date: Honoraria Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Grant/Research Support John V. Williams, MD, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidel: Board Member Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD, Merck & Co: Honoraria Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Flor M. Munoz, MD, MSc, CDC respiratory virus surveillance: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, sanofi, aztra zeneca, Merck, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: DSMB|NIH COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Pediatric COVID-19 vaccines: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Dynavax, Monderna, Meissa, NIH: DSMB Pedro A. Piedra, MD, Ark Bioscience: Advisor/Consultant|Ark Bioscience: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Icosavax: Advisor/Consultant|Icosavax: Grant/Research Support|Mapp Biologics: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi-Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: donation of kits|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: vaccine support"}
{"text": "Widespread CHG bathing to prevent infection has raised concerns about potential skin microbiome perturbations and depletion of commensal microbiota.A prospective repeated measures cross-over study in NH residents/hospital patients evaluated the impact of CHG vs routine soap bathing on the nose/skin microbiome. Participants underwent serial visits during distinct CHG and routine soap phases  involving nares, axilla, groin, and finger/hand swabs processed for MDROs, CHG concentration (skin sites only), and bacterial 16S rRNA V1-3 gene sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). Sequences were processed with DADA2 and analyzed with PhyloSeq and Vegan packages in R to calculate microbial diversity and composition.We enrolled 30 participants . Mean age was 62y, 52% female. Mean CHG concentration was 1736 \u00b5g/mL (range: 0-20000) during CHG visits vs 17.5 \u00b5g/mL (range: 0-1250) during routine soap visits. MDRO prevalence was lower during CHG visits  vs routine soap visits . 555 samples from 30 participants were adequate for microbiome analyses.CHG did not affect overall alpha diversity of microbial communities on skin , but proteobacteria were notably higher in NH vs hospital participants (P< 0.001). Because gram-negative bacteria often exhibit higher MICs to CHG than gram-positive bacteria, we assessed whether CHG concentration in NHs was associated with greater relative abundance of proteobacteria using generalized linear mixed models clustered by person. In NHs, CHG concentration was not associated with relative abundance of skin proteobacteria, although body mass index \u226530  and stool/urine incontinence were . Compared to the axilla, the groin had 35% higher relative abundance of proteobacteria (P< 0.001); fingers/hand samples had 9% lower (P=0.01).Nose/Skin Taxonomic Diversity Not Impacted by CHG BathingTimeline and alpha diversity using the Shannon Diversity Index of axilla, groin, finger/hand, and nares samples during CHG versus routine soap bathing phases. Each dot represents a sample. There were no significant differences in alpha diversity between CHG and routine soap phases.CHG bathing reduced MDRO prevalence but did not impact skin or nasal microbial alpha diversity in hospital or NH participants. Overall, NH residents had notably higher relative abundance of skin proteobacteria vs hospital patients. This finding was not associated with CHG concentration. Rather, proteobacteria appeared enriched in NH residents with obesity or incontinence.Gabrielle Gussin, MS, Medline Industries, Inc: Conducted studies where participating hospitals/nursing homes received cleaning & antiseptic product|Xttrium Laboratories: Conducted studies where participating hospitals & nursing homes received antiseptic bathing product Raveena D. Singh, MA, Medline Industries, Inc: Conducted studies where participating hospitals/nursing homes received cleaning & antiseptic product|Xttrium Laboratories: Conducted studies where participating hospitals & nursing homes received antiseptic bathing product Raheeb Saavedra, AS, Medline Industries, Inc: Conducted studies where participating hospitals/nursing homes received cleaning & antiseptic product|Xttrium Laboratories: Conducted studies where participating hospitals & nursing homes received antiseptic bathing product Connie Nguyen, n/a, Xttrium Laboratories: Conducted studies where participating hospitals & nursing homes received antiseptic bathing product Robert Pedroza, BS, Medline Industries, Inc: Conducted studies where participating hospitals/nursing homes received cleaning & antiseptic product Chase Berman, BS, Medline Industries, Inc: Conducted studies where participating hospitals/nursing homes received cleaning & antiseptic product Susan S. Huang, MD MPH, Medline Industries, Inc: Conducted studies whereby participating nursing homes and hospital patients received cleaning & antiseptic products|Xttrium Laboratories: Conducted studies where participating nursing homes and hospital patients received antiseptic products"}
{"text": "PCR testing of clinical specimens has been associated with false-positive test results. Detection of CMV DNA by PCR in saliva and urine has been used to identify neonates with congenital CMV infection, but the frequency of false-positive PCR results is not fully known. Our objective is to describe the frequency of \"false-positive\" saliva and urine CMV PCR tests when performed as screening for congenital CMV infection.From 2018 to 2023, neonates were screened for CMV infection if they had abnormal clinical, laboratory, or radiographic findings, referred on the newborn hearing screen, and since 2019, on admission to the 9 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of the Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital neonatal network, Columbus, OH. Pertinent demographic, clinical, audiologic, laboratory, and radiographic data were obtained and managed using REDCap. Infants who had an initial positive PCR screening test for CMV but subsequent negative PCR tests were identified.During the 6 year study period, 139 infants were diagnosed with congenital CMV infection. An additional 28 (17%) neonates tested positive for CMV DNA in saliva (n=26) or urine (n=2) but subsequent tests of urine specimens were negative for CMV. Most of the infants were tested as part of universal NICU screening (n=22), 5 had symptomatic disease, 3 referred on the newborn hearing screen, and 1 had thrombocytopenia. The infants were tested at a median (IQR) age of 3 (2-6) days. Their median (IQR) birth weight and gestational age were 2458 (1865-3360) grams and 37 (33-39) weeks, respectively. Four infants had their dried blood spot tested for CMV by PCR and were negative. 17 (77%) of 22 infants had known maternal milk exposure in the neonatal period.Neonatal saliva and/or urine screening for congenital CMV infection was associated with a \u201cfalse-positive\u201d test result in 17% of neonates who tested positive for CMV DNA by PCR. These results suggest that confirmation of a diagnosis of congenital CMV infection by PCR requires testing of multiple specimens with one of them being urine.Asuncion Mejias, MD, PhD, MsCS, Astra-Zeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi-Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Alexandra Katherine Medoro, MD, Merck: Grant/Research Support Amy Leber, PhD, Biomeriux: Grant/Research Support|BioRad: Advisor/Consultant|Cephied: Grant/Research Support|Diasorin: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "In this work, the 6 CFU of P. aeruginosa. Biofilms were allowed to form over 2 days, after which e-bandages with Tegaderm\u2122 or Tegaderm only were placed on the wound beds. Specifically, mice were randomized to one of three experimental groups (n = 7-8): 1) Tegaderm only (control); 2) non-polarized e-bandage; 3) polarized e-bandage using a wearable potentiostat. After 48 hours, animals were sacrificed and 10 mm skin biopsies containing the wound and surrounding tissue were harvested for bacterial quantification. Histopathology was performed on H&E-stained sections of wound beds from each treatment group. Blood was screened with an inflammatory cytokine panel. Wound healing  and purulence  were assessed in pre- and post-treatment wounds.5 mm skin wounds were created on the dorsal surface of Swiss-Webster mice and infected with 1010 biofilm CFUs/g (p < 0.0001) vs non-polarized controls, and 2.18 log10 CFU/g reduction (p < 0.0001) vs Tegaderm only controls . Compared to Tegaderm only, purulence reduction and wound healing were significantly higher for both non-polarized  and polarized treatment  groups, but were not significantly different from each other. Histopathology and blood inflammation panel testing showed no significant differences between groups.48 hours of polarized e-bandage treatment resulted in a mean reduction of 1.86 logP. aeruginosa in wound biofilms, representing a potential antibiotic-free strategy for the treatment of recalcitrant wound infections.An HOCl-producing e-bandage reduced Audrey N. Schuetz, MD, Merck: Advisor/Consultant Robin Patel, MD, Abbott Laboratories: Advisor/Consultant|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Mayo Clinic has a royalty-bearing know-how agreement and equity in Adaptive Phage Therapeutics.|BIOFIRE: Grant/Research Support|CARB-X: Advisor/Consultant|ContraFect: Grant/Research Support|Day Zero Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Advisor/Consultant|Mammoth Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Netflix: Advisor/Consultant|Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Advisor/Consultant|PhAST: Advisor/Consultant|See details: Patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis PCR issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic|See details: continued, patent on an anti-biofilm substance issued|TenNor Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Torus Biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|Trellis Bioscience, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "The publishers apologize for the error.The first author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Alexander Tschantz. The correct citation is: Tschantz A, Millidge B, Seth AK, Buckley CL (2023) Hybrid predictive coding: Inferring, fast and slow. PLoS Comput Biol 19(8): e1011280."}
{"text": "Staphylococcus aureus in clinical trials. We have developed a novel injectable scaffold-based vaccine for PJI. In this study, we evaluated vaccine immune response and bacterial burden in a murine model of PJI.There are currently no vaccines available to prevent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) and existing vaccine platforms have failed against S. aureus-derived pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) as described previously .Vaccines consisting of mesoporous silica rods (scaffold) and demethylated CpG (adjuvant) were prepared using S. aureus Xen29, a bioluminescent strain. Infected mice without vaccination (\u201cUnvaccinated\u201d) and without infection (\u201cUninfected\u201d) also underwent implant insertion (n=5). Mice underwent bioluminescent imaging, collection of sera and tissue, and euthanasia with implant harvest on Day 49.Mice were either unvaccinated or vaccinated by subcutaneous scaffold injection containing different amounts of PAMP antigen: 7.5, 30, or 150 units (n=5-8 per group). Mice received a second scaffold injection on Day 14 (same dose as Day 0) as booster. Sera was collected on Day 28. For a challenge study, mice vaccinated on Days 0 and 14 with scaffold loaded with 30 U of PAMPs (\u201cVaccinated\u201d) underwent implantation of a stainless-steel wire in the distal femur protruding into the joint space on Day 35 (n=8). The implant was inoculated with 1000 CFU S. aureus antibodies in a dose-dependent manner. Vaccination with Xen29 PAMPs resulted in antibodies with cross-reactivity against other S. aureus strains . Vaccinated mice had increased CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the adjacent draining lymph node. Vaccination induced higher IgG1 and IgG2b whereas infection only increased IgG2b . Vaccinated animals had bioluminescent similar to uninfected animals by Day 45 . Vaccinated animals had significantly less implant bacteria than unvaccinated animals and 25% of vaccinated animals did not have any detectable bacteria at euthanasia .Vaccination increased anti-S. aureus antibody production in an antigen dose-dependent manner and decreased bacterial burden in a murine model of PJI.Scaffold-based vaccination increased generalized anti-David Mooney, Ph.D., Advanced Healthcare Materials: Board Member|Agnovos: Stocks/Bonds|Attivare: Stocks/Bonds|Boston Scientific: Advisor/Consultant|Cartesian Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|IVIVA: Stocks/Bonds|Johnson & Johnson: Advisor/Consultant|Journal of Biomedical Materials Research: Board Member|Lightning Bio: Stocks/Bonds|Lyell: Stocks/Bonds|Medicenna: Advisor/Consultant|Norvartis: Advisor/Consultant|Norvartis: Grant/Research Support|Norvartis: IP Royalties|Revela: Stocks/Bonds|Samyang: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "The COVID-19 pandemic greatly impacted the lives of people across the globe. We sought to understand how the pandemic was perceived by and impacted the care of people living with chronic respiratory diseases, such as bronchiectasis and nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections.We conducted a prospective online survey of adults with chronic lung disease collecting data on demographics, health status, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on treatment, healthcare access and utilization. Participants were enrolled between 9/2021 and 3/2023. We recruited from outpatient bronchiectasis treatment centers and online forums. Patients completed a self-screening survey to verify meeting eligibility criteria . Baseline survey data were analyzed by viral variant wave [Delta (9/2021-12/2021) and Omicron (1/2022-3/2023)] and COVID-19 avoidance was compared by political party.Of 1,027 screened, 627 (61%) were eligible. Of those, 305 (49%) completed the baseline survey and were included. Participants were median age 67, mostly female , and 263 (89%) lived in the United States. 285 (93%) had bronchiectasis and 260 (85%) had NTM infection. Overall, 178 (58%) reported extreme concern about COVID-19. Of 254 (85%) patients reporting available telehealth, 235 (93%) reported a telehealth visit. In-person healthcare avoidance lessened or was similar comparing Delta to Omicron waves, e.g. avoidance of doctor visits , procedures , and lab tests . Participant level of concern about their lung disease remained high 98% to 95% across Delta and Omicron waves (p=0.08), while the proportion of those infected increased with Omicron (Table 2). When stratified by political party, Democrats were more likely to take social distancing precautions and take vaccine than those identifying as Republican (Table 3).Bronchiectasis and NTM patients reported a high level of concern about COVID-19 and many avoided in-person healthcare during the pandemic, which could impact disease progression. Most individuals took social distancing precautions, but levels varied by political party. This study was funded by Insmed Incorporated in accordance with fair market value.Emily Henkle, PhD, MPH, AN2 Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|MannKind: Advisor/Consultant Kevin L. Winthrop, MD, MPH, AN2: Advisor/Consultant|AN2: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: Advisor/Consultant|Insmed: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: This study was funded by Insmed Inc.|Paratek: Advisor/Consultant|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Red Hill Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|Red Hill Biopharma: Board Member|Red Hill Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Renovion: Advisor/Consultant|Renovion: Grant/Research Support|Spero: Advisor/Consultant|Spero: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Rates of annual flu vaccine receipt among college students remains significantly lower than the 2030 Healthy People target of > 70%. College students are at increased risk of contracting influenza due to close living and dining conditions, and illness due to influenza can have a negative impact on school attendance and academic achievement. This study assessed the extent to which vaccine hesitancy and logistical factors impacted college students\u2019 ability to receive a flu vaccine.This study consisted of three surveys administered through REDCap. During the 2021-22 and 2022-23 flu seasons, we administered a baseline survey to assess intention to receive a flu vaccine and logistical barriers that students face in receiving a flu vaccine. We also assessed vaccine hesitancy using a modified Parental Attitudes about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) questionnaire. One month later, we administered a follow-up survey to assess whether students had received a flu vaccine and to rank the importance of several factors in their decision-making.Sociodemographic information of respondents to the baseline survey.We had a total of 156 participants in the baseline survey and 97 participants in the follow-up survey. Sociodemographic information can be seen in Table 1. There was a self-reported flu vaccination rate of 63.9%. Only 4.5% of participants scored \u226550 for their adapted PACV survey, indicating that a small proportion of students are flu vaccine hesitant. Individuals who self-reported that they typically receive a flu vaccine yearly had statistically significantly (p < 0.0001) lower adapted PACV scores (11.0[9.5]) compared to individuals who self-reported that they do not typically receive a flu vaccine annually or have only received the vaccines needed to enter school (31.3[21.3]). Among individuals who did not receive a flu vaccine, the top three concerns were easiness of forgetting (78.6%), inconvenience (57.2%), and lack of time (49.9%).Understanding undergraduate barriers to receiving flu vaccines is critical in designing interventions that increase flu vaccine uptake in this population. Our study found that logistical barriers, rather than vaccine hesitancy, was the limiting factor in preventing college students from receiving flu vaccines.Tina Q. Tan, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Iliad: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support Ravi Jhaveri, MD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|AliOS: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|MedImmune: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Saol Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Adherence to daily oral antiretroviral therapy is important for sustaining HIV suppression. B/F/TAF Studies 1489, 1490, 4458, 1844 and 4030 demonstrated the noninferior efficacy of B/F/TAF versus DTG + 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). We retrospectively assessed drug adherence and effect on virologic outcomes.(Table) plus placebo; as a result, all received multiple tablets. Participants with \u2265 1 returned pill bottle and \u2265 1 on-treatment HIV-1 RNA measurement were included in the analysis. Adherence was calculated by pill count; virologic outcome was assessed by last on-treatment HIV-1 RNA.All studies were double-blind, placebo-controlled, and enrolled treatment-na\u00efve  or virologically suppressed  adults. Participants were randomized 1:1 to receive B/F/TAF or DTG + 2 NRTIs P \u2264 0.002, Figure). Similar results were observed at W144 in 2 studies  with additional follow-up data. Nine participants with low adherence had HIV-1 RNA \u2265 50 copies/mL at their last visit through W48: 3 subsequently resuppressed , 5 discontinued  and 1 was lost to follow-up (B/F/TAF).Altogether, 2,622 participants were included . The proportions of participants with high (\u2265 95%), intermediate (\u2265 85%\u2012< 95%) or low (< 85%) adherence were similar between the 2 groups; few had low adherence . Overall, 98.5%  in the B/F/TAF group and 98.2%  in the DTG + 2 NRTI group had virologic suppression (HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL) at last on-treatment visit through W48. In the B/F/TAF group, virologic suppression was similar in those with high and intermediate adherence versus those with low adherence; however, in the DTG + 2 NRTI group, virologic suppression was significantly higher in those with high and intermediate adherence compared with low adherence (Overall, most participants receiving either placebo-controlled B/F/TAF or DTG + 2 NRTIs demonstrated \u2265 85% adherence. In those with suboptimal adherence, B/F/TAF treatment maintained high levels of virologic suppression, while those with suboptimal DTG + 2 NRTI adherence had reduced virologic suppression.Kristen Andreatta, MS, Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Paul E. Sax, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support David Alain Wohl, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Honoraria|Theratech: Advisor/Consultant|Theratech: Honoraria|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Honoraria Michelle L. D\u2019Antoni, PhD, Gilead: Employment|Gilead: Stocks/Bonds Hailin Huang, PhD, Gilead: Employment Jason Hindman, PharmD, MBA, Gilead: Employment|Gilead: Stocks/Bonds Christian Callebaut, PhD, Gilead: Employment Hal Martin, MD, Gilead: Employment"}
{"text": "The RAPIDS GN trial, a prospective randomized controlled trial, showed that rapid blood culture antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) led to faster antibiotic therapy changes compared to standard of care (SOC) testing for Gram negative bacteremia  73:e39-e46). A secondary analysis of the data was conducted to assess impact of rapid testing on appropriateness of antibiotic spectrum by pathogen and resistance profile.Empiric treatment (0 to 2 h post randomization) among subjects with antibiotic-susceptible isolates of monomicrobial, on-panel Gram negative species (N = 320). For this analysis subjects from both SOC and rapid testing groups were included. Black: Excluded from treatment definition if subjects received no antibiotics, antibiotics without susceptibility results reported, or only an aminoglycoside, azithromycin, penicillin, rifaximin, or atovaquone.Antibiotic treatment appropriateness for antibiotic-susceptible Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella and Proteus isolates (N= 240) by time after randomization and treatment arm. Black: Excluded from treatment definition if subjects received no antibiotics, antibiotics without susceptibility results reported, or only an aminoglycoside, azithromycin, penicillin, rifaximin, or atovaquone. AXDX, rapid susceptibility testing group.rd generation cephalosporin non-susceptible or carbapenem-resistant isolates.Subjects enrolled in the RAPIDS GN trial who had blood cultures with monomicrobial Gram negative bacilli that were \u201con-panel\u201d for the rapid test were included. Antibiotics administered from randomization (0 h) through 52 h were evaluated. Antibiotic therapy was classified based on SOC AST as: undertreatment (antibiotic to which the blood isolate was resistant), appropriate treatment (narrowest spectrum antibiotic to which the blood isolate was susceptible), and overtreatment [overly broad-spectrum antibiotic(s) based on blood isolate AST]. Antibiotic-resistant isolates were defined as 3Antibiotic treatment appropriateness for antibiotic-resistant  Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella and Proteus isolates (N= 50) by time after randomization and treatment arm. Black: Excluded from treatment definition if subjects received no antibiotics, antibiotics without susceptibility results reported, or only an aminoglycoside, azithromycin, penicillin, rifaximin, or atovaquone. AXDX, rapid susceptibility testing group.Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella and Proteus species than for other species . Among 290 E. coli, Klebsiella and Proteus isolates, treatment appropriateness improved with time after randomization in both SOC and rapid testing groups. The proportion with appropriate treatment was higher in the rapid testing group than the SOC group at all time points after 24 h post-randomization and differed by resistance. Overtreatment was common for susceptible isolates while undertreatment was common for resistant isolates . Among resistant isolates, by 52 h post-randomization undertreatment decreased to 15% in the rapid testing group but only 35% in the SOC group .388/448 (87%) subjects were included . Among susceptible isolates, between 0 through 2 h post-randomization (before AST results), overtreatment was more common for E. coli, Klebsiella, and Proteus bacteremia. These findings can inform antibiotic stewardship and design of future blood culture diagnostic trials.In the RAPIDS GN trial, rapid AST had the greatest benefit on management of antibiotic-resistant Ritu Banerjee, MD, Ph.D, bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: company is providing partial support for an ongoing trial unrelated to submitted abstract Sarah B. Doernberg, MD, MAS, Basilea: Clinical events committee/adjudication committee participation|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Janssen/J+J: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Shinogi: Clinical events committee/adjudication committee participation Robin Patel, MD, Abbott Laboratories: Advisor/Consultant|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Mayo Clinic has a royalty-bearing know-how agreement and equity in Adaptive Phage Therapeutics.|BIOFIRE: Grant/Research Support|CARB-X: Advisor/Consultant|ContraFect: Grant/Research Support|Day Zero Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Advisor/Consultant|Mammoth Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Netflix: Advisor/Consultant|Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Advisor/Consultant|PhAST: Advisor/Consultant|See details: Patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis PCR issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic|See details: continued, patent on an anti-biofilm substance issued|TenNor Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Torus Biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|Trellis Bioscience, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "RSV infection diagnosis in hospitalized adults is based primarily on PCR testing of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs. Adding sputum is known to increase diagnostic yield, and saliva has been successfully used for viral respiratory infection diagnosis, however, no study has evaluated the synergistic effect of adding both sample types concurrentlyWe sought to define the increase in RSV prevalence when diagnosed by PCR of NP swab plus sputum and/or saliva versus NP swab PCR alone in adult patients hospitalized with acute respiratory illness (ARI) over two seasons, overall and by subgroup. First season overall findings were previously presented at ID week; this analysis adds season 2 data, allowing for subgroup analyses.This was a prospective cohort study of patients aged \u226540 years and hospitalized for ARI in four hospitals in Louisville, Kentucky during two seasons: 27Dec2021\u201301Apr2022 and 22Aug2022\u201303Mar2023. NP swab, saliva, and sputum specimens were obtained, and PCR tested with Luminex ARIES platform. RSV prevalence was calculated for diagnosis by NP swab alone, and NP swab plus sputum and/or saliva. Increase in RSV diagnosis with additional sample testing was compared for the whole cohort, for those with all three specimen types obtained, and by age, sex, and immune status.We enrolled 2,798 patients and collected NP swabs in 100%, saliva in 99%, and sputum in 31% of patients. Among all patients, 133 (4.8%) had RSV diagnosed by any specimen versus 80 (2.9%) diagnosed by NP swab alone, consistent with an 66% increase in prevalence . Among 856 patients with three specimens obtained, 62 (7.2%) patients were diagnosed by any specimen, versus 37 (4.3%) patients with RSV diagnosed by NP swab alone. RSV detection trended higher among men (2.00), middle-aged adults , and immunocompromised persons (1.78) (Table 1).Table 1Increase in RSV detection associated with testing additional specimen types beyond NP swab for specific populationsRSV infections were frequently detected in saliva and sputum samples. Standard-of-care PCR testing of NP swabs for RSV underestimates RSV prevalence in adult patients hospitalized with ARI. Hospitalized RSV ARI burden estimates in adults based solely on NP swab RT-PCR should be adjusted for underestimation.Ruth Carrico, PhD, DNP, APRN, Moderna: COVID-19 vaccine|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: PCV20|Pfizer: Meningococcal and Pneumococcal vaccines; Paxlovid|Sanofi: Speaker; influenza vaccine|Seqirus: Influenza vaccine|Valneva: Travel vaccines Ashley M. Wilde, PharmD, BCIDP, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Qing Liu, M.S., Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Paula Peyrani, MD, Pfizer, Inc: Employee|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Negar Aliabadi, MD, MS, Pfizer: Employee Bradford J. Gessner, M.D, M.P.H., Pfizer: I am an employee of Pfizer|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Elizabeth Begier, M.D, M.P.H., Pfizer: EB is an employee of Pfizer, the sponsor of this study|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Syphilis rates in the United Stated (U.S.) have increased steadily for over a decade. Despite over 75 years as the drug of choice for syphilis treatment, controversy persists on optimal duration of therapy with benzathine penicillin G (BPG) for persons with early syphilis, particularly for persons co-infected with HIV. Given the ongoing national shortages of BPG, optimizing duration of therapy is an urgent concern.> 4-fold decline in RPR titer measured at 6 months. Intention to treat (ITT) and per protocol analyses were performed and were similar. ITT analyses are presented here.We conducted a multicenter RCT comparing a single intramuscular (IM) injection of BPG, 2.4 million units to BPG administered for three successive weeks for treatment of early syphilis in persons with and without HIV. The primary outcome of the study was a > 4-fold decline in RPR titer) at 6 months was 76%  0.68-0.82) in the single dose group and did not differ significantly from the three-dose group . There were no treatment failures (> 4-fold increase in RPR titer). Among persons with and without HIV there was no significant difference in RPR response at 6 months: 76% in the single-dose group vs. 71% in the 3-dose group (95% CI 0.05-0.17). Most participants experienced mild to moderate local injection site pain and tenderness.A total of 249 persons with early syphilis were enrolled at 10 participating sites. Most (97%) participants were were categorized as male sex, black race (62%), and 153 (64%) were living with HIV. The syphilis stage distribution was 19% primary, 47% secondary, and 33% early latent and did not differ significantly by HIV status. Serologic response (Treatment of persons with early syphilis with more than a single dose of 2.4 million units of BPG offers no therapeutic benefit irrespective of HIV infection status and was associated with increased rates of injection site discomfort.Edward W. Hook, III, FIDSA, GARPD (Global Antibiotic Resistance Program: Advisor/Consultant|Talis Biomedical: Advisor/Consultant|VISBY Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant Candice J. McNeil, MD, MPH, BARDA/GSK: Grant/Research Support|Becton Dickinson: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lupin: study product Julia C. Dombrowski, MD, MPH, Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Mayne Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a siderophore cephalosporin that hijacks the iron transport system of Gram-negative bacteria to facilitate cell entry and reach its target. CFDC remains stable to hydrolysis in the presence of serine \u03b2-lactamases  and metallo-\u03b2-lactamases (MBL). CFDC and comparator activities were analyzed against Enterobacterales (ENT), including molecularly characterized isolates, as part of the US SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program.E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis with ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, or aztreonam MIC \u2265 2 \u03bcg/mL plus any ENT displaying an MIC \u2265 2 \u03bcg/mL for imipenem  or meropenem (MER) were subjected to genome sequencing and screening of \u03b2-lactamase genes.11,884 ENT were collected from 33 sites in the USA in 2020\u20132022. Susceptibility (S) testing was performed by broth microdilution. CFDC testing utilized iron-depleted media. CLSI breakpoints were used. 50/90, 0.5/4 \u03bcg/mL; 97.6%S) and CZA  were the most active agents against carbapenem-nonS isolates, whereas IMR  and MEV  had suboptimal activity. CFDC , IMR , MEV , and CZA  were active (98.7\u2013100%S) against the KPC subset. CFDC  was also active against ENT carrying MBL genes, whereas CFDC  and CZA  were active against isolates carrying blaOXA-48\u2013like.CFDC (99.8%S), imipenem-relebactam , meropenem-vaborbactam , and ceftazidime-avibactam  were active against carbapenem-susceptible ENT that carried ESBL and/or AmpC genes (Table). CFDC (MICblaKPC, where approved \u03b2-lactam/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combinations showed limited activity. These data emphasize CFDC as an important option for the treatment of infections caused by ENT and resistant subsets.CFDC activity against ENT was consistent, regardless of isolate phenotypes or genotypes, including against isolates carrying carbapenemase genes other than Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support John H. Kimbrough, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Valerie Kantro, BA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Dee Shortridge, PhD, Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). In this post hoc subgroup analysis, the durability of fecal microbiota, live-jslm , the first microbiota-based LBP approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of recurrent CDI (rCDI) in adults following antibiotic treatment for rCDI, was investigated in a subset of participants who received systemic antibiotics for indications other than CDI following RBL treatment in a phase 2 open-label trial (NCT02589847).Live biotherapeutic products (LBPs) are adjunctive therapies to prevent recurrence of PUNCH Open Label participants were \u2265 18 years old with either \u2265 2 rCDI episodes treated with standard-of-care antibiotic therapy after a primary CDI episode, or \u2265 2 severe CDI episodes requiring hospitalization. Participants in this analysis all received 2 doses of RBL rectally administered approximately 7 days apart. We report outcomes at various timepoints for participants who were successfully treated with RBL and subsequently received non-CDI systemic antibiotics.A total of 43 participants were included in the analysis; the mean age was 65.9 years, most were male (67.4%), and most (97.7%) had \u2265 3 rCDI episodes before RBL. Most participants were treated with antibiotic monotherapy , received 1 course of treatment , and did not receive CDI prophylaxis . The median time to antibiotic exposure after the second dose of RBL was 155 days , and the median duration of treatment per antibiotic course was 8 days . Urinary system infections were the most common indication for antibiotic treatment . Among evaluable participants who received systemic antibiotics within 8 weeks, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months of RBL administration, 91.6% (11/12), 95.7% (22/23), 90.6% (29/32), and 83.3% (30/36) remained CDI recurrence-free, respectively. A total of 86% (37/43) of participants were recurrence-free at their last evaluable timepoint.In this post hoc analysis, RBL remained effective in preventing CDI recurrence in patients with multiple episodes of rCDI after subsequent systemic antibiotic exposure.Kelly R. Reveles, PharmD, PhD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, PharmD, BCIDP, Cidara Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Personal Fees|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Seres Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support Yoav Golan, MD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria|Seres Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Vedanta Bioscience: Advisor/Consultant Carolyn D. Alonso, MD, Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning: Honoraria|AiCuris: Advisor/Consultant|American Society of Healthcare Pharmacists: Honoraria|Cidara Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Clinical Care Options: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support Beth Guthmueller, AS, Rebiotix Inc., a Ferring Company: Employee Xing Tan, PharmD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Employee Monique Bidell, PharmD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Employee Victoria Pokhilko, PhD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Employee Carl Crawford, MD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Andrew M. Skinner, MD, Academy for Continued Healthcare Learning: Honoraria|American Society of Healthcare Pharmacists: Honoraria|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria|MJH Life Sciences: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Clinical implementation of whole genome sequencing (WGS) has been identified as the optimal approach to identify transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms in the healthcare setting. Although WGS capabilities are becoming more common in clinical laboratories, analysis and interpretation of results is still a barrier to implementation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cloud-based automated analytic pipelines to aid with WGS analysis of MDR gram-negative organisms as part of outbreak investigations.Enterobacterales (n: 142), Acinetobacter baumannii complex (n: 14) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n:29) isolates were WGS on Illumina sequencing platforms. The FASTQ files were uploaded to AREScloud  and to EPISEQ CS (bioM\u00e9rieux) for whole genome or core genome multi-locus sequence typing (wgMLST/cgMLST) with dendrogram creation. Results were compared to traditional 7 gene MLST schema. Ease-of-use and additional tools were compared between pipelines.A convenience set of MDR AREScloud and EPISEQ CS generated similar dendrograms for all organisms evaluated . EPISEQ CS provided preset similarity thresholds based on percent relatedness to define clusters simplifying outbreak analysis, whereas AREScloud allowed users to define allelic difference cutoffs. Although the wgMLST/cgMLST clusters aligned with traditional MLST types, not all isolates assigned to a similar MLST were identified as part of a related cluster demonstrating increased resolution of wgMLST and cgMLST phylogenetic assessments. Table 1 compares the features between the two pipelines.Dendrogram generated for Escherichia coli (EPISEQ CS)Dendrogram generated for Escherichia coli (AREScloud)Comparison of features between EPISEQ CS and AREScloud for phylogenetic analysisBoth cloud-based tools perform comparably for assessing phylogenetic relatedness compared to traditional MLST. Preset similarity thresholds available with EPISEQ CS provide ease-of-use for cluster assessment. Additional features, such as resistome and virulome analysis, are available by both pipelines. Predictive WGS-AST is an additional asset available with AREScloud.Karen C. Carroll, MD, Abbott Diagnostics: Board Member|Co-Diagnostics, Inc.: Board Member|Great Basin: Grant/Research Support|Meridian Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Pattern Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|Pattern Diagnostics: Stocks/Bonds|Qiagen, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Scanogen: Advisor/Consultant|Scanogen: Grant/Research Support Patricia J. Simner, PhD, Affinity Biosensors: Grant/Research Support|BD Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|BD Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|GeneCapture: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|OpGen Inc: Board Member|OpGen Inc: Grant/Research Support|OpGen Inc: Honoraria|Qiagen Sciences Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Qiagen Sciences Inc: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi Inc: Advisor/Consultant|T2 Biosystems: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Bacillus cereus can cause serious nosocomial infections, including neuroinvasive infections in immunocompromised patients. Three patients with AML developed hospital-onset neuroinvasive B. cereus infections in close temporal proximity at our institution in 2022, triggering an extensive epidemiological investigation.Bacillus species >48 hours after admission, and neurological symptoms with radiologic findings admitted between January 2018 and October 2022 . Infection control practices were observed, environmental samples obtained, and a dietary case-control study was performed. Bacillus isolates were sequenced, including 2 case isolates, 61 environmental specimens, and 19 samples of a protein supplement common to most AML patients.We identified all patients with AML, positive microbiologic assays for B. cereus neuroinvasive disease were identified. Four were identified via blood culture and one via metagenomic sequencing of plasma cell-free DNA. All patients were hospitalized for induction chemotherapy and were neutropenic . Central nervous system findings included intraparenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and rim-enhancing lesions. All patients were treated with ciprofloxacin and survived without neurologic sequelae. B. cereus was positively identified in 7/61 environmental and 1/19 protein samples. There was no single exposure common to all patients per the dietary case-control study, hospital construction records, or environmental samples. Sequencing confirmed all isolates were unrelated. Ciprofloxacin was added to the empiric antimicrobial regimen for AML patients with neutropenic prolonged or recurrent fevers in September 2022; no new cases have since been identified through April 2023 .Five AML patients with B. cereus is ubiquitous in the hospital environment, sometimes leading to pseudoclusters with unrelated isolates. Fastidious infection control practices addressing a broad range of potential exposures are warranted to prevent nosocomial infections. Including B. cereus coverage in empiric regimens for AML patients with prolonged or recurrent neutropenic fever may prevent serious infections from this pathogen.Nicolas C. Issa, MD, AiCuris: Grant/Research Support|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Boehringer Ingelheim: Advisor/Consultant|Fujifilm: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Chanu Rhee, MD, MPH, Cytovale: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|UpToDate, Inc.: Honoraria Michael Klompas, MD, MPH, UpToDate, Inc.: Royalties for chapters on pneumonia"}
{"text": "Impact of COVID-19 national lockdown on asthma exacerbations: interrupted time-series analysis of English primary care data. Thorax 2021;76:860-866.Shah SA, Quint JK, Nwaru BI, Author acknowledgements have been updated in the online HTML and PDF."}
{"text": "We sought to compare B/F/TAF and DTG/3TC in virologically suppressed, treatment-experienced people with HIV in the OPERAAll treatment-experienced adults with HIV switching to B/F/TAF or DTG/3TC (01Aug2020-30Jun2022) with a viral load (VL) < 200 copies/mL at switch and \u22651 follow-up VL were included. Confirmed virologic failure (VF) was defined as 2 consecutive VL \u2265200 copies/mL or regimen discontinuation following a VL \u2265200 copies/mL; VL \u226550 copies/mL was used in a sensitivity analysis. Discontinuation was defined as any regimen modification or a treatment gap >45 days. Incidence rates (Poisson regression) and hazard ratios  were estimated with inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTW) to adjust for race, payer, CD4 count and eGFR at baseline. Covariate balance was assessed with standardized mean differences; values \u22640.10 indicated adequate balance.\u2265200 incidence rates per 100 person years were low ; risk with B/F/TAF was not statistically different than with DTG/3TC . VF\u226550 incidence rates were higher, but risk did not differ between groups . All-cause regimen discontinuation was less likely with B/F/TAF than DTG/3TC . Treatment-related discontinuation  was identified in 6% of B/F/TAF and 9% of DTG/3TC discontinuers.On B/F/TAF, 3713 individuals were followed for a median of 16 months . On DTG/3TC, 2327 individuals were followed for a median of 15 months . The distribution of key characteristics differed between groups; balance was achieved with IPTW (Table 1). VFIn this real-world US cohort, virologically suppressed individuals switching to B/F/TAF were less likely to discontinue their regimen than those switching to DTG/3TC. VF was infrequent and no statistical difference was observed in the risk of VF between regimens over the study duration.Jennifer S. Fusco, BS, Epividian, Inc.: Salary|Epividian, Inc.: Ownership Interest|Epividian, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Laurence Brunet, PhD, Epividian, Inc.: Salary|Epividian, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Michael Sension, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Grant/Research Support|Viiv: Honoraria Megan Dunbar, PhD, Gilead: Employment Joshua Gruber, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Douglas Dieterich, MD, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Abbvie: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Honoraria Gregory P. Fusco, MD, MPH, Epividian, Inc.: Board Member|Epividian, Inc.: Ownership Interest|Epividian, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Histological presence of fungal organisms associated with tissue damage is the hallmark for invasive fungal diseases. Rapid and accurate identification (ID) of these fungal pathogens present is critical for initiating appropriate treatment without delay. We investigated an automated sample-to-answer targeted NGS workflow for the ID of fungi directly from FFPE tissues.170 FFPE tissues (93 cases) from 2002 to 2022 at Johns Hopkins Hospital were selected based on histologic findings of the presence of fungal pathogens. Samples were run by PathoKey SQ Flex assay, (Vela Diagnostics) which includes automated extraction, library preparation and emulsion PCR followed by NGS on a Sentosa SQ301 and analyzed using Vela\u2019s curated database. Two negative controls (NCs) were included on each run. To compare NGS results, 51 samples were extracted using the MagMAX\u2122 FFPE DNA/RNA Ultra Kit (Applied Biosystems) followed by pan-fungal PCR (ITS1/ITS2/D1D2) and Sanger sequencing (SS) and analyzed through NCBI nucleotide blast for ID.116/170 (68%) samples had culture results: 69/116 (59%) were concordant with Vela NGS (VS) ID to the genus/species level; 18/28 (64%) samples were concordant with SS ID to the genus/species level. Among 54 samples with no/negative culture results: 26/54 (48%) were presumptive Mucorales, of which 23/26 (88.5%) were supported by VS ID and 5/12 (42%) supported by SS ID; 12/54 (22%) were presumptive aspergillus-like hyphae fungi, of which 10/12 (83%) were supported by VS ID and 4/9 (44%) supported by SS ID. 15/170 (8.8%) samples had no VS ID due to QC failures, and 15/26 (58%) with no VS ID had no organism seen or scant amount of fungal load in the histology slide.VS detected fungal organisms in 76% (129/170) of FFPE tissues, of which it correctly ID-ed pathogens down to the genus/species level in 94% (102/129) of samples. VS is more sensitive to pathogen ID than SS. Samples with discordant or no results by VS were mostly due to small tissue input or low fungal loads present in histology. Environmental or human skin flora contamination reads overshadowing possible pathogens were observed in few cases; therefore, it is critical to include NCs in each run to distinguish them from clinically significant fungal pathogens.Marissa C. Totten, MA, Vela Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support Pramila Ariyaratne, n/a, Vela Diagnostics: Employee Tony Zhang, n/a, Vela Diagnostics: Employee Sean Zhang, MD, PhD, Applied BioCode: Grant/Research Support|IMMY Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|KARIUS: Advisor/Consultant|Pearl Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Scanogen: Grant/Research Support|T2 biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|Vela Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support Charlie Lee, Ph.D, Vela Diagnostics: Employee"}
{"text": "Clinical outcomes associated with bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) are influenced by multiple factors, including the infecting bacterial species and choice of antibiotic therapy. However, the mechanisms by which differences in such factors influence patient outcomes are poorly understood. We hypothesized that variations in bacterial etiology and antibiotic therapy may alter clinical outcomes in part through differential host gene expression signatures. Therefore, we aimed to identify bacterial- and antibiotic-specific host transcriptional signatures in patients with bacterial BSI.Escherichia coli (n=30) or Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=28) vs. methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus [MSSA] (n=24) or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (n=58). Patients were matched by age, gender, and race. Differential gene expression and gene co-expression analyses were performed .RNA-Seq was performed on whole blood samples in patients infected with BSI due to prototypic Gram-negative vs. Gram-positive bacterial pathogens: Figure 1Overview of study design.E. coli versus K. pneumoniae BSI, so these groups were considered together as gram-negative BSI. Relative to S. aureus BSI, patients with gram-negative BSI had increased activation of the classical complement system . However, the most significant signal was a reduction in host transcriptional signatures involving mitochondrial energy transduction and oxidative burst in MRSA vs. MSSA . This attenuated host transcriptional signature in MRSA BSI remained after controlling for antibiotic therapy.Clinical characteristics of patients with BSI in this study are shown in Table 1. No significant differences were detected in overall host transcriptomes in patients with Table 1Demographics and outcomes of patients with bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) included in this study.Figure 2Whole blood gene transcript level changes in patients with gram-negative bloodstream infection (BSI) relative to gram-positive  BSI. (A) Volcano plot showing gene transcript level differences in patients with gram-negative versus S. aureus BSI. Genes that had log2-transformed fold change (Log2FC) greater than 1 or less than -1 and had a false discovery rate (FDR) less than 0.1 are shown in red. Genes meeting only the Log2FC or FDR criteria are shown in green and blue, respectively. Genes meeting neither criteria (NS) are shown in gray. (B) g:Profiler biological processes associated with the gene transcript differences in patients with gram-negative versus S. aureus BSI. For each biological process, the number of genes associated with the process (count) and p-value associated with the process are shown. In (C), the genes associated with the process shown in (B) are listed.Figure 3Whole blood gene transcript level changes in patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bloodstream infection (BSI) relative to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) BSI. (A) Volcano plot showing gene transcript level differences in patients with MSSA versus MRSA BSI. Genes that had log2-transformed fold change (Log2FC) greater than 1 or less than -1 and had a false discovery rate (FDR) less than 0.1 are shown in red. Genes meeting only the Log2FC or FDR criteria are shown in green and blue, respectively. Genes meeting neither criteria (NS) are shown in gray. Circled in red is a group of genes that are particularly different between the two groups and further described in (B). In (B), the log2-transformed fold changes (Log2FC) (C) g:Profiler biological processes analysis of gene transcript level differences in patients with MSSA versus MRSA BSI. For each pathway, the number of genes associated with the pathway (count) and p-value associated with the pathway are shown.S. aureus. Given the importance of respiratory functions and reactive oxygen species in eliminating intracellular S. aureus, this finding may offer new insights into persistence of MRSA BSI relative to other bacteria.We uncovered an MRSA-specific host transcriptional signature that was driven in large part by suppressed mitochondrial responses necessary for essential immune functions in oxidative killing of Joshua T. Thaden, MD, PhD, Resonantia Diagnostics, Inc: Advisor/Consultant Vance G. Fowler, MD, MHS, Amphliphi Biosciences, Integrated Biotherapeutics; C3J, Armata, Valanbio; Akagera, Aridis, Roche, Astra Zeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech, Regeneron, Deep Blue, Basilea, Janssen;: Grant/Research Support|Infectious Diseases Society of America: Honoraria|MedImmune, Allergan, Pfizer, Advanced Liquid Logics, Theravance, Novartis, Merck; Medical Biosurfaces; Locus; Affinergy; Contrafect; Karius;: Grant/Research Support|Novartis, Debiopharm, Genentech, Achaogen, Affinium, Medicines Co., MedImmune, Bayer, Basilea, Affinergy, Janssen, Contrafect, Regeneron, Destiny,: Advisor/Consultant|Sepsis diagnostic: Patent pending|UpToDate: Royalties|Valanbio and ArcBio: Stock Options"}
{"text": "Borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the United States. It drives a multisystem disorder, of which Lyme arthritis is the most common feature of late disseminated disease, seen in approximately 60% of untreated individuals. While most Lyme arthritis resolves with oral or IV antibiotics, termed \u201cantibiotic-responsive\u201d arthritis, a small percentage of individuals develop progressive synovitis despite both oral and IV antibiotic therapy, called \u201cantibiotic refractory\u201d Lyme arthritis (LA), requiring treatment with immunosuppressive, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs). The primary drivers behind antibiotic refractory disease are likely multifactorial and remain incompletely understood. More specifically, it remains unclear whether antibodies, specific for Borrelia or autoantibodies, may act as biomarkers or play a mechanistic role in driving pathogenesis in the joint.Lyme disease, caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi -specific antibodies to B67 lysate, CRASP1, CRASP2, DbpA, DbpB, Arp37, Flagellin, OspA, OspB, OspC, OspE, p27, p35, p39, VlsE, and autoantigen Apolipoprotein B100.We performed a matched, cross-compartmental comparison of antibody profiles from blood and joint fluid of individuals with antibiotic responsive (n = 11) or antibiotic refractory arthritis (n= 31). We used a multiplexed luminex assay to perform biophysical profiling of B.burgdorferi-specific antibodies in the joint fluid was able to discriminate antibiotic responsive from refractory LA patients. Cross compartmental comparison of antibody glycosylation, IgA1, and antibody-dependent complement deposition (ADCD) revealed differences across compartments, with more poorly coordinated Lyme-specific humoral responses and increased antibody-dependent complement deposition in antibiotic-refractory arthritis.While serum antibody profiles poorly discriminated responsive from refractory LA patients, a discrete profile of B.burgdorferi-specific serological markers that may support the early stratification and clinical management of LA, but also point to immune complex driven complement activation as a key mechanism underlying persistent Lyme arthritis.These data demonstrate Christine Wiggins, B.S., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company: Stocks/Bonds Elizabeth Deriso, PhD, Takeda: Employee Klemen Strle, PhD, Takeda: I am an employee of Takeda. My work at Takeda does not overlap with my academic efforts in Lyme disease. John A. Branda, M.D, Analog Devices Inc.: Grant/Research Support|DiaSorin: Grant/Research Support|Gold Standard Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc: Grant/Research Support|Zeus Scientific: Grant/Research Support Douglas A. Lauffenburger, PhD, Sanofi: Board Member|Sanofi: Honoraria|Sanofi: Honoraria Galit Alter, PhD, Leyden Labs: Ownership Interest|Moderna Therapeutics: Employee|Seromyx Systems: Ownership Interest"}
{"text": "Vaccination is recommended for prevention of infectious diseases. For individuals with a history of corneal transplantation, however, there are concerns that vaccination may trigger allograft rejection through elevated immune activity. The association between vaccination and graft rejection remains unclear.We conducted a nested case-control study to evaluate the association between graft rejection and vaccination in corneal transplant recipients at Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) between January 2008 and August 2022. We identified all KPSC members who received a corneal transplant during the study period, with no history of prior transplant or rejection. Cases were those who experienced a graft rejection during the study period and eligible controls were those who had not experienced a rejection at the time of a given case. Controls were randomly selected via risk-set sampling and matched in a 3:1 ratio to cases on age, sex, and transplant date (\u00b112 weeks). Index date was the date of rejection for cases. For controls, index date was determined by adding the number of days between transplant and rejection of the matched case to the control\u2019s transplant date. We performed multivariable conditional logistic regression to compare the odds of vaccination  in the 12 weeks prior to the index date in cases and controls, while adjusting for potential confounders.Table 1). A total of 136 (23%) cases and 373 (21%) controls received vaccination within 12 weeks of the index date  (Table 2).Our study included 601 corneal transplant recipients with rejection (cases), and 1,803 matched controls. The overall cohort was 48% female and 47% white, with a mean age of 66 years (s.d. 17) (We did not find evidence of an elevated risk of graft rejection associated with vaccination given in the 12 weeks prior to the index date. Although our study is the largest study examining the association between corneal transplant rejection and vaccination to our knowledge, this study may be underpowered to detect a minimal increase in risk. Our findings provide support for completion of recommended vaccinations for patients who are planning or have received a corneal transplant.Jennifer H. Ku, PhD MPH, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Julia Tubert, MPH, Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Yi Luo, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Kevin L. Winthrop, MD, MPH, AN2: Advisor/Consultant|AN2: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: Advisor/Consultant|Insmed: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: This study was funded by Insmed Inc.|Paratek: Advisor/Consultant|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Red Hill Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|Red Hill Biopharma: Board Member|Red Hill Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Renovion: Advisor/Consultant|Renovion: Grant/Research Support|Spero: Advisor/Consultant|Spero: Grant/Research Support Divya Srikumaran, MD, Alcon: Advisor/Consultant|Claris Biotherpeautics: Grant/Research Support Ana Florea, PhD MPH, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Hung Fu Tseng, PhD MPH, GSK: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Long-acting (LA) cabotegravir/rilpivirine (CAB/RPV) may simplify antiretroviral therapy (ART), improve adherence, and reduce pill stigma for people with HIV (PWH). However, real-world implementation is challenged by various barriers. We describe an integrated LA CAB/RPV workflow and the clinical characteristics and outcomes of PWH referred for and initiated on CAB/RPV in a Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program-funded clinic in South Florida (serving more than 1600 PWH).The clinic engaged an interdisciplinary team  to develop and maintain an infrastructure required to transition virologically suppressed (HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL) PWH from oral ART to LA CAB/RPV . MD/APRN referred pre-screened and interested PWH to PharmDs for eligibility evaluation, medication counseling, and drug acquisition. RNs administered injections, scheduled and tracked clinic appointments to ensure on-time injections, and ordered appropriate labs. PWH followed up with MD/APRN every 4 months to ensure efficacy and safety.Between January 2022 and March 2023, 83 PWH were referred to PharmDs for initiation of LA CAB/RPV and 30 (36%) initiated LA CAB/RPV. Those not initiated on LA CAB/RPV included those who declined to start  (n=23), clinician adherence concerns (n=9), insurance denial (n=7), and baseline resistance (n=7). Payor source for LA CAB/RPV included 40% RWHAP, 36% private, and 24% Medicare/Medicaid. For those initiated on LA CAB/RPV (Table 1), we observed a mean turnaround time of 23 days from PharmD eligibility evaluation to the first injections. Three PWH discontinued LA CAB/RPV: 2 due to side effects and 1 due to pregnancy. Five PWH experienced low-level viremia (HIV RNA < 200 copies/mL) following the switch, all others maintained viral suppression.A large number of eligible and interested PWH referred for LA CAB/RPV did not initiate the drug. Those who initiated CAB/RPV tolerated the drug well and maintained viral suppression. Implementation of LA CAB/RPV is enhanced by an interdisciplinary team to provide services, optimize workflows, and maintain infrastructure needed for a successful program.All Authors: No reported disclosures"}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, comparative data are lacking. The purpose of this study was to compare rates of tx-emergent resistance among patients (pts) with bacteremia or pneumonia at a single center.CZA and CT are front-line agents for treatment (tx) of MDR Adult pts treated for >48 hours with CZA or CT were included. Pts with cystic fibrosis or colonization were excluded. Isolates were tested by broth microdilution (BMD) in triplicate and underwent whole-genome sequencing.Table 1). CT-treated pts were less likely to receive prolonged infusions and monotherapy, but more likely to have empyema/endovascular infections. Baseline median (range) MICs were 4 (2\u20138mg/L) and 2 (0.25\u20138mg/L) for CZA and CT, respectively. Within 90-days from tx onset, rates of resistance defined as either \u22654-fold MIC increase or MIC >8mg/L were higher among CZA-treated pts (Table 1). Corresponding median MICs of resistant isolates were 16 (16\u2013128mg/L) and 64 (32\u2013512mg/L), respectively. Across 107 baseline isolates, 59 different sequence types (ST) were represented. The most common P. aeruginosa cephalosporinase (PDC) variants were PDC-3, PDC-5, and PDC-8, present in 10%, 21%, and 10% of isolates, respectively. Resistance evolved across varying STs. A subgroup of contemporary pts was well-balanced and supported overall findings (Table 2). From this subgroup, rates of tx-emergent resistance among pts receiving CZA or CT monotherapy were 50% (6/12) and 6% (1/17), respectively (P=0.01). Rates of CT-resistance were lower among pts who received prolonged  versus standard  infusions. Paired baseline and resistant isolates showing \u22654-fold MIC increase were compared (Table 3). CZA resistance was associated with sequence changes in ampD and/or efflux genes in 5 pts; 2 additional pairs showed mutations in ftsI (PBP3). CT resistance was associated with new ampC mutations in 83% of pairs.113 pts were included. Demographics, severity of illness, and durations of tx were similar for pts tx\u2019d with CZA or CT : Advisor/Consultant|LabSimply: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Honoraria Ryan K. Shields, PharmD, MS, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Utility: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Cisgender women (CGW) account for 48% of new HIV infections globally and 18% of new HIV infections in the United States (US) but comprise only 8% of daily oral PrEP users in the US. Social-structural factors including stigma, gender norms, and medical provider bias have been linked to daily oral PrEP inequities among CGW. These factors influencing PrEP utilization merit further attention as additional options emerge, including long-acting (LA) injectable PrEP.Table 1). CGW in the DR were female sex workers (FSW), while those in DC were seeking reproductive health services. Thematic content analysis was employed.PrEP preferences, barriers, and facilitators to uptake were explored through 60 in-depth interviews with CGW with indications for PrEP (n=40), and HIV and reproductive healthcare providers (HCPs) (n=20) in Washington, DC, US and Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (DR) in 2021 and 2022  and HCP training on CGW\u2019s PrEP needs.Tailored CGW-centered awareness campaigns and sensitivity training for HCPs related to PrEP options for CGW are needed. Access to LA PrEP for FSW is critical given the disproportionate impact of HIV on this community and their work-related PrEP preferences. Interventions must address social-structural factors among CGW to support equitable PrEP uptake.Aimee A. Metzner, PharmD, AAHIVP, ViiV Healthcare: Full-time employee |ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Alan Oglesby, MPH, GlaxoSmithKline: Employment|GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds Cindy Garris, MS, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Rachel Scott, MD,MPH,FACOG, Gilead Science: Grant/Research Support|ViiV/GSK: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "CAB+RPV LA is the only complete long-acting regimen for treatment of virologically suppressed people with HIV (PWH). Administered monthly or every 2 months by a healthcare provider (HCP), CAB+RPV LA may alleviate challenges associated with daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART). Perspectives of PWH receiving CAB+RPV LA in real-world US healthcare settings are needed.This 2-year prospective, observational study enrolled treatment experienced PWH following the decision to switch to CAB+RPV LA (monthly or every 2 months) across 30 participating US sites. Participants completed baseline (BL) surveys prior to first injection and follow-up surveys at Month 6 (M6). Surveys assessed challenges with daily oral ART, reasons for initiating CAB+RPV LA, HIV treatment satisfaction using the HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (HIVTSQ), preference for daily oral vs. injectable, and benefits of more frequent clinic visits.A total of 308 PWH were enrolled and completed BL surveys (Table 1); 217 PWH had reached the M6 timepoint and completed M6 surveys as of data cut-off (Jan 2023); of the 217 PWH, 8 reported they had discontinued CAB+RPV LA. At BL, 49% respondents reported sometimes, often, or always hiding their prior oral ART for fear of disclosing HIV status. The common primary reasons PWH chose to start CAB+RPV LA were: tired of taking daily oral ART, wanted a more convenient treatment option, and worried about missing a dose (Table 2). At M6, PWH receiving CAB + RPV LA reported a decrease from BL in fear of disclosure, anxiety around adherence, and daily reminder of HIV. At M6, 88% of PWH reported CAB+RPV LA was rarely or never an unwelcome reminder of their HIV status vs. 50% at BL with prior oral ART. Most participants preferred CAB+RPV LA (95%), 2% preferred daily oral ART, and 2% had no preference at M6. Treatment satisfaction increased from BL to M6; most reported multiple additional benefits with more frequent clinic visits (Table 3).Switching to CAB + RPV LA demonstrated improvements in fear of disclosure, anxiety around adherence, and daily reminder of HIV status at M6 . PWH reported a strong preference for CAB+RPV LA, increased treatment satisfaction, and more opportunities to engage with their HIV care.Dima Dandachi, MD, MPH, ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Douglas Cunningham, DO, ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant William M. Valenti, MD, FIDSA, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support John Phoenix, MSN, APRN, FNP-C, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Speaker Bureau|Huntridge Family Clinic: Ownership Interest|Napo Pharmaceuticals: Speaker Bureau|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Speaker Bureau Paula Teichner, PharmD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employment Maria Reynolds, MStat, RTI Health Solutions: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Cindy Garris, MS, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee"}
{"text": "Lenacapavir (LEN) is a highly potent, long-acting, first-in-class inhibitor of HIV-1 capsid protein approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults with multidrug resistance in combination with other antiretrovirals. CALIBRATE is an ongoing phase 2 study in people with HIV-1 (PWH) who are newly initiating treatment. At Week 80 (W80), subcutaneous (SC) and oral LEN, in combination with other antiretrovirals, maintained high rates of virologic suppression. In PWH initiating treatment, weight increases associated with a return to health effect have been observed. This analysis examined weight and metabolic changes to the W80 timepoint.Participants were randomized (2:2:2:1) to 1 of 4 treatment groups (TG). TG1 and TG2 both received SC LEN (927 mg) every 6 months + oral once daily (QD) emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (F/TAF) for 28 weeks, after which virologically suppressed participants continued a 2-drug maintenance regimen: SC LEN (927 mg) with oral QD TAF (TG1) or oral QD bictegravir (BIC) (TG2). TG3 received oral QD LEN + F/TAF, and TG4 received oral QD BIC/F/TAF throughout. The metabolic profile of LEN was assessed from baseline to W28 and after initiating the 2-drug maintenance regimen to W80. Due to the small sample size, no statistical testing was performed.2, respectively. Weight, BMI, and fasting lipid profiles for each treatment group through W80 are presented (Table).182 participants  were randomized and dosed . Baseline median age was 29 years; 15% had baseline viral load >100,000 c/mL. Baseline median weight and body mass index (BMI) were 78.2 kg and 25.8 kg/mIn this phase 2 study of treatment-na\u00efve PWH, treatment regimens that included SC or oral LEN in combination with other antiretroviral agents led to expected weight gain and increase in BMI, consistent with the return to health phenomenon, and were not associated with clinically relevant increases in lipids.Princy N Kumar, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds|Johnson & Johnson: Advisor/Consultant|Johnson & Johnson: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Theratechnologies: Advisor/Consultant|Theratechnologies: Grant/Research Support|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Grant/Research Support|Viiv: Stocks/Bonds Aditya H Gaur, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Grant support/CTA with St. Jude): Grant/Research Support|Janssen (Grant support/CTA with St. Jude): Grant/Research Support|Viiv (Grant support/CTA with St. Jude and Serve on Pediatric Advisory Board): Board Member|Viiv (Grant support/CTA with St. Jude and Serve on Pediatric Advisory Board): Grant/Research Support Anson K Wurapa, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Clinical Trial Investigator Ann M. Khalsa, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Honoraria|Glaxo Smith Kline: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant Cheryl L Newman, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Grant/Research Support|GSK Viiv: Grant/Research Support|GSK Viiv: Honoraria|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support Gary Saunders, BSc, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Shan-Yu Liu, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Hadas Dvory-Sobol, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Martin Rhee, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Samir K. Gupta, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Influenza point of care (POC) testing can support rapid influenza detection and outbreak management in nursing homes (NHs). We hypothesize cost-free on-site access to influenza POC tests increases POC test use and influenza detection. A current study positions us to evaluate this hypothesis.A prospective cohort of U.S. NHs enrolled in a comparative effectiveness trial of baloxavir versus oseltamivir for outbreak management through 2 influenza seasons, 2020-2022 (NCT05012189). We compared study NHs provided with influenza POC tests for use when clinically indicated to non-study facilities participating in weekly National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) reporting for occurrence of influenza outbreaks. For study facilities, we received reports upon influenza detection and directly surveyed them for POC use and influenza incidence. We compared study NHs and other NHSN NHs for reported influenza case rates.We recruited 586 facilities with an average of 89 long-stay residents and 120 Medicare certified beds which reported 185 new influenza activity in 159 facilities. Study test use frequency was reported (N=250), mean use was 28 tests per facility whether or not influenza was detected. Upon influenza detection, 52% of NHs initiated antiviral treatment or chemoprophylaxis on 1 or more residents. Study NHs reported 201 cases with a cumulative incidence of 3.7 cases per 1000 resident days versus 2,124 cases (1.7 per 1000) in non-participating NHs in the same period. Non-participating U.S. NHs had fewer beds (76 long-stay residents), 106 Medicare certified beds and less than half the rate of outbreak detection from study facilities.NHs that participated in our prospective study reported influenza disproportionately more than other NHs reporting to NHSN. We interpret that the availability of easy-to-use and freely accessible rapid POC influenza tests positions NHs to detect better and manage influenza outbreaks. The ease of access to POC on-site tests may play a significant role and become a best practice approach in this positive outcome to improve influenza detection and support early intervention.Yasin Abdul, MD, Genentech: Grant/Research Support Ed Davidson, PharmD, MPH, Genentech: Grant/Research Support Kevin McConeghy, PharmD, Genentech: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi-Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Kaley Hayes, PharmD, PhD, Sanofi Aventis: Grant/Research Support Lisa Han, MPH, Genentech: Grant/Research Support Melissa LaMantia, MA, Genentech: Grant/Research Support Elie Saade, MD, Envision Pharma: Speaker, Presenter|Johnson and Johnson: Speaker, Travel, Lodging|Protein Sciences Corp: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Speaker, Travel, Lodging David Canaday, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Stefan Gravenstein, MD, MPH, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Honoraria|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Honoraria|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTMPD) is a chronic lung infection that is challenging to treat, especially refractory NTMPD. Data are limited on the natural history, risk profile, and burden of refractory NTMPD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the burden of illness (BOI) among patients with NTMPD who later develop refractory NTMPD vs those who do not.This was a retrospective analysis using BRR data. Patients treated for NTMPD were included and stratified as refractory  or nonrefractory. Modified bronchiectasis severity index (mBSI) at baseline visit and BOI including comorbid conditions and surgeries at the treatment visit were compared by cross-sectional analysis between the two groups. Longitudinal analysis of BOI focused on exacerbations and hospitalizations in the refractory group at their pre-refractory visit and refractory visit (first visit meeting the refractory definition).A total of 1,064 patients treated for NTMPD were included: 462 (43.4%) refractory and 602 (56.6%) nonrefractory. During the baseline period, the refractory group had more severe bronchiectasis . At the time of treatment, bronchiectasis was more common in the refractory than nonrefractory (96.2% vs 89.7%) group, as were hemoptysis (26.6% vs 16.3%) and GERD (50.5% vs 39.9%). Except BMI, there were no statistically significant differences between the pre-refractory and nonrefractory treatment visits (Table 2). In the refractory group, exacerbations and hospitalizations remained high from the pre-refractory to refractory visit . Oxygen and bronchial hygiene use increased from the pre-refractory to the refractory visit  consistent with increased management of respiratory conditions when not responding to treatment (Table 2).Refractory NTMPD imposes a high disease burden on patients in the BRR. This high burden was present at pre-refractory visits and through the development of refractory status.Timothy R. Aksamit, MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Baxter International, Hill-Rom: Advisor/Consultant|Insmed Incorporated: Advisor/Consultant|Johnson & Johnson: Advisor/Consultant|Redhill Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|RespirTech: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Zambon: Advisor/Consultant David M. Mannino, MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|Up to Date: Advisor/Consultant Ping Wang, PhD, Insmed Incorporated: Salary|Insmed Incorporated: Stocks/Bonds Mariam Hassan, PhD, B. Pharm, Insmed Incorporated: Salary|Insmed Incorporated: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Social vulnerability impacts the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (SCV2) among household contacts. Understanding these correlates can inform interventions to prevent infection among close contacts. We examined whether the social vulnerability index (SVI), a composite measure of socioeconomic status, household characteristics, racial and ethnic minority status, and housing type and transportation, is associated with the risk of SCV2 infection among household contacts.Overall Social Vulnerability Index DiagramWe used data from a multi-site, prospective, case-ascertained household transmission study with daily nasal swabs for 10 days and RT-PCR testing to detect SCV2 infections in household contacts. Age and gender were self-reported and vaccination status was self-reported and verified. We mapped households to 2020 census tracts and the 2020 SVI . We examined the association between census tract-level SVI (in quartiles) and the risk of infection among household contacts using Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations, accounting for household clustering.Inclusion criteria for analysis in this study.Inclusion criteria for analysis in this study.Among 1,171 household contacts from 719 households, 67.4% developed SCV2 infection. After adjusting for the age of the contact and study site, contacts living in the most vulnerable SVI quartiles, Q3  and Q4 , had higher rates of infection compared to those living in the least vulnerable quartile (Q1) at the census tract level. To describe the effect of SVI accounting for vaccination, we performed a second regression adjusting for vaccine receipt among participants. We found that Q3  still had higher rates of infection compared to those living in the least vulnerable quartile (Q1). Q4 was directionally consistent but confidence bounds crossed 1 .Household contacts from census tracts with greater social vulnerability at the census tract level had a greater risk of SCV2 infection. These risks held even after accounting for vaccine receipt among participants. Future public health interventions should focus on reducing infection and transmission among individuals living in areas with higher social vulnerability beyond vaccination coverage.Carlos G. Grijalva, MD, MPH, AHRQ: Grant/Research Support|CDC: Grant/Research Support|FDA: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Syneos Health: Grant/Research Support Suchitra Rao, MBBS, MSCS, Sequiris: Advisor/Consultant Edwin J. Asturias, MD, Hillevax: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Huong McLean, PhD, MPH, Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Edward Belongia, MD, Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Site Investigator, DSMB member"}
{"text": "Provisional US data indicated that enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) circulated during summer 2022. However, in contrast to 2018 (a previous high circulation year), EV-D68 circulation in 2022 was associated with unusual increases in asthma-specific healthcare visits and a lack of concomitant increases in acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). To explore these distinctions by year, we characterized respiratory EV-D68 circulation in 2022 and compared patient characteristics in 2022 to 2018.We enrolled children aged < 18 years with acute respiratory illness (ARI) seeking care in an emergency department (ED) or as an inpatient (IP) across 7 US medical centers in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN). Data sources included parent interview, medical chart review, and collection of a respiratory swab for molecular virus testing. Swabs were tested for EV-D68 from Jul\u2013Nov 2017\u20132020, and year-round from Jul 2021. A convenience sample of EV-D68-positive swabs was sequenced. We assessed monthly EV-D68 percent positivity among children with ARI. We examined demographics, underlying conditions, and severity markers among children with EV-D68 in 2018 and 2022, by care setting (ED vs IP) and used 0.05 as a threshold of statistical significance.Figure). All viruses sequenced in 2018 and 2022 were lineage B3. Compared to 2018, IPs with EV-D68 in 2022 less frequently reported any underlying medical condition or a history of asthma, yet more frequently required supplemental oxygen or intubation (Table). Supplemental oxygen use was also more common among ED patients in 2022 than 2018 . Asthma exacerbation was a common primary discharge diagnosis among IPs but was less common in 2022 than 2018 .Between 2017\u20132022, there were 994 ED and IP EV-D68 detections at NVSN sites, with distinct peaks during the Jul-Nov testing periods in 2018 and 2022 , FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: donation of kits|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: vaccine support Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Grant/Research Support Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD, Merck & Co: Honoraria Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Leishmania infantum is endemic in Afghanistan, although its distribution is poorly characterized. The spectrum of VL ranges from asymptomatic to active VL with symptoms of fever, weight loss, organomegaly, and pancytopenia. Most symptomatic patients die without treatment; asymptomatic patients remain at risk lifelong for symptomatic reactivation\u2014especially if immunosuppressed. Travelers returning from VL endemic areas may harbor latent infection years after their return. We aimed to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic VL (AVL) in US military personnel previously deployed to Afghanistan.Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a chronic protozoal disease caused from the bite of an infected sand fly. VL due to LeishmaniaHealthy adult US military personnel who deployed to Afghanistan over summer months were recruited from the Washington DC area. 90 volunteers completed a risk factor survey, blood draw, and had completed results. Diagnostic testing utilized ELISA, interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Statistical analyses included Fisher exact test, Pearson \u03c72 test, Welch Two Sample t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test. IRB approval was obtained.The prevalence of AVL  in the volunteers was 9/90 (10%). Two (2.2%) PCR, 7 (7.8%) ELISA, and no (0%) IGRA samples were positive. AVL+ participants were a median of 10.6 years (range 8 - 18.6) post Afghanistan deployment, and compared to AVL- volunteers, were older  and more likely to self-identify as African-American (n = 5 (56%) vs 16 (20%), p = 0.029). No risk factors for AVL were identified in exploratory analysis of the volunteers\u2019 military roles, types of outdoor exposure, or deployment location within Afghanistan.In this preliminary cross-sectional analysis of US military personnel who returned from Afghanistan, the prevalence of AVL was 10%\u2013comparable to other published studies on the prevalence of AVL in endemic areas and of concern when one considers the several million US military personnel previously deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. Due to the persistence of this intracellular infection, clinicians should be alerted for reactivation potential in previously deployed Servicemembers.Naomi E. Aronson, MD, british medical journal: Honoraria|British Medical Journal: honoraria for writing chapter for Best Evidence|Elsevier: royallties serve as textbook editor|Elsevier: Royalties as text editor|UpTo Date: royalties for writing chapters|UpToDate: royalties for writing chapters|Wellcome Foundation: Honoraria|Wellcome Foundation: program advisory board|Wellcome Trust: Honoraria|Wellcome Trust: program advisory board Naomi E. Aronson, MD, british medical journal: Honoraria|British Medical Journal: honoraria for writing chapter for Best Evidence|Elsevier: royallties serve as textbook editor|Elsevier: Royalties as text editor|UpTo Date: royalties for writing chapters|UpToDate: royalties for writing chapters|Wellcome Foundation: Honoraria|Wellcome Foundation: program advisory board|Wellcome Trust: Honoraria|Wellcome Trust: program advisory board"}
{"text": "Escherichia coli is a common Gram-negative bacterium that can infect normally sterile body sites and cause invasive E. coli disease (IED) including bacteremia, sepsis and septic shock. E. coli surface O-antigens are important virulence factors that contribute to pathogenicity, making them promising targets for the development of multivalent conjugate vaccines to protect against IED. Here, we describe the prevalence of O-serotypes and O-genotypes of clinical E. coli isolates across a multinational cohort of patients with IED.E. coli presence in cultures from any normally sterile body site or urine in patients exhibiting clinical criteria of invasive disease  and no other identifiable site of infection. O-serotyping (agglutination) and O-genotyping (whole genome sequencing [WGS]) were conducted. Subgroup analyses were performed in isolates from patients with bacteremic vs nonbacteremic IED and in patients \u226560 years old.This was a retrospective, multicenter, noninterventional study across 17 tertiary care hospitals in Europe, North America and Asia. Patients with an IED diagnosis in the 12 months prior to data collection were included. IED was defined as Table 1). Collectively, these 6 most prevalent serotypes accounted for 55.0% of total isolates. A similar pattern of O-serotypes was observed in the subgroup of patients \u226560 years old (Table 2), with serotypes O25, O2 and O6 most common in both bacteremic and nonbacteremic IED isolates.902 patients with IED were identified . The most common O-serotypes  based on O-genotyping were O25 , O2 , O6 , O1 , O15  and O75  : Grant/Research Support|Bionorica: Honoraria|Bionorica: Meeting/travel support, study participation|Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung (DZIF): Study participation|Enteris BioPharma: Study participation|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|German S3 guideline Urinary tract infections: Board Member|Glaxo Smith Kline: Advisor/Consultant|Glaxo Smith Kline: Honoraria|Glaxo Smith Kline: Consulting fees, meeting/travel support, advisory board member, principal investigator in a GSK-sponsored study|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|Guidelines European Association of Urology: Infections in Urology: Board Member|Helperby Therapeutics: Study participation|Janssen: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisory Board member|Klosterfrau: Honoraria|LeoPharma: Advisory Board member|MerLion: Advisory Board member|MIP Pharma: Honoraria|MSD: Advisory Board member|OM Pharma/Vifor Pharma: Advisory Board member, study participation|OM-Pharma: Honoraria|Pfizer: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisory Board member|RosenPharma: Advisory Board member|Shionogi: Advisory Board member, study participation|Speaker research group German research foundation (DFG) Bacterial Renal Infections and Defense (FOR 5427): Study participation|Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Therapeutics: Consulting fees|University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, and Justus Liebig University, Germany: Employee|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consulting fees, Advisory Board member Tetsuya Matsumoto, MD; PhD, member of the international study steering committee for the E.mbrace study and reports payment: Board Member Marc Bonten, MD, PhD, chair of the international study steering committee for the E.mbrace study (Janssen Vaccines), with payments made to UMC Utrecht: Board Member Michal Sarnecki, MD, Janssen: Employee|Janssen: Stocks/Bonds Jan Poolman, PhD, Janssen: Employee|Janssen: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a leading cause of carbapenem-resistant, Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI).S. maltophilia BSI between 1/1/2015 through 12/31/2020 with available antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) as reported by the local clinical microbiology laboratories were included. Data extracted from the electronic medical record and collected in a central database. Acute critical illness was measured through the Pitt Bacteremia Score, and chronic comorbidities through the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) outcomes were determined as shown.A retrospective, observational study was conducted at four centers in Italy and the United States. Patients who were treated for Table.DOOR OutcomesMedian age of 143 patients was 54 years (IQR 40-65 years), and 77/143 (54%) were women. The median Charlson Comorbidity Index and Pitt bacteremia score were 3 (IQR 2-5), and 1 (IQR 0-2). At time of culture, 22/143 (15%) patients were in the intensive care unit, and 15/143 (10%) patients were on mechanical ventilation. Of tested isolates, 4/142 (3%), 0/53 (0%), 17/140 (12%) were non-susceptible to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, minocycline, and levofloxacin, respectively. In the first 14 days after culture, 68/143 (48%) received at least 2 different antibiotics either together or sequentially. Levofloxacin , trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole , and tetracyclines  were most used. Novel treatment approaches were less commonly employed; cefiderocol in 5/143 (3%), and ceftazidime-avibactam & aztreonam in 6/143 (4%) of patients. Overall mortality at 30 days was 29/143 (20%); 30-day mortality was 8/17 (47%) in patients with fluoroquinolone-non-susceptible isolates, vs. 20/123 (16%) in patients with fluoroquinolone-susceptible isolates (p< 0.01). DOOR distribution of outcomes is shown in Figure 1. A randomly selected patient with a fluoroquinolone -susceptible isolate had a 74%  likelihood of a better outcome as compared to a randomly selected patient with a fluoroquinolone-non-susceptible isolate.S. maltophilia BSI is associated with poor outcomes and high mortality, especially in patients with fluoroquinolone-non-susceptible isolates.Giusy Tiseo, MD, Shionogi: Honoraria Robert A. Bonomo, MD, Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|venatorax: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt: Grant/Research Support Marco Falcone, MD, PhD, Gilead: Board Member|Gilead: Honoraria|Menarini: Board Member|Menarini: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Honoraria|MSD: Board Member|MSD: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|Nordic Pharma: Honoraria|Pfizer: Board Member|Pfizer: Honoraria|Shionogi: Honoraria David van Duin, MD, PhD, Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria|Qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Union: Advisor/Consultant|Utility: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Beta-lactam allergy (BLA) is associated with increased broad-spectrum antibiotic (Br-ABX) use, worse clinical outcomes, and higher costs. Our hospital-wide BLA protocol (BLA-P) was launched in 7/2021 with following categories: intolerance, low-risk , and high-risk . Delabeling was done directly based on antibiotic history/interview alone (direct-delabeling), or via graded challenge for low-risk patients. We evaluated the delabeling rate and its impact on Br-ABX usage.Hospitalized patients \u2265 18 years old with listed BLA during 10/2021-12/2022 were eligible. Exclusion criteria were critically ill, surgical, hospice or comfort care, or non-verbal patients. Assessment was counted each time a pharmacist evaluated BLA; multiple assessments could occur in case of prolonged hospital stay or multiple admissions. Interventions were categorized as no further action , updated allergy label, or delabeled. Missed assessments were reported due to logistical issues. Br-ABX usage was compared in the delabeled patients: the empiric antibiotic use 90 days post-intervention versus pre-intervention using McNemar test (SPSS).A total of 700 assessments in 631 unique patients with BLA were identified . 556 assessments in 489 unique patients  met inclusion criteria. In this cohort, the assessments revealed 8% intolerance, 54% low-risk, 17% high-risk and 21% unknown allergy. Interventions resulted in no further action 7%, updated label 72%, and delabeling 21%. 65% of the delabeling was done via direct-delabeling and 35% via graded challenge . Passing rate with graded challenge was 97%. The use of aztreonam and meropenem decreased significantly in delabeled patients compared to pre-delabeling while cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam usage increased (Table 1).Implementation of BLA-P led to 21% delabeling, which resulted in increased use of preferred Br-ABX and a significant decrease in meropenem and aztreonam use.Sanjeet S. Dadwal, MD, FACP, FIDSA, Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Allovir: Grant/Research Support|Ansun Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Aseptiscope, Inc: Stocks/Bonds|Astellas: Honoraria|Karius: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer/Amplyx: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Honoraria|Viracor: Honoraria Randy Taplitz, MD, Karius: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|SNIPR biome: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common viral pathogen identified in older adults with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Data describing the durability of immune responses to RSV are limited but suggest responses may be short-lived. In this study, we assessed longitudinal antibody responses following RSV-associated hospitalization for 3 years.Between September 2018 and March 2020, adults \u2265 50 years of age hospitalized with ARI at two Emory University hospitals who had a positive RSV test via PCR were enrolled. A nasopharyngeal swab, oropharyngeal swab, and 10mL blood were collected at enrollment (V1), 30 days after enrollment (V2), and in the 4 weeks prior to the start of the influenza season(s) for three years after enrollment . Syndrome-positive, RSV-negative controls were also enrolled. Serum samples were analyzed for RSV A/B lysate antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and end-point titers were interpolated to a standard curve. Geometric mean titers (GMTs) were calculated, and statistical comparisons of log-transformed titers were performed using a mixed effects model in GraphPad Prism v9.0.Of the 30 enrolled participants who completed follow-up, there were 20 RSV-positive cases and 10 controls (Table 1). Of these, 22 (73%) were female, 22 (73%) Black, and 30 (100%) non-Hispanic ethnicity. Baseline demographics were similar in cases and controls. However, being immunocompromised was more common in cases, and heart disease was more common in controls. Peak antibody titers were observed in cases at V2 , and these declined non-significantly prior to the start of the next RSV season  . Titers then declined significantly 2 years  and 3 years  after infection. RSV IgG GMTs were not significantly different between cases and controls at any time point. Results were similar when immunocompromised participants were excluded from the analysis.RSV antibody responses peaked in early convalescence and persisted for 3 years after RSV-associated hospitalization. Antibody titers were similarly elevated in cases and controls, indicating the durability of RSV antibodies in older adults.Elizabeth Begier, M.D, M.P.H., Pfizer: EB is an employee of Pfizer, the sponsor of this study|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Qing Liu, M.S., Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Bradford J. Gessner, M.D, M.P.H., Pfizer: I am an employee of Pfizer|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Benjamin Lopman, PhD, Epidemiological Research and Methods, LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Hillevax, Inc: Advisor/Consultant Nadine Rouphael, MD, Icon, EMMES, Sanofi, Seqirus, Moderna: Advisor/Consultant Satoshi Kamidani, MD, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Emergent BioSolutions: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc: Grant/Research Support Evan J. Anderson, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc.: Safety Monitoring Board|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Currently an employee|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Safety Monitoring Board|WCG/ACI Clinical: Data Adjudication Board Christina A. Rostad, MD, BioFire Inc.: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|MedImmune LLC: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: RSV vaccine technology|Merck & Co., Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Micron Technology, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|PaxVax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "A new formulation of oritavancin (ORI) was developed and approved by the US FDA to be infused over 1 hour for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection (ABSSSI).Staphylococcus aureus (SA), \u03b2-hemolytic streptococci (BHS), and Viridans group Streptococcus (VGS) causing SSSI in US medical centers in 2022 and 2017\u20132019 was compared.The activity of ORI and comparators against 6,110 SSSI pathogens, including 705/4,550 SA from 2022/2017\u20132019, 158/613 BHS, and 27/57 VHS isolates, respectively, were collected (1/patient) from 33 US medical centers. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and susceptibility (S) tested by CLSI broth microdilution. CLSI clinical breakpoints (BP) were applied.50/90, 0.015/0.03 mg/L) was similar to 2017\u20132019 . The MRSA rate (36.2%) was slightly lower in 2022 than previous years (41.3%), but the ORI S rate remained 100% in 2022. Vancomycin (VAN), daptomycin (DAP), and linezolid (LZD) also remained active (\u2265 99.9% S) against SA and MRSA from both periods. Equivalent activity was observed for ORI against the BHS group between 2022  and 2017\u20132019 , but variation among species was noted. All S. agalactiae were inhibited by ORI at \u2264 0.25 mg/L in 2022 while 5 isolates showed ORI MIC values \u2265 0.5 mg/L in 2017\u20132019 (97.2%S). 2 and 10 S. pyogenes displayed ORI MICs \u2265 0.5 mg/L in 2022 (97.3%) and 2017\u20132019 (97.4%S), respectively. ORI MICs \u2265 0.5 mg/L were noted for 7/19 and 5/47 S. dysgalactiae in 2022 (63.2%S) and 2017\u20132019 (89.4%), respectively. Penicillin (PEN), VAN, DAP, and LZD inhibited all BHS isolates at their respective BP, regardless of the period or BHS species. All VGS were inhibited by ORI, VAN, DAP, LZD, and PEN in 2022 and 2017\u20132019, except for 1 Streptococcus salivarius group in 2022 .ORI activity against SA from 2022 (MICS. dysgalactiae showed the largest changes in %S between periods but isolate numbers were low.ORI data from 2022 showed similar activity to 2017\u20132019 for SA, including MRSA, BHS, and VGS isolates causing SSSI in US medical centers. VAN, DAP, and LZD also exhibited stable activity against these pathogens over time. Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Dee Shortridge, PhD, Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Coccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection with a range of clinical manifestations. Currently used antifungal agents exhibit variable efficacy and toxicity profiles necessitating evaluation of additional therapeutic options.Patients with coccidioidomycosis who received Isavuconazole were identified by cross-indexing ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes from patients and data abstracted. Responses to Isavuconazole therapy were measured using a modified Mycoses Study Group Coccidioidomycosis Scoring system as described previously.82 patients met the criteria for inclusion. Over half of the patient exhibited pulmonary involvement 45/82 (55%), although meningitis 32/82 (39%), bone and joint disease 14/82 (17%) and skin/soft tissue infection 7/82 (9%) were also seen. The majority of patients experienced a decrease in their MSG score following initiation of Isavuconazole therapy . Overall improvement was noted in 58/82 (71%) patients, while no change was observed in 19/82 (23%) and 5/82 (6%) who were unresponsive to antifungal changes.Isavuconazole demonstrated efficacy in the majority of patients treated, with failures observed only in a subgroup of patients with coccidioidal meningitis.Rupam Sharma, PGY-1/MD, Astellas: Grant/Research Support George R. Thompson, III, MD, Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Mayne: Advisor/Consultant|Mayne: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Mundipharma: Advisor/Consultant|Mundipharma: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "C. glabrata (CGLA). Echinocandins (ECHs) are often used as first-line therapy. R to ECHs has been associated with FKS1 and FKS2 gene alterations. Rezafungin (RZF), a new ECH approved by the US FDA to treat candidemia and invasive candidiasis, was evaluated against a collection of ECH\u2013non-wild type (NWT) CGLA isolates.Fluconazole (FLC) resistance (R) is common in n=459; 20 centers), Europe , Asia-Pacific , and Latin America  were identified by MALDI-TOF and/or sequencing and tested by CLSI broth microdilution. CLSI breakpoints (BP) and epidemiological cut-off values were applied. ECH NWT isolates were submitted to FKS analysis by whole genome sequencing.A total of 1045 CGLA collected (1/patient) in 2014\u20132021 from 58 medical centers located in North America . RZF was active against >50% of these isolates. RFZ was also active against >90% of ECH-NWT CGLA carrying wildtype FKS genes. Equivalent activity was noted to other ECHs against ECH-NWT isolates. However, ECHs were 4 to 8-fold more active against ECH-NWT CGLA that did not display alterations in FKS genes than those with FKS alterations. FKS2 hot spot(HS)-1 alterations were observed in 22 isolates (12 displayed S663F), while FKS1-HS1 alterations were noted in 9 isolates (7 displayed S629P). FLC-R was observed in 6.9% of CGLA overall and 16.7% of the ECH-NWT isolates.RZF showed similar activity to other ECHs against CGLA (Table), inhibiting 98.5% at \u22640.5 mg/L. Anidulafungin (ANF), caspofungin (CSF), and micafungin (MCF) susceptibility (S) rates were 96.2%, 97.5%, and 97.3%, respectively. ECH-NWT CGLA were detected in 42 isolates : NA showed the highest rate of ECH NWT isolates , followed by EU , AP , and LA . The RZF S rate was 61.9% of ECH-NWT CGLA, while the S rate to ANF, CSF, and MCF was 21.4%, 40.5%, and 33.3%, respectively. Alteration in in vitro activity against CGLA and remained active against most isolates of CGLA displaying an ECH-NWT phenotype with or without FKS alterations.RZF demonstrated potent Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Paul Rhomberg, BS, MT(ASCP), bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Abby Klauer, BS, Melinta: Grant/Research Support Lalitagauri M. Deshpande, PhD, Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Aspergillus fumigatus (AFM) is a growing concern, mainly caused by mutations within CYP51 genes. The activity of ISC and other azoles against AFM causing IA worldwide was evaluated by applying the new CLSI ISC clinical breakpoints (BP).Isavuconazole (ISC) was approved by the US FDA and is considered first-line therapy for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis (IA). Azole resistance in n=282; 18 centers), Europe , Asia-Pacific , and Latin America  were identified by MALDI-TOF MS and/or sequencing and tested by CLSI broth microdilution. CLSI BP and epidemiological cut-off values were applied where available. Isolates displaying a non-wildtype (NWT) phenotype to at least 1 azole were submitted to CYP51 analysis by whole genome sequencing.A total of 846 AFM collected (1/patient) in 2017\u20132021 from 44 medical centers located in North America  showed similar activity to other azoles against AFM (Table), inhibiting 93.4% at \u2264 1 mg/L (CLSI-approved susceptible [S] BP). Voriconazole , itraconazole , and posaconazole  inhibited 91.6%, 92.0%, and 97.2% at their respective S or wildtype criteria. The AZ-NWT phenotype was detected in 88 AFM (10.4%); NA showed the highest frequency of AZ-NWT isolates , followed by EU  and AP . No AZ-NWT AFM was noted in LA. Azole activity varied against AZ-NWT isolates with and without CYP51 alterations. Applying CLSI BPs, 43.9% of the AZ-NWT AFM without CYP51 alteration remained S to ISC and 73.2% were S to VRC. ISC and VRC inhibited 46.7% and 43.3%, respectively, of AZ-NWT AFM isolates displaying CYP51 alterations other than L98H/TR34 at the respective BP. AFM isolates carrying L98H/TR34 (17 occurrences) in the CYP51A sequence displayed elevated MIC ranges for all azoles: ISC, 2\u2013 > 8 mg/L; VRC, 1\u2013 > 8 mg/L; ITC, 2\u2013 > 8 mg/L; and PSC, 0.5\u20134 mg/L.Overall, ISC , bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Abby L. Klauer, BS, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Beth Hatch, BA MT(ASCP), Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "COVID-19 vaccines reduce the risk of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it is unclear the extent to which vaccines or prior infection reduce the risk of infection in high transmission settings like households.We screened individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (index cases) recruited at 7 sentinel testing sites and through a nationwide effort during Sep 2021\u2013Apr 2023. Index cases and their households (HH) were enrolled \u22646 days after the index case\u2019s illness onset. Household contacts (HHC) had daily self-collected nasal swabs or saliva samples tested by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. We determined COVID-19 vaccination status by plausible self-report (with date) or vaccination records, and prior SARS-CoV-2 infection by self-reported prior positive test (with year) or anti-nucleocapsid antibodies assessed at enrollment. We considered HHC with prior COVID-19 and \u22652 COVID-19 vaccine doses as having \u201chybrid immunity\u201d, and assessed the effects of \u22652 vaccine doses, prior COVID-19, or hybrid immunity on the risk of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection among HHC by GEE Poisson regression adjusted for age of the HHC, recruitment strategy, household density (ppl/bedroom), and enrollment month.We included 1,324 HHC ; 73% enrolled May\u2013Nov 2022, when Omicron BA.4/5 predominated; 28% were aged < 18 years (Table 1). Most (89%) had some immunity to COVID-19: 54% from vaccination only, 7% from infection only, and 26% from hybrid immunity. Most HHC without immunity to SARS-CoV-2 were children (64%). Of HHCs, 61% became SARS-CoV-2 positive during follow-up. In a model that accounted for all sources of immunity (figure 2), prior vaccination or prior infection alone did not provide significant protection, only HHC with hybrid immunity had significantly reduced risk of infection . The risk of infection was lowest (43%) when the HHC\u2019s last immunizing event (vaccination or infection) occurred \u22646 months before the index case\u2019s illness onset.Eligibility and inclusion of HH contacts in analysis of COVID-19 transmissionFigure 1Table 1Demographic characteristics of HH contacts by COVID-19 vaccination or prior COVID-19Figure 2Adjusted relative risk of infection among HH contacts by COVID-19 vaccination or prior COVID-19The risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HHCs continues to be high. While vaccination alone was not effective at preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection, HHCs with hybrid immunity from recent vaccination or prior infection had the lowest risk of infection.Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Site Investigator, DSMB member Huong McLean, PhD, MPH, Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Suchitra Rao, MBBS, MSCS, Sequiris: Advisor/Consultant Joshua Petrie, PhD, CSL Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Edwin J. Asturias, MD, Hillevax: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Edward Belongia, MD, Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Carlos G. Grijalva, MD, MPH, AHRQ: Grant/Research Support|CDC: Grant/Research Support|FDA: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Syneos Health: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (CRABC) is recognized as an urgent/critical antimicrobial resistant threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and World Health Organization. The development of new antibiotics targeting CRABC is an urgent unmet medical need that Roche is tackling through development of a novel antimicrobial compound . A significant challenge for the planned pathogen-focused clinical trial is the need to rapidly identify eligible patients with CRABC infections. Here, we describe a prototype assay for the rapid detection of CRABC causing HAP/VAP or bloodstream infections (BSI).Carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii- calcoaceticus complex (ABC) organisms harboring the most prevalent associated carbapenemases genes . This work entailed the assay design and optimization for use on the automated, high-throughput (HTP) cobas\u00ae 5800/6800/8800 Systems, including primers/probes, sample processing, and result interpretation for three sample types . The assay utilizes the commercially available cobas omni Utility Channel Kit, a defined oligo pool, controls, and an off-instrument analysis package. Assay inclusivity, exclusivity, limit of detection (LoD), and specificity were evaluated using archived or contrived clinical specimens.This prototype assay was developed for the qualitative detection of in silico and wet lab testing. Using preliminary interpretive cutoffs, high specificity (100%) was observed with negative clinical samples  and LoDs of 5280 (95% CI: 4010-9166), 6180 (95% CI: 4548-11285) and 1250 CFU/mL (95% CI: 1050-1750) were observed for BAL, sputum and positive blood culture, respectively.The CRABC prototype assay had 100% inclusivity for ABC and claimed resistance markers and 100% exclusivity for other bacteria commonly found in respiratory or positive blood culture samples based on cobas\u00ae 5800/6800/8800 Systems could be adopted to rapidly identify patients with CRABC-associated HAP/VAP or BSI for enrollment in a pathogen-focused clinical trial.This CRABC prototype assay for use on the automated, HTP Natacha Martins Sorenson, PhD, Roche: Grant/Research Support Hai Nguyen, n/a, Roche: Grant/Research Support Arrash Moghaddasi, n/a, Roche: Grant/Research Support Aishwarya Sathish, n/a, Roche: Grant/Research Support Indira Somanathan, n/a, Roche: Grant/Research Support Letong Jia, n/a, Roche: Grant/Research Support Patrick Lin, n/a, Roche: Grant/Research Support Xun Zhuang, PhD, Roche: Grant/Research Support Colin Lam, n/a, Roche: Grant/Research Support Brian Lee, MD, GE Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds|Invitae: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Stocks/Bonds|OPKO Health: Stocks/Bonds|Roche Diagnostics: Employment|Roche Diagnostics: Stocks/Bonds|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Kyle C. Cady, PhD, Roche: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "While BPR does not have clinically relevant activity against Enterococcus faecium, BPR is active against E. faecalis, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen of increasing clinical relevance and a significant cause of infective endocarditis. This study evaluated the activity of BPR and comparator agents against E. faecalis isolated from patients hospitalized in US medical centers.Ceftobiprole (BPR) is an advanced-generation cephalosporin that has E. faecalis isolated from 34 US medical centers (2016\u20132020) were included. Isolates collected were responsible for bloodstream infections (40.8%), urinary tract infections (23.4%), skin and skin structure infections (22.0%), and other infection types (13.9%), including bone and joint infections , diabetic foot infections , and endocarditis . Isolates were tested for susceptibility using the CLSI broth microdilution method and MIC interpretations followed CLSI criteria. For BPR, the PK/PD non\u2013species-related breakpoint of \u22644 mg/L was used.A total of 1,834 E. faecalis at \u22644 mg/L, whereas the comparator agents, ampicillin (AMP), daptomycin (DAP), linezolid (LZD), and vancomycin (VAN), inhibited between 97.0% to 100% of all isolates at their respective breakpoints. A total of 3% of all E. faecalis isolates were VAN resistant. BPR had similar MIC90 results of 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L when tested against VAN-susceptible and -resistant isolates, respectively. AMP, DAP, and LZD were also active against VAN-susceptible and -resistant E. faecalis. All (100%) isolates causing difficult-to-treat infections, such as bone/joint and diabetic foot infections and infective endocarditis, were inhibited by BPR at \u22644 mg/L in addition to AMP, DAP, and LZD at their respective breakpoints.BPR inhibited 99.3% of all E. faecalis in US hospitals, including isolates causing difficult-to-treat infections.These data suggest that BPR represents a potential option for empirical and guided treatment of infections caused by Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Leonard R. Duncan, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Jennifer Smart, PhD, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds Mark E. Jones, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Patients with cancer are at increased risk for severe and lethal COVID-19, compared to the general population. Currently, with no anti-spike monoclonal antibodies available against circulating variants of SARS-CoV-2, the logistic limitations of outpatient remdesivir infusions, and lack of efficacy of molnupiravir in vaccinated patients, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid\u2122) is the only effective oral therapy for outpatient use against COVID-19. However, its efficacy specifically in immunocompromised patients, including patients with cancer, has not been adequately studied.In this pilot analysis, we retrospectively studied the records of patients with history of or active cancer at Brown University-affiliated hospitals diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 after Emergency Use Authorization  of Paxlovid\u2122, and until 2022-07-21. Patients not meeting EUA criteria or receiving other outpatient antivirals were excluded . The primary outcome was 90-day COVID-19-attributed mortality, with 90-day all-cause mortality and hospitalization as secondary outcomes. Patients who died within 90 days from other causes were excluded from COVID-19-attributed mortality analyses.Figure 1.Flow diagram illustrating patient selection.33 of 85 eligible patients were excluded . Of the 52 remaining, 26 received Paxlovid\u2122. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were well-balanced between the two groups (Table 1). 50% were male, one was Black, five were Hispanic (10%); median age was 68 (interquartile range [IQR] 56-77) years; most patients (61.5%) had received 3 or more vaccine doses prior to infection. Paxlovid\u2122 use was associated with numerically lower all-cause mortality rate (8% vs. 23%), and significantly lower rates of 90-day COVID-19-attributed mortality , and hospitalization .Table 1.Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes.Figure 2.Kaplan-Meier survival curves.Paxlovid\u2122 use was associated with a strong signal for improved clinical outcomes among patients with cancer and COVID-19, compared to similar contemporary controls, most of whom were fully vaccinated. Larger studies of Paxlovid\u2122 use and efficacy in high-risk patients with cancer and other immunocompromised individuals are needed and ongoing.Panos Arvanitis, MS, NIH: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Brown University Summer Assistantship program and from the Brown Emerging Infectious Disease Scholars (EIDS) (5R25AI140490) Jeremy L. Warner, MD, MS, AACR: Grant/Research Support|Flatiron Health: Grant/Research Support|Melax Tech: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Westat: Advisor/Consultant Dimitrios Farmakiotis, M.D., Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Advisor/Consultant|Viracor: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Nirsevimab is an extended half-life monoclonal antibody (mAb) newly authorized for the prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract disease in infants born during or entering their first RSV season, and in children up to 24 months of age who remain vulnerable to severe disease through their second season. Anti-RSV mAbs are currently assessed based on their direct virus neutralization activity in the absence of a well-established correlate of protection. We explored trends in anti-RSV neutralizing antibody (nAb) levels in participants dosed with nirsevimab, or palivizumab, the standard of care during the MEDLEY trial (NCT03959488).. Participants provided blood samples at baseline and during site visits on Day (D) 31, 151, and 361 of their respective seasons. nAb levels were determined using a fluorescent focus-based microneutralization assay. Pharmacokinetic (PK) modeling was used to predict peak and trough palivizumab nAb levels.nAb levels following dosing with nirsevimab or palivizumab were evaluated in infants born preterm (for season [S] 1) or with chronic lung disease or congenital heart disease (CLD/CHD) across two RSV seasons (S1/2) Fig 2. As expected, nAb levels in S1-nirsevimab recipients were highest in samples collected during the first visit, D31, and declined over S1, but were still > 16-fold above baseline at D361 . nAb levels in S1-palivizumab recipients increased incrementally and were highest in samples obtained at the D151 visit. nAb levels at D151 were \u223c10-fold higher with S1-nirsevimab compared with S1-palivizumab. S1 D361 (baseline S2) nAb levels among participants who received palivizumab in S1 fell towards the assay\u2019s lower limit of detection . Overall patterns in nAb levels in S2 were similar to those in S1. S1-palivizumab/S2-palivizumab recipients had \u223c10-fold lower levels of nAbs over the S2 PK model-predicted time course to D151 compared with participants receiving S2-nirsevimab.The dynamics of nAb levels during the trial are depicted in Nirsevimab is associated with \u223c10-fold higher and sustained levels of nAbs through 1 year post dose compared with palivizumab, suggesting nirsevimab may offer protection for a period beyond a typical 150-day RSV season.Deidre Wilkins, BSC, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Ulrika W\u00e4hlby Hamr\u00e9n, PhD, AstraZeneca: Patent holder re. dosing|AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Yue Chang, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Joseph B. Domachowske, MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support Janet A. Englund, MD, AbbVie: Advisor/Consultant|Ark Biopharmaceutical: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Meissa Vaccines: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant William J. Muller, MD, Ansun Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|DiaSorin Molecular LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Eli Lilly and Company: Grant/Research Support|Enanta Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|F. Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|Finley Law Firm, P.C.: Expert Testimony|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Invivyd: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen Biotech: Grant/Research Support|Karius, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics plc: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support Amanda Leach, MD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Tonya L. Villafana, PhD, MPH, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Elizabeth J. Kelly, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "COVID-19 has been associated with a very high mortality in patients having received CAR T cell treatment for hematological malignancies. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the outcome has improved over time.This is a retrospective analysis of prospective data collected into the EBMT registry regarding risk factors, clinical features, and outcome of patients having received CAR T cell therapy for hematological malignances diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 2020 and December 2022. SARS-CoV-2 was diagnosed by PCR and from January 2021 also antigen tests were accepted. All patients gave informed consent to data collection. The study was approved by the Swedish National Ethical Review Board and by local IRBs as required.182 patients were included in the analysis; 39 diagnosed in 2020, 35 in 2021, and 108 were diagnosed in 2022. 152 patients were treated for B-cell lymphoma, 19 for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and 11 for plasma-cell disorders. The median age at COVID-19 diagnosis was 58.7 ys (7.2 - 78.4). The median time from CAR T cell infusion to COVID-19 diagnosis was 7.0 months (1.0 - 42.5). 28% of the patients had lower respiratory tract disease at diagnosis. 27 (25.8%) of patients had received three or more vaccine doses and only 2.2% had received pre-exposure tix/cil. 45.1% required hospitalization, 33.4% required oxygen, and 17% was admitted to ICU. COVID-19 attributable mortality over the entire period was 18.1% with significant improvement over time .Survival after COVID-19 diagnosisAlthough the COVID-19 attributable mortality has decreased over time, it remains several times higher than what can be expected in an healthy population of comparable age. Therefore, preventive measures need to be maintained for this vulnerable patient group..Per Ljungman, MD; PhD, AlloVir: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|Moderna: Honoraria|MSD: Honoraria|Takeda: Honoraria Rafael de la Camara, MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Advisor/Consultant Marie Jose Kersten, MD, PhD, BMS: Advisor/Consultant|BMS: Honoraria|Celgene: Advisor/Consultant|Celgene: Grant/Research Support|Celgene: Honoraria|Kite/Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Kite/Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Kite/Gilead: Honoraria|Kite/Gilead: Travel|Miltenyi Biotech: Advisor/Consultant|Miltenyi Biotech: Honoraria|Miltenyi Biotech: Travel|Novartis: Advisor/Consultant|Novartis: Honoraria|Novartis: Travel|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Honoraria|Takeda: Grant/Research Support Stephan Mielke, MD, PhD, BMS: Honoraria|Celgene: Honoraria|Janssen: Honoraria|Kite/Gilead: Honoraria|Mendes: Honoraria|Miltenyi: Honoraria|Pfizer: Honoraria"}
{"text": "PILLAR evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of implementation strategies for delivering long-acting Cabotegravir for PrEP (CAB LA) to men who have sex with men and transgender men in low and high-volume PrEP Sites across the United States. We report staff study participants\u2019 (SSPs) baseline perceptions of implementation prior to study sites commencing enrollment and using implementation strategies.86 SSPs from 17 clinics completed surveys on implementation outcomes assessed using the acceptability of intervention measure (AIM) and feasibility of intervention measure (FIM), whose summary scores are averages of four items measured on a 5-point rating scale (1=completely disagree to 5=completely agree). Perceived barriers to CAB LA implementation were assessed via a 5-point rating scale . Results were compared by clinic volume of PrEP seeking individuals where high-volume sites (HVS) were defined as serving greater than 50 persons per month.Table 1 reports SSP demographics. SSPs reported high levels of feasibility and acceptability of implementing CAB LA (mean FIM=4.4 and mean AIM=4.7) and implementation support (mean FIM=4.1 and mean AIM=4.0) (Table 2). SSPs at low volume sites\u2019 (LVS) had higher levels of feasibility and were more extremely positive about implementing CAB LA (71% vs. 34% ) compared to those at HVS.Top perceived barriers to delivering CAB LA, \u201cmoderately concerned\u201d to \u201cextremely concerned\u201d SSP ratings included: medication cost (51%), patients\u2019 ability to keep appointments (32%), patients\u2019 willingness to travel for 2-monthly appointments (28%), ability to identify and flag missed injection visits (23%), and staff resourcing (20%) (Table 3). A higher proportion of HVS\u2019 SSPs reported being concerned about these barriers. SSPs were least concerned about the gluteal medial injection, managing oral lead-in, the medication\u2019s efficacy, and patients feeling stigmatized.At baseline, SSPs found CAB LA to be highly acceptable and feasible to implement into standard of care with notable differences by site volume. HVS may be more aware of PrEP introduction complexities than LVS. Support with benefits navigation, scheduling and managing missed injection visits is key for SSPs.Dima Dandachi, MD, MPH, ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Bo Li, PhD, GSK: Employment|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Alison Gaudion, PhD, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Deanna Merrill, PharmD, MBA, AAHIVP, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds David Andrae, PhD, Evidera: Employment William Lenderking, PhD, Evidera: Employment|Pfizer: Former Employment|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Riya Moodley, FCP, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Annemiek de Ruiter, MBBS FRCP, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Maggie Czarnogorski, MD MPH, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Nanlesta Pilgrim, PhD, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Norovirus (NoV) results in potentially severe, relapsing, remitting diarrhea in immunocompromised hosts (ICH). A number of interventions, including nitazoxanide (NTZ), have been tried with unclear success in managing cases of NoV in ICH.We conducted a NIH-sponsored multi-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind study of NTZ for the treatment of Norovirus in adult HSCT and SOT recipients between 2018 and 2021. Subjects with a positive Norovirus test within 14 days of enrollment and active GI symptoms were randomly assigned (1:1) to NTZ 500 mg twice daily or placebo (P) for 56 consecutives doses and were followed for 6 months, including patient reported outcomes (PRO) diary assessments. Primary endpoint was to determine the clinical efficacy, assessed as the time from randomization until symptoms resolution for at least 48 hours. Secondary endpoints included virologic efficacy assessed as the time from randomization to first negative viral load and safety through frequency of adverse events.31 subjects  were enrolled and had balanced demographics (See Table 1). Early withdrawal was documented in 5 subjects from each group. Thirty (30) had received solid organ transplants. Most had chronic ( > 14 days) symptoms (77%). In the mITT population, the median time to initial clinical resolution was 19.0 days  for the Nitazoxanide group and 11.0 days  for the placebo group . The difference between time to first negative viral load for the Norovirus GII genotype was not significant . Patients appear to have clinical improvement based on PRO results while on active therapy. No serious adverse event related to the study treatment was documented. One severe unsolicited adverse event, abdominal pain, was reported on the day of first dose NTZ. Hospitalization and non-serious or laboratory adverse events were not significantly different between the two arms. Analysis of PK and viral genetics is ongoing and will be reported at the meeting.NTZ did not shorten time to clinical resolution or viral shedding duration but may have resulted in transient symptom improvement. Although NTZ appears safe, its role is likely limited in the setting of chronic NoV among ICHs.Daniel Kaul, MD, Medscape: Honoraria|Nobelpharma: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Grant/Research Support Robin K. Avery, MD, Aicuris: Grant/Research Support|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Astra-Zeneca: Grant/Research Support|Chimerix: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Oxford Immunotec: Grant/Research Support|Qiagen: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Grant/Research Support Ajit Limaye, Professor/MD, MedPace: DSMB member|merck: Advisor/Consultant|merck: Grant/Research Support|moderna: Advisor/Consultant|moderna: site investigator|syneos: DSMB member Steven A. Pergam, MD, MPH, Cidara: Investigator in clinical trials|F2G: Investigator in clinical trials|Global Life Technologies: Grant/Research Support|Symbio: Investigator in clinical trials Michael D. Green, MD, MPH, ADMA: Advisor/Consultant|Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Bristol Myers Squibb: Advisor/Consultant|ITB-MED: Advisor/Consultant Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Grant/Research Support Lara A. Danziger-Isakov, MD, MPH, Aicuris: Contracted Clinical Research|Ansun Biopharma: Contracted Clinical Research|Astellas: Contracted Clinical Research|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Contracted Clinical Research|Pfizer: Contracted Clinical Research|Roche Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Contracted Clinical Research Michael P. Angarone, DO, Abbvie Pharmeciuticals: Advisor/Consultant|DKBMed Inc: Advisor/Consultant|DKBMed Inc: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Infants \u2264 90 days old are at increased risk of severe disease from both viral and bacterial pathogens. Differentiating between these two etiologies has long presented a diagnostic challenge and has resulted in many risk algorithms to determine which infants are infected by bacteria and require antibiotics. The increased availability of rapid molecular diagnostics presents an opportunity to refine these algorithms. While the prevalence of urinary tract infection in the presence of a respiratory virus has been described, large-scale studies with comprehensive viral testing describing the prevalence of invasive bacterial infection (IBI), defined as bacteremia or bacterial meningitis, are lacking.The CDC\u2019s New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) enrolls children < 18 years old with acute respiratory illness in the emergency department or inpatient setting of 7 hospitals. Upper respiratory specimens are collected and tested for respiratory viruses by real-time PCR. In this analysis respiratory viral positivity is described in febrile and non-febrile infants \u2264 90 days old. We then compared the prevalence of IBI  among febrile infants with and without a respiratory virus detected. IBIs were defined as a positive blood or CSF culture with bacteria unlikely to be a contaminant.n=2,138 febrile, n=1,593 non-febrile) were enrolled. Respiratory viral positivity was 68% for febrile infants and 78% for non-febrile infants. Among febrile infants, 68%  had either a blood or CSF culture obtained; 3% (n=41) had an IBI. Febrile infants in whom a respiratory virus was detected, were significantly less likely to have an IBI (OR: 0.26 [95% CI: 0.13\u20130.52]) than febrile infants with negative viral testing (Table).From December 2016 to March 2020, 3,731 infants . These findings may help develop future risk algorithms for bacterial infection in febrile infants aged \u226490 days aiming to decrease unnecessary antibiotic use in this population.Erin G. Nicholson, MD, MS, Blue Lake Biotechnology Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Advisor/Consultant Pedro A. Piedra, MD, Ark Bioscience: Advisor/Consultant|Ark Bioscience: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Icosavax: Advisor/Consultant|Icosavax: Grant/Research Support|Mapp Biologics: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi-Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant John V. Williams, MD, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidel: Board Member Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Grant/Research Support Geoffrey A. Weinberg, MD, Merck & Co: Honoraria Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support Mary A. Staat, MD, MPH, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Up-To-Date: Honoraria Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, MD, MPH, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: Grant/Research Support|Quidell: donation of kits|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: vaccine support"}
{"text": "Invasive fungal infections (IFI) in Asia/Pacific are a threat to patients with malignancies, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or undiagnosed/untreated human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Adequate and early access to diagnostic tools and antifungals is essential for the IFI clinical management and patient survival.www.clinicalsurveys.net/uc/IFI_management_capacity/. The survey aimed to collect the following dimensions: a) institution profile, b) perceptions on IFI in the respective institution, c) microscopy, d) culture and fungal identification capacity, e) serology, f) antigen detection, g) molecular tests availability, and h) therapeutic drug monitoring.The IFI diagnostic capacity survey was online accessible at As of June 2022, 235 centres from 40 countries/territories in Asia/Pacific answered the questionnaire. More than half of them were from six countries: India (25%), China (17%), Thailand (5%), Indonesia, Iran, and Japan . Candida spp. (93%) and Aspergillus spp. (75%) were considered the most relevant pathogens. Most institutions had access to microscopy (98%) or culture-based approaches (97%). Furthermore, 79% of them had access to antigen detection, 66% to molecular assays, and 63% to antibody tests. Access to antifungals varied between countries/territories. At least one triazole was available in 93% of the reporting sites (voriconazole [89%] was the most common mould-active azole), whereas 80% had at least one amphotericin B formulation, and 72% at least one echinocandin.Currently, based on the provided replies, the resources available for the IFI diagnosis and management vary in Asia/Pacific countries/territories. Economical or geographical factors may play a key role in the incidence and clinical handling of this disease burden. Regional cooperation may be a good strategy to overcome shortcomings.Martin Hoenigl, n/a, Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Euroimmun: Grant/Research Support|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Immy: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Grant/Research Support|Mundipharma: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pulmocide: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support Oliver A. Cornely, MD PhD, DZIF: Advisor/Consultant|DZIF: Board Member|DZIF: Grant/Research Support|DZIF: Honoraria|DZIF: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Nirmatrelvir with ritonavir (nirmatrelvir/r) is an oral antiviral treatment for COVID-19. EPIC-high risk (HR) was a Ph 2/3 double-blind, randomized, placebo (PBO)-controlled trial to evaluate nirmatrelvir/r in symptomatic, unvaccinated, nonhospitalized patients (pts) with \u2265 1 risk factor for progression to severe COVID-19. EPIC-standard risk (SR), a similarly designed trial enrolled pts with no risk factors, and fully vaccinated pts with \u2265 1 risk factor. An integrated analysis of treated pts with risk factors, including unvaccinated pts from EPIC-HR and vaccinated pts from EPIC-SR has been conducted.Eligible adults from EPIC-HR and EPIC-SR with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were randomized 1:1 within 5 days (d) of symptom onset to receive nirmatrelvir/r 300 mg/100 mg or PBO every 12 hrs for 5 d. Efficacy of nirmatrelvir/r was compared with PBO for COVID-19-related hospitalization or death from any cause through day 28. Other endpoints, including number of medical visits/hospital days and quantification of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA load in nasopharyngeal swabs, and TEAEs through day 35 were evaluated.Nirmatrelvir/r reduced COVID-19-related hospitalization or death due to any cause by 83%  compared to the PBO . The rate of hospitalization or death was lower among sero+ or vaccinated pts, however, nirmatrelvir/r treatment was associated with a substantial risk reduction among sero+ EPIC-HR pts (87.9% RRR), vaccinated EPIC-SR pts (57.6% RRR), or pts who were either vaccinated or sero+ (73.8% RRR) . These observations were regardless of age, gender, BMI, coexisting conditions, baseline serology status, viral RNA load and vaccination status . On average, pts treated with nirmatrelvir/r spent significantly fewer days in hospital and had significantly fewer medical visits compared with PBO. Nirmatrelvir/r treated pts had significantly greater reductions in viral RNA load from baseline to day 5 than PBO. Rates of all-causality TEAEs were similar between treatment groups and most were mild to moderate in severity.The efficacy and safety of nirmatrelvir/r was demonstrated in vaccinated and unvaccinated pts at high risk as well as in pts with serologic evidence of prior exposure to COVID-19.Heidi Leister-Tebbe, BSN, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Weihang Bao, PhD, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee of Pfizer|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Robert Fountaine, PharmD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Mary Lynn Baniecki, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Victoria Hendrick, BSc, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Wayne Wisemandle, MA, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Jennifer Hammond, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds James Rusnak, MD, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "C. difficile. In this study, we evaluated whether inclusion of microbiome characteristics improved a clinical prediction model for in-hospital mortality.Characteristics of the gut microbiome may be useful to predict resistance to colonization and expansion of pathogenic organisms such as Rectal or fecal swab samples were collected daily from medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients from three hospitals between 2017-2019 and underwent 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the V4 region. Patient admissions with \u22651 rectal swab collected < 48hrs from ICU admission were randomly selected 2:1 for calibration and validation analyses. Independent variables included Shannon Index, Microbiome Health Index, Community Type (CT) and relative abundance (RA) of specific bacterial taxa based on 3% sequence difference or class-level classification. The RA of each bacterial taxon was range-standardized (95%) and scaled to analyze a 10% relative difference within each taxon\u2019s range. Logistic regression models identified microbiome characteristics at admission that were associated with in-hospital mortality. Fixed effects were included in all models to account for microbiome differences between facilities.Table), of which 134  died during hospitalization. Increase in Shannon Index by 1 , 10% relative increase in the RA of Bacilli  and 10% relative increase in the RA of Enterococcus  were associated with in-hospital mortality in calibration models after controlling for Charlson Comorbidity Index . Increase in Shannon Index by 1  had the same direction and similar odds in the validation cohort , supporting the findings of the calibration model.There were 1365 patient admissions  analyzed (In this secondary analysis of a large, multicenter, prospective medical ICU cohort, we found that higher alpha diversity of the gut microbiome was associated with decreased odds of in-hospital mortality.Michael Z. David, MD PhD, Covance: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support Erik R. Dubberke, MD, MSPH, Abbott: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Merck and Co.: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Seres Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Summit: Advisor/Consultant|Theriva Biologics: Grant/Research Support Vincent B. Young, MD/PhD, ASM: Senior Editor|Debiopharm: Advisor/Consultant|Vedanta Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "The WHO estimated that in 2022 49% of people affected by Mpox were PLWH. Due to initial vaccine shortage in 2022, a 1/5 dose of vaccine given intradermally (ID) was FDA-authorized (8/9/22). The ID regimen had never been evaluated in PLWH. Here we describe the characteristics, and IgG responses of Mpox vaccination in PLWH and HIV-negative participants.We are conducting a longitudinal, observational study of adults with and without HIV who received the JYNNEOS vaccine or had Mpox infection in NYC. Clinical, demographic information, and Mpox H3L-specific serum IgG titers are assessed.145 participants are enrolled: 25% are PLWH (median CD4 685 cells/mm3), 14% had Mpox disease and 21% had prior smallpox vaccination. 71% with Mpox disease were PLWH. The cohort is racially/ethnically diverse, mostly men (81%) and LGBTQ+ (90%). A third of the participants were recruited from NYC DOHMH pop-up vaccination site (34%), followed by peer or professional referral (20% & 19%). Routes of vaccination were: SC-ID (49%), ID-ID (21%), SC-SC (20%), and ID-SC (10%). Redness (37%) & swelling (21%) at site of injection were common reactions. Prior smallpox vaccination was associated with higher and sustained IgG titers even after one vaccine dose. Excluding such participants, antibody titers start declining post-dose 2 . There was no difference in IgG titers at 3 months post-dose 2 between PLWH and HIV-negative for ID or any other route. Titers at 3 months post-dose 2 in PLWH correlated with CD4 counts. Longer interval between the two doses contributed to higher titers. Mpox infection yielded to significantly higher titers than vaccination post-dose 1, but no after 2 doses.Our study highlights the disproportionate burden of Mpox infection on PLWH. A diverse population representative of those most affected by 2022 Mpox was recruited. The vaccine, whether ID or SC, was well tolerated in PLWH and HIV-negative. More than two-thirds of participants with Mpox disease were PLWH. Individuals with prior smallpox vaccination maintain strong antibody levels post-dose 2, however, levels decline in individuals with no anterior prime. Our preliminary results show no negative impact of the ID dose regimen on antibody levels in PLWH.Ellie Carmody, MD, MPH, AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Stocks/Bonds Lalitha Parameswaran, MD, MPH, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mark J. Mulligan, M.D., Lilly: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: Board Member|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Board Member|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Board Member|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Microbial cell-free DNA (mcfDNA) sequencing is a promising potential tool in the detection of infectious pathogens when traditional methods fail to identify the causative agent. It may be particularly helpful in identifying pathogens that are present at low levels or that do not grow well in standard culture. The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma mcfDNA sequencing resulted in a change in therapeutic management.th, 2019, and January 4th, 2023, were included. Patient demographics, comorbid conditions, immunocompromised status, indication for testing, pre and post antimicrobial therapies from when the sample was collected, pathogen identified, ID consultation status, and ordering service at the time of testing were recorded. Each patient was analyzed by two independent reviewers for clinically significant microbial findings, treatment, and reviewer concordance with therapeutic management. If discordance between reviewers was present, a third reviewer analyzed the data.A retrospective cohort at UC Davis Medical Center was reviewed. All patients, both pediatric and adult, that underwent plasma mcfDNA (Karius) sequencing between December 11A total of 127 Karius tests were reviewed from 71 patients. Baseline characteristics included 62 (48%) pediatric and 65 (51%) adult tests. 25 (33%) tests were from female patients, and 37 tests (50%) were obtained from immunocompromised patients. The most frequent adult ordering services included the Medical Intensive Care Unit and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit. The most frequent pediatric ordering services included the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit followed by General Pediatrics. 69 (95%) of tests had a formal Infectious Diseases consultation associated with testing. 22 (30%) tests resulted in a change in antimicrobial therapy, and 35 (47%) of tests resulted in a clinically significant organism.In this retrospective cohort study conducted at a single center, Karius testing resulted in clinically significant pathogens in less than half of all tests conducted, and most test results did not lead to a change in therapeutic management. Testing in certain clinical scenarios or high-risk settings may be warranted, however further studies are needed.George R. Thompson, III, MD, Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Mayne: Advisor/Consultant|Mayne: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Mundipharma: Advisor/Consultant|Mundipharma: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "In the 2022 Mpox outbreak, the US FDA issued an EUA for a low-dose intradermal (ID) vaccination regimen to increase vaccine supply by five-fold. The ID regimen had yet to be evaluated for immunogenicity or tolerability in persons with HIV or for general acceptability.We conducted a Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices survey to evaluate ID Mpox vaccine acceptability, comparing responses between participants with and without HIV and by route received.Of 119 ethnically and racially diverse respondents, 83% identified as male, 91% as LGBTQ+, median age was 38 years. 26% had HIV. 21% received ID/ID, 57% mixed subcutaneous (SC)/ID or ID/SC, and 18% SC/SC regimens. Vaccination route was similarly distributed across age, race, ethnicity, educational status, household income and HIV status. Knowledge of Mpox vaccines was moderate, with a mean of 4.36 of 7 responses correct. 62% were satisfied with Mpox vaccine rollout and 20% were neutral. 77% agreed that they trusted information received about the Mpox ID route by healthcare providers. Respondents with HIV were less likely to fully support the policy change to the ID route to stretch vaccine supply (Mann-Whitney p=0.039), but otherwise there were no significant differences between respondents with and without HIV in satisfaction with Mpox vaccine rollout, trust in vaccine-related information, confidence about ID regimen\u2019s safety, efficacy, concern about cosmetic side effects, or overall acceptability. There were no significant differences between respondents by vaccination regimen in satisfaction with vaccine rollout, approval of the change toward ID formulation, concern about cosmetic side effects or overall acceptability. Compared to those who received mixed or ID/ID dosing regimens, SC/SC participants exhibited less confidence in efficacy of the ID formulation  and lower trust in information received by the US government about the ID formulation (p=0.01). Overall, 88% scored their Mpox vaccination experience as \u201cexcellent or very good,\u201d and there was no difference between groups.Survey responses from this clinical study sample suggest high acceptability of the ID regimen for Mpox vaccination in all groups, including among people with HIV and those who had received this regimen.Ellie Carmody, MD, MPH, AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Stocks/Bonds Lalitha Parameswaran, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mark J. Mulligan, M.D., Lilly: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: Board Member|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Board Member|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Board Member|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Due to a publishing error the article: \u201cStem cell-derived exosomes from human exfoliated deciduous teeth promote angiogenesis in hyperglycemic-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells\u201d, published at Journal of Applied Oral Science 31(e-20220427):1-13. doi: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0427 was printed with the following error:Where it reads:AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Natthapatt Sooppapipatt, Pitchaporn Teacharushatakit, Wifada Powattanasuk, and Chareerut Phruksaniyom for their technical assistance. Moreover, the authors thank Enago (www) for the English language review.The sentence should read:AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank Natthapatt Sooppapipatt, Pitchaporn Teacharushatakit, Wifada Powattanasuk, and Chareerut Phruksaniyom for their technical assistance. Moreover, the authors thank Enago (www) for the English language review.This research work is supported by Mahidol University ."}
{"text": "Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) are major drivers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. Interferon beta (IFN-\u03b2) is key in host defence against viruses but can be suppressed by virus or host factors locally at the site of infection. Inhalation of SNG001 (IFN-\u03b2-1a nebuliser solution) aims to restore lung IFN-\u03b2 levels. SG015 (NCT03570359) was a randomized, placebo-controlled Phase 2 clinical study of inhaled SNG001 conducted in COPD patients. Here we describe lung antiviral biomarker and sputum viral clearance data from Part 2 of the study which was conducted in patients with a confirmed RVI.109 COPD patients with worsening symptoms and a positive respiratory viral test were randomized 1:1 to SNG001 or placebo once-daily for 14 days in two Groups: A (no moderate exacerbation); B . Sputum samples were collected on days 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 17 and 28 for analysis of lung antiviral biomarker responses (interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs): Mx1, OAS1 and CXCL10) and lung viral load by RT-qPCR.post-hoc analysis was therefore conducted in the subgroup of patients who had detectable rhinovirus viral load in sputum. By Day 4 the proportion of patients receiving SNG001 who had detectable rhinovirus reduced to 40.0% , with a further reduction to 20.0% on Day 7 .Mx1 and OAS1 sputum cell gene expression were significantly upregulated on day 7, 10 and 13 (p< 0.05) overall and in Groups A and B with SNG001 treatment compared to placebo. CXCL10 sputum cell gene expression was significantly upregulated in the overall population with SNG001 treatment compared to placebo on days 7 and 10, in Group B on days 7, 10 and 13, and there was no significant difference in Group A. Patients had a broad range of RVIs, the most common being human rhinovirus. A Inhaled SNG001 upregulated lung antiviral defenses as assessed using sputum cell biomarker responses and accelerated viral clearance, supporting the proposed mechanism of action as an antiviral treatment for severe viral lung infections.Phillip D. Monk, PhD, Synairgen Research Plc: Employee of Synairgen Research Plc and has options on shares|Synairgen Research Plc: Stocks/Bonds Jody L. Brookes, BSc, Synairgen Research Ltd: Share options Victoria J. Tear, PhD, Synairgen Research Ltd.: Stocks/Bonds Marcin Mankowski, MD MFPM (Dis), Multiple companies: Advisor/Consultant|Synairgen: Advisor/Consultant Michael G. Crooks, MBChB (hons), MD, FRCP, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca: Honoraria|Chiesi: Advisor/Consultant|Chiesi: Honoraria|Gilead: Honoraria|Synairgen: Advisor/Consultant Dave Singh, MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Chiesi: Advisor/Consultant|gsk: Advisor/Consultant|Novartis: Advisor/Consultant|Orion: Advisor/Consultant|Pulmatrix: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Synairgen: Advisor/Consultant|Synairgen: Grant/Research Support|Therevance: Advisor/Consultant Rekha Chaudhuri, MD, AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca: Honoraria|Chiesi: Honoraria|GSK: Honoraria|Novartis: Honoraria|Sanofi: Honoraria|Teva: Honoraria Sarah Dudley, N/A, PhD, Synairgen Plc: Employed by Synairgen Research Ltd which is a subsidiary of Synairgen Plc|Synairgen Plc: Stocks/Bonds Felicity Gabbay, MbChb, Synairgen: Board Member Stephen T. Holgate, FMedSci, MD, Synairgen Research Plc: Board Member|Synairgen Research Plc: Stocks/Bonds Ratko Djukanovic, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria|KyMab: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Synairgen: Advisor/Consultant|Synairgen: Stocks/Bonds Tom Wilkinson, PhD, PhD, Synairgen: Advisor/Consultant|Synairgen: Grant/Research Support|Synairgen: Honoraria"}
{"text": "E. faecium) over a six-month period at a quaternary children\u2019s hospital.Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus (VRE) colonization and infection is an increasing threat in pediatric oncology and bone marrow transplant (BMT) patients. We identified a cluster of 13 hospitalized patients who acquired VRE (An outbreak response was coordinated among Infection Prevention & Control (IP&C) and leadership of affected units. We defined a case as a hospitalized patient with new VRE colonization or infection beginning in April 2022. We reviewed electronic medical records of case patients and IP&C practice adherence on their service units, including biweekly VRE stool screening on BMT. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on all cluster isolates and pairwise single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were calculated. Three additional VRE isolates obtained at our institution within a 1-year period before the cluster were processed for comparison.From April 14 to October 21, 2022, 7 VRE healthcare-associated infections and 6 colonization events were identified on BMT and Oncology. Healthcare worker (HCW) hand hygiene (HH) adherence based on World Health Organization\u2019s 5 moments was >95%, but supplemental observations during the outbreak period noted HH adherence of 70%. Personal protective equipment (PPE) adherence based on Centers for Disease Control and institutional requirements was 70-80% depending on the observed element. On BMT, VRE screening was completed on 33% of patients during admission; screening is not performed on Oncology. Although there was temporo-spatial overlap in some cases, no clear epidemiologic links were found. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed 11/13 (85%) isolates were closely-related . Improvement opportunities were shared with BMT and Oncology and no further VRE cases were identified.All VRE isolates sequenced and analyzed. Thirteen cluster isolates (VRE03 and VRE05-16) are starred (*). Three comparison isolates  are not starred. Abbreviations: Onc = Oncology, POA = present on arrival; HAC = hospital-acquired colonization; HAI = hospital-acquired infection.Phylogenetic analysis of 16 VRE isolates (13 cluster and 3 comparison) obtained in our institution (highlighted in red) compared with multiple reference VRE isolates. Eleven of thirteen cluster isolates (VRE03 and VRE07-VRE16) were revealed to be closely-related. Of note, VRE06 was so genetically dissimilar from the other cluster and comparison isolates, it was removed from this figure.We identified a likely nosocomial transmission of VRE among pediatric Oncology and BMT patients. Although no clear epidemiological links were found on extensive investigation, WGS revealed transmissions among patients occurred, reinforcing the importance of adherence to IP&C measures such as HH compliance, PPE utilization, and VRE screening for outbreak prevention in healthcare facilities.William R. Otto, MD, MSCE, Moderna: Grant/Research Support Lara A. Danziger-Isakov, MD, MPH, Aicuris: Contracted Clinical Research|Ansun Biopharma: Contracted Clinical Research|Astellas: Contracted Clinical Research|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Contracted Clinical Research|Pfizer: Contracted Clinical Research|Roche Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Contracted Clinical Research"}
{"text": "Persons with respiratory viral infections (RVI) may shed detectable virus after symptom recovery. Duration of detection by molecular methods is not well described for non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses.School KIDS is a prospective respiratory viral surveillance program in a Missouri school district. Participating students and staff with RVI symptoms can receive respiratory viral testing using self-collected nasal swabs. Symptomatic participants with detectable virus(es) on primary swabs were scheduled to receive 2 convalescent swabs weekly after initial test during weekly school surveillance testing. All convalescent tests performed within 21 days of the primary specimen were included. Only participants providing \u2265 1 convalescent swab were included. Specimens were tested using Hologic\u00ae Panther Fusion\u00ae or QIAstat-Dx PCR assays that included adenovirus (AdV); seasonal coronaviruses (sCoV) 229E, HKU1, NL63, OC43; human metapneumovirus, influenza A and B (Flu), parainfluenza viruses 1-4, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus/ enterovirus (RV/EV), and SARS-CoV-2. We used survival analysis to quantify median number of days until individuals tested negative for each virus.From November 3, 2022 \u2013 April 14, 2023, 344 symptomatic participants  submitted 586 primary specimens; 292 (50%) were positive for a virus. For positive primary specimens, median [IQR] time of symptom onset to specimen collection was 2  days. A total of 320 viruses were detected; most common were RV/EV (37%) and sCoVs (25%) (Table). An additional 370 convalescent specimens were collected . Median number of days [95% confidence interval] when repeat convalescent tests became negative varied by virus  .Students and staff continued to have detectable virus by nasal swabs 10-15 days after symptomatic positive specimen. Further data are needed to determine when participants are no longer infectious.Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa; however, real-world comparative-effectiveness data are lacking.Ceftolozane-tazobactam (CT) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) are front-line agents for treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa. CT and CZA patients were matched 1:1 within each study site by the presence/absence of septic shock/severe sepsis, infection site, and time to treatment initiation. The primary outcome was clinical success at day 30 defined as survival, resolution of signs/symptoms with the intended treatment course, and absence of recurrent infections. Patients with cystic fibrosis or COVID-19 infection within 90 days were excluded.CACTUS is a retrospective, matched, multicenter study to compare the efficacy of CT and CZA among patients with bacteremia or pneumonia due to MDR Table 1). The overall median age was 61 years, 61% were male, and the median Charlson score was 5. At study drug initiation, 77% of patients were in the ICU, 67% received mechanical ventilation and the median SOFA score was 7. 79% of patients were treated for pneumonia; 72% of which occurred in ventilated patients. The median time from index culture to treatment initiation was 72 hours in both groups; CT patients were more likely to receive a prolonged infusion of \u22653 hours . Clinical success occurred in 62% and 55% of patients receiving CT and CZA, respectively . Corresponding rates of success for pneumonia were 63% and 52%, respectively . All-cause, 30-day mortality rate was 20% and 19%, respectively. Microbiologic failures, recurrent infections, and development of resistance within 90 days were similar between groups. Time to a composite endpoint of recurrent infection or death within 90 days was similar between groups in the overall analysis and the subgroup of patients with pneumonia .234 patients were included from 20 sites. Patient demographics, severity of illness, infection types, and treatment durations were similar for patients treated with CT or CZA , Merck: Advisor/Consultant Erin K. McCreary, PharmD, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria|La Jolla (Entasis): Advisor/Consultant|LabSimply: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Honoraria Christopher Polk, MD, ViiVHealthcare: Job change to work for ViiV as Medical Director Michael J. Satlin, MD, AbbVie: IDMC member|Biomerieux: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|SNIPRBiome: Grant/Research Support Michael Veve, PharmD, MPH, National Institutes of Health: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support jason M. Pogue, PharmD, AbbVie: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Gut microbiome dysbiosis has been implicated in various gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases, but evidence on the efficacy and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for therapeutic indications remains unclear.The gutMDisorder database was used to summarize the associations between gut microbiome dysbiosis and diseases. We performed an umbrella review of published meta-analyses to determine the evidence synthesis on the efficacy and safety of FMT in treating various diseases. Our study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022301226).Firmicutes (phylum) was associated with 34 diseases. We identified 62 published meta-analyses of FMT. FMT was found to be effective for 13 diseases, with a 95.56% cure rate (95% CI: 93.88\u201397.05%) for recurrent Chloridoids difficile infection (rCDI). Evidence was high quality for rCDI and moderate to high quality for ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease but low to very low quality for other diseases.Gut microbiome dysbiosis was associated with 117 gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal. Colorectal cancer was associated with 92 dysbiosis. Dysbiosis involving Gut microbiome dysbiosis may be implicated in numerous diseases. Substantial evidence suggests FMT improves clinical outcomes for certain indications, but evidence quality varies greatly depending on the specific indication, route of administration, frequency of instillation, fecal preparation, and donor type. This variability should inform clinical, policy, and implementation decisions regarding FMT. Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn\u2019s disease (CD), obesity and metabolic syndrome, among others  tract and significantly affect gut homeostasis and host health by producing various metabolites that influence the gut barrier and immunity . Pathogeg others . Severalg others . ElucidaFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which restores microbiome diversity and function by transferring screened feces from healthy donors to patient GI tracts, is gaining popularity for research and clinical use . NumerouWe aimed to systematically review relationships between gut microbiome dysbiosis and diseases and determine evidence on FMT efficacy and safety for various indications.We used gutMDisorder , a database cataloging relationships between diseases and the gut microbiome in humans, to examine associations . The gutClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing FMT trials and conducted an umbrella review following Cochrane living review guidelines  or observational studies on FMT through October 2021, updating in June 2022 without language restrictions. We searched reference lists of identified studies .Studies were eligible if: (1) study design: meta-analyses of RCTs and/or observational studies; (2) participants: any condition or subtype of the disease; (3) intervention: FMT by any route of administration, donor type, infusion frequency or bacterial fluid status; and (4) outcomes: clinical remission, response or adverse events. We excluded: (1) systematic reviews without meta-analysis; (2) pre/probiotic research; and (3) animal research.After eliminating duplicates, two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts and the full texts. Disagreements were resolved by consensus or appeal to a senior reviewer. We recorded reasons for exclusion.I2, P).Two reviewers extracted data independently and a third checked accuracy. For each study, we extracted: (1) characteristics: author, publication year, country, disease, studies, participants, age, sex, follow-up, adverse events; and (2) FMT details: participants, outcome measures including relative risk (RR), odds ratio (OR), mean difference (MD), weighted mean difference (WMD) and standardized mean difference (SMD), and heterogeneity  . If no remission rate was reported, we used another outcome. We chose the study with the highest number of RCTs or cohort studies if two or more studies for the same disease category and outcome were published within the same 24-month period. If two or more studies published in the same period had the same number of RCTs or cohort studies, we included the study with the highest AMSTAR-2 score. When both cohort studies and case series were included in a meta-analysis, and subgroup analysis was stratified by study design, the cohort design sub-analysis was selected for inclusion in the summary forest plots. We summarized subgroup analyses by administration route, donor type, frequency or bacterial fluid status.We synthesized data from the most recent meta-analysis for each disease, estimating heterogeneity  associated with the most (34) diseases, followed by Bacteroides , Bacteroidetes  and Prevotella . Firmicutes (34), Clostridiales (14), Enterobacteriaceae (22), Bacteroides (30), Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (13) and unclassified Lachnospiraceae (2).Dysbiosis of 479 gut microbes is associated with 117 gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases . Figure s nordii . Figure Analysis of 370 registered clinical trial entries presented an overview of FMT used for treating various digestive and non-digestive diseases since 2008 . Figure n\u2009=\u200924), UC (n\u2009=\u200914), IBD (n\u2009=\u20096), IBS (n\u2009=\u20094), CD (n\u2009=\u20093), AMR (n\u2009=\u20092), obesity (n\u2009=\u20091), metabolic syndrome (n\u2009=\u20091), functional gut disorders (n\u2009=\u20091), psychiatric outcomes (n\u2009=\u20091), chronic pouchitis (n\u2009=\u20091), functional constipation (n\u2009=\u20091) and GVHD (n\u2009=\u20091). We utilized an evidence mapping approach to visually present the reported efficacy, safety, and recurrence outcomes of FMT across 20 disease conditions after screening  had an overall final cure rate of 95.56%  for rCDI . CompareFMT also seemed beneficial for CDI subtypes. For severe or fulminant CDI, a single FMT had an overall successful resolution rate of 0.88  and preventing multiple rCDI recurrence (75%), while tolevamer also prevented recurrence (87%) . AnotherStudies largely found consistent results for FMT delivery via colonoscopy to the lower vs. upper gastrointestinal tract for outcomes such as clinical remission . Fresh FThere was evidence that FMT vs. placebo improved clinical outcomes in IBD , clinical response , and endoscopic remission  final remission rate and 71.7%  clinical response rate after FMT for CD . FMT impFew studies have examined FMT for chronic pouchitis. A meta-analysis of two studies with 14 patients reported a clinical remission rate of 7.4%  and for pediatric patients was 78%  . CDI curAmong patients with IBS, 57.8%  showed significant improvement . Fresh oAlthough the gut-brain axis suggests microbes could affect the central nervous system and neurological diseases, no meta-analysis has explored the clinical efficacy of FMT for these conditions. Available studies evaluating psychiatric outcomes have focused on patients with IBS. For the Fatigue Assessment Scale mental health subscale at 1\u2009month, patients receiving 30\u2009g of FMT vs. placebo showed significant improvement , including 43.7% complete response and 20.7% partial response. fter FMT .FMT vs. conventional treatment was associated with a lower rate of failing to achieve remission for decolonization of AMR bacteria  hemoglobin A1c  and early-stage high-density lipoprotein cholesterol  of patients with IBD had worsening symptoms after FMT . Rates oOf 94 patients with IBS receiving FMT, 29 (30.9%) reported at least one adverse event compared with 25 of 65 (38.5%) receiving placebo  for non-CDI indications need refinement. Finally, In summary, gut dysbiosis associates with at least 117 gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases. FMT provides a new modality to reshape the gut microbiome, virome, mycobiome and metabolome, benefitting patients with said diseases. Meta-analyses suggest FMT efficacy and safety in clinical practice, but higher-quality evidence is needed to strengthen recommendations.Future research should explore gut-disease causality, measure dysbiosis, identify disease mechanisms and FMT\u2019s molecular effects. Improving FMT standardization, innovation and delivery will enhance its efficacy, safety and indications. However, large, rigorous studies are still needed to support expanded use.Several avenues remain unexplored: (1) Determine if dysbiosis causes or results from certain diseases. New techniques can quantify dysbiosis and its disease-specific nature. (2) Identify disease-associated microbes and FMT\u2019s mechanisms of action. This can illuminate new therapeutic targets and applications . (3) OptXZ: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing. XLu: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing. LT: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing \u2013 review & editing. PY: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing \u2013 review & editing. ML: Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Validation, Visualization, Writing \u2013 review & editing. KL: Data curation, Investigation, Visualization, Writing \u2013 review & editing. DZ: Data curation, Visualization, Writing \u2013 review & editing. CH: Data curation, Writing \u2013 review & editing. QS: Data curation, Writing \u2013 review & editing. LY: Data curation, Writing \u2013 review & editing. ZX: Data curation, Writing \u2013 review & editing. JZ: Data curation, Writing \u2013 review & editing. ZM: Data curation, Writing \u2013 review & editing. JL: Data curation, Writing \u2013 review & editing. JWL: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Visualization, Writing \u2013 review & editing. YL: Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing \u2013 review & editing. JY: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing \u2013 review & editing. WM: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing \u2013 review & editing. XLi: Resources, Supervision, Writing \u2013 review & editing. YC: Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing \u2013 review & editing."}
{"text": "Ab cause high mortality in hospitalized patients. Treatment options are limited, but now include FDC, a novel siderophore cephalosporin. Following clinical implementation, cases of treatment-emergent resistance have been reported. Proposed resistance mechanisms include alterations in iron transporters and amino acid substitutions in Acinetobacter-derived AmpC \u03b2-lactamase (ADC). Our objective was to define the relative contribution of ADC amino acid substitution to reduced FDC susceptibility against CRAb clinical strains.Infections due to CRAb isolates from the US and Italy. We compared common variants  to variants from FDC-resistant strains that had not been exposed to FDC , and variants from FDC-resistant strains collected following FDC treatment . blaADC-30 was used as a reference. The ADCbla genes with an upstream ribosomal binding site from pET24 were subcloned into pBCSK (-), transformed into E. coli Top10 cells, and selected on plates containing 100 \u00b5g/ml ampicillin and 30 \u00b5g/ml chloramphenicol. The constructs\u2019 sequences were verified by Sanger sequencing. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of FDC were determined by broth microdilution in iron-depleted media at least in duplicate.Variant ADCs were identified from whole genome sequencing analysis of clinical CRAmong studied ADC sequences, substitutions that were located in the \u03a9- or R2-loop regions, which accommodate the binding of cephalosporins, resulted in a 2- to 8-fold change in FDC MIC . When both regions were affected, there was an 8- to 16-fold increase in MIC. No significant MIC changes occurred among the studied mutations outside of these regions (Table 1). R2-loop substitutions were observed in FDC-exposed resistant strains, whereas \u2126-loop mutations were observed in resistant strains that had not been exposed to FDC.Figure 1.Alignment of amino acid sequences in the ADC \u03a9- and R2- loop regions among studied isolates.We identified amino acid substitutions in \u03a9- and R2-loop regions of ADC that contribute to increased FDC MIC. Given the broad diversity of currently circulating ADC variants, it is crucial to study the impact of sequence variation on the activity of novel agents.Robert A. bonomo, MD, Entasis, Merck, VenatoRx, Wockhardt: Grant/Research Support Marco Falcone, MD, PhD, Gilead: Board Member|Gilead: Honoraria|Menarini: Board Member|Menarini: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Honoraria|MSD: Board Member|MSD: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|Nordic Pharma: Honoraria|Pfizer: Board Member|Pfizer: Honoraria|Shionogi: Honoraria Ryan K. Shields, PharmD, MS, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Utility: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Grant/Research Support Yohei Doi, MD, PHD, bioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|FujiFilm: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Meiji Seika Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Honoraria|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease. The association between prior hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and NAFLD has not been elucidated. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) aims to assess the health and nutritional status of the population across the United States.By using the 2017-2020 NHANES, we evaluated the age-adjusted prevalence of prior HBV, HAV and HEV infection among participants with NAFLD, as well as the age adjusted prevalence of NAFLD, high risk non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and liver fibrosis among participants with prior HBV infection. We then performed multivariable logistic regression analyses using adjusted odds ratios (aOR) to examine the association of prior HBV, HAV and HEV infection with NAFLD, high risk NASH, and liver fibrosis.We identified 2565 individuals with anti-HBc serology results, 1480 unvaccinated participants with anti-HAV results, and 2561 participants with anti-HEV results. Among participants with NAFLD, the age-adjusted prevalence of prior HBV, HAV and HEV infection was 3.48%, 32.08% and 7.45%, respectively. The age-adjusted prevalence of NAFLD, high-risk NASH and fibrosis among participants with prior HBV infection was 33.59%, 3.36%, and 8.00%, respectively. Prior infection with HBV, HAV and HEV was not associated with NAFLD or high-risk NASH. Participants with anti-HBc and anti-HAV seropositivity were more likely to have significant fibrosis compared to participants with negative anti-HBc and anti-HAV serology .Age-adjusted prevalence of NAFLD, high-risk NASH and liver fibrosis among participants with positive anti-HBc serologyAdjusted odds ratio of prior viral hepatitis exposureParticipants with a history of HBV or HAV infection exhibit greater odds of significant liver fibrosis compared to those without HBV or HAV exposure. To limit disease-related outcomes, healthcare providers should prioritize vaccination efforts and use an individualized strategy for NAFLD in patients with prior viral hepatitis, including HBV or HAV infection.Eleftherios Mylonakis, MD, PhD, BARDA: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Advisor/Consultant|Chemic Labs/KODA Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Leidos Biomedical Research Inc./NCI: Grant/Research Support|NIH/NIAID: Grant/Research Support|NIH/NIGMS: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|SciClone Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile infection (frCDI) or multiply recurrent CDI (mrCDI) is complex and may include antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, or fecal transplantation. Improved understanding of rCDI pathogenesis can help guide treatment. We report microbiome findings of patients (pts) with frCDI and mrCDI from a post hoc analysis of two phase 3 trials with fecal microbiota spores, live-brpk , an FDA-approved, microbiota-based therapeutic comprised of Firmicutes spores.Treatment for first recurrent Stool samples were collected from pts with mrCDI in ECOSPOR III (n=158) and with frCDI or mrCDI in ECOSPOR IV (n=218) at baseline (pre-dose) and Week 1 post treatment. Shannon diversity was calculated from species profiles from analysis of whole metagenomic sequencing data using MetaPhlAn2. Primary (1\u00b0BA) and secondary bile acid (2\u00b0BA) concentrations were measured via targeted liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry panel. Subgroup differences were analyzed with linear mixed models.P>0.05). At Week 1, Shannon diversity  was greater vs baseline (P< 0.001); gains were not significantly different between subgroups (P>0.05). For pts receiving FMS vs placebo in ECOSPOR III, greater reductions in 1\u00b0BA and increases in 2\u00b0BA from baseline\u2013Week 1 were observed, similar to FMS-treated pts in ECOSPOR IV. At Week 1, 2\u00b0BA concentrations were greater vs baseline (P< 0.001); similar gains were seen between subgroups (P>0.05) . Consistent with these microbiome findings, in an integrated analysis, rCDI rates with FMS at Week 8 were low in both subgroups .At baseline, Shannon diversity was not significantly different between mrCDI and frCDI groups (After antibiotics, pts with frCDI or mrCDI had low Shannon diversity and 2\u00b0BA concentrations that were no different between subgroups, highlighting a need for microbiome restoration. Both subgroups showed rapid, significant improvement in Shannon diversity and 2\u00b0BA concentrations and reductions in 1\u00b0BA after FMS, with comparable clinical outcomes. These data suggest that regardless of number of prior CDI episodes, FMS therapy following antibiotics may be an optimal treatment.Colleen R. Kelly, MD, Openbiome: Advisor/Consultant|Sebela Pharmaceuticald: Advisor/Consultant Tim Straub, MS, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Kevin Litcofsky, PhD, Seres Therapeutics: inventor on patents assigned to Seres Therapeutics|Seres Therapeutics: Employment|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Jennifer R. Wortman, MS, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Barbara McGovern, MD, Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Brooke Hasson, PhD, Sage Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Dina Hot, PhD, Aimmune Therapeutics: Employee Darrell Pardi, MD, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|AMT: Grant/Research Support|BI: Advisor/Consultant|Immunic: Advisor/Consultant|Rise: Advisor/Consultant|Seres Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Seres Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Summit: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Grant/Research Support|Vedanta: Advisor/Consultant|Vedanta: Grant/Research Support Christopher Ford, PhD, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Matthew Henn, PhD, Seres Therapeutics: Employee|Seres Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) following clinical treatment guideline updates placing it as first-line therapy. This puts a selection pressure on the development of fidaxomicin resistance, which has been associated with in vitro fitness costs compared to wildtype isolates. Here we aimed to assess the epidemiology of reduced susceptibility (RS) to fidaxomicin and prevalence of rpoB mutations in a clinical cohort.Fidaxomicin use is increasing to treat rpoB single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).Stool samples from patients with CDI were collected from two different healthcare systems in Houston, TX between 2016-21. Fidaxomicin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined via agar dilution susceptibility testing following CLSI standards. RS was defined as MIC > 0.5 mg/L based on the EUCAST [T]ECOFF. A subgroup of 40 isolates with RS underwent Sanger sequencing to detect rpoB SNP mutations were detected in 12.5% (5/40) of isolates at 7 novel base positions; no SNPs were detected at previously reported position 3428.Of 535 patients included, 114 (21.3%) had infecting strains with fidaxomicin RS . Fidaxomicin RS was more common in RT 027  compared to non-027 strains . There were no differences in the proportions demonstrating RS across collection years (P=0.18) or based on location in or out of the Texas Medical Center (P=0.29). Mean MICs were similar between isolates collected before and after the IDSA/SHEA guideline update in 2018 (P =0.1). rpoB SNPs were observed in isolates with RS. Studies are needed to determine potential association(s) between fidaxomicin exposure and MIC changes.RS to fidaxomicin occurred in one fifth of clinical isolates with no changes in incidence between 2016-21. Several new Anne J. Gonzales-Luna, PharmD, BCIDP, Cidara Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Personal Fees|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Seres Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support Kevin Garey, PharmD, MS, BCIDP, Acurx Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Seres Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Vedanta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Little is known about the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and associated respiratory virus detection in students/ staff in primary and secondary schools.School KIDS is a prospective respiratory viral surveillance program in a large Missouri school district. Participating students/ staff complete a monthly electronic symptom survey that asks about respiratory symptoms (sx) in the preceding 7 days; participants are categorized based on the presence of any respiratory sx: ongoing (current), resolved, and no sx. Within 36 hours of survey completion, participants undergo surveillance respiratory viral testing at school. Self-administered nasal swabs are tested via multipathogen PCR assay (Table). Prevalence of respiratory viruses in participants with and without sx were calculated. A mixed-effect multivariable logistic regression model was used to compare odds of a sample testing positive based on surveillance sx and enrollee age.A total of 544 students (30 pre-kindergarten (preK), 320 elementary, 117 middle, and 77 high) and 224 staff enrolled. A total of 2,537 sx surveys with corresponding respiratory samples were collected from November 2, 2022\u2013April 15, 2023 (Table). Of the samples provided, 1,138 were preK-elementary (45%), 368 middle (14%), 276 high (11%), and 755 staff (30%). Participants reported ongoing (20%), resolved (14%), and no sx (66%). Prevalence of commonly reported sx were congestion (21%), runny nose (17%), cough (16%), and fever (3%). Overall respiratory virus test positivity was 26%; 50% of positive samples came from participants without sx. Flu A, PIV, and RSV were more frequently detected in those with ongoing sx. AdV, HMPV, RV/EV, and SARS-CoV-2 were more frequently detected in those with no sx. Increased odds of a positive test were observed among enrollees who reported runny nose , congestion , cough , or sore throat  but not fever .More research is needed to understand if students with respiratory sx are more likely than asymptomatic students to shed transmissible respiratory viruses.Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Stratified by infection type, the activity of CFDC and comparator agents was evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA), Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates, collected from US hospitals during 2020-2022 in the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program.Cefiderocol (CFDC) has broad Antimicrobial Activity of Cefiderocol and Comparator Agents Against Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus species complex, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by Infection Type from United States HospitalsS. maltophilia isolates from US hospitals were tested for susceptibility (%S) using broth microdilution with cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) or iron-depleted CAMHB for CFDC. Comparator agents included: ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), ceftolozane-tazobactam (C/T), and imipenem-relebactam (I-R) as well as ampicillin/sulbactam (SAM), meropenem (MEM), imipenem (IPM), minocycline (MIN) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT). Carbapenem non-susceptible (CarbNS) was defined as non-susceptibility to IPM and MEM. Susceptibility was interpreted according to 2023 CLSI breakpoints.3,383 PSA, 910 ABC and 657 S. maltophilia isolates, CFDC and MIN were the most active agents across all infection types.The most common infection type from which isolates were collected was pneumonia , followed by skin and skin structure , bloodstream infection , urinary tract infection  and intra-abdominal infections . Among PSA, %S to CFDC was highest among comparators with >98%, across all infection types, including those caused by CarbNS isolates. In CarbNS-PSA, %S to CZA and C/T were lowest in BSI isolates while among PNA isolates, %S to CZA and I-R were the lowest. ABC %S to CFDC ranged from 97-100% and 91-100% in CarbNS-ABC across all infection types. In CarbNS-ABC, SAM and MIN %S in BSI and PNA was 19% and 66% and 8% and 53%, respectively. Against S. maltophilia, including Carb-NS, isolates from US hospitals, CFDC was the most active agent with >90% susceptibility across all infection types. CFDC represents a potential option for empiric antimicrobial therapy in US hospitals with high rates of Carb-NS non-fermenting Gram-negative pathogens.Against PSA, ABC, and Sean T. Nguyen, PharmD, Shionogi: Employee|Shionogi, Inc: Employee Calbert Valencia, PharmD, Shionogi Inc: Employee Jason J. Bryowsky, PharmD, MS, Shionogi Inc.: Employee Boudewijn L. DeJonge, PhD, Shionogi Inc.: Employee Joshua Maher, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Affinity Biosensors: Grant/Research Support|AimMax Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Alterity Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Amicrobe, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Arietis Pharma: Grant/Research Support|Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Astrellas Pharma, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica AG: Grant/Research Support|Becton Dickinson And Company: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Boost Biomes: Grant/Research Support|Diamond V: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics plc: Grant/Research Support|Johnson & Johnson: Grant/Research Support|Kaleido Biosciences, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co. Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|National Institutes of Health: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Roche Holding AG: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Summmit Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Zoetis Inc: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Miki Takemura, n/a, Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Stocks/Bonds Yoshinori Yamano, PhD, Shionogi HQ: Employee"}
{"text": "Millions of Americans are infected by influenza each year. Most experience mild and self-limited illness but a minority progress to severe disease and death. Emergency departments (ED) serve as a frontline for the US health system and must distinguish those at risk for clinical deterioration from those who can be safely discharged to the community.We developed random forest machine learning (ML) models to estimate risk for two severe outcomes in ED patients with influenza: need for inpatient care within 72 hours and need for critical care within 24 hours. Both were defined by multidisciplinary consensus using markers of cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction captured in the electronic health record (EHR). Predictor data were limited to those recorded prior to ED disposition decision  and included patient demographics, ED complaint, active medical problems, vital signs and trends, supplemental oxygen use and selected laboratory results. Our cohort was comprised of adult patients who visited one of five EDs in our university health system between 01/01/2017 and 05/18/2022. A development cohort comprised of encounters that occurred before December 2019 was used for model derivation and 10-fold out of sample validation; models were externally validated in the cohort of encounters that occurred afterward.Among 8,032 patients with confirmed influenza, incidence of critical care needs at 24 hours was 6.2% (n = 502) and incidence of inpatient care needs at 72 hours was 16.1% (n = 1295). The most common reasons for ED visit were symptoms of upper or lower respiratory tract infection, fever, and shortness of breath. During external validation, models exhibited excellent predictive performance with AUCs of 0.90 (0.87 - 0.94) for critical and 0.89 (95% CI 0.86 -0.92) for inpatient care needs; both were well-calibrated (Brier scores 0.025 and 0.036). Important predictors of severe disease included shortness of breath, increasing respiratory rate and a high number of comorbid diseases.Predictive Model Performance During External Validation.Random forest models predicted risk for critical care needs within 24 hours (red) and inpatient care needs within 72 hours (blue). Overall predictive performance is shown using receiver operating characteristic curves with area under the curve (AUC) in panels A and B; model calibration curves with Brier scores are shown in C and D; predicted probability distributions are shown with kernel density estimation plots in E and F.These findings demonstrate that EHR data and ML can be used to risk-stratify patients with influenza early in their hospital course. An important future aim is to integrate ML-driven predictions into clinical decision support at the point of care.Jeremiah S. Hinson, MD, PhD, Beckman Coulter: Advisor/Consultant|Beckman Coulter: Grant/Research Support|Beckman Coulter: TriageGO Katherine ZJ Fenstermacher, PhD, Cepheid: Grant/Research Support Richard E. Rothman, MD, PhD, CEPHEID: Advisor/Consultant|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Danaher: Grant/Research Support Oluwakemi Badaki-Makun, MD, PhD, Beckman Coulter: Grant/Research Support Scott Levin, PhD, Beckman Coulter: Licenses|Beckman Coulter: Employment|Beckman Coulter: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Correction: Zahedi et al. Diabetol Metab Syndr _#####################_10.1186/s13098-021-00637-4Following publication of the original article [1], the authors identified an error in affiliation. The correct affiliation of Maryam S. Daneshpour is given below.Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, POBox: 19,195\u2009\u2212\u20094763, Tehran, IranThe original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Oseltamivir is the most common antiviral prescribed to treat influenza. There are limited data about oseltamivir receipt in uncomplicated influenza, including frequency of early discontinuation of oseltamivir.Individuals who tested positive for influenza were identified from outpatient clinics, emergency departments, or surveillance testing at seven sites in the United States from December 2021\u2013March 2023. Index cases and their household contacts (HHC) enrolled \u22646 days after the first illness in the household, completed symptom/medication logs, and collected nasal swabs for influenza testing daily for 10 days. Oseltamivir receipt was classified by daily logs  among eligible persons (Methods 1). Addresses linked to the 2020 Social Vulnerability Index by census tract. Odds of oseltamivir receipt were estimated using binomial regression with household clustering.Methods upload 1: Analytic flow diagram for assessment of use and discontinuation of oseltamivir in household settings, United States 2021-22 and 2022-23 influenza seasons.Discontinuation was defined as use for 1-2 days, compared to use for 3-4 or \u22655 days. If the participant reported oseltamivir on the first or last day of follow-up and did not report use for at least 3 days, the duration of oseltamivir usage was considered \u201ccensored\u201d and discontinuation was not described.Of 737 household members, 142 individuals  reported oseltamivir. Oseltamivir receipt was more common among those recruited in 2022\u201323 vs. 2021\u201322 and by participants who self-reported pre-existing conditions vs. those who did not. Oseltamivir receipt was less common among children 5\u201311 vs. adults 18\u201349 years (Results 1). Individuals from the most vulnerable census tracts were least likely to receive oseltamivir (Results 2). Among symptomatic infected persons, oseltamivir was typically initiated within 2 days of symptoms (76%). Of 126 individuals whose duration of oseltamivir was not censored by the start or end of follow-up, 19% reported receipt on only 1-2 days, 17% for 3-4 days, and 63% for \u22655 days. Compared to those who reported \u22655 days of oseltamivir receipt, people who took oseltamivir for 1\u20132 days had similar reported symptoms, including gastrointestinal symptoms, on the first day of illness and first day of oseltamivir (Results 3).Results upload 1: Characteristics of individuals who did and did not report use of oseltamivir among individuals in households with a known influenza case, United States, 2021-22 and 2023-24 influenza seasons.Results Upload 2. Social vulnerability of individuals who did and did not report use of oseltamivir among individuals in geocoded households with a known influenza case, United States, 2021-22 and 2023-24 influenza seasons.Over a third of index cases received oseltamivir, and receipt differed by age and social vulnerability status. In this analysis, early discontinuation was not associated with initial symptom burden or symptoms, including gastrointestinal side-effects, after initiating oseltamivir.Edward Belongia, MD, Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Site Investigator, DSMB member Suchitra Rao, MBBS, MSCS, Sequiris: Advisor/Consultant Huong McLean, PhD, MPH, Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Joshua Petrie, PhD, CSL Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Edwin J. Asturias, MD, Hillevax: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Carlos G. Grijalva, MD, MPH, AHRQ: Grant/Research Support|CDC: Grant/Research Support|FDA: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Syneos Health: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Escherichia coli reside as commensal intestinal microflora without harming human health. But some E. coli strains are pathogenic and can cause deadly infections. Antimicrobial resistant E. coli is associated with more than 1.5 million deaths globally. Here, we studied the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli isolates from two cities based on the antimicrobial(AMR) genes and MIC values. By correlating genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial resistance, we also examined the performance of whole genome sequencing (WGS) based prediction of phenotypic resistance.Most E. coli isolates from Detroit, MI and Cleveland, OH hospitals underwent WGS. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the gram-negative AST cards on the VITEK 2 system. WGS was performed with Nextseq 550 using Nextera flex kits. After de novo assembly, AMR genes were identified using AMR gene database, ResFinder.A total 109 st and 3rd generation cephalosporins were very high among the E. coli isolates. They were susceptible to penicillin combinations and 2nd generation cephalosporins. While resistance to quinolone antibiotics was high, resistance to aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and sulfonamide/trimethoprim were relatively low . As shown in Table 1, WGS-based method accurately predicted the majority of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes with accuracy of 0.89 \u223c 1.0. However, for cephalothin (0.36), piperacillin/tazobactam (0.69), and amikacin (0.63), the prediction accuracy was low which could potentially lead to false predictions of antimicrobial resistance. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) genes such as blaCTX-M, blaOXA, and blaTEM were abundant, though subtle difference in the prevalence of AMR genes between two cities was observed .The resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics including 1E. coli isolates contained various ESBL genes and their gyrA genes were mutated to quinolone resistant forms. Therefore, most of the isolates were resistant to many beta-lactam and quinolone drugs. WGS based prediction of phenotypic resistance showed good predictive values but needs more studies to increase sensitivity and specificity.Most of the Keith S. Kaye, MD, MPH, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Abbvie: Honoraria|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Honoraria|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Honoraria|VenatoRx: Advisor/Consultant|VenatoRx: Honoraria"}
{"text": "During XBB variant dominance, there is still a lack of evidence describing phenotypes of acute respiratory infection (ARI) symptoms present at COVID testing and how clusters of symptoms are associated with COVID test positivity, COVID vaccination status, and vaccination timing.This observational cohort included 88,147 adult symptomatic individuals presenting for COVID testing at CVS Pharmacy\u00ae locations across the US during March and April of 2023. Individuals self-reported ARI symptoms, comorbid conditions, vaccination status, vaccination timing, and demographics when making an appointment for COVID testing. Latent class analysis (LCA) is a statistically robust method of cluster analysis and was adopted to examine patterns of ARI symptoms. COVID testing positivity was tabulated for each pattern by time from last dose of vaccine.Patients were 43.3 (SD: 16.6) years old on average and 37% male. The cohort was composed of 43% White or Caucasian, 21% Hispanic, 16% Black, 11% Asian, and 9% other race and/or ethnicities. About 20% of patients self-reported at least one comorbid condition. PCR and antigen tests were chosen by 79% and 21% of patients, respectively. Overall, 33% of patients tested positive for COVID. Of 87% vaccinated, 4% had been vaccinated within three months of testing, 21% within 4-6 months, 17% within 7-12 months, and 45% had been vaccinated over one year prior to testing.The number of months since vaccination was associated with an increased number of reported symptoms, presenting a marked uptick of symptoms at 6-months following the last vaccination dose . LCA identified four distinct phenotype groups of ARI symptoms described with prevalence (%) . Phenotype group positivity rates were also associated with time since last dose of vaccines, and yet unlike individual symptoms, appeared to stabilize six months post-vaccination.Four ARI symptom phenotypes having distinct responses to vaccine and COVID positivity were identified. Some phenotypes (such as P3 and P4) may present with symptom patterns consistent with seasonal influenza or RSV. More research is needed to validate these findings and understand the implications of possible COVID phenotypes.Xiaowu Sun, PhD, CVS Health: Employee|CVS Health: Stocks/Bonds Laura L. Lupton, MD, MHSA, CVS Health: employee|CVS Health: Stocks/Bonds Coetzer Henriette, MD, Astra Zeneca: Stocks/Bonds|CVS Health: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Alexandra Berk, PhD, CVS Health: employee|CVS Health: Stocks/Bonds Laura Anatale-Tardiff, MPH, CVS Health: employee|CVS Health: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Antibiotic resistance in pediatrics, including neonates and infants, is increasing globally. Ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) is approved for use in pediatric patients (age \u2265 3 months) with Gram-negative bacterial infections. This study evaluated pharmacokinetics (PK), safety, and efficacy of CAZ-AVI in hospitalized neonates and young infants  with suspected/confirmed infections due to Gram-negative pathogens requiring intravenous (IV) antibiotic treatment (Tx).This Phase 2a study was conducted at 39 sites in 9 countries . Hospitalized neonates and infants received single (Part A) or multiple doses (Part B) of IV CAZ-AVI . PK (CAZ and AVI), safety , and efficacy  were assessed. The study was not powered for inferential statistical analysis, descriptive methods were used to summarize all data.Escherichia coli. Median duration of CAZ-AVI Tx in Part B was 7.0 days. Plasma concentrations of CAZ and AVI were similar to those in previous pediatric studies . Overall, 50% (n=23) of participants had treatment-emergent AEs (TEAEs); the majority were mild/moderate in severity. SAEs (n=8) and deaths  were not related to study Tx. Most participants had favorable clinical outcomes and microbiological response at test of cure.In total, 46 participants were administered CAZ-AVI, aged 2 to 89 days and 31 to \u2265 37 weeks gestation (Table 1). Overall, sepsis (39.1%) and urinary tract infection (15.2%) were the most common primary infectious diagnoses. In Part B, 60% of the baseline pathogens isolated were Plasma concentrations of CAZ and AVI after single and multiple doses of CAZ-AVI were similar to previous pediatric studies. Single and multiple doses of CAZ-AVI were safe and well tolerated in hospitalized neonates and young infants with suspected/confirmed bacterial infections. TEAEs were mild/moderate in severity and no new safety concerns were identified.Emmanuel Roilides, MD, PhD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Grant/Research Support|Mundipharma: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support Richard England, MD, PhD, Pfizer: Employee of Pfizer|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Margaret Tawadrous, MD, MS, Pfizer: Employee of Pfizer|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Jean Yan, M.S., Pfizer: Employee of Pfizer|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Elena Soto, PhD, Pfizer: Employee of Pfizer|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Gregory Stone, PhD, Pfizer: Employee of Pfizer|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Shweta Kamat, MD, Pfizer: Employee of Pfizer|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "CHIKV remains a significant public health concern globally. We report the results of two phase\u202f3 trials evaluating an aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted CHIKV VLP vaccine.80 serum neutralizing antibody (SNA) titers at selected timepoints. Seroresponse rate (SRR) was the percentage of participants who achieved NT80 SNA titer \u2265 100 (FDA/EMA agreed threshold). Safety outcomes were evaluated through monitoring adverse events (AEs) through Day 183.Two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trials were conducted: an adult/adolescent trial (NCT05072080) in ages 12-64 years and an older adult trial in ages \u2265 65 years (NCT05349617). Participants received CHIKV VLP vaccine or placebo as a single intramuscular dose. Immunogenicity objectives assessed anti-CHIKV NTStudy overview.Adult/adolescent trial: 3254 participants  were enrolled. Primary endpoints were met with a Day 22 SRR of 98% (2503/2559) for vaccine and 1% for placebo , as well as lot consistency, and superiority to placebo in geometric mean titer (GMT). A rapid antibody response was observed in the CHIKV VLP vaccine group with Day 8 SRR=47% (1169/2510) and Day 15 SRR=97% (2355/2434); responses were durable through Day 183 with SRR=86% (1967/2301).Older adult trial: 413 participants  were enrolled. Primary endpoints were met with a Day 22 SRR of 87% (167/191) for vaccine and 1% for placebo , as well as by GMT. At Day 15 a rapid antibody response was observed in the CHIKV VLP vaccine group with SRR=82% (150/182).CHIKV VLP vaccine demonstrated a favorable safety profile, and most AEs were mild to moderate in severity. The most common AEs were myalgia, fatigue, and headache.CHIKV VLP vaccine is the only VLP-based vaccine in clinical development for active immunization against CHIKV disease. Results demonstrate that CHIKV VLP vaccine induces a rapid and robust immune response in most people by Day 15 and through Day 183. These findings support the potential of this VLP-based vaccine to help protect individuals 12 years and older from CHIKV.Jason S. Richardson, PhD, Bavarian Nordic Canada Inc: Stocks/Bonds Debbie Anderson, MS, Bavarian Nordic: Employee|Emergent BioSolutions: Stocks/Bonds Sufia Muhammad, MD, Bavarian Nordic: Employee|Emergent BioSolutions: Stocks/Bonds Lauren Tindale, PhD, Bavarian Nordic: Employee Tobi Loreth, n/a, Emergent BioSolutions: Stocks/Bonds Sarah Royalty Tredo, MBA, Emergent Biosolutions: Employee|Emergent Biosolutions: Stocks/Bonds Victoria Jenkins, PhD, Bavarian Nordic: Employee Patrick Ajiboye, MD, Bavarian Nordic: Employee|Emergent BioSolutions: Stocks/Bonds Lisa Bedell, Director Biostatistic, Bavarian-Nordic: Advisor/Consultant|Emergent BioSolutions: Employee|Emergent BioSolutions: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "All panels use two assays for SARS-CoV-2 detection, each targeting a different gene. Positive detection in only one of the two assays is required for a positive SARS-CoV-2 result. As new variants of SARS-CoV-2 emerge, https://gisaid.org/) for SARS-CoV-2 variants deemed significant by the WHO and UKHSA are analyzed monthly. Assay primer regions are assessed for mismatches using Geneious Prime\u00ae as well as proprietary software tools. When primer mismatches with potential to affect the sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 detection are identified , and meet the testing criteria, the BIOFIRE RP2.1 Panel is used to empirically evaluate the impact by comparing synthetic templates with mismatches of concern to synthetic template without mismatches.Sequence data  contain paired mismatches of concern. Wet testing showed < 10x lower projected sensitivity for 288 (72 unique) sequences, 10-100x lower sensitivity for 16 (10 unique) sequences, and only 1 sequence had 100-1000x lower projected sensitivity. Lineage defining mutations were seen within a SARS-CoV-2 assay primer region in 27 variants. However, most lack mutations in the second assay, indicating no major risk for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Wet testing shows that the inclusion of two SARS-CoV-2 assays in the panels helps to mitigate the effect of mismatches of concern.in silico analysis of available sequences and variants, BIOFIRE RP2.1 Panel, SPOTFIRE R Panel and SPOTFIRE R Panel Mini continue to function as intended with >99.99% detection of SARS-CoV-2 sequences.Based on the comprehensive Eleanor K. Horrocks, bioMerieux: employee|bioMerieux: Stocks/Bonds Toma Todorov, n/a, bioMerieux: employee|bioMerieux: Stocks/Bonds Alexandra Debernardi, n/a, bioMerieux: employee|bioMerieux: Stocks/Bonds Usha Spaulding, n/a, bioMerieux: employee|bioMerieux: Stocks/Bonds Tanner Robinson, n/a, bioMerieux: employee|bioMerieux: Stocks/Bonds Jeremiah Antosch, n/a, bioMerieux: employee|bioMerieux: Stocks/Bonds Zhenmei Lu, n/a, bioMerieux: employee|bioMerieux: Stocks/Bonds Matthew Jones, MS, bioMerieux: employee|bioMerieux: Stocks/Bonds Joann Cloud, PhD, bioMerieux: employee|bioMerieux: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "California has the largest number of active tuberculosis (TB) cases in the US; more than 2 million Californians are estimated to have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and 87% of TB cases in 2021 were attributed to LTBI reactivation. This study in a large California health system assessed missed opportunities for LTBI screening and treatment among patients with active TB.Kaiser Permanente Southern California patients who were \u226518 years with membership for \u226524 months from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2019 were included. Receipt and result of prior LTBI test (tuberculosis skin test or interferon gamma release assay) or LTBI diagnosis code prior to active TB diagnosis was estimated among patients with observed active TB (confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and/or culture). LTBI testing/diagnosis < 60 days before observed active TB diagnosis was considered part of the active TB diagnostic process, and not part of LTBI screening. A range of hypothetical active TB cases prevented through current LTBI screening practices was estimated by multiplying literature supported LTBI reactivation rates by the number of treated LTBI positive patients. These hypothetical cases were categorized to have their first LTBI positive test/diagnosis \u226560 days prior to active TB.A total of 1,289 patients with observed active TB were identified during the study period. Among them, 148 patients had a positive LTBI test/diagnosis and 84 patients had a negative LTBI test \u226560 days before active TB onset. There were 1,057 patients who either never had an LTBI test/diagnosis, or had an LTBI test/diagnosis <60 days before active TB onset who made up 82.0% of observed active TB cases . Adding the maximum estimate for possible prevented cases decreased the percentage of patients with TB who had never been screened for LTBI to 44.9% .Less than a fifth of patients were screened for LTBI prior to their active TB diagnosis during the study period. Even assuming the highest number of cases prevented through current screening, almost 45% of active TB patients were never screened for LTBI. Future work to elucidate gaps in LTBI screening practices and to identify opportunities to improve LTBI screening guidelines are needed.Heidi Fischer, PhD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Lei Qian, PhD, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Katia J. Bruxvoort, PhD, MPH, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Jacek Skarbinski, MD, Genentech: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support Jennifer H. Ku, PhD MPH, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Sara Y. Tartof, PhD MPH, Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|SPERO: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "There remains a need for pre-exposure prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 infection in vulnerable patients in whom response to vaccination is often sub-optimal. The PROTECT-V platform trial is testing pre-exposure prophylactic interventions for COVID-19 in vulnerable patient populations: transplant recipients, individuals with oncological/haematological diagnoses, immune deficiency, autoimmune diseases requiring immunosuppression, and individuals receiving dialysis.Sotrovimab is a dual-action monoclonal antibody and the second agent to be added to the PROTECT-V platform . Although a single sotrovimab 500mg intravenous (IV) dose has been widely used for early treatment, data on a 2000mg IV dose are limited. Tolerability data in the first 143 participants randomized to this arm of the trial are presently available. Patients are randomized 1:1 sotrovimab to placebo. Data remain blinded.Median age was 66 years (range 21 \u2013 86) and 82 (57%) patients were female. 132 (96%) had received \u22653 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Patient populations were: 82 (57%) autoimmune disease; 26 (18%) haematological/oncological diseases; 21 (15%) transplant recipients; 12 (8%) immunodeficiency; 2 (1%) on dialysis.Two (1%) participants experienced a mild infusion related reaction (IRR). The infusion was briefly interrupted, but completed. Thirty (21%) participants experienced at least one symptom in the 24 hours post-infusion, but none were severe or required hospital admission. The most common symptoms were dizziness (7 [5%]), headache (7 [5%]), rigors (5 [4%]) and fever (4 [3%]). No severe adverse events were reported within 72 hours of IMP infusion at the time of writing.The first 55 patients underwent routine hematological and biochemical blood test evaluation 72 hours post-infusion. Ten events from 9 participants exhibited worsening of laboratory parameters, meeting at least grade two DAIDS criteria or worse. None of these were clinically significant.A 2000mg IV dose of sotrovimab was tolerated well in this blinded analysis of immunocompromised participants, with no severe IRRs or significant change in haematological or biochemical markers up to 72 hours post infusion.Davinder Dosanjh, n/a, Astrazeneca: Honoraria|Astrazeneca: Employee|Boehringer Ingelheim: Advisor/Consultant|Boehringer Ingelheim: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Synairgen: Advisor/Consultant Louise Crowley, n/a, GSK: Grant/Research Support Michael Chen-Xu, n/a, GSK: Grant/Research Support Rona M. Smith, MD MRCP, GSK: Grant/Research Support|Union Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Central nervous system (CNS) symptoms are frequent after chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CARTx) and usually attributed to immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing to rule out CNS infection is not routinely performed, although ICANS and viral encephalitis have overlapping presentations. Reports of viral encephalitis after CARTx are increasing, but no cohort studies have been performed to understand its epidemiology.This retrospective cohort study included all adults receiving first CARTx for B-cell malignancies at Fred Hutch Cancer Center from July 2013 to December 2022. We computed the cumulative incidence of CSF testing for viruses within 56 days after CARTx.Figure 1). ICANS was diagnosed in 29 (85.3%) of these 34 patients (ICANS grade \u2265 3 in 14), and 26 patients received immunosuppressive treatment. In the remaining five tested patients, the cause of CNS symptoms was vascular (n=1), CNS progressive disease (n=2), metabolic encephalopathy (n=1) or unknown (n=1). CSF testing practices evolved overtime, and testing was performed more frequently before 2018 ; after 2018, all tested patients had ICANS grade \u2265 3. Four patients had a positive CSF PCR test for EBV (n=3) occurring 8\u201339 days post-CARTx or HHV-6 (n=1) on day 32 post-CARTx. EBV detection in CSF was low-level, of unclear clinical significance, and not treated; all three patients were treated for ICANS. The patient with HHV-6 had low-level detection in CSF and blood; HHV-6 encephalitis was considered, but no antiviral therapy was administered, and symptoms resolved with treatment for ICANS grade 4.626 patients received CARTx during the study period; 552 (88.2%) received CD19 or CD20-targeted CARTx and 74 (11.8%) BCMA-targeted CARTx. Median age was 60.4 (IQR: 50.9\u201367.6) years, 232 (37.1%) identified as female, and 216 (34.5%) received prior hematopoietic cell transplantation. Thirty-four patients had CSF tested for viruses with PCR in the context of CNS symptoms for a cumulative incidence of 5.7%  : Grant/Research Support|Century Therapeutics: Independent Data Review Committee|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Honoraria|Juno Therapeutics (a BMS company): Grant/Research Support|Kite Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Kite Pharma: Honoraria|Legend Biotech: Advisor/Consultant|Legend Biotech: Honoraria|MorphoSys: Advisor/Consultant|MorphoSys: Honoraria|Sobi: Advisor/Consultant|Sobi: Grant/Research Support|Sobi: Honoraria David G. Maloney, MD, PhD, A2 Biotherapeutics: Membership with compensation: member of scientific advisory board|BMS: Advisor/Consultant|BMS: Grant/Research Support|BMS: Honoraria|BMS: Member (compensation): JCAR017 EAP-001 Safety Review Committee, CLL Strategic Council. Without compensation: JCAR017-BCM03 Scientific Steering Committ|Celgene: Advisor/Consultant|Celgene: Grant/Research Support|Celgene: Honoraria|Chimeric Therapeutics: Membership with compensation: member of scientific advisory board|Genentech: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech: Honoraria|Genentech: Membership with compensation: member and chair of the Lymphoma Steering Committee|Gilead Sciences: Membership with compensation: Member Scientific Review Committee, Research Scholars Program in Hematologic Malignancies|ImmPACT Bio: Membership with compensation: Member, Clinical Advisory Board, CD19/CD20 bi-specific CAR-T Cell Therapy Program|Interius: Membership with compensation: member clinical advisory board|Juno Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Juno Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Juno Therapeutics: Honoraria|Juno Therapeutics/BMS: Dr. Maloney has the rights to royalties from Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center for patents licensed to Juno Therapeutics/BMS|Kite: Advisor/Consultant|Kite: Grant/Research Support|Kite: Honoraria|Legend Biotech: Grant/Research Support|Navan Technologies: Membership with compensation: member of scientific advisory board Joshua A. Hill, MD, Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Allovir: Grant/Research Support|Century Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Covance/CSL: Advisor/Consultant|Deverra: Grant/Research Support|Eversana Life Science Services, LLC: Advisor/Consultant|GeoVax: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Karius: Advisor/Consultant|Karius: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna DSMB: Advisor/Consultant|Octapharma AG: Advisor/Consultant|OptumHealth: Advisor/Consultant|Oxford Immunotec: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer (previously Amplyx/Medpace): Advisor/Consultant|Senti BioSciences, Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Grant/Research Support|Up-to-Date: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Candida auris is deemed an urgent threat because it spreads easily in healthcare facilities, can cause severe infections with high mortality rates, and is resistant to antifungal agents. Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, we detected a rise in inpatient C. auris cases. We describe a series of C. auris cases at a tertiary hospital in Washington, DC.Cases of Candida auris by date of initial sample collection, GW Hospital, Washington, DC, March 2020 - April 2023.C. auris between 3/2020-4/2023. Patients transferred from a single long-term care acute hospital (LTACH) with high C. auris prevalence were placed in empiric isolation on admission and screened for C. auris colonization via axilla and groin surveillance swabs. C. auris was identified by MALDI-TOF MS and/or Biofire BCID Panel v2 and strain typing was performed by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Antifungal susceptibility testing (AST) was performed via broth microdilution and interpreted using tentative breakpoints from CDC.We reviewed charts of inpatients with C. auris . 29 patients (71%) were transferred from the LTACH. 29 (71%) patients had either a tracheostomy or gastrostomy tube. 22 (54%) were identified through surveillance culture (21 from the LTACH) and 19 (46%) via clinical culture . 2/32 (6%) patients with C. auris detected initially via non-blood specimens later developed C. auris candidemia. 8/11 (73%) cases of candidemia were CLABSIs. Overall, 8/41 (20%) patients either died or were placed on comfort care during hospitalization. Among 23 isolates available for AST, 22 (96%) were resistant to fluconazole, 15 (65%) to amphotericin B, and 1 (4%) to anidulafungin. Preliminary strain typing suggested grouping of isolates into 2 main clusters denoting distribution into 2 distinct clades; further characterization is undergoing.We identified 41 cases of C. auris infection or colonization died/were placed on comfort care underscores the poor prognosis associated with C. auris. To combat the spread of C. auris, further development of antifungals, rapid diagnostics, and effective infection prevention strategies are needed.The COVID-19 pandemic placed healthcare systems under unprecedented strain which has accelerated the spread of antimicrobial resistant pathogens. The finding that 1 of 5 patients with Tara Palmore, MD, Abbvie: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Rigel: Grant/Research Support Jennifer Dien Bard, PhD, Abbott Molecular: Grant/Research Support|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|BioMerieux: Honoraria|Genetic Signature: Advisor/Consultant|Genetic Signature: Grant/Research Support|Luminex: Grant/Research Support|Salve: Stocks/Bonds|Thermo Fisher: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus species complex (ABC).Difficult to Treat Resistant (DTR) Gram-negative isolates show treatment-limiting resistance to all first-line agents; \u03b2-lactams and fluoroquinolones. Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a siderophore-conjugated cephalosporin with a unique mode of entry into bacteria, showing good activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Here, susceptibility of CFDC and comparator agents was determined against DTR isolates of Enterobacterales, Activity of Cefiderocol and Comparator Agents Against Difficult to Treat Resistance (DTR) Gram-negative IsolatesP. aeruginosa, and 2,479 ABC isolates, collected in 2020\u20132022 in Europe and the USA as part of the SENTRY program, using broth microdilution with cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) for comparator agents and iron-depleted CAMHB for CFDC. Susceptibility was assessed according to CLSI, EUCAST and FDA breakpoints (BPs). DTR was defined as being non-susceptible, using CLSI BPs, to fluoroquinolones and \u03b2-lactams, except for CFDC and \u03b2-lactam/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) combinations.Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined according to CLSI guidelines against 24,084 Enterobacterales, 7,310 K. pneumoniae . The isolates showed high susceptibility to CFDC . Comparator agents, including novel BL/BLI combinations, showed susceptibility of < 80%, except for tigecycline . For P. aeruginosa 4.1% (n=299) showed the DTR phenotype, of which 98.3%, 97.7%, and 89.6% were susceptible to CFDC, according to CLSI, EUCAST and FDA BPs respectively. Colistin was also active  whereas other agents, including novel BL/BLI combinations, had susceptibility of < 65%. Amongst ABC, 47.1% (n=1167) showed the DTR phenotype, and 96.2%, 93.8%, and 89% were susceptible to CFDC according to CLSI, EUCAST and FDA BPs, respectively. Susceptibility to comparator agents was < 40%, except for colistin .1.6% (n=387) of the Enterobacterales isolates showed the DTR phenotype, the majority being DTR isolates remained susceptible to CFDC, indicative of a low degree of cross resistance with \u03b2-lactams, including BL/BLI combinations, and fluoroquinolones.Boudewijn L. DeJonge, PhD, Shionogi Inc.: Employee Sean T. Nguyen, PharmD, Shionogi: Employee|Shionogi, Inc: Employee Jason J. Bryowsky, PharmD, MS, Shionogi Inc.: Employee Christopher M. Longshaw, PhD, Shionogi BV: Employee Joshua Maher, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Affinity Biosensors: Grant/Research Support|AimMax Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Alterity Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Amicrobe, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Arietis Pharma: Grant/Research Support|Armata Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Astrellas Pharma, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica AG: Grant/Research Support|Becton Dickinson And Company: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Boost Biomes: Grant/Research Support|Diamond V: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics plc: Grant/Research Support|Johnson & Johnson: Grant/Research Support|Kaleido Biosciences, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co. Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|National Institutes of Health: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Roche Holding AG: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Summmit Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Zoetis Inc: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Miki Takemura, n/a, Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Stocks/Bonds Yoshinori Yamano, PhD, Shionogi HQ: Employee"}
{"text": "Mucormycosis is a fatal fungal infection, and there is limited information on its epidemiology and treatment practices, including the optimal dosage of liposomal amphotericin B.A retrospective nationwide analysis of 82 proven and probable cases of mucormycosis was performed. Cases were collected from 51 hospitals in Japan by hematologists and infectious disease specialists. Variables included annual incidence, site of infection, Mucorales genera, and patient and treatment characteristics. Comparison was made between patients who survived and those who died. Comparative analysis was performed between patients who received a liposomal amphotericin B dose of 5 mg/kg and those who received a dose of >5 mg/kg. Categorical variables were tested for differences using Fisher's exact test or \u03c7-squared test. The association between liposomal amphotericin B dose and prognosis was evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences were tested using the log-rank test. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to control for confounding.The lung was the most commonly involved organ (70.7%), and 35.4% of cases were disseminated. Rhizopus spp., Cunninghamella spp., and Mucor spp. were the most common organisms. No significant differences in infected organs or distribution of Mucorales were observed between the survival and death groups. Longer duration of neutropenia was more common among deaths (p = 0.007). Mortality within 120 days was 54.2%. More cases in the survival group started liposomal amphotericin B before confirmed diagnosis (p = 0.028). Survival did not differ between patients receiving liposomal amphotericin B at 5 mg/kg and those receiving >5 mg/kg (p=0.873). Using Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for confounders, such as age ( >65 years), prolonged neutropenia, and resection of infected lesions, the hazard ratio for the effect of >5 mg/kg liposomal amphotericin B on 120-day prognosis was 0.93  compared with 5 mg/kg.This study provides important insights into the precise epidemiology and treatment practices of mucormycosis among hematologists and infectious disease specialists. There was no difference in prognosis between the 5 mg/kg and >5 mg/kg liposomal amphotericin B groups.Masato Tashiro, MD, PhD, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation: Advisor/Consultant|Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation: Honoraria|Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.: Honoraria Hiroshi Kakeya, MD, PhD, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation: Honoraria|Merck Sharp & Dohme: Honoraria|Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.: Honoraria Hiroshige Mikamo, M.D, Ph.D, Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation: Grant/Research Support|Merck Sharp & Dohme: Honoraria|Pfizer Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer R&D Japan: Honoraria|Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.: Honoraria Kazutoshi Shibuya, M.D., Ph.D., Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support Koichi Izumikawa, M.D., Ph.D., Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation: Grant/Research Support|Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation: Honoraria|Astellas Pharma Inc.: Honoraria|DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY, LIMITED: Grant/Research Support|DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY, LIMITED: Honoraria|KYORIN Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.: Honoraria|Merck & Co., Inc.: Honoraria|Pfizer Japan Inc.: Honoraria|Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi & Co., Ltd.: Honoraria|Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.: Honoraria|TAIHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO., LTD.: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Mirai So. The publisher apologizes for the error. The correct citation is: Ochi S, So M, Hashimoto S, Hashimoto Y, Sekizawa Y (2023) Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on exercise habits and overweight status in Japan: A nation-wide panel survey. PLOS Glob Public Health 3(7): e0001732."}
{"text": "The 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20), developed to expand protection against pneumococcal disease, is approved for adults in several countries and for pediatric use in the United States. Tolerability and safety data from PCV20 pediatric studies are described.Five randomized studies in infants  assessing the safety of PCV20 relative to 13-valent PCV (PCV13) receiving a 3- or 4-dose series (2 or 3 primary series doses and a toddler dose) were conducted in North America, Europe, South America, and Japan. Study vaccines were given intramuscularly in all studies except in Japan, where a subcutaneous (SQ) route was also evaluated. A single-arm Phase 3 study of 1 PCV20 dose was performed in US children 15 months to 17 years old; children < 5 years old had received \u2265 3 doses of PCV13. All studies assessed local reactions and systemic events within 7 days of vaccination. Adverse events (AEs) were collected through 1 month after the primary series (infant studies) and 1 month after the toddler or single vaccine dose. Serious AEs (SAEs) were collected throughout study participation.The safety population across 6 studies totaled 6654 participants; 3276 infants and 831 children received PCV20 and 2547 infants received PCV13. Overall, the most common local reaction was injection site pain, except in the infant study in Japan, where redness was most common, particularly in SQ groups. In the infant studies, the most common systemic events were irritability and drowsiness. The most common systemic events in older children were fatigue (\u2265 2- to < 5-year-old age group) and muscle pain (\u2265 5- to \u2264 17-year-old age group). Fever > 40\u00b0C was uncommon . AE and SAE rates were similar to the PCV13 group in the infant studies and low in the study in children. Events were consistent with illnesses and medical conditions that may occur in pediatric populations.In 6 studies conducted globally, PCV20 was safe and well tolerated in infants and children through 17 years of age. The PCV20 tolerability and safety profile was similar to PCV13 controls in infant studies and consistent with PCV13 studies in children.FUNDING BY PFIZER INCLaurence Flint, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Kathleen McElwee, MD, MDH, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds G. Laissa Ouedraogo, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Noor Tamimi, MD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Mary J. Kline, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Kimberly J. Center, M.D, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Allison Thompson, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Richard de Solom, MBBS, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Masako Yamaji, MS, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds James Trammel, MS, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Lanyu Lei, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Yahong Peng, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds William C. Gruber, MD, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Daniel Scott, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Wendy Watson, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "The US has experienced a significant decrease in CLABSI rates over time but is stalling. NHSN has rigid definitions for secondary BSI attribution. We reviewed CLABSIs in a large tertiary acute care hospital to determine the frequency and trends of potential misattribution.We reviewed 282 CLABSIs cases from 2019 to 2023 at a large tertiary hospital. A team of infection preventionists with high inter-rate reliability adjudicated each case strictly following NHSN methodology. A clinical review was performed by two hospital ID-trained epidemiologists to explore misattributed with an alternative primary infection.Of 282 CLABSI cases, 65% occurred in adults and 35% in children. 122 cases (43%) had a potential primary infection. The potential primary infections included: 33 (27%) pneumonia, 28 (23%) gastrointestinal infections, 6 (5%) urinary infections, 4 (3%) surgical infections, 13 (11%) skin and soft tissue infections, 11 (9%) vascular infections, 5 (4%) bacterial translocation, 8 (6.5%) infections that were present on admission, 4 (3%) CNS infections, 2 (1.6%) NEC infections, 2 (1.6%) musculoskeletal, 2 (1.6%) contaminates and 4 (3%) other non-NHSN specified sites. Pneumonia was the most frequent misattribution failing to meet imaging, laboratory, or documentation requirements within the infection window period (IWP). Intra-abdominal infection was the second most frequent cause of misattribution due to not meeting the imaging or matching site culture within the IWP. For the other categories, the most frequent reasons for not meeting the primary criteria included lack of matching culture, lack of clinical symptoms (often in intubated patients), or in the endocarditis category, the complexity of the criteria even with positive blood cultures and presence of vegetations. The graph shows an increasing proportion of misclassification over time.Percent of Misattributed CLABSI by Fiscal YearNHSN definitions and rules are becoming too prescriptive and may no longer be applicable to the complexity of cases, overestimating CLABSIs. As hospitals commit to CLABSI reduction, accurate and specific definitions are key in focusing efforts and attention and avoiding unfair penalties.Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, MD, FACP, FIDSA, FSHEA, FECMM, CMQ, Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Pulmocide: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|T2 Biosystems: Grant/Research Support|Viracor: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Whether pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) target attainment for meropenem measured in plasma is a clinically reliable surrogate for target attainment in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) in pneumonia is unclear. The objective of the current study was to characterize target attainment in plasma and ELF using prospectively collected samples and to define predictors of optimal target attainment.vs. PK/PD goals of 100% T>1xMIC and 100% T>4xMIC for a susceptible MIC of 2 mg/L.Individual Bayesian meropenem plasma and ELF profiles were generated using Pmetrics for the first 24 hours of treatment. First 24-hr PK/PD target attainment was evaluated plasma, and VELF estimates were 6.2 L/hr, 45.7, and 28.3 L. For the 100% T>4xMIC goal the following target attainment groups were identified: optimal (\u226595%) in plasma and ELF , near-optimal ( >50% and < 95%) in both plasma and ELF , suboptimal (< 50%) in ELF only , suboptimal (< 50%) in plasma only , and suboptimal (< 50%) in both ELF and plasma . Loading doses significantly improved the likelihood of optimal vs. suboptimal target attainment in ELF and plasma  but did not reliably discriminate other groups.Sixty-seven patients contributed ELF and plasma PK data (range: 1-3 samples/patient for each matrix). Mean population CL, VIndividual observed meropenem (ordinate) and model predicted meropenem (abscissa) concentrations in plasma (A) and ELF (B) in patients with pneumonia.Optimal target attainment was achieved in only 40% of patients while nearly 20% of patients had suboptimal attainment in both plasma and ELF. Use of plasma as a surrogate for ELF would miss up to 20% of patients with suboptimal ELF attainment, suggesting that therapeutic monitoring of ELF may be required in some patients to optimize PK/PD attainment.Marc H. Scheetz, PharmD, MSc, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|ASHP: Honoraria|Chambless, Higdon, Richardson, Katz & Griggs, LLP: Expert Testimony|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Guidepoint Global: Honoraria|Hall, Booth, Smith, P.C.: Expert Testimony|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Reminger Co., L.P.A: Expert Testimony|Spero: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Taylor, English, Duma, LLP: Expert Testimony|Third Pole Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant Michael N. Neely, MD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication Richard G. Wunderink, MD, bioMerieux: Honoraria|Kariius: Clinical Evaluation Committee|LaJolla: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer, Inc: Clinical Evaluation Committee|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant Nathaniel J. Rhodes, PharmD MS, Third Pole Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Lenacapavir (LEN) is currently approved for multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection in combination with other antiretrovirals for heavily treatment-experienced individuals. Mean trough concentrations >15.5 ng/mL, which is the inhibitory quotient-4  are associated with high rates of HIV-1 suppression. LEN dosing regimens consist of a subcutaneous (SC) 927 mg injection (2 x 1.5 mL) every 6 months along with oral loading. With SC injections, it is common practice to rotate injection sites (within the same or at a different body site) to mitigate injection site reactions while also providing flexibility in dosing. However, SC LEN is approved to be administered in the abdomen only. This study investigated the impact of alternate injection sites on the pharmacokinetics (PK) and safety/tolerability of SC LEN.This was a Phase 1, open-label, parallel design, single dose, multicohort study in healthy participants. Participants were enrolled into a thigh (TH), upper arm (UA), or abdomen (AB) cohort (N=10 per cohort) and received a single approved SC dose of 927 mg. Plasma PK samples were collected on Day 1 over 0\u2013216 hours post dose, followed by a weekly or biweekly sample over Days 15\u2013210, then monthly until Day 270 and were analyzed for LEN using validated bioanalytical methods. PK of LEN was characterized by noncompartmental analysis, and LEN plasma exposures in the TH and UA cohorts were descriptively compared to AB as the reference.max and AUCtau (tau = 6 months) were similar between TH vs AB . For UA, mean Cmax (86.0 [56%] ng/mL) and AUCtau (7760 [42%] days*ng/mL) were higher than AB by 42% and 22% respectively, which were not considered clinically significant. Mean Ctau [CV%] for TH, UA, and AB were higher than IQ4 . SC LEN was well-tolerated in TH, UA, and AB with no serious adverse events.Mean [CV%] Ctau exceeding the efficacy target of IQ4. This study supports TH and UA as potential alternate administration sites for SC LEN in future studies.TH and UA cohorts achieved similar or higher overall exposures compared to the reference AB, with mean CAllen K. Lat, PharmD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Grant/Research Support Aryun Kim, PharmD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Company employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Haeyoung Zhang, PharmD, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Stephen Lin, BA, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc: Stocks/Bonds|Biodexa Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds|Clearside Biomedical: Stocks/Bonds|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Company employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Eva Mortensen, MD, MS, Ascendis: Stocks/Bonds|Johnson and Johnson: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Stocks/Bonds|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds|Novartis: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Teva: Stocks/Bonds Ramesh Palaparthy, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Renu Singh, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Employee|Gilead Sciences, Inc: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Enterobacterales with significant AmpC production due to concerns for inducible resistance. We aimed to determine if dose-optimized TZP is as effective for bloodstream infections (BSI), and to establish rates of tx-emergent resistance in an era of \u03b2-lactam (BL) dose optimization.Cefepime (FEP) and carbapenems (CB) are preferred over piperacillin-tazobactam (TZP) for treatment (tx) of E. cloacae, K. aerogenes and C. freundii from 2017 to 2022 at two hospitals were included. We excluded patients surviving < 48 hours or if polymicrobial BSI due to a Gram-negative organism resistant to BLs. Primary outcome was 30-day success, defined as survival, clinical improvement, completion of definitive tx and absence of recurrent infection. Development of resistance was assessed over 90 days.Patients with BSI due to Table 1). Median (IQR) time to in-vitro active tx was 7.6 (1.4-20.7) hours. 48%, 30%, and 11% of patients received TZP, FEP, and CB as empiric tx, respectively. By comparison, 15%, 47%, and 22% received TZP, FEP, and CB as definitive tx, respectively (n=344). Patients tx\u2019d with definitive CB were more likely to receive inactive empiric tx (p=0.0004) and have complicated BSI (p=0.015). Dose optimization was more common for TZP than FEP or CB (p=0.02). Early clinical failure was more common for CB than other agents, but similar for TZP and FEP (Table 2). 30-day clinical success rates ranged 58-85%, were lower for patients tx\u2019d with CB , and comparable for TZP and FEP (p=0.25). By empiric tx, there were no differences in early clinical failures, microbiologic relapse, 30-day success, or all-cause mortality between patients tx\u2019d with TZP or FEP (Table 3). Overall, 226, 279, and 117 patients received TZP, FEP, and CB as empiric or definitive tx. Corresponding rates of resistance development within 90 days were 2%, 1%, and 3%, respectively.429 patients were identified; 362 met inclusion criteria. The median age was 65 years, 61% were male and median Pitt Bacteremia score was 2 (Results Table 1. Patient demographics, severity of illness, infection and treatment characteristics based on definitive therapyResults Table 2Results Table 3Definitive tx with dose-optimized TZP did not lead to worse clinical or microbiologic outcomes compared to FEP, CB and FQ. There were no cases of tx-emergent resistance among patients who received TZP as definitive tx, and overall rates of resistance development were low.Ryan K. Shields, PharmD, MS, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Utility: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria for IE were recently introduced to improve classification of IE for research and clinical purposes (Table 1). We compared the diagnostic accuracy of the new criteria with the 2000 modified Duke criteria, the 2015 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) criteria and a clinically adjudicated reference standard by a panel of international experts on IE.The study population consisted of consecutively enrolled patients suspected to have IE and discussed by the IE team of the Amsterdam University Medical Center (AMC) between October 2016 and March 2021. A panel of international experts on IE assigned a final diagnosis, which served as the reference standard. We compared the definite classification of the 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria against this reference standard. We also evaluated accuracy of the new criteria, excluding data obtained from cardiac surgery and pathology . Lastly, we quantified the added value of the proposed changes to the criteria, and compared the 2023 Duke-ISCVID to previous criteria using the McNemar test. We performed sensitivity analyses in patients who underwent cardiac surgery and patients who underwent TEE.595 patients with suspected IE were included, of whom 399 (67%) were adjudicated as having IE. 111 patients (19%) had prosthetic valve IE, 48 (8%) had cardiac implantable electronic device IE. The 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria were more sensitive than the modified Duke or ESC criteria  without significant loss of specificity (Table 2). After excluding cardiac surgery/pathology results, the 2023 Duke-ISCVID Clinical Criteria also had significantly better sensitivity than the modified Duke and ESC criteria, again without losing specificity. The changes in the 'major microbiological' and 'imaging' criteria had the most impact . Findings were robust in sensitivity analyses (Table 3). When classifying \u2018definite\u2019 and \u2018possible\u2019 IE as a positive test, the 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria had 99% sensitivity compared to the reference standard, but specificity decreased to 21%.Sensitivity and specificity are against the reference standard (adjudication panel). The Clinical Criteria classification is the Duke-ISCVID classification when results from surgery or post-mortem studies are not used to determine classification.In the Definite + Possible analysis, patients with possible IE according to the Duke-ISCVID criteria were also considered as having IE. All comparisons are against the reference standard (adjudication panel).In this cohort, the 2023 Duke-ISCVID criteria represent a significant advance in the diagnostic classification of patients suspected of IE.Added value of new Duke-ISCVID criteria compared to modified Duke criteriaEach point  provides the diagnostic accuracy measure for the 2000 modified Duke Criteria with addition of a specific change from the Duke-ISCVID criteria. The horizontal bars represent the 95% confidence interval for the point estimate. The top points represent the modified Duke criteria without addition, the bottom points are the complete Duke-ISCVID criteria.Larry M. Baddour, MD, Boston Scientific: Advisor/Consultant|Roivant Sciences: Advisor/Consultant Arnold S. Bayer, MD, Akagera Medicines: Grant/Research Support|ContraFect Corporation: Grant/Research Support Emanuele Durante Mangoni, MD,, PhD, Advanz pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Advanz pharma: Grant/Research Support|Advanz pharma: Honoraria|Angelini: Grant/Research Support|Angelini: Honoraria|Genentech: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech: Board Member|Genentech: Honoraria|Infectopharm: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Board Member|Menarini: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Board Member|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Board Member|Roche: Honoraria Thomas L. Holland, MD, Aridis: Advisor/Consultant|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Advisor/Consultant|Karius: Advisor/Consultant|Lysovant: Advisor/Consultant Adolf W. Karchmer, MD, Karius: Grant/Research Support|Up To Date: Honoraria Vance G. Fowler, MD, MHS, Amphliphi Biosciences, Integrated Biotherapeutics; C3J, Armata, Valanbio; Akagera, Aridis, Roche, Astra Zeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech, Regeneron, Deep Blue, Basilea, Janssen;: Grant/Research Support|Infectious Diseases Society of America: Honoraria|MedImmune, Allergan, Pfizer, Advanced Liquid Logics, Theravance, Novartis, Merck; Medical Biosurfaces; Locus; Affinergy; Contrafect; Karius;: Grant/Research Support|Novartis, Debiopharm, Genentech, Achaogen, Affinium, Medicines Co., MedImmune, Bayer, Basilea, Affinergy, Janssen, Contrafect, Regeneron, Destiny,: Advisor/Consultant|Sepsis diagnostic: Patent pending|UpToDate: Royalties|Valanbio and ArcBio: Stock Options"}
{"text": "Humoral immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients have not been well characterized. We measured RSV pre-fusion F antibody (RSVpreF) titers in HCT recipients in 3 groups: upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) only, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) only, and those who progressed from URTI to LRTIs (progressors).10 RSVpreF titers among groups using linear mixed effect models with restricted cubic splines.We evaluated adult and pediatric allogeneic HCT recipients who acquired RSV from 12/2011 to 12/2019. Prospective and leftover clinical serum specimens were collected from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center. Samples included baseline prior to infection, at RSV URTI or LRTI diagnosis, and after infection (both 4-6 and >8 weeks). Quantitative RSVpreF titers were determined using the MesoScale Discovery electrochemiluminescence assay. We compared longitudinal logA total of 129 samples from 39 patients were analyzed; 24 with URTI only, 8 progressors, and 7 with LRTI only. The median age at infection was 45 years, but HCT recipients with LRTI only had an overall higher median age of 54 (range 23-63) (Table 1). Most had acute leukemia  and received peripheral blood stem cells  as their cell source (Table 1). Median RSVpreF values were similar across the 3 different groups at each timepoint (Table 2). Trajectories of RSVpreF titers over time for each patient trended towards an increase following RSV diagnosis in all groups . Predicted curves in RSVpreF titers over time did not differ significantly by group .(A) RSVpreF titers for allogeneic HCT recipients with RSV infection. Each line represents a patient. The top panel shows patients with RSV URTI only, the middle panel shows patients who progressed from URTI to LRTI, and the bottom panel shows patients who presented with RSV LRTI. Open circles represent time points prior to RSV diagnosis, filled circles represent time points just prior to, on or after URTI, and asterisks represent time points just prior to, on, or after LRTI. (B) RSVpreF titers plotted by days from RSV diagnosis. Open circles represent observed values and lines represent model predicted trajectories. Black circles and lines correspond to patients with RSV URTI only, blue corresponds to patients who progressed from RSV URTI to LRTI, and dark orange represents patient who presented with RSV LRTI at diagnosis. An outlying observation at day -53 was excluded.Among allogeneic HCT recipients with RSV infection, RSVpreF titers increased in response to RSV infection, but did not differ among patients with URTI only, progressors, or those with LRTI only across pre and post infection time points. Our novel immunoassay results are similar to those from previously described RSV neutralization assays, but extended the observation period beyond 4 weeks after infection, revealing a modest increase in RSVpreF titers. Further characterization of RSV humoral immunity, including mucosal immunity, is needed.chikara Ogimi, MD, bioMerieux Japan Ltd.: Honoraria|Horiba: Honoraria|Pfizer: Honoraria Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Emily T. Martin, PhD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support Michael J. Boeckh, MD PhD, Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Amazon: Grant/Research Support|Ansun: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant Alpana Waghmare, MD, Allovir: Grant/Research Support|Amazon: Grant/Research Support|Ansun Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoKlineSmith/Vir: Grant/Research Support|Kyorin Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Vir Biotechnology: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "The 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20) was developed to expand protection against pneumococcal disease. PCV20 contains conjugates for serotype 6A, which is also in 13-valent PCV (PCV13) and appears to have had a clinical impact on 6C disease, and the additional serotype 15B. An exploratory assessment of cross-reactive functional antibodies to serotypes 6C and 15C elicited by PCV20 in two phase 3 infant studies is described.Two randomized phase 3 studies evaluated immunogenicity and safety of PCV20 relative to PCV13 in infants receiving a 4-dose series  or a 3-dose series . In each study, immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) titers to serotypes 6C and 15C were measured in a randomly selected subset of infants 1 month after the infant doses, and before and 1 month after the toddler dose. IgG geometric mean concentrations, OPA geometric mean titers (GMTs), and percentage of participants with predefined IgG concentrations, and OPA titers greater than or equal to the lower limit of quantitation were calculated with 95% confidence intervals.PCV20 elicited IgG and OPA responses to serotype 6C that were generally similar for most endpoints to PCV13 after the 3 infant and toddler doses in the 4-dose series study and after the toddler dose in the 3-dose series study. PCV20 also elicited both IgG and OPA responses to 15C after the infant and toddler doses that were well differentiated from the PCV13 group in both studies. After the toddler dose, OPA GMTs to serotype 6C in the PCV20 and PCV13 groups were 422 and 995, respectively, following a 3-dose series, and 824 and 1090 following a 4-dose series. OPA GMTs to serotype 15C were 67 and 38 and 117 and 38 at the same timepoint in the PCV20 and PCV13 groups, respectively.PCV20 elicits cross-reactive IgG and cross-functional OPA responses to serotypes 6C and 15C. The responses to serotype 6C after PCV20 are generally similar to those of PCV13. The epidemiology of disease due to the vaccine-type and vaccine-related serotypes will be monitored after introduction of PCV20 into infant immunization programs.Funded by Pfizer IncNoor Tamimi, MD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Mary J. Kline, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Kimberly J. Center, M.D., Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Allison Thompson, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Gary Baugher, PharmD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Jelena Drozd, MS, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Ingrid L. Scully, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Peter Giardina, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds James Trammel, MS, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Lanyu Lei, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Yahong Peng, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Daniel Scott, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds William C. Gruber, MD, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Wendy Watson, MD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Pneumonia is the most common indication for antibiotics in the ICU. Better diagnostic tools are needed to target therapy. We evaluated the impact of the BIOFIRE Pneumonia Panel (PNP) coupled with aggressive stewardship interventions in the ICU.The PNP was implemented 5/2020 with interpretation guidance, provider education, and intermittent stewardship feedback. From 2/21 to 7/21 (Intervention) stewardship personnel reviewed all ICU PNP and provided structured feedback. We compared this group to patients with a respiratory tract culture in the ICU 9/19-2/20 (Control). We evaluated only first PNP/culture and excluded age < 19 years and expired < 24 hours after PNP/culture. Antibiotic use for 7 days after PNP/culture was compared between groups with time to de-escalation as the primary outcome. Times were measured from PNP/culture collection.Table 1). PNP results were available 4 hours after collection and positive in 56.9% (culture positive 38.3%) with the most common pathogens detected being S. aureus , H. influnezae (32), respiratory viruses (30), and P. aeruginosa (24). Use of urine antigens and respiratory pathogen panel testing was less common in the Intervention group (Table 1) while stewardship interventions were more common (82% vs. 13%) and occurred 23 hours earlier (Table 2). Intervention period antibiotic de-escalation occurred 18 hours earlier (P< 0.0001) and time to stopping anti-MRSA and anti-Pseudomonal therapy was shorter . Median antibiotic days were decreased  and days of vancomycin, metronidazole, azithromycin, and Anti-Pseudomonal therapy significantly decreased during the intervention.A total of 313 intervention patients and 315 controls were compared with differences noted in ICU location and LOS, COVID detection, specimen type, and mortality (PNP detected more pathogens and when coupled with an aggressive stewardship intervention resulted in faster pathogen detection, decreased urine antigen testing, faster de-escalation of antibiotics, and less antibiotic use. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were different between the groups which may be due to differences in the populations including the presence of COVID.Trevor C. Van Schooneveld, MD, FSHEA, FACP, AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Biomeriuex: Advisor/Consultant|Biomeriuex: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: Grant/Research Support|Thermo-Fischer: Honoraria Scott J. Bergman, PharmD, bioMerieux, Inc.: Honoraria Erica J. Stohs, MD, MPH, bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of severe lower respiratory tract illness in older adults. RSV and influenza are both typically seasonal diseases, with peaks during winter in temperate climates. Annual vaccination with high-dose or adjuvanted influenza vaccine formulations is recommended to prevent influenza illness in older adults. Therefore, in a Phase 3 study in older adults, the safety and immunogenicity of coadministration of Pfizer\u2019s investigational bivalent, stabilized RSV prefusion F subunit vaccine (RSVpreF) and adjuvanted quadrivalent seasonal inactivated influenza vaccine (SIIV) was compared with SIIV alone or RSVpreF alone.The primary immunogenicity objective of this Phase 3, 1:1 randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with 1471 healthy adults \u226565 years of age in Australia was to demonstrate noninferiority of coadministration of RSVpreF 120 \u00b5g with SIIV compared with sequential administration of SIIV followed by RSVpreF one month later, using a 1.5-fold equivalence margin.The safety profile of coadministration of RSVpreF with SIIV was evaluated by collection of reactogenicity and adverse events.Study Design SchemaA total of 1403 participants were randomized, with 1399 participants who received vaccination at a median age of 70 years (range 65-91 years) included in the safety population. Local reactions and systemic events were mostly mild or moderate when RSVpreF was coadministered with SIIV. There were no vaccine related serious adverse events reported.The primary immunogenicity objective was met. The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) ranged from 0.85 to 0.86 for RSVpreF and 0.77 to 0.90 for SIIV, for RSV neutralizing titers and strain-specific hemagglutination inhibition assay (HAI) titers at 1 month after vaccination, achieving the 1.5-fold prespecified non-inferiority margin (lower bound CI > 0.667).Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) Ratios for RSV Neutralizing Titers (NT) and Influenza HAI titers with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI)The primary objectives of the study were met demonstrating noninferiority of the RSVpreF and SIIV immune responses when RSVpreF was coadministered with SIIV, and that RSVpreF had an acceptable safety profile when coadministered with SIIV. The results of this study support the coadministration of RSVpreF and SIIV in an older adult population.James A. Baber, MBChB, MPH, Pfizer: Salary|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Karen Quan, BSc, MBBS, DPM, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Anna Jaques, MPH, Pfizer: Salary|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Qin Jiang, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Wen Li, PhD, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds David Cooper, PhD, Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Mark W. Cutler, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Elena Kalinina, PhD, Pfizer: Pfizer employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Annaliesa S. Anderson, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Kena A. Swanson, Ph.D., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds William C. Gruber, MD, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Alejandra C. Gurtman, M.D, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Beate Schmoele-Thoma, MD, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "SMARCB1 (95%) or SMARCA4 (5%) genes [ASCL1, with additional sub-entities recently reported), TYR , and MYC (overexpressing MYC and HOXC clusters). These subgroups seem to be associated with distinct genetic and clinical features [Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors (AT/RT) are malignant pediatric tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS) and are molecularly characterized by a biallelic alteration of the features  but theiSMARCB1-deficient) to evaluate the sensitivity/specificity of various combinations of immunohistochemical (IHC) markers to predict the molecular subgrouping. Using previously reported results and in-house datasets [https://www.molecularneuropathology.org/mnp/). Consistently, 42/51 were assigned to a subgroup of AT/RT with a calibrated score (\u2265\u20090.9) . The nine remaining cases were classified as AT/RT-TYR (n\u2009=\u20094), AT/RT-MYC (n\u2009=\u20094), and control tissue (n\u2009=\u20091) but with a low calibrated score and were thus excluded from subsequent analyses. Their overall distribution within subgroups is depicted by the specificity of t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) analysis , ASCL1 was excluded from our analyses. Next, nineteen different combinations of five different antibodies were tested to evaluate the accuracy of AT/RT subgrouping using the IHC markers we selected ; AT/RT, SHH , AT/RT, TYR , CNS NB, FOXR2 , CNS tumor, BCOR ITD ; CTRL, HEMI ; ETMR, C19MC ; ETMR, DICER1 ; MB, non-WNT/ non-SHH ; MB, SHH ; MB, WNT . Cohort cases are designated by their numberSupplementary Material 1: Fig. S1. t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) analysis of the DNA methylation profiles of the 51 investigated tumors alongside selected reference samples of the DKFZ classifier (v12.5). Reference DNA methylation classes: AT/RT, Supplementary Material 2: Fig. S2. Additional immunohistochemical results.A: Comparison of results for molecular subtyping using nineteen different immunohistochemical panels . NEC: Not Elsewhere Classified. *designate the panels with the highest accuracy for subtyping. B: Discrepant cases with immunohistochemical findings (magnification x400). Black scale bars represent 50\u00a0\u03bcmSupplementary Material 3: Detailed data of the cohort and synthesis"}
{"text": "Empiric antibiotic selection in outpatient care often relies on inpatient antibiograms which may not accurately reflect ambulatory susceptibility rates. To address this, Novant Health (NH) and Labcorp analyzed urine culture results from North Carolina (NC) to create an ambulatory antibiogram and assess temporal and regional differences.Cross-sectional study of urine culture data collected 1/1/20-12/31/21 from ambulatory sites in NC. Testing and antibiogram preparation were performed at Labcorp  based on CLSI guidelines (M100 S28). Pediatric and adult data were compiled separately. NH and state-wide data were analyzed using the chi-square or Fisher exact test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.Escherichia coli was the most common isolate for NH  and state-wide . E. coli was \u2265 80% susceptible to all tested antibiotics except ampicillin; Klebsiella pneumoniae was \u2265 80% susceptible to all except nitrofurantoin; and Proteus mirabilis/penneri was \u2265 80% susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Susceptibility rates were similar between NH and state-wide data except for lower susceptibility to ceftriaxone . Compared to 2020, state-wide adult E. coli isolates from 2021 had increased susceptibility for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (86% vs 85%), ampicillin (60% vs 59%), cephalosporins (84-93% vs 82-92%), and quinolones (87% vs 86%) . NH isolates did not show significant changes. Susceptibility rates by region were similar, except for lower susceptibility to cefuroxime among adult E. coli isolates in the Triad region relative to state-wide . No significant temporal or regional differences in susceptibility were observed for K. pneumoniae, Proteus spp., P. aeruginosa, and among pediatric samples.In 2021, Susceptibility data were largely similar in NH vs. state-wide data, and between regions. Small but statistically significant temporal changes were found in state-wide data. Overall, our results support use of a state-wide antibiogram to inform treatment choices across all regions and within specific healthcare systems.Dusica Curanovic, PhD, Labcorp: employed by labcorp during study|Labcorp: Stocks/Bonds Chris Garcia, MD, Labcorp: Prior employee|Labcorp: Stocks/Bonds Catherine Wright, PhD, Labcorp: Employee|Labcorp: Stocks/Bonds Rita Stainback, MS, MT (ASCP) SM, DLM, Labcorp: Employee|Labcorp: Stocks/Bonds Melissa Martin, BS, Labcorp: Employee Samia Naccache, PhD, D(ABMM), Labcorp: Employee|Labcorp: Stocks/Bonds Kristen Smith, PhD, bioMerieux: Employee|Labcorp: Stocks/Bonds Howard Engler, PhD, D(ABMM), Labcorp: Employee|Labcorp: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Nursing (2022) 21:37510.1186/s12912-022-01165-wFollowing publication of the original article , the autThe original author names were:2, Negesu Gizaw Demssie3Zewdu BayeTezeraThe correct author names are:2, Negesu Gizaw Demissie3Zewdu Baye TezeraThe correct author names have been provided in this Correction. The original article  has been"}
{"text": "HSV reactivation (HSVr) is frequent in HM and SOM patients while oropharyngeal/ mucocutaneous infections (OP-MCI) and especially HSV pneumonitis (HSVP) are uncommon. BALF-HSV-PCR can identify shedding or disease, however, may result in inappropriate high dose antiviral usage in non-HSVP situations. We report a cohort of patients with positive BALF-HSV-PCR, its impact on antiviral usage and role of IDC on antiviral use.Retrospective chart review of BALF-HSV-PCR positive patients who had IDC between 1/1/2018 and 8/31/2022. Exclusion criteria: No chest imaging (CT scan or chest X-ray imaging within \u00b17 days of positive test) and no malignancy. Data collection: demographics, laboratory and clinical findings, and antiviral medication dosing before and after each positive BALF-HSV-PCR preceding the IDC. Clinical diagnosis and treatment of HSVP versus non-HSVP was based on IDC. Kruskal-Wallis tests was used for continuous variables and Fisher\u2019s exact test for categorical variables, and p-values reported were 2-sided at significance level of 0.05.One-hundred-nine patients met inclusion criteria. Nineteen (17.4%) had HSVP, 90 (82.6%) non-HSVP. In non-HSVP; 83 (92%) had oropharyngeal shedding (HM >SOM), 6 (6%) OP-MCI and 1 (1%) immunotherapy related pneumonitis (IrP). Tables 1-3 provide details on demographics and baseline characteristics, antiviral use, and statistical analysis. HSV shedding/ disease (HSVP and OP-MCI) was more common in HM patients. All HSVP patients received high dose antiviral agents. Of ninety patients determined as non-HSVP, 42% were overtreated with antivirals with a positive test that preceded IDC. Positive PCR led to change in antiviral dose (p < 0.05) with highly significant impact on the dose of acyclovir used (prophylaxis vs. OP-MCI vs. HSPV doses) (p< 0.0001). IDC led to modification of HSVP dosing to either prophylaxis or complete discontinuation in 84.2% of patients (p=0.008).BALF-HSV-PCR positive test without HSVP led to overtreatment in both HM and SOM patients that is preventable by IDC, underscoring its value in antiviral stewardship. Diagnostic stewardship can further limit inappropriate use of antivirals.Randy Taplitz, MD, Karius: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|SNIPR biome: Advisor/Consultant Sanjeet S. Dadwal, MD, FACP, FIDSA, Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Allovir: Grant/Research Support|Ansun Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Aseptiscope, Inc: Stocks/Bonds|Astellas: Honoraria|Karius: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer/Amplyx: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Honoraria|Viracor: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause severe disease in older adults (\u226565 years) or those with comorbidities. Understanding the risk of hospitalization after RSV diagnosis through current real-world data analyses is limited by estimates combining cases identified in inpatient and outpatient settings. To address this gap and to better understand opportunities for intervention to prevent such hospitalizations, we quantified the crude 28-day risk of all-cause hospitalizations following RSV infections initially managed in an outpatient setting.This retrospective observational study identified outpatient RSV episodes (clinics and emergency departments [ED]) for RSV between 01Sep2016-31Oct2022 using Optum\u2019s de-identified Integrated Claims-Clinical data set, which contains linked person-level claims and electronic health record (EHR) data. RSV diagnosis was defined using positive test results  and ICD-10-CM diagnosis codes. Comorbidities were identified using diagnosis, procedure, and medication codes. Only the first eligible episode (index date) for each study-defined RSV season (01Oct\u201330Sep) was included . Episodes hospitalized on the index date or with an RSV-related hospitalization 14 days prior to the index date were excluded. Crude risk of all-cause hospitalization was assessed over a 28-day follow-up period.Study schematic for the retrospective observational cohort study designThe schematic depicts how eligible RSV outpatient episodes were identified and the inclusion/exclusion criteria that were applied to generate the final sample.Of 2,792 included episodes, 62% occurred among females, 55% occurred among patients aged \u226565, and 21% received ED care on the index date. Between 2016-2018, the 28-day risk of hospitalization ranged from 6-9% and declined to 3% in 2019/20 . The risk of hospitalization also varied by age or the presence of comorbidities (Table 1).This table summarizes the crude 28-day risk of all-cause hospitalization for adults overall and stratified by clinical conditions and age groups.This figure displays the crude 28-day risk of all-cause hospitalization following an outpatient episode of RSV, stratified by season and displayed for adults with high-risk conditions.A meaningful risk of all-cause hospitalization following outpatient RSV episodes was observed using a US integrated database that captures a patient\u2019s longitudinal healthcare journey. Risk of hospitalization varied across seasons and was influenced by age and comorbidities. Results include diagnosed cases, and RSV infections may have been underreported due to infrequent standard-of-care testing.Suzanne Landi, PhD, Pfizer, Inc: Employment|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Diana Garofalo, PhD MPH, Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Amie Scott, MPH, Pfizer, Inc: Employee|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Jill McCarthy, PhD, Pfizer: Contractor Margaret Tawadrous, MD, MS, Pfizer: Full time employee|Pfizer: Full-time employee|Pfizer: Full-time employee|Pfizer: Full -time employee|Pfizer: Ownership Interest|Pfizer: Ownership Interest|Pfizer: Ownership Interest|Pfizer: Ownership Interest|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Glenn Pixton, MS, Abbott: Stocks/Bonds|Abbvie: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Viatris: Stocks/Bonds Niki Alami, MD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Scott P. Kelly, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Joshua T. Swan, PharmD, MPH, BCPS, FCCM, CareDx: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|Grifols Share Services North America: Grant/Research Support|Heron Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Kedrion Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|Kedrion Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Pacira Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|VigiLanz Corporation: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The cerebellum has been implicated in cognitive, affective and motor functions, including emotion regulation, executive control and sensorimotor processing. In schizophrenia, cerebellar dysfunction has been associated with treatment resistance and clinical features. However, few studies have been focused on delusional disorder (DD).Our main purpose was to review the evidence available on cerebellum abnormalities and dysfunctions in patients with DD.A systematic review was conducted through PubMed, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov (inception-June 2022) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) directives. The following search terms were used: cerebellum OR cerebellar AND . Reference lists from included studies were hand-checked to find other potential relevant papers.Six studies were included from a total of 119 retrieved records . Study 1:Patients with DD somatic type (n=14) presented a decreased gray matter volume in cerebellar lobules compared to healthy controls (HC)  and non-somatic DD . Cerebellar volumes did not seem to differ between HC and non-somatic DD. Study 2:Abnormalities of voluntary saccadic eye movements, linking frontal and cerebellar functions, were found in DD patients (n=34) compared to HC (n=40). Study 3: Abnormal smooth pursuit eye movements in DD (n=15) compared with HC (n=40) and similar to schizophrenia (n=40). Case reports (n=3): DD associated with Dandy-Walker variant , unruptured intracerebral aneurysm of basilar artery, and megacisterna magna.Cerebellar deficits in patients with DD has been reported, particularly in those presenting somatic delusional contents.None Declared"}
{"text": "Telehealth (TH) offers valuable opportunities to improve healthcare delivery that may translate to better health outcomes. Utilization of TH by pediatric subspecialty programs has been successful in inpatient settings. Limited data is available on its applicability to outpatient Pediatric Infectious Diseases during the pandemic. We aim to assess the differences between in person vs TH services in a pediatric infectious disease practice.This retrospective cohort study included patients aged 0 to 21 evaluated in a pediatric infectious disease clinic from 1/1/2019 \u2013 12/31/2022 across 5 locations in Southwest Florida. Data was collected for new or established unduplicated patients seen in consultation for an acute, subacute, or chronic pediatric infectious disease condition. All encounters were characterized by in-person or TH modality. Clinic encounters related to research were excluded.Altogether, 2,207 patients made 6,905 appointments. Of those appointments, 1,034 (15%) were TH visits, and 5,871 (85%) were in-person visits. New patient TH visits represented 17% vs 22% for in-person. There was a significant difference between the TH and in-person groups in mean age , race , ethnicity , and type of insurance . There was no significant difference in gender . The most frequent diagnoses are described in Figure 1. Physicians provided 77% of the TH visits vs 44% for the in-person visits. Cancellation/no-show rate was significantly lower for TH vs in-person visits . Mean traveled distance for in-person visits was 21 miles vs 30 miles avoided for TH encounters.TH offered a valuable option for pediatric infectious diseases patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Availability of mobile connectivity, distance to appointment, and type of diagnosis may play a role in the selection of the appointment modality. TH holds promise for improving access to pediatric subspecialty services, allowing patient convenience and potential better health outcomes while delivering comparable care.Claudia M. Espinosa, MD, MSc, AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|Enanta: Grant/Research Support|Jansen and Jansen: Advisor/Consultant|Kentucky Rural Health Association: Honoraria|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Honoraria|Sobi: Dinner Amol Purandare, MD, Caribou: Stocks/Bonds|Intellia: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Carina A. Rodriguez, MD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Ololade G. Adewole. The correct citation is: Adewol OG, Babalola BI, Omotoso KO, Oyelade OO, Ibrahim EA (2023) Linkages between men\u2019s wealth status and the ideal number of children: A trend and multilevel analysis of survey data in Nigeria. PLOS Glob Public Health 3(3): e0001036."}
{"text": "Cisgender women account for approximately 20% of incident HIV diagnoses in the US. However, only 10% of women who could benefit from HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) have been prescribed PrEP. US women face several challenges that may affect their seeking HIV prevention services, such as lack of PrEP awareness. Understanding these challenges may improve PrEP uptake, especially as innovative PrEP options, such as long-acting (LA) injectable PrEP, become available. This study explored interest in using LA-PrEP by factors that may increase risk of HIV acquisition.Cisgender women were recruited between November 2021 \u2013 March 2022 though targeted social media ads on Facebook, Instagram, and Tinder to complete an online, self-administered survey. Eligible participants were cisgender women who were: 18+ years, current US residents, reported penetrative sex in the past six months, and reported an unknown or negative HIV status. The survey included questions on demographics, sexual health and behavior, LA-PrEP awareness, and LA-PrEP interest. Descriptive statistics were calculated using SAS v9.4.1,834 eligible women completed the survey ; Geography: South \u2013 65%, West \u2013 21%, Northeast \u2013 7.3%, Midwest \u2013 6.8%; Race: Black, non-Hispanic \u2013 34%, White, non-Hispanic \u2013 25%, Hispanic \u2013 27%, Another race \u2013 14%). Women were more likely to have heard of LA-PrEP if they had reported injection drug use in the past year (71%), had an STI diagnosis (70%) or HIV test (66%) in the past two years, and were currently using contraception (65%). Interest in using LA-PrEP was consistently high; the difference between LA-PrEP awareness and interest was greatest among women with non-private health insurance and those with perceived likelihood of future HIV acquisition.Although interest in using LA-PrEP is high among US women, these results demonstrate the large gap between LA-PrEP awareness and interest in using it.Tonia Poteat, PhD, MPH, PAC, Viiv Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant Supriya Sarkar, PhD, MPH, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|Viiv Healthcare: Employee Leigh Ragone, MS, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Danielle Bogan, BSN, MPH,DrPH, ViiV Healthcare: Contract worker Keith Rawlings, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Alex R. Rinehart, PhD, ViiV Healthcare: Employee Vani Vannappagari, MBBS, MPH, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee"}
{"text": "The neurobiology of gambling disorder (GD) is not yet fully understood. Although dysfunctional signalling involved in energy homeostasis has been studied in substance use disorders, it should be examined in detail in GD.To compare different endocrine and neuropsychological factors between individuals with GD and healthy controls (HC), and to explore endocrine interactions with neuropsychological and clinical variables.A case-control design was performed in 297 individuals with GD and 41 HC, assessed through a semi-structured clinical interview and a psychometric battery, adding 38 HC in the evaluation of endocrine and anthropometric variables.Individuals with GD presented higher fasting plasma ghrelin (p<.001) and lower LEAP2 and adiponectin concentrations (p<.001) than HC adjusting for body mass index (BMI). The GD group reported higher cognitive impairment regarding cognitive flexibility and decision-making strategies, a worse psychological state, higher impulsivity levels, and a more dysfunctional personality profile. Despite failing to find significant associations between endocrine factors and either neuropsychological or clinical aspects in GD, some impaired cognitive dimensions and lower LEAP2 concentrations significantly predicted GD presence.This study suggests distinctive neuropsychological and endocrine dysfunctions may operate in individuals with GD, predicting GD presence. Further exploration of endophenotypic vulnerability pathways in GD appear warranted, especially with respect to etiological and therapeutic potentials.F. Fernandez-Aranda Consultant of: Novo Nordisk , Employee of: editorial honoraria as EIC from Wiley, I. Baenas: None Declared, M. Etxandi : None Declared, B. Mora-Maltas: None Declared, R. Granero : None Declared, S. Tovar : None Declared, C. Di\u00e9guez: None Declared, M. Potenza Grant / Research support from: Mohegan Sun Casino and Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Consultant of: Opiant Pharmaceuticals, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals, Baria-Tek, AXA, Game Day Data and the Addiction Policy Forum; has participated in surveys, mailings or telephone consultations related to drug addiction, impulse control disorders or other health topics; and has consulted for law offices and gambling entities on issues related to impulse control or addictive disorders, Employee of: patent application in Yale University and Novartis, S. Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia: None Declared."}
{"text": "Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are a major threat for patients under immunosuppression or with viral respiratory infections, like influenza or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Access to appropriate tools is vital for early diagnosis and clinical management. The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) survey on laboratory capacities in Europe aims to decipher the current diagnostic capacity and availability of treatments for IFIs in order to guide health professionals, patients, and policymakers.www.clinicalsurveys.net/uc/IFI_management_capacity/. A campaign seeking for mycologist feedback was launched. The survey was disseminated to all European mycologists affiliated with the ECMM and via social media  and email. Collected variables were a) institution profile, b) perceptions on invasive fungal disease in the respective institution, c) microscopy, d) culture and fungal identification, e) serology, f) antigen detection, g) molecular tests and h) therapeutic drug monitoring.The ECMM IFI diagnostic capacity survey is online accessible at Candida spp. (95.0%) and Aspergillus spp. (89.9%) were considered the most relevant pathogens. All the institutions had access (on site or outsourced) to cultures . Regarding availability of other diagnostic tests, 84.5% could also utilize microscopy, 83.7% antigen detection tests , 73.3% molecular tests (mainly PCR), and 62.4% to serology. At least one triazole was available for prescribing in 93.0% of the institutions, whereas at least one echinocandin in 90.3% and liposomal amphotericin B in 80.2%.258 centers from 41 countries have participated in the survey . Germany (n=30), France (n=28), Italy, Spain  and Turkey (n=21) were the origin country of almost half of the respondents. Incidence of IFI was considered as very low or low in 46.9% of the institutions, and moderate in 38.0%. Europe is generally well prepared to diagnose and treat invasive fungal infections. However, some institutions miss access to certain diagnostic tools and antifungal drugs.Martin Hoenigl, n/a, Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Euroimmun: Grant/Research Support|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Immy: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Grant/Research Support|Mundipharma: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pulmocide: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support Oliver A. Cornely, MD PhD, DZIF: Advisor/Consultant|DZIF: Board Member|DZIF: Grant/Research Support|DZIF: Honoraria|DZIF: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Integrase inhibitor (INI)\u2013based antiretroviral (ARV) therapies are associated with greater weight gain than non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor\u2013 or boosted protease inhibitor\u2013based regimens, disproportionately affecting Black and Hispanic individuals and women. The mechanisms underlying this weight gain are unknown, and there are no prospective, randomized data exploring the impact of switching ARV classes to mitigate or reverse ARV-related weight gain.DEFINE  is a randomized (1:1), prospective, 48-week, active-controlled, open-label, multicenter phase 4 study evaluating switching to darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (D/C/F/TAF) versus continuing INI+TAF/emtricitabine (FTC) in virologically-suppressed HIV-1\u2013infected adults who had \u226510% weight gain while on the INI-based regimen. The primary objective was to assess percent change in body weight from baseline to Week 24 in both arms. The primary endpoint was analyzed using a mixed model for repeated measures in the intent-to-treat set of randomized participants who had received \u22651 dose of study drug. Secondary endpoints included change in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), efficacy, and safety. Data through Week 24 are reported.Table 1). Discontinuation rates were low and similar between arms. At Week 24, there was no significant difference in percent change in body weight from baseline between the D/C/F/TAF and INI+TAF/FTC arms . Most participants in each arm had body weight changes of \u2264\u00b13% and remained within baseline BMI and WC categories. Percent body weight changes for key subgroups are shown in Table 2. Switching to D/C/F/TAF was safe and well tolerated, and efficacy was maintained.Overall, 103 adults were randomized to D/C/F/TAF (n=53) or continued INI+TAF/FTC (n=50); 30% were female and 61% were Black/African American, with median 27.0 months virologic suppression on INI+TAF/FTC (Percent Change From Baseline in Body Weight Over Time for Participants Who Switched to D/C/F/TAF and Those Who Continued Their Current INI+TAF/FTC Regimen (ITT Set)D/C/F/TAF, darunavir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide; FTC, emtricitabine; INI, integrase inhibitor; ITT, intent-to-treat; LS, least-squares; TAF, tenofovir alafenamide. LS means percent changes in body weight were calculated in the ITT set of randomized participants who had received \u22651 dose of study drug using a mixed model for repeated measures, in which the dependent variable was percent change from baseline in body weight; independent variables were treatment, baseline body mass index, sex, and race (Black/African American vs non\u2013Black/African American); and visits were repeated measures. Participants in the ITT set with baseline records and \u22651 postbaseline record were included.There was no significant difference in weight change through 24 weeks after switching from an INI-based regimen to D/C/F/TAF in adults with INI-related weight gain. Additional analyses are ongoing, including follow up through Week 48 and evaluation of changes in biomarkers and body composition (DEXA).William R. Short, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Honoraria Moti Ramgopal, MD, FACP, FIDSA, AbbVie: Honoraria|Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Honoraria|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Honoraria Debbie P. Hagins, MD, FAPCR, AAHIVS, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Johnnie Lee, MD, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Employee|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds Richard Bruce Simonson, BS, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Employee|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds Tien-Huei Hsu, PhD, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Employee|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds Ping Xu, PhD, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Employee|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds David Anderson, MD, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Employee|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Highly Resistant (including ceftriaxone-resistant and carbapenem-resistant) Enterobacterales (HRE) are a major and growing public health threat. Community spread of HRE is poorly understood.Monthly stool samples were obtained from patients who were discharged home after a hospitalization at one of 6 participating US medical centers with a clinical culture positive for HRE based on local laboratory antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Stool samples were also collected from community and household contacts they referred, and any contacts referred by those contacts. Samples were screened by culture on selective media for HRE, and with PCR for presence of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL), AmpC, and carbapenemase genes. Whole genome sequencing was performed on selected isolates.blaSHV and blaCTX-M-15 carrying K. pneumoniae isolates in a cluster of 4 participants, which included secondary transmission between a contact of the index patient and one of their contacts over a period of 555 days.Of 1,923 patients with positive HRE cultures from healthcare settings, 943/1,923 (49%) were discharged home. 65/943 (7%) were consented into the study, and 31/65 (48%) returned at least one sample . The index HRE species was isolated from stool samples from 19/31 (61%) participants; the median duration of detected carriage was 391 days (range 84-662 days). Screening for resistance genes was performed on 477 sample-derived isolates (Table 1); ESBL/AmpC and carbapenemase genes were present in 221/447 (49%) and 17/447 (4%), respectively. Stool samples  were collected from 11 contacts of 9 participants, and 1 contact of a contact. Index HRE were isolated from samples from 10/12 contacts (83%); the median duration from date of positive index culture to last positive sample in a contact was 400 days (range 146-588). Whole genome analysis confirmed genetic similarity (< 21 single nucleotide polymorphism difference) between ceftriaxone-resistant Patients with a clinical culture positive for HRE are at risk for prolonged intestinal HRE carriage after hospitalization. Upon returning home, community spread of HRE was very common in this cohort.Robert A. Bonomo, MD, Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|venatorax: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt: Grant/Research Support David van Duin, MD, PhD, Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria|Qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Union: Advisor/Consultant|Utility: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Severe manifestations of human parechovirus (HPeV) infection, including meningoencephalitis and sepsis, can occur in neonates and young infants. Death has rarely been reported. Rates of HPeV infection fluctuate from year to year in the community. After the home isolation during the initial COVID-19 era in 2020, waves of respiratory viral outbreaks at unusual times of the year were identified in the pediatric community in 2021 and 2022, including increased number of cases of severe HPeV infection in young infants. This study characterizes the U.S. outbreak of HPeV infections that occurred in newborns and young infants in 2022.A multi-site, retrospective and prospective observational study identified hospitalized infants < =6 months, with a body fluid specimen positive for HPeV. IRB approval of a single protocol was obtained at each site. Data obtained included hospital summary, maternal and birth history, medications, bacterial and viral testing, and radiology results. Analysis included infants with hospitalizations from January 1 through December 31, 2022.13 academic sites were enrolled, which included 8 sites achieving full IRB approval/activation and completed data collection, and 5 sites pending activation [Fig 1A]. Interim analysis shows 112 infants across eleven states hospitalized with HPeV infection with a median hospital duration of 3 days (range 0-178 d), peaking in May 2022 [Fig 1B], with a spectrum of biochemical markers [Table 1]. The median age at hospitalization was 21.5 days of life . All but five infants received antibiotics during the admission, and more than half (54%) received acyclovir. Other pathogens were rarely reported [Table 2]. 45 (38%) infants received MRI brain imaging during hospitalization of which 29 were abnormal; 10 reports directly mentioning HPeV in the interpretation. A total of 51 EEGs were completed in 31 infants; 20 infants (18%) had seizures reported. 17 infants required anticonvulsants. Two infants died.We report the first multi-site, clinical description of the 2022 U.S. outbreak of HPeV among neonates and young infants. This is the first large series of infants with HPeV to report mortality. Further development of a multi-site U.S. collaboration to improve surveillance for HPeV is needed.Laura Filkins, PhD, Avsana Labs: Board Member|Avsana Labs: Stocks/Bonds|Biofire Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support Claudia M. Espinosa, MD, MSc, AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|Enanta: Grant/Research Support|Jansen and Jansen: Advisor/Consultant|Kentucky Rural Health Association: Honoraria|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Honoraria|Sobi: Dinner Joseph A. Bocchini, Jr., MD, Avalere: Advisor/Consultant|Enanta: Site PI on multicenter clinical trials, contract with employer|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Novavax: Sub-I on multicenter clinical trials, contract with employer|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Site PI on multicenter clinical trials, contract with employer|Regeneron: Site PI on multicenter clinical trials, contract with employer|Sobi: Advisor/Consultant|Valneva: Advisor/Consultant Roberto P. Santos, MD, MSCS, Eli Lilly  - Site Open for Enrollment on March 8, 2023: Industry-sponsored clinical trials with research contract awarded to the University of Mississippi Medical Center with RPS as site PI|Eli Lilly  - study discontinuation on January 3, 2022: Industry-sponsored clinical trials with research contract awarded to the University of Mississippi Medical Center with RPS as site PI|JNJ  - study discontinuation on March 1, 2022: Industry-sponsored clinical trials with research contract awarded to the University of Mississippi Medical Center with RPS as site PI|MSD  - study discontinuation on December 6, 2022: Industry-sponsored clinical trials with research contract awarded to the University of Mississippi Medical Center with RPS as site PI Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support David W. Kimberlin, MD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: I served as site PI on Gilead's study of remdesivir in pediatric patients. All monies went directly to my university and not to me."}
{"text": "Integrated HIV, mental health, and substance use (SU) treatment strategies to improve health outcomes among women living with HIV (WWH) are limited. We described co-utilization of HIV, SU, and mental health treatment services among women enrolled in the Women\u2019s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) who report current SU.We included data from participants enrolled in 10 WIHS sites during their last study visit from 2013-2020. Current SU was defined as self-reported, non-medical use of drugs in the past year, excluding use of only marijuana. We described utilization of each treatment service  by subgroups of participants with current SU and either HIV, depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies\u2013Depression score \u2265 16), heavy alcohol use ( > 7 drinks/week), or current tobacco use. We then compared utilization of services by those who did or did not utilize SU treatment using Chi-square/Fisher exact tests.Table) and 82.7% receiving any health care. Among women with current SU+HIV (n=233), 86.3% had an HIV healthcare provider visit since last study visit; among current SU+depressive symptoms (n=204), 39.2% had a mental health provider visit since last visit; among current SU+heavy alcohol use (n=87), 23.0% utilized alcohol treatment in the past year; and among current SU+current tobacco use (n=296), 10.1% utilized tobacco cessation treatment in the past year. Among subgroups of women with current SU who were eligible for another service, utilization of other services was significantly higher among those who utilized SU treatment for alcohol and tobacco cessation treatment, but not for any healthcare provider, HIV care, or mental health care provider .Among women with current SU (n=377), 41.9% reported utilizing SU treatment  high engagement in SU treatment, and high engagement in health care and HIV care regardless of SU treatment, but 2) low engagement in alcohol and tobacco cessation treatments. Integrated drug, alcohol, and tobacco treatment programs should not be missed opportunities for WWH with concurrent SU, alcohol or tobacco use.Cyra Christina Mehta, PhD, MSPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support Ellen Eaton, MD, MPH, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Understanding the transmissibility of respiratory viruses by symptoms is important for public health.Persons who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and their household contacts (HHC) were recruited from 7 US sentinel sites or by remote invitation nationwide during Sep. 2021\u2014Mar. 2023. The household primary case was the person with the earliest symptom onset or positive test. Starting \u22646 days after primary case onset, primary cases and HHC completed symptom logs  and collected nasal or saliva specimens (daily for 10 days) that were tested by RT-PCR. Infected individuals were counted as having developed fever, lower respiratory symptoms , other symptoms , or as being asymptomatic based on all logs. Risk of secondary infection (any PCR positivity) among eligible, tested HHC (Methods 1) by symptoms of primary cases was estimated using Poisson regression with generalized estimating equations. We estimated days from onset to last PCR positive in a survival model.Methods upload 1. Enrolled and analytically included household members in case-ascertained studies of household transmission of SARS-CoV-2, United States, Sept 2021 - Mar 2023.This analysis included 842 households . Most primary cases (99%) and infected HHC (81%) were symptomatic (Results 1). Primary cases had higher frequencies of fever or LRS than infected HHC (Results 2). HHC exposed to primary cases who developed fever or LRS were more likely to become infected than HHC exposed to primary cases who did not have fever or LRS (Results 3). Post-hoc comparisons by individual symptoms supported this for fever and all LRS but chest pain . Primary cases with fever or LRS were PCR positive for a median of 14 days (95% CI: 14 \u2013 15) post-onset, compared to 10 days (95% CI: 9 \u2013 11) for cases who did not have fever or LRS.Results upload 1. Characteristics of included household members in case-ascertained studies of household transmission of SARS-CoV-2, United States, Sep 2021 - Mar 2023.Results upload 2. Proportion of primary cases and infected household contacts who experienced individual symptoms.Results upload 3. Unadjusted and adjusted risk of household contacts becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2, by symptoms in the primary case.Contacts of primary cases with fever or lower respiratory symptoms may have been more likely to become infected than contacts of primary cases without, suggesting higher transmissibility.Joshua Petrie, PhD, CSL Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Yvonne A. Maldonado, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Site Investigator, DSMB member Suchitra Rao, MBBS, MSCS, Sequiris: Advisor/Consultant Edward Belongia, MD, Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Huong McLean, PhD, MPH, Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Edwin J. Asturias, MD, Hillevax: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Carlos G. Grijalva, MD, MPH, AHRQ: Grant/Research Support|CDC: Grant/Research Support|FDA: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Syneos Health: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "There is a range of conditions for which long-term antibiotics are prescribed, most of which lack high quality evidence. Apart from promoting antimicrobial resistance, long-term antibiotics also impact the individual patient, disrupting the normal microbiome, and increasing the risk of infection with multi-resistant organisms (MROs). Previous work conducted at Monash Health, in Victoria, Australia, in 2014 noted great heterogeneity in both indications for prolonged antibiotic courses and the antimicrobial agents used.st January 2019 \u2013 30th June 2019, and 1st January 2021 \u2013 30th June 2021.The current study aimed to reassess prescribing trends within the same health network, across two time periods in 2019 and 2021. Outpatient prescriptions were extracted from the Monash Health pharmaceutical database at two time points, from 1Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and 83 (12%) post splenectomy. Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was predominantly prescribed for PJP prophylaxis (n = 583), followed by dapsone (n = 21). Prosthetic joint infections made up 57 (73%) of those on suppressive antibiotics for infections deemed incurable. An array of antibiotics was utilised to treat them, as seen in Figure 1. The \u201cOther\u201d category included those on antibiotics for difficult to treat infections, such as mycobacterial infections (n = 43), chronic airways disease (n = 38), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (n = 23) and recurrent urinary tract infections (n = 12). Data on comorbidities, hospitalisations and MROs between groups can be viewed in Table 1.From 4,704 outpatient prescriptions, 929 patients were identified as being on either one or more antibiotics for an intended duration of \u2265 12 months. There were a total 536 (57.7%) males and 393 females (42.3%), with a mean age of 58.20 years. Sixty-eight patients died between the two follow-up periods. Data was separated into 3 groups: primary prophylaxis in the setting of immunosuppression (n = 687), secondary prophylaxis for infections deemed incurable (n = 78), and \u201cOther\u201d (n = 164). Six hundred and four patients (88%) on primary prophylaxis were for Further research is needed. Prospective data examining long-term patient outcomes, and patterns of prescribing across different health networks would be of benefit.Jillian Lau, MBBS, FRACP, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Grant/Research Support|Viiv Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant Ian Woolley, MBBS, FRACP, DTM&H, MD, Gilead: Educational support, investigator for Gilead supported trial|MSD: educational support, participation in a clinical trial|Pfizer: Educational support|ViiV: Educational Programs, Advisory Board member, ViiV sponsored trials"}
{"text": "Despite extensive lab testing, infectious agents were not detected in \u223c50% of patients hospitalized for acute undifferentiated febrile illness (AUFI) at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand. Unbiased metagenomic Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS) enables detection of many microbes present in patient samples. Target enrichment for viruses in these libraries represents a highly sensitive and cost-effective approach for overcoming host background present in clinical specimens. Plasma collected from 440 patients with AUFI between 2014-2021 were analyzed by both viral target enrichment and mNGS to determine their diagnostic values for the identification of human pathogens.m2000 instrument. mNGS libraries were prepared from ds-cDNA and hybridized to CVRP probes (Twist Biosciences) covering > 15,000 strains of vertebrate viruses. Target enriched libraries were run on a MiSeq; mNGS libraries were sequenced on a NextSeq. Reads were processed by the SURPI or DiVir pipelines and viral reads were mapped in the CLC Bio Genomics Workbench.Benzonase-treated plasma was extracted on an Abbott Rickettsia typhi, R. felis and Capnocytophaga canimorsus. Identification of parasites P. falciparum and P. vivax was consistent with clinical presentations. mNGS failed to detect blood-culture positive patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Streptococcus gallolyticus septicemia.We identified viruses in 23% of our AUFI population using CVRP. mNGS increased viral detection to 26.8% and overall pathogen detection to 41.8%. Both methods identified relatively prevalent viruses such as Dengue, HIV-1, HBV, HAV and CHIKV, less common viruses such as Measles, HHV-6B, CMV, and PARV and emerging viruses such as SFTS virus with a high degree of correlation between NGS and clinical data. Bacterial pathogens identified by mNGS included CVRP and mNGS demonstrated that viral and rickettsial infections were important etiologies for AUFI in Thailand. This data supports the current recommendation of empirical therapy with ceftriaxone and doxycycline or azithromycin in severe or hospitalized AUFI. Implications for proper management of AUFI include lower rates of unnecessary testing and antimicrobial use.Julie Yamaguchi, BS, Abbott Labs: Patents|Abbott Labs: Employee|Abbott Labs: Stocks/Bonds Michael G. Berg, PhD, Abbott Laboratories: employee|Abbott Laboratories: Stocks/Bonds Sonja Weiss, BS, Abbott Laboratories: Employee|Abbott Laboratories: Stocks/Bonds Pakpoom Phoompoung, MD, Abbott Labs: Grant/Research Support|Abbott Labs: Mahidol University is a partner in the Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition Gavin Cloherty, PhD, Abbott Labs: Patents|Abbott Labs: Employee|Abbott Labs: Stocks/Bonds Yupin Suputtamongkol, MD, Abbott Labs: Grant/Research Support|Abbott Labs: Mahidol University is partner in the Abbott Pandemic Defense Coalition"}
{"text": "In \u201cEvaluating the Acceptance and Usability of an App Promoting Weight Gain Prevention and Healthy Behaviors Among Young Women With a Family History of Breast Cancer: Protocol for an Observational Study\u201d :e41246) the authors noted one error.Reference 15 originally appeared as:Cacciamani GE, Aron M, Gill I, Desai M. Re: oncological outcome according to attainment of pentafecta after robot-assisted radical cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer in the multicentre KORARC database. BJU Int 2020 Nov;126(5):644-645. [doi: 10.1111/bju.15222] [Medline: 32870582]This has been changed to:Michie S, Johnston M, Francis J, Hardeman W, Eccles M. From Theory to Intervention: Mapping Theoretically Derived Behavioural Determinants to Behaviour Change Techniques. Applied Psychology 2008 July;57(4):660-680. [doi: 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00341]The correction will appear in the online version of the paper on the JMIR Publications website on April 4, 2023 together with the publication of this correction notice. Because this was made after submission to PubMed, PubMed Central, and other full-text repositories, the corrected article has also been resubmitted to those repositories."}
{"text": "Oral sulopenem is a bilayer tablet composed of sulopenem etzadroxil and probenecid, an organic anion transport inhibitor that delays renal excretion of sulopenem. The goal of these studies was to determine whether the chosen clinical PO dosing regimen of 500 mg q12h, based on murine thigh models, would induce resistance amplification in a hollow-fiber Escherichia coli clinical isolates , at an initial burden of 106 CFU/mL, were subjected to sulopenem concentration-time profiles simulating total-drug urine concentrations following a 500 mg PO q12h regimen in a hollow-fiber in vitro infection model. Each isolate was additionally exposed to negative (levofloxacin 750 mg) and positive (meropenem 2 g) control regimens simulating free-drug plasma concentrations following intravenous (IV) dosing every 24 and 8 hours, respectively. Samples were collected for the enumeration of bacterial burdens and evaluation of the simulated pharmacokinetic profiles over the five-day study period. Each sample for bacterial enumeration was suspended onto agar plates, with and without supplementation of the respective antibiotic, to observe the density of the total and drug-resistant subpopulations over five days.Four 6 CFU/mL to those below 1 log10 CFU/mL, and prevented amplification of drug-resistant subpopulations over the five-day period for each isolate . The activity observed for the sulopenem 500 mg q12h regimen simulating urine concentrations was similar to that of the meropenem positive control regimen, while the levofloxacin negative control failed to provide any antimicrobial activity.The sulopenem 500 mg q12h regimen repeatedly reduced the bacterial density of the total population from the initial burden of 1.0 x 10These data support the selection of sulopenem etzadroxil/probenecid 500 mg/500 mg PO q12h, which minimized the potential for on-therapy drug-resistance amplification.Brian D. VanScoy, B.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Haley Conde, B.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Catherine E. Vincent, Ph.D., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Employee|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support Steven I. Aronin, MD, Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Stocks/Bonds Sailaja Puttagunta, MD, Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Full time employee|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Stocks/Bonds Paul G. Ambrose, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Albany Medical Center: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|BioFire Diagnostics LLC: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|Inotrem: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Qpex Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|Theravance: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|University of Wisconsin: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|ValanBio Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Transplant recipients with CMV infection have a high risk of complications and mortality. This study aimed to better understand patient and CP knowledge of post-transplant CMV and identify how it can be improved.Fig 1). We report results from Phase 2 (September 2022\u2013March 2023), which included an educational webinar with a pre- and post-webinar assessment comprising 4 questions on the risk, symptoms, treatment, and complications of CMV; participants (pts) self-reported their confidence rating pre- and post-webinar. Transplant recipients and CPs also completed a quantitative survey on CMV management and patient/CP burden. Pts were recruited via the PatientsLikeMe (PLM) website, email, or social media.The study included 2 research phases (Table 1). Patients primarily contacted their surgeon about CMV and sought information on the internet.The webinar was completed by 33 pts. There was a total of 86 and 121 correct responses to the 4 pre- and post-survey questions, respectively, indicating a significant improvement in understanding of CMV post-webinar as compared with before . Almost half (n=16 [48%]) of pts reported feeling \u201cnot at all confident\u201d in recognizing CMV symptoms post-transplant pre-webinar; post-webinar, this was 0 pts. Twenty-eight transplant recipients  and 1 CP completed the quantitative survey. Half of recipients received a CMV diagnosis post-transplant and 16/28 reported having no awareness of their or their donor\u2019s CMV status prior to transplant. Most (27/28) recipients reported a positive experience with their care team post-transplant. Half of recipients set goals with their care team or were provided resources to track them post-transplant. Recipients reported CMV medication changes and challenges with treatment (Although transplant recipients reported positive experiences with their healthcare team, the post-transplant care journey could be improved by better educating patients about CMV and CMV management. Aggregate-level learnings from the study with be shared on the PLM platform to reinforce the value of participation in research.Funding: Collaborative research study; primary funding from Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.Deepshikha Singh, MPH, PatientsLikeMe: Employee|PatientsLikeMe: Ownership Interest Mary C. Burke, MHA, PatientsLikeMe: Employee|PatientsLikeMe: Ownership Interest Subhara Raveendran, PhD, Ascendis Pharma: Employee|PatientsLikeMe: Ownership Interest Erlyn Rachelle Macarayan, PhD, PatientsLikeMe: Employee|PatientsLikeMe: Ownership Interest Maisha Razzaque, MS, PatientsLikeMe: Employee|PatientsLikeMe: Ownership Interest Genovefa Papanicolaou, MD, Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Amplyx: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|CSL Behring: Advisor/Consultant|DSMC: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: institutional research support for clinical trials|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|Octapharma: Advisor/Consultant|Partners Rx: Advisor/Consultant|Shire/Takeda: institutional research support for clinical trials|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Vera Pharma: Advisor/Consultant Macey L. Levan, PhD, Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Maggie McCue, MS, RD, Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.: Employee Megan Gower, PharmD, Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.: Employee|Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.: Ownership Interest Daniele K. Gelone, PharmD, Abbott Laboratories: Ownership Interest|Ionis Pharmaceuticals: Ownership Interest|Johnson & Johnson: Ownership Interest|NovoNordisk: Ownership Interest|Pfizer: Ownership Interest|Regenxbio: Ownership Interest|Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.: Employee|Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.: Ownership Interest|Vertex Pharmaceuticals: Ownership Interest"}
{"text": "Acinetobacter baumannii (ACB), P. aeruginosa (PSA) and Enterobacterales are needed. Sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR) has potent, selective activity against ACB. Cefepime (FEP) is a common first-line therapy for hospital/ventilator associated pneumonia caused by non-ACB Gram-negative pathogens, but resistance to FEP is increasing. This study investigated the in vitro synergy of SUL-DUR + FEP against relevant pathogens.Due to the incidence of polymicrobial nosocomial infections, effective therapies with activity against ACB, n=4; PSA, n=4; E. coli, n=3; K. pneumoniae, n=3). One wild type K. pneumoniae isolate was included. Antibiotic concentrations simulated the free-steady state average concentration of clinically administered doses in patients .Static time-kills were performed in duplicate against fourteen FEP-resistant isolates (10 reduction in CFU/mL relative to 0h control). SUL-DUR plus FEP showed synergy  against one ACB isolate with an elevated MIC to SUL-DUR (32 mg/L). SUL-DUR plus FEP showed synergy vs. all PSA isolates . Against Enterobacterales, combination therapy was indifferent due to significant kill from SUL-DUR  with \u223c 4 log10 kill relative to 0h. SUL-DUR plus FEP was synergistic  vs. one E. coli isolate with an elevated MIC to SUL-DUR ( >128 mg/L). SUL-DUR plus FEP showed synergy against one of the K. pneumoniae with 2.97 log10 CFU/mL reduction relative to SUL-DUR and an additive effect against the other two K. pneumoniae tested . No antagonism was observed in any isolates.SUL-DUR alone showed significant activity against ACB consistent with the MIC for isolates at 8 mg/L and lower (range: 0.91-2.14 login vivo to verify these results are warranted.Synergy and no antagonism was observed with the combination of SUL-DUR and FEP. Further pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies conducted David P. Nicolau, PharmD, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Allergan: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Advisor/Consultant|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase: Advisor/Consultant|Tetraphase: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt: Advisor/Consultant|Wockhardt: Grant/Research Support Christian M. Gill, PharmD, Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Entasis therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Cytomegalovirus (CMV) commonly affects solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, with increased risks of rejection, graft failure, and other infections. While valganciclovir (vGCV) prophylaxis is effective in preventing CMV, its use is sometimes hindered by toxicity. We examined the association between vGCV exposure and adverse outcomes in SOT recipients.We performed a retrospective cohort study in two large academic transplant centers in Boston, with 1650 sequential adult (\u2265 18 years of age) lung (343), heart (200), and kidney (1107) transplant recipients from 2010-2016. CMV D+ and/or CMV R+ SOT recipients generally received 3-12 months of vGCV prophylaxis. We used Fisher\u2019s exact tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and Cox models to examine the relationship between vGCV exposure and adverse events potentially related to vGCV exposure.2, 594 (36%) were CMV D+R-, 397 (24%) D+R+, 333 (20%) D-R+, and 319 (19%) D-R-. Total vGCV exposure in patients receiving prophylaxis was 182  days. Patients receiving vGCV prophylaxis were significantly more likely to develop incident leukopenia with a white blood cell (WBC) count < 4000 cells/\u03bcL , severe leukopenia with a WBC < 1500 cells/\u03bcL (logrank p< 0.001), and incident thrombocytopenia < 150,000/\u03bcL (< 0.001) compared to patients not receiving vGCV. Early vGCV discontinuation, treatment interruption, reductions of vGCV below the dose appropriate for their renal function, and discontinuation or interruption of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) and mycophenolate due to myelosuppression were common, and patients exposed to vGCV were more likely to require G-CSF (Table 1). Opportunistic infections during holding of TMP-SMZ or vGCV, incident CMV resistance mutations, and rejection events occurring when mycophenolate was held for myelosuppression were extremely rare. After adjusting for age, BMI, and SOT type, vGCV exposure remained strongly associated with the risk of incident leukopenia (Table 2).Median age was 56  years, 1040 (63%) were male, median BMI was 26.8  kg/mExposure to vGCV prophylaxis in SOT recipients is associated with high rates of hematologic toxicities, although downstream clinical consequences of these toxicities are relatively rare.Sarah P. Hammond, MD, F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|Seres therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant Sophia Koo, MD, SM, Aerium Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Posaconazole is a potent broad spectrum mould-active triazole that is increasingly used in children for treatment of aspergillosis, mucormycosis, and endemic mycoses. Although posaconazole has a favorable safety profile in pediatric patients, we recently observed an excess mineralocorticoid syndrome characterized by hypertension and hypokalemia within three weeks of treatment initiation in two patients. Both showed endocrinological evidence of posaconazole inhibition of 11-\u03b2-hydroxylase. As this condition is seldom reported in children, we conducted a systematic review of the literature for reports of this condition in pediatric cases.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ and https://scholar.google.com/) was performed using key phrases of pediatrics (< 18 years) plus posaconazole plus hypertension, hypokalemia, mineralocorticoid excess, or 11-\u03b2-hydroxylase. Variables included age, sex, underlying condition, indication for posaconazole, blood pressure > 95th% for age and height, time from exposure to posaconazole to onset of hypertension, hypokalemia (\u22643mEq/L), plasma aldosterone, serum 11- deoxycorticosterone, and serum 11-deoxycortisol.A systematic review of the literature . Four of 5 patients were male. Patients were treated for mucormycosis, histoplasmosis or ABPA. All patients developed hypertension within three weeks of starting posaconazole. Hypokalemia occurred in 4 out of 5 cases. Consistent with posaconazole inhibition of 11-\u03b2-hydroxylase, patients with available data had elevated serum 11- deoxycorticosterone, and/or elevated serum 11-deoxycortisol, and/or decreased or undetectable plasma aldosterone. All patients were managed with antihypertensive therapy.Children who develop hypertension and hypokalemia within 3 weeks of receiving posaconazole should be evaluated further for an excess mineralocorticoid syndrome and 11-\u03b2-hydroxylase inhibition. Management may consist of discontinuation of posaconazole and/or initiation of antihypertensive therapy.Jong Chung, MD, Cardinal Health: Advisor/Consultant|Dispersol Technologies: Advisor/Consultant|Forma Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Global Blood Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Thomas J. Walsh, MD PhD, Abbott: Advisor/Consultant|Amplyx: Grant/Research Support|Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Karyopharm: Advisor/Consultant|Lediant: Advisor/Consultant|Lediant: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Omeros: Advisor/Consultant|Omeros: Grant/Research Support|Partner Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Statera: Advisor/Consultant|T2 Biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|T2 Biosystems: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Candida species are common colonizers in deceased donors managed in the intensive care environment, and transmission to the recipient through transplantation is a described phenomenon. We sought to characterize Candida transmission events in the US SOT population.Solid organ transplantation (SOT) is lifesaving, but donor-derived infections can be associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Candida occurred.Cases referred to Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) Disease Transmission Advisory Committee (DTAC) between 2012 and 2022 as potential donor disease transmission events (PDDTE) were adjudicated by DTAC based on consensus definitions. We included all recipients from any donor in which \u22651 proven or probable (P/P) or possible transmission of Candida in culture occurred in 24 of 40 donors and 63 of 124 recipients. Recipients were frequently bacteremic and had Candida growth at site of explanted kidney (Table 2). Mycotic aneurysm, bleed or hematoma occurred in 22 SOT recipients, 10 of which were P/P. Allograft explant was performed in 14 recipients (13 kidney and 1 other), 7 of which were P/P. Within 45 days of PDDTE reports, death occurred in 17 SOT recipients . Only 6 of the 17 recipients who died received antifungal therapy. Seven deaths occurred in the 49 mate recipients of the 24 P/P transmissions, though lack of culture results did not support escalating adjudications beyond possible.Forty deceased donors were identified . 124 SOT recipients received organs from these donors including 60 kidney, 27 liver, 15 heart, 14 lung, and 8 multivisceral or other. DTAC adjudications of recipients included 8 proven, 16 probable, 24 possible, 1 unlikely, 51 excluded, and 24 intervention without disease transmission (IWDT). Growth of Donor-derived Candida infections occur with significant associated morbidity, including graft loss, and mortality, especially in kidney recipients. Opportunity exists to further identify risks, improve communication across transplant centers, initiate appropriate antifungal therapy, and improve management of mycotic aneurysm due to candidiasis.Jason D. Goldman, MD, MPH, Adaptive Biotechnologies: Collaborative services agreements|Eli Lilly: Advisor/Consultant|Eli Lilly: Grant/Research Support|Eli Lilly: Honoraria|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Karius, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Monogram Biosciences / Labcorp: Collaborative services agreements|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support Anil J. Trindade, MD, CareDx, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|CareDx, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Veloxis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support Ricardo M. La Hoz, MD, Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Lara A. Danziger-Isakov, MD, MPH, Aicuris: Contracted Clinical Research|Ansun Biopharma: Contracted Clinical Research|Astellas: Contracted Clinical Research|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Contracted Clinical Research|Pfizer: Contracted Clinical Research|Roche Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Contracted Clinical Research"}
{"text": "Aging with HIV has unique challenges, including comorbidities and drug-drug interactions. TANDEM was a retrospective medical chart review conducted across 24 US sites. This subgroup analysis examines stable-switch PWH receiving dolutegravir/lamivudine by age.Eligible PWH were adults initiating dolutegravir/lamivudine prior to September 30, 2020, with \u22656 months of clinical follow-up . Stable-switch PWH were defined as having HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL and on a stable antiretroviral regimen for \u22653 months upon dolutegravir/lamivudine initiation. Clinical characteristics, treatment history, and outcomes were analyzed for 3 age groups among dolutegravir/lamivudine stable-switch PWH. Analyses were descriptive.The number of dolutegravir/lamivudine stable-switch PWH in each age group was 86 (< 50 years), 106 (\u226550 years), and 20 (\u226565 years). A greater proportion of PWH in the older age groups were female sex at birth . More PWH in older age groups had reported comorbidity  and polypharmacy . Avoidance of long-term toxicities was the biggest driver for initiating dolutegravir/lamivudine in the older age groups  while simplification/streamlining of treatment was the most common (27.9%) primary reason for PWH to switch to dolutegravir/lamivudine in the < 50 years group . For PWH < 50 years, 95.3% remained virologically suppressed for the study period. Similarly, 96.2% of PWH \u226550 years and 95.0% of PWH \u226565 years remained virologically suppressed for the study period . Three PWH with nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) resistance at baseline remained suppressed.Virological suppression rates were high and similar by age group among dolutegravir/lamivudine stable-switch PWH despite higher rates of comorbidities and polypharmacy in the older age groups. This real-world analysis is consistent with clinical study data supporting dolutegravir/lamivudine as an effective treatment strategy in older PWH.Andrew P. Brogan, PhD, ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Jihad Slim, MD, FACP, ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Gustavo Verdier, BSc, BPharm, MBA, ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Gavin Harper, BA, ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Katie L. Mycock, MChem, ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Hannah Wallis, MS, ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Cynthia Donovan, PharmD, ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "In the TACKLE phase 3 outpatient treatment study, 600-mg AZD7442 (tixagevimab/cilgavimab) in adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 significantly reduced progression to severe disease or death over 29 days and was well-tolerated at primary analysis. Here, we report final safety findings from TACKLE.In TACKLE (NCT04723394), non-hospitalized adults with mild to moderate COVID-19 were randomized 1:1 and dosed \u22647 days from symptom onset with 600-mg AZD7442 (N=452) or placebo (N=451). Results are reported from the January 22, 2023 final data cut-off. The primary safety endpoint was assessment of adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and AEs of special interest (AESIs). A cardiovascular events adjudication committee independently evaluated 5 event types .Table). The most common AEs were COVID-19, post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, and COVID-19 pneumonia. Reinfection with COVID-19 within 6 months occurred in 1 (0.2%) and 2 (0.4%) participants in the AZD7442 and placebo groups, respectively . Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity; 33 (7.3%) and 51 (11.3%) of participants in the AZD7442 and placebo groups, respectively, reported an AE of grade 3 (severe) or 4 (life-threatening). SAEs occurred in 46 (10.2%) and 65 (14.4%) AZD7442 and placebo participants, and deaths in 8 (1.8%) and 8 (1.8%), respectively. AESIs occurred 4.2% and 3.8% of AZD7442 and placebo participants, respectively, including 0.4% and 0.2% with cardiovascular disorders categorized as AESIs. Cardiovascular events occurring in 4 (0.9%) participants in both groups were evaluated by an adjudication committee, with 1 (0.2%) participant in both groups having a positively adjudicated event.Across both the AZD7442 and placebo groups, 797 (87.6%) participants completed the study. Median follow-up was \u223c15 months or 458.5 days in the AZD7442 group and 458.0 days in the placebo group. AEs occurred in 251 (55.5%) and 252 (55.9%) of participants administered AZD7442 and placebo, respectively (This analysis provides further evidence of the long-term safety of AZD7442 as treatment for COVID-19.F.D. Richard Hobbs, FMedSci, AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|National Institute for Health and Care Research: Grant/Research Support|UK Research and Innovation: Grant/Research Support Hugh Montgomery, MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Millfield Medical Electronics Ltd: Advisor/Consultant Francisco Padilla, MD, Amgen: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|Boehringer Ingelheim: Grant/Research Support|Ferrer: Grant/Research Support|Kowa: Grant/Research Support|Medix: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck Sharp and Dohme: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Servier: Grant/Research Support|Silanes: Grant/Research Support Jesus Abraham Sim\u00f3n Campos, MD, AstraZeneca: Expert Testimony|Atea: Advisor/Consultant|Eli Lilly: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Expert Testimony|Regeneron: Expert Testimony|Roche: Expert Testimony Douglas Arbetter, MPH, AstraZeneca: Employement|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Seth Seegobin, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Alexandre Kiazand, MD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Katie Streicher, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Nuria Martinez-Alier, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Employement|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Taylor Cohen, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employement|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Mark T. Esser, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "MenACWY and MenB are commonly used vaccines to prevent invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), targeting serogroups A, B, C, W, Y. MenABCWY combination vaccines are under development and could provide increased vaccine coverage of serogroups. This qualitative study aimed to identify concepts affecting preferences in adolescents (Ado) and parents/caregivers (P/C) decision making towards combination vaccine in the US.Two focus group discussions (FGD), 90-minutes with Ado (16-23 years) and P/C of adolescents (16-18 years) were conducted (Table 1). Guides were developed based on a targeted literature review to investigate preferences for potential features of a combination vaccine. Participants were presented with IMD and vaccines information. Important/least important factors for decision-making were transcribed in response to open-ended/probes questions. FGDs were coded to apply thematic assessment. Results were synthesized separately by moderator-probed and spontaneously mentioned themes. Percentages were calculated on participant numbers contributing to a theme.Thirteen participants were included in FGDs . Ado preferred a combination vaccine which provided time saving (100%) and convenience (83%) by reducing the number of injections in the immunization series (100%) and number of visits (100%). P/C considered injection site discomfort (71%) as an important decision factor for a combination vaccine, however Ado considered this as least important (100%). Both groups considered impact on healthcare system and environment as least important for a combination vaccine (55%) (Table 3). Cross-protection against other infectious disease  and spontaneous themes  emerged (Table 4). These concepts were considered relevant for combination vaccine decision-making, although could be applicable to IMD vaccination more generally.The findings suggest vaccine-receivers preferred a combination vaccine covering serogroups A, B, C, W, Y, with simplified schedules (e.g. fewer visits and injections) and potential cross-protection against other infectious diseases.Shahina Begum, GSK: Employee Eliazar Sabater Cabrera, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Linda Hortobagyi, MSc, GSK: Contractor Twinkle Khera, Mtech, IQVIA: Advisor/Consultant Selene Camargo Correa, PhD, IQVIA: Advisor/Consultant Laurie Batchelder, PhD, IQVIA: Advisor/Consultant Zeki Kocaata, PhD, GSK: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pathogen in older adults, little is known about the social risk factors for RSV hospitalization in this population. In this study, we sought to evaluate the social determinants of RSV-related hospitalizations in older adults.From October 2018 to March 2020, we enrolled patients \u226550 years of age who were admitted with an acute respiratory infection (ARI) or CHF/COPD exacerbation at two Emory University hospitals. Enrolled patients were interviewed regarding their medical and social history and their medical charts were abstracted. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs and standard-of-care specimens were obtained for BioFire\u00ae Respiratory Panel analysis. Demographic, interview responses, and selected comorbidities were compared with bivariate analysis and generated a stepwise logistic regression model with inclusion in the model set at 0.05. Statistical analysis was performed using SAS v.9.4.Of the 1429 enrolled participants, 78 (5.5%) were RSV-positive (Table 1). Compared to RSV-negative participants, those with RSV were more commonly female , immunocompromised  and particularly with HIV/AIDS , and had traveled > 100 miles in the prior 2 weeks . No significant differences were found between the groups by baseline health status or other comorbidities. Participants with RSV had higher frequency of low to moderate activity at baseline than those who were RSV-negative. No significant differences were identified for those living with children or performing childcare \u2265 6 hours a week. Adjusting for sex, activity frequency, travel, and immunocompromised status, those who were male , exercised 2-3 times per week , traveled , or were immunocompromised  had greater odds of RSV positivity compared to the reference groups (Table 2).Among ARI hospitalizations, RSV prevalence was higher for female sex, immunocompromised status, and those that travelled within the preceding two weeks. Understanding risk factors for severe RSV hospitalization may inform prevention recommendations.Elizabeth Begier, M.D., M.P.H., Pfizer: EB is an employee of Pfizer, the sponsor of this study|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Qing Liu, M.S., Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Bradford J. Gessner, M.D., M.P.H., Pfizer: I am an employee of Pfizer|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Benjamin Lopman, PhD, Epidemiological Research and Methods, LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Hillevax, Inc: Advisor/Consultant Nadine Rouphael, MD, Icon, EMMES, Sanofi, Seqirus, Moderna: Advisor/Consultant Satoshi Kamidani, MD, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Emergent BioSolutions: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc: Grant/Research Support Evan J. Anderson, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc.: Safety Monitoring Board|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Currently an employee|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Safety Monitoring Board|WCG/ACI Clinical: Data Adjudication Board Christina A. Rostad, MD, BioFire Inc.: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|MedImmune LLC: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: RSV vaccine technology|Merck & Co., Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Micron Technology, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|PaxVax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Two independent placebo-controlled clinical trials conducted prior to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron demonstrated that sotrovimab and remdesivir reduced hospitalization among high-risk outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19. However, their effectiveness have not been directly compared.This retrospective study examined all high-risk outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 who received either remdesivir or sotrovimab at Mayo Clinic during the Omicron BA.1 surge from January to March 2022. COVID-19-related hospitalization or death within 28 days were compared between the two treatment groups.Among 3,257 patients, 2,158 received sotrovimab and 1,099 received remdesivir. Patients treated with sotrovimab were younger  and had lower comorbidity , but were more likely to be immunocompromised (47.3% vs. 30.2%) than remdesivir-treated patients. The majority (89%) had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine . COVID-19-related hospitalization  and mortality within 28 days  were similarly low. A propensity score weighted analysis demonstrated no significant difference in the rates of COVID-related hospitalization and death within 28 days between the two groups.This study demonstrated favorable outcomes that were not significantly different between patients treated with remdesivir or sotrovimab. As sotrovimab is no longer authorized, these results support the continued use of remdesivir for treating high-risk patients with COVID-19 during the current Omicron-predominant epoch.Christina G. Rivera (O'Connor), Pharm.D, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Board Member|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Honoraria Maria Gonzalez Suarez, M.D., Ph.D., Gilead: Grant/Research Support Ravindra Ganesh, M.B.B.S., M.D., Alpaca Health: Advisor/Consultant Raymund R. Razonable, MD, Allovir: Endpoint Adjudication Committee|American Society of Transplantation: Board Member|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: DSMB|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "When remdesivir was approved for non-hospitalized, high-risk patients with mild to moderate COVID-19, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital (TCH) implemented an outpatient clinic for eligible patients to receive remdesivir infusions. There are limited data evaluating the use of outpatient remdesivir in pediatric patients. We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the patients treated with outpatient remdesivir at TCH.Patients that were referred to receive outpatient remdesivir from June 7, 2022 to April 5, 2023 were included. Information collected includes demographics, comorbidities, refusal reason, adverse events, emergency center (EC) visit or admission within 14 days after final dose, and EC visit or admission within 14 days of referral if patients did not receive remdesivir. Chi-square was used to determine differences between the groups.There were 187 patients referred during the study period. The median age of all referred patients was 8.8 years (IQR 4.84-12.96 years). The median time from reported symptom onset to dose 1 of remdesivir was 2 days (IQR 1-4 days). The comorbidities of all patients are listed in Figure 1. Out of the 182 patients, 69 patients (37.9%) received remdesivir, 10 patients (5.5%) were admitted prior to receiving their first dose, and 107 (58.8%) were not treated. The most common refusal reason was improvement between the referral and treatment evaluation visit . Among those treated, 8 patients (11.6%) visited the EC resulting in 7 admissions (10.1%) within 14 days of their last dose of remdesivir, while 7 patients (6.5%) that were referred but did not receive remdesivir visited the EC resulting in 3 admissions (2.8%) within 14 days of their referral being placed (p=0.04). More serious underlying conditions  were more common among treated patients vs. untreated patients (p=0.00002).Outpatient remdesivir was well tolerated among pediatric patients. In our series, the majority of high- risk patients receiving outpatient remdesivir treatment did not require subsequent EC visit or hospitalization. More robust data are needed to determine the clinical efficacy of this treatment for pediatric patients in the outpatient setting.Lisa Forbes Satter, MD, ADMA: Advisor/Consultant|CsL Behring: Advisor/Consultant|Grifols: Advisor/Consultant|incyte: Advisor/Consultant|Pharming: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Flor M. Munoz, MD, MSc, CDC respiratory virus surveillance: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, sanofi, aztra zeneca, Merck, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: DSMB|NIH COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Pediatric COVID-19 vaccines: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Dynavax, Monderna, Meissa, NIH: DSMB"}
{"text": "Antibiotic resistant infections commonly occur in healthcare settings, but the prevalence of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in healthy individuals in the community is unknown. We provide an initial assessment of nasopharyngeal carriage of ARGs conferring resistance to macrolides and/or lincosamides, including erm, mph, ABC-F, and lnu genes.Nasopharyngeal swabs were systematically obtained at enrollment and weekly thereafter from children and adults enrolled in a household-based prospective cohort study in Lima, Peru. Samples were sequenced using the Illumina Respiratory Pathogen/ID AMR Panel to detect common respiratory bacteria and ARGs. We defined \u2018any erm gene\u2019 (erm) as the detection of any specific erm gene class, \u2018any mph gene\u2019 as detection of any specific mph gene class, \u2018any ABC-F gene\u2019 as any specific ABC-F gene class, and \u2018any lnu gene\u2019 as any specific lnu gene detection. We compared the prevalence of erm, mph, ABC-F and lnu gene colonization at enrollment among age groups  using the Fisher's exact test. We then compared the frequency of co-detection of two or more macrolide or lincosamide ARGs between both pediatric age groups (ages 0-17 years) and both adult age groups (18+ years).114 individuals were included in this analysis (Table 1). At least one macrolide or lincosamide ARG was detected in 61/114 (53.5%) individuals. The prevalence of erm, mph, ABC-F, or lnu gene detection was similar among age groups . Two or more genes were co-detected in 45/114 (39.4%) individuals. Co-detections with two or more erm, mph, ABC-F, or lnu genes were more frequent in children 0-17 years compared to adults 18+ years (p=0.013) .Conclusions: These preliminary results indicate that macrolide or lincosamide ARGs were commonly detected in healthy community-dwelling children and adults in Lima, Peru. The prevalence of erm, mph, ABC-F, and lnu genes was similar across age groups, and co-detection of ARGs was more common in children. Future studies will assess changes in ARG carriage over time, transmission among household members, and its clinical relevance.\u202f\u202fClaudio Lanata, MD, MPH, CureVAc AG Germany: Grant/Research Support|HilleVac Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|HilleVac Inc.: Grant/Research Support Carlos G. Grijalva, MD, MPH, AHRQ: Grant/Research Support|CDC: Grant/Research Support|FDA: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Syneos Health: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB), including right-sided infective endocarditis (NCT03138733). We reported molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) along with the clinical outcomes.A Phase 3 clinical trial evaluated ceftobiprole (BPR) for the treatment of spa, and SCCmec types.94 patients had MRSA isolated from baseline blood cultures, 90 of which were available for molecular characterization. Susceptibility testing used the CLSI broth microdilution method. Total genomic DNA was extracted and sequenced. Assembled genomes were used to determine multilocus sequence typing (MLST), clonal complex (CC), A total of 10 CC were present within the 90 isolates. 71 (78.9%) MRSA fell into 3 predominant clones: CC8, CC22, and CC5 (Table). Among CC8 , 4 ST8-like  from USA (3) and Ukraine (1) were presumptively designated as USA300, whereas 12 ST239  from Bulgaria (1), Georgia (1), Russia (1), Serbia (2), and Ukraine (7) were designated as the Hungarian clone. Other ST8-like MRSA  from Ukraine (15), Russia (2), Spain (1), and Argentina (1) were identified as USA300LAV. Nineteen  MRSA belonged to CC22/ST22. Fifteen  MRSA were CC5, and included ST5 and related single- (ST225 and ST2704) or double-locus (ST1827) variants. CC5 MRSA were designated as USA100  or USA800 . Other strains were represented by 7 CC, including those associated with livestock infections. Overall, clinical responses (CR) and microbiological eradication (ME) were similar between treatment arms (Table). CR and ME rates were higher in the BPR arm among patients infected with CC5 strains, whereas these rates in the comparator arm were higher in patients infected with CC22 and other CC types.This global SAB trial included patients with MRSA strains belonging to pandemic lineages and those causing infections in United States hospitals. This strain set includes clones previously associated with hospital- and community-acquired infections as well as strains associated with livestock infections. In general, CR and ME were comparable between the 2 study arms with small differences in outcomes by CC type.Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Leonard R. Duncan, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support John H. Kimbrough, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Thomas L. Holland, MD, Aridis: Advisor/Consultant|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Advisor/Consultant|Karius: Advisor/Consultant|Lysovant: Advisor/Consultant Vance G. Fowler, MD, MHS, Amphliphi Biosciences, Integrated Biotherapeutics; C3J, Armata, Valanbio; Akagera, Aridis, Roche, Astra Zeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech, Regeneron, Deep Blue, Basilea, Janssen;: Grant/Research Support|Infectious Diseases Society of America: Honoraria|MedImmune, Allergan, Pfizer, Advanced Liquid Logics, Theravance, Novartis, Merck; Medical Biosurfaces; Locus; Affinergy; Contrafect; Karius;: Grant/Research Support|Novartis, Debiopharm, Genentech, Achaogen, Affinium, Medicines Co., MedImmune, Bayer, Basilea, Affinergy, Janssen, Contrafect, Regeneron, Destiny,: Advisor/Consultant|Sepsis diagnostic: Patent pending|UpToDate: Royalties|Valanbio and ArcBio: Stock Options Mark E. Jones, PhD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Marc Engelhardt, MD, Astellas Pharma Global Development, Inc.: Support for the present publication|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Jennifer Smart, PhD, Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland: Stocks/Bonds Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Multiple combinations of COVID-19 vaccine regimens have been used in Canada throughout the SARS-CoV-2 immunization campaign. Studies evaluating the humoral immune response following COVID-19 vaccination in community dwelling older adults remain limited. This study assessed COVID-19 vaccine elicited antibody responses in older adult populations, alongside factors that influence antibody responses.Community dwelling adults aged 50 to 87 years (mean=65) were enrolled (n=612). Detection of index SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG (anti-S-IgG) concentration and surrogate neutralization were performed on dried blood spot samples via two multiplex assays . Anti-S-IgG concentration and surrogate neutralization were quantified following mRNA  or viral vector (ChAdOx1-S [ChAd]) vaccination. Vaccine groups were compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons tests. Multivariable regression analyses evaluated influences of demographic and clinical factors on humoral immune responses.P=0.009) post dose three. Three dose mixed vaccination with ChAd, m-1273 and BNT resulted in comparable anti-S-IgG concentration to three dose m-1273 at four months post dose three. Three doses of either m-1273 or mixed mRNA containing vaccines was associated with significantly higher surrogate neutralization compared with three BNT doses at four months  post dose three. No significant difference in anti-S-IgG concentration was observed in four dose vaccination regimens. SARS-CoV-2 infection, health status of excellent or very good, and m-1273 containing vaccine regimens positively influenced the antibody response.Three doses of m-1273 resulted in significantly higher anti-S-IgG compared with three BNT doses at four months (geometric mean concentration; 10167 AU/mL vs. 5412 AU/mL, Immunization schedules including a minimum of one m-1273 dose elicited the strongest and most durable antibody responses compared with BNT only containing regimens. There is no established correlate of protection for COVID-19, and as such this data should be interpreted alongside vaccine effectiveness studies. Omicron and XBB specific antibody responses will be compared.Sofia R. Bartlett, PhD, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Abbvie: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support Theodore Steiner, MD, FRCPC, Edesa: Grant/Research Support|Ferring: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring: Grant/Research Support|Qu Biologics: Advisor/Consultant|Qu Biologics: Stocks/Bonds|Seres: Grant/Research Support Manish Sadarangani, BM BCh, FRCPC, DPhil, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support|Symvivo: Grant/Research Support|VBI Vaccines: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine booster dose, composed of mRNA from ancestral and Omicron BA.4/BA.5 strains, was recommended for adolescents aged \u226512 years on September 1, 2022, and for children aged 5\u201311 years on October 12, 2022. However, data demonstrating the effectiveness of bivalent boosters among children and adolescents are limited. During Omicron variant sublineage predominance, September 4, 2022 \u2013 February 4, 2023, we conducted a multicenter prospective cohort study at 7 sites in the United States to assess vaccine effectiveness (VE) of bivalent COVID-19 vaccine boosters against laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 virus infection among children aged 5\u201317 years.Participants collected weekly nasal swabs, irrespective of symptoms, and at onset of symptoms if present outside of their weekly swab cadence. Vaccination status was captured from periodic surveys (self-report), supplemented with queries from the state immunization information systems, and abstraction of electronic medical records system, when available. All respiratory swabs were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Symptomatic infection was defined as \u22652 COVID-like illness symptoms within 7 days of specimen collection. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios of infections comparing participants with receipt of a bivalent booster to participants without , adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, underlying health conditions, prior infection status, geographic site, and local virus prevalence.Among 3,331 participants aged 5-17 years, adjusted VE against infection was 51% (95% CI: 29\u201366%). When stratified by age, adjusted VE was 48% (95% CI: 15-68%) for 5-11 year old participants and 55% (95% CI: 17-76%) for 12-17 year old participants. Against symptomatic infection, adjusted VE among 5-17 year old participants was 51% (95% CI: 14-72%).These results demonstrate that the COVID-19 bivalent booster reduces risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptomatic illness among children and adolescents. All eligible children and adolescents should remain up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccinations.Helen Y. Chu, MD, MPH, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Ellume: Advisor/Consultant|Ellume: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Vir: Advisor/Consultant Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant Emily T. Martin, PhD, MPH, Merck: Grant/Research Support Arnold Monto, MD, Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Burkholderia species can cause chronic and often severe respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The treatment of infections Burkholderia isolates is complicated by low cell permeability to most antimicrobial agents, presence of beta-lactamases and expression of efflux systems. We evaluated the activity of meropenem-vaborbactam (MEV) and comparator agents tested against Burkholderia spp. isolates collected during a surveillance study.Burkholderia spp. isolates were received as part of a global surveillance program from 2014 to 2022. Isolates were identified using MALDI-TOF MS and included B. cenocepacia (11), B. cepacia species complex , B. gladioli (28) and B. multivorans (21). Isolates were susceptibility (S) tested by reference broth microdilution methods and CLSI interpretative criteria was applied for comparator agents for BCC isolates. Meropenem (MEM) alone breakpoints published by CLSI for BCC or EUCAST for Pseudomonas aeruginosa breakpoints were applied for MEV for comparison purposes.A total of 328 50/90, 1/2 mg/L) inhibited 95.1% of the BCC isolates at \u22644 mg/L and 97.0% at \u22648 mg/L. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/S), MEM and ceftazidime (CAZ) were active against 87.7%, 86.9% and 84.3% of the BCC isolates, respectively and levofloxacin and minocycline inhibited 63.4% and 82.5% of BCC isolates, respectively. Against B. multivorans (21), MEV  inhibited 95.2% of the isolates at \u22644 mg/L or \u22648 mg/L while MEM inhibited 71.4% of the isolates at \u22644 mg/L and 95.2% of the isolates at \u22648 mg/L. T/S and CAZ were active against 71.4% and 81.0% of the B. multivorans isolates. T/S MEV, MEM and CAZ were active against all 11 B. cenocepacia isolates. MEM and MEV  exhibited the same activity against 28 B. gladioli isolates.MEV (MICBurkholderia spp. isolates can lead to respiratory failure which is the primary cause of mortality and morbidity in CF patients. Despite the elevated susceptibility rates for the therapies of choice for these isolates, T/S, CAZ and MEM resistant isolates have been reported. MEV demonstrated good activity against BCC isolates that are commonly recovered from CF patients.Chronic pulmonary infections caused by Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Dee Shortridge, PhD, Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Kelley Fedler, BS, Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Annual influenza vaccine is universally recommended for high-risk adults, but effectiveness varies between 19-60% in the general population by season and is markedly lower for specific high-risk groups, underscoring the need for novel prophylactic interventions. Though abundant in vaccine effectiveness studies, direct evidence quantifying influenza risk in vaccinated high-risk adults is limited. We aimed to estimate incidence of post-vaccination medically attended influenza-like Illness (ILI) and subsequent hospitalization among adults with chronic diseases and immunosuppression.U.S. adults who received an influenza vaccine in influenza seasons 2015-2019 were identified using Optum commercial claims database (inpatient and outpatient). Known risk factors for influenza were assessed prior to vaccination, while medically attended ILI and subsequent hospitalization (within 30 days) were ascertained post-vaccination. Incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for individual patient risk subgroup during the study period while maintaining sample independence across years. Relative risks were calculated using all vaccinated with or without risk as control.Among 5,195,160 vaccinated adults , annual incidence of medically attended ILI was 2.04 [95% CI 2.03-2.06] per 100 person-years and 0.25 [0.25-0.26] per 100 person-years for ILI-related hospitalization. ILI-related hospitalization risk was the highest for immunocompromised transplant patients , late-stage kidney disease (RR: 5.4-7.4), and severe chronic lung disease (RR: 4.6-5.4), with likelihood of hospitalization after ILI up to 51.3%. More than half of ILI-related hospitalizations were in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, heart failure, or late-stage kidney disease.Immunocompromised and individuals with severe chronic cardiopulmonary or renal disease retained the highest residual risk of ILI-related hospitalization despite vaccination. Additional prophylactic intervention complementing vaccination could potentially offer enhanced protection for these patients.Natalia Zemlianskaia, PhD, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Employee|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds Amanda Zheutlin, PhD, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Employee Yoshihiko Murata, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Current employee of Gilead Sciences|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds|Merck Research Laboratories: Listed as co inventor in a patent|Merck Research Laboratories: Former employee of Merck Research Laboratories|ViiV Healthcare: Former employee of ViiV Healthcare Jyotsna Bhattacharya, MD, FAAP, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Current Employee|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds Geoffroy Coteur, PhD, Janssen Pharmaceutica: Honoraria|Janssen Pharmaceutica: Stocks/Bonds Gabriela Ispas, PhD, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Current Employee|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds Jorge Villacian, MD, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Current Employee|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds Jason Chien, MD, MS, Janssen Biopharma: Stocks/Bonds David Hong, MD, Janssen: Former employee|Janssen: Stocks/Bonds|Spero Therapeutics: Employee Jennings Xu, BA, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Employee|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds Breno Neri, PhD, Janssen R&D: Full time employment|Janssen R&D: Stocks/Bonds Khaled Sarsour, PhD, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Employee|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds Tripthi Kamath, PhD, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Employee|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds Xinggang lIU, MD, PhD, Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Current employee|Janssen Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Prior studies demonstrated the vaccine effectiveness and safety of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, but additional data is needed regarding the effects of timing and number of doses on disease severity. This study determined predicted protection against severe COVID-19 by number of vaccine doses.We enrolled adults hospitalized with acute respiratory infection (ARI) and/or related diagnoses at two Emory University hospitals from May 2021 \u2013 Aug 2022. This analysis included COVID-19 positive patients among unvaccinated and 2 or 3 doses of an mRNA vaccine. Vaccinations \u2264 14 days prior to admission were excluded. Medical and social histories were obtained from interviews, medical records, and the state vaccine registry. We used stepwise logistic regression to determine dose-specific odds ratios (OR) against severe outcomes (pneumonia (PNA), length of hospital stay (LOS) \u2265 4 days, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and death). Analysis was performed using SAS v9.4 software.Of the 1,677 total enrollments, 850 were positive for COVID-19. Another 168 were excluded due to lack of vaccine records or other vaccine dosages, 682 were eligible for analysis. Compared to those unvaccinated, vaccinated participants were older, male, and unemployed or on disability. Those with three doses obtained a higher education level than unvaccinated participants. Individuals with comorbidities \u2013 specifically blood disorders, chronic kidney disease, and immunocompromised \u2013 were more often vaccinated. When controlling for race, age, and employment, the odds of PNA ) and ICU admission ) were less for those with two doses than those with none; whereas those with three mRNA doses had less odds of having PNA  and LOS \u2265 4 days ). Predicted protection against severe outcomes persisted 6 months from last dose for PNA, LOS \u2265 4 days, and ICU admission (Table 1).Among COVID-19 positive adults hospitalized with ARIs, both two and three doses of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine predicted protection against severe COVID-19 outcomes, with durability lasting more than 6 months. Future studies should explore the role of additional boosters and vaccine regimens in the prevention of severe COVID-19.Laura A. Puzniak, PhD. MPH, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer, Inc.: Employee|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Srinivas Valluri, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Pfizer Employee and hold Pfizer stocks/options|Pfizer Inc: Ownership Interest|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Timothy L. Wiemken, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Benjamin Lopman, PhD, Epidemiological Research and Methods, LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Hillevax, Inc: Advisor/Consultant Nadine Rouphael, MD, Icon, EMMES, Sanofi, Seqirus, Moderna: Advisor/Consultant Satoshi Kamidani, MD, CDC: Grant/Research Support|Emergent BioSolutions: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Inc: Grant/Research Support Evan J. Anderson, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc.: Safety Monitoring Board|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Currently an employee|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Safety Monitoring Board|WCG/ACI Clinical: Data Adjudication Board Christina A. Rostad, MD, BioFire Inc.: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|MedImmune LLC: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: RSV vaccine technology|Merck & Co., Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Micron Technology, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Grant/Research Support|PaxVax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) is a highly drug-resistant nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) that is an important cause of pulmonary disease (PD). Treatment is limited by the lack of active oral drugs and frequent adverse reactions. EBO is a novel oral, boron-containing antimicrobial that inhibits bacterial leucyl-tRNA synthetase, an essential enzyme in protein synthesis. It has demonstrated encouraging in vitro and in vivo efficacy against MAB in small, limited preclinical studies and is currently in clinical development for the treatment of other NTM-PD. This study evaluated EBO minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against a larger number of recent MAB isolates.MAB isolates collected in 2021 from the United States (n=122) from respiratory sources and in 2019-2022 from Europe (n=25) from respiratory and other sources were tested by broth microdilution according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines using frozen microtiter panels manufactured by ThermoFisher against EBO and a panel of 13 antimicrobials with anti-MAB activity. MIC values were determined after 4-5 days of incubation; if an isolate was susceptible to clarithromycin (CLR) at day 5, it was reread at day 14 to assess for inducible macrolide resistance. Descriptive analyses were done on the MIC values.abscessus, 6 were bolletii, and 40 were massiliense. EBO MIC50/MIC90 for all isolates were 0.06/0.12 mg/L. MICs ranged from 0.03 - 0.25 mg/L and were consistent across subspecies (Table 1). MIC ranges, MIC50, and MIC90 values for all agents are summarized in Table 2. 95 isolates (64.6%) were CLR-resistant, consisting of 73 isolates with inducible and 22 with constitutive resistance. The EBO MIC50/MIC90 values for either CLR-resistant or amikacin (AMK)-resistant isolates remained 0.06/0.12 mg/L.Of the 147 MAB isolates, 101 were subspecies in vitro activity against MAB with MICs from 0.03-0.25 mg/L with similar activity against all subspecies. EBO MICs remained low against MAB isolates that were resistant to other agents, including CLR and AMK. These data demonstrate EBO\u2019s promising in vitro activity versus MAB regardless of subspecies or resistance to current agents and support clinical evaluation of EBO as a therapeutic option for MAB disease.EBO demonstrated potent Tiffany Keepers White, PhD, AN2 Therapeutics: Employee|AN2 Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Charles L. Daley, MD, AN2: Advisor/Consultant|AN2: Grant/Research Support|Aztrazeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Beyond Air: Grant/Research Support|Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation: Data Monitoring Committee|Bugworks: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Advisor/Consultant|Hyfe: Advisor/Consultant|Insmedd: Advisor/Consultant|Insmedd: Grant/Research Support|Juvabis: Grant/Research Support|Lilly: Data Monitoring Committee|MannKind: Advisor/Consultant|Matinas: Advisor/Consultant|Otsuka: Data Monitoring Committee|Paratek: Advisor/Consultant|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Spero: Advisor/Consultant|Zambon: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Psychiatry 23:733 (2023)10.1186/s12888-023-05249-yFollowing publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect caption is: Percentage distribution of CKD stages (n\u2009=\u2009261). CKD: chronic renal failureThe correct caption is: Percentage distribution of CKD stages (n\u2009=\u2009261). CKD: chronic kidney disease.The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) biofilms can be resilient to the human immune system and antibiotics, a challenge augmented by acquired antimicrobial resistance. Phage therapy is being evaluated for biofilm-associated infections.Methicillin-resistant Here, model phages SaMD07\u00f81 and SaRB105030\u00f85 were evaluated against their hosts SaMD07 and SaRB105030, respectively, grown as biofilms in 96-well plates, as biofilms on glass beads and planktonically. Trypticase soy broth (TSB) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were evaluated as testing media . Biofilms were incubated with phages in the presence of media containing tetrazolium dye in 96-well plates and assessed for hold times  over 48 hours (h) using a Biolog Omnilog\u00ae system and by assessing colony forming units (CFUs). Subsequently, using the beads biofilm assay in TSB medium performed on the Omnilog\u00ae (BBTO) , test phage SaMD22\u00f81 was evaluated in quintuplicate against biofilms formed by MRSA isolates IDRL-6130, IDRL-6927, IDRL-6987, IDRL-7381, IDRL-7542 and IDRL-10947, all recovered from periprosthetic joint infection. Test phage K was evaluated against GFP-labelled MRSA AH1263 using BBTO method and simultaneously by fluorescence microscopy.A comparison of result of testing of biofilms in wells and on beads and against planktonic bacteria is shown in Figure 3. Phage SaMD07\u00f81 showed no growth at 4 h; whereas phage SaRB105030\u00f85 showed \u223c1-log decrease in CFUs at 4 h and \u223c3-log decrease in CFUs at 8 h . BBTO hold-times of 37, 28 and 15 h were observed for phages SaMD07\u00f81, SaRB105030\u00f85 and phage K respectively. Phage SaMD22\u00f81 had an average hold time of 9 h and showed hold times >6 hours for all isolates tested . Microscopic inspection showed eradication of GFP-labelled MRSA biofilm by phage K .The solid blue line indicates a hold time of 8 hours.The authors are thankful to Dr. Alexander Horswill at University of Colorado for providing the GFP-labelled MRSA strain.In conclusion, BBTO is a promising method for testing biofilm phage susceptibility although clinical correlation and testing of larger numbers of phage and bacterial isolates are needed.Joseph Fackler, n/a, Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, Inc: Employee|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, Inc: Stocks/Bonds John M. Sowers, n/a, Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Employee|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Robin Patel, MD, Abbott Laboratories: Advisor/Consultant|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Mayo Clinic has a royalty-bearing know-how agreement and equity in Adaptive Phage Therapeutics.|BIOFIRE: Grant/Research Support|CARB-X: Advisor/Consultant|ContraFect: Grant/Research Support|Day Zero Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Advisor/Consultant|Mammoth Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Netflix: Advisor/Consultant|Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Advisor/Consultant|PhAST: Advisor/Consultant|See details: Patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis PCR issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic|See details: continued, patent on an anti-biofilm substance issued|TenNor Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Torus Biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|Trellis Bioscience, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Babesiosis is a tick-borne disease frequently encountered in the region of New England in the US, with increasing incidence and complications ranging from hemolysis to end-organ damage and death. Immunocompromised (IC) patients and patients with impaired splenic function are at increased risk of complications and relapse.This was a multicenter, retrospective study cohort of adult patients diagnosed with babesiosis from 03/2015 \u2013 03/2023 at two institutions. Patient demographics, diagnostic testing, treatment, and outcomes were obtained from the electronic medical record. We aimed to investigate how patient risk factors, complications, length of therapy, and frequency of relapse inform clinical decisions in IC patients.Borrelia spp. 54 patients (95%) received initial treatment with combinations of azithromycin , atovaquone , clindamycin , and quinine  with a median duration of 24.5 days [IQR 11-46]). Median treatment duration was shorter in those who were asplenic only  compared to those IC with splenic function  and those who were IC and asplenic . 3 patients did not receive treatment against Babesia. Prior to therapy discontinuation, 37 (65%) of patients had a documented negative smear, and 12 (21%) were PCR negative. 3 cases (5%) experienced a relapse, with 1 patient remaining PCR positive before treatment discontinuation. 4 patients (7%) died within 90 days of babesia diagnosis, with 1 death (2%) secondary to babesiosis [Table 1].We identified 57 IC or asplenic/hyposplenic patients with babesiosis. Median age was 66 (IQR 60\u201376) and 40 (70%) were male. 45 patients (79%) were IC, 21 (37%) were asplenic, and 9 (16%) were both. The initial diagnostic test was a peripheral blood smear in 38 (67%). 25 (35%) were also co-infected with Our analysis demonstrates a low relapse and babesiosis-related mortality rate in this cohort, where IC patients typically receive a prolonged treatment course. Parasitemia detection by blood smear continues to be the initial test to determine disease severity and clearance of parasitemia. Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal length of therapy and criteria for therapy cessation, including the role of PCR.Courtney E. Harris, MD, Dynamed: Advisor/Consultant Sarah P. Hammond, MD, F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|Seres therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant Nicolas C. Issa, MD, AiCuris: Grant/Research Support|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Boehringer Ingelheim: Advisor/Consultant|Fujifilm: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Hand hygiene reliability is a top priority in healthcare. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) programs often rely on clinical personnel to audit hand hygiene performance. Interrater reliability among auditors is critical to ensuring data validity. We evaluated whether spaced education, which increases long-term knowledge retention, could be integrated into auditor competency assessment.113 trained hand hygiene auditors were enrolled in a 13-month online spaced-education platform to assess their mastery of knowledge needed for the role. We delivered 46 unique questions  followed by rationale; we retired questions after 3 correct answers. A 10-item survey consisting of 9 Likert-scale questions and one free-text comment was emailed to gauge participant satisfaction with the competency program. Frequencies and percentages were used to summarize Likert responses, and themes were elicited from comments.From November 2021 to December 2022, a total of 12,120 questions were attempted, and 32 of 113 auditors (28%) completed the competency. Auditors answered 70% of questions correctly on the first attempt and 83% on the final attempt. 30 of 113 auditors (27%) responded to the survey. The majority agreed the number and complexity of questions were appropriate . 87% reported the platform easy to navigate, 63% reported the spaced-education model worked, and 77% agreed adequate time was provided for completion. 30% of respondents reported the individual competition as enjoyable. Time and effort required for completion was the most common theme identified among auditor comments; several respondents recommended fewer questions at a narrower spacing interval over a shorter time frame due to competing work demands; 5 individuals expressed a preference for an annual computer-based module.A spaced education competency program improved hand hygiene auditor knowledge in the short term. Completion rate was low and participants expressed a desire for fewer questions over a shorter time frame. This study offers insight into ways to optimize spaced education as a potential tool for hand hygiene competency assessment.Ana M. Vaughan-Malloy, MD, MPH, Asana: Stocks/Bonds|Aurora: Stocks/Bonds|Ayr Wellness: Stocks/Bonds|Bionano Genomics: Stocks/Bonds|Butterfly Network: Stocks/Bonds|Canopy Growth: Stocks/Bonds|Cresco Labs: Stocks/Bonds|CRISPR Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds|Cronos Group: Stocks/Bonds|Curaleaf Holdings: Stocks/Bonds|Editas Medicine: Stocks/Bonds|Green Thumb Industries: Stocks/Bonds|High Tide: Stocks/Bonds|Iovance Biotherapeutics: Stocks/Bonds|Jushi Holdings: Stocks/Bonds|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds|Organigram Holdings: Stocks/Bonds|Pacific Biosciences of California: Stocks/Bonds|Personalis: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|SNDL Inc: Stocks/Bonds|Terrascend: Stocks/Bonds|Tilray Brands: Stocks/Bonds|Trulieve: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Cabotegravir + rilpivirine (CAB+RPV) injections, the first complete long-acting (LA) antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen, was approved by the FDA in January 2021 for ART-experienced people with HIV (PWH) who are virologically suppressed (VL < 50 copies/mL). Among individuals virologically non-suppressed (VL \u2265 30 copies/mL) at initiation, high rates of virologic suppression were observed in the demonstration project at Ward 86 for CAB+RPV LA. We observed CAB+RPV LA real-world utilization and effectiveness over the first 2 years of availability in the United States (US) in individuals with VL \u2265 50 copies/mL at initiation in the OPERA\u00ae Cohort.All ART-experienced adults with VL \u2265 50 copies/mL at initiation who received their first CAB+RPV LA injection between 21Jan2021 and 28Feb2023 were followed until 25Mar2023. Discontinuation (ART switch or 2 consecutive missed doses) and confirmed virologic failure  were described, for all individuals with VL \u2265 50 copies/mL and for the subset with VL \u2265 200 copies/mL.Of 1843 ART-experienced PWH with \u2265 1 CAB+RPV injections, 229 (12%) had a VL \u2265 50 copies/mL at initiation. At baseline, they were a median of 41  years of age, 31% female, 57% Black and 20% Hispanic. Injections started a median of 9  years after HIV diagnosis with a median viral load of 2.1  log copies/mL and median CD4 count of 579  cells/\u03bcL (Table 1). Over a median of 6.1  months of follow-up, 83% were still on CAB+RPV LA at study end. Among the 80% with \u2265 1 VL over follow-up, 94% had a VL < 200 copies/mL and 75% had a VL < 50 copies/mL at study end. CVF was observed in 7 (4%) individuals (Table 2). Similarly for the subset of 93 individuals with a VL \u2265 200 copies/mL at initiation, 90% and 74% had a VL < 200 or < 50 copies/mL at study end, respectively, when follow-up VLs were available (Table 2).In a large, diverse cohort of real-world, routine clinical care in the US, CAB+RPV LA injections were observed in individuals with viral loads \u2265 50 copies/mL at initiation. Most of these individuals were able to suppress to VL < 50 copies/mL and maintain suppression through study end.Ricky K. Hsu, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Honoraria|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Honoraria Michael Sension, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Grant/Research Support|Viiv: Honoraria Jennifer S. Fusco, BS, Epividian, Inc.: Salary|Epividian, Inc.: Ownership Interest|Epividian, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Laurence Brunet, PhD, Epividian, Inc.: Salary|Epividian, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Gayathri Sridhar, MBBS, MPH, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Full Time Employee Vani Vannappagari, MBBS, MPH, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Jean A. van Wyk, MBChB, MFPM, ViiV Healthcare Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Michael B. Wohlfeiler, JD, MD, AAHIVS, ViiV Healthcare: Serves as a PI on clinical trials, but does not receive personal compensation for this work  Gregory P. Fusco, MD, MPH, Epividian, Inc.: Board Member|Epividian, Inc.: Ownership Interest|Epividian, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "CAB+RPV LA is the only complete long-acting regimen for treatment of virologically suppressed PWH. Administered monthly or every 2 months by a healthcare provider, CAB+RPV LA may alleviate adherence challenges with daily oral therapy. The ABOVE study evaluated real-world adherence and persistence to CAB+RPV LA versus remaining on oral ART regimens.ABOVE was a retrospective US cohort study using Symphony Health Solutions Integrated Dataverse administrative claims database from 01/01/2020 to 12/31/2022. PWH \u226512 years of age on stable guideline-recommended oral ART were categorized into those initiating CAB+RPV LA and those remaining on oral ART. Index date was defined as first injection between 01/01/2021 and 6/30/2022 (CAB+RPV LA cohort) or imputed for the oral ART cohort. PWH were required to have \u22656 months of follow-up after index. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) weights were generated based on propensity scores to balance baseline characteristics between cohorts. Adherence (proportion of days covered (PDC) \u22650.9 over 6-months following index) and persistence to the index regimen (days from index to the earliest of treatment discontinuation or end of follow-up) were compared. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for adherence.393,484 PWH were identified during the study period. After applying eligibility criteria, 130,362 in the oral ART cohort (N=950 after weighting) and 947 in the CAB+RPV LA cohort comprised the analysis sample. Key baseline characteristics were balanced post SMR weighting (Table 1). Majority of CAB+RPV LA dosing was every two months only (50%) or switched from monthly to every two months (33%). A higher proportion of PWH in the CAB+RPV LA cohort were adherent  and had higher persistence  compared with the oral ART cohort (Table 2). PWH in the CAB+RPV LA cohort had significantly higher adjusted odds of being adherent compared to the oral ART cohort .These data demonstrate that, among US PWH on stable oral ART, switching to long-acting ART resulted in significantly higher adherence and persistence, a critical aspect of long-term success of HIV treatment, compared with remaining on oral ART.Cindy Garris, MS, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Raj Desai, PhD, Analysis Group, Inc: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Rose Chang, ScD, Analysis Group, Inc.: Employee|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Louise Clear, MPH, Analysis Group, Inc.: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Zhuo Chen, MPH, Analysis Group, Inc.: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Daisy Liu, MS, Analysis Group, Inc.: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Maral DerSarkissian, PhD, Analysis Group, Inc: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Paula Teichner, PharmD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employment Edgar T. Overton, MD, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Acinetobacter baumannii infections. We sought to characterize SUL and DUR adsorption and transmembrane clearance (CLTM) in an ex vivo CRRT model.Optimal dosing of antibiotics in patients on CRRT is complicated by factors that can influence drug adsorption and clearance including filter type, CRRT mode, effluent rate (ER), and the drug\u2019s properties itself. SUL-DUR is a novel combination antibiotic under development for management of TM was determined in hemofiltration (CVVH) and hemodialysis (CVVHD) modes using the Prismaflex M100 and HF1400 hemofilter sets. One liter of heparinized bovine blood was allowed to circulate in the Prismaflex CRRT system for 10 minutes. SUL and DUR were then added to achieve a plasma concentration of 30 mg/L, the average maximum concentration achieved in humans following SUL-DUR 1g/1g q6h as a 3h infusion. Pre-filter blood, post-filter blood and effluent samples were collected at 0, 10, 30, and 60 minutes to determine SUL and DUR concentrations. Combinations of filters, modes, and replacement fluid were tested in triplicate at effluent rates of 1, 2 and 3 L/h. The sieving coefficient (SC) for CVVH and the saturation coefficient (SA) for CVVHD were calculated to determine CLTM. Adsorption was measured through a closed loop system bypassing effluent elimination. Multiple linear regression was used to determine SUL and DUR CLTM as a function of ER, filter, and mode.CLTM for both drugs based on the equations: SUL CLTM (L/h) = -0.0123 + (1 x ER), R2 = 0.998; DUR CLTM (L/h) = 0.0346 + (0.91 x ER), R2 = 0.958.SUL and DUR adsorption was minimal at 10% for both drugs. Mean \u00b1 standard deviation initial SUL and DUR concentrations were 28.6 \u00b1 2.5 and 27.4 \u00b1 1.9 mg/L, respectively. The overall mean SC/SA across different modes, filters, and ERs was 1.0 and 0.9 for SUL and DUR, respectively. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that the ER was the primary driver (p< 0.001) of CLTM and devise dosing recommendations for SUL-DUR for patients requiring CRRT.SUL and DUR were efficiently cleared by both CVVH and CVVHD through M100 and HF1400 filters. The clearance of both drugs during CRRT was dependent primarily on the ER. When incorporated into established population pharmacokinetic models, these data can be used to estimate CLXiaoyi Ye, MD, Sanofi Genzyme: Honoraria David P. Nicolau, PharmD, Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Allergan: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Advisor/Consultant|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase: Advisor/Consultant|Tetraphase: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt: Advisor/Consultant|Wockhardt: Grant/Research Support Joseph L. Kuti, PharmD, bioMeriuex Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Merck & Co, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi Inc: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi Inc: Honoraria"}
{"text": "Rapid and accurate diagnosis of acute respiratory infection (ARI) in children is crucial for proper patient management, and nucleic acid amplification tests are the gold standard. Nasal swabs are preferred for surveillance studies due to their ease of use, mainly in children. Our study compares the performance of two sample-to-answer (STA) platforms for detecting multiple viruses in self-collected nasal swabs from symptomatic children.Between January 2023 and March 2023, self-collected nasal swabs in UTM from children and staff with ARI symptoms were collected as part of an ongoing school-based surveillance study in a large Missouri school district. Samples were tested on the QIAstat-Dx Respiratory SARS-CoV-2 Panel and the fully automated Hologic Panther Fusion system, which can detect a total of 21 respiratory viruses. Percent Agreement analysis was performed to compare the performance of each platform.Of 200 samples collected, QIAstat detected viruses in 111 samples (55.5%) and Hologic in 115 samples (57.5%). Both assays showed high overall agreement (90%), with a PPA (Positive percentage agreement) of 89%, an NPA (Negative percentage agreement) of 94%. Parainfluenza (PIV) showed 100% PPA and NPA followed by adenovirus (Adv)  and rhinovirus (RV) (PPA: 92% and NPA: 94%). Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) had the lowest PPA (47%) but a high NPA (99%) (Table 1). The median CT values for QIAstat and Hologic were 28.8 (IQR 23.65 - 32.5) and 29.3 (IQR 24.2 \u2013 34.5), respectively. QIAstat missed 19 detections, including hMPV , coronavirus NL63 , and RV , with a corresponding median Ct of 39.1 (IQR 34.5 \u2013 41.2) on Hologic. Hologic missed 12 detections, with RV being the most common target , and a corresponding median Ct of 32.9 (IQR: 30.3-35.5) on QIAstat.QIAstat and Hologic exhibit comparable performance  for detecting viral respiratory pathogens from self-collected nasal swabs. Viral detections missed by QIAstat assay had low viral loads, while targets missed by Hologic assay had moderate viral load; additional investigation is needed. Our findings suggest that both STA platforms are suitable for diagnosing respiratory viral infections in self-collected nasal swabs in school-setting.Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, FAAM, Abbott: Honoraria|Altona Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Baebies Inc: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Bio-Rad: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|Lab Simply: Advisor/Consultant|Luminex: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Different kinetic models such as zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer\u2013Peppas were studied to evaluate the influence of CS/CMC ionic interactions on the ability to improve the release rate of poorly soluble drugs.Simvastatin (SIM) is a potent lipid-lowering drug used to control hyper-cholesterolemia and prevent cardiovascular diseases. SIM presents low oral bioavailability (5%) because of its low aqueous solubility. In this work, polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) are developed with different chitosan (CS) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ratios that will allow for an increase in the SIM dissolution rate (2.54-fold) in simulated intestinal medium (pH 4.5). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images revealed highly porous structures. The changes between both complexes, PEC-SIM:CS:CMC (1:1:2) and (1:2:1), were related to the relaxation of the polymer chains upon absorption of the dissolution medium. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRPD) studies were used to evaluate the polymer/polymer and drug/polymer interactions on the different PEC-SIM:CS:CMC ratios. In addition, the PEC-SIM:CS:CMC (1:2:1) complex exhibited a high ratio of protonated amino groups (NH Th. Thr2 ofc chains . The pre\u201345 min) ,22. 3+) from the CS chains and the anionic groups (COO\u2212) from the CMC chains. In addition, the presence of free amino groups (NH3+) was shown to be dependent on the CS and CMC ratios within the interpenetration network. High CMC ratios in PEC-SIM:CS:CMC (1:1:2) increase the number of anionic groups (COO\u2212), which produces a dense structure with high polymer/polymer interactions, resulting in a more sustained SIM release profile, avoiding side effects such as hepatotoxicity. The elaboration and characterization of different polyelectrolyte complexes, PEC-SIM:CS:CMC (1:1:1), PEC-SIM:CS:CMC (1:1:2) and PEC-SIM:CS:CMC (1:2:1), were carried out. These complexes displayed different CS/CMC interactions that were correlated with different SIM release rates at pH 4.5. SEM studies showed different changes in the surface morphology of the interpolymeric network related to the CS amount within the CS/CMC interpolymeric complexes. These complexes exhibited a high swelling process within the CS/CMC, which was confirmed via FTIR, DSC and XRPD studies. The different polyelectrolyte complexes studied showed different interactions between the protonated amino groups (NHp < 0.05) at 15 and 60 min compared to SIM-RM. The expansion of the CS interpolymeric chains and the increase in intramolecular hydrogen bonds promote hydration and improve the SIM dissolution rate. Finally, the first-order and Korsmeyer\u2013Peppas models were the best fitting models for PEC-SIM:CS:CMC (1:2:1) because of its fast release kinetics. These polyelectrolyte complexes with a large number of free protonated amino groups (NH3+) have great potential to improve the dissolution profiles of poorly soluble drugs. These polyelectrolyte complexes with high CS ratios could produce similar decreases in the crystallinity of other poorly soluble drugs and increase their wettability on the network surface due to their ionic interactions with the dissolution medium, resulting in improved drug dissolution.Dissolution studies (at pH 4.5) indicated that high CS proportions in PEC-SIM:CS:CMC (1:2:1) produced significant improvements ("}
{"text": "COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy may protect young infants from severe illness via maternally-derived IgG. Transplacental transfer of maternal IgG is thought to be decreased in infants with low-birth weight (LBW). The impact of maternal COVID-19 vaccine in this population is unknown. We aimed to evaluate anti-Spike (S) IgG transfer in LBW versus normal birthweight (NBW) infants.th percentile) birthweight.In this prospective cohort study among individuals with a singleton pregnancy without detectable anti-nucleocapsid IgG who received at least 2 doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine prior to delivery, we tested paired maternal and cord samples for anti-S IgG. We used linear regression to evaluate associations between LBW (birthweight < 2500 grams), timing of vaccine dose, and anti-S IgG. We included as covariates timing of last vaccine dose, gestational age at delivery, number of doses prior to delivery, and small for gestational age  and 1260 BAU/mL  for LBW and NBW infants, respectively. Median cord anti-S IgG was 4585 BAU/mL  and 1734 BAU/mL  for LBW and NBW infants, respectively . After adjustment for covariates including vaccine dose timing, there was no difference between cord anti-S IgG concentrations of LBW and NBW infants . As time between last dose and delivery increased, cord anti-S IgG concentrations significantly decreased . In contrast, cord:maternal IgG ratios significantly increased with greater time between last vaccine dose and delivery .Figure 3Maternal IgG levels may be more important predictors than infant birthweight for SARS-CoV-2 cord IgG concentrations. Policy regarding timing of COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy should consider pregnancies at risk for LBW infants.Alisa B. Kachikis, MD, MSc, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mindy Pike, PhD, Merck: Grant/Research Support Alexander L. Greninger, MD, PhD, Cepheid: central contracts|Hologic: central contracts|Janssen: central contracts|Novavax: central contracts|Pfizer: central contracts Janet A. Englund, MD, Ark Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is common in patients with urinary catheters and unneeded urine cultures (UC) can lead to misidentification of CAUTI. We evaluated the long-term effectiveness of restricting UC utilization on the incidence of inpatient CAUTI and if the COVID pandemic influenced CAUTI rates.A UTI evaluation panel was implemented at our academic medical center in April 2015 requiring clinician documentation of UTI symptoms or criteria supporting UC in the absence of symptoms or pyuria. UC was performed reflexively if the following were present: documented symptoms, pyuria ( > 10WBC), and no contamination ( > 100 squamous cells) . UC in at risk patients without symptoms or pyuria were performed. CAUTI data was collected using NHSN methodology with 2014 CAUTI rates recalculated using 2015 definitions. Three periods were compared: Pre-implementation (1/2014-3/2015), post-implementation (4/2015-3/2020) and COVID (4/2020-6/2022). NHSN SIR and SUR were compared where available (4/2015-3/2020 vs. 4/2020-6/2022). Poisson regression was used to model rate of infection per month. A generalizing estimating equation was used for interrupting time series model to compare rates of infection.Urine culture rates decreased in both post and COVID periods and catheter days decreased in the post but not COVID period (Table 1). CAUTI rates per 1000 CD decreased 40% between pre- and post-intervention (p=0.0001) and were unchanged during COVID, (p=0.61) although the slope of change did alter from decreasing to increasing . Quarterly SURs decreased during COVID while the institutional SIR increased non-significantly.Figure 2:Our intervention decreased urine cultures and CAUTI. There was a non-statistically significant increase in CAUTI during the COVID pandemic with the direction of rate of change going from negative to positive. This may have been due to diversion of resources from infection prevention programs. Catheter use decreased throughout; this may have impacted the metrics which used CD as a denominator  as both showed non-significant increases during COVID.Trevor C. Van Schooneveld, MD, FSHEA, FACP, AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Biomeriuex: Advisor/Consultant|Biomeriuex: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: Grant/Research Support|Thermo-Fischer: Honoraria Mark E. Rupp, MD, 3M: Advisor/Consultant|Citius: Advisor/Consultant|contrafect: Grant/Research Support|Teleflex: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine\u2019s protective effect against tuberculosis (TB) is established. BCG vaccine also has off-target effects, perhaps due to long-lasting trained immunity. BCG provides unanticipated beneficial effects against other infectious/non-infectious diseases, including respiratory infections, diabetes mellitus, dementia, and cancer. We aimed to determine if there was differential mortality over a lifetime in those receiving BCG versus placebo. We analyzed all cause and infectious diseases (ID) mortality in a longitudinal cohort study of American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) enrolled in a BCG efficacy clinical trial.2963 AI/AN participants were enrolled median age 7.6 years (range 0.1-20) in a saline placebo-controlled BCG trial between 1935-8 in five US geographic regions, with prospective follow up through 1948. Retrospective data collection was completed from 1992-8. Mortality data was supplemented by National Death Index search in 2006, pending 2023. Demographics, medical and mortality history were collected blinded to vaccine arm. Differences in mortality were analyzed by vaccine, demographic and death characteristics via bivariate association using chi-square, t-test and logistic regression with STATA.1540 BCG, 1423 placebo participants enrolled. At 71 years from the trial start, 1600/2963 (54.0%) participants were deceased; 1171 (73.2%) to non-ID, 94 (5.9%) TB, 217 (13.6%) other infections, and 118 (7.3%) were unknown. Median age at death was similar . BCG vaccinated participants had a 31% decreased odds of death vs. placebo for ID not-TB  and 74% decreased odds of death due to TB . Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed BCG decreased odds of all cause death by 14% (p = 0.04). Male sex (OR 1.77) and living in Arizona (OR 2.53) or Wyoming (2.24) were associated with increased all cause mortality (p< 0.001).In this cohort, BCG vaccine conferred a mortality benefit against TB but also other infections. Male sex and certain geographic regions were associated with higher odds of death. These findings suggest that childhood vaccination with BCG vaccine may reduce mortality beyond preventing TB deaths.Lee Harrison, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant Naomi E. Aronson, MD, british medical journal: Honoraria|British Medical Journal: honoraria for writing chapter for Best Evidence|Elsevier: royallties serve as textbook editor|Elsevier: Royalties as text editor|UpTo Date: royalties for writing chapters|UpToDate: royalties for writing chapters|Wellcome Foundation: Honoraria|Wellcome Foundation: program advisory board|Wellcome Trust: Honoraria|Wellcome Trust: program advisory board Naomi E. Aronson, MD, british medical journal: Honoraria|British Medical Journal: honoraria for writing chapter for Best Evidence|Elsevier: royallties serve as textbook editor|Elsevier: Royalties as text editor|UpTo Date: royalties for writing chapters|UpToDate: royalties for writing chapters|Wellcome Foundation: Honoraria|Wellcome Foundation: program advisory board|Wellcome Trust: Honoraria|Wellcome Trust: program advisory board"}
{"text": "Lactobacillus crispatus), and a substantial increase in BV-associated bacteria (BVAB), particularly Gardnerella vaginalis. We investigated the vaginal microbiota to identify changes prior to, during, and immediately after incident BV (iBV).Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common vaginal infection among reproductive-aged women worldwide. It is associated with multiple adverse obstetric and gynecologic outcomes, yet its etiology remains unknown. BV is characterized by a decrease in protective lactobacilli  were enrolled and followed for iBV using twice-daily self-collected vaginal specimens. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on specimens collected during the 14 days prior to BV (pre-BV), during BV (Nugent score 7-10), and days post-BV among cases. A similar number of specimens from age, race, and menstrual cycle day matched controls maintaining normal vaginal microbiota were also sequenced. qPCR was also performed on all specimens to determine total bacterial burden and inferred absolute abundance (IAA) of key vaginal bacteria, particularly G. vaginalis during BV . There was a significant decrease in the IAA of L. crispatus during BV , whereas L. iners IAA increased in post-BV .Vaginal specimens from 5 BV cases (n=169) and 5 matched controls  were analyzed. Overall, a significantly higher bacterial burden was observed in specimens from BV cases compared to matched controls . In BV cases, specimens collected on the day of BV had a significantly lower bacterial burden than specimens collected pre- and post-BV . When comparing changes in the IAA of our vaginal bacteria of interest, we observed significantly higher amounts of Comparing qPCR and inferred absolute abundance (IAA) between vaginal specimens collected from women with incident BV (cases) and healthy controls maintaining normal vaginal microbiota.A, B. qPCR derived total bacterial burden between vaginal specimens from incident BV cases and healthy controls. C- E. inferred absolute abundance (IAA) of G. vaginalis, L. crispatus, and L. iners between vaginal specimens from incident BV cases and healthy controls. A, C. Mann Whitney test; B, D, E. Kruskal-Wallis test *p\u2264 0.05, **p\u2264 0.01, ***p\u2264 0.001, ****p\u2264 0.0001.G. vaginalis while protective L. crispatus decreased, and L iners increased after BV. We anticipate expanding this analysis to include additional key BVAB.These preliminary results support the hypothesis that a sequence of changes in the abundance of key vaginal bacteria occur prior to BV. During BV, we observed an increase in Christina A. Muzny, MD, MSPH, Abbott Molecular: Grant/Research Support|Abbott Molecular: Honoraria|BioNTech: Advisor/Consultant|Cepheid: Advisor/Consultant|Cepheid: Honoraria|Elsevier: Honoraria|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Lupin Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Honoraria|Scynexis: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Honoraria|Visby Medical: Honoraria"}
{"text": "EBONI and PILLAR are Phase IV implementation science trials evaluating the integration of long-acting injectable Cabotegravir for PrEP (CAB LA) into standard of care at 37 clinics across the U.S. EBONI enrolls Black cisgender/transgender women and PILLAR enrolls men who have sex with men (MSM)/transgender men. We report CAB LA implementation plans among staff study participants (SSPs).Of 105 SSPs from 20 EBONI sites, 65 (62%) from 14 activated clinics completed baseline surveys starting in August 2022. Eighty-six (100%) SSPs from all 17 PILLAR clinic sites completed surveys from April-October 2022. Various clinic types were selected to enroll diverse populations. Survey domains included SSPs\u2019 perceptions of implementing CAB LA, plans for integration, and estimation of resources needed for integration were collected.Table 1 presents notable gender and racial differences among SSPs across the studies. Table 2 reveals similar SSPs\u2019 experience with PrEP and injections within the two studies. A high proportion of SSPs  felt extremely positive or positive about implementing CAB LA. The majority of SSPs in EBONI (74%) than in PILLAR (53%) perceived implementation would be very easy or easy.Regarding CAB LA integration plans, compared to EBONI, SSPs in PILLAR reported being able to manage more CAB LA patients per week; having more staff prepared to give injections; having a specific person to follow up with no-shows; planning to have providers track patients; and planning to offer drop-in injection options (Table 3). However, more SSPs in EBONI reported plans to create roles to coordinate the CAB LA program.Various appointment reminder tools are in place and used in similarly high proportions across both studies. However, a higher proportion of SSPs in PILLAR reported using email and postal reminders.Healthcare staff were positive about integrating CAB LA into care. Sites serving MSM and transgender men had more detailed implementation plans in place than those serving cisgender and transgender women. Sites serving women may need additional support to develop their plans to build staff and clinic capacity. To address the gaps identified in clinic planning, an equity-centered implementation strategy should be employed.William M. Valenti, MD, FIDSA, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support John Phoenix, MSN, APRN, FNP-C, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Speaker Bureau|Huntridge Family Clinic: Ownership Interest|Napo Pharmaceuticals: Speaker Bureau|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Speaker Bureau Rupa R. Patel, MD MPH, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Zandraetta Tims-Cook, MD, ViiV Healthcare: Speaker Nanlesta Pilgrim, PhD, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Amber Haley, PhD, ViiV Healthcare: Former Employment Kenneth Sutton, MA, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Alison Gaudion, PhD, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Deanna Merrill, PharmD, MBA, AAHIVP, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Rimgaile Urbaityte, MSc, GSK: Employment|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Bo Li, PhD, GSK: Employment|GSK: Stocks/Bonds David Andrae, PhD, Evidera: Employment Abigail Herbst, MPH, Evidera: Empoyment|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Harmony Garges, MD, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|Medexus Pharmacy: Board Member|ViiV Healthcare: Empoyment Maggie Czarnogorski, MD MPH, ViiV Healthcare: Employment|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a devastating complication following joint replacement, associated with morbidity and mortality. Here, we established a clinically representative murine model of knee arthroplasty and determined the ideal bacterial inoculum that would result in PJI without causing significant limb compromise.Staphylococcus aureus Xen36, ranging from 29 to 14,000 colony forming units (CFU) (Table 1). Mice were sacrificed at 3 weeks, or earlier if necessary due to infectious sequelae, and the joint tissue, tibia, femur, and prosthesis quantitatively cultured.A titanium tibial prosthesis designed for the murine knee was 3D printed and surgically implanted into the proximal tibia  of 38 C57BL/6 mice. The prosthesis is designed to osseointegrate into the tibia and has a smooth articular surface to allow for immediate weight bearing and range of motion. At the time of surgery, the arthroplasty was inoculated with five inocula of All mice inoculated with 181 to 14,000 CFU developed PJI as did 90% inoculated with 29 CFU. Bacterial loads from joint tissues and tibial prostheses are shown in Table 1. All mice inoculated with 14,000 and 760 CFU had overt findings of infection  requiring early euthanasia (Table 2). Mice inoculated with 640 CFU had swelling, redness, and small sores in first 3 days, and 1 death, but otherwise appeared well; only 2/9 had a visible abscess at 3-week sacrifice. 2/10 mice receiving 181 CFU had small sores that resolved in the first week; all limbs functioned well prior to sacrifice. Mice receiving 29 CFU had no external evidence of infection, however 9/10 had purulence within the joint at sacrifice.S. aureus PJI. An inoculum of 181 CFU resulted in universal infection without significantly compromising the limb. The ability of this model to create PJI without overt infectious sequela will allow for evaluation of therapeutics, including those locally delivered.This study demonstrates that inoculum size directly impacts clinical manifestations of infection in a murine model of Robin Patel, MD, Abbott Laboratories: Advisor/Consultant|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Adaptive Phage Therapeutics: Mayo Clinic has a royalty-bearing know-how agreement and equity in Adaptive Phage Therapeutics.|BIOFIRE: Grant/Research Support|CARB-X: Advisor/Consultant|ContraFect: Grant/Research Support|Day Zero Diagnostics: Advisor/Consultant|HealthTrackRx: Advisor/Consultant|Mammoth Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Netflix: Advisor/Consultant|Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Advisor/Consultant|PhAST: Advisor/Consultant|See details: Patent on Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis PCR issued, a patent on a device/method for sonication with royalties paid by Samsung to Mayo Clinic|See details: continued, patent on an anti-biofilm substance issued|TenNor Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Torus Biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|Trellis Bioscience, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant Nicholas Bedard, MD, Stryker: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "In March 2023, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) lowered the Enterobacterales susceptible (S)/resistant breakpoints for amikacin from \u226416/\u226564 mg/L to \u22644/\u226516 mg/L and gentamicin and tobramycin from \u22644/\u226516 mg/L to \u22642/\u22658 mg/L. As aminoglycosides are frequently used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), we evaluated the activity of plazomicin and the impact of CLSI breakpoint changes on the susceptibility rates of Enterobacterales collected from US medical centers.5,725 Enterobacterales isolates were consecutively collected (1/patient) from 36 US medical centers in 2020\u20132022 and susceptibility tested by broth microdilution against amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and plazomicin. Susceptibility rates were calculated using both current CLSI/USFDA breakpoints and the recently revised CLSI breakpoints. Aminoglycoside-nonsusceptible isolates were screened for genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and 16S rRNA methyltransferases (16RMT).Plazomicin was active against 96.3% of isolates and retained potent activity against MDR (93.1%S) and CRE (92.1%S) isolates. The highest variations in susceptibility rates due to breakpoint changes were observed with amikacin, especially among MDR  and CRE (77.8%S to 61.9%S). Against all Enterobacterales, amikacin susceptibility rates decreased from 99.6%S to 95.0%S; susceptibility to gentamicin and tobramycin decreased 0.8% and 2.6%, respectively. Gentamicin and tobramycin showed limited activity against MDR and CRE with both 2022 and 2023 breakpoints. AME-encoding genes were observed in 474 (8.3% of isolates) and 16RMT was found in 7 isolates (0.1%). Plazomicin was active against 97.3% of AME producers.Amikacin\u2019s spectrum of activity against CRE and MDR Enterobacterales was drastically reduced when interpretative criteria based on PK/PD parameters currently used to establish breakpoints to other antimicrobials were applied. Plazomicin is markedly more active than amikacin, gentamicin, or tobramycin against CRE and MDR Enterobacterales causing infections in US medical centers.Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support S J Ryan Arends, PhD, Cipla: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "This study compared outcomes among COVID-19 patients (pts) treated with the monoclonal antibody (mAb) sotrovimab matched to untreated pts.Administrative claims  were used to identify pts (\u2265 12 years) diagnosed with COVID-19 (ICD-10: U0.7.1) in an ambulatory setting in the US (26 May 2021\u20135 April 2022). The sotrovimab cohort included pts meeting sotrovimab\u2019s Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) criteria and receiving sotrovimab \u2264 10 days from diagnosis (index date = day of infusion). The untreated cohort included pts with no evidence of early/prophylaxis mAb or antiviral treatments (index date imputed based on the time distribution between diagnosis and sotrovimab infusion for their matched counterpart from the sotrovimab cohort). Pts were required to be continuously enrolled for \u2265 12 months pre-index and \u2265 29 days post-index (excluding death). Exact matching and propensity-score matching (EM/PSM) methods were used to construct 1:2 matched cohorts of sotrovimab-treated and untreated patients . Outcomes evaluated in the 29-day post-index period were all-cause hospitalization, all-cause hospitalization and/or mortality, all-cause mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and maximum level of respiratory support.A total of 34,160 sotrovimab pts were matched to 68,320 untreated pts . The 29-day hospitalization and/or mortality rates were 4.0%  and 5.2%  in the sotrovimab and untreated cohorts, respectively (p < 0.0001). Patients in the sotrovimab cohort had statistically significantly lower rates of all-cause hospitalization, all-cause mortality, ICU admission, and respiratory support as compared with patients in the untreated cohort (Table).*Obtained from conditional logistic regression models (binary outcomes). All models adjusted for malignancy. ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ICU, intensive care unitSotrovimab demonstrated effectiveness in preventing severe outcomes  as compared with untreated pts during the period in which Delta and early Omicron variants were predominant.Christopher F. Bell, MS, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Tasneem Lokhandwala, PhD, GSK: Funding to conduct study|Vir Biotechnology, Inc: Funding to conduct study Daniel C. Gibbons, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Myriam Drysdale, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Jane Wang, MS, GSK: Funding to conduct study|Vir Biotechnology, Inc: Funding to conduct study Emily Lloyd, MSc, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Maternal vaccination is a promising strategy to prevent COVID-19 in early infancy, yet the amount of protection that maternally derived vaccine specific SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies provide to infants in the first six months of life is not well characterized.Infants born to mothers vaccinated during pregnancy with 2 or 3 doses of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine  were followed prospectively from birth up to 6 months. At delivery, anti-Spike IgG and pseudovirus neutralizing antibody (Nab) levels were measured. Between September 2021 and December 2022, at pre-specified timepoints, COVID-19 infection was determined by verified maternal report. The risk reduction for COVID-19 in infants by antibody titers at delivery was estimated using a calendar-time Cox regression model after adjusting for maternal age, booster status, and recency of last dose. The relative vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 3 vs 2 maternal vaccine doses for COVID-19 in infants < 6 months was estimated in separate models.Infants in the boosted group (n=181) had higher anti-Spike IgG and pseudovirus Nab titers at delivery compared with the primary series group (n=260) . A 10-fold increase in anti-Spike IgG measured at delivery was associated with a 69.2%  reduction in the infant\u2019s risk of acquiring COVID-19 in the first 6 months. Similarly, having a pseudovirus Nab response above an IC50 of 20 at delivery was associated with a 96.2%  reduction in the infant\u2019s risk of acquiring COVID-19 in the first 6 months. The relative VE of 3 vs 2 doses against infant COVID-19 was 65%  when accounting for changes in anti-Spike IgG levels, and 83%  when accounting for pseudovirus Nab levels.Higher SARS-CoV-2 IgG Spike and pseudovirus Nab titers at delivery are associated with a substantially reduced risk of COVID-19 infection for infants in the first 6 months of life. Until infants are age-eligible for COVID-19 vaccination, maternal vaccination provides transplacentally transferred passive binding and neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that protect against infection during early infancy.Flor M. Munoz, MD, MSc, CDC respiratory virus surveillance: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Moderna, sanofi, aztra zeneca, Merck, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: DSMB|NIH COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer Pediatric COVID-19 vaccines: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Dynavax, Monderna, Meissa, NIH: DSMB Mark J. Mulligan, M.D., Lilly: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: Board Member|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Board Member|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Board Member|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support Lalitha Parameswaran, MD, MPH, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Richard M. Novak, MD, Moderna: Advisor/Consultant Rebecca C. Brady, MD, AztraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|PATH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Bryan J. Berube, PhD, HDT Bio Corp.: Author on patents|HDT Bio Corp.: Salary|HDT Bio Corp.: Ownership Interest Barbra A. Richardson, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant Kathy M. Neuzil, MD, MPH, NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Elizabeth R. Brown, ScD, Merck: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "Current data on infectious complications of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy are limited to single center retrospective cohort studies. Presented here is a subset of patients from a multicenter retrospective cohort study including recipients of CAR T-cell therapy at Duke University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and Stanford University.In a retrospective cohort of 66 patients who received CD19 CAR T-cell therapy Duke University between January 1, 2018 and August 31, 2021 rates and characteristics of bacterial, viral, and fungal infections within the first year after CAR T-cell infusion are described. Demographic, baseline clinical, and outcome variables are compared between patients who developed infection and those who did not.Forty-nine total infections occurred in 29 (43.9%) patients within 1 year of CAR T-cell infusion. Patients who developed infection were more likely to have an underlying malignancy other than diffuse large B-cell lymphoma , and to have developed immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome . Viral  and bacterial  pathogens predominated and infections most often involved the bloodstream  and lung .There were no statistically significant differences between rates of bacterial and viral infection based on time since CAR T-cell infusion (\u226430 days vs 30 \u2013 90 days vs >90 days), though fungal infections only occurred after 90 days in patients with relapse of their underlying disease.Infectious complications after CAR T-cell therapy are common within the first year of infusion. Bacterial and viral infections predominate while fungal infections are rare and occurred only in patients with relapsed disease.Melody Smith, MD, MS, BMS: Advisor/Consultant Krista Rowe-Nichols, RN, MSN, AOCNS, Bristol Myers Squibb: Advisor/Consultant|Kite Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Kite Pharmaceuticals: Speaker Bureau Christopher Kelsey, MD, Colgate-Palmolive: Expert Testimony|Johnson and Johnson: Expert Testimony Taewoong Choi, MD, Janssen biotech: Honoraria Matthew McKinney, MD, ADC Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|ADC Therapeutics: Honoraria|Beigene: Grant/Research Support|Beigene: Honoraria|Epizyme: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Honoraria|Gilead/Kite: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead/Kite: Honoraria|Incyte: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Advisor/Consultant|Seagen, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|TG therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant"}
{"text": "P. aeruginosa (PSA) and A. baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ABC) as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program.Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a siderophore-conjugated cephalosporin with activity against Gram-negative bacteria. CFDC and comparator activities were evaluated against resistant and molecularly characterized Acinetobacter spp. (979 ABC) were consecutively collected from 64 US sites in 2020\u20132022. Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution and CFDC testing used iron-depleted media. FDA and CLSI breakpoints were used for CFDC. CLSI criteria were applied to comparators, except for imipenem-relebactam . Isolates with a resistance phenotype to \u2265 3 classes were defined as multidrug resistant (MDR). ABC and PSA with imipenem and/or meropenem (MER) MICs \u2265 4 \u03bcg/mL or ceftazidime (CAZ) and/or cefepime MICs \u2265 16 \u03bcg/mL were subjected to genome sequencing for screening of acquired carbapenemase genes.3,384 PSA and 1,186 50/90, 0.12/0.5 \u03bcg/mL) that did meet the MIC screening criteria and against those that did not . CFDC also had similar MIC50 values (0.12 \u03bcg/mL) against the MDR and carbapenemase-positive PSA populations, whereas other agents had compromised activity. 47.3% (463/979) of ABC met the MIC screening criteria, while 37.1% (363/979) had an MDR phenotype, and 28.4% carried carbapenemase genes. In general, CFDC, IMR, meropenem-vaborbactam, colistin (COL), MER, ceftazidime, and CAZ had activity against ABC that did not meet the MIC screening criteria, but only CFDC  and COL were active against the resistant ABC subsets.31.3%  and 14.7%  of PSA met the MIC screening criteria for molecular characterization and showed an MDR phenotype, respectively (Table). Carbapenemase genes were detected in 10 PSA (< 1%). CFDC had similar MICs against PSA (MICMany PSA had a MDR phenotype but acquired carbapenemase genes remained rare in this subset. Resistance and presence of carbapenemase genes were high in ABC. CFDC showed potent activity against PSA and ABC subsets in US hospitals, including across resistant and molecularly characterized subsets, where treatment options are limited.Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Cory Hubler, BS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Valerie Kantro, BA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Dee Shortridge, PhD, Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|CorMedix: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Legionella pneumonia (LP) is an uncommon, yet severe pneumonia in cancer patients, but its clinical features are scarcely studied in contemporary cohorts. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the clinical manifestations, therapy, and outcomes of LP in contemporary cancer patients.Legionella urine antigen and/or culture from sputum, tracheal aspirate, or bronchoalveolar lavage. Species identification was achieved by Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization\u2013time-of-flight mass spectrometry or 16S rRNA. Independent predictors of 30-day mortality after LP diagnosis were determined using multivariable logistic regression analysis.We identified cancer patients with LP at MD Anderson Cancer Center in 2009-2021. LP was diagnosed using Table 1.We identified 64 LP patients; of which 47 (73%) were caused by Legionella pneumophila and 17 (27%) by Legionella non-pneumophila . Most patients (66%) had hematological malignancy, and 31% had a history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Lymphopenia (< 1000 cells/\u00b5l) was common (75%). Twenty patients (31%) had lung coinfections, especially those with a history of HSCT . A total of 30 co-pathogens were isolated, with Gram-negative bacteria, cytomegalovirus, and respiratory viruses  being the most common co-pathogens . Twenty-five patients (39%) had hyponatremia and 17 (27%) had acute kidney injury. Most patients (64%) had bilateral lung involvement. All but one patient received appropriate antibiotics at the onset of LP. Thirty-day mortality of LP was 23% (Table 1). Independent predictors of 30-day mortality were hyponatremia , bilateral lung involvement , and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score \u22655 .Dimitrios P. Kontoyiannis, MD, MS, ScD, PhD, AbbVie: Board Member|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Board Member|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis/MSGERC: Board Member"}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing serine- and metallo-\u03b2-lactamases. Cefepime-taniborbactam (FTB) was superior to meropenem (MEM) for the primary composite endpoint of microbiologic and clinical success at test of cure (TOC) in adults with cUTI in the CERTAIN-1 study (NCT03840148). We assessed outcomes in subsets defined by baseline pathogen resistance phenotype and genotype.Taniborbactam is an investigational \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor that restores cefepime (FEP) activity against FEP-, carbapenem-, and multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa at \u2265105 CFU/mL in urine at study entry against which at least 1 study drug had activity ). Phenotypic subsets included FEP-, multidrug-, and/or carbapenem resistance. Genotypic subsets included carriage of ESBL, extended-spectrum AmpC, plasmidic AmpC, and/or carbapenemase genes.Composite, microbiologic and clinical responses at TOC were assessed in the extended microbiologic intent-to-treat (microITT) population . FTB achieved composite success in 7/8 patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and in 8/9 patients with Enterobacterales producing a carbapenemase . FTB achieved composite success in 8/16 patients  with FTB demonstrated efficacy in cUTI patients infected with cefepime-, multidrug-, and carbapenem-resistant pathogens and pathogens carrying ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemase genes. Rates of success at TOC in each resistance subset were similar to or higher than those overall. These results are consistent with the ability of taniborbactam to restore cefepime activity against cefepime-, multidrug-, and carbapenem-resistant gram-negative pathogens producing serine and metallo-\u03b2-lactamases in nonclinical studies.Greg Moeck, PhD, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA): Grant/Research Support|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employee, stock options and shareholder Leanne Gasink, MD, MSCE, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA): Grant/Research Support|CSL Behring: Advisor/Consultant|CSL Behring: Consulting fees|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Evopint Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Evopint Biosciences: Consulting fees|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|LBG Consulting, LLC: Principal|Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Therapeutics: Consulting fees|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consulting fees|Vera Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Vera Therapeutics: Consulting fees Mary Beth Dorr, PhD, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA): Grant/Research Support|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|Merck and Co.: Shareholder|Pfizer: Shareholder|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employee, stock options and shareholder Hongzi Chen, PhD, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA): Grant/Research Support|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employee|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Florian Wagenlehner, MD, Achaogen: Advisory Board member, study participation|Astellas: Honoraria|AstraZeneca: Honoraria|AstraZeneca: Advisory Board member|Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA): Grant/Research Support|Bionorica: Honoraria|Bionorica: Meeting/travel support, study participation|Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Infektionsforschung (DZIF): Study participation|Enteris BioPharma: Study participation|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|German S3 guideline Urinary tract infections: Board Member|Glaxo Smith Kline: Advisor/Consultant|Glaxo Smith Kline: Honoraria|Glaxo Smith Kline: Consulting fees, meeting/travel support, advisory board member, principal investigator in a GSK-sponsored study|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|Guidelines European Association of Urology: Infections in Urology: Board Member|Helperby Therapeutics: Study participation|Janssen: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisory Board member|Klosterfrau: Honoraria|LeoPharma: Advisory Board member|MerLion: Advisory Board member|MIP Pharma: Honoraria|MSD: Advisory Board member|OM Pharma/Vifor Pharma: Advisory Board member, study participation|OM-Pharma: Honoraria|Pfizer: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisory Board member|RosenPharma: Advisory Board member|Shionogi: Advisory Board member, study participation|Speaker research group German research foundation (DFG) Bacterial Renal Infections and Defense (FOR 5427): Study participation|Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Therapeutics: Consulting fees|University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, and Justus Liebig University, Germany: Employee|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Consulting fees, Advisory Board member Tim Henkel, MD, PhD, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA): Grant/Research Support|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employee, consulting fees, shareholder Paul McGovern, MD, Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA): Grant/Research Support|Everest Medicines: Grant/Research Support|Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP Foundation): Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Shareholder|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employee, stock options and shareholder"}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) substantially diminishes patients\u2019 health-related quality of life (HRQL). The gut microbiome is known to play an important role in rCDI, but little is known about its relationship with HRQL. In this study, we assessed the relationship between the gut microbiome and HRQL in patients with rCDI from REBYOTA\u2019s  phase 3 PUNCH CD3 trial (NCT03244644).Recurrence of C. difficile Quality of Life Survey (Cdiff32) via its total score and physical, mental, and social domain scores .HRQL and relative abundance  of gut microbiota at the class level were collected at baseline and weeks 1, 4, and 8. The Microbiome Health Index , defined as (Bacteroidia + Clostridia) / (Gammaproteobacteria + Bacilli), was analyzed using log transformation and as a binary indicator with MHI > 7.2 indicating a healthy microbiome. HRQL was measured using the disease-specific Correlations between microbiota data  and Cdiff32 scores were estimated. Associations of Cdiff32 scores with microbiota data and MHI > 7.2 were estimated using mixed effects analyses adjusted for baseline patient characteristics. Analyses used all available data . P-values were adjusted for multiple testing via the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure; correlations were interpreted as moderate if \u2265 0.3 and large if \u2265 0.5 .Table 1). Significant associations of microbial relative abundances and log MHI with all Cdiff32 scores were found in mixed effects analyses  (Table 2). MHI > 7.2  was associated with an improvement of 14.2 to 18.4 points in Cdiff32 scores (vs. MHI \u2264 7.2).A total of 176 out of 262 (67.2%) patients had Cdiff32 and microbiota data  in PUNCH CD3. All four Cdiff32 scores correlated positively with log MHI (\u223c0.6), Clostridia (\u223c0.5) and Bacteroidia (\u223c0.3), and negatively with Gammaproteobacteria (\u223c\u22120.5) and Bacilli (\u223c\u22120.3) (Our study found moderate to large and statistically significant associations between a healthy gut microbiome and improved HRQL in patients with rCDI.Paul Feuerstadt, MD, FACG, AGAF, Ferring/Rebiotix Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring/Rebiotix Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Merck and Co.: Advisor/Consultant|Seres Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Seres Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Ken Blount, PhD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Employee Amy Guo, PhD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Employee Min Yang, MD, PhD, Analysis Group, Inc.: I am an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which has received consulting fees from Ferring for the conduct of this study. Viviana Garc\u00eda-Horton, PhD, Analysis Group, Inc.: I am an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which has received consulting fees from Ferring for the conduct of this study. Mirko Fillbrunn, PhD, Analysis Group, Inc.: I am an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which has received consulting fees from Ferring for the conduct of this study. Glenn S. Tillotson, PhD, Dynavax: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Peggy Lillis Foundation: Honoraria|Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant Yipeng Gao, PhD, Merck and Co.: Grant/Research Support Erik R. Dubberke, MD, MSPH, Abbott: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Merck and Co.: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Seres Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Summit: Advisor/Consultant|Theriva Biologics: Grant/Research Support Kevin W. Garey, PharmD, MS, Acurx: Grant/Research Support|Ferring: Advisor/Consultant|Paratek: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "Older individuals have high rates of seasonal influenza-related hospitalizations and deaths. For this population, enhanced vaccines have been designed to mitigate the effect of age-related immunosenescence by providing higher immunogenicity and increased relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) compared with standard vaccines. The objective of this review is to assess the assumptions taken in published cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA) and analyze the results and decision-making implications on enhanced influenza vaccines for older adults (65yrs+).A targeted literature review was performed to identify economic evaluations of two enhanced vaccines in older individuals: adjuvanted trivalent/quadrivalent vaccine (aTIV/aQIV) and high-dose trivalent/quadrivalent vaccine (HD-TIV/HD-QIV). PubMed was searched for publications in March 2023, limited to studies from the past 10 years and prioritizing English-language publications. Papers describing CEAs were prioritized for inclusion. Congress presentations that included CEA were included based on expert knowledge and ability to retrieve poster and/or oral presentations.31 CEAs comparing enhanced vaccines to standard-dose trivalent/quadrivalent vaccines (SD-TIV/SD-QIV) were analyzed, 15 comparing HD-TIV/HD-QIV with SD-TIV/SD-QIV and 17 comparing aTIV/aQIV with SD-TIV/SD-QIV. Enhanced vaccines were consistently cost-effective vs SD-TIV/SD-QIVs, despite diversity of model types, vaccine acquisition price, rVE estimate used, influenza-associated costs, and study perspective used. CEA results were inconsistent when the enhanced vaccines were compared with each other. The key driver of the latter was the different rVE approaches considered. While observational studies on vaccine effectiveness used in CEAs suggest effectiveness comparability between aTIV/aQIV and HD-TIV/HD-QIV, most studies show a lower acquisition price for aTIV/aQIV.Enhanced vaccines for older adults are more efficient compared to standard-dose vaccines. The adjuvanted influenza vaccine could reduce overall costs compared to high-dose vaccine if it has a lower acquisition price.David Fisman, CSL Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant Norberto Giglio, CSL Seqirus Inc.: Advisor/Consultant Sergio M\u00e1rquez-Pel\u00e1ez, MD, CSL Seqirus Inc.: Advisor/Consultant Van Nguyen, PhD, CSL Seqirus Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|CSL Seqirus Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|CSL Seqirus Inc.: Honoraria Maarten Postma, PhD, CSL Seqirus Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|CSL Seqirus Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|CSL Seqirus Inc.: Honoraria Andrea Pugliese, PhD, CSL Seqirus Inc.: Advisor/Consultant Jes\u00fas Ruiz-Arag\u00f3n, MD, CSL Seqirus Inc.: Advisor/Consultant Analia urue\u00f1a, n/a, CSL Seqirus Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|CSL Seqirus Inc.: Advisor/Consultant Joaquin F. Mould-Quevedo, PhD, CSL Seqirus Inc.: Employee|CSL Seqirus Inc.: Employee|CSL Seqirus Inc.: Stocks/Bonds|CSL Seqirus Inc.: Stocks/Bonds"}
{"text": "Photosynthetic organisms, including plants and algae, possess a remarkable ability to harness carbon dioxide and solar energy, enabling them to produce a vast array of complex compounds such as phenolic acids , terpeneTaparia et\u00a0al., developed modular CRISPR/Cas9 constructs for the model diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum that allow the multiplexed targeting and creation of marker-free genome-edited lines. The system was used to knock out StLDP, the gene encoding Stramenopile-type lipid droplet protein essential for lipid droplet biogenesis . Li et\u00a0al. produced carotenoids in rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm by overexpressing rice GOLDEN2-LIKE (OsGLK) transcription factor and OsGLK with three other carotenogenic genes, tHMG1 (truncated Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase), ZmPSY1 (Zea mays L. phytoene synthase), and PaCrtI (Pantoea ananatis phytoene desaturase), to improve the nutritional composition of rice . In perennial herbs, Wang et\u00a0al. identified physiological/biochemical indicators, such as enzyme activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GLS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), were related to biomass accumulation in Salvia miltiorrhiza .This Research Topic includes eight original research and two review articles, with a special focus on the metabolic engineering of valuable biomaterials in plants and algae. ogenesis Figure\u00a01Z-YD: Funding acquisition, Resources, Visualization, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing. WB: Writing \u2013 review & editing. GK: Writing \u2013 review & editing. IK-G: Writing \u2013 review & editing. X-HY: Writing \u2013 review & editing. AZ: Writing \u2013 review & editing. KZ: Writing \u2013 review & editing."}
{"text": "Artificial insemination and genetic selection are major factors contributing to population stratification in dairy cattle. In this study, we analyzed the effect of sample stratification and the effect of stratification correction on results of a dairy genome-wide association study (GWAS). Three methods for stratification correction were used: the efficient mixed-model association expedited (EMMAX) method accounting for correlation among all individuals, a generalized least squares (GLS) method based on half-sib intraclass correlation, and a principal component analysis (PCA) approach.DGAT1-NIBP region of BTA14 for production traits, a SNP 45kb upstream from PIGY on BTA6 and two SNPs in NIBP on BTA14 for protein percentage. However, most of these consensus effects had similar frequencies in the elite and average cows.Historical pedigree data revealed that the 1,654 contemporary cows in the GWAS were all related when traced through approximately 10\u201315 generations of ancestors. Genome and phenotype stratifications had a striking overlap with the half-sib structure. A large elite half-sib family of cows contributed to the detection of favorable alleles that had low frequencies in the general population and high frequencies in the elite cows and contributed to the detection of X chromosome effects. All three methods for stratification correction reduced the number of significant effects. EMMAX method had the most severe reduction in the number of significant effects, and the PCA method using 20 principal components and GLS had similar significance levels. Removal of the elite cows from the analysis without using stratification correction removed many effects that were also removed by the three methods for stratification correction, indicating that stratification correction could have removed some true effects due to the elite cows. SNP effects with good consensus between different methods and effect size distributions from USDA\u2019s Holstein genomic evaluation included the Genetic selection and extensive use of artificial insemination contributed to overlapped genome, pedigree and phenotype stratifications. The presence of an elite cluster of cows was related to the detection of rare favorable alleles that had high frequencies in the elite cluster and low frequencies in the remaining cows. Methods for stratification correction could have removed some true effects associated with genetic selection. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a powerful tool for identifying genetic factors associated with phenotypes. Population stratification refers to systematic differences in allele frequencies between subpopulations and is a source for false positive results in GWAS-4. In huThe genome stratification based on 45,878 SNP markers was shown using the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method for two The association data of 1,654 cows showed some genome stratification, with a large cluster on the left and a small cluster on the right of Figure\u2009The selection signature data set of 2,366 contemporary and historical cattle showed more stratification with three clusters Figure\u2009C. The thDespite the fact that the cow DNA samples in our GWAS were from diverse academic and industry donors, analysis of USDA\u2019s historical Holstein pedigree data revealed that the 1,654 cows were all related when traced through approximately 10 to 15 generations (back to the 1930\u2019s) of ancestors  included two effects for fat yield, two effects for protein percentage, three effects for service-sire calving ease, one effect for daughter calving ease, three effects for service-sire stillbirth, one effect for front teat placement, one effect for teat length, one effect for rear legs (rear view), and two effects for foot angle. GLS and PCA had more effects reaching genome-wide significance, generally dozens more per trait than EMMAX. A global view of all SNP effects for each trait from the three methods is presented in Manhattan plots, and \u03bb = r/(1 \u2013 r), where ni = the number of sibs in family i. Also let V\u20131 = L\u2019L, where L is an upper triangular matrix. Then, each element in L can be calculated asSince the genome stratification overlapped with half-sib families, we used a GLS approach to accour needed,8. Let \u03c3V\u20131 can be constructed without actually inverting the V matrix. Variance components in the intraclass correlation, \u03c3f2 and \u03c3e2, were estimated using a maximum likelihood approach[With the above formulae, the approach,23. EstiX2* = L\u2019X2 and y* = L\u2019y = corrected phenotypic values after removing fixed non-genetic effects. Let k = the rank of X = X1,X2, s2 = residual mean sum of squares, and si = row vector of contrast coefficient for defining additive or dominance effects based on the extended Kempthorne model[where ne model. Then, tibi + g + e, where \u03a3xibi = sum of principal component effects, with xi = eigenvector of principal component i, and bi = regression coefficient of principal component i, i = 1,\u202620. Statistical tests of SNP effects by the GLS and PCA methods were implemented using the epiSNP computer package[\u22126.4) for genome-wide significance. Gene and SNP locations were identified based on the University of Maryland bovine genome assembly[Stratification correction to the phenotypic value of each individual was also applied using the approach of principal component analysis (PCA) as a com package. A genomassembly,27. SNP assembly and NCBIassembly.Bos taurus; EMMAX: Efficient mixed-model association eXpedited; LS: Least squares; GLS: Generalized least squares; PCA: Principal component analysis; IBS: Identify by state; AFD: Allele frequency difference; MY: Milk yield; FY: Fat yield; PY: Protein yield; F%: Fat percentage; P%: Protein percentage; PL: Productive life; SCS: Somatic cell score; DPR: Daughter pregnancy rate; SCE: Service-sire calving ease; DCE: Daughter calving ease; SSB: Service-sire stillbirth; DSB: Daughter stillbirth; NM: Net merit; STA: Stature; STR: Strength; BD: Body depth; RW: Rump width; DF: Dairy form; RA: Rump angle; FUA: Fore udder attachment; RUH: Rear udder height; UD: Udder depth; UC: Udder cleft; FTP: Front teat placement; RTP: Rear teat placement; TL: Teat length; FA: Foot angle; RLS: Rear legs (side view); RLR: Rear legs (rear view); FL: Feet/legs score; FS: Final score.GWAS: Genome-wide association study; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism; Mb: Mega bases pairs = 1000 kb = 1 million base pairs; PTA: Predicted transmitting ability; QTL: Quantitative trait locus; BTA: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.YD, TSS, GRW, JBC, CPVT, TJL and BAC organized and implemented this study. YD, LM, and SW led the data analysis. LM, GRW, SW and YD led the manuscript preparation. GRW provided the USDA historical Holstein pedigree data, JBC provided the effect size distribution data from USDA Holstein genomic evaluation, and TJL provided the Holstein body conformation data. TSS directed the genotyping work. All authors read and approved this manuscript.Figure S1. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) plots of SNP genotypes of 1,654 contemporary Holstein cows by chromosome. C1 = dimension 1, C2 = dimension 2. Left column: C1 and C2 values were calculated using 1,654 contemporary cows. Right column: C1 and C2 values were calculated using 2,366 Holstein cattle, including the University of Minnesota Holstein control line that remained unselected since 1964. Click here for fileFigure S2. Pedigree of the 1,654 contemporary cows tracing back to ancestors born in 1930\u2019s (approximately 10\u201315 generations). Circles in gold color are the 1,654 cows used in the genome-wide association analysis. The pedigree shows that all 1,654 cows are related. Click here for fileFigure S3. Overlap between genome stratification and half-sib family structure. C1 = dimension 1, C2 = dimension 2. Left column: C1 and C2 values were calculated using 1,654 contemporary Holstein cows. Right column: C1 and C2 values were calculated using 2,366 Holstein cattle, including the University of Minnesota Holstein control line that remained unselected since 1964.Click here for fileFigure S4. Overlap between genome stratification and phenotypic stratification of 31 traits. C1 = dimension 1, C2 = dimension 2. Left column: C1 and C2 values were calculated using 1,654 contemporary Holstein cows. Right column: C1 and C2 values were calculated using 2,366 contemporary and historical Holstein cattle, including the University of Minnesota Holstein control line that remained unselected since 1964. \u2018Top 200\u2019 are the 200 cows with the highest PTA values for the trait, \u2018Bottom 200\u2019 are the 200 cows with the lowest PTA values for the trait, and \u2018Other\u2019 are cows with PTA values between top 200 and bottom 200. Click here for fileFigure S5. Overlap between genome stratification and phenotypic stratification for chromosome 1 and the X chromosome. Column 1: chromosome 1; Column 2: X chromosome; C1 and C2 values were calculated using 1,654 contemporary Holstein cows. Column 3: chromosome 1; Column 4: X chromosome; C1 and C2 values were calculated using 2,366 Holstein cattle, including the University of Minnesota Holstein control line that remained unselected since 1964. C1 = dimension 1, C2 = dimension 2; \u2018Top 200\u2019 are the 200 cows with the highest PTA values for the trait, \u2018Bottom 200\u2019 the 200 cows with the lowest PTA values for the trait, and \u2018Other\u2019 are cows with PTA values between top 200 and bottom 200. Click here for fileFigure S6. Global view of P-values of 45,878 SNP effects per trait for 31 production, health, reproduction and body conformation traits by three methods for stratification correction. MY, milk yield; FY, fat yield; PY, protein yield; FPC, fat percentage; PPC, protein percentage; PL, productive life; SCS, somatic cell score; DPR, daughter pregnancy rate; SCE, service-sire calving ease; DCE, daughter calving ease; SSB, service-sire stillbirth; DSB, daughter stillbirth; NM, net merit; STA, stature; STR, strength; BD, body depth; DF, dairy form; RA, rump angle; RW, rump width; FUA, fore udder attachment; RUH, rear udder height; UD, udder depth; UC, udder cleft; FTP, front teat placement; RTP, rear teat placement; TL, teat length; FA, foot angle; RLS, rear legs (side view); RLR, rear legs (rear view); FL, feet and legs; FS, final score. Yellow triangle indicates confirmation among all for methods for stratification correction. Click here for fileTable S1. (Excel file) Output file of top 100 effects on 31 dairy traits by EMMAX tests. Sheet 1: Results of EMMAX using identify by descent (IBS) among all individuals. Sheet 2: Results of EMMAX using the Balding-Nichols kinship matrix among all individuals. Chr30 is the X chromosome, and Chr32 indicates markers with unknown chromosome locations. MY, milk yield; FY, fat yield; PY, protein yield; FPC, fat percentage; PPC, protein percentage; SCS, somatic cell score; DPR, daughter pregnancy rate; PL, productive life; SCE, service-sire calving ease; DCE, daughter calving ease; SSB, service-sire stillbirth; DSB, daughter stillbirth; NM, net merit; STA, stature; STR, strength; BD, body depth; RW, rump width; DF, dairy form; RA, rump angle; FUA, fore udder attachment; RUH, rear udder height; UD, udder depth; UC, udder cleft; FTP, front teat placement; RTP, rear teat placement; TL, teat length; FA, foot angle; RLS, rear legs (side view); RLR, rear legs (rear view); FL, feet and legs; FS, final score. Click here for fileTable S2. (Excel file) Output file of top 100 effects on 31 dairy traits by generalized least squares (GLS) tests. Chr30 is the X chromosome, and Chr32 indicates markers with unknown chromosome locations. MY, milk yield; FY, fat yield; PY, protein yield; FPC, fat percentage; PPC, protein percentage; SCS, somatic cell score; DPR, daughter pregnancy rate; PL, productive life; SCE, service-sire calving ease; DCE, daughter calving ease; SSB, service-sire stillbirth; DSB, daughter stillbirth; NM, net merit; STA, stature; STR, strength; BD, body depth; RW, rump width; DF, dairy form; RA, rump angle; FUA, fore udder attachment; RUH, rear udder height; UD, udder depth; UC, udder cleft; FTP, front teat placement; RTP, rear teat placement; TL, teat length; FA, foot angle; RLS, rear legs (side view); RLR, rear legs (rear view); FL, feet and legs; FS, final score. Click here for fileTable S3. (Excel file) Output file of top 100 effects on 31 dairy traits with stratification correction based on principal component analysis (PCA) using to top 20 principal components as covariables. Chr30 is the X chromosome, and Chr32 indicates markers with unknown chromosome locations. MY, milk yield; FY, fat yield; PY, protein yield; FPC, fat percentage; PPC, protein percentage; SCS, somatic cell score; DPR, daughter pregnancy rate; PL, productive life; SCE, service-sire calving ease; DCE, daughter calving ease; SSB, service-sire stillbirth; DSB, daughter stillbirth; NM, net merit; STA, stature; STR, strength; BD, body depth; RW, rump width; DF, dairy form; RA, rump angle; FUA, fore udder attachment; RUH, rear udder height; UD, udder depth; UC, udder cleft; FTP, front teat placement; RTP, rear teat placement; TL, teat length; FA, foot angle; RLS, rear legs (side view); RLR, rear legs (rear view); FL, feet and legs; FS, final score. Click here for fileTable S4. (Excel file) Overlap between top 100 effects per trait for 31 dairy traits from methods for stratification correction and the top 100 effects from the analysis without stratification correction. A1_elite160: frequency of allele 1 in the elite cluster of 160 cows; A1_1494: frequency of allele 1 in the remaining 1,494 cows excluding the elite cluster; Allele 1 = A for AC, AG and AT, = C for CG and CT, = G for GT (GT not observed in our SNP data set). MY, milk yield; FY, fat yield; PY, protein yield; FPC, fat percentage; PPC, protein percentage; SCS, somatic cell score; DPR, daughter pregnancy rate; PL, productive life; SCE, service-sire calving ease; DCE, daughter calving ease; SSB, service-sire stillbirth; DSB, daughter stillbirth; NM, net merit; STA, stature; STR, strength; BD, body depth; RW, rump width; DF, dairy form; RA, rump angle; FUA, fore udder attachment; RUH, rear udder height; UD, udder depth; UC, udder cleft; FTP, front teat placement; RTP, rear teat placement; TL, teat length; FA, foot angle; RLS, rear legs (side view); RLR, rear legs (rear view); FL, feet and legs; FS, final score. E: the effect from the method without stratification correction[Click here for fileFigure S7. Manhattan plots of the AIPL effect distribution, and results from three sets of analysis: 1) LS, GLS, EMMAX-IBS using the full data set of 1,654 cows; 2) adding PCA to GLS and EMMAX-IBS using 1,654 cows; and 3) LS, GLS and EMMAX using 1,494 cows by removing the 160 elite cows. Red triangle indicates confirmation between effect size and significance test(s). Black triangle indicates confirmation of the AIPL effect by a nearby SNP marker. Black triangle indicates confirmation of the AIPL effect by a nearby SNP marker. Yellow triangle indicates confirmation between EMMAX and GLS. Green triangle indicates eliminated or reduced significance due to add PCA to GLS or EMMAX, or due to removing the 160 elite cows from the analysis. Blue triangle indicates increased significance due to add PCA to GLS or EMMAX, or due to removing the 160 elite cows from the analysis. Click here for file"}
{"text": "Zea mays). The correct citation is: Szpak P, Longstaffe FJ, Millaire J-F, White CD (2012) Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry of Seabird Guano Fertilization: Results from Growth Chamber Studies with Maize (Zea mays). PLoS ONE 7(3): e33741. There was a typographical error in the title. The correct title is: Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry of Seabird Guano Fertilization: Results from Growth Chamber Studies with Maize ("}
{"text": "The two cyclopentadienyl rings exhibit a staggered conformation, which results from the bulky bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)methyl substituents situated on opposite sides of the molecule.The molecule of the title compound, [Fe(C DOI: Click here for additional data file.10.1107/S1600536812041360/mw2088Isup2.hklStructure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF reportAdditional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "Compromised bone health is recognized as an important source of morbidity among children with glucocorticoid (GC)-treated rheumatic diseases (RD). The aims of this study were to determine the frequency and characteristics of incident vertebral fractures (VF) 12 months after GC initiation in a prospectively-followed cohort of children with RD, and to examine clinical factors associated with their development.Children (< 17 years) initiating GC for treatment of RD between January 2005 and December 2007 in ten participating Canadian tertiary pediatric centers were enrolled in the Steroid-Associated Osteoporosis in the Pediatric Population (STOPP) study. Enrolled patients had baseline (within 30 days of initiating GC) and 6- monthly spine areal (a) BMD studies. Additionally, radiographs of the thoracolumbar spine at baseline and 12 months (m) were evaluated using the Genant semi-quantitative method. Fractures present at baseline  were documented. An incident VF was defined as a new VF or worsening of an existing fracture. Patients also had baseline and 3 monthly assessment of GC exposure, clinical status including disease activity , and questionnaires to determine physical activity and vitamin D/calcium intake.2) was almost double in those with incident VFs  versus those without ; with the greatest difference in GC dose seen within the first 6m. None of the 9 children with baseline prevalent VFs had incident fractures. In 8 of these 9 patients, spine status had improved overall at 12 m.Of 135 patients enrolled, data were available on 118  at 12 m. Diagnoses included juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) (23%), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (36 %), systemic lupus (SLE) and related conditions (18%), systemic vasculitis (14%), and other ( 9%). At 12 m, 7 patients (6%) had 12 incident VFs . All incident VFs were new fractures; 5 patients had a single VF, one had 2 VFs and one had 5 VFs. Three patients had mild and 4 had moderate VFs. Nine (75%) of the incident VFs were thoracic and 11 (92%) had wedge morphology. Patients with and without incident VFs were similar for age, gender, pubertal status, disease activity, physical activity, vitamin D/calcium intake and presence of back pain. The decrease in spine aBMD and increase in BMI in the first 6 months was larger in those with incident VFs  versus those without . Cumulative GC dose ; however one patient was more severely affected. Children with incident VFs received almost twice as much GC therapy as those without, had a greater decline in spine BMD, and manifested greater increases in BMI. Back pain and baseline prevalent VFs did not appear to be associated with incident VFs. Funded by CIHR.Bianca A. Lang: None; Celia Rodd: None; Timothy Ramsay: None; David A. Cabral: None; Peter B. Dent: Roche , 6; Janet E. Ellsworth: None; Kristin M. Houghton: None; Adam Huber: None; Roman Jurencak: None; Maggie Larch\u00e9: None; Claire M.A. LeBlanc: None; Brian Lentle: None; MaryAnn Matzinger: None; Paivi M. Miettunen: None; Kiem Oen: None; Johannes Roth: None; Claire Saint-Cyr: None; Rosie Scuccimarri: None; Nazih Shenouda: None; Leanne M. Ward: None; and the Canadian STOPP Consortium: None."}
{"text": "AbstractSinotrisus Yin & Li, comprising four species, is redefined and revised. Members of Sinotrisus are often found with ants of the subfamily Formicinae, or in humid forest habitats. The type speciesand three new species are (re-)described and illustrated: Sinotrisus kishimotoi Yin & Nomura, sp. n. (China: Sichuan), Sinotrisus nomurai Yin, Li & Zhao (type species) (China: Zhejing), Sinotrisus sinensis Yin & Nomura, sp. n. (China: Sichuan) and Sinotrisus vietnamensis Yin & Nomura, sp. n. (Vietnam: Lai Chau). A key is included as an aid to distinguishing these species.The genus  Sinotrisus Yin & Li currently contains a single species, Sinotrisus nomuraiPageBreakYin, Li & Zhao, from East China  comprises more than 220 genera distributed in all zoogeographical regions except for New Zealand, and about one-third of them are known from Asia  is used to separate lines on the same label, and a double slash (//) is used to separate different labels on the same pin.= HL+PL+EL+AL); EL\u2013length of the elytra along the suture; EW\u2013maximum width of the elytra; HL\u2013length of the head from the anterior clypeal margin to the occipital constriction; HW\u2013width of the head across eyes; PL\u2013length of the pronotum along the midline; PW\u2013maximum width of the pronotum.Measurements are in millimeters; the following acronyms are used in the text: AL\u2013length of the abdomen along the midline; AW\u2013maximum width of the abdomen; BL\u2013length of the body ;NSMT National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan (Sh\u00fbhei Nomura).Yin & Li, 2010http://species-id.net/wiki/SinotrisusSinotrisus Yin & Li, 2010: 249.Sinotrisus nomurai Yin, Li & Zhao, 2010 .Head trapezoidal; frontal rostrum low, antennal tubercles moderately raised. Pronotum with median and lateral longitudinal sulci; small antebasal spines present, lacking lateral spines; median longitudinal sulcus broadened posteriorly to form longitudinal impression, usually lacking median antebasal fovea in impression. Elytra with three basal fovea, discal striae shallow, extending to half elytral length. Tergite IV longest, with thick triangular ridge formed by inner and outer marginal carinae.PageBreak antennomeres, ocular-mandibular carinae present; eyes roundly prominent; maxillary palpomeres III triangular, IV narrowed to base in basal half; gular carina present; foveae close in large pit.Length 3.0\u20133.3. Reddish brown. Head trapezoidal; with frontal rostrum low, antennal tubercles moderately prominent; with nude, deep vertexal foveae; occipital margins usually carinate; postocular margins narrowing toward head base; with eleven antennomeres, clubs weakly to distinctly indicated by apical threePronotum with distinct lateral longitudinal sulci, median longitudinal sulcus ending posteriorly as broader longitudinal antebasal impression, then followed by short median carina; lateral antebasal foveae distinct; antebasal spines minute or absent, small spines variably present along discal ridges; lateral margins lacking spines; with both inner and outer pair of basolateral foveae present; paranotal carinae at least extending anteriorly to half prosternal length; lateral procoxal foveae present.Each elytron with three distinct basal foveae, shallow discal stria extending to half elytral length; with complete sutural and marginal striae. Thorax with lateral mesoventral foveae forked, median mesoventral foveae with openings touching, into shared transverse cavity; with large mesocoxal foveae; lateral metaventral foveae present; metaventrite with narrow posteromedian notch. Legs with second and third tarsomeres subsequent in length.Tergite IV longer than subsequent one, with inner marginal carinae extending entire tergal length, together with outer marginal carinae forming thick triangular ridge; mediobasal sulcus deep between mediobasal foveae, sulcus bracketed by short, tuberculate discal carinae; lateral foveae at mesal and lateral margins of short, deep basolateral sulci; tergite V with thin marginal carinae, punctiform mediobasal and basolateral foveae present; VI with marginal carinae indistinct, mediobasal and inner pair of basolateral foveae as shallow trace; VII with one pair of basolateral foveae and minute lateral tubercles. Sternite IV about twice length of V at midline, with large mediobasal and two pairs of small basolateral foveae; sternites V\u2013VII each with one pair of basolateral foveae. Foveae of abdominal segments V\u2013VII often overlapped by previous segment.Males with vertex, apices of mesotibiae and metatrochanters modified. Aedeagus with basal bulb greatly constricted basally; paramere fused to median lobe to form ventral lobe; articulated dorsal lobe offset to right side.Batrisodes Reitter of the Batrisus genus-group, but does not fit any subgeneric concept sensu Park (1951). Sinotrisus is here placed as a member of Tribasodes group by the males having protuberant metatrochanters and the aedeagus with an articulated dorsal lobe . Tianxi Xiang / Meigu Xian //  / [same locality data in Chinese] / 5.x.1997, T. kishimoto // HOLOTYPE [red] / Vertex strongly modified in male. Antennomeres VII slightly elongate. Pronotum with minute spines along discal ridges; basolateral foveae small. Mesotibiae with apical spur longer than first tarsomeres.Male . Length PageBreakFemale . SimilarSouthwestChina: Sichuan.Formica sp.Named after the collector of the holotype, T. kishimoto.Yin, Li & Zhaohttp://species-id.net/wiki/Sinotrisus_nomuraiSinotrisus nomurai Yin, Li & Zhao, 2010: 251.PageBreak[red] / Sinotrisus nomurai sp. n. / Yin and Li / det. 2010, SNUC\u2019. Paratype, male, same label data as holotype, with the following label: \u2018PARATYPE [yellow] / Sinotrisus nomurai sp. n. / Yin and Li / det. 2012, SNUC\u2019.PageBreakHolotype, male, labeled \u2018China: Zhejiang Prov. / W. Tianmushan Mt. / firebreak / 01.v.2009, 1,400 m / Xiao-Bing SONG leg. // HOLOTYPE Vertex modified in the male. Antennomeres VII transverse. Pronotum lacking spines along discal ridges; basolateral foveae broad. Mesotibiae with one tiny and one long apical spur.PageBreak with long ventral spine slightly curved toward base in apical half; mesotibiae with apical spur  / Kangding Xian /  / [same locality data in Chinese] / 9.ix.1998 / Toshio Kishimoto leg. // HOLOTYPE [red] / Vertex modified in male. Antennomeres VII elongate. Pronotum with indistinct spines along discal ridges; basolateral foveae punctiform. Mesotibiae with one tiny and another larger apical spur, larger spur shorter than first tarsomeres.Male . Length Female. Unknown.Southwest China: Sichuan.Formica sp.PageBreakNamed after the country where the type locality lies.Yin & Nomurasp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0E6979F9-99FC-408B-BBF3-038C82E92618http://species-id.net/wiki/Sinotrisus_vietnamensisSinotrisus vietnamensis sp. n. / Yin and Nomura / det. 2012, NSMT\u2019.Holotype, male, labeled \u2018Mt. Phang Si Pang . Lai Chau Prov. / [N. VIETNAM] / 17.v.2003, S. Nomura leg. // HOLOTYPE [red] / Vertex modified in male. Antennomeres VII greatly transverse. Pronotum lacking spines along discal ridges; basolateral foveae small. Mesotibiae with apical spur about as long as first tarsomeres.PageBreakgin of vertexal cavity; shallow transverse cavity with large foveae, area posterior to cavity strongly raised medially to form rostrum, densely covered with setae; with distinct occipital carinae; postocular margins evenly narrowed toward head base; antennomeres IV (PageBreak small blunt tubercle at ventral margin. Abdomen slightly wider than long, AL 0.88, AW 1.10; segments lacking basal ridges. Aedeagus (Male . Length meres IV  about sameres IV  with lonmeres IV  about sameres IV  broadly Aedeagus  well-sclFemale. Unknown.Vietnam: Lai Chau.The individual was collected from a pile of moist moss.Named after the country where the type locality lies."}
{"text": "Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are common conditions encountered in the ICU. Whether mortality has decreased over time or not, they are still many unanswered questions about the impact of pharmacological treatment on ALI/ARDS mortality.The objectives were to perform a review of the literature in search of the randomized control trials that asses the pharmacological impact in ALI/ARDS on all-cause mortality. We included all RCTs of pharmacological treatments in ALI/ARDS that had an impact in mortality in adults. We excluded RCTs that included patients <18 years old and animals. We also excluded trials that tested fluid therapy, mechanical ventilation, nonpharmacological treatments, antibiotics and reviews. No date or language restriction was applied.n = 271), enteral nutrition (n = 411), surfactant , nitric oxide , APC (n = 75), muscle relaxants (n = 340), prostaglandins (n = 550), NAC (n = 127), silvelastat (n = 492), rPAF-HD (n = 127) lisofylline (n = 235), rFVIIa antagonist (n = 214), OTZ (n = 215) and verapamile-procaine compound (n = 150).We included 37 RCTs involving 6,303 patients in different ALI/ARDS treatment modalities: steroids (Only steroid treatment (methylprednisolone) and nutritional therapy (EPA + GLA + antioxidants) showed a trend towards reduced mortality. Other treatments were associated with reduced morbidity. However, many empirical treatments are still used in day-to-day practice."}
{"text": "AbstractHymenoptera, Formicidae) of Bulgaria is made on a base of critical reconsideration of literature (covering the period from 1892 till 2009 and part of 2010) as well as on examination of the authors\u2018 and several museum\u2018s collections. A lot of data were omitted in the previous Bulgarian monograph on ants, lots of new data were recently added and many important additions and alterations were made due to taxonomic revisions of Eurasian Formicidae during the last three decades. Two new species are reported for the country [Temnothorax graecus  and Temnothorax cf. korbi ].The present catalogue of the ants (This catalogue contains a list of 163 ant species belonging to 40 genera of 6 subfamilies now known from Bulgaria. Synonyms and information on the previously reported names in relevant publications are given. Known localities of the species are grouped by geographic regions. Maps with concrete localities or regions for each species were prepared. The conservation status of 13 ant species is given as they are included in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and Bulgarian Biodiversity Act. In comparison with adjacent Balkan regions the ant fauna of Bulgaria is quite rich and its core is composed of South European elements. The Bulgarian myrmecofauna is among the richest of the local faunas of Southern Europe. This is a result of the high diversity of natural habitats, variability of climate and orography, and by the complicated history of the origin of the ant fauna of this relatively small territory. Despite a comparatively large number of publications concerning myrmecological investigation in this country, including monographic synthesizing, a lot of data has been omitted by previous authors and much new data has been added recently. To make a complete synopsis of all the existing information we have summarized it and compiled modern Catalogue of Bulgarian ants.Temnothorax bulgaricus (as Leptothorax), Cardiocondyla bulgarica (as Cardiocondyla elegans Emery var. bulgarica), and Cardiocondyla stambuloffii.Early studies of the myrmecofauna of Bulgaria started more than 100 years ago, when The most significant contribution to the fauna and biology of the ants in Bulgaria over the past century was made by Dr. Neno Atanassov, whose first papers were published in the 1930s , 1936, wIn the 1960s and 1980s myrmecological investigations in Bulgaria were concerned mostly with the distribution and biology of red wood ants .Formicidae, that also include data on Bulgarian ants, have been published ; Zoological Museum of the Moscow State University, Russia (ZMMU); Museum and Institute of Zoology of Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland (MIZ); shmalhausen Institute of Zoology of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine (SIZK); National Museum of Natural History, Prague, Czech Republic (NMNHP). All the available literature was also surveyed and the data therein used and in some cases critically reviewed.Dr. Neno Atanassov\u2019s collection of ants is kept in the National History Museum in Sofia and includes a few thousands of mounted specimens. Unfortunately, the collection is almost useless as the specimens have no locality labels but only numbers.Temnothorax graecus  and Temnothorax cf. korbi ] for the country are reported.This catalogue contains a list of ant species, currently known in Bulgaria. Synonyms, information on the previously reported names and localities are included. Two new species ; Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: Kulata, Melnik Bulgaria   ; Northerdistrict ; Souther: Rezovo .PageBreakPonera testacea.See Emery, 1895Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: Melnik, Melnik river valley, Rozhen Eastern Danubian Plain: Dobrudzha , : Easternobrudzha ; Thraciailengrad ; Krupnikandanski ; SoutherSantschi, 1912Bulgaria Eastern Rhodopi Mts: near Shiroko pole vill. (Momchilgrad) (: Easternhilgrad) .Dacetini and proposed synonymisation of many generic names  and, perhaps, needs additional revisions and we use here the system, proposed by Bulgaria  ; Central Stara Planina Mts: Botev peak (Ray hut) [Myrmica rubida)]; Vitosha Mt. ; Osogovska Planina Mt.: Ruen peak [Myrmica rubida)], Kamen peak [Myrmica rubida)]; Rila Mt.: Elenin peak, Rilska river valley (Myrmica rubida)], Musala peak ; Vitosha Mt. , Betova (Sofia Basin: Sofia [Myrmica rugulososcabrinodis)]; Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: Melnik, Sandanski ; Eastern Stara Planina Mts: Sliven [Myrmica laevinodis)]; Sofia Basin: Sofia (Vitosha Mt. [Myrmica laevinodis)]: Knyazhevo [Myrmica laevinodis)], Zheleznitsa vill. [Myrmica rubra laevinodis)]; Plana Mt.: Plana vill., Kokalyane monastery , Ivanova mogila peak (Alino vill.)  ; Western Smolyan .Nylander, 1846Bulgaria , Astronomical observatory (between Plana vill. and Dolni Okol vill.), east of Zheleznitsa vill., under Muhchel peak (Dolni Okol vill.), Tsiganka peak (Pasarel vill.), Peyova buka hut (Pasarel vill.)  ; Belasititsa Mt. ; Krupniksa river ; Rila Mtonastery , Borovetonastery ; Slavian reserve ; Westernhepelare .Nylander, 1849Bulgaria , Bukov dol loc. (Pasarel vill.), Pasarel vill., Alino vill., Peyova buka hut (Pasarel vill.), Zvezdel vill. (Momchilgrad), Malki Voden vill. (Madzharovo), Kokiche vill.  ; Lozenskonastery ; Strandzdzha Mt. ; Rila Mtdopi Mts ; WesternRakitovo ; Easternrdzhali) ; South BBulgaria .Nylander, 1846Bulgaria   ; Eastern: Sliven ; Sofia Bn: Sofia , 2008; Vosha Mt. , 1952; Pel vill. ; Lozensknina Mt. , near Genina Mt. ; Bakadzht: Aytos ; Belasititsa Mt. ; Westerna, Batak .Viereck, 1903Bulgaria (Stara Planina Mts (Sofia Basin: Sofia (PageBreak Vitosha Mt. (Plana Mt.: Tsiganka peak (Pasarel vill.), Bukov dol loc. (Pasarel vill.), Pasarel vill., Alino vill., Turmachka neighbourhood (Plana vill.)  ; Lozenskonastery ; Krupnikno vill. ; Rila MtRila Mt. ; Pirin Mirin Mt. : Rozhen irin Mt. ; Rhodopidopi Mts ; WesternRakitovo .Sadil, 1952Myrmica salinanec Ruzsky, 1905 : Sofia Basin: Sofia [Myrmica salina)]; Strandzha Mt.: Tirnovo [Myrmica salina)]; Western Rhodopi Mts: Bachkovo [Myrmica salina)].: Sofia BMyrmica slovaca has been considered as a junior synonym of Myrmica salina Ruzsky, 1905, but very recently Myrmica salina showed that these two species are not conspecific and revived the name Myrmica slovaca from synonymy.During the last decade Myrmica slovaca is in Bulgaria, this species was omitted by Despite the fact that one of the type localities of Bondroit, 1918Myrmica sancta  Karawajew, 1926Myrmica bessarabicanec Nasonov, 1889 : Bulgaria (Sofia Basin: Sofia (Lyulin Mt. [Myrmica bessarabica)]; Strandzha Mt.: Malko Tarnovo (Rila Mt.: Kostenets [Myrmica sancta)]; Southern Black Sea coast: Sozopol   ; Sofia Bya vill. , 2008; Lulin Mt. ; Vitoshaosha Mt. ; Plana Mol vill.); Belasitelasitsa ; Krupnikr valley ; Rila Mtnin peak , Kostenenin peak ; WesternRakitovo .Bondroit, 1920Vitosha Mt.:above Selimitsa hut Stenamma westwoodinec Westwood, 1839 : Bulgaria , Plana Mt.: Peyova buka hut (Pasarel vill.) (Sushtinska Sredna Gora Mts: under Bratiya peak (Belasitsa Mt. ; Thracian Lowland: Harmanli [Messor semirufus meridionalis)]; Ograzhden Mt. [Messor semirufus meridionalis)]; Belasitsa Mt. ]; Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: Petrich [Messor semirufus meridionalis)]; Eastern Rhodopi Mts: Kardzhali [Messor semirufus meridionalis)]; Northern Black Sea coast: Obzor [Messor semirufus meridionalis)]; Southern Black Sea coast: Ropotamo river \u2013 Sozopol [Messor semirufus var. meridionalis)].: BulgariBulgaria ; Podbalkitsa Mt. : east slBulgaria Northern Black Sea coast: Kavarna, Kaliakra ]; Ograzhden Mt., Belasitsa Mt. [Messor oertzeni var. amphigea)]; Slavianka Mt. (Western Rhodopi Mts (Eastern Rhodopi Mts: Senoklas vill. (Madzharovo), Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad)  ; Northerd palace .Messor muticus  Nylander, 1849Messor barbarus varrialei  Emery, 1921Messor clivorum  Ruzsky, 1905Messor rufitarsis  Fabricius, 1804Bulgaria ; Western Stara Planina Mts: PageBreakMilanovo vill., Lakatnik station , Vrattsata loc., Zgorigrad vill. [Messor clivorum)], Vratsa [Messor clivorum)], Chepan Mt. (Dragoman) ], Zemen (Sofia Basin: surroundings of Sofia (Lyulin Mt. (Vitosha Mt. [Messor clivorum)]: Boyana ; Plana Mt.: Pasarel vill., Peyova buka hut (Pasarel vill.), Grobat peak ]; Ihtimanska Sredna Gora: Benkovski peak [Messor barbarus varrialei and Messor structor rufitarsis)]; Lozenska Planina Mt. (Thracian Lowland: Pazardzhik (Messor rufitarsis)]; Bakadzhik-Burgas district: Aytos (Messor clivorum)]; Osogovska Planina Mt.: Hisarlaka [Messor barbarus varrialei and Messor structor rufitarsis)]; Ograzhden Mt. [Messor barbarus varrialei and Messor structor rufitarsis)]; Belasitsa Mt.: at the foot of Belasitsa Mt. [Messor barbarus varrialei and Messor structor rufitarsis)]; Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: Kresna gorge [Messor structor rufitarsis)], surroundings of Parvomay vill., along Strumeshnitsa river [Messor barbarus varrialei)], Petrich [Messor rufitarsis romanus)]; Slavianka Mt.: Petrovo vill. [Messor rufitarsis romanus)]; Western Rhodopi Mts: Asenovgrad (Eastern Rhodopi Mts: Dedets vill. (Zlatograd), Byal Izvor vill. (Arda), Momchilgrad, Madzharovo, between Dabovets and Kamilski dol vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Odrintsi vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Padalo vill. (Krumovgrad) ], Balchik (Southern Black Sea coast: Nesebar (Messor rufitarsis romanus)].: Bulgariragoman) ; Zemen G], Zemen ; Sofia Bof Sofia ; Lyulin ulin Mt. ; Vitoshabat peak ; Podbalknina Mt. ; north onina Mt. ; Thraciazardzhik , Plovdivzardzhik , Harmanlt: Aytos , Mandra enovgrad , Smilyanenovgrad ; Easternmovgrad) , Daskalomovgrad) ; Norther Balchik ; Souther Nesebar , Mandra GenusWestwood, 1839Bulgaria  [Pheidole pallidula arenarum var. orientalis)]; Western Stara Planina Mts: Lakatnik station [Pheidole pallidula arenarum var. orientalis)]; PageBreak Planina Mts:Central Stara Zhaltets peak [Pheidole pallidula arenarum var. orientalis)]; Eastern Stara Planina Mts: Sliven ]; Podbalkan Basins: Rose valley [Pheidole pallidula arenarum var. orientalis)]; Strandzha Mt.: Ropotamo river ]; west of Petrich [Pheidole pallidula arenarum var. orientalis)]; Ograzhden Mt. [Pheidole pallidula arenarum var. orientalis)]; Belasitsa Mt.: at the foot of Belasitsa Mt. [Pheidole pallidula arenarum var. orientalis)]; Western Rhodopi Mts: Asenovgrad (Eastern Rhodopi Mts: Dedets vill. (Zlatograd), Malko Popovo vill. (Madzharovo), Madzharovo, between Dabovets and Kamilski dol vill. (Ivaylovgrad), between Odrintsi vill. and Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Padalo vill. (Krumovgrad) ], Kavarna  ; Norther Kavarna ; Souther Sozopol , Burgas  Sozopol , near Ro Sozopol .GenusCurtis, 1829Myrmecina latreillei  Curtis, 1829Bulgaria ], Tsarevo ).: KrupnikCremastogaster scutellaris var. christowitchii  Forel, 1892Bulgaria (Western Stara Planina Mts: Lakatnik station (Eastern Stara Planina Mts: Sliven [Crematogaster scutellaris)]; Podbalkan Basins: Rose valley (Thracian Lowland: Pazardzhik [Crematogaster scutellaris var. christotwitchii)]; Bakadzhik-Burgas district: Aytos [Crematogaster scutellaris var. christotwitchii)]; Strandzha Mt. (Crematogaster scutellaris var. christotwitchii)]; Belasitsa Mt. ], Dospat (Eastern Rhodopi Mts: Zhelezino vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Madzharovo municipality, Malko Popovo vill. (Madzharovo), Malki Voden vill. (Madzharovo), between Dabovets and Kamilski dol vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Odrintsi vill. (Ivaylovgrad), between Odrintsi and Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Kokiche vill. , Meden buk vill. (Ivaylovgrad) (Southern Black Sea coast: Veselie vill. [Crematogaster scutellaris var. christotwitchii)], Burgas [Crematogaster scutellaris)], Rezovo [Crematogaster scutellaris and Crematogaster scutellaris var. christotwitchii)].: BulgariBulgaria ; Western station ; Easterne valley ; Thraciadzha Mt. : Papia pitsa Mt. ; Krupniksa river ; Slavianvo vill. ; Western, Dospat ; Easternlovgrad) ; SoutherCrematogaster scutellaris should be refer to Crematogaster schmidti.According to Bulgaria Bulgaria , Madzharovo municipality, Malko Popovo vill. (Madzharovo), between Dabovets and Kamilski dol vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad)  ; Norther Kavarna .GenusMayr, 1855Eastern Danubian Plain: Ruse, Shumen Bulgaria [Diplorhoptrum fugax)]; Western Predbalkan: Rachene river valley [Diplorhoptrum fugax)]; Central Predbalkan: Dermantsi vill. (Lukovit) (Western Stara Planina Mts: Milanovo vill. (Vratsa) (Sofia Basin: Sofia .: Sofia Bn: Sofia ; Plana Mno vill. ; WesternPeshtera ; SoutherTemnothorax crassispinus was considered as a junior synonym of Temnothorax nylanderi, but Temnothorax nylanderi is mainly West European species. Nevertheless, we recently found Temnothorax nylanderi in parks in Sofia. Therefore although most of the records of Temnothorax nylanderi for Bulgaria from before 2000 should be Temnothorax crassispinus, some of them might include also \u201ctrue\u201d Temnothorax nylanderi, this question may be definitely resolved only after investigation of the correspondent material.For many years Central Stara Planina Mts: Gabrovo monastery (Gabrovo) .: CentralWestern Predbalkan: Belogradchik   ; Krupnik Petrich ; Norther Balchik . cf.Southern Black Sea coast: Ahtopol .PageBreak: SoutherBulgaria Western Rhodopi Mts: Chervenata stena reserve (Dobrostan) (: Westernbrostan) .Bulgaria Temnothorax nylanderi: Sofia Basin: Sofia , Balchik Bulgaria (Western Stara Planina Mts: Chepan Mt. (Dragoman) (PageBreakEastern Stara Planina Mts: Sliven (Vitosha Mt.: Knyazhevo (Plana Mt.: Bukov dol loc. (Pasarel vill.)  ; Eastern: Sliven ; Vitoshanyazhevo ; Plana Ml vill.) .Bulgaria .Bulgaria Leptothorax rottenbergi var. balcanica  Santschi, 1909Bulgaria ]; Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: Kresna gorge [Leptothorax rottenbergi var. balcanica)], Sandanski [Leptothorax rottenbergi var. balcanica)]; Belasitsa Mt.: slopes of Belasitsa Mt. [Leptothorax rottenbergi var. balcanica)]; Western Rhodopi Mts: Asenovgrad (Eastern Rhodopi Mts: Dedets vill. (Zlatograd), Byal Izvor vill. (Arda), Momchilgrad, Madzharovo Western Predbalkan: Cherven bryag  .: BulgariBulgaria , 1995a; Bulgaria Leptothorax tuberum r. unifasciatus var. unifasciatotuberumnomen nudum and unavailable name)  Forel, 1892 (Leptothorax tuberum r. unifasciatus var. interruptotuberumnomen nudum and unavailable name)  Forel, 1892   ; Stara Pnina Mts ; Eastern: Sliven ; Sofia Bn: Sofia , 2008, sn: Sofia ; Vitoshaosha Mt. ; Plana Mno vill. ; Lozenskel vill. ; Strandzdzha Mt. ; Belasititsa Mt. ; Rila MtRila Mt. ; Rhodopidopi Mts ; WesternPeshtera ; Souther: Burgas .GenusMenozzi, 1923Bulgaria .GenusRuzsky, 1902Ruzsky, 1902Western Predbalkan: Reselets vill. (Cherven Bryag) (: Westernn Bryag) .Vulnerable D2 (IUCN).Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: Kresna [Epimyrma ravouxi)].: KrupnikVulnerable D2 (IUCN).GenusEmery, 1869Forel, 1892Bulgaria [Cardiocondyla elegans)]; Pirin Mt.: Rozhen   , Melnik Simitli) ; Northerva river ; Southerrimorsko .Forel, 1905Bulgaria [Cardiocondyla batesii Forel)].Cardiocondyla nigra for Bulgaria and Turkey (Thrace), and Cardiocondyla batesii that he considered as a senior synonym of Cardiocondyla nigra). However, Cardiocondyla batesii and Cardiocondyla nigra as separate species. According to him, the first species is distributed in Iberian Peninsula and NW Africa ; Strandzha Mt. , Madzharovo municipality, Byal Izvor vill. (Arda), Beli Plast vill. , Malko Popovo vill. (Madzharovo), between Dabovets and Kamilski dol vill. (Ivaylovgrad), between Odrintsi vill. and Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Svirachi vill. (Southern Black Sea coast: Primorsko [Tetramorium taurocaucasicum)], Maslen nos [Tetramorium taurocaucasicum)], Burgas  ; Sofia Bosha Mt. ; Lozenskonastery ; Thraciadzha Mt. ; Belasititsa Mt. ; Boboshegoevgrad ; Pirin Mirin Mt. ; Rhodopidopi Mts ; Easternhi vill. ; Souther, Burgas .Tetramorium forte and Tetramorium moravicum from Bulgaria, but Tetramorium moravicum, as well as Tetramorium taurocaucasicum, as junior synonyms of Tetramorium forte. The complicate taxonomic history of this species was resolved recently by Emery, 1908Southern Black Sea coast: Ahtopol   .Bulgaria  [PageBreak(as Tetramorium caespitum semilaeve)]; Sofia Basin: Sofia ; Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: Kresna [Tetramorium caespitum semilaeve)], around Mitino vill. [Tetramorium caespitum semilaeve)]; Sandanski , Zhelezino vill. (Ivaylovgrad), between Odrintsi vill. and Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad) [Tetramorium semilaeve)]; Northern Black Sea coast: Varna [Tetramorium semilaeve)].: BulgariBulgaria ; Centralne vill. ; Belasitandanski , Rupite andanski ; EasternTetramorium caespitum, was raised to species rank by Tetramorium hungaricum as a Ponto-Caspian or Balkan element.This species, primarily described as a subspecies of Kratochvil, 1941Bulgaria .Central Predbalkan: Veliko Tarnovo . Later Strongylognathus rehbinderi bulgaricus) and considered Strongylognathus kratochvili as its junior synonym. Nevertheless, based on the Strongylognathus bulgaricus is Strongylognathus kratochvili has priority. Strongylognathus bulgaricus.PageBreakVulnerable D2 (IUCN).Bulgaria   ; Souther Ahtopol .SubfamilyGenusLund, 1831Bulgaria  (Sofia Basin: Sofia ; Southwestern Bulgaria [Hypoclinea quadripunctata)]; Belasitsa Mt.  ; Sofia Bel vill. ; Bakadzht: Aytos ; Strandzdzha Mt. : Malko Titsa Mt. ; Krupnikch plain ; Rila MtRila Mt. ; Westernenovgrad ; Easterndzharovo ; Southerie vill. .GenusMayr, 1861Bulgaria (Western Danubian Plain: Sadovets vill. (Lukovit)     , LukovitLukovit) ; Easterndistrict ; CentralLukovit) , 1957; Snina Mts ; Centralsa vill. ; Eastern: Sliven ; Podbalkazanlak) ; Sredna gora Mts ; Thraciazardzhik , Krichimzardzhik ; Bakadzht: Aytos ; Strandzdzha Mt. ; Belasititsa Mt. ; Krupniksa river ; Rila MtRila Mt. : Rila  ; Southerie vill. .GenusF\u00f6rster, 1850Bulgaria ; Rila Mt.: Rilska river valley , Beli Plast vill. , Momchilgrad, Madzharovo municipality, between Odrintsi and Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Senoklas vill. (Madzharovo)  ; Centralzhen hut ; Eastern: Sliven ; Sofia Bn: Sofia , 2008, sn: Sofia , 2008; Vosha Mt. ; Plana Mno vill. ; Lozensknina Mt. ; Strandzdzha Mt. ; DupnitsDupnitsa ; Belasititsa Mt. ; Krupnikr valley ; Pirin Mdopi Mts ; WesternPeshtera , RadilovPeshtera ; Easternzharovo) ; Black Sea coast ; Northerd palace ; Souther Sozopol .Forel, 1895Tapinoma ambiguum  Emery, 1925Bulgaria Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: west of Petrich Sofia Basin: Sofia; Northern Black Sea coast: Varna; Southern Black Sea coast: Burgas [Iridomyrmex humilis)].: Sofia BSubfamilyGenusMayr, 1861Bulgaria (Western Stara Planina Mts: Chepan Mt. (Dragoman) (Eastern Stara Planina Mts: Sliven (Sofia Basin: Sofia (Vitosha Mt. (Lozenska Planina Mt. (Bakadzhik-Burgas district: Aytos (Strandzha Mt. (Osogovska Planina Mt.: Hisarlaka (Dupnitsa Basin: Dupnitsa (Eastern Rhodopi Mts: Dedets vill. (Zlatograd), Byal Izvor vill. (Ardino), Momchilgrad, Beli Plast vill. , Malko Popovo vill. (Madzharovo), Madzharovo, Zvezdel vill. (Momchilgrad), Zhelezino vill. (Ivaylovgrad), between Odrintsi vill. and Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad), between Dabovets vill. and Kamilski dol vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad)  ; Eastern: Sliven ; Sofia Bn: Sofia , 2008, tn: Sofia ; Vitoshaosha Mt. ; Lozensknina Mt. ; Bakadzht: Aytos ; Strandzdzha Mt. ; Osogovsisarlaka ; DupnitsDupnitsa ; Easternlovgrad) ; Southerie vill. .Santschi, 1920Plagiolepis vindobonensis  Lomnicki, 1925Plagiolepis vindobonensis  - all authors before 2000 recorded it under this name.Bulgaria  (Sofia Basin: the surroundings of Sofia (Plana Mt.: Bukov dol loc. (Pasarel vill.)  ; Sofia Bof Sofia ; Plana Ml vill.) ; Lozenskel vill. ; Ograzhditsa Mt. ; Krupnikno vill. ; Westerna, Batak .GenusSantschi, 1926Acantholepis frauenfeldi  - all authors recorded it under this name.PageBreakBulgaria   .Bulgaria [Acantholepis splendens)].This species was omitted by GenusMayr, 1861Bulgaria    , Smolyaneshtera) ; Easternrdzhali) .GenusFabricius, 1804Bulgaria  , Dedets vill. (Zlatograd), Dyadovtsi vill. (Ardino), Madzharovo, Zvezdel vill. (Momchilgrad), between Dabovets vill. and Kamilski dol vill. (Ivaylovgrad), between Odrintsi vill. and Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Zhelezino vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Meden buk vill. (Ivaylovgrad)  ; Konyavssi vill. ; Sofia Bn: Sofia , the surn: Sofia , 2008; Vosha Mt. : Knyazheosha Mt. ; Plana Mel vill. ; Tsigankel vill. ; Lozensknina Mt. : near Genina Mt. ; Bakadzht: Aytos ; Strandzdzha Mt. ; Krupniksa river ; Belasititsa Mt. ; Rila Mtka river ; Westernsa vill. , Dospat,sa vill. ; Easternlovgrad) ; Northerd palace ; Southerie vill. .Lasius alienus\u201d into several species, three of which are found in Bulgaria: Lasius alienus, Lasius paralienus and Lasius psammophilus. Consequently, records of Lasius alienus in all papers before 1992 may refer to any of these species.Seifert, 1988Sofia Basin: Sofia (Plana Mt.: Bukov dol loc. (Pasarel vill.), Peyova buka hut (Pasarel vill.)  ; Pirin M: Rozhen ; Western: Dospat ; Northeror vill. .This species was omitted by Bulgaria Bulgaria  , Richov well loc. (Dolni Okol vill.), Turmachka neighbourhood (Plana vill.), Bukov dol loc. (Pasarel vill.) ; Lozenska Planina Mt.   ; Eastern: Sliven ; Zemen Gen Gorge ; Sofia Bn: Sofia , 2008, tn: Sofia , 2008; Vosha Mt. ; Plana Mnina Mt. : near Genina Mt. ; Bakadzht: Aytos ; Strandzdzha Mt. ; Krupniksa river ; DupnitsDupnitsa ; WesternPeshtera ; Easternzharovo) ; Southerie vill. .Mayr, 1861Thracian Lowland: Svilengrad Eastern Danubian Plain: Tutrakan [Lasius affinis)]; Central Predbalkan: Elena [Lasius affinis)]; Eastern Stara Planina Mts: Prilep [Lasius affinis)], 30 km north of Karnobat (Lasius affinis)]; Sofia Basin: Sofia ; Northern Black Sea coast: Balchik [Lasius affinis)].: EasternKarnobat , Karandionastery ; WesternLasius hybridus  Bulgaria ].: BulgariBulgaria ; WesternThis species was omitted by Bulgaria   ; Norther Balchik .Bulgaria (Western Stara Planina Mts: Milanovo vill. (Vratsa) , Vezhen hut, under Bratanitsa peak  ; Centraltsa peak ; Sofia Bn: Sofia , 2008, tn: Sofia ; Lyulin ulin Mt. ; Vitoshaosha Mt. , 1952; Pe valley ; Lozensknina Mt. ; Strandzri vill. ; Belasititsa Mt. ; Krupniksa river ; Rila MtBorovets ; Westernan vill. , Smolyanan vill. .Bulgaria (Western Danubian Plain: Sadovets vill. (Lukovit)  (Western Stara Planina Mts: Chepan (Dragoman)  , Tsiganka peak (Pasarel vill.), Astronomical observatory (between Plana vill. and Dolni Okol vill.)   ; CentralLukovit) ; Westernragoman) ; Eastern(Sliven) ; Sofia Bn: Sofia , 2008, tn: Sofia , 2008; Lulin Mt. ; Vitoshaosha Mt. ; Plana Ml vill.) ; Podbalke valley ; Lozensknina Mt. ; Thracia Krichim ; Bakadzht: Aytos ; Osogovsisarlaka ; Krupnik Petrich ; WesternPeshtera , Dospat,Peshtera ; Easternlovgrad) ; Northerd palace .Seifert, 1982Western Rhodopi Mts: Dobrostan Bulgaria Bulgaria  (Western Stara Planina Mts:Chepan Mt. (Dragoman)  , Lovech Lukovit) ; Westernragoman) ; Central Teteven ; Easterns: Kotel ; Zemen G station ; Osogovsustendil ; Bobosheherinovo ; Mesta Vdistrict .Forel, 1894Bulgaria , : Eastern Dobrich ; NortherLasius niger var. alienoniger  Forel, 1874: PageBreakBulgaria ]; Central Predbalkan: Dermantsi vill. (Lukovit) [Lasius alieno niger)]; Western Stara Planina Mts: Chepan (Dragoman) , Sofia Basin: Sofia ; Western Rhodopi Mts: Asenovgrad [Lasius niger Rasse alienus var. alieno-niger)], Devin, Peshtera, Batak ], Veselie vill.  ; Eastern: Sliven ; Zemen Gaterfall ; Vitoshael vill. ; Podbalke valley ; Lozensknina Mt. : near Genina Mt. ; Belasititsa Mt. ; Krupnikch plain ; Rila Mta, Batak ; Southerie vill. .Lasius platythorax. Lasius niger alienoniger Forel, 1874 has been considered by different authors to be a separate species or a junior synonym of Lasius niger, but incertae sedis in Lasius , Turmachka neighbourhood (Plana vill.), Kiselichki kamak peak (Alino vill.)  ; Lozenskel vill. ; Strandzdzha Mt. ; Norther Kavarna .Notes to Lasius alienus, above.See also Seifert, 1991Sofia Basin: Sofia, the surroundings of Sofia near Vladaya vill.   ; Lozenskonastery ; Westerna, Batak .Notes to Lasius niger, above.See also Seifert, 1992Sofia Basin: Sofia Bulgaria (Sofia Basin: Sofia (Ograzhden Mt. (Western Rhodopi Mts: Dospat (Eastern Rhodopi Mts: Dedets vill. (Zlatograd)  .GenusMayr, 1861Emery, 1915Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: Kamenitsa vill., Mikrevo vill.; Pirin Mt.: Kalimantsi vill. Camponotus marginatus  Latreille, 1798 Camponotus aethiops concavus  Dalla Torre, 1893Camponotus aethiops sylvaticoides  Dalla Torre, 1893PageBreakBulgaria  [Camponotus maculatus aethiops var. concava)], Chepan (Dragoman) (Eastern Stara Planina Mts: Sliven [Camponotus maculatus Rasse aethiops Latr.)]; Sofia Basin: Sofia ; Lozenska Planina Mt. (Camponotus maculatus aethiops var. concava)], north of Pasarel vill. (Thracian Lowland: Pazardzhik [Camponotus marginatus)]; Bakadzhik-Burgas district: Aytos ; Strandzha Mt. (Dupnitsa Basin: Dupnitsa [Camponotus maculatus Rasse aethiops Latr.)]; Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: along Strumeshnitsa river, around Marino pole vill. (Ograzhden Mt. (Belasitsa Mt. (Slavianka Mt. (Western Rhodopi Mts [Camponotus maculatus aethiops)]; Western Rhodopi Mts: Asenovgrad [Camponotus maculatus Rasse aethiops Latr. var. sylvaticoides)], Dospat , Byal Izvor vill. (Ardino), Momchilgrad, Madzharovo, Malko Popovo vill. (Madzharovo), Senoklas vill. (Madzharovo), Zhelezino vill. (Ivaylovgrad),Malki Voden vill. (Madzharovo), between Dabovets vill. and Kamilski dol vill. (Ivaylovgrad), between Odrintsi vill. and Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad) (Southern Black Sea coast: Veselie vill. [Camponotus marginatus and Camponotus maculatus Rasse aethiops Latr .)], Sozopol [Camponotus maculatus Rasse aethiops Latr.)].: BulgariBulgaria ; Westernr valley ; Westernragoman) ; Easternosha Mt. , 1952; Pl vill.) ; Podbalke valley ; Ihtimannina Mt. : German el vill. ; Thraciadzha Mt. ; Dupnitsle vill. ; Ograzhdhden Mt. ; Belasititsa Mt. ; Slaviananka Mt. ; Western, Dospat ; Easternlovgrad) ; SoutherCamponotus lateralis var. dalmaticus  Nyl.: Forel 1892Bulgaria Camponotus caryaenec Fitch, 1855 : Bulgaria (Sofia Basin: Sofia (Plana Mt.: Bukov dol loc. (Pasarel vill.) (Lozenska Planina Mt. [Camponotus caryae)]: German monastery  ; Lozenskonastery ; Krupnikay vill. .Emery, 1878Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: Kamenitsa vill. Bulgaria , Bukov dol loc. (Pasarel vill.), Peyova buka hut (Pasarel vill.) , Perelik peak  ; Ihtimanski peak ; Strandzpia peak ; Belasititsa Mt. ; Krupnikra river ; Rila MtRila Mt. : Elenin Rila Mt. , BorovetRila Mt. , 1936, KRila Mt. ; Pirin Mirin Mt. : Bansko-irin Mt. ; Rhodopidopi Mts ; Westernlik peak , Rakitovlik peak ; Southerslen nos .Camponotus herculeanus is aboreo-montane species and its record from \u201cMaslen nos\u201d seems doubtful.Emery, 1920Bulgaria Bulgaria  , Zvezdel vill. (Momchilgrad), between Odrintsi vill. and Svirachi vill. (Ivaylovgrad), between Dabovets vill. and Kamilski dol vill. (Ivaylovgrad)  ; Eastern: Sliven ; Sofia Bn: Sofia ; Vitoshaaterfall ; Lozensknina Mt. ; Strandzdzha Mt. ; Belasititsa Mt. ; Slaviananka Mt. ; Westernenovgrad ; Easternlovgrad) ; Souther Sozopol .Camponotus herculeanus herculeanoligniperda  Forel, 1874Bulgaria  [Camponotus herculeanus var. herculeano-ligniperda)]; Stara Planina Mts , Tsiganka peak (Pasarel vill.), Pasarel vill., Bukov dol loc. (Pasarel vill.), Peyova buka hut (Pasarel vill.) , Belasitsa Mt. (Rila Mt. (Camponotus herculeanus var. herculeanoligniperda)], Kostenets (Pirin Mt. (Rhodopi Mts (Western Rhodopi Mts: BatakPageBreak (Eastern Rhodopi Mt.: Dyadovtsi vill. (Ardino)  ; Podbalkvo gorge ; Ihtimanski peak ; Lozensknina Mt. : German itsa Mt. ; Rila MtRila Mt. : Rila moRila Mt. , Borovetostenets ; Pirin Mirin Mt. : Bansko-irin Mt. ; Rhodopidopi Mts ; Westerns: Batak , Dospat,s: Batak ; Eastern(Ardino) ; Northersinograd .Camponotus atricolor  Camponotus merula  Camponotus foveolatus  Camponotus lateralisrectus Forel, 1892  var. Bulgaria ; Western Predbalkan: Rachene river valley [Camponotus merula)], Belogradchik ]; Sofia Basin: Sofia : Knyazhevo [Camponotus lateralis var. foveolatus)]; Plana Mt.: Alino vill., Bukov dol loc. (Pasarel vill.) ]; Bakadzhik-Burgas district: Aytos [Camponotus lateralis var. foveolatus)]; Strandzha Mt. ]; Belasitsa Mt. ]; Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: Petrich plain (Eastern Rhodopi Mts: Zvezdel vill. (Momchilgrad), Malki Voden vill. (Madzharovo), Padalo vill. (Krumovgrad) ], Sozopol .: Bulgarigradchik ; Easternl vill.) ; Lozenskel vill. ; Thraciadzha Mt. : Malko Tdzha Mt. ; Dupnitsitsa Mt. ; Rila Mtch plain ; Easternmovgrad) ; SoutherCamponotus atricolor has been considered as a junior synonym of Camponotus piceus. Camponotus atricolor as separate species, while Camponotus piceus. For most of the last two decades Forel, 1889Camponotus spagnolinii  Emery, 1920Bulgaria  [Camponotus spagnolinii)]; Strandzha Mt. ], Asenovgrad ; Southern Bulgaria  ; NortherBulgaria .Lozenska Planina Mt. Bulgaria ]; Eastern Rhodopi Mts: Madzharovo Bulgaria   (Zemen Gorge: Zemen (Sofia Basin: Sofia (Lyulin Mt. (Vitosha Mt. (Plana Mt.: Bukov dol loc. (Pasarel vill.), Pasarel vill.PageBreak   ; Westernya vill. , Ledenikya vill. ; CentralTeteven) ; Zemen Ge: Zemen ; Sofia Bn: Sofia , 2008, tn: Sofia ; Lyulin ulin Mt. ; Vitoshaosha Mt. , 1952; Pel vill. ; Podbalke valley ; Ihtimanski peak ; Lozensknina Mt. ; Thracia Krichim ; Strandzpia peak , Malko Tpia peak ; Osogovsstendil) ; Belasititsa Mt. ; Krupnikay vill. ; Slaviananka Mt. ; Westernt, Batak ; Easterndzharovo ; Northerd palace ; Southerie vill. .GenusLinnaeus, 1758Yarrow, 1955Western Predbalkan: Belogradchik .Mayr, 1853Formica balcanina  Petrov and Collingwood, 1993Formica fuscocinereanec Forel, 1874 : Bulgaria  (Sofia Basin: Sofia ; Plana Mt.: Plana vill., Pasarel vill., Turmachka neighbourhood (Plana vill.), Dolni Okol vill., Astronomical observatory (between Plana vill. and Dolni Okol vill.), Rechyov kamak peak (Plana vill.) ]; Rila Mt.: Rila monastery , Senoklas vill. (Madzharovo), Dyadovtsi vill. (Ardino) [Formica balcanina)]; Northern Black Sea coast: Zlatni pyasatsi  ; Sofia Ba vill.) ; Podbalke valley ; Lozensknina Mt. , north onina Mt. ; Thraciazardzhik ; Krupnikonastery ; Pirin Mvo vill. ; Westernvo vill. , Chervenvo vill. , Dospat,., Batak ; Easternpyasatsi .Forel, 1886Formica lusatica  Seifert, 1997Bulgaria [Formica lusatica)]; Plana Mt.: Plana vill., near Peyova buka hut (Pasarel vill.) (Northern Black Sea coast: Obzor vill. (Southern Black Sea coast: Nesebar (: Bulgaril vill.) ; Northeror vill. ; Souther Nesebar .This species was not recorded for Bulgaria by Latreille, 1798Formica fusca var. fuscorufibarbis  Forel, 1874Bulgaria  , Astronomical observatory (between Plana vill. and Dolni Okol vill.), Alino vill. (Lozenska Planina Mt.: north of Pasarel vill. (Bakadzhik-Burgas district: Aytos [Formica fusca gagates var. fusco-rufibarbis)]; Strandzha Mt. (Eastern Rhodopi Mts: Dedets vill. (Zlatograd), Madzharovo, Zhelezino vill. (Ivaylovgrad), Meden buk vill. (Ivaylovgrad) (Southern Black Sea coast: Burgas [Formica fusca gagates var. fusco-rufibarbis)].: BulgariBulgaria ; Westernr valley ; Westernragoman) ; Sofia Bn: Sofia , 2008, sn: Sofia , near Vln: Sofia ; Plana Mno vill. ; Lozenskel vill. ; Bakadzhdzha Mt. ; Easternlovgrad) ; SoutherNylander, 1846Bulgaria ]; Central Predbalkan: Dermantsi vill. (Lukovit) (Stara Planina Mts , Tsarichina reserve (under Vezhen peak), Dermenka hut ]; Vitosha Mt. ; Sredna Gora Mts , 1979, Coptoformica exsecta)], Ibar reserve (Pirin Mt. , Sofia and surroundings  , Madzharovo, Kokiche vill. , Meden buk vill. (Ivaylovgrad)  ; Westernragoman) ; Zemen G station ; Sofia Boundings ; Plana Ml vill.) ; Lozensknina Mt. : German nina Mt. ]; Belasiitsa Mt. ; Rila MtRila Mt. ; Westernenovgrad , Syutka enovgrad ; Easternlovgrad) ; Souther Pomorie .Ruzsky, 1895Bulgaria ]; Western Rhodopi Mts: Asenovgrad , Tsarichina reserve (under Vezhen peak), Dermenka hut    , Vezhen  Balkan) ; Easternna vill. ; Viskyarrila Mt. ; Vitoshaosha Mt. : Cherni osha Mt. , Marchevosha Mt. ; Plana Mlana Mt. : Astronolana Mt. ; Sredna Gora Mts :KoprivshGora Mts ; Sakar Makar Mt. ; Osogovosa group ; Belasitanka Mt. : Alibotuanka Mt. ; Krupnikandanski ; Rila MtRila Mt. : under IRila Mt. , ParangaRila Mt. , 1973, SRila Mt. , Rila moRila Mt. , Ibar reRila Mt. ; Pirin Mirin Mt. : Bansko irin Mt. , Kremensirin Mt. , Bayuvi irin Mt. ; Rhodopidopi Mts ; Westernlingrad) , Hvoyna lingrad) , Yundolalingrad) , Mantarilingrad) , Snezhanlingrad) , loc. Telingrad) , Eshekullingrad) ; Easternopi Mts: ; Norther Balchik .Lower Risk/near threatened (IUCN).Nylander, 1846Central Stara Planina Mts: along Kostinya river; Eastern Stara Planina Mts: above Obzor vill.; Rila Mt.: above Dolna Bania vill., along Bistritsa river; Western Rhodopi Mts: Hvoyna vill. [Formica (Raptiformica) transcaucasica)].: CentralFormica picea Nylander lies outside of the remit of the current work; for details see A discussion of the quite complicate taxonomic history of the name F\u00f6rster, 1850Bulgaria .Retzius, 1783Formica nigricans  Bondroit, 1912Formica cordieri  Bondroit, 1917Bulgaria , Shumen ]; Central Predbalkan: Lovech (Stara Planina Mts ; Central Stara Planina Mts: Boatin reserve (under Tetevenska baba peak) (Eastern Stara Planina Mts ; Viskyar Mt. [Formica nigricans)]; Zemen Gorge: Zemen marsh (Sofia Basin: Sofia (Lyulin Mt. (Formica nigricans)]; Vitosha Mt. [(Formica nigricans)]: Bistritsa vill. (Plana Mt. [Formica nigricans)], Tsiganka peak (Pasarel vill.), Bukov dol loc. (Pasarel vill.), Plana vill., Pasarel vill., Manastirishte peak (Plana vill.), Astronomical observatory (between Plana vill. and Dolni Okol vill.), Mechitski kamak peak (Plana vill.) , Surnena Sredna Gora Mts: Stara Zagora (Lozenska Planina Mt. ; Strandzha Mt. : Ibar reserve (Pirin Mt. : Batak, Peshtera, Shiroka laka vill. [Formica nigricans)], Chepelare, Golyam Beglik dam (Eastern Rhodopi Mts ; Sofia Basin: Sofia (Vitosha Mt. [Serviformica rufibarbis)]; Plana Mt. (Lozenska Planina Mt. ; Strandzha Mt.: Balgari vill. ], Dobrostan ], Burgas , Western Danubian Plain: Vidin ]; Western Stara Planina Mts (Eastern Stara Planina Mts (Verila Mt. [Raptiformica sanguinea)]; Viskyar Mt., Lyulin Mt. [Raptiformica sanguinea)]; Sofia Basin: Sofia and surroundings of Sofia, near Vladaya village (Vitosha Mt. : Plana vill., Bukov dol loc. (Pasarel vill.), Tsiganka peak (Pasarel vill.), Astronomical observatory (between Plana vill. and Dolni Okol vill.), Pasarel vill. (Strandzha Mt. (Osogovska Planina Mt.: Hisarlaka (Kyustendil) (Rila-Pirin group (Rila Mt. [Raptiformica sanguinea)]: Elenin peak (Rhodopi Mts [Raptiformica sanguinea)]; Western Rhodopi Mts: Buynovo vill.   ; Rila-Piin group ; Rila Mtnin peak , Rila monin peak , Paranganin peak ; Rhodopivo vill. , Smolyanvo vill. , Dospat,vo vill. ; Easternzharovo) .Fabricius, 1804Bulgaria   ; Krupnikandanski ; Sturgacgach Mt. ; Westerneshnitsa ; Norther Kranevo .GenusRuzsky, 1902K. Arnoldi, 1968Boboshevo-Simitli Valley: Bistritsa vill. (Blagoevgrad) (: Bobosheoevgrad) .Emery, 1909Boboshevo-Simitli Valle: Kocherinovo Eastern Stara Planina Mts: Sliven [Formica nasuta)]; Thracian Lowland: Krichim [Formica nasuta)]; Western Rhodopi Mts: Radilovo vill. (Peshtera) [Formica nasuta)].: EasternProformica nasuta in fact are Proformica striaticeps (see below). At the same time, they stressed that material, based on which Western Stara Planina Mts: Chepan (Dragoman) (Eastern Stara Planina Mts: Sliven [Formica (Proformica) nasuta)]; Thracian Lowland: Pazardzhik [Formica (Proformica) nasuta)];PageBreak Bakadzhik-Burgas district: Aytos [Formica (Proformica) nasuta)]; Belasitsa Mt. [Formica (Proformica) nasuta)]; Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: Kresna gorge, Kozhuh Mt. (Dupnitsa Basin: Dupnitsa [Formica (Proformica) nasuta)]; Rila Mt. ; Eastern Danubian Plain: Dunav river valley (lower reaches)  (Eastern Stara Planina Mts: Sliven [Myrmecocystus cursor)]; Ihtimanska Sredna Gora Mts: Benkovski peak [Myrmecocystus cursor)]; Bakadzhik-Burgas district: Aytos [Myrmecocystus cursor)]; Strandzha Mt.: [Myrmecocystus cursor)]; Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: west of Petrich, along Strumeshnitsa river, Kozhuh Mt. [Myrmecocystus cursor var. aenescens)]; Western Rhodopi Mts: Peshtera [Myrmecocystus cursor)]; Black Sea coast ].: Bulgarireaches) ; Centralreaches) ; Easternea coast ; SoutherCataglyphis cursor (as Myrmecocystus cursor) from Bulgaria; the species distribution in Mediterranean region runs from Iberian peninsula to Greece (Cataglyphis cursor (which can hardly be distinguished from Cataglyphis aenescens) is rather improbable, and old records of this species should be considered as belonging to Cataglyphis aenescens.o Greece . We suggEmery, 1925Thracian Lowland: Pazardzhik Cataglyphis livida bulgarica  Atanassov, 1982 .Eastern Rhodopi Mts: Odrintsi vill. (Ivaylovgrad) (: Easternlovgrad) , Mandritlovgrad) .Myrmecocystus viaticusmegalocola Foerst.: Forel 1892  Fab. var. Bulgaria , Balgarski izvor vill. (Teteven), Lukovit [Myrmecocystus viaticus)]; Central Stara Planina Mts: Shipka pass ], along Belenska river [Myrmecocystus viaticus)]; Zemen Gorge: Skakavitsa station (Kyustendil) [Myrmecocystus viaticus)]; Sofia Basin: surroundings of Sofia ], Svilengrad,Ognyanovo (Myrmecocystus viaticus)]; Bakadzhik-Burgas district: Aytos [Myrmecocystus viaticus Fab. var. megalocola)]; Strandzha Mt. (Myrmecocystus viaticus)]; Osogovska Planina Mt.: Osogovo hut (Kyustendil) [Myrmecocystus viaticus)]; Ograzhden Mt. [Myrmecocystus viaticus)]; Boboshevo-Simitli Valley: Kocherinovo [Myrmecocystus viaticus Fab. var. megalocola)]; Krupnik-Sandanski-Petrich Valley: west of Petrich, along Strumeshnitsa river, around Marikostino vill., Marino pole vill. [Myrmecocystus viaticus)]; Pirin Mt.: Vihren (Slavianka Mt. [Myrmecocystus viaticus)]; Western Rhodopi Mts: Asenovgrad [Myrmecocystus viaticus Fab. var. megalocola)], Peshtera [Myrmecocystus viaticus Fab. and Myrmecocystus viaticus Fab. var. megalocola)]; Eastern Rhodopi Mts: Momchilgrad, Madzharovo, between Dabovets vill. and Kamilski dol vill. (Ivaylovgrad) ].: BulgariBulgaria ; Centralpka pass ; Easternof Sofia ; Podbalke valley ; Ihtimanski peak ; Lozensknina Mts : north onina Mts ; Thraciagnyanovo , Plovdivdzha Mt. : Papia p: Vihren ; Slavianlovgrad) ; Northerd palace ; SoutherMyrmecocystus viaticus var. megalocola (Cataglyphis viaticusPageBreak (Cataglyphis nodus. The first name is now considered as a junior synonym of Cataglyphis bicolor (F\u00f6rster) \u2013 the species is distributed mostly in North Africa and probably in the Middle East. Cataglyphis viaticus is definitely known from Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. At the same time, in Balkans, lives single species from the bicolor species-group: Cataglyphis nodus. As the taxonomy of this genus was studied insufficiently previously to the last two decades, all old records of Cataglyphis bicolor and Cataglyphis viaticus for Bulgaria most probably belong to Cataglyphis nodus.galocola , and Catviaticus  to CatagGenusLatreille, 1804Bulgaria    ; Sofia Bn: Sofia , the surn: Sofia ; Podbalke valley ; Ihtimanski peak ; StrandzTarnovo) ; Ograzhdhden Mt. ; Krupnikle vill. ; Rila Mtonastery .The current Catalogue was compiled based on the investigation of the available material, including that collected by the authors personally, and on the critical reconsideration of the existing publications concerning Bulgarian ants (more than 100 sources). As a result, we include here 163 ant species, belonging to 40 genera of 6 subfamilies:Amblyoponinae \u2013 1 genus, 2 speciesSubfamily Ponerinae \u2013 3 genera, 5 speciesSubfamily Proceratiinae \u2013 1 genus, 2 speciesSubfamily Myrmicinae \u2013 21 genera, 77 speciesSubfamily Dolichoderinae \u2013 5 genera, 9 speciesSubfamily Formicinae \u2013 9 genera, 68 speciesSubfamily Messor, Tetramorium, Temnothorax, Camponotus, etc.) the number of species might increase.Nevertheless, several records seem doubtful and need confirmation. On the other hand, we assume that after revision of a couple of genera .In the monograph of Temnothorax madeirense (as Tapinoma ambiguum), Crematogaster scutellaris, Lasius distinguendus and Lepisiota splendens (as Acantholepis splendens). The last two are included into the determination keys as well.Chalepoxenus, Myrmoxenus and Harpagoxenus in Bulgaria was suggested by The presence of genera On the other hand, 25 species were additionally recorded to Bulgaria from 1992 till 2009 (2010 part); these are:Ponera testacea (testacea Pyramica baudueri (baudueri Myrmica constricta (nstricta Myrmica lonae (ca lonae Myrmica vandeli ( vandeli Messor capitatus (apitatus Crematogaster auberti (Lapeva-Gjonova in press (b))Harpagoxenus sublaevis Temnothorax cf. korbi Temnothorax saxonicus  and Rhodopi Mountains (95 species) are also well studied areas with high species richness.At the same time, Golo Bardo (1 species), Verila (5), Viskyar (5), Sushtinska (5) and Surnena (2) Sredna Gora mountains, Sturgach (1), Konyavska mountain (1), Sakar (3), Tundzha valley (2), Mesta valley (5) and Boboshevo-Simitli valley (7) are poorly studied and only a few ant species are recorded. There are almost no data for Central Danubian Plain, Ruy, Maleshevska, Zemenska and Vlahina mountains.PageBreak arises from investigations in the following areas  and accordingly the greatest number of species have been reported there \u2013 84. The worst studied area is the Kraishte-Konyavo subregion from the Transitional region, where only 19 ant species from just 8 localities are known, and 7 of these localities are in Zemen gorge.Despite the fact that the Transitional region is a larger and more diverse topographically, as well as climatically than the Rilo-Rhodopi region, only 115 species are reported from there. Most probably, this is the result of lower level of the myrmecological investigation carried out there. Only Sofia Basin (62 species), Vitosha (48), Plana (50), Lozenska (40) and Strandzha (40) mountains are sufficiently studied. Almost all information on myrmecofauna of Vitosha subregionThe number of ant species recorded from the Stara Planina Range system is similar to that of Transitional region. The total number found in both subregions  is 88 species, 76 of which are given for Stara Planina Mountains only.The territory of the Black Sea coast region is the smallest among all natural regions of Bulgaria and it is sufficiently studied: 75 ant species from ca. 27 localities are recorded.Contrary to this, only 21 species are recorded from the Danubian Plain, which has an area of 31 523 square kilometers.In general, we may consider that the ant fauna of Bulgaria is quite rich, which is confirmed by its comparison with adjacent regions.Thus, 103 ant species from 34 genera are recorded for Romania , althougFinally, we may conclude: the Bulgarian ant fauna is rich and adequately studied as a whole, while several regions of the country require additional investigations. Such poorly myrmecologically elaborated areas are the Danubian Plain, Thracian Lowland, Kraishte-Konyavo and Tundzha-Strandzha subregions; moreover, ants of the Central Danubian Plain, Ruy, Maleshevska, Zemenska and Vlahina mountains have not been studied at all.In general, Bulgarian ant fauna is richer than that of Romania, similar by the species number to those of many former Yugoslavian countries, but essentially poorer than faunas of Greece and Turkey. This fact is not surprising, regarding the geographical location and landscapes of Bulgaria. Furthermore, the core of Bulgarian myrmecofauna is composed by South European elements, but not Mediterranean species, and it is more closely related to the faunas of northern territories than to Greek fauna.Anergates atratulus, Chalepoxenus muellerianus, Myrmoxenus ravouxi, Myrmoxenus gordiagini and Strongylognathus kratochvili) are placed to the category Vulnerable D2: \u201cPopulation is characterized by an acute restriction in its area of occupancy  or in the number of locations\u201d. Formicoxenus nitidulus and Harpagoxenus sublaevis are also Vulnerable, but in A2c category: \u201cA reduction of at least 20%, projected or suspected to be met within the next ten years or three generations, whichever is the longer, based on a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat\u201d. The status of another five species  is Lower Risk/near threatened: \u201cTaxa which do not qualify for Conservation Dependent, but which are close to qualifying for Vulnerable\u201d. Formica rufa is included in the Annex 2 and 3 of the Temnothorax recedens is cited in the category Lower Risk/least concern: \u201cTaxa which do not qualify for Conservation Dependent or Near Threatened\u201d.Totally, 13 ant species found in Bulgaria, are included in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Five of them (The IUCN\u2019s classifications, based on the sizes of geographic ranges or the patterns of habitat occupancy, is complicated by problems of spatial scale. All of the above mentioned species need their conservation status at national level up-dated. We do not have enough data yet about the distributions and populations of these species in Bulgaria or on how their status in Bulgaria relates to their global population. Further investigations and accurate mapping would supply data that would clarify the situation."}
{"text": "Experimental and theoretical studies of nanofluid thermal conductivity enhancement: a review. Nanoscale Research Letters 2011, 6:229.Correction to Kleinstreuer C, Feng Y:"}
{"text": "The correct version of the title is: Risky Food Safety Behaviors Are Associated with Higher BMI and Lower Healthy Eating Self-Efficacy and Intentions among African American Churchgoers in BaltimoreThe correct citation is: Anderson Steeves E, Silbergeld E, Summers A, Chen L, Gittelsohn J (2012) Risky Food Safety Behaviors Are Associated with Higher BMI and Lower Healthy Eating Self-Efficacy and Intentions among African American Churchgoers in Baltimore. PLoS ONE 7(12): e52122. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0052122"}
{"text": "Szepligetella levipetiolata, Szepligetella deercreeki Deans and Mik\u00f3 sp. nov., Szepligetella irwini Deans and Mik\u00f3 sp. nov., and the nearly cosmopolitan Evania appendigaster. A fifth species, Szepligetella sericea, including Szepligetella impressa, syn. nov., has not yet been collected in New Caledonia but can be found on islands throughout the Pacific and so is included in the diagnostic key. Taxonomic descriptions are unparalleled sources of knowledge of life's phenotypic diversity. As natural language prose, these data sets are largely refractory to computation and integration with other sources of phenotypic data. By formalizing taxonomic descriptions using ontology-based semantic representation, we aim to increase the reusability and computability of taxonomists' primary data. Here, we present a revision of the ensign wasp (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) fauna of New Caledonia using this new model for species description. Descriptive matrices, specimen data, and taxonomic nomenclature are gathered in a unified Web-based application, mx, then exported as both traditional taxonomic treatments and semantic statements using the OWL Web Ontology Language. Character:character-state combinations are then annotated following the entity\u2013quality phenotype model, originally developed to represent mutant model organism phenotype data; concepts of anatomy are drawn from the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology and linked to phenotype descriptors from the Phenotypic Quality Ontology. The resulting set of semantic statements is provided in Resource Description Framework format. Applying the model to real data, that is, specimens, taxonomic names, diagnoses, descriptions, and redescriptions, provides us with a foundation to discuss limitations and potential benefits such as automated data integration and reasoner-driven queries. Four species of ensign wasp are now known to occur in New Caledonia:  These phenotypic descriptions are difficult to data-mine . By working with real data early in the development of methodologies employing SPs, we identify and address some of the limitations of this approach. We conclude with a discussion as to both the real and perceived future problems of SPs as used here and highlight potential explorations that may advance the approach in subsequent work.Ensign wasps are charismatic hymenopterans that develop as solitary predators of cockroach (Blattodea) eggs inside oothecae . Despitehttp://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/ last accessed May 13, 2013), was deposited as an Resource Description Framework (RDF)-XML file  in the Dryad repository .Our SPs follow the entity\u2013quality (EQ) approach, meaning we draw \u201centity\u201d terms from an organism-specific anatomy ontology, and phenotypic quality terms from a taxon-agnostic ontology of qualitative descriptors. EQ is a guiding principle for formulating ontological class expressions (SPs), which represent the class of organisms that a given character state denotes. The phenotype class expressions we created follow the approach advocated by http://morphbank.net last accessed May 13, 2013), as image collection 783132. Verbatim specimen label data and museum coden information are provided in online Appendix 2. Taxonomic nomenclature, specimen data, supporting images, and character matrix-based descriptive statements were compiled in the open-source web application mx  through interactive forms and integrated batch-uploading. NL treatments that include nomenclatural, descriptive, and material-related sections were rendered from these data using automated mechanisms included in mx. NL character descriptions were formulated with ontology annotation in mind, and in some cases revised to facilitate annotation.Diagnostic characters were discovered during direct examination of specimens under an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope and by comparing standard view images of specimens. Digital images were made using an Olympus CX41 compound microscope, equipped with a DP71 digital camera. SEM micrographs were taken by Philips XL30 ESEM-FEG (ISU) and FEI Nova 400 NanoSEM (FSU) on Au\u2013Pd-coated specimens. Original images are deposited at Morphbank . These data, along with ontologies listed in http://protege.stanford.edu/ last accessed May 13, 2013). Navigation of the descriptive matrix elements in Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 was aided by a custom-built plugin, available from the Github source code repository . SP annotations were added to character states within Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 as OWL class expressions using the built-in Manchester syntax (http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-manchester-syntax/) last accessed May 13, 2013 editor. These phenotype annotation axioms were created in a separate OWL file which imported the character matrix OWL file exported from mx; this allowed edits to character data within mx to be integrated with in-progress phenotype annotation work in Prot\u00e9g\u00e9, by re-exporting and replacing the character matrix file  and the FaCT++ Description Logic reasoner, version 1.5.3 . We performed the same queries over a comparison data set covering another ensign wasp genus, generated in parallel to this one . For example, the \u201csome\u201d keyword in the following expressions signifies an existentially quantified property restriction. For a basic phenotype such as \u201cwing shape: curved,\u201d inheres_in some wing\u201d , and those described from the perspective of the entity, for example, \u201cwing and bearer_of some curved.\u201d We adopted the entity-based form, which can be more conveniently associated with a specimen exhibiting the phenotype, through a has_part relationship:The SP expressions we created build on the OWL representation for EQ explicated by It is not necessary to explicitly include \u201cshape\u201d in the expression; the knowledge that \u201ccurved\u201d is a subtype of \u201cshape\u201d is built into the PATO ontology.primary locator, whereas the containing structure is a secondary locator . We used a nested series of has_part restrictions, mapping neatly to Sereno's secondary locator(s), L:In many cases, the structure that bears the quality being described is an instance of a \u201cgeneral\u201d class, which must be further specified. For example, this may be a class of repeated anatomical structure, such as \u201cbristle,\u201d or a class denoting an abstract spatial region; both of these require localization to a specific, containing, anatomical structure, such as \u201cmesosoma.\u201d In the terminology of Context-dependent anatomical entities such as the above are often described as standalone expressions using a \u201cpost-composition\u201d approach in other EQ annotation software, such as Phenex . The enthas_part chain, which provides two advantages over the part_of construction: (i) the entity class is more proximately associated with the quality it bears within the Manchester syntax expression, helping the human annotator verify correctness of the expression and (ii) an automated reasoner can infer that the \u201clocator\u201d structure is part of the same organism as the entity structure, a fact that is not implied by the semantics of the part_of -based class expression.However, we found that postcompositions in our annotations were nearly always used to express parthood relationships; these structures could instead be represented using the aforementioned Building upon the basic EQ construct just described, we identified four template EQ expressions which could be used to express the meaning of the various character forms in the matrix:Relative measurement phenotypes highlighted an important limitation of OWL class expressions: without the ability to include variables within the expression, it was impossible to fully represent the intended meaning . Namely,http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL/ last accessed May 13, 2013). For the example phenotype above, the corresponding rule would state that if there is an organism which has as parts an antenna and an eye, and the antenna is increased_in_magnitude_relative_to the eye, then that organism is inferred to be a member of the class defining the phenotype. Within our data set, these rules are not actually exercised; they are included only as a clarification of relative measurement semantics within the limitations of the OWL 2 language.Unsatisfyingly, to be an instance of this class, an antenna needs to merely be longer than at least one eye in the world, not necessarily an eye possessed by the same organism. Although the semantics of the above phenotype description are not complete with respect to the meaning of the character, they still provide useful information about character data and specimens by making it clear that the given character describes aspects of antenna and eye size. Indeed, for not only relative measurement phenotypes but in fact all phenotype descriptions we created, the OWL class representing a phenotype for a given character state is defined not as equivalent to the EQ description but rather as a subclass\u2014the provided semantics are necessary aspects of the phenotype but not a wholly sufficient description. To make the intended semantics of relative measurement phenotypes more explicit to consumers of the semantic description, we added a rule for each such character state using Semantic Web Rule Language  significantly departed from the basic templates, usually by incorporating more complicated intersection or union expressions. All SP expressions along with the original natural-language characters can be found in online Appendix 1.A phenotype annotation consists of an OWL class, P, the ontological description of that class using an EQ expression, and the linkage of the phenotype class to a particular character state, CS, by means of a class assertion:denotes only P)CS Type (denotes property is defined within the Information Artifact Ontology (IAO) to signify a reference by an informational entity to a \u201cportion of reality.\u201dThe denotes to connect both the character states and the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) within a character matrix to the actual organisms (specimens) being described. So, since in our data model an OTU denotes a particular set of specimens under investigation, it follows that a character state denotes any specimen whose OTU has that state as a matrix value. We encoded this assertion by defining an OWL property chain (a property chain describes a path of links in the RDF graph which imply a new direct link between the nodes at either end of the path) (denotes only P), we can infer that any specimens denoted by OTUs possessing a given character state  are members of that phenotype class. This logical framework allows us to propagate phenotypes to specimens while directly asserting semantic annotations only for character states (We made use of he path) . By connr states .Evaniscus (Szepligetella data set (this study) referenced a markedly broader range of quality descriptors than the Evaniscus data set: 41 concepts across 43 characters versus 30 concepts across 56 characters.As preliminary examples for how ontology-based annotation facilitates cross-data set computation, we performed queries, programmed using the OWL API, over both this data set and a comparison data set for a relatively distantly related genus, vaniscus . Becausevaniscus . AlthougEvaniscus data set characters describing color variation are much more prevalent than in this study .We also used the ontologies to assess the distribution of study characters across selected anatomical and qualitative partitions . By meanEvania appendigaster (Linnaeus 1758).\u2013 Antennal shelf presence: absent ; eye colAntennal shelf presence: present ; eye col\u2013 Female flagellum color pattern: monocolored; Carinae laterally on frons presence: absent ; lower fFemale flagellum color pattern: banded  and 6f; >2\u00d7 ocellus diameter) presence: present (Szepligetella irwini Deans and Mik\u00f3 sp. nov.>2\u00d7 ocellus diameter) presence: absent  , 9c, dEvania appendigaster (Ichneumon appendigaster: Linnaeus (1758)  [sex unknown], deposited at LSUK, labels: \u201chabitat in America.\u201d Taxonomic history documented by Body length.\u20147.0\u20137.8 mm.Head.\u2014Median clypeal projection sharpness: blunt. Lower face texture: foveae absent. Median carina of lower face presence: absent. Malar space length: longer than 0.5 of compound eye height. Carinae laterally on frons presence: absent. Antennal rim shape: not raised laterally. Antennal shelf presence: present. Eye color: blue. Long setae (length >2\u00d7 ocellus diameter) presence: absent. Mandibular teeth count: 3. Female scape length: greater than eye height. Female flagellum color pattern: monocolored. Female flagellum ventral sensillar patch spatial arrangement: F5\u2013F11.Mesosoma.\u2014Shape of median area of pronotum: not recurved. Sulcus delimiting pronotal lobe presence: present. Pronotal lobe carina presence: absent. Anteromedian carina of the prosternum presence: absent. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus continuity: discontinuous. Notaulus shape: sigmoid. Notaulus lateral margins alignment: parallel. Median mesoscutal area shape: not prominent relative to lateral mesoscutal area. Scutoscutellar suture structure: not foveate. Ventro-lateral region of mesosoma texture: foveate. Anterolateral mesopectal projection 2d shape: scalene triangular. Speculum presence: absent. Epicnemium sculpture: smooth. Epicnemial carina shape: convex medially. Ventral margin of mesopectus length: shorter than ventral margin of metapectus length. Metapleural sulcus position: horizontal. Posterior margin of the propodeum ventrally of the propodeal foramen lateral view shape: convex. Gastral scrobe conspicuousness: inconspicuous. Lateral carina of gastral scrobe presence: absent. Submedian propodeal projection presence: absent. Nucha presence: absent. Female metatibial spines presence: absent. 1M length versus 1CUb length: 1M is distinctly longer than 1CUb. Distal part of 4RS shape: straight or arched proximally. Costal cell coloration: brown in the distal one-tenth.Metasoma.\u2014Petiole texture: smooth. Petiole pilosity: dense. Lateroventral carina of the petiole presence: present. Setiferous patch on dorsal region of abdominal terga 4\u20137 in female presence: present.Syntype male: {no locality label} LINN 2719 (LSUK). Syntype female: {no locality label} LINN 2720 (LSUK). Other material: FRANCE: New Caledonia: one female. NCSU 49532 (PSUC). USA: TX: Brazos Co.: one female. NCSU 23566 (PSUC).E. appendigaster used in the majority of literature, whereas the female specimen (LINN 2720) is easily diagnosed, based on surface sculpture, mesosoma shape, appendage color, and wing venation, as Prosevania fuscipes (Illiger 1807). We wait to designate a lectotype, however, until these specimens can be observed directly.The two putative syntype specimens deposited at LSUK are not conspecific. The male specimen (LINN 2719) is morphologically consistent with concept of Deans and Mik\u00f3 sp. nov. , 7e, fSzepligetella deercreeki Diagnosis.\u2014Differs from all known Szepligetella species in the combination of the following character states: notaulus lateral margins alignment: diverging; median mesoscutal area shape: prominent relative to lateral mesoscutal area; setiferous patch on dorsal region of abdominal terga 4\u20137 in female presence: absent.Body length.\u20145.3\u20136.6 mm.Head.\u2014Median clypeal projection sharpness: pointed. Lower face texture: foveate. Median carina of lower face presence: absent. Malar space length: shorter than 0.5 of compound eye height. Carinae laterally on frons presence: present. Antennal rim shape: raised laterally. Antennal shelf presence: absent. Eye color: gray-silver. Long setae (length >2\u00d7 ocellus diameter) presence: absent. Mandibular teeth count: 4. Female scape length: equal to eye height. Female flagellum color pattern: monocolored. Female flagellum ventral sensillar patch spatial arrangement: F4\u2013F11.Mesosoma.\u2014Shape of median area of pronotum: recurved. Sulcus delimiting pronotal lobe presence: absent. Pronotal lobe carina presence: present. Anteromedian carina of the prosternum presence: present. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus continuity: continuous. Notaulus shape: sigmoid. Notaulus lateral margins alignment: diverging. Median mesoscutal area shape: prominent relative to lateral mesoscutal area. Scutoscutellar suture structure: foveate. Ventro-lateral region of mesosoma texture: areolate. Anterolateral mesopectal projection 2d shape: isosceles triangular. Speculum presence: present. Epicnemium sculpture: wrinkled. Epicnemial carina shape: concave medially. Ventral margin of mesopectus length: longer than ventral margin of metapectus length. Metapleural sulcus position: vertical. Posterior margin of the propodeum ventrally of the propodeal foramen lateral view shape: straight. Gastral scrobe conspicuousness: conspicuous. Lateral carina of gastral scrobe presence: absent. Submedian propodeal projection presence: absent. Nucha presence: present. Female metatibial spines presence: present. 1M length versus 1CUb length: 1M is distinctly longer than 1CUb. Distal part of 4RS shape: straight or arched proximally. Costal cell coloration: brown in the distal one-tenth; brown in the distal one-half\u2013two-third.Metasoma.\u2014Petiole texture: smooth. Petiole pilosity: sparse. Lateroventral carina of the petiole presence: absent. Setiferous patch on dorsal region of abdominal terga 4\u20137 in female presence: absent.Holotype: : FRANCE: New Caledonia: NCSU 43287 (CNC). Paratypes : FRANCE: New Caledonia: NCSU 41660 (CNC), NCSU 49529\u201349531 (BMNH).This species is named after Deer Creek High School in Edmond, Oklahoma, USA, for recently contributing to our understanding and appreciation of insects through poetry through the 2011 Hexapod Haiku Challenge, hosted by the NCSU Insect Museum.Deans and Mik\u00f3 sp. nov. , 4e, 6fSzepligetella irwini Diagnosis.\u2014Szepligetella irwini and S. levipetiolata differ from all known Szepligetella species in the following character states: submedian propodeal projection presence: present. Female flagellum color pattern: banded; Carinae laterally on frons presence: present.Szepligetella irwini differs from S. levipetiolata in the following character states: long setae (length >2\u00d7 ocellus diameter) presence: present; female metatibial spines presence: absent.Body length.\u20146.5\u20136.8 mm.Head.\u2014Median clypeal projection sharpness: pointed. Lower face texture: foveae absent. Median carina of lower face presence: present. Malar space length: shorter than 0.5 of compound eye height. Carinae laterally on frons presence: present. Antennal rim shape: raised laterally. Antennal shelf presence: absent. Eye color: gray-silver. Long setae (length >2\u00d7 ocellus diameter) presence: present. Mandibular teeth count: 4. Female scape length: greater than eye height. Female flagellum color pattern: banded. Female flagellum ventral sensillar patch spatial arrangement: F6\u2013F11.Mesosoma.\u2014Shape of median area of pronotum: recurved. Sulcus delimiting pronotal lobe presence: absent. Pronotal lobe carina presence: present. Anteromedian carina of the prosternum presence: present. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus continuity: continuous. Notaulus shape: sigmoid. Notaulus lateral margins alignment: parallel. Median mesoscutal area shape: not prominent relative to lateral mesoscutal area. Scutoscutellar suture structure: foveate. Ventro-lateral region of mesosoma texture: areolate. Anterolateral mesopectal projection 2d shape: isosceles triangular. Speculum presence: present. Epicnemium sculpture: wrinkled. Epicnemial carina shape: concave medially. Ventral margin of mesopectus length: longer than ventral margin of metapectus length. Metapleural sulcus position: vertical. Posterior margin of the propodeum ventrally of the propodeal foramen lateral view shape: convex. Gastral scrobe conspicuousness: inconspicuous. Lateral carina of gastral scrobe presence: absent. Submedian propodeal projection presence: present. Nucha presence: present. Female metatibial spines presence: absent. 1M length versus 1CUb length: 1M is distinctly longer than 1CUb. Distal part of 4RS shape: straight or arched proximally. Costal cell coloration: brown in the distal one-half\u2013two-third.Metasoma.\u2014Petiole texture: smooth. Petiole pilosity: sparse. Lateroventral carina of the petiole presence: absent. Setiferous patch on dorsal region of abdominal terga 4\u20137 in female presence: absent.Holotype female: FRANCE: New Caledonia: NCSU 41664 (MNHN). Paratype female: FRANCE: New Caledonia: 44113 (INHS).The species name refers to the collector of the type specimens, M. E. Irwin. Figs. 4, 9a, bSzepligetella levipetiolata Evania levipetiolataTaxonomic history documented by Body length.\u20144.6\u20138.0 mm.Head.\u2014Median clypeal projection sharpness: pointed. Lower face texture: foveae absent. Median carina of lower face presence: present. Malar space length: shorter than 0.5 of compound eye height. Carinae laterally on frons presence: present. Antennal rim shape: raised laterally. Antennal shelf presence: absent. Eye color: gray-silver. Long setae (length >2\u00d7 ocellus diameter) presence: absent. Mandibular teeth count: 4. Female scape length: greater than eye height. Female flagellum color pattern: banded. Female flagellum ventral sensillar patch spatial arrangement: F6\u2013F11.Mesosoma.\u2014Shape of median area of pronotum: recurved. Sulcus delimiting pronotal lobe presence: absent. Pronotal lobe carina presence: present. Anteromedian carina of the prosternum presence: present. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus continuity: continuous. Notaulus shape: sigmoid. Notaulus lateral margins alignment: parallel. Median mesoscutal area shape: not prominent relative to lateral mesoscutal area. Scutoscutellar suture structure: foveate. Ventro-lateral region of mesosoma texture: areolate. Anterolateral mesopectal projection 2d shape: isosceles triangular. Speculum presence: present. Epicnemium sculpture: wrinkled. Epicnemial carina shape: concave medially. Ventral margin of mesopectus length: longer than ventral margin of metapectus length. Metapleural sulcus position: vertical. Posterior margin of the propodeum ventrally of the propodeal foramen lateral view shape: straight. Gastral scrobe conspicuousness: inconspicuous. Lateral carina of gastral scrobe presence: absent. Submedian propodeal projection presence: present. Nucha presence: present. Female metatibial spines presence: absent; present. 1M length versus 1CUb length: 1M is distinctly longer than 1CUb. Distal part of 4RS shape: straight or arched proximally. Costal cell coloration: brown in the distal one-half\u2013two-third.Metasoma.\u2014Petiole texture: smooth. Petiole pilosity: sparse. Lateroventral carina of the petiole presence: absent. Setiferous patch on dorsal region of abdominal terga 4\u20137 in female presence: present.Holotype male: FRANCE: New Caledonia, B.M.TYPE.HYM. 3a.287 (BMNH). Other material: FRANCE: New Caledonia: 87 males, 1 female (NCSU 41656). NCSU 51293 (CAS); NCSU 34829, 34842, 34848, 34860, 41650, 41654, 41656, 44107, 44114, 44116, 44119, 44124, 51298 (PSUC); NCSU 33643, 41652\u201341653, 41655, 41657, 41661\u201341662, 41665\u201341666, 41669, 41897\u201341898, 44100, 44103, 44108, 44110\u201344112, 44115, 44117, 44120, 44122\u201344123, 44125\u201344126, 44129, 51297, 51299 (MNHN); NCSU 34828, 34830\u201334841, 34843\u201334847, 34849\u201334859, 34861\u201334865, 41658, 41668, 44101\u201344102, 44104\u201344106, 44109, 44127, 51296 (INHS); NCSU 51294\u201351295 (CNC). Figs. 6, 8c, dSzepligetella sericea Evania sericeaEvania impressaBody length.\u20145.5\u20139.1 mm.Head.\u2014Median clypeal projection sharpness: pointed. Lower face texture: foveate. Median carina of lower face presence: present. Malar space length: shorter than 0.5 of compound eye height. Carinae laterally on frons presence: present. Antennal rim shape: raised laterally. Antennal shelf presence: absent. Eye color: gray-silver. Long setae (length >2\u00d7 ocellus diameter) presence: absent. Mandibular teeth count: 4. Female scape length: equal to eye height. Female flagellum color pattern: monocolored. Female flagellum ventral sensillar patch spatial arrangement: F4\u2013F11.Mesosoma.\u2014Shape of median area of pronotum: recurved. Sulcus delimiting pronotal lobe presence: absent. Pronotal lobe carina presence: present. Anteromedian carina of the prosternum presence: present. Mesoscutal humeral sulcus continuity: continuous. Notaulus shape: falciform. Notaulus lateral margins alignment: parallel. Median mesoscutal area shape: not prominent relative to lateral mesoscutal area. Scutoscutellar suture structure: foveate. Ventro-lateral region of mesosoma texture: areolate. Anterolateral mesopectal projection 2d shape: isosceles triangular. Speculum presence: present. Epicnemium sculpture: wrinkled. Epicnemial carina shape: concave medially. Ventral margin of mesopectus length: longer than ventral margin of metapectus length. Metapleural sulcus position: vertical. Posterior margin of the propodeum ventrally of the propodeal foramen lateral view shape: straight. Gastral scrobe conspicuousness: conspicuous. Lateral carina of gastral scrobe presence: present. Submedian propodeal projection presence: absent. Nucha presence: present. Female metatibial spines presence: present. 1M length versus 1CUb length: equal. Distal part of 4RS shape: arched distally. Costal cell coloration: brown in the distal one-tenth.Metasoma.\u2014Petiole texture: furrowed. Petiole pilosity: sparse. Lateroventral carina of the petiole presence: absent. Setiferous patch on dorsal region of abdominal terga 4\u20137 in female presence: present.Evania sericeaEvania impressa>100 species of cockroaches on New Caledonia that construct egg cases  which could serve as \u201chosts\u201d for ensign wasp larvae. Yet, we could only find two species of evaniid that are presumably native to the island and one introduced species, whose hosts are well known. The two native ensign wasp species could be (i) generalists that predate on numerous cockroach species .A critical consideration for the application of semantic technology to phenotypic descriptions is how well a logical representation can express the meaning currently conveyed by NL. For example, creating logical statements that encapsulate the full meaning of the single NL statement \u201caedeagus apical column broad, and flattened apically, ending abruptly with rounded basal angle and narrow, hooked apical lobe, column extending more than half its length beyond penis valve, bending dorsally,\u201d is a much larger challenge relative to the statement \u201cgonocoxa orange\u201d , EQ translation was generally straightforward. However, as described in the \u201cResults\u201d section, one class of characters, \u201crelative measurements,\u201d proved challenging to adequately describe using OWL. Five out of the 43 characters described here involved relative measurements. Although they constitute only a little more than 10% of the characters in this study, relative measurements are a common and important means for describing morphological changes in a size-independent manner. The OWL limitation stems from a requirement that class descriptions exhibit a tree-like structure, a factor in decidability . Althougclassify NL phenotypic descriptions, rather than fully replace them. In contrast, With representational limitations in mind, we suggest that semantic annotation should be primarily considered as a means to Indeed, the ontological classification of characters in this study and in It is clear that widespread adoption of semantic methodologies within systematics will require development of tools that facilitate, rather than complicate, systematists' work. The initial approach demonstrated here requires some familiarity with both OWL and the Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 application. Our cdao-protege plugin made navigation of characters and associated states within Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 fairly straightforward; however, the mechanics of manually creating ontology classes for phenotypes and consistently creating all the required links to character states did prove challenging to nonexpert Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 users. Even so, it is our experience that interested biologists can quickly comprehend and apply OWL class descriptions, particularly using the English-like Manchester Syntax. We have prototyped a fully integrated SP annotation interface directly within mx, building on the approach begun with the Phenex annotation application . Howeverhttp://portal.hymao.org last accessed May 13, 2013) to compare their descriptive text against the HAO and to return ontology concept URIs .Either approach, careful SP description or simple semantic tagging, requires a well-developed multispecies anatomy ontology for maximum utility. The importance of expert morphologists has never been greater in this regard . CommuniAs the ontology language for the Semantic Web, OWL not only provides an ontological reasoning framework but also a means to publish our descriptions as RDF, contributing to the emerging universe of Linked Open Data . The usehttp://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2gd84.Data files and/or other supplementary information related to this paper have been deposited at Dryad under National Science Foundation ; and the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center and benefited from discussions initiated through the Phenotype Research Coordination Network (in part). Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.This material is based on work supported by the"}
{"text": "AbstractInsecta: Coleoptera) belonging to 92 familiesfound and published in Lithuania until 2011, with comments also provided on the main systematic and nomenclatural changes since the last monographic treatment in two volumes (This paper presents the first complete and updated list of all 3597 species of beetles ( volumes , 1997. TPageBreakremain undiscovered in Lithuania. More than 85% of beetle species expected for Lithuania have been found in the following families: Cerylonidae, Geotrupidae, Haliplidae, Kateridae, Lycidae, Lucanidae, Mycetophagidae, Scarabaeidae and Silphidae. In families with few species such as Alexiidae, Boridae, Byturidae, Dascilidae, Drilidae, Eucinetidae, Lampyridae, Lymexilidae, Megalopodidae, Nemonychidae, Nosodendridae, Noteridae, Orsodacnidae, Pyrochroidae, Pythidae, Psephenidae, Rhysodidae, Sphaeritidae, Sphaeriusidae, Sphindidae, Stenotrahelidae and Trogidae, all possible species have already been discovered. However in some beetle families such as Aderidae, Bothrideridae, Eucnemidae, Laemoploeidae, Mordellidae, Ptiliidae, Scraptidae and Throscidae less than 50% of all possible species are known. At present the beetle species recorded in Lithuania belong to 92 families, with species from 9 other families such as Agyrtidae, Biphylidae, Deradontidae, Mycteridae, Ochodaeidae, Phleophilidae, Phloeostichidae, Prostomidae, Trachypachidae are expected to be found.Species recorded in Lithuania by some authors without reliable evidence and requiring further confirmation with new data are presented in a separate list, consisting of 183 species. For the first time, analysis of errors in works of Lithuanian authors concerning data on coleopteran fauna has been conducted and these errors have been corrected. All available published and Internet sources on beetles found in Lithuania have been considered in the current study. Over 630 literature sources on species composition of beetles, their distribution in Lithuania and neighbouring countries, and taxonomic revisions and changes are reviewed and cited. An alphabetical list of these literature sources is presented. After revision of public beetle collections in Lithuania, the authors propose to remove 43 species from the beetle species list of the country on the grounds, that they have been wrongly identified or published by mistake. For reasons of clarity, 19 previously noted but later excluded species are included in the current checklist with comments. Based on faunal data from neighbouring countries, species expected to occur in Lithuania are matnioned. In total 1390 species are attributed to this category and data on their distribution in neighbouring countries is presented. Completion of this study provides evidence that the Lithuanian coleopteran fauna has yet to be completely investigated and it is estimated that approximately 28 % of beetle species A bibliography and a index of subfamily and genus levels are provided. The information published in the monograph will serve to further faunistic and distribution research of beetles and will help to avoid confusion in the identificatation of coleopteran fauna of Lithuania. We dedicate the present work to Professor Simonas Pileckis, who laid the foundation of coleopterology in Lithuania and taught us to discover the wonders of the beetle\u2019s world. I also dedicate this paper to my parents, Jurgiui and Janinai Tamu\u010diams, for encouraging my childhood interests in natural history (VT).Coleoptera, or beetles, forms the most numerous group of insects throughout the animal kingdom. In ecological terms this is a very diverse group of insects occupying a wide variety of terrestrial and freshwater ecological niches. The value of these animals to terrestrial ecosystems and to humankind is enormous, and thus, knowledge of fauna is of particular importance.The Order PageBreakFaunistic research is essential in assessing biodiversity in a given area and also for understanding processes at present occurring in nature related to the increasing anthropogenic impact and climate change. Faunistic research data are important not only to fundamental sciences, but it also can be widely used in many fields of applied sciences such as agriculture, forestry, ecology, environmental protection and many others. Inventories of such data and making a checklist are the most important steps to make the data accessible and suitable for use by the general public. Moreover, faunistic studies have both scientific and cultural-social importance. The above-mentioned aspects directly show the awareness of society about own country\u2019s natural history and the necessity of its conservation.Coleoptera. Therefore, the publication of a new, updated checklist became an urgent necessity. To fill this gap we decided not only to compile the list of Lithuanian beetles, but also to summarize all available literature sources on Lithuanian beetle fauna, to create the bibliographic list, and to present reference sources for each species separately. In addition, we predicted the expected species for Lithuania based on their presence in faunas of neighboring republics and considering conditions in these countries from both geographic and ecological aspects. Analyzing beetle fauna of such large countries as Sweden, Poland and Belarus, we considered the importance of assessing the diversity of natural systems in large territories. Species predicted for Lithuania are found in regions adjacent to our country, where natural conditions are similar to those in Lithuania; therefore, there is a high likelihood of detection in Lithuania. We believe that these forecastsprovide directions to faunistic research and facilitate the search of new species. Additionaly, we decided to comment on the main changes in beetle classification as well as mention the untrustworthy notifications of some species listed in the recently published multivolume Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Web project \u201cFauna Europaea Web Service,\u201d various regional catalogues and species lists. We hope this work will encourage researchers to look deeper into species distribution over the whole territory of the Republic. Considering distribution ranges of some species and their revised identifications, we suggest to remove 43 species from the list of Lithuanian beetles. We hope the list of beetles accomplished by us and presented in this paper will be useful for regional research in applied and conservation studies of beetles. Furthermore, it is our intention to help both Lithuanian and foreign entomologists to realize a truer picture of the current beetle diversity in Lithuania and to present a species list which PageBreakis up to date as of 2010, with all doubtful entries indicated. We reference herein all new taxonomic placements and provide explanations for every nomenclatural change compared to those published in two volumes Lithuanian Fauna. The Beetles  grows naturally in this territory. This is northeastern habitat limit of the species . In southwestern and central Lithuanian Republic the dominating primeval broad-leaved forests have been almost destroyed. The major part has been planted or is \"semi-natural\". Agricultural lands, covering 53% of all country\u2019s area, have been formed after cutting down the forests and draining the larger half of the marshes , as well as 30 species of vascular plants (Lucanus cervus) was included in the this Red Data Book as a very rare and relict species. Since 1990, Environmental Protection Department of the Republic of Lithuania has been responsible for the compilation and updating of the second edition of the Lithuanian Red Data Book. Overall 102 insect species have been listed in this edition, of which 17 were beetles  .Lithuanian Red Data Book has been published  (Buprestidae)   and fourestidae)  recordedublished  and thesublished . In the ublished . It is aublished ; 84 beetrecorded . Beetlesrecorded . A signirecorded .Lietuvos Fauna. Vabalai [Lithuanian Fauna. The beetles]  and occurrence rate (within 5 degrees) of each species are given. The monograph includes information on 2895 beetle species; 133 species are noted the first time for Lithuania. It is important to note that this is the first attempt to forecast expected beetle species in Lithuania: a number of species expected for each genus is given, totalling more than 990 additional species. Some valuable faunistic information about can be found in the Catalogue of Entomological Collections of Tadas Ivanauskas Zoological Museum. Therein 75 species of beetles have been recorded for the first time in Lithuania. Some information on new beetle species found in Lithuania can also be found in the catalogues of neighbouring countries , Tenebrionoidea by Cerambycidae by Curculionoidea by Red Data Book of Lithuania (2007) are marked by the abbreviation RDB. The comments (#) are presented after the list and referenced by sequential numbers.In this check-list we use the classification of the order leoptera  with somPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreak Daniae et BaltiaeEnumeratio Coleopterorum Fennscandiae, , 2003-2010), Fauna Europaea Web Service (2001-2011)) and other works of foreign scientists  and other faunistic works), a further 1390 species of beetles are included as expected species for Lithuanian fauna SphaeriusWaltl, 1838 = Microsporus Kolenati, 1846.acaroidesWaltl, 1838 = obsidianus . Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1995; Silfverberg 2004; L\u00f6bl 2009.ADEPHAGA Crowson, 1955.GYRINIDAE Latreille, 1810.GyrininaeLatreille, 1810.Gyrinini Latreille, 1810.AulongyrusR\u00e9gimbart, 1883.concinnus]. Known in northeastern Poland .. Known in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2010a), eastern Belarus  and Denmark (Mazzoldi 2009).. Known in Baltic Sea coast region in Poland , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2010a), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Mazzoldi 2009), Estonia (Rutanen 2004)..Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Poland, Estonia, Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Estonia (Haberman 1968); Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), central Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Belarus .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , Kaliningrad region .. # 4. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , western Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Bercio and Folwaczny 1979).. Known in northeastern Poland , Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in northeastern Poland , eastern Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009)..Known in northeastern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in northwestern Belarus , Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Kaliningrad region, Estonia, Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in northern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), Kaliningrad Region, Estonia, (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), coast of Baltic Sea in Poland , Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), Kaliningrad Region, Estonia, Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), Belarus .. Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Latvia, Denmark, Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), Belarus (Vigna Taglianti 2009)..# 7. Tamutis and Ferenca 2006.. Known in Latvia and Estonia (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Denmark and Finland (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Latvia , Estonia, Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Estonia, Latvia (Vigna Taglianti 2009).[difficilis]. Known in Estonia, Latvia (Vigna Taglianti 2009), central Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[hastii]. Known in Estonia, Latvia (Vigna Taglianti 2009), northern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[prasinus]. Known in Estonia, Latvia (Vigna Taglianti 2009), central Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[virens]. Known in Estonia, Latvia (Vigna Taglianti 2009), central Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark and Germany (Vigna Taglianti 2009)..Known in Denmark, Germany (Vigna Taglianti 2009), Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Germany (Vigna Taglianti 2009), Poland ..Known in Latvia .. Known in northern and central Poland , Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Pervasive species to the European east. Known in Estonia, Poland, Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in northern and central Poland , Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in northern Poland , Denmark, Estonia, Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009)..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Belarus (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in northern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in northern Poland , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2008c), Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in northern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Poland, Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003)..Known in northeastern Poland , Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), northwestern Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), northwestern Belarus , Estonia, Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Poland , Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), northwestern Belarus , Kaliningrad region, Estonia, (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Poland , Kaliningrad region, Estonia, (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in northern Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009)..Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), northwestern Poland , northern Belarus , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in northwestern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), northwestern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009)..Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), northwestern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Latvia and Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. # 16. Tamutis and Ferenca 2006; Alekseev 2008c; disproved by Tamutis et al. (2008).. Known in northwestern Poland , Belarus .. Known in northern Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in central Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).[signatus]. # 20. Gaidien\u0117 1993; Silfverberg 2004; Alekseev 2008c.. Known in northwestern Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009); central Poland .. Known in northeastern Belarus , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009); central Poland ..# 21.Tamutis et al. 2008.. Known in northeastern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2010), Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in northwestern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), central and northwestern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).[elegans]. Known in Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), Estonia (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2003), northwestern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2008c), Denmark, Estonia (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in northwestern Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in central and northwestern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2008c), Estonia, Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Recently discovered in Latvia , known in Poland , Kaliningrad region, Belarus (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in northern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Denmark (Vigna Taglianti 2009).. Known in Belarus, Denmark, northern Russia (Vigna Taglianti 2009), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. # 22. Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 1993).. Known in Kaliningrad region (Bercio and Folwaczny 1979), northeastern Poland .. Known in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2010a), northeastern Poland , Latvia , western Belarus ..Known in Latvia .. # 24. Gaidien\u0117 1993; Silfverberg 2004; Alekseev 2010a.. Known in Latvia , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2010a), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Belarus .[confinis]. Known in Latvia ..Known in northern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark .. Known in Latvia , Belarus (Ryndevich 2004).[setulosus]. Known in Latvia .. # 25. Monsevi\u010dius 1998.. Known in Latvia , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2010a), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Belarus .. Known in northern Poland , Denmark ..Known in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2010a), northeastern Poland , eastern Belarus ; southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark ..Known in Latvia ; Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2010a), northwestern Belarus , northern Poland .[nigrolineatus =lautus ].Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark , Belarus (Ryndevich 2004).. Known in northern Belarus , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark .. Known in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2010a), northeastern Poland , northwestern Belarus , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia ..Known in northeastern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus, Denmark .. Known in Poland , Estonia ..Known in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2010a), northern Poland , Latvia , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus ..Known in Latvia , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark .. Known in Latvia .. Known in northwestern Belarus .. Known in souhern Sweden, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Poland, Denmark (Hansen 2009), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia (Telnov 2004).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark (Hansen 2009).. Known in Belarus (Ryndevich 2004), Poland , recently discovered in Latvia .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Hansen 2009).. Known in northwestern Belarus , eastern Prusia (Schilsky 1909), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Denmark (Hansen 2009).. Known in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2010a), Belarus (Ryndevich 2004), northwestern Poland , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Denmark (Hansen 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Denmark (Hansen 2009)..Known in northwestern Belarus .. # 30. Lindeman 1871; Pileckis 1968b ; Alekseev 2010a.. # 30. Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1995 (Helophorus redtenbacheri Kuwert = Helophorus pumilio auct. nec Er.); Hansen 2004a, 2009; Alekseev 2010a.. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), central Poland , Estonia .. Known in central Russia (Shatrovskij 1993), northwestern Belarus .. Recently found in Latvia , known in Belarus (Ryndevich 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland, Denmark (Hansen 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Hansen 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia, Estonia (Hansen 2009), central Poland , Belarus (Ryndevich 2004).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Hansen 2009).. Known in northern Poland , recently found in Latvia .. Known in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2010a), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Latvia (Telnov 2004), northwestern Belarus , Denmark (Hansen 2009).[decorus]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Hansen 2009), recently found in Latvia .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Hansen 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Denmark (Hansen 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), northwestern Belarus , Denmark (Hansen 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2010), northern Poland ; Denmark (Lackner 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , Denmark (Lackner 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland ; Denmark (Lackner 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia (Telnov 2004), northern Poland ; Denmark (Lackner 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ; Denmark (Lackner 2009).. Known in northeastern Poland , Latvia (Telnov 2004).. Known in Poland , northwestern Belarus , Latvia (Telnov 2004).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland, Denmark (Lackner 2009).. Known in northern Poland .. Known in northern Poland , Denmark (Lackner 2009).[striatus]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Estonia, Denmark (Lackner 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , northern Poland , Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark (Lackner 2009).. Recently found in Latvia , known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , Kaliningrad region, Estonia, Denmark (Lackner 2009).. Known in Estonia (Lackner 2009), Belarus , northern Poland .. Known in northern Belarus , Latvia (Telnov 2004), northern Poland , Estonia, Denmark (Lackner 2009).. Known in Estonia, Denmark (Lackner 2009), Belarus , Poland .. Recently found in Latvia , known in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2010a), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Denmark .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northern Poland , Belarus .. Known in Estonia (Mahler 2004), Poland .. Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark .. Recently found in Latvia , known in Poland .[gibbosusGermar 1824]. Known in Kalingrad region (Alekseev 2010a), northern Poland .. Recently found in Latvia , known in Belarus, Estonia, Poland .[marinus]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia (Telnov 2004), northern Poland , Estonia, Denmark .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Poland .. Known in Belarus ; Denmark (Polilov 2009), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark, Belarus (Polilov 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Polilov 2009).. Recently found in Latvia , known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in Latvia , northern Poland , Denmark, (Polilov 2009).[coarctatum]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Polilov 2009), Poland .. Recently found in Latvia .. Known in Latvia , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Polilov 2009), Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[nana]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[halidaii]. Known in Latvia , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland , Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in Latvia , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland , Denmark, Estonia (Polilov 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[exaratum]. Known in Latvia , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Estonia, Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Polilov 2009).[myrmecophilum]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Belarus , Poland , Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in Latvia , Denmark, Poland (Polilov 2009).[saxonicum =marginatum auct. nec ]. Recently found in Latvia , known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark (Polilov 2009)..Known in Latvia , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Poland (Polilov 2009).[kunzei]. Known in Latvia , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Denmark (Polilov 2009), Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Polilov 2009).[fuscum =flachi ]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Polilov 2009), Poland .[marginatum =lederi ]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Polilov 2009).[sahlbergi]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Estonia (Polilov 2009).[schwarzi]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[spencei]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , northern Poland , Estonia, Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Poland (Polilov 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland , Denmark (Polilov 2009).[denticollis]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Recently found in Latvia , known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Polilov 2009).[suturalis]. Known in Latvia , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , northern Poland , Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in Latvia , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in Latvia , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Poland (Polilov 2009).. Recently found in Latvia , known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Poland (Polilov 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in Latvia , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Polilov 2009).[pumila =longicornis auct. nec ]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Estonia, Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Recently found in Latvia , known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Recently found in Latvia , known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Denmark, Poland (Polilov 2009).. Recently found in Latvia , known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Polilov 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka 2009).[castaneus]. Known in northern Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Estonia (R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .[multistriatus]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Denmark, (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).[punctatus]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northern Poland , Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).[spinipes]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Estonia (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in northern Poland .. Known in Sweden, Denmark , northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).[furvus]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Estonia (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northern Poland .[gallicus]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).[longipes =curta ]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).[lucens]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), southeastern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia , Sweden (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northern Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northern Poland .[ruficollis =nigrita auct. nec ]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Estonia, Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Denmark, Estonia (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northern Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northern Poland .. Known in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Poland , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Denmark, Estonia (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northern Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northern Poland .. Known in northern Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Belarus , Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northern Poland .. Known in northern Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), Poland .[bidentatum] Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), Poland .. Known in northern Poland .[PageBreakdentipes]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northeastern Poland .. Recently found in Latvia , known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).[serripes]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark, (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , western Belarus , Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).[nivalis]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in southwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Denmark .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland , Denmark, Sweden (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), southwestern Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2010), northern Poland , Denmark .. Known in Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Belarus (R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka 2009).. Known in northern and northwestern Belarus , Poland (R\u016f\u017ei\u010dka 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Estonia , Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Estonia, central and northern Sweden, (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden , Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden, Estonia , northern Poland .[pliginskii].Known in Denmark, southern Sweden . PageBreak.Known in Denmark, southern Sweden , Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), throughout Sweden, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), western Belarus , southern Poland .[melanocephala].Known in Latvia (Telnov. 2004), throughout Sweden, Estonia, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , throughout Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden , northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), western Belarus , eastern Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden ..Known throughout Sweden, Denmark, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), central Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden ..Known in Denmark, central and southern Sweden , Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden, Estonia .. Known throughout Sweden, Denmark, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), southern Poland .. Known in southern Sweden, Estonia , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, throughout the Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden , southern Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), southern Belarus , northeastern Poland ..Known in Denmark ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Sweden, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in southern and central Sweden, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .[melanocephalum].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern and central Sweden, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), throughout Poland .[PageBreakunicolor].Known in southern and central Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Estonia (Roosileht 2003), southern Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), throughout the Sweden, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), throughout the Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in throughout the Sweden, Latvia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Sweden, Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Belarus, Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia , northern Poland .. Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia .. Known in northern Poland ..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Ltavia ..Known in Latvia , Estonia (Silfverberg 2004)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), recently found in Latvia .[delaporti].Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , norhern Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland .. Known in Latvia , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, southern and central Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), northeastern Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[brunneus].Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known throughout the Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland ..Known in Latvia , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland (Gawro\u0144ski and Oleksa 2006).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Estonia (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Latvia , Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Latvia , Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), western Poland ..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in the central Sweden, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia (Silfverberg 2004).[pusillus]. Known in Latvia , Estonia, Denmark (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Latvia , Estonia, Denmark, southern and central Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[tenebrosus].Known in southern and central Sweden, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. # 42. Pileckis 1976a; Silfverberg 1992; disproved by Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius (1995); Smetana and Besuchet 2004; Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a.. # 43.Known in Latvia , Denmark, Estonia, Poland, Sweden (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).[helferi].Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northern Poland , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[nigripennis].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland , Belarus ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in northwestern Belarus , northern and central Russia (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in Sweden, Denmark, Belarus, Kaliningrad region, Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Roosileht 2003).. Known in Sweden, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), central Russia, Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northwestern Belarus .. Known in Estonia .. Known in northwestern Belarus , Estonia .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus, Kaliningrad region, Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland, central Russia (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in northern Poland , Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[obtusus]. Known in Belarus (Smetana 2004d), Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus, central Russia (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in southern Estonia (Roosileht 2003).. Recently found in Latvia , known in Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Recently found in Latvia , known in central Russia (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Roosileht 2003), northwestern Belarus , Poland (Smetana 2004d).. Known in Estonia, Finland (Silfverberg 2004), Belarus .. Known in Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia , Poland (Smetana 2004d)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Roosileht 2003)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995). PageBreak[sanguinea.Monsevi\u010dius and Pankevi\u010dius 2001.spadicea].Known in Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Smetana 2004d)..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Roosileht 2003), recently found in Latvia .[brachyptera]. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus ..Known in Denmark (Silfverberg 2004)..Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus ..Known in Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Smetana 2004d)..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Roosileht 2003).. Known in Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia ..Known in Sweden, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995). PageBreak. Known in Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia (Cibulskis and Petrova 2002), Belarus , Poland (Smetana 2004d).. Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Roosileht 2003), Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus ..Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Roosileht 2003), Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus .. Known in Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden , Latvia .. Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Roosileht 2003), Belarus .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, Estonia (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Denmark .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[prolixa]. Known in Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia (Telnov 2004)..Known in Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus .[inquilina]. Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , recently found in Latvia .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, Latvia (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Denmark, Estonia .. Known in Denmark, Sweden .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Denmark .. Known in northwestern Belarus , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Roosileht 2003).[teres]. Known in Denmark .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark , Belarus .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark ..Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , Belarus , recently found in Latvia .. Known in Denmark .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Belarus .. Kown in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia ..Known in Sweden, Denmark , Belarus , recently found in Latvia .. Known in Denmark (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Sweden, Estonia , Poland , Latvia .[carbonaria]. Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , Poland , recently found in Latvia .[ripicola]. Known in Sweden, Denmark , Belarus , Poland .. Recently found in Latvia , known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , Poland .[PageBreakrudiventris]. Known in Sweden  Poland .. Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , northwestern Belarus , northern Poland , recently found in Latvia .. Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia .[meridionalis]. Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia ..Known in northern Poland ..Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , Poland , recently found in Latvia .[septentrionum].Known in Denmark (Silfverberg 2004).[subtilissima = obscurior ]. Known in Sweden, Estonia , Poland ..Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , northwestern Belarus .. Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , northern Poland .. Known in Sweden, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Silfverberg 2004). PageBreak.Known in Sweden, Denmark .. Known in Sweden, Denmark ..Known in Denmark (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004).. Known in Latvia , Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , Poland .[planifrons]. Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , Poland .[subgrandis]. Known Denmark, throughout Sweden .. Known Denmark, southern Sweden .. Known in Estonia , Poland .[ultima]. Known in Estonia , Poland .. Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , northwestern Belarus , northeastern Poland .. Known Denmark, southern Sweden, Estonia , northern Poland .. Known in Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Poland .. Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , Poland .. Known in Sweden, Denmark ..Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia .[britteni]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Estonia .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark, Estonia .. Known in Latvia , Sweden, Denmark, Estonia .[kaiseriana]. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden .. Known Denmark ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark, Estonia ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden .[terminalis].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , Belarus .[tmolosensis = denifera ].Known in Sweden, Denmark , Belarus ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden .. Known in Sweden, Denmark , Belarus ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden .[atomaria].Known in Denmark, southern Sweden .. Known in Sweden, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Roosileht 2003), Belarus .boleticolaJ.R. Sahlberg, 1876. Monsevi\u010dius 1985, 1987, 1988a, 1997, 2000; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1995.boletophila. Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1995; Silfverberg 2004.boreellaBrundin, 1948]. Known in Sweden, Denmark .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia , northern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , northwestern Belarus .. Known in Sweden, Denmark ..Known in Sweden, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Roosileht 2003)..Known in Sweden, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Roosileht 2003)..Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden , recently found in Latvia .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden ..Known in Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden , Latvia .[fungivora]. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden .. Known in Estonia .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden .. Known in Sweden, Denmark ..Known in in Latvia , Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden .[indubia]. Known in in Latvia , Denmark, southern Sweden ..Known in Denmark .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004).[minuscula = perexigua ].Known in Denmark, southern Sweden .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Latvia .. Known in Sweden, Denmark .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden , Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden, Estonia .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , northwestern Belarus ..Known in northern Belarus .. Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , Belarus , Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), northeastern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden .. Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden .[xanthopus].Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden .[zosterae]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark, Estonia .. Known in Sweden, Denmark .[sodermani]. Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden ..Recently found in Latvia , known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , Belarus .. Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden , Belarus , recently found in Latvia ..Known in Sweden, Denmark .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden, Estonia .[puncticeps]. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden, Estonia ..Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden , Poland , northwestern Belarus ..Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden .. Known in northern Poland ..Known in Sweden, Denmark ..Known in southern Sweden .. Known in Sweden, Denmark ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark , Estonia (Roosileht 2003) northern Belarus , norteastern Poland .. Known in Denmark .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Sweden, Denmark , Poland .. Known in Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark , Estonia (Roosileht 2003), Belarus , northeastern Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland .. Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), northern Belarus .. Known in Poland , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Poland , Latvia , Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in northeastern Poland , Denmark, southern Sweden , Belarus ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden ..Known in Denmark ..Known in Denmark .[sinuaticollis = submarina auct. nec ].Known in Sweden, Denmark ..Known in Latvia , Poland , throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Estonia ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), throughout Sweden , Denmark, Estonia , Belarus .. Known in northeastern Poland , throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Estonia .[picipes].Known in Denmark ..Known in Poland , Latvia (Cibulskis and Petrova 2002), Denmark, southern Sweden , Belarus ..Known in Poland , Latvia (Cibulskis and Petrova 2002), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden .[hanseni].Known in Denmark, southern Sweden, .[imitator].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden, ..Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden , Belarus .[nitida].Known in Sweden, Denmark ..Known in Sweden, Denmark ..Recently found in Latvia , known in Sweden, Denmark .[tarsalis].Known in throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Estonia ..Known in , Estonia, Denmark .[gracilis].Recently found in Latvia , known in northern Poland , Sweden, Denmark, Estonia ..Known in Denmark (Silfverberg 2004)..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 195), Poland , southern Belarus ..Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland ..Recently found in Latvia , known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , northern Poland ..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Poland (Staniec 2002), Latvia , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in northeastern Poland .. Recently found in Latvia , known in northern Poland , southern Sweden, Denmark, Estonia ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northern Belarus , Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden, Estonia , Poland .[heidenreichi].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004); southern Sweden .[impressus.Monsevi\u010dius and Pankevi\u010dius 2001.lindrothi].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark, Estonia ..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark .[similis]. Known in Latvia , Poland (Staniec 2000).[subterraneus].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004). PageBreak[subtilicornis = strandi ].Known in Latvia ; Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia (Silfverberg 2004), northern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia .[clavatus].Known in Latvia (Telnov. 2006), throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[clypeonitens].Know in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Estonia , Poland , northwestern Belarus ..Know in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Estonia , northern Poland .[insecatus. Monsevi\u010dius and Pankevi\u010dius 2001.intricatus].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[mutator].Known in Denmark, Sweden (Silfverberg 2004), Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in northwestern Belarus ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden , Belarus , Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden, , Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark , northern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Estonia , northwestern Belarus , Poland ..Known in Sweden, Denmark, Estonia .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).[PageBreakfurcatus].Known in Sweden, Denmark ,.Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden , Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), northwestern Belarus ..Known in Sweden, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland , northwestern Belarus ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark, Estonia , northwestern Belarus , Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden , southern Belarus , northern Poland ..Known in Denmark , Poland ..Known in Denmark, , northern Poland ..Known in Denmark , Sweden (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Denmark . PageBreak.Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Denmark , Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark (S\u00e1nchez-Terr\u00f3n 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark (S\u00e1nchez-Terr\u00f3n 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Poland, Denmark (S\u00e1nchez-Terr\u00f3n 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (S\u00e1nchez-Terr\u00f3n 2009).. Known in Poland , Estonia, (S\u00e1nchez-Terr\u00f3n 2009).. Known in southern Sweden, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Denmark, (S\u00e1nchez-Terr\u00f3n 2009).. Known in southern Sweden, Denmark , Belarus .. Known in Estonia .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (S\u00e1nchez-Terr\u00f3n 2009).. Known in southern Sweden, Denmark .[pusillus]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995) Poland (S\u00e1nchez-Terr\u00f3n 2009).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden, Estonia , northwestern Belarus , Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in northern Belarus .. Known in northern Belarus , Poland .. # 52.Known in Latvia , Denmark, Estonia , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , northwestern Belarus ..Known in Latvia , Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland ..Know in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Know in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Latvia , Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , northwestern Belarus .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Denmark, Estonia, northern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Denmark, Estonia , northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , northwestern Belarus .. Pileckis 1976a; Monsevi\u010dius 1986b, 1997; Dvilevi\u010dius et al. 1988; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Gaidien\u0117 1993; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1995; Smetana 2004f; Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a.ruralisErichson, 1840.Monsevi\u010dius and Pankevi\u010dius 2001; Smetana 2004f; Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a.scabriculusJ.R. Sahlberg, 1876]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Denmark , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northern Belarus ..Known in Latvia , Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in northern Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland .. Known in northern Poland .. Recently re-found in Latvia , known in Poland ..Known in Estonia (Roosileht 2004).. Known in northern Poland , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[brunneus]. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northern Poland , Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[obsoletus]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northern Poland , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Latvia , Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Belarus ..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in Latvia , Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland Burakowski et al. 1979), Belarus , Denmark (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), northern Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1976)..Known in Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), recently found in Latvia (Cibulskis 2006)..Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1976)..Known in Latvia, Denmark, Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Szujecki 1976).. Known in Latvia (Silfverberg 2004), Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in northwestern Poland (Szujecki 1980).. Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980), Belarus .. Known in Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980), northern and northwestern Belarus .. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980), Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), northern Belarus .[sphagnicola]. Known in Latvia (Spu\u0146\u0123is 2008), Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980)..Known in Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus .. Known in Denmark, Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[pseudoparcus]. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Szujecki 1980).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northwestern Belarus , Poland (Szujecki 1980)..Known in Latvia (Cibulskis 2010), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980).. Known in Latvia (Cibulskis 2010), Denmark, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980)..Known in Latvia , Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Szujecki 1980).[procerulus]. Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Szujecki 1980)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980).. Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980)..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980).[lateralis]. Known in Latvia (Cibulskis 2010), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Szujecki 1980), Belarus .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Szujecki 1980)..Known in Latvia , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980).. Known in Latvia (Cibulskis 2010), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Szujecki 1980).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980).[semiobscurus = rufipes  nec ].Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Szujecki 1980).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Poland (Szujecki 1980).. Known in Kaliningrad region, Poland (L\u00f3pez-Col\u00f3n 2009), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Bartolozzi 2009)..Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland (L\u00f3pez-Col\u00f3n 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Stebnicka 1976).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Bercio and Folwaczny 1979), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Stebnicka 1976). PageBreak. Known in in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland (Stebnicka 1976)..Known in western Belarus , throughout Poland (Stebnicka 1976).. Known in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Poland (Stebnicka 1976).. # 53. Gaidien\u0117 1993; Silfverberg 2004.[*pictus].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Stebnicka 1976).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), western Belarus , Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Stebnicka 1976).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Stebnicka 1976)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland (Stebnicka 1976).. Known in Latvia ( Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Kaliningrad region (Bercio and Folwaczny 1979), Poland (Stebnicka 1976)..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland (Stebnicka 1976)..Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland (Stebnicka 1978).[ochraceum].Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Stebnicka 1978).[ruficorne]. Known in in western Belarus , Poland (Stebnicka 1978)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Stebnicka 1978). PageBreak.Known in western Belarus , Poland (Stebnicka 1978)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), western Belarus , Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), western Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Nikitsky 2008), Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden(Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), throughout Poland (Stebnicka 1978)..Known in Latvia , Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Sweden (L\u00f6bl 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[marginata].Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvija (Telnov 2004), northwestern Belarus , Poland (Sapiejewski 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Kub\u00e1n 2009), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Kub\u00e1n 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Kub\u00e1n 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland (Kub\u00e1n 2009)..Known in northern and western Belarus ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Kub\u00e1n 2009).. Known in Belarus , Poland, Kaliningrad region (Kub\u00e1n 2009), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Belarus, Sweden, Poland (Kub\u00e1n 2009), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Kub\u00e1n 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Kub\u00e1n 2009).. Known in Latvia , Poland (Mroczkowski 1958).[metallica]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Mroczkowski 1958).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), throughout Belarus , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Mroczkowski 1958).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland (Mroczkowski 1958).. Known in northern Belarus , Poland (Wi\u0119\u017alak 1986)..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wi\u0119\u017alak 1986). PageBreak.Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Wi\u0119\u017alak 1986)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wi\u0119\u017alak 1986)..Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus (J\u00e4ch 2009a)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Wi\u0119\u017alak 1986)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2010a), Estonia, Denmark Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wi\u0119\u017alak 1986)..Known in Latvia, Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wi\u0119\u017alak 1986)..Known in northwestern Belarus ..Known in Belarus , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Finland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland ..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Estonia, Sweden (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Burakowski 1991)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland (Burakowski 1991), Belarus ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), western Belarus , Poland (Burakowski 1991)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Kaliningrad region (Muona 2009), western Belarus , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Burakowski 1991).[testaceus].Known in western Belarus , northern Poland (Burakowski 1991)..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Poland (Burakowski 1991).[foveicollis = fleischeri ].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Burakowski 1991). PageBreak[olexai].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Burakowski 1991)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Burakowski 1991)..Known in northeastern Poland (Burakowski 1991), Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Finland (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Burakowski 1991).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Poland (Burakowski 1991).[laticollis]. Known in Belarus , Poland (Burakowski 1991).. Known in Denmark, Seweden (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland .[exul]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland (Burakowski 1991)..Known in Sweden (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Latvia .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland (Tarnawski and Buchholz 2008a), Balarus .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), western Belarus , Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland (Tarnawski and Buchholz 2008a)..Known in Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Tarnawski and Buchholz 2008b)..Known in Estonia, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Tarnawski and Buchholz 2008b).HarminiusFairmaire, 1851 = Diacanthous Reitter, 1905.undulatus. Pileckis and Jakaitis 1982; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1995; Pankevi\u010dius 2000; Ferenca et al. 2002; Cate 2007a, 2009; Inokaitis 2009; Tamutis et al. 2010.StenagostusThomson, 1859 = Athous Eschscholtz, 1829.rhombeus = villosus auct. nec ].Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , northern Poland (Tarnawski and Buchholz 2008b).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northern Belarus , Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Tarnawski and Buchholz 2008b).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Tarnawski and Buchholz 2008b)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Tarnawski and Buchholz 2008b).. # 57. Monsevi\u010dius 1988b, 1997; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1995; Cate 2007a, 2009; disproved by Tamutis et al. (2010).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), western Belarus , Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Tarnawski and Buchholz 2008b)..Known in northern Belarus , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Tarnawski and Buchholz 2008b). PageBreak.Known in Denmark, southern Sweden and (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Tarnawski and Buchholz 2008b).. Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2005).[cardinalis(Schi\u00f6dte 1865)].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2005).[nigerrimus].Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995). PageBreak[rufipennis].Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2005), Poland ..Known in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis and Nitcis 2010).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in northwestern Belarus , Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia , Poland ..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[gramineus]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Kaliningrad region, Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Recently found in Latvia  and Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2010), known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Boc\u00e1k 2009).. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Belarus .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Kazantsev 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Kazantsev 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), eastern Belarus , Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Kazantsev 2009)..Known in western Belarus , Poland (Kazantsev 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland (Kazantsev 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Kazantsev 2009).[dimidiatocollis].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004).[dispar].Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Kazantsev 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Kazantsev 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia , northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004)..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .laniariusIlliger, 1801. Pileckis 1968a, 1976a; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1995; H\u00e1va and L\u00f6bl 2007; Zhantiev 2009.lardariusLinnaeus, 1758. Pileckis 1960, 1976a, 1998; Le\u0161inskas and Pileckis 1967; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Gaidien\u0117 1993; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1995; \u0160ablevi\u010dius 2000b, 2011; Gliaudys 2001; Ferenca 2006b; H\u00e1va and L\u00f6bl 2007; Zhantiev 2009.maculatusDeGeer, 1774 = vulpinus Fabricius, 1781. Monsevi\u010dius 1988b; Ferenca 1988; Gaidien\u0117 1993; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1995; Ferenca et al. 2002; H\u00e1va and L\u00f6bl 2007; Zhantiev 2009.murinusLinnaeus, 1758. Pileckis 1960, 1976a; Bercio and Folwaczny 1979; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Gaidien\u0117 1993; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1995; \u0160ablevi\u010dius 2000b, 2011; Gliaudys 2001; \u017diogas and Zolubas 2005; Ferenca 2006b; H\u00e1va and L\u00f6bl 2007; Zhantiev 2009.peruvianusLaporte, 1840].Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus (Zhantiev 2009), Poland .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004).[pantherinus].Known in northeastern Poland ..Known in northern Poland .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in western Belarus , Sweden (Lindberg 1995).. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Latvia , Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Nikitsky 2008).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus (Zhantiev 2009), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2010). PageBreak. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2010).. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Zhantiev 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in northern Poland ..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2010), Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Denmark, Sweden, Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland ..Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Sweden (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Zahradn\u00edk 2009).[sulcatum].Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Silfverberg 2004)..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Sweden (Zahradn\u00edk 2009), Poland .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Estonia, Denmark Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Sweden (Zahradn\u00edk 2009), northern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in northern Poland ..Known in Latvia , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Belarus , Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northern Belarus , Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in northeastern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Zahradn\u00edk 2009).. Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Latvia , Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Denmark (Zahradn\u00edk 2009), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Zahradn\u00edk 2009).. Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009).. Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Kalinigrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2010), Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in southern Sweden (Baranowski 1985)..Known in Latvia, Sweden, Poland (B\u00fcche and Lundberg and Gustafsson 2002)..Known in Sweden (Silfverberg 2004)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Belarus , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Belarus , northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Belarus , northern Poland , Estonia ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in northern Poland .. Known in northern Poland .. Known in northern Poland ..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[pallipes].Known in Belarus , Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Denmark, Estonia, southern Sweden, (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[alpigradus].Known in Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Poland .[virens = flavipes  nec ].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Latvia, Denmark, southern Sweden .. Known in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Nikitsky 2008), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), western Belarus , Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Belarus , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson1995), Denmark , northern Poland .. Known in Belarus , Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson1995), Kaliningrad region (Bercio and Folwaczny 1979), northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Kaliningrad region (Bercio and Folwaczny 1979), northwestern Belarus .[rufifrons]. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Belarus , Sweden , Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland , recently found in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009)..Known in northwestern Belarus , eastern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Belarus , Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), northwestern Belarus , northern Poland .. Known Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), northwestern Belarus , northern Poland ..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Silfverberg 2004)..Known inDenmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Kaliningrad region, Poland .. Known in Estonia, Denmark (Silfverberg 2004)..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus, Kaliningrad region, Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Belarus .. Known in northwestern Belarus , Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Sweden, Estonia, Latvia , Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Sillfverberg 2004), Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northwestern Belarus , northeastern Poland ..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .baraniBrisout, 1863. Otero et al. 2009.basalisErichson, 1846. Monsevi\u010dius and Pankevi\u010dius 2001; Johnson et al. 2007; Otero et al. 2009.bellaReitter, 1875. Otero et al. 2009.clavigeraGanglbauer, 1899].Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, Poland , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Kaliningrad region, Poland, Sweden , Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Kaliningrad region ..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004)..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Sillfverberg 2004), northern Poland , Belarus, Kaliningrad region .. Known in all neighbours countries .. Known in Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Kaliningrad region ..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Sillfverberg 2004)..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), northern Poland ..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Denmark (Sillfverberg 2004).. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Silfverberg 2004)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia .. Known in Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), northeastern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Finland (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (\u015alipinski 2009), northeastern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , recently found in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , northern Poland ..Known in Latvia, Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in northern Poland .[monilis].Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , northern Poland .[muticus]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Belarus , northeastern Poland .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , recently found in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009)..Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Sweden (\u015alipinski 2009), Poland ..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , northern Poland .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Belarus , northern Poland .[spartii = alter  nec ].Known in Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .[turcicus].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2010), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2010), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Belarus , northern Poland ..Known in nortwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia , Belarus (Audisio and Jel\u00ednek 2009).. Known in Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus, Latvia (Audisio and Jel\u00ednek 2009). PageBreak. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Kaliningrad region (Audisio and Jel\u00ednek 2009), Poland .. Known in Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Worldwide distributed, known in Denmark, Sweden, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Nunberg 1976).. Known in neotropical and nearctic regions, imported in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Nunberg 1976)..Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Sweden (Silfverberg 2004), Poland , Belarus (Audisio and Jel\u00ednek 2009).. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , Belarus (Audisio and Jel\u00ednek 2009).. Known in southern Norway , Kaliningrad region ..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Belarus (Audisio and Jel\u00ednek 2009)..Known in Latvia, Poland (Audisio and Jel\u00ednek 2009), Denmark, Sweden (Silfverberg 2004), Belarus (Tsinkevch and Alexandrovich 2002)..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Belarus (Audisio and Jel\u00ednek 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , Kaliningrad region (Audisio and Jel\u00ednek 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northern Poland , Belarus (Audisio and Jel\u00ednek 2009)..Known in Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Belarus (Audisio and Jel\u00ednek 2009), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Silfverberg 2004), Belarus (Audisio and Jel\u00ednek 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , recently found in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2010).. Known in northern Poland ..Known in northern Poland , Denmark (\u015alipinski 2009).[variolosus].Known in northern Poland , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson1995), Denmark (Olberg and Olsen 2009).[duodecimstriatus ].Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson1995), Poland . PageBreak.Known in Denmark, Sweden (Silfverberg 2004), Poland ..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson1995), northern Poland .. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson1995), northern Poland .[litura]. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson1995), northern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson1995), northern Poland (Canepari 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Poland (Canepari 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Poland .. Recently found in Latvia (Bar\u0161evskis 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson1995), northern Poland .. Distributed from southern Sweden in the north through southern and central Europe (Bowestead 1999).. Known in Denmark, Latvia (Silfverberg 2004), Sweden, Belarus, Poland (Bowestead 1999).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Audisio 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[brevicollis].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , northern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus ..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Silfverberg 2004)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004).[clathrata = separanda auct. nec ].Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[costulata]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark (Silfverberg 2004)..Known in Latvia, Denmark, Sweden ..Known in Denmark, Sweden ..Known in northwestern Belarus , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[lapponica].Known in northwestern Belarus , Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in northwestern Belarus , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (R\u00fccker 2009)..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), PageBreaknorthwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), norther Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus ..Known in Latvia , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), northwestern Belarus .. Known in Sweden, Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (R\u00fccker 2009)..Known in Latvia (Silfverberg 2004), Kaliningrad region , Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , western Belarus , recently found in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Jel\u00ednek and Audisio 2009)..Known in northern Poland , Kaliningrad region (Jel\u00ednek and Audisio 2009).. Known in Latvia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , western Belarus , recently found in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009)..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , western Belarus .. Known in Latvia , western Belarus .[pygmaeus = rhododactylus ].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[vestitus = pygmaeus auct. nec ]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), western Belarus .. Known in northern Belarus , Poland .[fronticornis]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , western Belarus , recently found in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009).. Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), recently found in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northwestern Belarus , Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), northwestern Belarus , Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), northwestern Belarus , Poland ..Known in Estonia, Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Nikitsky 2009)..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus (Nikitsky 2009).[quadriguttata].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), western Belarus , northeastern Poland ..Known in Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Belarus (Nikitsky 2009).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[caraboides].Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland . PageBreak.Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Belarus (Nikitsky 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland ..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , western Belarus ..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland ..Known in Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland .. Known in Latvia , Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Germany (Hor\u00e1k 2009)..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , Belarus .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Hor\u00e1k 2009), Poland .[neuwaldeggiana].Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Belarus , recently found in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009).. Known in Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland, Germany .. Known in Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Germany (Hor\u00e1k 2009).. Known in Sweden (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Hor\u00e1k 2009)..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Recently found in Latvia  and Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in northern Poland .[separanda]. Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (\u015alipinski 2009).. Known in northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Imported in Latvia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), known in Poland (Fattorini 2009)..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in western Belarus , Poland , Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in northern Poland , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Imported in Latvia, Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), known in Poland (Fattorini 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland , northwestern Belarus .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Imported in Latvia, Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), known in Poland (Fattorini 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2010), western Belarus ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland ..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , Belarus .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Belarus .. Known in northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Fattorini 2009), recently found in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009).. Known in northern Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in northwestern Belarus , eastern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Belarus ..Known in Demark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Belarus .. Known in Demark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Belarus ..Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus ..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .[cinerascens cinerascens].Known in Demark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[cyanea].Known in Demark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Estonia, Demark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Demark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland .. Known in northern Poland .proscarabaeusLinnaeus, 1758. Eichwald 1830; Pileckis 1960, 1976a; Le\u0161inskas and Pileckis 1967; Zajan\u010dkauskas and Pileckis 1968; Gaidien\u0117 and Ferenca 1992; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Gaidien\u0117 1993; Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; \u0160ablevi\u010dius 2000b, 2011; Gliaudys 2001; Ferenca 2006b; Bologna 2008, 2009; Liekis 2009.scabriusculusBrandt & Erichson, 1832]. Known in northern Poland ..Known in northern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland ..Known in Demark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Demark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Demark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Demark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), northern Poland , northwestern Belarus .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland .. Known in Demark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Demark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Demark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Nardi 2009)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), western Belarus , northern Poland , recently found in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2010).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), western Belarus , northern Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), recently found in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009).. Known in Demark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), western Belarus , Poland (Horak 2009), recently found in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), western Belarus , northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), northern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , recently found in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009).. Known in Denmark, (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in northern Poland ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Horak 2009)..Known in Latvia, Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in northern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Silfverberg 2004), Belarus , northern Poland , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2007). PageBreak. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Sweden (Silfverberg 2004), northwestern Belarus , northeastern Poland , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2007).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , northeastern Poland ..Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, northern Poland .. Imported in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in eastern Belarus , Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in northern Poland , northern Belarus .. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland (Sama 2009).. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland . Expected in Lithuania.[rhamni]. # 73. Pileckis 1959; Silfverberg 2004; Alekseev 2007; Sama 2009; disproved by Pileckis (1960).[*tropicus]. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Belarus .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland  and northwestern Belarus .. # 74.Pileckis 1959; disproved by Pileckis (1960)..Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in northern Poland , western Belarus ..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia, Belarus and Poland .. Known in Belarus, Poland .. Known in Belarus , northern Poland .. Known in Latvia .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Belarus , northern Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland .. Recently discovered in Latvia (Bukejs 2010c), known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , Belarus .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Belarus , northern Poland ; Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2003).. Known in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2003), Belarus , Poland .. # 79. \u0160ablevi\u010dius 2000a; Silfverberg 2004.. # 80. Tamutis 2003.. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995) northern Poland .. Known in Latvia , Belarus , northern Poland .. Known in northern Poland .. Known in Latvia .. Recently found in Latvia (Bukejs 2009c), known in Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), western Belarus , northern Poland .. Known in western Belarus , Poland , Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , northern Poland , Kaliningrad region (Audisio 2009).. Known in northwestern Belarus , Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Recently discovered in Latvia (Bukejs 2011), known in southwestern Belarus (Lopatin and Nesterova 2005), southeastern Sweden (Wanntorp 2005), Poland (Doberl 2010).atra. Kami\u0144ski 1936; Pileckis 1960, 1976a; Putele 1972; Pileckis and Vengeliauskait\u0117 1977, 1996; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Gaidien\u0117 1993; Pileckis et al. 1994b; Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Gruev and D\u00f6berl 1997; Gliaudys 2001; Ferenca 2006b; Audisio 2009; Ostrauskas and Ferenca 2010; D\u00f6berl 2010.cruciferae. Kami\u0144ski 1936; Pileckis 1960, 1976a; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Gruev and D\u00f6berl 1997; Audisio 2009; D\u00f6berl 2010.dilatataThomson, 1866. Bukejs et al. 2011.exclamationis. Pileckis 1960, 1976a; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Gruev and D\u00f6berl 1997; Audisio 2009.flexuosa. Kami\u0144ski 1936; Pileckis 1960, 1976a; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Gaidien\u0117 1993; Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Gruev and D\u00f6berl 1997; Ferenca 2006b Audisio 2009; D\u00f6berl 2010.nemorum. Heyden 1903; Ogijewicz 1929, 1931; Kami\u0144ski 1936; Pileckis 1960, 1963b, 1976a; Le\u0161inskas and Pileckis 1967; Putele 1972; Pileckis and Vengeliauskait\u0117 1977, 1996; Pileckis et al. 1983, 1994b; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Gaidien\u0117 1993; Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Gruev and D\u00f6berl 1997; Gliaudys 2001; Tamutis and Zolubas 2001; \u0160urkus and Gauril\u010dikien\u0117 2002; Ferenca 2006b; Audisio 2009; D\u00f6berl 2010.nigripes. Kami\u0144ski 1936; Pileckis 1960, 1976a; Le\u0161inskas and Pileckis 1967; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Pileckis et al. 1994b; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Gruev and D\u00f6berl 1997; \u0160urkus and Gauril\u010dikien\u0117 2002; Audisio 2009; D\u00f6berl 2010.ochripes. Kami\u0144ski 1936; Pileckis 1960, 1976a; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Gruev and D\u00f6berl 1997; Audisio 2009; D\u00f6berl 2010.PageBreakstriolata = vittata auct. nec . Kami\u0144ski 1936; Mazurowa and Mazur 1939; Pileckis 1960, 1976a; Le\u0161inskas and Pileckis 1967; Putele 1972; Pileckis and Vengeliauskait\u0117 1977, 1996; Pileckis et al. 1983; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Gaidien\u0117 1993; Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Gruev and D\u00f6berl 1997; \u0160ablevi\u010dius 2000b; Gliaudys 2001; \u0160urkus and Gauril\u010dikien\u0117 2002; Ferenca 2006b; Audisio 2009; Ostrauskas and Ferenca 2010; D\u00f6berl 2010.tetrastigma. Kami\u0144ski 1936; Pileckis 1960, 1976a; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Gaidien\u0117 1993; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Gruev and D\u00f6berl 1997; Audisio 2009; D\u00f6berl 2010.undulataKutschera, 1860. Heyden 1903; Roubal 1910; Ogijewicz 1929, 1931; Kami\u0144ski 1936; Pileckis 1960, 1976a; Le\u0161inskas and Pileckis 1967; Pileckis and Zajan\u010dkauskas 1968; Putele 1972; Pileckis and Vengeliauskait\u0117 1977, 1996; Pileckis et al. 1983, 1994b; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Gaidien\u0117 1993; Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Gruev and D\u00f6berl 1997; \u0160ablevi\u010dius 2000b; \u0160urkus and Gauril\u010dikien\u0117 2002; Ferenca 2006b; Audisio 2009; Ostrauskas and Ferenca 2010; D\u00f6berl 2010.vittula. Pileckis 1960, 1976a; Le\u0161inskas and Pileckis 1967; Putele 1972; Pileckis and Vengeliauskait\u0117 1977, 1996; ; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Gaidien\u0117 1993; Pileckis et al. 1994b; Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Gruev and D\u00f6berl 1997; Tamutis 1999; Ferenca 2006b; Audisio 2009; Ostrauskas and Ferenca 2010; D\u00f6berl 2010.AphthonaChevrolat, 1836.abdominalis. Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Silfverberg 2004.atrocaerulea = cyanella . Heyden 1903; Pileckis 1960, 1976a; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Gruev and D\u00f6berl 1997; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Audisio 2009.cyparissiae]. Known in northern Poland .. Recently discovered in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2011), known in northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland , Belarus (Audisio 2009).. Known in Latvia , Belarus , Poland .. Known in northeastern Poland .. # 85. Known in Latvia (Bukejs 2010a), Estonia, Finland (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , northern Poland .. Known in northern Poland , Latvia (Bukejs 2010a).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Poland .[quadriguttatus]. Known in Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , northern Poland .[reichei]. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , northern Poland , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2003).helianthemi = pusilla Duftschmid, 1825, nec Gyllenhal, 1813. Putele 1972; Pileckis 1976a; Silfverberg 1992, 2004; Pileckis and Monsevi\u010dius 1997; Gruev and D\u00f6berl 1997; Audisio 2009; D\u00f6berl 2010.impressicollis]. Known in Latvia , Poland  recently found in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2011) recently found in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2011).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland  ; recently found in Latvia .. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland , Latvia (Audisio 2009).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Recently found in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2010), known in Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland , Belarus .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland ; recently found in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev and Bukejs 2011).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northeastern Poland , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2003).. Known in eastern Belarus , Poland .. Known in northeastern Poland , doubtful in Latvia (Bukejs 2009b).[nigritarsis]. Known in Latvia (Bukejs 2008), northeastern Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[luteola]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), northern Poland . PageBreak. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995) and northern Poland .. Known in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2003), Belarus , Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), northern Poland .[aurita]. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in northern Belarus .. Known in Belarus (Lopatin and Nesterova 2005), Denmark, southern Sweden (Wanntorp 2009) and Poland (Audisio 2009).. Known in Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2003), northwestern Belarus , northern Poland .. Known in northern Poland .. Known in Belarus (Audisio 2009), Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2003), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005), Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2005b).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (S\u00fcda 2009), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005), Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2005b).. # 88. Silfverberg 2004..Known in Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005), northern and central European Russia .. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).[sericeus]. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005), Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2005b).. Known in Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005), northwestern and central European Russia .. Known in Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , throughout Poland .. Known in Latvia , Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland , northern Belarus .[austriacum]. Known in Latvia , Estonia, Denmark, (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[basicorne = alliariae auct. nec ]. Known in Latvia , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), throughout Poland .[carduorum]. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), throughout Poland  and Belarus .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2010), Denmark (Lundbrg 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), western Belarus .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), throughout Belarus  and Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .[hoffmanni]. Known in northwestern Belarus , southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[oblivium]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2010), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[origani]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1996).[vicinum]. Known in Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in southern Belarus , throughout Poland , Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).[elongatulum. Silfverberg 2004.formaneki]. Known in western Belarus , throughout Poland .[fuscirostre]. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , throughout Poland .. Known in northwestern Belarus .. Known in Latvia , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland . PageBreak[nigritarse]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), throughout Belarus  and Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. # 89.Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Belarus , Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in northern and northwestern Belarus .[meieri]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2010), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).[pubescens]. Known in Latvia , Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), western Belarus , throughout Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005). PageBreak.Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , northern and northwestern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005), Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), probably noted for northwestern Belarus as Apion platalea Germar, 1817 , mistakenly synonymised with Apion punctigerum  by R. Ferenca (2006b).[columbinum]. Known Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland .. Known in northwestern Belarus , throughout Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Poland .[hemisphaericus]. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Estonia, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia , Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995) Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , throughout Poland .[reichii]. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. # 91. Tamutis 2003.. Known northwestern Belarus , northeastern Poland (Smreczynski 1976), Denmark (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus ; Poland .. Known in Estonia, Latvia (Silfverberg 2004), northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Estonia , Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Poland .. Known in Latvia , Belarus , Poland .. Known in Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Estonia, Denmark, southern and central Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Kaliningrad region (Bercio and Folwaczny 1979), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in Estonia, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[stimulosum]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland ..Known in Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).[colligensis]. Known in Latvia , Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), throughout Poland .. Known in Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northern Belarus , Poland .[glabirostris. Tamutis and Pankevi\u010dius 2001.limosus].Known in Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , throughout Poland .. Known in Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .[petro]. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia , Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Silfverberg 2004), Poland .. Known in Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland Smreczy\u0144ski 1974; Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in northwestern Belarus , northern Poland .[thalhammeri]. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Silfverberg 2004), Poland .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), throughout Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), throughut Poland .. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland . PageBreak. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia , Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , throughout Poland .. Known in Latvia ..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), throughout Poland .. Known in Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Estonia, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern and central Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), throughout Poland .. Known in Belarus , throughout Poland .[venedicus]. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland .. Known in Denmark , Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .[thomsoni]. Known in Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Belarus , throughout Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), throughout Poland , Kaliningrad region (Bercio and Folwaczny 1979), Belarus .. Known in Poland , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2002).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), southeastern Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia, Latvia, Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2002), Poland . PageBreak. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).[rugosostriatus]. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Denmark (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005), Belarus (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), eastern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , throughout Poland .. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus .. Known in western Belarus , throughout Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Estonia, Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia , Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia , Poland .. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Denmark (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Poland .[denominanda]. Known in Latvia , Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. # 103.Gaidien\u0117 1993.. Known in northern Belarus , Poland .. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005). PageBreak. Known in northwestern Belarus , Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in southeastern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Silfverberg 2004).. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Denmark, Poland (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a).. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2005b), Poland ..Known in Denmark, Sweden (Alonso-Zarazaga 2009a), Poland ..Known in Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .[minimus]. Known in Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2005b), Poland .. Known in Estonia (S\u00fcda 2006), Denmark, southern and middle Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995)..Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Denmark, southern and middle Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Denmark, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia (Silfverberg 2004), Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995).. # 105. Ferenca 2006b.. Known in Estonia (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Latvia (Telnov 2004), Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus ..Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland .[fagi]. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Kaliningrad region (Alekseev 2005b), Poland .. Known in Estonia, throughout Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , Poland .. Known in Denmark, southern Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Poland (Wanat and Mokrzycki 2005).. Known in Estonia, Sweden (Lundberg and Gustafsson 1995), Belarus , throughout Poland .. Known in Belarus , Poland .[PageBreakRhysodes sulcatus  older than 150 years is known in Lithuania from Tenenbaum\u2019s collections  older than 50 years is documented in Lithuania  are known in Lithuania  is an extinct species in the Kaliningrad region  older than 70 years is known in Lithuania from Palionis\u2019 cards  was misidentified for Asaphidion flavipes  and erroneously noted for Lithuania , Ocydromus fluviatilis  Ocydromus tibialis , Ocydromus decorus , and Ocydromus modestus  have been noted for Lithuania by Marggi et al. (2003b) and Odontium foraminosum is distributed in south European and the southern part of central Europe, so probably these notifications were made in error. OcydromusPageBreakfluviatilis is distributed in the southern and central Europe, northeastern Poland  is known for Lithuania only from the Palionis cards  in Lithuania still missing. 11. Trustworthy data on occurrence of Amara concinna Zimmermann, 1832 in Lithuania still missing. are known in Lithuania  and has not been correctly identified in the past.14. Only few recordsof ithuania . This spChlaenius festivus  is noted for Lithuania by Kirschenhofer (2003). This species is known in southern Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasus. Distribution in the Lithuanian territory is unlikely and the species should be removed from the list of Lithuanian beetles.15. Cryptophonus melancholicus  in Lithuania has been disproved by 16. The occurrence of Harpalus atratus Latreille, 1804 is known in Lithuania probably from the Kaunas T. Ivanauskas\u2019 zoological museum collections  = roubali Schauberger, 1928 in Lithuania still absent. Harpalus dimidiatus (look at #19). Harpalus caspius is known in central and southern Europe and the Near East, so its occurrence in the territory of Lithuania is very doubtful. We suggest the removal of this species from the list of Lithuanian beetles.18. Trustworthy data on occurrence of Harpalusdimidiatus  has been noted for Lithuania by Harpalus roubali Schauberger, 1928. Harpalus dimidiatus is distributed in the southern part of western and central Europe.19. Anisodactylus signatus  is known from the catalogue of entomological collections of Kaunas T. Ivanauskas\u2019 zoological museum  and is erroneously noted for Lithuania by Bradycellus csikii is known in southern Sweden . The state of this species is in dispute  was misidentified for Agabus affinis  and erroneously noted for Lithuania by 24. Ilybius wasastjernae  was misidentified for Agabus sturmii and erroneously noted for Lithuania by 25. Laccornis oblongus  in Lithuania (Vie\u0161vil\u0117s nature reserve) has been noted only once by Monsevi\u010dius (1997), without any detailed information concerning location, habitat and date. But this fact is trustworthy since this species is recorded in all neighbouring territories: Latvia, Belarus, Poland, Kaliningrad region  was recorded for the first time in Lithuania by 28. Stictotarsus (Deronectes) duodecimpustulatus F., and was mentioned in the first checklist of Lithuanian beetles on the grounds of A. Palionis\u2019 cards  until Angus (1977) who proved the substantive status of these taxa. The situation on the occurrence of these species in Lithuania is still unclear. Only Hydrochus elongatus is mentioned in the works of Lithuanian scientists  has been known as synonym of Anacaena limbata  until Anacaena material collected from Lithuania. In fact the data discussed in the previous publications , Helochares griseus  and Helochares obscurus  were muddled for a long time. The clearest version has been suggested by Helochares belongs to Helochares griseus  Helochares griseus and Helochares lividus have been presented as two valid species. The same situation is repeated in the last monograph Lietuvos Fauna. Vabalai  was a variation or synonym of Enochrus quadripunctus  until 34. Some authors suggested that the species PageBreak35. Only one old record of Plegaderus dissectus Erichson, 1839, mentioned more than 130 years ago, is known in Lithuania  = hyperborea  was erroneously noted for Lithuania by Perreau (2004), most likely instead of Leiodes ciliaris . Sogda ciliaris is distributed in northern Europe and so far not known in southern Sweden  and Ptomaphagus medius , to be valid species  is distributed in the southeastern part of Europe, to the north until the central part of Poland, Germany and Belgium , is widely distributed in western and central Europe, known in southern Sweden  in Lithuania is still missing. At present only a few old notes are known for Lithuania  in Lithuania is still missing. The first notification of this species for LithuaniaPageBreak was made by 42. The trustworthy data on the occurrence of Brachygluta sinuata  as a valid species and noted for Lithuania  occurs in the Baltic states. Other authors treated this name as a subspecies of Ptomaphagus haematica   in Lithuania is still missing. There is only one old note of this species for Lithuania  is noted for Lithuania by (Euthia (Scydmaeidae) by 45. uania by 1905\u20131915Aleochara morion Grav. and Tinotus morion Grav. were erroneously treated as two valid species by Tinotus morion .46. Leptusa circellaris Grav. and Evanystes circellaris Grav. have been erroneously treated as two valid species by Geostiba circellaris .47. The two names Taxicera deplanata Gravenhorst, 1802 in Lithuania is still lacking. The first notification was made by 48. Trustworthy data on the occurrence of Amischa analis Grav. and Atheta analis Grav. has been erroneously treated as two valid species by Amischa analis .49. Cephennium thoracicum O.F. M\u00fcller & Kunze, 1822 is first noted for Lithuania by 50. Nevraphes talparum Lokay, 1920 as a synonym of Nevraphes rubicundus . Nevraphes rubicundus wasfirst noted for Lithuania by PageBreakcurrence of this species in Lithuania and suggested that Nevraphes talparum was found in Lithuania. The situation on these two species in Lithuania is still unclear.51. Stenus gallicus Fauvel, 1873 is noted for Lithuania (Vie\u0161vil\u0117s nature rezerve) by Monsevi\u010dius (1997), without any detailed information. This species is known in Latvia  nec  was erroneously noted for Lithuania by 53. Bodilus punctipennis  is noted for Lithuania by Agrilinus sordidus . Bodilus punctipennis must be removed from the list of Lithuanian beetles. This species is distributed in southeastern Europe, northern Africa and the Near East .56. Formerly Ctenicera cuprea (Fabricius 1775) in Lithuania has been disproved by  was noted for Lithuania by 58. Epuraea fageticola Audisio, 1991 as the synonym of Epuraea hilleri Reitter, 1877  in Lithuania implying that the record of this species was not reliable. This species is distributed in the eastern Europe  has been noted for Lithuania by \u0160ablevi\u010dius (2000b). This species is mainly distributed in the Far East, westwards to the Amur region has been mentioned twice but as two valid species: Corticaria hortensis Motsch. and Melanopthalma transversalis Gyll., by 64. Pedinus femoralis  for Lithuania was doubtful  is still questionable. These two species have been presented as valid species by 67. The taxonomical status of Paracorymbia fulva  has been noted for Lithuania by 68. Anastrangalia reyi  is very similar in both morphological and ecological characters to Anastrangalia dubia  and has not been correctly identified in the past. For more comprehensive information on the presence and distribution of these species in Lithuania, all collected material should be revised.69. Leptura aurulenta Fabricius, 1792was misidentified for Leptura quadrifasciata Linnaeus, 1758 and wrongly noted for Lithuania by Leptura aurulenta is known in southern and central Europe and northern Africa. In the north, the distribution range of Leptura aurulenta covers southern and southwestPageBreakern Poland  is noted for Lithuania by Gaidien\u0117 date, but the authors of current paper did not find any confirmation and suggest the removal this species from the list of Lithuanian beetles. This species is distributed in southeastern Europe  has been noted for Lithuania by 72. Clytus rhamni  has been noted for Lithuania by 73. Acanthocinus reticulatus  has been noted for Lithuania by 74. Leiopus femoratus Fairmaire, 1859 was misidentified for Leiopus linnei Wallin, Nylander & Kvamme, 2009 and wrongly noted for Lithuania by Leiopus femoratus is distributed in southern Europe , Asia Minor, northern Iran and the Caucasus , noted as very common for Latvia  and for more comprehensive information about its presence and distribution in Lithuania all collected material of Tetrops praeusta should be revised.76.Callosobruchus chinensis  is noted for Lithuania by 77. Oulema erichsoni  and Oulema septentrionis  were considered as synonyms by some authors was wrongly identified for Cassida murraea Linnaeus, 1767and erroneously noted for Lithuania by Pilemostoma fastuosa should be removed from the list of Lithuanian beetles. However this species is known in Latvia  and erroneously noted for Lithuania   . In factGalerucella nympaeae , Galerucella aquatica (Geoffroy 1785), Galerucella sagittariae  and Galerucella kerstensi Lohse, 1989, which are usually distinguished by their host plants and subtle details of reproductive structures  is noted for Lithuania by Lundberg and Gustafsson (1995) and Galerucella sagittariae  = Galerucella kerstensi Lohse, 1989 is noted by  was noted for Poland, Estonia, Finland, Belarus and Latvia in the previous beetle checklists of neighbouring countries (PageBreaklist of Latvian beetles (Bukejs 2010) as this species was replaced with Longitarsus lewisii , recorded in Latvia by Sifverberg (2004). We suppose that only Longitarsus lewisii could be expected for Lithuania, because Longitarsus scutellaris is distributed mainly in southern and southeastern Europe, Turkey and the Caucasus .86. Epitrix cucumeris  has been noted for Lithuania by 87. Bruchela suturalis  has been treated as an expected species for Lithuania by Bruchela suturalis is still not found in Lithuania.88. Perapion oblongum  was considered to be a synonim of Perapion curtirostre  by some entomologists .90. The taxonomic status of the genus Cionus olivieri Rosensch\u00f6ld, 1838was misidentified for Cionus longicollis Brisout, 1863 and wrongly noted for Lithuania by Cionus olivieri is known in Latvia  and Orchestes calceatus  have been treated as synonyms by 92. Miarus fennicus Kangas 1978 has been presented as distinct species by Lundberg and Gustafsson (1995) and Miarus fennicus Kangas, 1978was placed as a junior synonym ofMiarus campanulae  by 93. Bagoinae has been tentatively simplified by the authors of a recent revision of Palaearctic species .PageBreak They amalgamated all European generic taxa into one genus Bagous divided into a number of monophyletic species groups, not into subgenera.94. Generic classification of the subfamily Hadroplonthus trimaculatus  was identified for Hadroplonthus litura  and wrongly noted for Lithuania by Tamutis (1996). Hadroplonthus trimaculatus  should be removed from the list of Lithuanian beetles. This species mainly distributed in the southern Europe  is noted for Lithuania by 97. Omiamima concinna (Boheman 1834) is noted for Lithuania by Omiamima concinna in Lithuania is unlikely and this species should be removed from the list of Lithuanian beetles.98. Psallidium maxillosum  is noted for Lithuania by 99. Pseudomyllocerus canescens  has been wrongly identified for Phyllobius betulinus  and erroneously noted for Lithuania by  is distributed in southern and central Europe, northward to southern Poland  is noted as a widespread species in Lithuania  has been noted for Lithuania by PageBreak is known for Lithuania only from the Palionis cards (105. is cards , but wasis cards  and Pola"}
{"text": "The word \"microorganism\" is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is \"Anchor-Based Whole Genome Phylogeny (ABWGP): A Tool for Inferring Evolutionary Relationship among Closely Related Microorganisms\" The correct citation is Vishnoi A, Roy R, Prasad HK, Bhattacharya A (2010) Anchor-based whole genome phylogeny (ABWGP): A tool for inferring evolutionary relationship among closely related microorganisms. PLoS ONE 5(11): e14159. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014159"}
{"text": "Lycaon pictus and Cheetahs Acinonyx jubatus through Tourist-based Photographic Surveys in the Kruger National Park.\u201dThe article Title is incorrect. The correct Title is: \u201cEvaluating the Status of African Wild Dogs Lycaon pictus and Cheetahs Acinonyx jubatus through Tourist-based Photographic Surveys in the Kruger National Park. PLoS ONE 9(1): e86265. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086265The correct Citation is: Marnewick K, Ferreira SM, Grange S, Watermeyer J, Maputla N, et al. (2014) Evaluating the Status of African Wild Dogs"}
{"text": "AbstractTrichoteleia Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) are revised: 42 species are recognized, of which two were previously named and are redescribed: Trichoteleia afo Talamas, sp. n., Trichoteleia albidipes Kieffer, Trichoteleia bicolor Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia bidentata Talamas sp. n.; Trichoteleia carinata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia cincta Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia delilah Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia eburata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia echinata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia fisheri Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia funesta Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia halterata Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia hemlyae Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia irwini Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia janus Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia jiro Talamas, sp. n.; T. ketrona Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia levii Talamas & Johnson, sp. n.; Trichoteleia longiventris Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia minima Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia nify Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia oculea Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia orona Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia parvipennis Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia pauliani (Risbec); Trichoteleia picturata Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia prima Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia prolixa Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia quazii Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia ravaka Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia rugifrons Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia solocis Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia sphaerica Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia subtilis Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tahotra Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia takariva Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tezitra Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tigris Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia tonsa Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia warreni Talamas & Masner, sp. n.; Trichoteleia xantrox Talamas, sp. n.; Trichoteleia zuparkoi Talamas & Masner, sp. n. A neotype is designated for Trichoteleia albidipes and a lectotype is designated for Trichoteleia pauliani.The species of the genus  Trichoteleia is an example that fits this pattern with 42 species known only from Madagascar and the surrounding islands. More than half of the species treated in this revision are represented by five or fewer specimens, and many are known from singletons, suggesting that more species remain to be discovered. The extraordinary explosion of species presented in this paper highlights the importance of faunal exploration in Madagascar and other regions with rapidly vanishing biodiversity.The richness and endemicity of Madagascar\u2019s fauna and flora is well documented in a wide variety of organisms. The genus Trichoteleia was described by J. J. Trichoteleia albidipes Kieffer, which was based on a single male specimen collected in Madagascar during an expedition of the German zoologist Alfred Voeltzkow. Alan Dodd described 6 species as Trichoteleia between 1914 and 1920, all of which were eventually transferred to Calliscelio Ashmead  lateral pronotal area.We divide the epomial carina into vertical and dorsal components. The former is not present as external ridge in Trichoteleia, but we use the term metapleural triangle nonetheless to refer to the same anteroventral area of the metapleuron.The following morphological terms are illustrated and labeled to facilitate their use. Definitions and abbreviations follow Antero-admedian lines aal; Axillular carina axc: Central keel ctk; Cervical pronotal area cpa; Dorsal epomial carina depc; Dorsal metapleural area dmpa; , 145Lateral pronotal area lpa; Lateral propodeal area lpar; Mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus shms; Metapleural triangle mtp; Postacetabular sulcus ats; Posterior pronotal sulcus ppsu; , 15Posterior propodeal projection ppp; Morphological terminology otherwise follows PageBreakunique identifier or the red holotype label. The numbers prefixed with \u201cOSUC \u201d and \u201cCASENT \u201d are unique identifiers for the individual specimens (note the blank space after the acronyms). Details on the data associated with these specimens may be accessed at the following link, purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/hol, and entering the identifier in the form.The locality data reported for primary types are not a literal transcription of the labels: some abbreviations are expanded; additional data from the collectors is also included. The holotypes should be unambiguously identifiable by means of the www.morphbank.net), the latter also contains collections of images organized by plate. All new species have been prospectively registered with Zoobank (Hymenoptera Name Server (hns.osu.edu). Life sciences identifiers, lsids, may be resolved at the URLs specified in the footnotes or at lsid.tdwg.org.The species descriptions are generated by a database application, vSysLab (purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/vSysLab), designed to facilitate the generation of taxon by character data matrices, to integrate these with the existing taxonomic and specimen-level database, and to export the data both as text and as input files for other applications. The output is in the format of \u201cCharacter: Character state(s).\u201d Images were produced using AutoMontage extended-focus software. The individual images are archived at the image database at The Ohio State University (purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/specimage) and with MorphBank ; male antenna with tyloid on A5.PageBreakin dorsal view transverse to subspherical; vertex smooth to coarsely sculptured; hyperoccipital carina absent; occipital carina usually well developed and continuous medially; lateral ocellus contiguous with inner orbit of compound eye or distinctly separated from it, OOL less than or equal to diameter of lateral ocellus; compound eye large, setose; frons shallowly concave to slightly convex, usually with central keel; interantennal process present, large; antennal foramen very large; submedian carina absent; orbital carina present or absent; lower frons, laterad of orbital carina, with fanlike striae; lower frons between orbital carina and interantennalPageBreakpresent; lateral face of pronotum slightly to moderately concave below dorsal epomial carina, facing anterolaterally; pronotal setal patch present, accompanied by striate or rugulose sculpture; netrion present, glabrous, moderately wide, open or closed ventrally; anterior margin of mesoscutum weakly to strongly flexed ventrally to meet pronotum; mesoscutum pentagonal in outline, posterolateral corner rounded; parapsidal line visible; notaulus present, percurrent or incomplete and reaching mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus as a row of punctures; skaphion absent; transscutal articulation well-developed; mesoscutellum transverse, narrowing laterally, posterior margin convex to straight; axilla small, dorsal margin sinuate; metanotum short, metascutellum sparsely to moderately setose, clearly differentiated, apex bifid to bispinose; plical area densely setose; lateral propodeal carina and plica well developed, forming triangular to quadrate lateral propodeal area; mesopleural depression well developed; anterior half of mesopleural carina present; posterior half of mesopleural carina present, absent or indicated by rows of punctures; anteroventral portion of mesepisternum coarsely sculptured to smooth; sternaulus not distinguishable; postacetabular foveae not distinguishable; mesopleural pit present, distinct; anterior margin of ventral portion of mesepisternum and acetabular carina transverse, not extended forward between forecoxae; mesepimeral sulcus indicated by dorsoventral line of punctures or crenulae; posterodorsal corner of mesepimeron prominent, rounded or angulate, not produced into sharp posteriorly directed tooth; mesopleuron with a strong longitudinal ledge or row of robust longitudinal carinae below subalar pit, dorsally delimiting mesopleural furrow; anteroventral portion of metapleuron continuous with lateral face; metapleural triangle often setose; metapleural epicoxal carina present or absent; metapleural epicoxal sulcus absent; paracoxal sulcus present as a dorsoventral line of cells or punctures; metapleural sulcus present; metapleural pit present or absent; posterior margin of metapleuron narrowly lamellate; legs not unusually proportioned; posterior surface of hind coxa smooth, sparsely setose to glabrous; trochantellus absent; tibial spur formula 1-1-1; tarsal formula 5-5-5; pretarsal claws simple.in dorsal view longer than wide, in lateral view longer than high; pronotum in dorsal view strip-like to moderately broad laterally, anterolateral corners rounded to angulate; transverse pronotal carina present or absent; lateral pronotum without vertical epomial carina but usually with distinct transition line between sculptured cervical pronotal area and smooth lateral pronotal area; dorsal epomial carina hyaline to infuscate, often banded or patterned; Sc+R  straight basal to intersection with Rs+M , curved costad apically; R  present, shorter than r ; R1  as long as r or longer; bulla absent; no other tracheate veins in forewing; M+Cu and Rs+M indicated by folds or pigmentation; M , Cu , and Rs usually present as folds or lines of faint pigmentation; hindwing with tracheate portion of R present and reaching anterior margin; three hamuli present.Scelio-type.PageBreakgenerally flattened dorsally; female with 6 terga, 6 sterna visible externally, male with 8 terga, 7 sterna visible externally; submarginal ridge well-developed, defined by narrow laterotergites to form submarginal rim; no spiracles visible; anterior part of T1 laterally compressed, with lateral depression filled with fine setae; T2 with transverse sulcus; female T6 without median raised field of microsetae or secretion; basal transverse ridge on S2 present; lateral S2 with longitudinal depression filled with fine setae; ovipositor tubular, Trichoteleia may be distinguished from other genera of Scelioninae by the combination of the following characters: eyes setose; facial striae absent between orbital carina and interantennal process, R1  as long as r  or longer; metascutellum bifid to bispinose, setose; lateral T1 and S2 with patches of dense fine setae.Trichoteleia exhibit remarkable diversity in size, patterns of sculpture and color, and relative proportions of the body. The variety of sizes and shapes found in this genus suggest a corresponding diversity of host species. No host has been recorded, but the species of Trichoteleia are suspected to parasitize the eggs of ground crickets (Gryllidae). This assumption is based on the putative relation of this genus to Paridris, which has one documented host association with Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister .The species of Platygastroidea, such setation is rare, and is otherwise known to the authors only in Chromoteleia Ashmead, Romilius Walker, one species of Paridris Kieffer, one species of Triteleia Kieffer and two species in the subfamily Teleasinae.The shape of the metascutellum is particularly plastic. It may be present as two large spines , an apicTrichoteleia is endemic to Madagascar, the Comoros and the island of Mayotte.Trichoteleia takariva, Trichoteleia carinata). Male body length: 2.56\u20132.80 mm (n=21). Color of head: dark orange, becoming brown at vertex; orange throughout. Central keel of frons: present, ending above interantennal process. Sculpture of medial frons in female: smooth. Sculpture of medial frons in male: smooth. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Basal node on mandible: present. Sculpture of frons below median ocellus: punctate rugulose throughout; punctate rugulose laterally, smooth medially. Sculpture of posterior vertex: densely punctate; moderately punctate, rugose posterior to eyes and posterior ocellus. Occipital rim: comprised of small to miniscule cells. Sculpture of gena: punctate rugose; dorsoventrally strigose. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.PageBreak fine punctures throughout. Postacetabular sulcus: comprised of large cells; comprised of small cells. Mesopleural carina: present. Sculpture along ventral half of prespecular sulcus: coarsely punctate. Sculpture of posterolateral mesepisternum: coarsely punctate. Sculpture of ventral surface of mesepisternum: moderately punctate. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent. Setation of metapleural triangle: moderately dense. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: punctate rugose. Posterior margin of metapleuron below propodeal spiracle: straight to moderately convex. Color of legs: basal tibia and tarsomeres white, otherwise brown.orange throughout. Color of mesosoma in male: variably red to black. Sculpture along posterior pronotal sulcus: rugulose. Notaulus: smooth furrow incomplete, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as row of punctures. Sculpture of medial mesoscutum: smooth and sparsely punctate posteriorly, densely punctate and transverely rugulose anteriorly. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth with sparseblack. Color of metasoma in male: dark brown to black throughout. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: straight. Sublateral tergal carina on T2: absent. Microsculpture on T2: absent. Microsculpture on T3: absent. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Horn on T1 in female: absent. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: reticulate rugose throughout. Macrosculpture of medial T3 in female: reticulate rugose. Macrosculpture of lateral T3 in female: reticulate rugose. Macrosculpture of medial T4 in female: punctate rugose; reticulate. Macrosculpture of lateral T4 in female: punctate rugulose. Punctation of T4 in female: moderately dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Punctation of T5 in female: sparse along midline, otherwise dense. Shape of T5 in female: width of posterior margin greater than or equal to length. Microscupture on T6 in female: absent. Sculpture of T6 in female: smooth with sparse moderate sized punctures. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: reticulate rugose throughout. Macrosculpture of medial T3 in male: reticulate rugose. Macrosculpture of lateral T3 in male: reticulate rugose. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: rugulose throughout. Punctation of T4 in male: moderately dense throughout. Macrosculpture of T5 in male: absent. Punctation of T5 in male: dense throughout. Sculpture of S2: coarsely punctate throughout. Prominent longitudinal median carina on S2: absent.macropterous, apex or forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Color of forewing in female: hyaline with transverse infuscate band medially. Color of forewing in male: hyaline with transverse infuscate band medially. Color of hind wing: hyaline throughout. Density of setation in fore wing: uniform throughout. Density of setation in hind wing: uniform throughout. Length of R1: more than 1.5 times as long as r. M+Cu and RS+M in forewing: spectral.Trichoteleia jiro in color pattern, size, and habitus. It may be distinguished by the coarse reticulate rugose sculpture of T2\u2013T3 . Paratypes: MADAGASCAR: 21 females, 30 PageBreakmales, CASENT 2042214, 2042915\u20132042916, 2043326\u20132043327, 2043339, 2043391, 2043512\u20132043513, 2043775\u20132043781, 2043783, 2133948, 2134576, 2134804, 2134839, 2136213\u20132136217, 2136577, 2136579, 2136582, 2136589, 2136598\u20132136599, 2136603, 2137670, OSUC 143327 (CASC); OSUC 143344, 186062 (CNCI); CASENT 2042728, 2137960, OSUC 143325, OSUC 143326, OSUC 143328, OSUC 143330, OSUC 143331, OSUC 143332, OSUC 143342, OSUC 143343, OSUC 143345, OSUC 186063, OSUC 186064, OSUC 186065 (OSUC).Holotype, female: Kiefferurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1335620B-6439-47E8-AE58-D1292D033DE1urn:lsid.biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5507Trichoteleia albidipes Hymenoptera reports that the type species of the genera of Scelioninae described by Kieffer are not present. We conclude that this material was probably lost as a consequence of damage to that institution in World War II. We believe that the establishment of a neotype for Trichoteleia albidipes is highly desirable in order to stabilize interpretation of the genus Trichoteleia. Kieffer\u2019s original description contained three characters that, in combination, we believe enable us to identify this species among the examined specimens. These are: cheeks with striae meeting medially at vertex, T2\u2013T3 finely longitudinally striate, and mesopleuron horizontally striate. The collection locality of the neotype is less than 50 miles from that of the original holotype specimen. No host data are known for Trichoteleia, therefore it is impossible to be certain that the neotype parasitizes the same host as the lost holotype. In accordance with article 75 of the Code, specimen CASENT 2132453 (deposited in CASC) is designated as the neotype of Trichoteleia albidipes.In the introduction of the paper in which this species was described, 2.57\u20133.25 mm (n=19). Male body length: 2.36\u20132.94 mm (n=6). Color of head: dark brown to black. Central keel of frons: present, extending onto interantennal process. Sculpture of medial frons in female: smooth. Sculpture of medial frons in male: smooth. Number of mandibular teeth: three. Basal node on mandible: present. Sculpture of frons below median ocellus: punctate throughout with a groove parallel to orbital carina. Sculpture of posterior vertex: concentrically rugose. Sculpture of gena: coarsely striate. Basiconic sensillum on A7: absent.PageBreak dorsal pronotum. Notaulus: percurrent, reaching suprahumeral sulcus as a smooth furrow. Sculpture of medial mesoscutum: moderately punctate in posterior half, becoming denser anteriorly. Sculpture of mesoscutellum: smooth with sparse fine punctures throughout. Postacetabular sulcus: comprised of small cells. Mesopleural carina: present; present only in anterior half. Sculpture along ventral half of prespecular sulcus: longitudinally striate. Sculpture of posterolateral mesepisternum: smooth; smooth except for 1 or 2 striae parallel to mesopleural carina. Sculpture of ventral surface of mesepisternum: smooth. Setation of ventral metapleural area: absent. Setation of metapleural triangle: sparse. Sculpture of metapleural triangle: smooth; finely punctate. Posterior margin of metapleuron below propodeal spiracle: with blunt kink near intersection with metapleural sulcus. Color of legs: coxae and trochanters yellow, otherwise pale brown, hindlegs the darkest.dark brown to black. Color of mesosoma in male: dark brown to black. Sculpture along posterior pronotal sulcus: striate, striae reachingColor of metasoma in female: dark brown to black throughout. Color of metasoma in male: dark brown to black throughout. Posterior margin of transverse sulcus on T2: strongly convex. Sublateral tergal carina on T2: absent. Microsculpture on T2: present. Microsculpture on T3: present. Microsculpture on T4: absent. Horn on T1 in female: present as a large, apically rounded protuberance. Macrosculpture of T2 in female: longitudinally striate throughout; weakly longitudinally striate throughout. Macrosculpture of medial T3 in female: weakly longitudinally striate; longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of lateral T3 in female: longitudinally striate; weakly longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of medial T4 in female: absent. Macrosculpture of lateral T4 in female: weakly longitudinally strigose; absent. Punctation of T4 in female: absent in medial third, sparse laterally; sparse throughout. Macrosculpture of T5 in female: absent. Punctation of T5 in female: moderately dense throughout; dense throughout; absent along midline, otherwise dense. Shape of T5 in female: width of posterior margin greater than or equal to length. Microscupture on T6 in female: absent. Sculpture of T6 in female: smooth with sparse fine setigerous punctures throughout. Macrosculpture of T2 in male: longitudinally striate throughout. Macrosculpture of medial T3 in male: weakly longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of lateral T3 in male: longitudinally striate. Macrosculpture of T4 in male: longitudinally strigose laterally; absent. Punctation of T4 in male: sparse throughout. Macrosculpture of T5 in male: absent. Punctation of T5 in male: moderately dense throughout. Sculpture of S2: longitudinally striate anteriorly, smooth posteriorly. Prominent longitudinal median carina on S2: absent.Wings: macropterous, apex or forewing extending beyond posterior margin of T3. Color of forewing in female: slightly infuscate throughout. Color of forewing in male: slightly infuscate throughout. Color of hind wing: slightly infuscate throughout. Density of setation in fore wing: uniform throughout. Density of setation in hind wing: uniform throughout. Length of R1: more than 1.5 times as long as r. M+Cu and RS+M in forewing: nebulous.Trichoteleia from all others. It is similar to Trichoteleia irwini and to Trichoteleia ketrona in the concentric rugosity of the posterior vertex and gena.The striae that extend from the posterior margin of the lateral pronotum to the mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus  distinguhttp://hol.osu.edu/map-large.html?id=5507]PageBreak[MADAGASCAR: Antsiranana Auto. Prov., #1938, Manongarivo Special Reserve, 13\u00b059.9'S 48\u00b025.7'E, 1175m, 20.X.1998, B. L. Fisher, OSUC 181061 (deposited in CASC). Other material: MADAGASCAR: 1 female, OSUC 266091 (CASC).Holotype, female:"}
{"text": "A comprehensive CMR exam was developed for evaluating right ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery (PA), and was tested on 25 PA hypertension (PAH) patients. Standard non-CMR measurements were also collected. Comprehensive statistical analysis was conducted to study relationships between parameters, parameters\u2019 significance, and data redundancy and reduction. The results showed strong correlations between most RV and PA parameters; and between most MRI parameters and gold standard PA pressure. In conclusion, RV and PA are coupled and affected in PAH. Both entities should be evaluated and interpreted together.Pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension (PAH) is characterized by elevated PA pressure (PAP), which increases right ventricular (RV) afterload. Although PAP is the gold standard for evaluating PAH, it is the RV condition that predicts patient survival. However, there is insufficient data about the relationship between RV and PA in PAH. The goal of this study is to investigate this relationship using CMR.Cine (RV cardiac index (CI), LV EF, ventricular vol index (VVI), ventricular mass index (VMI), right atrium (RA) size, MPA diameter, lunar index (LI) ); SENC ; Tricuspid Flow  filling); and PA Flow (pulse wave velocity (PWV), distensibility, accel-to-eject (a/e) time, flow rate, mean velocity). Mean PAP (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), tricuspid jet velocity (Tri JV), 6 minute walk (6MW), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) results were obtained. Parameters were divided into 3 groups: RV ; PA ; and Measurements . Comprehensive statistical analysis included: Correlation (within- and across-groups); Regression ; and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) (data reduction). Multiple regression used backward deletion (mPAP is dependent variable).25 PAH patients, confirmed by cath, were scanned on 3T Siemens scanner. A comprehensive CMR exam was developed (~30 minutes) that included cine, strain-encoded (SENC), and flow (across main PA (MPA) and tricuspid valve) images. Image processing was conducted to obtain these parameters: strong correlations with ; moderate correlations with (CI); and weak correlations with . In regression analysis, the following parameters were eliminated in this order: RV group ; PA group ; both PA and RV groups for estimating mPAP . PCA analysis resulted in: RV group ; PA group ; Measurements .Fig.2 shows color-coded correlation map between all parameters, which shows different degrees of correlations. Correlation analysis results came in agreement with regression and PCA analyses. Strongly correlated within-group parameters reflected data redundancy. Weakly correlated parameters reflected parameters\u2019 non-specificity. PA parameters showed RV and PA are coupled and their functions are affected in PAH. Both entities should be evaluated and interpreted together for more understanding of disease pathophysiology and better diagnosis and treatment.James & Esther King Grant # 09KN-03-23138."}
{"text": "The current capitalization of letters in the term \"tDCS\" in the title is incorrect. The correct title is: \"Bilateral Bi-Cephalic tDCS with Two Active Electrodes of the Same Polarity Modulates Bilateral Cognitive Processes Differentially.\" The correct citation is: Klein E, Mann A, Huber S, Bloechle J, Willmes K, et al. (2013) Bilateral Bi-Cephalic tDCS with Two Active Electrodes of the Same Polarity Modulates Bilateral Cognitive Processes Differentially. PLoS ONE 8(8): e71607. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071607."}
{"text": "Reference number 36 refers to the incorrect work. The correct reference is the following:Dingwell JB, John J, Cusumano JP (2010) Do Humans Optimally Exploit Redundancy to Control Step Variability in Walking? PLoS Comput Biol 6(7): e1000856. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000856"}
{"text": "Lonicera japonica has been used as natural and healthy drink for its anti-inflammatory effect and pleasant odor in China and Taiwan.The Lonicera japonica-induced CH27 cell apoptosis. The fluorescent dyes MitoTracker Red CMXRos, calcein AM and JC-1 were used to elucidate mitochondrial function. The protein expression was performed by Western blotting. Fluorescent image of endoplasmic reticulum was accomplished by using ER-Tracker Green. This study used fluorescent dye CM-H2DCFDA to detect intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species.2D electrophoresis was used to analyze the proteins involved in photoactivated Lonicera japonica caused a significant effect on the mitochondrial function and ER stress in CH27 cells. The reactive oxygen species producing was found to be involved in photoactivated Lonicera japonica-induced CH27 cell apoptosis.The identified proteins can be classified into three major groups, which include proteins involved in mitochondrial function, cytoskeleton-related proteins and proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Photoactivated Lonicera japonica-induced CH27 cell apoptosis. We also demonstrated that ethyl acetate fraction of Lonicera japonica extracts caused photocytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner in CH27 cells. This could explain the fact that the ethyl acetate fraction of Lonicera japonica extracts may contain compounds which exhibit the photosensitizing activity in CH27 cells.Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are the integral targets in photoactivated  Lonicera japonica flower is called Jin Yin Hua in China and Taiwan. Jin Yin Hua is often used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat excess heat conditions such as fevers, skin rashes and sore throat. Therefore, Jin Yin Hua has been used as natural and healthy drink for its anti-inflammatory effect and pleasant odor. Recently, the mechanisms of Lonicera japonica in anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activity have been reported -1-propanesulfonate; CH27 cells: Human lung squamous carcinoma cell line; CM-H2DCFDA: 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-20,70-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate; DMEM: Dulbecco\u2019s modified Eagle\u2019s medium; DMSO: Dimethylsulfoxide; DTT: Dithiothreitol; EGTA: Ethylene glycol bis(b-aminoethylether)-N,N,N\u2019,N\u2019-tetraacetic acid; ER: Endoplasmic reticulum; EtOAc: Ethyl acetate; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; HSP: Heat shock protein; IEF: Isoelectric focusing; IgG: Immunoglobulin; JC-1: 5,5\u2032,6,6\u2032-tetrachloro-1,1\u2032,3,3\u2032-tetraethylbenzimidazolocarbocyanine iodide; MAPKs: Mitogen-activated protein kinases; MMP: Mitochondrial membrane potential; MPT: Mitochondrial permeability transition; MTT: 3--2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; PAGE: Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; PDI: Protein disulfide isomerase; PDT: Photodynamic therapy; PMSF: Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; ORP150: 150\u00a0kDa oxygen-regulated protein; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate; UPR: Unfolded protein response.BuOH: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.LHZ designed the study, conducted the experiments and wrote the manuscript. LHZ, LJC and CWT helped to wrote the manuscript. LHZ, LJC, CWT, LYH and HMJ performed the experiments and analyzed the data. LJC and CWT equally contributed to this work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/13/244/prepub"}
{"text": "In the title, the word \"Suspicion\" was omitted. The full, correct title can be found below:Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacteremia in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Hospitalized with Severe Sepsis in Uganda\u2013High Frequency, Low Clinical Suspicion and Derivation of a Clinical Prediction ScoreThe full, correct citation can be found below:Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacteremia in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Hospitalized with Severe Sepsis in Uganda\u2013High Frequency, Low Clinical Suspicion and Derivation of a Clinical Prediction Score. PLoS ONE 8(8): e70305. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070305Jacob ST, Pavlinac PB, Nakiyingi L, Banura P, Baeten JM, et al. (2013)"}
{"text": "Corticosteroids (CS) are commonly used for the treatment of children with rheumatic diseases (RD) at presentation or relapse; the dose is reduced or discontinued with disease improvement. The aim of this study was to examine the dose-related effect of CS on the timing of peak body mass index (BMI) in children with RD and the degree of restitution to pre-CS BMI.We used data from the Steroid Associated Osteoporosis in the Pediatric Population (STOPP) Canadian Incidence Study for patients >age 2 years with RD from enrolment to 18 months after CS initiation. We grouped patients according to clinically meaningful CS starting doses . CS starting doses were defined as high (\u2265 1.00 mg/kg/d), moderate (0.20 to 0.99 mg/kg/d) and low (<0.20 mg/kg/d to a maximum of 7.50 mg/d). We developed a mixed effects growth curve model as a non-parametric estimate of average BMI z-score trajectory, estimated using cubic splines, a type of robust polynomial regression.Data was available for 114 of 136 subjects . Median study-entry age was 10 years (inter-quartile range 6-14 years). Diagnoses were: juvenile idiopathic arthritis (38.2%), systemic lupus erythematosus (15.4%), juvenile dermatomyositis (22.1%), and other RD (24.3%). CS starting dose was high in 57.2%, moderate in 39.8% and low in 3%. BMI peaked at about 4 months after CS initiation .Natalie Shiff: None; Rollin Brant: None; David A. Cabral: None; Jaime Guzman: None; Peter B. Dent: Roche , 6; Janet E. Ellsworth: None; Kristin M. Houghton: None; Adam Huber: None; Roman Jurencak: None; Bianca A. Lang: None; Maggie Larche: None; Claire M.A. LeBlanc: None; Paivi M. Miettunen: None; Kiem G. Oen: None; Johannes Roth: None; Claire Saint-Cyr: None; Rosie Scuccimarri: None; Leanne M. Ward: None; the Canadian STOPP Consortium: None."}
{"text": "Under physiological conditions, intracellular and tissue levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are carefully controlled and employed as fine modulators of signal transduction, gene expression and cell functional responses . A significant derangement in redox homeostasis, resulting in sustained levels of oxidative stress and related mediators, plays a role in the pathogenesis of human diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, chronic activation of wound healing and tissue fibrogenesis, including chronic liver diseases. In this chapter major concepts and mechanisms in redox signaling will be briefly recalled to introduce a number of selected examples of redox-related mechanisms that can actively contribute to critical events in the natural history of a chronic liver diseases, including induction of cell death, perpetuation of chronic inflammatory responses and fibrogenesis. A major focus will be on redox-dependent mechanisms involved in the modulation of phenotypic responses of activated, myofibroblast-like, hepatic stellate cells (HSC/MFs), still considered as the most relevant pro-fibrogenic cells operating in chronic liver diseases. Although severe oxidative stress may contribute to the progression of CLDs by eliciting parenchymal cell death, a significant derangement in redox homeostasis, resulting in sustained levels of oxidative stress and related mediators, is believed to play a major role in sustaining chronic inflammatory response as well as chronic activation of wound healing, with hepatic MFs representing ideal target cells exhibiting not only pro-fibrogenic but also pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties.2O2: hydrogen peroxide; JNKs: c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases; LPO: lipid peroxidation; MCP-1: monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MDA: malonyldialdehyde; MFs: myofibroblasts; NAFLD: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; NASH: non-alcoholic steatohepatitis; NF-kB: nuclear factor-kappa B; NO: nitric oxide; NOS: NO synthases; O2\u2022-: superoxide anion; \u2022OH: hydroxyl radical; 8-OH-dG: 8-hydroxy-deoxy-Guanidine; ONOO-: peroxynitrite; RNS: reactive nitrogen species; PDGF: plateled derived growth factor; PTPs: protein tyrosine phosphatises; RIP: Receptor interacting protein; ROS: reactive oxygen species; TGF\u03b21: transforming growth factor \u03b21; TLR: Toll-like receptors; TNF: tumor necrosis factor; UPR:unfolded protein response; VEGF: vascular growth factor.ARE: antioxidant responsive element; CLDs: chronic liver diseases; DR: death receptors; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinases; FFAs: free fatty acids; HAKs: 4-hydroxy-2,3-alkenals; HBV: hepatitis B-virus; HCV: hepatitis C-virus; HNE: hydroxy-2,3-nonenal; HThe authors declare that they have no competing interests."}
{"text": "There is an error in reference 21. The correct reference is: Takeda H, Farsiu S, and Milanfar P (2007) Kernel Regression for Image Processing and Reconstruction, IEEE Trans Image Process, 16( 2): 349-366."}
{"text": "There were multiple capitalization errors in the article title.The correct title is: \"Competence-Independent Activity of Pneumococcal EndA Mediates Degradation of Extracellular DNA and NETs and is Important for Virulence\".The correct citation is: Zhu L, Kuang Z, Wilson BA, Lau GW (2013) Competence-Independent Activity of Pneumococcal EndA Mediates Degradation of Extracellular DNA and NETs and is Important for Virulence. PLoS ONE 8(7): e70363. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070363"}
{"text": "AbstractMegachile subgenus Litomegachile are revised with a review of the species morphology, biology, and plant associations. A new species, Megachile pankus, is described and illustrated. Megachile mendica snowi Mitchell is elevated to species. Megachile var. nupta Cresson and Megachile texana var. cleomis Cockerell are synonymized with Megachile brevis and Megachile texana, respectively. An illustrated key for Litomegachile is also provided.The species of  Litomegachile is a subgenus of Megachile Latreille, a large genus including leafcutting and resin bees. Leafcutting bees are solitary and get their name from their habit of using leaf pieces and other plant materials to form the lining of their nests , with distinct cutting edge between 2nd and 3rd teeth, sixth sternum with apical margin not upturned, scopal hairs uniformly covering ventral surface, and metasomal sterna lacking apical fringes of white hair separates them from other Megachile.ir nests . AlthougMegachile brevis Say, 1837, Megachile coquilletti Cockerell, 1915, Megachile gentilis Cresson, 1872, Megachile mendica Cresson, 1878, and Megachile texana Cresson, 1878, and six infraspecific taxa: Megachile mendica var. snowi Mitchell, 1927, Megachile brevis var. onobrychidis Cockerell, 1908, Megachile brevis var. nupta Cresson, 1872, Megachile brevis var. pseudobrevis Mitchell, 1936, Megachile texana var. cleomis Cockerell, 1900,and Megachile texana var. lippiae Cockerell, 1900. There is a questionable record from Peru, that Mitchell named Megachile buchwaldi Mitchell, but it was never described and no type was ever designated (Raw 2004), so it is a nomen nudum. Megachile of Canada in which he raised Megachile onobrychidis, Megachile lippiae and Megachile pseudobrevis to species level.Specimens from Mexico identified as Megachile onobrychidis and other unidentified specimens were found to be a new species, Megachile pankus, described below .Morphological terminology and measurements follows that of PageBreak carina is a structure in males at the functional apex of the metasoma. It arises from the medial discal area of T6 and terminates in a notched or irregularly jagged edge .Megachile lanuginosa Smith, 1853: 190. Syntypes male, female, USA: Florida (BMNH).Megachile nuptaMegachile perbrevis Cresson, 1878: 127. Lectotype male, USA: Texas (USNM). Cresson, 1872: 268.Lectotype female, USA: Texas (USNM). Megachile brevis most closely resembles Megachile onobrychidis, Megachile pseudobrevis, and Megachile coquilletti. The female can be separated from these species by the combination of the ivory colored scopa, with a few black setae apically on S6, and with a small PageBreakamount of white appressed pubescence apically on T6 ; Colorado: Weld County (Sep.); Idaho: Bingham County (Jun.); Nebraska: Dawes County (Aug.); New Mexico: Eddy County (Oct.); Nevada: Churchill County (Jun); New York: Suffolk County (Aug.); Oklahoma: Marshall and Oklahoma Counties (Apr.); Oregon: Jackson County (Sep.); Texas: Gregg and Tyler Counties (Jun.-Sep.); Utah: Garfield and Washington Counties (Apr.-Sep.); 67 females, 68 males.Megachile brevis including a description of nest making, provisioning and development. Megachile brevis flies during the warmest parts of the year, with two to four generations per year, depending on locality and resources. It disperses widely from its natal site. Michener found that flower sources used by this species are diverse, but female bees tend to have a preference for blue, purple and white flowers, and a general faithfulness to a single type of pollen per collecting trip. Megachile brevis nested in a variety of situations, always nesting in preexisting hollows, including stems, burrows of other insects, dense foliage or spaces between rocks , and wasps, including Aprostocetus coelioxydis Burks (Eulophidae), Leucospis affinis affinis Say (Leucospidae) and Melittobia chalybii Ashmead (Eulophidae) .en rocks . He also instars . MegachiAilanthus sp. (Simaroubaceae), Amorpha canescens (Fabaceae), Baptisia sp. (Fabaceae), Cassia chamaecrista (Fabaceae), Centaurea jacea (Asteraceae), Erigeron philadelphicus (Asteraceae), Fagopyrum esculentum (Polygonaceae), Fallugia paradoxa (Rosaceae), Gossypium sp. , Grindelia squarrosa (Asteraceae), Helianthus maximiliani (Asteraceae), Helianthus tuberosus (Asteraceae), Heliopsis scabra (Asteraceae), Kuhnistera purpurea (Fabaceae), Kuhnistera oligophylla (Fabaceae), Lactuca pulchella (Asteraceae), Machaeranthera tanacetifolia (Asteraceae), PageBreakgareMarrubium vul (Lamiaceae), Medicago sativa (Fabaceae), Melilotus alba (Fabaceae), Melilotus officinalis (Fabaceae), Mentzelia sp. (Loasaceae), Meriolix serrulata (Onagraceae), Oxalis violacea , Phyla incisa (Verbenaceae), Polygonum aubertii (Polygonaceae), Polygonum hydropiperoides (Polygonaceae), Psoralea floribunda (Fabaceae), Schrankia uncinata (Fabaceae), Solidago canadensis (Asteraceae), Solidago nemoralis (Asteraceae), Solidago rugosa (Asteraceae), Symphoricarpos occidentalis (Caprifoliaceae), Trifolium hybridum (Fabaceae), Vernonia baldwinii (Asteraceae).Megachile brevis is the type species of the subgenus Litomegachile. It ranges across North America, north to southern Saskatchewan, Canada, and south into Mexico. There is also a record from as far south as northern Costa Rica (not shown on map) ( on map)   .Cockerell, 1915http://species-id.net/wiki/Megachile_coquillettiMegachile mendica coquillettiMegachile coquilletti can be distinguished by the combination of a mandible with an even concavity in between teeth 3 and 4, and a slightly concave T6. It resembles Megachile gentilis, which has an angulation between teeth 3 and 4 of the mandible, and Megachile brevis, which has a much more concave T6 and much less black scopal setae on S6. Male Megachile coquilletti are easily distinguished from other Litomegachile by the foreleg with bicolored tarsomeres; the first 4 apical tarsomeres are yellow, contrasting with the darker basitarsus ; Nevada: Clark, Humboldt and Lincoln Counties (May-Jul.); Texas: Fayetteville County (Sep.); Utah: Cache, Garfield and Washington Counties (May-Aug.); 42 females, 105 males.Megachile coquilletti was collected in trap nests along the Cosumnes River south of Sacramento, California (lifornia .Asclepias speciosa (Asclepiadaceae), Cirsium vulgare (Asteraceae), Medicago sativa (Fabaceae), Polygonum aubertii (Polygonaceae), Salix sp. , Salvia sp. (Lamiaceae), Solidago sp. (Asteraceae), Tamarix sp. (Tamaricaceae). coquilletti is a western North American species .Megachile palmarum Perkins, 1899: 114. Syntypes male female, USA: Hawaii (Repository?).Megachile murinella Cockerell, 1908: 263. Holotype female, USA: New Mexico (USNM).Megachile gentilis closely resembles Megachile mendica. The males of the two species can only be separated by two characters. In Megachile gentilis, the punctures on T6 are nearly contiguous creating the appearance of small ridges, with shiny surface almost completely obscured, and T2 has an apical fringe of white hair, while the fringe is absent in Megachile mendica. The females are slightly easier to differentiate. Megachile gentilis has a very slightly concave S6, with black pubescence and some erect setae basally. Megachile mendica has brown appressed pubescence and no erect setae. Also, Megachile gentilis has black scopal setae on S6 and basally on S5, while Megachile mendica has black setae only apically on S6. Megachile gentilis females also resemble Megachile coquilletti females. These can be differentiated by the angulate mandible of Megachile gentilis ; Utah: Washington County (May); Texas: Brewster County (May). MEXICO: Chihuahua and Sonora (Sep.); 103 females, 188 males.USA: Arizona: Cochise, Pima and Santa Cruz Counties (Apr-Sep); California: Contra Costa, Mariposa Mendocino, TuolumneMegachile gentilis will nest in trap nests. Tetrastichus megachilidis Burks (Eulophidae), Trichodes horni Wolcott & Chapin (Cleridae), Anthrax atriplex Marston (Bombyliidae), and Anthrax irroratus Say(Bombyliidae).Clarkia biloba (Onagraceae), Eriodictyon sp. (Boraginaceae), Gaillardia pulchella (Asteraceae), Melilotus alba (Fabaceae), Parkinsonia sp. (Fabaceae), Polygonum aubertii (Polygonaceae).Megachile gentilis is a western North American species, though records occur from eastern Texas, and populations are established in Hawaii .Megachile schismatura Cockerell, 1908: 267. Lectotype female, USA: New Mexico (USNM). New synonymy.Megachile lippiae are distinguished from Megachile texana by looking at features of the metasoma in dorsal view. Megachile lippiae has black setae laterally only on T5-6 and sometimes a few black setae on T4 ; California: Los Angeles, Riverside and Yolo Counties (Jun.-Sep.); New Mexico: Hidalgo County (Aug.); 59 females, 68 males.Asclepias sp. (Asclepiadaceae),Cevallia sinuata (Loasaceae), Eriodictyon angustifolium (Boraginaceae),Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae),Lupinus sp. (Fabaceae),Melilotus alba (Fabaceae),Prosopis sp.(Fabaceae), Verbesina encelioides (Asteraceae).Megachile lippiae was originally described as a subspecies of Megachile texana . It was raised to species level by Megachile lippiae is primarily a western North American species, though records exist from eastern localities .Megachile mendica closely resembles Megachile gentilis. The females can be distinguished by difference in the T6 structure and pubescence color, and scopa color. Female Megachile mendica have a very straight T6 in profile, and slightly concave laterally inPageBreak dorsal view. The appressed pubescence on T6 is brownish in color. The scopa is yellowish, distinguishing it from other Litomegachile females which have a pale ivory colored scopa. An exception is Megachile pankus, which also has a yellow scopa, but it can be separated by its concave T6 in contrast with the straight T6 of Megachile mendica. The male Megachile mendica can be distinguished from Megachile gentilis by the distance between punctures on T6. Megachile mendica punctures occur roughly 0.25\u20130.5 the width of a puncture apart so that you can see the shiny discal surface in between ; West Virginia: Hampshire County (Jul.); Washington D.C. (Jun.-Oct.); 25 females, 42 males.USA: Arkansas: Pulaski County (Sep.); Delaware: New Castle County; Florida:Alachua and Monroe Counties (Jul.-Aug.); Georgia: Liberty County (Jun.); Illinois: Cook County (Aug.); Kansas: Douglas County (Aug.); Kentucky: Wayne County (Jul.); Maryland: Anne Arundel and Montgomery Counties (Jul.-Sep.); Missouri: Lapeer County(Jul); Mississippi: Oktibbeha County (Jun.); North Carolina: Pender County (Sep.); New Jersey: Atlantic and Burlington Counties (May.-Aug.); New York: Kings and Westchester Counties(Aug.); Oklahoma: Marshall County (Apr.); South Carolina: Chesterfield County (Sep.); Texas: Maverick County (May); Virginia: Clarke, Loudoun, Page and Shenandoah Megachile mendica seems to be flexible in its choice of nesting sites across different habitats. When it nests in trap nests, it prefers a cavity diameter of around 8 mm, which is also preferred by Megachile brevis , Megachile mendica nests are known to be parasitized by the flies Anthrax irroratus irroratus (Bombyliidae) and Megaselia sp.(Phoridae)  .Amorpha fruticosa (Fabaceae), Aster paniculatus (Asteraceae), Balduina angustifolia (Asteraceae), Bidens alba (Asteraceae), Calamintha ashei (Lamiaceae), Centaurea jacea (Asteraceae), Cephalanthus occidentalis (Rubiaceae), Chrysanthemum leucanthemum (Asteraceae) Pityopsis graminifolia (Asteraceae), Conoclinium coelestinum (Asteraceae), Eupatoriadelphus maculatus (Asteraceae), Flaveria linearis (Asteraceae), Helenium amarum (Asteraceae), Helianthus divaricatus (Asteraceae), Helianthus tuberosus (Asteraceae), Lavandula dentata (Lamiaceae), Medicago sativa (Fabaceae), Melilotus alba (Fabaceae), Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Vitaceae), Phaseolus sp. (Fabaceae), Psoralea floribunda (Fabaceae), Polygonum hydropiperoides (Polygonaceae), Rhus glabra (Anacardiaceae), Rubus sp. (Rosaceae), Silybum sp. (Asteraceae), Solidago serotina (Asteraceae), Tephrosia virginiana (Fabaceae), Vicia floridana (Fabaceae).Megachile mendica is distributed across North America south to Zacatecas, Mexico, though it was considered more of an eastern species by Mitchell (1934) (l (1934) .Cockerell, 1908 http://species-id.net/wiki/Megachile_onobrychidisMegachile onobrychidis Cockerell, 1908: 266 Holotype male, USA: New Mexico (CAS).Megachile onobrychidis is best distinguished from other species in this subgenus by the lack of a white tomentum on T6.The female Megachile onobrychidis resembles Megachile brevis, but with entirely black setae on S6 and apically on S5, and no pale appressed pubescence on T6.The male Female. Body length9\u201312 mm. Mandible 4-toothed with no angulation on surface between teeth 3 and 4 ; California: Calaveras, Colusa Contra Costa, Humboldt, Imperial, Lake, Lassen, Los Angeles, Mendocino, Merced, Modoc, Monterey, Napa, Nevada, Orange, Placer, Plumas, Riverside, Sacramento, San Bernardino, Shasta, Siskiyou, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Tehama, Tuolumne, Tulare, Yolo and Yuba Counties (May-Oct.); Idaho: Canyon County (Aug.); Nevada: Churchill, Elko, Humboldt, Lyon and Washoe Counties (Jun.-Aug.); Oregon: Cassia and Jackson Counties (Jun.-Jul.); Utah: Cache and Wasatch Counties (Jun.-Aug.); MEXICO: Sinaloa, Sonora. 126 females, 193 males.Asclepias speciosa (Asclepiadaceae), Calothamnus sp. (Myrtaceae), Clarkia biloba (Onagraceae), Clarkia dudleyana (Onagraceae), Clarkia unguiculata (Onagraceae), Dalea polydenia (Fabaceae), Daucus sp.(Apiaceae), Grindelia camporumPageBreak (Asteraceae), Lactuca pulchella (Asteraceae), Mentzelia sp. (Loasaceae), Phacelia sp. (Hydrophyllaceae), Polygonum aubertii (Polygonaceae).Megachile brevis. It was elevated to species level by urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:80ED5270-BA6B-42C8-AB4B-AEFA7A531D7Ahttp://species-id.net/wiki/Megachile_pankusHolotype female: MEXICO: Hidalgo, Pachuca, 11 Jun 1935, R. M. and G. E. Bohart (BBSL). Paratypes: 1 female: MEXICO: Sonora, Alamos, 4 Sep 1991 (AMNH), 1 female: MEXICO: Sinaloa, Mazatlan 28 Oct 1969 (BBSL); 1 female: MEXICO: Sinaloa, 4 mi NW Choix, 31 Aug 1968 (BMEC); 1 female: MEXICO: Sinaloa, 6 mi NW Choix, 6 Aug 1968 (BMEC).Megachile pankus is unique among Litomegachile species because the female has a mandible with an angulation between teeth 3 and 4, and T6 is basally convex and apically concave. No other species in the subgenus has this combination of characters. The female Megachile onobrychidis has similar metasomal features, but has morePageBreak black setae on S6, while Megachile pankus has only a few black setae on T6. It can also be further distinguished from Megachile onobrychidis and Megachile brevis by the angulation between teeth 3 and 4 of the mandible. T6 is convex basally and concave apically in profile, and concave laterally in dorsal view, which distinguishes it from Megachile mendica or Megachile gentilis.PageBreakginal crossvein angled parallel to medial vein, second submarginal crossvein angulate; distance from distal edge of stigma to wing base 0.7\u00d7 distance from wing base to distal edge of marginal cell; hindwing with jugal lobe that does not extend past cubital cell; LTJ 0.3\u00d7 HWL; LTV 0.5 \u00d7 HWL .Mitchell, 1934http://species-id.net/wiki/Megachile_pseudobrevisMegachile brevis pseudobrevis Mitchell, 1934 Holotype female, USA: Florida (NCSU).Megachile pseudobrevis closely resembles Megachile brevis and Megachile onobrychidis. The differences between Megachile pseudobrevis and Megachile brevis are slight. Female Megachile pseudobrevis has less black appressed pubescence on T6 than Megachile brevis. Also the scopa of Megachile pseudobrevis has less black setae than Megachile onobrychidis, with black setae being restricted to S6. Megachile pseudobrevis has more black setae than Megachile brevis, which has often only a few black setae apically on S6.Female. Body length9\u201311 mm. Mandible 4-toothed, with no angulation between teeth 3 and 4 ; 14 females, 16 males.Megachile pseudobrevis nesting in tufts of grass, creating nests of single cells. Megachile pseudobrevis preferred the commonest flowering plant Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae) at the site as a source for cutting nesting material, but also used petals from Eustoma exaltatum (Gentianaceae).Nests were parasitized by the meloid beetle Nemognatha punctulata LeConte , Bidens pilosa (Asteraceae), Eriogonum tomentosum (Polygonaceae), Eustoma exaltatum (Gentianaceae), Lupinus cumulicola (Fabaceae), Vitex agnus castus (Verbenaceae).Megachile pseudobrevis was originally described as a variety of Megachile brevis. It was raised to species level by Mitchell, 1927stat. n.http://species-id.net/wiki/Megachile_snowiMegachile mendica snowi Mitchell, 1927:113 Holotype female, USA: Arizona (MCZ).Megachile snowi is distinguished from Megachile mendica in males by the presence of a complete apical fringe of white hair on T5. Megachile mendica has little or no apical fringe of white hair on T5. Female Megachile snowi have white appressed pubescence on T6, and the few black scopal setae of S6 are only found apically. Megachile mendica has brown pubescence on T6, and S6 has more black setae.Female. Body length 11\u201313 mm. Mandible 4-toothed, with surface between teeth 3 and 4 angulate ; Colorado: Boulder County (May-Jun.); New Mexico: Catron County (Jul.); Utah: Cache, Garfield, Kane and Salt Lake Counties (May-Aug.); MEXICO: Zacatecas.17 females, 35 males.USA: Arizona: Cochise County (Aug.-Sep.); California: Cirsium sp. (Asteraceae), Helianthus sp. (Asteraceae), Melilotus alba (Fabaceae).Megachile mendica . It is raised to species level herein, based on reliable morphological characters distinguishing it from Megachile mendica, and an overlapping range with the latter .Megachile generosa Cresson, 1878: 125. Holotype female, USA: Georgia (ANSP).Megachile cleomis Cockerell, 1900: 13. Lectotype female (here designated), \u201cUSA: NM, E. Las Vegas, July 15 \u201899 Collector: A. Garlick, on Cleome\u201d (UCMC).Megachile pruinosa Friese, 1903: 246. Syntypes male female, (Repository?). Nec. Perez 1897.Megachile vernonensis Cockerell, 1912: 354. Holotype male, CANADA: British Columbia (Repository?).Megachile texana is most similar to Megachile lippiae in size and appearance. The chief differences are pubescence coloration and some structural differences in the transverse carina on T6 of the male. Megachile texana females have more black setae and pubescence apparent laterally on T2-T6 than Megachile lippiae which only has black setae on T4-T6. Megachile texana males also have black pubescence on the mesonotum and T2, while Megachile lippiae has only white pubescence. Both Megachile lippiae and Megachile texana have a transverse carina on T6 with a distinct deep medial notch and jagged projections. PageBreakThese carina projections tend to be shorter in Megachile texana, whereas the carina of Megachile lippiae often has long \u201cfingerlike\u201d projections. Megachile texana,Female. Body length11\u201314 mm. Mandible 4-toothed, with no angulation between teeth 3 and 4 ; California: Mariposa, Riverside, Tuolumne and Trinity Counties (Apr.-Jul.); Florida: Alachua, Putnam and Duval Counties (Jun.-Oct.); Mississippi: Oktibbeha County (May); New Mexico: Eddy County (Aug.); New York: New York County (Jun.); Nevada: Clarke, Lincoln and Washoe Counties (Jun.); South Carolina: Chesterfield and Dorchester Counties (May); Texas: Brewster County (Apr.); Utah: Cache, Garfield, Tooele and Washington Counties (Jun.-Sep.); MEXICO: Puebla. 46 females, 57 males.Megachile texana utilizes existing nesting sites in the ground and under rocks (er rocks . Observaer rocks .Arctostaphylous patula (Ericaceae), Asclepias speciosa (Asclepiadaceae), Asclepias syriaca (Asclepiadaceae), Baptisia sp. (Fabaceae)., Blephilia ciliata (Lamiaceae), Calamintha ashei (Lamiaceae), Dalea pinnata (Fabaceae), Erigeron divergens (Asteraceae), Erysimum asperum (Brassicaceae), Hemerocallis sp. (Liliaceae), Dalea candida (Fabaceae), Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae), Medicago sativa (Fabaceae), Melilotus alba (Fabaceae), Mentzelia sp. (Loasaceae), Opuntia sp. (Cactaceae), Phacelia heterophylla (Hydrophyllaceae), Phaseolus limensis (Fabaceae), Ptelea trifoliata (Rutaceae), Ratibida columnaris (Asteraceae), Rhus glabra (Anacardiaceae), Streptanthus sp. (Brassicaceae), Tephrosia virginiana (Fabaceae), Trifolium hybridum (Fabaceae), Viguiera stenoloba (Asteraceae), Vitex agnus castus (Verbenaceae).Megachile cleomis is one of the synonyms of Megachile texana. It was originally described by Cockerell in Megachile snowi. The female is herein designated as the lectotype for Megachile cleomis, which remains in synonymy with Megachile texana. This situation illustrates the importance of correctly assigning holotypes. Megachile texana is a widespread species which is found across North America ( America .Litomegachile. There are issues regarding types that need to be resolved. Locating types is made easier through the databasing of collections, and there is still more to be done. Repositories for Megachile palmarum, Megachile pruinosa, and Megachile vernonensis are unknown. Neotypes were not designated for Megachile brevis, which appears to be missing a holotype, presumed destroyed. The neotype was not designated because of the possibility that it could be in a collection and simPageBreakply unaccounted for. A lectotype was designated by Cresson in 1916 for Megachile mendica but it was not located and so was not examined. Distribution maps and locality data can be greatly refined and expanded. The maps provided here only represent a portion of available collection data. As material from more collections are reliably identified and databased, records that are accurate and available to researchers will greatly improve this field of study. Knowledge of the nesting behavior, ecology, and plant associations of this group remains incomplete. Again, acquisition of additional data will aid compilation of host plant records and more detailed analysis of plant relationships. Additional collecting trips and review and identification of specimens in collections may reveal more diversity. Megachile pankus was uncovered in current collections. The male of Megachile pankus is unknown, and it is likely that there are more species to be discovered in tropical southern ranges of this group. A phylogeny using molecular and morphological data would further clarify the relationships between the species of this group.There is more work to be done with"}
{"text": "AbstractTautoneura Anufriev from China, Tautoneura baiyunshana sp. n., Tautoneura caoi sp. n. and Tautoneura yunnanensis sp. n. A key to species recorded from China is provided.In the present paper, three new species are added to the genus  Tautoneura Erythroneurini (Typhlocybinae) with Tautoneura tricolor Anufriev, 1969 as its type species. The genus consists of fifty-one species distributed in the Oriental and Palaearctic Regions. So far, twelve species in Tautoneura have been reported from China. A key to Chinese species PageBreakand a species checklist of Tautoneura from China are provided. In this paper, three new species are described and illustrated from Henan, Yunnan and Gangsu Provinces of China. All specimens examined are deposited to the Institute of South China Karst, Guizhou Normal University (ISCK) and Insititute of Entomology, Guizhou University (IEGU), Guiyang, China.The leafhopper genus The specimens were obtained by sweep net method and were studied under Olympus SZX7 and CX41 microscopes. Morphological techniques and terminology follow Anufriev, 1969Tautoneura Erythroneura  Dworakowska, 1970 : 290Erythroneura (Havelia) Ahmed, 1971 : 182Tautoneura tricolor Anufriev, 1969Body small, about 2.0\u20133.0 mm, usually yellow or light yellow. Head bluntly produced medially, slightly narrower than pronotum or equal to greatest width of pronotum. Median length of vertex equal to or longer than length between eyes. Some species with more rounded anterior margin of vertex. Pronotum broad, often with irregular patches or spots; scutellum nearly triangular. Forewings usually with red markings or spots.Pygofer lobe broad, usually with several macrosetae at basal lower angle and some short stout setae in distal part of lobe on inner surface, peg-like. Dorsal appendage of pygofer long, tapering apically, movably articulated with pygofer lobe. Some species have ventral appendage. Aedeagus usually with large dorsal apodeme and one or two pairs of processes of variable length at apex of shaft. Style slender, with slim \u201cneck\u201d subapically, and prominent preapical lobe. Connective nearly M- or Y-shaped, central lobe well developed, as long as or little shorter than lateral arms. Shape of anal tube appendage diverse, but that of most species hook-like at apex.PageBreakPalaearctic and Oriental Regions.Song, Li & Xiong sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:87B96B3F-18A7-4F49-A9B4-B3D42863ECC4PageBreak , but can be distinguished from the latter by the paired long processes arising from subapex of shaft Holotype, male, China: Gansu Province, Zhenyuan County, 19 May 2010, coll. WEI CAO. Paratypes: seven males, ten females, same data as holotype.Tautoneura ahmedi The new species is distinguishable from This sepcies is named after its collector.Tautoneura (Havelia) ahmedi Tautoneura (Havelia) alba  IndiaTautoneura (Tautoneura) albida  albida . China (PageBreakTautoneura (Tautoneura) arachisi . China (Taiwan)Tautoneura (Havelia) bellula Tautoneura (Tautoneura) bena Tautoneura (Havelia) baiyunshana Song, Li & Xiong, sp. n. China (Henan)Tautoneura (Havelia) caoi Song, Li & Xiong, sp. n. China (Gansu)Tautoneura (Havelia) choui Tautoneura (Tautoneura) deska (a) deska . SamoaTautoneura (Tautoneura) dubiosa Tautoneura (Tautoneura) dubiosissima PageBreakTautoneura (Tautoneura) dukara Tautoneura (Tautoneura) eda Tautoneura (Tautoneura) erythropunctata  IndiaTautoneura (Tautoneura) ficaria Dworakowska, 1984. India; SingaporeTautoneura (Tautoneura) formosa ( formosa . China (Tautoneura (Tautoneura) fusca (a) fusca . China (Tautoneura (Tautoneura) incisa Tautoneura (Tautoneura) indefinita (definita . SamoaTautoneura (Tautoneura) japonica Dworakowskam 1972. JapanTautoneura (Tautoneura) kira Tautoneura (Tautoneura) klara Tautoneura (Tautoneura) leucothoe . Fiji; SamoaTautoneura (Tautoneura) longiprocessa Tautoneura (Havelia) maculosa Sohi, Mann & Shenhmar, 1987. IndiaTautoneura (Havelia) manica Thapa, 1989. NepalTautoneura (Tautoneura) marthae . FijiTautoneura (Tautoneura) mayarami Mathew & Ramakrishnan, 1996. IndiaTautoneura (Tautoneura) misrai Tautoneura (Tautoneura) mori . China Tautoneura (Tautoneura) mukla Tautoneura (Havelia) multimaculata Song & Li, 2009. China (Guizhou).Tautoneura (Tautoneura) mureda Tautoneura (Tautoneura) napa Tautoneura (Tautoneura) ochreleuca Thapa, 1984. NepalTautoneura (Havelia) panthera Tautoneura (Tautoneura) panti Tautoneura (Havelia) pewna Sohi & Mann, 1992. NepalTautoneura (Tautoneura) prima Tautoneura (Tautoneura) redama Tautoneura (Tautoneura) sanguinalis . IndiaTautoneura (Tautoneura) secunda Tautoneura (Tautoneura) sinica  sinica . China (Tautoneura (Tautoneura) smocza Tautoneura (Tautoneura) takaonella (kaonella . China (Tautoneura (Havelia) tricolor Tautoneura (Tautoneura) tripunctula . China Tautoneura (Havelia) unicolor Tautoneura (Havelia) yunnanensis Song, Li & Xiong, sp. n. China (Yunnan)Tautoneura (Tautoneura) zembata Tautoneura (Tautoneura) zizypha Thapa, 1984. NepalTautoneura (Tautoneura) zobra Tautoneura (Havelia) zygina"}
{"text": "Recent genome-wide studies suggested that in addition to genetic variations, epigenetic variations may also be associated with differential gene expression and growth vigor in plant hybrids. Maize is an ideal model system for the study of epigenetic variations in hybrids given the significant heterotic performance, the well-known complexity of the genome, and the rich history in epigenetic studies. However, integrated comparative transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses in different organs of maize hybrids remain largely unexplored.Here, we generated integrated maps of transcriptomes and epigenomes of shoots and roots of two maize inbred lines and their reciprocal hybrids, and globally surveyed the epigenetic variations and their relationships with transcriptional divergence between different organs and genotypes. We observed that whereas histone modifications vary both between organs and between genotypes, DNA methylation patterns are more distinguishable between genotypes than between organs. Histone modifications were associated with transcriptomic divergence between organs and between hybrids and parents. Further, we show that genes up-regulated in both shoots and roots of hybrids were significantly enriched in the nucleosome assembly pathway. Interestingly, 22- and 24-nt siRNAs were shown to be derived from distinct transposable elements, and for different transposable elements in both shoots and roots, the differences in siRNA activity between hybrids and patents were primarily driven by different siRNA species.These results suggest that despite variations in specific genes or genomic loci, similar mechanisms may account for the genome-wide epigenetic regulation of gene activity and transposon stability in different organs of maize hybrids. The chromatin states and genome activity in eukaryotes are regulated by a variety of different epigenetic mechanisms, mainly DNA methylation, histone modifications, and the RNA interference pathway -3. DNA mArabidopsis .McrBC-seq, ChIP-seq and sRNA-seq, see Additional file For the methods used in the analysis of data from mRNA-seq, 1: First filial generation; FDR: False-discovery rate; gDNA: Genomic DNA; GO: Gene Ontology; H3K36me3: Histone H3 tri-methylated at lysine 36; H3K4me3: Histone H3 tri-methylated at lysine 4; H3K9ac: Histone H3 acetylated at lysine 9; MACS: Model-based analysis of ChIP-seq; McrBC-seq: McrBC sequencing; miRNA: MicroRNA; MPV: Mid-parent value; mRNA: Messenger RNA; mRNA-seq: mRNA sequencing; PCR: Polymerase chain reaction; RdDM: RNA-directed DNA methylation; RPKM: Aligned reads per kilobase exon model (or genic region: or genomic region) per million mapped reads; siRNA: Small interfering RNA; SNP: Single-nucleotide polymorphism; sRNA: Small RNA; sRNA-seq: sRNA sequencing; TE: Transposable element; TSS: Transcription start site; TTS: Transcription termination site.cDNA: Complementary DNA; ChIP-seq: Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing; EST: Expressed sequence tag; FThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.XWD conceived of the project. XWD, XL and GH designed the experiments. GH, XL, MY, LL and YQ performed the experiments. GH, BC, XW, HH and LL conducted data analyses. GH, JL, LL, XW and XWD prepared the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Table S1: Summary of total reads obtained from all sequencing libraries.Click here for fileFigures S1 to 11. Figure S1: Mean levels of exons and introns in shoots and roots of reciprocal hybrids. Figure S2: Distribution of H3K36me3 levels within and around differentially expressed genes. Figure S3: Experimental validation of methylated DNA regions by genomic bisulfite sequencing. Figure S4: A representative genomic region on maize chromosome 1 showing integrated maps of transcription and epigenetic modifications. Figure S5: Tree view of hierarchical clustering of H3K9ac and H3K36me3 levels. Figure S6: Relationships of variations in H3K36me3 and gene expression between organs and between genotypes. Figure S7: Functional categories of genes upregulated in shoots and roots of hybrids. Figure S8: Correlation of allelic expression bias between shoots and roots of Mo17 \u00b4 B73. Figure S9: Coverage of 21 nt, 22 nt, and 24 nt siRNA clusters in and around protein-coding genes. Figure S10: Distribution of 21 nt and 22 nt siRNA clusters on maize chromosome 1. Figure S11: Correlation between 22 nt siRNAs and DNA-methylation levels at the same genomic loci.Click here for fileTables S2 and 3. Table S2: List of genes showing expression variation in shoots and roots of maize hybrids. Table S3: Number of small RNA reads associated with known maize microRNAs.Click here for fileSupplemental methods. Details of data processing and analyses.Click here for file"}
{"text": "The fundamental building units of the structure are LiO4 polyhedra , and the Li/Eu atoms are coordinated by eight O atoms in a distorted square-antiprismatic manner.The title compound, Li DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812000268/ru2018Isup2.hklStructure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF reportAdditional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "Sequencing of individual clones from a newly established cDNA library from the chemoresistant Hodgkin's lymphoma cell line L-1236 led to the isolation of a cDNA clone corresponding to a short sequence from chromosome 1. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction indicated high expression of this sequence in Hodgkin's lymphoma derived cell lines but not in normal blood cells. Further characterization of this sequence and the surrounding genomic DNA revealed that this sequence is part of a human endogenous retrovirus locus. The sequence of this endogenous retrovirus is interrupted by a pseudogene of the dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed high expression of this pseudogene (DUSP5P1) in HL cell lines but not in normal blood cells or Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B cells. Cells from other tumor types  also showed a higher DUSP5P1/DUSP5 ratio than normal cells. Furthermore, we observed that higher expression of DUSP5 in relation to DUSP5P1 correlated with the expression of the pro-apoptotic factor B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2-like 11 (BCL2L11) in peripheral blood cells and HL cells. Knock-down of DUSP5 in HL cells resulted in down-regulation of BCL2L11. Thus, the DUSP5/DUSP5P1 system could be responsible for regulation of BCL2L11 leading to inhibition of apoptosis in these tumor cells. Vice versa, the identification of such factors might also allow the reduction of toxic treatment elements for patients with favorable disease characteristics.The prognosis for patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) has been improved constantly during the last decades Using DNA microarray analysis, we characterized the gene expression profile of HL cell lines with different sensitivity for cytotoxic drugs and identified transcripts which are present only in resistant cells Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from anonymous healthy donors and patients with HL were isolated with written informed consent and approval by the ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of the Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg.HL cell lines L-1236 EcoR1, phosphorylation of EcoR1 ends and digestion with XhoI, cDNA was fractionated by sepharose CL-2B gel filtration. Fractions with high cDNA concentration and the expected cDNA size were ligated into the vector pCMV-Script. After ligation, vectors were transformed into XL10-Gold ultracompetent cells and the primary library was amplified at 30\u00b0C. After plating on agarose plates, random clones were analyzed by restriction digest with NotI.Total RNA was isolated from cell line L-1236 by using Trizol reagent  following the manufacturer's protocol. Thereafter, mRNA was enriched starting from 650 \u00b5g of total RNA by using the \u00b5MACS mRNA isolation kit . The cDNA library was generated by using the pCMV-Script XR cDNA library construction kit  with slight modifications. In short, 4.5 \u00b5g mRNA was subjected to first strand cDNA synthesis in a total volume of 45 \u00b5l for 1 hour at 42\u00b0C. After addition of 20 \u00b5l 10\u00d7 second strand buffer, 6 \u00b5l second strand dNTP mixture, 116 \u00b5l sterile water, 2 \u00b5l RNase H (1.5 U/\u00b5l), and 11 \u00b5l DNA polymerase I (9 U/\u00b5l), second strand synthesis was performed at 16\u00b0C for 2.5 hours. Blunt ending and adapter ligation was performed according to manufacturer's instructions. After digestion with SalI, serially diluted 1\u223610 and used as templates for quantitative PCR. A typical result is shown in \u2212\u0394\u0394ct method RNA from HL cell lines, LCL, PBMC, and additional tumor cell lines was isolated by using Trizol reagent  following the manufacturer's protocol. For reverse transcription the following enzymes have been used: (i) SuperScript II RT (Invitrogen), (ii) M-MLV RT, RNase H(-) point mutant , and (iii) RevertAid H Minus RT . After reverse transcription of 2 \u00b5g of RNA, PCR was performed as described elsewhere In silico promoter analysis and protein structure prediction was performed with NNPP2.2 Sequencing of pCMV-Script vector inserts was performed as described Vector-based knock-down of DUSP5 in L428-cells was performed by using the BLOCK-iT POL II miR RNAi expression vector kit with EmGFP  according to manufacturer's instructions. For this end, the two oligonucleotides 5\u2032-TGC TGA TGG TAG GCA CTT CCA AGG GTA GTT TTG GCC ACT GAC TGA CTA CCT TGG GTG CCTA CCA T-3\u2032 (top strand) and 5\u2032-CCT GAT GGT AGG CAC CCA AGG TAG TCA GTC AGT GGC CAA AAC TAC CTT GGA AGT GCC TAC CAT C-3\u2032 (bottom strand) were annealed and cloned into the vector pcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR. After transfection of L-428 cells with this vector or the empty control vector, global gene expression was analyzed by using Affymetrix HG_133A microarrays essentially as described E. coli and plated on agar plates for determination of ligation efficiency. Individual E. coli colonies were arbitrarily chosen for further characterization of the transformed vectors. Vectors were isolated, digested (linearized) with NotI, and analyzed on agarose gels. As shown in We established a cDNA library from HL cell line L-1236. After ligation of cDNA fractions with the cloning vector, individual ligation reactions were transformed in We asked whether the DUSP5P1 gene and additional segments of the ERV were also expressed in HL cells. For this end, we designed additional primers corresponding to segments 2 and 3 of ERVK_1q42.13 see . As showIn silico promoter prediction indicated that transcription of DUSP5P1 most likely starts 44 base pairs up-stream of the sequence with high homology to DUSP5. Such transcripts allow the translation of a polypeptide corresponding in part to the substrate binding domain of DUSP5 surrounding the putative substrate binding site  pathway which is inhibited by members of the dual specificity phosphatase family. We asked whether the expression of DUSP5 and subsequent inhibition of the ERK pathway has an influence on expression of BCL2L11 in HL cells. According to DNA microarray data, HL cells have relatively low signal intensities for BCL2L11 compared to normal cells . Using qHL is a lymphoproliferative disease with unclear pathogenesis. At the molecular level, activation of the nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells (NFKB) signaling pathway has been identified as important mechanism for HL pathogenesis Recently, activation of the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) by activation of an endogenous retrovirus in HL cells has been described in vivo has to be determined. The predicted polypeptides consist only of the regulatory domain of a typical DUSP family member and a catalytic domain will not be present. Only for this domain of DUSP5 the structure has been determined One possible function of expressed pseudogenes is interference with the activity of the genes from which the pseudogenes are derived. DUSP5P1 is not the only DUSP5 pseudogene in the human genome, suggesting that DUSP5 was frequently involved in genetic rearrangements during human evolution. DUSP5 is involved in T-cell development Taken together, we found high expression of DUSP5P1 and low expression of the DUSP5 target BCL2L11 in HL cells. Whether there is a functional connection between these two observations or whether this is only a coincidence requires further investigations. The specificity of DUSP5P1 and ERV transcripts for HL cells might allow the development of methods for detection of minimal residual disease. Circulating HL cells can be present in the peripheral blood of patients with high tumor burden Figure S1Determination of efficiency of quantitative PCR. (A) Representative standard curves. Serial 1\u223610 dilutions of SalI digested vectors with cloned DUSP5, DUSP5P1, BCL2L11 or GAPDH inserts were used as templates for quantitative PCR with target-specific primers. Linear regression was performed with Microsoft Excel. Dilution 1 corresponds to 1.65 pmol DUSP5P1, 2.32 pmol DUSP5, 0.51 pmol BCL2L11 or 0.50 pmol GAPDH target/tube; dilution 2 corresponds to 165 fmol DUSP5P1, 232 fmol DUSP5, 50.8 fmol BCL2L11 or 50 fmol GAPDH target/tube; dilution 3 corresponds to 16.5 fmol DUSP5P1, 23.2 fmol DUSP5, 5.08 fmol BCL2L11 or 5.04 fmol GAPDH target/tube; dilution 4 corresponds to 1.65 fmol DUSP5P1, 2.32 fmol DUSP5, 508 attomol BCL2L11 or 504 attomol GAPDH target/tube; dilution 5 corresponds to 165 attomol DUSP5P1, 232 attomol DUSP5, 50.8 attomol BCL2L11 or 50.4 attomol GAPDH target/tube. (B) The slopes m of the curves were used for calculation of efficiencies E according to E\u200a=\u200a10\u22121/m\u22121. Presented are means and standard deviations from 2 independent experiments.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.Figure S2Expression of DUSP5P1 and DUSP5 in HL cell lines. Presented are results from a quantitative RT-PCR (means and standard deviations from 3 experiments) with primers with specificity for DUSP5 and DUSP5P1. cDNA from HL cell lines and normal PBMC was used as template for PCR. For calculation of expression values, molar amounts of transcripts were calculated on the basis of the standard curves in (TIF)Click here for additional data file.Figure S3Expression of DUSP5, DUSP5P1 and BCL2L11 in HL cells and normal tissues. Presented are signal intensities form DNA microarray data form HL samples (red bars) and a panel of normal samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus data base (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gds). The following data sets were used (from left to right): na\u00efve B cells: GSM312870, GSM312872, GSM312874, GSM312875, GSM312876; memory B cells: GSM312877, GSM312879, GSM312882, GSM312883, GSM312886; centrocytes: GSM312887, GSM312890, GSM312893, GSM312894, GSM312895; centroblasts: GSM312937, GSM312938, GSM312939, GSM312940, GSM312941; plasma cells: GSM312942, GSM312943, GSM312944, GSM312945, GSM312946; ovary: GSM175789, GSM176131; breast: GSM175792, GSM175795; synovial membrane: GSM175810, GSM175811; heart atrium: GSM175814, GSM175815; heart ventricle: GSM175817, GSM175819; coronary artery: GSM175820, GSM175821; stomach cardiac: GSM175822, GSM175823; dorsal root ganglia: GSM175825, GSM175827; ventral tegmental area: GSM175829, GSM175831; cervix GSM175833, GSM176130; omental adipose tissue: GSM175834, GSM175836; nipple cross section: GSM175838, GSM175840; amygdala: GSM175842, GSM175844; putamen: GSM175846, accumbens: GSM175849, GSM175851; cerebellum GSM175852, GSM176157; corpus callosum: GSM175855, GSM175857; frontal lobe: GSM175859, GSM175860; hippocampus: GSM175861, GSM175987; parietal lobe: GSM175862, GSM175864; spinal cord: GSM175865, GSM175867; subthalamic nucleus: GSM175869, GSM175870, substantia nigra: GSM175871, GSM175873; temporal lobe: GSM175874; GSM175876; vagina: GSM175878, GSM176129; saphenous vein: GSM175879, GSM175880; skeletal muscle: GSM175882, GSM175883; thalamus: GSM175885, GSM175887; trigeminal ganglia: GSM175889, GSM175891; superior vestibular nuclei: GSM175893, GSM175894; tongue superior with papillae: GSM175896, GSM175898; tongue main corpus: GSM175900, GSM176014; midbrain: GSM175901, GSM175903; prostate GSM175923, GSM175924; thymus gland: GSM175973, GSM176262; bone marrow: GSM175974, GSM176300; trachea: GSM175980, GSM175981; small intestine jejunum: GSM175982; colon cecum: GSM175983; GSM175984; skin: GSM175993; putamen: GSM176020; mammary gland: GSM176231, GSM176232; fallopian tube: GSM176239; aorta: GSM176263, GSM176264; small intestine jejunum: GSM176265; skin: GSM176267, joint tissue synovium: GSM176268, GSM176269; penis: GSM176270, GSM176271; human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC): GSM176298, GSM176299; deltoid muscle: GSM176301, GSM176312; substantia nigra pars compacta: GSM176393, GSM176401; substantia nigra reticulata: GSM176395, GSM176402; internal gloubus pallidum: GSM176436, GSM176445; external gloubus pallidum: GSM176447, GSM176448; thalamus subthalamic nucleus: GSM176451, GSM176453; thalamus lateral nuclei: GSM176452, GSM176454; bronchus: GSM80578, GSM80579; subcutaneous adipose tissue: GSM80589, GSM80590; adrenal gland cortex: GSM80606, GSM80607; cerebral cortex: GSM80651, GSM80652; endometrium: GSM80672, GSM80673; kidney cortex: GSM80687, GSM80688; hypothalamus: GSM80691, GSM80692; esophagus: GSM80695, GSM80696; lung: GSM80707, GSM80712; medulla: GSM80709, GSM80711; myometrium: GSM80718, GSM80719; liver: GSM80729, GSM80730; kidney medulla: GSM80732, GSM80733; lymph nodes: GSM80736, GSM80737; pharyngeal mucosa: GSM80748, GSM80749; nodose nucleus: GSM80769, GSM80770; occipital lobe: GSM80773, GSM80774; oral mucosa: GSM80777, GSM80778; stomach fundus: GSM80810, GSM80811; stomach pyloric: GSM80814, GSM80815; pituitary gland: GSM80817, pituitary gland: GSM80818; salivary gland: GSM80821, GSM80822; spleen: GSM80825, GSM80826; thyroid gland: GSM80865, GSM80866; tonsil: GSM80886, GSM80889; vulva: GSM80897,GSM80898; urethra: GSM80911, GSM80912; testes: GSM176276, GSM176422, GSM176423, GSM176275, GSM176113; L-428 cells: GSM311200, GSM499721, GSM499729, GSM637960; L-1236 cells: GSM499722, GSM499730, GSM637962; KM-H2 cells: GSM499723, GSM311194, GSM499731, GSM637959; HDLM-2 cells: GSM499724, GSM499732, GSM637963; L-540Cy cells: GSM499726; L-540 cells: GSM637961, GSM499725; L428 cells: GSM1006383, GSM1006384; microdissected HL cells: GSM956644, GSM956645, GSM956646, GSM956647,GSM956648, GSM956649, GSM956650, GSM956651, GSM956652, GSM956653, GSM956654, GSM956655, GSM956656, GSM956657, GSM956658, GSM956659, GSM956660, GSM956661, GSM956662, GSM956663, GSM956664, GSM956665, GSM956666, GSM956667, GSM956668, GSM956669, GSM956670, GSM956671, GSM956672  Origin and pathogenesis of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma as revealed by global gene expression analysis. J Exp Med 205: 2251\u20132268; Roth RB, Hevezi P, Lee J, Willhite D, Lechner SM, et al. (2006) Gene expression analyses reveal molecular relationships among 20 regions of the human CNS. Neurogenetics 7: 67\u201380; Liu TY, Wu SJ, Huang MH, Lo FY, Tsai MH, Tsai CH et al. EBV-positive Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with suppression of p21cip1/waf1 and a worse prognosis. Mol Cancer 2010; 9: 32; K\u00f6chert K, Ullrich K, Kreher S, Aster JC, Kitagawa M, et al. (2011) High-level expression of Mastermind-like 2 contributes to aberrant activation of the NOTCH signaling pathway in human lymphomas. Oncogene 30: 1831\u201340; Steidl C, Shah SP, Woolcock BW, Rui L, Kawahara M, et al. (2011) MHC class II transactivator CIITA is a recurrent gene fusion partner in lymphoid cancers. Nature 471: 377\u2013381; Kewitz S, Staege MS (2013) Knock-down of PRAME increases retinoic acid signaling and cytotoxic drug sensitivity of Hodgkin lymphoma cells. PLoS One 8: e55897; Steidl C, Diepstra A, Lee T, Chan FC, Farinha P, et al. (2012) Gene expression profiling of microdissected Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells correlates with treatment outcome in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 120: 3530\u20133540). All Affymetrix cel files were processed with Affymetrix Expression Console using the MicroarraySuite 5.0 algorithm and scaled to the same target intensity of 500.(TIF)Click here for additional data file.Figure S4Sequence alignment of DUSP5 and DUSP5 pseudogenes. DUSP5 pseudogenes were identified by a BLAST search using DUSP5 RNA as query. Presented is a sequence alignment of DUSP5 RNA, the genomic DUSP5 DNA, the genomic DUSP5P1 DNA and 3 newly identified DUSP5 pseudogenes . The presented sequences correspond to the following database entries: DUSP5-RNA: NM_004419.3, 1\u20132507; DUSP5: NT_030059.13, 63062089\u201363075745; DUSP5P1: NT_167186.1, 22303791\u201322305932; DUSP5P2: NT_025517.18, 9582355\u20139585843; DUSP5psi3: NT_025028.14, 14042336\u201314043552; DUSP5psi4: NT_025741.15, 23586534\u201323586928. Introns of the genomic DUSP5 DNA were indicated by black squares and were not to scale. The lengths of these introns as well as the start position of the 4 exons from DUSP5 are indicated. The pseudogene from chromosome 3 contains additional insertions which are indicated by red triangles. Color code: red: A; green: C; yellow: G; blue: T. Data visualization was performed with GeneDoc (http://www.psc.edu/biomed/genedoc).(TIF)Click here for additional data file.Figure S5Sequence alignment of the predicted DUSP5P1 peptide and DUSP5 proteins from varying Mammalia. Presented is an alignment between the putative DUSP5P1 peptide and the homologous region from (predicted) DUSP5 proteins from Oryctolagus anatinus, Monodelphis domesticus, Myotis lucifugus, Bos Taurus, Rattus norvegicus, Canis lupus familiaris, Papio anubis, and Homo sapiens. DUSP5 loci in the genomes of all species were identified essentially as described  Sequence and expression of the chicken membrane-associated phospholipases A1 alpha (LIPH) and beta (LIPI). Mol Biol Rep 39: 761\u2013769). In all species the DUSP5 gene is located in close proximity to the structural maintenance of chromosomes 3 (SMC3) gene which was used for confirmation that the identified dual specificity phosphatases in all species are DUSP5 and no other members of this gene family (data not shown). Data visualization was performed with GeneDoc (http://www.psc.edu/biomed/genedoc).(TIF)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "SSALC was established to characterize HIV/AIDS-related lymphoma and the indigenous background of malignant lymphomas (ML) in sub-Saharan Africa. Because WHO classified lymphoma subgroups can vary in prevalence African, Asian or European ancestry, we surveyed lymphoma heterogeneity in geographically diverse East, South and West sub-Saharan populations, particularly for HIV/AIDS associated immunophenotypes.kappa and lambda light chains (CISH) and c-myc and bcl2 translocations (FISH). HIV/AIDS diversity controls were contributed from Europe by consortium and USA by ACSR.A consortium of African pathologists, hematologist/oncologists and oncologic surgeons contributed ML cases and participated in sub-grouping according to WHO classification criteria after appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) approvals, Memoranda of Understanding and Material Transfer Agreements were obtained. Paraffin blocks were examined for tissue morphology (H&E), immunophenotype (34 antibodies IHC), EBER, Consortium members contributed 46 - 368 cases each with 1408 total cases to date: 246 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), 296 Burkitt lymphoma, 163 Hodgkin disease, 69 plasma cell proliferative disorders and 644 others. Aggressive DLBCL, plasmacytoma/plasmablastic lymphoma, KSHV disease and lymphoid hyperplasia will be highlighted.Sub-Saharan Africa has a variety of ML subgroups; true incidence altered by: 1) Aspiration vs. biopsy for diagnosis; 2) HIV status not communicated to pathologist; 3) known HIV/AIDS patients not biopsied; 4) initial diagnosis by morphology alone, 5) tissue preservation/processing variable.. General observations: HIV/AIDS-related lymphoma is more likely EBER+, has higher cell proliferation rates, and unfavorable immunophenotypes; regions differ in HIV clades with South (clade C) having the most \u201cimmunosuppression\u201d associated lymphoma subgroups; East region has more pre-T lymphoblastic lymphomas and West region has more follicular lymphomas. Confounders: infectious lymphadenopathies (EBV+ lymphoproliferations), undifferentiated neuroblastomas, neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs), poorly differentiated, metastatic carcinomas and malignant melanoma (amelanotic)."}
{"text": "The names of all authors are incorrectly represented in the Citation. The correct Citation is: Nag C, Karanth KP, Gururaja KV (2014) Delineating Ecological Boundaries of Hanuman Langur Species Complex in Peninsular India Using MaxEnt Modeling Approach. PLoS ONE 9(2): e87804. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0087804."}
{"text": "Oxidative stress (OS), a state characterized by an imbalance between pro-oxidant molecules including reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and antioxidant defenses, has been identified to play a key role in the pathogenesis of subfertility in both males and females. The adverse effects of OS on sperm quality and functions have been well documented. In females, on the other hand, the impact of OS on oocytes and reproductive functions remains unclear. This imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants can lead to a number of reproductive diseases such as endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and unexplained infertility. Pregnancy complications such as spontaneous abortion, recurrent pregnancy loss, and preeclampsia, can also develop in response to OS. Studies have shown that extremes of body weight and lifestyle factors such as cigarette smoking, alcohol use, and recreational drug use can promote excess free radical production, which could affect fertility. Exposures to environmental pollutants are of increasing concern, as they too have been found to trigger oxidative states, possibly contributing to female infertility. This article will review the currently available literature on the roles of reactive species and OS in both normal and abnormal reproductive physiological processes. Antioxidant supplementation may be effective in controlling the production of ROS and continues to be explored as a potential strategy to overcome reproductive disorders associated with infertility. However, investigations conducted to date have been through animal or in vitro studies, which have produced largely conflicting results. The impact of OS on assisted reproductive techniques (ART) will be addressed, in addition to the possible benefits of antioxidant supplementation of ART culture media to increase the likelihood for ART success. Future randomized controlled clinical trials on humans are necessary to elucidate the precise mechanisms through which OS affects female reproductive abilities, and will facilitate further explorations of the possible benefits of antioxidants to treat infertility. Background2. Reactive oxygen species and their physiological actions3. Reactive nitrogen species4. Antioxidant defense mechanisms\u2003\u20034.1. Enzymatic antioxidants\u2003\u20034.2. Non-enzymatic antioxidants5. Mechanisms of redox cell signaling6. Oxidative stress in male reproduction- a brief overview7. Oxidative stress in female reproduction8. Age-related fertility decline and menopause9. Reproductive diseases\u2003\u20039.1. Endometriosis\u2003\u20039.2. Polycystic ovary syndrome\u2003\u20039.3. Unexplained infertility10. Pregnancy complications\u2003\u200310.1. The placenta\u2003\u200310.2. Spontaneous abortion\u2003\u200310.3. Recurrent pregnancy loss\u2003\u200310.4. Preeclampsia\u2003\u200310.5. Intrauterine growth restriction10.6. Preterm labor11. Body weight\u2003\u200311.1. Obesity/Overnutrition\u2003\u200311.2. Malnutrition/Underweight\u2003\u200311.3. Exercise12. Lifestyle factors12.1. Cigarette smoking\u2003\u200312.2. Alcohol use\u2003\u200312.3. Recreational drug use\u2003\u2003\u200312.3.1. Cannabinoids\u2003\u2003\u200312.3.2. Cocaine13. Environmental and occupational exposures\u2003\u200313.1. Organochlorine pesticides: DDT\u2003\u200313.2. Polychlorinated biphenyls\u2003\u200313.3. Organophosphate pesticides14. Assisted reproductive techniques15. Concluding remarks16. Abbreviations17. Competing interests18. Authors\u2019 contributions19. Acknowledgements20. ReferencesOxidative stress (OS) is caused by an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants . This ra2) consumption pyrene through high ROS formation and subsequent OS on the embryo and fetus ,285. In Nicotine iminium and myosamine iminium are the chief metabolites produced by oxidation of nicotine. The reduction potentials of these metabolites seem to permit in vivo ET and resultant OS .NO is just one species contained in the gas phase. Overproduction of NO causes subsequent formation of peroxynitrite. Cigarette tar content positively correlates with the production of hydroxyl radical, a notorious inducer of DNA damage .Increased risks of infertility, miscarriage, IUGR, and low birth weight have been extensively reported amongst pregnant smokers. A 12-study meta-analysis reported that smokers had a significantly increased odds ratio for infertility in addition to lengthened time to conception, both likely through the activation of OS mechanisms .Further, delayed conception has been recorded in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) . A recenCigarette smoke is a significant source of exogenous OS targeting the follicular microenvironment . SmokingChelchowska et al (2011) demonstrated decreased plasma vitamin A and beta-carotene concentrations in smokers compared to non-smokers . They coAlthough normal pregnancy is associated with increased lipid peroxidation, conflicting data exists regarding MDA concentrations in pregnant female smokers. The additional free radical load from tobacco smoke causes an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. Results from Chelchowska et al (2011) positively correlated MDA concentrations with levels of cotinine-- a marker of tobacco smoke exposure-- in maternal smokers; additionally, a decreased antioxidant supply was also observed in smokers .A study examining mouse oocytes reported decreased oocyte quality in association with cigarette smoke exposure. Embryos of mothers exposed to cigarette smoke showed defective development due to oxidative damage and cell death, possibly secondary to arrested cell cycles .2 and nutrients to the developing fetus i: Intracellular calcium concentration; CCE: Capacitative calcium entry; cGMP: Cyclic guanosine monophosphate; CRP: (C-reactive protein); CSH: Cysteamine; Cu: Copper; DDT: 1, 1, 1-trichloro-2, 2,-bis (4-chlorophenyl)-ethane; EDTA: Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid; eNOS/NOS III: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; ERK 1/2: Extracellular regulated kinase; ET: Electron transfer; ETC: Electron transport chain; EtOH: Ethanol; ER: Endoplasmic reticulum; Fe2+/3+: Iron; FF: Follicular fluid; FSH: Follicular stimulating hormone; GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; GSH: Glutathione; GSSG: Oxidized glutathione; hCG: Human chorionic gonadotropin; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; HIF: Hypoxia-inducible factor; HO: Heme oxygenase; H2O: Water; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide; HRT: Hormone replacement therapy; HSP: Heat shock protein; ICSI: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection; IL: Interleukin; iNOS/NOS II: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; IUGR: Intrauterine growth restriction; IVF: In-vitro fertilization; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinases; LH: Luteinizing hormone; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinases; MDA: Malondialdehyde; Mn: Manganese; MTHFR: Methyl-tetra-hydrofolate reductase; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinuleotide phosphate; NK: Natural killer; NOS: Nitric oxide synthase; nNOS/nNOS I: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase; NO: Nitric oxide; NO2: Nitrogen dioxide; O2: Oxygen; OCPs: Organochlorine pesticides; OH*: Hydroxyl radical; ONOO\u2212: Peroxynitrite; OPCs: Organophosphate compounds; OS: Oxidative stress; oxLDL: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein; PCBs: Polychlorinated biphenyls; PCOS: Polycycstic ovary syndrome; PG: Prostaglandin; PON 1: Paraoxonase-1; RNS: Reactive nitrogen species; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; RPL: Recurrent pregnancy loss; Se: Selenium; sFlt-1: Soluble receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor; SHBG: Sex hormone binding globulin; SO: Superoxide; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; STBM: Syncytiotrophoblast microvillus membrane; TAC: Total antioxidant capacity; TAS: Total antioxidant status; TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; THC: Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; Trx: Thioredoxin; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; Zn: Zinc.8-iso-PGF2-alpha: 8-iso-prostaglandin F2-alpha; 8-OHdG: 8-oxodeoxyguanosine; 8-OxOdG: 8-oxo-7,8- dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine; AGE: Advanced glycation end-products; ART: Assisted reproductive techniques; ASK: Apoptosis signaling regulation kinase; AT1-AA: Autoantibodies against AT1 receptor; ATP: Adenine triphosphate; BMI: Body mass index; [CaThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.All of the authors contributed to the conception of the review. AAM, BJP, and AS performed literature searches and selected the studies and reviews discussed in the manuscript. The first draft of the manuscript was also prepared by AAM, BJP, and AS. AAM and BJP performed subsequent amendments. BJP performed further in depth interpretations of the discussed studies and provided critical insights throughout the manuscript. BJP reviewed and finalized the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."}
{"text": "AbstractDryinus rasnitsynisp. n. is described from amber collected in the Dominican Republic. A revision and a key to the fossil Neotropical species of Dryinus Latreille, 1804 belonging to the lamellatus species group is presented. Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea) are parasitoids of Auchenorrhyncha .AMNH Private collection of George Poinar, Jr., c/o Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (USA).GPJC Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Stuttgart, Abt. Pal\u00e4ontologie\u2013Sektion Bernstein, Stuttgart (Germany).SNMSGenusLatreille, 1804http://species-id.net/wiki/DryinusPageBreak than protibia; tibial spurs 1/1/2, rarely 1/1/1. Male: macropterous; mandible with 1\u20133 teeth; palpal formula 6/3; occipital carina complete or incomplete; lateral regions of prothorax not continuous with mesopleura; epicnemium visible; mesosternum fused with mesopleura and not distinct; forewing with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins ; paramere without dorsal process; tibial spurs 1/1/2.Female: macropterous; mandible with 1\u20134 teeth; occipital carina complete, or incomplete, or absent; antenna without tufts of long hairs on segments 5\u201310, usually with rhinaria, occasionally without; antennal segment 3 less than five times as long as segment 2; occasionally antennal segment 3 more than five times as long as segment 2 ; palpal formula 6/3; pronotal tubercle reaching or not tegula; forewing with three cells enclosed by pigmented veins ; protarsus chelate; chela with rudimentary claw; segment 5 of protarsus less than twice as broad as enlarged claw; enlarged claw as long as, or shorterWorldwide.Acanaloniidae, Cixiidae, Dictyopharidae, Flatidae, Fulgoridae, Issidae, Lophopidae, Ricaniidae, Tropiduchidae Olmihttp://species-id.net/wiki/Dryinus_grimaldiiDryinus grimaldiiDryinus grimaldii Olmi: Dryinus grimaldii Olmi: Holotype, female, Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic (16\u201319 Ma) ; same locality label, 1 female paratype .same locality, three female specimens (GPJC).Female with enlarged claw not reduced and not spatulate , 2, longFemale: macropterous; length 4.3\u20136.3 mm. Colour difficult to discern, apparently testaceous, except two dark lateral spots on sides of pronotal disc, scutum, scutellum, propodeum and tegula dark; metasoma with dark transverse band. In paratype, legs with dark spots on coxae and clubs of femora; scutum apparently without dark lateral spots. In one specimen of GPJC labelled H-10-100, apparently scutum without lateral dark spots, scutellum not darkened, posterior surface of propodeum darkened. In two specimens of GPJC labelled H-10-23C, body totally testaceous, except petiole black and two brown spots on sides of scutum. Antenna 10-segmented, long and very slender, filiform, not thickened distally, covered with dense and short hairs; antennal segments of holotype in following proportions: 10:5:44:57:38:21:9:9:9:17; antenna more than nine times as long as head : 219:22. Head weakly convex, apparently shiny, finely punctate, without apparent sculpture among punctures; clypeus and mandible not distinct; occipital carina apparently complete; occiput deeply excavated; eye normally bulging; POL = 2; OL = 1.5; OOL = 10; OPL = 1.5; TL = 5; greatest breadth of posterior ocellus longer than POLPageBreak (4:2); frontal line absent. Maxillary palpi not evident, apparently 6-segmented. Labial palpi not distinct. Pronotum apparently shiny, finely punctate, about as long as head, crossed by anterior strong transverse impression between anterior collar and disc; disc humped; posterior collar very short; pronotal tubercle reaching tegula. Scutum apparently shiny, finely punctate, slightly shorter than pronotum (19:22). Notauli complete, posteriorly separated; minimum distance between notauli about as long as greatest breadth of posterior ocelli. In one specimen of GPJC labelled H-10-100, notauli apparently almost complete, not reaching posterior margin of scutum. Scutellum apparently shorter than scutum (10:19), with sculpture not evident. Metanotum shorter than scutellum (6:10), with sculpture not evident. Propodeum longer than scutum (39:19), reticulate rugose, areolae very broad; posterior surface with two complete longitudinal keels; sculpture of median area of posterior surface not evident. In one specimen of GPJC labelled H-10-100, dorsal surface of propodeum with two median longitudinal and almost parallel keels. Shape of pronotum, scutum, scutellum, metanotum and propodeum usual for Dryininae. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands, with usual venation of Dryininae; pterostigma narrow, much longer than broad (32:4); marginal cell apparently open; distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximal part (16:11); stigmal vein not S-shaped, forming angle between proximal and distal parts; forewing with usual three basal cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins . Hindwing hyaline, without dark transverse bands. Foreleg segments in following proportions: 55 (coxa): 53 (trochanter): 61 (femur): 60 (tibia): 18 : 5 : 8 : 55 : 78 ; foreleg chelate; enlarged claw much shorter than segment 5 of protarsus (42:78); protrochanter more than four times as long as broad (53:5), with long and slender proximal stalk, broadened after half-way; segments 2 and 3 of protarsus produced into hooks; rudimentary claw present; arolium much shorter than enlarged claw (8:42); enlarged claw with two strong subapical teeth and 1 row of 8 lamellae; subapical teeth of enlarged claw very strong, such as in Plesiodryinus; distal apex of enlarged claw not spatulate. Segment 5 of protarsus with 2 rows of approximately 50 lamellae; distal apex with group of at least 20 lamellae (number of lamellae not evident). Midleg segments in following proportions: 22 (coxa): 7 (trochanter): 41 (femur): 60 (tibia): 17 : 15 : 15 : 14 ; segment 5 of mesotarsus not distinct. Hindleg segments in following proportions: 27 (coxa): 11 (trochanter): 48 (femur): 80 (tibia); segments of metatarsus not distinct in holotype; segments of metatarsus of paratype in following proportions: 37 : 19 : 13 : 10 : 11 . Metasoma without distinct and slender petiole. Shape and length of petiole usual for Dryininae. Shape, length and breadth of wings usual for Dryininae. Shape of body usual for Dryininae. Tibial spurs of holotype hardly visible, apparently 1/1/1; in one specimen of GPJC labelled H-10-100, tibial spurs distinctly 1/1/2.Male: unknown.PageBreakUnknown.Olmi & Guglielminosp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5D66A0EE-F5D5-4025-878B-DD6F457E274Bhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Dryinus_rasnitsyniFemale, Oligo-Miocene amber from Dominican Republic (15\u201340 mybp)(SMSN).Female with enlarged claw spatulate, not reduced, with large distal apex , longer Female: macropterous; length 7.4 mm. Colour not distinct, apparently brown, except head, palpi and chela partly testaceous. Antenna 10-segmented, long and very slender, weakly thickened distally, covered with dense and short hairs; antennal segments in following proportions: 20:8:28:27:35:39:28:19:15:13; antenna about five times as long as head : 90:18. Head weakly convex, apparently dull, granulated; occipital carina and occiput not distinct; eye normally bulging; frontal line not evident. Palpal formula apparently 6/3. Pronotum apparently shorter than head (8:18), crossed by anterior strong transverse impression between anterior collar and disc; disc humped; sculpture, posterior collar and pronotal tubercle not distinct. ScuPageBreaktum apparently slightly longer than pronotum (9:8), with sculpture and notauli not distinct. Scutellum apparently shorter than scutum (4:9), with sculpture not distinct. Metanotum about as long as scutellum, with sculpture not distinct. Propodeum longer than scutum (15:9), with lateral regions reticulate rugose, with dorsal surface longer than posterior surface (10:5); sculpture of rest of propodeum and posterior surface not distinct. Shape of pronotum, scutum, scutellum, metanotum and propodeum apparently usual for Dryininae. Forewing ; marginal cell open; distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximal part (34:18); stigmal vein very weakly S-shaped, forming angle between proximal and distal parts; forewing with usual three basal cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins . Hindwing completely weakly darkened. Foreleg segments in following proportions: 29 (coxa): trochanter not visible: 57 (femur): 46 (tibia): 27 : 5 : 8 : 26 : 46 ; foreleg chelate; enlarged claw slightly shorter than segment 5 of protarsus (42:46); protrochanter not distinct; segments 2 and 3 of protarsus produced into hooks; rudimentary claw present; arolium much shorter than enlarged claw (6:42). Enlarged claw (PageBreak with a group of few lamellae (number of lamellae not distinct). Midleg segments in following proportions: 18 (coxa): 10 (trochanter): 62 (femur): 70 (tibia): 31 : 13 : 9 : 4 : 8 . Hindleg segments in following proportions: 20 (coxa): 12 (trochanter): 87 (femur): 88 (tibia): 36 : 16 : 12 : 7 : 13 . Metasoma with a short petiole. Shape and length of petiole usual for Dryininae. Shape, length and breadth of wings usual for Dryininae. Shape of body usual for Dryininae. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.Forewing , 5 complged claw  spatulatMale: unknown.The species is named after Dr. Alex Rasnitsyn.Unknown.In the holotype the head is partly crushed; the clypeus and mandible are only partly visible in lateral view so that it is not possible to count the number of teeth of the mandible and to see if the anterior margin of the clypeus is rounded or bidentate; the ocelli are only partly visible in lateral view and it is not possible to measure POL, OL, OOL and OPL; the temple is not distinct; the pronotum is only partly visible because of crushing; the scutum, scutellum, metanotum and propodeum are only visible in lateral view; both chelae are closed, so that it is not possible to see if the enlarged claw has lamellae and teeth."}
{"text": "No treatments are currently available that slow, stop, or reverse disease progression in established multiple sclerosis (MS). The Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Multiple Sclerosis (MSCIMS) trial tests the safety and feasibility of treatment with a candidate cell-based therapy, and will inform the wider challenge of designing early phase clinical trials to evaluate putative neuroprotective therapies in progressive MS. Illustrated by the MSCIMS trial protocol, we describe a novel methodology based on detailed assessment of the anterior visual pathway as a model of wider disease processes - the \"sentinel lesion approach\".MSCIMS is a phase IIA study of autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in secondary progressive MS. A pre-test : post-test design is used with healthy controls providing normative data for inter-session variability. Complementary eligibility criteria and outcomes are used to select participants with disease affecting the anterior visual pathway.in vitro for all participants in the treatment arm.Ten participants with MS and eight healthy controls were recruited between October 2008 and March 2009. Mesenchymal stem cells were successfully isolated, expanded and characterised sentinel lesion approach - serving as proof of principle for its future wider applicability.In addition to determining the safety and feasibility of the intervention and informing design of future studies to address efficacy, MSCIMS adopts a novel strategy for testing neuroprotective agents in MS - the NCT00395200).ClinicalTrials.gov ( ROIs were then applied to the calculated parameter maps in order to determine quantitative diffusion indices. Mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and fractional anisotropy (FA) were calculated by averaging parameters across at least three slices per optic nerve.Optic nerve diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed by acquiring 3D fat and fluid attenuated spin echo single shot echo planar sequences: TR = 6 s, TE = 84 ms, TI = 1.2 s, matrix size = 128 \u00d7 64, FOV = 15 \u00d7 7.5 cm2, in-plane resolution = 0.9 \u00d7 0.9 mm2, 48 \u00d7 3 mm contiguous slices per echo , acquisition time = 4 minutes. Hyperintense lesions were contoured from the PD image using a semi-automated threshold-based method, and cross-checked with contouring of T2 weighted images.Axial T2-Proton density (PD) weighted dual echo turbo spin echo sequences were acquired: axial, TR = 3 seconds, TE1 = 11 ms, TE2 = 101 ms, matrix size = 192 \u00d7 256, FOV = 24 \u00d7 18 cm2, in-plane resolution = 0.9 \u00d7 0.9 mm2, 48 \u00d7 3 mm contiguous slices, number of averages = 2, acquisition time = 5 minutes. T1 hypointense lesions were contoured using a semi-automated threshold based method.Axial T1 weighted spin echo sequences were also acquired: TR = 710 ms, TE = 8.5 ms, matrix size = 233 \u00d7 256, FOV = 22 \u00d7 22 cm2, in-plane resolution = 1.0 \u00d7 1.0 mm2, 176 \u00d7 1 mm contiguous slices acquired in 12 minutes. Fully automated segmentation was performed for longitudinal assessment of atrophy using Structural Image Evaluation using Normalisation of Atrophy (SIENA); single time-point brain volumes were attained using SIENAX  vs. 1671 cm3 [SD 53 cm3]; p < 0.00005). There were no significant differences in brain imaging MTR measures between controls and patients although there was a trend to higher MTR values in controls. Whole brain (mean) MTR was reduced by 5.3% in patients . Grey matter (mean) MTR was reduced by 7.2% in patients . White matter (mean) MTR was reduced by 4.6% in patients .Normalised brain volume was reduced by 11.1% in patients compared to controls  are reported in approximately 10% of subjects following intravenous administration of autologous or allogeneic MSCs. Intensive monitoring for evidence of allergic reactions is therefore scheduled around the time of infusion. Medium and long-term adverse event risks are less well characterised from the published literature, but include a theoretical risk of increased susceptibility to infection and neoplasia. Weekly assessment (\u00d74) following infusion is designed to specifically screen for the former, and long term monitoring the latter. Given that the majority of the published cohort of patients who have undergone treatment with intravenous MSCs have been treated in the context of haematological malignancy, follow up of the MSCIMS trial cohort offers a unique opportunity to define long-term safety in a group with longer life-expectancy and a lower background rate of disease complications.The treatment cohort in this trial is typical of patients with established progressive MS in terms of disability levels at recruitment and low relapse frequency . While this group is appropriate for safety-assessment of novel therapies, it may be sub-optimal for assessment of therapeutic efficacy in later phase trials. Given that the assessment of neuroprotection requires efficacy endpoints based on demonstrating a reduction in the rate of neurodegeneration, a group showing dynamic (active) progression may be preferable in order to avoid type II error. Alternatively, in cohorts with more modest rates of neurodegeneration/progression, longer follow up may be required to achieve sufficient power. Two recent reports have described the use of intrathecally delivered autologous MSCs in MS without adverse events or significant change on global clinical outcomes ,29. HoweThe MSCIMS trial represents a novel approach for evaluating neuroprotective therapies in MS. It will establish the initial safety profile and feasibility of the intervention, allow informed design of subsequent studies to address efficacy, and test the utility of a novel methodology for neuroprotective trials in MS with potential for wider future application.ACE-R: Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (Revised); AD: Axial diffusivity; APTT: Activated partial thromboplastin time; BAC: Bacterial artificial chromosome; BDI-II: Beck's depression inventory (II); BOLD: Blood oxygen level dependent; CMV: Cytomegalovirus; DTI: Diffusion tensor imaging; EBMT: European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation; EDSS: Expanded (Kurtzke) disability status score; EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; FA: Fractional anisotropy; fMRI: Functional MRI; FOV: Field of view; GM: Grey matter; ISCT: International Society of Cellular Therapy; JACIE: Joint accreditation committee for ISCT-EBMT; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus; HTLV: Human T-lymphotrophic virus; MD: Mean diffusivity; MDEFT: Modified driven equilibrium fourier transform; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; MS: Multiple sclerosis; MSC: Mesenchymal Stem Cell / Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell; MSCIMS: The mesenchymal stem cells in multiple sclerosis trial; MSFC: Multiple sclerosis functional composite score; MSIS-29: Multiple sclerosis impact scale (29-item); MTR: Magnetisation transfer ratio; MV: Macular volume; NAGM: Normal appearing grey matter; NAWM: Normal appearing white matter; OCT: Optical coherence tomography; PD: Proton density; PT: Prothrombin time; RD: Radial diffusivity; RR-MS: Relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis; RNFL: Retinal nerve fibre layer; SIENA: Structural image evaluation using normalisation of atrophy; SPM: Statistical parametric mapping; SP-MS: Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis; sTE fFLAIR: Fat saturated short echo fast fluid attenuated inversion recovery; VER: Visual evoked response; WB: Whole brain; WM: White matterThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.SC, DHM, DASC, & AJT were involved in the overall design of the study. DRA was involved in statistical aspects of trial design. CAWK, DJT, RSS and DLT were involved in design of the imaging sequences. MAS, CC, KR, and XLH were involved in design and execution of MSC isolation, expansion, storage and administration. AWM performed blinded assessments of visual evoked potentials. PC & MK were involved in all aspects of trial execution and manuscript preparation. RP was involved in participant assessments. MQD developed and performed CGH analysis techniques. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript."}
{"text": "AbstractActenomeros Winterton & Irwin, 1999b is reviewed. Three species are transferred from Nanexila Winterton & Irwin, 1999a: Actenomeros aureilineata  comb. n., Actenomeros intermedia  comb. n. and Actenomeros paradoxa  comb. n. A new species (Actenomeros budawang sp. n.) is described and figured from New South Wales. A key to species is presented.                The endemic Australian genus  Diptera: Therevidae) fauna is composed of 370 described species in 26 genera, exclusively placed in two subfamilies, Agapophytinae and Therevinae  was considered very different from the other members of the genus, but the lack of males for most species precluded the erection of a separate genus. It was noted though in Nanexila paradoxa Winterton & Irwin, 1999a) were similar to Actenomeros. Males are now known for Nanexila paradoxa and have the key taxonomic features of Actenomeros. The generic concept of Actenomeros is revised slightly in light of this; synapomorphies for the genus include multiple rows of postocular macrosetae in both sexes, and greatly reduced or absent articulated gonocoxal processes in the male (Actenomeros but are absent in the new species described herein (Actenomeros budwang sp. n.) and three species transferred to Actenomeros from Nanexila ; this character is no longer considered synapomorphic for the genus. The discovery of this new species described herein from New South Wales increases the number of species in Actenomeros to six.            The completely endemic Australasian stiletto fly ANIC            New South Wales Dept of Agriculture, Orange Agricultural Institute, Agricultural Scientific Collections UnitASCU            Winterton & Irwin, 1999bhttp://species-id.net/wiki/ActenomerosActenomeros corniculaticaudus Winterton & Irwin, 1999b: 280.                     Actenomeros intermedia).                    Head sub-spherical; frons grey to gold pubescent; minute, dark setae sometimes present; frons flat to rounded, width sexually dimorphic, male frons narrower, but eyes not contiguous; occiput concave; two-three poorly defined rows of postocular macrosetae, rarely a single row in female; antenna length shorter than head; scape and pedicel short cylindrical, with strong dark setae; flagellum conical, compressed laterally, style terminal; sternopleuron glabrous medially; legs pale yellow, tarsi darkened distally; mid coxa without setae on posterior surface; hind femur with dark, anteroventral setae sub-apically; fore and hind femora without velutum patches; scutal chaetotaxy: np, 3\u20134; sa, 2; pa, 1; dc, 2\u20134; sc, 1; wing cell m3 open; abdomen black, male often with extensive abdominal velutum, female often with triangular patches of velutum laterally on segments; male genitalia without velutum patches on ventral surface of gonocoxites; gonocoxite with outer process present, often long, upward directed and horn-like; articulated gonocoxal process greatly reduced or absent; ventral lobe of gonocoxite sometimes greatly enlarged; hypandrium triangular, glabrous, fused to gonocoxites laterally; gonocoxal apodeme relatively short; distiphallus narrow, straight; dorsal apodeme of parameral sheath \u2018T\u2019-shaped; ejaculatory apodemes relatively small, narrow; ventral apodeme forked; female genitalia with A1 and A2 acanthophorite spines well developed; tergite 8 with narrow process on anterior margin; furca sclerotized in a narrow ring; three spherical spermathecae; spermathecal sac shape trilobate, spermathecal duct arrangement paired, one spermathecal duct joining to each spermathecal sac duct or rarely alternating along common spermathecal sac duct  retained in Nanexila have a well-formed articulated gonocoxal process and can be distinguished from Actenomeros species using the key to Australasian genera in Actenomeros corniculaticaudus and Actenomeros onyx. Males are unknown for Actenomeros aureilineata comb. n.and Actenomeros intermedia comb. n.; females of these two species are described by Actenomeros aureilineata (Winterton & Irwin) comb. n., Actenomeros budawang sp. n., Actenomeros corniculaticaudus Winterton & Irwin, Actenomeros intermedia (Winterton & Irwin) comb. n., Actenomeros onyx Winterton & Irwinand Actenomeros paradoxa (Winterton & Irwin) comb. n.                    urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E80EF2AB-394D-44C6-B70C-32DAAF665FE5http://species-id.net/wiki/Actenomeros_budawangHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Budawang National Park, ca. 5km on Western Distributor Road, 250m asl, MV lamp & UV fit, , 22.ix.2004, A. Zwick (ANIC).                     Paratypes. AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: female, same data as holotype (CAS); male, 2 km W Thirlmere Lakes National Park, 25.ix.1988, G.R. Brown, M.A.TerrasPageBreak  (ASCU); 4 males, Warrumbungle National Park, Wambelong Creek, , 21.i\u20139.ii.2009, Malaise trap across creek, S.L. Winterton (CAS).                    Setae along costal margin elongate, length approximately twice width of costal vein; scutum uniform grey pubescent; articulated gonocoxal process completely absent; process on gonocoxite straight, elongate, not horn-like; ventral lobe of gonocoxite relatively short, anvil shaped, female with two rows of dark postocular macrosetae.Head: Frons gold pubescent, short dark setae present in female, male frons narrower than anterior ocellus and narrowest point; occiput grey pubescent, postocular ridge with 2\u20133 poorly defined rows of black setae in both sexes; gena grey pubescent, admixed with fine dark setae; parafacial grey pubescent, without setae; mouthparts pale orange; scape and pedicel yellow, combined length approximately equal to flagellum length, numerous strong, dark setae present except on medial surface ; pa, 1; dc, 3\u20135; sc, 1 (rarely 2). Abdomen: Abdomen glossy brown-black, male with extensive silver velutum on segments 1\u20137, reduced to posterior margins of tergites 2\u20136 in female; numerous fine, white setae on all segments, shorter in female; terminalia brown with black setae. Male Genitalia (5IPageBreakPageBreak, spermathecal duct arrangement paired, one spermathecal duct joining to each spermathecal sac duct.                    Body length: 8.0\u20139.5 mm [male]; 10.0 mm [female].  surface ; flagellenitalia : EpandriThis species is named after the type locality, Budawang National Park, in central-southern New South Wales.Actenomeros budawang sp. n. is similar in appearance to Actenomeros paradoxa comb. n., suggesting a likely close relationship. The former can be distinguished by the greatly enlarged ventral lobe, lack of \u2018horn\u2019-like gonocoxal process and complete absence of the articulated gonocoxal process. The scutal chaetotaxy is variable in this species Actenomeros budawang sp. n."}
{"text": "The structure displays a distorted trigonal-pyramidally coordinated cobalt(I) atom, with two phosphane ligands and one DMSO ligand in the equatorial plane. The coordination is completed by one further DMSO ligand and the anionic hydride in the axial positions.The title compound, [CoH(C DOI: 10.1107/S1600536810029466/bt5307Isup2.hkl            Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report            Additional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "The legends for figures 4 and 5 are switched. The correct legend for figure 4 is: \"Phylogram of P. infestans PLD-likes and type B sPLD-likes and homologs in various organisms. The consensus minimal evolution tree constructed from the amino acid sequences is shown. For accession numbers of the P. infestans sequences see Table 1. Other sequences that were all selected by Blast searches are from: Arabidopsis , Frankia alni (P_711983), Janibacter (ZP_00995229), Kineococcus radiotolerans (YP_001361943), Kribbella flavida (YP_003383471), Mycobacterium smegmatis (YP_884788), Oceanibulbus indolifex (ZP_02154842), Saccharopolyspora erythraea (YP_001106428), Streptomyces ambofaciens (CAJ89461), Streptomyces pristinaespiralis (YP_002197876) and Streptosporangium roseum (YP_003339462).\" The correct legend for figure 5 is: \"Alignment of amino acid sequences of type A sPLD-likes. Sequences are from Phytophthora (P. infestans sPLD-like-1), Grape (XP_002285518), Human (NP_001026866), Drosophila (XP_001974062) and Taterapox (YP_717345). The symbols used are [*] for identical,  for conservative and [.] for semi-conservative amino acid residues. Signal peptides/signal anchors are in italics, HKD motifs in bold and the \"IGSANIN\" motif is underlined.\""}
{"text": "AbstractDiomma Motschulsky (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from Southwest China, Diomma pincersa sp. n. At the same time, a key can distinguish all Chinese species of the genus is provided.In the present paper, a new species is added to the genus  Diomma was established by Motschulsky in 1863 (Diomma belongs to the tribe Erythroneurini (Typhlocybinae) with Diomma ochracea Motschulsky, 1863 as its type species. The genus consists of three subgenera: Diomma Motschulsky; Bunyipia Dworakowska and Dilobonota Dworakowska. So far, all species occurring in China belong to the subgePageBreaknus Diomma, which distributed only in Oriental region. A new species from Guizhou Province, China is described and illustrated. A key to Chinese species of Diomma is given. All specimens examined are deposited to the collection of the Insititute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC).The leafhopper genus  in 1863 . Diomma MotschulskyDiomma Diomma ochracea Motschulsky, 1863.Body yellow or brownish yellow, more or less flattened. Head almost equally broad as pronotum. Crown anterior margin produced medially. Pronotum with width greater than length. Vertex and pronotum usually ornamented with dark spots or stripes. Scutellum small, triangular; transverse impression distinct. Forewing apical veins free or 3rd apical cell stalked; 4th apical cell smallest. Hind venation reduced, submarginal vein poorly developed.Abdominal apodemes long and narrow.Pygofer large and broad, with numeous long setae at caudal margin and baso-ventral angle respectively. Subgenital plate extending beyond pygofer, with several microsetae on dorsal margin and with few of long macrosetae on outer surface. Pygofer dorsal appendage with distinct basal suture, but not movably articulated or immovably fused to margin, without basal suture. Central part of style very thick; preapical lobe prominant, sensory pits situated at preapical portion. Aedeagal shaft curved ventrally, usually with a obvious big process between preatrium and base of shaft. Gonopore terminal or subapical. Connective V- or Y-shaped; two lateral arms very long; central lobe absent or vestigial.Afrotropical region, Australian region, Oriental region.Song, Li & Xiong sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:32756A97-957D-4B3E-8D11-398522C61F34PageBreakbrwon. Eyes , which refers to the pygofer dorsal appendage with terminal part branched or bifurcate . rec. n.Typhlocyba ilsae Jacobi 1941Zyginoides ilsae Diomma ilsae six males, six females, China: Yunnan Province, Mengla County, 18 July 2008, coll. Yuehua Song; one female, China: Yunnan Province, Menghai County, 24 July 2008, coll. Yuehua Song.Sunda; China (Yunnan).Diomma (Diomma) ilsae (a) ilsae , rec. n.Typhlocyba ilsae Jacobi, 1941PageBreakZyginoides ilsae Dworakowska 1972Diomma ilsae Dworakowska, 1981Distribution: China ; SundaDiomma (Diomma) katoi Dworakowska 1981Distribution: China Diomma (Diomma) knighti Dworakowska 1981Distribution: China Diomma (Diomma) pincersa Song, Li & Xiong, sp. n.Distribution: China (Guizhou: Qianxi)Diomma (Diomma) pulchra ( pulchra Motschulskia pulchra Matsumura 1916PageBreakPlatytettix pulchrus Matsumura 1932Zyginoides (Platytetticis) pulchra Dworakowska 1972Diomma pulchra Dworakowska 1981Distribution: China ; JapanDiomma (Diomma) taiwana ; Japan; India"}
{"text": "Reference 24 was incomplete. The complete reference is: Nielsen CH (2009) Biomimetic membranes for sensor and separation applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 395: 697-718."}
{"text": "Multiple lines of evidence support the pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in psychiatric illness. While systemic autoimmune diseases are well-documented causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, synaptic autoimmune encephalitides with psychotic symptoms often go under-recognized. Parallel to the link between psychiatric symptoms and autoimmunity in autoimmune diseases, neuroimmunological abnormalities occur in classical psychiatric disorders . Investigations into the pathophysiology of these conditions traditionally stressed dysregulation of the glutamatergic and monoaminergic systems, but the mechanisms causing these neurotransmitter abnormalities remained elusive. We review the link between autoimmunity and neuropsychiatric disorders, and the human and experimental evidence supporting the pathogenic role of neuroinflammation in selected classical psychiatric disorders. Understanding how psychosocial, genetic, immunological and neurotransmitter systems interact can reveal pathogenic clues and help target new preventive and symptomatic therapies. As biological abnormalities are increasingly identified among patients with psychiatric disorders, the distinction between neurological and psychiatric illness fades. In addition to systemic autoimmune diseases associated with psychiatric manifestations  , more reSeparation of neurological and psychiatric disorders, supported by Descartes\u2019s conception of the \u2018mind\u2019 as an ontologically distinct entity and by the reproducibility of neuropathological abnormalities, dominated medicine in the 19th and early 20th centuries . Since tPeripheral immune modulators can induce psychiatric symptoms in animal models and humans -19. HealToxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus, and influenza during pregnancy increase the risk of developing schizophrenia . B. B248]. P\u2009=\u20090.0002) . I. I248]. synthase . Minocycsynthase .P <0.001) [P\u2009=\u20090.025) [P\u2009=\u20090.02 and 0.01, respectively) [Omega-3 fatty acid effectiveness in psychiatric disorders is unclear . In a 20 <0.001) . A subse <0.001) . A 2012 =\u20090.025) . In a ractively) ; the autctively) .A 2012 meta-analysis of seven randomized-controlled trials assessing omega-3 augmentation in 168 schizophrenic patients found no benefit of treatment . The autA receptors [Neurosteroids, including pregnenolone and its downstream metabolite allopregnanolone, may have a beneficial role in some psychiatric disorders ,260. In eceptors . Furthereceptors . More RCWe are awaiting the results of several ongoing clinical trials investigating the therapeutic effects of other anti-inflammatory agents, including salicylate, an inhibitor of NF-\u03baB (NCT01182727); acetylsalicylic acid (NCT01320982); pravastatin (NCT1082588); and dextromethorphan, a non-competitive NMDAR antagonist that can limit inflammation-induced dopaminergic neuronal injury (NCT01189006).Although current immune therapies  are often effective for treating autoimmune encephalitides wherein inflammation is acute, intense and predominately of adaptive origin, their efficacy in classical psychiatric disorders wherein inflammation is chronic, much milder, and predominately of innate origin, is limited . DevelopAutoimmunity can cause a host of neuropsychiatric disorders that may initially present with isolated psychiatric symptoms. Innate inflammation/autoimmunity may be relevant to the pathogenesis of psychiatric symptoms in a subset of patients with classical psychiatric disorders. Innate inflammation may be mechanistically linked to the traditional monoaminergic and glutamatergic abnormalities and increased oxidative injury reported in psychiatric illnesses.1H MRS detectable glutamate, glutamine, gamma aminobutyric acid composite; IDO: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase; Ig: Immunoglobulin; IL: Interleukin; IL-1RA: Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist; IFN-\u03b3: Interferon gamma; KAT: Kynurenine aminotransferase; KMO: Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase; KYN: Kynurenine; KYNA: Kynurenic acid; LE: Limbic encephalitis; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide; MAP: Microglial activation and proliferation; MDD: Major depressive disorder; mGluR: Metabotropic glutamate receptor; MHC: II Major histocompatibility complex class two; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; MRS: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy; NF-\u03baB: Nuclear factor kappa B; NMDAR: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; NR1: Glycine site; OCD: Obsessive-compulsive disorder; OR: Odds ratio; PANDAS: Pediatric neuropsychiatric autoimmune disorders associated with streptococcal infections; PBMC: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PET: Positron emission tomography; PFC: Prefrontal cortex; PGE-2: Prostaglandin E2; PPAR-\u03b3: Peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptor gamma; QA: Quinolinic acid; RNS: Reactive nitrogen species; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; sIL: Soluble interleukin; SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus; SRI: Serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TNF-\u03b1: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; T-regs: CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T regulatory cells; TDO: Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase; Th: T-helper; VGKC: Voltage-gated potassium channel; XAG-: Glutamate aspartate transporter; Xc-: Sodium-independent astroglial glutamate/cystine antiporter system3-OH-KYN: 3-hydroxy-kynurenine; \u03b17nAchR: Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; AMPAR: Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-l-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors; APC: Antigen presenting cell; BBB: Blood\u2013brain barrier; BH4: Tetrahydrobiopterin; BPD: Bipolar disorder; CI: Confidence interval; CNS: Central nervous system; COX-2: Cyclooxegenase-2; CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th Edition; EAATs: Excitatory amino acid transporters; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; GABAB: Gamma aminobutyric acid-beta; GAD: Glutamic acid decarboxylase; GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein; GLX: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.SN and DMP performed an extensive literature review, interpreted data, prepared the manuscript, figures, and tables. KA prepared the section pertaining to oxidative mechanisms and contributed to the manuscript revisions. AN and OD critically-revised and improved the design and quality of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."}
{"text": "Previous work  using a NaPI) [hI) [KAI) [We consider three uniformly distributed conductances found in pyramidal cells of the forebrain: persistent sodium current (INaP) ,4, hyperaP) [Ih) , and A-th) [IKA) . Added t"}
{"text": "Controlling gene expression via small interfering RNA (siRNA) has opened the doors to a plethora of therapeutic possibilities, with many currently in the pipelines of drug development for various ocular diseases. Despite the potential of siRNA technologies, barriers to intracellular delivery significantly limit their clinical efficacy. However, recent progress in the field of drug delivery strongly suggests that targeted manipulation of gene expression via siRNA delivered through nanocarriers can have an enormous impact on improving therapeutic outcomes for ophthalmic applications. Particularly, synthetic nanocarriers have demonstrated their suitability as a customizable multifunctional platform for the targeted intracellular delivery of siRNA and other hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs in ocular applications. We predict that synthetic nanocarriers will simultaneously increase drug bioavailability, while reducing side effects and the need for repeated intraocular injections. This review will discuss the recent advances in ocular siRNA delivery via non-viral nanocarriers and the potential and limitations of various strategies for the development of a \u2018universal\u2019 siRNA delivery system for clinical applications. Pharmaceutical treatment of retinal degenerative diseases affecting the posterior segment of the eye is made challenging by restrictive blood ocular barriers such as the blood aqueous barrier (BAB) and the blood retinal barrier (BRB), which separate the eye from systemic circulation . AdditioIt is estimated that following instillation, only 5% of topically applied drugs enter the anterior chamber of the eye, either through trans-corneal permeation Figure , arrow 1.-cholesterol) have also been used to deliver siRNA successfully and may present opportunities to combine desired features to create novel lipid-based nanocarriers -N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTMA) and N,N-dioleyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride (DODAC)) and forms nanoscale complexes. Liposomes are probably the most commonly used artificial gene delivery vector since their ability to transport the preproinsulin gene to the liver was demonstrated nearly 30\u2009years ago . Liu et  in vitro. After i in vitro. Lipid carriers .3) Protein nanocarrierset al. have developed a novel cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) for ocular delivery of small and large molecules, including siRNA, fluorescent probes, plasmid DNA and quantum dots to RPE, photoreceptor and ganglion cells in vitro and in vivo-cholesterol; DODAC: N,N-dioleyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride; DOPE: 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylethanolamine; DOTAP: 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane; DOTMA: N-[1-propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride; dsRNAs: Double stranded RNAs; EVA: Ethylene vinyl acetate; FAc: Fluocinolone acetonide; FDA: US Food and Drug Administration; 2\u2019-F-RNA: 2\u2019-Fluoro-RNA; HD-Ad: Helper-dependent adenovirus; miRNA: microRNA; MMP-2: Matrix metalloproteinase-2; ODNs: Oligodeoxynucleotides; PACT: dsRNA-binding protein; PAMAM: Poly(amidoamine); PB: Boranophosphonate; PEG: Polyethylene glycol; PEI: Polyethylenimine; PKR: Protein kinase R; PO4: Phosphodiester; PPI: Poly(propylene imine); PS: Phosphorothioate linkage; PVA: Polyvinyl alcohol; RISC: RNA-induced silencing complex; RNAi: RNA interference; RPE: Retinal pigment epithelium; scAAV: Self-complementary AAV; siRNA: Small interfering RNA; TaT: HIV transactivator of transcription; TLR: Toll-like Receptors; TRBP: HIV-1 TAR RNA-binding protein; VEGFA: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A; VEGFR1: Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1.No competing interests to declare.AT, SF, AZ, KK and BM contributed towards writing and editing the manuscript. GH and HS critically evaluated the manuscript for publication. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.No information to share."}
{"text": "The L ligand, which also lies across an inversion centre, bridges two CdII ions, forming layers parallel to (010).In the title coordination polymer, [CdBr DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811027759/hy2448Isup2.hkl            Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report            Additional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "Laribacter hongkongensis is associated with community-acquired gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea and it can reside in human, fish, frogs and water. In this study, we performed an in-depth annotation of the genes in its genome related to adaptation to the various environmental niches.L. hongkongensis possessed genes for DNA repair and recombination, basal transcription, alternative \u03c3-factors and 109 putative transcription factors, allowing DNA repair and global changes in gene expression in response to different environmental stresses. For acid stress, it possessed a urease gene cassette and two arc gene clusters. For alkaline stress, it possessed six CDSs for transporters of the monovalent cation/proton antiporter-2 and NhaC Na+:H+ antiporter families. For heavy metals acquisition and tolerance, it possessed CDSs for iron and nickel transport and efflux pumps for other metals. For temperature stress, it possessed genes related to chaperones and chaperonins, heat shock proteins and cold shock proteins. For osmotic stress, 25 CDSs were observed, mostly related to regulators for potassium ion, proline and glutamate transport. For oxidative and UV light stress, genes for oxidant-resistant dehydratase, superoxide scavenging, hydrogen peroxide scavenging, exclusion and export of redox-cycling antibiotics, redox balancing, DNA repair, reduction of disulfide bonds, limitation of iron availability and reduction of iron-sulfur clusters are present. For starvation, it possessed phosphorus and, despite being asaccharolytic, carbon starvation-related CDSs.L. hongkongensis genome possessed a high variety of genes for adaptation to acid, alkaline, temperature, osmotic, oxidative, UV light and starvation stresses and acquisition of and tolerance to heavy metals.The  Laribacter hongkongensis, a novel genus and species that belongs to the Neisseriaceae family of \u03b2-subclass of the Proteobacteria, was discovered from the blood and empyema pus of a patient with underlying alcoholic cirrhosis . In. InL. ho factors . NotablyL. hongkongensis, C. violaceum, N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis all contain one copy of phrB which encodes a photolyase for direct repair of DNA; and one copy each of uvrA, uvrB, uvrC and uvrD in the nucleotide excision repair system.In addition to oxidative stress, ultraviolet light is another environmental stress that damages the DNA of a bacterium. The genomes of L. hongkongensis is arguably fastidious: it is asaccharolytic, metabolizing none of the common sugars, requiring malate, adipate or caprate as its carbon source [L. hongkongensis from six of the 10 surveyed drinking water reservoirs in Hong Kong, prompts inquiries into the mechanisms of survival and persistence of this bacterium in nutrient-poor environments [L. hongkongensis were isolated demonstrates such: the permanganate value, a surrogate for organic carbon content, had a yearly mean of 1.25 mg O2/L; ammoniacal nitrogen, 0.05 mg N/L; and total phosphorus, 0.015 mg P/L [L. hongkongensis has exquisite adaptive abilities which enable its survival in environments such as the drinking water reservoirs.n source ,4,43; in5 mg P/L . This is5 mg P/L . Clearly38, encoded by rpoS, is used to upregulate the expression of a number of genes. Some of these genes may be clustered with rpoS: in L. hongkongensis a surE-pcm-nlpD-rpoS cluster was observed (LHK_00356-00353). This is similar to C. violaceum ATCC12472 (CV_3679-3682), and was also observed in other pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella Typhimurium [Yersinia pestis [L. hongkongensis surE-pcm-nlpD-rpoS cluster, there is an overlap between the surE and pcm genes; which was also observed in C. violaceum. Despite this overlapping, as shown in E. coli, the pcm gene can either be co-transcribed with the surE gene or transcribed on its own [With limited nutrients, bacteria do not continue their exponential growth indefinitely. Instead, they move into the stationary phase; cells lose viability and enter the death phase; in prolonged periods of nutrient depletion, a resistant subpopulation survives and the extended stationary phase ensues . To adaphimurium  and Yersa pestis . In the  its own .surA precursor is present in the L. hongkongensis genome (LHK_03194). This survival protein precursor was also found in C. violaceum, N. meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae and E. coli. SurA, the periplasmic chaperone protein encoded by this gene, is responsible for the proper folding and insertion of a subset of outer membrane proteins in E. coli [L. hongkongensis is cultured in the rich medium of BHI [L. hongkongensis.A CDS coding for the putative gene  E. coli . It is om of BHI . It is uL. hongkongensis genome, only one CDS coding for the putative carbon starvation gene cstA2 was found (LHK_00676). This is similar to N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis, but different from the C. violaceum genome, which contains two CDSs coding for the putative genes cstA1 and cstA2. The E. coli homologue of the L. hongkongensis cstA2 gene is cstA. CstA is a starvation-induced peptide transporter in E. coli, and has been implicated in peptide utilization [In the lization .sspA and sspB are present in the L. hongkongensis genome (LHK02886-02887). Putative homologues of sspA and sspB are also present in C. violaceum, N. meningitidis, N. gonorrhoeae and E. coli. In E. coli, sspA and sspB code for the stringent starvation proteins SspA and SspB. Whilst SspA is essential to expression of SspB, it has also been found to be upregulated in the starvation response to glucose, nitrogen, phosphate and amino acids [L. hongkongensis, if any, since the bacterium is asaccharolytic. It is uncertain, nevertheless, whether carbon starvation, i.e. of malate, caprate and adipate, may lead to upregulation of the putative sspA and sspB genes in L. hongkongensis.CDSs coding for putative genes no acids . SspA anL. hongkongensis. From the freshwater reservoir data stated above, phosphate is probably the scarcest nutrient amongst carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and iron with its concentration of 0.015 mg P/L (or 0.5 \u03bcM). On the other hand, however, it is worthwhile to note the more recent finding that phosphate depletion may enhance bacterial resistance to multiple antimicrobials [It has long been observed that phosphate is often the limiting nutrient of algal and bacterial growth in freshwater environments -94. Bactcrobials ,97.L. hongkongensis, the putative genes coding for the PhoR/PhoB are adjacent to each other (LHK_00166-00165), as in C. violaceum (CV_0563-0562). The N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis homologue of the phoR and phoB genes, however, could not be identified.Phosphate homeostasis in bacteria is mainly achieved by the PhoR/PhoB two-component regulatory system (TCRS). In E. coli, there is a pstSCAB-phoU operon in which the genes pstS, pstC, pstA, pstB and phoU are clustered. This is not the case in L. hongkongensis, C. vioalceum, N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis. In L. hongkongensis, the putative pstSCAB locus (LHK00524-00521) is well separated from the CDS coding for the putative phoU gene (LHK_00885). In C. violaceum, this separation is also seen ; the pstSCAB locus is also clustered with the putative pitA gene, which codes for a low-affinity inorganic phosphate transporter (CV_0934). In contrast to such, the CDS that encodes the putative pitA gene in L. hongkongensis is separated from the putative pstSCAB locus (LHK_02538). It is believed that the PstS, PstC, PstA and PstB proteins, together with PhoU, are responsible for the formation of an ABC transporter in the capture of periplasmic inorganic phosphate. In an abundance of phosphate, the Pst system, together with the histidine kinase PhoR, repress the transcription regulatory protein PhoB. When the extracellular phosphate concentration is below a threshold value, for example 4 mM in E. coli, autophosphorylation on a PhoR histidine residue occurs; the phosphorylation is subsequently transferred form phospho-PhoB, which modulates Pho regulon activities [The PhoR/PhoB TCRS is closely related to the phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system. In tivities ,99.L. hongkongensis genome possessed a high variety of genes for DNA repair and recombination and regulation of gene expression, as well as adaptation to acid, alkaline, temperature, osmotic, oxidative, UV light and starvation stresses as well as acquisition of and tolerance to heavy metals : Coding sequences(s); Cnr: Nickel and cobalt resistance protein Cnr; CopA: Copper-exporting P-type ATPase A; CorA: Magnesium transport protein CorA; CPA: Monovalent cation/proton antiporter; CPA1/2/3: Monovalent cation/proton antiporter-1/2/3; Cpx: Cytochrome peroxidase C; CspA/D: Cold shock protein CspA/D; CstA/B: Carbon starvation-induced protein CstA/B; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid;DnaK: Chaperone protein DnaK; DppB/C: Dipeptide transport system permease protein DppB/C; DppD/F: Dipeptide transport ATP-binding protein DppD/F; Dps: Deoxyribonucleic acid protection during starvation protein; DSB(s): Double-strand break(s); DSBR: Double-strand break repair; dsDNA: Double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid; DUE: DNA-unwinding element; dUMP: Deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate; dUTP: Deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate; FbpA: Major ferric iron-binding protein FbpA; FbpB: Ferric transport system permease protein FbpB; FbpC: Ferric ions import ATP-binding protein FbpC; FeoA/B/C: Ferrous iron transport protein A/B/C; Fis: Factor for inversion stimulation; FNR: Fumarate and nitrate reduction regulatory proteins; Fpr: Ferredoxin-NADP reductase; FumC: Fumarase C; Fur: Furric uptake regulation protein Fur; G: Guanine; GlpF: Glycerol uptake facilitator protein; GlpK: Glycerol kinase GlpK; GlpR: Glycerol-3-phosphate regulon repressor protein GlpR; Gor: Glutathione reductase; GO system: 8oxodG system; GpxA: Glutathione peroxidase; GrxA/C: Glutaredoxin-1/3; GshA: Glutamate-cysteine ligase; GshB: Glutathione synthase; HoxN: High-affinity; nickel transport protein HoxN; HtpG: High temperature protein HtpG; IHF(s): Integration host factor(s); Kef: Glutathione-regulated potassium efflux protein Kef; KefB: Glutathione-regulated potassium efflux protein KefB; LB: Lysogeny broth; Lrp: Leucine-responsive regulatory protein; LysR: Transcriptional activator protein LysR; mg N/L: Milligrams of nitrogen per liter; mg O2/L: Milligrams of oxygen per liter; mg P/L: Milligrams of phosphorus per liter; MIT: Metal inorganic transport system; MMR: Mismatch repair; MopA: 60 kDa chaperonin; alternative name for GroEL or Cpn60; mRNA: Messenger ribonucleic acid; MutM: Formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase; MutT: Mutator MutT protein; MutY: Adenine/thymine-specific adenine glycosylase; NAGK: N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase; Ncc: Nickel-cobalt-cadmium resistance protein Ncc; NER: Nucleotide excision repair; NfnB: Oxygen-insensitive NAD(P)H nitroreductase; NhaA/B/C/D: Sodium/proton antiporter NhaA/B/C/D; NicO/A: High-affinity nickel transport protein NicO/A; NiCoT: Nickel(II)-cobalt(II) uptake transporter; NlpD: Lipoprotein NlpD; NolG: Nodulation protein NolG; Nth: Endonuclease III; O: Oxygen; oriC: Origin of replication; OsmB/C: Osmotically-inducible lipoprotein OsmB/C; OxyR: Hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes regulator OxyR; Pcm: Protein-L-isoaspartate O-methyltransferase; PhoB: Phosphate regulon transcriptional regulatory protein PhoB; PhoR: Phosphate regulon sensor protein PhoR; PhoU: Phosphate transport system protein PhoU; PhrB: Deoxyribodipyrimidine photo-lyase; PitA: Low-affinity inorganic phosphate transporter PitA; Pst: Phosphate-specific transport system; PstS/C/A/B: Phosphate-specific transport system protein S/C/A/B; RIDA: Regulatory inactivation of DnaA; RNA: Ribonucleic acid; RNAP: Deoxyribonucleic acid-directed ribonucleic acid polymerase; RpoS: RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoS; SodB: Superoxide dismutase SodB; SoxR: Redox-sensitive transcriptional activator SoxR; SSAP(s): Single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid annealing protein(s); ssDNA: Single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid; SspA/B: Stringent starvation protein SspA/B; SurA/E: Stationary-phase survival protein SurA/E; T: Thymine; TCRS: Two-component regulatory system; TLS: Translesion deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis; TolC: Outer membrane protein TolC; TRCF: Transcription-repair coupling factor; TrxA: Thioredoxin; TrxB: Thioredoxin reductase; UNG: Uracil deoxyribonucleic acid glycosylase; UreA/C/B: Urease subunit gamma/alpha/beta; UreE/F/G/D/I: Urease accessory protein UreE/F/G/D/I; UV: Ultraviolet; UvrA/B/C/D: UvrABC nucleotide excision repair system protein A/B/C/D; XthA Exodeoxyribonuclease III; YggX: Ferrous-trafficking protein; ZntA: Lead, cadmium, zinc and mercury-transporting ATPase ZntA8oxodG: 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine; \u03c324 (RpoE): RNA polymerase sigma-E factor; \u03c328 (FliA): RNA polymerase sigma factor for flagellar operon; \u03c332 (RpoH): RNA polymerase sigma-32 factor; \u03c338 (RpoS): RNA polymerase sigma factor RpoS; \u03c354 (RpoN): RNA polymerase sigma-54 factor; \u03c370 (RpoD): RNA polymerase sigma factor; \u03c3-factor(s): Sigma-factor(s); \u03c3-RNA: Sigma-RNA; A: Adenine; ABC: ATP-binding cassette; AcnA: Aconitate hydratase 1; AcrA/B: Acriflavine resistance protein A/B; AhpC: Alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C; AP: Abasic; The authors declare that they have no competing interests.PCYW, KYY and SKPL designed and supervised the study. RYYF, TCCH, GKMW, AKLT, JLLT, WC, RMW and SOTC annotated the genome. HT performed bioinformatics analysis. SKPL, RYYF, TCCH, RMW and PCYW drafted the manuscript. All authors corrected the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."}
{"text": "The legends for Supporting Information Figures S1, S2, and S3 were incorrectlyswitched. The correct legends for Supporting Information Figures S1, S2, and S3are:'''Figure S1.http://cmr.jcvi.orghttp://cmr.jcvi.org/>). [^] Analysis of engAlocus in different mycobacterial species indicates a conserved occurrence of genespreceding engA, which encode cytidylate kinase (cmk), ribosomal large subunitpseudouridine synthase B (rluB), segregation and condensation protein B (scpB), andsegregation and condensation protein A (scpA), respectively.Comparative analysis of engA locus organizations in different mycobacterialspecies.''' Organizations of genes in engA locus of different mycobacterial specieswere analyzed by genome region comparison\u201d tool of CMR database , M. avium subsp.paratuberculosis K-10 (Map K-10), M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis S397 (Map S-397),M. gilvum (Mgi), M. intracellulare (Min), M. kansasii (Mka), M. leprae (Mle), M.marinum (Mma), M. parascrofulaceum (Mpa), M. tuberculosis EAS054 (Mtu EAS054), M.tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtu H37Rv), M. ulcerans (Mul), M. vanbaalenii (Mva),Mycobacterium Sp. JDM601and Mycobacterium Sp. MCS, and aligned using AlignX programof Vector NTI software as described in materials and methods section. The number inparentheses before each sequence represents the position of amino acid residue ofEngA protein sequence in the alignment. The numbers at the top of the alignment arethe positions of the multiple sequence alignment. Color codes for amino acidresidues at a given position are as follows: 1) red on yellow: identical residues;2) black on green: block of similar residues; 3) blue on cyan: conserved residues;4) green on white: residues weakly similar to consensus residue; 5) black on white:non-similar residues. Positions of the conserved motifs in corresponding G-domains,D1 and D2 are mentioned below the aligned sequences, as represented by black bars.Sequences in the box represent switch regions in each of the two G-domains."}
{"text": "Evodia rutaecarpa and its major bioactive components and the involvement of the nitric oxide synthases, cyclooxygenase, NADPH oxidase, nuclear factor kappa B, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, reactive oxygen species, prostaglandins, tumor necrosis factor, LIGHT, amyloid protein and orexigenic neuropeptides. Their potential applications for the treatment of endotoxaemia, obesity, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and their uses as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal protective agents, analgesics, anti-oxidant, anti-atherosclerosis agents, dermatological agents and anti-infectious agents are highlighted. Stimulation of calcitonin gene-related peptide release may partially explain the analgesic, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal protective, anti-obese activities of Evodia rutaecarpa and its major bioactive components.This article reviews the anti-inflammatory relative and anti-infectious effects of  Inflammation is a protective physiological response of an organism to chemical, physical, infectious agents, environmental toxins, ischemia or an antigen-antibody interaction. However, prolonged or overactive inflammation may cause tissue damage. Inflammation is very common manifested as body temperature change, edema, itch and pain, occasionally as serious as septic shock, tissue cirrhosis, necrosis or cancer. In the United States, over 500,000 patients suffer from sepsis triggered by severe systemic inflammation per year .2O2, O2-), nitric oxide (NO) and substance P. Cells taking part in inflammation are erythrocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, platelet, natural killer cells, lymphocytes, mast cells, antigen presenting cells and dendritic cells -4(1H)-quinolone, 1-methyl-2-[-6.9-pentadecadienyl]-4(1H)-quinolone, 1-methyl-2-undecyl-4(1H)-quinolone, dihydroevocarpine and 1-methyl-2-pentadecyl-4(1H)-quinolone) isolated from Evodia rutaecarpa showed potent anti-Helicobacter pylori activity [Evodia rutaecarpa were anti-bacterial agents highly selective in vitro against H. pylori and almost non-active against other intestinal pathogens [In vivo studies on H. pylori infected Mongolian gerbils demonstrated that alkyl methyl quinolone compounds from Evodia rutaecarpa decreased the number of H. pylori and inhibited the H. pylori respiration [Among 300 herbal extracts screened for the anti-hepatitis B surface antigen capability, ve herbs . Ataninetaecarpa . Six quiactivity . Two alkathogens . In vivopiration ,102.Evodia rutaecarpa demonstrated vasodilating and antibacterial effects [Evodia rutaecarpa extract was reported to possess bactericidal activity against gram-positive cocci, P aeruginose and C albicans [Evodia elleryana leaves, stem wood, stem bark, root wood, root bark and petrol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate partition fractions showed a broad spectrum of anti-bacterial activity [Evodia elleryana bark also inhibited Mycobacterium tuberculosis [Evodia fatraina stem bark showed moderate in vitro anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum while the ethanol extract exhibited 65% suppression of Plasmodium berghei in mice [Three synthesized 2-alkenyl-4(1H)-quinolone compounds, one of which is found in  effects . Evodia albicans . Similaractivity . Extractrculosis . Ethyl a in mice .Evodia rutaecarpa and its major bioactive components. Other direct actions by the active components of Evodia rutaecarpa on different targets may account for various pharmacological effects of Evodia rutaecarpa.Stimulation of CGRP release may partially explain the analgesic, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal protective, anti-obese activities of 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin; 5-LO: 5-lipoxygenase; CCK: cholecystokinin; CCR: chemokine receptor; CGRP: calcitonin gene-related peptide; COX: cycloxygenase; DeHE: dehydroevodiamine; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK: extracellular-signal-regulated kinases; Evo: evodiamine; HSV: herpes simplex virus; IgE: immunoglobulin E; IL: interleukin; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; LIGHT: Homologous to Lymphotoxin, exhibits inducible expression, competes with Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoprotein D for binding to Herpes Virus entry Mediator (HVEM), a receptor on T lymphocytes; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; LT: leukotriene; MCH: melanin-concentrating hormone; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; NF-kappa B: nuclear factor kappa B; NO: nitric oxide; NOS: nitric oxide synthase; NPY: neuropeptide Y; PG: prostaglandins; PP: protein phosphatase; ROS: reactive oxgen species; Rut: rutaecarpine; SHR: spontaneously hypertensive rats; TNF-\u03b1: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; TPH2: tryptophan hydroxylase 2; TRPV1: transient receptor potential channel vanilloid type 1; TX: thromboxanes; UCP1: uncoupling protein-1; UVA: ultraviolet A radiation; UVB: ultraviolet B radiation; WT: Wuzhuyu Tang; WT/GFX: Wortmannin and GF-109 203XThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.CFC proposed the review and wrote the manuscript. JFL searched the literature, compiled and reviewed the information and revised the manuscript. WFC reviewed the information on NO, NOS and endotoxaemic rats. YCS reviewed the information on neutrophils and microglial cells. GJW reviewed the information on vascular smooth muscle cell, endothelial cell and electropharmacology. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.Evodia rutaecarpa and its bioactive components with potential clinic applicationsMechanisms of anti-inflammatory relative effects of . The known mechanisms for anti-inflammatory effects of Evodia rutaecarpa extracts and its bioactive components such as dehydroevodiamine (DeHE), evodiamine (Evo) and rutaecarpine (Rut) are summarized and their potential clinic applications are suggested in this file. Some reported pharmacological effects of Wuzhuyu Tang  are also listed. Please refer to the text for the detail and references.Click here for file"}
{"text": "AbstractPlatyscelio Kieffer  is a widespread group in the Old World, found from West Africa to northern Queensland, Australia. The species concepts are revised and a key to world species is presented. The genus is comprised of 6 species, including 2 known species which are redescribed: Platyscelio africanus Risbec ; and Platyscelio pulchricornis Kieffer . Five species-group names are considered to be junior synonyms of Platyscelio pulchricornis: Platyscelio abnormis Crawford syn. n., Platyscelio dunensis Mukerjee syn. n., Platyscelio mirabilis Dodd syn. n., Platyscelio punctatus Kieffer syn. n., and Platyscelio wilcoxi Fullaway. The following species are hypothesized and described as new taxa: Platyscelio arcuatus Taekul PageBreak& Johnson, sp. n. ; Platyscelio mysterium Taekul & Johnson, sp. n. ; Platyscelio mzantsi Taekul & Johnson, sp. n. (South Africa); and Platyscelio striga Taekul & Johnson, sp. n. .The genus  Platyscelio  are morphologically unique among the known Scelioninae by a number of characters, most distinctively the extremely flat body, the broad hypostomal bridge, and the absence of a netrion. The genus was originally described by Platyscelio pulchricornis from Dilo in British New Guinea. To date, six species-group taxa have been described. Five species are recorded in Asia, Australia and Oceania: Platyscelio pulchricornis Kieffer, Platyscelio abnormis Crawford, Platyscelio dunensis Mukerjee, Platyscelio mirabilis Dodd, and Platyscelio punctatus Kieffer. Only one species is known from Africa, Platyscelio africanus Risbec, described from Cameroon.Species of Platyscelio wasclassified within the subfamily Scelioninae of the family Scelionidae by Platyscelionini. Scelionidae and Platygastridae under the single name Platygastridae, but he did not address the status of their respective subfamilies or tribes. Platyscelionini is close to the tribe Scelionini, but did not substantiate this hypothesis. Scelioninae due to its lack of a netrion, the greatly reduced palpi, and the expansion of the female antennal scape into a flat, almost triangular piece armed laterally with a sharp spine. Platyscelio possesses a Scelio-type system. They also commented on two unusual features of the genus: the second gonocoxae are developed as broad membranous plates, and the lateral apodemes of the sixth metasomal sternum in the female protrude proximally past the telescopic tube at rest. Platyscelio was not included as a taxon in the most comprehensive attempt to infer relationships within the Platygastroidea published to date  include unidentified host eggs #790205) and rice in Papua New Guinea (BMNH(E)#790194)  (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). PageBreakAgyen-Sampong conducted all his observations in West Africa, mostly Sierra Leone. These data, albeit fragmentary, suggest that Conocephalus eggs are at least among the hosts of Platyscelio spp, across the range of the genus from West Africa to Australasia.The known hosts of species in the subfamilies  spiders . In the ost eggs . Two rea#790194) . Agyen-S#790194)  reportedPhaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), and also suggested that the strongly flattened body of Platyscelio may indicate that the species are phoretic in habit.Platyscelio has never been comprehensively reviewed or revised. Our goal of this paper is to present a taxonomic revision of the world species of the genus Platyscelio, as well as to expand the biogeographic data associated with these species. The taxonomic history of the genus is summarized and existing concepts are reviewed. Four new species are proposed, two from Western Australia, two from southern Africa.In more than a century since its original description, 1; ANIC, Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia 2; BMNH, The Natural History Museum, London, UK 3; CASC, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 4; CNCI, Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada 5; EMEC, Essig Museum of Entomology, Berkeley, CA 6; ISNB, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgium 7; MCSN, Museo Civico di Storia Naturale \u201cGiacomo Doria\u201d, Genova, Italy 8; MZLU, Lund University, Lund, Sweden 9; NZSI, Zoological Survey of India, North Regional Station, Uttaranchal, India 10; OSUC, C.A. Triplehorn Insect Collection, Columbus, OH 11; RMNH, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden, Netherlands 12; ROME, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada 13; SAMA, South Australian Museum, Adelaide, Australia 14; SAMC, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa 15; SANC, South African National Collection of Insects, Pretoria, South Africa 16; SCAU, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China 17; TARI, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute - Entomology, Taichung, Taiwan 18; UASK, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev, Ukraine 19; UCDC, University of California, Davis, CA 20; USNM, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 21; WINC, Waite Insect and Nematode Collection, Adelaide, Australia 22; ZMAS, Zoological Museum, Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia 23.This work is based upon specimens in the following collections, with abbreviations used in the text: AEIC, American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, FL antennomere 1, 2, \u2026 12A1, A2, ... A12;             \tdistribution of the large, multiporous basiconic sensilla on the underside of apical antennomeres of the female, with the segment interval specified followed by the number of sensilla per segment claval formula;             \tposterior ocellar line, the shortest distance between inner margins of posterior ocelliPOL;             \tocular ocellar line, the shortest distance from inner orbit and outer margin of lateral ocellus OOL;             \tmetasomal tergite 1, 2, ... 7T1, T2, ... T7.             \tMorphological terminology otherwise follows Abbreviations and morphological terms used in text:             \tPageBreakHymenoptera On-Line database, and details on the data associated with these specimens can be accessed at the following link, purl.oclc.org/NET/hymenoptera/hol, and entering the identifier in the form. Note the space between the acronym and the number.In the Material Examined the numbers prefixed with \u201cOSUC\u201d are unique identifiers for the individual specimens. The label data for all specimens have been georeferenced and recorded in the Platyscelio can be accessed at http://hol.osu.edu/index.html?id=543. Species descriptions were generated using a database application, vSysLab 24, designed to facilitate the production of a taxon by character data matrix, and to integrate those data with the existing taxonomic and specimen-level database. Data may be exported in both text format and as input files for other applications. The text output for descriptions is in the format of \u201cCharacter: Character state (s). Images and measurements were made using AutoMontage and Cartograph extended-focus software, using JVC KY-F75U digital camera, Leica Z16 APOA microscope, and 1X objectve lens. Images are achived at Morphbank and in Specimage25, the image database at The Ohio State University.Data associated with the genus 26 (Taxonomic Database Working Group). All new species have been prospectively registered with Zoobank ;  Platyscelio is distinguished from most other genera of Scelioninae sensu Platyscelio may be distinguished from them by the absence of a netrion; the mandibles are tridentate, with the middle tooth small; the postmarginal vein is very short or absent, clearly shorter than the stigmal vein; and vein R in the hind wing is complete, extending to the hamuli on the costal margin of the wing.Moderate-sized, length 3.0\u20135.6 mm; head prognathous, flattened anteroposteriorly, mesosoma and metasoma strongly dorsoventrally depressed; body black; macropterous.Head in dorsal view strongly transverse; vertex laterad of posterior ocellus smooth or with few faint striae, between posterior ocelli finely longitudinally striate; hyperoccipital carina present as fine ridge on vertex between compound eyes; occipital carina absent; posterior ocellus distinctly separated from inner orbit of compound eyes, OOL > diameter of ocellus; compound eye large, appearing glabrous; frons without depression, shallowly convex, with median longitudinal sulcus bifurcating dorsally near median ocellus and ventrally near toruli; interantennal process well-developed, narrow; torular triangle present; submedian carina sometimes present; orbital carina sometimes present; lower frons, including cheek, with weak fanlike striae arising from mandibular condyle; shortest distance on frons between eyes less than eye height; inner orbits weakly diverging ventrally; postclypeus strongly projecting above anteclypeus, subtriangular, anteclypeus short, longest medially, lateral corners not produced; malar sulcus present; gena variably expanded, smooth to longitudinally striate or with few faint striae; labrum hidden by clypeus; mandible short, apex tridentate, middle tooth distinctly shortest, teeth arranged transversely; maxillary palpus 2-segmented, all segments cylindrical; labial palpus 1-segmented, very short; antenna 12-merous in both sexes; radicle very broad, inserted into ventral apex of A1, nearly parallel to longitudinal axis of A1, with small lateral spine; A1 almost triangular and expanded outwardly into spine, particularly in female; A2 distinctly shorter than A3; gustatory sensilla on female antenna arranged in longitudinal pairs on apical antennomeres; clava laterally compressed, claval formula A12\u2013A8: 1-2-2-2-1; male antenna with tyloid on A5.PageBreakPlatyscelio arcuatus) transscutal articulation well developed; mesoscutellum rectangular in outline, truncate posteriorly, sculpture smooth to longitudinally striate; axilla small; posterior scutellar sulcus interrupted medially or complete; metanotum narrow, metascutellum clearly differentiated, size of metascutellum variable; dorsal surface of propodeum variable, weakly setose posteriorly; median propodeal sulcus present; plicae well developed; propodeal projections reduced; sternaulus absent; metapleural pit reduced; metapleural sulcus present dividing metapleuron into dorsal and ventral areas; setation of posterior half of ventral metapleural area variable; legs elongate; posterior surface of hind coxa smooth, glabrous to densely setose; trochantellus present; tibial spur formula 1-1-1; tarsal formula 5-5-5; tarsomeres cylindrical, broadening apically; pretarsal claw simple; apex of fore wing extending to or slightly beyond apex of S5 in female and S6 in male, hyaline or infuscate; R straight, extending slightly beyond basal half of length of wing, without strong, elongate bristles, gradually approaching costal margin apically, contiguous with costal margin for distance clearly exceeding length of r-rs ; r-rs straight; R1 usually absent, reduced, stumplike in some species (Platyscelio arcuatus and Platyscelio mzantsi) ; bulla absent; Rs+M  weakly to clearly indicated, nebulous; hind wing with R extending from base of wing to hamuli; three hamuli present.Mesosoma in dorsal view longer than wide, in lateral view much longer than high; pronotum in dorsal view strongly narrowed laterally, anterolateral corner weakly angulate; transverse pronotal carina absent; vertical epomial carina absent; dorsal epomial carina absent; lateral face of pronotum concave; netrion absent; anterior margin of mesoscutum strongly flexed ventrally to meet pronotum; mesoscutum semicircular in outline, posterolateral corner rounded; parapsidal line variably developed; notaulus variably developed: absent, nearly percurrent or percurrent, mesoscutum sometimes with strong sublateral carina paralleling notaulus; skaphion absent; prespecular sulcus and posterior mesepimeral sulcus present; speculum smooth, rarely longitudinally striate (Platyscelio striga); no spiracles visible; sculpture on T1\u2013T4 variable; S1 not laterally compressed; felt field absent.Metasoma elongate, parallel-sided, strongly flattened dorsoventrally; female with six visible terga and sterna, male with seven visible terga and sterna; second to fifth segments equal in length, third and fourth widest, subequal to each other in size; submarginal ridge developed, defined by narrow laterotergites to form deep submarginal rim; sublateral carina well developed on tergites, rarely absent , Platyscelio mysterium , and Platyscelio mzantsi (South Africa). Two species are widespread: Platyscelio africanus occurs in the Afrotropical realm from Senegal east to Yemen and south to South Africa; and Platyscelio pulchricornis is found in India and Southeast Asia east to Papua New Guinea and eastern Australia.The genus PageBreakPageBreakRisbecurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0814CE3A-F4CF-434C-98AA-8E882FA2F202urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5089Platyscelio africanus Body length of male: 2.95\u20134.35 mm (n=20). Body length of female: 3.46\u20134.28 mm (n=20).Length between anterior ocellus and posterior ocellar line in frontal view: less than 0.5 times POL. Striae within ocellar triangle: dense (greater than 20). Vertex sculpture between inner orbit and posterior ocellus: densely striate. Frontal sculpture between inner orbit and central keel: smooth. Submedial ventral area of head anterior to fossa: smooth, finely longitudinally striate posteriorly. Orbital carina: absent. Sculpture of malar region: smooth, faintly longitudinal striae with limited microsculpture near eye.Color of female antenna: A1\u2013A7 yellow to light brown, A8\u2013A12 dark brown to black. Female outer lateral apex of scape: sharply pointed. Claval shape: apical margin of A9\u2013A11 concave, closely fitting basal margin of following antennomere. Color of male antenna: yellow to light brown throughout.Sculpture on medial lobe of mesoscutum: longitudinally striate with elongate punctures. Setation of medial lobe of mesoscutum: moderately dense, even. Notaulus: present. Notaulus form: mesal and lateral margin arched. Length of notaulus: abbreviated, clearly not reaching anterior margin of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus anteriorly: parallel-sided. Pilosity of notaulus: absent. Number of lateral carinae on mesoscutum: 0. Medial carina of mesoscutum: absent. Parapsidal line: present. Posterior scutellar sulcus: complete. Setation of posterior half of ventral metapleural area: sparse (less than 25 setae). Metascutellum size: wide, metanotum lateral to metascutellum reduced, with 0\u20133 foveae. Sculpture on ventral metapleural area: longitudinally striate or with few reticulations. Median propodeal sulcus: widened posteriorly. Sculpture of submedian propodeal field: longitudinally striate. Posterolateral margin of propodeum: longitudinally striate laterally, rugulose posteriorly. Color of legs: coxae dark brown to black, otherwise yellow throughout, rarely hind femur dark brown.Female Postmarginal vein: absent. Fore wing: hyaline.Sculpture on T1: longitudinally striate with setigerous punctures medially. Sublateral carina on T2\u2013T4: present anteriorly, absent posteriorly. Sculpture on T2\u2013T4: setigerous punctures throughout, longitudinally striate anteriorly.Platyscelio africanus is similar to Platyscelio pulchricornis in the lack of sculpture on the frons between the inner orbit and the central keel. Itmay be distinguished by the complete posterior scutellar sulcus, and the sculpture on the margin of the propodeum is longitudinally striate laterally and rugulose posteriorly.PageBreakHolotype female: CAMEROON: Garoua (deposited in MNHN). Other material:  BENIN: 14 females, 5 males, CASENT 2137991 (CASC); OSUC 207951-207968 (CNCI). CAMEROON: 17 females, 7 males, BMNH(E)#790211, 848520-848536 (BMNH); CASENT 2137986 (CASC); OSUC 250657-250661 (CNCI). CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC: 1 female, 1 male, OSUC 176086, 247778 (SAMC). GHANA: 2 males, BMNH(E)#790201, 848510 (BMNH). GUINEA: 1 female, 1 male, OSUC 207895, 250625 (CNCI). GUINEA-BISSAU: 1 female, OSUC 253728 (MZLU). IVORY COAST: 22 females, 13 males, OSUC 207977-207983, 207986-208007 (CNCI); OSUC 58731-58736 (OSUC). KENYA: 2 females, 7 males, OSUC 173854, 207969-207976 (CNCI). MOZAMBIQUE: 3 males, OSUC 207948-207950 (CNCI). NIGERIA: 9 females, 5 males, BMNH(E)#790200 (BMNH); OSUC 250639-250650 (CNCI); OSUC 173856 (OSUC). SIERRA LEONE: 2 females, 5 males, BMNH(E)#790195, 848506 (BMNH); OSUC 253722-253726 (MZLU). SOUTH AFRICA: 2 females, 5 males, OSUC 207938, 207943-207946, 250663 (CNCI); OSUC 253727 (MZLU). TANZANIA: 3 females, 1 male, OSUC 253741-253744 (SAMC). TOGO: 1 female, OSUC 253754 (CNCI). UGANDA: 1 female, 1 male, OSUC 207984-207985 (CNCI). YEMEN: 1 female, 1 male, OSUC 250651-250652 (CNCI). ZIMBABWE: 1 female, BMNH(E)#790209 (BMNH).This species is widespread in the Afrotropical realm, extending from east Africa to Yemen and south to the north of South Africa. The color of the female antenna is variable: the scape is yellow to light brown, but in some specimens is dark brown to black . Body length of female: 3.48\u20133.97 mm (n=3).Length between anterior ocellus and posterior ocellar line in frontal view: greater than or equal to 0.5 times POL. Striae within ocellar triangle: sparse . Vertex sculpture between inner orbit and posterior ocellus: smooth or with few faint striae. Frontal sculpture between inner orbit and central keel: smooth. Submedial ventral area of head anterior to fossa: longitudinally striate throughout. Orbital carina: absent. Sculpture of malar region: longitudinally striate or with few faint striae.Color of female antenna: dark brown to black throughout. Female outer lateral apex of scape: sharply pointed. Claval shape: apical margin of A9\u2013A11 concave, closely fitting basal margin of following antennomere. Color of male antenna: dark brown to black throughout.Sculpture on medial lobe of mesoscutum: longitudinally striate. Setation of medial lobe of mesoscutum: sparse to glabrous. Notaulus: present. Notaulus form: mesal margin arched, lateral margin straight. Length of notaulus: percurrent or nearly so. Width of notaulus anteriorly: narrowed anteriorly. Pilosity of notaulus: present. Number of lateral carinae on mesoscutum: 0. Medial carina of mesoscutum: present. Parapsidal line: present. Posterior scutellar sulcus: interrupted medially or complete. Setation of posterior half of ventral metapleural area: sparse (less than 25 setae). Metascutellum size: narrow, metanotum lateral to metascutellum with 4\u20136 foveae. Sculpture on ventral metapleural area: longitudinally striate, coriaceous microsculpture within interstices or strongly reticulate rugose with foveolae. Median propodeal sulcus: narrow throughout length. Sculpture of submedian propodeal field: longitudinally striate, in male interstices with coriaceous microsculpture. Posterolateral margin of propodeum: reticulate rugose with foveolae throughout. Color of legs: coxae dark brown to black, otherwise yellow throughout.Postmarginal vein: reduced, stumplike. Fore wing: hyaline.Sculpture on T1: longitudinally striate, coriaceous microsculpture within interstices. Sublateral carina on T2\u2013T4: present, percurrent. Sculpture on T2\u2013T4: longitudinally striate with coriaceous microsculpture within interstices.Platyscelio arcuatus may be separated from Platyscelio striga  by the less densely striate sculpture within the ocellar triangle (20 striae or fewer).The epithet arcuatus, Latin for bent like a bow, refers to the shape of the notaulus.PageBreak250635 (deposited in ANIC). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 3 females, 1 male, OSUC 250633\u2013250636 (CNCI).Holotype female: AUSTRALIA: Western Australia, Keystone Rd., 3 km W Walpole, 34\u00b059.01'S 116\u00b040.76'E, George, Hawks, Munro, YPT, OSUC Taekul & Johnson sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9323A442-6603-4C4E-A1E4-5A48F7A291A4urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:242616Body length of male: 3.46\u20134.20 mm (n=7). Body length of female: 3.14\u20134.24 mm (n=8).PageBreaksculpture between inner orbit and posterior ocellus: densely striate. Frontal sculpture between inner orbit and central keel: longitudinally striate, striae extending through most of length of frons. Submedial ventral area of head anterior to fossa: smooth, finely longitudinally striate posteriorly. Orbital carina: present. Sculpture of malar region: longitudinally striate or with few faint striae.Length between anterior ocellus and posterior ocellar line in frontal view: less than 0.5 times POL. Striae within ocellar triangle: dense (greater than 20). Vertex Color of female antenna: A1\u2013A7 yellow to light brown, A8\u2013A12 dark brown to black. Female outer lateral apex of scape: sharply pointed. Claval shape: apical margin of A9\u2013A11 concave, closely fitting basal margin of following antennomere. Color of male antenna: brown or dark brown to black throughout.PageBreakscutellar sulcus: complete. Setation of posterior half of ventral metapleural area: sparse (less than 25 setae). Metascutellum size: wide, metanotum lateral to metascutellum reduced, with 0\u20133 foveae. Sculpture on ventral metapleural area: smooth anteriorly, coarsely foveolate punctate posteriorly. Median propodeal sulcus: narrow throughout length. Sculpture of submedian propodeal field: smooth throughout or with few faint striae. Posterolateral margin of propodeum: smooth laterally, longitudinally striate to rugulose posteriorly. Color of legs: coxae dark brown to black, otherwise variable.Sculpture on medial lobe of mesoscutum: longitudinally striate with elongate punctures. Setation of medial lobe of mesoscutum: moderately dense, even. Notaulus: absent. Pilosity of notaulus: absent. Number of lateral carinae on mesoscutum: 1. Medial carina of mesoscutum: absent. Parapsidal line: present. Posterior Postmarginal vein: absent. Fore wing: hyaline.Sculpture on T1: longitudinally striate laterally, uniformly setigerous punctate medially. Sublateral carina on T2\u2013T4: present anteriorly, absent posteriorly. Sculpture on T2\u2013T4: setigerous punctures throughout, longitudinally striate anteriorly.Platyscelio mysterium is distinguished from other species by the presence of only a single lateral carina on the mesoscutum, the lack of a notaulus, and the presence of orbital carinae on the frons . Paratypes:  BOTSWANA: 6 females, CASENT 2137987-2137990 (CASC); OSUC 250665 (CNCI). SOUTH AFRICA: 3 females, 13 males, BMNH(E)#790187-790189, 790196-790197, 790199, 848507-848509 (BMNH); OSUC 207935-207937, 207939, 207942, 207947 (CNCI); OSUC 230254 (OSUC). ZIMBABWE: 3 females, 1 male, OSUC 250653-250656 (CNCI).Some specimens show variability in the prominence of the sculpture between inner orbit and central keel on the frons.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7290F370-068F-458B-86BB-22CFEB2C2926urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:5091Platyscelio pulchricornis Platyscelio abnormis\t\t\t\t\t\t PageBreakPlatyscelio dunensis\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Platyscelio mirabilis\t\t\t\t\t\t\t Platyscelio punctatus\t\t\t\t\t\t\t PageBreakPlatyscelio wilcoxi Platyscelio abnormis Crawford);   Fullaway 1913: 283 ; Body length of male: 3.24\u20134.71 mm (n=20). Body length of female: 3.31\u20135.59 mm (n=20).PageBreakOrbital carina: absent. Sculpture of malar region: smooth, longitudinally striate or with few faint striae. Color of female antenna: dark brown to black throughout, A1\u2013A7 yellow to light brown, A8\u2013A12 dark brown to black, or A1\u2013A7 brown, A8\u2013A12 dark brown to black, in some antennae sequentially darker from scape to apex. Female outer lateral apex of scape: sharply pointed. Claval shape: apical margin of A9\u2013A11 concave, closely fitting basal margin of following antennomere. Color of male antenna: brown.Length between anterior ocellus and posterior ocellar line in frontal view: less than 0.5 times POL. Striae within ocellar triangle: dense (greater than 20). Vertex sculpture between inner orbit and posterior ocellus: smooth or with few faint striae. Frontal sculpture between inner orbit and central keel: smooth. Submedial ventral area of head anterior to fossa: smooth, finely longitudinally striate posteriorly. PageBreakcarina of mesoscutum: absent. Parapsidal line: present or absent or faint. Posterior scutellar sulcus: interrupted medially. Setation of posterior half of ventral metapleural area: dense (more than 25 setae). Metascutellum size: wide, metanotum lateral to metascutellum reduced, with 0\u20133 foveae. Sculpture on ventral metapleural area: smooth to faintly longitudinally striate, or longitudinally striate or with few reticulations. Median propodeal sulcus: narrow throughout length, widened posteriorly. Sculpture of submedian propodeal field: smooth throughout or with few faint striae or longitudinally striate. Posterolateral margin of propodeum: smooth laterally, longitudinally striate to rugulose posteriorly. Color of legs: coxae dark brown to black, otherwise brown, or coxae dark brown to black, otherwise yellow throughout.Sculpture on medial lobe of mesoscutum: longitudinally striate with elongate punctures. Setation of medial lobe of mesoscutum: moderately dense, even. Notaulus: present. Notaulus form: mesal and lateral margin arched. Length of notaulus: percurrent or nearly so, or abbreviated, clearly not reaching anterior margin of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus anteriorly: parallel-sided. Pilosity of notaulus: absent. Number of lateral carinae on mesoscutum: 0. Medial Postmarginal vein: absent. Fore wing: hyaline, infuscate.PageBreakSculpture on T1: longitudinally striate laterally, uniformly setigerous punctate medially. Sublateral carina on T2\u2013T4: present, percurrent. Sculpture on T2\u2013T4: uniformly setigerous punctate.Platyscelio pulchricornis can be separated from Platyscelio africanus by the medial absence of the posterior scutellar sulcus and the smoothness of submarginal propodeal field . Holotype male, Platyscelio abnormis:PHILIPPINES: R.E. Brown, (deposited in USNM Cat. No. 12895). Holotype male, Platyscelio dunensis: INDIA: Uttarakhand, Rishiskesh, 24.VI.1991, Mukerjee & party (deposited in PageBreakNZSI). Holotypefemale, Platyscelio mirabilis: AUSTRALIA: Queensland, Nelson, 16.II.1912, sweeping open forest (deposited in SAMA). Syntype male, Platyscelio punctatus: PHILIPPINES: Los Ba\u00f1os (deposited in USNM). Holotype male, Platyscelio wilcoxi: GUAM: USNM No. 26186 (deposited in USNM).Holotype female, PageBreak207896 (CNCI); OSUC 204851 (UCDC). JAPAN: 1 female, OSUC 173082 (UASK). MALAYSIA: 9 females, 5 males, BMNH(E)#790193, 790204 (BMNH); OSUC 207877-207883, 207885-207887, 207892 (CNCI); OSUC 207884 (SCAU). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 24 females, 21 males, BMNH(E)#790205, 848511-848517 (BMNH); CASENT 2137992-2138022 (CASC); OSUC 207897, 250626-250628 (CNCI); OSUC 160037-160038 (EMEC). PHILIPPINES: 3 females, 7 males, BMNH(E)#790184 (BMNH); OSUC 207875 (CNCI); OSUC 207842-207849 (USNM). SOLOMON ISLANDS: 1 female, BMNH(E)#848543 (BMNH). TAIWAN: 18 females, 11 males, OSUC 173803-173831 (TARI). THAILAND: 36 females, 2 males, 2 unknowns, BMNH(E)#790190, 790192, 790194, 848502-848505, 848541-848542 (BMNH); OSUC 207888-207890 (CNCI); OSUC 207837, 215797, 253701-253721, 253760-253762, 253764 (OSUC); OSUC 207891 (SCAU). VANUATU: 2 males, 1 unknown, BMNH(E)#790183, 790186, 790198 (BMNH). VIETNAM: 2 females, 3 males, OSUC 277708-277709 (RMNH); OSUC 184378-184380 (ZMAS).Other material:  AUSTRALIA: 1 female, 4 males, BMNH(E)#790202-790203, 790208 (BMNH); OSUC 250637 (CNCI); OSUC 141949 (OSUC). BANGLADESH: 1 female, OSUC 173855 (CNCI). CHINA: 2 females, 4 males, BMNH(E)#848537-848540 (BMNH); OSUC 321841-321842 (CNCI). GUAM: 3 females, 1 male, 3 unknowns, OSUC 250638 (CNCI); OSUC 207850-207852, 207856-207858 (USNM). INDIA: 7 females, 2 males, BMNH(E)#790185, 790206-790207, 848518-848519 (BMNH); OSUC 230648 (OSUC); OSUC 207838-207840 (USNM). INDONESIA: 13 females, 9 males, BMNH(E)#790210 (BMNH); OSUC 207859-207874, 207876, 207893-207894, Platyscelio pulchricornis.Some specimens show variability in antenna and leg color. Because of the uniformity of the principal characters \u2013 notaulus form and length, interrupted posterior scutellar sulcus, and the propodeal sculpture \u2013 we consider these specimens to be conspecific with Taekul & Johnson sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A1051E41-5E69-4792-8C30-7B2F928E56A8urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:242614Body length of male: 3.05\u20133.22 mm (n=2). Body length of female: 2.89\u20133.40 mm (n=2).Length between anterior ocellus and posterior ocellar line in frontal view: less than 0.5 times POL. Striae within ocellar triangle: dense (greater than 20). Vertex sculpture between inner orbit and posterior ocellus: smooth or with few faint striae. Frontal sculpture between inner orbit and central keel: with few (4\u20135) striae, striae limited to upper half of frons. Submedial ventral area of head anterior to fossa: longitudinally striate throughout. Orbital carina: absent. Sculpture of malar region: longitudinally striate or with few faint striae.Color of female antenna: A1\u2013A7 brown, A8\u2013A12 dark brown to black, in some antennae sequentially darker from scape to apex. Female outer lateral apex of scape: sharply pointed. Claval shape: apical margin of A9\u2013A11 straight, antennomeres distinctly separated. Color of male antenna: dark brown to black throughout.PageBreakanteriorly. Pilosity of notaulus: absent. Number of lateral carinae on mesoscutum: 2. Medial carina of mesoscutum: absent. Parapsidal line: absent or faint. Posterior scutellar sulcus: complete. Setation of posterior half of ventral metapleural area: sparse (less than 25 setae). Metascutellum size: wide, metanotum lateral to metascutellum reduced, with 0\u20133 foveae. Sculpture on ventral metapleural area: strongly reticulate rugose with foveolae. Median propodeal sulcus: narrow throughout length. Sculpture of submedian propodeal field: smooth throughout or with few faint striae. Posterolateral margin of propodeum: longitudinally striate laterally, rugulose posteriorly. Color of legs: coxae dark brown to black, otherwise yellow in female and brown in male.Sculpture on medial lobe of mesoscutum: longitudinally striate. Setation of medial lobe of mesoscutum: sparse to glabrous. Notaulus: present. Notaulus form: mesal margin arched, lateral margin straight. Length of notaulus: abbreviated, clearly not reaching anterior margin of mesoscutum. Width of notaulus anteriorly: narrowed Postmarginal vein: absent. Fore wing: hyaline.Sculpture on T1: longitudinally striate throughout. Sublateral carina on T2\u2013T4: absent. Sculpture on T2\u2013T4: longitudinally striate throughout, uniformly setigerous punctate within interstices on T3\u2013T4.PageBreakPlatyscelio striga is unique in the genus in having two lateral carinae on the mesoscutum , 30.XII\u20133.I.1987, Malaise trap, J.S. Noyes, OSUC 250630 (deposited in ANIC). Paratypes: AUSTRALIA: 1 female, 2 males, OSUC 250629, 250631, 250632 (CNCI).Taekul & Johnson sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D084EF48-4736-444F-916F-2C8CDE23E29Burn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:242617Body length of male: 3.21\u20134.53 mm (n=20). Body length of female: 3.14\u20134.23 mm (n=20).Length between anterior ocellus and posterior ocellar line in frontal view: greater than or equal to 0.5 times POL. Striae within ocellar triangle: sparse . Vertex sculpture between inner orbit and posterior ocellus: smooth or with few faint striae. Frontal sculpture between inner orbit and central keel: smooth. Submedial ventral area of head anterior to fossa: longitudinally striate throughout. Orbital carina: absent. Sculpture of malar region: longitudinally striate or with few faint striae.Color of female antenna: dark brown to black throughout. Female outer lateral apex of scape: bluntly rounded. Claval shape: apical margin of A9\u2013A11 concave, closely fitting basal margin of following antennomere. Color of male antenna: dark brown to black throughout.Sculpture on medial lobe of mesoscutum: longitudinally striate. Setation of medial lobe of mesoscutum: moderately dense, even. Notaulus: present. Notaulus form: mesal and lateral margin arched. Length of notaulus: percurrent or nearly so. Width of notaulus anteriorly: parallel-sided. Pilosity of notaulus: absent. Number of lateral carinae on mesoscutum: 0. Medial carina of mesoscutum: absent. Parapsidal line: present or absent or faint. Posterior scutellar sulcus: interrupted medially. Setation of posterior half of ventral metapleural area: sparse (less than 25 setae). Metascutellum size: narrow, metanotum lateral to metascutellum with 4\u20136 foveae. Sculpture on ventral metapleural area: longitudinally striate or with few reticulations. Median propodeal sulcus: narrow throughout length. Sculpture of submedian propodeal field: longitudinally striate. Posterolateral margin of propodeum: margined by coarsely punctate furrow. Color of legs: coxae dark brown to black, otherwise brown.Postmarginal vein: reduced, stumplike. Fore wing: hyaline or infuscate.PageBreakSculpture on T1: longitudinally striate throughout. Sublateral carina on T2\u2013T4: present, percurrent. Sculpture on T2\u2013T4: T2 longitudinally striate throughout, T3\u2013T4 longitudinally reticulate laterally, smooth medially.Platyscelio mzantsi may be separated from other African species by the sparse striae within ocellar triangle (20 or fewer), the narrow metascutellum, and the presence of 4\u20136 foveae on the metanotum laterad of the metascutellum . Paratypes: SOUTH AFRICA: 63 females, 31 males, OSUC 202440\u2013202441 (AEIC); OSUC 207908\u2013207934, 207941, 250662, 250664 (CNCI); OSUC 266101\u2013266102 (MZLU); OSUC 188488\u2013188489, 207830\u2013207836, 207898\u2013207907, 207940, 213995, 226020\u2013226023, 237213\u2013237217, 243454\u2013243458, 243506\u2013243507, 243790\u2013243791, 253729\u2013253740, 253745\u2013253753 (SAMC).Holotype female: SOUTH AFRICA: 34\u00b027.414'S 19\u00b021.393'E Western Cape, Walker Bay Nat. Res., 57 m, Site1, Malaise trap, S. Coast Strandveld,"}
{"text": "It is strongly desirable to understand the mechanism of metabolic regulation for catabolite regulation to improve the performance of fermentation.Most bacteria can use various compounds as carbon sources. These carbon sources can be either co-metabolized or sequentially metabolized, where the latter phenomenon typically occurs as catabolite repression. From the practical application point of view of utilizing lignocellulose for the production of biofuels etc., it is strongly desirable to ferment all sugars obtained by hydrolysis from lignocellulosic materials, where simultaneous consumption of sugars would benefit the formation of bioproducts. However, most organisms consume glucose prior to consumption of other carbon sources, and exhibit diauxic growth. It has been shown by fermentation experiments that simultaneous consumption of sugars can be attained by -1 using wild type Escherichia coli. The result indicates that the transcript levels of global regulators such as crp, cra, mlc and rpoS decreased, while those of fadR, iclR, soxR/S increased as the dilution rate increased. These affected the metabolic pathway genes, which in turn affected fermentation result where the specific glucose uptake rate, the specific acetate formation rate, and the specific CO2 evolution rate (CER) were increased as the dilution rate was increased. This was confirmed by the 13C-flux analysis. In order to make clear the catabolite regulation, the effect of crp gene knockout (\u0394crp) and crp enhancement (+crp) as well as mlc, mgsA, pgi and ptsG gene knockout on the metabolism was then investigated by the continuous culture at the dilution rate of 0.2 h-1 and by some batch cultures. In the case of \u0394crp  mutant, TCA cycle and glyoxylate were repressed, which caused acetate accumulation. In the case of + crpmutant, glycolysis, TCA cycle, and gluconeogenesis were activated, and simultaneous consumption of multiple carbon sources can be attained, but the glucose consumption rate became less due to repression of ptsG and ptsH by the activation of Mlc. Simultaneous consumption of multiple carbon sources could be attained by mgsA, pgi, and ptsG mutants due to increase in crp as well as cyaA, while glucose consumption rate became lower.In order to make clear the catabolic regulation mechanism, several continuous cultures were conducted at different dilution rates of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.7 hE. coli, and its crp, mlc, ptsG, pgi, and mgsA gene knockout mutants. The results indicate that catabolite repression can be relaxed and crp as well as cyaA can be increased by +, mgsA, pgicrp, and ptsG mutants, and thus simultaneous consumption of multiple carbon sources including glucose can be made, whereas the glucose uptake rate became lower as compared to wild type due to inactivation of ptsG in all the mutants considered.The transcriptional catabolite regulation mechanism was made clear for the wild type  Biomass samples were taken after another two residence times, where 200 mL of culture broth was taken for the measurement of biomass and extracellular metabolite concentrations, and the remaining 800 mL of the culture broth was processed for gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The biomass sample was kept on ice for 2-3 min, and the sample was centrifuged at 6,000 rpm at 2\u00b0C for 15 min [The labeling experiments were started after the steady state was confirmed. The unlabeled  feeding medium was replaced by an identical medium containing 3.2 g/l of unlabeled glucose, 0.4 g/l [U-r 15 min . The celr 15 min .Preparation of biomass hydrolysates and recording of the GC-MS spectra  were made as described previously ,28. The The detailed flux calculation is given previously . Briefly2 can contribute in generating ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. The pathways involved in electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation have variable stoichiometry due to the use of different dehydrogenases and cytochromes. Then the specific ATP production rate may be estimated by the following equation:The ATP production is made either by substrate level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation, where the reducing power of NADH and FADHNADH OPand OPFADH2 is the specific ATP production rates via oxidative phosphorylation, and those may be estimated bywhere and(P/O) and (P/O)are the P/O ratios for NADH and FADH2, respectively.where (P/O) to be 2 and (P/O)' to be 1.Here, we set vNADH may also be estimated by:The specific NADPH production rate 3PG: 3-Phosphoglyceric acid; 6PG: 6-Phosphogluconolactone; AKG: 2-Keto-D-gluconate; AcCoA: Acetyl-CoA; AcP: Acetylphosphate; ASP: Aspartate; ADP: Adenosine diphosphate; ATP: Adenosine-5'-triphosphate; AMP: Adenosine monophosphate; cAMP: Cyclic AMP; CIT: Citrate; DHAP: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate; E4P: Erythrose 4-phosphate; F1,6-BP: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; F6P: Fructose 6-phosphate; FUM: Fumarate; G6P: Glucose-6-phosphate; GAP: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate; GLX: Glyoxylate; ICIT: Isocitrate; NAD/NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NADP/NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; MAL: Malate; OAA: Oxaloacetate; P: Phosphate; PEP: Phosphoenolpyruvate; PYR: Pyruvate; R5P: Ribulose 5-phosphate; Ru5P: Ribose 5-phosphate; S7P: Sedoheptulose 7-phosphate; SUCCoA: Succinyl-CoA; SUC: Succinate; X5P: Xylulose 5-phosphate.Ack: Acetate kinase; AKGDH: 2-Keto-D-gluconate dehydrogenase; 6PGDH: 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; EI: Eyme I; EIIA: Ezyme IIA; EIICB: Ezyme IIB; EI-P: Posphorylated state of EI; EIIA-P: Posphorylated state of EIIA; EIICB-P: Posphorylated state of EIICB; G6PDH: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; ICDH: Isocitrate dehydrogenase; HPr: Histidine-containing protein; HPr-P: Phorylated state of HPr; Mdh: Malate dehydrogenase; Mez: Malic enzyme; Pck: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PDH: Pyruvate dehydrogenase; Pfk: Phosphofructokinase; Pyk: Pyruvate kinase; SDH: Succinate dehydrogenase; UQ: Ubiquinone;aceA: Isocitrate lyase gene; aceB: Malate synthase A gene; aceE, F: Pyruvate dehydrogenase gene; ackA: Acetate kinase gene; acnA/B: Aconitase gene; acs: Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase; arcA/B: Anoxic redox control protein; atpA: ATP synthase; cra: Catabolite repressor/activator; crp: Cyclic AMP receptor; crr: Catabolite repressor; cyaA: adenylate cyclase gene; cyoABCDE: Cytochrome o oxidase gene; cydAB: Cytochrome d oxidase gene; edd: 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene; eda: 2-Keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase gene; fadR: Fatty acid metabolism regulator; fnr: Fumarate/nitrate reduction transcriptional regulator; fumA, B, C: Fumarase gene; fur: Fe-responsive gene regulator; gltA: Citrate synthase gene; gnd: 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gene; icdA: Isocitrate dehydrogenase A gene; iclR: Isocitrate lyase regulator; lpdA: Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase gene; mdh: Malate dehydrogenase gene; mgsA: Methylglyoxal synthase gene; mlc: DNA-binding transcriptional repressor; ndh: NADH dehydrogenase gene; nuoABCEFGHIJKLMN: NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase; pckA: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene; pfkA: 6-Phosphofructokinase I gene;pgi: Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase gene; pgk: Phosphoglycerate kinase gene; ppc: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene; ppsA: Phosphoenolpyruvate synthase gene; pta: Phosphate acetyltransferase gene; ptsG, ptsHI: Pts gene; pykA, F: Pyruvate kinase gene; rpoS: RNA polymerase sigma factor; sdhC: Succinate dehydrogenase; sodA: Speroxide dismutase; soxR/S: Superoxide stress regulon; sdhABCD: Succinate dehydrogenase gene; sucA: 2-Oxoglutarate decarboxylase; sucB: Dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase; sucC: Succinyl-CoA ligase gene; sucD: Succinyl-CoA synthetase gene; talAB: Transaldolase gene; tktAB: Transketolase gene; tpiA: Triose phosphate isometase; ubiE: Uuinone/menaquinone biosynthesis methyltransferase gene; yfid: Autonomous glycyl radical cofactor; zwf: Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase gene.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.+ crpmutant and prepared other single gene knockout mutants. YQ discussed on the result obtained, and participated in preparing the manuscript, KS considered experimental design, analyzed the result, and prepared manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.RY carried out fermentation, GC-MS and RT-PCR experiments, assayed, made statistical analysis, YH carried out fermentation experiments, DS carried out fermentation and GC-MS experiments, KN constructed Global regulators and their regulated genes.Click here for fileThe effect of dilution rate on the metabolic flux distribution. All fluxes are given as absolute values (mmol/g/h) and as values relative to the specific glucose consumption rate (in parentheses), values in < > indicate exchange coefficients.Click here for fileThe effect of dilution rate (specific growth rate) on the specific ATP production rate (3a) and specific NADPH production rate (3b). Filled square symbols are from the present study, open triangle symbols are from [are from , while oare from .Click here for fileBatch fermentation result of using a mixture of glucose and xylose as a carbon source. (a) wild type, (b) crp+ mutant.Click here for fileContinuous fermentation result of using a mixture of glucose and xylose as a carbon source. (a) wild type, (b) + crpmutant.Click here for fileptsG mutantContinuous fermentation result of using a mixture of glucose and xylose as a carbon source for .Click here for filecrpBatch fermentation result of using glucose as a carbon source for \u0394.Click here for filemlc mutantBatch fermentation result of using glucose as a carbon source for .Click here for file"}
{"text": "AbstractDeinodryinus veltenisp. n. is described from middle Eocene Baltic amber. The species differs from other fossil Palaearctic species of Deinodryinus Perkins owing to the shape of the antenna , the large compound eyes, and the distal part of the stigmal vein much longer than the proximal part. A revision and a key to the fossil Palaearctic species of Deinodryinus Perkins, 1907 is presented. Dryinidae  are parasitoids of Auchenorrhyncha , from Baltic amber, and Deinodryinus? aptianus Olmi, Rasnitsyn & Guglielmino, 2010, a compression fossil from Early Cretaceous marl of the Khurilt rock unit (Mongolia). The latter species is tentatively placed within Deinodryinus given that it is uncertain whether the attribution of this Early Cretaceous species to a modern genus is justified. Insufficient characters were preserved in Deinodryinus? aptianus to support its placement in a new generic taxon.rrhyncha , 2007. T species : DeinodrDeinodryinus from Baltic amber, and the taxon is described herein.Recently we have discovered an additional new fossil species of The descriptions follow the terminology used by , 1999. TDeinodryinus? aptianus and Deinodryinus areolatus, respectively by The redescriptions of The material studied in the present paper is deposited in the following institutions:PIN A.A. Borissiak Palaeontological Institute,Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russia).SNMS Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde Stuttgart, Abt. Pal\u00e4ontologie\u2013Sektion Bernstein, Stuttgart (Germany).GenusPerkins, 1907http://species-id.net/wiki/DeinodryinusDeinodryinusDeinodryinus paradoxus Perkins, 1907, designated by  Perkins, 1907: 45. Type species: TrisanteonTrisanteon hirticornis , monotypic and original designation. Kieffer, 1913: 300 ; palpal formula 6/3; forewing usually with distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximal part, less frequently as long as, or shorter than proximal part; forewing usually with pterostigma four or more than four times as long as broad; antennal hairs usually much longer than breadth of segments, less frequently shorter than breadth of segments; vertex frequently with two strong oblique keels connecting posterior ocelli to occipital carina; paramere without dorsal process, usually with more or less large inner branch wrapping penis, less frequently with reduced inner branch; tibial spurs 1/1/2.Female: macropterous or micropterous; palpal formula 6/3; in macropterous specimens forewing usually with distal part of stigmal vein longer than proximalWorldwide.Cicadellidae  (100\u2013115 mybp).Female with antenna filiform and compound eye small .Female: macropterous; length 6.2 mm; length of main regions: head: 0.87 mm; antennae: 3.06 mm; mesosoma: 1.37 mm; prothorax: 0.87 mm; mePageBreaksothorax + metathorax + propodeum: 1.37 mm; metasoma: 3.12 mm. Antenna filiform . Palpi not visible. Compound eye small http://species-id.net/wiki/Deinodryinus_areolatusElectrodryinus areolatus N. Deinodryinus areolatus (N. Ponomarenko): Deinodryinus areolatus (N. Ponomarenko): Deinodryinus areolatus (N. Ponomarenko): Type: Holotype, female, Eocene Baltic amber (40\u201345 mybp).Female with antenna clavate and compound eye large ; distal Female: macropterous; length 4.5 mm. Head black, except anterior region of face brown; clypeus testaceous, except central brown spot; mandible testaceous, except teeth and proximal region brown; antenna testaceous; mesosoma and metasoma black; legs brown-testaceous. Antenna 10-segmented, clavate, densely hairy, less than three times as long as head (157:63); antennal segments in following proportions: 17:10:30:22:18:15:11:11:10:13. Clypeus with anterior margin weakly emarginated. Antennal torulus distinctly separated from epistomal sulcus. Mandible with four teeth progressing larger from anterior one to posterior. Compound eye apparently bare, normally protruding. Subocular sulcus present. Occipital carina complete. Temple prominent. Posterior ocelli hardly visible, not touching occipital carina. Palpal formula 6/3. Pronotum not crossed by transverse impressions; pronotal tubercle reaching tegula; posterior margin of pronotum longer than anterior margin. Thoracic structure similar to that of extant Deinodryinus. Scutum shiny, finely punctate, longer than pronotum (20:15). Notauli complete, posteriorly separated. Propodeum reticulate rugose, with areolae very broad; dorsal surface approximately as long as posterior surface; posterior surface very steep, not distincly visible. Petiole distinct. Forewing hyaline, without dark transverse bands, with normal venation of Anteoninae; pterostigma narrow, more than four times as long as broad (40:8); marginal cell open; distal part of stigmal vein about PageBreakas long as proximal part (18:17); stigmal vein not S-shaped. Forewing with usual three basal cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins . Shape of wings usual for Deinodryinus. Protrochanter not slender, without proximal slender stalk, slightly longer than broad (10:6). Segment 3 of protarsus produced into hook; segment 1 of protarsus slightly shorter than segment 4 (15:17). Forelegs chelate. Chela without rudimentary claw. Arolium much shorter than enlarged claw (7:32). Enlarged claw without subapical tooth and other teeth. Segment 5 of protarsus about as long as enlarged claw, with lamellae hardly visible. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.Male: unknown.Unknown.In the holotype the sculpture of the vertex, face, and pronotum is hardly visible; the scutellum and metanotum are not visible.Guglielmino & Olmisp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AD16D59C-D1EF-4DF9-8ACC-F1E55C42DAA2http://species-id.net/wiki/Deinodryinus_velteniPageBreakThe species is named after Mr. J\u00fcrgen Velten .Type: Holotype, female, Eocene Baltic amber (40\u201345 mybp) (SMSN).Female with antenna clavate and compound eye large ; distal Female: macropterous; length 4.0 mm. Colour apparently brown-black, except palpi testaceous. Antenna 10-segmented, clavate, short, covered with dense and short hairs, thickened distally; antennal rhinaria absent; antennal segments in following proportions: 5:7:8:13:10:9:8:6:6:9; antenna much shorter than body, approximately three times as long as head : 75:25. Head only partly visible, slightly convex, dull, apparently granulated and hairless; occiput excavated; compound eye normally bulging; ocelli partly visible; ocellar triangle apparently equilaterPageBreakal; temple distinct. Pronotum long, crossed by anterior strong transverse impression, with posterior disc, without posterior collar; pronotum apparently almost glabrous, shiny, slightly shorter than head (22:25); pronotal disc flat posteriorly, much longer than anterior collar; pronotal tubercle reaching tegula. Scutum dull, apparently glabrous, granulated, slightly shorter than pronotum (19:22). Notauli complete, posteriorly separated; minimum distance between notauli approximately as long as antennal segment 2. Scutellum very humped . Pterostigma shape similar to that of extant Deinodryinus. Marginal cell open. Stigmal vein not S-shaped, with distal part much longer than proximal part (20:14); stigmal vein forming an angle between proximal and distal parts. Forewing with usual three basal cells clearly enclosed by pigmented veins . Hindwing apparently slightly darkened. Hindwing shape usual for Anteoninae. Foreleg segments in following proportions: 30 (coxa): 7 (trochanter): 43 (femur): 29 (tibia): 7 (tarsomere 1): 3 (tarsomere 2): 5 (tarsomere 3): 11 (tarsomere 4): 24 (tarsomere 5). Foreleg chelate. Enlarged claw slightly shorter than tarsomere 5 (22:24). Protrochanter short, slightly longer than broad (7:5). Protrochanter shape similar to that of Anteoninae. Tarsomeres 2 and 3 of protarsus produced into a hook. Rudimentary claw absent. Arolium much shorter than enlarged claw (8:22). Distal apex of enlarged claw apparently pointed. Tarsomere 5 of protarsus with numerous lamellae on inner margin and distal apex. Midleg segments in following proportions: 12 (coxa): 8 (trochanter): 26 (femur): 24 (tibia): 22 (tarsomere 1): 9 (tarsomere 2): 6 (tarsomere 3): 4 (tarsomere 4): 6 (tarsomere 5). Hindleg segments in following proportions: 19 (coxa): 5 (trochanter): 33 (femur): 32 (tibia): 23 (tarsomere 1): 10 (tarsomere 2): 8 (tarsomere 3): 4 (tarsomere 4): 6 (tarsomere 5). Petiole shape and length usual for Anteoninae. Palpal formula 6/3. Shape, length and breadth of wings usual for Anteoninae. Shape and morphology of body usual for Anteoninae. Tibial spurs 1/1/2.y humped , much shy humped , shorterMale: unknown.Unknown.PageBreakIn the holotype the clypeus, mandibular teeth, frontal line, occipital carina, POL, OL, OOL, OPL, TL, and posterior surface of the propodeum are not visible; the sculpture of the pronotum, scutellum, metanotum, and mesopleura is not distinct; the enlarged claw is only partly visible because of a closed chela so that it is not possible to see if there are subapical teeth and lamellae; and tarsomere 5 of the protarsus is only partly visible so that it is impossible to count the lamellae and to see if there are one or two rows of lamellae.Deinodryinus is present in all zoogeographical regions: six species are Palaearctic; 22 Afrotropical; nine Oriental; three Nearctic; 110 Neotropical; and two Australian. The only known fossil species have been found in the Palaearctic region, and all have been summarized in the present paper. Because of its geographic distribution, Deinodryinus is considered a \u2018Pangean\u2019 genus  and Deinodryinus hispanicus ], and one in the Nearctic region [Deinodryinus atriventris ]. The presence of fossil species in Baltic amber and Early Cretaceous Mongolia marl perhaps indicates that these areas had relatively warm climates in the past, conclusions supported by other faunal and floral elements in these deposits, and that the genus had a much wider distribution.With 152 species, the genus n\u2019 genus . The genDeinodryinus areolatus and Deinodryinus velteni do not exhibit significant differences from extant species of the genus. This is common with many fossil dryinids. By contrast, Deinodryinus? aptianus, visible only in ventral aspect, with legs partly missing and the chela hardly distinct, is difficult to interpret. As mentioned above, attribution to Deinodryinus is only tentative and based on the shape of the pterostigma and stigmal vein and by the presence in the forewing of three basal cells completely enclosed by pigmented veins. However, the presence of filiform antennae, a character present in very few females of dryinids and rare in Deinodryinus , makes this attribution somewhat suspect. Accordingly, our assignment of this species to Deinodryinus remains speculative and we hope for the eventual discovery of more completely preserved material so as to clarify the generic status of this ancient taxon.From a morphological standpoint,"}
{"text": "The mid-point of the ligand is located on an inversion center, and shows a trans conformation. The ligands link the ZnII ions, forming a chain structure along [10-1].In the title compound, [ZnCl DOI: 10.1107/S1600536812014043/hy2529Isup2.hklStructure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF reportAdditional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "Manduca sexta larvae are necessary and sufficient to elicit the herbivory-specific responses in Nicotiana attenuata, an annual wild tobacco species. How FACs are perceived and activate signal transduction mechanisms is unknown.Plants trigger and tailor defense responses after perception of the oral secretions (OS) of attacking specialist lepidopteran larvae. Fatty acid-amino acid conjugates (FACs) in the OS of the N-linolenoyl-glutamic acid (18:3-Glu) and virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) to examine the function of candidate genes in the M. sexta-N. attenuata interaction. The analysis targeted mRNAs encoding regulatory components: rare transcripts with very rapid FAC-elicited kinetics (increases within 60 and declines within 120 min). From 12,744 unique Tag sequences identified (UniTags), 430 and 117 were significantly up- and down-regulated \u2265 2.5-fold, respectively, after 18:3-Glu elicitation compared to wounding. Based on gene ontology classification, more than 25% of the annotated UniTags corresponded to putative regulatory components, including 30 transcriptional regulators and 22 protein kinases. Quantitative PCR analysis was used to analyze the FAC-dependent regulation of a subset of 27 of these UniTags and for most of them a rapid and transient induction was confirmed. Six FAC-regulated genes were functionally characterized by VIGS and two, a putative lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP) and a protein of unknown function, were identified as important mediators of the M. sexta-N. attenuata interaction.We used SuperSAGE combined with 454 sequencing to quantify the early transcriptional changes elicited by the FAC N. attenuata after FAC elicitation using SuperSAGE/454 has identified regulatory genes involved in insect-specific mediated responses in plants. Moreover, it has provided a foundation for the identification of additional novel regulators associated with this process.The analysis of the early changes in the transcriptome of  Nicotiana attenuata is an annual native to Southwestern USA that germinates from seed banks in response to factors in wood smoke after fires . Statistical analysis of differentially expressed tags was calculated according to -dihydro-JA and [13C6]-JA-Ile. Homogenates were centrifuged for 10 min at 4\u00b0C, the organic phase collected and plant material re-extracted with 0.5 mL ethylacetate. Organic phases were combined and the samples evaporated to dryness. The dry residue was reconstituted in 0.2 mL of 70% (v/v) methanol/water for analysis on a LC-(ESI)-MS/MS system as previously described . The accession numbers for ESTs corresponding to the extended Unitag sequences are Tag-129: [GenBank: GT184388]; Tag-837: [GenBank: GT184389]; Tag-895: [GenBank: GT184390]; Tag-995: [GenBank: GT184391]; Tag-1439: [GenBank: GT184392]; Tag-1844: [GenBank: GT184393]; Tag-2067: [GenBank: GT184394]; Tag-2452: [GenBank: GT184395]; Tag-2815: [GenBank: GT184396]; Tag-2978: [GenBank: GT184397]; Tag-2990: [GenBank: GT184398]; Tag-4898: [GenBank: GT184399]; Tag-5283: [GenBank: GT184400]; Tag-5869: [GenBank: GT184401]; Tag-6032: [GenBank: GT184402]; Tag-6199: [GenBank: GT184403]; Tag-6205: [GenBank: GT184404]; Tag-6642: [GenBank: GT184405]; Tag-6938: [GenBank: GT184406]; Tag-7036: [GenBank: GT184407]; Tag-7795: [GenBank: GT184408]; Tag-9719: [GenBank: GT184409]; Tag-10039: [GenBank: GT184410]; Tag-11166: [GenBank: GT184411]; Tag-11559: [GenBank: GT184412]; Tag-12314: [GenBank: GT184413].The SuperSAGE data was deposited in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) public domain under the accession [GenBank: PG and GB carried out the experiments, analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript. RJ and BR carried out experiments and analyzed the data. SS analyzed the data. ITB participated in the design and coordination of the study and helped to draft the manuscript. GB conceived of the study, participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Complete list of UniTag sequences, copy numbers, and annotations to GenBank nucleotide databases.Click here for fileComplete list of differentially expressed UniTags and GO categorization.Click here for fileSupplementary Figures. Figure S1. Analysis of mRNA accumulation corresponding to 12 UniTags by qPCR. Figure S2. M.sexta larval performance on VIGS silenced plants.Click here for fileList of differentially expressed UniTags previously identified by differential expression techniques.Click here for fileSupplementary Tables. Table S1. Primers for elongation of cDNAs correspondig to UniTags. Table S2. Primers for qPCR. Table S3. Primers for VIGS analysis.Click here for file"}
{"text": "AbstractEupolybothruscavernicolus Komeri\u010dki & Stoev sp. n. (Chilopoda: Lithobiomorpha: Lithobiidae), found in a remote karst region in Knin, Croatia, is the first eukaryotic species for which, in addition to the traditional morphological description, we provide a fully sequenced transcriptome, a DNA barcode, detailed anatomical X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) scans, and a movie of the living specimen to document important traits of its ex-situ behaviour. By employing micro-CT scanning in a new species for the first time, we create a high-resolution morphological and anatomical dataset that allows virtual reconstructions of the specimen and subsequent interactive manipulation to test the recently introduced \u2018cybertype\u2019 notion. In addition, the transcriptome was recorded with a total of 67,785 scaffolds, having an average length of 812 bp and N50 of 1,448 bp (see GigaDB). Subsequent annotation of 22,866 scaffolds was conducted by tracing homologs against current available databases, including Nr, SwissProt and COG. This pilot project illustrates a workflow of producing, storing, publishing and disseminating large data sets associated with a description of a new taxon. All data have been deposited in publicly accessible repositories, such as GigaScience GigaDB, NCBI, BOLD, Morphbank and Morphosource, and the respective open licenses used ensure their accessibility and re-usability.We demonstrate how a classical taxonomic description of a new species can be enhanced by applying new generation molecular methods, and novel computing and imaging technologies. A cave-dwelling centipede,  Index of Organism Names), animal diversity on the planet continues to decline with unprecedented speed , and a video of a living specimen showing behavioural features. In this increasingly data-driven era, a further aim of this study is to set a new standard for handling, management and publishing of various data types. It is essential that data are easily accessible to researchers in every field of science, and able to be integrated from many sources, to tackle complex and novel scientific hypotheses. Rapid advances and increasing throughput of technologies such as phenotyping, genome-scale sequencing and meta-barcoding are now producing huge volumes of data, but there has been a lag in efforts to curate, present, harmonise and integrate these data to make them more accessible and re-usable for the community. Furthermore, by employing micro-CT scanning we test for the first time in a new taxon the recently introduced \u2018cybertype\u2019 notion , Eupolybothruslitoralis  and Eupolybothrustridentinus  species-groups, as recently revealed by application of DNA barcoding . Two other studies , the National Museum of Natural History, Sofia (NMNHS) and the Natural History Museum of Denmark (ZMUC). The specimens were preserved in ethanol (70 or 96%) or RNAlater . The morphological study of the new species was performed at NMNHS and CBSSS with a Zeiss microscope. For scanning electron microscopy (performed at ZMUC), parts of the specimens were cleaned by ultrasonification, transferred to 96% ethanol and then to acetone, air-dried, mounted on adhesive electrical tape attached to aluminium stubs, coated with platinum/palladium and studied in a JEOL JSM-6335F scanning electron microscope. Images were edited in Adobe Lightroom 4.3 and Adobe Photoshop CS 5. All morphological images have been deposited in Morphbank. Terminology for external anatomy follows The present study is based on eight specimens of DNA barcode sequencingDNA extraction and amplification. All specimen data are stored in the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) online database and are available also in the dataset DS-EUPCAV (http://dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-EUPCAV), where they are linked to the respective Barcode Index Numbers clusters. This dataset contains sequences from ten species: Eupolybothruscavernicolus Komeri\u010dki & Stoev sp. n., Eupolybothrusleostygis , Eupolybothrusobrovensis , Eupolybothrusgrossipes , Eupolybothrusgloriastygis , Eupolybothrusnudicornis, Eupolybothruslitoralis, Eupolybothruskahfi, Eupolybothrustranssylvanicus  and Eupolybothrustridentinus. In addition, all sequences were registered in GenBank , one sequence of Eupolybothrusfasciatus  was recovered from GenBank (accession number AY214420). Two sequences from two Lithobiusspecies were included as outgroups: Lithobiusaustriacus  (MYFAB442-11) and Lithobiuscrassipes L. Koch, 1962 (MYFAB443-11). The final dataset comprises 39 sequences. Molecular delimitation of species was achieved by the implementation of the Automatic Barcoding Gap Discovery (ABGD) procedure as described in DNA extraction was conducted in the the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding, Guelph on complete animals or part of the leg of the specimens preserved in 96% ethanol. Standard protocols of the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding were used for both For the ABGD method, we tested various model combinations to cross-check the obtained results: relative gap with (X) ranging from 0.05 to 1.5, minimal intraspecific distance (Pmin) of 0.001 and maximal intraspecific distance (Pmax) ranging from 0.02 to 0.11. Pmin and Pmax refer to the genetic distance area where the barcoding gap should be detected, whereas X defines the width of the gap. Distance calculation was based on the Kimura-2-parameter model and a transition/transversion ratio of 2.0. The method was performed in 100 steps. Statistical Parsimony networks for the delineation of species were reconstructed on the basis of 95% statistical confidence (i.e. connection probability) using the program TCS 1.21 . The NJ-Transcriptome sequencingEupolybothruscavernicolus Komeri\u010dki & Stoev sp. n. was crushed and preserved in liquid RNAlater  immediately after being captured. To extract total RNA, TRIzol reagent  was used according to the manufacturer\u2019s instructions. Messenger RNA (mRNA) was isolated from total RNA using a Dynabeads mRNA Purification Kit . The mRNA was fragmented and transcribed into first-strand cDNA using SuperScript\u2122II Reverse Transcriptase  and N6 primer (IDT). RNase H  and DNA polymerase I  were subsequently applied to synthesize the second-strand of the cDNA. The double-stranded cDNA then underwent end-repair, a single \u2018A\u2019 base addition, adapter ligation, and size selection, indexed and PCR amplified to construct a library. The extracted cDNA was utilised for library construction with an insert size of 250 bp. Finally, the library was sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing platform  at BGI-Shenzhen using a 150bp pair-end strategy to generate a total of 2.5 Gb raw reads. Illumina HCS1.5.15.1 + RTA1.13.48.0 were applied to generate a \u201cbcl\u201d file which was then downloaded to local computers. Secondly, the \u201cbcl\u201d file was converted to qseq format using BclConverter-1.9.0-11-03-08. Finally, we separated individual sample data from multiplexed machine runs based on the specific barcode primer sequences, and converted the file format to fastq.One entire adult male specimen of The micro-CT scanning of one adult female specimen was performed at Bruker microCT, Kontich, Belgium, using a SkyScan 1172 system with the following settings: 40kV, 0.43\u00b0 rotation step, acquiring 839 projection images from 360\u00b0 with a pixel size of 8\u00b5m. Prior to scanning, the sample was dehydrated in graded ethanol: 50%, 70%, 90%, 100%, for 2 hours in total, and then transferred to HMDS (hexamethyldisilasane) for 2 hours, and air dried. Reconstruction was done with the SkyScan software NRecon, using a modified Feldkamp algorithm, and adjusting for beam hardening and applying ring artefact correction resulting in 3865 cross sections in. bmp format, with image size 2000x2000 pixels. The video of 3D volume renderings was created with CTVox, using the flight recorder function, and saved as an AVI (Audio Video Interface) file. The obtained data were processed through a transfer function where the different voxels with different grey value were (or weren't) made opaque and where the color was assigned to a certain grey value. The image stack is stored in GigaDB  under a \u2013 TergiteT, \u2013 TergitesTT, Legs: \u2013 leftL, \u2013 rightR; Plectrotaxy table: \u2013 coxaCx, \u2013 trochanterTr, \u2013 prefemurPf, \u2013 femurF, \u2013 tibiaT, a, m, p stand for spines in respectively, anterior, medial and posterior position.Komeri\u010dki & Stoev, 2013sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F9A6F3C-687A-436A-9497-70596584678Chttp://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/data/view/ERP003841http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/experiments/E-MTAB-1859http://dx.doi.org/10.5524/100063KF715043KF715049KF715050KF715059http://dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-EUPCAV999021821&tsn=truehttp://morphosource.org/index.php/Detail/SpecimenDetail/Show/specimen_id/514Occurrence: recordedBy: M. Luki\u0107; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: Croatia; stateProvince: Knin; locality: NP Krka, village Kistanje, Hydroelectric power plant Miljacka, cave Miljacka II; verbatimElevation: 115 m; verbatimLatitude: 44\u00b000'01.1''N; verbatimLongitude: 16\u00b000'58.5''E; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collected under clay sediment; eventDate: 9 February 2013; Record Level: institutionCode: CBSS; collectionCode: CHP536Occurrence: recordedBy: A. Komeri\u010dki; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: Croatia; stateProvince: Knin; locality: NP Krka, village Kistanje, Hydroelectric power plant Miljacka, cave Miljacka II; verbatimElevation: 115 m; verbatimLatitude: 44\u00b000'01.1''N; verbatimLongitude: 16\u00b000'58.5''E; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collected under lump of clay; eventDate: 18 October 2012; Record Level: institutionCode: CBSS; collectionCode: CHP517Occurrence: recordedBy: M. Luki\u0107; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: Croatia; stateProvince: Knin; verbatimLocality: NP Krka, village Kistanje, Hydroelectric power plant Miljacka, cave Miljacka II; verbatimElevation: 115 m; verbatimLatitude: 44\u00b000'01.1''N; verbatimLongitude: 16\u00b000'58.5''E; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collected; eventDate: 9 February 2013; Record Level: institutionCode: BGIOccurrence: recordedBy: H. Cvitanovi\u0107 & A. Komeri\u010dki; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: Croatia; stateProvince: Knin; verbatimLocality: NP Krka, village Kistanje, Hydroelectric power plant Miljacka, cave Miljacka II; verbatimElevation: 115 m; verbatimLatitude: 44\u00b000'01.1''N; verbatimLongitude: 16\u00b000'58.5''E; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collected; eventDate: 18 October 2012; Record Level: institutionCode: NMNHS; collectionCode: NMNHS-CHILOPODA-1/2013Occurrence: recordedBy: A. Kirin & A. Komeri\u010dki; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: Croatia; stateProvince: Knin; verbatimLocality: NP Krka, village Kistanje, Hydroelectric power plant Miljacka, cave Miljacka II; verbatimElevation: 115 m; verbatimLatitude: 44\u00b000'01.1''N; verbatimLongitude: 16\u00b000'58.5''E; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collected; eventDate: 4 May 2010; Record Level: institutionCode: ZMUC; collectionCode: zmuc00029439Occurrence: recordedBy: M. Luki\u0107; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: Croatia; stateProvince: Knin; verbatimLocality: NP Krka, village Kistanje, cave Miljacka IV (= \u0160pilja kod mlina na Miljacki); verbatimElevation: 115 m; verbatimLatitude: 44\u00b000'12.8''N; verbatimLongitude: 16\u00b001'08.8''E; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collected; eventDate: 4 May 2010; Record Level: institutionCode: ZMUC; collectionCode: zmuc00029440Occurrence: recordedBy: A. Kirin; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: subadult; Location: country: Croatia; stateProvince: Knin; verbatimLocality: NP Krka, village Kistanje, Hydroelectric power plant Miljacka, cave Miljacka II; verbatimElevation: 115 m; verbatimLatitude: 44\u00b000'01.1''N; verbatimLongitude: 16\u00b000'58.5''E; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collected; eventDate: 4 May 2010; Record Level: institutionCode: CBSS; collectionCode: CHP420Occurrence: recordedBy: A. Komeri\u010dki; individualCount: 1; sex: damaged female; lifeStage: subadult; Location: country: Croatia; stateProvince: Knin; verbatimLocality: NP Krka, village Kistanje, cave Miljacka IV (= \u0160pilja kod mlina na Miljacki); verbatimElevation: 115 m; verbatimLatitude: 44\u00b000'12.8''N; verbatimLongitude: 16\u00b001'08.8''E; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collected; eventDate: 4 May 2010; Record Level: institutionCode: CBSS; collectionCode: CHP416Occurrence: recordedBy: A. Komeri\u010dki; individualCount: 1; sex: damaged male; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: Croatia; stateProvince: Knin; verbatimLocality: NP Krka, village Kistanje, Hydroelectric power plant Miljacka, cave Miljacka II; verbatimElevation: 115 m; verbatimLatitude: 44\u00b000'01.1''N; verbatimLongitude: 16\u00b000'58.5''E; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collected; eventDate: 21 October 2012; Record Level: institutionCode: CBSS; collectionCode: CHP552Body length:approx. 30 mm ; leg 15 \u2013 22.6 mm long, or 75% length of body.Color: uniformly yellow-brownish to chestnut, margins of cephalic plate slightly darker than inner parts , as wide as T1 , oval, situated on subtriangular sclerotisation below the inferiormost row of seriate ocelli  or T9 (left) when folded backwards, basal 2 articles enlarged, less pilose; posterior 30 articles visibly longer than broad, ultimate article approx. 1.3 times longer than penultimate one . All tergites smooth, setae present only on their lateral margins.Legs: leg 15 longest; leg 14 approx. 25% longer than legs 1-12, leg 13 only slightly longer than legs 1-12; pretarsus of legs 1\u201314 with expanded fundus, larger posterior accessory claw (approx. 1/3rd of fundus) and a slightly thinner and shorter anterior accessory claw  with characteristic bi- and tripartite tip , as wide as anterior part of T1; surface smooth, with several pits scattered throughout the head and giving rise to trichoid setae. Cephalic median sulcus contributing to biconvex anterior margin, marginal ridge with a median thickening; posterior margin slightly concave; transverse suture situated at about 1/3 of anterior edge; posterior limbs of transverse suture visible, connecting basal antennal article with anterior part of ocellar area. Ocelli: 18 blackish, subequal in size, in 3-4 rows. T\u00f6m\u00f6sv\u00e1ry\u2019s organ: moderately large (as large as or slightly larger than a medium ocellus), oval, situated slightly above the cephalic edge below the inferiormost row of ocelli. Clypeus: with a cluster of about 25 trichoid setae situated on the apex. Antennae: approx. 22 mm long, composed of 67 articles, reaching the middle of T10 when folded backwards, basal 2 articles enlarged, less setose; posterior 30 articles visibly longer than broad, ultimate article approx. 1.3 times longer than penultimate one. Forcipules: coxosternite subpentagonal, shoulders almost absent, lateral margins straight; anterior margin set off as a rim by furrow; coxosternal teeth 7+7, median diastema well-developed, V-shaped, subparallel and narrow, porodont arising from a pit below the dental rim, situated lateral to the lateralmost tooth; base of porodont thinner then adjacent tooth, coxosternite sparsely setose anteriorly; setae moderately large, irregularly dispersed. Medial side of forcipular trochanteroprefemur, femur and tibia and proximal part of forcipular tarsungulum setose. Distal part of forcipular tarsungulum about 3 times longer than proximal part.Tergites: T1 wider than long, subtrapeziform wider anteriorly, posterior margin slightly concave; TT3 and 5 more elongated than T1, posterior margin slightly concave medially, posterior angles rounded; T2 almost entirely covered by T1, only posteriormost part surpassing the margin of T1; posterior margin of TT4 and 6 straight, posterior angles abruptly rounded; T7 rectangular, posterior margin straight, posterior angles abruptly rounded; T8 approx. 1.4 times longer than T7, posterior margin of T8 slightly concave medially, angles abruptly rounded; TT9, 11, 13 with a well-developed posterior triangular projections; TT10 and 12 subequal in size, approx. 1.2 times longer than T8, posterior margin slightly emarginated; posterior margin of T14 slightly emarginated, surface smooth, posterior-most part covered with just a few trichoid setae  absent.Legs: leg 15 longest, leg 14 latter approx. 25% longer than legs 1-12, leg 13 only slightly longer than legs 1-12; pretarsus of legs 1\u201314 with a more expanded fundus, larger posterior accessory claw (approx. 1/3rd of fundus) and a slightly thinner and shorter anterior accessory claw  , comprised of 67-71 articles; 11-15 ocelli; 6+6-8+8 coxosternal teeth; tergites 9, 11, 13 with posterior triangular projections; intermediate tergite subpentagonal, posterior margin deeply emarginated, middle part of posterior third of tergite densely covered with setae; laterally, on both sides of the central setose area, there are two specific seta-free regions; pretarsus 15 without accessory spines; leg 15 long (approx. 70-75% body length), prefemur of male leg 15 with a large, apically rounded proximal knob protruding mediad, latter slightly bent dorsad and bearing a cluster of long setae on tip; distal part of prefemur with a well-defined circular protuberance covered with setae; posterior margin of male first genital sternite deeply emarginated, nearly as deep as half of the sternite\u2019s length.The species can be readily distinguished from all other congeners by the following set of molecular and morphological characters: interspecific genetic distance in COI from the closest neighbour, Eupolybothruscavernicolus Komeri\u010dki & Stoev sp. n. is so far known only from the caves Miljacka II and Miljacka IV (= \u0160pilja kod mlina na Miljacki), situated near the village of Kistanje, Krka National Park, Knin District, Croatia ; RH = 100%; Tsediment = 12.5-13.2\u00b0C; Twater = 12.6-13.2\u00b0C; in Miljacka IV (measured on 4 May 2010): Tair = 13.1-13.6\u00b0C (Kestrel); RH = 100%; Tsediment = 12.5\u00b0C; Twater = 12.5\u00b0C. In Miljacka II, the specimens were collected in the aphotic zone, approx. 50 m from the cave entrance, in a passage where water never occurs in a periodic flow. In Miljacka IV, they were found closer to the entrance, under stones.tia Fig. . The twotia Fig. . Most ofAssociated fauna:Gastropoda: Oxychiluscellarius , Hauffeniajadertina Ku\u0161\u010der, 1933, Hadziellasketi Bole, 1961; Araneae: Episinuscavernicola , Nesticuseremita Simon, 1879, Tegenariadomestica , Metellinamerianae , Histopona sp.; Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniustetrachelatus , Chthoniuslitoralis Had\u017ei, 1933, Neobisiumcarsicum Had\u017ei, 1933, Pselaphocherneslitoralis Beier, 1956; Opiliones: Nelimatroglodytes Roewer, 1910; Acari: Parasitus sp.; Isopoda: Monolistrapretneri Sket, 1964, Sphaeromidesvireimediodalmatina Sket, 1964, Alpioniscusbalthasari , Cyphopleonkratochvili ; Amphipoda: Niphargus sp.; Decapoda: Troglocaris sp.; Chilopoda: Eupolybothrustridentinus, Harpolithobius sp., Lithobius sp., Cryptops sp.; Diplopoda: Brachydesmussubterraneus Heller, 1858; Collembola: Troglopedetespallidus Absolon, 1907, Heteromurusnitidus , Pseudosinellaheteromurina , Lepidocyrtus sp.; Diplura: Plusiocampa (Stygiocampa) dalmatica Conde, 1959, Japygidae gen. spp.; Coleoptera: Laemostenuscavicolam\u00fclleri , Athetaspelaea ; Orthoptera: Dolichopodaaraneiformis , Troglophilusovuliformis Karny, 1907, Gryllomorphadalmatina Ocskay, 1832; Psocoptera: Psyllipsocus sp.; Lepidoptera: Apopestesspectrum ; Amphibia: Proteusanguinus Laurenti, 1768; Chiroptera: a colony of bats, Myotiscapaccinii   .Cavernicolus means \u201cliving in caves or caverns\u201d, to emphasise that the species inhabits caves.http://dx.doi.org/10.5883/DS-EUPCAVhttp://plazi.org:8080/GgSRS/html?CCEB9C62C87766E980DD858BC13468C8KF715047KF715051KF715053KF715060KF715055KF715056KF715057KF715058999021822&tsn=trueLithobius (Polybothrus) leostygis Verhoeff, 1899 - Occurrence: recordedBy: J. Bedek; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: Croatia; stateProvince: Dubrovnik-Neretva; locality: Jama u Zabira\u0111u, Zabira\u0111e, Osojnik; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collected; eventDate: 30 March 2008; Record Level: institutionCode: ZMUC; collectionCode: zmuc00029441Eupolybothrusleostygis is still insufficiently known, we provide here scanning electron microscope images  \u2013 Eupolybothrustridentinus (GER2) to 24.5 % for Eupolybothrusgrossipes \u2013 Eupolybothruscavernicolus Komeri\u010dki & Stoev sp. n. (Table Eupolybothrusnudicornis (7.2 %) and minimal for individuals of Eupolybothrusobrovensis and Eupolybothrusgloriastygis and the species Eupolybothruscavernicolus Komeri\u010dki & Stoev sp. n. (0.0 %)  Fig. .http://cegg.unige.ch/orthodb6) , Ixodesscapularis Say, 1821 and Strigamiamaritima . HaMstR (The raw data was first filtered by removing inadequate reads with: 1) adapter contamination; 2) \u226510 Ns; 3) \u226550 base pairs of low quality . The resulting 2 Gb of clean data were processed into subsequent assemblies using SOAPdenovo_trans  under de20rthodb6) , 2,188 o. HaMstR  was appl. HaMstR ).Eupolybothrus of Eupolybothruscavernicolus Komeri\u010dki & Stoev sp. n. falls into subgenus Schizopolybothrus Verhoeff, 1934, characterized by the presence of triangular projections on tergites 9, 11, 13, a VCm spine on leg 15, one or more VCa spines and a single claw on the pretarsus of leg 15. The same author further distinguishes three species groups in the subgenus based on the morphology of male gonopods and presence/absence of modifications on leg 15:According to the division of the subgenera of Eupolybothruscaesar , from Bosnia-Herzegovina, Albania, mainland Greece (incl. Ionian Is.) and Macedonia (FYROM); Eupolybothrusspiniger , from Bosnia-Herzegovina; Eupolybothrusacherontis , from Bosnia-Herzegovina (Eupolybothrusacherontisacherontis) and Macedonia (FYROM) ); Eupolybothrusstygis , from Bosnia-Herzegovina; and Eupolybothrusleostygis, from Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina  from the Western Alps and Eupolybothrusexcellens  from the Ligurian Apennines.Group II, lacking any specific modifications on male legs while gonopods are also short, encompassing Eupolybothruszeus  from Central Greece and Eupolybothrussissii  from Euboea Island, Greece. Both species are currently considered junior synonyms of the widespread Carpathian-Balkan species Eupolybothrus (Mesobothrus) transsylvanicus  by the presence of a large proximal knob surmounted by a characteristic cluster of setae, and distal setose protuberance of male prefemur 15. In addition, the species presents a different arrangement of spiniform setae on the intermediate tergite.Jeekel\u2019s division of the genus  is quitesee Fig. b. Two othrus cf. . ShowingThe new generation imaging technologies, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) are opening new horizons in biology . Micro-CThe \u2018cybertype\u2019 notion is herewith tested for the first time with the newly described taxon Fig. , for whiAlipesgrandidieri Lucas, 1864 , exist in the literature  MINSEQE compliant metadata . To maxihttp://dicom.nema.org/) used by the medical community is not tailored for taxonomic purposes, thus its usefulness for this research field still has to be investigated (http://morphosource.org). The same set of descriptors has been used by GigaDB, where we also applied the ISA-TAB format in order to ensure re-usability and interoperability of the data  files:Eupolybothrus_cavernicolus_sequenced_vaucher_ paratype.csvEupolybothrus_cavernicolus_micro-CT_vaucher_ paratype.csvEupolybothrus_cavernicolus_all_types.csvISA-TAB metadata that ensure retrievability and interoperability.Eupolybothruscavernicolus Komeri\u010dki & Stoev sp. n. The generation of large molecular and morphological data pools that originate from type specimens increases the applicability of taxonomic data in other scientific disciplines such as comparative morphology, evolutionary biology, medicine, ecology. The new holistic approach raises important questions and shows up new directions for developments of biodiversity data management about the lack of mechanisms for cross-linking molecular and morphological data and global metadata standards for micro-CT and transcriptomic data, as well as absence of reliable data repositories for micro-CT image libraries.In combination with the Darwin Core files describing the specimen data, we thus fully annotate and document the \u2018cybertype\u2019 of Eupolybothrus (Schizopolybothrus) species with their original descriptions that were extracted from the original publications through applying optical character recognition (OCR) and additionally tagged by using Golden Gate software .Also, as a pilot project, we annotate all currently valid software . All speTo create reliable links between the published sequence IDs and BOLD, an online dataset DS-EUPCAV was generated in the BOLD system, through which the respective Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) of the specimens barcoded for this study may be tracked  or even distributed . Further problems to be addressed are the lack of appropriate mechanisms for cross-linking molecular and morphological data, as well as the absence of global metadata standards and reliable data repositories for micro-CT image libraries. The metadata descriptors for micro-CT files used by the Morphosource and GigaDB repositories are a good starting point for that, as is the use of ISA-TAB to integrate everything together. Whatever the answers to these questions, there is one mandatory requirement for data that we can already identify: discoverability and accessibility.With complex taxon descriptions such as the present one, we are entering new dimensions of data volumes that have to be managed properly to realise their true value. The deposition of large data pools in appropriate repositories is not yet straightforward, and such initiatives have started to emerge only recently. It is our task to ensure from the beginning that they do not develop into isolated data worlds but that they support community standards, describing the datasets in a way that they can be retrieved and cross-linked. Currently, even in modern taxon descriptions, different pieces of data are only linked through a central locus: the published article. In a future, data-centric world of taxonomy, articles published through next generation journal workflows will become an even more important node in a linked network of data elements describing the taxon. These data elements have to be defined and made accessible through persistent identifiers \u2013 not unlike the traditional practice for physical specimens that are accessible through their museum accession number. In combination with rich metadata standards, taxonomy will thus open itself up to the semantic Web with its possibilities for intelligent, complex queries.In this study, we have taken a first step towards that direction. All data have been deposited in publicly accessible repositories, such as GigaDB, NCBI, BOLD, Morphbank and Morphosource, and the respective open licenses used ensure their accessibility and re-usability. GigaDB in this example provides direct links between the genomic and micro-CT data, through a Darwin Core CSV dataset describing the type specimens, as well as capturing all of the metadata in the interoperable ISA-TAB format. Molecular data and images are annotated with rich metadata to ensure discoverability and reuse. Techniques such as micro-CT are, however, still in their infancy, and no standardised metadata schemas exist yet \u2013 a gap that needs urgently to be addressed by the community if we are to avoid a proliferation of isolated datasets.Taxonomy is at a turning point in its history. New technologies allow for creation of new types of information at high speed and in gigantic volumes, but without clear rules for communication standards, we will not be able to exploit their full potential. We need to focus our efforts on linking these bits and pieces together, by documenting them, by standardising them and by making them retrievable. If such an infrastructure is in place, unforeseen analytical powers can be unleashed upon these data, creating a revolution in our abilities to understand and model the biosphere."}
{"text": "Reference 46 was cited incorrectly. The corrected reference is:Tsitsanou KE, Thireou T, Drakou CE, Koussis K, Keramioti MV, Leonidas DD, Eliopoulos E, Iatrou K, Zographos SE (2012)Anopheles gambiae odorant binding protein crystal complex with the synthetic repellent DEET: implications for structure-based design of novel mosquito repellents. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 69(2): 283-297. doi:10.1007/s00018-011-0745-z. PubMed: 21671117.An incorrect reference appears in the Materials and Methods section, in the second to last sentence of the first paragraph under '4: Hit Expansion and Molecular docking.' The corrected sentence should read: \"Despite the fact that the Anopheles gambiae OBP1 structure  [46] was solved at a higher resolution, we selected the Aedes aegypti 3K1E structure for docking because of our interest in this particular mosquito species.\""}
{"text": "Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) have long been known to sense extracellular protons and contribute to sensory perception. Peripheral ASIC3 channels represent natural sensors of acidic and inflammatory pain. We recently reported the use of a synthetic compound, 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline (GMQ), to identify a novel nonproton sensing domain in the ASIC3 channel, and proposed that, based on its structural similarity with GMQ, the arginine metabolite agmatine (AGM) may be an endogenous nonproton ligand for ASIC3 channels.2+. AGM-induced ASIC3 channel activation was not through the chelation of extracellular Ca2+ as occurs with increased lactate, but rather through a direct interaction with the newly identified nonproton ligand sensing domain. Finally, AGM cooperated with the multiple inflammatory signals to cause pain-related behaviors in an ASIC3-dependent manner.Here, we present further evidence for the physiological correlation between AGM and ASIC3. Among arginine metabolites, only AGM and its analog arcaine (ARC) activated ASIC3 channels at neutral pH in a sustained manner similar to GMQ. In addition to the homomeric ASIC3 channels, AGM also activated heteromeric ASIC3 plus ASIC1b channels, extending its potential physiological relevance. Importantly, the process of activation by AGM was highly sensitive to mild acidosis, hyperosmolarity, arachidonic acid (AA), lactic acid and reduced extracellular Cain vivo conditions.Nonproton ligand sensing domain might represent a novel mechanism for activation or sensitization of ASIC3 channels underlying inflammatory pain-sensing under  Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) represent a new subgroup of the epithelial sodium channel/degenerin (ENaC/DEG) family of ion channels. To date, functional cloning studies revealed four genes that give rise to at least six ASIC informs  . ASIC3 i+ channels )n], where I is the normalized current at a given pH, Imax is the maximum normalized current, EC50 is the concentration of proton yielding a current that is half of the maximum, and n is the Hill coefficient.Results were expressed as means \u00b1 S.E.M. Unless otherwise noted, statistical comparisons were made with the Student's N-methyl-D-aspartate; NO: nitric oxide; PcTX1: psalmotoxin 1; TRPM: Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin; TRPV1: Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1; WT: wild-type.5-HT: serotonin; AA: arachidonic acid; AGM: agmatine; ARC: arcaine; ASIC: acid-sensing ion channel; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CHO: Chinese Hamster Ovary; DRG: dorsal root ganglion; ENaC/DEG: epithelial sodium channel/degenerin; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GMQ: 2-guanidine-4-methylquinazoline; H-Osm: Hyperosmolarity; MTSEA: 2-aminoethyl-methanethiosulfonate; MTSET: 2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl methanethiosulfonate; NGF: nerve growth factor; NMDA: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.WGL, YY, and TLX designed the project. WGL, YY, and ZDZ performed cell culture, patch-clamp recording, behavior tests, and data analysis. ZDZ and HC did mutations. WGL and TLX wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."}
{"text": "AbstractDiptera: Acroceridae) are reviewed, with all eight currently recognized genera diagnosed and figured. The panopine genus Panops Lamarck, 1804 from Australia and Indonesia is revised with four new species described, increasing the total number of species in the genus to nine: Panops aurumsp. n., Panops danielsisp. n., Panops jadesp. n. and Panops schlingerisp. n. Five species of Panops are redescribed: Panops austrae Neboiss, 1971, Panops baudini Lamarck, 1804, Panops boharti , comb. n., Panops conspicuus  and Panops grossi , comb. n. The monotypic genera Neopanops Schlinger, 1959 and Panocalda Neboiss, 1971 are synonymized with Panops. Keys to genera of Australasian Acroceridae and species of Panops, Helle Osten Sacken, 1896 and Australasian Pterodontia Gray, 1832 are included.The Australasian spider flies ( Diptera: Acroceridae) are a distinctive group of lower brachyceran flies characterized by unusual adult body shape and highly specialized larval biology as parasitoids of spiders. Adults are recognized as important pollinators of angiosperms )  ) , whilst Ogcodes Latreille, 1797 and Pterodontia Gray, 1832) are found throughout the region, and are considered cosmopolitan throughout all major biogeographic regions. Philopotinae are represented by an endemic genus in New Zealand  .The Australasian acrocerid fauna comprises all three subfamilies, although represented by relatively few genera. Two acrocerine genera   and a rePanopinae are well represented in the Australasian region.Six genera are described previously from New Zealand , Indonesia  and Australia  . An additional four species are described herein  whilst another two species are moved from other genera , comb. n. and Panops grossi , comb. n.). Discovery of these new species of Panops has expanded the concept of the genus, with various species exhibiting combinations of characteristics previously used to differentiate Panops from Panocalda and Neopanops\u2013 specifically length of the mouthparts and presence and distribution of eye pilosity. Consequently, Neopanops and Panocalda are newly synonymized with Panops. All Australasian acrocerid genera are diagnosed and figured. Four genera of Panopinae are now recognized from the Australasian region, Apsona (1 sp.), Mesophysa (4 spp.), Panops (9 spp.) and Leucopsina (2 spp.). Keys to genera of Australasian Acroceridae and species of Panops, Helle and Australasian Pterodontia are included.d, 1876) . Pterodol spines , 2009, bics e.g.  and moleics e.g. . Panops 4+5  is referred to here as 2r-m following PageBreak, Museum National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), National Museum of Victoria (NMV), Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH), Queensland Museum (QM), Swedish Museum of Natural History (NHRS), South Australian Museum (SAM), The Natural History Museum (BMNH), Western Australian Museum (WAM). Descriptions were constructed using Lucid Builder 3.5, using a matrix database of character states, which were then exported using the natural language function into XML and a text document. Specimen images were taken at different focal points using a digital camera and subsequently combined into a serial montage image using Helicon Focus software. High-resolution digital images were deposited into Morphbank with embedded URL links within the document between descriptions and Morphbank images. All new nomenclatural acts and literature are registered in Zoobank ; larvae exclusively parasitoids of mygalomorph spiders.Usually large and densely pilose, body shape never arched; antennal flagellum elongate cylindrical to paddle-shaped, sometimes tapered but never stylate, usually lacking terminal setae; postpronotal lobes never meeting medially; wing venation complete to wing margin (rarely reduced), cells mApsona Westwood, 1876; Leucopsina Westwood, 1876; Mesophysa Macquart, 1838; Panops Lamarck, 1804.Westwood, 1876http://species-id.net/wiki/ApsonaApsonaApsona muscaria Westwood, 1876 by monotypy. Westwood, 1876: 510 \u2013 PageBreak tibial spines absent; pulvilli present; wing hyaline, markings absent; costa circumambient, costal margin straight apically in both sexes; humeral crossvein present; radial veins curved towards wing anterior margin; R1 not inflated distally; pterostigma and cell r1 membranous, not ribbed; R2+3 present; R4+5 present as forked petiolate veins; cell r4+5 bisected by 2r-m, basal cell narrow elongate, closed; 2r-m very short, joining M1 to stem R4+5; R4 without spur vein; medial vein compliment with M1, M2 and M3 present (M3 fused with CuA1); discal cell closed completely; M1 and M2 usually not reaching wing margin; cell m3 present; CuA1 joining M3, petiolate to wing margin; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula absent; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded; abdomen shape greatly rounded, inflated, conical posteriorly. Body length: 7\u20139 mm. Colouration metallic green; head width slightly smaller than thorax width, hemispherical; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; three ocelli; posterior margin of eye rounded; eye pilose (dense); position of antenna on frons nearer to ocellar tubercle; eyes contiguous above and below antennal base; palpus present; proboscis longer than head length; flagellum shape elongate, tapered apically, apex lacking terminal setae; scapes separate; subscutellum not enlarged, barely visible;Apsona muscaria Westwood, 1876.Apsona is a monotypic genus endemic to New Zealand and can be readily differentiated from all other Panopinae based on the lack of tibial spines. Apsona shows little relationship to the rest of the Australasian Panopinae and shows remarkable similarity to the New World genus Eulonchus Gerstaecker, 1856, sharing numerous characteristics such as metallic green colouration, antennal shape, dense eye pilosity, elongate mouthparts, eyes contiguous below antennal base and absence of an alula ; cell r4+5 bisected by 2r-m, basal cell narrow elongate, closed; 2r-m joining M1 to R5; R4 PageBreakwith spur vein; medial vein compliment: M1, M2 and M3 present (M3 fused with CuA1); discal cell closed completely; medial veins reaching wing margin; cell m3 present; CuA1 joining M3, petiolate to margin; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate; wing microtrichia absent;PageBreak anal lobe well-developed; alula weakly developed; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded, tergites raised along posterior margins; abdomen constricted anteriorly.Body length: 9.0 mm [male], 12.0 mm [female]. Colouration black and yellow [wasp mimic]; head slightly smaller than thorax width, shape hemispherical; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; three ocelli, anterior ocellus reduced in size  or absent ; posterior margin of eye emarginate; eye apilose; position of antennae on head adjacent to ocellar tubercle; male frons width above antennal base not contiguous, eyes contiguous below antennal base; palpus present; proboscis greater than head length; flagellum shape elongate, cylindrical; apex lacking terminal setae; scapes separate; subscutellum enlarged; tibial spines present; pulvilli present; wing markings present (infuscate anteriorly); costa circumambient ; costal margin straight; humeral crossvein present; radial veins straight; RLeucopsina burnsi ; Leucopsina odyneroides Westwood, 1876.Leucopsina is an endemic Australian genus of contrastingly coloured yellow and black flies, with distinct sexual dimorphism between males and females; male having more pronounced constriction of the abdomen anteriorly. The body colouration, darkening of the costal wing margin and abdominal waist allows members of this genus to be convincing wasp mimics  but subsequently transferred to Leucopsina and thoroughly differentiated from Leucopsina odyneroides by p mimics . LeucopsMacquarthttp://species-id.net/wiki/MesophysaMesophysaMesophysa scapularis Macquart, 1838 by subsequent designation of Panops flavipes Latreille, 1811]. Macquart, 1838: 166 \u2013 1 not inflated distally; pterostigma and cell r1 membranous, not ribbed; R2+3 present; R4+5 originating separately from cell r4+5; cell r4+5 bisected by 2r-m, basal cell narrow elongate, closed; 2r-m, joining M1 to R5; R4 with spur vein; medial vein compliment with M1, M2 and M3 present (M3 fused with CuA1); discal cell closed completely; medial veins reaching wing margin; cell m3 present; CuA1 joining M3, petiolate to margin; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate to margin; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula well developed;PageBreak abdominal tergites smooth, rounded; abdomen shape rounded, cylindrical, similar width to thorax or constricted anteriorly , tergites raised along posterior margins.Body length: 8.0\u201310.0 mm [male], 9.0\u201311 mm [female]. Colouration non-metallic, usually matte greenish hue; head size slightly smaller than thorax width; shape hemispherical; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; three ocelli; posterior margin of eye emarginate; eye apilose; antennae positioned on head adjacent to ocellar tubercle; eyes not contiguous above antennal base, contiguous below antennal base; palpus present; proboscis greater than head length; flagellum shape elongate, cylindrical (flattened), truncated apically [more pronounced in male]; scapes separate; flagellum apex lacking terminal setae; subscutellum not enlarged, barely visible; tibial spines present; pulvilli present; wing infuscate, markings present; costa circumambient ; costal margin straight apically; humeral crossvein present; radial veins straight; RMesophysa flavipes ; Mesophysa ilzei Neboiss, 1971; Mesophysa tenaria Neboiss, 1971; Mesophysa ultima Neboiss, 1971.Mesophysa is an endemic eastern Australian genus closely related to Leucopsina. They share a similar habitus with narrowing of the abdomen anteriorly (more pronounced in Leucopsina), apilose eyes, infuscate wings and flagellum shape, as well as the crossvein 2r-m joining to R5 rather than to the stem R4+5. This genus can be differentiated from Leucopsina by the lack of black and yellow markings. Mesophysa has been considered a synonym of Panops by some authors  or elongate, cylindrical ; flagellum apex lacking terminal setae; scapes separate; subscutellum not enlarged, barely visible; tibial spines present; pulvilli present; wing hyaline, markings absent; costa circumambient ; costal margin at pterostigma straight; humeral crossvein present; R1 not inflated distally; pterostigma and cell r1 membranous, not ribbed; vein R2+3 present; R4 and R5 present as forked petiolate veins; radial veins straight towards wing apex, slightly angled anteriorly; cell r4+5 bisected by 2r-m, basal cell narrow elongate, closed; 2r-m joining M1 to stem R4+5; R4 with or without spur vein; medial vein compliment with M1, M2 and M3 present; discal cell closed completely; medial veins reaching wing margin; cell m3 present; CuA1 joining M3, petiolate to wing margin; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate to margin; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula well developed; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded; abdomen shape greatly rounded, inflated . Male genitalia  ; position of antennae on head adjacent to ocellar tubercle; eyes not contiguous above antennal base, contiguous below antennal base; palpus present; proboscis length variable, less than or greater than head length; flagellum shape elongateenitalia  typical PageBreakPanops aurum sp. n.; Panops austrae Neboiss, 1971; Panops baudini Lamarck, 1804; Panops boharti  comb. n.; Panops conspicuus ; Panops danielsi sp. n.; Panops grossi ). Lasia and Panops (sometimes including Mesophysa) in previous treatments of the group by various authors. Based on a series of characters, it is clear that those Australasian species are placed in Panops or Mesophysa, while the New World species are placed in Lasia. In his description of Neopanops, Panops and provided an extensive list of characters distinguishing the two. Similarly, Panocalda from the closely related Panops and Neopanops. Both PageBreak shape of ocellar tubercle, palpi length, head width, parafacial pilosity and wing length. With the inclusion of the four new species described here, and a critical re-examination of the characters used to differentiate Neopanops and Panocalda from Panops, it is clear that all of these characters are variable and that only one genus is warranted. Some species of Panops have pilose eyes, either uniformly sparse and minute  or localized (Panops grossi comb. n.), with the other species being apilose. In no species of Panops are the eyes uniformly dense pilose, as is found in most other panopine genera . This paucity of eye pilosity is shared with only a few other genera, including the Australian Leucopsina and Mesophysa, as well as the highly derived genus Corononcodes Speiser, 1920 from the Palaearctic and Afrotropical regions. Proboscis length is a frequently used character in acrocerid taxonomy, but in Panops the length is dramatically variable, with a proboscis much shorter than the head height in some species  while the rest have a proboscis longer than the head height. Panops is a variable genus, but can be differentiated from all other Panopinae based on the diagnosis above, and specifically from all other genera in the Australasian region based on tibial spines being present (cf.Apsona) and wing crossvein 2r-m joining to R4+5 . Like most acrocerids, species of Panops display distinct sexual dimorphism with males often have slightlyPageBreak smaller body size and larger antennae than females. Many Old World panopine genera  have a distinctive unidirectional arrangement of the pile on the head and thorax, giving the individual a dramatic change in appearance when viewed head on .Eye apilose; proboscis longer than head height; body non-metallic; antennae red-brown; parafacial with yellow marginal pile; postpronotal lobe concolourous with rest of thorax; legs dark yellow, femora brown-black.PageBreak4 without spur vein. Abdomen shape rounded globose, much larger than thorax, colour orange-red to yellow, dark markings anteriorly and medially, vestiture dense elongate pile, yellow anteriorly, brown posteriorly on tergites 2\u20135.Body length: 11.0 mm . Headwitheye apilose; ocellar tubercle raised laterally; medial ocellus absent; occiput brown-black, occipital pile yellow, postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence; clypeus length equal to oral cavity, brown-black; palpus yellow; margin of oral cavity  densely pilose (yellow); proboscis longer than head height; flagellum apex of uniform width, truncated apically, flagellum red-brown; scape and pedicel brown. Thorax with postpronotal lobe brown-black; scutum black, scutal vestiture dense yellow-gold pile; scutellum black; pleuron black; coxae black; femora brown-black, apices dark yellow; tibiae dark yellow; tarsi dark yellow; lower calypter white with dark yellow margin; wing hyaline, venation dark; vein Raurum \u2013 gold; referring to the distinctive golden setal pile on the head and thorax.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin, Panops aurum sp. n. is known only from a single male specimen from Western Australia. The fringing yellow setae around the oral cavity and yellow pile on the thorax are distinctive for the species.PageBreakNeboiss, 1971http://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_austraePanops austrae Neboiss, 1971: 209 \u2013 Holotype female, AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: nr. Mount Olga , C.A., Paul Genery, ix.1960, picked up dead in sand (Type- T.4177) (NMV).Western Australia: male, Wialki , R. P. McMillan, 12.x.1983 (WAM); male, W of Norseman, Eucalyptus woodland, dry gully to salt lake, Malaise trap, C. Lambkin et al., ANIC bulk sample 2184, 1-17.xi.2003 271m  (ANIC).AUSTRALIA: Eye apilose; proboscis equal to head height; body metallic green-blue; antennae yellow-brown; parafacial without marginal pile; postpronotal lobe concolourous with rest of thorax; legs black.PageBreak clypeus length equal to oral cavity, brown-black; palpus white or black; margin of oral cavity  glabrous; proboscis equal or slightly longer than head height; flagellum dark yellow-orange, suffused with brown, apex in male tapered, narrow apically; scape and pedicel brown or dark yellow. Thorax postpronotal lobe green; scutum metallic green or metallic blue, scutal vestiture dense white pile; scutellum metallic blue-green; pleuron metallic green or metallic blue; coxae black with metallic blue iridescence; femora black; tibiae black or brown; tarsi black; lower calypter white, with brown margin; wing hyaline  or slightly infuscate , venation dark; vein R4 with spur vein. Abdomen shape rounded globose, much larger than thorax  or rounded to conical, not larger than thorax , colour metallic green or metallic blue violet, vestiture as minute setae, dense white-silver elongate setae along anterior margin of tergites 2\u20135.Body length: 8.0\u201310.0 mm , 14.5 mm . Head with eye apilose; ocellar tubercle relatively flat, medial ocellus present; occiput metallic green-blue, occipital pile dense, white; postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence;Panops austrae is a large, metallic coloured species similar to Panops jade sp. n. and Panops schlingeri sp. n. It is easily distinguished from these species by the longer proboscis and dense white thoracic pile. This species is known from remote, arid regions of the Northern Territory and Western Australia.PageBreakLamarck, 1804http://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_baudiniPanops baudini Lamarck, 1804: 265 \u2013 Mesophysa marginata Macquart, 1838: 168 \u2013 Epicerina nigricornis Macquart, 1850: 98 \u2013 Panops lamarckianus Westwood, 1876: 508 \u2013 Mesophysa australiae Thomson, 1869: 475 \u2013 Panops australiae . Kert\u00e9sz, 1909: 8.Mesophysa baudini Brunetti, 1926: 581.Panops nigricornis . Hardy, 1946: 66.Panops baudini Lamarck. Neotype female, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Asquith , 10.x.1962, A.L. Dyce (ANIC) . See discussion by Epicerina nigricornis Macquart. Type male, AUSTRALIA: \u201c2/47 Tasmanie J. Verreaux 1847\u201d (MNHN). See discussion by Panops lamarckianus Westwood. Type male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Moreton Bay, 1859 (OUMNH).Mesophysa australasiae Thomson. Type male, AUSTRALIA: New South Wales: Sydney, Kinb. (NHRS). See discussion by Queensland: male, female, Isla Gorge National Park,  12.ix.1992, 320m, G. Daniels (GDCB); male, Isla Gorge National Park,  11.ix.1992, 320m, R. Eastwood (GDCB); 32 km S Theodore, , 13.ix.1992, 300m, G. Daniels (GDCB); 2 males, female, 43 km WSW Millmerran, PageBreak, 21.ix.1986, G. & A. Daniels (GDCB); 2 females, Lake Broadwater, nr. Dalby, , site 8, 27.ix.1986, G. & A. Daniels (GDCB); male, Gayndah, Masters (NMV). New South Wales: female, Sydney swamps (NMV); male, Sydney, 17.x.1932, G.M. Goldfinch (ANIC); female, Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park , 2.x.1972, A. & G. Daniels (GDCB); 2 males, Goondera Ridge, Royal National Park , 24.x.1976, G. & A. Daniels (GDCB). Victoria: female, Mitta Mitta River, 8km NW of Dartmouth Dam , 30.x.1976, A. A. Calder (NMV). Western Australia: 3 males, W of Norseman, Eucalyptus woodland, dry gully to salt lake, Malaise trap, C. Lambkin et al., ANIC bulk sample 2184, 1-17.xi.2003 271m  (ANIC); male, Wongan Hills area , Greg Gu\u00e9rin, on flowers of Microcorys (CAS); female, East Yuna Nature Reserve, 34 km WNW Mullewa , 23\u201324.ix.1983, C. & T. Houston, 559-17, on flowers of ?Helipterum (WAM); female Australia, Boorabbin Rock National Park , W Coolgardie, 26.ix.2005, L. Packer (CNC) [not examined but identity confirmed by B. Sinclair].AUSTRALIA: Diagnosis. Eye minutely pilose; proboscis longer than head height; body black (with faint blue iridescence in western population); antennae red-brown to black; parafacial with marginal pile; postpronotal lobe concolourous with rest of thorax; femora black with pale apices, rest of leg dark yellow to white with black on tibiae; abdomen red or yellow laterally; distiphallus broad apically.PageBreak raised laterally or relatively flat; medial ocellus reduced; occiput brown-black, occipital pile white, sparse; postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence; clypeus length equal to oral cavity, brown-black; palpus white or yellow; margin of oral cavity  pilose; proboscis longer than head height; flagellum red-brown to black; scape and pedicel brown. Thorax with postpronotal lobe brown-black; scutum black, scutal vestiture dense white pile; scutellum black; pleuron black (thorax with slight bluish iridescence in western populations); coxae black; femora black or brown-black, apices dark yellow; tibiae predominantly black with dark yellow to white ; tarsi dark yellow to white; lower calypter white, with yellow margin; wing hyaline  or slightly infuscate ; venation dark; vein R4 with spur vein, rarely without. Abdomen shape rounded globose, much larger than thorax, colour highly variable, orange-red to yellow, dark markings anteriorly and medially, or dark yellow, brown anteriorly on tergites 2\u20136, vestiture as extensive short white-silver pile, longer laterally.Body length: 9.5\u201312.5 mm , 11.0\u201314.0 mm . Head with eye sparsely pilose with minute setae (appears apilose); ocellar tuberclePageBreakPanops baudini is the most commonly represented species in collections. This species is distributed in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. The apex of the aedeagus is broad and quadrangular in this species comb. n.http://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_bohartiNeopanops boharti Schlinger, 1959: 157 \u2013 Holotype male, INDONESIA: Papua: Cyclops Mountains, Sabron, 930 ft. , iv.1936, L. E. Cheesman, B. M. 1936-271 (BMNH).PageBreak parafacial without marginal pile; postpronotal lobe cream with brown spot; legs yellow, femora brown with yellow apices; lower calypter cream with brown margin.Eye pilose; eye extends posteriorly beyond maximum head width; proboscis very short, not extending beyond oral cavity; body brown and yellow; antennae yellow;PageBreakmarkings; scutellum brown with bluish iridescence, cream laterally; pleuron cream with brown markings; coxae cream with brown markings; femora cream with brown on middle half; tibiae dark yellow; tarsi dark yellow; lower calypter white, brown marginally on membrane; wing hyaline, venation brownish, pale yellow distally along costa and radial veins; vein R4 with spur vein. Abdomen rounded globose, slightly larger than thorax, colour dark yellow, brown on tergites 3\u20136, vestiture minute setae, dense white-silver elongate setae along anterior margin of tergites 2\u20135.Body length: 9.0 mm . Head with eye sparsely pilose, slightly denser and elongate laterally; eye extends posteriorly beyond maximum head width; ocellar tubercle relatively flat; medial ocellus present; occiput cream, brown suffusion laterally; occipital pile white, sparse; flagellum yellow, apex uniform width, truncated apically; scape and pedicel dark yellow; clypeus minute, yellow-brown; palpus yellow; margin of oral cavity  glabrous; proboscis not extending beyond oral cavity. Thorax with postpronotal lobe cream, brown suffusion dorsally; scutum brown, cream posterolaterally; scutal vestiture dense brown and white, matching respective scutal Panops boharti comb. n.was described by Neopanops but is transferred herein to Panops. This Indonesian species is the only non-Australian representative of the genus, and is distinctive based on body colouration and markings, very short mouthparts, eye pilosity and eye shape. Only the male is known.PageBreakhttp://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_conspicuusEpicerina conspicua Brunetti, 1926: 579.Panops conspicuus  \u2013 Holotype female, AUSTRALIA: Western Australia: Kalamunda , 14.iii\u201314.iv.1914, R.E. Turner, 1914-349 (BMNH).Victoria: male, female, Kiata , R. Oldfield, X 4172, captured as copulating pair (NMV). Western Australia: female, Boulder Rock , 15.iii.1981, M.J. Smart, Jarrah Forest, 300m, hovering 2\u20133 m above ground, taken at rest on leaf (WAM); 4.5 km E Lake Monger on Wanarra Road , 7.v.2008, T.F. Houston and E. G. Cunningham, 1266-1 (WAM).AUSTRALIA: PageBreakEye apilose; proboscis longer than head height; body colour and shape sexually dimorphic: male black with slender body, female yellow and brown with globose abdomen; antennae yellow-brown to red-brown with black suffusion; parafacial without marginal pile; postpronotal lobe yellow; legs yellow with brown medially on femora and tibiae.4 with spur vein. Abdomen shape rounded globose,PageBreak much larger than thorax  or cylindrical along length , colour orange-yellow or brown-black, vestiture elongate yellow pile .Body length: 11.0 mm , 12.0\u201313.0 mm . Head with eye apilose; ocellar tubercle raised laterally; medial ocellus present; occiput colour brown-black  or brown with dark yellow spot laterally ; occipital pile yellow; postocular ridge and gena glabrous; clypeus shorter than oral cavity; yellow-brown; palpus yellow; margin of oral cavity  glabrous; proboscis longer than head height; flagellum dark yellow, suffused with brown  or red with black suffusion , apex in male tapered, narrow apically; scape and pedicel brown. Thorax with postpronotal lobe yellow; scutum black  or yellow and brown (markings variable) ; scutal vestiture dense white pile or dense yellow-gold pile; scutellum black or brown; pleuron brown; coxae brown; femora brown-black, apices dark yellow; tibiae dark yellow or dark yellow, suffused with brown; tarsi dark yellow; lower calypter white, with dark yellow margin; wing hyaline  or slightly infuscate , venation dark; vein RPanops conspicuus is recorded from arid regions of southwest Western Australia and Western Victoria. There is dramatic sexual dimorphism in both body colouration and shape in this species, with males very similar to species of Mesophysa. Panops conspicuus can be differentiated from other Panops species by the bright yellow postpronotal lobes, elongate mouthparts, yellow and brown colouration , and apilose eyes. Females of this species are similarly coloured to females of Panops grossi comb. n., a species which also displays dramatic sexual dimorphism.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3FAB3406-C6A4-42CC-9ABC-B82BCB22FDE8http://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_danielsiHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: 3km SW Fox Ck. x-ing [crossing], \u2018Wolverton\u2019 , 13.iv.1989, G. and A. Daniels (AMS).PageBreakQueensland: female, male, same data as holotype (GDCB) (CAS); female, 7 km NNW Coen, , 17.iv.1989, G. and A. Daniels (GDCB); female, 26 km W \u2018Fairview\u2019, , 20.iv.1989, G. and A. Daniels (GDCB). AUSTRALIA: Eye uniformly sparse pilose; proboscis longer than head height; body dark yellow and brown, with metallic green-blue iridescence; antennae red-brown or black; parafacial with marginal pile; postpronotal lobe dark yellow; legs dark yellow and brown.PageBreak lower calypter white, with yellow margin; wing hyaline, venation dark; vein R4 with spur vein. Abdomen shape rounded globose, much larger than thorax  or rounded to conical, not larger than thorax , colour black with metallic green iridescence  or dark yellow, brown anteriorly on tergites 2\u20136 , vestiture extensive white-silver elongate setae, brown posteromedially on tergites 3\u20135  or erect dark pile .Body length: 11.0 mm , 10.5\u201312.0 mm . Head with eye sparsely pilose, uniformly distributed, setae minute; ocellar tubercle raised laterally; medial ocellus absent; occiput metallic green-blue; occipital pile yellow; postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence; flagellum apex in male uniform width, truncated apically, narrower in female, red-brown  or black ; scape and pedicel dark yellow; clypeus length equal to oral cavity, brown-black; palpus yellow; margin of oral cavity  pilose; proboscis longer than head height. Thorax with postpronotal lobe yellow; scutum glossy black , dark yellow marginally; scutal vestiture dense yellow-gold pile; scutellum brown, dark yellow medially; pleuron brown with metallic iridescence; coxae black or brown; femora brown-black, apices dark yellow; tibiae dark yellow, suffused with brown; tarsi dark yellow;This species is named in honour of the collector of this species, Greg Daniels.Panops danielsi sp.n. is known only from Far Northern Queensland. This species is closely related to Panops baudini as both species have similar shaped mouthparts and pilose eyes. Panops danielsi sp. n. can be distinguished by the more evident eye pilosity, yellow postpronotal lobes and body colouration.PageBreakcomb. n.http://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_grossiPanocalda grossi Neboiss, 1971: 214 \u2013 Holotype female, AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: Koolpinyah, 21.iv.1916  G. F. Hill, (in copula) (SAM).\u2018Allotype\u2019. AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: same data as holotype (SAM).Eye pilose dorsally only, relatively dense and elongate; proboscis shorter than head height; body colour and shape sexually dimorphic: male metallic olive green, female yellow and brown, globose; antennae yellow; parafacial without marginal pile; postpronotal lobe and legs concolourous with rest of body.PageBreak or white, with dark yellow margin; wing hyaline or slightly infuscate, venation dark; vein R4 without spur vein. Abdomen shape with male rounded, not larger than thorax, metallic olive green, vestiture dense short pile, longer laterally; female rounded globose, much larger than thorax , orange-yellow , vestiture elongate yellow pile.Body length: 9.0 mm , 12.0 mm . Head eye pilose dorsally only, dense and relatively elongate; occiput olive green, occipital pile dense white  or yellow ; postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence; ocellar tubercle raised laterally or relatively flat; medial ocellus absent; clypeus shorter than oral cavity, yellow-brown; palpus black; margin of oral cavity  glabrous; proboscis not extending beyond oral cavity; flagellum yellow, apex in male uniform width, truncated apically; scape and pedicel brown. Thorax with postpronotal lobe yellow  or green ; scutum metallic olive green or yellow-orange; scutal vestiture dense white or yellow-gold pile; scutellum metallic olive green or orange-yellow with brown suffusion; pleuron orange or metallic olive green; coxae brown; femora brown-black, apices dark yellow; tibiae brown; tarsi brown; lower calypter white, brown marginally on membranePanops grossi comb. n.was described by Panocalda but is transferred herein to Panops. This species is apparently closely related to Panops boharti comb. n. based on eye pilosity, and Panops schlingeri sp. n. and Panops jade sp. n. based on the short mouthparts. All of these species are northern Australian or Indonesian species. Panops grossi comb. n. can be distinguished from all PageBreakother Panops based on the dense patch of relatively elongate pile on the dorsal part of the eye. This species displays a dramatic sexual dimorphism similar to that found in Panops conspicuus, with females being orange-yellow in colour.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:96D0BD2A-0C81-4BCE-BB32-671D1C2D901Chttp://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_jadeHolotype male, AUSTRALIA: Queensland: Isla Gorge National Park , 3.x.1991, 320 m, G. Daniels (AMS).Queensland: female, Isla Gorge National Park , 3.x.1991, 320 m, G. Daniels (CAS); female, Isla Gorge National Park , 14.ix.1992, 320 m, G. Daniels (AMS). AUSTRALIA: PageBreakEye apilose; proboscis shorter than head height; body metallic green-blue to violet iridescence; antennae red-brown; parafacial with marginal pile; postpronotal lobe concolourous with rest of thorax; legs black with metallic blue-violet iridescence.PageBreakPageBreak calypter white with brown margin; wing hyaline, venation dark; vein R4 with spur vein. Abdomen shape rounded globose, much larger than thorax, colour metallic green or blue-violet iridescent, vestiture extensive white-silver short pile, longer laterally.Body length: 11.5 mm , 11.5\u201312.0 mm . Head with eye apilose; ocellar tubercle relatively flat; medial ocellus present; occiput metallic green-blue, occipital pile white, sparse; postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence; clypeus length equal to oral cavity, black with blue-green suffusion; palpus black; margin of oral cavity  pilose; proboscis extending beyond oral cavity, but shorter than head height; flagellum apex in male tapered, slightly rounded apically, red-brown; scape and pedicel red-brown. Thorax with postpronotal lobe blue-violet; scutum metallic blue-violet, green posteromedially; scutellum metallic blue-violet; coxae and femora with metallic blue-violet iridescence; tibiae black; tarsi black; lowerThis beautifully coloured species is named after my daughter, Jade Tanya Winterton, whose name also describes the deep green colouration found in this species.Panops jade sp. n. is a distinctive species with extensive green to blue-violet iridescence, particularly in the female. It is similar to the western Australian species, Panops austrae, but is distinguished by the length of the mouthparts, leg colour and different vestiture pattern on the abdomen. Panops jade sp. n. is known only from Isla Gorge National Park in southern Queensland. Both males and females are recorded from Spinifex grass (Triodia sp.), presumably at rest.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:03D163A1-D1DA-4810-8D88-77F76D5CC490http://species-id.net/wiki/Panops_schlingeriHolotype female, AUSTRALIA: Northern Territory: 9 km NE of Mudginbarry H.S. (on scarp), 10.vi.1973, D. H. Colless  (ANIC).PageBreakNorthern Territory: female, 8 km SSW of Oenpelli Mission 7.vi.1973, J. Cardale  (ANIC). AUSTRALIA: Eye apilose; proboscis shorter than head height; body metallic green-blue iridescence; antennae orange; parafacial without marginal pile; postpronotal lobe dark yellow; legs dark yellow, femora brown-black with yellow apices.PageBreakblue iridescence; femora brown-black, apices dark yellow; tibiae dark yellow; tarsi dark yellow; lower calypter white, with dark yellow margin; wing hyaline, venation dark; vein R4 without spur vein. Abdomen shape rounded globose, much larger than thorax,PageBreak dark with metallic green to blue iridescence, vestiture as dense short pile, longer laterally.Body length: 9.5\u201311.0 mm . Head with eye apilose; ocellar tubercle relatively flat; medial ocellus present; occiput metallic green-blue, occipital pile white, dense; postocular ridge and gena overlain with grey pubescence; clypeus shorter than oral cavity, brown-black; palpus black; margin of oral cavity  glabrous; proboscis not extending beyond oral cavity; flagellum orange; scape and pedicel dark red-yellow. Thorax with postpronotal lobe yellow; scutum metallic green to blue iridescent; scutal vestiture dense white pile; scutellum metallic blue-green; pleuron metallic green to blue iridescent; coxae brown-black with metallic Acroceridae taxonomist Dr. Evert Irving Schlinger.I am honoured to name this species after the world-renowned Panops schlingeri sp. n. is known only from two female specimens collected in the Northern Territory. This species is differentiated easily by the green-blue iridescence on the body and dark yellow postpronotal lobes.PageBreakSubfamilySchiner, 1968http://species-id.net/wiki/PhilopotinaePhilopota Wiedemann. Schlinger, 1971: 186.4+5 present, to highly reduced with only cell br present; cell m3 absent; veins R4 and R5 always present as single vein R4+5; cubital and medial veins not reaching posterior wing margin; larvae exclusively parasitoids of araneomorph spiders.Body shape slightly to strongly arched and never densely pilose; small to medium sized; antennal flagellum stylate; postpronotal lobes enlarged and meeting medially to form collar behind head; tibial spines absent; wing costal vein ending at wing apex, never circumambient; wing venation highly variable, ranging from relatively complete with cells cu-p, bm br, d and basal rHelle Osten Sacken, 1896; Schlingeriella Gillung & Winterton, 2011.Osten Sacken, 1896http://species-id.net/wiki/HelleHelleAcrocera longirostris Hudson, 1892: 56 by monotypy.PageBreak Osten Sacken, 1896: 16 \u2013 PageBreakantennal base, not contiguous below antennal base; palpus present; proboscis greater than head length; flagellum stylate, apex with terminal seta; postpronotal lobes enlarged, medially contiguous to form collar; subscutellum enlarged; legs not elongated; wing markings absent; costa ending near wing apex, costal margin straight; humeral crossvein absent; radial veins straight or curved towards wing anterior margin; R1 inflated distally at pterostigma; pterostigma and cell r1 membranous, not ribbed; R2+3 present; R4+5 angled anteriorly approximately midway; cell r4+5 bisected by 2r-m, basal cell very narrow elongate, closed; 2r-m joining M1 to R4+5; cell r4+5 present, narrow elongate, closed ; crossvein 2r-m present (rarely absent);R4 without spur vein; medial vein compliment with M1, M2 and M3 present (M3 fused with CuA1); discal cell closed completely; medial veins not reaching wing margin; CuA1 joining M3, petiolate to margin; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula well developed; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded; abdomen shape elongate, narrow cylindrical or conical , or rounded and inflated . Body length: 4.0\u20136.0 mm [male], 6.0\u20137.0 mm [female]. Body shape strongly arched; colouration non-metallic (brown or black); head size slightly narrower than thorax width, shape sub-spherical; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; three ocelli, anterior ocellus reduced in size; posterior margin of eye rounded; eye apilose; position of antennae on head near middle of frons; eyes contiguous above PageBreakHelle longirostris ; Helle rufescens Brunetti, 1926.Helle is an endemic genus to New Zealand that is closely related to Schlingeriella, the only other philopotine genus in the region  and R4+5 angled anteriorly approximately half way along vein.PageBreakHelle can be differentiated from all other philopotine genera based on the relatively complete wing venation, inflated R1 at pterostigma, palpi present and apilose eyes.e region . CharactGillung & Wintertonurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:99EAC1BE-4A6F-43E0-B61A-6460BF68694Ehttp://species-id.net/wiki/SchlingeriellaSchlingeriellaSchlingeriella irwini Gillung & Winterton, 2011: 23.PageBreak Gillung & Winterton, 2011: 22. Type species: PageBreakthan thorax  or slightly smaller than thorax ; head spherical; postocular ridge and occiput extended posteriorly into slight ridge; posterior margin of eye rounded; eyes bare; position of antennae on head near middle of frons, slightly nearer to mouthparts; eyes contiguous above antennal base, not contiguous below; palpus present; proboscis longer than head; antennal flagellum stylate, apex with terminal seta; thorax with postpronotal lobes enlarged, medially contiguous to form collar; subscutellum PageBreakenlarged; legs not greatly elongated; pulvilli present; wing hyaline, markings absent; costa ending in radial field; costal margin straight in both sexes; humeral crossvein absent; radial veins meeting wing margin before wing apex; R1 inflated distally at pterostigma; R2+3 present; R4+5 slightly curved anteriorly midway; veins M1, M2 and M3 present; discal cell absent; medial veins reaching wing margin (or nearly so); crossvein 2r-m absent; Cu reduced, not reaching wing margin; anal lobe not enlarged; alula well developed; abdomen smooth, rounded, cylindrical in shape, similar width to thorax  or greatly rounded, inflated .Body length: 2.4\u20134.0 mm [male], 4.4\u20136.0 mm [female]. Body shape arched; body colouration non-metallic dark brown; head width much smaller PageBreakSchlingeriella irwini Gillung & Winterton, 2011.Schlingeriella is differentiated from other Philopotinae by medial veins mostly reaching the wing margin, R1 inflated apically, reduced wing venation , elongate mouthparts and apilose eyes. See results of Schlingeriella irwini sp. n.) from New Caledonia (France). There is dramatic sexual dimorphism in body size, with females considerably larger than the males. This genus was described by Acroceridae taxonomy. Evert Schlinger not only collected many of the specimens in New Caledonia, he also recognized that it represented a completely new genus of endemic spider flies.PageBreakSubfamilyZetterstedt, 1837http://species-id.net/wiki/Acrocerinae Acrocera Meigen 1803: 266.3 and basal r4+5 present, to highly reduced with few closed cells; humeral crossvein rarely well developed; tibial apical spines absent (rarely present); larvae exclusively parasitoids of araneomorph spiders.Small to medium sized, densely pilose to apilose, body rarely arched; antennal flagellum stylate; postpronotal lobes widely separated, never medially contiguous; wing venation highly variable, ranging from complete with cells cu-p, bm br, d, mPageBreakOgcodes Latreille, 1797; Pterodontia Gray, 1832Latreille, 1797http://species-id.net/wiki/OgcodesOgcodesMusca gibbosa Linnaeus, by subsequent monotypy ; antenotum not collar-like behind head; subscutellum enlarged; tibial spines absent; pulvilli present; wing hyaline, markings absent; costa ending near wing apex, costal margin straight; humeral crossvein absent; radial veins straight; R1 inflated or not inflated distally; pterostigma and cell r1 membranous, not ribbed; only two radial veins present, R2+3 absent, R4+5 not reaching wing margin; medial vein compliment with M1, M2 and M3 present, or two M veins present; discal cell weakly formed or absent; medial veins not reaching wing margin; cell m3 absent; CuA1 absent; CuA2 separate from A1, ending just before wing margin; crossvein 2r-m absent; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula well developed; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded (rarely with tubercles in fossil species); abdomen shape greatly rounded, inflated. Body length: 3.0\u20135.0 mm [male], 4.0\u20138.0 mm [female]. Body shape not arched, colouration black, yellow or white, non-metallic; head much smaller Ogcodes is a distinctive and cosmopolitan genus and the most species-rich in the family. Thirty-four species in two subgenera  are listed by Ogcodes is in need of revision and no recent keys to species have been published for the region. The most recent revision of the genus was by Ogcodes is a derived genus with a typical globose body, relatively small head and reduced wing venation. Characters which differentiate Ogcodes from all other Acroceridae genera include antennae proximal to mouthparts, palpi absent, proboscis very short, almost all wing cells absent or poorly formed, eyes apilose and R2+3 absent.Gray, 1832http://species-id.net/wiki/PterodontiaPterodontiaPageBreakPterodontia flavipes Gray, 1832: 779 by monotypy. Gray, 1832: 779 \u2013 NothraNothra bicolor Westwood, 1876: 514 by monotypy. Westwood, 1876: 514 \u2013  Synonymy and usage list restricted to Australasian region fauna only.PageBreak, not contiguous below antennal base; palpus absent; proboscis greatly reduced; flagellum stylate, apex with terminal setae (multiple); antenotum shape not collar-like behind head; subscutellum not enlarged, barely visible; tibial spines present; pulvilli present; wing markings absent; costa circumambient; wing costal margin straight or with anterior projection PageBreak; humeral crossvein present or reduced; radial veins curved or angled towards wing anterior margin; R1 inflated distally at pterostigma ; pterostigma and cell r1 membranous, not ribbed; R2+3 present; R4+5 present as single vein; basal cell r4+5  merged with discal cell to form composite cell comprising d+r4+5; cell m3 absent; medial vein compliment usually a single M vein fused with CuA1, petiolate to margin, sometimes with second medial vein originating from cell d+r4+5; CuA2 fused to A1 before wing margin, petiolate, rarely open to wing margin; wing microtrichia absent; anal lobe well developed; alula present or absent, rarely well developed; abdominal tergites smooth, rounded; abdomen shape greatly rounded, inflated.Body length: 3.0\u20137.0 mm [male], 4.0\u201310.0 mm [female]. Body shape not arched. Body colouration non-metallic; head much narrower than thorax width; shape nearly spherical; postocular ridge and occiput rounded; three ocelli; posterior margin of eye rounded; eye pilose (dense); antennae located adjacent to mouthparts; eyes contiguous above antennal basePterodontia davisi Paramonov, 1957; Pterodontia longisquama Sabrosky, 1947; Pterodontia melliiPterodontia variegata White, 1914 syn. n.).PageBreakPageBreakPterodontia is a cosmopolitan genus containing 19 valid species, three of which are recorded from the Australasian region  based on colouration of the fore femur, scutellum and abdomen. n region . PterodoPterodontia have greatly enlarged and sclerotized lower calypters, appearing somewhat like a second pair of wings (e.g. Pterodontia davisi). Males in this genus typically have sclerotized projections on the costal margin of the wing. Characteristics which diagnose this genus from other acrocerids include head very small relative to thorax width, tibial spines present, cells m3, d and basal r4+5 fused to form a single cell, eyes densely pilose, antennae adjacent to the ocellar tubercle and mouthparts reduced. PageBreakContrary to other authors, Pterodontia has been placed previously in Panopinae by Pterodontia is unique among acrocerids.Some species of"}
{"text": "Prognostic indicators for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are under investigation. The latest risk classification criteria may still have room for improvement. This study aims to investigate prognostic factors for primary GISTs from three aspects, including clinicopathological parameters, immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PTEN, and Ki-67 labeling index (LI), and attempts to find valuable predictors for the malignancy potential of primary GISTs.Tumor samples and clinicopathological data from 84 patients with primary GISTs after R0 resection were obtained. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed based on tissue microarray (TMA) to estimate expression of PTEN and Ki-67 in tumor cells.P\u2009=\u20090.009), non-gastric tumor location (P\u2009=\u20090.001), large tumor size (P\u2009=\u20090.022), high mitotic index (P\u2009<\u20090.001), high cellularity (P\u2009=\u20090.012), tumor rupture (P\u2009=\u20090.013), absent or low expression of PTEN (P\u2009=\u20090.036), and Ki-67 LI >1% (P\u2009=\u20090.043). Gastrointestinal bleeding  was a negative independent risk predictor in multivariate analysis, in addition to tumor size (P\u2009=\u20090.023), and mitotic index (P\u2009=\u20090.002). In addition, GI bleeding showed a good ability to predict recurrence potential, when included in our re-modified risk stratification criteria.The cut-off point of Ki-67 LI was determined as 1%, using a receiver operator characteristic test with a sensitivity of 71.7% and a specificity of 64.5%. Univariate analysis demonstrated the following factors as poor prognostic indicators for relapse-free survival (RFS) against a median follow-up of 40.25\u00a0months: gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (This study suggests that GI bleeding is an independent predictor of poor prognosis for RFS in primary GISTs. Expression of PTEN and Ki-67 are correlated with high risk potential and may predict early recurrence in univariate analysis. First, this is a retrospective study with a limited sample size of study population and a large proportion of censored cases. Secondly, the study was conducted in one single tertiary hospital. Thus, a larger scale, multicenter prospective study with longer-term follow-up investigation is warranted. Finally, the inability of TMA approach to detect all information of tumor samples might cause bias . DespiteThe current NIH consensus criteria remain a stable and practical predicting tool in primary GISTs risk classification. We found that GI bleeding was an independent prognostic indicator for poor RFS in patients with primary GISTs treated with surgery alone. We proposed that the current NIH consensus criteria could be improved by including this important clinical manifestation. Whether absent or low expression of PTEN, and Ki-67 LI higher than 1% could add independently to the prognostication of GISTs should be further investigated in a larger series.AFIP: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; CI: confidence interval; DAB: 3,3\u2032-diaminobenzidine; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; FFPE: formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded; GI: gastrointestinal; GIST: gastrointestinal stromal tumor; H & E: hematoxylin and eosin; ICC: interclass correlation coefficient; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IHC: immunohistochemistry; IM: imatinib mesylate; LI: labeling index; NIH: National Institutes of Health; NJPH: Northern Jiangsu People\u2019s Hospital; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PDGFRA: platelet derived growth factor receptor \u03b1; PIP3: phosphoinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10; RFS: relapse-free survival; ROC: receiver operator characteristic; TMA: tissue microarray.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.HW, PC, WZ, XXL, LS, XWG, CRZ and LZ participated in the conception and design of the study. HW, PC and LS collected clinical information. HW, XWG and CRZ reviewed all the histological diagnoses, histological grading, selected and marked the slides for TMA construction. HW, XXL and LS performed the experiments. HW performed the statistical analysis. WZ, LS and HHZ contributed reagents, materials, and analysis tools. HW and PC drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."}
{"text": "AbstractIxodes is the best represented genus, with seven species recorded. Haemaphysalis is represented by six species, followed by Rhipicephalus with four species. Dermacentor and Hyalomma are represented by two species each. The ticks were collected on 47 different host species. Eleven tick species were collected on Bos taurus and Ovis aries, followed by Capra hircus and Equus caballus with 8 species and Canis lupus familiaris with 6 species. On the remaining 42 host species one, two or three tick species were collected. The most widespread tick is Ixodes ricinus which was found on 25 different host species.The present paper is based on original and literature data. In Croatia the first studies on the occurrence of ixodid species were made about 80 years ago. The number of tick species recorded in Croatia considerably increased during the 1950s, 60s, 70s and 80s of the past century. A total of 21 species of hard tick belonging to 5 genera have been recorded in Croatia.  Ixodidae) are obligate hematophaguos ectoparasites and important vectors of viruses, bacteria and protozoa , whereas the second locality was in open biotopes on grassland. In the veterinary clinic in \u0110akovo (BR 92), ticks were sampled from dogs during vaccination or during normal veterinary examinations, while sampling from cats was performed in the village of Zmajevac (CR 37). Also, some ticks were sampled from humans in the village of Zmajevac. Identification was carried out using standard keys for European ticks (http://www.faunaeur.org ) and http://www.itis.usda.gov/index.html ) for livestock.PageBreakThe following lists of species include all available literary records and new, still unpublished data. The samplings of ticks in Slavonia and Baranja were carried out during 2011 from the beginning of March to mid-September. Ticks were sampled by the flagging method, and were picked by hand from domestic animals and humans. The flagging method was used for tick sampling in two different vegetation types around the village of Mikleu\u0161 (YL 15). A 1 man ticks . The namChordataPhylum: VertebrataSubphylum: MammaliaClass: ArtiodactylaOrder: BovidaeFamily: Bos Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758Dermacentor marginatus , Dermacentor reticulatus , Haemaphysalis punctata Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878, Haemaphysalis inermis Birula, 1895, Hyalomma scupense Schulze, 1919, Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844, Rhipicephalus annulatus , Rhipicephalus bursa Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878, Rhipicephalus sanguineus , Ixodes hexagonus Leach, 1815, Ixodes ricinus Tick species: Capra Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Capra hircus Dermacentor marginatus, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis sulcata Canestrini and Fanzago, 1878, Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus Pomerantsev, 1940, Ixodes ricinusTick species: Ovis Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758Dermacentor marginatus, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis inermis, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Hyalomma scupense, Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Ixodes gibbosus Nuttal, 1916, Ixodes ricinusTick species: CervidaeFamily: Capreolus Gray, 1821Genus: Capreolus capreolus Haemaphysalis concinna Koch, 1844, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Ixodes ricinusTick species: CarnivoraOrder: CanidaeFamily: Canis Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Canis aureus Rhipicephalus sanguineusTick species: Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758Dermacentor marginatus, Haemaphysalis inermis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes ricinusTick species: MustelidaeFamily: Martes Pinel, 1792Genus: Martes foina Ixodes frontalis Tick species: Martes martes Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes ricinusTick species: FelidaeFamily: Felis Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Ixodes ricinusTick species: ChiropteraOrder: RhinolophidaeFamily: Rhinolophus Lacepede, 1799Genus: Rhinolophus ferrumequinum Ixodes vespertilionis Koch, 1844Tick species: Rhinolophus hipposideros Ixodes vespertilionisTick species: VespertilionidaeFamily: Miniopterus Bonaparte, 1837Genus: Miniopterus schreibersii Ixodes vespertilionisTick species: Myotis Kaup, 1829Genus: Myotis myotis Ixodes vespertilionisTick species: InsectivoraOrder: ErinaceidaeFamily: Erinaceus Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Erinaceus concolor Martin, 1838PageBreakIxodes hexagonusTick species: Erinaceus europaeus Linnaeus, 1758Hyalomma marginatumTick species: SoricidaeFamily: Neomys Kaup, 1829Genus: Neomys sp.Ixodes trianguliceps Birula, 1895Tick species: Sorex Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Sorex alpinus Schinz, 1837Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: PerissodactylaOrder: EquidaeFamily: Equus Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Equus asinus Linnaeus, 1758Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Ixodes ricinusTick species: Equus caballus Linnaeus, 1758Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis punctata, Hyalomma marginatum, Rhipicephalus annulatus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Ixodes hexagonus, Ixodes ricinusTick species: RodentiaOrder: MuridaeFamily: Apodemus Kaup, 1829Genus: Apodemus agrarius Dermacentor marginatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: Apodemus flavicollis Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: Apodemus mystacinus Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: Apodemus sylvaticus Dermacentor marginatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: PageBreakGenus: Clethrionomys Tilesius, 1850Clethrionomys glareolus Dermacentor marginatus, Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes triangulicepsTick species: Microtus, Schrank, 1798Genus: Microtus arvalis Dermacentor marginatusTick species: PrimatesOrder: HominidaeFamily: Homo Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Homo sapiens Linnaeus, 1758Ixodes ricinusTick species: AvesClass: ApodiformesOrder: ApodidaeFamily: Tachymarptis Genus: Tachymarptis melba Haemaphysalis erinacei Pavesi, 1884Tick species: FalconiformesOrder: AccipitridaeFamily: Buteo Lacepede, 1799Genus: Buteo buteo Ixodes ricinusTick species: PasseriformesOrder: CorvidaeFamily: Pica Brisson, 1760Genus: Pica pica Ixodes ricinusTick species: BombycillidaeFamily: Bombycilla Vieillot, 1808Genus: Bombycilla garrulus PageBreakIxodes frontalisTick species: SaxicolidaeFamily: Luscinia Forster, 1817Genus: Luscinia megarhynchos C.L. Brehm 1831Ixodes ricinusTick species: Phoenicurus Forster, 1817Genus: Phoenicurus ochruros Ixodes frontalisTick species: TurdidaeFamily: Turdus Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758Ixodes arboricola Schulze and Schlottke, 1930, Ixodes ricinusTick species: Turdus philomelos C. L. Brehm, 1831Ixodes ricinusTick species: MotacillidaeFamily: Anthus Bechstein, 1805Genus: Anthus trivialis Ixodes ricinusTick species: Motacilla Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758Haemaphysalis punctataTick species: SylviidaeFamily: Cettia Bonaparte, 1834Genus: Cettia cetti Ixodes ricinusTick species: ReptiliaClass: SquamataOrder: LacertidaeFamily: Lacerta Linnaeus, 1758Genus: Lacerta bilineata Daudin, 1802Haemaphysalis concinnaTick species: Lacerta trilineata Bedriaga, 1886Haemaphysalis sulcataTick species: Lacerta viridis Haemaphysalis sulcataTick species: Dalmatolacerta Arnold, Arribas & Carranza, 2007Genus: Dalmatolacerta oxycephala Haemaphysalis sulcataTick species: Podarcis Wagler, 1830Genus: Podarcis melisellensis Haemaphysalis concinna, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Ixodes ricinusTick species: Podarcis muralis Haemaphysalis concinnaTick species: Podarcis sicula Haemaphysalis sulcata, Ixodes ricinusTick species: Algyroides Genus: Algyroides nigropunctatus Haemaphysalis concinna, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Ixodes ricinusTick species: ColubridaeFamily: Elaphe Fitzinger, 1833Genus: Elaphe longissima Haemaphysalis concinnaTick species: http://www.google.com/earth/index.html , http://www.worldplaces.net , http://www.plsavez.hr ).PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakSampling sites are identified by a running number referring to the map in Dermacentor Koch, 1844, Haemaphysalis Koch, 1844, Hyalomma Koch, 1844, Rhipicephalus Koch, 1844, and Ixodes Latreille, 1795. The genera Dermacentor and Hyalomma are represented by a two species, followed by Rhipicephalus with four species, Haemaphysalis with six species,and Ixodes with seven species. While studying the territory of Slavonia and Baranja during 2011, a total of 1425 ticks were collected. All the collected ticks were classified into 5 species. The identified species were classified into the following genera: Dermacentor, Haemaphysalis and Ixodes. Ixodes ricinus made up 83.44% of the tick fauna in the researched area, while 16.56% were representatives of other species.The tick fauna of Croatia is now known to include 21 species. These species are classified into five genera: For every species are mentioned, sex, developmental stage , sampling place, month or date, host and data source.Family IXODIDAE Murray, 1877GenusDermacentor Koch 1844Dermacentor marginatus 1. Ovis aries \u2642\u2642, \u2640\u2640 Ka\u0161tela, month: VI. 1936\u20131963 from PageBreak\u2642\u2642, \u2640\u2640 Split, months: I. II. III. IV.V.VI. XI. XII. 1936\u20131963 from Ovis aries, Equus caballus, Bos taurus  1.VIII. 1975 from lvaticus Ovis aries \u2642\u2642, \u2640\u2640 Ka\u0161tela Bay, month: X.2000 from Ovis aries, Capra hircus, Bos taurus 2. Equus caballus, Bos taurus \u2642\u2642, \u2640\u2640 Ka\u0161tela Bay, month: X.2000 from Ovis aries, Capra hircus, Bos taurus 8. \u2642\u2642, \u2640\u2640 Bra\u010d Island: GenusHyalomma Koch, 1844Hyalomma scupense Schulze, 19199. Ovis aries, Bos taurus \u2642\u2642, \u2640\u2640 Ka\u0161tela Bay, month: X. 2000 from Ovis aries, Capra hircus, Bos taurus 11. Bos taurus 13. Ovis aries \u2642\u2642, \u2640\u2640 ibidem: 28.III. , 27.IV., 1.VI., 4.VI. 1965 from \u2642\u2642, \u2640\u2640 ibidem: Canis lupus familiaris \u2640 Slano (Dubrovnik) 10.V.1953 from Ovis aries (Tovornik and Vesenjak -Hirjan 1988)\u2642\u2642, \u2640\u2640 Ugljan Island: Kali 9.\u201320.V.1955 from Ovis aries \u2642\u2642, \u2640\u2640 Mljet Island: Babino polje 8.\u20139.IV.1981, 16.\u201317.V. 1981 from Capra hircus, Ovis aries, Canis lupus familiaris, Equus asinus \u2642\u2642, \u2640\u2640 Ugljan Island: Kali 9.\u201320.V.1955 from Ovis aries \u2642\u2642, \u2640 Dugi otok Island: 29.IV.1986 from Capra hircus and other domestic animals 16. PageBreak\u2640 Velebit mountain: Donja Klada, 1975 from Martes foina 19. Ovis aries  1.VIII.1975 from lvaticus \u2642\u2642, \u2640\u2640 Istra: U\u010dka mountain PageBreakLL ibidem: 12.VII. 1969 from Apodemus flavicollis  occurred on horses in the greatest number in the territory of northwestern Croatia. He considered that the name Dermacentor pictus was a valid name, while the name Dermacentor reticulatus was synonymous. Dermacentor reticulatus correctly, applying the principle of priority which is commonly accepted in zoological nomenclature. Hyalomma  detritum Schulze, 1919 is a synonym for the species Hyalomma  scupense Schulze, 1919. Because of that, Hyalomma  detritum Schulze 1919 is not included in the list of Croatian tick fauna although it was reported in several papers. Furthermore, seven species Rhipicephalus annulatus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis concinna, Haemaphysalis inermis, Haemaphysalis parva, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Ixodes vespertilionis were not previously included in the previous compilations of ticks for the Croatian fauna on the website of Fauna Europaea. However, some of these species were recorded from several localities in Croatia (Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor marginatus were the most common species. According to Ixodes ricinus in the field collections throughout Europe seems to be a general trend. The tick fauna of Mikleu\u0161 in Slavonia fully corresponds to the tick fauna in Prekmurje and in central Slovenia (Ixodes ricinus is a common reservoir and the usual vector of Borelia burgdorferisensu lato and a variety of other pathogens infecting humans (PageBreakobtained on the geographical distribution of Ixodes ricinus, Dermacentor reticulatus, Haemaphysalis concinna and Ixodes hexagonus because the specimens of these species had not been found previously in eastern Croatia. Only Dermacentor marginatus was noted in 1955 in Baranja, in the territory of eastern Croatia (Creating a list of ticks present in the Croatian fauna is somewhat complicated because the territory of Croatia was formerly part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and later part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Before the disintegration of Yugoslavia, nearly all of the records were simply summarized as being from Yugoslavia and the faunas of the new European states were not differentiated. For instance,  Croatia , 1991b.  Croatia , whereas Croatia , five ofSlovenia . In mostg humans . Finally Croatia ."}
{"text": "There was an error in the title of the article. The correct title is:3D Quantification of Tumor Vasculature in Lymphoma Xenografts in NOD/SCID Mice Allows to Detect Differences among Vascular-Targeted TherapiesThe correct citation is:Righi M, Giacomini A, Cleris L, Carlo-Stella C (2013) 3D Quantification of Tumor Vasculature in Lymphoma Xenografts in NOD/SCID Mice Allows to Detect Differences among Vascular-Targeted Therapies. PLoS ONE 8(3): e59691. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0059691"}
{"text": "Unfortunately, it can produce unwanted side effects in various tissues, including the liver. The present study investigated the possible protective role of curcumin and \u03b1-tocopherol against oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in rats upon cisplatin treatment.Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n\u2009=\u20095). Saline and Cis groups, rats were intraperitoneal (i.p.) injected with normal saline and cisplatin [20 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)], respectively. Cis\u2009+\u2009\u03b1-tocopherol group, Cis\u2009+\u2009Cur group and Cis\u2009+\u2009\u03b1-tocopherol\u2009+\u2009Cur group, rats were pre-treated with a single dose of \u03b1-tocopherol (250 mg/kg b.w.), curcumin (200 mg/kg b.w.) and combined \u03b1-tocopherol with curcumin, respectively, for 24 h prior the administration of cisplatin. After 72 h of first injection, specimens were collected. Liver enzyme, lipid peroxidation biomarker, liver histopathology and gene expression of liver nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase were investigated.Cisplatin revealed a significant increase of hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a significant reduction of hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities compared to the saline group. It elicited a marked increase of the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and demonstrated the liver pathologies including liver congestion, disorganization of hepatic cords and ground glass appearance of hepatocytes. It also demonstrated a significant increase of NADPH oxidase gene expression compared to saline group. Pre-treatment with combined curcumin and \u03b1-tocopherol improved the liver enzymes, lipid peroxidation biomarker, liver histopathology and gene expression of liver NADPH oxidase in cisplatin-treated rats.The findings indicate that pre-treatment with combined curcumin and \u03b1-tocopherol can protect cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity including the biochemical, histological and molecular aspects. The down-regulations of NADPH oxidase gene expression may be involved in abrogating oxidative stress via reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Curcoperties . Moreoveoperties . Additiooperties . This stoperties ,29.Alpha-tocopherol is an isoform of lipid-soluble vitamin E which acts as a powerful antioxidant ,31. The We suggest that oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancing ROS generation through up-regulation of NADPH oxidase gene and by reducing activities of enzymatic antioxidants. These findings indicate that pre-treatment with combined curcumin and \u03b1-tocopherol can protect cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity including biochemical, histological and molecular aspects. The study provides the evidence of combined curcumin and \u03b1-tocopherol as the new adjuvant of cisplatin to abrogate the hepatotoxicity upon cancer chemotherapy.cis-Diammineplatinum (II) dichloride; Cr(VI): hexavalent chromium; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; EDTA: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; GPx: Glutathione peroxidase; H&E: Hematoxylin and eosin; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide; i.p: Intraperitoneal; LSD: Least significant difference; MDA: Malondialdehyde; MgCl2: Magnesium chloride; NaCl: Sodium chloride; NADPH oxidase: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; O2: Superoxide radical; OH: Hydroxyl radical; PBS: Phosphate buffered saline; RNA: Ribonucleic acid; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; RT-PCR: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; S.E.M.: Standard error of the mean; SDS: Sodium dodecyl sulfate; SOD: Superoxide dismutase; TBA: Thiobarbituric acid; TBARS: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances.ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; ANOVA: Analysis of variance, AST, Aspartate aminotransferase; b.w: Body weight; BHT: Butylated hydroxytoluene; BSA: Bovine serum albumin; Cisplatin: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.SP conceived this study, and designed the experiments and performed most of the experiments. CP contributed to the liver histology analysis. PK carried out the liver SOD and catalase analysis. All authors analyzed the data, and discussed and concluded the results. SP and PS provided final editing to the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/14/111/prepub"}
{"text": "Radiol Oncol 2012; 46(2): 166\u2013169.doi:10.2478/v10019-012-0019-xThe first and family names of the authors were not quoted adequately. The correct author\u2019s first and given names are: Lino Del Pup, Vincenzo Canzonieri, Diego Serraino, Elio Campagnutta."}
{"text": "Galleria\" was misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: \"LPS Structure and PhoQ Activity Are Important for Salmonella Typhimurium Virulence in the Galleria mellonella Infection Model.\" The term \"Salmonella Typhimurium Virulence in the Galleria mellonella Infection Model. PLoS ONE 8(8): e73287. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073287 The correct citation is: Bender JK, Wille T, Blank K, Lange A, Gerlach RG (2013) LPS Structure and PhoQ Activity Are Important for"}
{"text": "Abstract Evaniscus  Sz\u00e9pligeti currently includes six species. Two new species are described, Evaniscus lansdownei  Mullins, sp. n. from Colombia and Brazil and Evaniscus rafaeli  Kawada, sp. n. from Brazil. Evaniscus sulcigenis  Roman, syn. n., is synonymized under Evaniscus rufithorax  Enderlein. An identification key to species of Evaniscus  is provided. Thirty-five parsimony informative morphological characters are analyzed for six ingroup and four outgroup taxa. A topology resulting in a monophyletic Evaniscus  is presented with Evaniscus tibialis  and Evaniscus rafaeli  as sister to the remaining Evaniscus  species. The Hymenoptera  Anatomy Ontology and other relevant biomedical ontologies are employed to create semantic phenotype statements in Entity-Quality (EQ) format for species descriptions. This approach is an early effort to formalize species descriptions and to make descriptive data available to other domains.The Neotropical evaniid genus  Evaniscus  (Hymenoptera : Evaniidae ). Ensign wasps develop as solitary predators within cockroach egg cases (Dictyoptera : Blattodea). The family is common across the world except in polar regions, and species diversity is highest in the Neotropics , Evaniscus rufithorax  Enderlein, 1905, and Evaniscus sulcigenis  Roman, 1917.Evaniidae , identification of species must be done by direct comparison with type specimens since there is a shortage of useable species descriptions or identification keys.Two hundred-fifty years of ensign wasp taxonomy has thus far yielded a corpus of species descriptions that lack utility beyond the realm of descriptive taxonomy . For almost all Evaniscus  species as well as a phylogeny, annotated images, and distribution records for species , 2) apply new descri PageBreakptive methods, whereby annotations are composed from multiple ontologies to form semantic phenotype statements  provide diagnostic characters for the identification of Collaborative environment . We used many accessible, free tools that have potential to help accelerate the publication of a manuscript. Since the authors were separated by physical distance, we used tools disseminated through the World Wide Web, such as online text editors (e.g. Google docs), Google draw, and Flickr (http://flickr.com  ) that allowed for immediate and efficient communication. Matrix-based species descriptions were generated from mx  statements   and Spatial Ontology (BSPO) . Wing vein terminology is included from Evaniscus  species and outgroups treated in this study. All characters and character states are available in Appendix A.atements , where aogy HAO,  version\u00a0gy PATO,  version Measurements . Mesosoma length is measured in lateral view from the anterior-most point of the pronotum to the posterior-most point of the metapectal-propodeal complex. All measurements were made with an ocular micrometer, installed inside an Olympus SZX16 Research Stereo Microscope.Semantic phenotype development . 1) All phenotype data were captured in mx as a character matrix; 2) Descriptive matrix elements and mx-generated specimen identifiers were exported to OWL ; 3) OWL-formatted data from mx were loaded along with HAO, PATO, RO, and BSPO into Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 4.1 (http://protege.stanford.edu/ ); 4) Semantic phenotype annotations were manually added to character states within Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 as OWL class expressions using the built-in Manchester syntax (http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-manchester-syntax/ ) editor. All phenotype statements in Manchester syntax are available in Appendix B.PageBreakPhylogenetics . Outgroups from four different genera were chosen from the closest known relatives based on estimated evaniid relationships using 16S and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) data in MrBayes (Evaniscus  (Alobevania gattiae  Kawada and Deans 2008). To discover new characters of phylogenetic importance, we examined as many individuals of each species as possible and extracted homologous characters across species. A total of 31 parsimony-informative morphological characters were analyzed in this study. A parsimony analysis was performed with an exhaustive search in PAUP* version 4, beta 10 . Phylogenetic datasets, trees and associated metadata, such as specimen information and matrices, were exported from mx as NeXML and are deposited into TreeBASE. Semantic, marked-up phenotype annotations expressed in OWL are deposited in the Dryad Data repository. Mx-generated species pages are provided to the Encyclopedia of Life via XML exports.ed in mx . Over twDistribution map . Google Maps \u00ae is used to produce distribution maps for each species. Collecting locality data are available on species pages at the Evanioidea  Online (http://evanioidea.info/ ) descriptive web pages and are also shared with EOL.Images . Specimens were examined using an Olympus SZX16 Research Stereo Microscope (at NCSU) and Leica MZ12.5 (at MZSP). Images for figures were obtained using the Passport Storm Portable Imaging System by Visionary Digital and combined with Combine ZP\u00a9 (Hadley 2009) or a Leica M205C magnifying glass attached to a Leica DFC 295 video camera with images combined using Leica LAS (Leica Application Suite V3.6.0) Microsystems by Leica (Switzerland) Limited. All images were cropped and brightness and contrast were adjusted in Adobe Photoshop \u00ae CS4 when necessary. Images included within this study are available at Morphbank (http://morphbank.net  ).Material examined . Specimens (Appendix C) were borrowed from museums (see Acknowledgments). Nine specimens of Evaniscus rufithorax  and four specimens of Evaniscus marginatus  (including the holotype for Evaniscus marginatus  and three syntypes of Evaniscus rufithorax ), and two additional specimens of Evaniscus tibialis  were observed and imaged at the Natural History Museum in London, UK and Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany, but were not assigned NCSU barcode numbers.10.5061/dryad.2jd88 and at TreeBASE (http://purl.org/phylo/treebase/phylows/study/TB2:S13316 ).PageBreakThe data underpinning the analyses reported in this paper are deposited in the Dryad Data Repository at doi: Sz\u00e9pligeti, 1903http://species-id.net/wiki/EvaniscusEvaniscus : Sz\u00e9pligeti, 1903 Evaniscus : Sz\u00e9pligeti, G. 1903: 378Pseudevania : Bradley, J. C. 1905: 63\u201364 (misspelling)Evaniscus  are distinguished from other Evaniidae  by a combination of the following character states: Fore wing RS+M vein presence: absent; mesosternum length vs metasternum length: ventral margin of mesosternum length equal to ventral margin of metapectus length; head shape: hemispherical in lateral view; flagellomere number: 13; metasoma shape in lateral view: ovoid; mandibular teeth number: 2; metanotum sculpture: scrobiculate; mesoscutellum sculpture: foveate; metapectal-propodeal complex sculpture: areolate; vertex sculpture: foveate; carinae on gena presence: present; notauli presence: present; parapsidal signum presence: present; subantennal carinae presence: present; preorbital carinae presence: present.Members of the genus Head . Mandibular teeth number: 2. Subantennal carina presence: present. Preorbital carina presence: present. Carinae  on gena presence: present. Vertex sculpture: foveate. Radicle sculpture: punctate.Mesosoma . Mesosternum length vs. metasternum length: ventral margin of mesosternum length equal to ventral margin of metapectus length. Metanotum sculpture: scrobiculate. Mesoscutellum sculpture: foveate. Metapectal propodeal complex surface feature shape: areolate. Notaulus presence: present. Parapsidal signum presence: present.Legs . Metatibial spur length: inner metatibial spur greater than 1.3\u00d7 as long as outer spur. Spines on posterior area of metatibia presence: present.Wings . Fore wing length: extending beyond posterior margin of metasoma. Fore wing cell count: 6 cells. Fore wing RS+M vein presence: absent. Hind wing jugal region presence: present.Mullins sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1EA35281-4E0D-4317-A533-39A905883629http://species-id.net/wiki/Evaniscus_lansdowneiThis species is named in honor of four sixth-grade students  at Lansdowne Middle School, Baltimore, MD, for winning the Hexapod Haiku challenge at North Carolina State University in 2011.Evaniscus lansdownei  is easily recognized by two unique characters: fore wing vein color: yellow; setae on proximal region of fore wing color: yellow.Head . Head color: yellow. Mandible color vs clypeus color: mandible color same as clypeus color. Subantennal carina length: extending dorsally of medial margin of lower face. Preorbital carina length: extending dorsally to ventral margin of the antennal foramen. Upper face sculpture: punctate and foveate. Malar space length vs. half compound eye height : shorter than half compound eye height. Ocellar ocular line length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: as long or longer than lateral ocellus diameter. Posterior ocellar length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: 1.5\u00d7 as long as the diameter of the lateral ocellus. Ventral region of occipital carina curvature in lateral view: straight. Radicle color: yellow. Scape color: yellow. Scape length vs compound eye height: scape shorter than half compound eye height.PageBreakMesosoma . Mesosoma length: 3.5\u20133.5 mm (n=1). Antero-dorsal region of mesosoma color: yellow. Postero-ventral region of mesosoma color: black. Median notch of transverse pronotal carina presence: present. Transverse pronotal carina length: long, extending postero-laterally of epomia. Pronotal collar sculpture: foveate. Patch that is part of dorsal region of lateral pronotal area texture: smooth. Pronotal lobe carina presence: present. Mesonotum color: red. Mesoscutum shape: as long as wide (length of mesoscutum > width of mesoscutum). Antero-admedian line length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: equal to lateral ocellus diameter. Parapsidal signum conspicuousness: inconspicuous. Foveae on notaulus presence: present. Distance between depressions vs. diameter of depressions on internotaular area: greater than the diameter of one depression. Mesofemoral depression sculpture: smooth. Mesofemoral depression pilosity presence: absent. Ventral area of the mesopectus sculpture: smooth. Medial region of transmetapectal carina presence: absent. Area dorsal of transmetapectal carina sculpture: areolate. Posterior propodeal projection shape in lateral view: not raised. Posterior region of plica presence: present. Dorsal area of the metapectal-propodeal complex sculpture: foveate. Posterior margin of the metapectal-propodeal complex ventrally of the propodeal foramen curvature in lateral view: curved. Mesosoma color: black posteroventrally, yellow anterodorsally.Legs . Fore leg color: yellow. Mid leg color: yellow. Hind leg color: black. Metafemur length vs. metatibia length: metafemur equal to or shorter than metatibia. Metabasitarsus length vs metatibia length: metabasitarsus 1.2\u00d7 to 1.4\u00d7 as short as metatibia.Wings . Fore wing vein color: yellow. Setae on proximal region of fore wing color: yellow.Metasoma . Metasoma color: black. Dorsal region of petiole sculpture: foveate.HOLOTYPE male: COLOMBIA: Mata Mata Sta., Sweep, 8\u201312..2000, M. Sharkey, NCSU 33809 (deposited in NCSU). Paratypes . BRAZIL: NCSU 67242 (INPA).http://species-id.net/wiki/Evaniscus_marginatusEvania marginatus : Cameron, 1887  holotype female, deposited at BMNH, labels: \u201cGuatemala, Capetillo (Champion)\u201d, mx_id: 479; holotype female, deposited at BMNH, labels: \u201cGuatemala, Capetillo (Champion)\u201d,\u00a0mx_id:\u00a015348Evania marginata : Cameron, P. 1887: 430 (genus transfer)Pseudevania marginata : Kieffer, J. J. 1903: 111 Zeuxevania marginata : Kieffer, J. J. 1904: 395 (genus transfer)Evaniscus marginatus : Bradley, J. C. 1908: 180Evaniscus marginatus  is recognized by the combination of the following character states: subantennal carina length: extending dorsally of medial margin of PageBreaklower face; pronotal lobe carina presence: absent; mesofemoral depression sculpture: foveate; mesofemoral depression pilosity presence: present.Head . Head color: dorsal half of upper face and vertex color black; ventral half of upper face and lower face color red or yellow. Mandible color vs clypeus color: mandible color different than clypeus color; mandible color same as clypeus color. Subantennal carina length: extending dorsally of medial margin of lower face. Preorbital carina length: extending dorsally to the ventral margin of the anterior ocellus. Upper face sculpture: foveate. Malar space length vs. half compound eye height : shorter than half compound eye height. Ocellar ocular line length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: shorter than lateral ocellus diameter. Posterior ocellar length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: 1.5\u00d7 as long as the diameter of the lateral ocellus. Ventral region of occipital carina curvature in lateral view: straight. Ventral region of the postoccipital carina shape: not raised. Radicle color: yellow; orange. Scape color: yellow; orange. Scape length vs compound eye height: scape shorter than half compound eye height. Female flagellomere 1-8 shape: distinctly wider than long (length of flagellomere < width of flagellomere). Shape of occiput: as high as wide.Mesosoma . Mesosoma length: 2.75\u20132.75 mm (n=4). Antero-dorsal region of mesosoma color: black. Postero-ventral region of mesosoma color: black. Median notch of transverse pronotal carina presence: present. Transverse pronotal carina length: long, extending postero-laterally of epomia. Pronotal collar sculpture: scrobiculate and foveate. Patch that is part of dorsal region of lateral pronotal area texture: smooth. Pronotal lobe carina presence: absent. Mesonotum color: black. Mesoscutum shape: as long as wide (length of mesoscutum > width of mesoscutum). Antero-admedian line length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: equal to lateral ocellus diameter. Parapsidal signum conspicuousness: inconspicuous. Foveae on notaulus presence: absent. Distance between depressions vs. diameter of depressions on internotaular area: greater than the diameter of one depression. Mesofemoral depression sculpture: foveate. Mesofemoral depression pilosity presence: present. Ventral area of the mesopectus sculpture: foveate. Medial region of transmetapectal carina presence: absent. Area dorsal of transmetapectal carina sculpture: smooth. Posterior propodeal projection shape in lateral view: not raised. Posterior region of plica presence: absent. Dorsal area of the metapectal-propodeal complex sculpture: foveate. Posterior margin of the metapectal-propodeal complex ventrally of the propodeal foramen curvature in lateral view: curved. Mesosoma color: black.Legs . Fore leg color: yellow; red. Mid leg color: yellow; red. Hind leg color: black. Metafemur length vs. metatibia length: metafemur equal to or shorter than metatibia. Metabasitarsus length vs metatibia length: metabasitarsus 1.4\u00d7 to 1.6\u00d7 as short as metatibia.Wings . Fore wing vein color: black. Setae on proximal region of fore wing color: black.Metasoma . Metasoma color: black. Dorsal region of petiole sculpture: foveate.PageBreakHolotype female: GUATEMALA: (deposited in BMNH). Other material : BRAZIL: 2 females. NCSU 67240-67241 (MZSP). COSTA RICA: 5 females, 2 males. NCSU 9892 (AEIC); NCSU 9893 (UCDC); mx_id 15343-15346 (BMNH); Deans Lab Legacy Identifiers DERV052 (INBC). ECUADOR: 1 female. NCSU 41748 (USNM). MEXICO: 1 female. NCSU 9894 (TAMU).Kawada sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C580F20D-5107-4715-9284-BB21F629004Ehttp://species-id.net/wiki/Evaniscus_rafaeliThe specific epithet honors Jos\u00e9 Albertino Rafael, a great collector in the Amazon forest and an entomologist at INPA.Evaniscus tibialis : posterior margin of the metapectal-propodeal complex ventrally of the propodeal foramen curvature in lateral view: straight; scape length vs compound eye height: scape longer than half compound eye height; mesoscutum shape: wider than long (length of mesoscutum < width of mesoscutum); dorsal region of petiole sculpture: wrinkled. The following character states are present in Evaniscus rafaeli  but not in Evaniscus tibialis : ventral region of occipital carina curvature in lateral view: straight; median notch of transverse pronotal carina presence: present; transverse pronotal carina length: long, extending postero-laterally of epomia; parapsidal signum conspicuousness: inconspicuous.This species shares the following character states with Head . Head color: orange. Mandible color vs clypeus color: mandible color same as clypeus color. Subantennal carina length: extending dorsally of medial margin of lower face. Preorbital carina length: extending dorsally to the ventral margin of the anterior ocellus. Upper face sculpture: foveate. Malar space length vs. half compound eye height : shorter than half compound eye height. Ocellar ocular line length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: as long or longer than lateral ocellus diameter. Posterior ocellar length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: 1.5\u00d7 as long as the diameter of the lateral ocellus. Ventral region of occipital carina curvature in lateral view: straight. Ventral region of the postoccipital carina shape: raised. Radicle color: red. Scape color: red. Scape length vs compound eye height: scape longer than half compound eye height. Female flagellomere 1-8 shape: distinctly wider than long (length of flagellomere < width of flagellomere). Shape of occiput: as high as wide.Mesosoma . Mesosoma length: 2.0\u20132.0 mm (n=4). Antero-dorsal region of mesosoma color: red. Postero-ventral region of mesosoma color: red. Median notch of transverse pronotal carina presence: present. Transverse pronotal carina length: long, extending postero-laterally of epomia. Pronotal collar sculpture: scrobiculate and foveate. Patch that is part of dorsal region of lateral pronotal area texture: smooth. Pronotal lobe carina presence: present. Mesonotum color: red. Mesoscutum shape: wider than long (length of mesoscutum < width of mesoscutum). Antero-admedian line length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: equal to lateral ocellus diameter. Parapsidal signum conspicuousness: inconspicuous. Foveae on notaulus presence: present. Distance between depressions vs. diameter of depressions on internotaular area: less than the diameter of one depression. Mesofemoral depression sculpture: smooth. Mesofemoral depression pilosity presence: absent. Ventral area of the mesopectus sculpture: smooth. Medial region of transmetapectal carina presence: absent. Area dorsal of transmetapectal carina sculpture: areolate. Posterior propodeal projection shape in lateral view: not raised. Posterior region of plica presence: absent. Dorsal PageBreakarea of the metapectal-propodeal complex sculpture: foveate. Posterior margin of the metapectal-propodeal complex ventrally of the propodeal foramen curvature in lateral view: straight. Mesosoma color: red.Legs . Fore leg color: red. Mid leg color: red. Hind leg color: red-black. Metafemur length vs. metatibia length: metafemur longer than metatibia. Metabasitarsus length vs metatibia length: metabasitarsus 1.2\u00d7 to 1.4\u00d7 as short as metatibia.Wings . Fore wing vein color: black. Setae on proximal region of fore wing color: black.Metasoma . Metasoma color: black. Dorsal region of petiole sculpture: wrinkled.PageBreakHOLOTYPE female: BRAZIL: Manaus Reserva [Florestal Adolpho] Ducke, 26 Km NE Manaus, Arm. suspensa 21m, 22.1988, JA Rafael, NCSU 0067245 (deposited in INPA). Paratypes : BRAZIL: 3 females. NCSU 67243-67244, 67246 (INPA).Enderlein, 1905http://species-id.net/wiki/Evaniscus_rufithoraxEvaniscus rufithorax : Enderlein, 1905  male, deposited at ZMPA, labels: \u201cBolivien. Mapiri and Peru: Pachita{Pachitea}-Flu\u00df\u201d, mx_id: 480; syntype male, deposited at ZMHB, labels: \u201cBolivia Mapiri Staudinger, V.\u201d, mx_id: 15349; syntype male, deposited at ZMHB, labels: \u201cBolivia Mapiri Staudinger, V.\u201d, mx_id: 15350; syntype male, deposited at ZMHB, labels: \u201cPeru Pachitea-Fluss Staudinger, V.\u201d, mx_id: 15351Evaniscus rufithorax : Enderlein, G. 1905: 711Evaniscus rufithorax  is the most commonly collected species of in the genus. This species differs from other Evansicus  by a combination of the following character states: pronotal lobe carina presence: present; subantennal carina length: extending ventrally of medial margin of lower face.Head . Head color: dorsal half of upper face and vertex color black; ventral half of upper face and lower face color red or yellow; orange. Mandible color vs clypeus color: mandible color same as clypeus color. Subantennal carina length: extending ventrally of medial margin of lower face. Preorbital carina length: extending dorsally to ventral margin of the antennal foramen. Upper face sculpture: foveate. Malar space length vs. half compound eye height : shorter than half compound eye height. Ocellar ocular line length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: shorter than lateral ocellus diameter. Posterior ocellar length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: 1.5x as long as the diameter of the lateral ocellus. Ventral region of occipital carina curvature in lateral view: straight. Ventral region of the postoccipital carina shape: not raised. Radicle color: yellow; orange. Scape color: yellow; orange. Scape length vs compound eye height: scape shorter than half compound eye height. Female flagellomere 1-8 shape: distinctly longer than wide (length of flagellomere > width of flagellomere). Shape of occiput: as high as wide.Mesosoma . Mesosoma length: 2.25\u20132.85 mm (n=29). Antero-dorsal region of mesosoma color: red. Postero-ventral region of mesosoma color: black; red. Median notch of transverse pronotal carina presence: present. Transverse pronotal carina length: long, extending postero-laterally of epomia. Pronotal collar sculpture: foveate. Patch that is part of dorsal region of lateral pronotal area texture: smooth. Pronotal lobe carina presence: present. Mesonotum color: red; black. Mesoscutum shape: as long as wide (length of mesoscutum > width of mesoscutum). Antero-admedian line length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: equal to lateral ocellus diameter. Parapsidal signum conspicuousness: inconspicuous. Foveae on notaulus presence: present. Distance between depressions vs. diameter of depressions on internotaular area: greater than the diameter of one depression. Mesofemoral depression sculpture: smooth. Mesofemoral depression pilosity presence: absent. Ventral area of the mesopectus sculpture: foveate. Medial region of transmetapectal carina presence: absent. Area dorsal of transmetapectal carina sculpture: smooth. Posterior propodeal projection shape in lateral view: not raised. PageBreakPosterior region of plica presence: absent. Dorsal area of the metapectal-propodeal complex sculpture: foveate. Posterior margin of the metapectal-propodeal complex ventrally of the propodeal foramen curvature in lateral view: curved. Mesosoma color: black posteroventrally, red anterodorsally.Legs . Fore leg color: yellow; red. Mid leg color: yellow; red. Hind leg color: red-black. Metafemur length vs. metatibia length: metafemur equal to or shorter than metatibia. Metabasitarsus length vs metatibia length: metabasitarsus 1.2\u00d7 to 1.4\u00d7 as short as metatibia.Wings . Fore wing vein color: black. Setae on proximal region of fore wing color: black.Metasoma . Metasoma color: black. Dorsal region of petiole sculpture: foveate.PageBreak males. mx_id 15349-15350 (ZMHB); mx_id 23037 (ZMPA). Other material : BRAZIL: 8 females, 31 males, 1 sex unknown. NCSU 2395-2400, 6967-6968, 41750 (AEIC); NCSU 67257-67273, 67279 (INPA); NCSU 9888-9889 (UCDC); NCSU 67280-67286 (MPEG); NCSU 67287-67290 (MZSP). COLOMBIA: 1 female, 4 males. NCSU 33582, 36699, 41741-41742 (NCSU); mx 2840 (unknown). ECUADOR: 9 females, 23 males. NCSU 6969-6974, 6976-6977, 6986-7000 (AEIC); NCSU 6979-6985 (UCDC); NCSU 6975 (INHS); NCSU 6978 (USNM). GUYANA: 1 male. mx_id 15338 (BMNH). PERU: 3 females, 15 males. NCSU 18398-18399 (MZLU); NCSU 67277-67278 (MIUP); NCSU 9886-9887, 9890-9891 (AEIC); mx_id 15340-15342 (BMNH); NCSU 2391-2394 (INHS); NCSU 67274-67276 (CAS). SURINAME: 1 male. mx_id 15337 (BMNH).Lectotype male, current designation: PERU: 1 male. mx_id 15351 (ZMHB). Paralectotypes: 3 males, current designation: BOLIVIA: 3Evaniscus rufithorax  specimens, but is black in this type specimen.A lectotype was designated because syntypes were from specimens with different localities and one syntype varies in color; the male specimen chosen as lectotype from Peru is in very good condition and fits the description well. The male paralectotype from Bolivia that is at ZMPA varies in color (only) from the other type specimens and all known other material; the antero-dorsal region of mesosoma color is red in all Sz\u00e9pligeti, 1903http://species-id.net/wiki/Evaniscus_tibialisEvaniscus tibialis : Sz\u00e9pligeti, 1903  holotype female, deposited at HNHM, labels: \u201cVenezuela: Merida\u201d, mx_id: 482; holotype female, deposited at HNHM, labels: \u201cMerida Venezuela 539 135 Evaniscus tibialis Szepl. id.nr.015742 HNHM Hym. Coll. \u201c, mx_id: 15132Evaniscus tibialis : Sz\u00e9pligeti, G. 1903: 378Evaniscus tibialis  is the largest species of the genus, is the only species that ever has an entirely black body, and can be distinguished from other species by the combination of the following characters: ocellar ocular line length vs lateral ocellus diameter: as long or longer than lateral ocellus diameter; transverse pronotal carina length: short, not extending postero-laterally of epomia; parapsidal signum conspicuousness: conspicuous; posterior propodeal projection shape in lateral view: raised.Head . Head color: black; dorsal half of upper face and vertex color black; ventral half of upper face and lower face color red. Mandible color vs clypeus color: mandible color same as clypeus color. Subantennal carina length: extending dorsally of medial margin of lower face. Preorbital carina length: extending dorsally to the ventral margin of the anterior ocellus. Upper face sculpture: foveate. Malar space length vs half compound eye height : as long as or longer than half compound eye height. Ocellar ocular line length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: as long or longer than lateral ocellus diameter. Posterior ocellar length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: 1.5\u00d7 as long as the diameter of the lateral ocellus. Ventral region of occipital carina curvature in lateral view: curved. Ventral region of the postoccipital carina shape: raised. Radicle color: black; red. Scape color: black; red. Scape length vs compound eye height: scape longer than half compound eye height. Female flagellomere 1-8 shape: distinctly longer than wide (length of flagellomere > width of flagellomere). Shape of occiput: higher than wide.Mesosoma . Mesosoma length: 3.5mm (n=4). Antero-dorsal region of mesosoma color: black. Postero-ventral region of mesosoma color: black. Median notch of transverse pronotal carina presence: absent. Transverse pronotal carina length: short, not extending postero-laterally of epomia. Pronotal collar sculpture: foveate. Patch that is part of dorsal region of lateral pronotal area texture: wrinkled. Pronotal lobe carina presence: present. Mesonotum color: black. Mesoscutum shape: wider PageBreak than long (length of mesoscutum < width of mesoscutum). Antero-admedian line length vs. lateral ocellus diameter: greater than lateral ocellus diameter. Parapsidal signum conspicuousness: conspicuous. Foveae on notaulus presence: present. Distance between depressions vs. diameter of depressions on internotaular area: less than the diameter of one depression. Mesofemoral depression sculpture: smooth. Mesofemoral depression pilosity presence: absent. Ventral area of the mesopectus sculpture: smooth. Medial region of transmetapectal carina presence: present. Area dorsal of transmetapectal carina sculpture: areolate. Posterior propodeal projection shape in lateral view: raised. Posterior region of plica presence: present. Dorsal area of the metapectal-propodeal complex sculpture: areolate. Posterior margin of the metapectal-propodeal complex ventrally of the propodeal foramen curvature in lateral view: straight. Mesosoma color: black.PageBreakLegs . Fore leg color: red. Mid leg color: red. Hind leg color: black. Metafemur length vs. metatibia length: metafemur longer than metatibia. Metabasitarsus length vs metatibia length: equal.Wings . Fore wing vein color: black. Setae on proximal region of fore wing color: black.Metasoma . Metasoma color: black. Dorsal region of petiole sculpture: wrinkled.Holotype female: VENEZUELA: HNHM Hym Coll., (deposited in HNHM). Other material : BRAZIL: 4 females, 6 males. NCSU 67247-67255 (INPA); NCSU 67256 (MPEG). GUYANA: 2 males. mx_id 15339, 15347 (BMNH). TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO: 1 female, 3 males. NCSU 9896, 41745-41747 (USNM).Evaniscus .A single most parsimonious tree  was retaSemantic phenotypes . Through the descriptive process, taxonomists stand to contribute an immense body of knowledge that could be used to address a broad array of questions in many realms of biology  the diameter of one depression\u201d. This is more specific than the presence of some large scattered punctures on the mesonotum, but making a semantic statement from this character was not particularly intuitive . For the majority of characters in the descriptions presented here, the process of translation to more meaningful semantic statements was not as complicated.In the original description of Semantic phenotypes in these taxonomic descriptions were created in a logical manner by means of extracting anatomical information from an organism-specific ontology, such as the HAO, and pairing this with a quality from a general trait ontology (PATO). The natural language description persists, but a machine-readable interpretation is constructed that can be stored on the Semantic Web, where the valuable phenotypic data can easily be mined by computers and captured for use by taxonomists, biologists, or, essentially, anyone who wants to query the database of descriptions. Taxonomy that includes ontology-based descriptions, such as those presented in this manuscript, avails phenotype data to experts in all domains through bioinformatics applications.PageBreakGeographic distribution . In addition to the discovery of two new species, our results expand upon the geographical range of the four previously described species. Subsequently to the original descriptions, Evaniscus tibialis  has been collected in northeast Guyana, northern Brazil, and Trinidad. The range of Evaniscus rufithorax  has been expanded into north-central western Brazil, northeastern and southern Ecuador, and southern Colombia. Evaniscus marginatus  was described from Guatemala, and has now been collected in Costa Rica, Mexico, Brazil and Ecuador.Evaniscus lansdownei  was collected in Amazonas, one of these cockroach species could potentially represent the host of Evaniscus lansdownei .The majority of described evaniid species to date are from tropical regions , which iEvaniscus tibialis  specimens in this study were collected at the entrance to Tamana Caves, Trinidad. Blaberus posticus  dominates the cockroach fauna in this area, but because this is a blaberid and retains the ootheca within the abdominal wall, as do all other species dwelling in the caves, it is highly unlikely that they could be the host of Evaniscus tibialis  .Evaniscus , heterochromatism is limited to the head and mesosoma in Evaniscus rufithorax . The most distinct color morph of Evaniscus rufithorax  has the dorsal half of the upper face and vertex black while the ventral half of the upper face and lower face is red or yellow. However, a few males and females have an entirely red head. A similar color pattern can be applied to the mesosoma in this species; the majority of specimens have the postero-ventral region of the mesosoma black and the antero-dorsal region red, but some males and females have an entirely red mesosoma. The same variation in head color pattern applies to some specimens of Evaniscus tibialis , including the holotype.In Evaniscus rufithorax , or if rearing temperature plays a role in adult coloration. The females with entirely red heads were collected in Ecuador with the exception of one specimen collected in Brazil. This PageBreak heterochromatism is not female-limited, however, since males of the species do exhibit the same red color morph. There is geographical overlap between the red morphs and the more common specimens with the dorsal half of the upper face and vertex black and the postero-ventral region of the mesosoma black and the antero-dorsal region red. In addition to Evaniscus , intraspecific polychromatism has also been observed in Hyptia thoracica  specimens collected in the Sandhills Gamelands in North Carolina, with up to 8 different color morphs all present in the same area .With the limited availability of specimens in this study, it is difficult to determine if there is any correlation with color variation and biogeography in Systematics . In the morphological analysis, Evansicus  was well supported as a monophyletic lineage . Evaniscus rafaeli  was placed as sister to Evaniscus tibialis , and these two share several synapomorphic character states: posterior margin of the metapectal-propodeal complex ventrally of the propodeal foramen curvature in lateral view: straight; scape length vs compound eye height: scape longer than half compound eye height; mesoscutum shape: wider than long (length of mesoscutum < width of mesoscutum); distance between depressions vs. diameter of depressions on internotaular area: less than the diameter of one depression; dorsal region of petiole sculpture: wrinkled; metafemur length vs. metatibia length: metafemur longer than metatibia. While these two species share several characteristics, the support for their monophyly is moderate . Nearly 25% of parsimony informative characters were apomorphies for Evaniscus tibialis . Despite the morphological analysis placing Evaniscus tibialis  as sister to Evaniscus rafaeli , to the naked eye this species looks distinctly different from other Evaniscus  species, and our understanding of the placement of Evaniscus tibialis  would benefit from future molecular analyses.Evaniscus  comprising Evaniscus lansdownei , Evaniscus marginatus , Evaniscus rufithorax  and Evaniscus sulcigenis  was moderately supported , but all species share several derived character states: posterior margin of the metapectal-propodeal complex ventrally of the propodeal foramen curvature in lateral view: curved; scape length vs compound eye height: scape shorter than half compound eye height; mesoscutum shape: as long as wide (length of mesoscutum > width of mesoscutum); distance between depressions vs. diameter of depressions on internotaular area: greater than the diameter of one depression; dorsal region of petiole sculpture: foveate.The clade of Evaniscus  species share have been documented in this manuscript. Previous to this study, very few females of Evaniscus  had been observed, and it was thought that the ovipositor is short and completely hidden within the metasoma  .rphology . For exarvation) . In addiEvaniidae  are also sexually dimorphic (Evaniscus , females have a ventral sensillar patch on flagellomeres 6\u201312 or 8\u201312, whereas males do not, and many females also have flagellomeres that are distinctly wider than long, where male flagellomeres are as long as wide or longer than wide. In Evaniscus marginatus  and Evaniscus tibialis , for example, flagellomeres 1\u20138 are distinctly wider than long in the female, but not in the male. Evaniscus rufithorax  is likely unique among Evaniscus  species in that the antennal flagellomeres do not exhibit the flagellomere shape sexual dimorphism; however, a ventral sensillar patch on flagellomeres 6\u201312 is present in females but not in males. We cannot be certain this is the only species that exhibits this character state, as the male is not yet known for Evaniscus rafaeli  and females are still unknown for Evaniscus lansdownei  and Evaniscus sulcigenis .Many hymenopterans have sexually dimorphic antennae (imorphic . In EvanEvaniidae  specimens is the connection between the petiole and the first abdominal segment. This difference can be observed in a longitudinal section through the junction between the two sclerites in the petiole. In males, the foramen of the petiole receives the connection to the junction of the first abdominal tergite and sternite. The first abdominal tergite has a folding anterior edge along with the first abdominal sternite. These are generally divided into two sclerites: a lower tubular sclerite and another larger sclerite, which covers a large area of the first abdominal sternum (PageBreakPageBreakAnother difference between male and female  sternum . In the  sternum ."}
{"text": "There are several indications that malfunctions of the circadian clock contribute to depression. To search for particular circadian gene polymorphisms associated with depression, diverse polymorphisms were genotyped in two samples covering a range of depressed volunteers and participants with normal mood.Depression mood self-ratings and DNA were collected independently from a sample of patients presenting to a sleep disorders center (1086 of European origin) and from a separate sample consisting of 399 participants claiming delayed sleep phase symptoms and 406 partly-matched controls. A custom Illumina Golden Gate array of 768 selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was assayed in both samples, supplemented by additional SNPlex and Taqman assays, including assay of 41 ancestry-associated markers (AIMs) to control stratification.FMR1: rs25702 , rs25714 (P=1.83E-05), and rs28900 (P=5.24E-05). This FMR1 association was supported by 8 SNPs with nominal significance and a nominally-significant gene-wise set test. There was no association of depressed mood with FMR1 in the delayed sleep phase case\u2013control sample or in downloaded GWAS data from the GenRED 2 sample contrasting an early-onset recurrent depression sample with controls. No replication was located in other GWAS studies of depression. Our data did weakly replicate a previously-reported association of depression with PPARGC1B rs7732671 (P=0.0235). Suggestive associations not meeting strict criteria for multiple testing and replication were found with GSK3B, NPAS2, RORA, PER3, CRY1, MTNR1A and NR1D1. Notably, 16 SNPs nominally associated with depressed mood (14 in GSK3B) were also nominally associated with delayed sleep phase syndrome (P=3E10-6).In the Sleep Clinic sample, these assays yielded Bonferroni-significant association with depressed mood in three linked SNPs of the gene FMR1 SNPs might be linked to complex polymorphisms more functionally related to depression, large gene resequencing studies may be needed to clarify the import for depression of these circadian genes.Considering the inconsistencies between samples and the likelihood that the significant three  PER gene was shown to reside on the X chromosome in Drosophila, it was suggested that circadian period (tau) in humans might also be regulated by an X chromosome gene ; FMRP: The fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) protein; FXR2: Fragile X mental retardation, autosomal homolog 2 [HGNC:4024]; GAIN: Genetic association information network, denoting the GAIN major depression: stage 1 genome-wide association in population based samples study; GenRED: The NIMH genetics of recurrent early-onset depression project; GSK3B: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta [HGNC:4617]; GWAS: Genome-wide association study; HGNC: HUGO gene nomenclature committee at the European bioinformatics institute, http://www.genenames.org/; IRB: Institutional review board; MAOA: Monoamine oxidase A [HGNC:6833]; MDS: The NIMH molecular genetics of Schizophrenia project; MTNR1A: Melatonin receptor 1A [HGNC:7463]; NPAS2: Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 [HGNC:7895]; NR1D1: Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 [HGNC:7962]; NR1D2: Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 2 [HGNC:7963]; OPN4: Opsin 4 [HGNC:14449], previously melanopsin; OR: Odds ratio; PER: Period (Drosophila melanogaster) [GenBank:NC_004354]; PER3: Period circadian clock 3 [HGNC:8847]; PPARGC1B: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 beta [HGNC:30022]; QIDS-SR: Quick inventory of depressive symptomatology self report; RORA: RAR-related orphan receptor A [HGNC:10258]; RORC: RAR-related orphan receptor C [HGNC:10260]; RRE: RevErbA/ROR binding element; RXRA: Retinoid X receptor, alpha [HGNC:10477]; SNP: Single nucleotide polymorphism; TEF: Thyrotrophic embryonic factor [HGNC:11722]; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor [HGNC:11892]; UTR: Untranslated region.ARNTL: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like [HGNC:701]; ASMT: Acetylserotonin O-methyltransferase [HGNC:750]; CLOCK: Clock circadian regulator [HGNC:2082]; CRY1: Cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like) [HGNC:2384]; D-box: DBP/E4BP4 binding element; DBP: D site of albumin promoter  binding protein [HGNC:2697]; DSPS: Delayed sleep phase syndrome; ENCODE: Encyclopedia of DNA elements consortium data listed by UCSC genome bioinformatics; FMR1: Fragile X mental retardation 1 [HGNC:3775]; FMR1-AS1: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.DFK designed the Sleep Clinic and DSPS data collection, helped select polymorphisms for assay, performed most statistical analyses, and wrote the manuscript first draft. CMN contributed to the design of the studies, selected polymorphisms for Illumina and AIMs assays, assisted assay interpretation and quality control, and participated in statistical analyses. GJT planned the Illumina Golden Gate assay design, selected genes and polymorphisms of interest, and arranged assay of DSPS samples in the UCSF Core laboratories. SSM oversaw the Golden Gate assay of the Sleep Clinic Samples and Sequenom assays of AIMs, called the Illumina genotypes for all participants, and participated in quality control and statistical design. KMR participated in DSPS study design, recruited and interviewed most of the DSPS study participants, built the DSPS clinical data base, and supported IRB oversight. APG and EKH recruited and interviewed most of the Sleep Clinic participants, built the Sleep Clinic study data base, and participated in study administration and IRB compliance. H-JL performed TaqMan assays and compiled much of the seasonal depression data base. JRK contributed to DSPS study design, supervised DNA purification as well as SNPlex and Taqman assays done in his laboratory, and consulted on preliminary results. LEK organized clinical research participation of Sleep Clinic physicians, interviewed and diagnosed patients, and arranged Scripps Clinic academic funding and staff support. All authors critiqued and approved the final manuscript.Summary of Sleep Clinic, DSPS, and GenRED data sets. Worksheet 1, Meta-analyses and regressions: contains the main PLINK linear regression and meta-analysis outcomes for the polymorphisms analyzed. For the column key, see worksheet 1, cell B870. Worksheet 2, Sleep Clinic Set Test: shows the gene-wise PLINK set test results for the Sleep Clinic sample. Worksheet 3, DSPS Set Test: shows the gene-wise PLINK set test results for the DSPS study sample. Worksheet 4, Pleiotropy of Delayed Sleep Phase and Depression-Associated SNPs.Click here for fileAcknowledgement of GWAS sources. Lists the sources, authors, and acknowledgements for GenRED, MDS controls used with GenRED, and GAIN GWAS data sets.Click here for file"}
{"text": "Fran\u00e7ois Depault was not included in the author byline. He is listed as the third author and affiliated with Meakins-Christie Laboratories and Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.Trim16 to Alter Susceptibility to Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice. PLoS Genet 9(1): e1003203. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003203The corrected citation is Stefanov AN, Fox J, Depault F, Haston CK (2013) Positional Cloning Reveals Strain-Dependent Expression of The corrected author contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: CKH ANS. Performed the experiments: ANS JF. Analyzed the data: ANS FD CKH. Wrote the paper: CKH."}
{"text": "The CuII atom in the anion is coordinated by two bidentate oxalate ligands in a distorted square-planar geometry. Inter\u00admolecular hydrogen bonds, involving the NH groups as donors and O atoms as acceptors, are observed, which lead to the formation of a three-dimensional network structure.The asymmetric unit of the title salt, (C DOI: 10.1107/S1600536811025682/wm2502Isup2.hkl            Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report            Additional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "An initial is missing in the fifth author's name. The correct name is: Carlo MT Marobbio. The updated Author Contributions are: \"Conceived and designed the experiments: PD MA JT JHJ CMTM EB FP KG GG ELH TL. Performed the experiments: PD MA SFL RS JT JHJ CMTM EB GG. Analyzed the data: PD SB TN JT JHJ CMTM EB FP KG GG ELH TL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AM GF. Wrote the paper: PD ELH TL FP.\""}
{"text": "Mytilus are suspension feeders relatively tolerant to a wide range of environmental changes, used as sentinels in ecotoxicological investigations and marketed worldwide as seafood. Mortality events caused by infective agents and parasites apparently occur less in mussels than in other bivalves but the molecular basis of such evidence is unknown. The arrangement of Mytibase, interactive catalogue of 7,112 transcripts of M. galloprovincialis, offered us the opportunity to look for gene sequences relevant to the host defences, in particular the innate immunity related genes.Sessile bivalves of the genus M. galloprovincialis. Automatically assisted searches of protein signatures and manually cured sequence analysis confirmed the molecular diversity of recognition/effector molecules such as the antimicrobial peptides and many carbohydrate binding proteins. Molecular motifs identifying complement C1q, C-type lectins and fibrinogen-like transcripts emerged as the most abundant in the Mytibase collection whereas, conversely, sequence motifs denoting the regulatory cytokine MIF and cytokine-related transcripts represent singular and unexpected findings. Using a cross-search strategy, 1,820 putatively immune-related sequences were selected to design oligonucleotide probes and define a species-specific Immunochip (DNA microarray). The Immunochip performance was tested with hemolymph RNAs from mussels injected with Vibrio splendidus at 3 and 48 hours post-treatment. A total of 143 and 262 differentially expressed genes exemplify the early and late hemocyte response of the Vibrio-challenged mussels, respectively, with AMP trends confirmed by qPCR and clear modulation of interrelated signalling pathways.We have explored and described the Mytibase sequence clusters and singletons having a putative role in recognition, intracellular signalling, and neutralization of potential pathogens in Vibrio-activated mussel hemocytes. The microarray platform and related expression data can be regarded as a step forward in the study of the adaptive response of the Mytilus species to an evolving microbial world.The Mytibase collection is rich in gene transcripts modulated in response to antigenic stimuli and represents an interesting window for looking at the mussel immunome . On this basis, we have defined a new microarray platform, a mussel Immunochip, as a flexible tool for the experimental validation of immune-candidate sequences, and tested its performance on  DNA sequencing, genomic and post-genomic techniques have made available long lists of partially described sequences and impose the construction of databases essential for mining very large data sets ,2. WheneMytilicola and Urastoma, protozoans such as Bonamia, Haplosporidium Marteilia, Perkinsus spp., bacteria of the genus Nocardia and Vibrio, Herpes and enteric viruses. Microbial species take part in the biogeochemical cycles and some of them are expected to play a probiotic role in their typical hosts. The common rod-shaped Vibrios (> 60 Gram negative heterotrophic species) well exemplify associations ranging from mutualistic to pathogenic in aquatic animals  and the launch of a new InterProScan Sequence Search interface  domain, nucleotide-binding and Toll-Interleukin receptor domains, caspase recruitment and helicase domains , and rep studies ,112.A multiple search strategy guided the extraction of putative immune-related sequences from Mytibase, the mussel transcript database . We usedSelected immune sequence groups, mainly identified in Mytibase by textual search of Interpro domains  and/or BOne thousand and 820 oligonucleotide probes were designed with OligoArray 2.1  on the sIsochrisis galbana. Following careful shell notching, 0.1 ml of exponentially growing bacteria (107 Colony Forming Units of V. splendidus LGP32 in Trypsin-Casein-Soy medium) were injected into the posterior adductor muscle. One ml of hemolymph was withdrawn from individual mussels at 3 and 48 h post-injection and 10 hemolymph/group were pooled [Native mussels of commercial size (6.8 \u00b1 0.7 cm lenght) from one outlet of the Venice lagoon  were acclimatized for one week in sea water collected at flood tide  and fed with e pooled . Hemolym\u00ae ND-1000UV spectrophotometer and Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer . Equal amounts of 4 pooled hemolymph samples, representing 40 mussels injected with PBS-NaCl, were mixed to define one unique reference sample to be competitively hybridized on the Immunochip.Total RNA from pooled hemolymph of treated and control mussels was extracted and additionally purified with high molar LiCl. RNA concentration and quality were ascertained by using the NanoDropin vitro transcription reaction, then mono-functional NHS-esters of Cy3 or -Cy5 dyes  were resuspended in DMSO and covalently coupled to the aminoallyl-aRNA probes for 1 h at room temperature in the dark [Hemolymph mRNA was linearly amplified from total RNA with the Message-Amp\u2122 II aRNA Amplification kit (Ambion): 5--UTP modified nucleotides were incorporated into the aRNA during the the dark . Followi\u00ae (PerkinElmer). Normalisation of the fluorescence signals was performed by using the total and LOWESS (Logfit) algorithm with MIDAS  [versus control sample were identified by means of the Significance Analysis of Microarrays available from the Stanford University, CA  [Immunochip fluorescence signals were scanned using two lasers (633 nm and 543 nm) at 5 \u03bcm resolution with a GSI Lumonics LITE dual confocal laser scanner. Image processing and signal quantification were performed with the software ScanArray Expressas.html) . The logDR < 2%) ,125. SimDR < 2%) .http://mussel.cribi.unipd.it. The Mytilus galloprovincialis Immunochip (GPL10758) and related expression data  have been recorded at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo.The mussel knowledgebase is available following registration at AIF: Allograft Inflammatory Factor; AKT: RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; AMP: Anti Microbial Peptides; APAF1: Apoptotic Peptidase Activating Factor 1; ASC: Apoptosis-associated Speck-like protein containing a CARD; BCL2: Baculoviral apoptosis regulator 2; C1-5 Complement component; CALR: Calreticulin; CASP: Caspase; CD63/LIMP: Tetraspanin-7 (lysosome membrane protein); CLR: C-type Lectin Receptor; CLR: C-type Lectin Receptor; CRD: Carbohydrate Recognition Domain; DAMPs: damage-associated molecular patterns; EST: Expressed Sequence Tag; FADD: FAS (TNFRSF)-associated via death domain; FNBP1: Formin-Binding Protein 1; FREP: Fibrinogen-Related Protein; GO: Gene Ontology; GRP: Glucose-Regulated Protein; HSC70: Heat Shock Cognate 70; HSP: Heat Shock Protein; IAP: Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein; IAP: Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins; Ig: Immunoglobulin; IKB\u03b1: Inhibitor of nuclear factor Kappa-B kinase alpha; IKK: Inhibitor of nuclear factor Kappa-B Kinase complex; IL: InterLeukin; INX: Innexin; IPR: Identifiable PRotein feature based on the InterPro database; IRAK4: Interleukin Receptor-Associated Kinase 4; JAK: Janus kinase 1; KLHL: Kelch-like protein; LAMP: Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein; LBP: Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein; LDLR: Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor; LITAF: LPS-Induced TNF-Alpha Factor; LPS: LipoPolySaccharide; LRR: Leucine Rich Repeat; M6PR: Mannose 6 Phosphate Receptor; MACPF: Membrane Attack Complex/Perforin; MAPKs: Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; MASP: Mannan-binding lectin Serine Protease; MBL: Mannose Binding Lectin; MGCs: Mytibase consensuses or singletons ; MIF: Migration Inhibitory Factor; MNK: MAP kinase-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase; MR1: Mannose Receptor 1; MyD88: Myeloid Differentiation primary response gene 88; NALP: NATCH, LRR, and PYR containing proteins; NCBI: National Centre for Biotechnological Information; NFkB: Nuclear Factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells; NLR: NOD-Like Receptor; NOD: Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain; P13K: Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-Kinase; P2X7: ATP-gated ionotropic P2X purinoceptor subunit 7; PA28: Proteasome Activator subunit 28; PAC2: Proteasome Assembly Chaperone 2; PAMP: Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern; PGRP: Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein; PI31: Proteasome Inhibitor PI31 subunit; Pim: proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase Pim; ProPO: ProPhenolOxidase; PRR: Pathogen Recognition Receptors; RAB: Ras-related gtp-Binding protein; RIG: Retinoic acid-Inducible Gene-I; RIP: Receptor-Interacting serine-threonine kinase; RLR: RIG-Like Receptor; ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species; SEC22: vesicle transport protein SEC22; SOD: SuperOxide Dismutase; SP: serine proteases; SRCR: Scavenger Receptor Cysteine-Rich protein precursor; TAB: TAK-binding protein; TAK: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; TIMP3: Tissue Inhibitors of MetalloProteinase 3; TIR: Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor; TIRAP: Toll-Interleukin Receptor (TIR) domain containing Adaptor Protein; TLR: Toll-Like Receptor; TNF: Tumour Necrosis Factor; TNFR: Tumour Necrosis Factor Receptor; TOLLIP: TOLL-Interacting Protein; TRADD: TnfRsf-Associated via Death Domain; TRAF6: TNF receptor-associated factor 6; Ub: Ubiquitin; UBR5: Ubiquitin protein Ligase E3 (component n-recognin 5); UniProtKB: UniProt Knowledgebase; \u03b12: proteasome subunit alpha type-2; \u03b24, \u03b25: Proteasome subunit beta type-4,-5.http://microcribi.cribi.unipd.it). BC and CM prepared the Immunochip slides using custom-synthesized oligonucleotides. AP guided the Mytibase annotations, carried out specific sequence analysis and supported manuscript development. FR, AF and BN provided valuable inputs for Immunochip definition and text improvements . PV performed the mussel treatment, evaluated the Mytibase sequences for the Immunochip definition, drafted and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.LV and UR performed RNA purification and processing, microarray experiments and data analysis, LV also supported the overall interpretation. FB (former Mytibase curator) designed the oligonucleotides and performed the AMP analysis. GL assured the equipment and supervised the microarray work  are reported. Similarities resulting from InterproScan Analysis are reported in brackets Click here for fileV. splendidusDifferentially expressed genes in mussel hemocytes at 48 h post-injection of live . Probe ID, sequence information and ordered expression values  are reported. Similarities resulting from InterproScan Analysis are reported in brackets Click here for fileV. splendidusCommon differentially expressed genes in mussel hemocytes at 3 and 48 h post-injection of live . Probe ID, sequence information and ordered expression values . Similarities resulting from InterproScan Analysis are reported in brackets Click here for file"}
{"text": "Trypodendron retusum (LeConte). In Steve\u2019s words, \u201cThe attraction was immediate and permanent.\u201d His interest in natural history lead him to attend Utah State University where he received his B. S. degree in 1946 and M. S. degree in 1948, majoring in Entomology. His Masters thesis was a survey of the Scolytidae of Logan Canyon in Utah and their host plants (publication #1). He received his Ph.D. in 1953 from the University of Kansas with a dissertation on a taxonomic revision of the North American Cryphalini (publication #4). During his graduate studies Steve met and interacted with the leaders in the field of bark beetle systematics, which highlighted his burgeoning career  Thatcher, a specialist in scolytid systematics, who sent him into the woods to begin an insect collection for a class project. Steve dug his pocketknife into a pinhole in an aspen tree and eased out a small beetle, g career .Coleoptera Emeritus until ill health forced him to terminate his activities in 2008.After graduation, Steve joined the staff of the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Ontario, and remained there for three years until family considerations and the call of the Utah mountains inspired him to change employment. In 1956, he accepted the position of Assistant Professor in the Department of Zoology and Entomology at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah and remained there until his death. After retirement, Steve continued his association and his research at BYU at the Monte L. Bean Life Sciences Museum as Professor Emeritus and Curator of Coleoptera collection in the Life Science Museum until his retirement . Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University. 900 pp.109) Wood SL (2007) Bark and Ambrosia beetles of South America (Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 53: 259\u2013281.108) Wood SL (1993) Revision of the genera of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Part 2: Taxonomic Index, Volumes A & B. Memoirs of the Great Basin Naturalist 13. 1553 pp.107) Wood SL, Bright  DE (1992) A catalog of the of the Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 52: 78\u201388.106) Wood SL (1992) Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 52: 89\u201392.105) Wood SL (1992) Nomenclatural changes in Scolytidae (Coleoptera) de Costa Rica. Clave de la subfamilia Scolytinae, Tribu: Corthylini. Revista de Biologia Tropical 40: 247\u2013286.104) Wood SL, Stevens GC, Lezama HJ (1992) Los Scolytidae de Costa Rica: clave de g\u00e9neros y de la subfamilia Hylesinae (Coleoptera). Revista de Biologia Tropical 39: 125\u2013148.103) Wood SL, Stevens GC, Lezama HJ (1991) Los Scolytidae (Coleoptera) de Costa Rica II. Clave para la subfamilia Scolytinae, tribus: Scolytini, Ctenophorini, Micracini, Ipini, Dryocoetini, Xyleborini y Cryphalini. Revista de Biologia Tropical 39: 279\u2013306.102) Wood SL, Stevens GC, Lezama HJ (1991) Scolytidae (Coleoptera), Part IV. Great Basin Naturalist 49: 167\u2013185.101) Wood SL (1989) Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the International Congress of Entomology 18: 410.100) Wood SL (1988) Recent advances in knowledge of the distribution and classification of the Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Proceedings of the International Congress of Entomology 18: 40.99) Wood SL (1988) Systematic position of the Scolytidae (Coleoptera), Part III. Great Basin Naturalist 48: 188\u2013195.98) Wood SL (1988) Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 48: 31\u201338.97) Wood SL (1988) Nomenclatural changes and new species of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Mexico. Great Basin Naturalist 47: 547\u2013550.PageBreak96) Wood SL (1987) Six new Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Part 1. Bibliography. Memoirs of the Great Basin Naturalist 11. 685 pp.95) Wood SL, Bright DE (1987) A Catalog of the of the Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Memoirs of the Great Basin Naturalist 9. 126 pp.94) Wood SL (1986) A reclassification of the genera of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Asia. Great Basin Naturalist 46: 465\u2013467.93) Wood SL, Huang FS (1986) New genus of Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part XI. Great Basin Naturalist 46: 265\u2013273.92) Wood SL (1986) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Pseudoxylechinus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) from India. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 468.91) Wood SL (1986) New Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Asia. Great Basin Naturalist 46: 465\u2013467.90) Wood SL, Huang F (1986) New genus of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) in Asia. Great Basin Naturalist 46: 461\u2013464.89) Wood SL, Yin F (1986) Relict occurrence of three \u201cAmerican\u201d Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Naturalist 45: 266\u2013275.88) Wood SL (1985) New synonymy and new species of bark beetles (Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 44: 223\u2013230.87) Wood SL (1984) New generic synonymy and new genera of Hypocryphalus mangiferae  : proposed conservation under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 41: 189\u2013190.86) Wood SL (1984) 85) Wood SL (1984) Review of: J. B. Mitton and K. B. Sturgeon (Eds), Bark beetles of North American conifers. New York Entomological Society Journal 92: 93\u201394.Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part X. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 113\u2013119.84) Wood SL (1984) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part IX. Great Basin Naturalist 43: 647\u2013659.83) Wood SL (1983) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles . In: Jansen DH (Ed) Costa Rican NaturalHistory. University of Chicago Press, 758\u2013759.82) Wood SL (1983) Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Naturalist 42: 223\u2013231.81) Wood SL (1982) New species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), a taxonomic monograph. Memoirs of the Great Basin Naturalist 6. 1359 pp.80) Wood SL (1982) The bark and ambrosia beetles of North and Central America (P1atypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 41: 121\u2013128.79) Wood SL (1981) Nomenclatural changes and new species in Scolytidae de Mexico. In: Premer simposio nacional sobre parasitologia forestal, 18\u201319 de Febrero de 1980, Uruapan, Michoacan, Mexico. Memoria Sociedad Mexicana de Emtomologia, 13\u201357.78) Wood SL (1980) Los Coleoptera: Scolytidae), with two recently introduced species. Great Basin Naturalist 40: 353\u2013358.77) Wood SL (1980) New American bark beetles (Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 40: 89\u201397.76) Wood SL (1980) New genera and new generic synonymy in Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part VIII. Great Basin Naturalist 39: 133\u2013142.75) Wood SL (1979) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles  Wood SL (1979) A catalog of the Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part VII. Great Basin Naturalist 38: 397\u2013405.73) Wood SL (1978) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Annales of the Societe Entomologique de France 14: 95\u2013122.72) Wood SL (1978) A reclassification of the subfamilies and tribes of Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part VI. Great Basin Naturalist 37: 511\u2013522.71) Wood SL (1977) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part V. Great Basin Naturalist 37: 383\u2013394.70) Wood SL (1977) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part IV. Great Basin Naturalist 37: 207\u2013220.69) Wood SL (1977) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 37: 57\u201374.68) Wood SL (1977) Introduced and exported American Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part III. Great Basin Naturalist 35: 347\u2013355.67) Wood SL (1976) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles . Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 33: 4pp.66) Wood SL (1976) Reply to comments on the proposal to conserve Phloeotribus Latreille, 1804 . Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 32: 122\u2013123.65) Wood SL (1975) Proposed conservation under the plenary powers of the name Coleoptera: Scolytidae, Part II. Great Basin Naturalist 35: 391\u2013401.64) Wood SL (1975) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Naturalist 35: 21\u201332.63) Wood SL (1975) New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Naturalist 34: 277\u2013290.62) Wood SL (1974) New synonymy and records of American bark beetles . Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31: 232\u2013233.61) Wood SL (1974) Proposed conservation under the plenary powers of the name Xyleborus Eichhoff, 1864 . Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31: 230\u2013231.60) Wood SL (1974) Proposed conservation under the plenary powers of the name Phloeosinus Chapuis, 1869 . Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31: 236\u2013237.59) Wood SL (1974) Proposed conservation under the plenary powers of the name Liparthrum Wollaston, 1864 . Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31: 234\u2013235.PageBreak58) Wood SL (1974) Proposed conservation under the plenary powers of the name Phloeotribus Latreille, 1804 . Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 31: 122\u2013123.57) Wood SL (1974) Proposed conservation under the plenary powers of the name Corthylus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Naturalist 34: 181\u2013202.56) Wood SL (1974) New species of American Corthylini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Naturalist 34: 135\u2013150.55) Wood SL (1974) New species of American Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series 19. 67 pp.54) Wood SL (1974) New species of American bark beetles (Microcorthylus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Naturalist 33: 265\u2013275.53) Wood SL (1973) New species of American Scolytidae: Coleoptera). Part III. Great Basin Naturalist 33: 169\u2013188.52) Wood SL (1973) New synonymy in American bark beetles (Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 33: 77\u201390.51) Wood SL (1973) On the taxonomic status of Platypus parallelus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 27: 51\u201352.50) Wood SL (1973) A correction in the taxonomic identity of Platypodidae Coleoptera. Science 178: 1085\u20131086.49) Wood SL (1972) Review of K. E. Schedl, Monographie der familie Scolytini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Bulletin of Entomological Researeh 62: 243\u2013246.48) Wood SL (1972) Notes on the classification of the tribe Cryphalini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Naturalist 32: 40\u201354.47) Wood SL (1972) New synonymy in the bark beetle tribe Scolytidae: Coleoptera). Part II. Great Basin Naturalist 32: 190\u2013201.46) Wood SL (1972) New synonymy in American bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 31: 140\u2013152.45) Wood SL (1972) New synonymy in American bark beetles (Scolytidae (Ipidae). In: M. H. Hatch, The beetles of the Pacific Northwest, Part 5. University of Washington, Publications in Biology 16, 395\u2013428.44) Wood SL (1972) Family Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 31: 243\u2013253.43) Wood SL (1972) New records and species of American Scolytidae: Coleoptera) from western North America. Great Basin Naturalist 31: 69\u201376.42) Wood SL (1972) New species of bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera). Part V. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series 15(3). 54 pp.41) Wood SL (1971) New records and species of neotropical bark beetles (Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 29: 113\u2013128.40) Wood SL (1969) New synonymy and records of Cactopinus Schwarz (Scolytidae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 23: 42\u201351.39) Wood SL (1969) Additions to the horned bark beetle genus Scolytidae: Coleoptera). Part IV. Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, Biological Series 10(2). 46 pp.38) Wood SL (1969) New records and species of neotropical bark beetles (Cnesinus LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) of North and Central America. Great Basin Naturalist 28: 88\u2013110.37) Wood SL (1968) A key to the species of the genus Scolytidae: Coleoptera). Part III. Great Basin Naturalist 28: 1\u201315.36) Wood SL (1968) New records and species of neotropical bark beetles (PageBreakScolytidae: Coleoptera). Part II. Great Basin Naturalist. 27: 119\u2013141.35) Wood SL (1967) New records and species of neotropical bark beetles (Scolytidae: Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 27: 79\u201397.34) Wood SL (1967) New records and species of neotropical bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), mostly Mexican. Part VII. Great Basin Naturalist 27: 37\u201357.33) Wood SL (1967) New species of bark beetles : proposed designation of a type-species under the plenary powers. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 24: 121\u2013122.32) Wood SL (1967) Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 26: 45\u201370.31) Wood SL (1966) New records and species of neotropical Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 26: 17\u201333.30) Wood SL (1966) New synonymy in the Eupagiocerus Blandford (Scolytidae: Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 25: 31\u201335.29) Wood SL (1965) The genus Pityophthorus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Naturalist 24: 59\u201370.28) Wood SL (1964) New species of North American Dendroctonus Erichson (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Naturalist 23: 1\u2013117.27) Wood SL (1963) A revision of the bark beetle genus Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 22: 76\u201382.26) Wood SL (1962) Miscellaneous taxonomic notes on Coleoptera: Scolytidae) mostly Mexican, Part VI. Great Basin Naturalist 21: 87\u2013107.25) Wood SL (1961) New species of bark beetles  from the Philippine Islands. Great Basin Naturalist 21: 8\u20139.24) Wood SL (1961) A new Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Colombia. Great Basin Naturalist 21: 1\u20137.23) Wood SL (1961) New records and species of Myelophilus Eichhoff, 1878. (Insecta: Coleoptera). Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 18(5): 319\u2013321.22) Wood SL (1961) An alternate proposal to the suggested validation of Scolytidae. The Coleopterists Bulletin 15: 41\u201348.21) Wood SL (1961) A key to the North American genera of Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from western North America. Great Basin Naturalist 20: 59\u201369.20) Wood SL (1960) New records and species of Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae. Insects of Micronesia 18(1): 1\u201373.19) Wood SL (1960) Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Naturalist 19: 57\u201362.18) Wood SL (1959) New records and species of Arizona bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), mostly Mexican, Part V. Great Basin Naturalist 19: 1\u20137.17) Wood SL (1959) New species of bark beetles (Pityoborus Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Great Basin Naturalist 18: 46\u201356.PageBreak16) Wood SL (1958) Bark Beetles of the genus Platypodidae (Coleoptera). Great Basin Naturalist 18: 37\u201340.15) Wood SL (1958) Some virtually unknown North American Coleoptera: Scolytidae), mostly Mexican, Part IV. Great Basin Naturalist 17: 105\u2013110.14) Wood SL (1957) New species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Platypodidae). Great Basin Naturalist 17: 103\u2013104.13) Wood SL (1957) A new generic name for and some biological data on an unusual Central American beetle (Coleoptera: Platypodidae and Scolytidae. Bulletin Institut francis d\u2019Afrique Noire 19: 1272\u20131273.12) Wood SL (1957) Results from the Danish expedition to the French Cameroons 1949\u201350. XXIII. Scolytidae (Coleoptera). The Canadian Entomologist 89: 396\u2013403.11) Wood SL (1957) Distributional notes on and synonymies of some North American Xyloterini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America. The Canadian Entomologist 89: 337\u2013354.10) Wood SL (1957) Ambrosia beetles of the tribe Hylobius piceus (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Canadian Entomologist 89: 37\u201343.9) Wood SL (1957) The North American allies of Coleoptera: Scolytidae), mostly Mexican, Part III. The Canadian Entomologist 88: 247\u2013258.8) Wood SL (1956) New species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), mostly Mexican, Part II. The Canadian Entomologist 88: 231\u2013240.7) Wood SL (1956) New species of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), mostly Mexican, Part I. The Canadian Entomologist 88: 141\u2013154.6) Wood SL (1956) New species of bark beetles (Carphoborus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America. The Canadian Entomologist 86: 502\u20135265) Wood SL (1954) Bark beetles of the genus Cryphalini (Scolytidae: Coleoptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin 36: 959\u20131090.4) Wood SL (1954) A revision of North American Coleoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 45: 613\u2013617.3) Wood SL (1952) Observations of the homologies of the copulatory apparatus in male Scolytidae (Coleoptera) from Utah. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 24: 31\u201332.2) Wood SL (1951) Two new species and a new genus of Scolytidae of the Logan Canyon area of Utah and their host plants. Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters 26: 127\u2013128.1) Wood SL (1951) The"}
{"text": "AbstractPedionis (Pedionis) nankunshanensis Li, Dai & Li sp. n. and Pedionis (Pedionis) tabulatus Li, Dai & Li sp. n. from China are described and illustrated. A key is given to separate all species of this genus (except Pedionis (Pedionis) oeroe and Pedionis (Pedionis) thyia).Two new species  Pedionis belongs to the tribe Macropsini, subfamily Macropsinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and was established by Pediopsis garuda Distant, 1916 as its type species. Hamilton separated two subgenera Pedionis PageBreakand Thyia by anteapical cells and proposed six new combinations (one in subgenus Thyia) and described three new species. Later, 12 new species  are found in southern of China  and most Pedionis species are associated with shrubs and trees.Species of Pedionis (Pedionis) oeroe and Pedionis (Pedionis) thyia). The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC).In this paper, two new Chinese species of the genus from Guizhou and Guangdong Province are described and illustrated. 23 species of the genus and a key to species from the world is provided  Pediopsis garuda Distant, 1916: 239. Following Oriental region, Palaearctic region, Northern Australia.SubgenusHamiltonPedionis (Thyia) Macropsis thyia Kirkaldy, 1907: 36. Following Northern Australia.PageBreakNotes: Thespecies Pedionis (Pedionis) oeroe should belong to the subgenus Pedionis by tegmina with only 2 subapical cells and veins dark fuscous multiannulate with whitish according to the original description, but no male genitalia manuscript (Pedionis (Pedionis) thyia is distinguished from others by amount of anteapical cells , therefore, the key don\u2019t encompass these two species.nuscript , the speLi, Dai & Li sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F6618549-C9A5-4430-8458-43FC0B39DDB0http://species-id.net/wiki/Pedionis_(Pedionis)_nankunshanensisBody yellowish-brown . The verPageBreakmargin to dorsad, and mesal-ventral apical margin minutely serrated : \u2642, China: Guangdong Prov., Nankunshan, 24 August 2010, collected by Hu Li (GUGC). Paratypes: 1\u26421\u2640, same data as holotype; 2\u2640\u2640, Guangdong Prov., Nankunshan, 22 August 2010, collected by Junqiang Ni (GUGC).PageBreakHolotype Pedionis (Pedionis) yunnana Zhang & Viraktamath, 2010 but can be distinguished from the latter by having the apical processes on aedeagal shaft serrated; the subapical processes reflexed ventral aspect view, apex digitations.This species is similar to The new species name refers to the type locality.Li, Dai & Li sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F3EBE21A-C693-4E00-94EA-B5FBE7706B78http://species-id.net/wiki/Pedionis_(Pedionis)_tabulatusPedionis (Pedionis) lii Zhang & Viraktamath, 2010 but more dark and pronotum slightly concave, with a white belt on posterior margin (Body coloration and appearance similar to r margin .Pedionis (Pedionis) nankunshanensis sp. n. but differs by mesal-dorsal serration.Pygofer broad, obliquely truncate, the apex obtuse in lateral view, produced regularly spike-spines and setae on the ventral margin . SubgeniUnknown.\u2642, 5.2mm.Length (including tegmen): \u2642, China: Guizhou Prov., Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve, Baishaogou, 7 June 2010, collected by Hu Li (GUGC).Holotype Pedionis (Pedionis) yunnana Zhang & Viraktamath, 2010 but differs markedly from the latter in having the apical processes on aedeagal shaft occurred in dorsal margin; the subapical processes broad, lamella-like; the pygofer with regularly spike-spines and setae on the ventral margin.This species is similar to tabulatus\u201d, indicating the subapical processes of adeagal shaft are lamella-like.Th e species name is derived from the Latin words \u201c"}
{"text": "Prunus salicina and not Prunus domestica. The correct title is: Carbohydrate-Free Peach (Prunus persica) and Plum  Juice Affects Fecal Microbial Ecology in an Obese Animal Model.The species name for the plum used in this study and listed in the title should be Prunus persica) and Plum  Juice Affects Fecal Microbial Ecology in an Obese Animal Model. PLoS ONE 9(7): e101723. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0101723The correct citation is: Noratto GD, Garcia-Mazcorro JF, Markel M, Martino HS, Minamoto Y, et al. (2014) Carbohydrate-Free Peach ("}
{"text": "About one-third of people with major depressive disorder (MDD) fail at least two antidepressant drug trials at 1\u00a0year. Together with clinical and experimental evidence indicating that the pathophysiology of MDD is multifactorial, this observation underscores the importance of elucidating mechanisms beyond monoaminergic dysregulation that can contribute to the genesis and persistence of MDD. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are mechanistically linked to the presence of neurovascular dysfunction with blood-brain barrier (BBB) hyperpermeability in selected neurological disorders, such as stroke, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. In contrast to other major psychiatric disorders, MDD is frequently comorbid with such neurological disorders and constitutes an independent risk factor for morbidity and mortality in disorders characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction (cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus). Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are implicated in the neurobiology of MDD. More recent evidence links neurovascular dysfunction with BBB hyperpermeability to MDD without neurological comorbidity. We review this emerging literature and present a theoretical integration between these abnormalities to those involving oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in MDD. We discuss our hypothesis that alterations in endothelial nitric oxide levels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling are central mechanistic links in this regard. Understanding the contribution of neurovascular dysfunction with BBB hyperpermeability to the pathophysiology of MDD may help to identify novel therapeutic and preventative approaches. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the second leading global cause of years lived with disability , with ab2-), and (e) increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (a marker for oxidative damage to DNA) ,,208], thUnder oxidative conditions, BBB endothelial cells are not only the source of harmful eNOS uncoupling, but also can be the target of oxidative damage . In neurNeuroinflammation may impair neurovascular function and increase BBB permeability in MDD ,168 Fig. Reducedin vitro studies of various neurological conditions showed that MAP and proinflammatory cytokines could increase BBB permeability [in vitro [in vitro to disrupt BBB endothelial tight junction proteins and increase BBB opening [in vitro data showed that proinflammatory cytokines ) can cause a dose-dependent increase in BBB permeability by inducing expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) on the luminal surface of BBB endothelial cells in animals [In vitro animal studies showed that TNF\u03b1 could reduce mitochondrial density and impair mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, leading to increased ROS synthesis [In vitro data mechanistically link mitochondrial abnormalities to oxidative injury-related vascular abnormalities [Microglia provide immune surveillance and regulate developmental synaptic pruning of the brain . Althougeability ,184,241 eability . MAP caneability ,26,27, ieability , and proin vitro ,53. MAP in vitro ,39,168,  opening . Highly  animals -249 and  animals ,251. One animals . Another animals . Thus, i animals ,252   Table\u00a011. LPS-inynthesis ,168,184.ynthesis . In vitreability .d-serine release; and (c) upregulation of MAP expression of Xc antiporter system, which increases microglial glutamate release [N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) subunit expression in the brains of MDD subjects compared with those of non-depressed controls show (a) an increase or no change of NR1 subunit expression in the hippocampus [2+ level-dependent oxidative stress and BBB permeability via increasing Ca2+ influx and release from endoplasmic reticulum stores, respectively [-[2+ rise [Glutamatergic hyperfunction may contribute to neurovascular dysfunction in MDD Figure\u00a0. Numerou release . Postmorpocampus -109, (b)pocampus ,108, (c)pocampus ,111, (d)pocampus , and (e)pocampus . Bindingectively ,159,256.tively [-,40,256 , AQP4 (astroglia), CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) (microglia), dextran-conjugated dyes, alpha SMA-RFPcherry (pericytes), dextran dyes, Tie2 (vasculature) and Thy1 (neurons) [Human and animal studies are needed to evaluate the validity of the BBB dysfunction hypothesis and to explore the mechanistic links between oxidative stress, eNOS uncoupling, and neuroinflammation and neurovascular unit dysfunction with BBB hyperpermeability in MDD. Future postmortem studies investigating the relationship between neurovascular unit dysfunction with BBB hyperpermeability and MDD should focus primarily on the neuroanatomical regions where astroglial loss and MAP have been documented in MDD brains such as anterior mid/cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and white matter . Developfunction : sulforhneurons) . A promineurons) -260. We neurons)  should aneurons)  and cereneurons) ), as welNeurovascular dysfunction with BBB hyperpermeability may occur in MDD. Cumulative clinical and experimental evidence implicates oxidative stress, eNOS uncoupling, and reduced endothelial NO levels in the pathophysiology of peripheral vascular endothelial dysfunction associated with MDD. Our theoretical integration of the human and animal data links oxidative stress, eNOS uncoupling, low endothelial NO levels, and neuroinflammation to putative neurovascular and BBB abnormalities in MDD. If future studies confirm their relevance to the pathophysiology of MDD, novel agents correcting these abnormalities may prove to be effective treatment strategies.N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; NO: Nitric oxide; ONOO-: Peroxynitrite; O2-: Superoxide; PET: Positron emission tomography; PLA2: Phospholipase A2; RNS: Reactive nitrogen species; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; RUR: Relative uptake ratio; SOD-1: Superoxide dismutase 1; SPECT: Single photon emission computed tomography; SSRI: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; Th: T helper; TNF\u03b1: Tumor necrosis factor \u03b1; TReg: CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ T regulatory; VCAM-1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.AQP4: Aquaporin 4; BH2: Dihydrobiopterin; BH4: Tetrahydrobiopterin; CBF: Cerebral blood flow; COX2: Cyclooxygenase 2; CRH: Corticotropin-releasing hormone; CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; CT: Computed tomography; EEG: Electroencephalogram; eNOS: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase; EAAT: Excitatory amino acid transporter; Fc: Immunoglobulin constant region; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide; HO-: Hydroxyl radical; ICAM-1: Intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IL: Interleukin; iNOS: Inducible nitric oxide synthase; MAP: Microglial activation and proliferation; MDD: Major depressive disorder; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging; mGluR: Metabotropic glutamate receptor; MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases; NAD(P)H: Nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate; Na+/K+ ATPase: Sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphates; NF\u03baB: Nuclear factor \u03baB; NMDAR: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.SN, DMP conceived and designed the research; SN, DMP wrote the manuscript; SN, DMP, AN, OD, DZ, revised the manuscript for important content; SN, DMP, AN, OD, DZ, performed literature searches and gathered data for the review; all authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript for submission."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1182710.1038/srep11827; published online: 07142015; updated: 09182015In this Article, Manos Perros and Ruben Tommasi are incorrectly listed as being affiliated with \u2018Shire Pharmaceuticals, 300 Shire Way, Lexington, MA 02421.\u2019 The correct affiliation is listed below:Entasis Therapeutics, 35 Gatehouse Drive Suite E0, Waltham, MA 02415 USAIn addition, Renu Singh is incorrectly listed as being affiliated with \u2018Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery and Development Center, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.\u2019 The correct affiliation is listed below:AstraZeneca R&D Boston, Infection iMed, 35 Gatehouse Dr. Waltham, MA 02415 USA"}
{"text": "Biological therapy has dramatically improved the treatment of patients with JIA. However, there is still a group of patients that shows a lack of clinical response to this treatment. The use of robust predictive markers of response to identify individuals who are likely to respond to etanercept may provide guidance in optimizing treatment strategies.To test the ability of MRP8/14 serum levels to differentiate between responders and non-responders to etanercept before start of treatment, and to correlate longitudinal follow-up of these markers with response to treatment.Samples were collected from 71 JIA patients (43 polyarthritis (12 RF positive), 18 extendend oligoarthritis, 3 persistent oligoarthritis, 1 enthesitis related arthritis, 6 psoriatic arthritis) included in the Dutch Arthritis and Biologics in Children (ABC) Register treated with etanercept. The patients were categorized into responders (acrpedi\u226550) (n = 55) and non-responders (acrpedi\u226450) (n = 16) according to the acrpedi response criteria and Wallace criteria of disease activity. Serum concentrations of MRP8/14 complexes were measured by ELISA at start of etanercept and in 34 patients also after start of treatment. Non-parametric tests were used to analyse the data.Before initiation of etanercept treatment, responders showed significantly higher levels of MRP8/14 serum complexes compared to non-responders (p < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed no association between MRP8/14 and JIA disease activity (JADAS10) at baseline. In non-responders levels did not significantly change after initiation of treatment whereas levels decreased in responders (p < 0.001).High levels of baseline serum MRP8/14 have prognostic value in predicting a subgroup of JIA patients who will respond well to etanercept treatment. Decrease of MRP8/14 after initiation of treatment is associated with response to treatment.J. Anink: None declared., M. Otten Grant/Research Support from: Abbott, Novartis, Roche, Pfizer, Consultant for: Roche, L. Van Suijlekom-Smit Grant/Research Support from: Dutch Board of Health Insurances, Dutch Arthritis Association, Pfizer, Abbott, Consultant for: Roche, Novartis, M. Van Rossum: None declared., K. Dolman: None declared., E. Hoppenreijs: None declared., R. Ten Cate Grant/Research Support from: Pfizer, Consultant for: Pfizer, T. Vogl: None declared., D. Foell: None declared., J. Roth: None declared., D. Holzinger Grant/Research Support from: Pfizer."}
{"text": "AbstractCentrodora is a relatively common and widespread genus of morphologically diverse species, and is the most polyphagous genus known within the Aphelinidae, attacking eggs of insects in addition to pupae of Diptera and Hymenoptera, and nymphs of Hemiptera  is redescribed and diagnosed from recently collected specimens reared from the eucalyptus weevil Gonipterussp. nearscutellatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Tasmania, Australia. A lectotype is designated from a syntype specimen. Centrodora Foerster is a relatively common and widespread genus of morphologically diverse species, and is the most polyphagous genus known within the Aphelinidae, attacking eggs of insects in addition to pupae of Diptera and Hymenoptera, and nymphs of Hemiptera  the parasitoid emerged from an assortment of egg capsules, see Fig. In 2012, field sampling was undertaken on 11 sampling sites in Tasmania, Australia, by the second author (CV). At two of the collection localities, Tunbridge and New Norfolk, Gonipterus sp. egg capsules, emerging 54-56 days after parasitism, at 15\u02daC. The Centrodora parasitoids were preserved in 70% ethanol before identification by the fourth author (AP).Specimens were reared from freshly laid Specimens preserved in ethanol were extracted for genomic DNA using a \u201cnon-destructive\u201d extraction technique . SeveralFollowing DNA extraction, specimens were dissected and slide-mounted in Canada balsam following the standard protocol described by Morphological terminology and the format for species descriptions follow The following institutions provided specimens and/or are depositories for material examined:BMNH: Natural History Museum, London, UK.QM: Queensland Museum, Australia.RAIZ: Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o da Floresta e Papel, Eixo-Aveiro, Portugal.AphelinusdamoniCentrodoradamoni (Girault) Type status:Lectotype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: Aphelinusdamoni Gir. \u2640; 3771. ; occurrenceRemarks: On a slide with \"Coccidoxenus syrphi\" (QM). Slide 1 of Dahms (1983).; recordedBy: Girault A.A.; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adultType status:Paralectotype. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: Aphelinusdamoni Gir. \u2640 (QM). ; occurrenceRemarks: Slide 4 of Dahms (1983).; recordedBy: Girault A.A.; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adultType status:Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: Gonipterus: Aphelinusdamoni Girault [8 \u2640\u2640] (QM).[AUSTRALIA:] FCT Canberra; ova ; occurrenceRemarks: Slide 2 of Dahms (1983).; recordedBy: Girault A.A.; individualCount: 8; sex: female; lifeStage: adultType status:Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: Gonipterus: Aphelinusdamoni Girault [5\u26403\u2642] (QM).[AUSTRALIA:] FCT Canberra; ova ; occurrenceRemarks: Slide 3 of Dahms (1983).; recordedBy: Girault A.A.; individualCount: 8; sex: 5 female, 3 male; lifeStage: adultType status:Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceDetails: Gonipterus sp.; C. Valente; DNA1020, 1021 (BMNH/QM); 2\u2642 AUSTRALIA: Tasmania, multiple sites on Gonipterus sp.; 2012/13; C. Valente; A2, A5 (BMNH/QM).2\u2640 AUSTRALIA: Tasmania, Nunamara on ; recordedBy: Valente C.; individualCount: 4; sex: 2 female, 2 male; lifeStage: adultFigs , 11, 12Female. Body length: 1.00 mm . Based on the type locality of C.damoni (Queensland), the host species is likely to be one of the new species mentioned in Centrodoradamoni can be distinguished from the other 11 Australian species in the genus by the following combination of characters: Two broad longitudinal stripes on mesoscutum, extending to scutellum; ovipositor less than half total body length (excluding head); apex of antennal clava broadly rounded; fore wing with linea calva present.Australia: ACT, Queensland, Tasmania (probably widespread)."}
{"text": "Erratum: Burden of disease variants in participants of the long life family studyMeredith Stevenson, Harold Bae, Nicole Schupf, Stacy Andersen, Qunyuan Zhang, Thomas Perls, and Paola Sebastiani123-132.Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 7(2):PMCID: PMC 4359694 PMID: 25664523Funding section is not accurate. The correct information on Grant is provided below:Information of"}
{"text": "The assessment of right ventricular function is of great importance in the management of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). Our aim is to compare the value of cardiac MRI (CMRI), ultrasonic cardiogram (CUS), multidetector CT (MDCT) in assessing right ventricular function, and to evaluate the correlation between parameters derived by MRI, CUS, MDCT and the indicators of right ventricular function derived by right heart catheterization (RHC) in patients with PH.Thirty one consecutive patients with PH  were prospectively enrolled.All patients underwent RCH to get hemodynamic parameters .Then, calculations including pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRI), right cardiac work index (RCWI), right ventricular stroke work index (RVSWI) were performed. All patients underwent CMRI to get parameters including right ventricular end-systolic volume (ESV), end-diastolic dimension (EDV), stroke volume (SV), ejection fraction (EF), the cardiac muscle mass (CMS). 28 patients underwent CUS to get these parameters including right ventricular Tei index, right ventricular fractional area change (RV FAC), RV-ESV, RV-EDV. And 25 patients underwent MDCT to get these parameters including right /left ventricular internal diameter (RVd/LVd), right /left ventricular diastole maximum area (RVa/LVa), cobb angle, right ventricular free wall thickness (RVWT). All examinations were executed within 7days. These parameters obtained by MRI, CUS and MDCT were correlated with those of RCH respectively by Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis.r=0.528, P=0.002), RVWT ; PVRI had strong correlation with MRI-EF, MRI-VMI, CT-RVd, RVd/LVd , CT-Cobb angle, RVWT. Table r=0.557, P=0.001), CT-RVd, CT-Cobb angle.Most parameters of RV function derived by CMRI, CUS, MDCT correlated moderately with mPAP, PVRI. mPAP had strong correlation with MRI-ventricular mass index (VMI)."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Anteneh Asefa. The correct citation is: Teshome W, Asefa A (2014) Predictors of Immunological Failure of Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV Infected Patients in Ethiopia: A Matched Case-Control Study. PLoS ONE 9(12): e115125. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Martins CA, Roque FO, Santos BA, Ferreira VL, Str\u00fcssmann C, Tomas WM (2015) What Shapes the Phylogenetic Structure of Anuran Communities in a Seasonal Environment? The Influence of Determinism at Regional Scale to Stochasticity or Antagonistic Forces at Local Scale. PLoS ONE 10(6): e0130075. doi:"}
{"text": "When first line therapy with metformin is insufficient for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), the optimal adjunctive therapy is unclear. We assessed the efficacy and safety of adjunctive antidiabetic agents in patients with inadequately controlled T2D on metformin alone.clinicaltrials.gov, regulatory websites was performed. We included randomized controlled trials of 3\u201312 months duration, evaluating Food and Drug Administration or European Union approved agents  in patients experiencing inadequate glycemic control with metformin monotherapy . Random-effects network meta-analyses were used to compare the weighted mean difference for changes from baseline in HbA1c, body weight (BW) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), and the risk of developing hypoglycemia, urinary (UTI) and genital tract infection (GTI).A search of MEDLINE and CENTRAL, Sixty-two trials evaluating 25 agents were included. All agents significantly reduced HbA1c vs. placebo; albeit not to the same extent . Glargine, sulfonylureas (SUs) and nateglinide were associated with increased hypoglycemia risk vs. placebo . Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs, miglitol and empagliflozin/linagliptin significantly reduced BW  whereas SUs, thiazolindinediones, glargine and alogliptin/pioglitazone caused weight gain . SGLT2 inhibitors, empagliflozin/linagliptin, liraglutide and sitagliptin decreased SBP . No therapy increased UTI risk vs. placebo; however, SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with an increased risk of GTI .Adding different AHAs to metformin was associated with varying effects on HbA1c, BW, SBP, hypoglycemia, UTI and GTI which should impact clinician choice when selecting adjunctive therapy. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) and European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) recommend lifestyle modifications and metformin as first-line therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) . HoweverTraditional pair-wise meta-analysis can be used to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two drugs based on evidence from RCTs that directly compare them. However, in absence of such direct head-to-head comparisons, network meta-analysis (NMA) provides a statistical framework that incorporates evidence from both direct and indirect comparisons from a network of studies of different therapies and evaluates their relative treatment effects \u20134.We performed a NMA to assess the comparative efficacy and safety of adjunctive antidiabetic medication therapies in patients with Type 2 DM not adequately controlled on stable and optimized metformin monotherapy.www.clinicaltrials.gov, regulatory agency reports and by contacting investigators for clarification or additional data. Two investigators reviewed all potentially relevant citations independently .We performed a systematic literature search for all relevant articles from the earliest date through May 2014 in MEDLINE and Cochrane CENTRAL. The search strategy combined the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) and keywords for \u201cmetformin\u201d with terms for Type 2 DM and for glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Our MEDLINE search strategy is included in To be included, studies had to: (1) be published in English; (2) utilize a parallel RCT design (any phase) in adults (\u226518 years) with Type 2 DM; (3) compare Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or European Union (EU)-approved antidiabetic drug therapy including non-insulin and long-acting, once-daily basal insulin agents (as a single or combination adjunctive therapy) to another antidiabetic therapy or placebo (in addition to metformin); 4) include only patients who showed inadequate response to stable, optimized metformin monotherapy at randomization; (5) treat patients for 12 to 52 glycemic weeks after randomization; and (6) report change in HbA1c from baseline (our primary endpoint). As in previous NMAs [ include Validity assessment was performed by 2 investigators  independently using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool . This chTwo investigators  used a standardized tool to independently extract all data with disagreements resolved by discussion or a third investigator (CIC). The following information was sought from each trial: (1) author identification; 2) year of publication; (3) study design and methodological quality information needed to complete the Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias  year of ; (4) sam2 statistic with a value >50% representing important statistical heterogeneity) and publication bias (using the Egger\u2019s weighted regression statistic with a P <0.05 suggesting a higher likelihood of publication bias) were assessed.We performed traditional meta-analyses analyzing changes in HbA1c, BW and SBP as continuous variables using StatsDirect version 2.7.8  with a P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Separate pair-wise analyses were performed for each antidiabetic therapy, combining data from approved doses of the same therapies using the method recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration [We then performed NMA, a generalization of traditional pairwise meta-analysis that compares all pairs of treatments within a set of treatments for the same disease state (in this case Type 2 DM) . Along wThe literature search yielded 1,005 citations, and we identified 17 additional RCTs through other sources . After rCharacteristics of the included trials are described in The SGLT2 inhibitors had similar effects on reducing HbA1c when compared to placebo in the NMA, ranging from 0.48% for dapagliflozin to 0.72% for canagliflozin . When coBoth combination agents were associated with significant reductions in HbA1c when compared to placebo in the NMA . When comparing the combination medications to the other active single agents, alogliptin/pioglitazone significantly reduced HbA1c when compared to all other therapies except for insulin glargine, glibenclamide and repaglinide; whereas empagliflozin/linagliptin was more efficacious when compared to all other active single agents except for insulin glargine, glibenclamide, repaglinide and acarbose.In terms of clinical superiority (lower bound of the 95%CI depicted an HbA1c reduction greater than 0.3%) alogliptin/pioglitazone and empagliflozin/linagliptin were clinically superior to 52% and 24% of the other antidiabetic medications analyzed, respectively. Alogliptin/pioglitazone was clinically superior to all DPP-4 inhibitors, colesevelam, dapagliflozin, glipizide, lixisenatide, miglitol, nataglinide, empagliflozin and pioglitazone. Empagliflozin/linagliptin was clinically superior to canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, glipizide, miglitol, nateglinide and saxagliptin.All antidiabetic agents were associated with statistically significant reductions in HbA1c relative to placebo, ranging from 0.43% for miglitol to 1.29% for glibenclamide . When coAlong with statistical significance, all therapies were found clinically superior to placebo (lower bound of the 95%CI depicted an HbA1c reduction greater than 0.3%) except for colesevelam, nateglinide and miglitol . In head-to-head comparisons, and insulin glargine was clinically superior to 40% of the other antidiabetic medications analyzed. Insulin glargine was found to be clinically superior to all DPP-4 inhibitors, colesevelam, dapagliflozin, glipizide, lixisenatide, miglitol, and nataglinide.All SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with significant weight loss when compared to placebo in the NMA (range: 2.08\u20132.17 kg) . When coAlogliptin/pioglitazone was associated with significant increases in BW when compared with placebo in the NMA  whereas empagliflozin/linagliptin was associated with significant weight loss . When compared to other single active agents, empagliflozin/linagliptin was associated with significant weight loss compared to all other agents except SGLT-2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 analogs. Alogliptin/pioglitazone caused significant increases in BW compared to all other active agents except SUs, repaglinide and TZDs. In terms of clinically superior weight gain, (lower bound of the 95%CI depicted a decrease in weight less than 2.3 kg), alogliptin/pioglitazone was associated with clinically superior weight gain compared to SGLT2 inhibitors, empagliflozin/linagliptin, GLP-1 analogs, and miglitol (range: 3.54\u20134.65 kg).The SUs, TZDs, insulin glargine and repaglinide were associated with significant increases in BW when compared with placebo in the NMA (range: 1.19\u20132.44 kg). GLP-1 analogs and miglitol were associated with significant weight loss (range: 1.15\u20132.26 kg) but there was no weight change with acarbose, any DPP-4 inhibitor, colesevelam and nateglinide when compared to placebo. When comparing active agents, GLP-1 analogs were associated with statistically greater weight loss when compared to all other agents except SGLT2 inhibitors and miglitol. While several agents exhibited statistically significant weight loss, no agent demonstrated clinically superior weight loss compared to placebo (lower bound of the 95%CI depicted a decrease in weight less than 2.3 kg). When comparing the clinical superiority of single active agents, TZDs were associated with clinically superior weight gain when compared to GLP-1 analogs (range: 3.22\u20134.41 kg).All SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with a decrease in SBP compared with placebo in the NMA  (range: 4.4\u20135.64 mmHg), and saxagliptin and sitagliptin (range: 2.26\u20135.79 mmHg) . No SGLTEmpagliflozin/linagliptin was associated with a decrease in SBP when compared with placebo in the NMA . In head-to-head comparisons, empagliflozin/linagliptin significantly reduced SBP when compared to SUs, linagliptin, saxagliptin and sitagliptin; however it did not show clinical superiority compared to any other active agents. There were no data to evaluate alogliptin/pioglitazone for this endpoint.Liraglutide  and sitagliptin  were associated with a decrease in SBP compared with placebo. No medication showed clinical superiority (lower bound of the 95%CIs depicted a decrease in SBP less than 5 mmHg) compared to placebo or another active agent; however, there were no data to evaluate 12 (48%) of the agents for this endpoint.Upon NMA, the SGLT2 inhibitors were not associated with an increased risk of confirmed hypoglycemia compared with placebo . In the Empagliflozin/linagliptin was not associated with increased risk of hypoglycemia compared with placebo in the NMA . In the active drug comparisons, insulin glargine, nateglinide, both meglitinides and all SUs were associated with significantly higher rates of confirmed hypoglycemia compared to empagliflozin/linagliptin . There were no data to evaluate alogliptin/pioglitazone for this endpoint.Insulin glargine, all SUs, and nateglinide were associated with significantly higher rates of confirmed hypoglycemia compared with placebo upon NMA  . All GLPNo treatment was associated with an increased risk of UTI when compared to placebo; however, there were no data to evaluate 13 (52%) of the agents for this endpoint . NMA sugResults from all pair-wise traditional meta-analyses for each of the six endpoints are reported in Results from the sensitivity analysis are reported in When HbA1c goals are not met or maintained with lifestyle modifications and metformin monotherapy, the ADA/EASD guidelines recommend patients initiate an additional antidiabetic agent from 1 of 5 classes  but do not endorse specific agents in the overall Type 2 DM population or specific patient subtypes [Our HbA1c results showed both statistical differences and clinical superiority between antidiabetic therapies. All therapies significantly reduced HbA1c, but to differing degrees when compared to placebo. Combination therapies  and insulin glargine were statistically and clinically superior in reducing HbA1c compared to a majority of other antidiabetic agents. As a class, the SGLT2 inhibitors were similar in efficacy to other non-insulin monotherapies recommended by the ADA as add-ons to metformin, which warrants an update to clinical practice guidelines to include them as a treatment option. Since the FDA uses a 0.3\u20130.4% noninferiority margin to assess clinical comparative efficacy, colesevelam, nateglinide and miglitol were not clinically superior to placebo  making them less attractive as adjunctive therapies .A therapy\u2019s efficacy, or ability to lower HbA1c, must be weighed against a therapy\u2019s propensity to cause hypoglycemia. In fact, guidelines emphasize the importance of preventing even mild hypoglycemia . InsulinThe majority of patients with Type 2 DM are overweight which may have notable impacts on insulin resistance, glycemic control and cardiovascular risk . SUs, ina priori definition of clinical superiority ; however, incoherence cannot be completely ruled out. The eight statistically significant findings resulting from 151 statistical tests are consistent with 7\u20138 findings that would be expected due to chance alone. We only included English-language RCTs, but due to the vast number of trials included in our meta-analysis, a limited number of trials missed for this reason would likely have minimal impact on our results. We found sparse reporting of certain endpoints (UTI and GTI) which makes it difficult to draw concrete conclusions . At the same time, our NMA cross- compared 25 therapies plus placebo on 6 different endpoints; thus multiple hypothesis testing can lead to erred conclusions of statistical differences between therapies when they do not truly exist (type 1 error). However, we conducted a sensitivity analysis using 99% CIs as a more stringent cutoff for statistical significance and found the majority of comparisons to still be statistically significant. Other agent-specific endpoints  could not be assessed due to the limited data and short follow-up periods of the included trials. Lastly, publication bias is always a concern in a meta-analysis, but we minimized this concern with our systematic search strategy, backwards citation tracking and multi-pronged grey literature searches.In persons with Type 2 DM inadequately-controlled on stable metformin monotherapy, all agents analyzed in our NMA proved effective (lowered HbA1c vs. placebo) but with differing reductions in HbA1c. Evaluated agents differed in their effects on BW, SBP, hypoglycemia and GTI; however no medication increased the risk of UTI when compared to placebo. The newest class of antidiabetic agents, the SGLT2 inhibitors, was found to provide similar HbA1c efficacy to other non-insulin monotherapies  with the added benefits of weight loss, reduced SBP and a low risk of hypoglycemia; but at a cost of an increased risk of GTI. Combination therapies resulted in some of the largest reductions in HbA1c and may be appropriate for patients requiring profound (>1%) HbA1c reductions after failing optimized metformin.S1 Checklist(DOC)Click here for additional data file.S1 Appendix(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S2 AppendixGTI = genital tract infection; HbA1c = glycated hemoglobin; IVRS = interactive voice response system; SGLT2 = sodium glucose co-transporter-2; SU = sulfonylurea; TZD = thiazolidinedione; UTI = urinary tract infection.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S1 FigIn this figure (x) is defined as the minimally important clinical difference between two treatments (or a treatment and placebo). Using the example of HbA1c reduction, line A displays an HbA1c difference between therapies that is not statistically significant because the 95% confidence interval (CI) cross the line of no effect; lines B and C both show drug A to be statistically significantly better at lowering HbA1c than drug B, but that clinical superiority cannot be claimed in either case because the lower bound of the 95% CI crosses the (dashed) line marking the minimally important clinical difference, (MICD) x ; line D depicts a situation where drug A is both statistically significant and clinically superior in reducing HbA1c compared to drug B as evidenced by the lower bound of the 95%CI not crossing the line marking the MICD. In our network meta-analysis, the comparison of empagliflozin/linagliptin vs. dapagliflozin  would met these criteria for statistical significance and clinical superiority. MICD = minimally important clinical difference; RR = relative risk.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S2 Fig+ = low risk of bias;? = unclear risk of bias;\u2013 = high risk of bias.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S3 FigTherapies are reported in alphabetical order. HbA1c results are reported in WMD, % (95% CI). Results for changes in HbA1c on the top portion of the matrix represent changes in the row-defining treatment vs. those in the column-defining treatment (referent). For changes in HbA1c, negative values favor the first agent in alphabetical order. Statistically significant results are bolded. Clinically superior results are underlined. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are highlighted. The results on the bottom portion of the matrix represent the reciprocal of the top portion. ACA = acarbose; ALO = alogliptin; ALO/PIO = alogliptin/pioglitazone; CANA = canagliflozin; COL = colesevelam; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; EXEN = exenatide; GLAR = glargine; GLIB = glibenclamide; GLIC = gliclazide; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LINA = linagliptin; LIRA = liraglutide; LIX = lixisenatide; MIG = miglitol; NAT = nateglinide; PIO = pioglitazone; PLC = placebo; REP = repaglinide; ROSI = rosiglitazone; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S4 FigTherapies are reported in alphabetical order. Results are reported in WMD, kg (95% CI). Results for changes in weight on the top portion of the matrix represent changes in the row-defining treatment vs. those in the column-defining treatment (referent). For changes in weight, negative values favor the first agent in alphabetical order. Statistically significant results are bolded. Clinically superior results are underlined. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are highlighted. The results on the bottom portion of the matrix represent the reciprocal of the top portion. ACA = acarbose; ALO = alogliptin; ALO/PIO = alogliptin/pioglitazone; CANA = canagliflozin; COL = colesevelam; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; EXEN = exenatide; GLAR = glargine; GLIB = glibenclamide; GLIC = gliclazide; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; LIRA = liraglutide; LIX = lixisenatide; MIG = miglitol; NAT = nateglinide; PIO = pioglitazone; PLC = placebo; REP = repaglinide; ROSI = rosiglitazone; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S5 FigTherapies are reported in alphabetical order. Results are reported in WMD, mmHg (95% CI). Results for changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) on the top portion of the matrix represent changes in the row-defining treatment vs. those in the column-defining treatment (referent). For changes in SBP, negative values favor the first agent in alphabetical order. Statistically significant results are bolded. Clinically superior results are underlined. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are highlighted. The results on the bottom portion of the matrix represent the reciprocal of the top portion. CANA = canagliflozin; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; EXEN = exenatide; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; LIRA = liraglutide; PIO = pioglitazone; PLC = placebo; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S6 FigTherapies are reported in alphabetical order. Results for risk of confirmed hypoglycemia on the top portion of the matrix represent relative risks (RRs) of hypoglycemia in the row-defining treatment vs. those the column-defining treatment (referent). For confirmed hypoglycemia, RRs lower than 1 favor the first agent in alphabetical order. Statistically significant results are bolded. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are highlighted. To obtain RRs for comparisons in the opposite direction, reciprocals should be taken or the lower portion of the matrix can be used. ACA = acarbose; ALO = alogliptin; CANA = canagliflozin; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; EXEN = exenatide; GLAR = glargine; GLIC = gliclazide; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; LIRA = liraglutide; LIX = lixisenatide; NAT = nateglinide; PIO = pioglitazone; PLC = placebo; REP = repaglinide; ROSI = rosiglitazone; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S7 FigTherapies are reported in alphabetical order. Results for risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) on the top portion of the matrix represent relative risks (RRs) of UTI in the row-defining treatment vs. those the column-defining treatment (referent). For UTI, RRs lower than 1 favor the first agent in alphabetical order. Statistically significant results are bolded. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are highlighted. To obtain RRs for comparisons in the opposite direction, reciprocals should be taken or the lower portion of the matrix can be used. ALO/PIO = alogliptin/pioglitazone; ALO = alogliptin; CANA = canagliflozin; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; PIO = pioglitazone; PLC = placebo; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S8 FigTherapies are reported in alphabetical order. Results for risk of genital tract infection (GTI) on the top portion of the matrix represent relative risks (RRs) of GTI in the row-defining treatment vs. those the column-defining treatment (referent). For GTI, RRs lower than 1 favor the first agent in alphabetical order. Statistically significant results are bolded. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are highlighted. To obtain RRs for comparisons in the opposite direction, reciprocals should be taken or the lower portion of the matrix can be used. CANA = canagliflozin; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; PLC = placebo; SITA = sitagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S9 FigTherapies are reported in alphabetical order. HbA1c results are reported in WMD, % (99% CI). Results for changes in HbA1c on the top portion of the matrix represent changes in the row-defining treatment vs. those in the column-defining treatment (referent). For changes in HbA1c, negative values favor the first agent in alphabetical order. Statistically significant results of the sensitivity analysis are colored grey. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are highlighted. The results on the bottom portion of the matrix represent the reciprocal of the top portion. ACA = acarbose; ALO = alogliptin; ALO/PIO = alogliptin/pioglitazone; CANA = canagliflozin; COL = colesevelam; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; EXEN = exenatide; GLAR = glargine; GLIB = glibenclamide; GLIC = gliclazide; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; LINA = linagliptin; LIRA = liraglutide; LIX = lixisenatide; MIG = miglitol; NAT = nateglinide; PIO = pioglitazone; PLC = placebo; REP = repaglinide; ROSI = rosiglitazone; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S10 FigTherapies are reported in alphabetical order. Results are reported in WMD, kg (95% CI). Results for changes in weight on the top portion of the matrix represent changes in the row-defining treatment vs. those in the column-defining treatment (referent). For changes in weight, negative values favor the first agent in alphabetical order. Statistically significant results of the sensitivity analysis are colored grey. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are highlighted. The results on the bottom portion of the matrix represent the reciprocal of the top portion. ACA = acarbose; ALO = alogliptin; ALO/PIO = alogliptin/pioglitazone; CANA = canagliflozin; COL = colesevelam; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; EXEN = exenatide; GLAR = glargine; GLIB = glibenclamide; GLIC = gliclazide; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; LIRA = liraglutide; LIX = lixisenatide; MIG = miglitol; NAT = nateglinide; PIO = pioglitazone; PLC = placebo; REP = repaglinide; ROSI = rosiglitazone; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S11 FigTherapies are reported in alphabetical order. Results are reported in WMD, mmHg (95% CI). Results for changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP) on the top portion of the matrix represent changes in the row-defining treatment vs. those in the column-defining treatment (referent). For changes in SBP, negative values favor the first agent in alphabetical order. Statistically significant results of the sensitivity analysis are colored grey. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are highlighted. The results on the bottom portion of the matrix represent the reciprocal of the top portion. CANA = canagliflozin; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; EXEN = exenatide; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; LIRA = liraglutide; PIO = pioglitazone; PLC = placebo; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S12 FigTherapies are reported in alphabetical order. Results for risk of confirmed hypoglycemia on the top portion of the matrix represent relative risks (RRs) of hypoglycemia in the row-defining treatment vs. those the column-defining treatment (referent). For confirmed hypoglycemia, RRs lower than 1 favor the first agent in alphabetical order. Statistically significant results of the sensitivity analysis are colored grey. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are highlighted. To obtain RRs for comparisons in the opposite direction, reciprocals should be taken or the lower portion of the matrix can be used. ACA = acarbose; ALO = alogliptin; CANA = canagliflozin; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; EXEN = exenatide; GLAR = glargine; GLIC = gliclazide; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; LIRA = liraglutide; LIX = lixisenatide; NAT = nateglinide; PIO = pioglitazone; PLC = placebo; REP = repaglinide; ROSI = rosiglitazone; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S13 FigTherapies are reported in alphabetical order. Results for risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) on the top portion of the matrix represent relative risks (RRs) of UTI in the row-defining treatment vs. those the column-defining treatment (referent). For UTI, RRs lower than 1 favor the first agent in alphabetical order. Statistically significant results of the sensitivity analysis are colored grey. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are highlighted. To obtain RRs for comparisons in the opposite direction, reciprocals should be taken or the lower portion of the matrix can be used. ALO/PIO = alogliptin/pioglitazone; ALO = alogliptin; CANA = canagliflozin; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; PIO = pioglitazone; PLC = placebo; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S14 FigTherapies are reported in alphabetical order. Results for risk of genital tract infection (GTI) on the top portion of the matrix represent relative risks (RRs) of GTI in the row-defining treatment vs. those the column-defining treatment (referent). For GTI, RRs lower than 1 favor the first agent in alphabetical order. Statistically significant results of the sensitivity analysis are colored grey. Sodium glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are highlighted. To obtain RRs for comparisons in the opposite direction, reciprocals should be taken or the lower portion of the matrix can be used. CANA = canagliflozin; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; PLC = placebo; SITA = sitagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S1 TableaNumber of study participants evaluated for change in A1c from baseline (sample size may vary for other endpoints). bDoses were given daily, unless otherwise specified. cData given in median (range).BID = twice daily; BMI = body mass index; DM = diabetes mellitus; FPG = fasting plasma glucose; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c; n = number of patients; NR = not reported; OAD = oral antidiabetic drug; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SU = sulfonylurea; SE = standard error; TID = three times a day; qAM = daily AM dosing; qPM = daily PM dosing; QW = weekly. (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S2 TableaI2>50%.ACA = acarbose; ALO = alogliptin; ALO/PIO = alogliptin/pioglitazone; CANA = canagliflozin; COL = colesevelam; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; EXEN = exenatide; GLAR = insulin glargine; GLIB = glibenclamide; GLIC = gliclazide; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; LIRA = liraglutide; LIX = lixisenatide; MIG = miglitol; NAT = nateglinide; PIO = pioglitizone; PLC = placebo; REP = repaglinide; ROSI = rosiglitizone; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin. (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S3 TableaI2>50%.ACA = acarbose; ALO = alogliptin; ALO/PIO = alogliptin/pioglitazone; CANA = canagliflozin; COL = colesevelam; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; EXEN = exenatide; GLAR = insulin glargine; GLIB = glibenclamide; GLIC = gliclazide; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; LIRA = liraglutide; LIX = lixisenatide; MIG = miglitol; NAT = nateglinide; PIO = pioglitizone; PLC = placebo; REP = repaglinide; ROSI = rosiglitizone; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin. (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S4 TableaEgger\u2019s p-value <0.05CANA = canagliflozin; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; EXEN = exenatide; GLAR = insulin glargine; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; LIRA = liraglutide; PIO = pioglitizone; PLC = placebo; SAX = saxagliptin; SBP = systolic blood pressure; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin. (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S5 TableACA = acarbose; ALO = alogliptin; CANA = canagliflozin; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; EXEN = exenatide; GLAR = insulin glargine; GLIC = gliclazide; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; LIRA = liraglutide; LIX = lixisenatide; NAT = nateglinide; PIO = pioglitizone; PLC = placebo; REP = repaglinide; ROSI = rosiglitizone; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S6 TableALO = alogliptin; ALO/PIO = alogliptin/pioglitazone; CANA = canagliflozin; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; PIO = pioglitizone; PLC = placebo; SAX = saxagliptin; SITA = sitagliptin; VILDA = vildagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S7 TableCANA = canagliflozin; DAPA = dapagliflozin; EMPA = empagliflozin; EMPA/LINA = empagliflozin/linagliptin; GLIM = glimepiride; GLIP = glipizide; LINA = linagliptin; PLC = placebo; SITA = sitagliptin.(PDF)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Analysis of a skin biopsy obtained from a 42-year-old female presenting with multiple yellowish to reddish-brown nodules and plaques on the arm, chest , and abdA week later, she was diagnosed with IgG-kappa multiple myeloma .The laboratory workup showed the following: Hb: 109 g/L, Hct: 0.34 L/L, WBC: 9.5x109/L, Plt: 194x109/L, with normal differential white cell count. Other studied parameters included immunoglobulin IgG:1790 mg/dL , IgA: 279 mg/dL , IgM: 40 mg/dL ; and kappa light chains: 1830 mg/dL .The coexistence of paraproteinemias and necrobiotic xanthogranuloma is well described , and it would seem reasonable to recommend performing at least serum electrophoresis for patients affected by these rare conditions [1].Conflict of Interest StatementThe authors of this paper have no conflicts of interest, including specific financial interests, relationships, and/or affiliations relevant to the subject matter or materials included."}
{"text": "AbstractEchthronomas Forster, 1869 and two species, Echthronomasfacialis  and Echthronomasquadrinotata , are recorded for the fauna of Ukraine for the first time. Descriptions and photographs of species are provided.The genus  Echthronomas is a small genus of the subfamily Campopleginae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), represented by twelve species in the world, including four in the Western Palaearctic region , Echthronomas species, which are endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae, are rarely collected (c region . With thollected .Corylusavellana in beech forest (Transcarpathia) and near branches of dead Piceaabies in the mixed forest (Precarpathia). Specimens were identified using Horstmann's Fore wing 5.3 to 8.0 mm long. Body short and stout. Eye margin indented opposite antennal socket. Clypeus small, its apex convex. Mandible short. Lower tooth of mandible a little shorter than upper tooth. Temple short. Mesopleurum matt and with strong punctures. Propodeum short, with or without well defined carinae, its basal transverse carina more or less distinct, other carinae not always present. Areola and petiolar areas, when defined, broadly confluent. Propodeal spiracle circular. Tarsal claws pectinate. Areolet pointed or petiolate. First metasomal segment slender. Glymmae present. Metasoma compressed. Thyridium subcircular, separated from base of the second tergite by 0.2 to 0.6 its diameter. Ovipositor as long as apical depth of metasoma. This genus is distinguished from other Campoplegine genera by combination of the following characters Fig. .Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga A.; sex: 1 female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk region, Bogorodchany district, Mochary; verbatimLocality: 5 km NE of Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 300\u2013350 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 50' N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 35' E; Event: eventDate: 19 July 2011Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga A.; sex: female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Ivano-Frankivsk region, Bogorodchany district, Mochary; verbatimLocality: 5 km NE to Bogorodchany; verbatimElevation: 300-350 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 50' N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 35' E; Event: eventDate: 10 June 2012Female. This species is easily distinguishable from all Echthronomas species in having a punctate propodeum, without traces of carinae, yellow frons (inner margins of eyes), face, clypeus, mandibles, malar space Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Varga A.; sex: female; Location: country: Ukraine; stateProvince: Transcarpathian region, Rakhiv district, Kvasy; verbatimElevation: 630-650 m; verbatimLatitude: 48\u00b0 08' N; verbatimLongitude: 24\u00b0 16' E; Event: eventDate: 16 August 2009Female. This species is easily distinguishable from all Echthronomas species in having a transversely wrinkled propodeum, black clypeus with two yellow lateral spots, black face and malar space  differs from Echthronomasquadrinotata  in having entirely yellow fore and mid coxae, clypeus, and malar space, partly yellow face, and a black metasoma with only red apically tergites II\u2013IV. Another species, Echthronomasochrostoma , is similar to Echthronomasquadrinotata , but differs in having a yellow malar space and clypeus   .Eilema sp. (Arctiidae) (ctiidae) ."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 20272;10.1038/srep20272 published online: 02012016; updated: 03302016This Article contains errors in Affiliation 3. The correct affiliation is listed below:Center for Nanotechnology Innovation @NEST, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Piazza San Silvestro 12-56127 Pisa, Italy."}
{"text": "At the last follow-up (fifty-one months), the patient was showing very-long term antiviral response, progressive decline of secondary immune activation and absence of significant side-effects. Further research is required to fully verify the real impact on therapeutic choice/regimen.Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been recognized to be both a hepato- and lymphotropic virus. HCV lymphotropism represents an essential detail in the pathogenesis of virus-related autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders, ranging from clonal expansion of B-cells with organ and non-organ-specific autoantibody production up to overt non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma along a continuous step-by-step model of B-cell lymphomagenesis, where the intermediated mixed cryoglobulinemia could be considered as a stage of suppressible antigen-driven lymphoproliferation. The HCV long-lasting extrahepatic replicative state generates an abnormal systemic immunological response, including rheumatoid factor (RF) and cryo- and non-cryoprecipitable immune complexes, as well as clinical manifestations, comprising dermatitis, polyarthralgias and arthritis, pulmonary disease, aplastic anemia, glomerulonephritis and vasculitis. The mechanism of these extra-hepatic disorders is thought of as linked to immune complex disease, but their pathogenesis is poorly clarified. Immune-suppressive treatment could induce high-level hepatitis C viremia and impair hepatic disease. We report a female patient, whose chronic HCV-related liver cirrhosis with associated explosive, but oligosymptomatic lymphoproliferative immune response,  Interaction between Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the immune system represents a well-known pathogenic mechanism that causes liver and extrahepatic damage in chronically infected patients. Several reports in the literature have confirmed that HCV infection leads to different types of immune disease such as cryoglobulinemia, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren\u2019s syndrome, hemolytic anaemia and severe thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hepatitis, thyroid disorders and diabetes mellitus. These manifestations, labelled as autoimmune diseases, are reckoned to be caused by the lymphotropism of the virus: particularly, the interaction between the E2 glycoprotein of the HCV envelope and the CD81 receptor, expressed by hepatocytes and B lymphocytes, could play a fundamental role. Chronically infected lymphocytes constitute a reservoir of virus, but on the other hand persistent infection of lymphoid tissue induces a chronic stimulation of the immune system based on various molecular mechanisms, of which the activation of Bcl-2, a proto-oncogene that prolongs lymphocytes survival, and induces a switch of T lymphocytes both in Th2 phenotype and Th1 phenotype, plays a key role. The Th2 phenotype increases humoral immunity and production of autoantibodies, while the Th1 phenotype causes mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) and immune disorders affecting various organs . In 2012i.e., cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and herpes simplex virus and autoimmunity (ANA/AMA/anti LKM as well as serum anti-gliadin and anti-endomysium) were negative. Hemocromocytometric analysis showed moderate anemia  and low platelets count . The patient presented with abnormal levels of laboratory parameters, suggesting the presence of cytolysis and cholestasis, i.e., AST 265 U/L , ALT 241 U/L (nv < 35), ALP 108 U/L (nv < 104), gammaGT 67 U/L (nv < 36), direct bilirubin 0.42 mg/dL (nv < 0.3) LDH 468 U/L (nv < 450), as well as of impaired liver synthesis; she showed hypo-albuminemia  and typical alterations of coagulation suggesting a subacute-chronic disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC) (PT INR: 1.49 (nv < 1.3), anti-thrombin III: 44.7% (nv 70%\u2013120%), d-dimerus: >6500 \u03bcg/L (nv < 198), fibrinogen degradation products (FDP): 20\u201340 (nv < 10). Markers of liver proliferation were raised , tissue polypeptide specific antigen, TPS: 6717 ng/mL (nv < 80)). Imaging features (US and CT of abdomen) evidenced slight increase of the liver volume (mainly at level of the right lobe), hypertrophy of the caudate and left lobes, irregular edges, coarse pattern, splenomegaly  and ascites. Gastroscopy evidenced signs of portal hypertension (congestive gastropathy). The ascitic episode was resolved after three weeks by infusion of plasma-expanders  and combined diuretic therapy (furosemide 40 mg i.v. 3 times/week + potassium kanreonate 200 mg/day per os). Moreover, a marked immune activation represented by the following data was noted: typization of cryoprecipitate: IgM-k, II type, mixed-, mono- and poly-clonal; cryocrit: 40%, RF: 53,200 UI/mL , monoclonal component IgM: 0.61 g/dL, k type, IgM total: 37.6 g/L (nv 0.4\u20132.3), IgG total: 25.9 g/L (nv 7\u201316), circulating immune complexes (CIC) C1q: 86 mcg/mL (nv < 40), CIC C3d: 62 mcg/mL (nv < 24), anti-cardiolipine antibodies: 40.5 U/mL (nv < 20) and beta2-microglobulin: 5203 ng/mL (nv < 2740) . Medical history revealed anti-HCV antibodies, which were documented from 1991, and a dysmetabolic phenotype characterized by visceral obesity, HDL cholesterol reduction, impaired fasting glucose and arterial hypertension controlled by drug therapy; laboratory parameters and imaging features evidenced initial organ damage . Therefore, she was admitted to our ward and was provided with a full clinical laboratory and instrumental evaluation. The virological markers of HCV infection showed infection by HCV, 1b genotype, moderate plasmatic levels of HCV-RNA  and C/T polymorphism of IL 28B gene promoter. Markers of other hepatotropic viruses,  < 2740) . The eryOn January 2005, the patient started only pegylated IFN alfa 2b 1.5 mcg/kg/week. The choice was due to both reduced Hb levels and Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), detected during routine check-ups in the course of diuretic therapy, adding Ribavirin (RBV) after six months only.The aim of AT was the suppression of the viral antigenic driver and the reduction of virus-related immune stimulation.On May 2005 : The patient manifested a transitory purpuric rash on legs that spontaneously resolved after 10\u201314 days. Recurrence of rash was not observed. Slight dyschromia, which was in accordance with a histological pattern of \u201cmixed cytoclastic dermatitis\u201d, persisted.On June 2005 (the sixth month of AT): The patient continued the administration of pegylated IFN alfa 1.5 mcg/kg/week and received a 800 mg-dose of RBV, with Hb and GFR levels ameliorated.10), improvement of anaemia  and of platelets count  and other laboratory liver tests.Peripheral oedemas and ascites resolved. Immune modulating and/or cyto-reductive therapies such as rituximab/corticosteroids at high dosage/cyclophosphamide/plasmapheresis were considered as alternatives in case of failure, but they were not thought to be necessary. Of interest, only in this period did the patient reach the greatest peak of RF 58,200 UI/mL  and cryocrit (60%); at same time the first and unique episode of consumption of complement was observed: C4: 0.081 g/L (nv 0.1\u20130.4). IgM: 23.8 g/L  a. Moreovk monoclonal component (MC): 0.58 g/dL, beta2-microglobulin: 4700 ng/mL (nv < 2740), first normalization of liver cytolysis and residual plasmatic levels of virus (8700 UI/mL with a reduction of two log10)) (On March 2006 (the 15th month of therapy and the ninth month of RBV combined therapy) the patient showed reduction of immune activation parameters , cryocrit: 35%, IgM: 18.8 g/L (nv 0.4\u20132.3), IgM- log10)) a; howevek MC: 0.58 g/dL, beta2-microglobulin: 4730 ng/mL (nv < 2740); again, normalization of liver cytolysis and reduction of plasmatic levels of virus were confirmed ; moreover, sentinel superficial lymph nodes disappeared and the patient had the opportunity to continue AT.On September 2006  a further reduction of immune activity was observed, RF: 30,000 UI/mL , cryocrit: 32%, IgM: 15.3 g/L (nv 0.4\u20132.3), IgM-k MC: 0.74 g/dL, beta2-microglobulin: 4890 ng/mL (nv < 2740), (10) persisted. In addition to the resolution of sentinel superficial lymphadenopathy, the patient experienced a regression of deep abdominal lymph nodes, while isolated enlarged lymph nodes at the hepatic hylus persisted ; however, during this period a moderate intolerance to AT occurred and a reduction of therapeutic dosage was needed; therefore, the patient switched to pegylated-IFN alfa 2b, 1 mcg/kg/week, and RBV, 600 mg/day.Between March 2007 (the 27th month of therapy and the 21st month of combination with RBV) and September 2007 (the 33rd of therapy and the 27th month of combination with RBV): A further reduction of immune activation was observed , cryocrit: 30%, IgM: 9.7 g/L (nv 0.4\u20132.3), IgM-< 2740), a; both nk MC: 0.62 g/dL, beta2-microglobulin: 4420 ng/mL (nv < 2740)), the patient experienced first virological remission and viral plasma levels were undetectable using PCR Real Time.On March 2008 \u2014the 12th month of reduced dosage: In association with reduced immune activation and confirmed normalization of liver cytolysis , cryocrit: 27%, IgM: 5.7 g/L (nv 0.4\u20132.3), IgM-k MC: 0.57 g/dL, beta2-microglobulin: 3620 ng/mL (nv < 2740), absent HCV viremia ),  and March 2010  the patient was showing normal laboratory liver tests and improved immunological and virological parmameters: (RF: 4300 UI/mL (nv \u2264 15), cryocrit: 20%, IgM-lTime)), . VirologEnd Therapy Response), RF: 2780 UI/mL (nv \u2264 15), cryocrit: 19%, IgM-k MC: 0.54 g/dL, beta2-microglobulin: 3120 ng/mL (nv < 2740) (On June 2010 (the 66th month of therapy and the 60th month of combination with RBV\u2014the 39th month of reduced dosage and three months after the switch to 0.75 mcg/Kg/week and 400 mg/day of RBV)\u201427 months after first virological remission, the patient ended AT. Main laboratory examinations confirmed both virological/immunological remission and normalization of liver tests: absent plasma viral levels  indicating  < 2740) . Only muOf particular note, ultrasonographic examination revealed axillary and inguinal lymph nodes exhibiting tapered shapes and a hyperhecoic hylus .very Long-Term Response; a minimal immune activity\u2014RF: 1560 UI/mL , cryocrit: 12% , IgM: 5.07 g/L (nv 0.4\u20132.3), CIC C1Q: 71 \u03bcg/mL (nv 0\u201340), CIC C3d: 116 \u03bcg/mL (nv 0\u201324), IgM-k MC: 0.77 g/dL, beta2-microglobulin: 3115 ng/mL (nv < 2740),   translocation and a possible evolution to a centro-follicular lymphoma.Between June 2010 and October 2014 the patient underwent a prolonged and well-documented follow-up that confirmed both normal laboratory liver parameters\u2014AST: 19 U/L (nv < 35), ALT: 15 U/L (nv < 35), total proteins: 8.0 g/dL (nv 6.5\u20138.2), albumin: 4.5 g/dL, total cholesterol: 187 mg/dL, LDH: 403 U/L (nv < 450), AFP: 1.8 ng/mL (nv < 15), TPS: 75 ng/mL (nv < 80) and virological remission with absent plasma levels of virus at 51st month of follow-up indicating a < 2740), b. The anTable 2a) Laboratory parameters during the antiviral therapy; (b) Laboratory parameters during the follow-up.; patients with SVR had no relapse of NHLs and responders were characterized by longer survival time without disease [The patient presented with a dysregulated IgM gammopathy showing humoral (RF) and cryoprecipitate (mixed cryoglobulinemia of type II) activity induced by an amplified HCV replication. Gammopathy could be not classified as Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia or nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (NLH), which is a lymphoproliferative disease with small cells due to a possible lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacitoid immunocytoma. These observations are in accordance with previously mentioned studies, which revealed a higher incidence of immune stimulation and lymphocytosis in HCV patients; particularly, infection can be an antigenic trigger of lymphocytic stimulation and persist for several years before NLH occurrence. Therefore, lymphocytic stimulation can be considered an important factor to predict evolution to lymphoma ,5. Of malymphoma . The Herlymphoma . On the lymphoma . Moreovelymphoma . Similar disease . AT repr disease . In low- disease ,16; consi.e., combined AT and evaluation of the long-term prognosis. Thus, in these patients we suggest that physicians carefully evaluate some markers of immune activation, such as cryoglobulins, RF, fractions of complement, circulating immunocomplexes, presence of mono-clonal gammopathy or poly-clonal hypergammaglobulinemia and typical symptoms of MC. In fact, these parameters could indicate an urgent necessity to consolidate therapy, obviously in selected patients, in order to eradicate the latent infection of B-lymphocytes and reduce both the incidence of MC/NHL and relapse of liver disease. As a final observation, the content of this case report prompts a revision of the optimal timing of the newly appearing direct-acting, IFN-free antiviral combinations.AT was an efficient approach in our patient affected by HCV-related liver cirrhosis, improving laboratory parameters. A fundamental element of HCV chronic infection is the abnormal immune response against viral antigens that frequently leads to a permanent chronic immune reaction. Although this response, well modulated, is central to the virus eradication, the same response could cause liver damage and provoke a dysregulated immune activation leading to severe clinical manifestations, such as MC or NHLs. Particularly, chronic lymphocytic proliferation and hypergammaglobulinemia in some conditions evolve to lymphoproliferative syndromes, which could manifest without severe symptoms, at least at an initial stage. Therefore, in addition with evaluation of laboratory liver tests, immune activation needs careful consideration to decide an optimal and safe therapeutic strategy, At the last follow-up (fifty one months), the patient was showing very-long term antiviral response, progressive decline of secondary immune activation and absence of significant side-effects. Further research is required to fully verify the true impact of therapeutic choice/regimen in similar cases."}
{"text": "Data from the SINGLE trial demonstrated that 88% of treatment-naive HIV-1 patients treated with dolutegravir and abacavir/lamivudine (DTG+ABC/3TC) achieved viral suppression at 48 weeks compared with 81% of patients treated with efavirenz/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (EFV/TDF/FTC). It is unclear how this difference in short-term efficacy impacts long-term cost-effectiveness of these regimens. This study sought to evaluate the long-term cost-effectiveness of DTG+ABC/3TC versus EFV/TDF/FTC from a US payer perspective.An individual discrete-event simulation model tracked the disease status and treatment pathway of HIV-1 patients. The model simulated treatment over a lifetime horizon by tracking change in patients\u2019 CD4 count, occurrence of clinical events , treatment switch and death. The model included up to four lines of treatment. Baseline patient characteristics, efficacy and safety of DTG+ABC/3TC and EFV/TDF/FTC were informed by data from the SINGLE trial. The efficacy of subsequent lines of treatment, clinical event risks, mortality, cost and utility inputs were based on literature and expert opinion. Outcomes were lifetime medical costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) (both discounted at 3% per annum) and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).Compared with EFV/TDF/FTC, DTG+ABC/3TC increased lifetime costs by $58,188 and per-person survival by 0.12 QALYs, resulting in an ICER of $482,717/QALY. In sensitivity analyses testing conservative assumptions about EFV/TDF/FTC's efficacy beyond the trial period, ICERs comparing DTG+ABC/3TC to EFV/TDF/FTC remained high . In a scenario in which the price of EFV/TDF/FTC was reduced by 10% to reflect the potential for price reduction as EFV goes off patent, DTG+ABC/3TC's ICER compared to EFV/TDF/FTC was $600,916/QALY. When DTG+ABC/3TC's price was reduced by 10%, the resulting ICER comparing DTG+ABC/3TC to EFV/TDF/FTC was $302,171/QALY.Compared with EFV/TDF/FTC, DTG+ABC/3TC resulted in substantially higher cost, slightly better QALY over lifetime, and ICERs far exceeding standard cost-effectiveness thresholds, indicating that the incremental benefit in efficacy associated with DTG+ABC/3TC may not be worth the incremental increase in costs."}
{"text": "There is an error in affiliation #1. The correct affiliation #1 should be: Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit. IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain and CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain"}
{"text": "Cell & Bioscience.Three research groups led by Dr. Robert Clarke of Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; Dr. Lixin Wei of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China; and Dr. Zhiming Zhang of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China, won the 2014 Ming K Jeang Award for Excellence in  Cell & Bioscience in 2014, have been selected to receive the Ming K Jeang Award for Excellence in Cell & Bioscience. The Ming K Jeang Award for Excellence in Cell & Bioscience was established in 2011 with a generous donation from the Ming K. Jeang Foundation to honor outstanding research articles published in Cell & Bioscience, the official journal of the Society of Chinese Bioscientists in America . A committee of Cell & Bioscience Editors, chaired by Dr. Dong-Yan Jin, considered all research articles published in the journal in 2014 to select the following three articles to receive the award [Mitochondria directly donate their membrane to form autophagosomes during a novel mechanism of parkin-associated mitophagyCell & Bioscience 2014, 4:16 (27 March 2014)Katherine L Cook, David R Soto-Pantoja, Mones Abu-Asab, Pamela AG Clarke, David D Roberts, Robert Clarke Abstract | Full text | PDF | ePUB | PubMed | Cited on BioMed CentralAutophagy protects against palmitate-induced apoptosis in hepatocytesCell & Bioscience 2014, 4:28 (21 May 2014)Ning Cai, Xue Zhao, Yingying Jing, Kai Sun, Shufan Jiao, Xiaojing Chen, Haozheng Yang, Yan Zhou, Lixin Wei Abstract | Full text | PDF | ePUB | PubMedMicroRNA-20b promotes cell growth of breast cancer cells partly via targeting phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)Cell & Bioscience 2014, 4:62 (14 October 2014)Weidong Zhou, Guixiu Shi, Qiuyan Zhang, Qiuwan Wu, Boan Li, Zhiming Zhang Abstract | Full text | PDF | ePUB | PubMedWe are very pleased to announce that three research groups, who each published an outstanding research article in he award :MitochonCongratulations to these three groups of investigators for jobs well done!We are looking forward to receiving contributions of outstanding research articles from the scientific community in 2015 and beyond."}
{"text": "AbstractSaxatilomyspaulinae Musser et al., 2005 was first discovered by Paulina's Limestone Rat Saxatilomyspaulinae in Quang Binh province. This is the first record of Saxatilomyspaulinae in Vietnam. External and craniodental characteristics of all specimens clearly exhibit the characters of Saxatilomyspaulinae as described in Saxatilomyspaulinae in Vietnam is characterized by complicated terrain comprising low karst towers (around 400 m) with steep slopes covered under limestone humid evergreen forest. The forest has been affected by selected timber logging in the past, but still has a complex 4-layer structure. The population of Saxatilomyspaulinae in Vietnam is threatened by rodent trapping/snaring and habitat disturbance. More status surveys should be conducted to assess the species distributional range and its population status for undertaking relevant conservation measures.In April 2014, we conducted a rodent survey and collected four (4) whole specimens of  Laonastesaenigmamus . Baits were made of fresh manioc or sweet potato. All captured animals were anesthetized and measured for external measurements following Saxatilomyspaulinae) were preserved in 70% ethanol for later identification using museum mammal collections. Species identification follows Those individuals that could not be identified to the species level in the field ; Location: country: Vietnam; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 315 m; verbatimLatitude: 17\u00b048\u2019N; verbatimLongitude: 105\u00b055\u2019E; Event: eventDate: April 14, 2014; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: NXN-217; institutionCode: IEBR; collectionCode: DVZ-Rodentia; ownerInstitutionCode: IEBRType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Nghia Xuan Nguyen; individualCount: 1; sex: female; Location: country: Vietnam; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 315 m; verbatimLatitude: 17\u00b048\u2019N; verbatimLongitude: 105\u00b055\u2019E; Event: eventDate: April 15, 2014; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: NXN-218; institutionCode: IEBR; collectionCode: DVZ-Rodentia; ownerInstitutionCode: IEBRType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Nghia Xuan Nguyen; individualCount: 1; sex: male; Location: country: Vietnam; stateProvince: Quang Binh; verbatimLocality: Thuong Hoa Commune, Minh Hoa District; verbatimElevation: 298 m; verbatimLatitude: 17\u00b048\u2019N; verbatimLongitude: 105\u00b055\u2019E; Event: eventDate: April 17, 2014; habitat: Karst forest; Record Level: collectionID: NXN-221; institutionCode: IEBR; collectionCode: DVZ-Rodentia; ownerInstitutionCode: IEBRSaxatilomyspaulinae  were collected in April 2014. The external and craniodental measurements of these specimens are shown in Table Saxatilomyspaulinae described in Four whole specimens of Saxatilomyspaulinae were captured only in Thung Uc locality  of Thuong Hoa Commune , at elevation of 295 - 315 m, under limestone humid evergreen forest  with steep slopes covered under limestone humid evergreen forest. The slopes have many large limestone boulders and crevices. The forest on the slopes has been affected by selected timber logging in the past; however, a 3-4 layer forest structure remains, with the following characters:Pometiapinnata (Sapindaceae), Dracontomelonduperreanum (Anacardiaceae), Toonasurenii (Meliaceae), Paviesiaanamensis (Sapindaceae), Pterospermumgrewiaefolium (Sterculiaceae), Mahuca sp., Hopea sp., Streblusasper (Moraceae), Litsea sp. (Lauraceae), Sumbaviopsismacrophylla (Euphorbiaceae), Actinodaphne sp. (Lauraceae), Pometiachinensis (Sapindaceae), Choerospondiasaxillaris (Anacardiaceae), Alangiumridleyi (Alangiaceae), Knema sp. (Myristicaceae), etc.The canopy tree layer consists of trees 20-30 m high with stem diameter 0.5-0.8 m. The most common trees species are: Knemacorticosa (Myristicaceae), Streblustonkinensis, Streblusasper (Moraceae), Xylopiavielana (Annonaceae), Diospyros sp. (Ebenaceae), Caryotamitis (Arecaceae), Arengapinnata (Arecaceae), Camelia sp. (Theaceae), Actinodaphne sp. (Lauraceae), Pterospermum sp. (Sterculiaceae), Litsea sp. (Lauraceae), Ormosialaoensis (Fabaceae), Nepheliumlappaceum (Sapindaceae), Sumbaviopsismacrophylla (Euphorbiaceae), Paranepheliumspirei (Sapindaceae), Alangiumridleyi (Alangiaceae), Baccaurea sp. (Euphorbiaceae), Aglaia sp. (Meliaceae), etc.The middle tree layer consists of trees 10-15 m high with stem diameter 0.3-0.5 m. The most common species are Euphorbiaceae, Theaceae, Myrtaceae and Verbenaceae. Some dominant species are Antidesma sp. (Euphorbiaceae), Trevesiapanmalta , Litseavaliabilis (Lauraceae), Arengapinnata (Arecaceae), Excoecariacochinchinensis (Euphorbiaceae), as well as seedlings of trees from higher layers.The scrub layer consists of trees 3-7 m high, mostly with twisted stems, many branches, and several stems rising from one base. The most common species are from the families Araceae, the genera Calamus and Caryota (family Arecaceae), and many herb species from families Urticaceae, Melastomataceae, Balsaminaceae, Poaceae, Begoniaceae, Podipoliaceae, Convallariaceae, Zingiberaceae, Urticaceae and Acanthaceae. Some of the most common species are Homalomenaocculta (Araceae), Aglaonemasimplex (Araceae), Aglaonemasiamensis (Araceae), Taccachantrieri (Taccaceae), Aspidistratypica , Piper sp. (Piperaceae), Corymborkisveratrifolia (Orchidaceae), etc.The herb and fern layer is about 0.5-3 m high, with trees of 0.2-3 m high from family Saxatilomyspaulinae, several other ground-living rodent species are found in this habitat including Bandicotaindica, Berylmysbowersi, Leopoldamyssabanus, Leopoldamysedwardsi, Maxomysmoi, Maxomyssurifer, Niviventerfulvescens, Niviventerlangbianis, Niviventertenaster, Rattustanezumi, Rattusandamanensis, and Laonastesaenigmamus (Apart from nigmamus .Saxatilomyspaulinae in Quang Binh province (Vietnam) is wildlife hunting and habitat disturbance. The distribution area of the Saxatilomyspaulinae is situated close to the villages of ethnic minorities . These minority groups are very poor and their livelihood much depends on wildlife and forest products. Wildlife hunting is a long tradition of the local people, and a practice that remains extensive currently. Most men 15 to 60 years in age in these villages are engaged in wildlife hunting. Their hunting season lasts about eight months per year (from July to February). The most widely used mean for trapping rodents is metal spring snares. Each hunter usually keeps 30-100 active snares in forests; some hunters keep up to 300-500 active snares. Unfortunatlely, we were not able to estimate how many individuals of Saxatilomyspaulinae they capture each year.Main threats to the population of Simple comparison of external and craniodental measurement of specimens from Vietnam with those of specimens from Lao indicates that specimens from Vietnam are generally larger than specimens from Lao Table \u200b. HoweveSaxatilomyspaulinae was reported to inhabit steep rocky slopes with large limestone boulders covered in heavily degraded deciduous forest mixed with scrub and bamboo at the base of the surrounding massive karst , while trapping and habitat disturbance remain as current threats to the species survival. More surveys need to be conducted to assess the species distributional range and the status of its populations for undertaking relevant conservation measures.Before this study, e of Lao . Our recSaxatilomyspaulinae and Laonastesaenigmamus share the same limestone forest habitat in Central Indochina Limestone. The Laonastesaenigmamus is the only surviving member of the otherwise extinct rodent family Diatomyidae, that was formerly believed to have been extinct for more than 11 million years (It is interesting that both on years . Both sp"}
{"text": "Adalimumab (ADA) is approved for use in moderate to severe juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in patients (pts) \u22654 years (yrs) old in the US, EU, and Japan. Limited data are available in pts <4 yrs old.To assess the safety and effectiveness of >1 year of ADA therapy in pts aged 2 to <4 yrs old or \u22654 yrs old weighing <15 kg with moderately to severely active polyarticular JIA2 (maximum = 20 mg/dose) every other week (wk) +/- methotrexate for a minimum of 24 wks in an ongoing international, multicenter, open-label, phase 3b study until achieving the limit for age (\u22654 yrs) and weight (\u226515 kg). Adverse events (aes) were summarized for all visits up to 96 wks. Clinical effectiveness endpoints were assessed as observed, and included American College of Rheumatology pediatric (pedacr) 30/50/70/90 responses through wk 60, and JIA outcome parameters .JIA pts were treated with ADA 24 mg/m32 pts were randomized; through wk 60, two pts withdrew due to aes (JIA worsening or flare) and 2 withdrew for other reasons. AE incidence rates included: any aes 91%), serious aes (16%), infectious aes (78%), and serious infections (9%). No deaths, malignancies, or opportunistic infections were reported. 90% of pts had achieved pedacr30 at wk 60 (Table %, seriouIn this very young population with polyarticular JIA, primary clinical trial data revealed that the safety profile and effectiveness of ADA were comparable to that observed in older children with JIA. Moreover, ADA had no adverse impact on height or weight, as data reflected improvement in growth metrics through wk 60 of the study.D. Kingsbury Grant/Research Support from: abbvie Inc., P. Quartier Grant/Research Support from: abbvie, Novartis, Chugai-Roche and Pfizer, Consultant for: abbvie, Novartis, Chugai-Roche and Pfizer, V. Arora Shareholder of: abbvie Inc., Employee of: abbvie Inc., J. Kalabic Shareholder of: abbvie Inc., Employee of: abbvie Inc., H. Kupper Shareholder of: abbvie Inc., Employee of: abbvie Inc., N. Mozaffarian Employee of: Former employee of abbvie Inc."}
{"text": "Ulinastatin is a protease inhibitor derived from human urine with strong anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant activity . BesidesAKI, acute kidney injury; CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass; MAP, mean arterial pressure; RRT, renal replacement therapy; SCr, serum creatinine"}
{"text": "While pleural effusion and ascites secondary to acute pancreatitis are common, clinically relevant pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade are observed rarely. In a study by Pezzilli et al., pleural effusion was noted in 7 of the 21 patients with acute pancreatitis whereas the authors detected pericardial effusion development in only three. The authors asserted that pleural effusion was associated with severe acute pancreatitis, while pericardial effusion and the severity of acute pancreatitis were not significantly related. Pleural effusion and ascites develop frequently in acute severe pancreatitis, while pericardial effusion does rarely , 2. In pA 44-year-old female presented with cough, phlegm, nasal discharge and fever. A week later, she developed abdominal pain radiating to the back, chest pain and shortness of breath, therefore admitted for inpatient care. Her history included asthma and diabetes mellitus. Her familial history involved no relevant findings. The findings on physical examination were as follows: arterial blood pressure: 110/70 mm Hg, heart rate per minute: 102, fever: 38,2\u00b0C, oxygen saturation: 93% and tachypnea. Cardiac sounds were coming deeply and pericardial friction rubs were heard. Respiratory sounds were coarse bilaterally. Widespread abdominal tenderness was remarkable. Examinations of other systems yielded normal results. With laboratory analyses: leukocyte: 17,5 x109 /L, neutrophil: 41%, lymphcoyte: 53%, Hct: 36%, platelet: 359 x109 /L, CRP: 209 mg/L, amylase: 1552 IU/L, lipase: 1238 IU/L, AST: 24 IU/L, ALT: 28 IU/L, ALP: 68 IU/L, GGT: 28 IU/L, LDH: 232 IU/L, total bilirubin: 0,8\u00b5mol/L, conjugated bilirubin: 0,4\u00b5mol/L, glucose: 123 mg/dL, creatinine: 0,5 mg/dL. Other biochemical tests yielded normal results. Electrocardiogram demonstrated sinus tachycardia and reduction in voltage. Chest X-ray on admission showed a massive enlargement of the cardiac silhouette without pleural effusions ,C,D). PeThe mechanism of pericardial effusion in acute pancreatitis has not been elucidated completely but a number of theories have been suggested, including chemical pericarditis due to pancreatic enzymes carried by lymphatic vessels or available in the circulation, necrosis of vascular walls in fatty areas, necrosis of the subpericardial fat and fistulous connection between abdominal and pericardial cavities . MediastIn conclusion pericardial effusion secondary to acute pancreatitis may develop via several mechanisms. Acute pancreatitis secondary to viral infection and pericardial effusion development should also be considered in the differential diagnosis. Complete resolution is usually achieved with symptomatic treatment in acute pancreatitis except for pericardial effusion associated with fistula presence."}
{"text": "The correct title is: Renal Function Outcomes and Risk Factors for Stage 3B Chronic Kidney Disease after Urinary Diversion in Patients with Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. The correct citation is: Hatakeyama S, Koie T, Narita T, Hosogoe S, Yamamoto H, Tobisawa Y, et al. (2016) Renal Function Outcomes and Risk Factors for Stage 3B Chronic Kidney Disease after Urinary Diversion in Patients with Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. PLoS ONE 11(2): e0149544. doi:There are formatting errors in"}
{"text": "AbstractPyraloidea of North America north of Mexico is presented, including 861 Crambidae and 681 Pyralidae with 1542 total species. It includes all new species described, tropical species with new records in the United States, and species introduced from Europe and Asia since 1983. The Notes section provides the seminal citations, data and/or commentary to all changes since 1983 for easy and future reference. In addition, this list proposes seven new generic combinations, the transfer of a phycitine species, Salebrianigricans (Hulst), to Epipaschiinae and its syn. n. with Pococerafuscolotella (Ragonot), and three new records for the United States. Purposefully, no new taxa are described here, but we found a gradual increase of 10% in the number of species described since 1983. Finally, we also include a list of thirteen species not included or removed from the MONA list. Many higher-level changes have occurred since 1983 and the classification is updated to reflect research over the last 30 years, including exclusion of Thyrididae and Hyblaeidae from the superfamily and recognition of Crambidae and Pyralidae as separate families. The list includes multiple changes to subfamilies based on morphology such as the synonymization of the Dichogamini with the Glaphyriinae, but also incorporating recent molecular phylogenetic results such as the synonymization of the Evergestinae with the Glaphyriinae.An annotated check list of  Pyraloidea by Pyraloidea of North America north of Mexico is greatly needed because there have been many new species described, higher-level taxonomic and nomenclatural changes, additions and deletions, new synonymies and combinations, and new introductions to the fauna since 1983.This check list is an update of the PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakthe MONA check list because it included species in America north of Mexico (indicated with an * in the NTCL) that were described mostly from U.S. states that border Mexico and could possibly extend south into the Neotropical region. In addition, the results of studying and comparing type specimens over many years by the authors resulted in many new combinations and synonymies that affected American pyraloid nomenclature.The additional species included in this check list are from three primary sources: newly described species Table , tropicaPyraloidea species in the United States and Canada beginning over 100 years ago , Pyraustinae  into two families, the Crambidae and Pyralidae (sensu stricto)  The subfamily Evergestinae is synonymized with Glaphyriinae, as the oldest name, based on Dichogamini (in the Odontiinae in MONA) are placed in the Glaphyriinae (Ambiini (in the Nymphulinae in MONA) are placed in the Musotiminae (Acentropinae is applied to the Nymphulinae (in MONA) as the oldest name for the group  are placed in the Crambinae  ; Munroe ycitinae  and relehyriinae . 3) The otiminae . 4) The he group . 5) The ly level . 6) The hyriinae . 7) The rambinae . 8) The Sufetula .Crambinae. We have not included the taxonomic rank of tribe because so many are not based on characters, or the tribal structure breaks down upon study of the tribe in other regions of the world. We also list described subgenera as synonyms because they are not universally applied to most of the list.In this check list we give the complete synonymy as currently known for all species, and list known subspecies with synonyms, indicating where taxa are extralimital or introduced. We have reorganized many of the genera based on the NTCL  because Anania \u2013 Elophila \u2013 Hypsopygia \u2013 PageBreakcombinations of species were not published. We include those combinations in this list based on the synonymies indicated in those publications. Citations for all species described since the MONA check list are included in the References, but citations for older species descriptions are not included. Taxa with a superscript number, e.g. MAS has externally examined types or vouchers for much of the Western Hemisphere fauna, and we have confirmed vouchers for the recorded introductions. Researchers in other parts of the world have examined species, internally as well as externally, and, in some cases, synonymized some of the older generic names  for cross-reference to those lists. We anticipate a new numbering system will be in place when the entire North American check list becomes available on-line. When lists are numbered, the computer sorting and ordering of taxa phylogenetically becomes onerous, particularly as species are reassigned to genera or subfamilies and new species are described. In our database, we have assigned sequential numbers to superfamilies, families, subfamilies, tribes and genera, in addition to species . Figure Pyraloidea are aware of other undescribed species, new synonymies, and new combinations, but we have not included these in the PageBreaklist pending publication. Molecular data have also recently been applied to species level questions in the Pyraloidea, , and smaller genera may be paraphyletic to other genPageBreakera. Recent molecular work has largely supported previous morphological studies, but we expect generic concepts to experience significant changes in the future because most generic taxonomic groupings still require adequate investigation using morphological and molecular techniques.We and our colleagues who study We plan to continue updating this list, thus we welcome information on omissions, corrections, additions or updates.MONA# NTCL#PyraloideaCrambidaePyraustinaeMunroeodes Amsel, 1957Munroeia Amsel, 1956; preocc. by Marion, 1954thalesalis ; valid (Botys) 4934 1373Saucrobotys Munroe, 1976fumoferalis ; valid (Botis) 4935futilalis ; valid (Botys) 4936 1374erectalis ; syn. (Botis) 4936 1374inconcinnalisa.  ; ssp. (Botys) 4936 1374crocotalis ; syn. (Botis) 4936 1374festalis ; syn. (Botis) 4936 1374Sarabotys Munroe, 1964cupreicostalis Phlyctaenodes) 1376Nascia Curtis, 1835acutellus ; valid (Crambus) 4937venalis ; syn. (Botis) 4937Sclerocona Meyrick, 1890acutellus Chilo)cilialis ; syn. (Duponchelia)tincticostellus ; syn. (Crambus)sinensellusa.  Crambus)Epicorsia H\u00fcbner, 1818oedipodalis ; valid (Botys) 4938 1403butyrosa ; syn. (Botys) 4938 1403Pseudopyrausta Amsel, 1956marginalis Nacoleia) 1426santatalis ;Blepharomastix) 4939 1428valid ; valid (Pionea) 4940 1433PageBreaktexanalis Munroe & A. Blanchard, 1976; valid (Oenobotys) 4941 1434Triuncidia Munroe, 1976eupalusalis ; valid (Botys) 4942 1436Crocidophora Lederer, 1863Crocidosema Lederer, 1863Monocrocis Warren, 1895pustuliferalis Lederer, 1863; valid (Crocidophora) 4943serratissimalis Zeller, 1872; valid (Crocidophora) 4944subdentalis ; syn. (Botis) 4944tuberculalis Lederer, 1863; valid (Crocidophora) 4945Ostrinia H\u00fcbner, [1825]Micractis Warren, 1892Eupolemarcha Meyrick, 1937Zeaphagus Agenjo, 1952penitalis ; valid (Botys) 4946 1438nelumbialis ; syn. (Pyrausta) 4946 1438pyraustalis ; syn. (Tholeria) 4946 1438brasiliensisa.  Mutuura & Munroe, 1970Ostrinia) 1438ssp. extralimital ; ssp. extralimital (Pyrausta) 1438obumbratalis ; valid (Botys) 4947obliteralis ; syn. (Botys) 4947ainsliei ; syn. (Pyrausta) 4947marginalis ; valid (Scopula) 4948stenopteralis ; syn. (Botys) 4948nubilalis ; valid  4949silacealis ; syn.  4949glabralis Pyralis)appositalis Botys)paulalis Botis)fanalis Pyrausta)rubescens Pyrausta)insignis Pyrausta)margarita Pyrausta)flava Pyrausta)minor Pyrausta)fuscalis Pyrausta)mauretanicaa.  Mutuura & Munroe, 1970Ostrinia)ssp. extralimital ssp. extralimital ; valid (Ebulea) 4950PageBreakorasusalis ; syn. (Scopula) 4950badipennis ; syn. (Botis) 4950Perispasta Zeller, 1876caeculalis Zeller, 1876; valid (Perispasta) 4951 1439immixtalis Grote, 1881; syn. (Perispasta) 4951 1439Anania H\u00fcbner, 1823Palpita H\u00fcbner, 1806Phlyctaenia H\u00fcbner, 1825Eurrhypara H\u00fcbner, 1825Perinephela H\u00fcbner, 1825Polyctaenia H\u00fcbner, 1826Ennychia Treitschke, 1828Ebulea Doubleday, 1849Algedonia Lederer, 1863Opsibotys Warren, 1890Udonomeiga Mutuura, 1954Trichovalva Amsel, 1956Pronomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968Proteurrhypara Munroe & Mutuura, 1969Tenerobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971Mutuuraia Munroe, 1976Nealgedonia Munroe, 1976Ametasia M.O. Martin, 1986Ethiobotys Maes, 1997hortulata ; valid ) 4952urticata ; syn. ) 4952urticalis ; syn.  4952flavicauda Phalaena)?dissoluta Eurrhypara)minor Eurrhypara)crassipunctata Eurrhypara)tertialis Ebulea) 4953 1440syringicola ; syn. (Botys) 4953 1440plectilis Botys) 4953 1440tennesseensis Yang, 2012Anania)quebecensis ; valid (Phlyctaenia) 4954leuschneri ; valid (Phlyctaenia) 4955 1441extricalis ; valid (Botys) 4956intricatalis ; syn. (Botys) 4956oppilalis ; syn. (Botis) 4956dionalisa.  ; ssp. (Pionea) 4956nisoeecalis ; syn. (Spilodes) 4956beddeci ; syn. (Pyrausta) 4956PageBreakmysippusalis ; valid (Botys) 4957 1458humilalis ; syn. (Botys) 4957 1458funebris ;Phalaena (Geometra)) 4958valid extralimital ;Phalaena (Geometra)) 4958syn. extralimital Geometra)atralis ; syn. extralimital  4958guttalis ;Pyralis) 4958syn. extralimital ; syn. extralimital (Noctua) 4958octomaculalis ;Ennychia) 4958syn. emendation extralimital Ennychia)astrifera Ennychia)reducta Pionea)glomeralisa.  ; ssp. (Ennychia) 4958sabaudialisb.  Leraut, 1996Anania)labeculalis ; valid (Botis) 4959 1466Aponia Munroe, 1964aponianalis Pionea) 1478Hahncappsia Munroe, 1976fordi ; valid (Loxostege) 4960 1483alpinensis ; valid (Loxostege) 4961 1484marculenta ; valid (Botys) 4962 1485neomarculenta ; valid (Loxostege) 4963pseudobliteralis ; valid (Loxostege) 4964 1486neobliteralis ; valid (Loxostege) 4965jaralis ; valid (Phlyctaenodes) 4966 1487mancalis ; valid (Botys) 4967 1488pergilvalis ; valid (Botis) 4968 1489cochisensis ; valid (Loxostege) 4969 1490coloradensis ; valid (Botys) 4970 1491ramsdenalis ; valid (Phlyctaenodes) 4971 1492huachucalis ; valid (Loxostege) 4972 1493mellinialis ; valid (Epichronistis) 4973 1512phrixalis ; syn. (Phlyctaenodes) 4973 1512Achyra Guen\u00e9e, 1849Dosara Walker, 1859Eurycreon Lederer, 1863Tritaea Meyrick, 1884bifidalis ; valid  4974 1521centralis Phalaena)PageBreakinornatalis ; syn. (Phlyctaenodes) 4974 1521evanidalis ; syn. (Eurycreon) 4974 1521obsoletalis ; syn. (Eurycreon) 4974 1521orbitalis ;Phlyctaenodes) 1521syn. not Felder, Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875 ; syn. (Loxostege) 4974 1521rantalis ; valid (Nymphula) 4975 1526siriusalis ; syn. (Botys) 4975 1526licealis ; syn. (Botys) 4975 1526murcialis ; syn. (Ebulea) 4975 1526nestusalis ; syn. (Scopula) 4975 1526diotimealis ; syn. (Scopula) 4975 1526crinisalis ; syn. (Scopula) 4975 1526intractella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 4975 1526crinitalis ;Botys (Eurycreon)) 4975 1526syn. invalid emendation ; syn. (Botys) 4975 1526subfulvalis ; syn. (Botys) 4975 1526communis ; syn. (Botis) 4975 1526collucidalis ; syn. (Eurycreon) 4975 1526viscendalis ; syn. (Botys) 1526caffreii ; syn. (Pyrausta) 4975 1526occidentalis ; valid (Scopula) 4976 1527Neohelvibotys Munroe, 1976neohelvialis ; valid (Loxostege) 4977 1532arizonensis ; valid (Loxostege) 4978 1531polingi ; valid (Loxostege) 4979 1534Helvibotys Munroe, 1976helvialis ; valid (Spilodes) 4980 1539thycesalis ; syn. (Botys) 4980 1539apertalis ; syn. (Botys) 4980 1539citrina ; syn. (Botys) 4980 1539harpalis ; syn. (Botys) 1539pseudohelvialis ; valid (Loxostege) 4981 1540freemani Munroe, 1976; valid (Helvibotys) 4982 1541pucilla ; valid (Filodes) 4984 1542subcostalis ; syn. (Lygropia) 4983 1542Sitochroa H\u00fcbner, [1825]Spilodes Guen\u00e9e, 1849aureolalis ; valid (Eurycreon) 4985 1544cyralis ; syn. (Pyrausta) 4985 1544palealis Pyralis)valid introduced ; syn. stigmatalis ; syn. selenalis ; syn. algiralis ; syn. (Spilodes)anaxisalisa.  ; ssp. extralimital (Botys)extremalisb.  ; ssp. extralimital (Loxostege)dasconalis ; valid (Spilodes) 4986 1545chortalis ; valid (Eurycreon) 4987Arenochroa Munroe, 1976flavalis ; valid (Loxostege) 4988 1546unipunctalis ; syn. (Loxostege) 4988 1546Xanthostege Munroe, 1976roseiterminalis ;Loxostege) 4989 1547valid ; valid (Prothyma) 4990 1548Sericoplaga Warren, 1892externalis Warren, 1892; valid (Sericoplaga) 4991 1564maclurae ; syn. (Loxostege) 4991 1564Uresiphita H\u00fcbner, [1825]Uresiphoeta Agassiz, [1847]Mecyna Guen\u00e9e, 1854; preocc. Doubleday, 1849reversalis ; valid (Mecyna) 4992 1565hilaralis ; syn. (Botys) 1565Paracorsia Marion, 1959repandalis Pyralis)valid introduced ; syn. Loxostege H\u00fcbner, [1825]Leimonia H\u00fcbner, [1825]Margaritia Stephens, 1827Boreophila Duponchel, [1845]Cosmocrean Warren, 1892Maroa Barnes & McDunnough, 1914Polingia Barnes & McDunnough, 1914Meridiophila Marion, 1963Parasitochroa Hannemann, 1964albiceralis ; valid (Botis) 4993 1566floridalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1913; valid (Loxostege) 4994 1567lepidalis ; valid (Prorasea) 4995 1568indentalis ; valid (Prorasea) 4996 1569kearfottalis Walter, 1928; valid (Loxostege) 4997 1570terpnalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1918; valid (Loxostege) 4998unicoloralis ; valid (Maroa) 4999 1571PageBreakallectalis ; valid (Botis) 5000 1572perplexalis ; syn. (Eurycreon) 5000 1572typhonalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914; valid (Loxostege) 5001 1573oberthuralis Fernald, 1894; valid (Loxostege) 5002 1574egregialis Munroe, 1976; valid (Loxostege) 5003 1575sticticalis ; valid  5004 1576lupulina ; syn. preocc. by L., 1758  5004 1576miana PhalaenaTortrix)fuscalis ;Pyralis) 5004 1576syn. preocc. by D. & S., 1775 Pyralis)tetragonalis ; syn.  5004 1576lupulinalis ; syn. emendation, part (Botys) 5004 1576tenebrosaa.  Caradja, 1939Loxostege)mojavealis Capps, 1967; valid (Loxostege) 5005kingi Munroe, 1976; valid (Loxostege) 5006annaphilalis ; valid (Botis) 5007immerens ; valid (Annaphila) 5008 1578triumphalis Grote, 1902; syn. (Loxostege) 5008 1578quaestoralis ; valid (Polingia) 5009 1579anartalis ; valid (Eurycreon) 5010lulualisa.  ; ssp. (Botis) 5010albertalisb.  Barnes & McDunnough, 1918;Loxostege) 5010ssp.  5010ssp.  5010ephippialis ; valid (Botys) 5011dubitaria ; syn. (Psodos) 5011scandinavialis ; syn. (Boreophila) 5011frigidalis ; syn. (Boreophila) 5011thallophilalis ; valid (Botis) 5012thrallophilalis Hulst, 1886;Loxostege) 5012incorrect original spelling ; syn. (Noctuelia) 5012brunneitincta Munroe, 1976; valid (Loxostege) 5013offumalis ; valid (Botis) 5014 1580sierralis Munroe, 1976; valid (Loxostege) 5015internationalisa.  Munroe, 1976; ssp. (Loxostege) 5015tularealisb.  Munroe, 1976; ssp. (Loxostege) 5015sanpetealisc.  Munroe, 1976; ssp. (Loxostege) 5015commixtalis ; valid (Scopula) 5016indotatellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5016PageBreakseptentrionalis ; syn. (Botys) 5016cereralis ; valid (Eurycreon (Spilodes)) 5017 1581Pyrausta Schrank, 1802Botys Latreille, 1802Heliaca H\u00fcbner, 1806Haematia H\u00fcbner, 1818Pyraustes Billberg, 1820; emendationBotis Swainson, 1821; emendationHeliaca H\u00fcbner, 1822Tholeria H\u00fcbner, 1823Porphyritis H\u00fcbner, [1825]Syllythria H\u00fcbner, [1825]Panstegia H\u00fcbner, [1825]Perilypa H\u00fcbner, [1825]Ostreophena Sodoffsky, 1837;Botis Swainson, 1821repl. name for Rhodaria Duponchel, 1844Herbula Guen\u00e9e, 1854Synchromia Guen\u00e9e, 1854Cindaphia Lederer, 1863Proteroeca Meyrick, 1884Sciorista Warren, 1890Autocosmia Warren, 1892Aplographe Warren, 1892Anthocrypta Warren, 1892Hyaloscia Dognin, 1908Trigonuncus Amsel, 1952Mardinia Amsel, 1952Rattana Rose & Pajni, 1979demantrialis ; valid (Blepharomastix) 5018 1591atrisquamalis Dognin, 1905; syn. (Pyrausta) 1591monotonigra Amsel, 1956; syn. (Pyrausta) 5018 1591nexalis ; valid (Botis) 5019 1593concinna ; syn. (Autocosmia) 5019 1593sartoralis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914; valid (Pyrausta) 5020 1594roseivestalis Munroe, 1976; valid (Pyrausta) 5021 1595zonalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1918; valid (Pyrausta) 5022 1596napaealis ; valid (Paraedis) 5023 1597linealis ; valid (Loxostege) 5024 1598ochreicostalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1918; valid (Pyrausta) 5025 1599pilatealis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914; valid (Pyrausta) 5026 1600lethalis ; valid (Botis) 5027 1601corinthalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914; valid (Pyrausta) 5028 1602PageBreakvolupialis ; valid (Botis) 5029 1603morenalis ; valid (Metasia) 5030 1605atropurpuralis ; valid (Botis) 5031 1607nicalis ; valid (Stemmatophora) 5032uxorculalis ; syn. (Botis) 5032subnicalis ; syn. (Syllythria) 5032grotei Munroe, 1976; valid repl. name (Pyrausta) 5033 1609augustalis ; syn. preocc. by Felder,Botys) 5033 1609Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875 ; valid (Rhodaria) 5034 1612vinulenta ;Botys) 5034 1612syn. repl. name Botys)pythialis Barnes & McDunnough, 1918; valid (Pyrausta) 5035inveterascalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1918; valid (Pyrausta) 5036inornatalis ; valid (Botis) 5037rosa ; syn. (Syllythria) 5037shirleyae Munroe, 1976; valid (Pyrausta) 5038coccinea Warren, 1892; valid (Pyrausta) 5039bicoloralis ; valid (Asopia) 5040augustalis ; valid (Botys) 5041 1621onythesalis ; valid (Botys) 5042 1627pseudonythesalis Munroe, 1976; valid (Pyrausta) 5043 1628insignitalis ; valid (Rhodaria) 5044 1629eratalis ; syn. (Botys) 1629largalis ; syn. (Asopia) 1629ordinatalis ; syn. (Scopula) 1629aurea ; valid (Pachyzancla) 5045 1632flavibrunnea Hampson, 1913; valid (Pyrausta) 5046 1639klotsi Munroe, 1976; valid (Pyrausta) 5047 1641flavofascialis ; valid (Botis) 5048 1643cardinalis Synchromia) 1646phoenicealis (H\u00fcbner) 1818; valid (Haematia) 5049 1649flegialis ; syn. (Rhodaria) 5049 1649noraxalis ; syn. (Rhodaria) 5049 1649panopealis ; valid (Rhodaria) 5050 1650coecilialis ; syn. (Botys) 5050 1650probalis ; syn. (Rhodaria) 5050 1650ocellusalis ; syn. (Rhodaria) 5050 1650catenalis ; syn. (Rhodaria) 5050 1650juncturalis ; syn. (Rhodaria) 5050 1650concatenalis ; syn. (Rhodaria) 5050 1650heliamma ; syn. (Myriostephes) 5050 1650PageBreakrubricalis ; valid  5051nescalis ; syn. (Rhodaria) 5051similalis ; syn. (Botys) 5051californicalis ; valid (Botys) 5052 1652sierranalisa.  Munroe, 1976; ssp. (Pyrausta) 5052pseuderosnealis Munroe, 1976; valid (Pyrausta) 5053 1655dapalis ; valid (Botis) 5054 1656homonymalis Munroe, 1976; valid repl. name (Pyrausta) 5055submarginalis ;Herbula?) 5055syn. preocc. by Walker, [1866] ; valid (Botys) 5056 1657subgenerosa Munroe, 1976; valid (Pyrausta) 5057orphisalis Walker, 1859; valid (Pyrausta) 5058 1658ochosalis Dyar, 1903; syn. (Pyrausta) 5058 1658tuolumnalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1918; valid (Pyrausta) 5059insequalis Herbula) 5060 1659subsequalis ; syn. (Herbula) 5060 1659madetesalis ; syn. (Isopteryx) 5060 1659repletalis ; syn. (Herbula) 5060 1659efficitalis ; syn. (Herbula?) 5060 1659graminalis ; syn. (Botys) 5060 1659matronalis ; syn. (Botis) 5060 1659borealis Druce, 1895;Pyrausta) 1659syn. part, not Packard, 1867  5060 1659fascetalisb.  ; ssp. extralimital (Botis) 1659cespitalis Berg, 1875;Pyrausta) 1659syn. not D. & S., 1875 extralimital  5060borealis Packard, 1867Pyrausta) 5060tatalis ; valid (Botis) 5061 1662retidiscalis Munroe, 1976; valid (Pyrausta) 5062 1666andrei Munroe, 1976; valid (Pyrausta) 5063 1667perrubralis ; valid (Botys) 5064 1676saanichalisa.  Munroe, 1951; ssp. (Pyrausta) 5064shastanalisb.  Munroe, 1976; ssp. (Pyrausta) 5064 1676scurralis ; valid (Botis) 5065 1677postrubralis Hampson, 1899; syn. (Pyrausta) 5065 1677awemealisa.  Munroe, 1976; ssp. (Pyrausta) 5065arizonicalis Munroe, 1976; valid (Pyrausta) 5066arizonensis Munroe, 1976;Pyrausta) 5066syn. preocc. by Munroe, 1957 ; valid (Botys) 5067 1679PageBreakunifascialis ; valid (Botys) 5068 1682obnigralis ; syn. (Botis) 5068 1682subolivalisa.  ; ssp. (Botys) 5068hircinalis ; syn. (Botis) 5068rindgeib.  Munroe, 1957; ssp. (Pyrausta) 5068 1682arizonensisc.  Munroe, 1957; ssp. (Pyrausta) 5068 1682tyralis ; valid (Rhodaria) 5069 1686erosnealis Walker, 1859; syn. variety (Pyrausta) 5069 1686agathalis ; syn. (Rhodaria) 5069 1686diffissa ; syn. (Botys) 5069 1686bellulalis ; syn. (Botis) 5069 1686idessa ; syn. (Syllythria) 5069 1686laticlavia ; valid (Botys) 5070 1687cinerosa ; syn. form (Botys) 5070 1687acrionalis ; valid (Rhodaria) 5071 1688acuphisalis ; syn. (Rhodaria) 5071 1688proceralis ; syn. (Botys) 5071 1688rubicundalis ;Botys) 5071 1688unavailable name published in synonomy  5071 1688haruspica ; syn. (Botys) 5071 1688rufifimbrialis ; syn. (Botis) 5071 1688obtusanalis Druce, 1899; valid (Pyrausta) 5072 1689niveicilialis ; valid (Botis) 5073fodinalis ; valid (Botys) 5074monticolaa.  Munroe, 1976; ssp. (Pyrausta) 5074septentrionicolab.  Munroe, 1976; ssp. (Pyrausta) 5074socialis ; valid (Botis) 5075perpallidalisa.  Munroe, 1976; ssp. (Pyrausta) 5075antisocialis Munroe, 1976; valid (Pyrausta) 5076 1690Hyalorista Warren, 1892Pyraustopsis Amsel, 1956taeniolalis ; valid (Rhodaria) 5077 1713directalis ; syn. (Rhodaria) 1713Portentomorpha Amsel, 1956Apoecetes Munroe, 1956xanthialis ; valid (Botys) 5078 1717superbalis ; syn. (Botys) 5078 1717incalis ; syn. (Botys) 5078 1717rosealis ; syn. (Botys) 5078 1717Daulia Walker, 1859Girtexta Swinhoe, 1890magdalena ; valid (Botys) 5295 2993PageBreakarizonensis Munroe, 1957; valid (Daulia) 5296 2994Ecpyrrhorrhoe H\u00fcbner, [1825]Harpadispar Agenjo, 1952Pyraustegia Marion, 1963Yezobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969puralis Pionea)SpilomelinaePhaedropsis Warren, 1890Trichognathos Amsel, 1956chromalis ; valid (Asopia) 5246 1724principialis Botys) 5246 1725stictigramma ; valid (Sylepta) 5247 1730Diastictis H\u00fcbner, 1818Anomostictis Warren, 1892argyralis H\u00fcbner, 1818; valid (Diastictis) 5253 1743pseudargyralis Munroe, 1956; valid (Diastictis) 5254 1744ventralis ; valid (Botis) 5255 1745seamansia.  Munroe, 1956; ssp. (Diastictis) 5255fracturalis ; valid (Botis) 5256 1746holguinalis Munroe, 1956; valid (Diastictis) 5257 1747viridescens Munroe, 1956; valid (Diastictis) 5258 1749robustior Munroe, 1956; valid (Diastictis) 5259 1750sperryorum Munroe, 1956; valid (Diastictis) 5260 1751caecalis ; valid (Anomostictis) 5261Framinghamia Strand, 1920helvalis ; valid (Pionea) 5262oscitalis ; syn. (Botis) 5262gyralis ; syn. (Botis) 5262botys Strand, 1920; syn. (Framinghamia) 5262Lygropia Lederer, 1863Hyperthalia Warren, 1896fusalis Hampson, 1904Lygropia) 1775hampsoni ; syn. (Nacoleia) 1775tripunctata ; valid  5248 1758campalis ; syn. (Botys) 5248 1758cubanalis ; syn. (Botys) 5248 1758memmialis Botys) 5248 1759plumbicostalis ; valid (Botys) 5249 1760rivulalis Hampson, 1899Lygropia) 5250nymphulalis ; syn. (Blepharomastix) 5250octonalis Orobena) 5251 1781sexmaculalis ; syn. (Botis) 5251 1781Lypotigris H\u00fcbner, [1825]reginalis ; valid  5252 1784PageBreakMicrothyris Lederer, 1863Crossophora M\u00f6schler, 1890; preocc. by Meyrick, 1883Cyclocena M\u00f6schler, 1890anormalis ; valid (Botys) 5263 1787helcitalis ; syn. (Botys) 5263 1787orphnealis ; syn. (Botys) 5263 1787dracusalis ; syn. (Botys) 5263 1787subaequalis ; syn. (Botys) 5263 1787prolongalis ; valid (Botys) 5264 1790sectalis ; syn. (Botys) 5264 1790eurytalis ; syn. (Botys) 5264 1790agenoralis ; syn. (Botys) 5264 1790lelex Phalaena) 2991flexalis ; syn. (Botis) 2991janiralis ; syn. (Botys) 2991gestatalis ; syn. (Cyclocena) 2991foviferalis ; syn.  2991Pantographa Lederer, 1863limata Grote & Robinson, 1867; valid (Pantographa) 5241 1797suffusalis Druce, 1895Pantographa) 1799Phostria H\u00fcbner, [1819]Vatica Walker, 1869Plectroctena Snellen, 1881Condega Moore, 1886Saroscelis Meyrick, 1894Plectrona Snellen, 1895Hoplisa Snellen, 1899Oedematarcha Swinhoe, 1900Parbokla Swinhoe, 1900Antennodes Swinhoe, 1906tedea ; valid  5265 1805oajacalis ; valid (Botys?) 5266 1806pelialis ; syn. (Botys) 5266 1806Pleuroptya Meyrick, 1890Loxoscia Warren, 1890silicalis ; valid (Botys) 5243 1840cypraealis ; syn. (Botys) 5243 1840sublutalis Condylorrhiza)sublutalis ; syn.  5243 1840penumbralis Sylepta) 5242 1840fluctuosalis ; syn. (Sylepta) 1840Syllepte H\u00fcbner, 1823Sylepta H\u00fcbner, [1825]Epherema Snellen, 1892PageBreakArthriobasis Warren, 1896Polycorys Warren, 1896Haliotigris Warren, 1896Nothosalbia Swinhoe, 1900Haitufa Swinhoe, 1900Neomabra Dognin, 1905Troctoceras Dognin, 1905Subhedylepta Strand, 1918diacymalis Hampson, 1912Syllepte) 5245 1860Cryptobotys Munroe, 1956zoilusalis ; valid (Botys) 5282 1879hilaralis ; syn. (Botys) 1879micromphalis ; syn. (Syngamia) 1879masculinalis ;Sylepta) 5282 1879syn. ; valid  5272 1883detritalis ; syn. (Botys) 5272 1883lycialis ; syn. (Botys) 5272 1883philealis ; syn. (Botys) 5272 1883terricolalis ; syn. (Botys) 1883repetitalis ; syn. (Botys) 5272 1883simplex Warren, 1892Herpetogramma)?fluctuosalis Botys) 5244 1881ipomoealis Pachyzancla) 5273 1881phaeopteralis ; valid (Botys) 5274 1896vecordalis ; syn. (Botys) 5274 1896vestalis ; syn. (Botys) 5274 1896neloalis Botys)otreusalis Botys)triarialis Botys)additalis ; syn. (Botys) 5274 1896plebejalis ; syn. (Botys) 5274 1896cellatalis ; syn. (Botys) 5274 1896PageBreakinhonestalis Botys)tridentalis Botys)communalis ; syn. (Botys) 1896intricatalis ;Botys) 1896syn. preocc. by  Acharana)pertextalis ; valid (Botys) 5275thesealis ;Botis) 5275syn. part, not Lederer, 1863 ; syn. (Botis) 5275abdominalis ; valid (Botis) 5276Botis) 5276fissalis ; syn. ; valid (Botys) 5277magistralis ; syn. (Botis) 5277gulosalis ; syn. (Botis) 5277centrostrigalis Margaritia) 5278theseusalis ; valid (Botys) 5279feudalis ; syn. (Botis) 5279aeglealis ; valid (Botys) 5280quinquelinealis ; syn. (Botis) 5280sphingealis Handfield & Handfield, 2011Herpetogramma)valid Isopteryx) 5187 1937medealis ; syn. (Samea) 5187 1937belusalis ; syn. (Botys) 5187 1937curtalis ; syn. (Asopia) 5187 1937decostalis Isopteryx) 1919melicertalis ; syn. (Samea) 1919perseusalis ; syn. (Zebronia) 1919appialis Snellen, 1875; syn. (Hileithia) 1919aplicalis Isopteryx) 5188 1936xeniolalis ; syn. (Isopteryx) 5188 1936rehamalis Bocchoris) 5189 1932differentialis Bocchoris) 5190 1926Pilocrocis Lederer, 1863Anisoctena Meyrick, 1894ramentalis Lederer, 1863; valid (Pilocrocis) 5281 1940perfuscalis ; syn. (Zinckenia) 5281 1940Choristostigma Warren, 1892Namangania Amsel, 1952plumbosignalis ; valid (Botis) 5128zephyralis ; valid (Diasemia) 5129 1972PageBreakroseopennalis ; valid (Botis) 5130 1973perpulchralis ; valid (Ischnurges) 5131 1974chromophila ; syn. (Ischnurges) 5131 1974microchroia ; syn. (Ischnurges) 5131 1974elegantalis Warren, 1892; valid (Choristostigma) 5132 1975argalis ; syn. (Metasia) 5132 1975disputalis ; valid (Diasemia) 5133 1976leucosalis ; valid (Diasemia) 5134 1978Geshna Dyar, 1906cannalis ; valid (Hydrocampa) 5126 1980Hydriris Meyrick, 1885Spanista Lederer, 1863; preocc. by Foerster, 1862Antiercta Amsel, 1956; repl. nameornatalis ; valid (Asopia) 5127 1982saturnalis ; syn. (Nymphula) 5127 1982deciusalis ; syn.  5127 1982invenustalis ; syn. (Botys) 5127 1982fraterna ; syn. (Cataclysta) 5127 1982pulchellalis Stenia)bifascialis ; syn. (Nymphula) 5127 1982orientalis Ercta)Lineodes Guen\u00e9e, 1854Scoptonoma Zeller, 1873Ciraphorus Dyar, 1910fontella Walsingham, 1913; valid (Lineodes) 5106 1993integra ; valid (Scoptonoma) 5107 1999interrupta ; valid (Scoptonoma) 5108triangulalis M\u00f6schler, 1890Lineodes) 5109 1989cyclophora Hampson, 1913; syn. (Lineodes) 1989elcodes Ciraphorus) 1991multisignalis Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1868Lineodes) 2006vulnifica Dyar, 1913Lineodes) 2016Atomopteryx Walsingham, 1891Stenoptycha Zeller, 1863; preocc. by Agassiz, 1862Zellerina Torre y Callejas, 1958solanalis ;Stenoptycha) 5110 2022valid  5103 2029victoriae Dyar, 1923; valid (Lamprosema) 5104 2032sinaloanensis Dyar, 1923; valid (Lamprosema) 5105 2033baracoalis Schaus, 1920Lamprosema) 2045PageBreakNeoleucinodes Capps, 1948prophetica ; valid (Leucinodes) 5102 2060minimalis ; syn. (Leucinodes) 2060torvis Capps, 1948Neoleucinodes) 2061pusilla ; syn. (Leucinodes) 2061Udea Guen\u00e9e, [1845]Stantira Walker, 1863Melanomecyna Butler, 1883Mnesictena Meyrick, 1884Protocolletis Meyrick, 1888Protaulacistis Meyrick, 1899Notophytis Meyrick, 1932rubigalis ; valid (Scopula) 5079 2122oblunalis ; syn. (Botys) 5079 2122harveyana ; syn. (Botis) 5079 2122profundalis ; valid (Botis) 5080 2123washingtonalis ; valid (Botis) 5081invinctalis ; syn. (Botis) 5081hollandia.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5081nomensisb.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5081pribilofensisc.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5081octosignalis ; valid (Botis) 5082 2124straminea ; syn. (Ebulea) 5082 2124vacunalis ; valid (Botis) 5083 2125galactalis ; syn. (Pyrausta) 5083 2125torvalis ; valid (Botys) 5084gelida ; syn. (Scoparia) 5084alaskalis ; valid (Diasemia) 5085inquinatalis ; valid (Scopula) 5086glacialis ; syn. (Botys) 5086albinalis Pionea)rusticalis ;Phlyctaenia) 5087valid ; valid (Phlyctaenia) 5088berberalis ;Phlyctaenia) 5089 2127valid  5090johnstonia.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5090sheppardi ; valid (Phlyctaenia) 5091saxifragae ; valid (Phlyctaenia) 5092brevipalpis Munroe, 1966; valid (Udea) 5093cacuminicola Munroe, 1966; valid (Udea) 5094beringialis Munroe, 1966; valid (Udea) 5095PageBreakderasa Munroe, 1966; valid (Udea) 5096livida Munroe, 1966; valid (Udea) 5097turmalis ; valid (Botis) 5098 2128catronalisa.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5098tularensisb.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5098griseorc.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5098itysalis ; valid (Scoparia) 5099variegata ; syn. (Stantira) 5099hyperborealis ; syn. (Botys) 5099similissima Pionea)mertensialisa.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5099tillialisb.  ; ssp. (Phlyctaenia) 5099rindgeorumc.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5099kodiakensisd.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5099albimontanalise.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5099durangof.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5099wasatchensisg.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5099clarkensish.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5099marinensisi.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5099abstrusa Munroe, 1966; valid (Udea) 5100subarcticaa.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5100cordilleralisb.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5100pullmanensisc.  Munroe, 1966; ssp. (Udea) 5100radiosalis ; valid (Botys) 5101aenigmatica Platytes)Anageshna Munroe, 1956primordialis ; valid (Geshna) 5176 2134vividiora.  Munroe, 1956; ssp. (Anageshna) 5176pallidiorb.  Munroe, 1956; ssp. (Anageshna) 5176Apogeshna Munroe, 1956Euvalva Amsel, 1956stenialis ; valid (Isopteryx) 5177 2136australis ; syn. (Hydrocampa) 2136Blepharomastix Lederer, 1863Sozoa Walker, [1866]Ichthyoptila Meyrick, 1936ranalis ; valid (Stenia) 5182 2138archasialis ; syn. (Asopia) 5182 2138ofellusalis ; syn. (Botys) 5182 2138olliusalis ; syn. (Botys) 5182 2138strictalis ; syn. (Botys) 5182 2138gracilis ; syn. (Botys) 5182 2138datisalis Druce, 1895Blepharomastix) 5182 2138occidentalis Haimbach, 1908; syn. (Blepharomastix) 5182 2138PageBreakpseudoranalis ;Pyrausta) 5183 2139valid Pyrausta) 5184valid Pyrausta) 5185 2217haedulalis Botis) 5186 2218astigmalis ; syn. (Nomophila) 2218irregulalis ; syn. (Nomophila) 2218schistisemalis Nacoleia) 5191 2215Desmia Westwood, 1832Aediodes Guen\u00e9e, 1854Hyalitis Guen\u00e9e, 1854Arna Walker, 1856; preocc. by Walker, 1855funeralis ; valid  5159 2245maculalis Westwood, 1832; valid (Desmia) 5160 2246subdivisalis Grote, 1871; valid (Desmia) 5161 2247nominabilis E. Hering, 1906; syn. (Desmia) 5161 2247ufeus ; valid  5162 2298orbalis ; syn. (Aediodes) 5162 2298ufealis Hyalitis)prognealis Walker, 1859; syn. (Desmia) 5162 2298bulisalis Walker, 1859; syn. (Desmia) 5162 2298divisalis Walker, [1866]Desmia?) 5163 2298viduatalis M\u00f6schler, 1890; syn. (Desmia) 2298tages ; valid  5164 2293tagesalis ; syn. emendation  5164 2293sertorialis Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1871; syn. (Desmia) 2293stenizonalis Hampson, 1912; valid (Desmia) 5165 2290deploralis Hampson, 1912; valid (Desmia) 5166 2237ploralis ; valid (Aediodes) 5167 2280propinqualis M\u00f6schler, 1880Desmia) 5164 2280repandalis Schaus, 1920; syn. (Desmia) 2280desmialis ; valid (Ercta) 5168 2238kaeberalis ; syn. (Hymenia) 5168 2238Diasemiodes Munroe, 1957janassialis ; valid (Desmia) 5172 2304hariolalis ; syn. (Botis) 5172 2304nigralis ; valid (Pyrausta) 5173 2303eudamidasalis Ischnurges) 5193 2306Diasemiopsis Munroe, 1957leodocusalis ; valid (Lineodes) 5171 2307Diathrausta Lederer, 1863Tripodaula Meyrick, 1933reconditalis ; valid (Hymenia) 5174PageBreakminualis ; syn. (Aediodes) 5174octomaculalis Fernald, 1887; syn. (Diathrausta) 5174harlequinalis Dyar, 1913; valid (Diathrausta) 5175 2312montanaa.  Haimbach, 1915; ssp. (Diathrausta) 5175amaurab.  Munroe, 1956; ssp. (Diathrausta) 5175lautac.  Munroe, 1956; ssp. (Diathrausta) 5175 2312Ercta Walker, 1859vittata ; valid  5111 2319hemialis ; syn. (Stenia) 5111 2319tipulalis Walker, 1859; syn. (Ercta) 5111 2319torquillalis ; syn. (Euclasta) 2319valsaynalis ; syn. (Lineodes) 2319Hymenia H\u00fcbner, [1825]Zinckenia Zeller, 1852perspectalis ; valid  5169 2321primordialis Zinckenia)exportalis Spoladea)phrasiusalis Walker, 1859; syn. (Hymenia) 5169 2321rhinthonalis Desmia)spilotalis Spoladea)Spoladea Guen\u00e9e, 1854recurvalis ; valid  5170 2322fascialis Phalaena )angustalis Phalaena)recurvella ; syn. emendation (Phycis) 2322diffascialis Hymenia)albifacialis Hydrocampa)animalis Guen\u00e9e, 1854; syn. (Spoladea) 5170 2322exodias Hymenia)ancylosema ; syn. (Nacoleia) 2322formosana Odezia)Loxostegopsis Dyar, 1917polle Dyar, 1917; valid (Loxostegopsis) 5115 2323xanthocrypta ; valid (Pyrausta) 5116 2325merrickalis ; valid (Pyrausta) 5117emigralis ; valid (Pyrausta) 5118 2326curialis Barnes & McDunnough, 1918; valid (Loxostegopsis) 5119 2327Nacoleia Walker, 1859Semioceros Meyrick, 1884Aplomastix Warren, 1890Orthocona Warren, 1896charesalis Botys)molusalis ; syn. (Botys)PageBreakvetustalis ; syn. (Lampridia)argillitis ; syn. (Sylepta)delhommealis ; syn. (Psara)Penestola M\u00f6schler, 1890bufalis ; valid (Stenia) 5179 2328plebeialis ;Botys) 2328syn. preocc. by Lederer, 1863  5179 2328simplicialis ;Piletocera) 5180 2330valid canuisalis ; syn. (Stenia)eanuisalis Milli\u00e8re, 1869; syn. (Duponchelia?) misspelling?griseata ; syn. (Hymenia)uniflexalis ; syn. (Stenia)komiensis ; syn. (Decticogaster)floeschlalis Legrand, 1965; syn. (Duponchelia)Steniodes Snellen, 1875Heringia Hedemann, 1894; preocc. by Rondani, 1856Heringiella Berg, 1898; repl. nameScaeocerandra Meyrick, 1936mendica ; valid (Heringia) 5178 2348indianalis ; syn. (Stenia) 5178 2348ceddalis ; syn. (Stenia) 2348Antigastra Lederer, 1863catalaunalis ; valid (Botys) 5181 2375venosalis ; syn. (Botys) 5181 2375sionensis Caradja, 1929;Antigastra) 2375syn. infrasubsp. female ; valid (Botis) 5200 2379Condylorrhiza Lederer, 1863vestigialis ; valid (Botyodes) 5215 2380illutalis ; syn. (Botys) 2380tritealis ; syn. (Botys) 5215 2380mestoralis ; syn. (Botys) 5215 2380oratalis ; syn. (Eudioptis) 5215 2380syleptalis ; syn. (Agathodes) 2380Diaphania H\u00fcbner, 1818Eudioptis H\u00fcbner, 1823Diaphania Stephens, 1829; preocc. H\u00fcbner, 1818Phakellura Guilding, 1830PageBreakPhacellura Agassiz, [1847]; emendationSestia Snellen, 1875olealis ;Eudioptis) 5201 2387valid ; valid  5202 2383vitralis H\u00fcbner, 1818; syn. (Diaphania) 5202 2383arguta ; valid (Phacellura) 5203 2410hyalinata ; valid  5204 2434marginalis ; syn.  5204 2434lucernalis ; syn.  5204 2434hyalinatalis ;Phakellura) 5204 2434syn. emendation ; syn.  5204 2434modialis ; valid (Glyphodes) 5205 2418infimalis ; valid (Phakellura) 5206 2419indica ; valid (Eudioptes) 5207 2432hyalinalis ;hyalinata L., 1767, emend. misident. (Botys) 5207 2432syn. not capensis ; syn. (Eudioptis) 5207 2432gazorialis ; syn. (Phakellura) 5207 2432zygaenalis ; syn. (Phakellura) 5207 2432cucurbitalis ; syn. (Phakellura) 5207 2432intermedialis Glyphodes)lualis ; valid (Botys) 5208 2393costata Phalaena) 5216 2458aurocostalis ; syn. (Margarodes) 5216 2458imitalis ; syn. (Margarodes) 2458Glyphodes Guen\u00e9e, 1854Caloptychia H\u00fcbner, 1825Dysallacta Lederer, 1863Morocosma Lederer, 1863pyloalis Walker, 1859; valid (Glyphodes) 5197 2478sylpharis Butler, 1878; syn. (Glyphodes) 5197 2478sibillalis Walker, 1859; valid (Glyphodes) 5198 2479impuralis ; syn. (Botys) 2479batesi Felder, Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875Glyphodes) 2479syn. berlandia.  Munroe, 1956; ssp. extralimital (Glyphodes) 2479floridalis ; valid (Marasmia) 5199 2480onychinalis Asopia)braurealis ; syn. not checked (Zebronia)astomalis  1875;Lepyrodes)syn. ; valid  5209 2495canastralis ;Margaronia) 5209 2495syn. repl. name  5209 2495Leucochroma Guen\u00e9e, 1854corope ; valid  5210 2498splendidalis ; syn.  5210 2498corrivalis ; syn. repl. name (Epipagis) 5210 2498coropealis Guen\u00e9e, 1854;Leucochroma) 2498syn. emendation ; syn. (Botys) 5210 2498minoralis Warren, 1889; syn. (Leucochroma) 5210 2498Maruca Walker, 1859Siriocauta Lederer, 1863vitrata Phalaena) 2504testulalis Crochiphora) 2504aquitilis ; syn. (Hydrocampe) 2504bifenestralis ; syn. (Botys) 2504simialalis Siriocauta)Omiodes Guen\u00e9e, 1854Lonchodes Guen\u00e9e, 1854; preocc. by Gray, 1835Spargeta Lederer, 1863Coenostola Lederer, 1863Hedylepta Lederer, 1863Deba Walker, [1866]Phycidicera Snellen, [1880]Pelecyntis Meyrick, 1884Charema Moore, 1888Loxocreon Warren, 1892Merotoma Meyrick, 1894indicata Phalaena) 5212 2506vulgalis ; syn. (Asopia) 5212 2506sabalis ; syn. (Botys) 5212 2506moeliusalis ; syn. (Botys) 5212 2506connexalis ; syn. (Botys) 5212 2506reductalis ; syn. (Botys) 5212 2506dolosalis ; syn. (Botys) 2506dnopheralis Mabille, 1900Omiodes)lionnetalis Psara)rufescens ; valid (Pilocrocis) 5213 2510miamialis ; syn. (Sylepta) 5213 2510stigmosalis ; valid (Boeotarcha) 5214 2511exogrammalis Boeotarcha) 2511PageBreakmartyralis Coenostola) 2524vulpina ; syn. (Hedylepta) 2524cervinalis Amsel, 1956; syn. (Omiodes) 2520simialis Guen\u00e9e, 1854; valid (Omiodes) 5211 2527jasonalis ; syn. (Botys) 5211 2527orontesalis ; syn. (Botys) 5211 2527eruptalis ; syn. (Coenostola) 5211 2527Palpita H\u00fcbner, [1808]Hapalia H\u00fcbner, 1818Conchia H\u00fcbner, 1821Margaronia H\u00fcbner, [1825]Paradosis Zeller, 1852Margarodes Guen\u00e9e, 1854; preocc. by Guilding, 1829Tobata Walker, 1859Sarothronota Lederer, 1863Sebunta Walker, 1863Ledereria Marschall, 1873; repl. nameSylora Swinhoe, 1900Hvidodes Swinhoe, 1900; repl. nameApyrausta Amsel, 1951flegia ; valid  5217 2552virginalis ; syn. repl. name (Margaronia) 5217 2552flegialis ; syn. emendation  5217 2552villosalis ; syn. (Paradosis) 5217 2552phantasmalis ; syn. (Margarodes) 5217 2552flegyalis ; syn. emendation (Margarodes) 2552quadristigmalis ; valid (Margarodes) 5218 2560persimilis Munroe, 1959Palpita) 2561kimballi Munroe, 1959; valid  5219 2557atrisquamalis ; valid (Glyphodes) 5220 2544gracilalis ;Botis) 5220 2544syn. preocc. by   5221arsaltealis ; valid (Botys) 5222illibalis ; valid  5223 2542euphaesalis Botys) 5224 2542subjectalis ;euphaesalis  (Botys) 5224 2542syn. repl. name for maritima Sullivan & Solis 2013Palpita)freemanalis Munroe, 1952; valid  5225 2543magniferalis ; valid (Botys) 5226fascialis ; syn. (Scoparia) 5226guttulosa ; syn. (Sebunta) 5226PageBreakaenescentalis Munroe, 1952; valid  5227Synclera Lederer, 1863jarbusalis ; valid (Samea) 5196 2581cottalis ; syn. (Zebronia) 5196 2581Agathodes Guen\u00e9e, 1854Stenurges Lederer, 1863designalis Guen\u00e9e, 1854; valid (Agathodes) 5240 2583monstralisa.  Guen\u00e9e, 1854; ssp. (Agathodes) 5240 2583floridalis ; syn. (Stenurges) 5240 2583Azochis Walker, 1859Catacteniza M\u00f6schler, 1890rufidiscalis Hampson, 1904; valid (Azochis) 5232 2600cubanalis Hampson, 1913; syn. (Azochis) 2600Compacta Amsel, 1956capitalis ; valid (Botis) 5233 2602posticata ;Polygrammodes) 2602syn. not G. & R., 1867 ; valid (Botys) 5234 2603lybialis ; syn. (Botys) 5234 2603amatalis ; syn. (Botys) 5234 2603hirtaloidalis ; valid (Polygrammodes) 5235 2604Liopasia M\u00f6schler, 1882Terastiodes Warren, 1892Dichotis Warren, 1892teneralis ; valid (Botys) 5238 2636Polygrammodes Guen\u00e9e, 1854Astura Guen\u00e9e, 1854Hilaopsis Lederer, 1863Dichocrocopsis Dyar, 1910flavidalis ; valid (Botys) 5228 2638lacoalis ; syn. (Botys) 5228 2638cinctipedalis ; syn. (Botys) 5228 2638oxydalis Botys) 5228 2639langdonalis ; valid (Botis) 5229elevata ; valid  5230 2689elevalis ; syn. emendation (Astura) 5230 2689grandimacula ; syn. (Sylepta) 5230 2689sanguinalis Druce, 1895; valid (Polygrammodes) 5231 2652Terastia Guen\u00e9e, 1854meticulosalis Guen\u00e9e, 1854; valid (Terastia) 5239 2704quadratalis Megaphysa)coeligenalis ; syn. (Megastes) 5239 2704PageBreakLaniifera Hampson, 1899cyclades ; valid (Pachynoa) 5236 2705Loxomorpha Amsel, 1956Chrysobotys Munroe, 1956cambogialis ; valid (Botys) 5154 3050lucilla ; syn. (Botys) 3050citrinalis ; syn. (Botys) 3050flavidissimalis ; valid (Botis) 5155 3052Maracayia Amsel, 1956chlorisalis ; valid (Botys) 5298 3056Eulepte H\u00fcbner, [1825]Acrospila Lederer, 1863anticostalis ; valid (Botis) 5195 2719levalis ; syn. (Botis) 5195 2719Ommatospila Lederer, 1863Thelda Walker, [1866]narcaeusalis ; valid (Leucochroma) 5294 2729nummulalis Lederer, 1863; syn. (Ommatospila) 5294 2729venustalis ; syn. (Leucinodes) 5294 2729Gonocausta Lederer, 1863sabinalis Dyar, 1914Gonocausta) 2732Syllepis Poey, 1832hortalis ; valid (Botys) 5283 2742Ategumia Amsel, 1956ebulealis ; valid (Samea) 5158 2749Diacme Warren, 1892elealis ; valid (Samea) 5142 2758taedialis ; syn. (Samea) 5142 2758adipaloides ; valid (Botys) 5143 2759phyllisalis ; valid (Samea) 5144 2761aulicalis ; syn. (Botys) 2761mopsalis ; valid (Botys) 5145 2762mettiusalis ; syn. (Botys) 5145 2762togalis ; syn. (Botys) 2762griseicinctalis ; syn.  5145 2762Epipagis H\u00fcbner, [1825]Stenophyes Lederer, 1863forsythae Munroe, 1955; valid (Epipagis) 5146 2770fenestralis Pyralis) 5147 2766huronalis ; syn. (Samea) 5147 2766serinalis ; syn.  5147 2766disparilis ; valid (Stenophyes) 5148 2768Epipagis Doubleday, [1849]submedialis ; valid (Botis) 5135 2774PageBreakdissectalis ; syn. (Botis) 5135 2774pilalis ; syn. (Botis) 5135 2774fuscimaculalis ; valid (Botis) 5136 2775flavicoloralis ; syn. (Botis?) 5136 2775confovealis ; syn. (Botis) 5136 2775mustelinalis ; valid (Botys) 5137 2773catenulalis ; syn. (Botis) 5137 2773monulalis ; syn. (Botis) 5137 2773luscitialis ; valid (Pyrausta) 5138 2772Mimophobetron Munroe, 1950pyropsalis ; valid (Pyrausta) 5237 2776rhodope ; syn. (Pyrausta) 5237 2776liopasialis ; syn. (Pyrausta) 5237 2776rhodopides ; syn. infrasubspecific (Pyrausta) 5237 2776Mimorista Warren, 1890subcostalis ; valid (Sameodes) 5139 2784trimaculalis ; valid (Botis) 5140 2785tristigmalis ; valid (Pilocrocis) 5141 2777extremalis ; syn. (Psara) 2777Nomophila H\u00fcbner, [1825]Stenopteryx Duponchel, [1845]; preocc. by Meigen, 1830Macronomeutis Meyrick, 1936triticalis Berg, 1875Nomophila) 2792squalidalis Hampson, 1913; syn. (Nomophila) 2792nearctica Munroe, 1973; valid (Nomophila) 5156 2794Samea Guen\u00e9e, 1854Isopteryx Guen\u00e9e, 1854; preocc. by Pictet, 1841Pterygisus Butler, 1886; repl. namemultiplicalis ; valid (Isopteryx) 5151 2801discessalis Walker, [1866]; syn. (Samea) 5151 2801baccatalis ; valid (Loxostege) 5152 2804druchachalis Dyar, 1924Samea) 2810ecclesialis Guen\u00e9e, 1854; valid (Samea) 5150 2812castellalis Guen\u00e9e, 1854; syn. (Samea) 5150 2812luccusalis Walker, 1859; syn. (Samea) 5150 2812disertalis Walker, [1866]; syn. (Samea) 5150 2812Niphograpta Warren, 1892albiguttalis Epichronistis) 5149 2816valid introduced ; valid (Somatania) 5153 2818suffusalis ; syn. (Sameodes) 2818samealis ; syn. (Stenia) 2818PageBreakAsciodes Guen\u00e9e, 1854gordialis Guen\u00e9e, 1854; valid (Asciodes) 5267 2823quietalis ; syn. (Scoparia) 5267 2823confusalis ; syn. (Desmia) 5267 2823Psara Snellen, 1875Epichronistis Meyrick, 1886obscuralis ; valid (Botys) 5268 2851dryalis ; valid (Botys) 5269 2854Sathria Lederer, 1863internitalis ; valid (Asciodes) 5270 2863stercoralis Lederer, 1863; syn. (Sathria) 5270 2863serenalis ; syn. (Megaphysa) 5270 2863Conchylodes Guen\u00e9e, 1854Ledereria Snellen, 1875; preocc. by Marschall, 1873diphteralis ; valid (Lypotigris) 5290 2867salamisalis Druce, 1895; valid (Conchylodes) 5291 2871ovulalis ; valid (Spilomela) 5292 2878concinnalis Hampson, 1899; valid (Conchylodes) 5293 2879Cnaphalocrocis Lederer, 1863Marasmia Lederer, 1863Dolichosticha Meyrick, 1884Epimima Meyrick, 1886Lasiacme Warren, 1896Bradinomorpha Matsumura, 1920Susumia Marumo, 1930Prodotaula Meyrick, 1934Neomarasmia Kalra, David, & Banerji, 1967;unavailable (ICZN Art. 13)trapezalis ; valid  5288 2896creonalis ; syn. (Botys) 5288 2896neoclesalis ; syn. (Botys) 5288 2896suspicalis ; syn. (Botys) 5288 2896convectalis ; syn. (Botys) 5288 2896bifurcalis Snellen, 1880; syn.  5288 2896perinephes ; syn. (Dolichosticha) 2896andresi Bradina)cochrusalis ; valid (Hydrocampa) 5289 2895azionalis ; syn. (Botys) 5289 2895ruptalis ; syn. (Botys) 5289 2895perspersalis M\u00f6schler, 1890; syn.  2895Salbia Guen\u00e9e, 1854Salbiomorpha Snellen, 1875tytiusalis ; valid (Botys) 5285 2927PageBreakmizaralis ; valid (Hedylepta) 5286 2916haemorrhoidalis Guen\u00e9e, 1854; valid  5287 2929dircealis ; syn. (Asopia) 5287 2929futilalis ;Hedylepta) 5287 2929syn. ; valid (Tinea) 5284 2940quinqualis ; syn. (Anania) 5284 2940florellalis Guen\u00e9e, 1854; syn. emendation (Syngamia) 5284 2940Apilocrocis Amsel, 1956brumalis ; valid (Sylepta) 5112 2943pimalis ; valid (Sylepta) 5113 2949Diaphantania M\u00f6schler, 1890impulsalis ; valid (Botys) 5114 2954Bicilia Amsel, 1956iarchasalis ; valid (Botys) 5271 2959differalis ; syn.  5271 2959concinnalis ; syn. (Botys) 2959vogli Amsel, 1956; syn. (Bicilia) 5271 2959fuscalis Amsel, 1956; syn. (Bicilia) 2959Deuterophysa Warren, 1889Gonopionea Hampson, 1913fernaldi Munroe, 1983; valid repl. name (Deuterophysa) 5123 3000costimaculalis ;Pyrausta) 5123 3000syn. homonym preocc. by Warren, 1889 Deuterophysa) 3003Eurrhyparodes Snellen, 1880Molybdantha Meyrick, 1884lygdamis Druce, 1902; valid (Eurrhyparodes) 5122 3022splendens Druce, 1895Eurrhyparodes) 3024Hydropionea Hampson, 1917oblectalis ; valid (Botis) 5124 3038eumoros ; syn. (Clupeosoma) 5124 3038fenestralis ; valid (Diasemia) 5125 3037Microphysetica Hanpson, 1917Falx Amsel, 1956; preocc. by Gouan, 1770Falcimorpha Amsel, 1957hermeasalis ; valid (Isopteryx) 3066nymphulalis ; syn. (Parthenodes) 3056philogelos Sufetula) 5121 3066sinuosalis ; syn.  5121 3056PageBreakPalpusia Amsel, 1956glaucusalis Botys) 5269 3095goniopalpia ; valid (Pilocrocis) 5297 3099Rhectocraspeda Warren, 1892Pilemia M\u00f6schler, 1882; preocc. by Fairmaire, 1863Rapoona Hedemann, 1894periusalis ; valid (Botys) 5157 3125deformalis ; syn. (Pilemia) 5157 3125tristis ; syn. (Rapoona) 5157 3125Sisyracera M\u00f6schler, 1890Araschnopsis Amsel, 1956subulalis ; valid (Endotricha) 5194 3127preciosalis ; syn. (Leucinodes) 5194 3127contortilinealis Samea) 3128veroniae ; syn. (Nacoleia) 3128OdontiinaeNoctueliopsis Munroe, 1961brunnealis Munroe, 1972; valid (Noctueliopsis) 4830 1260puertalis ; valid (Noctuelia) 4831 1261palmalis ; valid (Noctuelia) 4832 1264atascaderalis ; valid (Noctuelia) 4833aridalis ; valid (Noctuelia) 4834 1265pandoralis ; valid (Noctuelia) 4835 1266minimistrictaa.  ; ssp. extralimital (Pyrausta) 1266rhodoxanthinalis Munroe, 1974; valid (Noctueliopsis) 4836 1269bububattalis ; valid (Botis) 4837 1267tectalis ; syn. (Noctuelia) 4837 1267virula ; valid (Noctuelia) 4838 1268Odontivalvia Munroe, 1973radialis ; valid (Noctueliopsis) 4829 1271Pogonogenys Munroe, 1961proximalis ; valid (Titanio) 4817 1272frechini Munroe, 1961; valid (Pogonogenys) 4818masoni Munroe, 1961; valid (Pogonogenys) 4819 1273Chrismania Barnes & McDunnough, 1914pictipennalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914;Chrismania) 4820 1274valid ; valid  4821 1275Nannobotys Munroe, 1961commortalis ; valid (Botis) 4822 1276minima ; syn. (Noctuelia) 4822 1276PageBreakPsammobotys Munroe, 1961fordi Munroe, 1961; valid (Psammobotys) 4824 1277alpinalis Munroe, 1972; valid (Psammobotys) 4825Heliothelopsis Munroe, 1961arbutalis ; valid (Aporodes) 4841 1278rhea ; syn. (Panameria) 4841 1278costipunctalis ;Heliothela) 4842 1279valid ; syn. (Pycnarmon) 1279unicoloralis ;Heliothela) 4843 1280valid  4840 1281Mojavia Munroe, 1961achemonalis ;Noctuelia) 4839 1282valid ;Noctuelia) 4839 1282syn. form ; valid (Botis) 4795 1283ophionalis ; valid (Rhodaria) 4796 1284sesquialteralis ; syn. (Botis) 4796 1284nasionalis ; syn. (Botis) 4796 1284lacustrisa.  Munroe, 1961; ssp. (Microtheoris) 4796eremicab.  Munroe, 1961; ssp. (Microtheoris) 4796 1284baboquivariensisc.  Munroe, 1961; ssp. (Microtheoris) 4796 1284occidentalisd.  Munroe, 1961; ssp. (Microtheoris) 4796Rhodocantha Munroe, 1961diagonalis Munroe, 1961; valid (Rhodocantha) 4797 1285Frechinia Munroe, 1961helianthiales ; valid (Titanio) 4798 1286thyanalis ; syn. (Pionea) 4798 1286murmuralis Titanio) 4798 1287lutosalis ; valid (Titanio) 4799 1288laetalis ; valid (Titanio) 4800 1289criddlealis ; valid (Titanio) 4801texanalis Munroe, 1961; valid (Frechinia) 4802 1290Procymbopteryx Munroe, 1961belialis ; valid (Pionea) 4803 1291Cymbopteryx Munroe, 1961fuscimarginalis Munroe, 1961; valid (Cymbopteryx) 4804 1292unilinealis ; valid (Loxostege) 4805 1293phaeopasta  4805 1293PageBreakNeocymbopteryx Munroe, 1973heitzmani Munroe, 1973; valid (Neocymbopteryx) 4806Edia Dyar, 1913semiluna ; valid (Lythrodes) 4807 1297bidentalis ;Cynaeda) 4807 1297syn.  4807 1297minutissima ; valid (Lythrodes) 4808 1298coolidgei Dyar, 1921; syn. (Edia) 4808 1298Dichozoma Munroe, 1961parvipicta ;Loxostege) 4809 1299valid  4810Gyros Henry Edwards, 1881; repl. nameOribates Henry Edwards, 1881; preocc. by Eug\u00e8s, 1834Monocona Warren, 1892muirii ; valid (Oribates) 4811rubralisa.  ; ssp. (Monocona) 4811atripennalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914; valid (Gyros) 4812powelli Munroe, 1959; valid (Gyros) 4813 1300Anatralata Munroe, 1961versicolor ; valid (Aporodes) 4814 1301Anatralata Munroe, 1972chemsaki Munroe, 1972; valid (Eremanthe) 4815 1302Metaxmeste H\u00fcbner, 1825Hercyna Treitschke, 1828nubicola Munroe, 1954; valid (Metaxmeste) 4816Chlorobaptella Munroe, 1995Chlorobapta Barnes & McDunnough, 1914;preocc. by Kraatz, 1880rufistrigalis ;Chlorobapta) 4844 1303valid ;Ennychia) 4826 1304valid extralimital, repl. name ;Pyralis) 4826 1304syn. preocc. by H\u00fcbner, 1796 ; syn. (Botys?) 4826 1304perviana ; syn. (Anthophila) 4826 1304gelidalis ; syn.  4826 1304costaemaculalis ; syn. (Thelcteria) 4826 1304novalisa.  ; ssp. (Emprepes) 4826 1304PageBreakdecoratab.  ; ssp. (Eustrotia) 4826 1304nuchalisc.  ; ssp. (Emprepes) 4826 1304Porphyrorhegma Munroe, 1961fortunata Munroe, 1961; valid (Porphyrorhegma) 4823 1305Jativa Munroe, 1961castanealis ; valid (Orobena) 4827 1306jativa ; syn.  4827 1306Pseudoschinia Munroe, 1961elautalis ; valid (Eurycreon) 4828 1307magnalis ; syn. (Emprepes) 4828 1307Glaucodontia Munroe, 1972pyraustoides Munroe, 1972; valid (Glaucodontia) 4845Cliniodes Guen\u00e9e, 1854Idessa Walker, 1859Exarcha Lederer, 1863Metrea Grote, 1882Basonga M\u00f6schler, 1886Procliniodes Hayden, 2011ostreonalis ; valid (Metrea) 4789urticaloides ; syn. (Botys) 4789GlaphyriinaeSchacontia Dyar, 1914themis Solis & Goldstein, 2013; valid (Schacontia)rasa Solis & Goldstein, 2013; valid (Schacontia)Alatuncusia Amsel, 1956bergii ; valid (Dichogama) 4793 800Dichogama Lederer, 1863Carbaca Walker, [1866]redtenbacheri Lederer, 1863; valid (Dichogama) 4790 815nigra Amsel, 1956; syn. infrasubspecific (Dichogama) 815amabilis M\u00f6schler, 1890; valid (Dichogama) 4791 806colotha Dyar, 1912; valid (Dichogama) 4792 811Eustixia H\u00fcbner, 1823Thelcteria Lederer, 1863pupula H\u00fcbner, 1823; valid (Eustixia) 4794 638Hellula Guen\u00e9e, 1854Oeobia H\u00fcbner, [1825]; suppressed (ICZN Op. 536)Phyratocosma Meyrick, 1936Ashwania Pajni & Rose, 1977rogatalis ; valid (Botis) 4846 639phidilealis ; valid (Leucochroma) 4847 640trypheropa ; syn. (Phryatocosma) 4847 640kempae Munroe, 1972; valid (Hellula) 4848 641PageBreakaqualis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914; valid (Hellula) 4849 642subbasalis ; valid (Lamprosema) 4850 643Glaphyria H\u00fcbner, 1823Homophysa Guen\u00e9e, 1854Berdura M\u00f6schler, 1886glaphyralis ; valid (Homophysa) 4869 646stipatalis ; syn. (Scopula) 4869 646albolineata ; syn. (Lipocosma) 4869 646sequistrialis H\u00fcbner, 1823; valid (Glaphyria) 4870 645basiflavalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1913; valid (Glaphyria) 4871 647peremptalis ; valid (Homophysa) 4872 656fulminalis ; valid (Homophysa) 4873 655cappsi Munroe, 1972; valid (Glaphyria) 4874 650Upiga Capps, 1964virescens ; valid (Eromene) 4851 680Aethiophysa Munroe, 1964delicata Munroe, 1964; valid (Aethiophysa) 4875 690dualis ; valid (Glaphyria) 4876 687invisalis Ebulea) 4877 681lentiflualis ; syn. (Homophysa) 4877 681consimilis Munroe, 1964; valid (Aethiophysa) 4878 682extorris Hypolais) 5325 626quadristrigalis ; syn. (Metasia) 5325 626Xanthophysa Munroe, 1964psychialis ; valid (Botis) 4879 694Abegesta Munroe, 1964reluctalis ; valid (Orobena) 4866 695remellalis ; valid (Homophysa) 4867 696concha Munroe, 1964; valid (Abegesta) 4868 697Stegea Munroe, 1964; repl. nameEgesta Ragonot, 1891; preocc. by Conrad, 1845mexicana Munroe, 1964; valid (Stegea) 4859 705sola Munroe, 1972; valid (Stegea) 4860 708simplicialis ; valid (Symphysa) 4861 700minutalis ; valid (Egesta) 4862 706powelli Munroe, 1972; valid (Stegea) 4863 707eripalis ; valid (Homophysa) 4864 698salutalis ; valid (Botis) 4865 699ochralisa.  ; ssp. (Symphysa) 4865grisealisb.  Munroe, 1972; ssp. (Stegea) 4865 699riparialisc.  Munroe, 1972; ssp. (Stegea) 4865 699Paregesta Munroe, 1964californiensis Munroe, 1964; valid (Paregesta) 4852 709PageBreakNephrogramma Munroe, 1964reniculalis ; valid (Homophysa) 4857 711separata Munroe, 1972; valid (Nephrogramma) 4858 712Scybalistodes Munroe, 1964periculosalis ; valid (Glaphyria) 4853 718vermiculalis Munroe, 1964; valid  4854 720regularis Munroe, 1964; valid  4855 719fortis Munroe, 1972; valid  4856 721Plumegesta Munroe, 1972largalis Munroe, 1972; valid (Plumegesta) 4880 722Ennomosia Amsel, 1956basalis Clupeosoma) 3018Lipocosma Lederer, 1863Clarkeia Amsel, 1956; preocc. by Kozlowski, 1923Clarkeiodes Amsel, 1957; repl. nameLipocosmopsis Munroe, 1964sicalis ; valid (Leucinodes) 4881 749perfusalis ; syn.  4881 749diabata Dyar, 1917; valid (Lipocosma) 4882 757adelalis ; valid (Symphysa) 4883intermedialis Barnes & McDunnough, 1912;Lipocosma) 4884 762valid  4885 771albinibasalis Munroe, 1995Lipocosma) 750albibasalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1911;Lipocosma) 4886 750syn. preocc. by Hampson, 1906  4887 768Lipocosmodes Munroe, 1964fuliginosalis ; valid (Lipocosma) 4888 773Dicymolomia Zeller, 1872Bifalculina Amsel, 1956julianalis ; valid (Cataclysta) 4889 792decora Zeller, 1872; syn. (Dicymolomia) 4889 792metalophota ; valid (Ambia) 4890 793consortalis ; syn. (Lipocosma) 4890 793argentipunctalis ; syn.  4890 793opuntialis Dyar, 1908; valid (Dicymolomia) 4891 795metalliferalis ; valid  4892 796sauberi Hedemann, 1883; syn. (Dicymolomia) 4892 796grisea Munroe, 1964; valid (Dicymolomia) 4893 791micropunctalis Munroe, 1964; valid (Dicymolomia) 4894 794Chalcoela Zeller, 1872iphitalis ; valid (Cataclysta) 4895 798PageBreakaurifera Zeller, 1872; syn.  4895 798pegasalis ; valid (Cataclysta) 4896 799principalis ; syn. (Cataclysta) 4896 799egressalis ; syn. (Cataclysta) 4896 799robinsonii ; syn. (Cataclysta) 4896 799discedalis M\u00f6schler, 1890; syn.  4896 799Evergestis H\u00fcbner, [1825]Homochroa H\u00fcbner, [1825]Mesographe H\u00fcbner, [1825]Scopolia H\u00fcbner, [1825]Pionea Duponchel, 1845Orobena Guen\u00e9e, 1854Aedis Grote, 1878Paraedis Grote, 1882Maelinoptera Staudinger, 1893Pachyzancloides Matsumura, 1925Reskovitsia Szent-Iv\u00e1ny, 1942pallidata ; valid  4897straminalis ; syn.  4897elutalis ; syn.  4897stramentalis ; syn. (Mesographe) 4897eunusalis ; syn. (Pionea) 4897rimosalis ; valid (Pionea) 4898 1334consimilis Warren, 1892; valid (Evergestis) 4899 1335aridalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914; valid (Evergestis) 4900 1336unimacula ; valid (Asopia) 4901lunulalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914; valid (Evergestis) 4902 1346nolentis Heinrich, 1940; valid (Evergestis) 4903 1347simulatilis ; valid (Aedis) 4904 1349brunneogrisea ; syn. (Prorasea) 4904 1349angustalis ;Phlyctaenia) 4905 1348valid  4905arizonaeb.  Munroe, 1974; ssp. (Evergestis) 4905 1348vinctalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914; valid (Evergestis) 4906 1350muricoloralisa.  Munroe, 1974; ssp. (Evergestis) 4906palousalis Munroe, 1974Evergestis) 4907obscuraliasa.  Munroe, 1995; ssp. repl. name (Evergestis)obscuralis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914;Evergestis) 4907syn. preocc. by   4908 1351funalis ; valid (Aedis) 4909 1352insulalisa.  Barnes & McDunnough, 1914; ssp. (Evergestis) 4909PageBreakcolumbialisb.  Munroe, 1974; ssp. (Evergestis) 4909angelinac.  Munroe, 1974; ssp. (Evergestis) 4909 1352wallacensisd.  Munroe, 1974; ssp. (Evergestis) 4909subterminalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914;Evergestis) 4910valid  4911fuscistrigalisa.  Munroe, 1974; ssp. (Evergestis) 4911obliqualis ; valid (Paraedis) 4912 1353dischematalis Munroe, 1995Evergestis) 1354dimorphalis Munroe, 1974;Evergestis) 4913 1354syn. preocc. Osthelder, 1938  4914 1355borregalis Munroe, 1974; valid (Evergestis) 4915 1356Prorasea Grote, 1878simalis Grote, 1878; valid (Prorasea) 4916 1357gracealis Munroe, 1974; valid (Prorasea) 4917 1358praeia ; valid (Cornifrons) 4918fernaldi Munroe, 1974; valid (Prorasea) 4919sideralis ; valid (Cornifrons) 4920 1359pulveralis ; valid (Cornifrons) 4921Cornifrons Lederer, 1858Ventosalis Marion, 1957actualis Barnes & McDunnough, 1918; valid (Cornifrons) 4922phasma Dyar, 1917; valid (Cornifrons) 4923 1360chlorophasma Dyar, 1917; syn. (Cornifrons) 4923 1360Cylindrifrons Munroe, 1951succandidalis ; valid (Botis) 4924simplex ; syn. (Cavifrons) 4924Orenaia Duponchel, 1845trivialis Barnes & McDunnough, 1914; valid (Orenaia) 4925subargentalis ;Titanio) 4925syn.  4926arcticalis Munroe, 1974; valid (Orenaia) 4927sierralis Munroe, 1974; valid (Orenaia) 4928alticolalis ; valid (Titanio) 4929pallidivittalis Munroe, 1956; valid (Orenaia) 4930macneilli Munroe, 1974; valid (Orenaia) 4931Evergestella Munroe, 1974evincalis ; valid (Botys) 4932 1361Trischistognatha Warren, 1892pyrenealis ; valid (Botys) 4933 1363medonalis ; syn. (Botys) 4933 1363PageBreakimplicitalis ; syn. (Orobena) 1363dyaralis ; syn. (Evergestis) 4933 1363MusotiminaeUndulambia Lange, 1956striatalis ; valid (Ambia) 4740 942polystichalis Capps, 1965; valid (Undulambia) 4741 934rarissima Munroe, 1972; valid (Undulambia) 4742 941Neomusotima Yoshiyasu, 1985conspurcatalis Ambia)fuscalis Musotima)ScopariinaeGesneria H\u00fcbner, 1824-25Scoparona Chapman, 1912centuriella ;Tinea) 4703valid extralimital  4703syn. unjustified emendation ; syn. (Scopula) 4703quadratella ; syn. (Phycis) 4703centurialis ; syn. emendation (Scoparia) 4703confluella ;Scoparia) 4703syn. form infrasubspecific Scoparia)syn. aberration infrasubspecific ; ssp. (Eudorea) 4703caecalisb.  ; ssp. (Hypena) 4703caliginosalis ; syn. (Scopula) 4703beringiellac.  Munroe, 1972; ssp. (Gesneria) 4703ninguidalisd.  ; ssp. (Scoparia) 4703sachalinensise.  Matsumura, 1925Gesneria)ssp. extralimital  4704Cosipara Munroe, 1972tricoloralis ; valid (Scoparia) 4705 823modulalis Munroe, 1972; valid (Cosipara) 4706 824chiricahuae Munroe, 1972; valid (Cosipara) 4707 825Scoparia Haworth, 1811Scopea Haworth, 1828Eudorea Curtis, 1827Phegea Gistel, 1848Epileucia Stephens, 1852Tetraprosopus Butler, 1882Xeroscopa Meyrick, 1884PageBreakSineudonia Leraut, 1986rigidalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1912; valid (Scoparia) 4708 829denigata Dyar, 1929; valid (Scoparia) 4709 830normalis Dyar, 1904; valid (Scoparia) 4710 831palloralis Dyar, 1906; valid (Scoparia) 4711 834obispalis Dyar, 1906; syn. (Scoparia) 4711 834cervalis McDunnough, 1927; syn. (Scoparia) 4711 834californialis Munroe, 1972; valid (Scoparia) 4712 835apachealis Munroe, 1972; valid (Scoparia) 4713 836pinalensisa.  Munroe, 1972; ssp. (Scoparia) 4713 836utalisb.  Munroe, 1972; ssp. (Scoparia) 4713ruidosalis Munroe, 1972; valid (Scoparia) 4714 837blanchardi Munroe, 1972; valid (Scoparia) 4715 838biplagialis Walker, [1866]; valid (Scoparia) 4716libella Grote, 1878; syn. (Scoparia) 4716bellaeislaea.  Munroe, 1972; ssp. (Scoparia) 4716fernaldalisb.  Dyar, 1904; ssp. (Scoparia) 4716pacificalisc.  Dyar, 1921; ssp. (Scoparia) 4716alaskalis Barnes & Benjamin, 1922; syn. (Scoparia) 4716afognakalisd.  Munroe, 1972; ssp. (Scoparia) 4716penumbralis Dyar, 1906; valid (Scoparia) 4717cinereomedia Dyar, 1904; valid (Scoparia) 4718truncatalis McDunnough, 1923; syn. (Scoparia) 4718basalis Walker, [1866]; valid (Scoparia) 4719dominicki Munroe, 1972; valid (Scoparia) 4720huachucalis Munroe, 1972; valid (Scoparia) 4721Eudonia Billberg, 1820Boiea Zetterstedt, 1839Eudoria Chapman, 1912Witlesia Chapman, 1912Dipleurina Chapman, 1912Malageudonia Leraut, 1989Vietteina Leraut, 1989rectilinea ; valid (Scoparia) 4722 860refugalis ; syn. (Scoparia) 4722 860nominatalis ; syn. (Scoparia) 4722 860commortalis ; valid (Scoparia) 4723expallidalis ; valid (Scoparia) 4724 861rufitinctalis ; syn. (Scoparia) 4724 861franciscalis Munroe, 1972; valid (Eudonia) 4725torniplagalis ; valid (Scoparia) 4726 862alialisa.  ; ssp. (Scoparia) 4726 862perfectalisb.  Munroe, 1972; ssp. (Eudonia) 4726 862PageBreakalbertalis ; valid (Scoparia) 4727vivida Munroe, 1972; valid (Eudonia) 4728spaldingalis ; valid (Scoparia) 4729spenceri Munroe, 1972; valid (Eudonia) 4730 863rotundalis Munroe, 1972; valid (Eudonia) 4731 864franclemonti Munroe, 1972; valid (Eudonia) 4732 865schwarzalis ; valid (Scoparia) 4733 867leucophthalma ; valid (Scoparia) 4734petalumaa.  Munroe, 1972; ssp. (Eudonia) 4734echo ; valid (Scoparia) 4735gartrellia.  Munroe, 1972; ssp. (Eudonia) 4735bronzalis ; valid (Scoparia) 4736 872alpina Eudorea)borealis ; syn. (Eudorea)gracilalis ; syn. (Eudorea)lugubralis ; syn. (Scoparia) 4737lapponica ; syn. variety (Scoparia)phycitinalis ; syn. (Scoparia) 4737persimilalis ; syn. (Eudoria) 4737japanalpina Inoue, 1982; syn. (Eudonia)madgeia.  Munroe, 1972; ssp. (Eudonia) 4737strigalis ; valid (Scoparia) 4738 878heterosalis ; valid (Eudoria) 4739 879CrambinaeHemiplatytes Barnes & Benjamin, 1924Alamogordia Dyar & Heinrich, 1927epia ; valid (Diatraea) 5507 187damon ; syn. (Platytes) 5507 187prosenes ; valid (Diatraea) 5508 188parallela ; valid (Diatraea) 5509 189Eufernaldia Hulst, 1900cadarellus ; valid (Crambus) 5338 1argenteonervella Hulst, 1900; syn.  5338 1Surattha Walker, 1863santella Kearfott, 1908Surattha) 5326 7indentella Kearfott, 1908Surattha) 5327 6Prionapteryx Stephens, 1834Prionopteryx Zeller, 1863; emendationNuarace Walker, 1863Pindicitora Walker, 1863Calarina Walker, 1866Hypotomorpha Rebel, 1892Platytesia Strand, 1918PageBreakLoxophantis Meyrick, 1935Alloea Turner, 1947yavapai ; valid (Eugrotea) 5332 17nebulifera Stephens, 1834; valid (Prionapteryx) 5333 15achatina Zeller, 1863; valid (Prionopteryx) 5334 9delectalis Crambus) 5334 9cuneolalis ; valid (Crambus) 5335 16serpentella Kearfott, 1908; valid (Prionapteryx) 5336Mesolia Ragonot, 1889Eugrotea Fernald, 1896Euparolia Dyar, 1914Deuterolia Dyar, 1914baboquivariella ; valid (Prionapteryx) 5328 20oraculella Kearfott, 1908; valid (Mesolia) 5329 22huachucaella Kearfott, 1908Mesolia) 5330 21incertellus ; valid (Chilo) 5331 23olivella ; syn. (Prionopteryx) 5331 23dentella ; syn. (Eugrotea) 5331 23Pseudoschoenobius Fernald, 1891opalescalis ; valid (Schoenobius) 5337 5griseosparsa ; syn. (Prionopteryx) 5337 5Thopeutis H\u00fcbner, 1818Tetrachila H\u00fcbner, 1808name rejected, ICZN Opinion 789Cephis Ragonot, 1892Stenochilo Hampson, 1896Hombergia de Joannis, 1910forbesellus ; valid (Chilo) 5473Occidentalia Dyar & Heinrich, 1927comptulatalis ; valid (Crambus) 5474Xubida Schaus, 1922linearellus ; valid (Crambus) 5499 142multilineatella ; syn. (Spermatophthora) 5499 142panalope ; valid (Platytes) 5500 143acerata ; syn. (Platytes) 5500 143relovae Klots, 1970; valid (Xubida) 5501 144punctilineella ;Platytes) 5502 145valid  5503 146dentilineatella ;Platytes) 5504 147valid ; valid (Chilo) 5505 148dinephelalis ; syn. (Platytes) 5505 148PageBreakchiloidellus ;Crambus) 5506 149valid ; valid (Chilo) 5482 156arizonensis Capps, 1965; valid (Haimbachia) 5483 157pallescens Capps, 1965; valid (Haimbachia) 5484 158indistinctalis Capps, 1965; valid (Haimbachia) 5485 159discalis Dyar & Heinrich, 1927; valid (Haimbachia) 5486 150floridalis Capps, 1965; valid (Haimbachia) 5487 160albescens Capps, 1965; valid (Haimbachia) 5488placidellus ; valid (Crambus) 5489cochisensis Capps, 1965; valid (Haimbachia) 5490 161diminutalis Capps, 1965; valid (Haimbachia) 5491 162Eoreuma Ely, 1910densellus ; valid (Chilo) 5492 166loftini ; valid (Chilo) 5493 164opinionellus ; syn. (Chilo) 5493 164evae Klots, 1970; valid (Eoreuma) 5494 167confederata Klots, 1970; valid (Eoreuma) 5495 169multipunctellus ; valid (Chilo) 5496 170callista Klots, 1970; valid (Eoreuma) 5497 171crawfordi Klots, 1970; valid (Eoreuma) 5498arenella A. Blanchard & Knudson, 1983Eoreuma) 172Epina Walker, 1866Diatraenopsis Dyar & Heinrich, 1927dichromella Walker, 1866; valid (Epina) 5468 186differentialis ; syn. (Diatraea) 5468 186matanzalis ; syn. (Chilo) 5468 186alleni ; valid (Diatraea) 5469 185Chilo Zincken, 1817Chilona Sodoffsky, 1837Borer Guen\u00e9e, 1862Diphryx Grote, 1881Nephalia Turner, 1911Hypiesta Hampson, 1919Silveria Dyar, 1925Chilotraea Kapur, 1950plejadellus Zincken, 1821; valid (Chilo) 5470 192sabulifera ; syn. (Jartheza) 5470 192prolatella ; syn. (Diphryx) 5470 192oryzaeellus Riley, 1882; syn. (Chilo) 5470 192erianthalis Capps, 1963; valid (Chilo) 5471 191demotella Walker, 1866; valid (Chilo) 5472 193PageBreakidalis ; syn. (Diatraea) 5472 193fernaldalis Dyar & Heinrich, 1927; syn. (Chilo) 5472 193Diatraea Guilding, 1828Iesta Dyar, 1909Diatraerupa Schaus, 1913Trinidadia Dyar & Heinrich, 1927Eodiatraea Box, 1953Crambidiatraea Box & Capps, 1955Zeadiatraea Box, 1955saccharalis ; valid  5475 245sacchari ;Phalaena) 5475 245syn. emendation  245secondary homonym preocc. by  ; syn. (Crambus) 245lineosellus ; syn. (Crambus) 245obliteratellus ; syn. (Chilo) 245grenadensis Dyar, 1911; syn. (Diatraea) 245pedidocta Dyar, 1911; syn. (Diatraea) 245continens Dyar, 1911; syn. (Diatraea) 245brasiliensis Gorkum & Waal, 1913; syn. (Diatraea) 245incomparella Dyar & Heinrich, 1927; syn. (Diatraea) 245crambidoides ; valid (Chilo) 5476 213zeacolella Dyar, 1911; syn. (Diatraea) 5476 213tripsacicola Dyar, 1921; syn. (Diatraea) 5476 213mitteri Solis, 2015Diatraea)venosalis ; valid (Haimbachia) 5477 253evanescens Dyar, 1917; valid (Diatraea) 5478 216sobrinalis Schaus, 1922; syn. (Diatraea) 5478 216grandiosella Dyar, 1911; valid (Diatraea) 5479 220lineolata ; valid (Leucania) 5480 228culmicolellus ; syn. (Chilo) 228neuricellus ; syn. (Chilo) 228pallidostricta Dyar, 1911; syn. (Diatraea) 228lisetta ; valid (Iesta) 5481 229cancellalis ; syn. (Iesta) 229adulcia ; syn. (Iesta) 229Argyria H\u00fcbner, 1818nummulalis H\u00fcbner, 1818; valid (Argyria) 5460 64argentana Tortrix) 64syn. nomen nudum  5460 64syn. preocc. by  ; valid (Urola) 5461 65fuscipes ; syn. (Catharylla) 5461 65rufisignella ; valid (Catharylla) 5462 66rileyella Dyar, 1913; syn. (Argyria) 5462 66lacteella ; valid (Tinea) 5463 52albana ; syn.  5463 52pusillalis H\u00fcbner, 1818; syn. (Argyria) 5463 52abronalis ; syn. nomen dubium (Zebronia) 52gonogramma Dyar, 1915; syn. (Argyria) 52auratellus ; valid (Crambus) 5465 73pulchella ; syn. (Urola) 5465 73critica Forbes, 1920; valid (Argyria) 5466 74tripsacas ; valid (Crambus) 5467 84Urola Walker, 1863nivalis ; valid  5464 93argentata ; syn. (Geometra) 5464 93michrochysella Walker, 1863; syn. (Urola) 5464 93Microcausta Hampson, 1895flavipunctalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1913;Microcausta) 5456 47valid  5457 48valid ;Scissolia) 5458 32valid ; valid (Colimaea) 5459 30Euchromius Guen\u00e9e, 1845Eromene H\u00fcbner, [1825]; preocc. by H\u00fcbner, 1821Ommatopteryx Kirby, 1897Pseudoancylolomia Ahmad, Zaidi, & Kamaluddin, 1982ocellea ; valid  5454 312cyrilli Crambus)funiculella Phycis)texana ; syn. (Eromene) 5454 312gigantea ; syn. (Eromene) 312qadrii Pseudoancylolomia)syn. ; valid (Eromene) 5455Platytes Guen\u00e9e, 1845Nagahama Marumo, 1933PageBreakvobisne Dyar, 1920Platytes) 5394Catoptria H\u00fcbner, 1825Tetrachila H\u00fcbner, 1806; unavailableExoria H\u00fcbner, 1825trichostomus ; valid (Crambus) 5406albisinuatella ; syn. (Eudorea) 5406tristis Kirpichnikova, 1994Catoptria)maculalis ; valid (Scopula) 5407cacuminellus Crambus)albimaculella Crambus)albisignata Crambus)latiradiellus ; valid (Crambus) 5408interruptus ; syn. (Crambus) 5408oregonicus ; valid (Crambus) 5409bartellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5409Thaumatopsis Morrison, 1874Propexus Grote, 1880edonis ; valid (Crambus (Propexus)) 5438 459pexellus ; valid (Crambus) 5439 460macropterellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5439 460longipalpus Morrison, 1874; syn. (Thaumatopsis) 5439 460gibsonellaa.  Kearfott, 1908; ssp. (Thaumatopsis) 5439coloradellab.  Kearfott, 1908; ssp. (Thaumatopsis) 5439 460strictalisc.  ; ssp. (Ubida) 5439 460idion Dyar, 1919; syn. (Thaumatopsis) 5439 460magnificus ; valid (Propexus) 5440 462fernaldella Kearfott, 1905; valid (Thaumatopsis) 5441 463nortellaa.  Kearfott, 1905; ssp. (Thaumatopsis) 5441lagunellab.  Dyar, 1912; ssp. (Thaumatopsis) 5441 463atomosella Kearfott, 1908; valid (Thaumatopsis) 5442 464floridella Barnes & McDunnough, 1913;Thaumatopsis) 5443 465valid  5444 466valid ; valid (Crambus (Propexus)) 5445 467crenulatella Kearfott, 1908; valid (Thaumatopsis) 5446 468pectinifer ; valid (Crambus) 5447 470actuellus Barnes & McDunnough, 1918;Thaumatopsis) 5448 469valid ; valid (Crambus) 5449striatellus Fernald, 1896; syn. (Thaumatopsis) 5449daeckeellus Kearfott, 1903; syn. (Thaumatopsis) 5449bolterellus Crambus) 5452PageBreakdigrammellus Crambus) 434Tehama Hulst, 1888bonifatella ; valid (Spermatophthora) 5453 458inornatellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5453 458nevadellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5453 458Fissicrambus Bleszynski, 1963albilineellus Crambus) 5384quadrinotellus Crambus) 5385fissiradiellus ; valid (Crambus) 5430 441curtellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5430 441gestatellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5430 441profanellus ; valid (Crambus) 5431 442intermedius ; valid (Crambus) 5432 443haytiellus ; valid (Chilo) 5433 444hemiochrellus ; valid (Crambus) 5434 445mutabilis ; valid (Crambus) 5435 455fuscicostellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5435 455minuellus Crambus) 5437 456santiagellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5437 456habanella ; syn. (Culladia) 5437 456Microcrambus Bleszynski, 1963copelandi Klots, 1968; valid (Microcrambus) 5418 496biguttellus ; valid (Crambus) 5419 492elegans ; valid (Crambus) 5420 500terminellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5420 500polingi ; valid (Crambus) 5421 520minor ; valid (Crambus) 5422 516discludellus ; valid (Crambus) 5423 499micralis  5423 499domingellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5423 499discobolus Bleszynski, 1963; syn. (Microcrambus) 5423 499kimballi Klots, 1968; valid (Microcrambus) 5424 512matheri Klots, 1968; valid (Microcrambus) 5425 514croesus Bleszynski, 1967; valid (Microcrambus) 5426 497Loxocrambus Forbes, 1920coloradellus Crambus) 5387canellus Forbes, 1920; valid (Loxocrambus) 5427mohaviellus Forbes, 1920; valid (Loxocrambus) 5428awemensis McDunnough, 1929; valid (Loxocrambus) 5429hospition Fissicrambus) 5436 457Neodactria B. Landry, 1995luteolellus ; valid (Crambus) 5379 419duplicatus ; syn. (Crambus) 5379 419PageBreakholochrellus Crambus)syn. nomen nudum ; ssp. (Crambus) 5379 419ulae ; syn. (Crambus) 5379 419edredellus ; syn. (Crambus) 419zeellus ; valid (Crambus) 5380 420caliginosellus ; valid (Crambus) 5381 421murellus ; valid (Crambus) 5382simpliciellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5382modestellus ; valid (Crambus) 5383 422glenni B. Landry & Metzler, 2002Neodactria)daemonis B. Landry & R. Brown, 2005Neodactria)oktibbeha B. Landry & R. Brown, 2005Neodactria)cochisensis B. Landry & Albu, 2012Neodactria)Arequipa Walker, 1863turbatella Walker, 1863; valid (Arequipa) 5392bipunctellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5392Pediasia H\u00fcbner, [1825]Carvanca Walker, 1856Pseudopediasia Ganev, 1987Oseriates Fazekas, 1991aridella ; valid (Tinea) 5410salinellus Crambus)kenderesiensis Fazekas, 1987Pediasia)edmontellusa.  ; ssp. (Crambus) 5410caradjaellusb.  Crambus)monotonus Crambus)nepos Crambus)kasyi Ganev, 1983Pediasia)mikkolai Pseudopediasia)syn. extralimital Crambus)truncatellus ; valid (Chilo) 5411lienigiellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5411abtrusellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5411rufinalis ; syn. (Hypena) 5411browerellus ; valid (Crambus) 5412katahdinia.  ; ssp. (Crambus) 5412trisecta ; valid (Carvanca) 5413interminellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5413fuscisquamellus Crambus)syn. nomen nudum ; syn. (Crambus) 5413PageBreakbiliturellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5413laciniellus ; valid (Crambus) 5414ericellus ; valid (Crambus) 5415abnaki ; valid (Crambus) 5416dorsipunctellus ; valid (Crambus) 5417geminatellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5417La Bleszynski, 1966cerveza B. Landry, 1995La)Parapediasia Bleszynski, 1966Parapediasia Bleszynski, 1963hulstellus Crambus) 5386 403decorellus ; valid (Chilo) 5450 426polyactinellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5450 426goodellianus ; syn. (Crambus) 5450 426bonusculalis ; syn. (Crambus) 5450 426teterrellus Chilo) 5451 436camurellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5451 436ligonellus Crambus) 430torquatella B. Landry, 1995Parapediasia)Almita B. Landry, 1995portalia B. Landry, 1995; valid (Almita)texana B. Landry, 1995; valid (Almita)Raphiptera Hampson, 1896argillaceellus ; valid (Crambus) 5393 410minimellusa.  ; ssp. (Crambus) 5393Agriphila H\u00fcbner, [1825]Alisa Ganev & Hacker, 1984biarmicus ; valid extralimital (Crambus) 5395pallidus Crambus)illatellaa.  Crambus)alpinab.  Bleszynski, 1957Agriphila)paganellusc.  ; ssp. (Crambus) 5395straminella ; valid (Tinea) 5396marginellus Tinea)subarcticellus Crambus)syn. infrasubspecific ; valid (Crambus) 5397costalipartella ; valid (Crambus) 5398ruricolellus ; valid (Crambus) 5399canadellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5399undatus ; valid (Crambus) 5400anceps ; valid (Crambus) 5401 413biothanatalis ; valid (Crambus) 5402 414PageBreakbehrensellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5402 414vulgivagellus ; valid (Crambus) 5403aurifimbrialis ; syn. (Crambus) 5403chalybirostris ; syn. (Crambus) 5403attenuatus ; valid (Crambus) 5404Fernandocrambus Aurivillius, 1922Juania Aurivillius, 1922harpipterus ; valid (Crambus) 5389 342ruptifascia  5390 358Chrysoteuchia H\u00fcbner, 1825Amphibolia Snellen, 1884Veronese Bleszynski, 1962topiarius ; valid (Crambus) 5391vachellellusa.  ; ssp. (Crambus) 5391Crambus Fabricius, 1798Palparia Haworth, 1811Chilus Billberg, 1820Tetrachila H\u00fcbner, 1822Argyroteuchia H\u00fcbner, [1825]pascuella ;PhalaenaTinea) 5339valid extralimital fumipalpellus Mann, 1871Crambus)acutulellus Chr\u00e9tien, 1896Crambus)collutellus Fuchs, 1902Crambus)obscurellus Kuchlein, 1958Crambus)syn. extralimital, form ssp. extralimital, in Staud., 1857  5339hamella ; valid (Tinea) 5340ensigerella Tinea)baccaestria Palparia)hastiferellus Walker, 1863; syn. part, female (Crambus) 5340carpenterellusa.  Packard, 1874; ssp. (Crambus) 5340alienellus ;Chilo) 5341valid extralimital Chilo)tigurinellus Duponchel, 1836Crambus)ocellellus Chilo)hemnesensis Strand, 1919Crambus)syn. aberration infrasubspecific syn. aberration infrasubspecific syn. aberration infrasubspecific  5341moestellus Walker, 1863; syn. (Crambus) 5341dissectusb.  Grote, 1880; ssp. (Crambus) 5341bidens Zeller, 1872; valid (Crambus) 5342perlella ; valid  5343argentella Tinea)dealbella Tinea)arbustella Tinea)argyreus Stephens, 1834Crambus)arbustorum Stephens, 1834Crambus)warringtonellus Stainton, 1849Crambus)pseudorostellus M\u00fcller-Rutz, 1923Crambus)obscurellus Osthelder, 1939Crambus)syn. aberration infrasubspecific  5343sericinellus Zeller, 1863; syn. (Crambus) 5343inornatellus Clemens, 1864; syn. (Crambus) 5343aurellusb.  Zerny, 1914Crambus)cupriacellusc.  Zerny, 1914Crambus)flavonitellusd.  Zerny, 1935Crambus)auratus Platytes)syn. form, extralimital ssp. extralimital ssp. extralimital nigerrimusg.  Caradja, 1916Crambus)pamirih.  Bleszynski, 1959Crambus)hachimantaiensisi.  Okano, 1957Crambus)ssp. extralimital  5344exesus Grote, 1880; syn. (Crambus) 5344whitmerellus Klots, 1942; valid (Crambus) 5345brownia.  Klots, 1942; ssp. (Crambus) 5345tutillus McDunnough, 1921; valid (Crambus) 5346awemellus McDunnough, 1921; valid (Crambus) 5347lyonsellus Haimbach, 1915; valid (Crambus) 5348youngellus Kearfott, 1908; valid (Crambus) 5349daeckellus Haimbach, 1907; valid (Crambus) 5350PageBreakgausapalis Hulst, 1886; valid (Crambus) 5351trichusalis Hulst, 1886; valid (Crambus) 5352cockleellus Kearfott, 1908; valid (Crambus) 5353ainslieellus Klots, 1942; valid (Crambus) 5354praefectellus ; valid (Chilo) 5355 372involutellus Clemens, 1860; syn. (Crambus) 5355 372oslarellusa.  Haimbach, 1908; ssp. (Crambus) 5355bigelovi Klots, 1967; valid (Crambus) 5356leachellus ; valid (Chilo) 5357 373pulchellus Zeller, 1863; syn. (Crambus) 5357 373lativittellus Zeller, 1863; syn. (Crambus) 5357 373hastiferellus Walker, 1863; syn. part male (Crambus) 5357 373cypridalis Hulst, 1886; valid (Crambus) 5358 374occidentalis Grote, 1880; valid (Crambus) 5359 375agricolellus Dyar, 1923; syn. (Crambus) 5359 375rickseckerellus Klots, 1940; valid (Crambus) 5360 376albellus Clemens, 1860; valid (Crambus) 5361agitatellus Clemens, 1860; valid (Crambus) 5362alboclavellus Zeller, 1863; syn. (Crambus) 5362carolinellus Haimbach, 1915; syn. (Crambus) 5362saltuellus Zeller, 1863; valid (Crambus) 5363multilinellus Fernald, 1887; valid (Crambus) 5364 377girardellus Clemens, 1860; valid (Crambus) 5365nivihumellus Walker, 1863; syn. (Crambus) 5365watsonellus Klots, 1942; valid (Crambus) 5366 378sanfordellus Klots, 1942; valid (Crambus) 5367 379braunellus Klots, 1940; valid (Crambus) 5368 380quinquareatus Zeller, 1877; valid (Crambus) 5369 381extorralis Hulst, 1886; syn. (Crambus) 5369 381argentictus Hampson, 1919; syn. (Crambus) 5369 381sperryellus Klots, 1940; valid (Crambus) 5370leuconotus Zeller, 1881; valid (Crambus) 5371 384satrapellus ; valid (Chilo) 5372 386elegantellus Walker, 1863; syn. (Crambus) 5372 386aculeilellus Walker, 1863; syn. (Crambus) 5372 386aureorufus Hampson, 1919; syn. (Crambus) 5372 386cyrilellus Klots, 1942; valid (Crambus) 5373 390harrisi Klots, 1967; valid (Crambus) 5374 391johnsoni Klots, 1942; valid (Crambus) 5375 392sargentellus Klots, 1942; valid (Crambus) 5376 393angustexon Bleszynski, 1962; valid (Crambus) 5377 394laqueatellus Clemens, 1860; valid (Crambus) 5378semifusellus Walker, 1863; syn. (Crambus) 5378PageBreakdimidiatellus Grote, 1883Crambus) 5388leucorhabdon Hampson, 1919; syn. (Crambus) 5388angulatus Barnes & McDunnough, Crambus) 5405 415valid misplaced  5405 415SchoenobiinaeCarectocultus A. Blanchard, 1975perstrialis ; valid (Agriphila) 5307 538repugnatalis Chilo) 5308 539serriradiellus ; syn. (Crambus) 5307 538macrinellus ; syn. (Schoenobius) 5307 538funerellus ; syn. (Chilo) 539consortalis ; syn. (Argyria) 5308 539dominicki A. Blanchard, 1975; valid (Carectocultus) 5309 537Leptosteges Warren, 1889xantholeucalis ; valid (Parthenodes) 5300 552fasciella ; syn. (Scirpophaga) 5300 552flavicostella ; valid (Scirpophaga) 5301 544flavifascialis ; valid (Patissa) 5302 545parthenialis ; valid (Patissa) 5303 548chrysozona ; valid (Patissa) 5304 543sordidalis ; valid (Patissa) 5305 550vestaliella ; valid (Scirpophaga) 5306 551Rupela Walker, 1863Storteria Barnes & McDunnough, 1913segrega Heinrich, 1937; valid (Rupela) 5310 563tinctella ; valid  5311 566zelleri ; syn. (Scirpophaga) 5311 566holophaealis ; syn. (Scirpophaga) 5311 566unicolor ; syn. (Storteria) 5311 566sejuncta Heinrich, 1937; valid (Rupela) 5312 571Donacaula Meyrick, 1890sordidellus ; valid (Chilo) 5313 597unipunctellus ; valid (Schoenobius) 5314 599tripunctellus ; valid (Schoenobius) 5315 598melinellus ; valid (Chilo) 5316dispersellus ; valid (Schoenobius) 5316albicostellus ; valid (Schoenobius) 5316uniformellus ; syn. (Schoenobius) 5316aquilellus ; valid (Chilo) 5317clemensellus ; syn. (Schoenobius) 5317pallulellus ;Schoenobius) 5318 595valid ; valid (Chilo) 5319amblyptepennis ; syn. (Schoenobius) 5320roscidellus ; valid (Schoenobius) 5321 596bicolorellus ; syn. (Schoenobius) 601nitidellus ; valid (Schoenobius) 5322 594uxorialis ; valid (Schoenobius) 5323 600maximellus ; valid (Schoenobius) 5324 593LathrotelinaeSufetula Walker, 1859Loetrina Walker, 1863Mirobriga Walker, 1863Pseudochoreutes Snellen, 1880Nannomorpha Turner, 1908Perforadix Sein, 1930diminutalis ; valid (Isopteryx) 5120 2933dematrialis ; syn. (Hydrocampa) 5120 2933carbonalis Hayden, 2013Sufetula)AcentropinaeOligostigmoides Lange, 1956cryptalis Cataclysta) 4766 1013cryptale ;Oligostigma) 1013syn. emendation ; valid (Nymphula) 4758 1053Elophila H\u00fcbner, 1822Elophila H\u00fcbner, 1806Hydrocampus Berthold, 1827Hydrocampa Stephens, 1829Hydrocampe Latreille, 1829Synclita Lederer, 1863Munroessa Lange, 1956Cyrtogramme Yoshiyasu, 1985ekthlipsis Hydrocampa) 4747icciusalis ; valid (Leucochroma) 4748 1057formosalis ; syn. (Hydrocampa) 4748 1057genuialis ; syn. (Hydrocampa) 4748 1057albiplagaa.  ; ssp. (Munroessa) 4748avalonab.  ; ssp. (Munroessa) 4748faulalis ; valid (Leucochroma) 4749 1058pacalis ; syn. (Hydrocampa) 4749 1058nebulosalis ; valid (Hydrocampa) 4750 1059gyralis ; valid (Hydrocampa) 4751 1055dentilinea ; syn. (Nymphula) 4751 1055PageBreakserralinealis Nymphula) 4751 1055syn. ; valid (Synclita) 4754 1064obliteralis ; valid (Isopteryx) 4755 1061proprialis ; syn. (Hydrocampa) 4755 1061atlantica ; valid (Synclita) 4756occidentalis ; valid (Synclita) 4757 1063Contiger Lange, 1956vittatalis ; valid (Oligostigma) 4752 1067Parapoynx H\u00fcbner, [1825]Paraponyx Guen\u00e9e, 1854Eustales Clemens, 1860; preocc. by Schoenherr, 1826Sironia Clemens, 1860; preocc. by H\u00fcbner, 1823Nymphaeella Grote, 1880Hydreuretis Meyrick, 1885Microdracon Warren, 1890Cosmophylla Turner, 1908maculalis ; valid (Sironia) 4759 1076seminivella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 4759 1076dispar ; syn. (Nymphaeella) 4759 1076foeminalis ;Nymphula) 4759 1076syn. aberration, infrasubspecific ;Nymphula) 4759 1076syn. aberration, infrasubspecific ; valid (Oligostigma) 4760 1078badiusalis ; valid (Cymoriza) 4761 1079albalis ; syn. (Oligostigma) 4761 1079curviferalis ; valid (Oligostigma) 4762 1080seminealis ; valid (Oligostigma) 4763 1081tedyuscongalis ; syn.  4763 1081allionealis Walker, 1859; valid (Paraponyx) 4764 1082itealis Hydrocampa) 4764 1082aptalis Lederer, 1863; syn. (Parapoynx) 4764 1082cretacealis Lederer, 1863; syn. (Parapoynx) 4764 1082plenilinealis Grote, 1881; syn. (Paraponyx) 4764 1082diminutalis Snellen, 1880; valid (Parapoynx) 4765 1091dicentra Meyrick, 1885Paraponyx)pallida Oligostigma)uxorialis Nymphula)Neocataclysta Lange, 1956magnificalis ; valid  4743 1096lamialis ; syn. (Cataclysta) 4743 1096helopalis ; syn. (Cataclysta?) 4743 1096PageBreakChrysendeton Grote, 1881medicinalis ; valid (Cataclysta) 4744 1104kimballi Lange, 1956; valid (Chrysendeton) 4745 1105imitabilis ; valid (Elophila) 4746 1106nigrescens Heppner, 1991Chrysendeton)Nymphuliella Lange, 1956daeckealis ; valid (Diathrausta) 4753broweri ; syn. (Nymphula) 4753Argyractis Hampson, 1897drumalis Elophila) 4770 1129Neargyractis Lange, 1956slossonalis ; valid (Elophila) 4769 1144Usingeriessa Lange, 1956onyxalis ; valid (Cataclysta) 4767 1151cancellalis ; syn. (Elophila) 4767 1151brunnildalis ; valid (Elophila) 4768 1150Petrophila Guilding, 1830Parargyractis Lange, 1956daemonalis ; valid (Elophila) 4771 1162cappsi ; valid (Parargyractis) 4772 1194kearfottalis ;Cataclysta) 4773 1193valid ;Elophila) 1193syn. infrasubspecific, nomen nudum ; valid (Cataclysta) 4774 1195jaliscalis ; valid (Cataclysta) 4775 1231satanalis ; syn. (Elophila) 4775 1231hodgesi ; valid (Parargyractis) 4776fulicalis ; valid (Cataclysta) 4777 1228angulatalis ; syn. (Cataclysta) 4777 1228santafealis ; valid (Parargyractis) 4778 1229canadensis ; valid (Parargyractis) 4779confusalis ; valid (Cataclysta) 4780truckeealis ; syn. (Elophila) 4780avernalis ; valid (Chrysendeton) 4781 1225confusalis ;Argyractis) 4781 1225syn. preocc. by Walker, [1866] ; valid (Cataclysta) 4782 1223longipennis ; valid (Argyractis) 4783 1224schaefferalis ; valid (Elophila) 4784 1226castusalis ; syn. (Argyractis) 4784 1226heppneri A. Blanchard & Knudson, 1983Petrophila) 1230valid ; valid (Elophila) 4785 1251floridalis Lange, 1956; valid (Eoparargyractis) 4786 1250plevie ; valid (Elophila) 4787 1249Oxyelophila Forbes, 1922callista Forbes, 1922; valid (Argyractis (Oxyelophila)) 4788 1252Acentria Stephens, 1829Setina H\u00fcbner, 1819Zancle Stephens, 1833Acentropus Curtis, 1834ephemerella ;Tinea)valid introduced ; syn. (Phryganea) 5299sembris ; syn. (Bombyx)phryganea ; syn. (Bombyx)ephemera ; syn. (Setina)hansoni ; syn. (Zancle) 5299garnonsii ; syn. (Acentropus) 5299nivosa Phryganea)newae ; syn. (Acentropus)latipennis ; syn. (Acentropus)badensis ; syn. (Acentropus)germanicus ; syn. (Acentropus)obscurusa.  ; ssp. extralimital (Acentropus)PyralidaeChrysauginaeCaphys Walker, 1863Ugra Walker, 1863Euexippe Ragonot, 1891arizonensis Munroe, 1970; valid (Caphys) 5537 3267Parachma Walker, [1866]Zazaca Walker, [1866]Perseis Ragonot, 1891; preocc. by Gistl, 1848Perseistis Strand, 1921; repl. nameArtopsis Dyar, 1908ochracealis Walker, [1866]; valid (Parachma) 5538 3457auratalis ; syn. (Zazaca) 5538 3457culiculalis ; syn. (Asopia) 5538 3457borregalis Artopsis) 5539 3452nua ; syn. (Artopsis) 5538 3457PageBreakBasacallis Cashatt, 1984tarachodes ; valid (Parachma) 5540 3251Acallis Ragonot, 1891Polloccia Dyar, 1910gripalis ; valid (Aglossa) 5541 3208fernaldi Ragonot, 1891; syn.  5541 3208angustipennis ; syn. (Ugra) 5541 3208centralis Dyar, 1910Acallis) 5542 3207alticolalis Polloccia) 5543 3206Zaboba Dyar, 1914mitchelli Acallis) 5544 3579unicoloralis Munroe, 1970; valid (Zaboba) 5545 3581Anemosella Dyar, 1914Balidarcha Dyar, 1914basalis Dyar, 1914; valid (Anemosella) 3215polingalis Barnes & Benjamin, 1926Anemosella) 5548 3218nevalis ; valid (Lepidomys) 5546 3216obliquata ; valid (Earias) 5547 3217albistrigalis ;Chalinitis) 5547 3217syn. ; valid  5549 3219cuis Balidarcha) 5549 3219Lepidomys Guen\u00e9e, 1852Chalinitis Ragonot, 1891irrenosa Guen\u00e9e, 1852; valid (Lepidomys) 5550 3400olealis ; syn.  5550 3400Epitamyra Ragonot, 1891albomaculalis Tamyra) 3336Paragalasa Cashatt, 2013exospinalis Cashatt, 2013; valid Negalasa Barnes & McDunnough, 1913fumalis Barnes & McDunnough; 1913; valid  5551 3436rubralis Barnes & McDunnough, 1913Negalasa) 5551 3437Galasa Walker, 1866Cordylopeza Zeller, 1873nigrinodis ; valid (Cordylopeza) 5552 3352rubrana Fitch, 1891;Galasa) 5552 3352nomen nudum published in syn.  5552 3352nomen nudum published in syn. ;Cordylopeza) 5553 3353valid  5553 3353PageBreakPenthesilea Ragonot, 1891difficilis ; valid (Amblyura) 3475leucogramma Tetraschistis) 5554 3475sacculalis Ragonot, 1891; valid (Penthesilea) 5555 3476baboquivariensisa.  Cashatt, 2013Penthesilea)Tosale Walker, 1863Fabatana Walker, [1866]Siparocera Grote, 1875Callocera Grote, 1875; unavailable (ICZN Art. 11d)Siparocera Robinson, 1876; preocc. by Grote, 1875Restidia Dyar, 1914oviplagalis ; valid (Fabatana) 5556 3552anthoecioides ; syn. (Asopia) 5556 3552nobilis ; syn. (Siparocera) 3552nobilis ; syn. redescription (Siparocera) 5556 3552similalis Barnes & Benjamin, 1924; valid  5557 3553aucta Hampson, 1892; valid  5558 3544Salobrena Walker, 1863Oectoperia Zeller, [1876]Ballonicha M\u00f6schler, 1886Teucronoma Meyrick, 1936sincera ; valid (Oectoperia) 5559 3499recurvata ; valid  3497rubiginea Abaera) 5560 3497vacuana ; valid (Rucuma) 3501birectalis Epitamyra) 5561 3501Satole Dyar, 1908ligniperdalis Dyar, 1908; valid (Satole) 5562 3508Clydonopteron Riley, 1880sacculana ; valid  3306tecomae Riley, 1880Clydonopteron) 5563 3306Bonchis Walker, 1862Ethnistis Lederer, 1863Gazaca Walker, [1866]Vurna Walker, [1866]Zarania Walker, [1866]munitalis ; valid (Ethnistis) 5564 3259instructalis ; syn. (Vurna) 5564 3259cossalis ; syn. (Zarania) 5564 3259dirutalis ; syn. (Gazaca) 5564 3259Streptopalpia Hampson, 1895minusculalis ; valid (Tamyra) 5565 3524deera ; syn.  5565 3524PageBreakustalis Hampson, 1895; syn.  5565 3524Arta Grote, 1875Xantippides Dyar, [1908]statalis Grote, 1875; valid (Arta) 5566 3237epicoenalis Ragonot, 1891; valid (Arta) 5567 3231descansalis Xantippides) 5567 3231beatifica Xantippe) 5569 3564brevivalvalis Cashatt, 2013Arta)olivalis Grote, 1878; valid (Arta) 5568 3234Condylolomia Grote, 1873participialis Grote, 1873; valid (Condylolomia) 5571 3309Heliades Ragonot, 1891mulleolella ; valid (Pempelia) 5574 3372uranides Xantippe) 5570 3578lindae Cashatt, 2013Heliades)huachucalis Pyrausta) 5574 3372GalleriinaeGalleria Fabricius, 1798Adeona Rafinesque, 1815Cerioclepta Sodoffsky, 1837Vindana Walker, 1866mellonella ; valid  5622 3584cereana ; syn.  5622 3584cerella ; syn. emendation (Tinea) 5622 3584cerea ; syn. emendation (Tinea) 5622 3584cerealis H\u00fcbner, 1825; syn. emendation  5622 3584obliquella ; syn. (Vindana) 5622 3584austrinia Felder, Felder & Rogenhofer, 1875;Galleria) 5622 3584syn.  5622 3584syn. infrasubspecific, aberration ; valid nomen protectum (Tinea) 5623 3585cinerana ; syn. supressed name  3585aluearia ; syn.  5623 3585cinereola ; syn. (Bombyx) 5623 3585alvea ; syn. emendation  5623 3585alvearia Galleria)alveariella ; syn. emendation (Meliphora) 5623 3585anticella ; syn. (Tinea) 5623 3585obscurevittella Ragonot, 1901; syn. (Achroia) 5623 3585PageBreakmajor Dufrane, 1930;Achroia) 5623 3585syn. infrasubspecific, aberration  3585syn. infrasubspecific, variety  5624 3586indecora ; syn. (Aganactesis) 5624 3586Omphalocera Lederer, 1863cariosa Lederer, 1863; valid  5625 3587dentosa Grote, 1881; syn.  5625 3587occidentalis Barnes & Benjamin, 1924; valid  5626 3589munroei Martin, 1956; valid emendation  5627 3588Thyridopyralis Dyar, 1901gallaerandialis Dyar, 1901; valid  5628 3590Aphomia H\u00fcbner, [1825]Ilithyia Berthold, 1827Melia Curtis, 1828; preocc. Bosc, 1813Melissoblaptes Zeller, 1839Aphomoea Agassiz, [1847]; emendationArenipses Hampson, 1901sociella ; valid  5629colonella ; syn. (Tinea) 5629tribunella ; syn. (Tinea) 5629socia ; syn. emendation (Lithosia) 5629colonum ; syn. emendation (Crambus) 5629colonatus ; syn. emendation (Crambus) 5629rufinella Krulikowsky, 1909;Aphomia) 5629syn. infrasubspecific asiatica Caradja, 1916Aphomia)virescens Skala, 1929; syn. infrasubspecific (Aphomia) 5629minor Dufrane, 1930; syn. infrasubspecific (Aphomia) 5629lanceolata Dufrane, 1930; syn. infrasubspecific (Aphomia) 5629eritrella Della Beffa, 1941Aphomia)pedemontella Della Beffa, 1941Aphomia)terrenella Zeller, 1848; valid (Aphomia) 5630furellus ; syn. (Melissoblaptes) 5630decorella Paralipsa) 5633fulminalis Melissoblaptes) 3592gularis Melissoblaptes) 5632modesta ; syn.  5632PageBreaktenebrosus ; syn. (Melissoblaptes) 5632cephalonica Melissoblaptes) 5634 3594oeconomellus ; syn. (Melissoblaptes) 5634 3594translineella ; syn. (Corcyra) 5634 3594theobromae ; syn. (Tineopsis) 5634 3594lineata ; syn. (Anerastia) 3594Epimorius Zeller, 1877Athaliptis Schaus, 1913testaceellus Ragonot, 1887Epimorius) 3598Stenopaschia Hampson, 1906Stenopaschia Dyar, 1914Tapinolopha Dyar, 1918trichopteris Dyar, 1914Stenopaschia) 3611Tapinolopha) 3611variegata ; syn. ; valid (Macrotheca) 5635 3621vulnifera ; syn. (Macrotheca) 5635 3621bilinealis ;Macrotheca) comb. n. 5636 3618valid ;Macrotheca) comb. n. 5637 3617valid ;Macrotheca) 5638 3627valid ; valid (Macrotheca) 5639 3628ponda Dyar, 1907; valid (Cacotherapia) 5640 3626nigrocinereella ; valid (Aurora) 5641 3624flexilinealis Dyar, 1905; valid (Cacotherapia) 5642 3620leucocope ; valid (Macrotheca) 5643 3623lecerfialis ; valid (Macrotheca) 5644 3622Alpheias Ragonot, 1891Amestria Ragonot, 1891vicarilis Dyar, 1913; valid (Alpheias) 5645 3636transferens Dyar, 1913; valid (Alpheias) 5646 3635querula Dyar, 1913; valid (Alpheias) 5647 3634oculiferalis ; valid (Amestria) 5648 3633Alpheioides Barnes & McDunnough, 1912parvulalis Barnes & McDunnough, 1912;Alpheioides) 5649 3637valid  5650 3638valid ; valid (Myelois) 5651nebulo ; syn. (Phycita) 5651nebulella Riley, 1872; syn. (Phycita (Acrobasis)) 5651zelatella ; syn. (Myelois) 5651grossbecki Mineola) 5652syn.  5653amplexella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Acrobasis) 5654tricolorella Grote, 1878; valid (Acrobasis) 5655 3922scitulella ; syn. (Mineola) 5655 3922comptella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Acrobasis) 5656 3923kofa Rhodophaea) 5697 3923fria Rhodophaea) 5699 3923neva Rhodophaea) 5700 3923minimella Ragonot, 1889; valid (Acrobasis) 5657nigrosignella Hulst, 1890; syn. (Acrobasis) 5657palliolella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Acrobasis) 5659albocapitella Hulst, 1888; syn. (Acrobasis) 5659feltella Dyar, 1910Acrobasis) 5658caryalbella Ely, 1913; valid (Acrobasis) 5660juglandis ; valid (Phycita) 5661 3925sylviella Ely, 1908; valid (Acrobasis) 5662kylesi Neunzig, 1986Acrobasis)tumidulella Cateremna) 5693kearfottella Dyar, 1905; syn. (Acrobasis) 5663caryae Grote, 1881; valid (Acrobasis) 5664carpinivorella Neunzig, 1970; valid (Acrobasis) 5665elyi Neunzig, 1970; valid (Acrobasis) 5666texana Neunzig, 1986Acrobasis)nuxvorella Neunzig, 1970; valid (Acrobasis) 5667juglanivorella Neunzig, 1986Acrobasis)PageBreakcaulivorella Neunzig, 1986Acrobasis)evanescentella Dyar, 1908; valid (Acrobasis) 5668stigmella Dyar, 1908; valid (Acrobasis) 5669aurorella Ely, 1910; valid (Acrobasis) 5670exsulella ; valid (Myelois) 5672septentrionella Dyar, 1925; syn. (Acrobasis) 5672peplifera Dyar, 1925Acrobasis) 5671angusella Grote, 1880; valid (Acrobasis) 5673eliella Dyar, 1908; syn. (Acrobasis) 5673demotella Grote, 1881; valid (Acrobasis) 5674latifasciella Dyar, 1908; valid (Acrobasis) 5675irrubriella Ely, 1908; valid (Acrobasis) 5676normella Dyar, 1908; valid (Acrobasis) 5677malipennella Dyar, 1908Acrobasis) 5678secundella Ely, 1913Acrobasis) 5681ostryella Ely, 1913; valid (Acrobasis) 5680coryliella Dyar, 1908; valid (Acrobasis) 5682cirroferella Hulst, 1892; valid (Acrobasis) 5684 3926myricella Barnes & McDunnough, 1917Acrobasis) 5692 3926syn.  5685caryivorella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Acrobasis) 5686comacornella Acrocaula) 5687betulella Hulst, 1890; valid (Acrobasis) 5688hebescella Hulst, 1890Acrobasis) 5683betulivorella Neunzig, 1975; valid (Acrobasis) 5689rubrifasciella Packard, 1874; valid (Acrobasis) 5690dyarella Ely, 1910Acrobasis) 5679alnella McDunnough, 1922; syn. (Acrobasis) 5690comptoniella Hulst, 1890; valid (Acrobasis) 5691blanchardorum Neunzig, 1973; valid (Acrobasis) 5694 3924caliginella Nephopteryx) 5695 3929caliginoidella ; syn. (Myelois) 5695 3929cruza Rhodophaea) 5696 3929durata Rhodophaea) 5698 3929yuba Rhodophaea) 5701 3929suavella Phycis) 5702porphyrea ; syn. (Phycita) 5702supposita ; syn. (Mineola) 5702pallicornella ; valid (Rhodophaea) 5703 3930Anabasis Heinrich, 1956ochrodesma ; valid (Myelois) 5704 3931crassisquamella ; syn. (Acrobasis) 5704 3931PageBreakHypsipyla Ragonot, 1888grandella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5705 3938cnabella Dyar, 1914; syn. (Hypsipyla) 5705 3938Anypsipyla Dyar, 1914univitella Dyar, 1914Anypsipyla) 3964Crocidomera Zeller, 1848imitata Neunzig, 1990Crocidomera)Cuniberta Heinrich, 1956subtinctella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5707Adanarsa Heinrich, 1956intransitella ; valid (Rhodophaea) 5708Bertelia Barnes & McDunnough, 1913grisella Barnes & McDunnough, 1913; valid (Bertelia) 5709 3954dupla A. Blanchard, 1976; valid (Bertelia) 5710 3955Hypargyria Ragonot, 1888slossonella ; valid  5711 3957tenuella ;Acrobasis) 5711 3957syn. ; valid (Myelois) 5712 3959hystriculella ; valid (Acrobasis) 5713 3958bicolorella ;Rhodophaea) 5714valid ; valid (Myelois) 5717 3961subtetricella ; valid (Myelois) 5718zonulella ; syn. (Myelois) 5718obnupsella ; syn. (Myelois) 5718minutularia Dioryctria) 5719 3960coniella Myelois) 5716 3960nefas Rampylla) 5716 3960alatella ; valid (Acrobasis) 5720 3962rectistrigella ; syn. (Myelois) 5720 3962fragilella ; syn. (Myelois) 5720 3962piazzella ; syn. (Myelois) 5720 3962Myelopsoides Neunzig, 1998venustus Neunzig, 1998; valid (Myelopsoides)Apomyelois Heinrich, 1956Ectomyelois Heinrich, 1956Spectrobates Roesler, 1956 bistriatella ; valid (Dioryctria) 5721bilineatella ; syn. (Myelois) 5721subcognata Myelois)neophanes Myelois)PageBreakceratoniae ; valid (Myelois) 5723 3966ceratoniella ; syn. (Phycis) 5723 3966pryerella ; syn. (Trachonitis) 5723 3966tuerkheimiella ; syn. (Myelois) 5723 3966zellerella ; syn. (Euzophera) 5723 3966dentilinella ; syn. (Phycita) 3966psarella ; syn. (Hypsipyla) 5723 3966rivulalis ;Heterographis) 3966syn. ; syn. (Myelois) 5723 3966phoenicis ; syn. (Myelois) 5723 3966durandi ; syn. (Laodamia) 3966Amyelois Amsel, 1956Paramyelois Heinrich, 1956transitella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5724 3971notatalis ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5724 3971solitella ; syn. (Myelois) 5724 3971duplipunctella ; syn. (Myelois) 5724 3971venipars ; syn. (Myelois) 5724 3971cassiae ; syn. (Emporia) 5724 3971Fundella Zeller, 1848Ballovia Dyar, 1913pellucens Zeller, 1848; valid (Fundella) 5725 4013cistipennis ; syn.  5725 4013argentina Dyar, 1919; valid (Fundella) 5726 4014eucasis Dyar, 1919; syn. (Fundella) 5726 4014agapella Schaus, 1923Fundella)ignobilis Heinrich, 1956Fundella) 4016Promylea Ragonot, 1887lunigerella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Promylea) 5727glendellaa.  ; ssp. (Myelois) 5727Anadelosemia Dyar, 1919texanella ; valid (Myelois) 5728 4035dulciella ; syn. (Myelois) 5728 4035condigna Heinrich, 1956; valid (Anadelosemia) 5729Dasypyga Ragonot, 1887alternosquamella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Dasypyga) 5730 4036stictophorella Ragonot, 1887; syn. (Dasypyga) 5730 4036salmocolor A. Blanchard, 1970; valid (Dasypyga) 5731 4037Scorylus Heinrich, 1956cubensis Heinrich, 1956Scorylus) 4045Davara Walker, 1859Homalopalpia Dyar, 1914PageBreakEucardinia Dyar, 1918caricae ; valid (Ulophora) 5732 4046dalera ; syn.  5732 4046Sarasota Hulst, 1900Cuba Dyar, 1919plumigerella Hulst, 1900; valid (Sarasota) 5733Atheloca Heinrich, 1956subrufella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5734 4069filiolella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5734 4069ptychis ; syn.  5734 4069Triozosneura A. Blanchard, 1973dorsonotata A. Blanchard, 1973; valid (Triozosneura) 5735 4082Monoptilota Hulst, 1900pergratialis ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5736 4092grotella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5736 4092nubilella Hulst, 1900; syn. (Monoptilota) 5736 4092Zamagiria Dyar, 1914Anegcephalesis Dyar, 1917australella ; valid (Selagia) 5737bumeliella ;Immyrla) 5737syn. ; valid (Myelois) 5739 4099deia Dyar, 1919; syn. (Zamagiria) 5739 4099striella Dyar, 1919; syn. (Zamagiria) 5739 4099arctella ; valid (Phycita) 5740 4103cathaeretes ; syn.  5740 4103Philocrotona Neunzig, 2003kendalli ; valid (Zamagiria) 5738 4102Ancylostomia Ragonot, 1893stercorea ; valid (Myelois) 5741 4105ignobilis ; syn. (Anerastia) 5741 4105diffissella ; syn. (Pempelia) 5741 4105Caristanius Heinrich, 1956decoloralis ; valid (Trachonitis) 5742 4110metagrammalis ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5742 4110furfurella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5742 4110floridellus ; syn.  5742 4110minimus Neunzig, 1977; valid (Caristanius) 5743 4111Etiella Zeller, 1839Rhamphodes Guen\u00e9e, 1845Mella Walker, 1859Alata Walker, 1863; preocc. by Linck, 1783Arucha Walker, 1863PageBreakModiana Walker, 1863Ceratamma Butler, 1881zinckenella ; valid (Phycis) 5744 4113etiella ; syn. repl. name (Phycis) 5744 4113colonnellus ; syn. (Chilo) 5744 4113majorellus ; syn. (Chilo) 5744 4113dymnusalis ; syn. (Mella) 5744 4113heraldella ; syn. (Rhamphodes) 5744 4113anticalis ; syn. (Alata) 5744 4113indicatalis ; syn. (Arucha) 5744 4113hastiferella ; syn. (Alata) 5744 4113decipiens Staudinger, 1870;Etiella) 5744 4113syn. infrasubspecific, aberration  5744 4113sabulinus ; syn. (Crambus) 5744 4113madagascariensis Saalm\u00fcller, 1880; syn. (Etiella) 5744 4113schisticolor Zeller, 1881; syn. (Etiella) 5744 4113villosella Hulst, 1887; syn. (Etiella) 5744 4113rubribasella Hulst, 1890; syn. (Etiella) 5744 4113Glyptocera Ragonot, 1889consobrinella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5745busckella ; syn. (Ambesa) 5745Pima Hulst, 1888boisduvaliella ; valid (Epischnia) 5746farrella ; syn. (Anerastia) 5746lafauryiella ; syn. (Myelois) 5746albiplagiatella ; valid (Myelois) 5747 4114occidentalis Heinrich, 1956Pima) 5747 4114fosterella Hulst, 1888; valid (Pima) 5748albocostalialis ; valid (Ephestia) 5750 4115subcostella Epischnia) 5750 4115albocostalis ; syn. emendation (Epischnia) 5750 4115fulvirugella ; valid (Epischnia) 5751vividella Epischnia) 5749granitella ; valid (Epischnia) 5752 4116piperella ; syn. (Megasis) 5752 4116parkerella ; valid (Epischnia) 5753fergusoni Neunzig, 2003Pima)Pimodes A. Blanchard, 1976insularis A. Blanchard, 1976; valid (Pimodes) 5754 4117caliginosus Neunzig, 2003Pimodes)Interjectio Heinrich, 1956denticulella ; valid (Pristophora) 5755PageBreakruderella Epischnia) 5757columbiella ; valid (Ambesa) 5756niviella ; valid (Lipographis) 5758Ambesa Grote, 1880laetella Grote, 1880; valid (Ambesa) 5759walsinghami ; valid (Pristophora) 5760 4118monodon Dyar, 1913; syn. (Ambesa) 5760 4118mirabella Dyar, 1908Ambesa) 5760 4118lallatalis ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5761dentifera Neunzig, 2003Ambesa)Catastia H\u00fcbner, 1825Diosia Duponchel, 1832bistriatella ; valid (Pyla) 5762incorruscella ; valid (Pyla) 5763actualis ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5764subactualis Neunzig, 2003Catastia)Glyphocystis A. Blanchard, 1973viridivallis A. Blanchard, 1973; valid (Glyphocystis) 5765 4119Immyrla Dyar, 1906nigrovittella Dyar, 1906; valid (Immyrla) 5766Oreana Hulst, 1888unicolorella ; valid (Dioryctria) 5767leucophaella ; syn. (Myelois) 5767Olybria Heinrich, 1956aliculella ; valid (Myelois) 5768 4120oberthuriella ; syn.  5768 4120furciferella ; valid  5769Salebriacus Heinrich, 1956odiosella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5770 4121bakerella ; syn.  5770 4121yumaella ; syn.  5770 4121Salebriaria Heinrich, 1956ademptandella Salebria) 5771turpidella ; valid  5771nubiferella ; valid  5772borealis Neunzig, 1988Salebriaria)chisosensis Neunzig, 1988Salebriaria) 4122engeli ; valid  5773roseopunctella Neunzig, 2003Salebriaria)fasciata Neunzig, 1988Salebriaria)rufimaculatella Neunzig, 1988Salebriaria)annulosella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5774robustella Salebria) 5774PageBreakbella Neunzig, 1988Salebriaria)fergusonella Psorosina)valid  4124tenebrosella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5775quercicolella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5775heinrichalis ; syn.  5775equivoca Neunzig, 1988Salebriaria) 4123integra Neunzig, 1988Salebriaria)maximella Neunzig, 1988Salebriaria)simpliciella Neunzig, 1988Salebriaria)carolynae Neunzig, 1988Salebriaria)kanawha Neunzig, 2003Salebriaria)squamopalpiella Neunzig, 1988Salebriaria)floridana Neunzig, 2003Salebriaria)pallidella Neunzig, 2003Salebriaria)pumilella ; valid  5776georgiella ; syn.  5776Quasisalebria Heinrich, 1956atratella Salebriaria)valid Myelois) 5777rectistrigella ; syn.  5777occidentalis Salebriaria)admixta Heinrich, 1956; valid  5779 4125Ortholepis Ragonot, 1887Metriostola Ragonot, 1893jugosella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Ortholepis) 5780myricella McDunnough, 1958; valid (Ortholepis) 5781baloghi Neunzig, 2003Ortholepis)rhodorella McDunnough, 1958; valid (Ortholepis) 5782pasadamia ; valid (Immyrla) 5783Polopeustis Ragonot, 1893arctiella ; valid (Pyla) 5784Meroptera Grote, 1882Emmerita Hampson, 1930mirandella Ragonot, 1893; valid (Meroptera) 5785 4127anaimella A. Blanchard & Knudson, 1985Meroptera) 4126valid cviatella Dyar, 1905; valid (Meroptera) 5786pravella ; valid (Pempelia) 5787abditiva Heinrich, 1956; valid (Meroptera) 5788PageBreakSciota Hulst, 1888Denticera Amsel, 1961Apodentinodia Roesler, 1969Clasperopsis Roesler, 1969Paranephopterix Roesler, 1969subfuscella ; valid  5789semiobscurella ; syn.  5789delassalis ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5790purpurella ; syn.  5790pudibundella ; syn.  5790fraudifera Nephopteryx)rubescentella ; valid (Mineola) 5791fernaldi ; valid  5792dammersi ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5793 4128floridensis Nephopteryx) 5793vetustella ; valid  5794inconditella ; valid  5795 4129subcaesiella ; valid (Pempelia) 5796contatella ; syn. (Pempelia) 5796virgatella ; valid (Pempelia) 5797quinquepunctella ; syn. (Pempelia) 5797carneella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5798inquilinella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5798basilaris ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5799tarmitalis Pempelia) 5800levigatella Salebria) 5800californiana Neunzig, 2003Sciota)yuconella Salebria) 5800bifasciella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5801 4130nogalesella ; syn.  5801 4130uvinella ; valid (Meroptera) 5802afflictella ; syn.  5802liquidambarella ; syn. (Meroptera) 5802celtidella ; valid  5803 4131rubrisparsella ; valid (Pristophora) 5804rufibasella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5804croceella Hulst, 1888; syn. (Sciota) 5804texanella ; syn. (Psorosa) 5804gilvibasella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5805 4132lacteella ; syn.  5805 4132quasisubfuscella Neunzig, 2003Sciota)crassifasciella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5806decipientella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5806PageBreakcrataegella ;Nephopteryx) 5806syn. ; valid (Nephopterix) 5808 4134gleditschiella ; syn. (Pempelia) 5808 4134Tulsa Heinrich, 1956finitella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5809 4135melanellus ; syn.  5809 4135umbripennis ; valid (Pinipestis) 5810gillettella ; syn. (Ortholepis) 5810oregonella ; valid  5811Telethusia Heinrich, 1956ovalis ; valid (Pempelia) 5812latisfasciatella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5812rhypodella Glyptoteles) 5813geminipunctella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5812modestella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5812Phobus Heinrich, 1956brucei ; valid (Dioryctria) 5814funerella ; valid  5815curvatella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5816 4139incertus Heinrich, 1956; valid (Phobus) 5817Actrix Heinrich, 1956nyssaecolella ; valid (Tacoma) 5818dissimulatrix Heinrich, 1956; valid (Actrix) 5819Stylopalpia Hampson, 1901scobiella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5820 4141decimerella ; syn. (Lipographis) 5820 4141luniferella Hampson, 1901Stylopalpia) 4140Hypochalcia H\u00fcbner, 1825Araxes Stephens, 1834ahenella ; valid (Tinea)aeneella ; syn. (Tinea)obscuratus ; syn. (Crambus)tetrix ; syn. rubiginella ; syn. (Phycis)bistrigella ; syn. (Phycis)fulginella ; syn. (Phycis)arduella ; syn. (Oncocera)luridella ; syn. (Phycis)bruneo-violaceella ; syn. (Phycis)ghilianii Staudinger, 1870; syn. fasciatella Staudinger, 1881; syn. PageBreakhulstiella Ragonot, 1887Hypochalcia) 5821caucasica Ragonot, 1893; syn. lugubrella E. M. Hering, 1924; syn. robustella Toll, 1938; syn. Pyla Grote, 1882Pyla Ragonot, 1887Matilella Leraut 2001fasciolalis ; valid (Pinipestis) 5822impostor Heinrich, 1956; valid (Pyla) 5823aequivoca Heinrich, 1956; valid (Pyla) 5824gaspeensis McDunnough, 1958Pyla) 5825araeneola Balogh & Wilterding, 1998Pyla)insinuatrix Heinrich, 1956; valid (Pyla) 5826aenigmatica Heinrich, 1956; valid (Pyla) 5827criddlella Dyar, 1907; valid (Pyla) 5828fusca ; valid (Phycis) 5829spadicella ; syn. (Phycis) 5829carbonariella ;Phycis) 5829syn. ; syn. (Phycis) 5829posticella Phycis)annulatella Phycis)bilineata Phycita)moestella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5829procellariana ; syn. (Paedisca) 5829frigidella ; syn. (Eudorea) 5829cacabella ; syn. (Pinipestis) 5829triplagiatella ; syn.  5829hypochalciella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5830blackmorella Dyar, 1921; syn. (Pyla) 5830hanhamella Dyar, 1904; valid (Pyla) 5831westerlandi Wilterding & Balogh, 2002Pyla)scintillans ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5832feella Dyar, 1921; syn. (Pyla) 5832sylphiella Dyar, 1921; syn. (Pyla) 5832longispina Neunzig, 2003Pyla)serrata Neunzig, 2003Pyla)rainierella Dyar, 1904; valid (Pyla) 5833aeneella Hulst, 1895; valid (Pyla) 5834aeneoviridella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Pyla) 5835metalicella Hulst, 1895; valid (Pyla) 5836fasciella Barnes & McDunnough, 1917; valid (Pyla) 5837nigricula Heinrich, 1956; valid (Pyla) 5838PageBreakviridisuffusella Barnes & McDunnough, 1917; valid (Pyla) 5839Utah Ferris, 2012sanrafaelensis Ferris, 2012; valid (Utah)Phycitopsis Ragonot, 1887flavicornella Ragonot, 1887;Phycitopsis) 5840valid identity uncertain ; valid (Pinipestis) 5841 4145reniculella ; syn. (Pinipestis) 5841 4145elegantella ; syn. (Myelois) 5841 4145taedae Schaber & Wood, 1971; valid (Dioryctria) 5842reniculelloides Mutuura & Munroe, 1973; valid (Dioryctria) 5843pseudotsugella Munroe, 1959; valid (Dioryctria) 5844rossi Munroe, 1959; valid (Dioryctria) 5845 4154auranticella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5846 4151miniatella Ragonot, 1887; syn. (Dioryctria) 5846 4151xanthaenobares Dyar, 1911; syn. (Dioryctria) 5846 4151disclusa Heinrich, 1953; valid (Dioryctria) 5847erythropasa ; valid (Pinipestis) 5848 4152pygmaeella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Dioryctria) 5849ponderosae Dyar, 1914; valid (Dioryctria) 5850okanaganella Mutuura, Munroe & Ross, 1969;Dioryctria) 5851valid zimmermani Grote, 1877;Nephopteryx (Dioryctria)) 5852valid ; syn. (Retinia) 5852resinosella Mutuura, 1982Dioryctria)delectella Salebria) 5852amatella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5853yatesi Mutuura & Munroe, 1979Dioryctria)cambiicola ; valid (Pinipestis) 5854tumicolella Mutuura, Munroe & Ross, 1969;Dioryctria) 5855valid  5856valid  5857valid  5858valid ; valid (Pinipestis) 5859westerlandi Donahue & Neunzig, 2002Dioryctria)fordi Donahue & Neunzig, 2002Dioryctria)mutuurai Neunzig, 2003Dioryctria)baumhoferi Heinrich, 1956; valid (Dioryctria) 5860pentictonella Mutuura, Munroe & Ross, 1969;Dioryctria) 5861valid vancouverella Mutuura, Munroe & Ross, 1969Dioryctria) 5861valid  4160valid ; valid (Acrobasis) 5862subtracta Heinrich, 1956; valid (Dioryctria) 5863clarioralis ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5863.1brunneella ; syn. (Ulophora) 5863.1inyoensis Neunzig, 2003Dioryctria)sierra Neunzig, 2003Dioryctria)caesirufella A. Blanchard & Knudson, 1983Dioryctria)valid merkeli Mutuura & Munroe, 1979Dioryctria)taedivorella Neunzig & Leidy, 1989Dioryctria)Oryctometopia Ragonot, 1888fossulatella Ragonot, 1888; valid (Oryctometopia) 5864 4162moeschleri ; syn. (Phycita) 5864 4162Sarata Ragonot, 1887edwardsialis ; valid (Megaphycis) 5865polyphemella ; syn. (Megaphycis) 5865pullatella ; valid (Megasis) 5866punctella ; valid (Megasis) 5867 4165septentrionaria Heinrich, 1956Sarata) 5867 4165incanella Hulst, 1895; valid (Sarata) 5868aridella ; syn. (Megasis) 5868atrella ; valid (Megasis) 5869caudellella Megasis) 5870dophnerella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Sarata) 5871nigrifasciella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Sarata) 5872cinereella Hulst, 1900; valid (Sarata) 5873rubrithoracella ;Megasis) 5874valid  5875alpha Heinrich, 1956Sarata) 5876PageBreakbeta Heinrich, 1956; valid unassociated female (Sarata) 5877gamma Heinrich, 1956; valid unassociated female (Sarata) 5878iota Heinrich, 1956; valid unassociated female (Sarata) 5879perfuscalis ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5880excantalis ; syn. (Anerastia) 5880epsilon Heinrich, 1956; valid unassociated female (Sarata) 5881phi Heinrich, 1956; valid unassociated female (Sarata) 5882kappa Heinrich, 1956; valid unassociated female (Sarata) 5883delta Heinrich, 1956; valid unassociated female (Sarata) 5884Philodema Heinrich, 1956rhoiella ; valid (Sarata) 5885Lipographis Ragonot, 1887fenestrella ; valid (Pempelia) 5886 4166leoninella Pempelia) 5887humilis Ragonot, 1887; syn. (Lipographis) 5886 4166pallidella ; syn. (Pyla) 5887truncatella ; valid  5888 4167umbrella ; valid (Sarata) 5889 4168unicolor Ferris, 2012Lipographis)Quasisarata Neunzig, 2003subosseella Lipographis) 4169Adelphia Heinrich, 1956petrella ; valid (Pempelia) 5890 4170rubiginella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5890 4170rufinalis ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5890 4170hapsella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5890 4170Pseudadelphia Neunzig, 2003ochripunctella ; valid  5891 4171Ufa Walker, 1863lithosella ; valid (Selagia) 5892 4173luteella ; syn. (Honora) 5892 4173roseitinctella Ancylostomia) 5893 4174senta Heinrich, 1956; valid (Ufa) 5894 4175rubedinella ; valid (Pempelia) 5895 4176translucida ; syn. (Acrobasis) 5895 4176rufescentalis ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5895 4176minualis ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5895 4176deprivalis ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5895 4176venezuelalis Walker, 1863; syn. (Ufa) 5895 4176pyrrhochrellus ; syn.  5895 4176Elasmopalpus Blanchard, 1852lignosellus ; valid (Pempelia) 5896 4178angustellus Blanchard, 1852; syn.  5896 4177PageBreaktartarella ; syn. (Pempelia) 5896 4178incautella ; syn. (Pempelia) 5896 4178major ; syn. (Pempelia) 5896 4178anthracellus Ragonot, 1888; syn.  5896 4178carbonella ; syn. (Dasypyga) 5896 4178puer Dyar, 1919; syn.  5896 4178Acroncosa Barnes & McDunnough, 1917albiflavella Barnes & McDunnough, 1917; valid (Acroncosa) 5897minima Neunzig, 2003Acroncosa)castrella Barnes & McDunnough, 1917Acroncosa) 5897similella Barnes & McDunnough, 1917; valid (Acroncosa) 5898Passadena Hulst, 1900flavidorsella ; valid (Anoristia) 5899 4179canescentella ; syn. (Meroptera) 5899 4179constantella Hulst, 1900; syn. (Passadena) 5899 4179cinctella ; syn. (Megasis) 5899 4179Passadenoides Neunzig, 2003donahuei Neunzig, 2003; valid (Passadenoides)pullus Neunzig, 2003; valid (Passadenoides)montanus Ferris, 2004Passadenoides)Chorrera Dyar, 1914extrincica Rhodophaea) 4185Ulophora Ragonot, 1890Acromeseres Dyar, 1919groteii Ragonot, 1890; valid (Ulophora) 5900tephrosiella Dyar, 1904; syn. (Ulophora) 5900Tacoma Hulst, 1888feriella Hulst, 1888; valid (Tacoma) 5901 4187submedianella Dyar, 1913; syn. (Tacoma) 5901 4187Ragonotia Grote, 1888; repl. nameCiris Ragonot, 1887; preocc. by Koch, 1846Psammia Hampson, 1930dotalis ; valid (Anerastia) 5902 4188discigerella ; syn. (Ciris) 5902 4188olivella ; syn. (Anoristia) 5902 4188saganella Hulst, 1890; syn. (Ragonotia) 5902 4188indianella ; syn. (Megasis) 5902 4188megasis Megasis)flavipicta ; syn. (Psammia) 5902 4188Martia Ragonot, 1887Urula Hulst, 1900arizonella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Martia) 5903 4190incongruella ; syn. (Urula) 5903 4190PageBreakEumysia Dyar, 1925mysiella ; valid (Yosemitia) 5904 4193maidella ; valid (Yosemitia) 5905 4194pallidipennella Volusia) 4195fuscatella ; valid (Zophodia) 5906 4196semicana Heinrich, 1956; valid (Eumysia) 5907idahoensis Mackie, 1958; valid (Eumysia) 5908Arcola Shaffer, 1995Vogtia Pastrana, 1961; preocc. by malloi Vogtia) 4202Macrorrhinia Ragonot, 1887Dolichorrhinia Ragonot, 1888; repl. nameOcala Hulst, 1892Divitiaca Barnes & McDunnough, 1913ochrella ; valid (Divitiaca) 5909 4198simulella Divitiaca) 5910 4199syn. ; valid (Divitiaca) 5911 4197consociataa.  Divitiaca)aureofasciella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Macrorrhinia) 5912 4203endonephele Rinaphe) 4200ignetincta Rinaphe) 4201signifera A. Blanchard, 1976Macrorrhinia) 5913 4203dryadella ; valid  5914 4207platanella ; syn. (Dolichorrhinia) 5914 4207Maricopa Hulst, 1890Valdivia Ragonot, 1888; preocc. by White, 1847lativittella ; valid (Ciris) 5915 4209aureomaculella ; syn. (Zophodia) 5915 4209Protasia Heinrich, 1956mirabilicornella Valdivia) 4211Ancylosis Zeller, 1839Heterographis Ragonot, 1885Staudingeria Ragonot, 1887Hedemannia Ragonot, 1887Syria Ragonot, 1887Mona Hulst, 1888; preocc. by Reichenbach, 1863Cabotia Ragonot, 1888Hypographia Ragonot, 1890Hypogryphia Ragonot, 1890Encystia Hampson, 1901Hulstia Hampson, 1901Harnocha Dyar, 1914PageBreakAcornigerula Amsel, 1935Cornigerula Amsel, 1935Iransharia Amsel, 1959Pseudocabotia A. Blanchard & Knudson, 1985morrisonella ; valid (Heterographis) 5916 4212coloradensis ; syn. (Heterographis) 5916 4212olbiella ; syn. (Mona) 5916 4212ignistrigella ; syn. (Heterographis) 5916 4212palloricostella ; syn. (Honora) 5916 4212albipenella ; valid (Pempelia) 5917 4213olivacella ; syn. (Staudingeria) 5917 4213perluteella ; syn. (Staudingeria) 5917 4213undulatella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5918 4214rubiginalis ; syn. (Scoparia) 5918 4214obsipella ; syn. (Honora) 5918 4214oblitella ;Heterographis) 5918 4214syn. not Zeller, 1848 ; syn. (Honora) 5918 4214bonhoti Encystia) 4225balconiensis Pseudocabotia) 4226valid  5919 4215ochrimaculella Ragonot, 1887; syn. (Honora) 5919 4215subsciurella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Honora) 5920sciurella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Honora) 5921dotella Dyar, 1910; valid (Honora) 5922 4216montinatatella ; valid (Spermatophthora) 5923canicostella Ragonot, 1887; syn. (Honora?) 5923perdubiella ; valid (Zophodia) 5924dulciella Hulst, 1900Honora) 5925Canarsia Hulst, 1890Canarsiana Strand, 1920ulmiarrosorella ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5926 4227pneumatella ; syn. (Stenoptycha) 5926 4227ulmella ; syn. (Psorosa) 5926 4227fuscatella ; syn. (Honora) 5926 4227gracilella Hulst, 1900; syn. (Canarsia) 5926 4227feliculella Dyar, 1907; syn. (Canarsia) 5926 4227discocellularis ; syn. (Canarsiana)Eurythmidia Hampson, 1901ignidorsella ; valid (Eurythmia) 5927 4230Wunderia Grossbeck, 1917neaeriatella Grossbeck, 1917; valid (Wunderia) 5928 4231PageBreakDiviana Ragonot, 1888Dannemora Hulst, 1890eudoreella Ragonot, 1888; valid (Diviana) 5929edentella ; syn. (Dannemora) 5929Palatka Hulst, 1892Palatka Hulst, 1891; nomen nudumnymphaeella ; valid (Diviana) 5930 4234verecuntella ; syn. (Diviana) 5930 4234powelli Neunzig & Solis, 1996Palatka)Psorosina Dyar, 1904hammondi ; valid (Pempelia) 5931angulella Dyar, 1904; syn. (Psorosina) 5931Patriciola Heinrich, 1956semicana Heinrich, 1956; valid (Patriciola) 5932Anderida Heinrich, 1956sonorella ;Euzophera) 5933 4239valid emendation ;Euzophera) 5933 4239syn. incorrect original spelling ; syn. (Euzophera) 5933 4239peorinella A. Blanchard & Knudson, 1985Anderida) 4240Cassiana Heinrich, 1956malacella Vitula) 4241Mescinia Hampson, 1901estrella Barnes & McDunnough, 1913; valid (Mescinia) 5934 4245berosa Dyar, 1914Mescinia) 4250parvula Ephestia) 4247neoparvula Neunzig & Dow, 1993Mescinia) 4248texanica Neunzig, 1997Mescinia)Phestinia Hampson, 1930costella Hampson, 1930Phestinia) 4256Comotia Dyar, 1914torsicornis Dyar, 1914Comotia) 4257Homoeosoma Curtis, 1833Phycidea Zeller, 1839Lotria Guen\u00e9e, 1845Anhomoeosoma Roesler, 1965electella ; valid (Anerastia) 5935 4267opalescella ; syn. (Ephestia) 5935 4267texanella Ragonot, 1887; syn. (Homoeosoma) 5935 4267tenuipunctella Ragonot, 1887; syn. (Homoeosoma) 5935 4267differtella Barnes & McDunnough, 1913;Homoeosoma) 5935 4267syn. valid  5936striatellum Dyar, 1905; valid (Homoeosoma) 5937 4274breviplicitum Heinrich, 1956Homoeosoma) 5938 4274imitator Heinrich, 1956Homoeosoma) 5940 4274asylonnastes Goodson & Neunzig, 1993Homoeosoma)valid  5938 4270parvalbum A. Blanchard & Knudson, 1985Homoeosoma) 4272valid  4271illuviella Ragonot, 1888; valid (Homoeosoma) 5939 4269candidella Hulst, 1888; syn. (Homoeosoma) 5939 4269emendator Heinrich, 1956Homoeosoma) 5939albescentella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Homoeosoma) 5941 4266elongellum Dyar, 1903; syn. (Homoeosoma) 5941 4266impressalis Hulst, 1886; valid (Homeosoma) 5942inornatella ; valid (Euzophera) 5943nanophasma Neunzig, 1997Homoeosoma)uncanalis ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5936deceptorium Heinrich, 1956; valid (Homoeosoma) 5944ammonastes Goodson & Neunzig, 1993Homoeosoma)valid  4273valid  4268valid valid ; valid (Homoeosoma) 5945 4294Phycitodes Hampson, 1917Rotruda Heinrich, 1956mucidella Homoeosoma) 5946 4295reliquellum Homoeosoma) 5946 4295Unadilla Hulst, 1890Strymax Dyar, 1914maturella ; valid (Homoeosoma) 4299floridensis Heinrich, 1956Unadilla) 5947 4301erronella ; valid (Homoeosoma) 4298ubacensis ; syn. (Homoeosoma) 4298nasutella Hulst, 1890Unadilla) 5948bipunctella ; syn. (Ephestia) 4298PageBreakdorae ; syn. (Strymax) 4298pyllis ; syn. (Strymax) 4298Laetilia Ragonot, 1889coccidivora ; valid (Dakruma) 5949 4304cardinia.  Dyar, 1918; ssp. (Laetilia) 4304dilatifasciella Zophodia) 5949 4304hulstii Cockerell, 1897Laetilia) 5949 4304quadricolorella ; syn. (Atascosa) 5949 4304zamacrella Dyar, 1925; valid (Laetilia) 5950myersella Dyar, 1910; valid (Laetilia) 5951ephestiella ; valid (Dakruma) 5952lustrella ; syn. (Maricopa) 5952fiskeella Dyar, 1904; valid (Laetilia) 5953cinerosella Neunzig, 1997Laetilia)bellivorella Neunzig, 1997Laetilia)Rostrolaetilia A. Blanchard & Ferguson, 1975placidella ;Parramatta) 5954valid  5955valid  5956valid  5957valid  5958valid  5959valid ; valid (Aurora) 5960 4310ardiferella ; valid (Altoona) 5961 4311texanella A. Blanchard & Ferguson, 1975;Rostrolaetilia) 5962 4312valid  5963 4313valid ; valid (Ollia) 5964 4314Baphala Heinrich, 1956pallida Dakruma) 5949 4304basimaculatella ; syn. (Vitula) 5965eremiella Laetilia) 5965phaeolella Neunzig, 1997Baphala)Rhagea Heinrich, 1956packardella ; valid (Zophodia) 5966 4322orobanchella ; syn. (Zophodia) 5966 4322PageBreakstigmella ; valid (Zophodia) 5967 4321maculicula ; syn. (Yosemitia) 5967 4321Zophodia H\u00fcbner, [1825]Dakruma Grote, 1878grossulariella ; valid (Tinea) 5968 4323convolutella Tinea)grossularialis H\u00fcbner, 1825; syn. emendation (Zophodia) 5968 4323grossulariae ; syn. (Pempelia) 5968 4323turbatella ; syn. (Dakruma) 5968 4323franconiella ; syn. (Euzophera) 5968 4323bella Hulst, 1892; syn. (Zophodia) 5968 4323pallidella Lambillon, 1921Zophodia)ihouna Dyar, 1925; syn. (Zophodia) 5968 4323dilativitta Dyar, 1925; syn. (Zophodia) 5968 4323magnificans Dyar, 1925; syn. (Zophodia) 5968 4323epischnioides Hulst, 1900; valid misplaced (Zophodia) 5969multistriatella Ozamia)valid  5970 4324bollii ; syn. (Zophodia) 5970 4324dentata ; valid (Zophodia) 5971 4325texana Neunzig, 1997Melitara)doddalis Dyar, 1925Melitara) 5971 4325apicigrammella A. Blanchard & Knudson, 1985Melitara) 4326valid  5972 4327pectinatellaa.  ; ssp. extralimital? (Olyca) 4327subumbrella ; valid (Olyca) 5973 4329Alberada Heinrich, 1939parabates ; valid (Melitara) 5974 4331bidentella ; valid (Zophodia) 5975 4332holochlora Zophodia) 5976californiensis Neunzig, 1997Alberada)franclemonti Neunzig, 1997Alberada)candida Neunzig, 1997Alberada)Cactoblastis Ragonot, 1901Neopyralis Br\u00e8thes, 1920cactorum Zophodia) 4334Cahela Heinrich, 1939ponderosella ; valid (Olyca) 5977 4339PageBreakpurgatoria ; syn. (Zophodia) 5977 4339interstitialis ; syn. (Cactobrosis) 5977 4339phoenicis ; syn. (Cactobrosis) 5977 4339Rumatha Heinrich, 1939glaucatella ; valid (Honora) 5978 4340bihinda ; valid (Zophodia) 5979 4342jacumba Neunzig, 1997Rumatha)polingella ; valid (Zophodia) 5980 4341Yosemitia Ragonot, 1901graciella ; valid (Spermatophthora) 5981 4343longipennella Zophodia) 5982 4344fieldiella ; valid (Zophodia) 5983Eremberga Heinrich, 1939leuconips ; valid (Cactobrosis) 5984 4349creabates ; valid (Olyca) 5985 4350insignis Heinrich, 1939; valid (Eremberga) 5986 4351Ozamia Hampson, 1901fuscomaculella ; valid (Euzophera) 5987 4359heliophila Dyar, 1925; syn. (Ozamia) 5987 4359clarefacta Dyar, 1919Ozamia) 5987 4359thalassophila Dyar, 1925; valid (Ozamia) 5988 4360lucidalis Trachonitis) 4358Cactobrosis Dyar, 1914fernaldialis ; valid (Megaphycis) 5989 4366gigantella ; syn. (Euzophera) 5989 4366cinereella ; syn. (Honora) 5989 4366Echinocereta Neunzig, 1997strigalis ; valid (Euzophera) 5991 4370Lascelina Heinrich, 1956canens Heinrich, 1956; valid (Lascelina) 5992 4373Metephestia Hampson, 1901simplicula ; valid (Ephestia) 5993 4374Selga Heinrich, 1956arizonella ; valid (Heterographis) 5994 3963californica Neunzig, 1990Selga)Pseudocabima Heinrich, 1956arizonensis Heinrich, 1956Pseudocabima) 3994Euzophera Zeller, 1867; repl. nameStenoptycha Heinemann, 1865; preocc. by Agassiz, 1862Melia Heinemann, 1865;preocc. by Bosc [in Risso], 1813, repl. namePistogenes Meyrick, 1937Ahwazia Amsel, 1949PageBreakCymbalorissa Gozm\u00e1ny, 1958Longignathia Roesler, 1965Quadrempista Roesler, 1973semifuneralis ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5995 4390pallulella ; syn. (Stenoptycha) 5995 4390aglaeella Ragonot, 1887Euzophera) 5995 4391habrella Neunzig, 1990Euzophera)vinnulella Neunzig, 1990Euzophera)magnolialis Capps, 1964; valid (Euzophora) 5996ostricolorella Hulst, 1890; valid (Euzophera) 5997nigricantella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Euzophera) 5998 4392griselda Dyar, 1913; syn. (Euzophera) 5998 4392Eulogia Heinrich, 1956ochrifrontella ; valid (Ephestia) 5999ferruginella ; syn. (Euzophera) 5999Ephestiodes Ragonot, 1887gilvescentella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Ephestiodes) 6000 4398nigrella Hulst, 1900; syn. (Ephestiodes) 6000 4398infimella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Ephestiodes) 6001monticolus Neunzig, 1990Ephestiodes) 4399erythrella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Ephestiodes) 6002coloradella ; syn. (Eurythmia) 6002benjaminella Dyar, 1904; syn. (Ephestiodes) 6002mignonella Dyar, 1908; valid (Ephestiodes) 6003griseus Neunzig, 1990Ephestiodes)erasa Heinrich, 1956; valid (Ephestiodes) 6004Australephestiodes Neunzig, 1990stictella Unadilla) 4404uniformella ; syn. (Ephestiodes) 4404granulella ; syn. (Ephestiodes) 4404Moodnodes Neunzig, 1990plorella Ephestiodes) 4406vestilla ; syn. (Eurythmia) 4406Moodna Hulst, 1890ostrinella ; valid (Ephestia) 6005obtusangulella ; syn. (Hornigia) 6005pelviculella Hulst, 1890; syn. (Moodna) 6005pallidostrinella Neunzig, 1990Moodna) 4410bisinuella Hampson, 1901; valid (Moodna) 6006 4411Vitula Ragonot, 1887Hornigia Ragonot, 1887; preocc. by Ragonot, 1885Manhatta Hulst, 1890edmandsii ; valid (Nephopteryx) 6007dentosella Ragonot, 1887; syn. (Vitula) 6007PageBreakedmandsae Heinrich, 1956; syn. emendation (Vitula) 6007serratilineella Ragonot, 1887Vitula) 6007bombylicolella ; syn. (Moodna) 6007pinei Heinrich, 1956; valid (Vitula) 6009aegerella Neunzig, 1990Vitula) 4415insula Neunzig, 1990Vitula)coconinoana Neunzig, 1990Vitula) 4416setonella ; valid (Moodna) 6010broweri ; valid (Manhatta) 6011Volatica Heinrich, 1956gallivorella Neunzig, 1990Volatica) 4425Caudellia Dyar, 1904apyrella Dyar, 1904; valid (Caudellia) 6012albovittella Dyar, 1904Caudellia) 6013floridensis Neunzig, 1990Caudellia) 4431nigrella ; valid (Ephestia) 6014 4427arizonella ; syn. (Ephestia) 6014 4427Sosipatra Heinrich, 1956rileyella ; valid (Ephestia) 6015 4436anthophila ; valid (Eurythmia) 6016 4437proximanthophila Neunzig, 1990Sosipatra)thurberiae ; valid (Eurythmia) 6017 4438knudsoni Neunzig, 1990Sosipatra) 4439nonparilella ; valid (Ephestia) 6018 4440Heinrichiessa Neunzig, 1990sanpetella Neunzig, 1990; valid (Heinrichiessa)Ribua Heinrich, 1940droozi Neunzig, 1990Ribua)innoxia Heinrich, 1940Ribua) 4445Bethulia Ragonot, 1888championella Ragonot, 1888Bethulia) 4444Plodia Guen\u00e9e, 1845interpunctella ; valid (Tinea) 6019 4448interpunctalis ; syn. (Tinea) 6019 4448zeae ; syn. (Tinea) 6019 4448castaneella Reutti, 1898; syn. (Plodia) 6019 4448latercula ; syn. (Unadilla) 6019 4448glycinivora ; syn. (Ephestia) 6019 4448Ephestia Guen\u00e9e, 1845Hyphantidium Scott, 1859Anagasta Heinrich, 1956kuehniella Zeller, 1879; valid (Ephestia) 6020 4452fuscofasciella Ragonot, 1887; syn. (Ephestia) 6020 4452gitonella Druce, 1896; syn. (Ephestia) 6020 4452PageBreakischnomorpha Homoeosoma) 4452alba Roesler, 1966;Ephestia (Anagasta)) 4452syn. form infrasubspecific ) 4452syn. form infrasubspecific elutella ; valid (Tinea) 6021 4451aquella Tinea) 4451elutea ; syn. emendation (Phycis) 6021 4451semirufa ; syn. (Phycis) 6021 4451angusta ; syn. (Phycis) 6021 4451rufa ; syn. (Phycis) 6021 4451sericarium ; syn. (Hyphantidium) 6021 4451roxburghii Gregson, 1871; syn. (Ephestia) 6021 4451infumatella Ragonot, 1887; syn. (Ephestia) 6021 4451affusella ; syn. (Homoeosoma) 6021 4451icosiella Ragonot, 1888; syn. (Ephestia) 6021 4451amarella Dyar, 1904; syn. (Ephestia) 6021 4451uniformata Dufrane, 1942;Ephestia) 6021 4451syn. infrasubspecific, aberration  4451Uncitruncata Neunzig, 2000leuschneri Neunzig, 2000; valid (Uncitruncata)Cadra Walker, 1864Xenephestia Gozm\u00e1ny, 1958cautella ; valid (Pempelia) 6022 4453defectella Walker, 1864; syn. (Cadra) 6022 4453desuetella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 6022 4453passulella ; syn. (Ephestia) 6022 4453formosella ;Cryptoblabes) 6022 4453syn. ; syn. (Ephestia) 6022 4453pelopis ; syn. (Ephestia) 4453irakella ; syn. (Ephestia) 6022 4453figulilella ; valid (Ephestia) 6023 4454ficulella ; syn. emendation (Ephestia) 6023 4454milleri ; syn. (Ephestia) 6023 4454gypsella ; syn. (Ephestia) 6023 4454venosella ; syn. (Ephestia) 6023 4454ernestinella ; syn. (Ephestia) 6023 4454halfaella Roesler, 1966;Cadra) 4454syn. form infrasubspecific ; valid (Anerastia) 6024 4455subluteella Ragonot, 1887; syn. (Bandera) 6024 4455cupidinella Hulst, 1888; valid (Bandera) 6025 4456conspersella ; syn. (Anerastia) 6025 4456venata ; syn. (Nasutes) 6025 4456virginella Dyar, 1908; valid (Bandera) 6026 4457Wakulla Shaffer, 1968carneella ; valid (Bandera) 6027 4458Tampa Ragonot, 1887dimediatella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Tampa) 6028 4459Varneria Dyar, 1904postremella Dyar, 1904; valid (Varneria) 6029atrifasciella Barnes & McDunnough, 1913; valid (Varneria) 6030 4463Eurythmia Ragonot, 1887hospitella ; valid (Ephestia) 6031 4464angulella Ely, 1910; valid (Eurythmia) 6032diffusella Ely, 1910; syn. (Eurythmia) 6032furnella Ely, 1910Eurythmia) 6033spaldingella Dyar, 1905Eurythmia) 6031yavapaella Dyar, 1906Eurythmia) 6031 4465Erelieva Heinrich, 1956quantulella ; valid (Pempelia) 6034 4466santiagella ; syn. (Eurythmia) 6034 4466parvulella ; valid (Eurythmia) 6035Barberia Dyar, 1905affinitella Dyar, 1905; valid (Barberia) 6036 4469Bema Dyar, 1914Relmis Dyar, 1914neuricella Ephestia) 4261myja Dyar, 1914; syn. emendation (Bema) 4261Cabnia Dyar, 1904myronella Dyar, 1904; valid (Cabnia) 6037Anerastia H\u00fcbner, 1825Prinanerastia Hampson, 1918lotella ; valid (Tinea) 6038miniosella ; syn. (Phycis) 6038Coenochroa Ragonot, 1887Petaluma Hulst, 1888Alamosa Hampson, 1901californiella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Coenochroa) 6039 4472inspergella Ragonot, 1887; syn. (Coenochroa) 6039 4472monomacula Dyar, 1914; syn. (Coenochroa) 4472miasticta ; syn. (Metacrateria) 4472illibella ; valid (Anerastia) 6040 4473PageBreakpuricostella Ragonot, 1887; syn. (Coenochroa) 6040 4473piperatella ; syn. (Alamosa) 6040 4473bipunctella ; valid (Alamosa) 6041 4474Peoria Ragonot, 1887Aurora Ragonot, 1887Statina Ragonot, 1887Ceara Ragonot, 1888Calera Ragonot, 1888Altoona Hulst, 1888Cayuga Hulst, 1888Volusia Hulst, 1890; preocc. by Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830Wekiva Hulst, 1890Osceola Hulst, 1891; nomen nudumChipeta Hulst, 1892Trivolusia Dyar, [1903]; repl. nameOllia Dyar, 1904longipalpella ; valid (Aurora) 6042bipartitella Ragonot, 1887; valid (Peoria) 6043roseopennella ; syn. (Volusia) 6043tetradella ; valid (Anerastia) 6044 4550opacella ; valid (Anerastia) 6045 4544dichroeella ; syn.  6045 4544floridella Shaffer, 1968; valid (Peoria) 6046padreella A. Blanchard, 1980Peoria) 4545rostrella ; valid  6047gemmatella ; valid (Spermatophthora) 6048 4541bistriatella ; syn. (Cayuga) 6048 4541pamponerella ; syn. (Pectinigera) 6048 4541roseotinctella ; valid (Statina) 6049 4547punctilimbella ; syn.  6049 4547bifasciella ; syn. (Statina) 6049 4547johnstoni Shaffer, 1968; valid (Peoria) 6050 4543santaritella ; valid (Ollia) 6051 4548holoponerella ; valid (Ollia) 6052 4542approximella ; valid (Eurhodope) 6053haematica ; syn. (Anerastia) 6053roseatella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 6053cremoricosta ; syn. (Hypsotropa) 6053luteicostella ; valid (Hypsotropa) 6054nodosella ; syn. (Wekiva) 6054perlepidellus ;Osceola)syn. nomen nudum ; syn. (Chipeta) 6054PageBreakpunctata Shaffer, 1976; valid (Peoria) 6055insularis Shaffer, 2003Peoria)gaudiella Statina) 6056Tolima Ragonot, 1888cincaidella Dyar, 1904Tolima) 6057Navasota Ragonot, 1887hebetella Ragonot, 1887Navasota) 6058Anacostia Shaffer, 1968tribulella Shaffer, 1968; valid (Anacostia) 6059Arivaca Shaffer, 1968pimella ; valid (Poujadia) 6060 4509linella Shaffer, 1968; valid (Arivaca) 6061ostreella ; valid  6062 4507discostrigella ; syn. (Peoria) 6062 4507poohella Shaffer, 1968; valid (Arivaca) 6063 4508albidella ; valid (Peoria) 6064 4505artella Shaffer, 1968; valid (Arivaca) 6065 4506albicostella ; valid  6066 4504Atascosa Hulst, 1890Eumoorea Dyar, 1917glareosella ; valid (Anerastia) 6067 4511bicolorella Hulst, 1890; syn. (Atascosa) 6067 4511albocostella ; syn. (Maricopa) 6067 4511chejelis ; syn. (Poujadia) 4511heitzmani Shaffer, 1980Atascosa)Homosassa Hulst, 1890ella ; valid (Ephestia) 6068 4534platella Shaffer, 1968; valid (Homosassa) 6069 4535incudella Shaffer, 1968; valid (Homosassa) 6070blanchardi Shaffer, 1976; valid (Homosassa) 6071Reynosa Shaffer, 1968floscella ; valid (Atascosa) 6072 4551Goya Ragonot, 1888Atopothoures A. Blanchard, 1975stictella ; valid  6073 4533ovaliger ; valid (Atopothoures) 6074 4531Uinta Hulst, 1888oreadella Hulst, 1888; valid (Uinta) 6075EpipaschiinaeMacalla Walker, [1859]Aradrapha Walker, [1866]; preocc. by Walker, [1866]Mochlocera Grote, 1876Pseudomacalla Dognin, 1908PageBreakthyrsisalis Walker, [1859]; valid  5575 3771mixtalis ; syn. (Aradrapha) 5575 3771phaeobasalis Hampson, 1916; valid  5576 3769zelleri Mochlocera) 5579 3772Epipaschia Clemens, 1860superatalis Clemens, 1860; valid (Epipaschia) 5577borealis ; syn. (Deuterolyta) 5577olivalis ; syn.  5577Cacozelia Grote, 1878pemphusalis ; valid (Pococera) 3658albomedialis Epipaschia) 5578 3658syn.  5580 3655interruptella Epipaschia) 5586 3657dentilineella ; syn. ) 5586 3657elegans Pococera) 5587 3656neotropica Tioga) 3656Milgithea Schaus, 1922alboplagialis Cacozelia) 5581 3792trilinearis Jocara) 3796Toripalpus Grote, 1878Yuma Hulst, 1889breviornatalis Grote, 1878; valid  5584 3886trabalis Grote, 1881; valid  5585 3887adulatalis Hulst, 1887Toripalpus) 5585 3887Deuterollyta Lederer, 1863Winona Hulst, 1888Oedomia Dognin, 1906Ajocara Schaus, 1925Ajacania Schaus, 1925majuscula Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, 1871; valid (Deuterollyta) 3725incrustalis ; syn.  5582 3725infectalis M\u00f6schler, 1890; syn. (Deuterollyta) 3725ferrifusalis ; syn. (Jocara) 3725obscuralis ; syn. (Jocara) 3725perseella Jocara) 5583 3725musettalis ; syn. (Jocara) 3725Oneida Hulst, 1889lunulalis ; valid  5588luniferella Hulst, 1895; valid (Oneida) 5589 3799diploa Dyar, 1920Oneida) 3799pallidalis Barnes & Benjamin, 1924Oneida) 5589 3799syn. infrasubspecific? Pococera Zeller, 1848Tetralopha Zeller, 1848Lanthaphe Clemens, 1860Hemimatia Lederer, 1863Benta Walker, 1863Auradisa Walker, [1866]Saluda Hulst, 1888Katona Hulst, 1888Loma Hulst, 1888Wanda Hulst, 1888Tioga Hulst, 1888Attacapa Hulst, 1889Afra Ghesqui\u00e8re, 1942robustella ; valid  5595diluculella ; syn.  5595scortealis ; valid (Hemimatia) 5596 3847slossi ; syn. (Benta) 5596 3847melanogrammos ; valid  5597 3842texanella Ragonot, 1888; valid (Pococera) 5598 3850callipeplella ; valid  5599 3828speciosella ; valid (Benta) 5600 3848floridella ; valid (Benta) 5601subcanalis ; valid (Nephopteryx) 5602 3849taleolalis ; syn.  5602 3849querciella ;Tetralopha) 5602 3849syn. ; valid  5603militella ; valid  5604platanella ; syn. (Lanthaphe) 5604aplastella ; valid (Tioga) 5605 3824asperatella ; valid (Lanthaphe) 5606vacciniivora ; valid  5607expandens ; valid (Benta) 5608nephelotella ; syn. (Loma) 5608clemensalis ;Tetralopha) 5608syn. infrasubspecific ; valid  5609dolorosella ; valid  5610provoella ; valid  5611arizonella ; valid  5612 3825thoracicella ; valid  5613 3851griseella ; valid  5614 3835PageBreakfuscolotella ; valid  5615 3832nigricans new synonym  5778tiltella ; valid (Wanda) 5616 3852humerella ; valid  5617 3839formosella ; syn.  5617 3839gelidalis ; valid (Auradisa) 3833subalbella ; syn. (Myelois) 3833tertiella Dyar, 1905Pococera) 5618 3833irrorata Schaus, 1912; syn. (Pococera) 3833baptisiella ; valid  5619euphemella ; valid (Katona) 5620 3831variella Ragonot, 1888; syn. (Pococera) 5620 3831melanographella Ragonot, 1888; syn. (Pococera) 5620 3831Tallula Hulst, 1888atrifascialis ; valid  5591 3866watsoni Barnes & McDunnough, 1917; valid  5592baboquivarialis Barnes & Benjamin, 1926; valid  5593 3867beroella Schaus, 1912Tallula) 3868bunniotis ; syn. (Tioga) 3868fieldi Barnes & McDunnough, 1913; valid  5594 3869Phidotricha Ragonot, [1889]Eutrichocera Hampson, 1904Jocarula Dyar, 1925erigens Ragonot, [1889]; valid (Phidotricha) 5590 3816dryospila ; syn. (Auradisa) 3816Incertaesedisglastianalis Schaus, 1922Macalla) 3897PyralinaePyralis Linnaeus, 1758Aletes Rafinesque, 1815; nomen nudumCeropsina Rafinesque, 1815; nomen nudumSpyrella Rafinesque, 1815; nomen nudumAsopia Treitschke, 1828Sacatia Walker, 1863Eutrichodes Warren, 1891farinalis Linnaeus, 1758Pyralis) 5510 3199erecta ; syn.  3199farinatus ; syn. (Crambus) 3199domesticalis ; syn. (Asopia) 3199fraterna Butler, 1879; syn.  5510 3199tenerifensis Rebel, 1906; syn. variety, aberration  3199infumata Rebel, 1940;Pyralis) 3199syn. aberration infrasubspecific  5510 3199orientalisb.  Amsel, 1961; ssp. extralimital  5510 3199manihotalis Guen\u00e9e, 1854Pyralis) 5515 3200vetusalis Walker, [1859]; syn.  5515 3200gerontesalis Walker, [1859]; syn.  5515 3200laudatella ; syn. (Sacatia) 5515 3200despectalis Walker, [1866]; syn.  5515 3200miseralis Walker, [1866]; syn.  5515 3200achatina Butler, 1877; syn.  5515 3200haematinalis ; syn. (Asopia) 3200gerontialis ; syn. emendation (Asopia) 5515 3200centripuctalis ; syn. (Endotricha) 3200pupalis Strand, 1919; syn.  3200compsobathra Meyrick, 1932; syn.  3200Aglossa Latreille, [1796]Euclita H\u00fcbner, [1825]Oryctocera Ragonot, 1891Crocalia Ragonot, 1892Agriope Ragonot, 1894costiferalis Pyralis) 5511 3160costigeralis ;Pyralis) 5511 3160syn. preocc. by Walker, 1862 Pyralis) 5512 3162electalis Hulst, 1886Aglossa) 5513 3163cacamica Pyralis) 5514 3158pinguinalis Phalaena ) 5516 3167marmorella ; syn.  3167pinguedinis ; syn.  3167marmoratella ; syn.  3167pinguis ; syn. (Crambus) 3167pinguiculatus ; syn. (Crambus) 3167streatfieldii Curtis, 1833; syn. (Aglossa) 5516 3167guicciardii Constantinio, 1922; syn. (Aglossa) 3167maroccana Schmidt, 1934; syn. (Aglossa) 3167caprealis Pyralis) 5517 3159capreolatus Crambus) 5517 3159aenalis ; syn.  3159domalis Guen\u00e9e, 1854; syn. (Aglossa) 5517 3159incultella ; syn. (Acrobasis) 3159euthealis ; syn.  5517 3159cuprina ; valid  5518 3161acallalis Dyar, 1908; valid (Aglossa) 5519 3156baba Dyar, 1914; valid (Aglossa) 5520 3157PageBreakgigantalis Barnes & Benjamin, 1925; valid (Aglossa) 5521 3165furva Heinrich, 1931; valid (Aglossa) 5522 3164oculalis Hampson, 1906; valid (Aglossa) 5523 3166Hypsopygia H\u00fcbner, [1825]Dolichomia Ragonot, 1891Herculia Walker, 1859Cisse Walker, 1863Buzala Walker, 1863Ocrasa Walker, [1866]Bejuda Walker, 1866Pseudasopia Grote, 1873Bleone Ragonot, 1890Orthopygia Ragonot, 1890Parasopia M\u00f6schler, 1890costalis ; valid  5524 3187fimbrialis ;Pyralis) 5524 3187syn. ; syn. (Tortrix) 3187hyllalis ; syn.  5524 3187rubrocilialis ;Asopia) 5524syn. aberration infrasubspecific planalis ; valid comb. n. (Asopia) 5525 3182anniculalis ; syn. (Asopia) 5525 3182occidentalis ; syn. (Asopia) 5525 3182intermedialis Pyralis) 5526 3197sodalis ; syn.  5526 3197squamealis ; syn. (Pseudasopia) 5526 3197phoezalis ; valid comb. n. (Herculia) 5527 3198cohortalis ; valid comb. n. (Asopia) 5528 3196florencealis ; syn. (Herculia) 5528 3196thymetusalis ; valid comb. n. (Botys) 5529devialis ; syn. (Asopia) 5529binodulalis Asopia) 5530 3173nostralis Pyralis) 3194helenensis ; syn.  3194tenuis ; syn.  3194dissimilalis Parasopia) 3194sordidalis Herculia) 5531 3194syn. Herculia) 3194venezuelensis Herculia) 3194olinalis Pyralis) 5533 3180trentonalis ; syn. (Asopia) 5533 3180PageBreakhimonialis ; syn. (Asopia) 5533 3180infimbrialis Herculia) 5532 3180Arispe Ragonot, 1891Uscodys Dyar, 1908cestalis ; valid (Anerastia) 5534 3168atalis Uscodys) 5535 3168Neodavisia Barnes & McDunnough, 1914; repl. nameDavisia Barnes & McDunnough, 1913;preocc. by Del Guercio, 1909singularis ; valid (Davisia) 5536 3193melusina Ferguson, A. Blanchard & Knudson, 1984Neodavisia) 3192valid Oligostigma)valid introduced not established  5572 3254rufulalis ; syn. (Asopia) 5572 3254ignitalis Hampson, 1906; valid (Blepharocerus) 5573 3253GalleriinaeAphomia H\u00fcbner, [1825]fuscolimbella Melissoblaptes) 5631PhycitinaeCrocidomera Zeller, 1848turbidella Zeller, 1848Crocidomera) 5706 3949Cryptoblabes Zeller, 1848Albinia Briosi, 1877; preocc. by Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830gnidiella Ephestia) 3921aliena Swezey, 1909; syn. (Cryptoblabes) 3921Apomyelois Heinrich, 1956Ectomyelois Heinrich, 1956Spectrobates Roesler, 1956 decolor Myelois) 5722 3965ephestiella ; syn. (Nephopteryx) 5722 3965Creobota Turner, 1931grossipunctella Myelois) 5715valid, introduction not established PageBreakPhycitodes Hampson, 1917Rotruda Heinrich, 1956albatella Homoeosoma) 5946 4295parvum ; syn. (Homoeosoma) 5946 4295pseudonimbella Homoeosoma)dierli Roessler, 1973; syn. (Phycitodes)Cactobrosis Dyar, 1914longipennella Euzophera) 5990 4367elongatella ; syn. (Moodna) 5990 4367Vitula Ragonot, 1887Hornigia Ragonot, 1887; preocc. by Ragonot, 1885Manhatta Hulst, 1890biviella ; valid (Ephestia)lugubrella Ragonot, 1887Vitula) 6008EpipaschiinaeCoenodomus Walsingham, 1888Dyaria Neumoegen, 1893Alippa Aurivillius, 1894hockingi Walsingham, 1888; valid (Coenodomus) 5621singularis ; syn. (Dyaria) 5621anomala ; syn. (Alippa) 5621Tallula Hulst, 1888atramentalis Hemimatia) 5590 3865PageBreak"}
{"text": "AbstractDendrocerusmexicali has been described by Paul Dessart from a single male specimen collected in Mexico. Using 87 newly identified specimens we expand the known range to include the Southwestern United States and Florida, provide an expanded description of the species, and provide the first record of the female. We also use confocal laser scanning microscopy and in vitro hydrostatic pressure changes to investigate the functional morphology of apparently unique basally flexible antennal branches. Ceraphronoidea (Hymenoptera) is a widespread superfamily of parasitoid wasps comprised of two extant families: Ceraphronidae and Megaspilidae. Little is known about the biology of Ceraphronidae, but there are quite a few host records for Megaspilidae, especially for the genus Dendrocerus Ratzeburg, 1852   . Based oasitoids . Dendrocrasitoid .Dendrocerusmexicali was first described from a single male specimen collected on wild mustard in Mexicali, Mexico . The antennae of the male Dendrocerusmexicali is perhaps its most distinguishing feature  , the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids, and Nematodes (CNC)  and Pennsylvania State University Collection Frost Entomological Museum (PSUC_FEM) identifier. All figures, OWL files, and supplementary files are available on Figshare (https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.2063586.v1).All specimens are point-mounted and air-dried. Specimens are deposited in the Dissections were performed in glycerol or on Blue-Tack  using number 2 insect pins and an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope, with an Olympus SDF PLAPO 1XF objective (115\u00d7) and an Olympus SDF PLAPO 2XPFC objective (230\u00d7 magnification).CLSM was used to image the male antenna and genitalia. Dissected male Dendrocerusmexicali antennae and genitalia were placed in a droplet of glycerol between two no. 1.5 coverslips with a small amount of Blue-Tack as a spacer , 490\u2013590 nm (green), and 570\u2013670 nm (red), respectively. Volume rendered micrographs and media files were created in ImageJ  and the description and material examined sections of this article were automatically generated from this software. Morphological terminology in the description and diagnosis are linked to classes in phenotype-relevant ontologies (Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology (HAO), Phenotypic Quality Ontology (PATO), Biospatial Ontology (BSPO), OBO Relation Ontology (RO), Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI), and Information Artifact Ontology (IAO); all of which are available at http://www.ontobee.org/).Specimen data, specimen images, OTU concepts and phenotypes expressed in natural language were compiled in mx .Phenotype descriptions expressed as semantic statements . head height vs. head length: HH:HL=1.4\u20131.8 (n=5). head width vs. interorbital space: HW/IOS=1.8\u20132.0 (n=5). head width vs. head height: HW/HH=1.2\u20131.4 (n=5). Male OOL:LOL: OOL/LOL=0.75\u20131.0 (n=2). Male OOL:POL: OOL/POL=0.24\u20130.43 (n=2). Female OOL:LOL: OOL 0.625\u20130.75\u00d7 as long as LOL (n=3). Anterior ocellar fovea shape: fovea not extended ventrally to the dorsal margin of antennal scrobe. occipital carina sculpture: smooth. submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. median flange of occipital carina count: absent. preoccipital carina and occipital carina structure: the occipital carina extends ventrally to the oral foramen with the preoccipital carina present on the vertex, but not extendinig ventrally along the gena. preoccipital carina count: present . preoccipital carina shape: present medially, absent laterally to lateral ocelli. preoccipital lunula count: present. preoccipital furrow count: present. preoccipital furrow anterior end: preoccipital furrow ends inside ocellar triangle. dorsal margin of occipital carina vs dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is ventral to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Transversely reticulate region on frons count: absent. Rugose region on frons count: absent. facial pit count: facial pit present. intertorular carina count: present. Ventral margin of antennal rim vs dorsal margin of clypeus: not adjacent. Median region of intertorular area shape: flat. subtorular carina count: absent. torulo-clypeal carina count: present. supraclypeal depression count: present. supraclypeal depression structure: present medially, inverted U-shaped. antennal scrobe count: absent. flagellomere shape PageBreak: branched. scape length relative to length of F1+F2 : longer or equal. 6th male flagellomere length vs. width, \u201csensillar\u201d view : elongate, more than 2\u00d7 as long as wide. flagellomere branch count: 5 branches. Branch of male flagellomere 5 length PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakcompared to flagellomere 6: Longer than length of flagellomere 6. Branch of male flagellomere 5 length compared to flagellomere 5: Longer than length of flagellomere 5. flagellomere 6 length compared to flagellomeres 7+8: Equal to the length of flagelPageBreaklomere 7+8. sensillar patch of the male flagellomere pattern: F6\u2014F9. Basal resilin-rich area of male antennal branches count: present. Female first flagellomere length vs pedicel : F1 as long as pedicel (1.0\u20131.1) (n=3). Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7+F8. Mandibular tooth count: 2. mandibular lancea count: present. ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. atrium of the anterior thoracic spiracle size: as wide as distal trachea. notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. epicnemial carina count: complete. epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit absent; epicnemial carina straight. speculum ventral limit: extending ventrally of pleural pit line. sternaulus count: absent. Median mesoscutal line length vs anterior mesoscutal width: MscL/AscW=0.6\u20130.9 (n=5). anterior mesoscutal width vs. posterior mesoscutal width: AscW/PscW=0.9 (n=5). median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end: adjacent to transscutal articulation. axillular carina count: absent. posteromedian process of the mesoscutellum count: present. posteromedian process of the mesoscutellum shape: blunt. scutoscutellar sulcus vs transPageBreakscutal articulation: adjacent. mesometapleural sulcus count: present. posterodorsal metapleural area shape: trapezoid. metapleural carina count: present. anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: absent. lateral propodeal carinae shape: inverted \u201cV\u201d . lateral propodeal carina count: present. transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum vs. antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Distal margin of male abdominal sternum 9 shape: convex. median conjunctiva of PageBreakabdominal tergum 9 count: absent. Proximolateral corner of abdominal sternum 9 shape: blunt. proximodorsal notch of cupula count: absent. Gonostyle/volsella complex proximodorsal margin shape: with deep concavity medially. Submedian conjunctiva on distoventral margin of gonostyle/volsella complex: length (range of fusion of PageBreakparossiculus/parossiculus complex from gonostipes): more than 4/5. apical parossiculal seta number: two. dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: absent. distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. sensillar plate of the aedeagus shape: Enlarged, about half as wide as the genitalia, and strongly sclerotized. carina limiting posteriorly antecosta PageBreakcount: present. distal projection of the parossiculus count: absent. dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count: absent. cupula length vs. gonostyle-volsella complex length: cupula less than 1/2 the length of gonostyle-volsella complex in lateral view. parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): absent (fused with the gonostipes). distoventral submedian corner of the cupula count: absent. harpe length: harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view.Body length universal: 1.4\u20131.7 mm (n=10). Color hue pattern: antenna, legs, mouthparts ochre; rest of body dark brown. Color intensity pattern: flagellomeres and their branches darker than scape and pedicel. scape and pedicel same as legs. Cephalic size (csb): Mean: 400\u2013500\u03bcm. head height  vs eye height (anterior view): Mexico , California, Arizona, Texas, and Florida.PSUC_FEM 86285 (PSUC). USA:California:Stanislaus Co.: 1 male. IM 5156 (UCFC). USA:Florida: 8 females, 13 males. PSUC_FEM 98899, 98907 (PSUC); IM 5106, 5165, 5214; PSUC_FEM 86151, 86166, 86366, 86370, 86384, 86443 (UCFC); PSUC_FEM 56350\u201356352, 56397\u201356403 (CNC). USA:Florida:Brevard Co.: 2 males. IM 5212; PSUC_FEM 86296 (UCFC). USA:Florida:Highlands Co.: 47 females, 6 males. PSUC_FEM 56353\u201356359, 56361-56396, 56404\u201356413 (CNC). USA:Florida:Orange Co.: 3 males. IM 5210\u20135211; PSUC_FEM 86137 (UCFC). USA:Florida:Polk Co.: 4 females, 1 male. IM 5107; PSUC_FEM 86130, 86141, 86148, 86266 (UCFC). USA:Texas:Brazos Co.: 1 female. PSUC_FEM 56360 (CNC).Other material : USA:Arizona:Santa Cruz Co.: 1 male. After rehydration of the specimens, the rami of the flagellomeres were very flexible at their bases. After the antenna were placed in distilled water, the apical flagellomeres of both specimens curled very slightly. There was no change in the angle of the flagellomere projections or movement at their bases.Diprionidae have pectinate and bipectinate antennae, though articulated branches have not been described . Dendrocerus of the halidayi species group also have ramose antennae, though none besides Dendrocerusmexicali have articulations  and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.We would like to thank Carolyn Trietsch for creating semantic statements to describe many phenotypes and character states applicable to"}
{"text": "Nature Communications7: Article number: 10455 10.1038/ncomms10455 (2016); Published: 01272016; Updated: 06032016The affiliation details for L. Roschier are incorrect in this Article. The correct affiliation details for this author are given below:Aivon Oy, Valimotie 13A, 00380 Helsinki, Finland."}
{"text": "AbstractPseudodorosnigricollis Becker, 1903 is a rarely collected species, of which information on its distribution and ecology is poorly understood.The hoverfly Pseudodorosnigricollis from Cyprus are provided and discussed. The discovery indicates that this Afrotropical species is approaching the European continent. Short notes on the habitat in which it has been collected are provided. The relationship with the mealy plum aphid Hyalopteruspruni is discussed. Clues on further research are given.In this paper the first records of the hoverfly  Pseudodorosnigricollis Becker, 1903 has received little attention in the literature. Besides some scattered records, its past and present distribution is poorly known. There are about twenty verified and published specimens from very scattered localities in the Middle East and the eastern half of Africa, ranging from Israel in the north to Madagascar and South Africa in the south  and on banana leaves (Musa sp.) in colonies of the mealy plum aphid Hyalopteruspruni . In 2014 the second author caught the first specimens of Pseudodorosnigricollis in Cyprus.Since it was first described, the hoverfly P.nigricollis were reared, from larvae feeding on the mealy plum aphid Hyalopteruspruni'   , one \"on reed-grass\" and the other \"from banana plant\". This aphid has a worldwide distribution, as it is known from Europe, Africa, Asia, North America and Micronesia  (Prunus (assumed favourably on P.domestica) and transfers during the summer to secondary hosts, such as Arundo, Calamagrostis, Phalaris, Phragmites (communis), Poa, Scirpus, Typha (latifolia), and possibly other related plants  In the colder regions of the temperate zonesHyalopteruspruniattacks plums chiefly or exclusively, andPhragmites communis is the usual secondary host. (2) In the warmer temperate and tropical regionsH.pruniattacks chiefly peach, apricot, and almond, whileArundo donax andPhragmites communis serve as secondary hosts. This peculiar host specificity, related to climate, is no doubt the result of the importation of the normally plum-feeding aphid into the warmer regions where plums are rare, and finally into the tropics where plums are absent, with the result that the aphid became adapted to peach, apricot, and almond.\" Other than the record by Efflatoun claiming that P.nigricollis was \"bred\" from banana plant, no other sources were found that confirm the presence of the mealy plum aphid on this plant. The only reported aphid on banana is the banana aphid Pentalonianigronervosa Coquerel, 1859, which is present worldwide where banana (Musa spp.) is grown (According to rolines) . In the d plants . Howeveris grown .Phragmitesaustralis, Rubussanctus and Cynanchumacutum, which is a climber on the reeds, and very rare in Cyprus. The reeds are surrounded by fields, citrus orchards, tourist villas and gardens. There are also extensive reeds along the river and an eucalyptus plantation which is used as a camping site. Searches at the collecting locality in spring 2015 revealed no specimens. On 9 May 2015 aphid colonies were present on Phragmites . On 14 November 2015, almost one year after the first find, at least fifteen specimens were observed and photographed . Despite an extensive search for aphid colonies on this date none were found. Pseudodorosnigricollis has not yet been recorded at other localities in Cyprus.The flies were collected by means of a hand net, in a small reed-bed on the beach west of the village Polis Chrysochou, on the north-west coast of Cyprus. This reed-bed grows in a damp location near the sea and very close to the estuary of the Stavros tis Psokas River Figs , 2. The tes Figs , 4, but hed Figs  and fiveBecker, 1903http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/9739bf1196b18500b0e8c8dd4b6bf0bfPseudodoros (Pseudodoros) nigricollisPseudodoros Becker, 1903 consists of two subgenera  clavata , P. (Dioprosopa) vockerothi  and P. (Pseudodoros) nigricollis Becker, 1903. A review of the genus Pseudodoros was undertaken by Kassebeer (2000) in which he described a new species from South America and concluded that the subgenus Dioprosopa should have generic status with the genus Pseudodoros restricted to the Eastern Mediterranean and Afrotropics and Dioprosopa to the New World. A fourth species, P.psyllidivora S\u00e9guy, 1953 was synomymised by Allobacchasapphirina . Syrphini, recognised Dioprosopa as a subgenus of Pseudodoros. The holotype of P.nigricollis is a male specimen from Cairo, Egypt, collected by Becker in November 1898. Becker published the description of the genus and species in 1903 , a male from 1909 was in his private collection (in Cairo) and the other one in the collection of what was called the Sultania Agricultural Society, also based in Cairo. Where these specimens are at present is unknown to the authors. Also it is unknown which females were used by  The current consensus is that the genus ll, 1947  and Pseu in 1903 . Later, Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Makris; individualCount: 2; sex: males; disposition: in collection A van Eck & C. Makris; Taxon: genus: Pseudodoros; specificEpithet: nigricollis; Location: locationID: Polis Chrysochou; higherGeographyID: Pafos; country: Cyprus; verbatimElevation: 0 m; verbatimLatitude: 35.04220; verbatimLongitude: 32.41530; verbatimCoordinateSystem: decimal degrees; verbatimSRS: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: Andr\u00e9 van Eck; Event: samplingProtocol: hand net; eventTime: 11.00-11.30 PM; verbatimEventDate: 30.XI.2014; habitat: Phragmitesaustralis reed bed; eventRemarks: sunny day, approx. 19-22 degrees CelciusType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Makris; individualCount: 5; disposition: not collected; Taxon: genus: Pseudodoros; specificEpithet: nigricollis; Location: locationID: Polis Chrysochou; higherGeographyID: Pafos; country: Cyprus; verbatimElevation: 0 m; verbatimLatitude: 35.04220; verbatimLongitude: 32.41530; verbatimCoordinateSystem: decimal degrees; verbatimSRS: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: Andr\u00e9 van Eck; Event: samplingProtocol: hand net; eventTime: 11.00-11.30 PM; verbatimEventDate: 30.XI.2014; habitat: Phragmitesaustralis reed bed; fieldNotes: on and between the reeds in a wind sheltered spot; eventRemarks: sunny day, approx. 19-22 degrees CelciusType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Makris; individualCount: 3; sex: males; disposition: in collection A van Eck; Taxon: genus: Pseudodoros; specificEpithet: nigricollis; Location: locationID: Polis Chrysochou; higherGeographyID: Pafos; country: Cyprus; verbatimElevation: 0 m; verbatimLatitude: 35.04220; verbatimLongitude: 32.41530; verbatimCoordinateSystem: decimal degrees; verbatimSRS: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: Andr\u00e9 van Eck; Event: samplingProtocol: hand net; eventTime: 09.00-10.30 PM; verbatimEventDate: 14.XI.2015; habitat: Phragmitesaustralis reed bed; eventRemarks: sunny day, approx. 21-25 degrees CelciusType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Makris; individualCount: 2; sex: 1 male, 1 female; disposition: in collection ZFMK ; Taxon: genus: Pseudodoros; specificEpithet: nigricollis; Location: locationID: Polis Chrysochou; higherGeographyID: Pafos; country: Cyprus; verbatimElevation: 0 m; verbatimLatitude: 35.04220; verbatimLongitude: 32.41530; verbatimCoordinateSystem: decimal degrees; verbatimSRS: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: Andr\u00e9 van Eck; Event: samplingProtocol: hand net; eventTime: 09.00-10.30 PM; verbatimEventDate: 14.XI.2015; habitat: Phragmitesaustralis reed bed; eventRemarks: sunny day, approx. 21-25 degrees CelciusType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: C. Makris; individualCount: 10; disposition: not collected; Taxon: genus: Pseudodoros; specificEpithet: nigricollis; Location: locationID: Polis Chrysochou; higherGeographyID: Pafos; country: Cyprus; verbatimElevation: 0 m; verbatimLatitude: 35.04220; verbatimLongitude: 32.41530; verbatimCoordinateSystem: decimal degrees; verbatimSRS: WGS84; Identification: identifiedBy: Christodoulos Makris; Event: samplingProtocol: hand net; eventTime: 09.00-10.30 PM; verbatimEventDate: 14.XI.2015; habitat: Phragmitesaustralis reed bed; fieldNotes: on and between the reeds in a wind sheltered spot; eventRemarks: sunny day, approx. 21-25 degrees CelciusCitation:Pseudodoros (Pseudodoros) nigricollis Becker, 1903. Becker T (1903) Agyptische Dipteren. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin 2, 67-195.Differential diagnosis:  Syrphidae Community Website. Accessed at: syrphidae.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/973/descriptions on 2016-02-19)Pseudodoros is a genus of Syrphini. P.nigricollis has eye bare; metasternum bare; thorax without yellow maculae except on scutellum; postmetacoxal bridge incomplete; vein M1 slightly sinuate; vein R4+5 straight or nearly so. The subgenus Pseudodoros has abdominal tergum 2 with a median pair of small yellowish maculae; scutellum dark brown; scutum with long, erect pile; pro- and mesotibiae yellow with medial narrow brownish ring; medial black facial vitta narrower than the basoflagellomere's width; mouth edge yellow.Description:  Syrphidae Community Website. Accessed at : syrphidae.myspecies.info/taxonomy/term/973/descriptions on 2016-02-19)Head: Face with median, small facial tubercle, not produced forward , yellow, oral margin yellow, with medial narrow black vitta, yellow pilose; gena yellow anteriorly, brownish posteriorly, pale pilose; lunule dark, dark area connected with facial vitta between antennal bases not surrounding them; frontal triangle yellow, pale pilose; holoptic, eye bare; vertical triangle black, black pilose; antenna dark brown, basoflagellomere slightly elongate, orangish ventrally; occiput black, silver pollinose, whitish pilose.Thorax: Scutum shiny black, with erected, long yellow pile, white pollinose anteriorly; postpronotum bare; scutellum black, yellow pilose, subscutellar fringe complete with yellow pile. Pleuron black, whitish pilose; metasternum bare; calypter yellow; plumula yellow; halter yellow; spiracular fringes yellow. Wing: Wing membrane hyaline, stigma yellow to dark yellow; extensively microtrichose, bare basally before vein h, costal cell bare on basal 1/6, cell CuP bare very basally, and cell BM bare on basal half. Alula broad, as broad as cell BM, with few microtrichia apically. Legs: Coxae and trochanter black. profemur black on basal 2/5, yellow apically; mesofemur black, yellow on apical 1/4; pro- and meso tibiae yellow with medial dark ring; pro- and mesotarsi brown except basitarsomeres yellow; metafemur black, yellow on apical 1/8; metatibia black, yellow on basal half; metatarsi brown.Abdomen: Petiolate, unmargined. Dorsum mainly black except tergum 2 black with two medial small rounded yellow maculae in the lateral margins; tergum 3 black with two lateromedial small yellow maculae; tergum 4 black with two lateral larger yellow maculae close to anterior margin.Similar to male, with frons shiny black, yellow laterally; yellow maculae of tergum 4 a bit larger.Size: Length: body, 11.0-11.4 mm; wing, 7.1-7.5 mm ; body, 9.3-10.0 mm; wing, 6.6-7.2 mm .P.nigricollis can be found throughout the year, but maybe not so in more tropical regions. Thus it seems plausible to conclude that the species breeds in several generations each year. However, there are insufficient records to draw any firm conclusions. One specimen from Cairo was collected as an adult fly in November , would suggest that this syrphid species could be expected northward in Europe.The occurrence of"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1186910.1038/srep11869; published online: 07092015; updated: 10152015In this Article, an additional affiliation for Gabriela Chiuffa was omitted. The correct affiliation is listed below:Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Sao Paulo, BrazilIn addition, the Acknowledgements section is incomplete.\u201cThis work was supported by NIH R01DE011451, R01NS073125, RC1HD063390, National Institute of Mental Health award DP1MH099903, and by Fundacao BIAL 199/12 to MALN.\u201dshould read:\u201cThis work was supported by the CAPES Foundation to G.C.; and by NIH R01DE011451, R01NS073125, RC1HD063390, National Institute of Mental Health award DP1MH099903, and by Fundacao BIAL 199/12 to MALN.\u201d"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1098010.1038/srep10980; published online 06162015; updated: 09022015.This Article contains an error in Affiliation 4. The correct affiliation is listed below:School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2161210.1038/srep21612; published online: 02162016; updated: 04202016.This Article contains typographical errors in the Acknowledgements section.\u201cJiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 1063-515024111)\u201dshould read:\u201cJiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. BK20150823)\u201d"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 28603; 10.1038/srep28603published online: 06292016; updated: 08252016In the HTML version of this Article, there are typographical errors in Equation 8,should read:"}
{"text": "Developing countries face challenges in financing healthcare; often the poor do not receive the most basic services. The past decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of voucher programs, which target output-based subsidies for specific services to poor and underserved groups. The dearth of literature that examines lessons learned risks the wheel being endlessly reinvented. This paper examines commonalities and differences in voucher design and implementation, highlighting lessons learned for the design of new voucher programmes.The methodology comprised: discussion among key experts to develop inclusion/exclusion criteria; up-dating the literature database used by the DFID systematic review of voucher programs; and networking with key contacts to identify new programs and obtain additional program documents. We identified 40 programs for review and extracted a dataset of more than 120 program characteristics for detailed analysis.and private providers, and all facilitate(d) access to services that are well defined, time-limited and reflect the country\u2019s stated health priorities.All programs aimed to increase utilisation of healthcare, particularly maternal health services, overwhelmingly among low-income populations. The majority contract(ed) private providers, or public All voucher programs incorporate a governing body, management agency, contracted providers and target population, and all share the same incentive structure: the transfer of subsidies from consumers to service providers, resulting in a strong effect on both consumer and provider behaviour. Vouchers deliver subsidies to individuals, who in the absence of the subsidy would likely not have sought care, and in all programs a positive behavioural response is observed, with providers investing voucher revenue to attract more clients. A large majority of programs studied used targeting mechanisms.While many programs remain too small to address national-level need among the poor, large programs are being developed at a rate of one every two years, with further programs in the pipeline. The importance of addressing inequalities in access to basic services is recognized as an important component in the drive to achieve universal health coverage; vouchers are increasingly acknowledged as a promising targeting mechanism in this context, particularly where social health insurance is not yet feasible. Globalization is a shorthand term for dramatic economic expansion and growing international interdependence among high-income countries and a large set of post-colonial, low-income countries since the 1980s. That convergence also changes the concept of \u201cdeveloping country\u201d as low-income countries cross into the low-middle income bracket. Yet as globalization has pulled millions from poverty, it has also opened a widening equity gap within countries in terms of income and health status. 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Social and Structural Determinants of Prevalence and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Infections in Southwestern Uganda, 2009, PhD dissertation - University Of California, Berkeley\u25cf\u2002Bellows BW: : Evaluation of output-based aid (OBA) in Uganda: Impact of contracted facilities and social marketed vouchers on knowledge, utilization and prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) 2006\u20132007, Bushenyi, Ibanda, Isingiro, Kiruhura, and Mbarara Districts. 2008, Venture Strategies for Health and Development, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.\u25cf\u2002Bellows BVouchers for Health: Increasing Utilization of Facility-Based STI and Safe Motherhood Services in Uganda. 2009, P4P Case Studies \u2013 Uganda, Bethesda, MD: Health Systems 20/20 project, Abt Associates Inc.\u25cf\u2002Bellows B, Hamilton M: \u25cf\u2002John Bua, Impact of Voucher System on Access to MCH Services in Eastern Uganda. Uganda Abstract University scheme. Jul 2011 [abstract]Evaluation Of Output-Based Aid (OBA) I Uganda: Impact Of Contracted Facilities And Social Marketed Vouchers on Knowledge, Utilization And Prevalence Of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) 2006\u20132007, Venture strategies for Health and Development & Mbarara University of Science and Technology, report, 2006.\u25cf\u2002UGANDA (Makerere University)Increasing access to institutional deliveries using demand and supply side incentives: early results from a quasi-experimental study. BMC International Health and Human Rights 2011, 11(S1):S11\u25cf\u2002Ekirapa-Kiracho E, Waiswa P, Rahman MH, Makumbi F, Kiwanuka N, Okui O, Rutebemberwa E, Bua J, Mutebi A, Nalwadda G, Serwadda D, Pariyo GW, Peters DH. Mu-Jhu Twinning Programme: Increasing Access to Institutional Deliveries Using Demand and Supply Side Incentives, Safe Deliveries Pilot Project Report, February 2011, Annual report, Makerere University, Uganda.\u25cf\u2002VIETNAM: Involvement of private sector in HIV/AIDS prevention in Vietnam \u2013 a public-private partnership (ppp) model: increase access to services of the most at risk population (MARPS).2010, In Journal of Science, Hue University, No 61, Vietnam.\u25cf\u2002Minh PD, Thang NC, van der Velden T, Le Ngoc BaoCan private sector increase access to STI services of the most at risk population (MARPS)? Evidence from Vietnam. The International AIDS Conference 2010 Vienna [abstract].\u25cf\u2002Ngo Van Huu. BCC: Behaviour change communication; BPL: Below poverty line; CCT: Conditional cash transfer; DFID: UK Department for international development; DSF: Demand side financing; FP: Family planning; GBV: Gender based violence; GBVR: Gender based violence recovery; GoK: Government of Kenya; GPOBA: Global partnership on output-based aid; HEF: Health equity fund; KfW: German development bank; MDGs: Millennium development goals; MIS: Management information system; MOH: Ministry of health; MOMS: Ministry of medical services; MOPHS: Ministry of public health and sanitation; MSI: Marie stopes international; NGO: Non-governmental organisation; NHIF: National hospital insurance fund; OCSC: Armenian obstetric care state certificate; PBC: Performance-based contracting; PBF: Performance-based financing; PMTCT: Prevention of mother to child transmission; PMU: Program management unit; PPP: Public private partnership; PSI: Population services international; RBB: Results-based budgeting; RBF: Results-based financing; RH OBA: Reproductive health output-based Aid; RHVP: Reproductive health voucher program; SF: Social franchise; SFO: Social franchising organisation; SHI: Social health insurance; SMH: Safer motherhood; SRH: Sexual reproductive health; STI: Sexually transmitted infection; TB: Tuberculosis; USAID: United States agency for international development; VMA: Voucher management agency; VP: Voucher program.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.CG participated in discussions on the research agenda, worked with AG on the literature review, acquisition of data through networking, analysis and interpretation of those data, and led the final drafting of the manuscript. AG made substantial contributions to conception and design, led the acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, and made substantial contributions to drafting the manuscript. BB conceptualized the initial research agenda, reviewed the data collection templates, and made substantial contributions to drafting the manuscript. JO was involved in literature review, interpretation, drafting, organizing and overall revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."}
{"text": "AbstractCarolina bays are elliptic, directionally aligned basins of disputed origin that occur on the Atlantic Coastal Plain from the Delmarva Peninsula to southern Georgia. In southeastern North Carolina, several large, natural, lacustrine systems  exist within the geomorphological features known as Carolina bays. Within the current distribution of Carolina bays, Bladen and Columbus counties (North Carolina) contain the only known examples of Carolina bay lakes. The Carolina bay lakes can be split into two major divisions, the \u201cBladen Lakes Group\u201d which is characterized as being relatively unproductive (dystrophic \u2013 oligotrophic), and Lake Waccamaw, which stands alone in Columbus County and is known for its high productivity and species richness. Although there have been several studies conducted on these unique lentic systems, none have documented the flora comprehensively.Cyperaceae (25 spp.), Poaceae (21 spp.), Asteraceae (13 spp.), Ericaceae (8 spp.), Juncaceae (8 spp.), and Lentibulariaceae (6 spp.) were the six most species-rich vascular plant families encountered. A guide to the littoral zone flora of Carolina bay lakes is presented herein, including dichotomous keys, species accounts , as well as images of living species and vouchered specimens.Over the 2013\u22122014 growing seasons, the littoral zone flora of Carolina bay lakes was surveyed and vouchered. Literature reviews and herbarium crawls complemented this fieldwork to produce an inventory of the vascular plant species. This survey detected 205 taxa (species/subspecies and varieties) in 136 genera and 80 vascular plant families. Thirty-one species (15.2%) are of conservation concern. Lake Waccamaw exhibited the highest species richness with 145 catalogued taxa and 26 species of conservation concern. Across all sites, the  Carolina bays are shallow elliptical depressions of disputed origin aligned in a northwest-southeast direction on the Atlantic Coastal Plain of the eastern United States from the Delmarva Peninsula to southern Georgia . In soutAlthough there have been several studies conducted on these unique lentic (freshwater) systems , none haA narrow time frame exists to study the few remaining natural freshwater systems not affected by severe degradation. Lake Ecosystems and Abiotic FactorsCatchment Areacatchment areas. A catchment area can also be referred to as a watershed or drainage basin, which is simply the zone of land surrounding a lake that drains precipitation into the lake basin  exhibit physical and chemical characteristics unique to the soils, vegetation, and land use activities present on immediately surrounding lands; thus, no two lakes are exactly the same . All lakke basin . The areke basin . Large cke basin .Water ColorThe observed color of natural lake waters is caused by the selective absorption of wavelengths as light penetrates through the water column . OrganicTrophic statusdystrophic. Dystrophic lakes have low productivity and are often acidic due to large quantities of allochthonous humic input.Trophic status refers to the rate at which organic matter is supplied by or transported into a lake. Humic substances are the most common component in allochthonous organic matter; consequently, wetlands that receive the bulk of their organic matter from allochthonous sources  are heavily \u201ctea-stained\u201d and are commonly referred to in the southeastern United States as \u201cblack water\u201d lakes, streams, rivers, ponds. Lakes receiving the majority of their organic matter from allochthonous sources have been given the term Oligotrophic lakes experience low productivity associated with autochthonous carbon production and low levels of phosphorous and nitrogen. Eutrophic lakes experience high productivity associated with autochthonous production and high levels of phosphorous and nitrogen.Phosphorous is limiting in freshwater systems and is therefore a useful determinant for production. Phosphorous concentrations are easier to quantify than carbon content and production, and, as a result, trophic status is often classified based on phosphorous content . OligotrpH+; 2) into the atmosphere. As weather systems make their way across North America from west to east, they pick up this sulfur dioxide (SO2) and deposit it across the landscape in the form of precipitation . The cumulative effects of acid rain deposition on both terrestrial and aquatic systems is known to be most severe in the eastern United States; this is due to the region's geographic location in relation to broad-scale weather paterns and industries emitting sulfur dioxides  in the water column. When CO2 is taken up and stored by aquatic macrophytes, phytoplankton, and algae during photosynthesis, free hydrogen ions (H+) are neutralized or taken up by carbonates, bicarbonates, and hydroxides, causing a reduction in H+ and thus a higher pH. Respiration adds CO2 into the system, thus releasing free H+ into the water column and lowering the pH , whereas lakes with high alkalinities can withstand the addition of acid (H+) into their systems without proportional drops in pH . It is now used synonymously with acid neutralizing capacity ANC; . Today, Wetzel 2001ps in pH .+) from lakes, thus neutralizing their acidity . Lake Waccamaw, the largest Carolina bay lake, has a high alkalinity  Sarg. , and Gordonialasianthus (L.) J. Ellis . Traditionally, the term \u201cbay\u201d tree has been used when speaking of the laurel trees within the Lauraceae family. While Perseapalustris may be properly referred to as a \u201cbay\u201d tree, Gordonialasianthus and Magnoliavirginiana may not (sensu stricto), hence their common names being one word . Gordonialasianthus and Magnoliavirginiana bear a noticeable morphological resemblence to the laurels of the Lauraceae; thus, they are generally referred to as \u201cbay\u201d trees (sensu lato). North of Virginia, these mysterious landscape features are referred to as Delmarva potholes, bays, or basins . The inability to agree upon a clear-cut definition and universal name for these unique geological features has caused some discrepancy among estimates of bay numbers (Lide 1997).The term 2  of unaltered pocosins were drained for other land uses between 1962 and 1979; and ca. 3,700 km2  of unaltered pocosins remained in North Carolina in 1980. Based on the presence of wetland soils , North Pinustaeda L. (loblolly pine) plantations, cropland, and open lakes (Carolina bay lakes).Geographic location, soil depth, soil type, surrounding land use, varying hydrology, and fire regimes interact to create vastly different vegetative and wetland assemblages within Carolina bays. Taxodium and an herbaceous understory composed mostly of herbaceous taxa). However, clay-based bays do share some of the classical Carolina bay morphology features  with peat-based Carolina bays.Carolina bays can be divided into two classes based on soil substrate: clay-based bays and peat-based bays. The vast majority of Carolina bay literature has referenced peat-based bays, frequently using terms such as \u201cpocosin\u201d or \u201cevergreen shrub bog\u201d to describe the vegetation growing over deep organic soils. However, there are about 27 bays (as of 1982) located in the Carolinas that contain clay subsoil not overlain with sand or peat . These cClay-based bays are species-rich communities, often supporting rare taxa within their boundaries . Clay-baunaltered bays in the state (the county is fourth densest for bays in any condition). The majority of the bays in Bladen County are found in the Cape Fear River Valley, between the Cape Fear River and the South and Black Rivers. All of these bays are considered peat-based bays. Among extent Carolina bay lakes, all but one occur in Bladen County.Bladen County, North Carolina, is well-known for its many Carolina bays. pocosin originated as an eastern Algonquian term meaning \u201cswamp-on-a-hill\u201d , ericaceous shrubs  Moench, Eubotrysracemosa (L.) Nutt., Kalmia L., Lyonia Nutt., Rhododendron L., Vaccinium L., Zenobiapulverulenta (W. Bartram ex Willd.) Pollard), and several other species well-associated with nutrient-poor soils  Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., Nyssabiflora Walter, Pinusserotina, and Smilaxlaurifolia L.).Several Carolina bays in southeastern North Carolina contain large  natural lakes within their elliptic boundaries , therebybay Fig. . The norNine Carolina bay lakes  are known to exist within the known distribution of Carolina bays. All nine lakes occur in Bladen and Columbus counties, North Carolina ; Fig. 3.lakes. There is no universally accepted technical definition that distinguishes a lake from a pond  Supralittoral zone: The zone that lies entirely above the lake surface and is influenced by the spray of the surf.(2) Eulittoral zone: The zone encompassing the entire region of the shoreline from the highest and lowest seasonal water levels. This zone experiences natural disturbances such as water level fluctuations and wave dynamics.(3) Infralittoral zone: This zone is subdivided into three zones in relation to the occurrence and distribution of the major classes of aquatic macrophytes: upper infralittoral zone where emergent rooted macrophytes persist; middle infralittoral zone where floating-leaved rooted macrophytes occur; and lower infralittoral zone where submersed-rooted, adnate, or free-floating macrophytes occur. The eulittoral and infralittoral zones collectively constitute the littoral zone.(4) Littoriprofundal zone: The zone occupied by photosynthetic algae and bacteria, often associated with the metalimnion  of stratified lakes.(5) Profundal zone: The zone that consists of the remainder of the vegetation free sediments.(6) The Littoral ZoneThe littoral zone of lakes  is an important transition zone between adjacent uplands and the deeper pelagic area of the lake. This zone contains vascular macrophytes  that have evolved from their terrestrial ancestors to cope with the physical and physiological demands of persisting in an aquatic environment . The vasAquatic Macrophytes  species may also be emergent. Examples of genera that may be grouped in this category include Carex L.c, Cephalanthus L.c, Cladium P. Brownec, Juncus L.c, Panicum L.c, Pontederia L.c, Rhynchospora Vahlc, Scirpus L.c, and Typha L.(1) Floating-leaved macrophytes: Species rooted in the substratum with floating leaves attached to long flexible petioles or on short petioles attached to an ascending stem.(2) Brasenia Schreb.c, Nelumbo Adans.c, Nuphar Sm.c, Nymphaea L.c, Nymphoides S\u00e9g.c, and Potamogeton Lc.Submersed leaves precede the floating leaves in heterophyllous species. Reproductive organs remain atop or above the water surface. Examples of genera grouped into this category include Submersed macrophytes: Species that remain completely submersed in the water column, but are rooted to the substratum. Leaf morphology is highly variable in this group, from finely dissected to very broad, and reproductive organs may be emersed, floating, or submersed. Examples of genera included in this group are Ceratophyllum L., Isoetes L., and Myriophyllum Lc.(3) Freely floating macrophytes: Species that remain unattached to the substratum and are completely dependent upon the nutrients in the water column for survival. Reproductive organs may be floating or aerial. Examples of genera include Azolla Lam., Eichhornia Kunth, Hydrocharis L., Limnobium Rich., Trapa L., and Utricularia Lc.(4) Factors affecting Aquatic Macrophyte Richness in LakesLatitudeIt is well known that generally the number of species occuring at the equator greatly exceeds that of the temperate and northern latitudes . AlthougpH and AlkalinityPeat-based Carolina bays are known to have acidic (< 7 pH), nutrient poor, organic soils . In manyWater ColorWaters with increased levels of humic substances are typically, dystrophic, acidic, and tea-stained. Tea-stained waters are not as transparent as lakes with low humic substances, thus humic lakes have a shallow euphotic zone and a narrow littoral zone, reducing the abundance and depth at which aquatic macrophytes may grow . VestergHydrographyLake SizeAs a general rule, species richness usually increases with increasing area . FindlayWater Level Variation, Disturbance, and Soil FertilityShorelines exposed to frequent disturbances typically have silt and clay stripped from them; and consequently, contain few nutrients. Sheltered shorelines receive clay and silt deposits and therefore contain a higher nutrient content. Foreshores will have a distinct vegetative community characterized as having low biomass and rare species, while backshores (bays or backwater areas sheltered from disturbance) will support a higher biomass community composed of a few clonal dominants . MacrophBakers LakeBakers Lake  is a small, privately owned, Carolina bay lake, located in northwestern Bladen County between Little Singletary Lake and the Cape Fear River north of Thoroughfare Bay, ca. 1.5\u22122 miles east of the intersection of SR 1318 (Old River Road) and SR 1320  since 1980. Prior to the Johnson\u2019s ownership, Agnes Holden Williams owned the lake and surrounding lands. Ms. Williams\u2019 father acquired the land from an unknown seller during the early 20Anhinga .Bakers Lake forms the headwaters of Phillips Creek, which drains southward into the Cape Fear River. Bakers Lake Natural Area  is known to support five natural community types , Peatland Atlantic White Cedar Forest , Low Pocosin \u2013 Gallberry/Fetterbush Subtype , Sand Barren \u2013 Typic Subtype , and Natural Lake Shoreline \u2013 Cypress Subtype S2,G3; . Bakers Anthropogenic disturbances , fire supression, and rural residential development) have either been documented on site or on adjacent properties  and the chemistry is likely similar to that of the other Bladen lakes. The lake is here considered dystrophic and relatively unproductive.Bay Tree LakeBay Tree Lake  is a large, state-owned Carolina bay lake, located in east-central Bladen County along NC Hwy 41 east of White Lake and west of NC Hwy 210. Bay Tree Lake is part of Bay Tree Lake State Park, a 1,006.85 hectare  park that includes Bay Tree Lake bay and large parcels of land lying to the north and west of Bay Tree Lake Fig. .Gomphusaustralis [Clearlake Clubtail], Gomphuscavillarisbrimleyi [Brimley\u2019s \u201cSandhill\u201d Clubtail], and Progomphusbellei [Belle\u2019s Sanddragon]) that utilize the lake throughout their life cycle.The North Carolina General Assembly passed legislation in 1911 confirming the status of Bay Tree Lake as a state-owned public trust resource . HistoriIn January 1965, a private land development group had the option to purchase 5,665.59 hectares  of land surrounding Bay Tree Lake with the intent of creating an inland resort community . Later tThe purpose of the drainage project was to release tannic, tea-colored, waters from the lake and divert all incoming tannic waters from a northerly adjacent swamp to below the outflow channel. Drainage of the lake was completed in the winter of 1966. The lake remained dry for 5 years while developers removed debris and peat deposits and imported large quantities of white sand, which would later be distributed around the entirety of the lakeshore. In 1970, the lakes outflow channel was plugged and the lake began to refill . After tBay Tree Lake State Park contains five natural community types . Much of the land surounding Bay Tree Lake State Park has been cleared for agriculture (particularly blueberry farms) and has limited the landscape connectivity between it and other intact natural areas. Several bay complexes occur in the immediate vicinity of Bay Tree Lake including Beagle Bay, Black Creek Bay, Causeway Bay, Cooley Bay, Horsepen Bay , Floodgate Bay, Kelso Bay, and Spring Bay. A residential resort community is located along the north and east shorelines of the lake. The boundaries of this community have continued to extend around the east and southeast shorelines. Residential development, agricultural expansion, severe offroad vehicle use, and fire supression are the primary threats to biological diversity within and around Bay Tree Lake State Park (N. Howell pers. obs.). Available water quality parameters for Bay Tree Lake are provided in Table Horseshoe LakeHorseshoe Lake  is an irregularly shaped Carolina bay lake located in northern Bladen County south of Bushy Lake State Natural Area, east of Little Singletary Lake, north of SR 1325 (Gum Springs Rd), and west of SR 1002 (Old Fayetteville Rd). Horseshoe Lake is one of two Carolina bay lakes within Suggs Mill Pond Game Land  parcel was donated to the NCWRC from Canal Woods Industries. Thereafter, much of the remaining property was purchased from Canal Woods. The fact that Horseshoe Lake and Little Singletary lake were not owned by the state of North Carolina until the mid-1990s suggests that these lakes were involved in a similar ownership situation as Bakers Lake  in size be released to the state of North Carolina). Suggs Mill Pond Game Land is one of four North Carolina game lands enrolled in the Cooperative Upland habitat Restoration and Enhancement program (CURE), where management for early successional habitat is the top priority . Traditith or early 20th centuries. Horseshoe Lake was formed subsequent to the dam installation, as water levels began to rise into the peat-filled Carolina bay. Today, it is best described as a semi-permanent impoundment; however, the presence of floating bogs within the lake makes it unique from other semi-permanent impoundments in North Carolina. Parts of the lake support patches of the rare floating bog community (the largest extent known from the state), which is dominated by sedges, orchids, carnivorous plants, and ericaceous shrubs. Other portions comprise the Coastal Plain Semipermanent Impoundment community, which is characterized by open water, dominated by floating-leaved macrophytes, and a sparse overstory of Taxodiumascendens Brongn.The largest bay on site contains a horsehoe-shaped artificial impoundment (Horseshoe Lake). Horseshoe Lake forms the headwaters of Ellis Creek, which drains southwest to the Cape Fear River. Although an old milldam currently maintains Horseshoe Lake, it is thought that a smaller body of open water may have been present prior to the dam\u2019s installation in the late 19Chamaecyparisthyoides, Nyssabiflora, and Taxodiumascendens, while others contain a strictly herbaceous component. Exposed portions of peat can be seen around the peripheries of some bogs; here, Droseraintermedia Hayne, Eleocharisbaldwinii (Torr.) Chapm. E.vivipara/ Link, Pogoniaophioglossoides (L.) Ker Gawl, Utriculariastriata Leconte ex Torr., Utriculariapurpurea Walter, and other small-statured herbaceous plants can be seen colonizing the apparently young peat formations. Isolated floating bogs  of varying size show a consistent zonation pattern. Small statured herbaceous taxa colonize the outer periphery and are slowly replaced by larger herbaceous taxa  Britton, Hypericumvirginicum L., Rhexianashii Small, Rhynchosporaalba (L.) Vahl, Rhynchosporainundata (Oakes) Fernald, Xyrisfimbriata Elliott, and Xyrissmalliana Nash) and woody species  Elliott, Nyssabiflora, and Taxodiumascendens) when moving toward the center. Thus, a dome-shaped appearance is typically seen.The floating bog community type is quite unique. Manifestations of this community type occur just above the water surface and range in size from ca. 10 \u00d7 10 m to a few hectares in size . Some bogs may contain well-developed herbaceous vegetation in addition to small  trees of Droseraintermedia, Dulichiumarundinaceum, Eleocharis R. Br. spp., Hypericumvirginicum, Nymphaeaodorata W.T. Aiton, Rhynchosporaalba, and Utricularia spp.  Griseb., Bidenslaevis (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., Boehmeriacylindrica (L.) Sw., Habenariarepens, Hydrocotyleranunculoides L.f., Persicariaglabra (Willd.) M. G\u00f3mez, and Sacciolepisstriata (L.) Nash, (2) the cat-tail/shrub zone: Kosteletzkyapentacarpos (L.) Ledeb., Typhalatifolia L., and Salixnigra Marshall, and (3) the main body: Acerrubrum, Apiosamericana Medik., Decodonverticillatus, Mikaniascandens (L.) Willd., PanicumvirgatumL.var.virgatum, Perseapalustris, Rubus L. spp., and Taxodiumdistichum (L.) Rich.A separate but similar case of floating vegetation mats, forming as a result of dam installation, has been observed at Goose Creek Reservoir in South Carolina . In 1933Ceratophyllumdemersum L., Cyperuspapyrus L., Eichhorniacrassipes (Mart.) Solms, Phragmiteskarka (Retz.) Trin. ex Steud., Typhadomingensis Pers., Vossiacuspidata (Roxb.) Griff. A complete checklist of the vascular plants collected from this vegetative study can be found in the attached appendix of The floating \u201csudd\u201d vegetation of the upper Nile River is also somewhat similar, forming large floating mats of marsh vegetation both along the margins and within the river. Eleven natural community types exist within Suggs Mill Pond Game Land, but the low and high pocosin communities are dominant, comprising 48%  of the site . Lakes aJones LakeJones Lake  is one of two dystrophic Carolina bay lakes located within Jones Lake State Park  in North Carolina . Lake Wath century, an unknown young man traveled through Columbus County on his way from north Georgia and, upon seeing Lake Waccamaw, described it as \u201cthe most pleasantest place that ever I saw in my life. It is at least eighteen miles round, surrounded with exceeding good land, as oak of all sorts, hickory and fine cypress swamps\u201d  G.C. Tucker, Oldenlandiaboscii (DC.) Chapm., Rhynchosporadecurrens Chapm., and Sabatiakennedyana Fernald) and animal taxa . Tea-stained waters from Friar Swamp are delivered into northeast Lake Waccamaw via Big Creek, the largest of several creeks draining into the lake from Friar Swamp. Lake Waccamaw forms the headwaters of the Waccamaw River, a species-rich river system known to support several rare plant  and loblolly pine plantations (south of the lake). A small portion of Lake Waccamaw\u2019s bay is still present on the northern end.Adiantumcapillus-veneris L.) in the state.The Coastal Plain Marl Outcrop occurs along a roughly 394 m  stretch of northern shoreline and is characterized by having vertical and overhanging low cliffs in the supralittoral zone of the lake. Portions of these cliffs are submerged in the upper eulittoral zone, but local residents privately own terrestrial portions. This marl community is known for supporting the only naturally occuring population of Venus hair fern  to just south of Big Creek. These shorelines support the globally rare Natural Lake Shoreline Marsh (Lake Waccamaw Pondlily Subtype) community. Undeveloped shorelines  occur from just south of Big Creek to the lake\u2019s outlet. Historically, Lake Waccamaw experienced wide-ranging water level fluctuations determined by precipitation. In 1925, a poorly constructed dam was built at the lakes outlet in an effort to stabilize lake levels for increased recreational use. Before construction began, lake levels were so low that vehicles could be driven to the construction site on the dried lake bed .The physical and hydrographic nature of Lake Waccamaw\u2019s shoreline also differs from the other bay lakes. Lake Waccamaw\u2019s shoreline is sandy around its entire periphery , whereasA broad, sandy, terrace (lacking in Bladen lakes) is also present along the southeast shoreline of Lake Waccamaw Fig. . This shFunduluswaccamawensis (Waccamaw Killfish), is found only in waters within and adjacent to Lake Waccamaw and Lake Phelps . Six other faunal taxa known to be rare but not endemic also occur within or adjacent to the lake. Available water quality parameters for Lake Waccamaw are provided in Table The buffering effect of subsurface and surficial limestone on the naturally acidic waters of Lake Waccamaw result in an unusually diverse fauna. Lake Waccamaw contains the largest number of endemic animal species  of any site in North Carolina . An addiLittle Singletary LakeLittle Singletary Lake  is located in the western half of Suggs Mill Pond Game Land Fig. . Unlike th, had burned over 2,023 hectares  of Carolina bay and pocosin habitat, much of which surrounded Little Singletary Lake. During growing seasons of extreme drought, water levels have been known to recede low enough to reveal a clean sandy lake bottom 90\u2212275 m (100\u2212300 yds) out into the lake . Native American projectile points have been found on this lake bottom during drought years .Lands abutting the southern shoreline are privately owned and were once subject to residential development. Remnants of bulkheads and recreational piers can still be seen today along the southeast shoreline. The North Carolina Wildlife Resources Commission gained property rights to all remaining lands surrounding Little Singletary Lake before residential development could ensue. On June 20, 2011, a lightning caused wildfire (Simmons Road Fire) started just west of Little Singletary Lake and by August 18The water quality of Little Singletary Lake has not been documented by state agencies. The water appears high in humic substances and is likely similar to the other Bladen lakes .Salters LakeSalters Lake  is the larger of the two Carolina bay lakes located in Jones Lake State Park Fig. . Saltersimmediate surrounding agricultural  land use, water level control structures, or historical manipulation of any kind. Natural communities and landscape features for Salters Lake are the same as those for Jones Lake (above). Available water quality parameters for Salters Lake are provided in Table Salters Lake is similar to Jones Lake in many respects, but quite possibly could be the most \u201cpristine\u201d of all Carolina bay lakes. Salters Lake has no shoreline development, appreciable recreational activities , Singletary LakeSingletary Lake  is located within Singletary Lake State Park  and Natural Lake Shoreline Marsh (Typic Subtype) communities. White LakeAlthough not included in the sampling aspect of this study, White Lake is unique and deserves a brief summary. White Lake  is a large Carolina bay lake located in east-central Bladen County about 6 miles east of Elizabethtown, just east of the intersection of NC Hwy 53 and U.S. Hwy 701 Fig. . White LMyriophyllumhumile (Raf.) Morong; N. Howell pers. obs.) present at the lakes deepest depths. White Lake receives its hydrologic inputs principally in two forms, precipitation and groundwater (through springs). Although this lake is primarily fed by springs, its overall water levels are determined by the regional water table . Another unique feature of White Lake is the location of its outlet channel. White Lake\u2019s outlet channel is located in the northwestern section of the lake as opposed to the southeastern section where it occurs in all other bay lakes. th century, operated a sawmill on White Lake during the 20 years following 1770. A map in White Lake\u2019s remarkable water clarity is attributed to the presence of artesian springs on the lake bottom . The claBladen Lake Group Climate data from the nearest weather station to the Bladen County bay lakes, ca. 1.6 kilometers away in Elizabethtown, North Carolina , show that during the thirty-year period between 1971-2000, the average annual temperature was 16.44 \u00b0C (61.6 \u00b0F) and mean annual precipitation 1,254.76 mm (49.4 in). Average daily maximum and minimum temperatures were 22.83 \u00b0C (73.1 \u00b0F) and 10.11 \u00b0C 50.2 \u00b0F; ; Fig. 15The lowest temperature recorded for Bladen County was -14.4 \u00b0C (6 \u00b0F) on January 17, 1977 . The higLake Waccamaw Climate data from the nearest weather station to Lake Waccamaw, ca. 16 km away in Whiteville, North Carolina , show that for the 30-year period between 1971 and 2000, the average annual temperature was 17.16 \u00b0C (62.9 \u00b0F) and mean annual precipitation 1,275.08 mm (50.2 in). The average daily maximum and minimum temperatures over the same thirty-year period were 24.3 \u00b0C (75.8 \u00b0F) and 10 \u00b0C 50 \u00b0F; ; Fig. 15The lowest temperature recorded for Columbus County was -15 \u00b0C (5 \u00b0F) on February 12, 1973 . The higFour plant community types and two subtypes can be distinguished within the littoral zone of Carolina bay lakes ; Table 7Taxodiumdistichum \u2013 T.ascendens / Panicumhemitomon Schult. Woodland (CES203.044)].Natural Lake Shoreline Swamp  .Natural Lake Shoreline Swamp  .Natural Lake Shoreline Marsh  .Natural Lake Shoreline Marsh  floating Bog Coastal Plain Semipermanent Impoundment  , Hydrillaverticillata (L.F.) Royle [Hydrocharitaceae], Triadicasebifera (L.) Small [Euphorbiaceae]) from Lake Waccamaw and one (Hypochaerisradicata L. [Asteraceae]) from Bay Tree Lake.Among the natural community types included in this work, the Natural Lake Shoreline Swamp (Lake Waccamaw Subtype) is the most species-rich (145 taxa) and the Natural Lake Shoreline Marsh (Lake Waccamaw Pondlily Subtype) is the least species-rich  occurred in Lake Waccamaw (145 taxa), followed by Bay Tree Lake (56 taxa) and Horseshoe Lake  from Bakers Lake were collected by the first author . The richest eudicotyledonous family was Ericaceae  is the most species-rich family. No exotic taxa or taxa of conservation concern occured at this site. One species  was unique to this Carolina bay lake , followed by herbs (3 taxa), and vines  was collected from this site  Medik., Carexlongii Mack., CyperusodoratusL.var.odoratus, Diodiavirginiana L., Fuirenapumila (Torr.) Spreng., Hypochaerisradicata, Juncusacuminatus Michx., Krigiavirginica (L.) Willd., Nuttallanthuscanadensis (L.) D.A. Sutton, Panicumvirgatum, Rumexhastatulus Baldwin, Smilaxglauca Walter, and StipulicidasetaceaMichx.var.setacea]).The littoral zone vascular flora of Bay Tree Lake is comprised of 56 taxa , in 47 genera and 34 vascular plant families (Table Asteraceae (3 taxa), followed by Ericaceae (2 taxa) and Aquifoliaceae  . The richest monocotyledonous families are Poaceae , Cyperaceae , and Juncaceae (5 taxa). The richest monocotyledon genera are Juncus  and Panicum (3 taxa).The richest eudicotyledon families are Poaceae , Cyperaceae , Juncaceae (5 taxa), and Asteraceae (3 taxa) are the most species-rich families. Among the trees and shrubs, Cupressaceae (3 taxa), Aquifoliaceae (2 taxa), and Ericaceae (2 taxa) are the most species-rich families.The most species-rich habit class was herbs , followed by trees and shrubs , and vines , in 41 genera and 29 vascular plant families Table . All butEricaceae (4 taxa), Lentibulariaceae (3 taxa) and Melastomataceae (3 taxa). The richest eudicotyledonous genera are Rhexia (3 taxa), Utricularia (3 taxa), followed by Hypericum (2 taxa). The richest monocotyledonous families are Cyperaceae (5 taxa), Juncaceae (4 taxa), Poaceae (3 taxa), followed by Orchidaceae (2 taxa), Smilacaceae (2 taxa) and Xyridaceae (2 taxa). The richest monocotyledonous genera are Juncus (4 taxa), followed by Rhynchospora (2 taxa), Smilax (2 taxa), and Xyris (2 taxa).The richest eudicotyledon families are Cyperaceae (6 taxa), Juncaceae (4 taxa), followed by Lentibulariaceae (3 taxa), Melastomataceae (3 taxa), Poaceae (3 taxa), Orchidaceae (2 taxa), and Xyridaceae (2 taxa) are the most species-rich families. Among the trees and shrubs, the most species-rich family is Ericaceae (4 taxa).The most species-rich habit class was herbs , followed by trees and shrubs , and vines  Vahl]). Xyrissmalliana was the only species of conservation concern collected from this site , in 31 genera and 23 vascular plant families Table . All taxEricaceae (5 taxa). The richest eudicotyledonous genus is Lyonia . The richest monocotyledonous families are Cyperaceae (3 taxa) and Poaceae (3 taxa). Monocotyledons are comprised of ten different genera.The richest eudicotyledonous family is Cyperaceae (3 taxa) and Poaceae (3 taxa) are the most species-rich families. Among the trees and shrubs, Ericaceae (5 taxa) and Cupressaceae (3 taxa) are the most species-rich families.The most species-rich habit class was trees and shrubs , followed by herbs (11 taxa), and vines  are known from this site. Ninety-five taxa are unique to Lake Waccamaw , in 111 genera and 72 vascular plant families Table . Of the Asteraceae , followed by Lentibulariaceae (4 taxa), Ericaceae (3 taxa), Rosaceae (3 taxa), and Salicaceae (3 taxa). The richest eudicotyledonous genera are Utricularia (4 taxa), Eupatorium L. (2 taxa), Hypericum (2 taxa), Ludwigia L. (2 taxa), Nyssa (2 taxa), and Salix L. (2 taxa). The richest monocotyledonous families are Poaceae , Cyperaceae , Alismataceae (4 taxa), Juncaceae (3 taxa), Orchidaceae (3 taxa), and Smilacaceae (3 taxa). The richest monocotyledonous genera are Dichanthelium (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould , Rhynchospora , Sagittaria L. (4 taxa), Juncus  and Smilax L. (3 taxa).The richest eudicotyledonous families are Poaceae , Cyperaceae , Asteraceae , Alismataceae (4 taxa), Lentibulariaceae (4 taxa), Juncaceae (3 taxa), and Orchidaceae (3 taxa) are the most species-rich families. Among the trees and shrubs, the Ericaceae (3 taxa), Rosaceae (3 taxa), Salicaceae (3 taxa), Betulaceae (2 taxa), Cupressaceae (2 taxa), Nyssaceae (2 taxa), and Sapindaceae (2 taxa) are the most species-rich families.The most species-rich habit class was herbs , followed by trees and shrubs , and vines  were collected from Little Singletary Lake\u2019s littoral zone  Britton, Sterns & Poggenb., Rhexiavirginica L., and Xyrisjupicai Rich.])The littoral zone flora of Littoral Singletary Lake is comprised of 39 taxa , in 32 genera and 21 vascular plant families Table . All of Rhexia (2 taxa). The richest monocotyledonous families are Cyperaceae , Juncaceae , and Poaceae (3 taxa). The richest monocotyledonous genera are Juncus (4 taxa), Eleocharis (3 taxa), and Panicum (2 taxa).The richest eudicotyledonous genus is Cyperaceae (6 taxa), Juncaceae (4 taxa), and Poaceae (3 taxa) are the most species-rich families. Among the trees and shrubs, the Ericaceae (5 taxa) is the most species-rich family.The most species-rich habit class was herbs , followed by trees and shrubs , and vines  were collected/reported from Salters Lake\u2019s littoral zone The littoral zone flora of Salters Lake is comprised of 22 taxa , in 18 genera and 16 vascular plant families (Table Ericaceae (5 taxa). The richest eudicotyledonous genera are Lyonia (2 taxa) and Vaccinium (2 taxa). The richest monocotyledonous family is Xyridaceae (2 taxa). The richest monocotyledon genus is Xyris (2 taxa).The richest eudicotyledon family is Ericaceae (5 taxa) and Cupressaceae (2 taxa) are the most species-rich families. Among the herbs, the Xyridaceae (2 taxa) is the most species-rich family.The most species-rich habit class was trees and shrubs , herbs , and vines Torr.var.serrulatum  H.E. Ahles]).The littoral zone vascular flora of Singletary Lake is comprised of 36 taxa , in 30 genera and 22 vascular plant families (Table Ericaceae (7 taxa) and Rosaceae (2 taxa). The richest eudicotyledonous genus is Vaccinium (2 taxa). The richest monocotyledonous families are Juncaceae (3 taxa), Poaceae (2 taxa), and Xyridaceae (2 taxa). The richest monocotyledonous genera are Juncus (3 taxa) and Xyris (2 taxa).The richest eudicotyledonous families are Ericaceae (7 taxa), Cupressaceae (3 taxa), Pinaceae (2 taxa), and Rosaceae (2 taxa) are the most species-rich families. Among the herbs, the Juncaceae (3 taxa), Poaceae (2 taxa), and Xyridaceae (2 taxa) are the most species-rich families.The most species-rich habit class was trees and shrubs , herbs , and vines  is provided in Suppl. material This work is restricted to the littoral zone vascular flora of unaltered Carolina bay lake shorelines. The littoral zone was defined as the zone of vegetation occurring between the maximum annual high water mark and the point at which submerged aquatic plants cease to persist Fig. . UnalterNCSC) and its DNA bank. The entirety of Carolina bay lake shorelines was surveyed, but it was quickly observed that all shorelines, save for the southernmost, were relatively depauperate. All taxa occurring along western, northern, and eastern shorelines could be found within the littoral zone of the southern shoreline, but the inverse did not hold true. The significantly gentler hydrography , resulting in 121 field hours and the identification of 204 taxa . A 10-foot aluminum boat with a transom-mounted trolling motor was used to transport equipment along Carolina bay lake shorelines. Where water was too shallow for the use of the trolling motor, we walked and pulled the boat by rope. GPS locations (NAD 83) were taken at numerous intervals and associated with all specimens collected within 30 m of each point. Digital photographs of plant habit and overall morphology were taken prior to collection using a Panasonic Lumix FZ\u2212150. Plant specimens were pressed while in the field. Tissue samples were taken in the field and dessicated with blue indicating silica gel (purchased from Delta Enterprises Inc.) in ziploc bags. Voucher specimens and tissue samples were deposited respectively at the North Carolina State University Vascular Plant Herbarium (The flora is organized by the following major vascular plant groups: (1) pteridophytes, (2) gymnosperms, (3) monocots, and (4) basal angiosperms, magnoliids, and eudicotyledons. Dichotomomous keys are provided to each major group, as well as to families, genera, and species within each group. Notes are provided above some keys to aid in the identification process. Within each group, taxa are arranged alphabetically, by family, then genus, then species.Flora of North America  Small). The use of a \u201cless than\u201d symbol , indicates that the taxon concept used here is narrower than that used by RAB and FNA . An equals symbol followed by a different species name than the one bolded, indicates that the taxon concept used here is the same as in the work cited, except that the taxon was treated under a different name in the work cited .The following information is provided for each taxon account: taxon concept mapping, basionym, conservation status, habit, habitat, flowering and fruiting phenology, abundance, and presence/absence data for each site . Three Abundance estimates following the recommendations of When available, digital photographs and line drawings were obtained from: www.sernecportal.org), which feeds into iDigBio and the Global Biodiversity Data Facility (GBIF).In addition, relevant historical vouchers are cited based on systematic searches of the three major herbaria\u2212DUKE, NCSC, and NCU. Unfortunately, it is not uncommon to find historical specimens containing vague habitat or locality descriptions. For a taxon to be included in the present study, a clear label statement referencing Carolina bay lake shoreline habitat was required . Herbarium vouchers meeting this criterion were annotated (following taxon concepts accepted here) and their label information was subsequently entered into spreadsheets for organization. Label information for new collections resulting from this study was captured in a DarwinCore compliant spreadsheet for upload to the online portal of the Southeastern Regional Network of Expertise and Collections ((L.) C. PreslAnchisteavirginicaBlechnumvirginicum L. Basionym: AnchisteavirginicaWoodwardiavirginica (L.) Sm. \u2212 RAB, FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Bennedict 1247 & 2298 (NCU!); Blomquist & Correll 7625 (NCU!)Lake Waccamaw: Perennial herbs. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral zones (NLSS\u2013LW). Jun\u2013Sep. This species was not encountered by the first author, but voucher specimens (see above) place it within close proximity of Lake Waccamaw\u2019s shoreline . Fig. 20(Chapm.) CranfillLycopodiellaappressaLycopodiuminundatumL.var.appressum Chapm. Basionym: LycopodiellaappressaLycopodiumappressum (Chapm.) F.E. Lloyd & Underw. \u2212 RAB; = FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u22122 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Infrequent): Howell HOLA\u22122, 13 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake : Browns.n. (NCSC!); Howell JOLA\u22121, 23 (NCSC!); Lances.n. (NCU!); Russell 1304 (NCSC!)Jones Lake : Howell LISI\u22128, 26 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake : Howell SILA\u221214 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake (Infrequent): Trees. At or just below the juncture of the supralittoral and eulittoral zones; often in saturated peaty or sandy soil . Mar\u2013Apr; Oct\u2013 Nov. Fig. 25Brongn.TaxodiumascendensT.distichumL.var.imbricarium (Nutt.) Croom \u2212 FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell JOLA\u221214 (NCSC!)Jones Lake (Rare): Howell SILA\u221237 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake (Rare): Trees. Juncture of supralittoral and eulittoral zones (NLSS\u2013C). Apr\u2013Aug (or any time of the year in response to fire). Fig. 28L.Pinustaeda Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221271 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Rare): Howell LISI\u221227 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake (Infrequent): Howell SILA\u221212 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake (Rare): Trees. Juncture of supralittoral and eulittoral zones . Mar\u2013Apr; Oct\u2013 Nov. Fig. 29J.G. Sm.SagittariafiliformisS.stagnorum Small \u2013 GW; S.subulataL. Buchenauvar.gracillima (S. Watson) J.G. Sm.; = FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221293 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone . \u201cGenerally infertile in our area\u201d . This sp33Horkel ex Schleid.Wolffia spp.\u201d from the southwest side Lake Waccamaw. Although a species-level identification has not been made, a key to the two species most likely to inhabit this location is provided in the Identification Keys section below.The first author has not encountered taxa within this genus in the field; however, the Carolina Vegetation Survey reported \u201c(L.) L.TillandsiausneoidesRenealmiausneoides L. Basionym: Tillandsiausneoides Taxon concept: Bakers Lake : \u2022Howell BATR\u221249 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Frequent): Horseshoe Lake : \u2022Howell JOLA\u201333 (NCSC!)Jones Lake : Howell LAWA\u221246, 84 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Abundant): Howell LISI\u221218 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake : Howell SALA\u22129 (NCSC!)Salters Lake : Howell SILA\u22126, 20 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake (Frequent): Taxodium or Nyssa . Apr\u2212Jun. Fig. 34Perennial, epiphytic herbs. Eulittoral zone; common in low-hanging limbs of  Mart.BurmanniacapitataVogeliacapitata Walter ex J.F. Gmel. Basionym: Burmanniacapitata Taxon concept: LeBlond & Franklin 6578 (NCU!)Lake Waccamaw: Annual herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). Jul\u2212Nov. Fig. 35Torr.Carexalata Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221298 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Rare): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone; usually at or just below the juncture of the supralittoral and eulittoral zones (NLSS\u2212LW). May\u2212Jun. Fig. 36Mack.CarexlongiiC.albolutescens Schwein. \u2013 RAB, GW; = FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: SR\u2013O; S3, G5.Howell LAWA\u221216, 146 (NCSC!); LeBlond 3862 (NCU!); Wilbur 49778, 49789 (DUKE!)Lake Waccamaw (Abundant): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). Jul\u2212Sep. This taxon is the principal sedge component of the natural shoreline community of Lake Waccamaw. Fig. 40Muhl.Cyperuserythrorhizos Taxon concept: Buell 2263 (DUKE!); Rothfels, Burge, Duke Natural History Society 2403 (DUKE!)Horseshoe Lake: Annual herbs. floating bogs; saturated, acidic, peaty soil (FB). Jul\u2212Sep. Fig. 41Cyperusodoratusvar.odoratusC.odoratus L. \u2013 RAB, GW; < C.odoratus L. \u2013 FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221236, 40 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Infrequent): Eleocharisbaldwinii/vivipara around the peripheries of floating bogs and along saturated peaty shores, but voucher specimens were not collected. These two species are unidentifiable from a distance and the use of a hand lens is needed to distinguish one from the other.)Horseshoe Lake: \u2022 (The first author has observed Howell LISI\u221243 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake (Rare): Annual (?) herbs. Eulittoral zone and infralittoral zones; typically submersed in shallow water or on sarurated organic to sandy soils above current lake levels . Jul\u2212Sep. Fig. 45(Elliott) Torr.EleocharisequisetoidesScirpusequisetoides Elliott Basionym: Eleocharisequisetoides Taxon concept: W1; S3, G4.Howell LAWA\u221267, 155 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Howell LISI\u221238 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake (Rare): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral and infralittoral zones; calm, quiet waters along shorelines . Jun\u2212Sep. Fig. 46Eleocharisolivaceavar.olivaceaE.flavescens (Poir.) Urb. \u2013 RAB; < E.olivacea Torr. \u2013 GW; < E.flavescens(Poir.)Urb.var.olivacea (Torr.) Gleason \u2013 FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept: State E; S1, G5.Eleocharisbaldwinii/vivipara around the peripheries of floating bogs and along saturated peaty shores, but voucher specimens were not collected. These two species are unidentifiable from a distance and the use of a hand lens is needed to distinguish one from the other.)Horseshoe Lake: \u2022 (The first author has observed Howell LISI\u221253 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake (Rare): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone  or boggy, saturated, organic soils at or just below the maximum annual high water mark . Jul\u2212Sep. Fig. 48(L.) Roem. & Schult.FimbristylisautumnalisScirpusautumnalis L. Basionym: Fimbristylisautumnalis Taxon concept: Radford 677 (NCU!)Lake Waccamaw: Annual herbs. Eulittoral zone; wet, sandy, disturbed areas (NLSS\u2212LW). Jun\u2212Oct. Fig. 49(Torr.) Spreng.FuirenapumilaFuirenasquarrosaMichx.var.pumila Torr. Basionym: Fuirenapumila Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221262 (NCSC!); Wilbur 57396 (DUKE!)Bay Tree Lake (Rare): Annual herbs. Eulittoral zone; typically in moist sandy soil at high water mark. Jul\u2212Oct. Fig. 50(L.) VahlRhynchosporaalbaSchoenusalbus L. Basionym: Rhynchosporaalba Taxon concept: SR\u2212P; S2, G5.Howell HOLA\u221245 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake : Perennial herbs. floating bogs of Horseshoe Lake (FB). Jul\u2212Oct. Fig. 51(Lam.) A. GrayRhynchosporacorniculataSchoenuscorniculatus Lam. Basionym: RhynchosporacorniculataR.corniculata(L.)A. Grayvar.corniculata \u2212 Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Beal 799 (NCSC!)Jones Lake: Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2013C). Jul\u2013Sep. Fig. 54(Oakes) FernaldRhynchosporainundataCeratoschoenusmacrostachyus(Torr. ex A. Gray)A. Grayvar.inundatus Oakes Basionym: Rhynchosporainundata Taxon concept: W1; S3, G4?Howell HOLA\u221253 (NCSC!); Grants.n. (NCU!); Rothfels, Burge, Duke Nat. Hist. Soc. 2401 (DUKE!)Horseshoe Lake (Infrequent): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone of shorelines and on floating bogs . Jul\u2212Sep. Fig. 55 W.W. ThomasRhynchosporalatifoliaDichromenalatifolia Baldwin Basionym: RhynchosporalatifoliaDichromenalatifolia Baldwin ex Elliott \u2013 RAB, GW; = FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u2212130 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). Jul\u2212Sep. Fig. 57(Vahl) A. GrayRhynchosporanitensScirpusnitens Vahl Basionym: RhynchosporanitensPsilocaryanitens (Vahl) Alph. Wood \u2013 RAB, GW; = FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221258 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake : Howell JOLA\u22124, 45 (NCSC!)Jones Lake : Howell LAWA\u2212166 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Little Singletary Lake : \u2022Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone . Jul\u2212Sep. Fig. 59(Hill) DruceEriocaulonaquaticumCespaaquatica Hill Basionym: EriocaulonaquaticumE.pellucidum Michx. \u2013 RAB; = E.septangulare \u2013 GW; = FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept: ]Howell BATR\u221250, 51 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Infrequent): Howell HOLA\u221251 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake (Infrequent): Howell LAWA\u2212107 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Howell LISI\u221225, 51 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake (Infrequent): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone; typically in saturated soils at or below the maximum annual high water mark . Jun\u2013early Sep; Sep\u2013Nov. Fig. 61(L. f.) RoyleHydrillaverticillataSerpiculaverticillata L.f. Basionym: Hydrillaverticillata Taxon concept: Lake Waccamaw: \u00a4Hydrillaverticillata was introduced to Florida in 1950 as an ornamental and has since become a terrible aquatic invasive throughout the Southeast. Where introduced, H.verticillata chokes out native submersed aquatic vegetation , negatively impacts recreational activities and alters natural hydrology and water chemistry . Jun\u2212Aug. This exotic, invasive taxon is native to warm climates of the Old World. hemistry . Fig. 62Najasguadalupensisvar.guadalupensisCauliniaguadalupensis Spreng. Basionym: Najasguadalupensisvar.guadalupensisN.guadalupensis (Spreng.) Magnus \u2013 RAB, GW; = N.guadalupensisssp.guadalupensis \u2013 FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221215 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Rare): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone. May\u2212Aug. Fig. 65ElliottJuncusbiflorusJ. marginatus Rostk. \u2013 GW, FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221232, 170 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). Jul\u2212Oct. Fig. 67Mack.Juncuscoriaceus Taxon concept: Beal 828 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake: Perennial herbs. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral zones (CPSI\u2212CG). Jun\u2212Sep. Fig. 68 H\u00e4met-AhtiJuncuseffusussolutusvar.effususJ.effusus \u2013 RAB, GW, FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u22128 (NCSC!); Wilbur 57395 (DUKE!)Bay Tree Lake : Beal 4348 (NCSC!); Howell HOLA\u221214 (NCSC!); Wilbur & Menchi Ho 83792 (DUKE!)Horseshoe Lake : Howell LAWA\u221230, 31 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Howell LISI\u221219, 44 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake : Howell SILA\u22121, 32 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake : Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone . Jun\u2212Oct. Fig. 71Juncusscirpoidesvar.scirpoidesJ.scirpoides Lam. \u2013 RAB, GW, FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: W1; S2, G5.Lake Waccamaw: \u25baPerennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2013LW). Apr\u2013Nov.(L.) Ker Gawl.PogoniaophioglossoidesArethusaophioglossoides L. Basionym: Pogoniaophioglossoides Taxon concept: Howell HOLA\u221230 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake : Perennial herbs. floating bogs . Mar\u2013Jun. Fig. 75 AmesSpirantheslaciniataGyrostachyslaciniata Small Basionym: SpirantheslaciniataS.\u00d7laciniata \u2013 GW; = FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221267 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Rare): Lake Waccamaw: \u25baPerennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). Sep\u2212Oct. Fig. 86(Muhl. ex Elliott) Scribn.EragrostisrefractaPoarefracta Muhl. ex Elliott Basionym: Eragrostisrefracta Taxon concept: Lake Waccamaw: \u25baPerennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). Jul\u2212Oct.Luziolafluitansvar.fluitansZizaniafluitans Michx. Basionym: Luziolafluitansvar.fluitansHydrochloacarolinensis P. Beauv. \u2013 RAB, GW; = FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221218 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Abundant): Howell HOLA\u221223 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake (Infrequent): Blomquist 1399 (DUKE!); Blomquist & Correll 9379 ; Howell LAWA\u221279 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Abundant): Howell LISI\u221235 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake (Infrequent): Howell SALA\u221214 (NCSC!)Salters Lake : Blomquist 1400 (DUKE!); Howell SILA\u221217 (NCSC!); Wilbur 60947 (DUKE!)Singletary Lake : Perennial herbs. Eulittoral and infralitoral zones . Jun\u2212Jul. Fig. 88Muhl.Panicumverrucosum Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221253 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Infrequent): Howell JOLA\u221240, 41 (NCSC!)Jones Lake (Rare): Howell LISI\u221250 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake (Rare): Annual herbs. Eulittoral zone . Aug\u2212Oct. Fig. 89Panicumvirgatumvar.virgatumP.virgatum \u2013 RAB, GW, FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221243, 54, 55 (NCSC!); Wilbur 48657, 57394 (DUKE!)Bay Tree Lake : Rothfels, Burge, Duke Natural History Society 2398 (DUKE!)Horseshoe Lake: Howell LAWA\u2212131 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Beal 3225 (NCSC!); Freys.n. (NCU!); Howell SILA\u221238 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake : Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone . Jul\u2212Oct. Fig. 92(Michx.) Scribn.SphenopholisobtusataAriaobtusata Michx. Basionym: Sphenopholisobtusata Taxon concept: Blomquist 1492 (DUKE!)Lake Waccamaw: Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). Apr\u2212May. Fig. 93Pontederiacordatavar.cordataP.cordata \u2212 RAB; = GW; < P.cordata \u2013 FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Lake Waccamaw: \u25baPerennial herbs. Eulittoral and infralittoral zones . Jun\u2212Sep. Fig. 95L.PotamogetonpusillusP.berchtoldii Fieber \u2013 RAB; = GW; > P.pusillusL.ssp.pusillus \u2013 FNA; > P.pusillusL.var.pusillus \u2212 Weakley] Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221229 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Rare): Perennial vines. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral zones. Late Apr\u2212Early Jun; Sep\u2212Nov and persisting. Fig. 96L.Smilaxlaurifolia Taxon concept: Howell BALA\u221213 (NCSC!)Bakers Lake (Frequent): Howell BATR\u221244 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake : Howell HOLA\u22123 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake : Howell JOLA\u22127 (NCSC!)Jones Lake (Frequent): Howell LAWA\u221234 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Howell SALA\u22124, 15 (NCSC!)Salters Lake (Frequent): Howell SILA\u22129 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake (Frequent): Perennial vines. Eulittoral zone; typically at the maximum annual high water mark in saturated organic to sandy soils . Jul\u2212Aug; Sep\u2212Oct and persisting. Fig. 97L.Smilaxrotundifolia Taxon concept: Lake Waccamaw: \u2666Perennial vines. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral (NLSS\u2212LW). Apr\u2212May; Sep\u2212Oct and persisting. Fig. 98PurshSmilaxwalteri Taxon concept: Howell HOLA\u221213, 21, 25 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake : Howell LAWA\u221229, 55, 162 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Perennial vines. Eulittoral zone . Late Apr\u2212May; Sep\u2212Nov and persisting. Fig. 99ElliottXyrisfimbriata Taxon concept: Rothfels, Burge, Duke Natural History Society 2400, 2404 (DUKE!)Horseshoe Lake: Lake Waccamaw: \u25baFreys.n. (NCU!)Singletary Lake: Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone . Sep\u2212Oct. Fig. 100Chapm.XyrisiridifoliaX.laxifoliaMart.var.iridifolia (Chapm.) Kral \u2013 FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept: Howell LISI\u221246 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake (Infrequent): Annual, rarely biennial, herbs. Eulittoral zone . Jul\u2212Sep. Fig. 101NashXyrissmalliana Taxon concept: W1; S3, G5.R.L Wilbur 81092 (DUKE!)Horseshoe Lake: Howell JOLA\u221242 (NCSC!)Jones Lake : Howell LAWA\u2212114, 125, 142, 144 (NCSC!); LeBlond 3996 (NCU)Lake Waccamaw (Abundant): Beckman & Linnenburger 24 (DUKE!); Grants.n. (NCU)Salters Lake: Howell SILA\u221229 (NCSC!); Rothfels & O\u2019 Reilly, Shaw Lab s.n. (DUKE!)Singletary Lake : Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone . Jul\u2212Aug. Fig. 102L.Liquidambarstyraciflua Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221247 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Infrequent): Howell LAWA\u221245, 133 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Trees. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral zones (NLSS\u2013LW). Apr\u2013May; Aug\u2013Sep. Fig. 103(Mart.) Griseb.AlternantheraphiloxeroidesBucholziaphiloxeroides Mart. Basionym: Alternantheraphiloxeroides Taxon concept: Beal 543, 1776 (DUKE!); Howell LAWA\u221265 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone; calm, quiet waters (NLSS\u2013LW). Apr\u2013Oct. Fig. 104Rhuscopallinumvar.copallinumR.copallina L. \u2013 RAB; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221225, 115 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Frequent): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2013LW). Jun\u2013Aug; Jul\u2013Sep. Fig. 107Cicutamaculatavar.maculataC.maculata L. \u2013 RAB, GW; = Weakley] Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221216 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Rare): Howell JOLA\u221210, 32 (NCSC!)Jones Lake : Shrubs. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral zones (NLSS\u2212C). Apr\u2212May; Sep\u2212Oct. Fig. 109(L.) A. GrayIlexglabraPrinosglaber L. Basionym: Ilexglabra Taxon concept: Howell BALA\u22129 (NCSC!)Bakers Lake (Rare): Howell BATR\u22123, 59 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Rare): Howell LAWA\u22129, 153 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Shrubs. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral zones . May\u2212Jun; Sep\u2212Nov. Fig. 110L.Hydrocotyleumbellata Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221245 Bay Tree Lake (Rare): Howell LAWA\u221224, 53 Lake Waccamaw (Frequent): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2013LW). Apr\u2013Sep. Fig. 111L.Baccharishalimifolia Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221288 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Taxodium in the littoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). Aug\u2212Oct. Fig. Shrubs. Eulittoral zone; can be found on saturated soil at or just below the mean annual high water mark or growing from the bases of (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.BidenslaevisHelianthuslaevis L. Basionym: Bidenslaevis Taxon concept: Radford 683 (NCU!)Lake Waccamaw: Annual herbs. Eulittoral zone; wet sandy beaches and sand bars (NLSS\u2212LW). (Aug\u2212Nov). The first author did not encounter this taxon in the field, but a single voucher confirms its historical presence. Fig. 113(Hill) FernaldBoltoniaasteroidesvar.glastifoliaMatricariaglastifolia Hill Basionym: Boltoniaasteroidesvar.glastifoliaB.asteroides (L.) L\u2019H\u00e9r \u2013 RAB; < Boltonia spp. \u2013 GW ; < B.asteroides(L.)L\u2019H\u00e9rvar.asteroides \u2013 FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept: Lake Waccamaw: \u2666Biennial or short-lived perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). Late Mar\u2212Jun. Fig. 115(Lam.) Small ex Porter & BrittonEupatoriumcapillifoliumArtemisiacapillifolia Lam. Basionym: EupatoriumcapillifoliumE.capillifolium(Lam.)Small ex Porter & Brittonvar.capillifolium \u2013 RAB; = GW, FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221220 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Rare): Annual herbs. Eulittoral zone; moist sandy shores. Late Mar\u2212Jul. Fig. 120(L.) Willd.MikaniascandensEupatoriumscandens L. Basionym: Mikaniascandens Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u2212161 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Perennial, sometimes lianescent, vines. Eulittoral zone; usually sprawling and climbing on small shrubs and trees (NLSS\u2212LW). Jun\u2212Oct. Fig. 121(Mill.) PruskiPlucheabaccharisConyzabaccharis Mill. Basionym: PlucheabaccharisP.rosea R.K. Godfrey \u2013 RAB; = P.roseaR.K. Godfreyvar.rosea \u2013 GW; = FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221218, 23, 103, 108 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Frequent): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). May\u2212Aug; Jul\u2212Oct. Fig. 123Mill.Solidagofistulosa Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221264, 65 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Rare): Buell 2266 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake: Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone; saturated peaty to sandy soils at or just below the mean annual high water mark (CPSI\u2212CG). Aug\u2212Nov. Fig. 124(Aiton) Willd.AlnusserrulataBetulaserrulata Aiton Basionym: Alnusserrulata Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221239, 170 (NCSC!); Matthews 683 (NCU!)Lake Waccamaw : Shrubs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2013LW). Feb\u2013Mar; Aug\u2013Oct. Fig. 125L.Betulanigra Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221213, 19 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake : Blomquist 15004 (DUKE!); Howell LAWA\u221237, 63 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Howell LISI\u221229 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake (Infrequent): Trees. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2013LW). Mar\u2013Apr; May\u2013Jun. Fig. 126(L.) BureauCampsisradicansBignoniaradicans L. Basionym: Campsisradicans Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221281 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Lianas. Eulittoral zone; climbing on young trees and shrubs at or just below the mean annual high water mark (NLSS\u2212LW). Jun\u2212Jul; Sep\u2212Oct. Fig. 127J.F. Gmel.Braseniaschreberi Taxon concept: Howell HOLA\u221243 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake (Infrequent): Perennial herbs. Infralittoral zone (CPSI\u2013CG). Jun\u2013Oct. Fig. 128A. GrayCabombacaroliniana Taxon concept: Howell HOLA\u221226 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake (Infrequent): Infralittoral Zone (CPSI\u2013CG). May\u2013Sep. Fig. 129Perennial herbs. WalterLobeliaglandulosa Taxon concept: Lake Waccamaw: \u00a4Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). Sep\u2212Oct.Roem. & Schult.Lobelianuttallii Taxon concept: Howell HOLA\u221247 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake (Rare): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone; moist sandy soil at or just below the high water mark (CPSI\u2212CG). May\u2212Nov. Fig. 130Stipulicidasetaceavar.setaceaS.setacea Michx. \u2013 RAB; = FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221238, 41, 60 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Frequent): Howell HOLA\u221237 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake : Jones Lake : \u2022Howell LAWA\u2212100 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Frequent): Howell LISI\u221232 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake (Frequent): Howell SILA\u221211, 23 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake (Frequent): Shrubs or small trees. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral zones . May\u2212Jul; Sep\u2212Oct. Fig. 133HayneDroseraintermedia Taxon concept: Howell HOLA\u221228, 40, 49 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake (Frequent): Howell LISI\u221252, 56 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake : Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone and floating bogs . Jul\u2013Sep. Fig. 134L.Diospyrosvirginiana Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221280 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Rare): Trees. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral zones (NLSS\u2212LW). May\u2212Jun; Sep\u2212Dec. Fig. 135(L.) MoenchChamaedaphnecalyculataAndromedacalyculata L. Basionym: ChamaedaphnecalyculataCassandracalyculata (L.) D. Don \u2212 RAB; = FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell BALA\u22128 (NCSC!)Bakers Lake : Howell BATR\u221217 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake : Howell HOLA\u22127 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake : Howell JOLA\u221211, 19 (NCSC!)Jones Lake (Frequent): Howell LAWA\u221235 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Howell LISI\u22125, 36 (NCSC!)Little Singletary : Howell SALA\u22125, 11 (NCSC!)Salters Lake (Frequent): Howell SILA\u22123 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake (Frequent): Taxodium . Apr\u2013early Jun; Sep\u2013Oct. Fig. 139Shrubs. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral zones; sometimes growing from the bases of mature  H.E. AhlesRhododendronviscosumvar.serrulatumAzaleaserrulata Small Basionym: Rhododendronviscosumvar.serrulatumR.viscosum \u2013 GW, FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell BALA\u22125 (NCSC!)Bakers Lake (Infrequent): Howell HOLA\u221217, 22, 35 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake : Howell JOLA\u221225 (NCSC!)Jones Lake : Howell LISI\u221210, 23 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake : Fox & Boyce 3781 (NCSC!); Fox, Wells, Sharp, Whitford, Fairchild 1708 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake: Taxodium . Apr\u2013Jun; Sep\u2013Oct. Fig. 143Shrubs. Juncture of supralittoral and eulittoral zones; sometimes growing on the bases of mature (L.) SmallTriadicasebiferaCrotonsebifer L. Basionym: TriadicasebiferaSapiumsebiferum (L.) Roxb. \u2013 RAB, GW; = Weakley] Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221237 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake : Howell LAWA\u221299, 117 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Howell SILA\u221235 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake (Infrequent): Lianas. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2013LW). Apr\u2013May; Jun\u2013Sep. Fig. 145L.Quercusnigra Taxon concept: Godfrey 6320 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw: Trees. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral zones (NLSS\u2013LW). Apr; Sep\u2013Nov. Fig. 146(L.) J. St.\u2212Hil.GelsemiumsempervirensBignoniasempervirens L. Basionym: Gelsemiumsempervirens Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221210, 25 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake : Howell HOLA\u22124 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake (Rare): Howell JOLA\u221234 (NCSC!)Jones Lake (Infrequent): Howell LAWA\u221241 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Howell LISI\u221234 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake (Infrequent): Howell SILA\u221236 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake (Infrequent): Lianas. Eulittoral zone . Mar\u2013early May; Sept\u2013Nov. Fig. 147L.Decumariabarbara Taxon concept: Dumond 1621 (NCU!); Godfrey 52278 (NCSC!); Howell LAWA\u221286 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Rare): Lianas. Eulittoral zone; climbing on trees and shrubs at or just below the maximum annual high water mark . May\u2212Jun; Jul\u2212Oct. Fig. 148L.Hypericumcanadense Taxon concept: Howell HOLA\u221248 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake (Rare): Annual or perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone; moist sandy soils at or just below the maximum annual high water mark (CPSI\u2212CG). Jul\u2212Sep. Fig. 149Hypericummutilumvar.mutilumH.mutilum L. \u2013 RAB, GW; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell BALA\u22126 (NCSC!)Bakers Lake (Infrequent): Howell HOLA\u22129 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake : Howell JOLA\u221227 (NCSC!)Jones Lake : Howell LAWA\u221285 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Howell SILA\u22122 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake : Shrubs. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral zones; sometimes establishing itself on stumps, logs, and bases of trees in the eulittoral zone . May\u2212Jun. Fig. 153(Mill.) SweetCaryaglabraJuglansglabra Mill. Basionym: CaryaglabraC.glabra (Mill.) Sweet \u2013 FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u2212109 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Rare): Annual or perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone; commonly in saturated sandy to peaty soils just above current water levels or in 1\u22124 inches of water (NLSS\u2212LW). May\u2212Sep. Fig. 157L.UtriculariagibbaU.biflora Lam. \u2013 GW; = Weakley] Taxon concept: Howell HOLA\u221236 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake : Annual or perennial herbs. Eulittoral and infralittoral zones; floating bogs (CPSI\u2212CG). May\u2212Sep. Fig. 159B.D. Greene ex BigelowUtriculariaresupinata Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u2212123 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Rare): Annual or perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone; commonly in saturated sandy to peaty soils above current lake levels or in 1\u22124 inches of water (NLSS\u2212LW). Jun\u2212Aug. Fig. 160Leconte ex Torr.UtriculariastriataU.fibrosa Walter \u2013 RAB, GW; = Weakley] Taxon concept: Lake Waccamaw: \u2666Howell LISI\u221228, 49 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake (Infrequent): Annual or perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone; typically found in saturated sands and peats . Mar\u2212Aug. Fig. 162Linderniadubiavar.dubiaGratioladubia L. Basionym: Linderniadubiavar.dubiaL.dubia (L.) Pennell \u2013 RAB, GW; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Bay Tree Lake (Infrequent): \u2022Howell HOLA\u221231 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake : Jones Lake (Infrequent): \u2022Salters Lake (Infrequent): \u2022Shrubs. Eulittoral zone . Jul\u2212Sep. Fig. 165Magnoliavirginianavar.virginianaM.virginiana \u2013 RAB, GW, FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept: SC\u2013V, FSC; S3, G3G4.Horseshoe Lake: \u25baPerennial herbs. floating bogs . Jun\u2013Sep. Fig. 167Griseb.Rhexiacubensis Taxon concept: W1; S3, G4G5.Howell LAWA\u2013113, 126, 129 (NCSC!); LeBlond 3990 (NCU!)Lake Waccamaw : Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLS\u2013LW). Jun\u2013Sep. Fig. 168Michx.Rhexiamarianavar.exalbidaR.marianavar.mariana \u2013 GW; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Harper 954 (NCU!); Howell LAWA\u221228, 54 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). Late Apr\u2212Sep. Fig. 172(L.) SmallMorellaceriferaMyricacerifera L. Basionym: MorellaceriferaMyricaceriferaL.var.cerifera \u2013 RAB; < Myricacerifera L. \u2013 GW, FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept W7; S2, G4.Bell 12836 (NCU!); Leonard, Burnham & Ripperton 1748 (NCU!); Radford 6078 (NCU!); Schallert 10662 (DUKE!)Lake Waccamaw: Perennial herbs. Eulittoral and infralittoral zones . Jun\u2212Sep. Fig. 174 PurshNupharsagittifoliaNymphaeasagittifolia Walter Basionym: NupharsagittifoliaN.luteum(L.)Sibth. & J.E. Smithssp.sagittifolium  E.O. Beal \u2013 RAB, GW; = FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221256, 89 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Trees. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). Apr\u2212May; Sep\u2212Oct. Fig. 177WalterNyssabifloraN.sylvaticaMarshallvar.biflora  Sarg. \u2013 RAB, GW; = Weakley] Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221270, 75 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Trees. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2013LW). May; Jul\u2013Oct. Fig. 179(Long) EamesLudwigiabrevipesLudwigianthabrevipes Long Basionym: Ludwigiabrevipes Taxon concept: SR\u2013T, FSC; S1S2, G2G3.Howell LAWA\u2212102, 118 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLS\u2013LW). Jul\u2013Oct. Fig. 180ElliottLudwigiasphaerocarpa Taxon concept: E; S1, G5.Howell LAWA\u221233, 143 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone (NLS\u2013LW). Jun\u2013Sep. Fig. 181 B.L. Rob.BacopacarolinianaObolariacaroliniana Walter Basionym: Bacopacaroliniana Taxon concept: T; S1, G4G5.Howell LAWA\u221266, 120 (NCSC!); LeBlond 3984 (NCU!)Lake Waccamaw (Rare): Perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone; calm, quiet waters (NLSS\u2013LW). May\u2013Sep. Fig. 182(L.) D.A. SuttonNuttallanthuscanadensisAntirrhhinumcanadense L. Basionym: NuttallanthuscanadensisLinariacanadensis (L.) Dum. Cours.; = Weakley] Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221268 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Trees. Eulittoral zone; on saturated soils of sandbars and shorelines (NLSS\u2212LW). Apr\u2212May; Sep\u2212Nov. Fig. 184L.Polygalalutea Taxon concept: Howell HOLA\u221250 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake (Rare): Howell LAWA\u2212127 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Rare): Biennial herbs. Eulittoral zone; moist sandy soils at or below the maximum annual high water mark . Apr\u2212Oct. Fig. 185BaldwinRumexhastatulus Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221214, 23, 30 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Infrequent): Annual or short-lived perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone; moist sandy to peaty shores. Mar\u2212May; May\u2212Jul. Fig. 186L.Clematiscrispa Taxon concept: Matthewss.n. (NCU!)Lake Waccamaw: Perennial, sometimes lianescent, vines. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2013LW). Apr\u2013Aug. Fig. 187(Hill) K. KochBerchemiascandensRhamnusscandens Hill Basionym: Berchemiascandens Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221238 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw : Lianas. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2013LW). Apr\u2013May; Aug\u2013Oct. Fig. 188(L.) Medik.AmelanchiercanadensisMespiluscanadensis L. Basionym: Amelanchiercanadensis Taxon concept: Radford 1354 (NCU!)Bay Tree Lake: Shrubs or small trees. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral zones. Mar\u2212Apr; May\u2212Jun. Fig. 189(Michx.) AsheAmelanchierobovalisMespiluscanadensisL.var.obovalis Michx. Basionym: Amelanchierobovalis Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221248 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Rare): Taxodiumascendens arising from the same stump. The shrub established itself in the small amount of soil that had accumulated in the depression through the years. Fig. 190Shrubs. Eulittoral zone (NLSS\u2212LW). Mar\u2212Apr; May\u2212Jun. The only specimen encountered by the current author was found in a shallow concave depression in the middle of two boles of (L.) Pers.AroniaarbutifoliaMespilusarbutifolia L. Basionym: AroniaarbutifoliaSorbusarbutifolia(L.)Hyenh.var.arbutifolia; = RAB; = GW, FNA, Weakley] Taxon concept: LAWA\u221274, 112 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Fox, Wells, Sharp, Whitford, Fairchild s. n. (NCSC!)Singletary Lake: Rosapalustris can be distinguished from R.multiflora, a common exotic in the North Carolina Coastal Plain, by its large (adnate portion 13\u201330 mm long), entire, stipules. Those of R.multiflora are up to 21 mm long (adnate portion 3\u201315 mm long) and pectinate- fringed. Fig. 192Shrubs. Eulittoral zone; sandy to peaty soils at or just below the maximum annual high water mark . May\u2212Jul; Sep\u2212Oct. Poir.RubuspensilvanicusR.argutus Link \u2013 RAB, GW; > R.betulifolius Small \u2013 RAB; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell BATR\u221222 (NCSC!)Bay Tree Lake (Rare): Annual or perennial herbs. Eulittoral zone; sandy soils at or just below the maximum annual high water mark. Jun\u2013Dec. Fig. 195Galiumobtusumvar.obtusumG.obtusum \u2013 GW; = Weakley] Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221291 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Trees. Eulittoral zone; saturated soils at or just below the maximum annual high water mark (NLSS\u2212LW). Mar\u2212Apr. Fig. 197Michx.Salixcaroliniana Taxon concept: Harper 970 (NCU!); Matthewss.n. Lake Waccamaw: Trees. Eulittoral zone; sandbars and sandy shorelines (NLSS\u2212LW). Mar\u2212Apr. This taxon was not encountered by the first author, but voucher specimens confirm its historical presence. Fig. 198MarshallSalixnigra Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221272 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Trees. Eulittoral zone; sandbars and sandy shorelines (NLSS\u2212LW). Mar\u2212Apr. Fig. 199Phoradendronleucarpumvar.leucarpumViscumleucarpum Raf. Basionym: Phoradendronleucarpumvar.leucarpumP.serotinum (Raf.) M.C. Johnst. \u2013 RAB; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Buell & Whitford s.n. (NCSC!); Howell HOLA\u221216, 41 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake (Abundant): Perennial herbs. floating bogs . Mar\u2013Apr; May\u2013Jun. Fig. 204(L.) J. EllisGordonialasianthusHypericumlasianthus L. Basionym: Gordonialasianthus Taxon concept: Howell BALA\u221216 (NCSC!)Bakers Lake (Infrequent): Buell 2262 (NCSC!)Horseshoe Lake: Howell JOLA\u22122 (NCSC!)Jones Lake : Howell LISI\u221230, 48 (NCSC!)Little Singletary Lake (Infrequent): Howell SILA\u221230 (NCSC!)Singletary Lake (Infrequent): Trees. Juncture of eulittoral and supralittoral zones (NLSS\u2212C). Jul\u2212Sep; Sep\u2212Oct. Fig. 205Ulmusamericanavar.americanaU.americana L. \u2013 RAB, GW, FNA; = Weakley] Taxon concept:  Taxon concept: Howell LAWA\u221294 (NCSC!)Lake Waccamaw (Infrequent): Lianas. Eulittoral zone; growing on fallen trees, shrubs, and erect trees at or just below the maximum annual high water mark (NLSS\u2212LW). May\u2212Jul; Jul\u2212Aug. Fig. 208Supplementary material 1Carolina bay lakes literatureData type: referencesBrief description: List of citations regarding Carolina bay lakesFile: oo_72560.docNathan HowellSupplementary material 2Floras, manuals, guides, and broader floristic works on site-specific and broad-scale aquatic/wetland habitats of the eastern United States.Data type: referencesBrief description: List of some floras, manuals, guides, and broader floristic works aquatic/wetland habitats of the eastern United States that may be of interest to readers.File: oo_72561.docNathan HowellSupplementary material 3Sample taxon entry with brief descriptions of working parts.Data type: taxon entry components and definitionsFile: oo_72562.docNathan HowellSupplementary material 4Literature highlighting the ecological, biological, and cultural importance of Carolina bays.Data type: referencesFile: oo_72563.docNathan HowellSupplementary material 5Suggested collection methods for problematic aquatic taxa and sampling methods of floating bog communities.Data type: collection suggestionsFile: oo_72564.docNathan HowellSupplementary material 6Checklist of the littoral zone vascular flora of unaltered Carolina bay lake shorelines .Data type: occurrencesby the present author, abundance estimates sensu Palmer et al. (1995) are provided. Abundance estimates in this checklist reflect the abundance in which the taxa occur within each lake. Status and rank designations are also provided for rare taxa monitored by the NC Natural Heritage Program (Robinson and Finnegan 2014). The term \u201crestricted\u201d is used here only to indicate the presence of a taxon within a particular lake among all those surveyed and not in a global sense . A = Abundant; F= Frequent; I=Infrequent; O = Occasional; R = Rare; = \u00fe restricted to lake indicated;  = not vouchered ; H = taxon has been collected and vouchered in the past but not by the present author. BALA = Bakers Lake; BATR = Bay Tree Lake; HOLA = Horseshoe Lake; JOLA = Jones Lake; LAWA = Lake Waccamaw; LISI = Little Singletary; SALA = Salters Lake; SILA = Singletary Lake.Brief description: Taxa are organized by major plant groups , then alphabetically by family, genus, and species. Parentheses around a taxon indicate that it is not vouchered . For taxa collected from Carolina bay lake littoral zones File: oo_72565.docNathan HowellSupplementary material 7Provisional checklist of the littoral zone vascular flora from White Lake based on historical vouchers, personal observations, and literature reviews.Data type: occurrencesBrief description: This checklist does not represent a complete inventory of this locality, but rather serves as a baseline for future research. Taxa are arranged by major groups , then alphabetically by family, genus, and species. Basal angiosperms and pteridophytes were not represented by vouchers, observations, or reports and are therefore not included in the following checklist. Brackets around a taxon indicate that it is unvouchered . Status and rank designations are also provided for rare taxa monitored by the NC Natural Heritage Program (Robinson and Finnegan 2014).File: oo_82955.docNathan HowellSupplementary material 8Climate data supporting Fig 15 Data type: climateBrief description: Monthly mean temperature and precipitation data for Bladen and Columbus County.File: oo_75216.xlsxNathan HowellSupplementary material 9Data supporting Fig 16 Data type: morphologicalBrief description: Counts of the number of taxa in the categories of herb, tree/shrub, and vine for each Carolina bay lake flora.File: oo_75217.xlsxNathan HowellSupplementary material 10Data supporting Fig 17 Data type: taxonomicBrief description: Counts of the number of taxa in each of the thirteen most species-rich vascular plant families in each Carolina bay lake flora.File: oo_75218.xlsxNathan HowellSupplementary material 11Howell specimen collectionsData type: occurrenceshttp://sernecportal.org.Brief description: Comma delimited file of occurrence data (DwC) for the specimens collected by the first author from Carolina Bay Lakes. Precise locality data has been redacted for species of conservation concern. Specimens are deposited at NCSC. Images are available through File: oo_83035.csvNathan Howell"}
{"text": "FST(SUMMER) = 0.093, FST(SWARMING) = 0.052; northern long-eared bat: FST(SUMMER) = 0.117, FST(SWARMING) = 0.043) and little microsatellite DNA differentiation among summering and among swarming sites.There are multiple errors in the fifth sentence of the Abstract. The publisher apologizes for the errors. The correct sentence is: Both species exhibited moderate degrees of mitochondrial DNA differentiation (little brown bat:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Chi Wai Lau. The correct citation is: Murugan D, Lau YS, Lau CW, Mustafa MR, Huang Y (2015) Angiotensin 1\u20137 Protects against Angiotensin II-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction via Mas Receptor. PLoS ONE 10(12): e0145413. doi:There are errors in the affiliations for the third and fifth authors. Chi Wai Lau and Yu Huang are affiliated not only with 2, but also with Institute of Vascular Medicine, Shenzhen Research Institute, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2300210.1038/srep23002; published online: 03142016; updated: 05042016This Article contains errors in the Author Contributions Statement,\u201cJ.S.T. headed and interpreted the data analysis, revised the manuscript.\u201dshould read:\u201cJ.S.T helped design data analysis strategies and analysis result interpretation, and contributed to manuscript revision.\u201dIn addition, the present address for Francesco M. Marincola was omitted. The correct address is listed below:Sidra Medical and Research Center, Research Branch, Doha, Qatar."}
{"text": "Nature Communications 7:12542 doi: 10.1038/ncomms12542 (2016); Published 08192016Energetics arguments are often invoked to explain the early 2000s slowdown of the global mean surface temperature (GMST) increase, a phenomenon often dubbed as the \u2018hiatus'. Our recent paper56Chen and Tung8In other technical comments, Chen and TungThe net incoming radiation at the TOA is obtained from the Diagnosing Earth's Energy Pathways in the Climate system (DEEP-C) reconstructed TOA radiative energy fluxes10http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~sgs02rpa/research/DEEP-C/GRL/.The DEEP-C reconstructed TOA radiative energy fluxes can be found at How to cite this article: Liu, W. et al. Reply to: \u2018Correspondence: Variations in ocean heat uptake during the surface warming hiatus'. Nat. Commun. 7:12542 doi: 10.1038/ncomms12542 (2016)."}
{"text": "In high-income countries, \u226530% of HIV-infected patients are \u226550 years (yrs) old (UNAIDS 2013). In two phases, three clinical trials (Studies 102 and 103) elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF  had non-inferior efficacy and favourable safety vs efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir DF  or ritonavir-boosted atazanavir (ATV+RTV)+FTC/TDF (TVD) in HIV-infected, treatment-na\u00efve subjects at Week 144. The efficacy and safety of STB in subjects < or \u226550 yrs is described.Post hoc analysis of efficacy, tolerability and safety in subjects < or \u226550 yrs at Week 144.Subjects \u226550 yrs in Study 102: STB: 14% (49/348), ATR: 16% (56/352); in Study 103: STB: 14% (48/353), ATV+RTV+TVD: 14% (48/355). Efficacy, safety and tolerability by age and study endpoint are shown in STB compared to ATR or ATV+RTV+TVD, is an efficacious, well-tolerated and safe regimen for HIV-1-infected, treatment-na\u00efve subjects<or\u226550 yrs of age."}
{"text": "Thunnus thynnus is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: Trophic Ecology of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) Larvae from the Gulf of Mexico and NW Mediterranean Spawning Grounds: A Comparative Stable Isotope Study. The correct citation is: Laiz-Carri\u00f3n R, Gerard T, Uriarte A, Malca E, Quintanilla JM, Muhling BA, et al. (2015) Trophic Ecology of Atlantic Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) Larvae from the Gulf of Mexico and NW Mediterranean Spawning Grounds: A Comparative Stable Isotope Study. PLoS ONE 10(7): e0133406. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0133406The species"}
{"text": "Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) data collected in HIV+ patients could be used as indicator of risky sexual behaviour possibly linked to HIV transmission. We described the STDs incidence over time and identified higher incidence factors.All patients in the ICONA Foundation Study enrolled after 1998 were included. STDs considered: any-stage syphilis, human papilloma virus (HPV) diseases, gonococcal and non-gonococcal urethritis, herpes simplex virus (HSV) genital ulcers, vaginitis and acute hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections (only for non-IVDU (intravenous drug user) patients). STDs incidence rate (IR): number of STDs divided by person years of follow-up (PYFU). Calendar periods: 1998\u20132002, 2003\u20132007 and 2008\u20132012. Predictors of STDs occurrence were identified using Poisson regression and sandwich estimates for the standard errors were used for multiple STD events.Data of 9,168 patients were analyzed (median age 37.3 (SD=9.3), 74% male, 30% MSM). Over 46,736 PYFU, 996 episodes of STDs were observed . Median (IQR) CD4/mmc and HIV-RNA/mL at STD: 433 (251\u2013600) and 10,900 . Highest crude IRs were observed for any-stage syphilis , HPV diseases  and acute hepatitis . At multivariable analysis  seems to reduce the risk of acquiring STDs independently of its viro-immunological effect."}
{"text": "Anti-TNF\u03b1 treatment has become an important part of our systemic treatment in chronic inflammatory arthritis. Local application to the joint produces transient clinical improvement since the drug quickly leaves the joint.We aimed to develop a sustained release system for an anti-TNF\u03b1 drug in treatment of chronic inflammatory arthritis. A novel form of intra-articularly injectable etanercept (ETN) loaded poly(\u03b5-caprolactone) (PCL) or methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(\u03b5-caprolactone)-methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG-PCL-MPEG) microspheres (patent pending) were prepared to provide long term controlled release of ETN with a sustained anti-inflammatory effect as a local treatment approach.Size, surface morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro release profiles of \u03b3-sterilized microspheres loaded with ETN were determined. Treatment efficacies of free and microsphere loaded ETN were evaluated by determining changes in cell number and viability of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), in protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines  and MMPs (MMP-3 and MMP-13) and in mRNA expressions of TNF\u03b1, IL-6, MMP-3 and MMP-13.Microspheres possessed a rough surface and had a mean particle size around 5 \u03bcm. MPEG-PCL-MPEG microspheres had higher drug encapsulation efficiency than PCL microspheres. Total amounts of biologically active ETN released from MPEG-PCL-MPEG microspheres were significantly higher than that from PCL microspheres at each time point during the four weeks study period. FLS viability significantly decreased in the free drug group at first week whereas no significant decrease was observed in microsphere groups. ETN loaded microspheres significantly decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF\u03b1, IL-6, IFN\u03b3, IL-17 and MMPs in FLSs. However, there were no significant variations in the gene expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMPs among groups.ETN loaded microspheres provide a sustained release, which resulted with a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines and MMPs levels. This study showed that MPEG-PCL-MPEG and PCL microspheres are promising and safe systems for an effective local treatment approach in chronic inflammatory arthritis.This study is a part of patent pending invention (PCT No: PCT/TR2012/000148).O. Erdemli Shareholder of: Patent Pending (PCT No: PCT/TR2012/000148), Grant/Research Support from: The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Grant no: 109S104), S. Ozen Shareholder of: Patent Pending (PCT No: PCT/TR2012/000148), C. Kocaefe Shareholder of: Patent Pending (PCT No: PCT/TR2012/000148), A. Usanmaz Shareholder of: Patent Pending (PCT No: PCT/TR2012/000148), E. Batu: None declared, B. Atilla Shareholder of: Patent Pending (PCT No: PCT/TR2012/000148), D. Keskin Shareholder of: Patent Pending (PCT No: PCT/TR2012/000148), A. Tezcaner Shareholder of: Patent Pending (PCT No: PCT/TR2012/000148)."}
{"text": "It is considered that the severity of septic CIPs is higher than the overall CIPs requiring ICU admission. Nevertheless, the impact of the OP over the severity of the SS perhaps has not been sufficiently analyzed and evaluated.To evaluate the impact of the OP in the evolution of the SS of the CIPs.\u00b7 Period: January 1-2011 / June 30-2014 (42 months)SETTING. Medical/Surgical ICU\u00b7 \u00b7 Population: 2559 CIPs admitted consecutively to the ICU; sample: 484 CIPs with SS.\u00b7 Study: prospective, analytical, longitudinal, and observational\u00b7 Exclusi\u00f3n criteria: CIPs < 16 y., major burn CIPs, incomplete clinical documentation, and voluntary discharge.\u00b7 Variables analyzed:a) Ageb) Hospital mortalityc) Case - mix: metabolic acidosis, total parenteral nutrition, intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), blood products, cultures, cardiac output, renal replacement therapy (RRT), advanced life support (ALS), FGC, FBC,e) Organ dysfunction: SOFA and LODSf) Limitation of life support (LLS).\u00b7 Statistical analysis: Ji squared and contrast of means (Student's t)\u00b7 Limitations of the study: absence of critically burned patients and pediatric CIPsGlobal CIPs: 2559; sepsis CIPs: 484; non sepsis CIPs: 2075SOFA: Global (2.70), septic CIPs , non-septic CIPs LODS: Global (1.37), septic CIPs , non-septic CIPs See Tables 1) The OP conditions not age or mortality of CIPs with SS.2) Metabolic acidosis and the need of TPN, IAP and blood products are higher in the SS with OP.3) Cultures, RRT, ALS, FGC, and FBC are applied equally in both groups.4) The LLS is applied more in the SS with OP."}
{"text": "Coccinellids are important natural enemies of aphids, scale insects, mealybugs, whiteflies, jassids and mites. They are being augmented or conserved for population reduction of different agricultural crop pests in the concept of Integrated Pest Management throughout the world. The genera and species in the tribe Scymnini known from Pakistan are revised and redescribed. Two genera including two subgenera and six species among which three species are newly reported, is therefore, a new addition to Coccinellid fauna of Pakistan. Keys to all taxa, descriptions of the higher taxa, species diagnoses, synonymies, and distribution records are included. Members of the Scymnini are predaceous, feeding on homopterous insects ; therefore, they are of interest to biological control. The tribe Scymnini composed of several genera and subgenera and is found throughout the world. The classification has always lagged behind that of other groups of Coccinellidae because the species are small, and accurate species identification usually depends on examination of male .Nephus reguralis Sicard, Pseudoscymnus murreensis Ahmad, Pseudoscymnussimmondsi Ahmad, Scymnus (Pullus) coccivora Ayyar, S. (Neopullus) fuscatus Boh and S. (Scymnus) nubilus, were recorded from Pakistan and Indian subregions , Scymnus coccivora (Ayyar), Scymnus sp., Nephus sp., Cheilomenes sexmaculatus (F.), Coccinella septempunctata (L), Hyperaspis sp., Adonia sp., and Exochomus sp.  str. or complete (subgenus Pullus).Male genitalia: Median lobe symmetrical or asymmetrical, mostly shorter than paramere; siphon with siphonal capsule not complete hammer shaped, with adjacent arm shorter than opposite arm; trabes curved, mostly broader apically.Female genitalia: Spermatheca hook shaped, elongated, basally rounded with very small accessory gland with short narrow duct.Type species:S.nigrinus (nigrinus .1.Scymnus (Scymnus).Antennae 10 segmented; postcoxal line incomplete, curved forward apically; male 5th and 6th abdominal sterna truncate or emarginate apically \u2013Scymnus (Pullus).Antennae 11-segmented; postcoxal line complete, recurved apically, reaching base of first abdominal sternum; 5th and 6th abdominal sterna moderately to strongly emarginate and impressed posteriorly Scymnus (Scymnus) KugelannSubgenus Head: Antenna 10 or 11 segmented.Thorax: Prosternum with two strong carinae.Abdomen: Postcoxal line incomplete, curved forward apically; male 5th and 6th abdominal sterna truncate or emarginate apically.Scymnus (Pullus) MulsantSubgenus Head: Antennae 11 segmented.Thorax: Prosternum with distinct carinae.Abdomen: Postcoxal line complete, recurved apically, reaching base of first abdominal sternum; 5th and 6th abdominal sterna moderately to strongly emarginate and impressed posteriorly.Scymnus (Scymnus) nubilus MulsantScymnus nubilus (. nubilus : 359.Scymnus (Scymnus) nubilus: Korschefsky , whereas the later one belongs to the subgenus Scymnus (Neopullus).Distribution: India; Bangladesh; Sri Lanka; Nepal; Myanmar; China; Japan; Micronesia; Portugal; La Reunion; Africa Region; Pakistan: Sindh: Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkar, Tandojam, Larkana, Mirpur Khas; Punjab: Lahore, Jhang, Faisalabad; Baluchistan: Quetta; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Peshawar.1.2.Body large; with spots or patches; siphon with siphonal capsule slightly to deeply screw driver shaped \u2013Body small; without patches or spots; siphon hammer shapedScymnus (Pullus) castaneus Sicard.2.3.Sipho posteriorly pointed; basal lobe thick, compressed, posteriorly pointed; genital plate long triangular; lateral plate large \u2013Sipho posteriorly bifurcated; basal lobe expanded posteriorly with a deep cutting laterally on each side; genital plate short, triangular; lateral plate small Scymnus (Pullus) quadrillum Motschulsky.3.Scymnus (Pullus) syriacus.Body brownish-black; each elytron with one black spot attached with one patch on each lateral side; sipho terminally with a pointed hook; trabes terminally fin-shaped \u2013Body brownish-yellow; each elytron with a glass shaped patch in basal half, two small spots on posterior half; siphon terminally straight; trabes terminally spoon shaped Scymnus (Pullus) coccivora Ayyar.Scymnus (Pullus) qaudrillum MotschulskyScymnus quadrillum  coccivora AyyarScymnus coccivora (occivora : 491.Scymnus (Pullus) coccivora (occivora : 142.Pullus coccidivora (cidivora : 165.Scymnus (Pullus) elegans ( elegans : 142 (caScymnus (Pullus) elegans var. clathratus , Murre; Baluchistan: Quetta; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Peshawar, Swat; Kashmir.Scymnus (Pullus) castaneus SicardScymnus (Pullus) castaneus (astaneus : 180.Scymnus (Pullus) castaneus ; Baluchistan: Quetta; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Peshawar.Remarks: This species is also newly recorded from Pakistan.Scymnus (Pullus) syriacus (Marsuel 1868)Coloration: Body reddish brown, pubescent, head, mouth parts, ventral side all black, each elytron with a large longitudinal black spot attached with one small brownish patch on each side.Size and general shape: Adult length 2\u20132.3\u2009mm; width 1\u20131.2\u2009mm; rounded-oval, convex.Head: Labrum with anterior margin slightly notched; ligula with straight margin; terminal segment of labial palp small pointed and converged.Thorax: Anterolateral margin of pronotum without hairs; prosternal process with well-developed carinae, narrow anteriorly, reaching the anterior margin; scuto-scutellar suture curved posteriorly; tibia with dorsal margin distally bearing long hairs.Abdomen: Second to fourth segments equal in size except the terminal segment; postcoxal line complete, strongly v-shaped; postcoxal process with anterior margin broader, straight; terminal sternite bearing long setae medially while short setae laterally in male.Male genitalia: Sipho narrow, distally flat, pointed, siphonal capsule with opposite arm long, curved while adjacent arm short, pointed; basal piece triangular, broader than long; median lobe thick, slightly longer than paramere; paramere narrow proximally, expanded distally; trabes curved, expanded medially, terminal end bearing fin shaped process.Female genitalia: Genital plate long, broader; lateral plate triangular, deeply curved inside; 10th tergite broader medially, narrow laterally; spermatheca with base rounded-oval, cornu long, narrow deeply curved.Distribution: Iran; Afghanistan; Egypt; Pakistan.Remarks: It is newly recorded from Sindh Province of Pakistan.Nephus MulsantGenus Scymnus (Nephus) ((Nephus) : 237.Nephus  binaevatus Mulsant, by subsequent designation of Type species: Nephus (Bipunctatus) (nctatus) : 66.Scymnus bipunctatusType species: Nephus (Geminosipho) (nosipho) : 68.Nephus bielawskii F\u00fcrsch 1965.Type species: Nephus (Parascymnus); Parascymnus Chapin, 1965b downgraded).Parascymnus palauensis Chapin, by original designation.Type species: Aponephus Booth\u2021Aponephus lentiformis by original designation. Syn. nov.Type species: Coloration: Dorsal surface pubescent, brownish black, sometime with spots.Size and general shape: Adult length 1.6\u20131.8\u2009mm; width 1.2\u20131.4\u2009mm oval, moderately convex.Head: Clypeus with anterior margin slightly truncate, emarginations with minute setae; antenna pseudo-11 segmented or 10 or 11 segmented, first and second segments completely tightly jointed together, basal segment moderately stout, curved, second segment separated from first by a false suture, not always visible, half as long as broad but equal in width to basal, third segment a little longer than broad, fourth, fifth, and sixth segments of same width, the fifth slightly shorter than fourth or sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth segments progressively slightly longer and wider, 10th segment slightly longer than broad but nearly quadrate, 11th segment half as long as 10th, almost hemispherical; maxillary palpus with apical segment cylindrical, apex obliquely truncate.Thorax: Pronotum with posterior margin medially deeply emarginated; prosternum slightly produced anteriorly; prosternal process with carinae; elytral epipleura weakly narrow distally; tarsi three segmented; tibial spurs absent; claw with acute basal tooth.Abdomen: Abdomen with six visible segments; postcoxal line incomplete.Male genitalia: Median lobe symmetrical distinctly narrow, shorter than paramere; sipho with siphonal capsule hammer shaped but opposite arm distinctly broader; trabes slightly expanded apically.Female genitalia: Spermatheca weakly hook shaped, deeply elongated with cornu and basal part distinctly separated with very small accessory gland with very short duct.N. regularis (Sicard)Scymnus (Nephus) regularis (N. regularis: (gularis: : 133.Scymnus (Nephus) regularis ; trabes narrow proximally, medially expanded and terminally upwarded and saw like.Female genitalia: Genital plates elongated and trigonal shape; lateral plates small and also trigonal; basal portion of spermatheca elongated and oval, cornu sclerotized.Material examined: Fifteen males and 33 females, Pakistan; Sindh: Tandojam, Sukkar, Mirpur Khas, Hyderabad, Karachi, Punjab: Jhang, Lyalpur, 13April 2009; 22 March 2008 on brinjal, okra, cotton, leg., Khan, M. I. and Ali, M., lodged at Natural History Museum, Department of Zoology, University of Karachi.Comparative note: This species resembles with tagiapatus in external appearance including the triangular brownish spot at elytral basal margins. The main difference is that in reguralis this spot is small only limited to the anterior basal part of elytra, but in tagiapatus, it is extended to the second and third parts along the medial junction as well as along lateral margins reaching to the middle of elytra.Distribution: China; India; Pakistan: Sindh: Karachi, Hyderabad, Tandojam, Sukkar, Mirpur Khas; Punjab: Lahore, Faisalabad ; Baluchistan: Quetta; Khyber Pakhtunkhwa: Peshawar.Scymnus was more difficult and for the first time proved to be final valid criteria for the identification at species level for any type of insect  coccivora Ayyar, S. (Neopullus) fuscatus Boheman, and S. (Scymnus) nubilus from Pakistan  nubilus Mulsant, Scymnus (Pullus) coccivora Ayyar, N. regularis (Sicard) also in the Sindh Province of Pakistan, but this investigation is unique than the other findings, because it presents few new records such as Scymnus (Pullus) syriacus Marsuel, Scymnus (Pullus) castaneus Sicard, and Scymnus (Pullus) quadrillum Motschulsky.The works related to systematic, morphology, and distribution (Ahmad 1966,"}
{"text": "Patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) display impaired social interactions, implicated in the development and prognosis of the disorder. Importantly, social behavior is modulated by reward-based processes, and dysfunctional at-brain-level reward responses have been involved in AN neurobiological models. However, no prior evidence exists of whether these neural alterations would be equally present in social contexts. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional social-judgment functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study of 20 restrictive-subtype AN patients and 20 matched healthy controls. Brain activity during acceptance and rejection was investigated and correlated with severity measures (Eating Disorder Inventory -EDI-2) and with personality traits of interest known to modulate social behavior (The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire). Patients showed hypoactivation of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC) during social acceptance and hyperactivation of visual areas during social rejection. Ventral striatum activation during rejection was positively correlated in patients with clinical severity scores. During acceptance, activation of the frontal opercula-anterior insula and dorsomedial/dorsolateral prefrontal cortices was differentially associated with reward sensitivity between groups. These results suggest an abnormal motivational drive for social stimuli, and involve overlapping social cognition and reward systems leading to a disruption of adaptive responses in the processing of social reward. The specific association of reward-related regions with clinical and psychometric measures suggests the putative involvement of reward structures in the maintenance of pathological behaviors in AN. Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe and disabling psychiatric disorder. With limited evidence-based treatments available, at least 25% of patients show poor clinical outcome and high levels of functional and social impairment \u20135. TheseReward-based processes have been highlighted as powerful and natural modulators of social interactions ,13. Indecontamination reward theory  Main task comparisons: Acceptance: vmPFC: 68voxels, Z = 3.01, PFWE-equivalent = .04; Rejection: visual cortex (paraestriate BA18): 31voxels, Z = 2.90, PFWE-equivalent = .05. [B] Correlations: Acceptance-sensitivity to reward interaction: dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: 61voxels, Z = 3.17, PFWE-equivalent = .04; DMPFc: 5 voxels, Z = 2.92, PFWE-equivalent>.05; right frontal opercula-insula: 9 voxels, Z = 2.69, PFWE-equivalent>.05; left frontal opercula-insula: 1 voxel, Z = 2.59, PFWE-equivalent>.05. Rejection-severity correlation: DMPFc: 82 voxels, Z = 3.30, PFWE-equivalent = .01; anterior caudate : 7voxels, Z = 2.69, PFWE-equivalent = .05; visual cortex (BA17): 10voxels, Z = 2.87, PFWE-equivalent = .05)  were not present even when lowering the voxel threshold to .01). PFWE-equivalent indicates the Alphasim cluster-based corrected significance, with a minimum threshold of p>.005 uncorrected at the voxel-level.(DOC)Click here for additional data file.S1 TableFootnote: *Recall of rejection>recall of acceptance>recall of no feedback, all p <.001. \u2021 Scores to faces giving rejection> scores to faces giving acceptance; Scores to faces giving rejection> scores to faces giving no feedback, both for pre and post scores and all p <.001. \u2020 Accepted>no feedback given>rejected, all p <.001.(DOC)Click here for additional data file.S2 Table(DOC)Click here for additional data file.S3 Table(DOC)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Qiuyu Martin Zhu. The correct citation is: Zhu QM, Yamakuchi M, Lowenstein CJ (2015) SNAP23 Regulates Endothelial Exocytosis of von Willebrand Factor. PLoS ONE 10(8): e0118737. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Kuang Fei Lin. The correct citation is: Lu Q, Luo QS, Li H, Liu YD, Gu JD, Lin KF (2015) Characterization of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons and Environmental Variables in a Shallow Groundwater in Shanghai Using Kriging Interpolation and Multifactorial Analysis. PLoS ONE 10(11): e0142241. doi:"}
{"text": "Maize is a major economic crop worldwide, with substantial crop loss attributed to flooding. During a stress response, programmed cell death (PCD) can be an effective way for plants better adapt. To identify flooding stress related PCD proteins in maize leaves, proteomic analysis was performed using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry.2O2 content noted in vivo. Furthermore, DNA ladder detection indicated that PCD had occurred under flooding treatment. The maize leaf proteome was analyzed via 2D-DIGE gel, with a total of 32 differentially expressed spots isolated, 31 spots were successfully identified via MALDI-TOF/TOF MS which represent 28 proteins. The identified proteins were related to energy metabolism and photosynthesis, PCD, phytohormones and polyamines. To better characterize the role of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) in PCD during a stress response, mRNA expression was examined in different plants by stress-induced PCD. These included heat stress induced rice protoplasts, Tobacco Mosaic Virus infected tobacco leaves and dark induced rice and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, all of which showed active PCD, and TCTP expression was increased in different degrees. Moreover, S-adenosylmethionine synthase 2 (SAMS2) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) mRNA expression were also increased, but ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) mRNA expression were not found in maize leaves following flooding. Lastly, ethylene and polyamine concentrations were increased in response to flooding treatment in maize leaves.Comparative proteomics was combined with physiological and biochemical analysis of maize leaves under flooding stress. Fv/Fm, qP, qN and relative water content (RWC) were found to be altered in response to flooding stress, with an increase in H2O2 in TCTP induction under flooding stress. Additionally, increased SAMS2 expression was closely associated with an increased polyamine synthesis during flooding treatment.Following flooding stress, the photosynthetic systems were damaged, resulting in a disruption in energy metabolism, with the noted photosynthetic decline also possibly attributed to ROS production. The observed PCD could be regulated by TCTP with a possible role for H Programmed cell death genetically controls the rate of cell division and death to strictly regulate cell numbers in both animals and plants, thus ensuring that cells that are no longer needed can activate their own demise . StudiesFlooding, a major abiotic stress, poses as a major constraint affecting crop growth, production and productivity in many agricultural regions worldwide . The soi2+, an establishment of ionic homeostasis and root tip death may be essential adaptive changes enabling flood tolerance in maize -1-propanesulfonate; DAB: 3,3-diaminobenzidine; DMF: Dimethylformamide; DREPP 4: Developmentally regulated response 4; DTT: Dithiothreitol; ET: Ethylene; GA: Gibberellin acid; GARE: Gibberellin response element; GC: Gas chromatograph; HR: Hypersensitivity; HrBP1: Harpin binding protein 1; IAA: Indole acetic acid; LSD: Least significant difference; MALDI: Matrix-asscisted laser desorption/ionization; OEE1: Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1; PCD: Programmed cell death; PMF: Fingerprinting; PMSF: Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; PPV: Plum pox virus; PSII: Photosystem II; PVPP: Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone; PUT: Putrescine; qRT-PCR: Quantitive real-time PCR; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; RWC: Relative water content; SAM: S-adenosyl-L-methionine; SAMDC: S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; SAMS2: S-adenosylmethionine synthase 2; SPD: Spermidine; SPM: Spermine; TCA: Trichloroacetic acid; TCTP: Translationally-controlled tumor protein; TFA: Trifluoroacetic acid; TOF: Time-of-flight; UPLC: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.CY carried out all experiments in addition to the detection of DNA ladder. WHJ carried out the detection of DNA ladder. CX, BYQ, ZW conceived designed and coordinated this study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."}
{"text": "Oryza sativa L.). The correct citation is: Zhou Y, Dong G, Tao Y, Chen C, Yang B, Wu Y, et al. (2016) Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Root Traits Using High Throughput Genotyped Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines Derived from 9311 and Nipponbare in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS ONE 11(3): e0151796. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151796.There are errors in the title. The correct title is: Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Root Traits Using High Throughput Genotyped Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines Derived from 9311 and Nipponbare in Rice (In"}
{"text": "H and VL from one monoclonal antibody (mAb), coupled to a transmembrane domain and one or more cytoplasmic signaling domains. Previous studies showed that treatment of an experimental AML model with CD123-specific CAR T cells was therapeutic, but at the cost of impaired myelopoiesis, highlighting the need for systems to define the antigen threshold for CAR recognition. Here, we show that CARs can be engineered using VH and VL chains derived from different CD123-specific mAbs to generate a panel of CAR+ T cells. While all CARs exhibited specificity to CD123, one VH and VL combination had reduced lysis of normal hematopoietic stem cells. This CAR\u2019s in vivo anti-tumor activity was similar whether signaling occurred via chimeric CD28 or CD137, prolonging survival in both AML and ALL models. Co-expression of inducible caspase 9 eliminated CAR+ T cells. These data help support the use of CD123-specific CARs for treatment of CD123+ hematologic malignancies.Adoptive immunotherapy infusing T cells with engineered specificity for CD19 expressed on B- cell malignancies is generating enthusiasm to extend this approach to other hematological malignancies, such as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). CD123, or interleukin 3 receptor alpha, is overexpressed on most AML and some lymphoid malignancies, such as acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and has been an effective target for T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). The prototypical CAR encodes a V H and VL domains (scFv) of a mAb, coupled with a transmembrane domain and the CD3\u03b6chain. Second generation CARs include the signaling domain of either CD28 . IL-15 is fused with full-length IL-15R\u03b1. hEF-1alpha/p: human elongation factor-1 alpha promoter, TM: transmembrane domain, BGH: polyadenylation signal from bovine growth hormone, IR/DR: Sleeping beauty Inverted Repeats/Direct Repeats, ColE1: E. coli origin of replication, Kan/R: gene encoding kanamycin resistance for bacterial selection, Kan/p: prokaryotic promoter.(A) (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S3 FigSleeping beauty Inverted Repeats/Direct Repeats, BGH polyA: Bovine growth hormone polyadenylation sequence, ColE1: A minimal E.coli origin of replication, Kan/R: Bacterial selection gene encoding kanamycin resistance, Kan/p: Prokaryotic promoter.IR/DR: (TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S4 FigSleeping beauty Inverted Repeats/Direct Repeats, MNDU3/P: modified myeloproliferative sarcoma virus long terminal repeat enhancer\u2013promoter, CD123: Human codon-optimized CD123 antigen fused to a hygromycin resistance gene through FLAG and a furin/F2A peptide linker. TK: codon-optimized thymidine kinase gene, BGH polyA: Bovine growth hormone polyadenylation sequence, ColE1: A minimal E.coli origin of replication, Kan/R: Bacterial selection gene encoding kanamycin resistance, Kan/p: Prokaryotic promoter.IR/DR: (TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S5 Fig(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S6 FigThe GM-CSF-dependent erythrocytic leukemia cell line TF1 was genetically modified with lentiviral particles to express the mKate fluorescent protein and enhanced firefly luciferase (effluc). Flux intensity was measured using a firefly luciferase assay (**** p < 0.00001 by unpaired t-test).(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S7 Figneg control cells (**** p < 0.00001 by unpaired t-test).Luciferase activity in the B-ALL cell line RCH-ACV transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing firefly luciferase, compared with effluc(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S8 FigFig 1). IR/DR: Sleeping Beauty Inverted Repeat/Direct repeats, ColE1: A minimal E.coli origin of replication, Kan/R: Bacterial selection gene encoding kanamycin resistance, Kan/p: Prokaryotic promoter. hEF-1alpha/p: human Elongation Factor-1 alpha region promoterThis is the same scFv as CAR10 ((TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S9 Fig(TIFF)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1183310.1038/srep11833; published online: 07012015; updated: 09182015This Article contains an error in the affiliation of Jinyun Yang. The correct affiliation is listed below:Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaian No. 2 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China"}
{"text": "Critical Care provide convincing evidence that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), an established key biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the critically ill, can be effectively removed by renal replacement therapy (RRT) [The recently published data of Donadio in py (RRT) . His finpy (RRT)  and corrpy (RRT) . NGAL ispy (RRT) . Donadiopy (RRT) . Moreovepy (RRT) . This copy (RRT) . In contpy (RRT) . As thisTaken together, the recent work  and comm"}
{"text": "AbstractUloma Dejean, 1821, Ulomafengyangensissp. n. and Ulomaacrodontasp. n., are described and figured from Zhejiang Province of China. Ulomabonzica Marseul, 1876 is recorded from China for the first time. A key to the known Uloma species from Zhejiang of China and a list of Uloma species from China are provided.Two new species of the genus  Uloma was established by Ulomaculinaris  from Germany. Uloma includes more than 200 described species that are widely distributed in nearly all zoogeographical regions of the Old and New World and is particularly speciose in the tropics .Holotype, \u2642 (MHBU), labelled \u201c25 July 2007; China, Zhejiang, Longquan County, Mt. Fengyangshan; H. Y. Liu and Z. H. Gao lgt.; the Museum of Hebei University\u201d ; \u201cHolotype; The new species is characterized by the following: mentum broadly cordate, with several short medial hairs and a pair of semi-circular hairy patches on near lateral margins; antennomere 5\u201310 sublinearly truncate, with one long groove on each inner side; pronotum with a pair of low protuberances on lateral margins and posterior margin of anterior impression respectively; metatarsomere 1 significantly longer than 4; apicale of aedeagus with a shallow depression on centre at basel 1/3, parallel\u2013sided at apical 2/3 in dorsal view.Head transverse, with small punctures in apical half, and with sparse large punctures in basal half. Labrum trapezoidal, sparsely punctate, scattered with long and yellow hairs. Clypeus densely and distinctly punctate, anterior margin weakly emarginate, slightly elevated with two small ridges. Frontoclypeal suture deeply impressed. Genae slightly convex and extended, temples reduced. Eyes transverse, with at least 3\u20134 facets at narrowest point in lateral view; distance between eyes approximately 2.7 times longer than their diameter. Frons weakly convex but depressed on centre, with large punctures. Mentum  male mentum broadly cordate, slightly concave with several short medial hairs, with a pair of semi-circular hairy patches on near lateral margins in the new species ; (2) male antennomere 5\u201310 sublinearly truncate, with one long groove on each inner side in the new species (5\u20139 sublinearly truncate with one long groove in Ulomareticulata); (3) male pronotum PageBreakwith a pair of low protuberances on lateral margins and posterior margin of anterior impression respectively, anterior angles subrectangular in the new species (anterior impression of pronotum without protuberance in Ulomareticulata); (4) male metatarsomere 1 significantly longer than 4 in the new species ; (5) apicale of aedeagus gradually narrowing with a shallow depression on centre at basel 1/3, parallel\u2013sided at apical 2/3 in dorsal view in the new species .The new species is similar to Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraTenebrionidaehttp://zoobank.org/BA19A5DB-F014-4EAF-A958-33C507E5491AUlomaacrodonta sp. n. Liu & Ren det. 2015\u201d , and all of them are deposited in MHBU.Holotype, \u2642, labelled \u201c19 July 2012; China, Zhejiang, Longquan County, Mt. Fengyangshan; X. Wang and J. Jiao lgt.; the Museum of Hebei University\u201d . Paratypes, 1\u26421\u2640, labelled as holotype. All types have additional label \u201cHolotype , The new species is characterized by the following: clypeus slightly elevated with two small ridges; antennomeres 5 and 7 obviously sharply protruding at inner border; pronotum with a small and shallow anterior impression; protibia broader, with 8\u20139 sharp large denticulations at apical 2/3 of outer edge; last ventrite with a shallow impression.Head nearly hexagonal, with dense small punctures in apical half, and with dense large punctures in basal half. Labrum trapezoidal, sparsely punctate, scattered with long yellow hairs. Clypeus densely and finely punctate, anterior margin weakly emarginate, slightly elevated with two small ridges. Frontoclypeal suture deeply impressed. Genae slightly convex and extended, temples reduced. Eyes transverse, with at least 2\u20133 facets at narrowest point in lateral view; distance between eyes approximately 3.5 times longer than their diameter. Frons convex but slightly depressed on centre, with large coarse punctures. Mentum  male clypeus slightly elevated with two small ridges in the new species (without ridge in Ulomaquadratithoraca); (2) male antennae long, reaching to the middle of pronotum, antennomeres 5 and 7 obviously sharply protruding at inner border in the new species (5 and 7 not protruding in Ulomaquadratithoraca); (3) male pronotum with a small and shallow anterior impression in the new species (without anterior impression in Ulomaquadratithoraca); (4) male protibia distinctly broader, with 8\u20139 sharp large denticuPageBreaklations at apical 2/3 of outer edge in the new species ; (5) male last ventrite with a shallow impression in the new species (without impression in Ulomaquadratithoraca).The new species is most similar to Ulomaintriconicula Liu, Ren & Wang, 2007, Ulomametogana Ren & Yin, 2004, Ulomatakagii Masumoto & Nishikawa, 1986, Ulomarubripesrubripes  and Ulomarubripesminor Gebien, 1914) are known to occur in China and its surrounding areas with antennomere 5 and 7 obviously sharply protruding at inner border. The new species is easily distinguished from them based on shape differences in the male pronotum, pronotal anterior impression, protibia, metatibia, ridges of clypeus, and whether or not the pronotal anterior impression exists in female.Moreover, five additional species , Nzgzzalli. Others: 1\u26421\u2640 (MHBU), China, Zhejiang, Longquan County, Mt. Fengyangshan, 25 July 2007, H. Y. Liu and Z. H. Gao lgt.; 2\u2642\u26421\u2640 (NMNS), Fujitani Iga-Ueno, Mie, 3 November 1984, K. Ishida lgt.Protibia with two unequal apical spurs, inner edge nearly straight at base, distinctly protruding to inner apex; outer edge with 7\u20138 sharp denticulations at apical 2/3; dorsal surface with large, dense and confluent punctures. Female  less than that of the specimens from Japan (ca. 2.8). However, we think these two characters as intraspecific differences.The Chinese specimens almost conform to the original description by China: Zhejiang (new record); Japan ; Korea .PageBreakUlomaacrodonta sp. n.(1) China: Zhejiang.Ulomabonzica Marseul, 1876(2) China: Zhejiang (new record). Korea ; Japan .Ulomacastanea Ren & Liu, 2004(3) China: Yunnan ; GuangxiPageBreakUlomacompressa Liu & Ren, 2008(4) China: Yunnan ; Hunan, Ulomacontortimargina Liu & Ren, 2007(5) China: Hunan, Yunnan, Guizhou ; GuangxiUlomacontracta Fairmaire, 1882(6) China: Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan . MalaysiUlomaexcisaexcisa Gebien, 1914(7) China: Zhejiang ; GuangxiUlomafengyangensis sp. n.(8) China: Zhejiang.Ulomaformosana Kaszab, 1941(9) China: Taiwan .Ulomafukiensis Kaszab, 1954(10) China: Zhejiang ; Fujian Ulomagongshanica Ren & Liu, 2004(11) China: Yunnan ; Hubei, Ulomahirticornis Kaszab, 1980(12) China: Yunnan . VietnamUlomaintegrimargina Liu & Ren, 2007(13) China: Guangxi .PageBreakUlomaintricornicula Liu, Ren & Wang, 2007(14) China: Guangxi ; Fujian Ulomakondoi Nakane, 1968(15) China: Fujian . Japan .Ulomaliangi Ren & Liu, 2004(16) China: Yunnan ; Anhui, Ulomalongolineata Liu & Ren, 2007(17) China: Guangxi .Ulomameifengensis Masumoto, 1982(18) China: Taiwan .Ulomametogana Ren & Yin, 2004(19) China: Tibet ; Yunnan Ulomaminuta Liu, Ren & Wang, 2007(20) China: Henan, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong ; GuangxiUlomamiyakei Masumoto & Nishikawa, 1986(21) China: Taiwan .Ulomamulidenta Ren & Liu, 2004(22) China: Yunnan ; ChongqiUlomanakanei Masumoto & Nishikawa, 1986(23) China: Taiwan .Ulomananshanchica Masumoto & Nishikawa, 1986(24) China: Taiwan .Ulomanomurai Masumoto, 1982(25) China: Taiwan .Ulomapolita (26) China: Zhejiang ; GuangxiUlomaquadratithoraca Liu & Ren, 2008(27) China: Hunan .Ulomareitteri Kaszab, 1941(28) China: Sichuan .Ulomareticulata Liu, Ren & Wang, 2007(29) China: Fujian .Ulomarubripesrubripes (30) China: Taiwan . India ; Nepal ; Bhutan Ulomasauteri Kaszab, 1941(31) China: Taiwan .Ulomasplendida Ren & Liu, 2004(32) China: Yunnan ; GuizhouUlomatakagii Masumoto & Nishikawa, 1986(33) China: Taiwan .PageBreakUlomatsugeae Masumoto, 1982(34) China: Taiwan .Ulomavalgipes Liu & Ren, 2013(35) China: Yunnan .Ulomaversicolor Ren & Liu, 2004(36) China: Yunnan ; GuizhouUlomazhengi Liu & Ren, 2007(37) China: Guangxi .Ulomaacrodonta sp. n. during the visit of Shanshan Liu in Staatliches Museum f\u00fcr Naturkunde. Thanks are due to Dr. Zhao Pan of Hebei University  for valuable advice. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31402003), the Science and Technology Programs for University by the Hebei Educational Committee (QN20131042) and the Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei, China (14967611D).We are grateful to Dr. Kimio Masumoto , Dr. Sh\u00fbhei Nomura of the National Museum of Nature and Science  and Dr. Antoine Mantilleri of Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle  for the permission to examine specimens. In addition, we would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Wolfgang Schawaller  for the advice about the identification of"}
{"text": "The word \u201cin\u201d is missing in the article title and should appear after the word \u201cinjury.\u201d The correct title is: Status Epilepticus after Prolonged Umbilical Cord Occlusion Is Associated with Greater Neural Injury in Fetal Sheep at Term-Equivalent.The correct citation is: Drury PP, Davidson JO, van den Heuij LG, Wassink G, Gunn ER, et al. (2014) Status Epilepticus after Prolonged Umbilical Cord Occlusion Is Associated with Greater Neural Injury in Fetal Sheep at Term-Equivalent. PLoS ONE 9(5): e96530. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096530"}
{"text": "Nature Communications7: Article number: 10532 10.1038/ncomms10532 (2016); Published: 04202016; Updated: 04202016The affiliation details for Paula R. Kuser-Falc\u00e3o are incorrect in this Article. The correct affiliation details for this author are given below:Embrapa Agriculture Informatics, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil."}
{"text": "Nature Communications7:10804 Article number 1080410.1038/ncomms10804 (2016); Published 02232016; Updated 03182016The financial support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have included the following:The authors gratefully acknowledge research support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231."}
{"text": "A small percentage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques control virus replication without antiretroviral treatment. The major determinant of this control is host expression of certain major histocompatibility complex alleles. However, this association is incompletely penetrant, suggesting that additional loci modify the major histocompatibility complex\u2019s protective effect. Here, to identify candidate control-modifying loci, we sequence the genomes of 12 SIV-infected Mauritian cynomolgus macaques that experienced divergent viral load set points despite sharing the protective M1 major histocompatibility complex haplotype.gzmb in modifying SIV control by prospectively challenging M1(+) granzyme B-defined macaques.Our genome-wide analysis of haplotype-level variation identifies seven candidate control-modifying loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 14. The highest variant density marks the candidate on chromosome 7, which is the only control-modifying locus to comprise genes with known immunological function. Upon closer inspection, we found an allele for one of these genes, granzyme B, to be enriched in M1(+) controllers. Given its established role as a cytotoxic effector molecule that participates in CD8-mediated killing of virus-infected cells, we test the role of variation within Our study establishes a framework for using whole genome sequencing to identify haplotypes that may contribute to complex clinical phenotypes. Further investigation into the immunogenetics underlying spontaneous HIV control may contribute to the rational design of a vaccine that prevents acquired immune deficiency syndrome.The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0478-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. The majority of HIV-infected individuals experience progressive infection, characterized by ongoing virus replication, CD4(+) cell depletion, and eventually acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, a rare group of infected individuals spontaneously suppress virus replication to low or undetectable levels during chronic infection ,2. Althoin vitro peptide stimulation , Mafa-GzmB:01:01:02 [GenBank: KM281207], Mafa-GzmB:02:01:01 [GenBank: KM281204], Mafa-GzmB:02:01:02 [GenBank: KM281205], Mafa-GzmB:02:01:03 [GenBank: KM281206], and Mafa-GzmB:02:01:04 [GenBank: KM281208].Whole genome alignments to rheMac2 for all 18 retrospective cohort animals were deposited into the NCBI SRA as BAM files, and are accessible through BioProject [BioProject: PRJNA257343] or through SRA [SRA: SRP045278]. The six granzyme B alleles identified in this study have been deposited to GenBank and can be accessed through their corresponding accession numbers, as follows:"}
{"text": "The fifth author\u2019s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Kim-Anh Do. The correct citation is: Shirazi F, Farmakiotis D, Yan Y, Albert N, Do KA, et al. (2014) Diet Modification and Metformin Have a Beneficial Effect in a Fly Model of Obesity and Mucormycosis. PLoS ONE 9(9): e108635. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108635Drosophila flies infected with R. oryzae.\u201d The complete, correct Figure 6 legend is: \u201cFlies fed RF or given metformin, particularly those continuously kept on metformin (HFD(MET)-HFD(MET)) had a lower fungal burden than infected flies fed HFD without metformin.\u201dThere are errors in the legend for Figure 6, \u201cRepresentative hematoxylin-eosin (upper panels)- and Grocott-Gomori methenamine-silver nitrate (lower panels)-stained cross-sections of There is an error in the third sentence of the Abstract. The correct sentence is: \u201cSurvival rates, glucose and triglyceride levels were compared between 1) normal-weight flies (RF), 2) obese flies (HFD), 3) obese flies fed with RF, 4) flies continuously fed on HFD + metformin, 5) flies fed on HFD + metformin, then transferred to RF, and 6) obese flies administered metformin after infection.\u201d"}
{"text": "During 2009\u20132010, 45% of adults aged 45\u201364 years had moderate or severe periodontitis. In that age group, the prevalence of moderate or severe periodontitis was significantly higher for Hispanic and non-Hispanic black adults  compared with non-Hispanic white adults (39%). Among adults aged 65\u201374 years, 58% had moderate or severe periodontitis. Hispanics had a higher prevalence of periodontitis (74%) compared with non-Hispanic whites (53%).Source: Eke PI, Dye BA, Wei L, Thornton-Evans GO, Genco RJ. Prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: 2009 and 2010. J Dent Res 2012;91:914\u201320."}
{"text": "AbstractLimnocharisflava with 2n = 20, Sagittariatrifolia with 2n = 22 (Alismataceae), and Potamogetondistinctus \u00d7 Potamogetonnodosus with 2n = 52 (Potamogetonaceae); the third one is new to science. A brief review of cytological researches in the floristic regions' 45 non-hybrid aquatic monocots plus well investigated two inter-specific hybrids that are recorded in Myanmar is given, indicating that the further works with a focus on species in Myanmar that has infra-specific chromosome variation in the floristic regions will address the precise evolutionary history of the aquatic flora of Myanmar.Myanmar (Burma) constitutes a significant component of the Indo-Myanmar biodiversity hotspot, with elements of the Indian, the Indochina, and the Sino-Japanese floristic regions, yet thus far only a few reliable sources of the country's flora have been available. As a part of a contribution for the floristic inventory of Myanmar, since it is important in a floristic survey to obtain as much information as possible, in addition to previous two reports, here we present three more chromosome counts in the aquatic monocots of Myanmar:  With its wealth of plant diversity, Myanmar (Burma) constitutes a significant component of the Indo-Myanmar biodiversity hotspot with elements of the India, the Indochina, and the Sino-Japanese floristic regions , Sagittariatrifolia (Alismataceae), and Potamogetondistinctus \u00d7 Potamogetonnodosus (Potamogetonaceae). A brief review of cytological researches in 45 non-hybrid aquatic monocots plus two well-investigated inter-specific Potamogeton hybrids in Myanmar is also given with a broad focus on those distributed in neighboring areas, i.e., the Indian, the Indochina, and the Sino-Japanese floristic regions.Aquatic plants, which is polyphyletically evolved in fern and fern allies, basal angiosperms, monocots, and eudicots, is known as having numerous chromosomal variation, thus an excellent model for this aim. Here, in addition to the previous contributions of chromosome counts for new or noteworthy aquatic plants from Myanmar (Limnocharisflava (Alismataceae), Sagittariatrifolia (Alismataceae), Najastenuis (Hydrocharitaceae), Nechamandraalternifolia (Hydrocharitaceae), and Potamogetondistinctus \u00d7 Potamogetonnodosus (Potamogetonaceae) were collected in the expeditions to Myanmar (Bago Division and Shan State) in 2008. The collections were rigorously identified based on morphological characters using the original protologues as well as a previous taxonomic treatment by Potamogetondistinctus \u00d7 Potamogetonnodosus (Potamogetonaceae) was identified by DNA barcoding method  for at least 30 min, and then preserved at 4 \u00b0C in 12 h. For microscopic observation, root tips were soaked in 1 N HCl for 1 h followed by 10 min at 60 \u00b0C. After being immersed in tap water, the materials were stained in a drop of 1.5% orcein acetate solution on a slide glass in 5 min., and then squashed. Then somatic chromosome numbers of the three taxa were obtained by light microscopic examination. For each species, at least two cells were used to confirm the numbers.Distribution for each species follows Potamogeton hybrids (http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/ipcn.html), followed by extensive literature review with original references. For some species, mostly cosmopolitan ones, only a few representative literature references are given for each chromosome number. Since a comprehensive cytological review was given for aquatic plants  Buchenau, 1868Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito; Location: country: Myanmar; stateProvince: Bago; municipality: Pyat Township; locality: along the roadside, paddy field, ca. 30 km east of Pyat; verbatimLatitude: 18\u00b049'44\"N; verbatimLongitude: 95\u00b018'06\"E; Event: eventDate: 7 Dec 2008; Record Level: collectionID: N. Tanaka & al. 080776; institutionCode: MBK, RAF, TINative to Americas; naturalized to tropical Asia.Chromosome counts: 2n = 20 , India (nationwide), Indonesia , Japan, Malaysia (Peninsular), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand; Oceania.Chromosome counts: 2n = 22 , Myanmar, Sri Lanka.Chromosome counts: 2n = 24  Thwaites, 1864Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito; Location: country: Myanmar; stateProvince: Shan; verbatimLocality: Near Yae Aye Kan Dam, Yae Aye Kan, Kalaw Township; verbatimLatitude: 20\u00b035'37\"N; verbatimLongitude: 96\u00b031'46\"E; Event: eventDate: 26 Nov 2008; Record Level: collectionID: N. Tanaka & al. 080058; institutionCode: MBK, RAF, TIBangladesh, China (Southern), India , Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Yemen, and Sudan.Chromosome counts: 2n = 16 (Fig. L., 1753Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito; Location: country: Myanmar; stateProvince: Shan; verbatimLocality: Inle Lake; verbatimLatitude: 20\u00b027'28\"N; verbatimLongitude: 96\u00b050'37\"E; Event: eventDate: 4 Dec 2008; Record Level: collectionID: N. Tanaka & al. 080662; institutionCode: MBK, RAF, TIChromosome counts: 2n = 52 (Fig. Potamogeton hybrids among them were reviewed with a focus on infra-specific chromosome variation (Table The chromosome counts given for 45 non-hybrid species of aquatic monocots of Myanmar as well as well-investigated two on Table . The citAcoruscalamus, Cryptocorynecrispatula, Blyxaechinosperma, Hydrillaverticillata, Najasgraminea, Otteliaalismoides, Vallisneriaspiralis, Monochoriahastata, and Monochoriavaginalis (Table Acoruscalamus, Otteliaalismoides, Vallisneriaspiralis, and Monochoriavaginalis, for which unique chromosome counts are obtained from each floristic region. Myanmar is known as including borders among the Indian, the Indochina, and the Sino-Japanese floristic regions (Of 45 non-hybrid aquatic monocots and two interspecific hybrids among them, more than two thirds have no chromosome variation. Meanwhile, the following nine species have infra-specific chromosome variation, i.e., is Table . Among t regions , yet in Potamogeton is known as having numerous inter-specific hybrids, and each parental combination is varied from intra-ploidy crosses to inter-ploidy ones (Potamogetondistinctus \u00d7 Potamogetonnodosus as another intra-ploidy hybrid of Potamogeton at tetraploid level.idy ones . The pre"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Marcelo Goulart Correia. The correct citation is: Costa MGSd, Santos MdS, Sarti FM, Senna KMSe, Tura BR, Correia MG. (2014) Cost-Effectiveness of Procedures for Treatment of Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defects Occlusion Comparing Conventional Surgery and Septal Percutaneous Implant. PLoS ONE 9(10): e108966. doi: In the Author Contributions section, author Marcelo Goulart Correia\u2019s initials should be MGC. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: MGSC MSS. Performed the experiments: MGSC MSS KMSS MGC FMS. Analyzed the data: MGSC MSS KMSS BRT MGC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MGSC MGC BRT. Wrote the paper: MGSC FMS. Systematic review: MGSC KMSS MSS MGC. Data collection costs: MGSC KMSS FMS."}
{"text": "If it arrests at 10 cm from gum margin, baby has esophageal atresia. Observe the stomach; if it is scaphoid, baby may have isolated esophageal atresia, if it is distended, baby is likely to have TEF [1].3.Frequent upper pouch suction, semi-erect position, hydration, antibiotics, stop feeds, vitamin K, and warmth [1].4.Lower esophageal segment concealed under the descending aorta, difficult to locate, anastomosis touched by pulsating aorta, iatrogenic injury to vital structures due to unfamiliarity with anatomy [1].5.Transanastomotic tubes allow early feeding, prevent catabolism, and prevents double bites of esophageal wall; but can obstruct esophageal lumen and prevent salivary drainage leading to secretions in throat, compromised anastomosis [2].6.These are; TPN; Gastrostomy/jejunostomy feeds/Transanastomotic tube feeds; Oral feeds if leak is small; Drainage of leak; Esophagostomy and gastrostomy .7.These are; Upper pouch suction; Chest physiotherapy; Humidified oxygen; Analgesics; Care of chest tube/NG tube [2].8.Monthly weight record for first few months; Esophageal calibration for first year; Growth monitoring every year; Investigate for dysphagia; Evaluate for GER if suspicion [2].9.Anti-reflux measures such as position, Thick formula feeds; H2 blockers; Dilatation; Dilatation and local bleomycin/steroid; Balloon dilatation; Stricturoplasty; Replacement .10.Barium swallow; Esophagoscopy/bronchoscopy; CT/MRI .Source of Support: NilConflict of Interest: None declared"}
{"text": "Despite their limited licensed indications, anti-IL1 agents are often used in real-life practice for an increasing number of diseases. A national survey to record the off-label use of this class of therapeutics in France was started in January 2011. The survey is coordinated by the French National Reference Centre for Auto-inflammatory Diseases, under the aegis of the \"Club Rhumatisme et Inflammation\".The survey aims at gathering information concerning: the number of patients treated with anti-IL1 agents in France, the treated disease, the kind and the indication of the used anti-IL1 agents, their efficacy and safety.We set up a physician-directed questionnaire covering the following areas: patient data, disease data, anti-IL1 agent , its efficacy, adverse events. Any adult or paediatric patient who had received an anti-IL1 agent from January 2005 in France could be included.At two years 193 patients from 37 centres have been included. Demographic data: 104 males, 89 females; 141 adult, 52 paediatric patients, mean age 35.2 years at treatment onset. Main diseases were: adult onset Still disease (AoSD) (35), systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) (29), gout (27), anakinra-treated CAPS (22), mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) (14), familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (12), SAPHO syndrome (9), Schnitzler's syndrome (7). The main off-label used agent was anakinra, used at least once in 189 patients. Canakinumab was used in 25 patients, mainly children, in most cases as a second-line treatment after anakinra. Rilonacept is not yet available in France. 83 patients  were still on treatment at last visit. Some form of clinical response was found in 90% of anakinra-treated patients. A complete physician-evaluated response was reported in Schnitzler's syndrome (85%), gout (80%), CAPS (75%), AoSD (59%), FMF (50%), SoJIA (42%), MKD (30%), SAPHO (11%). 83% of canakinumab-treated patients showed clinical response. At least one adverse event (AE) was reported for 53% and a serious adverse event (SAE) for 10% of anakinra treated patients. Main AEs were: injection site reactions (48%), weight gain (11%) and liver enzymes elevation (9%). SAEs were principally severe infections, macrophage activation syndrome and severe hepato-toxicity. 50% of patients treated with canakinumab showed an AE, namely respiratory infections and liver anomalies. Only few patients had a SAE (severe infections).Anakinra is the main off-label anti-IL1 agent used in France, showing partial to complete efficacy in most patients; complete clinical response rates vary according to specific diseases, being higher in Schnitlzler syndrome, gout, CAPS and AoSD. Around half of the patients showed at least one AE, mainly related to a poor local tolerance. Preliminary data of our survey suggest that canakinumab was efficacy and well tolerate in most patients.L. Rossi-Semerano: None Declared, B. Fautrel: None Declared, D. Wendling: None Declared, E. Hachulla Consultant for: SOBI Biovitrum, Novartis, C. Galeotti: None Declared, A. Meyer: None Declared, S. Ottaviani: None Declared, R. Dhote: None Declared, O. Richer: None Declared, M. Fouillet-Desjonqueres: None Declared, I. Touitou: None Declared, I. Kon\u00e9-Paut Grant/Research Support from: SOBI Biovitrum, Consultant for: Novartis."}
{"text": "Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) has negative impact on patient's outcome after cardiac surgical procedures. Reported incidence of AKI requiring renal replacement therapy is approximately 1-3% of cardiac surgical patients and is characterized by extremely high morbidity and mortality rates.Aim of our study was to investigate perioperative factors associated with postoperative AKI requiring renal replacement therapy in patients undergone cardiac surgery.The study group was consisted of 1186 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery from June 2012 to April 2015 in a single Cardiothoracic Surgery Department. The following 21 peri-operative variables have been investigated: Age, Gender, Euroscore II, Body Mass Index (BMI),Smoking habit, Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin use, pre-op Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD), Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic atrial fibrillation, REDO, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) use, Ejection Fraction, Pulmonary Hypertension, Urgent/emergent operations, Cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) time, total red blood cells (RBC) units transfused, mechanical ventilation time, Prolonged inotropic support (>24 hours), Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS). Factors with statistical significance according to univariate analysis, underwent multivariate logistic regression analysis.Univariate analysis revealed the following11 factors having statistical significant relationship with postoperative AKI requiring renal replacement therapy: Euroscore II(p < 0.01), preoperative GFR (p < 0.01), COPD , ACEi use (p = 0.032), pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.01), emergent/urgent status (p < 0.01), CPB time (p < 0.01), RBC units (p < 0.01), mechanical ventilation time (p < 0.01), Prolonged inotropic support (p < 0.01) and LCOS (p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis of the above 11 factors revealed that AKI requiring renal replacement therapy is associated with prolonged inotropic support (p < 0.00), total RBC transfused units (p < 0.00), not use of ACEi (p < 0.027).Prolonged inotropic support and total RBC transfused units are factors associated with renal replacement therapy after cardiac surgery. It seems that the use of ACEi has renal protective properties, avoiding the most serious type of AKI which demands renal replacement therapy."}
{"text": "The first author\u2019s name is incorrect in the citation. The correct name is: Ben Rais Lasram F. The correct citation is: Ben Rais Lasram F, Hattab T, Halouani G, Romdhane MS, Le Loc'h F (2015) Modeling of Beta Diversity in Tunisian Waters: Predictions Using Generalized Dissimilarity Modeling and Bioregionalisation Using Fuzzy Clustering."}
{"text": "Stem Cell Res Ther 2015, 6:2. The citation has since been corrected, and the article should be cited as follows:Due to a technical error during the production process, this article  was orig, Ramraj S, Khan FH, Azim T and Aravindan N: Metastatic neuroblastoma cancer stem cells exhibit flexible plasticity and adaptive stemness signaling.Stem Cell Res Ther 2015, 6:400.Pandian VThe DOI of this article remains the same: doi: 10.1186/s13287-015-0002-8.Stem Cell Res Ther 2015, 6:2. We apologize for any inconvenience caused.The Publisher is issuing this Erratum to alert readers in case they find versions or records of the article with the incorrect citation"}
{"text": "Arthropoda) is being conducted since 2012 in the forests of Azorean Islands. Named \"SLAM - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores\", this project aims to understand the impact of biodiversity erosion drivers in the distribution, abundance and diversity of Azorean arthropods. The current dataset represents arthropods that have been recorded using a total of 42 passive SLAM traps  deployed in native, mixed and exotic forest fragments in seven Azorean Islands . This manuscript is the fifth data-paper contribution, based on data from this long-term monitoring project.A long-term study monitoring arthropods (Arachnida (excluding Acari), Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Hexapoda ). Specimens were sampled over seven Azorean Islands during the 2012-2021 period. Spiders (Araneae) data from Pico and Terceira Islands are not included since they have been already published elsewhere  and only one exotic species, the JulidaOmmatoiulusmoreleti . These ten species represent 107330 individuals (60%) of all sampled specimens and can be considered as the dominant species in the Azorean native forests for the target studied taxa. The Hemiptera were the most abundant taxa, with 90127 (50.4%) specimens. The Coleoptera were the most diverse with 30 (28.6%) families.We targeted taxa for species identification belonging to lsewhere . We collWe registered 72 new records for many of the islands . These records represent 58 species. None of them is new to the Azores Archipelago. Most of the new records are introduced species, all still with low abundance on the studied islands. This publication contributes to increasing the baseline information for future long-term comparisons of the arthropods of the studied sites and the knowledge of the arthropod fauna of the native forests of the Azores, in terms of species abundance, distribution and diversity throughout seasons and years. A common finding all over the globe is that arthropods are the major taxa involved in ecosystems services . Some ofIslands are critical places for the conservation of biodiversity, there being a critical need to gather knowledge to support conservation management in such extremely dynamic and changing ecosystems . They haThis publication provides an inventory of terrestrial arthropods present in mixed and native forests of seven Azorean Islands . This is the fifth data paper contribution to the long-term project SLAM  that started in 2012 with the aim of understanding the impact of the drivers of biodiversity erosion on Azorean native forests   and ecosystem functions.The year 2012 marks the beginning of the SLAM traps survey of arthropods on Terceira Island, within the Project NETBIOME ISLANDBIODIV. This first survey was then followed by several others within the Azores Archipelago with the purpose of sampling and describing all arthropods inside native forest fragments using passive SLAM traps Faial Island: Pedro Casimiro and Jo\u00e3o Bettencourt  and C\u00e1tia Freitas Pico Island: Paulo Freitas and S\u00f3nia Manso Graciosa Island: Carlos Pican\u00e7o with the collaboration of Pedro Raposo Terceira Island: Paulo A. V. Borges, Alejandra Ros-Prieto, Fernando Pereira, Lucas Lamelas-L\u00f3pez, Rui Carvalho, Rui Nunes and S\u00e9bastien Lhoumeau.S\u00e3o Miguel Island: Miguel Ferreira  and R\u00faben Coelho (SPEA)Santa Maria Island: Nelson Moura .Parataxonomists:For the period 2012-2019: Adal Humberto D\u00edaz Raya, Adrian Fernandez Marinez, Alba Arteaga, Alejandra Ros-Prieto, Castore De Salvador, David Rodilla Rivas, Daniel Ehrhart, Elisa Tarantino, Gea Ghisolfi, Helena Marug\u00e1n P\u00e1ramo, Joel Martin Ay, Jonne Bonnet, Jose Vicente P\u00e9rez Santa Rita, Juan Ignacio Pitarch Per\u00e9z, Juan Manuel Taboada Alvarez, Laura C\u00e1ceres Sabater, Laura Gallardo, Mag\u00ed Ramon Martorell, Maria Simitakou, Marija Toma\u0161i\u0107, Marta Calera Sierra, Merili Martverk, \u00d3scar Garc\u00eda Contreras, Oscar Gomez Novillo, Percy de Laminne de Bex, Reinier Vries, Riccardo Negroni, Ruben Murillo Garcia, Rui Carvalho, Rui Nunes, S\u00e9bastien Lhoumeau, Sergio Fernandez, Sophie Wallon and William Razey.For the period 2019-2021: Abr\u00e3o Leite, Adrian Fernandez Marinez, Emanuela Cosma, Jonne Bonnet, Joel Martin Aye, Lo\u00efc Navarro, Mag\u00ed Ramon Martorell, Marco Canino, Natalia Fierro Frerot, S\u00e9bastien Lhoumeau and Valentin Moley.Taxonomists: Paulo A. V. Borges and Lu\u00eds Carlos Crespo.Curation: Voucher specimen management was mainly undertaken by Alejandra Ros-Prieto, Abr\u00e3o Leite, Ricardo Costa, S\u00e9bastien Lhoumeau and Paulo A. V. Borges.The Azores Archipelago comprises nine volcanic Islands and is located in the Atlantic Ocean between latitudes 37\u00b0 and 40\u00b0 N Fig. , situatePittosporumundulatum and Hedychiumgardnerianum.During this project, seven Islands  , 15th June (spring sample), 15th September (summer sample) and 15th December (autumn sample).However, on some Islands (e.g. Santa Maria and Graciosa) and sites (e.g. TER-NFTB-T-18 in Terceira in the period June 2014 - December 2015) see , samplesFCT-NETBIOME \u2013 ISLANDBIODIV grant 0003/2011 (between 2012 and 2015) with a funding of around 60 k euros.EU ERASMUS+ Training Grants to Ruben Murillo Garcia, Laura Gallardo (2014); Adal Humberto D\u00edaz Raya, David Rodilla, Laura C\u00e1ceres Sabater, \u00d3scar Garc\u00eda Contrera, William Razey (2015); Alejandra Ros Prieto, Daniel Ehrhart, Helena Marug\u00e1n P\u00e1ramo, Maria Simitakou (2016); Juan Manuel Taboada Alvarez, Merili Martverk (2017); Elisa Tarantino, Marta Calera Sierra, Oscar Gomez-Novillo, Reinier Vries (2018); Adrian Fernandez Marinez, Castore De Salvador, Gea Ghisolfi, Joel Martin Aye, Riccardo Negroni (2019); Jonne Bonnet (2020), Mag\u00ed Ramon Martorell, S\u00e9bastien Lhoumeau (2021), Emanuela Cosma, Lo\u00efc Navarro, Marco Canino, Valentin Moley (2022) with a total funding so far of around 90 k euros.EU EURODYSS\u00c9E - Marija Toma\u0161i\u0107 (2014), Percy de Laminne de Bex, Juan Ignacio Pitarch Per\u00e9z (2015); Jose Vicente P\u00e9rez Santa Rita (2017); Alba Arteaga (2018), with a total funding so far of around 30 k euros.ESTAGIAR L Azores Government - Sophie Wallon (2014), with a funding of 12 k euros.ESTAGIAR T Azores Government - Alejandra Ros Prieto (2017), with a funding of 12 k euros.Portuguese National Funds, through FCT \u2013 Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, within the project UID/BIA/00329/2013-2020, with a funding of 9 k euros.Direc\u00e7\u00e3o Regional do Ambiente - PRIBES (LIFE17 IPE/PT/000010) (2019), with a funding of 6 k euros.Direc\u00e7\u00e3o Regional do Ambiente \u2013 LIFE-BETTLES (LIFE18 NAT_PT_000864) (2020), with a funding of 138 k euros until 2024.AZORESBIOPORTAL \u2013 PORBIOTA (ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072) (2019), with a funding of 9 k euros.Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) - MACRISK-Trait-based prediction of extinction risk and invasiveness for Northern Macaronesian arthropods (FCT-PTDC/BIA-CBI/0625/2021) with 9 k euros.Portal da Biodiversidade dos A\u00e7ores (2022-2023) - PO Azores Project - M1.1.A/INFRAEST CIENT/001/2022 (2022).FCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024  (2019-2022) with 3 k euros.Overall, we sampled a total of 42 plots , using passive SLAM traps Table .We used passive flight interception SLAM traps    to kill the captured arthropods and conserve the sample between collections, enabling also the preservation of DNA for future genetic analyses. Although this protocol was developed to sample flying arthropods, by working as an extension of the tree, non-flying species, such as spiders, can also crawl into the trap, widening the range of groups that can be sampled by this technique.In the laboratory, specimen sorting and arthropod identification followed standard procedures, using somatic and genitalic features for species identification. A reference collection was made for all collected specimens (whether or not identified at species level) by assigning them a morphospecies code number and depositing them at the Dalberto Teixeira Pombo Insect Collection (DTP), University of Azores (Terceira Island).Flores, Faial, Pico, Graciosa, Terceira, S\u00e3o Miguel and Santa Maria Islands in the Azores, Macaronesia, Portugal Fig. .36.844 and 39.690 Latitude; -31.333 and -24.785 Longitude.The following classes and orders are covered:Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, PseudoscorpionesChilopoda: Geophilomorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Scolopendromorpha, ScutigeromorphaDiplopoda: Chordeumatida, Julida, PolydesmidaInsecta: Archaeognatha, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera (Formicidae), Neuroptera, Orthoptera, Phasmida, Psocodea, Strepsiptera, Thysanoptera, TrichopteraSymphyla: SymphylaAraneae including detailed morphometric measurements for most of the studied species can be accessed in the publication by Functional traits of Trophic preference for all other arthropods are assessed using the publication by Despite our efforts, not all islands could be continuously monitored. The temporal graph hereafter Fig.  shows thCreative Commons Public Domain Waiver (CC-Zero)Long-term monitoring of Azorean forest arthropodshttp://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=arthropods_slam_azoreshttps://www.gbif.org/dataset/079c8358-0b4f-479b-97dd-1f2f775256f92Event tableDarwin Core Archive formatUTF-8http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=arthropods_slam_azoresVersion 1.3The dataset was published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility platform, GBIF . The folOccurrence tableDarwin Core Archive formatUTF-8http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=arthropods_slam_azoresVersion 1.3The dataset was published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility platform, GBIF . The folWe collected a total of 176007 specimens from which 168565 (95.7%) were identified at species or subspecies level. These identified specimens belong to 25 orders, 106 families, 260 genera and 316 species or subspecies. In this pool of 316 named species and subspecies, a total of 132 species are considered introduced, 88 native non-endemic, 55 endemic and 41 have indeterminate colonisation status.Based on a comparison with the previous Azorean arthropod checklist , we recoDetails on the new records for the Islands:Two new species records for Flores Island Table :Coleoptera, Leiodidae), Catopscoracinus Kellner, 1846 (native non-endemic), that is a saprophagous species commonly found in several habitats in Azores .- One beetle , Ceratothripsericae  (native non-endemic), that is usually associated with the endemic shrub Ericaazorica.- One thrips , Neottiurabimaculata  and Theridionmelanurum Hahn, 1831, both introduced and very common in human-made habitats.- Two spiders (Coleoptera), Clitostethusarcuatus  (introduced), Dryopsalgiricus  (native non-endemic), Notothectadryochares  (endemic) and Scymnussuturalis Thunberg, 1795 (introduced). C.arcuatus and S.suturalis are ladybeetles (Coccinellidae) widespread in Azores (Notothectadryochares (Staphylinidae) is the most abundant endemic rove-beetle in Azores , Brachystelesparvicornis  (Anthocoridae) (native non-endemic) and Eupteryxazorica Ribaut, 1941 (Cicadellidae) (endemic). B.parvicornis is a common predator mostly found in human-made habitats and E.azorica is commonly associated with native and endemic ferns in native forest.- Two bugs  (introduced), Lathysdentichelis  (native non-endemic), Macaroerisdiligens  (native non-endemic), Pachygnathadegeeri Sundevall, 1830 (introduced) and Pelecopsisparallela  (introduced). C.infimus and M.diligens are both jumping spiders  very common in exotic forests, gardens and orchards. L.dentichelis (Dictynidae) is one of the most common spiders in the canopies of endemic trees in Azores. P.degeeri (Tetragnathidae) is mosltly associated with humid areas like margins of lakes, but can also be found in pastures. P.parallela (Linyphiidae) is widely distributed in Azorean pastures.- Five Coleoptera): Aspidapionradiolus  (Apionidae) (introduced), Cryptophaguscellaris  (Cryptophagidae) (introduced), Dromiusmeridionalis Dejean, 1825 (Carabidae) (introduced), Kalcapionsemivittatumsemivittatum  (Apionidae) (indeterminate), Longitarsuskutscherai  (Chrysomelidae) (introduced), Mecinuspascuorum  (Curculionidae) (introduced), Naupactusleucoloma Boheman, 1840 (Curculionidae) (introduced), Proteinusatomarius Erichson, 1840 (Staphylinidae) (indeterminate), Stenomastaxmadeirae Assing, 2003 (Staphylinidae) (indeterminate), Tachyporusnitidulus  (Staphylinidae) (indeterminate) and Trichiusarobustula Casey, 1893 (Staphylinidae) (indeterminate). It is particularly relevant to mention the fact that most of these beetle species are exotic historically introduced species.- Eleven beetles (Hemiptera): Euphylluraolivina  (Liviidae) (introduced), Loriculacoleoptrata  (Microphysidae) (native non-endemic), Piezodoruslituratus  (Pentatomidae) (native non-endemic), Plinthisusminutissimus Fieber 1864, (Rhyparochromidae) (native non-endemic) and Siphantaacuta  (Flatidae) (introduced). Particularly relevant the presence of S.acuta, that is spreading fast in Azores  (Epipsocidae) (native non-endemic), Trichadenotecnumcastum Betz, 1983 (Psocidae) (introduced), Valenzuelaburmeisteri  (Caeciliusidae) (native non-endemic). All these species are common in many forest habitats of all islands in Azores.- Three Twenty-three new species records for Pico Island Table :Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Linotaeniidae), Strigamiacrassipes  (native non-endemic).- One centipede (Diplopoda), all introduced in Azores: Brachyiuluspusillus  (Julidae), Cylindroiuluslatestriatus  (Julidae), Nopoiuluskochii  (Blaniulidae) and Proteroiulusfuscus  (Blaniulidae).- Four millipedes (Coleoptera): Catopscoracinus Kellner, 1846 (Leiodidae) (native non-endemic), Charagmusgressorius  (Curculionidae) (native non-endemic), Cryptophaguscellaris  (Cryptophagidae) (introduced), Mecinuspascuorum  (Curculionidae) (introduced), Medonapicalis  (Staphylinidae) (indeterminated), Rhizophagusferrugineus  (Monotomidae) (introduced), Sitonadiscoideus Gyllenhal, 1834 (Curculionidae) (introduced) and Stilbustestaceus   (native non-endemic).- Eight beetles (Hemiptera): Anthocorisnemoralis  (Anthocoridae) (native non-endemic), Geotomuspunctulatus  (Cydnidae) (native non-endemic), Lasiosomusenervis  (Rhyparochromidae) (native non-endemic), Loriculacoleoptrata  (Microphysidae) (native non-endemic), Plinthisusminutissimus Fieber, 1864 (Rhyparochromidae) (native non-endemic) and Siphantaacuta  (Flatidae) (introduced). Similarly to Graciosa, S.acuta is also new for Pico, species that is spreading fast in Azores  (Gryllidae) (introduced) and Phaneropteranana Fieber, 1853 (Tettigoniidae) (native non-endemic).- Two Psocodea: Bertkauialucifuga  (Epipsocidae) and Valenzuelaburmeisteri  (Caeciliusidae).- Two native non-endemic Eight new species records for Terceira Island Table :Coleoptera): Aleocharaclavicornis L. Redtenbacher, 1849 (Chrysomelidae) (indeterminate), Metophthalmusoccidentalis Israelson, 1984 (Latridiidae) (endemic), Philonthusquisquiliariusquisquiliarius  (Staphylinidae) (indeterminate).- Three beetles (Hemiptera): Loriculacoleoptrata  (Microphysidae), Loriculaelegantula  (Microphysidae), Microplaxplagiatus  (Microphysidae), Miridiusquadrivirgatus  (Oxycarenidae) and Piezodoruslituratus  (Pentatomidae).- Five native non-endemic bugs , Canariphantesacoreensis .- One endemic spider (Coleoptera): Cyphaseminulum  (Staphylinidae) (indeterminate) and Longitarsuskutscherai (Chrysomelidae)  (introduced).- Two beetles , Nerieneclathrata .- One introduced spider (Coleoptera): Catopscoracinus Kellner, 1846 (Leiodidae) (native non-endemic) and Cryptophaguscellaris  (Cryptophagidae) (introduced).- Two beetles , Eupteryxazorica Ribaut, 1941, usually associated with native and endemic ferns.- One endemic bug (We recorded 23 introduced species which are new to the Islands of the Azores Archpelago. This number of new records is higher than for the endemic (n = 4), native (n = 21) and indeterminate (n = 8) species. These new records increase the diversity of the species at island scale. They must be considered with particular attention as they might rapidly increase their distribution. However, we need to be careful with these new records because they could represent an effect of the past low sampling effort and not recent introductions. Indeed, not all Islands were sampled with the same intensity through time. In order to provide better time series analysis, we must continue sampling arthropods over all Islands with increasing regularity.Ericaazorica, as an early succession shrub (see Species of Habitat management areas in Fig. Introduced species are the greatest part of the new records, but also the most diverse group of species over all the Archipelago Fig. . In all A positive output of this study is the non-dominance of introduced species in native forest patches, a result that coincides with a recent study conducted on a native forest fragment Terra-Brava on Terceira see . Fig. 14All of the seven Islands monitored showed that introduced arthropod species are the most diverse group, but not the dominant one, which suggest that introduced species are mostly vagrants with large turnover rates across space and time. Such turnover on oceanic islands is common to other taxa like plants . A futur"}
{"text": "S. maltophilia and mortality approaches 100% in patients with hemorrhagic pneumonia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) is the drug of choice for treatment of infections caused by S. maltophilia however allergies, toxicity, and resistance may preclude its use. We sought to characterize clinical outcomes of patients with leukemia and S. maltophilia bloodstream infection (BSI).Patients with leukemia are disproportionately vulnerable to infections caused by S. maltophilia and mortality approaches 100% in patients with hemorrhagic pneumonia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) is the drug of choice for treatment of infections caused by S. maltophilia however allergies, toxicity, and resistance may preclude its use. We sought to characterize clinical outcomes of patients with leukemia and S. maltophilia bloodstream infection (BSI).Patients with leukemia are disproportionately vulnerable to infections caused by S. maltophilia BSI were identified. The most common diagnosis was acute myeloid leukemia (60%); 31% had prior stem cell transplant. The most common single identified source was respiratory (31%) followed by central venous catheter . A single clear source was unable to be identified in 33%.Overall 14-day mortality was 31%. After excluding eleven patients who died within 24 hours, most patients received SXT (72%), followed by ceftazidime (40%), tigecycline , and minocycline (26%). SXT was associated with reduced mortality  while TGC was associated with increased mortality . All patients who died were neutropenic at baseline and none had a CVC infection.Ninety-six patients with leukemia and S. maltophilia BSI is associated with high mortality in patients with leukemia, particularly those with neutropenia at baseline. CVC infection alone was not associated with mortality. SXT is associated with reduced mortality relative to other antimicrobials. Alternative agents should be used with caution in these vulnerable patients.Samuel L. Aitken, PharmD, MPH, Entasis Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant Pablo C. Okhuysen, MD, AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds|Beam Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds|Biontech: Stocks/Bonds|Deinove: Grant/Research Support|Ferring: Advisor/Consultant|Glaxo Smith Kleine: Stocks/Bonds|Johnson and Johnson: Stocks/Bonds|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds|Napo Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Napo Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Summit: Advisor/Consultant|Summit: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Declines in the diagnoses of new HIV infections have been reported in geographic areas with higher uptake of PrEP among persons who would benefit from PrEP (PWBP). In the present analysis, we examined the rate of new HIV diagnoses in PWBP prescribed PrEP and those not prescribed PrEP in order to understand the current and potential impact of PrEP in differing geographies.et al. 2019) using a combination of published reports and a claims database. HIV rates for individuals prescribed F/TAF or F/TDF (including brand and generic) for PrEP between 10/3/2019  and 6/30/2021 were analyzed from claims data. For those prescribed PrEP, new infections included new HIV diagnosis or addition of HIV treatment within 10 days of PrEP discontinuation.We estimated the rate of new HIV infections among PWBP not prescribed PrEP with a previously described model  compared to those not prescribed PrEP (3.38 [3.35 \u2013 3.42]). New HIV diagnosis rates by state among PWBP not prescribed PrEP ranged from 0.41 (0.22 \u2013 0.78) in Vermont to 9.96 (9.53 \u2013 11.54) in Mississippi . The Southern US had the highest regional HIV diagnosis rate among PWBP not prescribed PrEP . HIV diagnosis rates by state among PWBP prescribed PrEP were lower, ranging from 0 to 2.40 (0.05 \u2013 4.75). Eleven states had a greater than 85% lower HIV diagnosis rate among PWBP prescribed PrEP versus those who were not prescribed PrEP, and the greatest differences in diagnosis rates by PrEP prescription status were observed in the Southeastern US states.This study suggests that substantial reductions in HIV diagnosis rates have occurred in people prescribed PrEP in the US. We found large geographic variations in HIV diagnosis rates, with the largest differences by PrEP prescription status occurring in the Southeast US, underscoring the need for PrEP expansion and its potential impact on the HIV epidemic in that region. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate an approach of estimating HIV rates for PWBP prescribed and those not prescribed PrEP, which may be useful in supporting targeted delivery of HIV prevention services in the US.Li Tao, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Jen Thorburn, n/a, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support Amanda Kong, DrPH, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support Debra Irwin, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support Christoph C. Carter, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Moupali Das, MD, Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Julie Paone, MPH, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "We evaluated utilization of emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir alafenamide  among PN after the approval of F/TAF for PrEP in the US.EMR and dispensing data from Trio Health HIV Research Network were used for this retrospective observational study. The study included HIV-negative PN \u2265 18 years with first dispense of daily oral PrEP (\u226530-day supply) between 10/19-5/21 followed for \u22656 mo; individuals with hepatitis B or post-exposure prophylaxis were excluded. Prescription adherence, measured as proportion of days covered  and time to regimen discontinuation (no drug >3 mo) or switch  were compared between regimens. Characteristics associated with PDC and time to first regimen stop (switch/discontinuation) were evaluated using generalized linear regression and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively.Of 1330 PrEP starts, 86% (1144) were dispensed F/TAF vs 14% F/TDF (186). Baseline characteristics differed by regimen [Table\u00a01]. While PDC was similar for both regimens, F/TAF had higher number of dispenses and mean days supplied vs F/TDF; mean days of follow-up were similar [Table\u00a01]. F/TAF users had longer TRD ; median TRD was 3.9 mo for F/TDF and not reached for F/TAF [Figure\u00a01]. A higher proportion of PN on F/TDF discontinued (46% vs 24% F/TAF) and switched (26% vs 2% F/TAF) their regimen (both p< .001).After accounting for gender, race, payer, age, high-risk behavior, F/TDF had a higher risk of discontinuation or switch (HR=4.9 CI 3.9-6.2); Black race was also associated with higher risk of discontinuation or switch [Table\u00a02]. Results were similar when considering only discontinuation (censoring at time of switch or loss to follow up). Older age was identified as the primary driver of PDC controlling for other factors [Table\u00a02].In this study PN adults dispensed F/TAF had greater number of dispenses, mean days supplied, and were less likely to discontinue or switch from F/TAF compared to F/TDF. Older age was the primary driver of increased PDC when considering other factors, including demographics, insurance and regimen.Rick A. Elion, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Trio Health: Employee|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant Joshua Gruber, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employee Janna Radtchenko, MBA, Trio Health: Employee Megan Dunbar, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employee Kenneth H. Mayer, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant Gregory Huhn, MD, MPHTM, Eli Lilly: Advisor/Consultant|Eli Lilly: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Jannsen: Advisor/Consultant|Jannsen: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Grant/Research Support Karam Mounzer, MD, Epividian: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Trio Health: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Anthony Mills, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Coinfections, both bacterial and viral, occur with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but prevalence, risk factors, and associated clinical outcomes are not fully understood.We used the Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET), a population-based surveillance platform to investigate the occurrence of viral and bacterial coinfections among hospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during March 2020 and February 2022. Patients receiving additional standard of care (SOC) molecular testing for viral pathogens (14 days prior to admission or 7 days after), including respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV), influenza, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and endemic coronaviruses, were included. SOC testing for clinically relevant bacterial pathogens (7 days before admission or 7 days after) from sputum, deep respiratory, and sterile sites were included. The demographic and clinical features of those with and without bacterial infections were compared.Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate overall; Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the second most common respiratory isolate .Among 2,654 adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and tested for all 7 virus groups, another virus was identified in 3.1% of patients. RV/EV (1.2%) and influenza (0.4%) were the most commonly detected viruses. Half  of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 had bacterial cultures taken within 7 days of admission, and 1,092 (6.1%) of these had a clinically relevant bacterial pathogen. A higher percentage of those with a positive culture died compared to those with negative cultures . This figure includes 1,408 bacterial cultures from 1,066 individuals. Deep respiratory sites include endotracheal aspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, bronchial washings, pleural fluid, and lung tissue. Commensal organisms were excluded.Consistent with previous studies, a relatively low proportion of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 had concomitantly identified viral or bacterial infections. Identification of a bacterial infection within 7 days of admission is associated with increased mortality among adults hospitalized with COVID-19. Conclusions about the clinical relevance of bacterial infections is limited by the retrospective nature of this study.Evan J. Anderson, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc: Data Safety Monitoring Board|MedImmune: Grant/Research Support|Medscape: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Micron: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Funding from NIH to conduct clinical trials of Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines|PaxVax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Data Adjudication and Data Safety Monitoring Boards|WCG and ACI Clinical: Data Adjudication Board."}
{"text": "Whether receipt of COVID-19 vaccine associates with receipt of other routinely-recommended adult vaccines such as, influenza and pneumococcal vaccines is not well described. We evaluated this relationship in a population of adults who were hospitalized for acute respiratory infection (ARI).We enrolled adults (\u2265 18 years of age) who were hospitalized at Emory University Hospital and Emory University Hospital Midtown with symptoms consistent with ARI. Participants were interviewed and medical records abstracted to gather demographic information, including social behaviors during the pandemic, medical history, and prior vaccination history . Using two separate logistic regression analyses, we determined the association between i) receipt of influenza vaccine in the prior year among adults \u2265 18 years and ii) receipt of any pneumococcal vaccine in the prior 5 years among adults \u2265 65 years on the receipt of at least one COVID-19 vaccine\u2265 14 days prior to admission. Adjusted models included demographic information , social behaviors, and history of chronic medical conditions.Overall, 1056 participants were enrolled and had vaccination records available. Of whom, 509/1056 (48.2%) had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Adults \u2265 18 years who received influenza vaccine were more likely to have received \u22651 dose of COVID-19 vaccine compared to those who did not . Similarly, adults \u226565 years who received pneumococcal vaccine were more likely to have received \u2265 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine compared to those who did not .In this study of adults hospitalized for ARI, receipt of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination strongly correlated with receipt of COVID-19 vaccination. Continued efforts are needed to reach adults who remain hesitant to not only receive COVID-19 vaccines, but also other vaccines that lessen the burden of respiratory illness.Laura A. Puzniak, PhD. MPH, Merck & Co., Inc.: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer Inc.: Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Srinivas Valluri, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Benjamin Lopman, PhD, Epidemiological Research and Methods, LLC: Advisor/Consultant Satoshi Kamidani, MD, NIH: His institution (Emory University) receives funds from Pfizer for his work as a co-investigator on clinical trials of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.|Pfizer: His institution (Emory University) receives funds from Pfizer for his work as a co-investigator on clinical trials of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. Christina A. Rostad, MD, BioFire Inc, GSK, MedImmune, Micron, Merck, Novavax, PaxVax, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi-Pasteur.: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: Co-inventor of RSV vaccine technology licensed to Meissa Vaccines, Inc.|NIH : Grant/Research Support John M. McLaughlin, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Evan J. Anderson, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc: Data Safety Monitoring Board|MedImmune: Grant/Research Support|Medscape: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Micron: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Funding from NIH to conduct clinical trials of Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines|PaxVax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Data Adjudication and Data Safety Monitoring Boards|WCG and ACI Clinical: Data Adjudication Board."}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) incidence estimates vary between geographic regions; few studies have evaluated the impact of CDI test order frequency on estimated CDI incidence. We evaluated this impact in a sample of hospitals at two CDC Emerging Infections Program (EIP) sites.Daily surveillance was conducted for diarrhea among inpatients at 5 acute care hospitals  in EIP sites in NY  and GA  during two 10-workday periods in 2020 and 2021. Diarrhea onset, test orders, and specimen collection status were ascertained. Stools were tested by PCR/NAAT initially or after negative EIA toxin. Differences in diarrhea incidence, testing frequency, and CDI positivity across site, care locations and hospitals were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Correlates of CDI testing and positivity were assessed using modified Poisson regression. Estimates of incidence using EIP methodology at 5 hospitals was compared between sites using Mantel-Hanzel summary rate ratio.Surveillance of 38,365 patient-days (PD) identified 860 diarrhea cases from 107 patient-care locations mapped to 26 unique NHSN defined location-types. Incidence of diarrhea was 22.4/1000 PD ; with similar proportions of diarrhea being hospital-onset (66%) and CDI positive (17%) by site. Overall, 35% were tested for CDI . Percent tested varied by NHSN location type . Regression models identified location-type , laxatives use, chemotherapy, and residing in EIP catchment area predictive of testing . Adjusting for these factors, NY was 49% less likely than GA to test . Simulation of EIP methods estimated NY had a 38% lower incidence of CDI than GA .Incidence of Diarrheal Episodes (A) and Proportions Tested (B) among Hospitalized Patients, 2021 , and adjusted relative risk (solid circles) with 95% confidence intervals (whisker) of independent predictors of testing for CDI (C).After adjusting for patient characteristics , the likelihood of testing still differed between NY and GA sites; the magnitude of the differences in testing was similar to that observed in estimated CDI incidence. Testing practices likely influence surveillance data and is a consideration when comparing data across regions.Scott Fridkin, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support christopher J. Myers, MS, Infectious diseases, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Udodirim N. Onwubiko, MBBS MPH, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support William C. Dube, MPH, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Sahil Khanna, MBBS, MS, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Joann M. Zamparo, MPH, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Frederick J. Angulo, DVM PhD, Pfizer Vaccines: Employee|Pfizer Vaccines: Stocks/Bonds Ghinwa Dumyati, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) are caused by a large and diverse group of strains with differences in prevalence and associated morbidity. Over the past 20 years the C. difficile (CD) molecular epidemiology has changed as the prevalence of the epidemic strain recognized as restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) group BI or PCR-Ribotype group (RT) 027 has decreased. The objective of this study was to determine the current epidemiology of CD in the city of Chicago.tcdB) between 9/1/2021 and 10/7/2021 at 3 hospitals in the city of Chicago. Patients were classified as having healthcare-associated CDI (HA-CDI) if symptoms began >72 hours after hospital admission, community-associated CDI (CA-CDI) if symptoms began \u226472 hours prior to admission, and community-onset healthcare-associated CDI (COHA-CDI) if they had been hospitalized \u22644 weeks prior to CDI diagnosis. Available stools were cultured and recovered CD isolates underwent REA typing. Determination of CD colonization was made by review of symptoms including chronicity of symptoms, stool frequency, and response to treatment.Baseline characteristics and symptoms were compared for 81 patients who tested positive for CD by PCR  were CA-CDI, 28% (23/81) COHA-CDI, 11% (9/81) HA-CDI, and 27% (22/81) were classified as colonized. Primary CDI accounted for 66% (39/59) of the infections. Among patients with a primary CDI, 46% (18/39) of patients were classified as CA-CDI whereas COHA-CDI and HA-CDI accounted for 54% (21/39) of infections. REA group Y was the most common group strain accounting for 29% (22/75) of isolates.  REA group Y accounted for 26% (7/27) of CA-CDI compared to 0 REA group BI [p=0.06], and REA group Y accounted for 35% (7/20) of all colonized patients. There has been a marked change in the CD epidemiology within the city of Chicago since 2009 when REA group BI accounted for 61% of CDI . REA group Y  is now the most common group strain in Chicago supplanting REA group BI (RT027). REA group Y appears to be associated primarily with CA-CDI and CD colonization. A detailed genomic analysis of REA group Y is required to determine potential reservoirs of REA group Y.Mary K. Hayden, MD, Sanofi: Member, clinical adjudication panel Nicholas M. Moore, PhD, D(ABMM), Abbott Molecular: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support Amanda Harrington, PhD, Beckman Coulter, Inc.: Clinical trial data collection funded by Beckman Coulter, Inc.|bioMeriuex/BioFire: Grant/Research Support Dale N. Gerding, MD, Destiny Pharma plc.: Advisor/Consultant Stuart Johnson, M.D., Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Membership on Ferring Publication Steering Committee|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Employee|Summit Plc: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "Escherichia coli (Ec) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp). Bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics via multiple routes, including by chromosomal mutation. In this study, spontaneous resistance to TBP among Enterobacterales, including those resistant to clinically relevant antibacterials, was assessedTebipenem (TBP), an oral carbapenem in development for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and acute pyelonephritis, is active vs. uropathogens which produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) such as 8 CFU were plated on agar containing 4x or 8x the MIC and incubated for 24h. Resistance was confirmed by MIC testing (CLSI M07Ed11). Serial passages were performed with two Ec and two Kp isolates, each of which included a wild type and ESBL+ isolate, using TBP, MEM and ETP over a 14-day period. Whole genome sequencing was conducted and assembled mutant sequences were aligned vs. \u03b2-lactamase-encoding genes, porins OmpF/OmpK35, OmpC/OmpK36, and OmpK37 (Kp only) and penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) 1a, 1b, 2, and 3 and compared with parent strains.The frequency of resistance (FOR) to TBP, meropenem (MEM) and ertapenem (ETP) was assessed for Ec (n = 8), Kp (n = 9), and other Enterobacterales (n = 7). Approximately 10-9 to 5.54 \u00d7 10-5, with similar results obtained for all species and genotypes, including ESBL+ isolates and those with porin alterations. In the serial passage, MICs for each agent vs. four isolates over the 14-day period were \u223c five to seven 2x dilutions higher than baseline, resulting in similar MIC values to those observed in the FOR studies (0.12 to 2 \u00b5g/mL). Mutants isolated in the presence of TBP, MEM or ETP had similarly decreased susceptibility to each compound. In general, mutants selected during the single- and multi-step resistance studies showed alterations of OmpC in Ec and its homologue OmpK36 in Kp.FOR values for TBP, MEM and ETP at 4x to 8x the MIC ranged from < 6.87 \u00d7 10in vitro and was similar to MEM and ETP in both single-step and serial passage studies. Cross-resistance to TBP, MEM or ETP among mutants suggests common mechanisms contribute to elevated MICs, including through reduced permeability.These data suggest TBP has a low propensity for spontaneous resistance at 4x to 8x MIC Brian D. VanScoy, B.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics,: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Haley Conde, B.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics,: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS,: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica,: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC,: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited,: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma,: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceutical: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support Nicole Cotroneo, B.S., Spero Therapeutics: Employee|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Ian A. Critchley, PhD, Spero Therapeutics: Employee|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Ian A. Critchley, PhD, Spero Therapeutics: Employee|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "In hospitalized patients, nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs are the most common samples obtained for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) PCR testing. However, adding sputum is known to increase diagnostic yield, and saliva has been successfully used for viral respiratory infection diagnosis. We sought to compare RSV prevalence detected by PCR testing of NP swab alone versus NP swab plus saliva and sputum in adult patients hospitalized with acute respiratory illness (ARI).This ongoing, prospective cohort study enrolled patients aged \u226540 years hospitalized for ARI in 4 hospitals in Louisville, Kentucky (Season 1: 27 Dec 21 \u2013 1 Apr 22). NP swab, saliva, and sputum samples were obtained at enrollment or scavenged from standard-of-care specimens , and PCR tested with Luminex ARIES FluA/B/RSV platform. We produced Venn diagrams of RSV positive samples by sample type for all patients and restricted to those with all 3 sample types. RSV prevalence for NP swab alone was calculated as number of patients with RSV-positive NP swabs divided by total number of patients tested. RSV prevalence by NP swab plus saliva and sputum was calculated as number of patients with RSV-positive NP swab, saliva, or sputum samples divided by total number of patients tested.We enrolled 653 patients and collected NP swabs (100% of patients), saliva (96%), and sputum . Among all patients, 28 patients tested RSV positive , and when restricted to those with all 3 samples , 14 tested positive. The overall cohort\u2019s RSV prevalence by NP swab alone was 1.8% (12/653) and by NP swab plus saliva and/or sputum was 4.3% (28/653): 2.33 times higher with addition of saliva and sputum samples. Among patients with all 3 specimen types, the RSV prevalence increase was the same, and none were positive by NP swab only.(Left) A. Positive RSV PCR tests for 653 patients in overall cohort (Right) B. Positive RSV PCR tests for 275 patients with all 3 samples obtained.RSV was most commonly detected in saliva samples. Current standard-of-care utilizing NP swab for RSV PCR testing appears to underestimate true RSV prevalence in hospitalized adult patients with ARI by more than 2-fold.Alan Junkins, PhD, D(ABMM), Biomerieux: Advisor/Consultant Paul S. Schulz, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer Inc.: Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Paula Peyrani, MD, Pfizer, Inc: Employee|Pfizer, Inc: Employee|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Paula Peyrani, MD, Pfizer, Inc: Employee|Pfizer, Inc: Employee|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Qing Liu, M.S., Pfizer Inc.: I am a full time employee of Pfizer and hold Pfizer stocks Bradford J. Gessner, M.D., M.P.H., Pfizer Inc.: Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Elizabeth Begier, M.D., M.P.H., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "This Data from participants randomized to receive CAB + RPV LA every 4 weeks (Q4W) or 8 weeks (Q8W) in the FLAIR and ATLAS-2M studies were pooled and stratified by race . Key efficacy endpoints were the proportion of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA \u226550 copies/mL and HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at W96 (FDA Snapshot). Incidence of confirmed virologic failure , safety, and treatment satisfaction (HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version [HIVTSQs]) were also assessed.937 participants received CAB + RPV LA . Overall, 76% (n=711) of participants were White, 16% (n=149) were Black or African American, 4% (n=41) were Asian, and 4% (n=36) were Other race. The median age (range) was 39 years (19\u201383), and 23% (n=211) were female (sex at birth) (Table\u00a01). At W96, rates of virologic non-response (HIV-1 RNA \u226550 copies/mL) and suppression (HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL) with CAB + RPV LA ranged 0\u20133% and 83\u201394%, respectively, across races (Table\u00a02). Rates of CVF ranged 0\u20132% across races. Excluding injection site reactions (ISRs), drug-related Grade \u22653 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 2% (n=17/937) of participants, ranging 0\u20133% across races. Drug-related serious AEs occurred in 5 (< 1%) participants . Overall, 99% (n=8357/8453) of ISR events were Grade 1 or 2; 2% (n=20) of participants withdrew for injection-related reasons. Mean changes in HIVTSQs total scores increased from baseline to W96 across all races, ranging 0.9\u20133.0.CAB + RPV LA demonstrated high efficacy and was well tolerated, with increases in participant satisfaction reported from baseline, irrespective of race. These data support CAB + RPV LA as a complete regimen for the maintenance of virologic suppression in individuals with HIV-1.Parul Patel, MSW, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare Ltd: Employee Emilie Elliot, MD, ViiV Healthcare Ltd: Employee Ronald D\u2019Amico, D.O., MSc, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare Ltd: Employee Louise Garside, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds Jeremy Roberts, MSc, GlaxoSmithKline: Employee|GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds Joseph W. Polli, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare Ltd: Employee Moti Ramgopal, MD, FACP, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences Inc.: Honoraria|Gilead Sciences Inc.: Stocks/Bonds|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria|GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Grant/Research Support|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Honoraria|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria|Merck: Stocks/Bonds|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Princy N. Kumar, MD, American Gene Technologies: Grant/Research Support|BioHaven: Grant/Research Support|Eli Lilly: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Stocks/Bonds|GSK: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Stocks/Bonds|Johnson&Johnson: Advisor/Consultant|Johnson&Johnson: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Stocks/Bonds|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|TheraTechnologies: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant Olayemi Osiyemi, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|gsk: Advisor/Consultant|viiv: Advisor/Consultant Bryan Baugh, MD, Janssen Research & Development LLC: Employee|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Stocks/Bonds Jean A. van Wyk, MB,ChB; MFPM, ViiV Healthcare Limited: I am an employee of ViiV Healthcare|ViiV Healthcare Limited: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Tasa Weso\u0142owska, 1981 is a small chrysilline genus distributed in East Asia, with two currently known species: T.davidi  and T.nipponica Bohdanowicz & Pr\u00f3szy\u0144ski, 1987, both species having been recorded in China.Tasakoreana  comb. rev. is re-validated, based on the characteristics of the copulatory organs of both sexes. A re-description and diagnostic photographs are also provided.The combination  Tasakoreana  has a complicated taxonomic history and even now, its female is still misplaced in another genus, Nepalicius Pr\u00f3szy\u0144ski, 2016, under the name N.koreanus .The jumping spider species Pseudiciuskoreanus Weso\u0142owska, 1981. Then, its female was reported in Japan and the species was transferred to the genus Icius Simon, 1876 by Iciuskoreanus  and both reports described its newly-discovered male: Pseudiciustokarensis  by Iciuskoreanus in Pseudiciuskoreanus, both females and males being reported at the same time, but without exception, the males in these reports all followed Pseudiciuskoreanus, based on both female and male specimens, but the male was misidentified and belonged P.tokarensis. Pseudiciuskoreanus with the male Tasanipponica Bohdanowicz & Pr\u00f3szy\u0144ski, 1987 and established a new combination Tasakoreana , based on sequencing data of the mitochondrial COI gene and somatic patterns. In the specimens they examined, multiple pairs of males and females were collected at the same time, which undoubtedly provided evidence for this combination. Tasakoreana to T.nipponica and removed the female into a newly-established genus Nepalicius Pr\u00f3szy\u0144ski, 2016, named as N.koreanus .Initially, this species was established by Tasanipponica and the female with Pseudiciuskoreanus, which is consistent with Tasakoreanus  and re-described this species.In a field investigation, we collected a pair of jumping spiders and, after identification, we found that the male matches with All measurements are given in millimetres (mm). Leg measurements are shown as total length (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus). The epigyne was removed and cleared in a pancreatin solution . All speThe following abbreviations are used in the description: AERW\u2014anterior eye row width; ALE\u2014anterior lateral eyes; AME\u2014anterior median eye; EFL\u2014eye field length; PERW\u2014posterior eye row width; PLE\u2014posterior lateral eye; PME\u2014posterior median eye; RTA\u2014retrolateral tibial apophysis. Abbreviations used in the leg spination: d\u2014dorsal; dt\u2014dorsal terminal; pv\u2014proventral; rv\u2014retroventral; vt\u2014ventral terminal., comb. rev.C8E8B0B7-8735-5497-88DF-CDB4A7678859PseudiciuskoreanusIciuskoreanus Xiao, 1993); Iciuskoreanus Xiao, 1993); P.tokaraensis); Iciuskoreanus Xiao, 1993); Iciuskoreanus Xiao, 1993). Weso\u0142owska, 1981, see IciuskoreanusPseudicius); P.tokaraensis);  , see TasanipponicaTasakoreana, rejected here);  Bohdanowicz & Pr\u00f3szy\u0144ski, 1987, see Pseudiciustokaraensis  - TasakoreanaPseudiciuskoreanus; male transferred from Tasanipponica). Suguro & Yahata, 2014, see Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Chi Ji; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Tasakoreanus ; namePublishedIn: Suguro, T. and Yahata, K. 2014. Acta Arachnologica, 63(2): 94.; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Salticidae; genus: Tasa; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CN; stateProvince: Hebei; county: Hanshan District; municipality: Handan; locality: Fuyang Park; verbatimElevation: 53 m; verbatimLatitude: 36.5927\u00b0N; verbatimLongitude: 114.5102\u00b0E; Identification: identifiedBy: Chi Jin; Event: samplingProtocol: by hand; year: 2019; month: 6; day: 1; habitat: tree trunkType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Chi Ji; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Tasakoreanus ; namePublishedIn: Suguro, T. and Yahata, K. 2014. Acta Arachnologica, 63(2): 94.; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Salticidae; genus: Tasa; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CN; stateProvince: Hebei; county: Hanshan District; municipality: Handan; locality: Fuyang Park; verbatimElevation: 53 m; verbatimLatitude: 36.5927\u00b0N; verbatimLongitude: 114.5102\u00b0E; Identification: identifiedBy: Chi Jin; Event: samplingProtocol: by hand; year: 2019; month: 6; day: 1; habitat: tree trunkMale Fig. A. Total Carapace dark brown, elongate and flat, nearly rectangular; dorsal surface covered with dense white hairs Fig. A; lateraPalp Fig. A\u2013E. BulbFemale Fig. B\u2013F. TotaCarapace with dark brown thorax, bright brown lateral sides and black eye field; almost entirely covered with dense white hairs, but hairless at junction of dorsal and lateral surface Fig. D. ChelicEpigyne Fig. D: copulaTasadavidi (Schenkel 1963), but can be distinguished from it by: 1) the two branches of RTA nearly equal in length, whereas the ventral branch is much shorter than the dorsal one in T.davidi , Japan, Korea.Habitat on tree trunks or branches.T.davidi, the type species of the genus Tasa, justifying its transfer to Tasa. Additionally, the stubby embolus of the male (sub T.nipponica) corresponds with the large copulatory openings and stout copulatory ducts of its female (sub P.koreanus)  clearly does not correspond with the large copulatory openings and stout copulatory ducts of its so-called female (sub P.koreanus)  Figs , 4. Rela"}
{"text": "We have previously shown that the association between frequent cannabis use and psychosis is more likely in subgroups with low-grade inflammation than subgroups without (PMID: 33736715). The role of immune-related polymorphisms remains unknown.ENTPD1 and NT5E, involved in the synthesis of CD39, CD73, respectively, and anti-inflammatory adenosine; CTLA4 and FOXP1, essential for Treg functional capacity.To explore whether polymorphisms affecting the function of key immune regulatory proteins moderate the association between cannabis and psychosis, namely: ENTPD1: rs3814159, rs3176891, rs10748643; NT5E: rs9444348, rs2295890; CTLA4: rs3087243, rs231775, rs5742909, rs4553808; FOXP1: rs6803008, rs6786408, rs830599; Illumina Human Core Exome-24). Cannabis frequency  was assessed by self-report (Cannabis Experience Questionnaire). Binary logistic regression models  included case status as the outcome, genotype (dominant model), cannabis frequency, and an interaction term between the two as exposure, adjusting for confounders .We genotyped blood samples from 283 community-based controls and 140 recent-onset psychosis patients in Brazil  for twelve polymorphisms (ENTPD1 (rs3814159), NT5E (rs9444348), and FOXP1 (rs6786408). Less than daily or daily use were, in a dose-response fashion, only associated with psychosis in those with the variant and heterozygous genotypes; less than daily: ENTPD1 AG/GG ; NT5E AG/AA ; FOXP1 AC/CC ; daily: ENTPD1 AG/GG ; NT5E AG/AA ; FOXP1 AC/CC .We found significant interactions between cannabis use and polymorphisms for Variation in genes that affect Treg function appears to modify the effect of cannabis consumption on psychosis in keeping with Treg hypofunction hypothesis (PMID:33713699).No significant relationships."}
{"text": "An ASP is mandated for all hospitals and requires extensive resources with multidisciplinary collaboration. We measured the impact of implementing real-time decision support software (ILUM Insight) within our ASP.Our ASP has relied on prior authorization since 2002 and focused audit and feedback since 2015. In August 2021 we implemented to bring actionable data to front-line stewards. ILUM provides real-time notifications, organizes communications, and tracks patient-and provider-level data. We hypothesized that ILUM would increase the efficiency of ASP workflow and result in decreased antimicrobial utilization. We compared data 6 months before (8/20 \u2013 1/21) and after (8/21 \u2013 1/22) implementation. There were no significant staffing changes during either period.Fig 1. With increased ILUM usage, the number of interventions made by our ASP increased while missed opportunities decreased . During the same time period, ASP communications rose from 205 to 1200 per month. Comparing pre- and post-implementation periods, antimicrobial days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 patient days (PD) decreased by 14.5% from a median of 969 to 846 per month . Antimicrobial expenditures were decreased by a median 21% per month during the post-intervention period compared to baseline. Among patients prescribed antimicrobials during an index admission, 30-day re-admissions decreased from 330 to 262 and re-admissions associated with re-ordering of antimicrobials decreased from 235 to 182 .Existing notifications within ILUM were tailored to local practices, including alerts with intervention for positive blood cultures, antibiotic de-escalation, and bug-drug mismatches. New notifications were built for restricted antimicrobials, antibiotic timeouts, and MRSA screening. ASP pharmacists and physicians received training in July and November, respectively. A breakdown of all notifications received during the post-implementation period is provided in Custom-designed, task-specific software improves the efficiency of daily ASP workflow and significantly decreased antimicrobial utilization without the need for additional ASP team members.Ryan K. Shields, PharmD, MS, Infectious Disease Connect: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Grant/Research Support J Ryan Bariola, MD, Infectious Disease Connect: Salary support|Merck: Grant/Research Support Caley Yakemowicz, n/a, Infectious Disease Connect: Employee Courtney Simonick, n/a, Infectious Disease Connect: Stocks/Bonds Riaan Erwee, na, Infectious Disease Connect: Employee Erin K. McCreary, PharmD, Infectious Disease Connect: Advisor/Consultant Rima Abdel-Massih, MD, Infectious Disease Connect: Co founder and Chief Medical Officer|Infectious Disease Connect: Ownership Interest."}
{"text": "Desirability of outcome ranking (DOOR) uses an ordinal ranking system to evaluate global outcomes in clinical trial participants by incorporating safety and efficacy assessments into a single endpoint. In this study, we developed and applied a DOOR endpoint for cIAI clinical trials.We reviewed 10 Phase 3 noninferiority trials for cIAI with electronic patient-level data (n=5473 participants) submitted to the FDA between 2005-2021. Extending previous work [CID. 2019:68(10):1691-8)], we developed an expanded cIAI-specific DOOR endpoint based on clinically meaningful events captured in trial datasets and those that were unique to patients with cIAI. Using this DOOR endpoint, we assigned each participant a DOOR rank, estimated the probability that a participant in the study treatment arm in each trial would have a more desirable DOOR rank than if assigned to the comparator arm, and analyzed individual components of clinical experience in each trial.Based on analysis of available data, we noted heterogeneity in definitions of \u201cindeterminate\u201d clinical outcomes, and significant diversity and increased incidence of infectious complications (ICs), serious adverse events (SAEs), and surgical/percutaneous procedures in participants without clinical cure. These informed the expansion of the DOOR endpoint for cIAI to include clinical efficacy outcomes, ICs, SAEs, and additional procedures (Table\u00a01). The DOOR distributions between treatment and comparator arms in all 10 trials were similar. DOOR probability estimates for the 10 trials ranged from 44.5% to 50.3% but were not nominally statistically significant. Component analyses in two trials showed that the study treatment was nominally statistically inferior to the comparator with regard to SAEs and clinical failure, respectively .Trial 1 has no significant differences between the treatment arms in the component analysis (A). The study treatment arm was shown to be nominally statistically inferior for SAEs in Trial 2 (B) and for clinical failure in Trial 3 (C).We developed a cIAI-specific DOOR endpoint to better elucidate the events that participants experienced in these trials. The component analysis allowed more nuanced evaluation of the factors that contributed to the composite DOOR probability estimate and provided a visual display of the risk-benefit assessment of a study treatment vs. the comparator. Our study was limited by its retrospective approach and trial design heterogeneity.Deborah Collyar, B.Sci, Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Kinnate Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant|M2GEN: Advisor/Consultant|Maxis Clinical Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Parexel: Honoraria|Pfizer: Honoraria|Roundtable Analytics, Inc.: Ownership Interest Sarah B. Doernberg, MD, MAS, Basilea: Clincal events committee|Genentech: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Shinogi: Clincal events committee Scott R. Evans, Ph.D., M.S., Abbvie: DSMB|Akouos: DSMB|Apellis: DSMB|AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Atricure: Advisor/Consultant|Becton Dickenson: Advisor/Consultant|Breast International Group: DSMB|Candel: DSMB|ChemoCentrix: Advisor/Consultant|Clover: DSMB|DayOneBio: DSMB|DeGruyter: Editor|Duke University: DSMB|Endologix: Advisor/Consultant|FHI Clinical: DSMB|Genentech: Advisor/Consultant|Horizon: Advisor/Consultant|International Drug Development Institute: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Lung Biotech: DSMB|Neovasc: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Nobel Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Nuvelution: DSMB|Pfizer: DSMB|Rakuten: DSMB|Roche: DSMB|Roivant: Advisor/Consultant|SAB Biopharm: DSMB|SVB Leerink: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: DSMB|Taylor & Francis: Book royalties|Teva: DSMB|Tracon: DSMB|University of Penn: DSMB|Vir: DSMB Thomas L. Holland, MD, Aridis: Advisor/Consultant|Lysovant: Advisor/Consultant Henry Chambers, MD, Merck: DSMB member|Merck: Stocks/Bonds|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds Vance G. Fowler, Jr, MD, MHS, Affinergy: Grant/Research Support|Affinergy: Honoraria|Affinium: Honoraria|Amphliphi Biosciences: Honoraria|ArcBio: Stocks/Bonds|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Honoraria|Bayer: Honoraria|C3J: Honoraria|Cerexa/Forest/Actavis/Allergan: Grant/Research Support|Contrafect: Grant/Research Support|Contrafect: Honoraria|Cubist/Merck: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm: Grant/Research Support|Deep Blue: Grant/Research Support|Destiny: Honoraria|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Honoraria|Integrated Biotherapeutics: Honoraria|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Honoraria|Karius: Grant/Research Support|Medicines Co.: Honoraria|MedImmune: Grant/Research Support|MedImmune: Honoraria|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Honoraria|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Honoraria|Sepsis diagnostics: Sepsis diagnostics patent pending|UpToDate: Royalties|Valanbio: Stocks/Bonds Sumathi Nambiar, MD MPH, Johnson and Johnson: Stocks/Bonds Helen W. Boucher, MD, American Society of Microbiology: Honoraria|Elsevier: Honoraria|Sanford Guide: Honoraria."}
{"text": "The epidemiology of antibiotic-resistant pathogens guides antimicrobial therapy for bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI). We describe changes in antimicrobial-resistant BSI pathogens over time within the US Military Health System (MHS), which prospectively captures clinical and microbiological data from both retired and active-duty US Uniformed service members and their beneficiaries.in vitro resistance to three classes of antibiotics: carbapenems, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, and fluoroquinolones.The study population included MHS beneficiaries with blood cultures positive for any bacterial pathogens (Jan 2010 \u2013 Dec 2019). Microbiological data were obtained from the Navy and Marine Corps Public Health Center and antibiotic resistance was interpreted using CLSI breakpoints corresponding to collection year. Blood contaminants were excluded. Difficult to treat resistance (DTR) was defined in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) as isolates with Streptococcus/Enterococcus spp. (33%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), and non-lactose fermenting GNB . The rate of LFGNB BSI increased from 7.57 per 100,000 beneficiaries in 2010 to 8.42 in 2019 (peak of 8.83 in 2016), resulting in an increase of 11.3% during the study period . Rates of BSI attributed to Streptococcus/Enterococcus spp., S. aureus, and NLGNB decreased 26%, 29%, and 45%, respectively, over the study period. The average annual rates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp., and DTR GNB BSI were 1.30, 0.25, and 0.05 per 100,000 beneficiaries, respectively. Over the study period, these rates decreased 58.3%, 72.4% and 24.2%, respectively.The 15 most frequent bacterial pathogens, representing 15,358 BSI episodes from 12,749 individuals, were subcategorized in four groups based on shared BSI clinical features. Lactose-fermenting GNB (LFGNB) were most common, accounting for 42% of BSI pathogens, following by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp.) decreased. The burden of DTR GNB BSI also decreased, indicating that first-line antibiotics remain clinically available for most patients with BSI.LFGNB BSI numerically increased over time while NLGNB BSI (e.g., John H. Powers, III, MD, Arrevus: Advisor/Consultant|Eicos: Advisor/Consultant|Evofem: Advisor/Consultant|Eyecheck: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|OPKO: Advisor/Consultant|Resolve: Advisor/Consultant|Romark: Advisor/Consultant|SpineBioPharma: Advisor/Consultant|UTIlity: Advisor/Consultant|Vir: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "The combination of CZA-ATM is frequently used to treat patients with metallo-\u03b2-lactamase (MBL)-producing Enterobacterales (EB) infections, but its safety has not been established in controlled trials. This phase 1 study evaluated the safety of the optimal CZA-ATM regimens identified in the hollow fiber infection model of MBL-producing EB (PMID: 32464664).Table\u00a01). Study safety was monitored by assessments of adverse events (AEs), vital signs, and clinical laboratory safety tests.The phase I, open-label, single center study enrolled healthy adults aged 18-45 years (NCT03978091). Subjects were sequentially assigned to 1 of 6 Cohorts and administered investigational product(s) (IP) for 7 days . The most common IP related investigation AEs were ALT/AST elevations (35%) with 94% occurring in subjects who received ATM alone or in combination. The incidence of ALT/AST elevation AEs in the combination Cohorts were comparable to the ATM alone Cohorts. In the ATM single IP Cohorts, 3 subjects experienced severe ALT/AST elevation AEs, which halted the study. All subjects who experienced ALT/AST elevations were asymptomatic, had no other clinical findings suggestive of liver injury, and all resolved without intervention. Most other IP related AEs were of mild severity and similar across Cohorts except prolonged prothrombin time (PT) AEs, which was more frequent in combination Cohorts.Of 48 subjects enrolled, 50% were female and 60% were Black. The mean (SD) age was 33.5 (6.2) years and mean (SD) weight was 75.7 (12.1) kg. The number of subjects who had \u2265 1 AE and experienced \u2265 1 IP related AE was 46 (96%) and 41 (85%), respectively. Frequency of IP related AEs by MedDRA system organ class, severity, and Cohort are shown in Clinicians should only consider using CZA-ATM when the benefits outweigh the risks. If CZA-ATM is prescribed, clinicians are advised to monitor for hepatic injury. Close monitoring of coagulation parameters may also be prudent with CZA-ATM. Future comparator-controlled randomized clinical trials are required to better define the safety and efficacy of the CZA-ATM regimens.Thomas Lodise, Jr., Pharm.D., PhD, BioFire Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|cidara: Advisor/Consultant|cidara: Honoraria|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Spero: Advisor/Consultant|Venatrox: Advisor/Consultant J Nicholas O'Donnell, Pharm.D., Merck & Co, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support Stephen Balevic, MD, Purdue Pharma: Grant/Research Support|UCB: Advisor/Consultant Jeffrey Guptill, MD, argenx: Stocks/Bonds Vance G. Fowler, Jr, MD, MHS, Affinergy: Grant/Research Support|Affinergy: Honoraria|Affinium: Honoraria|Amphliphi Biosciences: Honoraria|ArcBio: Stocks/Bonds|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Basilea: Honoraria|Bayer: Honoraria|C3J: Honoraria|Cerexa/Forest/Actavis/Allergan: Grant/Research Support|Contrafect: Grant/Research Support|Contrafect: Honoraria|Cubist/Merck: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm: Grant/Research Support|Deep Blue: Grant/Research Support|Destiny: Honoraria|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Honoraria|Integrated Biotherapeutics: Honoraria|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Honoraria|Karius: Grant/Research Support|Medicines Co.: Honoraria|MedImmune: Grant/Research Support|MedImmune: Honoraria|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Honoraria|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Honoraria|Sepsis diagnostics: Sepsis diagnostics patent pending|UpToDate: Royalties|Valanbio: Stocks/Bonds henry chambers, MD, Merck: DSMB member|Merck: Stocks/Bonds|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "In vitro-in vivo discordance in the activity of \u03b2-lactams against MBL-producing Enterobacterales has been described. This discordance is likely attributed to the supra-physiologic zinc level in the in vitro testing media, which facilitates the bicyclic \u03b2-lactam ring hydrolysis. In this study, we compared the outcome of empirical non-MBL-active \u03b2-lactam therapy (carbapenems and ceftazidime/avibactam) and MBL-active \u03b2-lactam therapy (ceftazidime/avibactam plus aztreonam) among patients with bloodstream infections due to NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Validation of the efficacy of carbapenem in a murine septicemia model was conducted. In vitro susceptibility testing conditions were altered to better predict the in vivo outcome.A retrospective observational study of patients admitted to hospitals in Italy. The primary outcome was 14-day all-cause mortality. Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate primary outcome. Kaplan Meier survival and log-rank test were used to compare 14-day mortality between patient\u2019s cohorts. Septicemia was induced in mice via intraperitoneal inoculation with the isolates retrieved from the patients then clinical exposure of meropenem  was given for 2 days. Survival was recorded for 4 days and compared with sham controls. Unbound zinc levels were measured in human and infected mice plasma. MEM MICs were determined in Mueller Hinton Broth (MHB) and MHB adjusted to the physiologic zinc levels.Of the patients identified, 29 received empirical non-MBL-active \u03b2-lactams for median duration 4 days while 29 received MBL-active \u03b2-lactams. The 14-day mortality rate was 21% in the non-MBL-active group vs 14% in the MBL-active group (P = 0.73) and survival patterns were not significantly different . Cox regression showed that use of non-MBL-active therapy was not associated with significantly increased 14-day mortality . MEM treatment resulted in protection from mortality in mice . MEM MICs in zinc-adjusted MHB were 1- to > 16-fold lowered relative to MICs in MHB ( \u2265 64 mg/L).Our data provide foundational support to help establish PK/PD relationships using MICs derived in physiologic zinc levels which may better predict \u03b2-lactam therapy outcome.Kamilia Abdelraouf, PhD, Evopoint Biosciences Co., Ltd: Grant/Research Support|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support Christian M. Gill, PharmD, Everest Medicines, Shionogi, Cepheid: Grant/Research Support Matthew Gethers, PhD, Thermo Fisher: Employee Marco Falcone, MD, PhD, GILEAD: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Honoraria|MENARINI: Advisor/Consultant|MENARINI: Grant/Research Support|MSD: Honoraria|PFIZER: Honoraria|SHIONOGI: Grant/Research Support Francesco Menichetti, n/a, Aneglini: Advisor/Consultant|Aneglini: Board Member|Aneglini: Grant/Research Support|Aneglini: Honoraria|Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Honoraria|Becton: Advisor/Consultant|Becton: Honoraria|bioM\u00e9rieux: Advisor/Consultant|bioM\u00e9rieux: Honoraria|Biotest: Advisor/Consultant|Biotest: Board Member|Biotest: Honoraria|Bristol-Myers Squibb: Advisor/Consultant|Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria|Correvio: Advisor/Consultant|Correvio: Speaker honoraria|Dickinson: Advisor/Consultant|Dickinson: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Speaker honoraria|Nordic pharma: Board Member|Nordic pharma: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Honoraria|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Honoraria David P. Nicolau, PharmD, Shionogi: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and hospitalization in infants. In two global pivotal placebo-controlled studies, nirsevimab, a monoclonal antibody to the RSV prefusion (F) protein with extended half-life, reduced medically attended (MA) RSV LRTI versus placebo throughout the RSV season (MELODY (Primary Cohort)/Study 3 (Proposed Dose) Pool, 79.5% efficacy). Here we summarize resistance analyses of all RT-PCR-confirmed RSV isolates from healthy term and preterm infants through 150 days post dose.Infants were randomized 2:1 to receive one intramuscular injection of nirsevimab or placebo, prior to their first RSV season. RT-PCR-confirmed RSV isolates were reflexed for genotypic analyses of RSV F and phenotypic analyses of identified substitutions in a recombinant RSV neutralization susceptibility assay.In the pooled proposed dose analysis of Study 3 (50 mg nirsevimab if < 5 kg at dosing) and MELODY , no subject with MA RSV LRTI had an RSV isolate containing nirsevimab resistance-associated substitutions in either treatment group . In Study 3 (50 mg nirsevimab if \u22655 kg at dosing), 2/18 subjects in the nirsevimab group and 0/20 subjects in the placebo group with MA RSV LRTI had an RSV isolate harbouring nirsevimab binding site substitutions I64T+K68E+I206M+Q209R (>447-fold) or N208S (>387-fold) that conferred reduced susceptibility to nirsevimab neutralization . Subjects with RSV isolates harboring F protein sequence variations that maintained susceptibility to nirsevimab neutralization were balanced between treatment groups with no association with RSV disease severity. No subjects with non-protocol defined MA RSV LRTI cases or hospitalization due to any RSV respiratory illness had an RSV isolate conferring nirsevimab resistance.Lack of nirsevimab resistance following immunization at the proposed dose supports efficacy and neutralization activity of nirsevimab against both RSV A and B strains throughout the RSV season.Michael E. Abram, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Bahar Ahani, BSC, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds David E. Tabor, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Fiona Fernandes, PhD, AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Deidre Wilkins, BSC, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Anastasia A. Aksyuk, PhD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Kevin M. Tuffy, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Hong Ji, BSc, AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Christine Blaze, BSc, AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Tyler Brady, MS, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Pamela Griffin, MD, AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Amanda Leach, MD, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Tonya L. Villafana, PhD, MPH, AstraZeneca: Employee|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds Mark T. Esser, PhD, AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Details of correction: correct grant no. in acknowledgementExisting text: \u201cThe Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, has funded this Project Under grant no (G: 683-253-3443).\u201dCorrected text should read: \u201cThe Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, has funded this Project Under grant no (G: 683-253-1443).\u201d"}
{"text": "Symptoms during acute COVID-19 can limit daily activities and delay return to work and school. Little is known about the association between SARS-CoV-2 burden in either the upper airway or plasma and the duration of COVID-19 symptoms.ACTIV-2/A5401 is a platform trial for COVID-19 treatments in non-hospitalized symptomatic adults enrolled within 10 days of symptom onset. We included participants randomized to placebo from August 2020 to July 2021. Participants self-reported severity of 13 symptoms daily from day 0 (baseline) to 28 as Absent 0, Mild 1, Moderate 2, Severe 3; total symptom score was calculated as the sum of all scores. Anterior nasal (AN) and plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels at day 0 were measured with a quantitative qPCR assay. The relationship between day 0 RNA and time to symptom improvement or resolution  was evaluated using proportional hazards regression adjusted for time from symptom onset. Time to resolution of distinct symptoms was also assessed.10 copies/ml  and plasma RNA was detectable in 19% (91/476). Detectable plasma RNA at day 0, but not AN RNA, was associated with more severe symptoms at day 0 . Both high AN  and detectable plasma RNA  at day 0 predicted delayed symptom improvement. High AN RNA at day 0 also predicted a delay in symptom resolution . Both high AN RNA and detectable plasma RNA levels predicted delays in the resolution of cough and shortness of breath. Detectable plasma RNA also predicted delayed body pain resolution.Among 570 participants randomized to placebo, median age was 48 years, 51% were female, and median time since symptom onset at baseline was 6 days; 7% had prior COVID-19 vaccination. At day 0, AN RNA was detectable in 80% with a median of 4.1 logCOVID-19 outpatients with high AN or detectable plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA at day 0 are more likely to have prolonged symptoms, particularly respiratory symptoms. Additional studies are needed to determine whether the decline in viral load with early treatment impacts symptom duration.Kara W. Chew, M.D., M.S., Merck Sharp & Dohme: Grant/Research Support|Pardes Bioscences: Advisor/Consultant Joseph J. Eron, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant Eric S. Daar, M.D., Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support David A. Wohl, M.D., Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Lilly: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Judith S. Currier, M.D., MSc, Merck: Advisor/Consultant Davey M. Smith, M.D., M.A.S., Arena Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Bayer Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Brio Clinical.: Advisor/Consultant|Fluxergy: Advisor/Consultant|Kiadis: Advisor/Consultant|Linear Therapies: Advisor/Consultant|Matrix BioMed: Advisor/Consultant|Model Medicines: Advisor/Consultant|Signant Health: Advisor/Consultant|VxBiosciences: Advisor/Consultant Jonathan Z. Li, MD, MMSc, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "SUL-DUR is a \u03b2-lactam/\u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combination in development for the treatment of ABC infections, which are often severe and associated with substantial mortality. PPK, PTA, and clinical PK/PD analyses were conducted using all available PK and efficacy data to support SUL-DUR dose selection.PPK analyses were performed using PK data from 373 subjects, including 110 patients who received SUL-DUR and underwent PK sampling in the pivotal Phase 3 (ATTACK) trial. SUL-DUR concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) from healthy subjects were utilized to predict SUL-DUR ELF concentrations in Phase 3 patients. Covariate analyses evaluated the impact of demographic factors on PK exposures. The PPK model, non-clinical PK/PD data, and in vitro surveillance data were used to assess the PTA by MIC in simulated patients with ABC infections. Clinical PK/PD relationships were assessed using dichotomous and time-to-event efficacy endpoints from the ATTACK trial.10. No relationships were observed between PK/PD indices and efficacy endpoints, consistent with most patients achieving SUL and DUR exposures above nonclinical PK/PD targets for efficacy.Two-compartment models with linear kinetics best characterized SUL and DUR PK. Consistent with high renal clearance of SUL-DUR, dose adjustments are needed in patients with renal impairment or augmented renal function. Body weight, site of infection, and East Asian region  were statistically significant covariates in the PPK analysis but were not clinically relevant. No other statistical or clinically relevant covariates were identified. As shown in Figures A and B for plasma and ELF, respectively, the PTA was \u2265 90% for pathogens with an MIC \u2264 4 \u00b5g/mL across renal function categories in simulated patients, using PK/PD targets associated with a 1-log killPercent PTA by MIC on Day 1 based on the assessment of sulbactam %T>MIC \u2265 50% and durlobactam AUC:MIC ratio \u2265 10 targets and free-drug plasma (A) and total-drug ELF (B) exposures among simulated patients by CLcr group after administration of sulbactam 1 g/ durlobactam 1 g IV q6h and dosing regimens adjusted for renal impairment and augmented renal functionThe simulated plasma and ELF exposures yielded a high PTA, which when combined with the favorable efficacy and safety findings from ATTACK (abstract #1266378), support a dose of 1.0 g sulbactam/1.0 g durlobactam via a 3-hour infusion, every 6 hours in patients with normal renal function and renal function-based dose adjustments.Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Bravos Biosciences: Ownership Interest|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|ICPD Biosciences, LLC.: Ownership Interest|ICPD Holdings: Ownership Interest|ICPD Technologies: Ownership Interest|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Bravos Biosciences: Ownership Interest|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|ICPD Biosciences, LLC.: Ownership Interest|ICPD Holdings: Ownership Interest|ICPD Technologies: Ownership Interest|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Bravos Biosciences: Ownership Interest|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|ICPD Biosciences, LLC.: Ownership Interest|ICPD Holdings: Ownership Interest|ICPD Technologies: Ownership Interest|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Christopher M. Rubino, PharmD, Adagio Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Bravos Biosciences: Ownership Interest|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|ICPD Biosciences, LLC.: Ownership Interest|ICPD Holdings: Ownership Interest|ICPD Technologies: Ownership Interest|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Jeffrey P. Hammel, MS, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Anthony P. Cammarata, M.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Kajal Larson, PhD, Entasis Therapeutics: Employee Kathryn Liolios, MA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Sarah McLeod, PhD, Entasis Therapeutics: Employee Alita Miller, PhD, Entasis Therapeutics: Employee Paul G. Ambrose, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Bravos Biosciences: Ownership Interest|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|ICPD Biosciences, LLC.: Ownership Interest|ICPD Holdings: Ownership Interest|ICPD Technologies: Ownership Interest|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Ruben Tommasi, PhD, Entasis Therapeutics: Employee John O'Donnell, B.S, Entasis Therapeutics: Employee"}
{"text": "Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) is an effective live-virus vaccine against measles virus (MeV). However, use of MMR is limited by its inability to boost MeV immunity, lack of immunogenicity in infants, and contraindication in pregnant and immunocompromised persons.We evaluated a novel recombinant dimeric MeV hemagglutinin protein vaccine (rMeV) in a rhesus macaque model. Sixteen macaques were primed at day 0 and boosted at day 42 by experimental group: 1) MMR x2; 2) rMeV x2; 3) MMR prime/rMeV boost; 4) control; n=4. Macaques were challenged intratracheally with Bilthoven strain wild type MeV 8 months later. Blood, bone marrow (BM), and lymph node (LN) samples were collected over 3\u201328 days after challenge. Replication-competent MeV was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), BM cells, and LN cells by infectious assay; MeV RNA in PBMC and BM cells was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Plasma was evaluated for MeV-specific IgG and plaque reduction neutralization titer (PRNT).Six months after vaccination, mean PRNT was 2,432 in rMeV x2 (standard deviation (SD) 3,840), 3,584 in MMR-prime/rMeV boost  and 5,120 in MMR x2 groups . Upon infectious challenge, macaques who received any MeV-containing vaccine developed no clinical signs of measles and had no detectable infectious virus in PBMC, BM cells, or LN cells. All unvaccinated macaques had virus in PBMC that peaked at day 7  and resolved by day 14 post challenge, and one macaque developed an extensive rash. Macaques who received any MeV-containing vaccine had no detectable MeV RNA in PBMC or BM cells, whereas all unvaccinated macaques had detectable MeV RNA that peaked at day 7  in PBMC. In all experimental groups, MeV-specific IgG titers increased after MeV challenge.Macaques who received rMeV and/or MMR were protected from rash, viremia, and detection of MeV RNA in PBMC and BM cells, unlike unvaccinated macaques. These data suggest that rMeV vaccine generates protective immune responses against measles and may be a novel candidate for future measles vaccine strategies. Study of cellular responses after rMeV vaccination and MeV challenge is warranted.Jessica Rubens, MD, Mevox: Grant/Research Support Guillaume Stewart-Jones, PhD, Moderna: Inventor of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine sequences|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds Michael Watson, MD, MEVOX Ltd: Board Member|MEVOX Ltd: Ownership Interest|MEVOX Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Barney S. Graham, MD, PhD, BSG: BSG is an inventor on patents for the stabilization of the RSV F protein .|National Institutes of Health: Inventor on patents for RSV vaccines|National Institutes of Health: inventor on patents for measles and other paramyxovirus vaccines Diane Griffin, MD PhD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GreenLight Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|MeVox: Grant/Research Support|Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a fungal disease with significant global morbidity and mortality. There are multiple new therapies being developed to improve the current regimens involving amphotericin B, flucytosine, and fluconazole. ATI-2307 is a novel arylamidine which inhibits mitochondrial function in yeasts. We tested ATI-2307 in a rabbit model of CM and evaluated its efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics (PK-PD).Immune suppressed rabbits were infected with Cryptococcus neoformans. Starting two days after the infection, they were treated with ATI-2307 , amphotericin B (1 mg/kg), fluconazole (80 mg/kg), a combination of ATI-2307 (1 mg/kg) and fluconazole (80 mg/kg), or they were untreated. ATI-2307 was given daily subcutaneously. Fungal burden and drug levels were quantified in the CSF during the infection and in the brain tissue at study termination, day 4, 10, or 14 post infection. Drug pharmacokinetics in the blood were examined on day 8 post infection. Drug pharmacokinetics in the CSF and brain tissue were examined at day 4 post infection.Daily dosing with ATI-2307 reduced the yeast burden in both the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue compared to controls. Furthermore, when combined with fluconazole, ATI-2307 reduced the CSF fungal burden below the limit of detection. In fact, we observed a large reduction in fungal burden relative to untreated controls with only three doses, which was sustained for 1 week after the cessation of dosing. The kinetics of ATI-2307 indicated that the drug has a long gamma phase in both blood and CSF. In addition, our analysis of the drug levels in the brain tissue indicated that it dramatically accumulated in the meninges, which may then serve as a site of sustained release.Efficacy of ATI-2307 on CSF Fungal Burden and Distribution of ATI-2307 in Brain TissueATI-2307 was dosed daily starting at day 2 post infection through the study endpoint, day 10 or 14 post infection, with the exception of the 2 mg/kg, 3 dose group, which only received doses on days 2, 3, and 4 post infection.Taken together, these data provide evidence for ATI-2307 as a promising therapy for CM and it may require fewer doses than existing treatments and provide additive anticryptococcal activity with azole treatment.Charles D. Giamberardino, Jr., MR, Affimed NV: Stocks/Bonds|Appili Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Interventional Analgesix Inc: Grant/Research Support|Minnetronix: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Quoin Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds|Sfunga: Grant/Research Support Jennifer L. Tenor, PhD, Appili: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Dena Toffaletti, PhD, Appili Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Pfizzer: Grant/Research Support Don Cilla, Pharm.D., M.B.A., Appili Therapeutics: Employee|Appili Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds William Hope, OBE , Antabio: Grant/Research Support|Appili Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|BioVersys: Grant/Research Support|Bugworks: Grant/Research Support|Centauri: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|NAEJA-RGM Pharmaceuticals Inc: Advisor/Consultant|NAEJA-RGM Pharmaceuticals Inc: Grant/Research Support|National Institute of Health Research (NIHR).: Co-lead for Infectious Diseases|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Phico Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Specialist Advisory Committee for GARDP: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|The Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP): Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Advisor/Consultant John R. Perfect, MD, Appili Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Appili Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Matinas: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "CRE isolates are considered a threat to human health. Until recently, the treatment options for CRE were limited. New BL/BLIs, such as ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI), meropenem-vaborbactam (MVB), and imipenem-relebactam (IMI-REL), are active against most of these isolates, but these agents display some variation in activity. In this study, we evaluated the activity of these new BL/BLIs and comparator agents against CRE isolates collected in US hospitals.A total of 27,834 Enterobacterales isolates were collected in 74 US hospitals and susceptibility tested by reference broth microdilution methods. CLSI breakpoints were applied. CRE isolates resistant to imipenem or meropenem were submitted to whole genome sequencing and data analysis for the detection of \u03b2-lactamases.p=0.06). This increase was noted in isolates from bloodstream infections and among patients hospitalized with pneumonia; a slight decrease was observed among urinary tract infections. Among the CREs, an increase in E. cloacae, K. aerogenes, and less common Enterobacterales species was observed. CRE isolates included 8 species in 2019/2020 and 12 species in 2021. Most CRE isolates produced KPC enzymes, mainly KPC-2 and KPC-3, but a decline was noted over time, from 73.8% in 2019 to 67. 5% in 2020 and 54.1% in 2021. Conversely, MBLs increased from 3.8% in 2019 to 18.4% in 2021. MBLs were mainly NDM-1/-5, but also IMP-27 and IMP-4. OXA-48-like enzymes without NDM were detected among 8 isolates. Overall, CAZ-AVI inhibited 86.6% of CRE isolates. When comparing the activity of 3 new BL/BLIs tested against 2021 isolates, CAZ-AVI was active against 78.6% of the CRE isolates whereas MVB inhibited 76.5% and IMI-REL inhibited 73.3%.CRE comprised 0.9% (261) of the isolates. An increase in CRE prevalence was noted in 2021 (1.1%) compared to 2019 (0.8%) and 2020 (0.9%; An increase in CREs driven by an increase in MBL-producing isolates was noted in 2021. This increase is worrisome since there are no effective therapeutic options against MBL producers. CAZ-AVI was the most active agent against CREs, but the increase in MBLs should be closely monitored. New therapies against these isolates are urgently needed.Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Timothy Doyle, MS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support Valerie Kantro, BA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Office for Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Enterococcus is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections many with vancomycin resistance. About 50,000 infections are reported per year due to vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. Understanding the genotypic mutations can help recognize the potential burden for antibiotic resistance that exists in a population. In this study, using whole genome sequencing (WGS) we aim to analyze the prevalence of genetic resistance markers for commonly used antibiotics for Enterococcal treatment.E. faecium and 29 isolates of E. faecalis. The isolates were obtained from two different Detroit area hospitals from 2017-2019. The data from WGS was analyzed using EPISEQ CSTM  bioinformatic database to obtain specific resistance genes which would correspond to commonly used antibiotics for treatment of Enterococcal infections.Whole genome sequencing was performed using the NextSeq  on 60 isolates of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis investigated, we identified a total of 33 unique resistance genes across 18 classes of antibiotics (Table\u00a01). We detected genetic mutations efmA, pbp5, tet(L), liar, liaS unique to E. faecium and only emeA unique to E. faecalis. E. faecium and E. faecalis share 14 similar resistance genes. E. faecium and E. faecalis had 12 and 7 unique resistance genes, respectively but are of same drug classes. The most common antibiotic classes include aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones, beta-lactams, glycopeptides, macrolides, and pyrimidine analogs.Among the 89 Enterococcus faecium had a greater number of resistance genes with glycopeptide, aminoglycoside, and beta lactam resistance when compared to Enterococcus faecalis. Whereas Enterococcus faecalis had more resistance genes associated with macrolides, tetracyclines, pyrimidine analogs, and Bactrim. In general, both appear to have many genes that encode for resistance to major classes of antibiotics which are used for treatment of Enterococcal infections. Further comparison with phenotypic susceptibility testing data would help better understand the practical implications of our resistance gene testing.Piyali Chatterjee, PhD, AHRQ Grant # 1R03HS027667-01: Grant/Research Support|AHRQ Grant # 1R03HS027667-01: Central Texas Veterans Health Care System Keith S. Kaye, MD, MPH, Allecra: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline plc.: Receiving symposia honoraria|GlaxoSmithKline plc.: GlaxoSmithKline plc.-sponsored study 212502|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Spero: Advisor/Consultant Chetan Jinadatha, MD, MPH, AHRQ R01 Grant-5R01HS025598: Grant/Research Support|EOS Surfaces: Copper Coupons and materials for testing."}
{"text": "It remains unclear if there is an association between COVID-19 and cryptococcosis. The purpose of this study was to compare demographic characteristics and outcomes of cryptococcosis between patients with COVID-19 to non-COVID-19 controls.Patients 18 years and older with cryptococcosis were identified from TriNetX, a global federated research network, and separated into two cohorts based on a diagnosis of COVID-19 within 3 months prior to the index diagnosis of cryptococcosis. The primary outcome was the percent mortality in each group. The secondary outcomes included the proportion of patients in each group who had underlying comorbidities, received immunosuppressive medications, or required hospitalization or ICU admission. Propensity score matching was performed to control for differences between groups based on demographics and comorbidities. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for outcomes, with p < 0.05 as the cut off for statistical significance.A total of 6252 patients with cryptococcosis were included, of which 4.5% (n=283) had COVID-19 prior to diagnosis of cryptococcosis. Mortality was similar between patients with and without COVID-19 . Patients with cryptococcosis and previous COVID-19 were older  and more likely to be non-Hispanic . More patients with COVID-19 had a history of transplant , malignancy , and diabetes , but not HIV . Prednisone and dexamethasone use were higher among patients with previous COVID-19 . Hospitalization rates were similar , but more patients with COVID-19 required ICU admission . In propensity score-matched analysis, patients with COVID-19 remained at higher odds of ICU admission , but lower odds of hospitalization .Patients with COVID-19 who developed cryptococcosis had higher rates of comorbidities, corticosteroid use, and ICU admission but did not experience higher mortality compared to non-COVID-19 controls.George R. Thompson, III, MD, Amplyx: Advisor/Consultant|Amplyx: Grant/Research Support|Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: DSMB|Scynexis: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Two years into the pandemic, clinicians do not have access to a standardized measurement of SARS-CoV-2 viral load (VL) that allows for VL comparison across clinical specimens and different assays. Reliable VL measurement in diverse respiratory specimens, over time, and in response to treatments such as remdesivir (RDV), could better inform treatment and prevention.To investigate the use of a standardized VL assay in respiratory specimens, we enrolled patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Providence, RI, with/without RDV exposure; collected serial samples from 4 compartments  in 3 visits during the 1st week of hospitalization; and characterized SARS-CoV-2 VL using a ChromaCode HDPCR\u2122 quantitative research use only assay, calibrated to the first World Health Organization (WHO) International Standard (IS). Linear mixed effects models and associated regression coefficients were used to analyze inter-compartmental VL differences at enrollment, over time, and with/without RDV.10IU/mL) differed by compartment at visit 1  and significantly decreased over time in all compartments . Log VL change over time was not significantly different between compartments or between people treated/not treated with RDV.Of 35 participants , all had visit 1 samples ; 80% visit 2 samples ; and 37% visit 3 samples . Overall, 38 NP, 67 NA, 57 OP, and 67 SA samples were collected. Mean log VLs (LogWe successfully measured respiratory intercompartmental SARS-CoV-2 VL differences among hospitalized patients using a standardized assay calibrated to the WHO IS. Dissemination of standardized VL measurement methods will allow accurate VL comparisons across assay types quantified in IU/mL and improve assessment of the impact of COVID-19 treatments. Inter-compartmental VL differences at baseline may indicate sampling variability or different viral burden. RDV did not appear to accelerate viral decay.Curt Beckwith, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc: Grant/Research Support Jon Steingrimsson, PhD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support Angela Caliendo, MD, PhD, ChromaCode: Advisor/Consultant|Danaher/Cepheid: Advisor/Consultant|First Light: Advisor/Consultant|Hologic: Grant/Research Support|ID Connect: Advisor/Consultant|Quidel: Advisor/Consultant|Visby: Advisor/Consultant Rami Kantor, MD, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Articles:Interactive structural color displays of nano-architectonic 1-dimensional block copolymer photonic crystalsTae Hyun Park, Seunggun Yu, Jeongok Park and Cheolmin Parkhttps://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2022.2156256Deep-learning-based inverse design of three-dimensional architected cellular materials with the target porosity and stiffness using voxelized VoronoilatticesXiaoyang Zheng, Ta-Te Chen, Xiaoyu Jiang, Masanobu Naito and Ikumu Watanabehttps://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2022.2157682Recent advances in neuromorphic transistors for artificial perception ApplicationsWei Sheng Wang and Li Qiang Zhuhttps://doi.org/10.1080/14686996.2022.2152290Journal: Science and Technology of Advanced MaterialsBibliometrics: Volume 24, Number 1When first published online, the three articles above were published with incorrect pagination from page 2 onwards. These have now been corrected accordingly, with the article ID on page one remaining unchanged, and the following pages beginning from page 2."}
{"text": "Letermovir (LTV) for CMV prophylaxis in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) recipients has decreased utilization of broad-spectrum antivirals for CMV, which may result in more frequent reactivation of herpesviruses not targeted by LTV. We hypothesized that the cumulative incidence of HHV-6 and EBV reactivation, and associated diseases, within 100 days after HCT would increase following the introduction of LTV.We conducted a retrospective study of CMV-seropositive adults who received an allogeneic HCT at our center prior to (5/2015 \u2013 9/2018) and after (10/2018 \u2013 12/2021) routine use of LTV. We reviewed medical records for antiviral use, viral testing, and virus-associated end-organ disease within days 0-100 after HCT. Testing was performed at the discretion of healthcare providers or according to treatment protocols. We computed cumulative incidence estimates treating death and subsequent HCT as competing risks.Figure\u00a01). Two patients in each cohort (0.5%) developed proven or probable HHV-6 encephalitis. Median peak plasma HHV-6 viral load was nearly 1 log10 higher in the LTV cohort . The incidence of tests for and detection of EBV was higher in the LTV cohort, but the proportion of patients with \u2265 1 positive test among tested patients was similar (14% pre-LTV vs 20% post-LTV); of note, EBV testing in both cohorts was mainly protocol driven . There were no cases of PTLD by day 100 in either cohort.We identified 403 patients prior to and 378 patients after routine use of LTV. Characteristics were similar between cohorts except for more frequent use of post-transplant cyclophosphamide for GVHD prophylaxis in the LTV cohort. Broad-spectrum antiviral use, as estimated by available data, was 68% pre-LTV versus 23% post-LTV. The incidence of tests for and detection of HHV-6 were similar in both cohorts (Despite a 66% decrease in broad-spectrum antiviral use after the introduction of LTV prophylaxis in CMV-seropositive allogeneic HCT recipients, there was no evidence for increased HHV-6 or EBV reactivation and associated end-organ diseases. Whether the higher peak HHV-6 viral load in the LTV cohort has clinical implications requires further study.Danielle M. Zerr, MD MPH, AlloVir: Advisor/Consultant Michael J. Boeckh, MD PhD, Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Amazon: Grant/Research Support|Ansun Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|EvrysBio: Advisor/Consultant|Gates Ventures: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Helocyte: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kyorin Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|ReViral: Advisor/Consultant|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Grant/Research Support|Vir Biotechnology: Advisor/Consultant|Vir Biotechnology: Grant/Research Support Joshua A. Hill, MD, Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Allovir: Grant/Research Support|Covance/CSL: Advisor/Consultant|CRISPR: Advisor/Consultant|Deverra: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Karius: Advisor/Consultant|Karius: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Octapharma: Advisor/Consultant|OptumHealth: Advisor/Consultant|Oxford Immunotec: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Health Services Research (2022) 22:1257https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-08625-8Following publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect author names are: Buffel Veerle, Danhieux Katrien, Remmen Roy, Van Olmen Josefien and Wouters EdwinThe correct author names are: Veerle Buffel, Katrien Danhieux, Roy Remmen, Josefien Van Olmen and Edwin WoutersThe author group has been updated above and the original article  has been"}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) among adults < 65 years of age.Limited data are available on healthcare costs associated with This retrospective cohort study used Optum\u2019s de-identified Clinformatics\u00ae Data Mart to identify first CDI episodes from 2016\u20132019 among individuals 18\u201364 years of age insured under commercial plans. CDI was defined by ICD9/ICD10 diagnosis codes or a combination of CDI diagnosis/testing with antibiotic treatment. Healthcare costs were evaluated among CDI+ cases and 1:1 propensity score-matched CDI\u2212 controls. Both CDI+ cases and controls had continuous database enrollment for \u226512 months prior; follow-up continued through the earliest of death, disenrollment or 12 months post-index. Costs were analyzed by age group, acquisition type, and hospitalization status within 2 months of the CDI index date.Figure\u00a01A). Mean attributable costs were higher for hospitalized healthcare-associated  and hospitalized community-associated  cases than non-hospitalized healthcare- or community-associated cases . The mean attributable out-of-pocket (OOP) cost in the 50\u201364-year age group was $573 and was higher for community-associated vs healthcare-associated cases . Overall CDI-attributable costs in the 18\u201349-year age group trended similarly but were mostly lower for total healthcare costs  and slightly higher for OOP healthcare costs .We identified 13,820 CDI+ cases and 4,027,386 potential controls; 12,999 cases  were matched to a control. In the 50\u201364-year matched groups, mean total healthcare costs at 2 months post-index were $18,453 (CDI+) and $6819 (CDI\u2212); $11,634 in excess costs were attributable to CDI (CDI-attributable healthcare costs among US individuals 18\u201364 years of age are substantial, particularly for those hospitalized for CDI. Effective prevention in younger adults may significantly reduce healthcare resource utilization and costs to both the healthcare system and patients.Funded by Pfizer Inc.Holly Yu, MSPH, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Tamuno Alfred, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Jingying Zhou, MA, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Jennifer Judy, MS, PhD, Pfizer Inc: Employee|Pfizer Inc: Stocks/Bonds Margaret A A. Olsen, PhD, MPH, Pfizer Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer Inc: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "J Pediatr 2022;241:203-11), we demonstrated that in-person training in a structured communication strategy called AIMS  resulted in behaviors of interest during live encounters with standardized patients (SPs) portraying vaccine-hesitant parents. We investigated whether similar effects would be seen if training and SP encounters occurred in a virtual environment.There are no accepted best practices for counseling vaccine-hesitant parents, and training in this area is not required in residency. In a prior study , developed and characterized in the initial study but modified based on factor analysis to improve reliability and validity. Subject confidence and SP evaluations of the encounter were assessed pre- and post-training. Investigators, subjects, SPs, and video raters were blinded to treatment allocation.Fifty-three subjects completed the protocol and 47 had complete video files. Subject confidence improved in both groups (Panel A). No differences in SP evaluations were detected between groups (B). Preliminary analysis demonstrated that AIMS behaviors were more commonly detected among AIMS-trained subjects than control, as evidenced by an increase in VHCA score (C).Communication training and assessment using SPs were both successfully transitioned to a virtual environment; this opens the possibility of efficient training and assessment of residents who are not located on site. Training increased confidence non-specifically. Encounters with SPs can serve as a model to detect learned vaccine-specific communication behaviors among resident providers, but post-encounter assessments by SPs remained insensitive to differences in those behaviors despite modification of the case materials.Shanna M. Barton, MD, M.Sc., Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support Aaron W. Calhoun, MD, FSSH, Sanofi-Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Society for Simulation in Healthcare: Board Member|Society for Simulation in Healthcare: Honoraria Victoria A. Statler, M.D., M.Sc., Astellas: University Research Support|Gilead: University Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: University Research Support|Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant Gary S. Marshall, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Sanofi: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Honoraria|Seqirus: Advisor/Consultant|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Honoraria."}
{"text": "Inability to define microbial etiology of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) leads to unnecessary antibiotic use. Though multiplex PCR improves viral detection, bacterial LRTI diagnosis remains problematic. We evaluated the clinical utility of BioFire \u00ae FilmArray \u00ae Pneumonia (PN) Panel which detects 8 viruses, 3 atypical and 15 pathogenic bacteria by semi-quantitative PCR to inform bacterial diagnosis.As part of a study to distinguish bacterial from non-bacterial LRTI in hospitalized adults, clinical, laboratory, and X-ray data were collected. Adequate sputa  processed by Gram stain and culture were tested with FilmArray\u00ae PN. Microbial LRTI etiology  was adjudicated by a four physician panel using all clinical data except bacterial PCR results. Bacterial PCR was compared to Gram stain and culture and clinical adjudication.From 737 illnesses evaluated, 423 sputa were collected and 201 deemed adequate and were tested with FilmArray\u00ae PN. Most common discharge diagnoses were pneumonia (24%), AECOPD (21%), viral illness (13%) and asthma exacerbations (9%). FilmArray\u00ae PN detected 155 typical bacteria, 9 atypical and 101 viruses. Most bacterial detections were monomicrobial (58%) often with concomitant viruses (43%). Compared to Gram stain and culture, FilmArray\u00ae PN detected more bacterial pathogens and was less affected by antibiotics.  Cases were adjudicated as viral Alone (37), bacterial (93) and indeterminate (71). Bacteria were detected by PCR in 41% of viral and 96% of bacterial cases, p=0.0001 and 76% of indeterminate cases. In cases with no bacteria detected by PCR, only 4 (9%) were adjudicated as bacterial; all deemed caused by anaerobic bacteria which are not included in the PCR panel. Comparing bacterial vs. non-bacterial , FilmArray\u00ae PN bacterial PCR had 96% sensitivity, 36% specificity, 56% positive predictive value and 91% negative predictive value. Finally, sputum PCR detected 4 mycoplasma and 56 viral infections missed by standard of care testing.Multiplex PCR testing of sputa for bacteria is useful to rule out bacterial infection with added value to detect viruses and atypical bacteria.Ann R. Falsey, MD, BioFire Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Merck, Sharp and Dohme: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Angela R. Branche, MD, Cyanvac: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Expert Testimony|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Edward E. Walsh, MD, Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-022-10254-4, published online 13 April 2022Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in the legend of Figure\u00a01.http://www.esri.com).\u201d\u201cStudy area along with the well and infiltration sites on the geomorphic map in a part of the Ganga basin, Northern India .\u201d\u201cStudy area along with the well and infiltration sites on the geomorphic map in a part of the Ganga basin, Northern India .\u201d\u201cMonthly groundwater level at 50 observation wells of a dense monitoring network from February 2012 to March 2014 were accessed and utilized for the analysis. The monthly rainfall data were also collected from January 2010 to December 2019 . Report on pilot project on aquifer mapping in Maner-Khagaul area, Patna District Bihar (Watershed -GNDK013), p. 260 (2015).The correct reference is listed below:http://cgwb.gov.in/AQM/Pilot/Patna%20District,%20Bihar-Final.pdfCentral Ground Water Board (CGWB). Report on pilot project on aquifer mapping in Maner-Khagaul area, Patna District Bihar (Watershed -GNDK013), p. 260 (2015). Furthermore, the Acknowledgements section was incomplete.\u201cProf. V.M. Tiwari, Director of CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, has encouraged and permitted to publish this article (Ref. No: NGRI/Lib/2021/Pub-18). The DST-NGP (GoI), New Delhi , January 21, 2021) has funded this research work. Authors are thankful to them.\u201dnow reads:\u201cProf. V.M. Tiwari, Director of CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, has encouraged and permitted to publish this article (Ref. No: NGRI/Lib/2021/Pub-18). The DST-NGP (GoI), New Delhi , January 21, 2021) has funded this research work. Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation (GoI) has generated the hydrogeological data. Authors are thankful to them.\"Lastly, the Data availability section was incomplete.\u201cThe data sets both generated and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u201dnow reads:http://cgwb.gov.in/AQM/Pilot/Patna%20District,%20Bihar-Final.pdf and the analyzed information during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request\u201d\u201cThe data source: The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Aspergillus spp (including azole-resistant strains), rare, resistant moulds  and dimorphic moulds.Olorofim is a novel antifungal agent active against Serial images of Lomentospora prolificans infection following breast enhancement surgery: progression of healing pre- and post-olorofim therapy.Post-surgical bone/ soft tissue Lomentospora prolificans infection of the chest wall in a healthy woman was uncontrolled with available agents (D -9 visible mould in wound base). At D42/84 overall response on olorofim monotherapy was stable; wound closure with complete resolution of IFI was achieved at D322 .1 received oral olorofim (150mg BID x1d loading dose then 90mg BID). Outcomes in the first 100 patients are compared with historical controls (HCs) as well as with expected outcomes in patients with baseline highly active, uncontrolled IFI (HAU-IFI).Patients with limited/no treatment options for proven invasive fungal infection (IFI) or probable pulmonary invasive aspergillosis (IA) using EORTC-MSGERC criteria2  was 47%/42% in IA , 53%/53% , 55%/36% , and 50%/50% . Stable response at D42/D84 predicted extended therapy responses, especially in HAU-IFI of brain and bone . For Coccidioides (n=11) OR was limited to stable due to very slow clearance of fungal serology but clinical response was rapid. Symptoms resolved completely in 18% (2/11) by D84 vs 3% (1/29) by D1523 in comparable HCs with poorly controlled extrapulmonary Coccidioides infection; similar trends were seen for other response measures.All-cause mortality in IA at month 3  was 17/53  for olorofim vs. 40/46  in HCs given either no therapy or azole monotherapy for azole-resistant IA. Successful EORTC-MSGERC overall response3, considering stable in overall success if often appropriate when assessing responses in non-IA mould IFI.Olorofim is a novel oral antifungal with activity against a wide range of mould infections which are difficult to treat. Compared with relevant HCs or expected outcomes for HAU-IFI, olorofim has a positive benefit-risk profile in a well-defined population of patients with limited/no treatment options. As noted previouslyReferences:1. Donnelly CID 2020; 71:1367\u2013762. Segal CID 2008; 47:674\u2013833. Perfect Mycoses 2018: 61:420Johan A. Maertens, MD PhD, F2G Ltd: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences Ltd: Advisor/Consultant|Mundipharma: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer Inc: Advisor/Consultant Paul E. Verweij, PhD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support Emma L. Harvey, MBBS, F2G Ltd: Stocks/Bonds Aaron Dane, MSc, Amplyx: Advisor/Consultant|AN2 therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Artizan: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|ContraFect: Advisor/Consultant|Correvio: Advisor/Consultant|Davolterra: Advisor/Consultant|Destiny Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|F2G Limited: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Humanigen: Advisor/Consultant|Kymab: Advisor/Consultant|Modis: Advisor/Consultant|Orca: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Phico: Advisor/Consultant|Pled Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Rare Thyroid: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Advisor/Consultant|Sinovent: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Transcrip: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant Daniela Zinzi, Infectious Diseases Specialist, F2G: F2G employee|F2G: Stocks/Bonds John H. Rex, MD, Advent Life Sciences: Operating Partner|Advent Life Sciences: Ownership Interest|AMR Action Fund: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Advisor/Consultant|Bugworks Research, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|F2G, Limited: Employee|F2G, Limited: Stocks/Bonds|Forge Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria|Sumitovant: Advisor/Consultant Sharon C. Chen, PhD MBBS, F2G PTy Ltd: Grant/Research Support|MSD Australia: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Letermovir (LTV) has reduced non-relapse mortality (NRM) in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant  recipients by reducing the rate of clinically significant cytomegalovirus infections (CS-CMVi). The impact of LTV prophylaxis (PP) on other infections is unclear. We investigated the effects of LTV on human herpes virus 6 (HHV6) DNAemia in HCT recipients with or without CS-CMVi and studied the interaction of HHV6 DNAemia with CS-CMVi and its impact on NRM.We performed a single center, retrospective cohort study from March 2016 to December 2018 of consecutive allo-HCT recipients who are CMV recipient seropositive (R+) with or without LTV prophylaxis. Baseline characteristics and infectious complications data were collected. Outcomes of interest was NRM at 100 days, 24 weeks and 48 weeks post allo-HCT. Univariate analysis was performed to identify risk factors for HHV6 reactivation within the first year including CS-CMVi and risk factors for NRM at 48 weeks post transplant. A logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors for HHV6 DNAemia and NRM at 48 weeks. Patients with relapse were excluded from NRM analysis.A total of 539 allo-HCT recipients were included in our analysis; 124 (23%) with and 415 (77%) without LTV PP. HHV6 DNAemia was identified in 111 (21%) allo-HCT recipients within the first year of transplant, where CS-CMVi occurred in 241 (45%) (table 1). Risk factors for HHV6 DNAemia included African American race, underlying ALL, Haploidentical or cord HCT, marrow or cord source of stem cells, use of Post-cyclophosphamide, and CS-CMVi. On multivariate analysis, CS-CMVi was the only independent predictor of HHV6 reactivation (Adjusted OR: 1.69) (table 1). Independent predictors of NRM on logistic regression included CS-CMVi , and age > 40 years , and matched related donor allo-HCT  as a protective factor (table 2).HHV6 DNAemia is strongly associated with CS-CMVi, which is probably a reflection of poor T cell recovery post HCT such as Haploidentical or Cord blood HCT. Furthermore, CS-CMVi was associated with NRM whereas HHV6 DNAemia was not. Larger studies are needed to better elucidate this interaction.Gabriella Rondon, MD, Omeros: Advisor/Consultant Elizabeth Shpall, MD, Adaptimmune: Advisor/Consultant|Affimed: License agreement|Axio: Advisor/Consultant|Bayer Helathcare Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria|Fibroblasts and FibrioBiologics: Advisor/Consultant|Navan: Advisor/Consultant|NY Blood Center: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: License agreement Ella Ariza-Heredia, MD, MERCK: Grant/Research Support Roy F. Chemaly, MD/MPH, Karius: Advisor/Consultant|Karius: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Adult respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines are in late stages of development. A comprehensive synthesis of adult RSV burden is needed to inform public health decision-making.ie, serology or sputum).We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies describing the incidence of medically-attended RSV (MA-RSV) among US adults. We also identified studies reporting nasopharyngeal (NP) or nasal swab RT-PCR results with paired serology (four-fold-rise) or sputum (RT-PCR) to calculate RSV detection ratios quantifying improved diagnostic yield after adding a second specimen type  hospitalizations , 133  emergency department (ED) admissions, and 1519  outpatient visits. Based on 6 studies, RSV detection was \u223c1.5 times higher when adding paired serology or sputum. After adjustment for this increased yield, annual RSV-associated rates per 100,000 adults \u226565 years were 267 hospitalizations (UI: 228\u2012306) , 200 ED admissions (UI: 0\u2012478), and 2278 outpatient visits (UI: 1663\u20122893). Persons < 65 years with chronic medical conditions were 1.2\u221228 times more likely to be hospitalized for RSV depending on risk condition.The true burden of RSV has been underestimated and is significant among older adults and individuals with chronic medical conditions. A highly effective adult RSV vaccine would have substantial public-health impact.John M. McLaughlin, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Farid L. Khan, MPH, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Elizabeth Begier, M.D., M.P.H., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds David Swerdlow, MD, Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Luis Jodar, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Ann R. Falsey, MD, BioFire Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Merck, Sharp and Dohme: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Invasive fusariosis (IF) is an uncommon opportunistic mold infection primarily affecting patients (pts) with leukemia and allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HSCT). Historically, IF had poor outcome when there is lack of recovery from immunosuppression. However, IF incidence and outcome in the in the era of new mold-active triazoles and leukemia regimens that incorporate molecularly targeted drugs is unknown.We retrospectively studied the incidence, risk factors, clinical features, and outcome of microbiologically documented IF (revised EORTC/MSG criteria) in pts with leukemia at MD Anderson Cancer Center in the last 12 years (June 2009-October 2021). The independent risk factors for 42-day (d) mortality from IF diagnosis were assessed by a binary multivariable logistic regression model. Annual incidence density (1998-2021) was estimated using Poisson regression analysis.Figure\u00a01).Among 140 IF pts , 100 (71%) had pneumonia, 88 (63%) disseminated infection, and 32 (23%) sinusitis, with no apparent changes in relative frequency over the years. 124 pts (89%) had neutropenia (ANC < 500) at IF diagnosis, 118 (84%) had relapsed/refractory (R/R) leukemia, and 43 (31%) had prior HSCT. 19% (18/97 pts) of IF pts had positive serum galactomannan and 55% had coinfections. In the last 5 years of the study, 45/58 IF cases (78%) were breakthrough infections to mold active triazoles . 74 (53%) out of the 140 IF pts died by d42. Only 6 pts (9%) had neutrophil recovery at time of death compared to 47 (64%) who survived until day 42 (P < 0.001). Neutrophil recovery , SOFA score , and pneumonia  were independent predictors of 42-d mortality. Since 1998, the incidence density of IF continuously increased (P = 0.006) at an annual ratio of 1.05 , AbbVie: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma: Honoraria|Cidara Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "Studies show that past SARS-CoV-2 infection provides a protective immune response against subsequent COVID-19, but the degree of protection from prior infection has not been determined.History of previous SARS-COV-2 Infection and Current SARS-COV-2 Infection Status at Admission.*Adjusted for chronic respiratory disease and prior COVID-19 vaccinationFrom May 2021 through Feb 2022, adults (\u2265 18 years of age) hospitalized at Emory University Hospital and Emory University Hospital Midtown with acute respiratory infection (ARI) symptoms, who were PCR tested for SARS-CoV-2 were enrolled. A prior history of SARS-CoV-2 infection was obtained from patient interview and medical record review. Previous infection was defined as a self-reported prior SARS-CoV-2 infection or previous evidence of a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test \u2265 90 days before ARI hospital admission. We performed a test negative design to evaluate the protection provided by prior SARS-CoV-2 infection against subsequent COVID-19-related hospitalization. Effectiveness was determined using logistic regression analysis adjusted for patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and COVID-19 vaccination status.Of 1152 adults hospitalized for ARI, 704/1152 (61%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive. 96/1152 (8%) had a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection before hospital admission. Patients with a previous history of SARS-CoV-2 infection were less likely to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 upon admission for ARI compared to those who did not have evidence of prior infection .Reinfections represented a small proportion (< 10%) of COVID-19-related hospitalizations. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection provided meaningful protection against subsequent COVID-19-related hospitalization. The durability of this infection-induced immunity, variant-specific estimates, and the additive impact of vaccination are needed to further elucidate these findings.Laura A. Puzniak, PhD. MPH, Merck & Co., Inc.: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer Inc.: Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Srinivas Valluri, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Benjamin Lopman, PhD, Epidemiological Research and Methods, LLC: Advisor/Consultant Satoshi Kamidani, MD, NIH: His institution (Emory University) receives funds from Pfizer for his work as a co-investigator on clinical trials of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.|Pfizer: His institution (Emory University) receives funds from Pfizer for his work as a co-investigator on clinical trials of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. Christina A. Rostad, MD, BioFire Inc, GSK, MedImmune, Micron, Merck, Novavax, PaxVax, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi-Pasteur.: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: Co-inventor of RSV vaccine technology licensed to Meissa Vaccines, Inc.|NIH : Grant/Research Support John M. McLaughlin, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Evan J. Anderson, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc: Data Safety Monitoring Board|MedImmune: Grant/Research Support|Medscape: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Micron: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Funding from NIH to conduct clinical trials of Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines|PaxVax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Data Adjudication and Data Safety Monitoring Boards|WCG and ACI Clinical: Data Adjudication Board."}
{"text": "Troglohyphantes Joseph, 1882  includes 131 species, mainly distributed across the main European mountain ranges. The Alps and the north-western Dinarides account for 66 species, most of them showing narrow or even point-like distributions. The majority of Troglohyphantes spiders dwell in subterranean habitats including caves, mines, soil litter, rocky debris and other moist and shaded retreats. Despite being intensively studied from taxonomic, ecological and biogeographic standpoints, knowledge on the status of conservation and on the potential risk of extinction of these spiders is lagging. To date, only three species have been included in the global IUCN Red List, but their status has not been updated ever since their last assessment in 1996. The aim of this contribution is to assess the Alpine and north-western Dinaric species of the genus Troglohyphantes and to re-assess the species previously evaluated, according to the last version of the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.The genus 2 and AOO < 2,000 km2, meeting the thresholds for the inclusion in the threatened categories. Five species have a more widespread distribution , extending across multiple countries. The quality of the data on distribution of four species was not sufficient to provide a reliable estimation of the distribution range.Amongst the 66 species here considered, 62 had sufficient data to allow the quantification of their Extent Of Occurrence (EOO) and Area Of Occupancy (AOO). Most of the species have a narrow distribution range, with an estimated EOO < 20,000 kmA continuing decline in EOO, AOO and habitat quality was inferred for 30 species. The majority of them were subterranean specialised species, with a reduced thermal tolerance and a low dispersal ability. Accordingly, changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change represent a major threat for these species. Land-use change and habitat alteration were identified as additional relevant threats for several species.A considerable proportion of the species here assessed was found in protected areas and in sites of the Natura 2000 network. In addition, 14 species are formally protected by national and sub-national legislation. At present, 25 species are listed in the regional Red Lists.Long-term monitoring programmes, management plans for both the species and their habitats, expansion of the extant protected areas and designation of new ones, should be considered as the most effective approaches to species conservation. Arachnida, Araneae) are a mega-diverse group of arthropods comprising more than 50,000 currently described species  is predominantly distributed in the main European mountain ranges, including Pyrenees, Alps, Dinarides and Carpathians  are available with open access in the World Spider Trait database  Red List Criteria.All in all, the existing wealth of threats facing subterranean biota  and the Troglohyphantes occurring in the Alps and the north-western Dinarides, based on scientific literature, grey literature and unpublished records. We performed spatial analyses in R . Being a subterranean specialised species, results of ecological niche modelling used to project future habitat suitability in Taxonomic notes: In Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 1Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 1Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Caves in Western Alps have been extensively sampled, allowing us to define EOO and AOO of this species with reasonable confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 990Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1414Range description: This species is known from a few localities of the Chisone and Germanasca Valleys, in the Northern Cottian Alps,  : 57Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance of this organism and its low dispersal ability Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance of this organism and its low dispersal ability : 16Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: The habitat where this species occurs is affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change, which is expected to impact the whole population .Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: In view of the reduced thermal tolerance of this species , alteratBasis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 4Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Due to the subterranean adaptation and the narrow physiological tolerance of this species, hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats : This species has been collected among the floor debris and on the walls of the twilight zone, in natural caves and mine prospects located at the medium alpine montane belt, from 1,000 up to 1,400 m above sea level, characterised by mean annual temperature values ranging from 6.1 to 8.9\u00b0C . See MamTrend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.achillis as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoT.achillis shows intermediate thermal tolerance, reaching 50% mortality at temperature values 5\u00b0C above its cave temperature (Ecology and traits (narrative): According to thermal tolerance tests, perature . Femalesperature . See MamTroglohyphantes of the Western Alps .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range are needed.TroglohyphantesalbopictusScientific name: Species authority: Pesarini, 1989AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 2Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This spider was collected in very few localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, together with the observed high altimetric range of its known distribution, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known range of this species is underestimated.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 22Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1661Troglohyphantesalbopictus is restricted to the Colli Euganei, the Colli Berici and the Prealps of Veneto  : 2306Trend: StableTroglohyphantes species : 44Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): The species was collected both in epigean and shallow subterranean habitats. The record from Colli Berici was collected in a damp wood, in the vicinity of a small stream. No additional information about the habitat was provided.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7.2. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Other Subterranean HabitatsSize: 3.9 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoT.albopictus. This spider shows minor specialisation to subterranean life (Ecology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology and life history of ean life .Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatTroglohyphantesalbopictus has been recorded within several protected areas .Justification for conservation actions: Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantesapenninicusScientific name: Species authority: Isaia, Mammola & Pantini, 2017AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 3Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected in two localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Given this situation, any modelling of the current habitat suitability is unreliable and the known distribution range should be taken with caution. Further research is needed on this species in order to assess its extinction risk.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1383Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1401Range description: The species is known only from two localities of the Tuscan Apennines: Abetone (Pistoiese Mountains) and Mount Sumbra (Apuan Alps) : 8Trend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 8Number of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available are not enough to estimate the number of locations for this species.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The population size and trend are unknown.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): The species was collected in epigean localities. No additional information about the habitat was provided.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 3.1 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology and life history of this species. This spider shows minor specialisation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: One of the known records of this species is inside protected areas .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantesbolognaiScientific name: Species authority: Brignoli, 1975AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 4Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): There are only two records known for this spider. In light of its high subterranean specialisation and in view of the intensive sampling conducted in the area in recent years, it is hardly expected that the range could be significantly expanded by new findings.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 728Max Elevation/Depth (m): 810Range description: This species is known from two caves (Sgarbu du Ventu and Tana Bertrand) in the Province of Imperia  : 8Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species (see Justification for trend: According to cies see  as well Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species (see Justification for trend: According to cies see  as well Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 8Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: This species has been recorded in two caves, which are interpreted as a single location as they are both affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 2Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Due tothe adaptation to the subterranean medium and of the narrow physiological tolerance of this species, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each cave reasonably hosts a single isolated subpopulation. Accordingly, for this species we identified two subpopulations, occurring in two different caves in the province of Imperia, Liguria. Both subpopulations are likely to be impacted by climate change.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesTroglohyphantesbolognai was collected in deep hypogean habitats. No additional information on the habitat was provided.Habitat (narrative): Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.bolognai as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.8 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens show pronounced eye regression and absence of pigmentation .Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps .Justification for conservation actions: Part of the distribution of Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range are needed.TroglohyphantesbornensisScientific name: Species authority: Isaia & Pantini, 2008AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 5Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Caves in Western Italian Alps have been extensively sampled, allowing us to define EOO and AOO of this species with reasonable confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 765Max Elevation/Depth (m): 885Range description: This species is restricted to four caves in the Pugnetto area, a calcschist cave complex in the province of Torino  : 4Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance and the low dispersal ability (Justification for trend: As seen in  ability  of this Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance and the low dispersal ability (Justification for trend: As seen in  ability  of this Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 4Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: The habitat where this species occurs is affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change, which is expected to impact the whole population see .Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: In view of the reduced thermal tolerance of this species , alteratBasis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 1Trend: StableJustification for trend: Examining the known range of distribution of this species and taking into account habitat connectivity amongst caves in the hypogean complex of Pugnetto, it is possible to identify a single subpopulation occurring in the caves of the Pugnetto hypogean complex, in the Lanzo Valleys (Graian Alps).Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Specimens have been found among stony debris in the deep cave habitat. The hypogean complex of Pugnetto consists of an isolated complex of natural calcschist caves in the Western Alps, at an elevation of approximately 800 m. All caves have openings into beech woods, with a prevalent northerly aspect to the cave opening. The entrance of the main cave, Borna Maggiore di Pugnetto, is gated to restrict visitors access.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.bornensis as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoT.bornensis shows a narrow thermal tolerance, reaching 50% mortality at temperature values of approximatively 1\u00b0C above its cave temperature (Ecology and traits (narrative): This spider shows morphological specialisation to the subterranean habitat, with depigmentation, appendage elongation, flattening of the cephalothorax and moderate eye regression . Accordiperature .Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps . Entrance to the caves is regulated by the protected area authority and is accessible by permission only. Opening to guided tours is restricted to 8 months a year, closed during winter.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Further research on basic information such natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species are needed. Monitoring of population and habitat would be necessary to confirm future trends and to evaluate the effectiveness of regulating access to the caves.TroglohyphantesbrignoliiScientific name: Species authority: Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 2Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: CroatiaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 6Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple sites are recorded for this non-specialised species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 285Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1086Range description: This species has a small distribution range, restricted to Istria and Primorje-Gorski Kotar counties in north-western Croatia : 434-1026,691Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 432-824,600Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been collected both in deep-cave and in the vicinity of the cave entrance, sometimes in the twilight zone. In the type locality , a few specimens were found just outside the entrance.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.brignolii are as yet not threatened by direct human activities.Justification for trend: The habitats colonised by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.2 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology and life history of this species. This spider shows minor specialisation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: This species is potentially exposed due to its limited geographic distribution range. However, the existence of direct threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.brignolii is included in the Natura 2000 network .Justification for conservation actions: Most of the predicted range of Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantescaligatusScientific name: Species authority: Pesarini, 1989AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SwitzerlandItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 7Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected in very few localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, together with the high altimetric range of its known distribution, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity compared to subterranean specialised species. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known range of this species is underestimated.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 580Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1538Range description: This species is known only from Monte San Primo  and Monte Generoso  : 79Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 28Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): There is poor information on the habitat of this species. Specimens have been collected both in hypogean and epigean habitats.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.2 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): The ecology and life history of this species is unknown. This spider shows minor specialisation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: This species is potentially exposed due to its limited geographic distribution range. However, the existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range would be needed.TroglohyphantescaporiaccoiScientific name: Species authority: Brignoli, 1971AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 8Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedT.caporiaccoi are good proxies for defining AOO and EOO.Basis (narrative): In light of its high level of subterranean specialisation, we assume that the known records of Min Elevation/Depth (m): 461Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1082Range description: This species is restricted to four caves in the Bergamasque Prealps  : 30Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes as well as the low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range of this species is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes as well as the low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range of this species is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 16Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: Even though this species occurs in four caves, these are interpreted as a single location, as they are all affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 4Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Due to the adaptation to the subterranean medium and of the narrow physiological tolerance of this species, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each locality can reasonably host a single isolated subpopulation. Accordingly, for this species we identified four subpopulations, corresponding to the four caves where the species has been collected. These subpopulation are likely to be impacted by climate change.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): The species is strictly relegated to cave habitat.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.caporiaccoi as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species shows a high degree of specialisation to deep subterranean habitats, with absence of pigmentation and remarkable eye regression .Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps : Suppl. material 9Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): This subterranean specialised species was collected only in two localities and it has not been recorded since its description. It may be possible that the species occurs in other caves in the area. The true range is therefore unknown and not possible to model with confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 818Max Elevation/Depth (m): 818Range description: This species was found only in the cave of Pozzo di Cedrina and in an unspecified \"cave in the nearby of Cene\", both in Val Seriana  : UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species Troglohyphantes species : UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available are not enough to estimate the number of locations for this species.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species : The species was collected in deep cave habitat. No additional information on the habitat was provided.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.cavadinii as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology of this species. This species shows a high degree of specialisation to deep subterranean habitats, with absence of pigmentation and pronounced eye regression .Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps : Suppl. material 10Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): This subterranean specialised species was collected only in one locality, and it has never been recorded again after its description. It may be possible that the species occurs in other caves in the area. The true range is therefore unknown and not possible to model with confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 396Max Elevation/Depth (m): 396Range description: This species is known only from one cave (Grotta Lac\u00f9 di Casai), in the province of Bergamo  : UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species Troglohyphantes species : UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available are not enough to estimate the number of locations for this species.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species : There is poor information on species habitat, although specimens have been collected in caves.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.comottii as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species shows a high degree of specialisation to deep subterranean habitats, with absence of pigmentation and pronounced eye regression .Troglohyphantes species : Suppl. material 11Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This non-specialised spider was collected in very few localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known range of this species is underestimated.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 453Max Elevation/Depth (m): 650Troglohyphantesconfusus is restricted to a few localities in Inner Carniola (north-western Slovenia) : 202Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 24Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species was mainly found in beech forests, in burrows under litter. Some specimens have been collected in the anterior part of a cave, in ethylene-glycol pitfalls.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1. Forest7.2. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Other Subterranean HabitatsSize: 2.6 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens show a low degree of morphological specialisation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Some of the known localities of this species fall within the Special Area of Conservation of the Trnovo Forest (SAC SI3000255).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range would be needed.TroglohyphantescroaticusScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 3Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: CroatiaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 12Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): This species is known from multiple localities. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 203Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1378T.croaticus outside the known range, in the southern part of Slovenia.Range description: This species has been found in several caves in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Karlovac, and Lika-Senj counties (north-western Croatia) : 2664-4664,3618Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 1700-3272,2536Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Specimens have been collected both at the cave entrance and deeper in the cave, in webs amongst boulders on the cave floor and on the walls. Although, to our knowledge, for the majority of localities no threats are detectable, the species has apparently disappeared from the type locality, Bukovac Cave. It seems likely that extensive archaeological and paleontological excavations carried out in this cave have altered significantly the habitat of this species. Moreover, Cave Vrelo is a touristic cave with more than 10,000 visitors per year, in which concerts, exhibitions and filming of movies are organised, with the possible accumulation of litter that may alter the local microhabitat.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.croaticus are as yet not threatened by direct human activities. However two localities seems to be disturbed by past and ongoing human activities, i.e. excavations and touristic use.Justification for trend: Most of the caves inhabited by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.8 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens collected in the eastern part of the distribution (in the regions of Kordun and Ogulinsko-pla\u0161\u010dansko podru\u010dje) are depigmented and microphthalm. Specimens from the western part of the distribution (Gorski kotar region) appear to be rather variable, from eyeless depigmented individuals to fully pigmented ones (even with a pattern on the opisthosoma) and normal eyes. According to the latest population genetic study of the species , there iJustification for threats: This species is potentially exposed due to its limited geographic distribution range. However, the existence of direct threats is unknown for this species. One of the caves where this species occurs is a show cave and visitors access it frequently.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.croaticus is included in the Risnjak National Park and in the Natura 2000 network . The species distribution modelling predicts that this species could also be present in the Slovenian protected site of Sne\u017enik .Justification for conservation actions: Most of the predicted range of Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantescruentusScientific name: Species authority: Brignoli, 1971AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 13Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): This non-specialised species was collected in a single locality. It may be possible that the species occurs in other localities in the area. The true range is therefore unknown and not possible to model with confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 500Max Elevation/Depth (m): 500Range description: The species is known only from one locality outside the cave of Smoganica, in the municipality of Most na So\u010di  : UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available are not enough to estimate the number of locations for this species.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The population size and trend are unknown.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): The species was collected just outside a cave. No additional information about the habitat was provided.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.6 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology of this species. The female is unknown . SpecimeJustification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This species was considered as potentially threatened due to its rarity and included in the category R of the Slovenian Red List . The sinConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantesdelphinicusScientific name: Species authority: Isaia & Mammola, 2022AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: T.vignai (partim). As it is a subterranean specialised species, the results of ecological niche modelling used to project future habitat suitability in Taxonomic notes: In Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 4Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 14Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Caves in Western Alps have been extensively sampled, allowing to define EOO and AOO of this species with reasonable confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1000Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2480Range description: The species is known in a few caves of Varaita Valley (Southern Cottian Alps) and in an isolated locality in Gesso Valley (Maritime Alps) : 459Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the narrow thermal tolerance and its low dispersal ability Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the narrow thermal tolerance and its low dispersal ability : 24Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: The habitat where this species occurs is affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change, which is expected to impact the whole population see .Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: In view of the reduced thermal tolerance of this species , alteratBasis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 4Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Due to the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and of the narrow physiological tolerance of this species, hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats : g stones . A speciTrend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.delphinicus as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): According to thermal tests, this species shows a narrow thermal tolerance, reaching 50% mortality at temperature values 1\u00b0C above its cave temperature . FemalesTroglohyphantes of the Western Alps, climate warming is expected to reduce the currently suitable habitat for this spider. Moreover, in view of its low thermal tolerance .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range would be needed.TroglohyphantesdiabolicusScientific name: Species authority: Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 15Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected in a few localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known range of this species is underestimated.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 302Max Elevation/Depth (m): 728Range description: This species is known from three caves of mount Tisnik in Carinthia, and from four caves in Styria (northern Slovenia) : 622Trend: UnknownTroglohyphantes : 28Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoT.diabolicus has been found among the debris of a decayed wooden bridge in the front section, not far from the entrance opening. In Knapovska jama, a deserted artificial pit, the spiders had their webs amongst wood debris and in holes in the floor left by buttress poles, 10-30 m from the entrance. Specimens have been collected also in small mammal burrows in beech forests.Habitat (narrative): Specimens have been mainly collected in subterranean environments and occasionally in shallow subterranean habitats. In the Huda Luknja Cave, a high concentration of specimens of Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.1 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology and life history of this species. This spider shows minor morphological specialisation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: This species is potentially exposed due to its limited geographic distribution range. However, the existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatTroglohyphantesdiabolicus was considered potentially threatened and listed in the Slovenian Red List, in the category R : Suppl. material 16Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are known for this species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 338Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2200Range description: This species has been found in several localities on the Bergamasque Alps and Prealps  : 1056-1859,1241Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 840-1632,1028Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoRhododendron scrublands, at high altitudes up to 2,200 m.Habitat (narrative): This species has been found in both shallow subterranean and epigean habitats, such as rocky lands, alpine prairies, Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.4. Shrubland - Temperate4.4. Grassland - Temperate6. Rocky areas 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.2 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology and life history of this species. This spider shows minor specialisation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: The existence of direct threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This species has been recorded within the Natura 2000 network .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantesexcavatusScientific name: Species authority: Fage, 1919AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 5Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: CroatiaSloveniaAustriaItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 17Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 156Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1500Range description: This species has a wide distribution encompassing most of Slovenia and northern Croatia. It has also been recorded in the southern part of Carinthia (southern Austria) and in the area of Trieste in Friuli-Venezia Giulia  : 26045-37659,31029Trend: StableTroglohyphantesexcavatus has been recorded in a wide range of habitats, both hypogean and epigean. It is plausible that anthropogenic climate change may affect the habitat suitability of this species. However, in view of the relatively wide thermal tolerance and the relatively high dispersal ability of non-specialised species of Troglohyphantes : 11712-21912,16100Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): In Slovenia, Croatia, and Italy specimens have been mainly collected in subterranean environments, both in deep caves and close to cave entrance, but also in shallow subterranean habitats, under big stones, usually in forests. On the contrary, in Austria this species has been recorded from surface localities, in moss and meadows, in spruce or mixed forests and on stream banks in forests.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.excavatus are as yet not threatened by direct human activities.Justification for trend: The habitats colonised by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate5.1. Wetlands (inland) - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.6 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider shows minor morphological specialisation to subterranean life . SpecimeJustification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.excavatus is covered by several national parks, protected areas, and sites of the Natura 2000 network. In Austria, this species is listed in the category R of the Red List of endangered spiders for Carinthia : Suppl. material 18Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This spider is known exclusively from the type locality, where it has been repeatedly collected. In light of the high subterranean specialisation of this species and in view of the intensive sampling conducted in other caves in the same area, it is hardly expected that the range could be significantly expanded by new findings.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 442Max Elevation/Depth (m): 442Range description: This species is known only from Cava di Sant'Ambrogio di Valpolicella, in the Lessini Mountains  : 4Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: The single cave where this species was found is threatened by quarrying activities, which are expected to cause changes in microclimatic conditions and decrease of habitat quality. In addition, according to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: The single cave where this species was found is threatened by quarrying activities, which are expected to cause changes in microclimatic conditions and decrease of habitat quality. In addition, according to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 4Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: This species is known only from a single location, currently subjected to quarrying activities, which are likely to represent a major threat to the survival of the species. Moreover, the cave where this species occurs is exposed to possible changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to both quarrying activities and future climate change see .Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: 1Trend: StableJustification for trend: For this species we identified a single subpopulation.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): This species has been found in an artificial subterranean habitat. Specimens have been collected in areas of complete darkness, were they are rather abundant.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.exul as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: The nearby quarrying activities may cause environmental alterations of the cave where this species occurs. In addition, as seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species shows a high degree of specialisation to deep subterranean habitats, with absence of pigmentation and regression of the eyes .Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps . However, there are no conservation measures in place for this species. This species may benefit from effective protection with strategies aiming to reduce the environmental impacts of the nearby quarrying activities.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range would be needed. Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm future trends and to assess the impacts of the nearby quarrying activities.TroglohyphantesfageiScientific name: Species authority: Roewer, 1931AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: GermanyAustriaItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 19Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 164Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2550Troglohyphantesfagei is one of the most widespread species of the genus Troglohyphantes, being widely distributed in the Eastern Alps, from north-eastern Italy to Austria, with a few records from southern Germany : 50319-69323,60398Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 15012-35880,24896Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): At lower latitudes, this species was mainly collected in caves. At higher latitudes, it has been mainly found in alpine environments above the tree line, such as in rock crevices in alpine screes, in alpine grasslands, and in dwarf mountain pine shrubs.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.fagei are as yet not threatened by direct human activities.Justification for trend: The habitats colonised by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate3.4. Shrubland - Temperate4.4. Grassland - Temperate6. Rocky areas 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.8 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species shows a minor morphological specialisation to subterranean life . SpecimeJustification for threats: The existence of major threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.fagei was listed in the category R of the national Red List of spiders : Suppl. material 20Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 76Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1815Range description: This species is known from a few localities in the Prealps of Belluno, in Colli Euganei, and Montello  : 3922-6572,5693Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 1532-3452,2732Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoTroglohyphantesfatalis has been found both in natural and artificial hypogean environments. Specimens have been collected also in surface habitats, such as damp and chestnut woods.Habitat (narrative): Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.fatalis are as yet not threatened by direct human activities.Justification for trend: The habitats colonised by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.9 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): The ecology of this species is unknown.Justification for threats: The existence of direct threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: There are several protected areas within the distribution range of this species . Species distribution modelling predicts that this species could be present in more protected areas.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantesgamsiScientific name: Species authority: Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 21Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected in very few localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known range of this species is underestimated.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 532Max Elevation/Depth (m): 988Range description: This species was recorded only in two localities, in north-western Slovenia: Kristalna jama (Bled) in Upper Carniola, and the tunnel 'Klu\u017ea' near Bovec in Slovenian Littoral : 8Trend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 8Number of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available are not enough to estimate the number of locations for this non-specialised species.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The population size and trend are unknown.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): In the type locality , specimens were collected only in the most superficial parts of the cave, among stones and wood debris, in the descending entrance passage.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoTroglohyphantesgamsi is one of the most pigmented Troglohyphantes (Ecology and traits (narrative): yphantes . This spyphantes .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.gamsi is considered as potentially threatened and included in the category R of the Slovenian Red List of endangered plant and animal species : Suppl. material 22Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Despite the relatively high number of records of this non-specialised species, the distribution range predicted by the models was found to be unreliable by our own expert opinion. In view of this, only the observed distribution range is presented.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 134Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1878Range description: This species is very common in the caves of the Brescia Prealps  while in the province of Bergamo its distribution is confined to the Sebino area and to the high valley of Scalve : 2380Trend: StableTroglohyphantesgestroi has been collected both in surface and subterranean environments. It is plausible that anthropogenic climate change may affect the habitat suitability of this species. However, in view of the relatively wide thermal tolerance and the relatively high dispersal ability of non-specialised Troglohyphantes : 140Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been mainly collected in natural and artificial caves, but it also occurs in epigean environments such as fir woods and open habitats.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.gestroi are as yet not threatened by direct human activities.Justification for trend: The habitats colonised by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 4.1 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology and life history of this species. This spider shows minor morphological specialisation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: This species is potentially exposed due to its limited geographic distribution range. However, the existence of direct threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Part of the distribution of this species falls within several protected areas .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantesgiachinoiScientific name: Species authority: Isaia & Mammola, 2018AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 23Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): There are only two records known for this spider, both referring to the MSS : 839Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1332Range description: This species is known only from MSS habitat in the area of the hypogean complex of the Pugnetto caves, in the municipality of Mezzenile, and from the Natural Park of Colle del Lys  : 8Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 8Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: This species has been recorded in two localities, which are interpreted as a single location as they are both affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 2Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Because of the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and the possible consequent narrow thermal tolerance of this species, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each occurrence reasonably represents a single isolated subpopulation. Accordingly, for this species we identified two subpopulations: the first one occurring in the Pugnetto hypogean complex, in the Lanzo Valleys (Northwestern Alps), and the second subpopulation in the Natural Park of Colle del Lys, an alpine pass located between the lower Valle di Susa and Valle di Vi\u00f9 (Graian Alps). These subpopulations are likely to be impacted by climate change.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesT.giachinoi were collected in MSS habitat, using subterranean sampling devices installed at depths between 0.40 and 0.80 m and pitfall traps placed in deep beech forest leaf litter [see Habitat (narrative): Specimens of Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)T.giachinoi is expected.Justification for trend: MSS habitats, like other superficial subterranean habitats, are likely to be affected by the global temperature increase. It is expected that the temperature increase in superficial subterranean habitats will parallel the external one almost synchronically. Compared with the deep subterranean sectors, effects on the fauna in superficial subterranean habitats are expected to be more immediate . AccordiHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.2. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Other Subterranean HabitatsSize: 3 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoTroglohyphantesgiachinoi is among the smaller species of alpine Troglohyphantes, and its short legs and overall small body size may reflect a specialisation for inhabiting small habitat pores, such as the air-filled spaces in the MSS, deep leaf litter, and soil strata. Although this species co-exists with other two Troglohyphantes (T.bornensis and T.lucifuga) in the same hypogean complex, they exploit different habitats (Ecology and traits (narrative): habitats .T.giachinoi occurs, are likely to be affected by the global temperature increase, which is expected to impact the current suitability of this adapted species. Compared with the deep subterranean sectors, effects of temperature increase on the shallow subterranean fauna are expected to be more immediate  and in a Regional Park .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantesgracilisScientific name: Species authority: Fage, 1919AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 24Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedT.gracilis are good proxies for defining the AOO and EOO of this species.Basis (narrative): In light of its high level of subterranean specialisation, we assume that the known records of Min Elevation/Depth (m): 345Max Elevation/Depth (m): 577Range description: This species has been collected in three caves  in Lower Carniola  : 136Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 12Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: Even though this species occurs in three caves, these are interpreted as a single location, as they are all affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 3Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Because of the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and of the narrow physiological tolerance of this species, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean environments, each locality can reasonably host a single isolated subpopulation. Accordingly, for this species we identified three different subpopulations, corresponding to the three caves where the species has been collected. These subpopulation are likely to be impacted by climate change.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): There is poor information on the habitat of this species. Specimens have been collected in caves.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.gracilis as a consequence of climate change is also expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.3 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider shows a high degree of specialisation to subterranean life, with absence of pigmentation .Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps : Suppl. material 25Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected in three localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known range of this species is underestimated.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 480Max Elevation/Depth (m): 480Range description: This species is known from only two localities in Upper Carniola (Slovenia) and from another locality in Carinthia (southern Austria) : 128Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 12Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoFagus-Castaneus). No additional information about the habitat was provided.Habitat (narrative): This species was collected in small mammal burrows in mixed forest  - Other Subterranean HabitatsSize: 2.3 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider shows minor morphological adaptations to the subterranean life .Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.helsdingeni was considered as potentially threatened and listed in the category R of the Slovenian Red List : Suppl. material 26Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species has been found in a few localities. Due to the limited number of surveys carried out in this area, it seems likely that the species may occur elsewhere nearby. The known distribution range should be taken with caution.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1095Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1280Range description: This species is known from a few localities of the departments of Dr\u00f4me and Is\u00e8re  : 19Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 16Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: Even though this species occurs in some caves, these are interpreted as a single location, as they are all affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 2Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Because of the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and the narrow thermal tolerance of this species, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each subpopulation can reasonably occur in a single isolated or few contiguous localities. Accordingly, for this species we identified two subpopulations: a southern subpopulation in the commune of Bouvante, Dr\u00f4me department, and a northern one occurring in a few caves in the commune of Presles, Is\u00e8re department. Future climate change is expected to affect both of them.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesTroglohyphanteshenroti has been collected in hypogean habitats. It has not been specified if in the deep portion or near the entrance, however in caves.Habitat (narrative): Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.henroti as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 4 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens show subterranean specialisation to the hypogean life, namely loss of pigmentation and reduction of the eye apparatus .Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps : Suppl. material 27Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This subterranean specialised species was collected in a few localities spread in a relatively wide range. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known distribution range of this species is underestimated.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 200Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1380Range description: This species has been recorded in a few collection sites spread in a wide distribution range, spanning from the Southwestern Alps to the Tuscanian Apennines : 8754Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 44Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: The habitat where this species occurs is affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change, which is expected to impact the whole population see .Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesFagus or Castanea woods.Habitat (narrative): This species was found both in caves and in shallow subterranean habitats. Specimens have been mainly collected close to the cave entrance, dwelling among debris. Cave openings are located in Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.4 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoT.iulianae shows a narrow thermal tolerance, reaching 50% mortality at temperature values 2\u00b0C above its cave temperature (Ecology and traits (narrative): This spider shows an intermediate degree of morphological specialisation to subterranean life . Accordiperature .Troglohyphantes . Given the wide distribution of this species, it is reasonable to assume that it may occur in other protected areas and sites covered by the Natura 2000 network.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range would be needed.TroglohyphantesjamatusScientific name: Species authority: Roewer, 1931AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 28Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedT.jamatus are good proxies for defining the EOO and AOO of this species.Basis (narrative): In light of its high level of specialisation, we assume that the known records of Min Elevation/Depth (m): 491Max Elevation/Depth (m): 705Range description: This highly adapted subterranean species was recorded in seven caves in Inner Carniola and Littoral (western Slovenia) : 167Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 28Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: Even though this species occurs in seven caves, these are interpreted as a single location, as they are all affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 6Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each subpopulation of T.jamatus reasonably occurs in a single isolated or few contiguous localities. Accordingly, for this species we identified six subpopulations. These subpopulations are likely to be impacted by climate change.Justification for trend: Because of the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and the narrow thermal tolerance of highly adapted Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): The species is strictly relegated to cave habitat. No additional information about the habitat was available.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.jamatus as a consequence of climate change is also expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.1 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species shows a high degree of specialisation to deep subterranean habitats, with absence of pigmentation and eye reduction .Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps : Suppl. material 29Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedT.juris are good proxies for defining the EOO and AOO of this species.Basis (narrative): In light of its high level of subterranean specialisation, we assume that the known records of Min Elevation/Depth (m): 480Max Elevation/Depth (m): 801Troglohyphantesjuris was found in six caves in the Carnic Prealps  : 55Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 24Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: Even though this species occurs in six caves, these are interpreted as a single location as they are all affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 3Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each subpopulation of T.juris can reasonably occur in a single isolated or few contiguous localities. Accordingly, for this species we identified three subpopulations occurring in the province of Pordenone, in Friuli-Venezia Giulia. These subpopulations are likely to be impacted by climate change.Justification for trend: Because of the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and the narrow thermal tolerance of highly adapted Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): This species was collected in deep cave habitats. No additional information on the habitat has been provided.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes occurring in the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of the T.juris as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.7 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider shows a considerable eye reduction and absence of pigmentation .Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps : Suppl. material 30Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected in very few localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, together with the high altimetric range observed in its known distribution, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known range of this species is underestimated.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 700Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1880Range description: This species is only known from the type locality, Jama na Babi, Jezersko , and from two localities in Carinthia (southern Austria) : 12Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 12Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Specimens collected in the type locality, Jama na babi in Upper Carniola, have been found near the entrance of the cave, in a chamber with the floor covered by wood, stony debris, and leaf litter. The specimens from Carinthia have been collected in montane and subalpine zone, among crevices in boulder screes or in alpine grasslands.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.4. Grassland - Temperate6. Rocky areas 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.8 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens show eye regression and absence of pigmentation .Justification for threats: This species is potentially exposed due to its extremely narrow geographic distribution range. However, the existence of direct threats to this species is unknown.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatTroglohyphanteskarawankorum is considered one of the rarest spider species in Austria  or Photo(s): Fig. 6Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: FranceItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 31Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Caves in Western Alps have been extensively sampled, allowing to define EOO and AOO of this species with reasonable confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 825Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1493Range description: This species is known from several caves and military bunkers in the Maritime Alps, between Gesso and Vermenagna Valleys . Moreover, it was recently found in France, in a blockhouse near Brigue (Provence-Alpes-C\u00f4te d'Azur). Detailed occurrences and relative references are in Suppl. material EOO (km2): 156Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance of this species and its low dispersal ability Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance of this organism and its low dispersal ability : 20Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: The habitat where this species occurs is affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change, which is expected to impact the whole population see .Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: In view of the reduced thermal tolerance of this species , alteratBasis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 4Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Because of the subterranean adaptation and the narrow physiological tolerance of this species, hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each subpopulation reasonably occurs in a single isolated or in a few contiguous localities. Accordingly, for this species we identified four subpopulations in the range, three of them occurring in Valle Vermenagna and Valle Gesso, and a southern isolated subpopulation in the French Maritime Alps. All the subpopulations are likely to be impacted by climate change.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): This species has been found at the ground level amid stones, in small interstices or on webs on the walls in caves, military bunkers, and blockhouses. Most of the cave openings are located in beech forests.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.konradi as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoT.konradi shows a narrow thermal tolerance, reaching 50% mortality at temperature values 1\u00b0C above its cave temperature (Ecology and traits (narrative): This high subterranean specialised spider is totally depigmented, microphthalmic, and shows a rich spination . Accordiperature .Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range would be needed.TroglohyphanteskordunlikanusScientific name: Species authority: Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 7Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: Bosnia and HerzegovinaCroatiaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 32Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 136Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1353Range description: This species has been found in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar, Karlovac, Lika-Senj, and Zadar counties in Croatia, and in north-western Bosnia and Herzegovina : 18072-27428,19817Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 13328-21464,15368Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoCarpinus or hornbeam-oak, possibly not suitable for this species.Habitat (narrative): This species has been found on the ceiling and the walls of caves, mainly at no more than 50 meters from the entrance, and in small animal burrows and under stones in forest habitats. In Lika, in the western part of the range, this species was found only in caves. Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.4 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology of this species. All the individuals are depigmented (even the ones collected outside the caves), and have normally developed eyes circled with black pigmentation of variable width .Justification for threats: This species is potentially exposed due to its restricted geographic distribution range. However, the existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This species has been found in several protected areas and sites of the Natura 2000 network. The species distribution modelling predicts that it could also be present in further protected areas.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range would be needed.TroglohyphanteslanaiScientific name: Species authority: Isaia & Pantini, 2010AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 33Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Caves in Western Alps have been extensively sampled, allowing to define EOO and AOO of this species with reasonable confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 640Max Elevation/Depth (m): 864Range description: This species is restricted to six caves of the Monte Fenera hypogean complex, a limestone cave complex in the Northwestern Alps  : 8Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance of this organism and its low dispersal ability Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance of this organism and its low dispersal ability : 8Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: The habitat where this species occurs is affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change, which is expected to impact the whole population see .Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: In view of the reduced thermal tolerance of this species , alteratBasis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 1Trend: StableJustification for trend: Because of the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and of the narrow thermal tolerance of this species, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each locality can reasonably host a single isolated subpopulation. Accordingly, for this species we identified a single subpopulation occurring in the Monte Fenera hypogean complex.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesT.lanai have been found among stony debris in the caves of the complex of Monte Fenera , in the Pennine Alps . All caves have openings into beech woods, with a prevalent northerly aspect to the cave opening, The temperatures in the caves are constantly about 9\u00b0C (Habitat (narrative): Specimens of bout 9\u00b0C .Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.lanai as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.1 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoT.lanai shows a narrow thermal tolerance, reaching 50% mortality at temperature values 2\u00b0C above its cave temperature (Ecology and traits (narrative): This species shows particularly remarkable subterranean traits, such as pronounced eye regression and absence of pigmentation . Accordiperature .Troglohyphantes species . However, there are no conservation measures in place for this species.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphanteslatzeliScientific name: Species authority: Thaler, 1986AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaAustriaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 34Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected in very few localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, together with the high altimetric range found in its known distribution, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known range of this species is underestimated.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 560Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1300Range description: This species has been documented only in a few localities between Carinthia (southern Austria) and Upper Carniola (northern Slovenia) : 467Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Habitat loss and land use change due to urbanisation and infrastructure development in some of the localities where this species has been collected , indicatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Habitat loss and land use change due to urbanisation and infrastructure development in some of the localities where this species has been collected , indicatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 46Number of locations: 2Justification for number of locations: Two locations, corresponding to the Austrian subpopulations, are threatened by urbanisation and infrastructure development.Trend: Decline (inferred)Extreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The population is threatened by habitat loss and land use change due to urbanisation and infrastructure development in part of its range.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 3Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Based on the data available, for this species we identified three subpopulations: two of them occurring in southern Austria and one in northern Slovenia. The Austrian subpopulations are affected by habitat loss and land use change due to urban and transport infrastructure development.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been collected in different habitats in the medium montane belt, from 500 up to 1,300 m, such as pastures, prairies, broadleaf, and conifer forests. It has also been found in rock crevices in boulder fields.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Some of the habitats where this species has been found are threatened by urban, industrial, and transport infrastructure development .Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate4.4. Grassland - Temperate6. Rocky areas Size: 2.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider shows minor specialisation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: This species currently faces threats of habitat loss and land use change due to urbanisation and due to railway and road infrastructure development .Threat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas1.2. Residential & commercial development - Commercial & industrial areas4.1. Transportation & service corridors - Roads & railroadsT.latzeli has been listed in the 59th Regulation of the Carinthian State Government of 2015 (LGBl. Nr. 59/2015), which amends the Carinthian Nature Conservation Act 2002 (LGBl. Nr. 79/2002).Justification for conservation actions: The records from Slovenia fall within the Special Area of Conservation and Special Protection Area of the Julian Alps . In Austria, Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphanteslessinensisScientific name: Species authority: Caporiacco, 1936AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 35Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Despite the relatively high number of records of this non-specialised species, the species distribution predicted by the models was found to be unreliable by our own expert opinion. In view of this, only the observed distribution range is presented.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 197Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2599Range description: This species has been found in several caves in the Lessini Mountains, Monte Baldo, and other localities of the Venetian Prealps, and in the southern Trentino-Alto Adige . New records were recently collected in epigean habitats in the Brenta Dolomites, extending considerably the distribution of this species northwards : 2269Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 104Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoTroglohyphanteslessinensis was collected mainly in natural and artificial hypogean habitats. However, specimens have been recently found also in high altitude rocky lands and alpine screes.Habitat (narrative): Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.lessinensis are as yet not threatened by direct human activities.Justification for trend: The habitats colonised by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate6. Rocky areas 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.2 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens are characterised by a pronounced microphthalmy .Justification for threats: This species is potentially exposed due to its restricted geographic distribution range. However, the existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This species has been found within the Natura 2000 network .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantesliburnicusScientific name: Species authority: Caporiacco, 1927AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 8Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: CroatiaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 36Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedT.liburnicus are good proxies for defining the AOO and EOO of this species.Basis (narrative): In light of its subterranean specialisation, we assume that the known records of Min Elevation/Depth (m): 132Max Elevation/Depth (m): 929Troglohyphantesliburnicus has been collected in several caves in the Primorje-Gorski Kotar county and in the northern part of the Island of Cres : 727Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: Most of the potential distribution of this species corresponds to the coastal area of the Croatian Littoral, where the urban infrastructure development and the industrial pollution are resulting in large-scale alterations of the natural environment, which affect the habitat of this species . In addiCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: Most of the potential distribution of this species corresponds to the coastal area of the Croatian Littoral, where the urban infrastructure development and the industrial pollution are resulting in large-scale alterations of the natural environment, which affect the habitat of this species . In addiCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 64Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: Some of the caves where this species occurs are located in an area heavily impacted by urban development, tourism and industrial pollution. However, all the caves where this species occurs are affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change, which is considered the most serious plausible threat expected to impact the whole population see .Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)T.liburnicus. In addition, in view of the reduced thermal tolerance of subterranean specialised Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 3-6Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each subpopulation of T.liburnicus reasonably occurs in a single isolated or few contiguous localities. Accordingly, for this species we identified three to six subpopulations. Urbanisation and industrialisation are affecting most of them throughout this species' range.Justification for trend: Because of the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and the narrow thermal tolerance of highly adapted Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been found both in the twilight zone and in the deepest part of the caves, in the recesses or between rocks and stalagmites on the ground. In the pit Jama kod \u0160kalnice, specimens occurred in webs on a steep slope covered with wood debris and pieces of rock.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.liburnicus as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: Most of the localities where this species occurs are threatened by habitat loss and degradation due to urban infrastructure development and residential and industrial pollution . MoreoveHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 4.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens show pronounced morphological specialisation to the subterranean habitat, such as eyes regression, leg elongation, and absence of pigmentation .T.liburnicus. Pollution by solid and liquid municipal waste from illegal landfills causes the degradation of cave ecosystems , which prohibits collection, killing, and disturbance of specimens and destruction of their habitats without permission from the Ministry in charge of nature protection. The distribution of this species falls within several protected areas .Justification for conservation actions: This species is listed as Vulnerable in the Red Book of Croatian Cave Dwelling Fauna . As a caConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 2.1. Land/water management - Site/area management2.3. Land/water management - Habitat & natural process restorationUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed. Population status and habitat quality should be monitored.TroglohyphantesluciferScientific name: Species authority: Isaia, Mammola & Pantini, 2017AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 9Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 37Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected in a few localities in the Western Alps. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, together with the high altimetric range found in its known distribution, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known range of this species is underestimated. Given this situation, any modelling of the current habitat suitability is unreliable.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 410Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1777Range description: This species occurs both in hypogean and epigean localities in the alpine districts of Northern Cottian and Southern Graian Alps  : 1176Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 40Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to this species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoTroglohyphanteslucifer has been collected in floors and walls of the twilight zone of natural caves, in block fields in beech forests, and in various shallow subterranean habitats, leaf litter, deep soil strata, MSS, and rocky accumulations. According to T.lucifer is able to coexist with other Troglohyphantes spiders. In this regard, Troglohyphantes is rare and may occur exclusively in phylogenetically distant lineages.Habitat (narrative): Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate6. Rocky areas 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoT.lucifer shows a great thermal tolerance, reaching 50% mortality at temperature values 19\u00b0C above its cave temperature (Ecology and traits (narrative): This species is not exclusively restricted to deep subterranean habitats, being collected in the vicinity of the cave entrance or in shallow subterranean habitats. Specimens show minor morphological specialisation to subterranean life, with eyes normally developed and abdominal pattern present . Accordiperature .Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This species has been recorded in the Natura 2000 sites SAC/SPA IT1110006 Orsiera Rocciavr\u00e9, SAC IT1110029 Pian della Mussa , and SAC IT1110048 Grotta del Pugnetto. In one case, Grotte del Pugnetto, the entrance is strictly regulated, accessible by permission only and in guided tours, and is restricted to 8 months a year. It is possible that its true range would be covered by other protected ares.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphanteslucifugaScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SwitzerlandFranceItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 38Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 392Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2371Troglohyphanteslucifuga has also been found in Haute-Savoie (south-eastern France). Conversely, the record of this species in Seine-et-Marne (northern France), is unreliable. Detailed occurrences and relative references in Suppl. material Range description: This species is distributed in Val d\u2019Aosta and northern Piemonte . The presence of this species in Switzerland is testified by historical records in Wallis (Bourg Saint Pierre and Zermatt) and Tessin (Frasco). EOO (km2): 11212-15676,13178Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 5568-8892,7224Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known major threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoTroglohyphanteslucifuga was generally found in debris and among rocks very close to cave entrances, but also in moist shaded places, deep leaf litter, and other shallow subterranean habitats. Cave openings are located in different habitats, such as Castanea and Fagus woods, alpine screes, rocky lands, and alpine grasslands.Habitat (narrative): Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.lucifuga are as yet not threatened by direct human activities.Justification for trend: The habitats colonised by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 4.1 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoT.lucifuga shows a moderate thermal tolerance, reaching 50% mortality at temperature values 7\u00b0C above its cave temperature (Ecology and traits (narrative): This spider shows minor specialisation to subterranean life . Accordiperature .Justification for threats: This species is potentially exposed due to its restricted geographic distribution range. However, the existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Part of the potential range of this species is inside protected areas and sites of the Natura 2000 network.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range would be needed.TroglohyphantesmicrocymbiumScientific name: Species authority: Pesarini, 2001AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 39Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): There are only two records known for this subterranean species. It may be possible that the species occurs in other caves in the area. The known distribution range should be taken with caution.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 559Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1796Range description: This species is restricted to two caves in the Bergamasque Prealps : Grotta di Nala di C\u00e0 Maquela, in the municipality of Sant'Omobono (Province of Bergamo), and Grotta I Ching, in the municipality of Mandello del Lario (province of Lecco) : 8Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range of this species is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range of this species is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: The habitat where this species occurs is affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change, which is expected to impact the whole population see .Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): There is poor information on species habitat. Specimens have been collected in caves.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.microcymbium as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.8 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species shows a high degree of adaptation to deep subterranean habitats, with absence of pigmentation and pronounced eye regression .Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range would be needed.TroglohyphantesnigraerosaeScientific name: Species authority: Brignoli, 1971AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 40Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Caves in Western Alps have been extensively sampled, allowing to define EOO and AOO of this species with reasonable confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1097Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2900Range description: This species has been recorded in some hypogean localities of the Graian Alps , and in an epigeic locality in Colle dell\u2019Arietta : 498Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance of this organism and its low dispersal ability Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance of this organism and its low dispersal ability : 28Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: The habitat where this species occurs is affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change, which is expected to impact the whole population see .Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: In view of the reduced thermal tolerance of this species , alteratBasis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 7Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Because of the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and of the narrow therrmal tolerance of this species, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each locality can reasonably host a single isolated subpopulation. Accordingly, for this species we identified seven subpopulations occurring in the Graian Alps, north-western Italy. All these subpopulations are likely to be impacted by climate change.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoFagus woods.Habitat (narrative): Specimens have been found hanging on webs on cave walls. All records refer to cold caves, ranging from 2\u00b0C to maximum 6\u00b0C mean annual temperature. Holotype comes from an epigeic locality at 2,900 m. Most of the cave openings are located in alpine screes or Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.nigraerosae as a consequence of climate change is expectedJustification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 6. Rocky areas 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.3 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoT.nigraerosae shows a narrow thermal tolerance, reaching 50% mortality at temperature values 2\u00b0C above its cave temperature (Ecology and traits (narrative): This spider lives mainly on webs on cave walls. Specimens show a moderate degree of morphological specialisation, with absence of pigmentation and eye regression . Accordiperature .Troglohyphantes .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range would be needed.TroglohyphantesnoricusScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 10Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: GermanyAustriaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 41Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 290Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2109Troglohyphantesnoricus has been frequently recorded in Austria. It is also known from Bavaria, in southern Germany : 17353-34801,21001Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 7844-24048,12432Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known major threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoT.noricus occur under dead wood, in moist soil, in small mammal burrows, and in deep leaf layers of mixed beech-fir and beech-oak forests, of ravine forests, rocky gorges, spring meadows and avalanche erosion gullies, which have a microclimatically favourable crevice system in the soil due to blocks, rocky elements, or deadwood. In addition, some records have been collected in larch-spruce forests at higher altitudes. In the Berchtesgaden Alps and in the Tennen Mountains, this species also lives in the alpine belt far above the timberline.Habitat (narrative): Specimens of Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.noricus has a wide geographic and altimetric range and seems to adapt to various habitat types, and therefore is not expected to experience any decline.Justification for trend: Even though some of the habitats where this species occurs are affected by land use change , T.noricHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate3.4. Shrubland - Temperate4.4. Grassland - Temperate6. Rocky areas 7.2. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Other Subterranean HabitatsSize: 3.4 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology and life history of this species. This spider shows a lower degree of specialisation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: No known major threats to this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.noricus is listed in the category R of the national Red List of spiders : Suppl. material 42Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected in very few localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, together with the high altimetric range found in its known distribution, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known range of this species is underestimated.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 550Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1924Range description: This rare species is known from one cave (Raudnerh\u00f6hle) and a few epigean localities in Styria and Carinthia (southern Austria), and from one cave in an unspecified locality in northern Slovenia : 756Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 20Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known major threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to this species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoT.novicordis has been found in hypogean habitat. Other records have been collected in moss and under the rocks in spruce forests, and in high altitude shrublands and rocky lands.Habitat (narrative): In the type locality, Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate3.4. Shrubland - Temperate6. Rocky areas 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.7 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider shows minor specialisation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: The existence of threats for this species is unknown.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This species has been listed in the 59th Regulation of the Carinthian State Government of 2015 (LGBl. Nr. 59/2015), among the species fully protected according to the Carinthian Nature Conservation Act 2002 (LGBl. Nr. 79/2002).Conservation action type: In PlaceUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution, population size and trends, ecology and traits of this species, and its possible threats.TroglohyphantespavesiiScientific name: Species authority: Pesarini, 1988AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 43Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): This species was collected in two localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. It may be possible that the species occurs in other localities in the area. The true range is therefore unknown and not possible to model with confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 373Max Elevation/Depth (m): 900Range description: This species was previously recorded only from the type locality in the Monte Ragogna, municipality of Muris . More recently, this species was found also in Lavina, municipality of Tambre , extending considerably its distribution westwards : UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available are not enough to estimate the number of locations for this species.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The population size and trend are unknown.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been found in epigean habitats. No additional information on the habitat has been provided.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateSize: 3 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens lack pigmentation . The femJustification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range would be needed.TroglohyphantespedemontanusScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 11Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 44Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Caves in Southwestern Alps have been extensively sampled, allowing to define EOO and AOO of this species with reasonable confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 854Max Elevation/Depth (m): 971Range description: This subterranean specialised species is restricted to three caves in Piemonte , namely Grotta di Bossea and Pozzo del Rospo in Corsaglia Valley, and Pozzo del Villaretto in Tanaro Valley : 46Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance of this organism and its low dispersal ability Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance of this organism and its low dispersal ability : 12Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: Even though this species occurs in different caves, these are interpreted as a single location, as they are all affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: In view of the reduced thermal tolerance of this species , alteratBasis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 3Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Because of the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and the narrow thermal tolerance of this species, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each locality can reasonably host a single isolated subpopulation. Accordingly, for this species we identified three subpopulations occurring in the province of Cuneo . All the subpopulations are likely to be impacted by climate change.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Specimens have been found in the deepest part of the cave among stony debris on the ground or on webs among stalactites. Cave openings are located in beech woods.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.pedemontanus as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.9 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoT.pedemontanus shows a narrow thermal tolerance, reaching 50% mortality at temperature values 4\u00b0C above its cave temperature (Ecology and traits (narrative): This subterranean specialised species shows pronounced eye reduction and absence of abdominal pigmentation . Accordiperature .Troglohyphantes . Management of the subpopulation occurring in the touristic cave would be needed by means of a strict code of conduct for the activities in caves, and of both communication to the general public and training of touristic agents.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 2.1. Land/water management - Site/area management4. Education & awarenessUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed. Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm projected trends.TroglohyphantesplutoScientific name: Species authority: Caporiacco, 1938AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 12Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 45Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This non-specialised species was collected in a few localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, together with the high altimetric range found in its known distribution, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known range of this species is underestimated.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 798Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2236Range description: This species has been found in some caves of Corsaglia Valley and the high Tanaro Valley  : 98Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 28Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been mostly collected in the nearby of the cave entrance. However, in several cases, specimens have been also observed in true hypogean habitats. Caves hosting this species encompass a broad altitudinal gradient, from roughly 800 to more than 2,000 m. The population of Balma Ghiacciata del Mondol\u00e9 is found in the twilight zone of the cave. The cave is characterised by very cool microclimatic condition, sustaining a perennial snowfield near the entrance .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.7 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoT.pluto shows a narrow thermal tolerance, reaching 50% mortality at temperature values 4\u00b0C above its cave temperature (Ecology and traits (narrative): This spider shows minor morphological specialisation to the subterranean habitat, with partially pigmented abdominal pattern and eyes normally developed . Accordiperature .Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species. One of the caves where the species occurs (Grotte del Caudano) is opened to tourism . Consequently, a potential impact for this subpopulation could derive from touristic activities.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantespoleneciScientific name: Species authority: Wiehle, 1964AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaAustriaItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 46Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple sites are recorded for this non-specialised species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 315Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1754Range description: This species has a widespread distributional range in Upper Carniola (Slovenia). It has also been recorded in Carinthia (southern Austria) and in Friuli-Venezia Giulia  : 7766-10026,8752Trend: StableTroglohyphantespoleneci has been mainly collected in epigean habitat. It is plausible that anthropogenic climate change may affect the habitat suitability of this species. However, in view of the relatively wide thermal tolerance and the relatively high dispersal ability of non-specialised species of Troglohyphantes : 4420-6600,5280Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been mainly found in beech and mixed beech-fir forests, in small burrows. The record from Carinthia has been collected in alpine rocky slopes with crevice vegetation.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.poleneci are as yet not threatened by direct human activities.Justification for trend: The habitats colonised by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate6. Rocky areas 7.2. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Other Subterranean HabitatsSize: 2.3 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider shows minor morphological adaptation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: This species is potentially exposed due to its restricted geographic distribution range. However, the existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.poleneci was considered as potentially threatened due to its rarity and included in the category R of the national Red List (T.poleneci is listed in the 59th Regulation of the Carinthian State Government of 2015 (LGBl. Nr. 59/2015), and fully protected according to the Carinthian Nature Conservation Act 2002 (LGBl. Nr. 79/2002).Justification for conservation actions: In Solvenia, Red List . This spConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantespolyophthalmusScientific name: Species authority: Joseph, 1882AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 47Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedT.polyophthalmus are good proxies for defining the AOO and EOO of this species.Basis (narrative): In light of its high level of subterranean specialisation, we assume that the known records of Min Elevation/Depth (m): 295Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1522Range description: This species has been collected in several hypogean localities in Slovenia : 2792Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 56Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: Even though this species occurs in several caves, these are interpreted as a single location, as they are all affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: A decrease in the number of subpopulations is inferred due to the impacts of climate change.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): This species was mainly collected on the walls and crevices of caves, both at the entrances and in deeper sections of the caves.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of this species as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species shows a high degree of adaptation to subterranean habitats, with absence of pigmentation, leg elongation, and eye regression .Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps : Suppl. material 48Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedT.regalini are good proxies for defining the AOO and EOO of this species.Basis (narrative): In light of its high level of subterranean specialisation, we assume that the known records of Min Elevation/Depth (m): 650Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1065Range description: This deep subterranean species is restricted to five caves in the Bergamasque Alps, in northern Italy : 33Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 20Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: Even though this species occurs in different caves, these are interpreted as a single location, as they are all affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 5Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each locality can reasonably host a single isolated subpopulation of T.regalini. Accordingly, for this species we identified five subpopulations, four of them occurring in the Sebino Bergamasco region, on the western shore of the Iseo Lake (province of Bergamo), and a fifth isolated subpopulation on the eastern shore of the Iseo Lake (province of Brescia). These subpopulations are likely to be impacted by climate change.Justification for trend: Because of the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and the narrow thermal tolerance of subterranean specialised Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Specimens have been collected in caves, but there is no additional information about the habitat.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.regalini as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens show a high degree of specialisation to deep subterranean habitats, with pronounced eye regression and absence of pigmentation .Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps : Suppl. material 49Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are available for this non-specialised species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 62Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1470Range description: This species had been found in several epigean and hypogean localities in Lessini Mountains, Monte Grappa, Colli Berici and southern Trentino  : 7378-14872,11658Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 3760-8492,6560Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been collected on cave floors and other subterranean habitats, but it also has been found outside the caves, such as in beech forests and broadleaf woods. No additional information about the habitat was provided.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.ruffoi are as yet not threatened by direct human activities.Justification for trend: The habitats colonised by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.9 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens show a very low morphological adaptation to the subterranean life .Justification for threats: This species is potentially exposed due to its restricted geographic distribution range. However, the existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.ruffoi have been recorded within the territory of several Natura 2000 sites .Justification for conservation actions: Specimens of Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range would be needed.TroglohyphantessbordoniiScientific name: Species authority: Brignoli, 1975AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaAustriaItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 50Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are available for this species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 250Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2120Range description: This species is predicted to be present in the Venetian Prealps, Julian Alps and Prealps, and Carnic Prealps : 5441-9686,6731Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 3644-5880,4624Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): In north-eastern Italy and in north-western Slovenia, this species has been mainly found in caves. Conversely, in southern Austria the known localities occur in mixed beech and spruce forests of the montane and subalpine zone, under stones in the soil.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.sbordonii are as yet not threatened by direct human activities.Justification for trend: The habitats colonised by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.8 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoT.gamsi (Ecology and traits (narrative): This species shows minor morphological adaptation to subterranean life . In the T.gamsi .Justification for threats: This species is potentially exposed due to its restricted geographic distribution range. However, the existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.sbordonii is listed in the category R of the Red List of endangered spiders for Carinthia : Suppl. material 51Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are known for this species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1250Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2636T.sciakyi encompasses the Bergamasque Alps and Prealps, and the Southern Rhaetian Alps, in Lombardia and Trentino Alto-Adige, northern Italy : 5949-8984,7715Trend: StableJustification for trend: This species has been mainly collected in Alpine epigean habitats above 1,700 m, which are particularly vulnerable to climatic variations due to climate change. However, considering the low level of specialisation and the high altimetric range of its distribution, we assume a lower risk compared to subterranean specialised species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: This species has been mainly collected in Alpine epigean habitats above 1,700 m, which are particularly vulnerable to climatic variations due to climate change. However, considering the low level of specialisation and the high altimetric range of its distribution, we assume a lower risk compared to subterranean specialised species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 2824-5420,4160Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known major threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to this species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: There is no information on the number of the subpopulations of this species.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been found predominantly in rocky habitats and alpine screes at high altitudes. Some specimens have been collected in hypogean habitat.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 6. Rocky areas 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology of this orophile species. This spider shows minor specialisation to subterranean life .T.sciakyi is not expected to experience any decline.Justification for threats: Some of the habitats where this species has been found are vulnerable to climatic variations due to climate change. However, considering the relatively high dispersal ability of this species, Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the predicted distribution range of this species falls within several protected areas .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantesscientificusScientific name: Species authority: Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 52Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedT.scientificus are good proxies for defining the EOO and AOO of this species.Basis (narrative): In light of its high level of subterranean specialisation, we assume that the known records of Min Elevation/Depth (m): 200Max Elevation/Depth (m): 909Range description: This species has been found in a few caves in Friuli Venezia Giulia  and in Upper Carniola (western Slovenia) : 286Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 44Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: Even though this species occurs in different caves, these are interpreted as a single location, as they are all affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 11Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each subpopulation of T.scientificus can reasonably occur in a single isolated or few contiguous subpopulations. Accordingly, for this species we identified 11 subpopulations, most of them in the province of Udine, in Friuli-Venezia Giulia , and a further isolated subpopulation occurring in Upper Carniola (Slovenia). These subpopulations are likely to be impacted by climate change.Justification for trend: Because of the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and the narrow thermal tolerance of highly adapted Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Not much is known on the habitat of this species. Specimens were collected in hypogean environments.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of this species as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.8 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoTroglohyphantesscientificus shows pronounced eyes regression and absence of pigmentation (Ecology and traits (narrative): entation .Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps : Suppl. material 53Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): In light of the high subterranean specialisation of this species, it is not expected that new findings could significantly expand its known geographic range.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 526Max Elevation/Depth (m): 638T.fagei or T.sbordonii : 4Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 4Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: The habitat where this species occurs is affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change, which is expected to impact the whole population.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 1Trend: StableJustification for trend: For this species we identified a single subpopulation.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Specimens have been collected in caves, but there is no specific information available about the habitat.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.similis as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology and life history of this species. Specimens are weakly pigmented .Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps . Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.Justification for research needed: The taxonomical status of the species and possible synonymy with TroglohyphantessketiScientific name: Species authority: Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: CroatiaSloveniaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 54Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected only in three localities, scattered across a relatively wide geographic range. Its low level of subterranean specialisation possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Given this situation, any modelling of the current habitat suitability is unreliable, and the known distribution range should be taken with caution. Further research is needed on this species in order to assess its extinction risk.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 575Max Elevation/Depth (m): 648Range description: There are only three records for this species: two in Slovenia, Me\u017enarjevo brezno near Lo\u017e in Inner Carniola and Svinjska jama near Dolenji in Slovenian Littoral, and one in Croatia, at jama Bedara on \u017dumberak hill : 300Trend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 12Number of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available are not enough to estimate the number of locations for this species.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The population size and trend are unknown.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Specimens were all found in caves. In the type locality, Me\u017enarjevo brezno, a vertical cave of about 15 m depth, specimens have been collected on the bottom of a chamber between boulders and pieces of decaying wood, in almost absolute darkness.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.8 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens show a minor specialisation to subterranean life, with a slight eye reduction .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.sketi was considered as potentially threatened due to its rarity and included in the category R of the national Red List AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SwitzerlandItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 55Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Despite the relatively high number of records of this non-specialised species, the species distribution predicted by the models was found to be unreliable by our own expert opinion. In view of this, only the observed distribution range is presented.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 340Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1990T.sordellii is centred in the Bergamasque Alps and Prealps, Brescia Prealps and Lugano Prealps, in northern Italy and southern Switzerland : 3249Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 84Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): At lower altitudes this species is often found in caves, while at higher altitudes it is generally found in cool and shaded rocky habitats.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.sordellii are as yet not threatened by direct human activities.Justification for trend: The habitats colonised by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 6. Rocky areas 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.3 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider shows low morphological adaptation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: This species is potentially exposed due to its restricted distribution range. However, the existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.sordellii falls within several protected areas .Justification for conservation actions: The distribution of Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantesspatuliferScientific name: Species authority: Pesarini, 2001AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 56Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected in two localities within an isolated forest patch surrounded by intensively-managed agricultural lands. Its low level of subterranean specialisation possibly reflects a relatively high dispersal capacity. However, the intensive agriculture activities dominating the landscape in this area hampers the possible dispersal of this species.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 335Max Elevation/Depth (m): 335Range description: This species was collected only in the cave Laca di Montorfen and in the nearby forests of Monte Orfano, in the province of Brescia  : 8Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: This species is restricted to an isolated forest patch embedded in an intensively-managed agricultural area. We assume that high input agricultural activities characterising the area represent a potential threat for the survival of this species. Moreover, the intensive agriculture activities dominating the landscape in this area hampers the possible dispersal of this species towards suitable habitats.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: This species is restricted to an isolated forest patch embedded in an intensively-managed agricultural area. We assume that high input agricultural activities characterising the area represent a potential threat for the survival of this species. Moreover, the intensive agriculture activities dominating the landscape in this area hampers the possible dispersal of this species towards suitable habitats.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 8Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: The forested patch of Monte Orfano where this species has been found, is threatened by the intensive agricultural activities of the surrounding human dominated landscape.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: A decline in population size is inferred from potential decline in EOO, AOO and habitat quality due to the high input agricultural activities.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 1Trend: StableJustification for trend: Examining the known distribution range of this species and considering the intensively-managed agricultural matrix surrounding the forested patch where the species has been found, it is possible to identify a single subpopulation occurring in Monte Orfano.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been collected in a cave and in the nearby forest. No additional information about the habitat has been provided.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The habitat of this species is inferred to be declining in area, extent and quality due to the intensive agriculture activities dominating the landscape in this area.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.0 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider shows minor morphological specialisation to subterranean life .Troglohyphantesspatulifer is potentially exposed due to its extremely narrow geographic distribution range. Moreover, the range of the species is restricted to Monte Orfano, a small isolated forested hill embedded within the vineyard region of Franciacorta, a human dominated landscape characterised by an intensive agricultural matrix. This intensively managed landscape may influence the dispersal of this species.Justification for threats: Threat type: OngoingThreats: 2.1. Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops9.3. Pollution - Agricultural & forestry effluentsUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range would be needed.TroglohyphantesspinipesScientific name: Species authority: Fage, 1919AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 57Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedT.spinipes are good proxies for defining the AOO and EOO of this species.Basis (narrative): In light of its high level of subterranean specialisation, we assume that the known records of Min Elevation/Depth (m): 530Max Elevation/Depth (m): 953Troglohyphantesspinipes is known from a few caves in the Ko\u010devje mountains  : 8Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 8Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: Even though this species occurs in different caves, these are interpreted as a single location, as they are all affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 1Trend: StableTroglohyphantes, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each subpopulation of T.spinipes can reasonably occur in a single isolated or few contiguous localities. Accordingly, for this species we identified a single subpopulation occurring in a few caves in the Ko\u010devje mountains, in Lower Carniola.Justification for trend: Because of the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and the narrow thermal tolerance of highly adapted Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Specimens have been collected in caves, no additional information about the habitat was found in literature.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.spinipes as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.4 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider shows minor morphological specialisation to subterranean life .Troglohyphantes species . Research on basic information such as natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.Justification for research needed: The taxonomical status of the species and possible synonymy with TroglohyphantessubalpinusScientific name: Species authority: Thaler, 1967AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 13Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: GermanySloveniaAustriaItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 58Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): This species is known from multiple localities. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 372Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2018Range description: This species is widespread in Austria. It has also been found in Trentino-Alto Adige , in the Berchtesgaden Alps (southern Germany), and in Slovenia : 53656-80815,61037Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 33860-50940,43116Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known major threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoRhododendron and Vaccinium) of the montane and subalpine belt, usually in shaded river and stream banks. Specimens have been collected in shaded overgrown rock-faults, in crevices of boulders, in moss, and in soil litter under rocks.Habitat (narrative): This species occurs in forests, prairies, and shrublands  - Permanent Rivers/Streams/Creeks 6. Rocky areas Size: 2.8 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology and life history of this species. This spider shows a lower degree of specialisation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: No known major threats to this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.subalpinus falls within several national parks, protected areas, and sites of the Natura 2000 network. In Austria, this species has been listed in the 59th Regulation of the Carinthian State Government of 2015 (LGBl. Nr. 59/2015), among the species fully protected according to the Carinthian Nature Conservation Act 2002 (LGBl. Nr. 79/2002). In Germany, it figures in the category R of the national Red List of spiders  or Photo(s): Fig. 14Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: AustriaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 59Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected in a few localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, together with the high altimetric range found in its distribution, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known range of this species is underestimated.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 750Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1960Range description: This species is known from a few epigean localities occurring in a small range in the Austrian Central-eastern Alps, from the High Tauern to the Lower Tauern, with a single southern record in a cave in the Villacher Alps : 5789Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Many of the habitats that this spiders inhabits are affected by forestry and silvicultural measures.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Many of the habitats that this spiders inhabits are affected by forestry and silvicultural measures.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 44Number of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data on the distribution range of this species are not enough to estimate the precise number of locationsTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Many of the localities of this spider are affected by forestry and silvicultural measures.Extreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The population size is inferred to be declining probably due to the degradation of habitat caused by forestery and silvicultural practices.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been mainly found in rock crevices, among rocky debris, and in moss under roots in montane forests. This species has been also found in a cave near Villach, in Dobratsch.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownJustification for trend: Many of the forest habitats where this spiders has been found are affected by forestry and silvicultural measures .Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate3.4. Shrubland - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider shows minor specialisation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: The habitats where this species occurs are currently affected by alteration due to forestry and silvicultural measures .Threat type: OngoingThreats: 5.3. Biological resource use - Logging & wood harvestingTroglohyphantestauriscus was assessed in the category R of the Red List of endangered spiders for Carinthia, as considered extremely rare in the region . e region . In addiConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantesthaleriScientific name: Species authority: Miller & Polenec, 1975AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaAustriaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 60Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 210Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2212T.thaleri has been only found in a forest south of Ljutomer, Styria : 20847-29372,23156Trend: StableTroglohyphantesthaleri has been collected in a wide range of epigean habitats, from forests to alpine pastures and rocky lands. It is plausible that climate change may affect the habitat suitability of this species. However, in view of the relatively wide thermal tolerance and the relatively high dispersal ability of non-specialised species of Troglohyphantes : 11592-16012,14508Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to this species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This spider has been recorded in a wide range of habitats, such as in the litter of mixed beech-fir forests, in scrubby alpine pastures with mountain pines, in sparse spruce forests, and in rocky habitats such as at the base of detritus slope slides, in alpine screes and in dolines.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.thaleri has a wide distribution range and seems to adapt to various habitat types, therefore is not expected to experience any decline.Justification for trend: Despite some of the habitats where this species occurs are affected by direct human activities, such as forestry, silvicultural measures and watercourse exploitation , T.thaleHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate3.4. Shrubland - Temperate4.4. Grassland - Temperate6. Rocky areas 7.2. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Other Subterranean HabitatsSize: 2.9 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens show a low degree of morphological specialisation to subterranean life .T.thaleri occurs are currently affected by alteration due to forestry and silvicultural measures, and by watercourse exploitation and water dynamics alterations due to hydraulic engineering and water use : Suppl. material 61Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected in a few localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, together with the high altimetric range found in its distribution, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Consequently, it may be possible that the present known range of this species is underestimated.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 650Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1622Troglohyphantestrispinosus has been collected in a few epigean localities in Upper Carniola, Slovenia : 207Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 36Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Specimens have been found in humus and burrows of small mammals in thermophile beech forests.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateSize: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens show a low degree of morphological specialisation to subterranean life .Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This species was assessed as potentially threatened due to its rarity and listed in the category R of the Slovenian Red List of endangered plant and animal species . Some reConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as distribution, natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantestyphlonetiformisScientific name: Species authority: Absolon & Kratochvil, 1932AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaAustriaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 62Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedT.typhlonetiformis are good proxies for defining the AOO and EOO of this species.Basis (narrative): In light of its high level of subterranean specialisation, we assume that the known records of Min Elevation/Depth (m): 480Max Elevation/Depth (m): 800Range description: This species is known from four hypogean localities in Upper Carniola (northern Slovenia) and in Carinthia (southern Austria) : 170Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes in the future. Moreover, given the low tolerance to habitat changes of these species as well as their very low dispersal ability, a possible extreme reduction of the geographic range is expected in the future.Justification for trend: According to Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 16Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: Even though this species occurs in different caves, these are interpreted as a single location, as they are all affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species  a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 3Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes, likely hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats, each subpopulation of T.typhlonetiformis can reasonably occur in single isolated or few contiguous localities. Accordingly, for this species we identified three subpopulations, two of them occurring in Upper Carniola (northern Slovenia), near the municipalities of \u0160kofja Loka and Kranji, respectively : This species has been found exclusively in cave habitats. No additional information on the habitat was provided.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes species, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.typhlonetiformis as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.4 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species shows a high degree of specialisation to subterranean habitats, with absence of pigmentation and high regression of the eyes .Troglohyphantes species of the Western Alps , which amends the Carinthian Nature Conservation Act (LGBl. Nr. 79/2002).Justification for conservation actions: In Slovenia, this species has been considered as potentially threatened and included in the category R of the national Red List of endangered species . The typConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphantesvicinusScientific name: Species authority: Miller & Polenec, 1975AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: SloveniaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 63Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species was collected only in two localities. Its low level of subterranean specialisation, possibly reflects a higher dispersal capacity when compared to subterranean specialised species. Given this situation, any modelling of the current habitat suitability is unreliable, and the known distribution range should be taken with caution. Further research is needed on this species in order to assess its extinction risk.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1300Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1600Range description: This species is known exclusively from the Mount Ratitovec, in Upper Carniola, Slovenia : 8Trend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 8Number of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available are not enough to estimate the number of locations for this species.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The population size and trend are unknown.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Specimens have been found in small mammal burrows, in beech forest litter.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateSize: 2.3 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about the ecology and life history of this species.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.vicinus was considered as potentially threatened due to its rarity and included in the category R of the Slovenian Red List of endangered plant and animal species  or Photo(s): Fig. 15Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ItalyMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 64Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Caves in Western Alps have been extensively sampled, allowing to define EOO and AOO of this species with reasonable confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1140Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2471Troglohyphantesvignai has an area of distribution ranging from the Cottian Alps to the Northern Ligurian Alps, with a large distribution gap in the Maritime Alps : 832Trend: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance of this organism and its low dispersal ability Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, climate change is expected to affect the distribution of this species in the future. Given the reduced thermal tolerance of this organism and its low dispersal ability : 48Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: The habitat where this species occurs is affected by changes in subterranean microclimatic conditions due to climate change, which is expected to impact the whole population see .Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: In view of the reduced thermal tolerance of this species , alteratBasis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: 10Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Because of the adaptation to the subterranean habitat and of the narrow physiological tolerance of this species, hampering dispersal through non-subterranean habitats : g stones .Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps, a drastic decline in the habitat suitability of T.vignai as a consequence of climate change is expected.Justification for trend: As seen in Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 3.2 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoT.vignai shows a great thermal tolerance, reaching 50% mortality at temperature values 8\u00b0C above its cave temperature (Ecology and traits (narrative): Specimens of the southern subpopulations (Northern Ligurian Alps) exhibit a higher degree of specialisation to deep subterranean habitats compared with the northern subpopulations (Cottian Alps), with absence of pigmentation, eye reduction, and lowering of the cephalothorax profile . Accordiperature .Troglohyphantes of the Western Alps .Justification for conservation actions: Some of the caves where Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.TroglohyphanteswiehleiScientific name: Species authority: Miller & Polenec, 1975AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalReviewers: Marc MilnePaulo BorgesEditor: Pedro CardosoBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: CroatiaSloveniaAustriaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 65Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are known for this species. Therefore, it was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 148Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1870T.wiehlei extends from southern Austria across Slovenia to north-western Croatia : 10483-17564,13418Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 5152-12924,8444Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been mainly found in small mammal burrows, in moss, and under stones in mixed forests and shrublands. In the southern part of its range, it has been also collected in caves.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.wiehlei are as yet not threatened by direct human activities.Justification for trend: The habitats colonised by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate3.4. Shrubland - Temperate4.4. Grassland - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens show minor morphological adaptations to the subterranean life, with pigmentation and eyes normally developed .Justification for threats: The threats to this species are unknown.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.wiehlei is covered by several national parks, protected areas and sites of the Natura 2000 network. In Austria, this species was listed in the category R of the Red List of endangered spiders for Carinthia : Suppl. material 66Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Despite the relatively high number of records of this non-specialised species, the species distribution predicted by the models was found to be unreliable by our own expert opinion. In view of this, only the observed distribution range is presented.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 116Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2020Quercus\u2013Carpinetum) : 7664Trend: StableTroglohyphantes : 144Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to this species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The subpopulation occurring in the southern part of the range (Colli Euganei), is highly isolated within an intensively-managed agricultural matrix, hampering exchanges with other subpopulations occurring north, in the Central Lombard Prealps.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoT.zanoni have been frequently found at lower elevation in forests, while at higher elevation they have been found in a variety of cool habitats. Individuals have been collected also in hypogean habitats.Habitat (narrative): Specimens of Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableT.zanoni are as yet not threatened by direct human activities.Justification for trend: The habitats colonised by Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic)Size: 2.4 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Specimens show minor morphological specialisation to subterranean life, showing slight eye regression .Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatT.zanoni fall within several sites of the Natura 2000 network .Justification for conservation actions: The known records of Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: ImportantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research on basic information such as natural history, ecology and possible threats of the species would be needed.Troglohyphantes occurring in the Alps and in the north-western Dinarides .For 46 species, we derived geographic information, based on the known occurrences. In other cases (16 species), the number of occurrences allowed the application of Species Distribution Models. Four species were missing critical information to assess their status, being known on one or very few specimens or never being recorded after their original description , with an estimated EOO < 20,000 kmies Fig. . Only fi. 2 Fig. .Twenty species cover more than one country (seven of them more than two), whereas most of the species are restricted to one single country: 30 species occur only in Italy, 11 in Slovenia, three in Croatia, one in Austria and one in France Fig. .Trends in EOO, AOO and habitat quality were considered to be stable for 30 species Fig. . These sAlthough most of the species showing poor adaptation to subterranean life have relatively low extinction risk in view of their relatively wide thermal tolerance and the relatively high dispersal ability, there are a number of species with a very restricted distribution, requiring further research attention and protection measures.in situ . Urban development can impact habitats through physical degradation and fragmentation, pollution by solid and liquid municipal waste and railway and road construction, leading to drastic declines in natural populations.Habitat loss and land-use change due to urbanisation and infrastructure development are also considered to be important drivers of increased extinction risk in cave animals, although they were identified as the main reason for the declining AOO and EOO for two species only  here considered had at least one record in a site belonging to the Natura 2000 network and many of the subterranean occurrences have been collected in sites identified as Annex I habitats \u201cCaves not open to the public\u201d (Habitat 8310). However, most of the species assessed have a narrow distribution range that seldom overlaps with protected areas and many habitats of high conservation value for the T.liburnicus, is strictly legally protected in Croatia according to the Nature Protection Act .In addition, only 14 species (21%) are mentioned in national and sub-national legislation (Austria and Croatia). Almost all of them (13 species) have been listed in the 59th Regulation of the Carinthian State Government of 2015 (LGBl. Nr. 59/2015) and are fully protected from capture, collection, killing and disturbance according to the Carinthian Nature Conservation Act 2002 (LGBl. Nr. 79/2002). One species, Of all species considered in this study, 25 (38%) are mentioned in regional Red Lists. Fifteen species are listed in the Red List of Slovenia  and consT.gracilis, T.similis and T.spinipes) are listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List, based on their restricted geographical distribution Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615561.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615561Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.05E63CA0-7F41-599A-A828-A3C04D42983D10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl13Supplementary material 13Troglohyphantescruentus Brignoli, 1971Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615562.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615562Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.6F717FB9-C85D-50F8-B2D1-A3638315774D10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl14Supplementary material 14Troglohyphantesdelphinicus Isaia & Mammola, 2021Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615565.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615565Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.C636D9C1-4AA4-5CDD-ACD3-84C37B1A639D10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl15Supplementary material 15Troglohyphantesdiabolicus Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_684744.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/684744Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.36CDA094-3310-5273-B46B-FE71CE1C0AF510.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl16Supplementary material 16Troglohyphantesdominici Pesarini, 1988Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_652831.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/652831Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.F12230FF-AB0A-572C-907C-8880FEE0207A10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl17Supplementary material 17Troglohyphantesexcavatus Fage, 1919Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615579.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615579Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.7273AAB7-7A4E-5640-953A-1E27735012C410.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl18Supplementary material 18Troglohyphantesexul Thaler, 1987Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615581.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615581Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.11A13E4B-DD56-59C8-A0FC-92C22AF5098710.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl19Supplementary material 19Troglohyphantesfagei Roewer, 1931Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615584.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615584Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.7CE83390-4D09-54E2-9C2A-D847DBA9AE3D10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl20Supplementary material 20Troglohyphantesfatalis Pesarini, 1988Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_652966.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/652966Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.31E5D914-F786-5D89-A73F-83EC6D24DAD710.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl21Supplementary material 21Troglohyphantesgamsi Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615591.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615591Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.9C42E7EB-E378-5FE5-9F59-A77EADED033010.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl22Supplementary material 22Troglohyphantesgestroi Fage, 1933Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_678351.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/678351Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.3AFB2C65-FB15-5B0D-9FF8-DDC4138D457B10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl23Supplementary material 23Troglohyphantesgiachinoi Isaia & Mammola, 2018Data typeDistributionFile: oo_632088.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/632088Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.AA6D2A45-FFED-58B1-9662-DF44E286480210.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl24Supplementary material 24Troglohyphantesgracilis Fage, 1919Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615594.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615594Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.DDCEA889-F3FB-56B2-B552-2BD80874927210.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl25Supplementary material 25Troglohyphanteshelsdingeni Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615595.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615595Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.F90E83BB-D23E-57BC-A6BF-AB92AB1002AD10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl26Supplementary material 26Troglohyphanteshenroti Dresco, 1956Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615596.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615596Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.25480F94-493F-5856-AE1A-FE4280FD83A710.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl27Supplementary material 27Troglohyphantesiulianae Brignoli, 1971Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615597.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615597Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.EB494494-CAC4-53EE-B24B-D3FA8941DB5110.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl28Supplementary material 28Troglohyphantesjamatus Roewer, 1931Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615598.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615598Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.9976A83D-354E-5102-985D-5673B26846C610.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl29Supplementary material 29Troglohyphantesjuris Thaler, 1982Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615600.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615600Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.7830CDF7-53D5-585D-8E05-3E6295AA553810.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl30Supplementary material 30Troglohyphanteskarawankorum Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615601.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615601Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.2A025B64-6DEE-596F-948C-A2EBAC3A2C1F10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl31Supplementary material 31Troglohyphanteskonradi Brignoli, 1975Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615602.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615602Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.F776655C-3ECA-5F7E-ABF3-3E27FDA0D37B10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl32Supplementary material 32Troglohyphanteskordunlikanus Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615604.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615604Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.9ADFCEF0-AAD2-5675-9283-30891BD1CDA710.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl33Supplementary material 33Troglohyphanteslanai Isaia & Pantini, 2010Data typeDistributionFile: oo_632090.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/632090Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.EBA323A1-6BC6-5262-8C71-AAEEA657406C10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl34Supplementary material 34Troglohyphanteslatzeli Thaler, 1986Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615607.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615607Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.B0BDA937-DCB6-5B8B-9B40-1AB05A32431210.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl35Supplementary material 35Troglohyphanteslessinensis Caporiacco, 1936Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_667110.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/667110Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.6AE40555-5F4D-5DAE-9B0B-28AB9878D20610.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl36Supplementary material 36Troglohyphantesliburnicus Caporiacco, 1927Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615611.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615611Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.731E3ED1-53FC-5718-8EB4-043983D4096110.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl37Supplementary material 37Troglohyphanteslucifer Isaia, Mammola & Pantini, 2017Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615612.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615612Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.6A258585-6CF4-59AA-958A-5D1C124BF21110.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl38Supplementary material 38Troglohyphanteslucifuga Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615613.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615613Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.11D8D056-B2C3-5777-A832-01D7BF80C27810.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl39Supplementary material 39Troglohyphantesmicrocymbium Pesarini, 2001Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615614.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615614Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.FDE3FCEF-5864-56ED-8A3F-23D74CB4822F10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl40Supplementary material 40Troglohyphantesnigraerosae Brignoli, 1971Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615616.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615616Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.8A5B56DB-C1AE-535E-AA3F-0EDBDA6C29D610.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl41Supplementary material 41Troglohyphantesnoricus Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615628.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615628Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.C5C0E4B6-DAD9-5AC5-BFB7-9E9C8CECDBCC10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl42Supplementary material 42Troglohyphantesnovicordis Thaler, 1978Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615629.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615629Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.051805F6-3CC4-5384-9F86-941D0034464D10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl43Supplementary material 43Troglohyphantespavesii Pesarini, 1988Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615630.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615630Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.789701D1-1DAA-577E-BB71-339E962AB71410.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl44Supplementary material 44Troglohyphantespedemontanus Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615631.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615631Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.521096E2-1D75-5608-A41C-EC4985BAA67F10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl45Supplementary material 45Troglohyphantespluto Caporiacco, 1938Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615632.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615632Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.BE6AF4F0-1732-5D5E-9EFA-B2E8C5599A2C10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl46Supplementary material 46Troglohyphantespoleneci Wiehle, 1964Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_617741.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/617741Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.E2B795AE-B1A6-589E-A368-1E1F533A6E6D10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl47Supplementary material 47Troglohyphantespolyophthalmus Joseph, 1882Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615644.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615644Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.60BE71AD-E30A-511C-948D-8305E4DED04210.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl48Supplementary material 48Troglohyphantesregalini Pesarini, 1989Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615646.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615646Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.009C9BA2-7D53-5340-8156-B5CF1863954B10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl49Supplementary material 49Troglohyphantesruffoi Caporiacco, 1936Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615647.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615647Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.884DC604-500D-5F90-9BB5-465EA64E1E5310.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl50Supplementary material 50Troglohyphantessbordonii Brignoli, 1975Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615649.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615649Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.697956FD-DE7E-5618-A42B-D8F10C5B573110.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl51Supplementary material 51Troglohyphantessciakyi Pesarini, 1989Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615651.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615651Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.AF995254-459D-59D3-9C71-A204AE5DE9A910.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl52Supplementary material 52Troglohyphantesscientificus Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615654.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615654Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.B2208101-DD81-5E0F-8718-7CAB49EF821F10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl53Supplementary material 53Troglohyphantessimilis Fage, 1919Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_651141.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/651141Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.D6CC68DA-765A-57CC-B095-81F5D1D013CA10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl54Supplementary material 54Troglohyphantessketi Deeleman-Reinhold, 1978Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615660.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615660Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.40DD74FD-4DC4-5900-B4B8-DB131A28E39110.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl55Supplementary material 55Troglohyphantessordellii Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_667111.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/667111Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.3FB00363-D41B-5D45-AAF5-9C65B36B333910.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl56Supplementary material 56Troglohyphantesspatulifer Pesarini, 2001Data typeDistributionFile: oo_632091.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/632091Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.6DB9194D-E684-54E1-9BD5-BFD5DAE5643B10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl57Supplementary material 57Troglohyphantesspinipes Fage, 1919Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615664.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615664Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.6F83DC78-7317-5FDD-BF10-E0032CEE18AD10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl58Supplementary material 58Troglohyphantessubalpinus Thaler, 1967Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_673013.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/673013Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.B86495BD-91E8-5057-90BF-E367FCEE248410.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl59Supplementary material 59Troglohyphantestauriscus Thaler, 1982Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615666.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615666Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.2A593394-96A5-5FDA-AA8D-42B02439A06010.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl60Supplementary material 60Troglohyphantesthaleri Miller & Polenec, 1975Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_673046.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/673046Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.E60BBC1D-14D1-554A-9229-AF72D66C713C10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl61Supplementary material 61Troglohyphantestrispinosus Miller & Polenec, 1975Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615670.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615670Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.D0633679-3778-52F4-B16F-B9FDF9CF9AB710.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl62Supplementary material 62Troglohyphantestyphlonetiformis Absolon & Kratochvil, 1932Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615672.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615672Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.45E8C6D1-6BC2-5EDD-9BA9-C178B086534010.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl63Supplementary material 63Troglohyphantesvicinus Miller & Polenec, 1975Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615675.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615675Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.20204590-14BA-589A-87E1-78EF63D6604910.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl64Supplementary material 64Troglohyphantesvignai Brignoli, 1971Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615676.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615676Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.03AE8F79-CE54-557C-B44B-B5EF4C0C662B10.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl65Supplementary material 65Troglohyphanteswiehlei Miller & Polenec, 1975Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_615677.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/615677Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.F93C3918-7626-5E06-8E00-99737581DCA610.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl66Supplementary material 66Troglohyphanteszanoni Pesarini, 1988Distribution of Data typeDistributionFile: oo_667112.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/667112Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M.B1A3A435-7AED-5DB0-949D-BE334BF8E10810.3897/BDJ.10.e87261.suppl67Supplementary material 67Troglohyphantes species considered in this workOccurrence records of Data typeOccurrencesFile: oo_684741.xlsxhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/684741Milano F., Borio L., Komposch C., Mammola S., Pantini P., Pavlek M., Isaia M."}
{"text": "Cerebral Cortex, 2021, bhab447, https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab447.This is a correction to: Gunnar Norrman, Emanuel Bylund, Guillaume Thierry, Irreversible Specialization for Speech Perception in Early International Adoptees, In the originally published version of this manuscript, the following funding statement was omitted from the Funding section:\u201cGT is supported by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (NAWA) under the NAWA Chair Programme (PPN/PRO/2020/1/00006)\u201dThis error has been corrected."}
{"text": "Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostic testing for BSIs, such as the BioFire FilmArray\u00ae Blood Culture Identification (BCID) Panel, has the potential to shorten time to appropriate therapy and duration of overly broad-spectrum antibiotics. The clinical benefit of PCR-based diagnostic technologies for BSIs has been demonstrated but data supporting their utility in larger multi-center settings are limited. This study sought to evaluate outcomes associated with the implementation of the BioFire BCID in the US Veterans Affairs (VA) system.A retrospective multi-center pre-post quasi-experimental study was performed among patients admitted to any VA hospital that adopted BioFire BCID Panel for \u2265 1 year. Patients with \u2265 1 BSI due to bacteria on the BioFire BCID Panel  were included. Exclusion criteria were polymicrobial BSI or death within 48 hours of BSI. Patients were categorized into two groups: i) BSI in the 1-year prior to implementation (pre-BCID) and ii) 1-year post implementation (post-BCID). Post-BCID period commenced 2 months after first BCID-BSI. Outcomes included early de-escalation, defined as a reduction in antimicrobial spectrum score within 48 hours of index BSI, time to appropriate therapy, 30-day mortality, and 90-day CDI incidence.n=2088 pre-BCID; n=2011 post- BCID). Groups were similar at baseline (Table). BioFire BCID implementation was associated with an improvement in early de-escalation  and reduction in median (IQR) time to appropriate therapy . There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality  or CDI  between BCID groups.A total of 4099 patients across 33 VA facilities met study criteria (In this large VA cohort study, implementation of the BioFire BCID panel was associated with a significant improvement in early antimicrobial de-escalation and time to appropriate therapy. These data suggest this rapid diagnostic technology aids in optimization of antimicrobial use in hospitalized VA patients with BSIs.Nicholas Britt, PharmD, MS, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Karim Khader, PhD, BioFire Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support Tristan T. Timbrook, PharmD, bioMerieux: Employee of bioMerieux Thomas Lodise, Jr., Pharm.D., PhD, BioFire Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|cidara: Advisor/Consultant|cidara: Honoraria|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Spero: Advisor/Consultant|Venatrox: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "Public health surveillance indicates that there is a high population-based incidence of laboratory-confirmed hospitalized CDI cases in the United States. Although reported CDI cases are identified via standard-of-care (SOC) specimen collection and CDI testing practices, the impact of SOC misdiagnosis on the reported CDI incidence is uncertain.>50 years = 276 456). Study stool specimens from inpatients with diarrhea were screened by rapid GDH/toxin membrane enzyme immunoassay and the positive samples tested by PCR and cell cytotoxicity neutralization assay (CCNA). A study CDI case was a patient with PCR positive/CCNA positive stool or PCR positive stool with pseudomembranous colitis (PMC). Incidence (non-recurrent CDI cases/100 000 persons aged >50 years per year [PY]) was adjusted for the hospitalization share of participating hospitals and, in a sensitivity analysis, for patients with diarrhea without a CDI test result. SOC stool specimen CDI testing occurred independent of the study.Active surveillance from Oct 14, 2019, to Apr 11, 2020, identified inpatients aged \u226550 years with diarrhea (\u22653 stools with Bristol score \u22655 in 24 hours) at all wards at 8 of the 9 adult hospitals in Louisville, Kentucky  had PMC, 36 (33.0%) were admitted to intensive care, and 21 (19.3%) died during the 90-day follow-up. Study hospitalized CDI incidence was 154/100 000 PY . SOC hospitalized CDI incidence was 121/100 000 PY. Of the 109 study CDI cases, 44 (40%) were not SOC-diagnosed (SOC under-diagnosis). Of the 75 SOC CDI cases that also had study testing, 12 (16%) were not study CDI cases (SOC over-diagnosis). SOC-undiagnosed and SOC-diagnosed CDI cases had similar demographics, medical histories, and clinical outcomes. Study testing identified 24% more CDI cases than SOC testing.>50 years . Of the hospitalized CDI cases, one-third were admitted to ICU and one-fifth died. Public health surveillance estimates of the incidence of laboratory-confirmed hospitalized CDI cases, which are based on SOC testing, may be under-estimated by 24%.There was a high incidence of hospitalized CDI in persons aged Frederick Angulo, DVM PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Joann M. Zamparo, MPH, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Elisa Gonzalez, MPH, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Pingping Zhang, MS, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Michael W. Pride, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Sharon Gray, MPH, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Catia Matos Ferreira, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Forest W. Arnold, DO, MSc, Gilead Sciences, Inc.: Grant/Research Support Raul E. Isturiz, MD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Nadia Minarovic, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Jennifer Moisi, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Luis Jodar, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-022-15172-z, published online 29 June 2022Correction to: The original version of this Article contained errors in Table 1, where values in column \u201cControl\u201d, under the subheading \u201cClinical/biochemical data\u201d were omitted for TC (mmol/l), TG (mmol/l), HDL-c (mmol/l) and LDL-c (mmol/l). The complete and incomplete tables appear below.Incomplete:Complete:The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "SAB is common, serious, and potentially lethal. Antibiotic options are limited, especially for MRSA. Ceftobiprole is an advanced-generation cephalosporin with bactericidal activity against Gram-positive (including MRSA) and Gram-negative pathogens, with efficacy and safety demonstrated in previous Phase 3 studies in acute bacterial skin infections and pneumonia. The present study evaluated ceftobiprole in patients with complicated SAB.ERADICATE was a randomized (1:1), double-blind, multicenter, Phase 3, non-inferiority trial comparing ceftobiprole (BPR) vs daptomycin (DAP) \u00b1 optional aztreonam, for up to 42 days of treatment, in patients with complicated SAB (NCT03138733). The primary efficacy endpoint was overall clinical success 70 days post-randomization, adjudicated by a blinded independent Data Review Committee. Success required survival, no new SAB complications, symptom improvement, SAB clearance, and no receipt of other potentially effective antibiotics. The non-inferiority margin for the difference in success rates was -15% . Safety was assessed through adverse events (AE) and laboratory data.S. aureus (94 MRSA). Median treatment duration was 21 days for both groups. Key baseline characteristics were balanced . In the BPR group 69.8% experienced success, compared to 68.7% for DAP . There were no significant differences in mortality, microbiological eradication, or in key subgroup analyses . The proportion of patients experiencing \u22651 AE was 63% for BPR and 59% for DAP. Treatment-related severe or serious AEs were infrequent. Gastrointestinal AEs, mostly mild nausea, were more frequent with BPR, consistent with data from previous Phase 3 studies.Of 390 patients randomized, 387  were in the modified intent-to-treat (mITT) population who received study medication and had a positive baseline blood culture for Ceftobiprole is non-inferior to daptomycin for overall success in patients with complicated SAB. All-cause mortality, microbiological eradication rates and new SAB complications were similar between treatment groups. Both treatments were well tolerated.Thomas L. Holland, MD, Aridis: Advisor/Consultant|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Advisor/Consultant|Karius: Advisor/Consultant|Lysovant: Advisor/Consultant Sara E. Cosgrove, MD, Basilea: Advisor/Consultant|Debiopharma: Advisor/Consultant Sarah B. Doernberg, MD, MAS, Basilea: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Johnson and Johnson: Advisor/Consultant|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support Maziar Assadi Gehr, MD, Basilea Pharmaceutica: full time employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd Marc Engelhardt, MD, Basilea Pharmaceutica: full time employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd Kamal Hamed, MD, Basilea Pharmaceutica: previous full time employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd|Lysovant: full time employee of Lysovant Daniel Ionescu, MD, Basilea Pharmaceutica: full time employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd Mark Jones, PhD, Basilea Pharmaceutica: full time employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd Mikael Sauley, MSc, Basilea Pharmaceutica: full time employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd Jennifer Smart, PhD, Basilea Pharmaceutica: full time employee of Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd Harald Seifert, MD, Basilea Pharmaceutica: Advisor/Consultant|Debiopharm: Advisor/Consultant|Eumedica: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant Timothy C. Jenkins, MD, Basilea: Clinical outcomes adjudication committee Vance G. Fowler, Jr, MD, MHS, Armata Valanbio Akagera Aridis Roche: Advisor/Consultant|BASILEA: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Novartis Debiopharm Genentech: Advisor/Consultant|MedImmune Bayer Janssen Contrafect Regeneron Destiny Amphliphi Integrated Bioth: Advisor/Consultant|NIH MedImmune Allergan Theravance Novartis Merck Contrafect Karius Genentech Regeneron Janssen: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "There is a continued need for therapeutics for the treatment of COVID-19, including intramuscular (IM) agents, which will enable broader use across a variety of healthcare delivery settings.D1-8) in nasopharyngeal swabs and predefined 90% confidence interval (CI) limits of 0.5-2.0 indicating equivalence.COMET-PEAK (NCT04779879) is a 3-part study evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (Part A), and viral pharmacodynamics (PD) of sotrovimab as treatment in adults \u2265 18 years with early mild/moderate COVID-19. In Parts B and C, the safety, tolerability and viral PD of sotrovimab administered as a 500 mg intravenous (IV) infusion or as a 500 mg or 250 mg IM injection, respectively, was evaluated. The primary objective for Parts B and C was to compare the virologic response of sotrovimab IM to IV, with an endpoint of mean area under the curve (AUC) of SARS-CoV-2 viral load as measured by qRT-PCR from Day 1 to Day 8  of sotrovimab IM vs IV was 1.04  and 1.02 , for Part B and C, respectively.The viral load at baseline and through Day 29 of follow-up for each arm is shown in Table\u00a01 and Figure\u00a01. The primary objective was met for both study parts: the ratio of the least square geometric mean viral load AUCThrough Day 29 of follow-up, the most common adverse event was injection site reactions (ISRs) in the IM arms. A total of 10 (12%) participants in the 500 mg IM group and 4 (5%) participants in the 250 mg IM group experienced an ISR, all Grade 1. Serious adverse events were uncommon, and related to COVID-19 progression, including one death in the 250 mg IM arm (Table\u00a02). ISRs aside, there were few treatment-related AEs  in Part B, none serious.IM administration of sotrovimab 500 mg and 250 mg each demonstrated equivalence to 500 mg sotrovimab IV in viral load assessments. Overall, there were no treatment-related serious AEs and sotrovimab was well tolerated. An 500 mg IM formulation will allow for expanded treatment potential with sotrovimab.Vir/GSK (NCT04779879).Anil K. Gupta, MD, Vir Biotechnology: Advisor/Consultant|Vir Biotechnology: Grant/Research Support|Vir Biotechnology: Speaker Moti Ramgopal, MD, FACP, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences Inc.: Honoraria|Gilead Sciences Inc.: Stocks/Bonds|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria|GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Grant/Research Support|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Honoraria|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria|Merck: Stocks/Bonds|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Jennifer Han, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Employee Jennifer Moore, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Employee Rudrani Banerjee, PhD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Phillip Yates, PhD, GSK: Employee during conduct of this research|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Jill Walker, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Employee Gretja Schnell, PhD, Vir Biotechnology: Employee|Vir Biotechnology: Stocks/Bonds Mary Beth Connolly, PharmD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Andrea L. Cathcart, PhD, Vir Biotechnology: Employee|Vir Biotechnology: Stocks/Bonds Varsha Imber, MSc, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Rabia Anselm, n/a, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Lindsay Winograd, MSc, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Nancy Haeusser, n/a, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Scott Segal, MD, GSK: Employee|GSK: Stocks/Bonds Andrew Skingsley, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Employee|GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds Melissa Aldinger, PharmD, Vir Biotechnology: Employee|Vir Biotechnology: Stocks/Bonds Amanda Peppercorn, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Employee|GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is associated with increased morbidity and mortality following solid organ and hematopoietic cell transplantation. Currently, standard of care CMV treatments often have significant myelosuppressive or renal toxicities. Given letermovir\u2019s favorable safety profile when used prophylactically, it may be a safe and efficacious alternative agent for CMV treatment.A proof-of-concept, open-label trial was conducted in patients who lacked effective therapeutic options or presented with baseline organ dysfunction. Participants were eligible for enrollment if they were \u226512 years old and had documented CMV infection refractory to treatment defined as failure to achieve >1 log reduction in CMV viral load (VL) (when VL > 500 IU/mL) or lack of clinical improvement for CMV end-organ disease after \u226514 days of standard CMV treatment. Alternatively, patients with severe myelosuppression and renal dysfunction at baseline or genotypic antiviral resistance were also eligible. Participants were excluded if their current CMV infection developed while receiving letermovir for CMV prophylaxis. Letermovir was administered daily (480 mg PO/IV) for up to 12 weeks, with optional additional 12 weeks of treatment for secondary prophylaxis if clinically indicated.Ten patients met eligibility criteria and were enrolled. Reasons for enrollment included ganciclovir resistance (1/10), refractory CMV infection (6/10), renal dysfunction (7/10), and myelosuppression (7/10). The median baseline CMV VL was 1272 IU/ml . Six patients completed the study, three died due to complications of primary disease, and one discontinued due to diarrhea. Five patients (50%) had documented CMV viremia clearance, with a median time to first unquantifiable/undetectable CMV VL of 13 days  and a median treatment duration of 53 days . Infections and GI disorders were the most common adverse events (AE), none considered related to study drug. No unexpected AE were observed during letermovir treatment.Letermovir may be a safe and tolerable alternative for patients with treatment refractory CMV infection or for patients with severe baseline myelosuppression and renal dysfunction.Matthew Cheng, MD, AstraZeneca: Honoraria|Cidara Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis Inc.: Grant/Research Support Sandra Burchett, MD, MSc, merck: Grant/Research Support Sarah P. Hammond, MD, F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support Nicolas C. Issa, MD, AiCuris: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support Francisco M. Marty, MD, SM, AlloVir: Advisor/Consultant|Amplyx: Advisor/Consultant|Amplyx: Grant/Research Support|Ansun: Grant/Research Support|Avir: Advisor/Consultant|Chimerix: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Kyorin: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Advisor/Consultant|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|ReViral: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Grant/Research Support|United Medical: Advisor/Consultant|WHISCO: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Cefiderocol is a parenteral siderophore cephalosporin with potent activity against aerobic Gram-negative pathogens, including carbapenem-resistant strains. We evaluated the A total of 11434 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli were systematically collected from 16 EU countries, Israel and Turkey in 2020 and 2021. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution for a panel of twenty-two antibiotics according to CLSI guidelines. All antibiotics were tested in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) except for cefiderocol, for which iron-depleted CAMHB was used. Susceptibility was determined according to CLSI breakpoints, and DTR pathogens were defined as being resistant to cefepime, ceftazidime ceftriaxone, imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin according to CLSI breakpoints.st line therapy including cephalosporins, carbapenems and fluoroquinolone and could be defined as DTR. DTR was most frequently observed in Acinetobacter spp. , Enterobacterales  and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Ampicillin/sulbactam was active in less than 1% of the DTR-Acinetobacter spp isolates. None of the drugs recommended by the IDSA for the treatment of resistant Gram-negative infections were as potent as cefiderocol (Table\u00a01).Among 11434 Gram-negative isolates collected in 2020 and 2021, 792 (7.0%) were resistant to all 1Cefiderocol was the only treatment option with demonstrated in vitro activity against more than 95% of all the tested DTR Gram-negative pathogens with limited treatment options.Anne Laurence Santerre Henriksen, PhD, Shionogi: Contractor|UTILITY therapeutics Ltd: Advisor/Consultant Christopher M. Longshaw, PhD, Shionogi: Employee Dee Shortridge, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|JMI Laboratory: Employee|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Jennifer M. Streit, BS, MT(ASCP), Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Miki Takemura, n/a, Shionogi: Employee Yoshinori Yamano, PhD, Shionogi: Employee."}
{"text": "Here, we report near-complete genome sequences of three foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated in 2016 from bovine and porcine epithelial tissue samples collected in Nonthaburi, Songkhla, and Ratchaburi provinces, Thailand. These viruses were classified as serotype O, topotype ME-SA, and sublineage Ind-2001e. Aphthovirus, Picornaviridae) causes FMD, which is the most contagious disease of cloven-hoofed mammals, characterized by vesicles on the feet and in oral cavities (Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus  (LC438822) (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi). These genomes were classified as O/ME-SA/Ind-2001e by phylogenetic analysis together with sequences obtained from the GenBank database  under BioProject accession number PRJDB14377 and DRA Run accession number DRR408791 (O/TAI/269-2/2016), BioProject accession number PRJDB14378 and DRA Run accession number DRR408792 (O/TAI/315/2016), and BioProject accession number PRJDB14379 and DRA Run accession number DRR408793 (O/TAI/317-3/2016).The nucleotide sequences of the three FMDVs reported here were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers"}
{"text": "Pontonidessibogae was collected from a dendrophylliid coral by trimix SCUBA diving at a depth of 75 m during fieldwork around Jejudo Island, Korea in 2020. The morphology of the specimen corresponds closely to the main diagnostic characters of the holotype, especially in the presence of a distinct tubercle on the eyestalk, as well as the second pereiopod with fusiform setae along the dorsal border of the ischium.A single specimen of Pontonides had previously not been reported from Korean waters. Herein, colour photographs are provided, as well as an illustrated description including previously unreported characteristics.The genus  Pontonides Borradaile, 1917 currently comprises seven hexacoral-associated species from tropical to temperate waters on the Indo-West Pacific: Pontonidesmaldivensis  (type species); P.unciger Calman, 1939; P.asperulatus Bruce, 2005; P.loloata Bruce, 2005; P.sibogae Bruce, 2005; P.ankeri Marin, 2007; and P.tatianae Marin, 2007 , based on the specimen assigned by P.unciger, using the presence of the tubercle on the eyestalk as a diagnostic character. The material described by Pontonidescf.sibogae on their host coral, Dendrophyllia sp., from an unspecified location in Japan. No further records of the species are known to date.P.sibogae was collected on a scleractinian dendrophylliid coral by trimix SCUBA diving at a depth from 75 m. In the present study, we recorded this species and indeed, the genus as a whole, as a new addition to the Korean fauna, including colour photographs, illustrations and a detailed description.During fieldwork in the waters surrounding Jejudo Island, Korea in January 2020, a single specimen of Pontonidessibogae was collected from the scleractinian dendrophylliid coral Dendrophyllia sp. with the aid of trimix diving at a depth of 75 m in Munseom Islet. Habitats were recorded using a digital camcorder  in an underwater housing . Photographs of the specimen were taken using a digital camera  with a high-definition lens . Field collection number (fcn) was recorded and the sample preserved in 80% ethanol for morphological and molecular examinations. Morphological characteristics were observed using a stereomicroscope . Images for digital drawings were taken and postorbital carapace length  was measured from the postorbital margin to the posterior dorsal margin of the carapace using a microscope-mounted digital camera  and Leica software . Digital line drawings were made using Helicon focus software  and a drawing tablet  with Adobe Illustrator software  following the method described by Faunal surveys around Jejudo Island, Korea were organised in 2020 jointly by Seoul National University (SNU), the Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK) and the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR). A single specimen of Bruce, 2005B2660DC5-4BFD-58A7-87AA-1BADFC75BC9Ahttps://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=389607Pontonidessibogae Bruce, 2005 - Pontonidesunciger - Pontonidescf.sibogae - Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordNumber: JH1109; recordedBy: Jin-Ho Park; Damin Lee; Sang-Hui Lee; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult (pocl 2.4 mm); reproductiveCondition: ovigerous; preparations: whole animal; dissected  (ETOH); Taxon: scientificNameID: urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:389607; scientificName: Pontonidessibogae Bruce, 2005; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda; family: Palaemonidae; genus: Pontonides; specificEpithet: sibogae; taxonRank: species; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: higherGeography: East Asia; Korea; Jejudo Island; Munseom Islet; waterBody: West Pacific Ocean; island: Jejudo Island; country: Korea; countryCode: Korea/KR; locality: SW Munseom Islet, 33.225092\u00b0 126.563375\u00b0, 75 m in depth (fcn JH1109); verbatimDepth: 75 m; decimalLatitude: 33.225092; decimalLongitude: 126.563375; Identification: identifiedBy: Jin-Ho Park; Event: samplingProtocol: Trimix SCUBA diving; eventDate: 2020-01-15; fieldNotes: Dendrophyllia sp. (leg. DM Lee)from a colonial dendrophylliid coral ; Record Level: language: kr & en; institutionID: NIBRIV0000896187; collectionID: fcn JH1109; institutionCode: National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR)Small-sized palaemonid shrimp, body flattened dorsoventrally.Carapace Fig. A and B sAbdominal pleura of first to fifth somite rounded Fig. C. Sixth Telson Fig. D and E aEye Fig. A and B wAntennule Fig. A and B wAntenna Fig. A and B wMandible Fig. A withoutMaxillula Fig. B with biMaxilla Fig. C with taFirst maxilliped Fig. D with diSecond maxilliped Fig. E with coThird maxilliped Fig. F with coFirst pereiopod Fig. A coxa anSecond pereiopods similar in shape, unequal in size. Major second pereiopod Fig. C coxa anMinor second pereiopod Fig. F coxa anAmbulatory pereiopods subequal in shape; left fourth pereiopod slightly shorter and more slender than right third and fifth; right ambulatory pereiopods subequal in length. Third pereiopod Fig. A coxa anFourth pereiopod Fig. C coxa anFifth pereiopod Fig. E coxa anUropods Fig. D extendiThe single collected specimen exhibits cryptic colouration in relation to the host species Fig. . Body anThe species is currently reported in tropical to temperate waters in the West Pacific Ocean, as follows: Indonesia , Japan (Amakusa Island), and Korea (Jejudo Island)   Fig. C. The hoPontonidessibogae examined herein corresponds closely to the main diagnostic characters and the illustrations of the holotype .The present specimen was found in association with the scleractinian coral"}
{"text": "Despite the recognized value of life-course vaccination, adult vaccine uptake remains low. State-level vaccination coverage disparities may be associate with state-level variables . The objective of this study was to identify state-level variables associated with increased adult vaccination coverage rates (VCR) in the US for influenza, tetanus, herpes zoster (HZ), and pneumococcal vaccines over time.Retrospective, exploratory database analysis of 2011-2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data was used to calculate state-level VCRs for adults 18-64 years old. Using publicly available data, state-level variables associated with increases in VCRs were identified via a systematic variable selection. The multivariable regression models included variables meeting the criteria: correlations > 0.4 or < -0.4 (continuous) or Kruskal-Wallis Test p-value < 0.2 .Final multivariable regression models included 5 variables: Medicaid expansion status, accountable care organizations in place, health homes program, percentage of adults who report not seeing a doctor in past 12 months because of cost, and percentage of adults who report participating in any physical activity.Influenza: percentage of adults who report participating in any physical activity (p = .01)Pneumococcal: percentage of adults who report not seeing a doctor in the past 12 months because of cost (p = .02)HZ: health homes (p = .04); percentage of adults who report participating in any physical activity or exercise (p = .01); percentage of adults who report not seeing a doctor in past 12 months because of cost Tetanus: noneIn the multivariable models, the following state-level variables were significantly associated with changes in VCR:Few state-level variables demonstrated an association with changes in VCR but some significant findings were observed in final models. Associated variables may not have a direct relationship but may be associated with public health infrastructure supporting vaccination ecosystems. Further research is underway to better understand the factors affecting adult vaccination.Amanda Eiden, PhD, MBA, MPH, Merck & Co., Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Mark A. Price, MA, MEd, Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: I am an employee of RTI Health Solutions. Merck has contracted with my company to conduct the study described in the abstract. Alexandra Bhatti, JD, MPH, Merck & Co. Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Merck & Co. Inc.: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Numerous predictive clinical scores with varying discriminatory performance have been developed in the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To support clinical application, we test the transferability of the frequently applied 4C mortality score (4C score) to the German prospective Cross-Sectoral Platform (SUEP) of the National Pandemic Cohort Network (NAPKON) compared to the non COVID-19 specific quick sequential organ failure assessment score (qSOFA). Our project aims to externally validate these two scores, stratified for the most prevalent variants of concerns (VOCs) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Germany.A total of 685 adults with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-detected SARS-CoV-2 infection were included from NAPKON-SUEP. Patients were recruited from 11/2020 to 03/2022 at 34 university and non-university hospitals across Germany. Missing values were complemented using multiple imputation. Predictive performance for in-hospital mortality at day of baseline visit was determined by area under the curve (AUC) with 95%-confidence interval (CI) stratified by VOCs of SARS-CoV-2  .2-test: p=0.001) and the qSOFA does not seem to be a suitable tool in this context.Preliminary results suggest a high predictive performance of the 4C score for in-hospital mortality (Table\u00a01). This applies for the overall cohort (AUC 0.813 (95%CI 0.738-0.888)) as well as the VOC-strata ; delta: AUC 0.769 (95%CI 0.657-0.882); omicron: AUC 0.866 (95%CI 0.724-1.000)). The overall mortality rates across the defined 4C score risk groups are 0.3% (low), 3.2% (intermediate), 11.6% (high), and 49.5% (very high). The 4C score performs significantly better than the qSOFA : Grant/Research Support|German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF): Grant/Research Support|German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF): Honoraria|German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF): Grant/Research Support|German Society for Infectious Diseases (DGI): Honoraria|German Society for Internal Medicine (DGIM): Honoraria|GILEAD: Advisor/Consultant|GILEAD: Grant/Research Support|GILEAD: Honoraria|Janssen: Honoraria|Merck / MSD: Grant/Research Support|Merck / MSD: Honoraria|Molecular Health: Honoraria|Netzwerk Universit\u00e4tsmedizin: Honoraria|NordForsk: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Rigshospitalet Copenhagen: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Honoraria|University Hospital Aachen: Honoraria|University Hospital Freiburg/ Congress and Communication: Honoraria|University of Bristol: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "In phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) demonstrated durable efficacy in treatment-naive (GEMINI-1/-2) and virologically suppressed switch  participants. Eligibility criteria for these RCTs included no history of treatment failure or any major nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor or integrase inhibitor\u2013associated mutations, no hepatitis B virus (HBV) or need for hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy, and viral load (VL) < 500,000 c/mL at screening (GEMINI) or < 50 c/mL for > 6 months . We analyzed real-world evidence (RWE) for DTG + 3TC use in people with HIV (PWH) with baseline characteristics not consistent with these inclusion criteria.\u00ae, Embase\u00ae, PubMed, Cochrane library, and relevant international conference proceedings from January 2013 to February 2022.We conducted a systematic literature review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis statement. RWE studies that reported on DTG + 3TC use in PWH were retrieved from Ovid MEDLINEThis review includes 122 publications from 103 RWE studies of 44 unique cohorts . In the 1 study that described outcomes in PWH with previous virologic failure , probability of VF at 1 year was low . In cohorts with > 10 PWH with baseline resistance that reported outcomes , VF was low (ranging from 0%-5.4% at \u223c1 year), and the difference in VF between those with or without M184V/I was not significant in 3 of 4 cohorts. A treatment-emergent resistance mutation  was observed in 1 PWH with evidence of baseline resistance. None of the 35 PWH with HBV experienced VF, and 89% (16/18) of treatment-naive PWH with baseline VL > 500,000 c/mL achieved virologic suppression at Week 24. There were no studies describing effectiveness outcomes in PWH with HCV who were receiving DTG/3TC.DTG + 3TC has been used in PWH with various baseline characteristics, including RCT exclusion criteria. Outcomes from published RWE in these subgroups further support the clinical data demonstrating the high effectiveness and barrier to resistance of DTG + 3TC.Jihad Slim, MD, FACP, abbvie- speaker bureau: Honoraria|Gilead Speaker Bureau: Honoraria|Janssen Speaker Bureau: Honoraria|Merck Speaker Bureau: Honoraria Douglas Ward, MD, ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Honoraria Stefan Schneider, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Madhusudan Kabra, BPharm, MSc, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Gustavo Verdier, BSc, BPharm, MBA, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare ULC: Salary Clifford B. Jones, BSc MSc MB ChB, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|viiv healthcare: Employee Emilio Letang, MD, MPH, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee."}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections, and 2) examine whether antimicrobial resistance in PA infections is associated with worsening functional status and higher health care resource utilization (HCRU).The aims of the study were to 1) evaluate the prevalence of multidrug resistant (MDR) /Extensively drug resistant (XDR) strains among hospitalized adults with PA as confirmed by local evaluation of microbiological results. MDR PA was defined as acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories. XDR PA was defined as acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimicrobial categories. HCRU metrics evaluated included hospital length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit (ICU) LOS.This multicenter prospective study was conducted in 9 large Italian teaching hospitals between June 2018-February 2020. We included patients aged \u226518 years with a diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia (NP), complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) or complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAI) due to PA were enrolled. The main baseline characteristics of overall patients were reported in Table\u00a01. Almost one-third of patients (28.4%) reported either MDR or XDR PA infection, with more patients experiencing MDR (Table\u00a01). Health care resource use stratified by patients with and without MDR/XDR status are reported in Table\u00a02. Overall, in our study population, median hospital LOS and ICU LOS were 42.0 (IQR=39.0) and 15.5 (IQR=37.0) days, respectively. There was a statistically significant longer median hospital LOS for patients with MDR/XDR infections compared to non MDR/XDR PA infections . ICU LOS also trended towards being longer for patients with MDR/XDR infections compared to those with non-MDR/XDR infections .A total of 95 patients with a nosocomial infection due to PA, particularly in those with cIAI. Overall, the present study may suggest a positive correlation between having MDR-XDR PA nosocomial infections  and increased HCRU that require further attention from a disease management perspective.MDR/XDR isolates were prevalent among patients with nosocomial infections due to Matteo Bassetti, PhD, Angelini: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Bayer: Advisor/Consultant|Bayer: Honoraria|BioMe \u00b4 rieux: Advisor/Consultant|BioMe \u00b4 rieux: Honoraria|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Honoraria|Cipla: Advisor/Consultant|Cipla: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|Menarini: Advisor/Consultant|Menarini: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Honoraria|Nabriva: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Board Member|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Honoraria|Tetraphase: Advisor/Consultant Francesco Menichetti, n/a, Aneglini: Advisor/Consultant|Aneglini: Board Member|Aneglini: Grant/Research Support|Aneglini: Honoraria|Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Honoraria|Becton: Advisor/Consultant|Becton: Honoraria|bioM\u00e9rieux: Advisor/Consultant|bioM\u00e9rieux: Honoraria|Biotest: Advisor/Consultant|Biotest: Board Member|Biotest: Honoraria|Bristol-Myers Squibb: Advisor/Consultant|Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria|Correvio: Advisor/Consultant|Correvio: Speaker honoraria|Dickinson: Advisor/Consultant|Dickinson: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Honoraria|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Speaker honoraria|Nordic pharma: Board Member|Nordic pharma: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Honoraria|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Honoraria|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Honoraria Nicola Petrosillo, n/a, Becton & Dickinson,: Honoraria|MSD: Honoraria|ohnson & Johnson: Honoraria|Pfizer: Honoraria|Shionogi: Honoraria."}
{"text": "The manogepix prodrug fosmanogepix is in Phase 2 development for the treatment of invasive mold infections caused by Aspergillus and rare molds (NCT04240886) and has completed Phase 2 studies for candidemia (NCT03604705) and C. auris (NCT04148287) infections. We evaluated the in vitro activity of manogepix and comparators against 2,810 geographically diverse fungal isolates collected in the SENTRY Surveillance Program during 2020-2021 and stratified them by infection type.Manogepix is a new antifungal with a novel mechanism of action and potent Antifungal susceptibility testing of manogepix and comparator agents was conducted according to CLSI M27 (2017) and M38 (2017) guidelines. Fungal surveillance isolates were collected from medical centers located in North America , Europe , Asia-Pacific , and Latin America . Infection sites included bloodstream infections , pneumonia in hospitalized patients , skin and skin structure infections , urinary tract infections , intra-abdominal infections , and other infection types (19.3%).in vitro activity against Candida spp. isolates  regardless of infection type (Table). Similarly, manogepix was highly active against 534 Aspergillus spp. isolates . Manogepix was active against 53 Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii , 19 Fusarium spp. , 12 Lomentospora prolificans , and 17 Scedosporium spp. isolates .Manogepix demonstrated potent in vitro activity against Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., C. neoformans var. grubii, and rare molds, including Fusarium spp., L. prolificans, and Scedosporium spp. isolates. Notable activity was also demonstrated by manogepix against C. auris isolates. Further clinical development of fosmanogepix in difficult-to-treat, resistant fungal infections is warranted.Manogepix showed potent Michael D. Huband, BS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Correction: BMC Health Serv Res 23, 10 (2023)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-022-09021-yFollowing publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect author names are: Withanarachchie Vinuli, Rychert Marta and Wilkins ChrisThe correct author names are: Vinuli Withanarachchie, Marta Rychert and Chris WilkinsThe author group has been updated above and the original article  has been"}
{"text": "Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA). S. aureus (SA) and PSA are common pathogens causing pneumonia in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. In this study, the in vitro susceptibilities of DLX and comparator quinolones were determined for clinical isolates from US CF patients collected during 2019-2021.Delafloxacin (DLX) is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibacterial approved in the US for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP) and acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. DLX is indicated to treat CABP caused by multiple pathogens, including methicillin-susceptible Isolates from CF patients hospitalized with pneumonia were consecutively collected at 17 US medical centers participating in the SENTRY Surveillance Program. Sites submitted 1 isolate per patient per infection episode. Isolate identification was determined at each site and confirmed using MALDI-TOF at JMI Laboratories. Susceptibility testing was performed according to CLSI broth microdilution methodology. FDA interpretive criteria were used for DLX, and CLSI (2022) criteria were applied to comparators.A total of 115 SA, including 72 MSSA and 67 PSA, were submitted. Susceptibilities (%S) to DLX, levofloxacin (LEV), and moxifloxacin (MOX) for MSSA are shown in the table. As MOX does not have breakpoints for PSA, ciprofloxacin (CIP) was tested. Against all SA, %S was 73.9%, 67.0%, and 67.0% for DLX, LEV, and MOX, respectively. DLX had the highest %S against MSSA (94.4%). The %S to LEV and MOX was 87.5% and 87.5%. DLX was also more active than comparators against PSA, with DLX 68.7%S, while LEV was 43.3%S and CIP was 50.7%S.in vitro data suggest that DLX could be a useful therapy when coverage of both MSSA and PSA is needed.DLX had good activity against recent CF isolates from US hospitals, and had the highest percent susceptibility of the quinolones tested against MSSA and PSA. These Dee Shortridge, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|JMI Laboratory: Employee|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Jennifer M. Streit, BS, MT(ASCP), Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Michael D. Huband, BS, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "VGCV is approved for prophylaxis in adult KTRs at high risk for CMV disease (donor CMV-seropositive/recipient CMV-seronegative [D+/R-]); however, its use is limited by myelosuppression. LET is non-myelotoxic, does not require dose modification in renal impairment, and is approved for prophylaxis of CMV infection and disease in adult CMV-seropositive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. This randomized, double-blind, Phase 3 non-inferiority study  evaluated CMV prophylaxis with LET vs. VGCV in adult CMV D+/R- KTRs.Adult CMV D+/R- KTRs were randomized 1:1 within 7 days post-kidney transplant (KT) to receive either LET 480 mg QD (PO/IV) with acyclovir , or VGCV , through Week 28 post-KT and followed up through Week 52 post-KT. Randomization was stratified by use of lymphocyte-depleting induction immunosuppression. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants (pts) with CMV disease adjudicated by blinded committee through Week 52 post-KT .Table\u00a01). Drug-related adverse events (AEs) were reported in 19.9% of pts with LET and 35.0% of pts with VGCV through Week 28 post-KT. The rate of discontinuations due to an AE was 4.1% in the LET arm and 13.5% in the VGCV arm (Table\u00a02). The incidence of neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 1000/\u00b5L) during the treatment phase was lower with LET than with VGCV .A total of 601 pts were randomized; 589 received \u2265 1 dose of study medication , of whom two had detectable CMV viral DNA on Day 1 and one was CMV R+ . The proportion of pts with CMV disease through Week 52 post-KT was 10.4% with LET vs. 11.8% with VGCV  KTRs through Week 52 post-KT, and led to a lower rate of myelotoxicity than VGCV.Ajit P. Limaye, MD, AiCuris: Advisor/Consultant|MedPace: Data Safety Monitoring Boards|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Novartis: Data Safety Monitoring Boards|Sana: Advisor/Consultant Klemens Budde, MD, Abbvie: Grant/Research Support|Abbvie: Honoraria|Alexion: Grant/Research Support|Alexion: Honoraria|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Astellas: Honoraria|Bristol Myers Squibb: Grant/Research Support|Bristol Myers Squibb: Honoraria|Chiesi: Grant/Research Support|Chiesi: Honoraria|CSL Behring: Grant/Research Support|CSL Behring: Honoraria|Fresenius: Grant/Research Support|Fresenius: Honoraria|Hansa: Grant/Research Support|Hansa: Honoraria|Hexal: Grant/Research Support|Hexal: Honoraria|Hookipa Biotech: Grant/Research Support|Hookipa Biotech: Honoraria|Merck Sharp & Dohme: Grant/Research Support|Merck Sharp & Dohme: Honoraria|Novartis: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Honoraria|Otsuka: Grant/Research Support|Otsuka: Honoraria|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Honoraria|Sandoz: Grant/Research Support|Sandoz: Honoraria|Shire: Grant/Research Support|Shire: Honoraria|Siemens: Grant/Research Support|Siemens: Honoraria|Takeda: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Honoraria|Veloxis: Grant/Research Support|Veloxis: Honoraria|Vitaeris: Grant/Research Support|Vitaeris: Honoraria Atul Humar, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Julia Garcia-Diaz, MD, Astellas Pharma US, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma US, Inc.: Speaker's Bureau Robert P. Carroll, BM BCh (Oxon), FRACP, DM (Oxon), Bristol Myers Squibb: Grant/Research Support|HANSA Biopharma: Advisor/Consultant Yoshihiko Murata, MD, PhD, Former employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.,: Stocks/Bonds Valerie L. Teal, MS, Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.,: Current Employee|Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.,: Stocks/Bonds Christopher L. Gilbert, n/a, Current employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc.,: Stocks/Bonds Barbara A. Haber, MD, Current employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co.,: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Candida and Aspergillus species, including azole- and echinocandin-resistant strains. A Phase 3 open-label, single-arm study of ibrexafungerp  is ongoing for the treatment of patients intolerant of, or with fungal disease refractory to, standard antifungal therapy. We present an interim analysis of patient outcomes from the FURI study by fungal disease type.There are limited oral treatment options for patients with fungal infections who fail currently available antifungals or have an infection caused by resistant organisms. Ibrexafungerp is an investigational broad-spectrum glucan synthase inhibitor with activity against FURI patients are eligible for enrollment if they have proven or probable: severe mucocutaneous candidiasis, invasive candidiasis, chronic or invasive aspergillosis, with documented evidence of failure, intolerance, or toxicity related to a currently approved standard-of-care antifungal treatment; or patients who cannot receive approved oral antifungal options , and continued IV antifungal therapy is clinically undesirable or unfeasible.An independent Data Review Committee (DRC) provided an assessment of treatment response for 113 enrolled patients in the FURI study from 27 centers in US, UK and EU treated with ibrexafungerp for mucocutaneous or invasive fungal infections from 2016\u20132021. Fifty-six patients (49.5%) had invasive candidiasis/candidemia, 32 (28.3%) had mucocutaneous candidiasis, 14 (12.4%) had vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), and 11 (9.7%) patients had aspergillosis.Upon DRC review, the percent of patients with complete or partial response, or for VVC, clinical improvement  was 58.4%; stable disease was 23.9%; and 11.5% had disease progression . There was 1 death due to underlying causes, and 6 outcomes were indeterminate. The table presents outcomes by disease type.Analysis of 113 patients from the FURI study indicates that oral ibrexafungerp provides a favorable therapeutic response in patients with challenging fungal disease and limited treatment options.George R. Thompson, III, MD, Amplyx: Advisor/Consultant|Amplyx: Grant/Research Support|Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|F2G: Advisor/Consultant|F2G: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: DSMB|Scynexis: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support Thomas King, MS MPH, SCYNEXIS, Inc.: employee|SCYNEXIS, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Nkechi Azie, MD MBA FIDSA, SCYNEXIS, Inc.: employee|SCYNEXIS, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds David A. Angulo, MD, SCYNEXIS, Inc.: employee|SCYNEXIS, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Sotrovimab (VIR-7831) is an engineered human monoclonal antibody targeting a conserved region of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein; it has been shown to have a favorable safety profile and be effective for early treatment of high-risk COVID-19 patients. The COMET-TAIL phase 3 study evaluated sotrovimab administered intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM) for the treatment of participants with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk of disease progression.Between June to August 2021, 973 participants were randomized and received sotrovimab by 500 mg IV infusion or by 500 or 250 mg IM injection. Deep sequencing of the spike gene was performed on nasopharyngeal samples. Baseline , post-BL (Day 5 or later), treatment-emergent (TE) substitutions at sotrovimab epitope positions, and presence of variants of concern/interest (VOC/VOI), were evaluated at a \u22655% allelic frequency. Phenotypic analyses were conducted using a pseudotyped virus assay.in vitro.Sequences were available from 764 participants . Consistent with VOC circulation during enrollment, the Delta variant was detected in 88.2% (674/764) of participants. Alpha and Mu variants were also seen at >2% prevalence. Of the 764 participants, 26 met the primary endpoint for clinical progression to hospitalization >24 hours or death due to any cause through day 29 and were infected with Delta , Alpha (500 mg IM: 1), or Mu (500 mg IV: 1) variants. Substitutions at sotrovimab epitope positions were similar across arms and were detected in 82/764 (10.7%) participants at any visit . Of these, 2 participants experienced clinical progression: 1 participant infected with the Mu variant (500 mg IV) carried the characteristic R346K substitution at BL; 1 participant infected with the Delta variant (500 mg IM) had P337L and E340K substitutions detected at Day 3 and P337L was enriched at Day 8. The predominant TE epitope substitutions included P337L and E340A/K/V, which confer reduced susceptibility to sotrovimab Overall, TE epitope substitutions were not associated with clinical progression.Vir & GSK (NCT04913675)Maria L. Agostini, PhD, Vir Biotechnology, Inc: Employee|Vir Biotechnology, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Gretja Schnell, PhD, Vir Biotechnology: Employee|Vir Biotechnology: Stocks/Bonds Julia di Iulio, PharmD, PhD, MBA, Vir Biotechnology: Employee|Vir Biotechnology: Stocks/Bonds Anita Kohli, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Third party funding to Vir|Vir Biotechnology Inc: Support as a trial site paid to my institution and non-financial support for medical writing support Adrienne E. Shapiro, MD, PhD, Vir Biotechnology: Support as a trial site paid to my institution and non-financial support for medical writing GlaxoSmithKline third party funding to Vir support Elias H. Sarkis, MD, Abbvie: Grant/Research Support|Abbvie: Speakers Bureau|Eisai: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Third party funding to Vir|Ironshore: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Speakers Bureau|Lilly: Grant/Research Support|Otsuka: Grant/Research Support|Teva: Speakers Bureau|Vir Biotechnology Inc: Support as a trial site paid to my institution and non-financial support for medical writing support Dave Inman, MSc, GlaxoSmithKline: Employee|GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds Amanda Peppercorn, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Employee|GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds Andrew Skingsley, MD, GlaxoSmithKline: Employee|GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds Leah A. Gaffney, PhD, Vir Biotechnology: Employee|Vir Biotechnology: Stocks/Bonds Melissa Aldinger, PharmD, Vir Biotechnology: Employee|Vir Biotechnology: Stocks/Bonds Christy M. Hebner, PhD, Vir Biotechnology: Employee|Vir Biotechnology: Stocks/Bonds Andrea L. Cathcart, PhD, Vir Biotechnology: Employee|Vir Biotechnology: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Appropriate diagnostic testing can be used to inform infection control measures and reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission, yet the test kinetics, infectivity, and immunological responses during acute, non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection need clarity.We conducted a prospective cohort study between Nov 2020-July 2021 in Seattle, Washington of 95 unvaccinated, immunocompetent adults with no prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nasal swabs  and blood serum samples were serially collected at six visits over two months. Viral RNA, N and S antigen concentrations, and viral growth/infectivity were measured from nasal samples. Anti-S total antibody and IgG assays were performed on serum. We fit loess curves to quantitative data corresponding to each testing modality by days since symptom onset (DSSO) and compared qualitative test results across time points to demonstrate time-dependent agreement of PCR, N antigen, and culture results. Generalized estimating equations were used to approximate relative risk of culture positivity (a proxy for infectiousness) for positive vs. negative test results (antigen and PCR), stratified by presence/absence of symptoms and DSSO.Sampling SchemaNasal swabs and venous blood were collected at visits 1-4; venous blood only at visits 5-6. All participants were enrolled within 14 days of symptom onset (median: 6) and 7 days of a positive test (median: 4).Infections in this cohort (median age: 29y) were mild . Median (IQR) time to negative result was 11 (4), 13 (6), and 20 (7) DSSO for culture growth, N antigen, and PCR tests, respectively. Viral RNA quantities declined more slowly than antigen and culturable virus; antibody titers rose rapidly 5-15 DSSO and plateaued 20-30 DSSO. All culture-positive samples collected 0-5 DSSO were positive by PCR, but relative risk of culture positivity (infectiousness) for positive vs. negative PCR results declined 6-10 DSSO. Relative risk of culture positivity for positive vs. negative antigen results was consistently high 0-10 DSSO, with similar results when stratified by presence of symptoms.Diagnostic test kinetics and immunological responsesDiagnostic test kinetics and immunological responses measured in adults with non-severe, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection: loess trendlines and 95% confidence intervals are given for SARS-CoV-2 viral load , TCID50 from viral culture, mean concentrations of nucleocapsid and spike antigen proteins, and anti-S total and IgG antibody concentrations.The results reinforce the importance of molecular PCR testing as a highly sensitive diagnostic tool but with limited utility as an indicator of viral culturability and likely infectiousness. N antigen testing may be a preferable diagnostic test within two weeks of symptom onset, especially 6-10 DSSO, because it more closely correlates with culture growth over the course of infection.Daphne Hamilton, BA, Roche (spouse is employed by Roche): Employee Alexander L. Greninger, MD, PhD, Abbott: Contract Testing|Cepheid: Contract Testing|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Contract Testing|Hologic: Contract Testing|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Contract Testing|Pfizer: Contract Testing Geoffrey S. Gottlieb, MD, PhD, Abbott Molecular Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|Alere Technologies: Grant/Research Support|BMGF: Grant/Research Support|BMS: Grant/Research Support|Cerus Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Janssen Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Merck & Co: Grant/Research Support|Roche Molecular Systems: Grant/Research Support|THERA Technologies/TaiMed Biologics: Grant/Research Support|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are commonly isolated from blood cultures (BCx). Most do not require treatment (tx), yet antibiotics are frequently initiated. Workup of CoNS BSI consumes significant resources. We aimed to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of an early algorithm-based rapid diagnostic testing (RDT) plus antimicrobial stewardship (ASP) intervention.S. epidermidis and other non-aureus/lugdunensis Staphylococcal species. Results were called to ASP in both RDT-only and RDT+ASP periods. In the latter, a prospective algorithm was implemented to standardize ASP recommendations  for cases classified as simple, uncomplicated, and complicated BSI. The primary outcome was receipt of < 24h of antibiotic tx. Safety outcomes included rates of recurrent BSI and hospital readmission.BCx with CoNS were captured in 3 time periods to represent pre-RDT, RDT-only, and RDT+ASP. GenMark ePlex RDT was implemented for all Gram-positive BCx, identifying Fig 2). The median age was 62, 54% were male, and the median Charlson comorbidity index was 5. 41% had a central venous catheter at time of BSI. Overall, 67%, 19%, and 12% of cases were classified as simple, uncomplicated, or complicated BSI, respectively . BSI class and patient demographics did not vary between periods. During pre- and post-RDT periods, median days of antibiotic tx did not vary significantly for patients with simple BSI (1.1 vs 1.2). In contrast, median days of tx were reduced to 0 (P=0.005) for simple BSI in the RDT+ASP period. Overall, 54% of patients with CoNS BSI received < 24h of tx in RDT+ASP time period compared to 34% (P=0.009) in the combined pre-RDT and RDT-only periods. Tx was entirely avoided in 28% of CoNS BSI cases in the RDT+ASP period compared to 16.5% of cases in other periods (P=0.07). 7 cases classified as simple were reclassified as uncomplicated or complicated after further work up. Rates of recurrent BSI and 30-day readmission were comparable across time periods.184 patients were included (Our algorithm-based ASP + RDT intervention reduced antibiotic tx for CoNS BSI, an effect not realized with RDT alone. These data attest to the safety and efficacy of early ASP intervention for patients with CoNS BSI identified by RDTs at the time of positive BCx.J Ryan Bariola, MD, Infectious Disease Connect: Salary support|Merck: Grant/Research Support Tina Khadem, PharmD, Infectious Disease Connect: Salary support|Merck: Grant/Research Support Brian Potoski, PharmD, BCPS-AQ ID, Merck Group: Grant/Research Support Ryan K. Shields, PharmD, MS, Infectious Disease Connect: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Roche: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Toxoplasma gondii: a rapid method for the isolation of pure tachyzoites: preliminary characterization of its genome\u201d, DOI number: 10.1590/s0074-02761990000400007, published in Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 85(4), 1990, on page 429:In the article \u201cWhere it reads:Viviana PzsennyIt should read:Viviana Pszenny"}
{"text": "This study evaluated the performance of an Investigational Use Only (IUO) version of the BioFire R/ST Panel in the near patient setting.Limited availability of multiplex molecular tests in the near-patient setting can impact the rapid diagnosis and treatment of patients experiencing symptoms of respiratory tract infections, including pharyngitis. The BioFireStreptococcus from throat swabs).NPS and TS specimens were prospectively enrolled from symptomatic consented/assented volunteers of all ages, or obtained as residual leftover specimens. Enrollment was conducted between December 2020 and September 2021 at five study sites in the US and UK (adult and pediatric emergency departments or urgent care clinics) with testing performed by personnel representative of the intended users . Several analytes that were not circulating during the COVID-19 pandemic were supplemented with archived specimens of known analyte composition. Performance was determined for both sample types by comparison to FDA cleared multiplex PCR tests or culture and PCR followed by sequencing of isolates  overall positive percent agreement (PPA) was 98.7% and negative percent agreement (NPA) was 99.1%, and for TS specimens (prospective and archived) overall PPA was 95.9% and NPA was 99.2%.The BioFire R/ST Panel is a sensitive, specific, and robust test for rapid detection of a wide range of organisms in NPS and TS specimens in the near-patient setting. This test is expected to aid in the timely diagnosis and appropriate management of pharyngitis and other respiratory infections.Data presented are from assays that have not been cleared or approved for diagnostic use.Jeffrey Bastar, PhD, MSCI, bioMerieux: Employee|bioMerieux: Stocks/Bonds Ashley Ky, MLS(ASCP), bioM\u00e9rieux: Employee|bioM\u00e9rieux: Stocks/Bonds Kristen Holmberg, n/a, bioMerieux: Employee Hana Bay, BS, Biomerieux: Employee|Biomerieux: Stocks/Bonds Daria Drobysheva, PhD, bioMerieux: Employee Rangaraj Selvarangan, BVSc, PhD, D(ABMM), FIDSA, F(AAM), BioFire: Grant/Research Support|Luminex: Grant/Research Support Virve Enne, BSc PhD, Biomerieux: Advisor/Consultant Cynthia Andjelic, PhD, bioMerieux: Employee."}
{"text": "Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus species complex (ACB) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) are opportunistic, non-fermentative organisms that can cause serious hospital-acquired infections in immunocompromised patients. These pathogens are inherently resistant to several common drug classes and often acquire other resistance mechanisms, making them difficult to treat. In this study, we analyzed the susceptibility of contemporary ACB and SM isolates to minocycline (MIN), levofloxacin (LEV), meropenem (MER) for ACB, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/S) for SM. Isolates were collected as a part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program from 2014-2021.Susceptibilities of SM and ACB to MIN and comparators, 2014-2021Isolates were collected from hospitalized patients in 35 US medical centers. Hospitals submitted 1 isolate per patient per infection episode that met local criteria for being the likely causative pathogen. Identification was performed by the submitting laboratory and confirmed by JMI Laboratories with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry or other standard methods as required. Isolates were tested for susceptibility (S) to MIN and comparators using the CLSI broth microdilution method. All infection types were included in the analysis. CLSI (2022) breakpoints were applied.A total of 1,029 ACB and 1,520 SM were tested. Pneumonia in hospitalized patients was the most common infection from which ACB (57.0%) and SM (73.9%) were isolated. The %S of the agents tested against the organisms in this study are shown in the table. MIN had the highest %S for ACB (86.2%S) and SM (99.5%S). The %S of ACB and SM to all 3 agents varied over the period studied. MIN %S to ACB decreased in 2020 (80.6%) but rebounded in 2021 (86.2%). LEV and MER showed an overall trend of increasing S for ACB, with slightly lower %S in 2020-2021. SM had stable %S to MIN and T/S . LEV varied from 84.3%S (2015) to 69.2%S (2018).in vitro data suggest that MIN is a useful treatment option for infections caused by ACB or SM.%S to MIN remained stable and higher than other agents tested for both ACB and SM, pathogens which have limited therapeutic alternatives. ACB showed < 6% decrease in %S to all 3 agents in 2020-2021. These Dee Shortridge, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|JMI Laboratory: Employee|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Menarini: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Jennifer M. Streit, BS, MT(ASCP), Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Epetraborole (EBO), an orally available bacterial leucyl transfer RNA synthetase inhibitor with potent activity against nontuberculous mycobacteria, is under clinical development for treatment of MAC lung disease. A population pharmacokinetic (PK) model describing the disposition of EBO after oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) administration was developed to support EBO PK-PD analyses and dose selection for patients with MAC lung disease.Table\u00a01).Model development was conducted using NONMEM (v.7.4.3). Models were attempted for oral absorption, systemic compartments, and linear vs. non-linear elimination. Model evaluation involved goodness-of-fit plots and prediction-corrected visual predictive plots, which describe the ability of model-based simulations to capture the observed data. Included were data from 5 Phase 1 (3 IV and 2 PO) and 2 Phase 2 studies (IV only) (Table\u00a02). The impact of body weight on PK was included using an allometric scaling approach to accommodate observed lower body weight in MAC lung disease patients. PO dosing was modeled using an absolute bioavailability term (F) and transit compartments with separate absorption rates for fed and fasted administration. Interindividual variability (IIV) in systemic clearance was low (7.9%), but IIV in F (32.7%) contributed to slightly higher variability in PK for PO vs. IV administration. Moderate shrinkage was observed for the IIV in the model parameters. This was considered acceptable given inclusion of patients with limited PK data in the model and the objective to facilitate simulations designed to inform dose selection. The prediction-corrected visual predictive check plots for the data obtained from a recently completed Phase 1b study evaluating 28-day oral dosing regimens (NCT04892641) are provided in Figure\u00a01.The pooled dataset included 2637 EBO PK samples from 138 subjects/patients. A robust fit to observed data across studies was obtained using a three-compartment model with linear elimination (This model is useful for describing expected PK in MAC lung disease patients and was used to conduct simulations for the advancement of the oral EBO 500 mg q24h dosing regimen into clinical studies in patients with MAC lung disease.Harish Ganesan, MS, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co.Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support M. Courtney Safir, PharmD, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited,: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A.: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Bravos Biosciences: Ownership Interest|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|ICPD Biosciences, LLC.: Ownership Interest|Insmed Inc: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Bravos Biosciences: Ownership Interest|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|ICPD Biosciences, LLC.: Ownership Interest|Insmed Inc: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Sujata M. Bhavnani, PharmD; MS; FIDSA, Adagio Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Bravos Biosciences: Ownership Interest|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|ICPD Biosciences, LLC.: Ownership Interest|Insmed Inc: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Kevin M. Krause, MBA, AN2 Therapeutics: Employee|AN2 Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Christopher M. Rubino, PharmD, Adagio Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Bravos Biosciences: Ownership Interest|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|ICPD Biosciences, LLC.: Ownership Interest|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics,: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "The clinical presentation and management of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) in children can vary significantly. Scores to predict acute complications utilize prolonged fever after antibiotics, bone abscess, suppurative arthritis, disseminated infection and delayed source control. By contrast, elevated CRP after 48-96 hours of therapy, disseminated disease and bone debridement are predictive of chronic complications. Such scoring systems have undergone limited validation. We examined factors associated with acute and chronic AHO complications at our center to identify other variables that may enhance published scores.< 14 days at Texas Children\u2019s Hospital from January 2012 through December 2020. An acute complicated course was defined as treatment failure within 6 weeks of starting antibiotics, > 2 bone debridements, prolonged admission ( >14 days) and acute avascular necrosis. Chronic complications included growth arrest or limb leg discrepancy, pathologic fracture, avascular necrosis, chronic osteomyelitis or frozen joint. Statistical analysis was completed using STATA 17.A retrospective chart review was conducted of all children 6 mo-18 years with AHO and with acute symptoms of S. aureus/MRSA, presence of multifocal or disseminated infection, DVT, fever > 48 hours of antibiotic therapy, admission laboratory values including higher absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and higher CRP, ICU admission, associated suppurative arthritis, bacteremia, bone abscess, surgical debridement and delayed source control.418 patients met the inclusion criteria. 106 (25.4%) had an acute complicated course. 51 (13.5%) of 377 followed had a chronic complication. Clinical factors associated with acute and chronic complications were very similar. Factors associated with either an acute complicated course  or chronic orthopedic complications  included: older age, tibia involvement, infection due to In children with AHO, risk factors for acute and chronic complications are highly similar. Older age, tibia involvement, MRSA, higher ANC and bacteremia were linked to complications in our population and will be assessed in current clinical scoring systems which may help guide management.Jonathon C. McNeil, MD, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: Grant/Research Support|Allergan: Provided reagents for unrelated research|Nabriva: Site investigator for multicenter clinical trial Kristina G. Hulten, PhD, Me-med: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Sheldon L. Kaplan, MD, MeMed: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Angarotipula is a small genus of Tipulidae with only fourteen described species in the world and seven known species in China.Angarotipulalaetipennis  is presented and the morphologies of all stages are described.Here, one new species is added to the fauna of Sichuan. The life history of  Angarotipula is a small genus of Tipulidae with only fourteen described species in the world  are offered and the life history of this species is reported. The feeding habits of genus Angarotipula are reported for first time.In this paper, one species, Rearing of larvaeCeratophyllumdemersum) and fed algae feed (Chlorellavulgaris). Sand and gravel were used to make slopes for pupariation of mature larvae. All larvae were reared in Luxi County under natural conditions .Male and female adults were collected from Luxi County, Yunnan Province and placed in a plastic water bottle to mate. The eggs were laid in shallow water. After hatching, the larvae were transferred to a foam box with attachments like wooden sticks and coontail (2H5OH), to observe pruinescence after drying. Genitalic preparations of males and head shell of last instar larvae were made using Lactic acid solution (C3H6O3 > 85%) heated in a water-bath to 95-97\u00b0C for 4-6 minutes and cooled down to room temperature. After examination, it was transferred to fresh glycerine (C3H8O3) and stored in a microvial tied to the specimen.The spiracular disc of the 1st instar larva is drawn under an OLYMPUS BX43 microscope. All other specimens were studied and illustrated with OLYMPUS SZ61 stereomicroscope. Details of colouration were checked in specimens immersed in 75% ethyl alcohol , Beijing. The distribution map was obtained from Arcmap and modified with Adobe Photoshop CS6. All pictures were adjusted and assembled into plates with Adobe Photoshop CS6.The morphological terminology of the male hypopygium mostly follows that of Yang, 2022sp. n.439DD83D-E56E-53E0-AEC9-235492F5330AC268B3B5-96EA-4CB7-971B-95EC8A86662EType status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Cai Xiao-Dong; sex: male; Taxon: higherClassification: Animalia; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Nematocera; Tipulomorpha; Tipuloidea; Tipulidae; Tipulinae; Angarotipula; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tipulidae; genus: Angarotipula; specificEpithet: tristis; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CN; stateProvince: Sichuan; county: Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture; municipality: Daocheng; locality: Yading Hongcaodi (\u4e9a\u4e01 \u7ea2\u8349\u5730); verbatimLocality: Hongcaodi (\u7ea2\u8349\u5730); verbatimElevation: 3751 m; verbatimLatitude: 29\u00b006'11\"N; verbatimLongitude: 100\u00b013'59.6\"E; Identification: identifiedBy: Yang Qi-Cheng; Event: year: 2019; month: 7; day: 9; verbatimEventDate: 9-VII-2019; habitat: intermittent wetlands; fieldNotes: PolygonaceaePlant dominant species: ; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; language: en; institutionCode: CAUType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Cai Xiao-Dong; sex: 2 males; Taxon: higherClassification: Animalia; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Nematocera; Tipulomorpha; Tipuloidea; Tipulidae; Tipulinae; Angarotipula; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tipulidae; genus: Angarotipula; specificEpithet: tristis; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CN; stateProvince: Sichuan; county: Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture; municipality: Daocheng; locality: Yading Hongcaodi (\u4e9a\u4e01 \u7ea2\u8349\u5730); verbatimLocality: Hongcaodi (\u7ea2\u8349\u5730); verbatimElevation: 3751 m; verbatimLatitude: 29\u00b006'11\"N; verbatimLongitude: 100\u00b013'59.6\"E; Identification: identifiedBy: Yang Qi-Cheng; Event: year: 2019; month: 7; day: 9; verbatimEventDate: 9-VII-2019; habitat: intermittent wetlands; fieldNotes: PolygonaceaePlant dominant species: ; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; language: en; institutionCode: CAUMales (n = 3): body length 11.3\u201311.5 mm, wing length 13.4\u201313.6 mm, antenna length 2.9\u20133.0 mm.Head Fig. A, B. Mai1 cell approximately triangular, petiole of m1 cell long, as long as m1 cell. Halter with stem brownish-yellow, knob grey .A.frommeri , based on the shape of hypopygium. However, in A.frommeri, the body is greyish-yellow; Rs arises at an acute angle from R.; the outer gonostylus has the lateral projections; and tergite IX has no projection E956E59B-0519-5349-95EA-CBB26BE283E6Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Yang Qi-Cheng and Yang Hao-Cheng; lifeStage: egg; larva; pupa; adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tipulidae; genus: Angarotipula; specificEpithet: laetipennis; scientificNameAuthorship: ; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CN; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture; municipality: Luxi; verbatimElevation: 1710 m; verbatimLatitude: 24\u00b033'N; verbatimLongitude: 103\u00b045'E; Identification: identifiedBy: Yang Qi-Cheng; Event: startDayOfYear: 12; endDayOfYear: 145; year: 2020; month: 5; day: 1; habitat: Rice field; lotus pond; eventRemarks: Angarotipulalaetipennis were reared at the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, 2020.; Record Level: type: PhysicalObjectType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Yang Qi-Cheng; lifeStage: egg; larva; pupa; adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Diptera; family: Tipulidae; genus: Angarotipula; specificEpithet: laetipennis; scientificNameAuthorship: ; taxonomicStatus: accepted; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CN; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture; municipality: Luxi; locality: Xiaoxilong (\u5c0f\u4e60\u9f99), Wujiepu town.; verbatimElevation: 1700 m; verbatimLatitude: 24\u00b032'N; verbatimLongitude: 103\u00b034'E; Identification: identifiedBy: Yang Qi-Cheng; Event: startDayOfYear: 119; endDayOfYear: 145; year: 2020; month: 4; day: 29; habitat: Rice field ; lotus pond ; eventRemarks: Angarotipulalaetipennis were reared at the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in China, 2020.; Record Level: type: PhysicalObjectEggs : length 0.7\u20130.75 mm, middle width 0.2 mm. Black, cylindrical; apical side with a round micropyle, ventral surface with slightly longitudinal indentations. Basal side with a long terminal filament, which is more than 6 times the length of egg . Length 2.0\u20132.2 mm, width 0.35\u20130.4 mm, spiracular disc width 0.5\u20130.55 mm. Body cream coloured and partially translucent, body surface with pale brown corrugated pubescence, dorsal pubescence darker than those on ventral surface. Head capsule brown, posterior margin black. Spiracular disc white, with eight fusiform structures, the end structures are smaller, each of which bear moderately bifurcated long bristles; innermost pair of fusiform structures with three to five  bristles; laterally from it, the pair with three to five  bristles; outermost pair on outside of spiracles with three bristles; locations of bifurcations of these structures not fixed and the number of bifurcations not absolutely symmetrical. Spiracle small, with pale brown margin, distance beween spiracles 4 times as long as width of spiracle. Lateral lobe below spiracle, surface sclerotised, roughly sickle-shaped, tip rounded, bearing twelve to thirteen long bristles; ventral lobe finger-like with three long stiff bristles, a short stiff bristle and two tiny bristles, close together. Ventral surface of anal segment with two pairs of long anal papillae and anal papillae white, translucent : length 3.0\u20134.0 mm, width 0.4\u20130.5 mm, spiracular disc width 0.65 mm. Morphological characteristics are similar to 1st instar, but head capsule darker than 1st instar; inside pair of ventral anal papillae longer than those of 1st instar and tips of outside pair of ventral anal papillae blunt and black : length 15.0\u201324.0 mm, width 2.0\u20133.0 mm, spiracular disc width 2.2\u20133.0 mm. Female last instar (n = 4): length 22.0\u201328.0 mm, width 2.5\u20133.8 mm, spiracular disc width 2.8\u20134.0 mm. Body brown and partially translucent, body surface with brown corrugated pubescence. Head capsule length 2.4 mm, width 1.2 mm, black, strongly sclerotised medially. Incision extending to 1/4 length of head, ends of internolateralia with a pair of long spiny processes and a pair of small triangular processes; internolateralia longer than externolateralia. Both labrum and clypeus with two pairs of brush-like setae, the smaller one on inside and the larger one on outside. Antenna cylindrical :Male .Angarotipulalaetipennis can be observed in late April. In Luxi County, adults are more common in rice fields and artificial ponds. Adults have strong positive phototaxis. Females are able to lay eggs on the same day after mating. Under natural conditions, the eggs are attached to other things, such as water plants to form egg masses. Females can eject the eggs quickly without choice when it is pinched by the body. Eggs mostly hatch in 2\u20134 days above 22\u00b0C. Larvae move after evening and feed on brown algae and chlorella. Old instar larvae gnawed the foam box and hornwort, but they did not seem to feed on live hornwort directly. The moulting time of larvae varies according to the temperature and food. Generation overlap is found. The last instar larvae pupate on any attachments near the water surface generally. Around 29\u00b0C, the pupae usually emerge at night, but a few of the pupae emerge during the day after 4\u20135 days. Adults mate immediately after eclosion, male adults customarily force the incompletely ossified females. Both males and females can mate for multiple times. Adults survive for only three days without water, but they could live for more than a week in the state of feeding water.In Luxi County, Yunnan Province, the adults of Females can mate for multiple times in the artificial environment (possibly forced) and they laid eggs on the same day. The eggs were laid out of water or on a paper towel soaked in water. The terminal filament has strong elasticity, but can be pulled apart by hand, the filaments of all eggs were anchored together and tightly attached to other things. As shown in Fig. The last instar larvae prefered to pupate near the sandy soil by water, but they did not bury their bodies in the soil. Conversely, they slightly attached to the sand and stone where they can breathe the air. Sometimes, they also pupated on the water plants close to the water. The bodies of newly-pupated pupae were white and translucent Fig. E.The last instar larvae preferred to pupate near the sandy soil by water, but they did not bury their bodies in the soil. Conversely, they slightly attached to the sand and stone where they can breathe the air. Sometimes they also pupated on the water plants closed to the water. The bodies of newly pupated pupae were white and translucent Fig. E.Angarotipula seem to be similar, they all live near freshwater ponds or swamps. The A.laetipennis we collected lived in paddy fields or lotus ponds (Fig. A.tristis, sp. n. lived in intermittent swamps (Fig. Angarotipula is widely distributed in the southwest of China (Fig. A.laetipennis for the first time and they can complete their entire life cycle by feeding on algae and have a high survival rate, which may mean that they have unique ecological niches in freshwater ponds or swamps, and we expect more studies support this view.The habits of nds Fig. , while Amps Fig. A. Angaroina Fig. B, which"}
{"text": "Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87977-3, published online 21 April 2021Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in Affiliation 2, which was incorrectly given as \u2018Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, China\u2019. The correct affiliation is listed below:Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, ChinaThe original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "STAMPEDE previously reported adding upfront docetaxel improved overall survival for prostate cancer patients starting long-term androgen deprivation therapy. We report long-term results for non-metastatic patients using, as primary outcome, metastatic progression-free survival (mPFS), an externally demonstrated surrogate for overall survival.Standard of care (SOC) was androgen deprivation therapy with or without radical prostate radiotherapy. A total of 460 SOC and 230 SOC plus docetaxel were randomly assigned 2:1. Standard survival methods and intention to treat were used. Treatment effect estimates were summarized from adjusted Cox regression models, switching to restricted mean survival time if non-proportional hazards. mPFS  had 70% power (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.05) for a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.70. Secondary outcome measures included overall survival, failure-free survival (FFS), and progression-free survival .P\u2009=\u2009.43); with 5-year mPFS 82% (95% CI = 78% to 87%) SOC plus docetaxel vs 77% (95% CI = 73% to 81%) SOC. Secondary outcomes showed evidence SOC plus docetaxel improved FFS  and PFS  but no good evidence of overall survival benefit . There was no evidence SOC plus docetaxel increased late toxicity: post 1 year, 29% SOC and 30% SOC plus docetaxel grade 3-5 toxicity.Median follow-up was 6.5\u2009years with 142 mPFS events on SOC (3\u2009year and 54% increases over previous report). There was no good evidence of an advantage to SOC plus docetaxel on mPFS , without excess late toxicity, which did not translate into benefit for longer-term outcomes. This may influence patient management in individual cases. STAMPEDE\u2019s\u00a0\u201cdocetaxel comparison\u201d previously showed a clear, clinically important overall survival advantage for adding upfront docetaxel across men with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer initiating long-term androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) . Trials International guidelines incorporate upfront docetaxel into recommendations for suitable patients with metastatic prostate cancer, particularly high-volume disease ,9. MetasWe report long-term analysis of patients with nonmetastatic disease, allowing in-depth assessment of outcomes of docetaxel in node-positive (N+) and node-negative (N0) populations and by use of standard-of-care (SOC) prostate radiotherapy. The nonmetastatic patients STAMPEDE\u2019s docetaxel comparison control arm previously demonstrated 96% 2-year survival . With suSTAMPEDE uses a multi-arm multistage platform design to compare treatments against SOC . PatientAll patients were planned for long-term ADT as the basis for SOC. Here, the relevant patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to control (SOC) or research: SOC plus upfront docetaxel. Random assignment used minimization with a 20% random element, stratified by age at randomization (younger than 70 years vs 70\u2009years and older), World Health Organization (WHO) performance score (0 vs 1 or 2), baseline metastases (yes or no) and nodal status , planned ADT type, use of aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, participating hospital/site, and from 2011, planned radiotherapy. This algorithm was developed and used centrally at MRC Clinical Trials Unit at University College London.2) 3 weekly plus 10\u2009mg prednisolone daily in addition to SOC ADT. For patients without a contraindication, SOC could include prostate radiotherapy; before November 14, 2011, irrespective of nodal status, such SOC radiotherapy was optional but encouraged; from November 14, 2014, such SOC radiotherapy was mandated for patients with N0 disease and encouraged for N+ disease; this change was to implement the findings of the MRC PR07/NCIC PR.3 and SPCG-7 trials  or disease progression was reported at routine follow-up visits scheduled in the protocol to be 6 weekly in the first 6\u2009months postrandomization, then 12 weekly until 2\u2009years, 6 monthly until 5\u2009years, and annually thereafter. AEs were classified and graded following the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0.The first findings of the docetaxel comparison were reported previously based on a May 13, 2015, data freeze . The maiCause of death was categorized algorithmically to differentiate prostate cancer and non-prostate cancer causes, with rules agreed to in 2018 by the Trial Management Group ; the docetaxel-safety group consisted of 212 research arm patients who reported starting trial treatment.P values are reported. Kaplan-Meier graphs have been presented using the KMunicate format , except for participating hospital. Time period was included as stratification in the models to delineate periods of STAMPEDE, where other trial arms were opened or closed to recruitment or with SOC change of practice. Nonparametric stratified log-rank tests were used to test differences between trial arms. Flexible parametric models ,17 were e format .Exploratory subgroup analyses are presented for the primary outcome to assess consistency of docetaxel treatment effect across baseline factors .Further exploratory analyses assessed the efficacy of SOC radiotherapy for each outcome measure. These analyses focused on patients with no contraindication to radiotherapy and with either N0 disease recruited before SOC November 14, 2011 (before SOC radiotherapy was mandated) or N+ disease recruited any time see . These aTo contextualize the findings, estimates of treatment effects on overall survival from relevant trials were combined using standard meta-analysis methods. The inclusion criteria were randomized trial; nonmetastatic prostate cancer; control treatment of long-term hormone therapy with or without prostate radiotherapy; and with survival data published.There were 690 nonmetastatic patients recruited to STAMPEDE\u2019s docetaxel comparison between October 5, 2005, and March 31, 2013: 460 patients to the control group and 230 patients to the docetaxel group. P\u2009=\u2009.43; P\u2009=\u2009.23) of nonproportional hazards in the treatment effect on mPFS. The proportion event free at 5\u2009years was 77% (95% CI = 73% to 81%) in the control and 82% (95% CI = 78% to 87%) in the docetaxel group.For the primary outcome measure for this long-term analysis, metastatic mPFS, there were 207 mPFS events reported: 142 of 460 (31%) control group and 65 of 230 (28%) docetaxel group. There was no good evidence that docetaxel improved survival  and found no evidence of inconsistency in the effect in the groups examined  was impacted by evidence of nonproportional hazards of treatment effect (P\u2009=\u2009.03). However, these earlier improvements did not translate into improvements in overall survival or PCSS. There were 182 deaths with 88 of 125 (70%) in the control group and 39 of 57 (68%) in the docetaxel group attributed to prostate cancer on review. The treatment effect for overall survival was estimated as a hazard ratio of 0.88  and in the N0 and N+ subgroups  patients, regardless of treatment allocation, for whom the use of SOC radiotherapy was optional , and theP\u2009=\u2009.08) with no evidence of heterogeneity of effect across the trials (I2 = 0.0).Three trials met the criteria for a combined analysis with these STAMPEDE data: GETUG-12, RTOG-0521, and ARTIC AOM 03108  and higher 5-year survival (81% vs 87%) with docetaxel. They may also argue there was insufficient patient numbers or that our dataset is still too immature to detect any potential benefit of docetaxel in a population with good outcomes. The trial team has closed out site follow-up for these patients, but most patients consented to access to data through national registries, which could allow for longer-term assessment.Sceptics may argue there was insufficient power on mPFS to detect a clinically meaningful benefit had there been one. They may also argue, from ICECaP\u2019s surrogacy work , it is uWe previously reported higher rates of AEs in the docetaxel group. Here, we show the AE rate after the first year of follow-up, starting about 6 months after completion of chemotherapy, was similar between patients in the control and docetaxel groups of the safety population who had not already progressed; AE data collection stopped at disease progression. Quality of life is an important factor in treatment decisions; it is reassuring there was no evidence of persistent toxicity associated with worse quality of life. Our findings are consistent with studies that demonstrated quality of life can improve back to baseline after chemotherapy . The AEsOur analysis confirms the FFS benefit associated with this approach, with clear evidence that patients treated with upfront docetaxel lived longer without their disease relapsing. This would also mean that men could continue their lives for a longer period without the need for additional therapeutic intervention. This in turn may augment any psychological benefit arising from living without signs of disease progression, which is considered important for many patients. Participant-reported quality-of-life measures are an important contributor to quantifying treatment impact, although these data are typically less well recorded in clinical trials after disease progression. We previously demonstrated, consistent with this, how upfront docetaxel increased quality-adjusted life-years in this group of nonmetastatic patients . ExaminiOur findings align with results from other trials of docetaxel in nonmetastatic prostate cancer ,26,27. TDuring recruitment to STAMPEDE\u2019s docetaxel comparison, recommendations for treating nonmetastatic patients with local radiotherapy were adapted in response to then emerging results from other trials ,15, whicOur exploratory analysis of this SOC radiotherapy\u2019s impact in nonmetastatic patients, regardless of allocation to the control or docetaxel group, found good evidence radiotherapy improved FFS and some evidence of improved PFS. This was consistent across N0 and N+ patients, albeit more prominently for N0 patients. We could also explore any interaction between radiotherapy and docetaxel. There was some evidence that SOC radiotherapy\u2019s benefit was apparent in the control group but not the docetaxel group . Clinicians should consider this information carefully when making treatment decisions with nonmetastatic patients.Overall, these long-term analyses of nonmetastatic patients in STAMPEDE did not demonstrate a benefit to using docetaxel chemotherapy in terms of metastasis-free survival or overall survival. There was good evidence that upfront docetaxel resulted in men living longer before their disease relapsed, and good evidence that there was no excess of long-term AEs for these patients. The findings are consistent with trials addressing the same broad question and provide some evidence of modest benefit in favor of chemotherapy. These points will be worth considering altogether for selected men in this population and interpreted in the context of more recent data reporting a large statistically significant and clinically meaningful benefit for adding abiraterone acetate and prednisolone in this population in the same STAMPEDE protocol . The benThis work was supported by Cancer Research UK (grant number CRUK_A12459); Medical Research Council ; Sanofi; Astellas; Clovis; Janssen; Novartis; Pfizer. NDJ, CCP, and DPD were supported by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre at The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and the Institute of Cancer Research, London.Role of the funders: The study funders had no role in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data; the writing of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.Disclosures: GA: Honoraria (self), Advisory/Consultancy, Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony, Travel/Accommodation/Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Astellas; Advisory/Consultancy, Travel/Accommodation/Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Medivation; Advisory/Consultancy: Novartis; Advisory/Consultancy: Millennium Pharmaceuticals; Advisory/Consultancy, Travel/Accommodation/Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Abbott Laboratories; Advisory/Consultancy, Travel/Accommodation/Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Essa Pharmaceuticals; Advisory/Consultancy, Travel/Accommodation/Expenses, Nonremunerated activity/ies: Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals; Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony: Takeda; Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony: Sanofi-Aventis; Research grant/Funding (self): AstraZeneca; Research grant/Funding (self): Arno Therapeutics; Research grant/Funding (self): Innocrin Pharma; Honoraria (self), Advisory/Consultancy, Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony, Research grant/Funding (self), Travel/Accommodation/Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Janssen; Advisory/Consultancy: Veridex; Advisory/Consultancy, Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony, Travel/Accommodation/Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Roche/Ventana; Advisory/Consultancy, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Pfizer; Research grant/Funding (self), employee of the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR), where abiraterone acetate was developed, up to January 8, 2018, ICR. AJB: Speaker fees: Janssen. Support for attending meetings and/or travel: Janssen; SC: Honoraria, Speakers fee, Travel Grant- Janssen Pharmaceutical. NWC: Advisory/Consultancy: Janssen. WC: Dr Cross reports personal fees from Janssen and other from Bayer outside the submitted work. DPD: Research grant/Funding (institution), Financial Support for Trial Recruitment: UK National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network (NIHR CRN); Research grant/Funding (institution): ICR; Research grant/Funding (self), C46/A3976, C46/A10588 and C33589/A19727: Cancer Research UK; Honoraria (self), Advisory/Consultancy, Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony: Takeda; Honoraria (self), Advisory/Consultancy, Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony: Amgen; Honoraria (self), Advisory/Consultancy, Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony: Astellas; Advisory/Consultancy, Travel/Accommodation/Expenses: Sandoz; Advisory/Consultancy, Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony, Travel/Accommodation/Expenses: Janssen. R. Jones: Honoraria (self), Advisory/Consultancy, Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony: Janssen; Honoraria (self), Advisory/Consultancy, Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony, Research grant/Funding (self): Astellas; Honoraria (self), Advisory/Consultancy, Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony, Research grant/Funding (self): Sanofi; Honoraria (self), Advisory/Consultancy, Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony: Novartis. SG: Honorarium payments to hospital- Roche, Innocrin Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi, Novartis, Cell Search, Clovis and Bristol-Myers Squibb. Uncompensated advisory role- Nectar Therapeutic and ProteoMedix. NDJ: Advisory/Consultancy: Sanofi; Advisory/Consultancy: Novartis; Advisory/Consultancy, Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony, Research grant/Funding (self), Travel/Accommodation/Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies: Janssen. RJJ: Grants or contracts paid to my institution from Bayer plc, Pfizer and Astellas. Consulting fees\u2014Janssen Advisory board honoraria, Astellas Advisory board honoraria, consultancy, Bayer Advisory board honoraria, Pfizer Advisory board honoraria. Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events- speakers fees from Janssen, Astellas, Bayer, Pfizer. AM: Research grants from Cancer Research UK\u2019s Clinical Research Committee, from Medical Research Council, from Novartis, from Sanofi-Aventis, from Pfizer, from Janssen Pharma NV, from Astellas, from Clovis Oncology, during the conduct of the study. MDM: Honoraria (self), Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony: Sanofi; Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony: Janssen; Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony: Bayer. ZIM: Advisory boards- Sanofi, Janssen and Pfizer. Assisted travel to Congress- Bayer. JOS: Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events; AAA, Astellas, Bayer, Janssen, Novartis, Sanofi. Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board; AAA, Astellas, Bayer, Janssen, Novartis, Sanofi. CCP: Dr Parker reports grants, personal fees and other from Bayer, other from AAA and personal fees from Janssen, outside the submitted work. MKBP: Research grant/Funding (self), Unrestricted grant to contribute to STAMPEDE overall: Astellas; Research grant/Funding (self), Unrestricted grant to contribute to STAMPEDE overall: Clovis Oncology; Research grant/Funding (self), Unrestricted grant to contribute to STAMPEDE overall: Novartis; Research grant/Funding (self), Unrestricted grant to contribute to STAMPEDE overall: Pfizer; Research grant/Funding (self), Unrestricted grant to contribute to STAMPEDE overall: Sanofi. SS: Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speaker\u2019s bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events, from Bayer, Clovis Oncology, Pfizer. Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board; Bayer. Support for attending meetings and/or travel: BMS, Roche. MRC: Research grant/Funding (self), Non-remunerated activity/ies, Unrestricted grant to contribute to STAMPEDE overall: Astellas; Research grant/Funding (self), Non-remunerated activity/ies, Unrestricted grant to contribute to STAMPEDE overall: Clovis Oncology; Research grant/Funding (self), Non-remunerated activity/ies, Unrestricted grant to contribute to STAMPEDE overall: Novartis; Research grant/Funding (self), Non-remunerated activity/ies, Unrestricted grant to contribute to STAMPEDE overall: Pfizer; Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony, Travel/Accommodation/Expenses: Eli Lilly; Speaker Bureau/Expert testimony, Research grant/Funding (self), Travel/Accommodation/Expenses, Non-remunerated activity/ies, Unrestricted grant to contribute to STAMPEDE overall: Janssen; Research grant/Funding (self), Non-remunerated activity/ies, Unrestricted grant to contribute to STAMPEDE overall: Sanofi. JT: Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board: Astra Zeneca, Astellas, Bayer. Support for attending meetings and/or travel: Jansen, Roche, Bayer; JW: Payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events: Bristol Myers Squibb, MSD, Eisai, Novartis. All other authors did not declare a conflict of interest.Author contributions: Conceptualization: MKBP, NDJ, MRS, REL, NWC, MDM, DPD. Data curation: All. Formal Analysis: FI, AC, MRS. Funding acquisition: MKBP, NDJ, MRS, NWC, MDM, DPD, SG. Investigation: All. Methodology: MKBP, FI, AC, MRC. Project administration: MKBP, CA, REL, MRS, HR. Resources: All. Software: FI, AC, MRC. Supervision: NDJ, FI, NWC, CA, GA, CDB, SC, WC, DPD, DCG, SG, RJJ, REL, ZIM, MDM, DJM, RM, CCP, HLR, JMR, MKBP, MRS. Validation: FI, AC, MRS. Visualization: FI, AC, MRS. Writing - original draft: NDJ, FI, HR, MRS. Writing - review & editing: All.Acknowledgements: We recognize the efforts of all trial team members at the trials units and hospitals who have supported and engaged with STAMPEDE. Investigators and oversight committee members are listed in the pkac043_Supplementary_DataClick here for additional data file."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Alex Junior Nunes da Silva. The correct citation is: Nunes da Silva AJ, Breve MM, Mena-Chalco JP, Lopes FM (2022) Analysis of co-authorship networks among Brazilian graduate programs in computer science. PLOS ONE 17(1): e0261200. The publisher apologizes for the error."}
{"text": "Dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) is indicated as a 2DR for both treatment-na\u00efve and virally suppressed PLWH. The feasibility of DTG/3TC use in a Test & Treat (T&T) setting has been demonstrated in a clinical trial, but there is limited evidence with this approach in US real world clinical settings.TANDEM was a retrospective medical chart review conducted across 24 US sites. Eligible PLWH were adults initiated on DTG/3TC or DTG/rilpivirine (DTG/RPV) prior to Sept/30/2020 with a minimum clinical follow-up of six months. Treatment-na\u00efve (TN) PLWH had no prior history of HIV therapy. Clinical characteristics, treatment history and outcomes were abstracted. Analyses were descriptive. Reported here are results for the sub-group of TN PLWH that were initiated DTG/3TC as part of a T&T strategy, defined as clinician attestation of treatment initiation shortly after diagnosis and in the absence of known lab values for HIV-1 RNA viral load, CD4 cell count and HIV-1 resistance mutations.From an overall sample of 469 PLWH on DTG-based 2DR, 318 received DTG/3TC, of whom, 126 were TN and 192 were stable switch. Almost half 48% of PLWH received DTG/3TC as part of a T&T paradigm. Characteristics of the cohort are described in Table\u00a01. In the T&T sub-group, the most common reasons for initiating DTG/3TC were avoidance of long-term toxicities (n=26), followed by simplification/streamlining (n=8) and convenience (n=7). Overall, 114 (90.5%) of TN PLWH achieved the desired health outcome per clinician attestation. At data cut-off, 61 (94%) non T&T achieved virologic suppression, 57 (93%) of the T&T sub-group achieved virological suppression, 3 (5%) did not, and 1 (2%) was still unknown. Of the 3 who did not achieve suppression, 2 remained on DTG/3TC while 1 was switched to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide. Virologic rebound occurred in 6 TN PLWH overall with only 1 occurring in the T&T sub-group.Baseline Characteristics and Virologic OutcomesReflecting results from clinical trials, DTG/3TC achieved its desired health outcomes in the majority of cases regardless of treatment paradigm, with virtually no difference in virological suppression rates across the two cohorts (93-94% achieving suppression in a median duration of 10-11 weeks).Cindy Donovan, PharmD, Johnson & Johnson: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee/Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Gavin Harper, BA, ViiV Healthcare: Adelphi Real World were paid consultants (CRO) to conduct the observational research study on behalf of ViiV Healthcare.|ViiV Healthcare: Adelphi Real World were paid consultants (CRO) to conduct the observational research study on behalf of ViiV Healthcare Deanna Merrill, PharmD, MBA, AAHIVP, ViiV Healthcare: Salaried employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Katie L. Mycock, MChem, ViiV Healthcare: Adelphi Real World were paid consultants (CRO) to conduct the observational research study on behalf of ViiV Healthcare|ViiV Healthcare: Adelphi Real World were paid consultants (CRO) to conduct the observational research study on behalf of ViiV Healthcare Alan Oglesby, MPH, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK): Employment|GlaxoSmithKline (GSK): Stocks/Bonds Aimee Metzner, PharmD, AAHIVP, ViiV Healthcare: Salaried employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Jimena Patarroyo, PharmD, AAHIVP, ViiV Healthcare: Salaried employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Patients who develop AKI are at increased risk of adverse outcomes. The consequences of AKI are well-described in most therapeutic domains but there are scant data on the incidence of AKI among pts with CR-GNIs. This study sought to characterize the incidence of AKI and AKI-associated outcomes among adult, hospitalized pts with CR-GNIs who received early targeted tx with a newer BL, COL, or AG-containing regimen.CR) \u22652 mg/dL \u00b1 2 d of index tx initiation day. Outcomes: on-tx AKI based on RIFLE criteria ; in-hospital mortality, and hospital LOS post-index culture day. Incidence of AKI was compared between tx groups and logistic regression (LR) was used to adjust for baseline differences. In-hospital mortality and hospital LOS post-index culture were compared between AKI groups.Design: multi-centered observational study using 2016-20 data from the PINC AI Healthcare Database. Inclusion criteria: hospitalized; age \u2265 18 yrs; diagnosis for pneumonia, complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI), or bloodstream infection; CR-GN on culture site consistent with diagnosis; receipt of a newer BL, COL, or AG within 3 days of index CR-GN culture; and \u22653 consecutive days of a newer BL, COL, or AG (first received for \u22653 d defined tx group). Exclusion criteria: receipt of any renal replacement therapy prior to index tx day; and serum creatinine . In the LR , receipt of COL was associated with a higher adjusted probability of AKI relative to BL and AG (p< 0.01). Occurrence of AKI was associated with higher mortality  and increased median [IQR] post-index culture LOS .Overall, 1,061 pts met criteria and the majority received BL (45%), followed by AG (36%), and COL (19%). We present baseline characteristics by treatment in Incidence of AKI among hospitalized pts with serious CR-GNIs was highest in pts who received an early-targeted COL-containing regimen. Occurrence of AKI was associated with increased in-hospital mortality and longer post-index culture hospital LOS.Thomas Lodise, Jr., Pharm.D., PhD, BioFire Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|cidara: Advisor/Consultant|cidara: Honoraria|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Spero: Advisor/Consultant|Venatrox: Advisor/Consultant Ryan J. Dillon, MSc, Merck: Employee|Merck: Stocks/Bonds Brian H. Nathanson, Ph.D., cidara: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication is currently achieved in >98% of cases with oral direct-acting antivirals (DAA).Chronic Hepatitis C infection is considered a systemic disease with extrahepatic manifestations, mainly neuropsychiatric symptomsTo study potential clinical neuropsychiatric changes  in HCV-infected patients after HCV eradication with DAA.Design: Cohort study. Subjects: 37 HCV-infected patients, aged<55 years old, with non-advanced liver disease receiving DAA; free of current mental disorder. 24 healthy controls were included at baseline. Assessment: -Baseline (BL) , . Follow-up: End-of-treatment, 12weeks-after and 48weeks-after DAA: NRS. Analysis: Descriptive and bivariate non-parametrical analysis.NRS total score and dimensions where different between cases and controls (.000) at baseline. NRS total score (.000) and mood (.000), cognition (.000), sleep (.002), gastrointestinal (.017), and sickness (.003), except motor dimension score (.130) showed significant longitudinal improvement.HCV-infected patients with mild liver disease presented significantly worse scores for neurotoxicity symptomatology in all dimensions compared to healthy individuals. After HCV eradication with DAA, both at short and long follow-up a significant improvement of the NRS total score and each of the dimensions (except motor) were observed. However, they did not reach the values of healthy individuals, suggesting a not complete neuropsychiatric restoration in the period studied. Grant: ICIII-FIS:PI17/02297.(One way to make Europe) (RMS) and Gilead Fellowship-GLD17/00273 (ZM); and the support of SGR17/1798 (RMS)No significant relationships."}
{"text": "In the published article, there were two errors. The errors are in two of the equations,A correction has been made to Methods, Leptin Model Formulation, Paragraph 1, Equation (2). This sentence (equation) previously stated:The corrected sentence (equation) appears below:A correction has been made to Methods, Cortisol Model Formulation, Paragraph 1, Equation (6). This sentence (equation) previously stated:The corrected sentence (equation) appears below:The original article has been updated."}
{"text": "In the U.S., HIV transmission persists largely through sexual transmission in gender and sexual minorities. Transactional sex (TS) is a known risk factor for HIV transmission, yet risk behaviors and engagement in HIV treatment and other medical services among transgender (TG) individuals who have TS are poorly understood.PATCH is a natural history study of TG individuals in Washington, DC. Participants complete laboratory testing and surveys, including assessment of TS \u2013 defined as previous year sex in exchange for drugs, money or shelter. Fisher\u2019s exact test was used for statistical analysis.Of 54 participants assigned male at birth (AMAB), 21(39%) endorsed TS, the majority of whom were female (81%), Black (95%), median age 35, and HIV+ . Of those with HIV, 12 (75%) were prescribed ART, though only 8 (50%) had HIV VL < 200.The majority of TG people with TS had sex weekly or more (75%), with > 5 partners/year (62%) and used their penis (80%) and anus (90%) during TS. A minority consistently used condoms in receptive anal sex (29%), penetrative anal sex (25%), penetrative vaginal sex (17%), and chem sex (8%).While 95% had ever taken gender affirming hormone therapy (GAHT), 62% were not prescribed GAHT at screening, of whom, 54% were interested in seeing a provider for GAHT.When compared to non-TS participants, TG individuals with TS were more likely to have chem sex (p< 0.01), use drugs daily or more (p=0.04), use amphetamines (p< 0.01) and cocaine (p< 0.01), and less likely to have GAHT prescribed by a provider (p=0.03). HIV+ patients with TS were less likely to have HIV VL< 200 (p=0.02).This cohort of AMAB TG individuals with TS had high rates of viremic HIV, and multiple risk factors for HIV transmission, including frequent condomless sex with multiple partners. Additionally, those with TS were more likely to have high risk drug use, indicating that novel strategies to decrease risk associated with chem sex, particularly stimulant use, should be prioritized. Further, nearly all TG participants with TS had taken GAHT, yet were less likely to get GAHT from a provider. As many had interest in seeing a provider for GAHT, co-locating GAHT with HIV treatment and prevention services could help providers engage this population and address HIV-related risks.Shyam Kottilil, MD, PhD, Arbutus Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Silverback Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|The Liver Company: Advisor/Consultant|Yufan Biotechnologies: Advisor/Consultant Sarah Kattakuzhy, MD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support Elana S. Rosenthal, MD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Correction: J Exp Clin Cancer Res 41, 112 (2022)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13046-022-02320-6Following publication of the original article , author Incorrect Funding:This research was funded by Fondazione AIRC under 5 per Mille 2018 \u2013 ID 21052 program - PI: Comoglio PM, GL: Vigna E; by FPRC 5xmille 2014 Ministero Salute to PMC, and by Ministero Salute, Ricerca Corrente 2018\u20132020. The studies performed by Accelera Srl. were sponsored by Metis Precision Medicine B-Corp.Correct Funding:by Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC), IG 20210 to S. Giordano, and IG 21770 to S. Corso; by FPRC 5xmille 2014 Ministero Salute to PMC, and by Ministero Salute, Ricerca Corrente 2018-2020. The studies performed by Accelera Srl. were sponsored by Metis Precision Medicine B-Corp.This research was funded by Fondazione AIRC under 5 per Mille 2018 - ID 21052 program - PI: Comoglio PM, GL: Vigna E; The correction does not have any effect on the final conclusions of the paper. The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Xeruborbactam (XERU) is a member of a new class of cyclic boronic acid \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors with inhibitory activity against major members of Class A, B, C, and D beta-lactamases. This report describes the safety and pharmacokinetics of XERU following multiple doses alone and in combination with meropenem.Twenty-four healthy subjects were enrolled into one of 3 cohorts with XERU alone. XERU was administered as a 500 mg loading dose followed by 250 mg q8h or 1000 mg loading dose followed by 500 mg q8h. 15 healthy subjects were enrolled in a single cohort of meropenem alone administered as a 4000 mg loading dose followed by 2000 mg q8h or meropenem in combination with XERU administered as a 500 mg loading dose followed by 250 mg q8h for 10 days. Intensive plasma sampling was obtained after dosing and assayed for drug content using validated LC-MS/MS methods.XERU and Meropenem Steady State pharmacokinetic parameters are shown in the table below.No subjects discontinued due to AEs and no SAEs were observed. There was no evidence of increasing numbers or severity of AEs with increasing dose. All AEs were mild or moderate in severity.XERU was safe and well-tolerated when administered alone and in combination with meropenem. XERU has unique PK properties that includes a long elimination half-life that provides sustained plasma concentrations. The loading dose of XERU allows for rapid achievement of steady state plasma levels of XERU within the first day of treatment. XERU plasma PK properties, along with a broad spectrum of inhibitory activity, facilitates its use with multiple beta-lactam antibiotics including meropenem.David Griffith, n/a, Qpex Biopharma: Employee Jason Roberts, BPharm(Hons), PhD, FSHP, FISAC, British Society of Chemotherapy: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer: Board Member|Pfizer: Honoraria|Qpex: Grant/Research Support|Sandoz: Board Member|Summit: Advisor/Consultant|Wolters Kluwer: Advisor/Consultant Elizabeth Morgan, n/a, Qpex Biopharma: Employee Shawnee Gehrke, n/a, Qpex Biopharma: Employee Michael Dudley, n/a, ArrePath: Board Member|Qpex Biopharma: Board Member|Qpex Biopharma: Employee Jeff Loutit, MBChB, Qpex Biopharma: Employee."}
{"text": "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause severe respiratory disease in older adults (OAs). However, there is no approved vaccine against RSV disease in OAs. Co-administration of vaccines against RSV and influenza could be considered given their overlapping seasonality. Here, we assessed the immunogenicity, reactogenicity and safety of an RSV prefusion F Older Adult (RSVPreF3 OA) investigational vaccine when co-administered with the seasonal quadrivalent influenza vaccine (FLU-QIV) in OAs.In this Phase 3, open-label, controlled, multi-country study (NCT04841577), OAs aged \u2265 60 years recruited in New Zealand, Panama and South Africa were randomized 1:1 to receive either RSVPreF3 OA and FLU-QIV simultaneously on day 1 (Co-Ad group), or FLU-QIV on day 1 and RSVPreF3 OA on day 31 (Control group). The co-primary objectives were to demonstrate the non-inferiority of i) RSVPreF3 OA in terms of RSV-A neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMT) ratio and ii) FLU-QIV in terms of hemagglutinin inhibition antibody GMT ratio for each Flu strain when co-administered versus when administered alone. Blood samples were collected from all participants pre vaccination and 1 month post vaccination. Non-inferiority was demonstrated if the upper limit (UL) of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the group GMT ratio (Control/Co-Ad) was \u2264 1.5. Secondary descriptive outcomes included reactogenicity and safety.885 participants received at least 1 dose of the study interventions. Of these, 838 were included in the per protocol set at 1 month post vaccination. The demographic characteristics of the participants were similar across groups. The study co-primary objectives were met; for both vaccines, the UL of the 95% CI of the GMT ratio was \u2264 1.5 (Table\u00a01). The observed safety events were balanced between Co-Ad and Control groups (Table\u00a02). The reactogenicity profile of the Co-ad group compared with the Control group was driven by the RSVPreF3 OA investigational vaccine.Our results support simultaneous seasonal vaccination with RSVPreF3 OA and FLU-QIV in adults \u2265 60 years, as co-administration elicits a statistically non-inferior immune response to the administration of each vaccine alone, with no safety concerns identified.Nathali Montenegro, MD, GSK: Support for the present abstract/study Lorena Noriega-Aguirre, MD, ScD, Astra Zeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Astra Zeneca: Honoraria|Astra Zeneca: Support for attending meetings and/or travel|Boehringer Ingelheim: Honoraria|Boehringer Ingelheim: Support for attending meetings and/or travel|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Support for the present abstract/study|Novartis: Honoraria Mohammed Bensellam, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA: Agency worker on assignment at GSK Nathalie De Schrevel, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA: Employee|GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA: Ownership Interest Sherine Kuriyakose, MSc, GSK: GSK Employee Axel Lambert, MSc, GSK: GSK Employee Aur\u00e9lie Olivier, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA: I\u2019m an employee of GSK Biologicals|GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA: Ownership Interest Veronica Hulstr\u00f8m, PhD MD, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals SA: Employee."}
{"text": "Remdesivir (RDV) is a broad-spectrum nucleotide analog prodrug approved for the treatment of COVID-19 in non-hospitalized and hospitalized adult as well as pediatric patients with clinical benefit demonstrated in multiple Phase 3 trials. Here we present SARS-CoV-2 resistance analyses from the Phase 3 ACTT-1 placebo-controlled clinical trial in hospitalized adults.th and 50% of participants with < 20th percentile of cumulative viral shedding underwent resistance analysis in both the RDV and placebo arm. The SARS-CoV-2 genome was sequenced using next generation sequencing. Phenotyping was conducted using virus isolation from clinical samples or generation of select site-directed mutants (SDMs) in a SARS-CoV-2 replicon system.Oro- or nasopharyngeal swab samples in ACTT-1 study were collected on Day 1, 3, 5, 8, 11, 15, and 29. All participants with >80th percentile of cumulative viral shedding from the RDV and placebo arms as shown in Table\u00a01. Among participants with both baseline and postbaseline sequencing data, emergent substitutions in nsp12 were observed in 12 of 31 participants (38.7%) treated with RDV and 12 of 30 participants (40.0%) in the placebo arm. The nsp12 substitutions that emerged in the RDV arm were only observed in one participant each, and the majority were present as mixtures with wildtype sequence. The following nsp12 mutations emerged in the RDV treatment group and were successfully phenotyped as clinical isolates or SDMs with low to no fold change in RDV susceptibility: A16V (0.8-fold), P323L+V792I (2.2-fold), C799F (2.5-fold), K59N (1.0-fold), and K59N+V792I (3.4-fold). V792I and C799F were identified previously in vitro in resistance selection experiments (Stevens Sci Transl Med 2022). In addition, for D684N and V764L identified in the RDV arm, the recovery of neither clinical isolates nor SDMs for phenotypic analysis were successful.The majority of the sequencing data were obtained from participants with 80The similar rate of emerging nsp12 substitutions in participants treated with RDV compared to placebo and the minimal to no change in RDV susceptibility among the treatment-emergent nsp12 substitutions support a high barrier to RDV resistance development in COVID-19 patients.Charlotte Hedskog, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Lauren Rodriguez, PhD, Gilead: Stocks/Bonds Alexander L. Greninger, MD, PhD, Abbott: Contract Testing|Cepheid: Contract Testing|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Contract Testing|Hologic: Contract Testing|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Contract Testing|Pfizer: Contract Testing Jiani Li, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Jason Perry, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Dong Han, MS, Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Gregory Camus, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employee and shareholder|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Danielle P. Porter, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Mucorales (MCR) and Gram-negative rods (GNR) commonly infect patients (pts) with hematological malignancies (HM); however, their co-occurrence is understudied.We retrospectively reviewed the records of 63 pts with HM and sinopulmonary MCR  at MD Anderson Cancer Center  from 2008-2016. Co-occurrence was defined as a culture positive for GNR taken from sinuses or the lungs within 90 days (d) of a positive Mucorales culture or histology demonstrating Mucorales spp.Ninety percent of the 63 pts with MCR had leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome (54% AML) and 10% had lymphoma/myeloma. Sixty-eight percent had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Sixty-seven percent were neutropenic at the time of MCR diagnosis. Thirty-five percent had received > 600mg of prednisone within 30 days (d) prior to MCR diagnosis. Thirty-five percent were admitted to the ICU during the time of MCR treatment. MCR pts had sinusitis (42.9%), pneumonia (38.1%) and disseminated sinopulmonary disease (19.0%). Nearly all pts (92%) received empiric antimicrobials with activity against Pseudomonas prior to collection of their positive fungal cultures. Twenty-three pts (37%) had concurrent detection of GNRs  in samples from the sinopulmonary tract. Eight of 23 co-isolations of GNRs and Mucorales (35%) were found in same-day samples. Demographic and clinical characteristics of pts with and without co-occurrence of GNR were comparable. Pts with co-occurrence had less frequently received antibiotics with activity against Stenotrophomonas 7 (30.4%) vs 23 . Ninety-day all-cause mortality was high and comparable in pts with (83%) and without (78%) GNR detection (p = 0.75).Over a third of heavily immunosuppressed pts with sinopulmonary MCR harbor GNRs in their respiratory tract, most commonly Pseudomonas. Although no impact on survival outcomes was seen in a background of high mortality, pathogenesis studies are needed to understand the mutualistic interplay of GNR and Mucorales spp. and their influence on host responses.William R. Miller, MD, Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|UpToDate: Royalties - Topic Contributor Dimiitrios P. Kontoyiannis, MD, ScD, PhD (hon), AbbVie: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma: Honoraria|Cidara Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "Article title: Nano-drug co-delivery system of natural active ingredients and chemotherapy drugs for cancer treatment: a reviewAuthors: Bingqian Li, Huili Shao, Lei Gao, Huan Li, Huagang Sheng, and Liqiao ZhuJournal:Drug DeliveryBibliometrics: Volume 29, Number 1, pages 2130\u20132161DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/10717544.2022.2094498As per author\u2019s request, the captions of figure 6 and 8 should be revised as shown below.International Journal of Nanomedicine 2020; 15: 10285\u201310304\u2019 Originally published by and used with permission from Dove Medical Press Ltd.Figure 6. Illustration of the preparation, dual-drugs loading, pH-responsive intracellular release of MSNCA@GODOX-HA nanoparticles and the apoptosis induction in MCF-7 cells. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2021; 16: 1775\u20131787\u2019 Originally published by and used with permission from Dove Medical Press Ltd.Figure 8. Schematic representation of the carrier-free nanoparticles (NPs) via co-assembly between UA and MTX."}
{"text": "Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a frequent complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant  and may increase the risk of other viral infections through its immunomodulatory effects. Donor CMV serology (seropositive [D+] or seronegative donor [D-]) in CMV-seropositive (R+) or seronegative recipients (R-) may impact outcomes post allo-HCT. We analyzed the significance of donor CMV serostatus in a large cohort of alloHCT recipients.This is a single-center, retrospective cohort study of 651 allo-HCT recipients cared for at our institution between March 2016 and December 2018. Data on baseline demographics, transplant characteristics, preventive strategies, CMV infection characteristics, and transplant-related outcomes (development of graft versus host disease (GVHD), all-cause mortality, and non-relapse mortality) were collected. A univariate analysis was performed for outcomes of interest using CMV serostatus D-/R- as a control group.Out of the 651 allo-HCT recipients, 77 were D-/R-, 43 D+/R-, 290 D+/R+, and 241 D-/R+ (table 1). Most patients underwent HCT for AML (40%), received myeloablative conditioning (51%), and had a matched unrelated donor (MUD) HCT (46%). In 2018, letermovir was used in 27% of the D+/R+, 18% of the D-/R+ allo-HCT recipients (table 1) for a total of 116 (55%) allo-HCT recipients. Compared to the CMV D-/R- group, D+/R+ and D-/R+ groups (table 2) had a greater incidence of clinically signicant CMV infections (CS-CMVi) , CMV end organ disease , and refractory/resistant (R/R) CMV infections  with 48 weeks of allo-HCT. CS-CMVi and R/R CMV was more common in D-/R+ allo-HCT when compared to D+/R+ group . D-/R+ allo-HCT had worse non-relapse mortality at day 100 compared to D-/R- .Allo-HCT recipients with CMV seronegative donor and recipient had less CMV related complications and a trend towards better survival when compared to D-/R+ allo-HCT. CMV D-/R+ HCT recipients had greater CMV related complications when compared to CMV D+/R+ HCT recipients, possibly due to the protective affect of donor seropositivity.Terri Lynn Shigle, PharmD, BCOP, Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Gabriella Rondon, MD, Omeros: Advisor/Consultant Elizabeth Shpall, MD, Adaptimmune: Advisor/Consultant|Affimed: License agreement|Axio: Advisor/Consultant|Bayer Helathcare Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria|Fibroblasts and FibrioBiologics: Advisor/Consultant|Navan: Advisor/Consultant|NY Blood Center: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: License agreement Ella Ariza-Heredia, MD, MERCK: Grant/Research Support Roy F. Chemaly, MD/MPH, Karius: Advisor/Consultant|Karius: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is emerging as novel effective intervention in lung cancer, but study to unearth effective surrogates indicating its therapeutic outcomes is limited. We investigated the genetic changes between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with varied response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy and discovered highly potential biomarkers with indicative capability in predicting outcomes.In this study, 3 adenocarcinoma and 11 squamous cell carcinoma NSCLC patients were treated by neoadjuvant immunotherapy with variated regimens followed by surgical resection. Treatment-naive FFPE or fresh tissues and blood samples were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES). Genetic alternations were compared between differently-responded patients. Findings were further validated in multiple public cohorts.DNA damage repair (DDR)-related InDel signatures and DDR-related gene mutations were enriched in better-responded patients, i.e., major pathological response (MPR) group. Besides, MPR patients exhibited provoked genome instability and unique homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) events. By further inspecting alternation status of homology-dependent recombination (HR) pathway genes, the clonal alternations were exclusively enriched in MPR group. Additionally, associations between HR gene alternations, percentage of viable tumor cells and HRD event were identified, which orchestrated tumor mutational burden (TMB), mutational intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) ITH and clonal neoantigen load in patients. Validations in public cohorts further supported the generality of our findings.We reported for the first time the association between HRD event and enhanced neoadjuvant immunotherapy response in lung cancer. The power of HRD event in patient therapeutic stratification persisted in multifaceted public cohorts. We propose that HR pathway gene status could serve as novel and additional indicators guiding immune-neoadjuvant and immunotherapy treatment decisions for NSCLC patients.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13045-022-01283-7 To the editorIn the past decades, neoadjuvant therapy has provided extra treatment opportunities for lung cancer patients and prolonged their survival . For exaTP53 (92.9%), MUC16 (42.9%), CSMD3 (35.7%) and MUC4 (35.7%) most frequently mutated  genes on genome instability, the chromosome and arm-level copy number variation (CNV) burden  escalateWe next inspected TMB and ITH considering their recognized impacts on immunotherapy efficacy . Non-aneAdditionally, MPR group generated more neoantigens with higher clonal proportion  Regimen combinations of the 14 NSCLC patients. (B) Chemotherapeutic drugs and immunotherapy agents used by each patient. (C) Neoadjuvant immunotherapy duration time distribution between MPR and Non-MPR groups. (D) Correlation between PD-L1 expression and percentage of viable tumor cells in patients. (E) Mutation number retained after filtrations. (F) Mutation number distribution on MPR/Non-MPR and FFPE/Frozen specimen. (G) Six substitution type spectrum plot in two patient groups. P-values were shown above each substitution category. (H) Exposures of three types of mutation signature to known database. SBS: single base substitution; ID: InDel; DBS: double base substitution. Either sum or log2 fold change of the absolute exposures was addedly depicted. (I) Percentage of altered tumor suppressor genes enriched in multiple DNA repair-related pathways in MPR and Non-MPR group. Figure S2. SCNA statistical and signature analyses results in groups with distinct therapeutic response. (A) Chromosome level CNV burden between MPR/Non-MPR groups. (B) Arm level CNV burden in two groups. (C) Chromosome level CNV burden between squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) MPR/Non-MPR patients. (D) Arm level CNV burden in two SCC patient groups. (E) Correlation between chromosome level CNV burden and percentage of viable tumor cells. (F) Correlation between arm level CNV burden and percentage of viable tumor cells. (G) Percentage of genome amplified in two groups. (H) Percentage of genome deleted in two groups. (I) Percentage of genome amplified in SCC patients. (J) Percentage of genome deleted in SCC patients. (K) SCNA heatmap only plotting copy number alternations exceeding the threshold +/-0.2. Two aneuploid samples were marked by pink circles. (L) Contributions of three SCNA signatures in all samples. Adenocarcinoma samples were marked with pink triangles. (M) Proportion of SCNA Signature 1 in patients. (N) Proportion of SCNA Signature 7 in patients. (O) Proportion of SCNA Signature 5 in patients. (P) Proportion of SCNA Signature 1 in SCC patients. (Q) Proportion of SCNA Signature 7 in SCC patients. (R) Proportion of SCNA Signature 5 in SCC patients. Figure S3. HRDscore in non-aneuploid SCC samples. (A) HRDscore calculated on non-aneuploid SCC samples. (B) Correlation between HRDscore and percentage of viable tumor cells in all non-aneuploid SCC samples. Figure S4. Multidimensional ITH comparison results between MPR/Non-MPR groups. (A) TMB value distribution in SCC samples. (B) Correlation between TMB and percentage of viable tumor cells in SCC samples. (C) Clonal TMB value in two groups, only selecting SCC patients. (D) Correlation between clonal TMB and percentage of viable tumor cells on SCC samples. (E) Germline HR pathway gene mutation number in MPR/Non-MPR groups. (F) Subclonal SCNA fragment number in two groups, only selecting SCC samples. (G) Correlation between subclonal SCNA fragment number and percentage of viable tumor cells, only selecting SCC samples. Figure S5. Investigation on the neoantigen load difference between patients with distinct outcomes. (A) TNB in two groups. (B) Correlation between TNB values and percentage of viable tumor cells. (C) TNB in two groups, only selecting SCC samples. (D) Correlation between TNB values and percentage of viable tumor cells, only selecting SCC samples. (E) Clonal TNB value distribution in two groups, only selecting SCC samples. (F) Correlation between clonal TNB and percentage of viable tumor cells, only selecting SCC samples. (G) HLA LOH frequency in MPR/Non-MPR groups. (H) TNB value on kept HLA alleles. (I) Correlation between TNB on kept HLA alleles and percentage of viable tumor cells. (J) TNB value on kept HLA alleles, only selecting SCC samples. (K) Correlation between TNB on kept HLA alleles and percentage of viable tumor cells, only selecting SCC samples. (L) Clonal TNB value on kept HLA alleles. (M) Correlation between clonal TNB on kept HLA alleles and percentage of viable tumor cells. (N) Clonal TNB value on kept HLA alleles, only selecting SCC samples. (O) Correlation between clonal TNB on kept HLA alleles and percentage of viable tumor cells, only selecting SCC samples. Figure S6. Comprehensive analysis on clonal neoantigen and SCNA bring insights to the function of SCNA on neoantigen generation. (A) Percentage of kept clonal neoantigens on SCNA regions in two groups. (B) Correlation between CNV-related neoantigen proportion and percentage of viable tumor cells. (C) Percentage of kept clonal neoantigens on SCNA regions in two groups, only selecting SCC samples. (D) Correlation between CNV-related neoantigen proportion and percentage of viable tumor cells, only selecting SCC samples. (E) Number of clonal neoantigen on kept HLA alleles and their distribution on 3 types of SCNAs. Adenocarcinoma samples were marked with pink triangles. The sample with ATR mutation was marked with arrow. (F) Correlation between clonal neoantigen number on amplified segments and percentage of viable tumor cells. (G) Correlation between clonal neoantigen number on amplified segments and percentage of viable tumor cells, only selecting SCC samples. (H) Correlation values on all 11 non-aneuploid and high purity samples, calculated by Spearman Correlation Coefficient (SCC). (I) Similar with (H), the correlation values were on MPR samples. (J) Similar with (H), the correlation values were on Non-MPR samples. Figure S7. Investigation on HR pathway gene alternation frequency in patients with distinct response from public cohorts. (A) HR pathway gene mutation frequency in J Immunother Cancer. 2020 neoadjuvant dataset. Left: in pCR patients. Middle: in other patients. Right: percentage of distinct mutant reads for each HR gene mutation detected. Mutations from pCR patients were marked with red color. (B) HR pathway gene mutation frequency in N Engl J Med. 2018 neoadjuvant dataset. Left: in MPR patients. Middle: in Non-MPR patients. Right: percentage of distinct mutant reads for each HR gene mutation detected. Mutations from MPR patients were marked with red color. (C) HR pathway gene mutation frequency in DCB patients from Nat Genet. 2018 dataset. Left: all and clonal HR gene mutations. Right: all and clonal HR core pathway mutations. (D) Similar with (C), but using non-DCB patients. (E) Similar with (C), but using J Clin Oncol. 2018 dataset. (F) Similar with (C), but using NDB patients. (G) HR pathway gene mutation frequency in patients achieved DCB in chemotherapy from Cancer Discov. 2017 dataset. (H) Similar with (G), but in NDB patients. (I) HR pathway gene SCNA frequency in patients achieved DCB in chemotherapy from Cancer Discov. 2017 dataset. Left: HR gene SCNAs. Right: HR core pathway gene SCNAs. (J) Similar with (I), but in NDB patients. (K) HR pathway gene mutation frequency in patients achieved CR and PR in chemotherapy from Nat Med. 2018 dataset. Left: all and clonal HR gene mutations. Right: all and clonal HR core pathway mutations. (L) Similar with (K), but in other patients. (M) Similar with (K), but using patients received immunotherapy. (N) Similar with (M), but in other patients. Figure S8. Comparisons on TMB values stratified by therapeutic response and HR pathway gene status from public cohorts. (A) TMB and clonal TMB value distribution between DCB and other patients in non-squamous population from Nat Genet. 2018 dataset. Left: TMB. Right: clonal TMB. (B) Similar with (A) but using HR pathway gene clonal mutations as the stratification strategy. (C) TMB value distribution between DCB and NDB patients in J Clin Oncol. 2018. (D) Similar with (C) but focusing on different histological subtypes. Left: in adenocarcinoma subgroup. Right: in squamous subgroup. (E) Similar with (D) but using HR pathway gene mutation as the classification strategy. (F) Clonal TMB value distribution between patients stratified by HRD event in J Clin Oncol. 2018 dataset. Left: between patients with and without HR pathway gene mutation. Right: between patients with and without HR pathway gene clonal mutation. (G) TMB value distribution between CR+PR and other immunotherapy patients in Nat Med. 2018 dataset. (H) Similar with (G) but focusing on different histological subtypes. Left: in non-squamous subgroup. Right: in squamous subgroup. (I) TMB value distribution between CR+PR patients with HRD and other CR+PR patients in Nat Med. 2018. (J) Similar with (F), but in Nat Med. 2018 dataset. Figure S9. Survival analyses and TMB comparisons on HRD event-stratified patients in multiple public cohorts. (A) PFS of patients stratified by HR gene mutational condition in Nat Genet. 2018 dataset. Left: between patients with and without HR gene mutation. Right: between patients with and without HR gene clonal mutation. (B) Similar with (A), but on OS data. (C) Similar with (A) but in all patients from J Clin Oncol. 2018 cohort. (D) Similar with (C) but in adenocarcinoma patients. (E) Similar with (C), but in squamous patients. (F) PFS and TMB of all DCB patients with and without HR gene mutations in Nat Genet. 2018 cohort. (G) Similar with (F) but on OS data. (H) Similar with (F) but using HR pathway gene clonal mutations as the classification strategy. (I) Similar with (H) but on OS data. (J) Similar with (F) but in patients from J Clin Oncol. 2018 cohort. Figure S10. Survival analyses and TMB comparisons conducted on Nat Med. 2018 blood cohort. (A) Survival and TMB of all chemo-treated non-squamous patients with and without HR gene mutations. Left: OS. Middle: PFS. Right: TMB distribution. (B) Similar with (A) but on squamous patients. (C) Similar with (A) but on patients received immunotherapy. (D) Similar with (C) but on squamous patients. (E) Survival and TMB of all HR pathway-mutant patients treated with immunotherapy and chemotherapy. Left: OS. Middle: PFS. Right: TMB distribution. (F) Similar with (E) but among patients with HR gene clonal mutations. Figure S11. Investigation on HR pathway gene alternation frequency and HRD events in multiracial untreated patients. (A) HR pathway gene mutation frequency in Sci Rep. 2015 dataset. Left: all and clonal HR gene mutations. Right: all and clonal HR core pathway mutations. (B) Similar with (A), but in J Thorac Oncol. 2020 cohort. (C) Similar with (A), but in TCGA-LUAD dataset. (D) Similar with (A), but in TCGA-LUSC dataset. (E) HR pathway gene alternation frequency in TCGA-LUAD dataset. (F) Similar with (E), but in TCGA-LUSC dataset. (G) Correlation between CNV burden and HRDscore in TCGA-LUAD dataset. (H) Similar with (G), but in TCGA-LUSC dataset.Additional file 4: Supplementary Materials and methods."}
{"text": "In-vitro neutralizing antibody (Ab) titers correlated with \u223c250 IU/mL Spike Ig Ab level for the Delta COVID-19 variant, establishing the 2021 French and Swiss cutoff for booster guidance. In a New York City healthcare clinic where those guidelines were adopted, we aimed to quantify vaccination responses in HIV+ and HIV- individuals to assess the utility of quantifying antibodies to guide booster timing.Adults who were fully vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2 virus  were included if >1 Roche SARS-CoV-2 Semi-Quant Spike Ig Ab test was performed >21 days after vaccination and before any booster (through 03DEC2021). Vaccine response was assessed at the first Ab test and considered adequate (>250 IU/mL) or inadequate . The rate of Ab decline was estimated with linear regression, using all sequential Ab tests over the first 6 months between vaccination and boosting. Analyses were stratified by vaccine type, HIV status and CD4 count in HIV+ ( >200 cells/\u00b5L cutoff).Out of 1979 patients, 869 completed their primary vaccinations, of whom 825 (95%) had \u22651 eligible Ab test . Overall, 83% had an adequate immune response to vaccination , with similar findings regardless of HIV status and CD4 count . In those with \u22652 Ab tests within six months between vaccination and boosting, Ab levels declined at a rate of 91 IU/mL per month . While some variation was observed, rates of Ab decay were generally consistent across vaccine, HIV status and CD4 count strata . Only 1/7 breakthrough COVID-19 infections occurred post booster (6 days later).In the pre-omicron era, primary COVID immunization with a mRNA vaccine generally yielded adequate Ab responses, although inadequate responses were observed in 19% of Pfizer, 6% of Moderna, and 49% of J&J vaccine recipients. Ab levels decreased at an average rate of 91 IU/mL per month after primary immunization. Variability in vaccine responses and Ab declines show the utility of measuring spike Ig Ab levels rather than using empiric time frames for booster guidance. Omicron-specific quantitative IgG neutralization levels must be established to inform preventative care.Ricky K. Hsu, MD, Gilead: Honoraria|Merck: Honoraria|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Honoraria Laurence Brunet, PhD, AIDS Healthcare Foundation: Client of my employer|EMD Serono: Client of my employer|Gilead Sciences: Client of my employer|Janssen: Client of my employer|Merck & Co: Client of my employer|TheraTechnologies: Client of my employer|ViiV Healthcare: Client of my employer Jennifer S. Fusco, BS, AIDS Healthcare Foundation: Client of my employer|EMD Serono: Client of my employer|Gilead Sciences: Client of my employer|Janssen: Client of my employer|Merck & Co.: Client of my employer|TheraTechnologies: Client of my employer|ViiV Healthcare: Client of my employer."}
{"text": "The shift to antiretroviral single-tablet regimens (STR) from multiple-tablet regimens (MTR) has lagged for people living with HIV (PLWH) covered by Medicaid. This study examines STR and MTR utilization and pharmacy costs over a 5-year period for PLWH enrolled in Medicaid.This retrospective study used IQVIA\u2019s Prescription Claims (Rx) data to identify two mutually exclusive cohorts based on STR or MTR use within each of 5 calendar years (2016-2020). For the STR cohort, the date of the first STR claim in each calendar year was termed the index date. For the MTR cohort, the date of the first MTR drug in the first observed complete MTR regimen in each calendar year was termed the index date; a window of 5 days between prescription fills for the agents used in an MTR regimen was allowed. The regimen received on the index date was used to assign the study cohort for each year and study measures were reported for each of the 5 calendar years. Additional eligibility criteria are provided in Table\u00a01.The final STR cohort was 47,140  in 2016 and 73,111 (13.5%) in 2020 (Table\u00a01). The final MTR cohort was 36,007 (15.5%) in 2016 and 20,264 (13.5%) in 2020. The distribution of PLWH with Medicaid Fee-For-Service (FFS) or Medicaid managed care was generally similar by year for both STR and MTR cohorts from 2016 to 2019 ; Medicaid managed care enrollment for both cohorts increased in 2020 (62.4-62.9%). Among PLWH, STR use increased annually from 56.7% in 2016 to 78.3% in 2020 . Conversely, MTR use decreased from 43.3% to 21.7% over the same time period. The increase in STR utilization over time was consistent for both plan types. Mean HIV-specific per member per month (PMPM) pharmacy costs were similar across years for both STR and MTR cohorts, ranging from $2,016-$2,342 for STR cohorts and $2,247-$2,380 for MTR cohorts .Between 2019 and 2020, PLWH enrolled in Medicaid shifted from FFS towards managed care. STR use among PLWH enrolled in Medicaid increased from 2016 to 2020 with minimal differences in PMPM pharmacy costs compared with PLWH enrolled in Medicaid receiving MTR.Andrew P. Brogan, PhD, ViiV Healthcare: Employee, Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Cindy Garris, MS, ViiV Healthcare: Employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Julie Priest, MSPH, ViiV Healthcare: Employee, Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Victoria Divino, BA, IQVIA: Employee, Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Jing He, PhD, IQVIA: Employee, Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Justin Chen, MHS, IQVIA: Employee, Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Mitch DeKoven, MHSA, IQVIA: Employee, Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Epetraborole (EBO) \u2014 an orally available bacterial leucyl transfer RNA synthetase inhibitor with potent activity against nontuberculous mycobacteria \u2014 is under clinical development for treatment of MAC lung disease. We conducted a Phase 1b dose-ranging study of EBO tablets in healthy adult volunteers, to inform dose selection in the treatment of MAC lung disease.In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, EBO or placebo tablets were administered  at dosages of 250-1000 mg q24h or 500 mg or 1000 mg q48h for up to 28 days. Standard Ph1 clinical and laboratory evaluations and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were assessed. Based on prior human studies using significantly higher EBO daily doses, gastrointestinal (GI) events and anemia were predetermined AEs of special interest (AESIs). Plasma concentrations of EBO were measured by validated LC-MS/MS methods. Plasma PK parameters were determined using non-compartmental methods.max and AUC0-\u221e of EBO increased in a linear, dose-proportional manner across cohorts. Tmax was observed at \u223c1 h post dose; mean t1/2 ranged from 7.63 to 11.1 h.A total of 43 subjects were enrolled; the 1000 mg q24h cohort was terminated early due to local COVID restrictions. Overall, 80.6% EBO subjects and 83.3% placebo subjects experienced \u22651 TEAE, none of which was serious or severe (Table). Most TEAEs were mild in severity (90%), and the remainder were moderate (10%). No TEAE leading to withdrawal from study was reported. The most frequent types of TEAEs were GI events , the most common being mild nausea. Two subjects had premature discontinuation of EBO due to a TEAE (asymptomatic liver enzyme elevations in a 250 mg q24h subject and mild nausea in a 1000 mg q48h subject). One 1000mg q24h subject had a TEAE of anemia. No clinically significant findings or TEAEs were observed for physical examinations, ECGs, or urine laboratory tests. Plasma COral EBO administered for 28-day dosing was generally well tolerated at the predicted therapeutic dose (500mg q24h)Predictable PK characteristics facilitate its use in MAC lung diseaseFurther evaluation in a Phase 2/3 treatment-refractory MAC lung disease study is plannedPaul B. Eckburg, MD, Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Safety Review Board|Spero Therapeutics, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant Sanjay Chanda, PhD, AN2 Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds George Talbot, MD, AN2 Therapeutics, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|AN2 Therapeutics, Inc.: Co-founder Christopher M. Rubino, PharmD, Adagio Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Bravos Biosciences: Ownership Interest|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|ICPD: Ownership Interest|ICPD Biosciences, LLC.: Ownership Interest|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics,: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Hospitalized COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia are commonly treated for secondary bacterial pneumonia. The Biofire pneumonia panel, a rapid molecular diagnostic tool with 18 bacterial, 8 viral and 7 resistance gene targets, was made available to critical care and infectious disease clinicians in May 2020 at our institution. We sought to describe its utilization and influence on antibiotic use in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).Eligible patients with COVID-19 LRTI  had sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage pneumonia panel (PNP) paired with a respiratory tract culture between May 4 and Dec. 8, 2020, were included. Demographics, comorbidities, clinical data including microbiologic testing, PNP indication(s), and antibiotic use after testing were abstracted through chart review. Descriptive statistics were utilized.Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacterial isolate identified  with culture growth in 21 specimens. More than 1 target was identified in 29 patients (22%). Empiric antibiotics and subsequent modifications within 24h hours of pneumonia panel are provided in Table\u00a03. Vancomycin and cefepime were most frequently prescribed. Antibiotic modifications were made in 71/133 patients. Cessation of the anti-MRSA agent occurred in 39/72 (54%) of eligible patients and the anti-Pseudomonal agent in 21/78 (27%).Characteristics of 133 patients are provided in Table\u00a01. Median age was 61 years, 93 (70%) were male, 93 (70%) were mechanically ventilated, and 68 (51%) died within 30 days on PNP testing. PNP results, including culture results are listed in Table\u00a02. No target was identified in 63 (47%) patients. The PNP is a useful tool to evaluate secondary bacterial pneumonia in critically ill COVID-19 patients and may assist clinicians and antimicrobial stewardship programs in expedited antibiotic discontinuation or de-escalation particularly where rates of secondary bacterial infection are low, such as COVID-19 LRTI.Erica J. Stohs, MD, MPH, bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support Paul D. Fey, PhD, BioFire: Advisor/Consultant|BioFire: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support Trevor C. Van Schooneveld, MD, bioMerieux: Advisor/Consultant|bioMerieux: Grant/Research Support|Insmed: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Thermo-Fischer: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "Escherichia coli, most commonly due to production of an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), and lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Pulsed Xenon Ultraviolet light (PX-UV), in combination with terminal cleaning, has been shown to improve disinfection and has the potential to lower HAIs by reducing the horizontal spread of infections in hospitals. Here, we assess the effect of PX-UV on the clonal recovery pattern of several E. coli sequence types (STs) using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS).Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) can be caused by some multidrug-resistant E. coli samples were collected. WGS of the isolates was performed using the Nextseq 550 (Illumina). After de novo assembly, BioNumerics calculation engine (v7.6) was used to complete Whole Genome Multilocus Sequence Type (wgMLST) analysis, assembly free and assembly-based call, and construction of minimum spanning tree (MST).A prospective, sham-controlled, double-blinded, interventional, crossover trial was conducted to compare standard terminal cleaning with PX-UV  and standard terminal cleaning with sham UV  in 2 Detroit hospitals from 2017 to 2020. Treatments lasted 12 months before crossover, with a 6-month washout period in between (Group R) during which UV was not used. A total of 67 The total number of different STs found for the intervention UV device group (Q) and the sham UV device group (W) was 6 while the washout group (R) was 5. Out of the 9 total STs obtained, the most common was ST131 (Table\u00a01). In Group Q, 11 of ST131 were found; 15 were found in Group W. During the washout period (R) 17 of ST131 were found. All other STs had 3 or less circulating clusters. After UV treatment ST1193, ST399, and ST7394 were not recovered.E. coli ST found in Detroit, which is consistent with previously published data stating ST131 as the predominant strain. While PX-UV has previously demonstrated effectiveness on decreasing bioburden, our data does not indicate any remarkable change in clonality and prevalence of E. coli STs after PX-UV use.During UV intervention 3 different STs  were not recovered, but there were negligible changes to the frequency of recovery of the other 6 STs as compared to sham UV treatment. ST131 was the dominant Piyali Chatterjee, PhD, AHRQ Grant # 1R03HS027667-01: Grant/Research Support|AHRQ Grant # 1R03HS027667-01: Central Texas Veterans Health Care System Keith S. Kaye, MD, MPH, Allecra: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline plc.: Receiving symposia honoraria|GlaxoSmithKline plc.: GlaxoSmithKline plc.-sponsored study 212502|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Spero: Advisor/Consultant Chetan Jinadatha, MD, MPH, AHRQ R01 Grant-5R01HS025598: Grant/Research Support|EOS Surfaces: Copper Coupons and materials for testing."}
{"text": "We previously demonstrated frequent detection of HHV-6B DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and its positive association with mortality in HCT recipients from 1992-2015 with lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD). Whether these findings remain pertinent in contemporary patients, the additive value of testing for viral gene transcription, and the correlation of HHV-6 detection in blood and BALF, are unknown.We conducted a prospective study of allogeneic HCT recipients undergoing BAL for LRTD within 120 days of HCT at three cancer centers from 2015-2019. We collected and tested paired blood and BALF for HHV-6B DNA by qPCR and HHV-6B mRNA (U38 and U90 gene transcripts) among DNA positive samples using RT-qPCR. We described the detection of HHV-6B DNA and mRNA in blood and BALF, generated receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to determine the ability of BALF HHV-6B DNA detection to predict HHV-6B mRNA detection, and analyzed the association of HHV-6B DNA detection with mortality.Figure\u00a01). BALF HHV-6B DNA \u2265 218 copies/ml had an area under the curve of 0.93 for predicting detection of BALF viral mRNA . In turn, patients with BALF HHV-6B DNA \u2265 218 copies/mL had increased risk for mortality and death due to LRTD within 60 days after the BAL . This association remained after adjustment for age, oxygen use, and steroid use at the time of BAL in a multivariable Cox model .We enrolled 116 allogeneic HCT recipients who underwent 125 BALs. HHV-6B DNA was detected in 45 of 122 BALF (37%) compared to 19 of 124 (15%) plasma samples. Among the 45 BALF samples with HHV-6B DNA detected, either HHV-6B mRNA transcript was detected in 22 (49%) (HHV-6B was detected more frequently in BALF than plasma, suggesting compartment-specific reactivation. BALF HHV-6B DNA \u2265 218 copies/mL had high sensitivity and specificity for detection of viral gene transcription in BALF and was associated with increased mortality; this viral load is strikingly similar to the BALF viral load threshold of 251 copies/mL associated with mortality in our prior retrospective study. Together, these data suggest transcriptionally active HHV-6B is a clinically impactful pulmonary pathogen in contemporary HCT recipients.Joshua A. Hill, MD, Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Allovir: Grant/Research Support|Covance/CSL: Advisor/Consultant|CRISPR: Advisor/Consultant|Deverra: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Karius: Advisor/Consultant|Karius: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Octapharma: Advisor/Consultant|OptumHealth: Advisor/Consultant|Oxford Immunotec: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Alpana waghmare, MD, Allovir: Grant/Research Support|Ansun BioPharma: Grant/Research Support|Kyorin Pharmaceutical: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Vir/GSK: Grant/Research Support Geoffrey Hill, M.D., FRACP, FRCPA, Applied Molecular Transport: Grant/Research Support|Compass Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Generon Corporation: Advisor/Consultant|Heat Biologics: Grant/Research Support|iTeos Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|iTeos Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Laevoroc Oncology: Grant/Research Support|NapaJen Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Neoleukin Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Serplus Technology: Grant/Research Support|Syndax Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support Danielle M. Zerr, MD MPH, AlloVir: Advisor/Consultant Sanjeet S. Dadwal, MD, FACP, FIDSA, AlloVir: Advisor/Consultant|AlloVir: Grant/Research Support|Ansun Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Aseptiscope: Advisor/Consultant|Aseptiscope: Stocks/Bonds|Astellas: Speaker's Bureau|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Karius: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Speaker's Bureau|Takeda: Speaker's Bureau Michael J. Boeckh, MD PhD, Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Amazon: Grant/Research Support|Ansun Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|EvrysBio: Advisor/Consultant|Gates Ventures: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Helocyte: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kyorin Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|ReViral: Advisor/Consultant|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Grant/Research Support|Vir Biotechnology: Advisor/Consultant|Vir Biotechnology: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Beta-lactam therapeutic drug monitoring  can facilitate improved outcomes in critically ill patients. Yet less than 20% of hospitals have implemented BL TDM. The purpose of this study was to characterize provider perceptions and key considerations for successful implementation of BL TDM.This was a sequential mixed methods study from 2020 to 2021 of stakeholders at three academic medical centers with varying degrees of BL TDM implementation - Mayo Clinic (BL TDM not implemented), University of Florida Health Shands , and Royal Brisbane and Women\u2019s Hospital (fully implemented). Stakeholders completed a survey to characterize their knowledge, perceptions, and experience with BL TDM. A diverse group of 30 respondents were then purposively sampled for semi-structured interviews. Results from the two strands were integrated, themes were identified, and findings were situated within implementation science frameworks.Among the 138 survey respondents (22% response rate), the majority were physicians (38%) and pharmacists (33%). 71% practiced in critical care and 21% in infectious diseases. The majority of respondents felt BL TDM was relevant to their practice and improved medication effectiveness and safety . Two implementation themes were identified: individual internalization and organizational features. Individuals needed to internalize, make sense of, and agree to BL TDM implementation which was positively influenced by repeated exposure to evidence and expertise. The process of internalization seemed more complex with BL TDM than with other antibiotics . Organizational considerations relevant to BL TDM implementation included adequate physical and informational infrastructure, access to trained personnel, supportive governance/leadership, and robust process and workflow development.We found broad enthusiasm about the relevance and potential benefits of BL TDM among stakeholders. Prior literature suggested the primary barrier to implementation was assay availability, but we identified many more individual and organizational attributes which impacted the scale and spread of BL TDM.Sara Ausman, PharmD, Gilead: Honoraria Christina G. Rivera, PharmD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|Insmed: Honoraria Jason Roberts, BPharm(Hons), PhD, FSHP, FISAC, British Society of Chemotherapy: Grant/Research Support|Cipla: Honoraria|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Honoraria|Pfizer: Board Member|Pfizer: Honoraria|Qpex: Grant/Research Support|Sandoz: Board Member|Summit: Advisor/Consultant|Wolters Kluwer: Advisor/Consultant Marc H. Scheetz, PharmD, MSc, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Allecra: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Nevakar: Advisor/Consultant|Nevakar: Grant/Research Support|Premier Healthcare Solutions: Honoraria|Spero: Advisor/Consultant|SuperTrans Medical: Advisor/Consultant|SuperTrans Medical: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Third Pole Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "The proportion of older adults living with HIV is growing, increasing the focus of managing age-related comorbidities and polypharmacy while maintaining virologic suppression. DTG/3TC is an international guidelines\u2013recommended 2-drug regimen demonstrating high and durable efficacy, high barrier to resistance, and good safety and tolerability. We present pooled TANGO and SALSA efficacy and safety results analyzed by age .Week 48 data from the open-label phase 3 TANGO and SALSA trials evaluating switch to once-daily DTG/3TC fixed-dose combination or continuing current antiretroviral regimen  were pooled. Proportions of participants with HIV-1 RNA \u2265 50 and < 50 c/mL  and safety were analyzed by age.Of 1234 participants , 71% were aged < 50 years, 26% aged 50 to < 65 years, and 3% aged \u2265 65 years. At Week 48, in participants aged 50 to < 65 years, 1 (< 1%) and 3 (2%) participants in the DTG/3TC and CAR groups, respectively, had HIV-1 RNA \u2265 50 c/mL, comparable to results in the overall population (Table\u00a01). No participants aged \u226565 years had HIV-1 RNA \u2265 50 c/mL. Proportions with HIV-1 RNA < 50 c/mL were high regardless of age group. Adjusted mean change from baseline in CD4+ cell count and CD4+/CD8+ ratio was also consistent with overall results regardless of age (< 50 vs \u2265 50 years). No participants in the DTG/3TC group had confirmed virologic withdrawal (CVW); 1 participant in the CAR group had CVW . Proportions of participants with baseline non-ART medication use and comorbidities increased with age in both treatment groups (Table\u00a02). Across all age groups, proportions of any AEs were similar between the DTG/3TC and CAR groups, with few AEs leading to withdrawal and higher proportions of drug-related AEs with DTG/3TC vs CAR; similar results were observed in the overall population.Among PLWH, switching to DTG/3TC maintained high rates of virologic suppression and demonstrated a favorable safety profile across all age groups, including those aged \u226565 years. As non-ART medication use and comorbidities increased with age, a well-tolerated 2-drug regimen may help older PLWH avoid drug interactions.Manyu Prakash, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Richard Grove, MSc, GlaxoSmithKline: Employee|GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds Brian R. Wynne, M.D., ViiV Healthcare: I am an employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Choy Man, BSc, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Jean A. van Wyk, MBChB, MFPM, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Clifford B. Jones, BSc MSc MB ChB, GSK: Stocks/Bonds|viiv healthcare: Employee Chinyere Okoli, MSc, DIP, ViiV Healthcare: I am an employee of ViiV healthcare|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Emilio Letang, MD, MPH, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Mounir Ait-Khaled, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee Andrew Clark, MD, ViiV Healthcare: Employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Candida spp., with \u223c7% of the bloodstream isolates tested at CDC resistant to fluconazole. We sought to determine if our targeted antifungal px in LT recipients remained effective in the era of rising azole resistance.Antifungal prophylaxis (px) in liver transplant (LT) recipients reduces invasive candidiasis (IC) and its associated mortality. Studies from our institution (UPMC) and others have shown that targeted px was as effective as universal px. Antifungal resistance has emerged among We performed a retrospective study of patients undergoing LT at UPMC between 11/2010 and 06/2021. IC episodes were included if they occurred within 6 months of transplant. IC was defined using EORTC/MSGERC criteria, 2020. CLSI\u2019s M60 2nd edition was used for antifungal susceptibility interpretation. Px was with fluconazole or voriconazole, based on risk factors for yeast or mold infection, respectively .C. albicans and C. glabrata were the most common species . Sixteen isolates underwent susceptibility testing: 12% and 44% were resistant and S-DD to fluconazole ; none were resistant to voriconazole. Attributable mortality of IC was 8%.1065 patients (pts) underwent LT over the study period. The most common indications for LT were HCC and NASH cirrhosis. Thirty-four pts (3%) developed IC within six months. 74% and 65% of these pts had risk factors for yeast or mold infection at some point, respectively (Table\u00a01). Twenty-five of 34 (73.5%) pts received antifungal px, with voriconazole most commonly. Sixteen pts with IC (47%) had living donor transplant, and 11 (32%) had Roux-en-Y anastomosis. Types of IC were intra-abdominal candidiasis in 19 (56%), fungemia in 11 (32%), and intra-abdominal IC with secondary fungemia in 4 (12%). Seventeen (50%) episodes were breakthrough (BT) IC (most BT occurred in the voriconazole group), eight (24%) developed after stopping px, and nine (26%) occurred in those without px (Table\u00a02). Candida spp. We recommend antifungal susceptibility testing for Candida spp. obtained from infected sites to guide antifungal therapy.Targeted antifungal px in LT recipients with fluconazole or voriconazole effectively prevented IC, even in the era of rising azole resistance among Fernanda P. Silveira, MD, Ansun: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Honoraria|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Phunchai Charatcharoenwitthaya. The correct citation is: Pausawasdi N, Hongsrisuwan P, Chalermwai WV, Butt AS, Maipang K, Charatcharoenwitthaya P (2022) The diagnostic performance of combined conventional cytology with smears and cell block preparation obtained from endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for intra-abdominal mass lesions. PLoS ONE 17(3): e0263982."}
{"text": "The primary driver of costs for C/IC pts is hospital length of stay. Studies across multiple infections demonstrate that most clinically stable pts with modest diagnostic & therapeutic requirements can be safely discharged prior to actual HD day. Few studies have assessed if there is an opportunity to accelerate time to HD in pts with C/IC. This study sought to determine the proportion of US hospitalized adult pts with C/IC who received an EC near HD & was potentially eligible for an earlier HD.Candida sp. on a culture consistent with C/IC; \u22653 days of an EC for C/IC; discharged alive; & received an EC near HD (-2 day to HD day). Pts were considerable potentially dischargeable if they met the following 3 criteria & maintained these 3 criteria until HD: resided on a non-ICU hospital ward, taking oral medications, & had no receipt of any diagnostic/therapeutic interventions (insertion of PICC lines were permitted). The difference in hospital days between first potentially eligible HD day & actual HD day was quantified. The proportion of pts that was potentially eligible for an earlier HD was examined overall & by Charlson Comorbidity index (CCI), C/IC, & Candida sp.Design: Retrospective, multi-centered observational study using Premier Healthcare Database (1/2016-4/2019). Study criteria: hospitalized; age \u2265 18 years; C. glabrata (31%) & C. albicans (31%) were the most frequent Candida. sp. Of the 1,008 pts on an EC near HD, 14%, 21%, 29%, & 38% were potentially dischargeable 4, 3, 2, & 1 day(s), respectively, prior to the actual HD day . The proportion of pts who were potentially eligible for HD at least 2 days prior to actual HD day did not vary by CCI score, C/IC, & Candida sp.During study period, 1,599 pts received an EC \u2265 3 days for C/IC & were discharged alive. Of the 1,599 pts, 1,008 (63%) were on an EC near HD. For the 1,008 pts on an EC near HD, the mean (SD) age was 59 (16) years, 52% were male, 40% had a CCI \u22654, 35% were in the ICU on index C/IC culture day, & 64% had C vs IC. Candida sp.Our findings suggest that a high proportion of hospitalized pts with C/IC receiving an EC near the time of HD, had modest diagnostic/therapeutic requirements prior to actual HD day & were potentially eligible for an earlier HD regardless of CCI, infection type, or Thomas Lodise, Jr., Pharm.D., PhD, BioFire Diagnostics: Grant/Research Support|cidara: Advisor/Consultant|cidara: Honoraria|Entasis: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Spero: Advisor/Consultant|Venatrox: Advisor/Consultant Kevin W. Garey, PharmD, MS, Acurx: Grant/Research Support|cidara: Advisor/Consultant|cidara: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Seres Health: Grant/Research Support|Summit: Grant/Research Support Brian H. Nathanson, Ph.D., cidara: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Eravacycline, a novel synthetic fluorocycline, is structurally similar to tigecycline. Cases of tigecycline associated hyperfibrinogenemia have been reported in the literature, however the mechanism is not currently well described. At this time it is unknown if this is a class effect.Mycobacterium abscessus (M.abscessus) who received regular fibrinogen monitoring are described.Two cases of patients on eravacycline for treatment of M.abscessus with positive cultures from the lung and blood. Eravacycline 1 mg/kg BID (80 mg) was started on D1 and continued through D24. Fibrinogen levels on D1 was 448 mg/dl and on D23 were 120 mg/dl. Eravacycline was stopped and fibrinogen returned to normal range (228 mg/dl) in 5 days. Eravacycline was re-trialed at 80 mg BID and fibrinogen level on D1 was 310 mg/dl and 147 mg/dl on D8. No repeat fibrinogen levels were obtained. Patient 2 was a lung transplant recipient (2019) admitted for treatment of M.abscessus skin and soft tissue infection. The patient was started on eravacycline 1 mg/kg BID (90 mg) due to concerns of hypofibrinogenemia from tigecycline. On D1 of eravacycline fibrinogen was 167 mg/dl , on D19 of therapy fibrinogen was 64 mg/dl and eravacycline was stopped. Fibrinogen level returned to normal 3 days after eravacycline discontinuation (212 mg/dl).Patient 1 received a kidney transplant (2010) and was admitted for acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19. Their course was complicated by multiple infections including disseminated Similar to tigecycline, we observed eravacycline related hypofibrinogenemia. Time to onset was variable in the two cases presented. Hypofibrinogenemia was readily reversible, within 3-5 days, with drug withdrawal and reproducible in one patient with re-challenge of eravacycline. Further analysis into eravacycline related hypofibrinogenemia and its impact on coagulation outcomes are warranted based on these reports.David van Duin, MD, PhD, Achaogen: Advisor/Consultant|Allergan: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas: Advisor/Consultant|MedImmune: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|NeuMedicine: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi-Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|T2 Biosystems: Advisor/Consultant|Tetraphase: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "Science. 2019; 363:288). To characterize the nature of antibody protection against CMV after HCT, we tested pre-HCT sera in a cohort of CMV D-R+ allogeneic HCT recipients from the pre-letermovir era using VirScan, a technology that measures pathogen-specific humoral immunity (IgG) at the epitope level.There is renewed interest in CMV-specific humoral immune protection due to recent murine data suggesting that strain-specific antibodies may inhibit CMV cell-to-cell spread  in the first 8 weeks post-HCT.Patients (age 0-70 years) who received 1Figure\u00a01) and the effect appeared more pronounced in adults . High (\u2265 4th quartile vs. 1st quartile), pre-HCT CMV antibody epitopes were associated with an increased risk of any CMV reactivation  and at >150 IU/mL  after adjusting for age, HLA-matching, and pre-HCT T-cell depletion ( >150 IU/mL only).170 CMV D-R+ HCT recipients were tested a median of 26 days (range 7-37 days) prior to HCT and had a median of 37 CMV antibody epitopes . The cumulative incidence of CMV reactivation was higher in patients with greater pre-HCT CMV antibody epitopes at each evaluated PCR threshold (We observed a paradoxically increased risk of CMV reactivation in patients with high pre-HCT CMV VirScan scores. It is possible that pre-HCT CMV-specific humoral immunity as measured by VirScan is reflective of the burden of latent CMV or that CMV-specific antibodies may mediate antibody-dependent enhancement after HCT and thus facilitate reactivation. Future studies are needed to validate our findings in diverse cohorts and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of increased VirScan scores and associated risks of CMV reactivation.Rachel A. Bender Ignacio, MD, MPH, Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|SeaGen: Advisor/Consultant Joshua A. Hill, MD, Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Allovir: Grant/Research Support|Covance/CSL: Advisor/Consultant|CRISPR: Advisor/Consultant|Deverra: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Karius: Advisor/Consultant|Karius: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Octapharma: Advisor/Consultant|OptumHealth: Advisor/Consultant|Oxford Immunotec: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant Geoffrey Hill, M.D., FRACP, FRCPA, Applied Molecular Transport: Grant/Research Support|Compass Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Generon Corporation: Advisor/Consultant|Heat Biologics: Grant/Research Support|iTeos Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|iTeos Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Laevoroc Oncology: Grant/Research Support|NapaJen Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Neoleukin Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Serplus Technology: Grant/Research Support|Syndax Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support Michael J. Boeckh, MD PhD, Allovir: Advisor/Consultant|Amazon: Grant/Research Support|Ansun Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|EvrysBio: Advisor/Consultant|Gates Ventures: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Helocyte: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kyorin Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|ReViral: Advisor/Consultant|Symbio: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Grant/Research Support|Vir Biotechnology: Advisor/Consultant|Vir Biotechnology: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, social interventions such as social distancing and mask wearing have been encouraged. Social risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent hospitalization remain uncertain.Adult patients were eligible if admitted to Emory University Hospital or Emory University Hospital Midtown with acute respiratory infection (ARI) symptoms (\u2264 14 days) or an admitting ARI diagnosis from May 2021 \u2013 Feb 2022. After enrollment, an in-depth interview identified demographic and social factors , household characteristics, and pandemic social behaviors. All patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using PCR. We evaluated whether these demographic and social factors were related to a positive SARS-CoV-2 test upon admission to hospital with ARI using a logistic regression model.1141 subjects were enrolled and had SARS-CoV-2 PCR results available (700 positive and 441 negative). The median age was greater in the SARS-CoV-2 negative cohort than in the positive cohort . Those who tested positive were more likely to have had at least some college education compared to those who tested negative . Compared to those who tested negative, those who were SARS-CoV-2 positive were also more likely to be employed , have children 5-17 yo at home . Those with COVID-19 were less likely to receive home healthcare  and to be a current or previous smoker .Among adults admitted to the hospital for ARI, those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 were typically younger, more likely to care for school-aged children, more likely to work outside the home, but were less likely to receive home healthcare or smoke. Personal and public health strategies to mitigate COVID-19 should take into consideration modifiable social risk factors.Laura A. Puzniak, PhD. MPH, Merck & Co., Inc.: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer Inc.: Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Srinivas Valluri, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Benjamin Lopman, PhD, Epidemiological Research and Methods, LLC: Advisor/Consultant Satoshi Kamidani, MD, NIH: His institution (Emory University) receives funds from Pfizer for his work as a co-investigator on clinical trials of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.|Pfizer: His institution (Emory University) receives funds from Pfizer for his work as a co-investigator on clinical trials of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. Christina A. Rostad, MD, BioFire Inc, GSK, MedImmune, Micron, Merck, Novavax, PaxVax, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi-Pasteur.: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: Co-inventor of RSV vaccine technology licensed to Meissa Vaccines, Inc.|NIH : Grant/Research Support John M. McLaughlin, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Evan J. Anderson, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc: Data Safety Monitoring Board|MedImmune: Grant/Research Support|Medscape: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Micron: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Funding from NIH to conduct clinical trials of Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines|PaxVax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Data Adjudication and Data Safety Monitoring Boards|WCG and ACI Clinical: Data Adjudication Board."}
{"text": "Effectively interrupting the source of transmission is a critical step in ending the HIV epidemic. COMEBACK (NCT04519970) is a 48-week single-center study in Chicago implemented in September 2020, with its main objectives to reengage lost-to-care patients and rapidly reinitiate ART to promote VS and favorable PROs.Adults off ART \u22652 weeks, without history of significant B/F/TAF resistance or renal impairment, were rapidly started on B/F/TAF upon reengagement after same day collection of baseline labs and PROs. A retention screening assessment was used to stratify participants into case management (CM) tiers: Minimal, Moderate, or Advanced. An acuity assessment tool was adapted to determine whether participants needed additional support based on retention and VS. Currently, 80 of the expected 100 subjects are enrolled and 55 have reached the 24-week timepoint. Baseline and 6-month endpoints were analyzed for these participants.3, with a median viral load 7,402copies/mL, . Median time off ART was 2.6 months . For CM, participants were stratified into Minimal (71%) and Moderate (29%) tiers; none were identified as Advanced.At baseline (N=55), median age was 34 years , with 92.6% Black and 72.2% cisgender male. Median CD4+ was 338 cells/mmTable\u00a01 reflects tier shifts through 24 weeks.Shifts in CM intensity differs from the HIV adherence self-efficacy PRO completed within 24 weeks, indicating that at least 50% underestimated their need to integrate and maintain adherence to ART treatment. Forty of 55 participants (72.7%) were retained-in-care at 6 months, with VS in 61.8% (N=34/55) by intention-to-treat and 85% (N=34/40) by observed analysis. No resistance to B/F/TAF was detected through 6 months.Note: The table reflects patients retained on study at their week 24 endpoint.VS was high for participants retained-in-care, but lapses in retention and shifts toward more intense CM were likely due to social determinants of health challenges, including incarceration, housing insecurity, and COVID-19-related disruptions in healthcare.Gregory Huhn, MD, MPHTM, Eli Lilly: Advisor/Consultant|Eli Lilly: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Jannsen: Advisor/Consultant|Jannsen: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "HepB-CpG  is a licensed hepatitis B vaccine with a novel adjuvant that requires only 2 doses  compared to a 3-dose  HepB-alum vaccine . Monitoring of safety outcomes following receipt of vaccines with novel adjuvants is important. Hence, as part of an FDA postmarketing commitment, we compared the incidence of new-onset immune-mediated diseases, herpes zoster (HZ), and anaphylaxis among recipients of HepB-CpG versus HepB-alum at Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC).This cohort study included adults not on dialysis who received \u22651 dose of a hepatitis B vaccine from 8/7/2018 to 10/31/2019, during which HepB-CpG was routinely administered in 7 of 15 KPSC medical centers while HepB-alum was administered at the other 8 medical centers. Recipients of HepB-CpG or HepB-alum were followed through electronic health records for 13 months after receipt of the first dose during the vaccine accrual period for occurrence of pre-specified new-onset immune-mediated diseases, HZ, and anaphylaxis identified using diagnosis codes. Incidence rates were compared using Poisson regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting when there was 80% power to detect a relative risk (RR) of 5 for anaphylaxis and a RR of 3 for all other outcomesThere were 31,183 HepB-CpG and 38,442 HepB-alum recipients . Among immune-mediated events that occurred frequently enough for formal comparison, rates among HepB-CpG versus Hep-B-alum recipients were similar except for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) . (Table\u00a01) After adjudication of new-onset RA, the adjusted RR was 0.93 . (Table\u00a02) The adjusted RR for HZ was 1.06 . Anaphylaxis occurred in 0 HepB-CpG and 2 HepB-alum recipients.These data suggest no safety concerns for HepB-CpG compared to HepB-alum for select immune-mediated diseases, HZ, or anaphylaxis in this observational study of over 69,000 recipients of hepatitis B vaccines.Bradley Ackerson, MD, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Glaxosmithkline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Lina S. Sy, MPH, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Glaxosmithkline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support Jeff Slezak, MS, ALK, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Novavax, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Inc.: Grant/Research Support Lei Qian, PhD, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Glaxosmithkline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Kristi Reynolds, PhD, Amgen: Grant/Research Support|Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Novartis: Grant/Research Support Runxin Huang, MS, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support Zendi Solano, BS, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support William Towner, MD, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Sijia Qiu, MS, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support Sarah Simmons, MPH, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Glaxo-Smith Kline: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Steven Jacobsen, MD, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support Katia J. Bruxvoort, PhD, MPH, Dynavax: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Glaxosmithkline: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Seqirus: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "UPMC Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) includes independently functioning AS programs and a central tele antimicrobial stewardship (TASP) (1 ID pharmacist and 1 ID physician) that supports smaller hospitals with few on-site AS resources. We describe implementation of an AS clinical decision support system (CDSS) at 19 UPMC hospitals (12-695 staffed beds). Figure\u00a01 is an example of the CDSS.The CDSS extracts clinical data to provide real-time alerts to AS teams. It also supports asynchronous communications between AS team members, including between a local AS and our TASP. CDSS utilization and intervention data from Oct 21 to Mar 22 are reported. Figure\u00a02 shows hospital locations and the timeline for CDSS implementation. Table\u00a01 shows implementation steps.Table\u00a02 summarizes category alerts provided by the CDSS. Category 1 alerts were independently reviewed by local pharmacists. Category 2 alerts were reviewed either by local pharmacists or central TASP team. Figure\u00a03 shows high CDSS usage over time with numerous unique users and frequent logins. Most users were pharmacists. CDSS usage was steady and increased in the final month included here. Communications between users were frequent and increased 46%. On average, 7033 CDSS generated alerts per month  were reviewed from Oct 21 to Mar22. Table\u00a03 groups the alerts into successful, unsuccessful, or nonactionable interventions. 93% of actionable alerts (959 of 1029 per month) produced a successful outcome.After a rapid 5-month deployment across 19 hospitals this CDSS was successfully adopted as evidenced by sustained monthly use, increasing communications, and a high rate of accepted interventions on actionable alerts. A high rate of nonactionable alerts in the first 6 months was a limitation. Although this did not appear to limit CDSS use, sites implementing a CDSS should monitor for nonactionable alerts during early utilization and adjust as needed. CDSS has the potential to improve efficiency and consistency of AS within a health system. After a successful implementation, evaluation of impact on antimicrobial usage and clinical outcomes are important future metrics.J Ryan Bariola, MD, Infectious Disease Connect: Salary support|Merck: Grant/Research Support Tina Khadem, PharmD, Infectious Disease Connect: Salary support|Merck: Grant/Research Support Caley Yakemowicz, n/a, Infectious Disease Connect: Employee Courtney Simonick, n/a, Infectious Disease Connect: Stocks/Bonds Erin K. McCreary, PharmD, AbbVie: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Summit: Advisor/Consultant Christina Andrzejewski, n/a, Melinta Therapeutics: employee John W. Mellors, MD, Abound Bio: Multiple|Abound Bio: Ownership Interest|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Infectious Disease Connect: Advisor/Consultant|Infectious Disease Connect: Ownership Interest Rima Abdel-Massih, MD, Infectious Disease Connect: Co founder and Chief Medical Officer|Infectious Disease Connect: Ownership Interest."}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) is common - up to 35% of patients may recur. RBX2660 is a microbiota restoration therapy to reduce rCDI. Here we report 8 weeks HRQL results using the Clostridioides difficile Health-related Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (Cdiff32), a disease-specific instrument, from PUNCH CD3 .Recurrence of Cdiff32 includes three domains  and a total score . Changes in Cdiff32 from baseline to week 8 were compared between RBX2660 and placebo (PBO) using unadjusted and adjusted analyses controlling for baseline score, demographic and disease characteristics. Per trial protocol, missing data were imputed via last observation carried forward (LOCF); as-observed data were also analyzed. Patients experiencing recurrence after blinded treatment received open-label RBX2660 per physician discretion; these participants were excluded unless, per LOCF, data were available from the blinded period for week 8 use.A total of 206 patients  were included, with similar age (mean\u00b1SD) 61.1\u00b116.9 yrs (RBX2660) and 57.3\u00b116.4 yrs (PBO) and baseline Cdiff32 scores. More than half of the patients had multiple comorbidities. Cdiff32 scores improved significantly from baseline to weeks 1, 4, and 8 for both arms, with greater improvements for RBX2660 through week 8 . At week 8, statistical differences were found for mental domain  and total score , all favoring RBX2660. Results were similar for the as-observed analyses, with the adjusted physical domain also statistically favoring RBX2660.Most patients in this study reported improved HRQL. Improvements were observed in both arms, but RBX2660-treated patients had more robust and sustained improvements with statistically significant differences in Cdiff32 scores. This study suggests that microbiome restoration therapy might positively affect HRQL; future research may link these improvements directly with microbiota changes.Paul Feuerstadt, MD, FACG, AGAF, Ferring/Rebiotix Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring/Rebiotix Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Merck and Co: Advisor/Consultant|SERES Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|SERES Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Erik R. Dubberke, MD, MSPH, Abbott: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Seres: Advisor/Consultant|Summit: Advisor/Consultant|Synthetic Biologics: Grant/Research Support Amy Guo, PhD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Employee Adam Harvey, PhD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Employment Min Yang, MD, PhD, Analysis Group, Inc.: I am an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which has received consulting fees from Ferring for the conduct of this study. Viviana Garc\u00eda-Horton, PhD, Analysis Group, Inc.: Employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which received consulting fees from Ferring for the conduct of this study. Mirko Fillbrunn, PhD, Analysis Group, Inc.: I am an employee of Analysis Group, Inc., which has received consulting fees from Ferring for the conduct of this study. Glenn S. Tillotson, PhD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Spero Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Taro Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Lindy Bancke, PharmD, Rebiotix, a Ferring Company: Employee Kevin W. Garey, PharmD, MS, Acurx: Grant/Research Support|cidara: Advisor/Consultant|cidara: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Grant/Research Support|Seres Health: Grant/Research Support|Summit: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "The incidence of complications in Gram negative bloodstream infection (GN-BSI) is not clearly defined. This retrospective cohort study evaluates the incidence of complications within 90 days of GN-BSI and examines the predictors for these complications.Hospitalized adult patients with monomicrobial GN-BSI at Prisma Health-Midlands hospitals in South Carolina between 1/1/2012 and 6/30/2015 were evaluated. Complications of GN-BSI were defined as endocarditis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, spinal infections, deep seated abscesses, and recurrent GN-BSI within 90 days of the initial episode. Clinical and microbiological variables were assessed as potential risk factors for complications, including initial response to antimicrobial therapy within the first 72-96 hours of GN-BSI using the early clinical failure criteria. Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression were used to examine the incidence and risk factors of complicated GN-BSI, respectively.Escherichia coli was the most common bacteria . Overall, 13.9% developed complications within 90 days of GN-BSI. The median time to identification of these complications was 5.2 days from the index GN-BSI (interquartile range 1-28 days). The incidence of complications was notably higher in BSI due to Serratia species (39.7%), Proteus mirabilis (35.7%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.5%) than other bacteria . Independent risk factors for complications included early clinical failure criteria, non-urinary source, presence of indwelling prosthetic devices, BSI due to Serratia species, P. mirabilis or P. aeruginosa, and persistent GN-BSI (Table).A total 752 patients with GN-BSI were included in the study. The median age was 66 years and 380 (50.6%) were women. The urinary tract was the most common source of GN-BSI  and At least 13.9% of patients developed complications within 90 days of GN-BSI. Risk of development of complications may be predicted by specific host and microbiological factors. Stratification of patients based on these risk factors may aid in identifying patients requiring further diagnostic work up for early detection of complications.Julie Ann Justo, PharmD, MS, FIDSA, BCPS-AQ ID, bioMerieux: Honoraria|bioMerieux: Honoraria|Entasis Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Merck & Co: Advisor/Consultant|Merck & Co: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Therapeutics: Honoraria|Spero Therapeutics: Honoraria|Vaxart: Stocks/Bonds Julie Ann Justo, PharmD, MS, FIDSA, BCPS-AQ ID, bioMerieux: Honoraria|bioMerieux: Honoraria|Entasis Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Merck & Co: Advisor/Consultant|Merck & Co: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Therapeutics: Honoraria|Spero Therapeutics: Honoraria|Vaxart: Stocks/Bonds P. Brandon Bookstaver, PharmD, Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "Pill burden associated with antiretroviral multiple-tablet regimens (MTR) can impact adherence. The shift to single-tablet regimens (STR) has lagged for people living with HIV (PLWH) covered by Medicaid. This study examines persistence, adherence, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and costs by STR or MTR use for new initiators and treatment-experienced PLWH over a 1-year study period.A linked patient population was applied using data from IQVIA\u2019s Prescription Claims (Rx), Professional Fee Claims (Dx), and Hospital Charge Data Master (CDM). A 6-month pre-index period was used to assess study eligibility and baseline characteristics. A 12-month post-index period was used to descriptively evaluate treatment patterns and HCRU/costs. Two mutually exclusive cohorts were created based on STR or MTR use during the selection window (01/2018-07/2019). For the STR cohort, date of the first STR claim during the selection window was termed the index date. For the MTR cohort, the date of the first MTR drug during the selection window was termed the index date.The final sample comprised 4,603 PLWH in the STR cohort and 2,728 in the MTR cohort (Table\u00a01). The proportion persistent over the 1-year follow-up was higher among treatment experienced compared to new initiators, and higher for STR compared to MTR . The proportion adherent was higher among treatment experienced compared to new initiators, and higher for STR compared to MTR . HIV-specific per member per month (PMPM) pharmacy costs were higher among treatment experienced compared to new initiators, and higher for MTR compared to STR . Adherent PLWH had a lower proportion with \u2265 1 all-cause emergency room visit compared to non-adherent PLWH within a cohort/treatment status category; minimal differences in \u2265 1 all-cause hospitalization. Adherent PLWH had higher mean all-cause costs than non-adherent PLWH, driven by pharmacy costs. STR PLWH had lower mean all-cause total costs compared to MTR PLWH with the same adherence/treatment experience status .PLWH enrolled in Medicaid are more persistent and adherent to STR than MTR. Among PLWH adherent to antiretroviral therapy, STR offer potential cost savings over MTR for appropriate patients.Andrew P. Brogan, PhD, ViiV Healthcare: Employee, Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Cindy Garris, MS, ViiV Healthcare: Employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Julie Priest, MSPH, ViiV Healthcare: Employee, Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Victoria Divino, BA, IQVIA: Employee, Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Jing He, PhD, IQVIA: Employee, Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Justin Chen, MHS, IQVIA: Employee, Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support Mitch DeKoven, MHSA, IQVIA: Employee, Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "The best stategy for prevention of invasive aspergillosis (IA) after lung transplantation (LTX) has not been determined. In 2016, Danish guidelines for IA prophylaxis was changed from 12 weeks of universal prophylaxis with voriconazole to targeted prophylaxis with posaconazole and inhaled amphotericin B for high risk patients. In a previous study we found significantly higher rates of adverse events in the period with universal prophylaxis. The objectives of this study were to compare rates of IA 1) in time periods before and after change of guidelines; 2) during persontime on vs. persontime without antifungal prophylaxis in the total study period.In a Danish nationwide study we included all adult lung transplant recipients (LTXr), 2010\u20132019. Proven and probable IA were defined using ISHLT criteria. Patients were censored at the first of following events: death, retransplantation, end of 2019, or one year after LTX. The cumulative hazard of IA was calculated using the Nelson Aalen estimator. Rates of IA were analyzed in bi- and multivariate Poisson regression models adjusted for the time period after LTX (0\u20136 and 6\u201312 months). Persontime on protocol prophylaxis (start to end + 14 days) was treated as time-updated variable.A total of 295 LTXr were followed for 245 person-years, of whom 183/193 vs. 6/102 initiated antifungal prophylaxis during the universal vs. the targeted prophylaxis period (Table\u00a01). IA was diagnosed in 34/193 (17.6%) vs. 15/102 (14.7%) LTXr the first year after transplantation in the universal vs. targeted prophylaxis period. Overall, similar cumulative hazards of IA were observed between the universal and targeted prophylaxis period . The adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) of IA during the universal vs. targeted prophylaxis period was 1.30 (95% CI 0.69\u20132.44), (Table\u00a02). In the total study period, the aIRR of IA during persontime on vs. persontime without antifungal prophylaxis was 0.87 (95% CI 0.40\u20131.88), (Table\u00a02).Characteristics of lung transplant recipients in time periods with universal voriconazole and targeted posaconazole and inhaled amphotericin B prophylaxis.Proven and probable invasive aspergillosis including anastomosis infection, trakeobronkitis and pneumonia according to ISHLT criteria. *) Underlying diseases categorized as high risk of invasive aspergillosis.Incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) of invasive aspergillosis in lung transplant recipients in two multivariate models.Poisson regression models comparing rates of IA in model 1) during universal prophylaxis time period versus targeted prophylaxis time period and in model 2) during persontime on prophylaxis (start to end + 14 days) versus persontime without prophylaxis in the total study period 2010\u20132019.Adjusted for time after LTX IRR: Bivariable model including the listed variables in bold and adjustment for time after transplantation (time-updated). Fully adjusted IRR: Multivariable model with adjustment for sex, age, high risk underlying disease, single/double lung transplant, Aspergillus prior to transplantation and time after transplantation (time-updated).Abbreviations: LTX = lung transplant recipients; CI = confidence interval; IR = incidence rates per 100 person-years; IRR = incidence rate ratio; Ref. = reference.Cumulative hazards of invasive aspergillosis the first year after lung transplantation in time periods with universal voriconazole versus targeted posaconazole and inhaled amphotericin B prophylaxis.A strategy of targeted prophylaxis, for high risk patients only, may be preferred over universal voriconazole prophylaxis after LTX due to similar rates of IA and lower rates of adverse events.Maiken C. Arendrup, DMSci, PhD, MD, Chiesi, Gilead: Honoraria|F2G, Cidara, Scynexis: Grant/Research Support Michael Perch, MD, Boeringer-Ingelheim: Travel grant|PulmonX: Expert Testimony|Roche: Grant/Research Support|Takeda: Expert Testimony|Therakos: Honoraria|Zambon: Advisor/Consultant|Zambon: Expert Testimony Marie Helleberg, PhD, DMSc, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Honoraria|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Sobi: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "A. baumannii.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of bacteria can be found in chromosomes or plasmids. Due to horizontal transfer from one bacterium to another, AMR genes on plasmids can be easily spread. However, distinguishing whether AMR genes are from plasmids or chromosomes is difficult. Here, we assessed two different approaches for identifying AMR genes on the plasmids of Genomic DNA from 30 clinical isolates was sequenced using Illumina NextSeq 550. Two approaches were applied to identify which AMR genes were on plasmids: isolation of plasmid DNA experimentally using plasmid isolation kit , and deduction of plasmid sequence from genomic DNA using the bioinformatic tool, plasmidSPAdes, which distinguishes the plasmid sequence based on the copy number. AMR genes from both approaches were identified using the open-source AMR database, ResFinder. The AMR gene data obtained from plasmids utilizing each approach were compared based on information from whole genome sequencing (WGS) data.blaOXA-23, a carbapenem resistant gene. However, blaOXA-23 was found from 40% isolates using plasmidSpades and 50% isolates using plasmid DNA. In 36.7% isolates, blaOXA-23 was found by both approaches.As shown in Table\u00a01, both approaches produced differences in the number of contigs, largest contig size, and number of AMR genes identified. The average number of contigs using plasmidSPAdes with WGS data was 7.4 and the largest contig size was 52939 base pairs, while with isolated plasmid DNA and analyzed by SPAdes was 1025 and 32274 bp, respectively. Plasmid DNA contigs are more fragmented. The average number of AMR genes identified using plasmidSPAdes was 1.2 and using plasmid DNA was 4. AMR information from WGS data showed 73.3% isolates have bla OXA-23 identified in both could be on plasmids, while genes not identified from both could be on chromosomes. PlasmidSPAdes was a useful tool to discriminate plasmid sequence from WGS data. Stringent infection control measures can prevent spread of AMR gene containing plasmids in hospital settings.The information obtained by the two approaches for identifying resistance genes on plasmids mostly agreed with some exceptions. The Chetan Jinadatha, MD, MPH, AHRQ R01 Grant-5R01HS025598: Grant/Research Support|EOS Surfaces: Copper Coupons and materials for testing Keith S. Kaye, MD, MPH, Allecra: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline plc.: Receiving symposia honoraria|GlaxoSmithKline plc.: GlaxoSmithKline plc.-sponsored study 212502|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|qpex: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Spero: Advisor/Consultant Piyali Chatterjee, PhD, AHRQ Grant # 1R03HS027667-01: Grant/Research Support|AHRQ Grant # 1R03HS027667-01: Central Texas Veterans Health Care System."}
{"text": "We aimed to describe website engagement and maintenance during the dynamic pandemic period.Antibiotic Stewardship Programs (ASPs) assist front-line clinicians in synthesizing emerging data and establishing best practices. Our ASP team directly maintained and edited an internal web application, Duke CustomID\u00ae during a 1-year pre-pandemic period through the Omicron surge: January 2019 to March 2022. We measured total page views (or \u201chits\u201d), COVID-specific page hits, and days requiring COVID-specific page edits by week. Given fluctuations in hospitalization rates, we defined the primary outcome as the rate of hits divided by total hospitalizations. Weekly data were assessed graphically with positive COVID tests and COVID hospitalizations. We used negative binomial regression to quantify the association between COVID hospitalizations and hit rates and to trend engagement over time, adjusted for seasonality. We stratified data by COVID page and calculated a hit/edit ratio.We performed a descriptive, time-series analysis using Google Analytics software to measure engagement with Duke CustomIDFigure). Hits in the pre-pandemic period were median 1707 (range 1165-2354) per week, and hit rates median 1.95 per hospitalization (range 1.40-2.86). Peaks were observed in March 2020 (hit rate 4.59) and January 2022 (hit rate 3.87). On average, for every 100 COVID hospitalizations, the hit rate increased by 0.08 . Engagement slowly increased over the study period . COVID page edits per week had a median of 2 (range 0-12). Adult Inpatient Guidelines and COVID Monoclonal Antibody pages had highest use (Table).Engagement with CustomID\u00ae increased during the pandemic period, especially during surges (Duke CustomID Hits and Maintenance Efforts over the PandemicTop: COVID-specific CustomID hits per week (Green), Positive COVID tests per week (Blue) over timeMiddle: Total custom ID page hits relative to total hospitalizations per week , COVID hospitalizations (Red)Bottom: Number of edits to COVID-specific CustomID pages per week, stratified by management pages and drug pagesSeveral dates of significance are highlighted including the Emergency Use Authorizations (EUA) for remdesivir, the COVID Vaccines, and PaxlovidDuke CustomID COVID-19 Page Hits and EditsCOVID specific pages on Duke CustomID with total hits, edits, and ratio over the pandemicOur ASP\u2019s website was a highly utilized, practical tool for disseminating practice-changing information during the pandemic. Use increased over time and especially during surges. An electronic reference customized for local practice and rapidly updated by ASPs offers critical support for front-line clinicians.Martha B. Adams, M.D., Custom Clinical Decision Support, Inc: Board Member|Custom Clinical Decision Support, Inc: Ownership Interest Richard H. Drew, PharmD MS, American College of Clinical Pharmacists: Publication royalties|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|UpToDate: publication royalties Rebekah W. Moehring, MD, MPH, FIDSA, FSHEA, UpToDate, Inc.: Author Royalties Michael J. Smith, M.D., M.S.C.E, Merck: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Sexual dysfunction is common in eating disorders (EDs), but its relevance is often overlooked.To describe different ED clinical subgroups in terms of psychopathology, putative biological correlates, and consequences of dysregulated sexuality, focusing on the role of childhood trauma.Healthy controls (n=60), binge-purging (n=38), and restricting patients (n=24) were compared , using total scores of Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), Emotional Eating Scale (EES), SCL-90-R Global Severity Index (GSI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Female Sexual Functioning Index (FSFI), Hypersexual Behaviour Inventory (HBI), and patients\u2019 hormonal profiles . Self-reported voluntary termination of pregnancy (VTP) and promiscuous sexual activity were recorded. For ED patients (N=62), regression analyses between significant variables and HBI were carried, applying moderation models for different CTQ scores.Table 1 outlines significant between-group comparisons . Binge-purging patients had higher FSH, LH, and ghrelin levels, more VTPs and promiscuity. HBI showed significant correlations with EES, SCL-90-R-GSI, DERS, CTQ, and ghrelin levels. CTQ moderated interactions for DERS and EES .Dysregulated sexuality is linked to emotion dysregulation and childhood trauma. Binge-purging patients experience adverse behavioural consequences.No significant relationships."}
{"text": "Psychodinae of the Afrotropical Region remain poorly understood. Slightly under 200 species have been described, but many countries have received very little attention from collectors and even countries where significant collection efforts have taken place have rarely had their collections studied in detail by specialist taxonomists.The Perithreticusneglectus sp. n. is described from the West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania, based on a male specimen collected in 1990. The new species is similar to Perithreticusanderseni Kvifte, 2015, which occurs in the same forest reserve, but can be separated by several genitalic characters, including the hypandrium well-developed with sclerotised anterior and posterior margins, gonocoxites narrower, the gonostyles with the slender apex shorter, the parameres shorter without pronounced basolateral projections and the surstylus with slightly fewer tenacula. The world fauna of Perithreticus now comprises five described species, of which two occur in the Afrotropical Region. Psychodidae material, collected by the University of Bergen's Tanzania expeditions in the early 1990s . The genus was later revised and redefined by Psychodajonesi Quate, 1955 from the genus, described a new Afrotropical species and speculated that Philosepedonforcipata Quate & Quate, 1967 and Philosepedonpectinata Quate & Quate, 1967 from Indonesia (Papua) might also belong to Perithreticus. Finally, Perithreticus species from Cuba and Costa Rica and presented the most recent diagnosis of the genus.The genus Perithreticus from the West Usambara Mountains, which is also the second species of Perithreticus to be described from the Afrotropical Region.In the present paper, I describe a second species of The specimen was dissected, macerated in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and mounted in Canada balsam on a slide. Illustrations and measurements were made using a Leitz Diaplan 20 compound microscope with a drawing tube and an ocular micrometer. Measurements are given in \u03bcm with an accuracy of 2.5 \u03bcm, except wings which are given in mm with an accuracy of 25 \u03bcm. Morphological terminology follows Kvifte, 2022sp. n.E57E4E34-C603-54C0-A95C-376F23B4106E0C6FEF11-AC20-413F-9167-A16A38322558Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: B-10800.; Taxon: scientificName: Perithreticusneglectus Kvifte, 2022; order: Diptera; family: Psychodidae; genus: Perithreticus; specificEpithet: neglectus; Location: continent: Africa; country: Tanzania; stateProvince: Tanga; locality: Mazumbai forest reserve; verbatimLocality: Tanzania: Tanga Region, W. Usambara Mts., Mazumbai, Loc. B; decimalLatitude: -4.800; decimalLongitude: 38.500; geodeticDatum: WGS8; Identification: identifiedBy: Kvifte, Gunnar Mikalsen; Event: samplingProtocol: Malaise trap; year: 1990; month: 11; day: 3; verbatimEventDate: 03/11/1990; fieldNumber: B; Record Level: institutionCode: ZMUBAdult male (n=1). Head (Fig. Thorax with anepisternum with trapezoid hair patch, anterior spiracle with prolonged U-shaped posterior suture delimiting it from anepisternal hair patch; anepimeron triangular with sinusoid lower margin, ventral suture of anepimeron reaching about halfway into sclerite; posterior spiracle with operculum evenly setose; mid-coxa with anteromesal field of setae; Wing (Fig. 1 infuscate; hyaline field below R1 reaching level of medial fork; radial fork clearly distad of medial fork and around same level as CuA; outlines of R5 and M4 more strongly sclerotised than other veins; origin of R5 with dark spot; jugum broadly angular U-shaped.t male n=. Head (Ft male n=. Head (Ft male n=. Head (FTerminalia (Fig. th, gonocoxal condyles with triangular plate laterally and narrow strip-like plate medially; gonostyli bluntly acuminate, covered in spiniform sensilla, with subapical trichiform sensilla nearly the length of broad gonostylar base; aedeagus with basiphallus short, about a third of length of distiphallus, divided into two phallomeres that fuse after a drop-shaped basal aperture, forming long parallel-sided rod-like distiphallus; parameres elongate curved subtriangular with lateral margins concave and mesal margins convex, blunt apically, basally with small pointed lateral processes; aedeagus reaching further than parameres; epandrium (Fig. lia Fig. D, E symmium Fig. E wider tCan be recognised by the following combination of characters: radial fork distad of medial fork, hypandrium with large unsclerotised area medially, aedeagus parallel-sided with triangular parameres shorter than aedeagus, parameres with triangular basolateral expansions poorly developed, surstylus with 6 tenacula, gonostyle with subapical trichiform sensilla (see also key in neglectus, \"overlooked\", \"neglected\", referring to the specimen not being included in the initial revision of Afrotropical Psychodini by From Latin Only known from the type locality in the Mazumbai Forest Reserve, West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania."}
{"text": "Xanthorhoeedmondsii  , originally described under Hypochroma Guen\u00e9e, [1858], a junior homonym of Hypochroma Herrich-Sch\u00e4ffer, [1855] , is assessed using genitalia morphology and analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences.The generic assignment of the geometrid moth Disclisioprocta Wallengren, 1861 (Larentiinae). In agreement with morphology, the molecular analysis clustered X.edmondsii with species of Disclisioprocta in a well-supported monophyletic group distantly related to members of Xanthorhoe H\u00fcbner, [1825]. Accordingly, Disclisioproctaedmondsii  comb. nov. is proposed.Morphological characters revealed closeness to the type species of  Lepidoptera, Geometridae), whose taxonomy remains insufficiently studied   is known from Chile and Argentina  (Bougainvilleaglabra Choisy (Nyctaginaceae) were misidentified as Chrismopteryxundularia , based on comparison with material from central Chile deposited in the Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Santiago (X.edmondsii.The geometrid moth rgentina . It was nominae) . IndividSantiago . SubsequX.edmondsii revealed remarkable morphological differences with Xanthorhoemontanata , the type species of Xanthorhoe H\u00fcbner, [1825], suggesting instead closeness with Disclisioproctastellata , the type species of Disclisioprocta Wallengren, 1861. The aim of this study is to propose a new generic assignment for X.edmondsii, based on genitalia morphology and analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences.Morphological characters of the genitalia of geometrid moths are extremely useful in generic assignments , which cB.glabra in the Azapa Valley , Arica Province, northern Chile. Photos of the genitalia were taken with a Leica Flexacam C1 digital camera attached to a Leica M125 stereomicroscope. Each image was constructed with about 5\u201310 photos assembled with the software Helicon Focus 8. The specimens of X.edmondsii are deposited in the \u201cColecci\u00f3n Entomol\u00f3gica de la Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1\u201d (IDEA), Arica, Chile. The specimens of D.stellata are deposited in the \u201cCole\u00e7\u00e3o Pe. Jesus de Santiago Moure (DZUP)\u201d, Universidade Federal do Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1, Brazil.Specimens examined in this study were collected at light or reared from larvae collected on Lepidoptera, including Geometridae (X.edmondsii was submitted to a Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis with additional representatives of Larentiinae downloaded from BOLD  comb. nov.7F01F488-1D65-5433-9EE2-75152F1D8F2CHypochromaedmondsii Butler, 1882, p. 364. Xanthorhoeedmondsii : Chrismopteryxundularia : Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 5; occurrenceID: 99F2E982-FCB8-5FF0-B368-3F12C8EFF0A6; Taxon: scientificName: Disclisioproctaedmondsii ; higherClassification: Insecta;Lepidoptera;Geometridae;Larentiinae; Location: continent: South America; country: Chile; stateProvince: Arica; locality: Azapa Valley; decimalLatitude: -18.52; decimalLongitude: -70.18; Identification: identifiedBy: H\u00e9ctor A. Vargas; identificationRemarks: Genitalia slides HAV-1281, 1284, 1286, 1583, 1584; Event: samplingProtocol: Bougainvilleaglabra January 2006Two males, three females emerged February 2006, reared fom larvae collected on ; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; language: en; institutionCode: \"Colecci\u00f3n Entomol\u00f3gica de la Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1\" (IDEA); basisOfRecord: \"PreservedSpecimen\"Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 3; occurrenceID: 591A91A6-F832-5EFC-85C4-F03775D0D824; Taxon: scientificName: Disclisioproctaedmondsii ; higherClassification: Insecta;Lepidoptera;Geometridae;Larentiinae; Location: continent: South America; country: Chile; stateProvince: Arica; locality: Azapa Valley; decimalLatitude: -18.52; decimalLongitude: -70.18; Identification: identifiedBy: H\u00e9ctor A. Vargas; identificationRemarks: Genitalia slides HAV-1283, 1285, 1287; Event: samplingProtocol: Two males, one female September 2006 at light; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; language: en; institutionCode: \"Colecci\u00f3n Entomol\u00f3gica de la Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1\" (IDEA); basisOfRecord: \"PreservedSpecimen\"Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; associatedSequences: BOLD Process ID GEONC001-22; occurrenceID: 6C800146-205F-5AA7-85A5-4470D74FCA88; Taxon: scientificName: Disclisioproctaedmondsii ; higherClassification: Insecta;Lepidoptera;Geometridae;Larentiinae; Location: continent: South America; country: Chile; stateProvince: Arica; locality: Azapa Valley; decimalLatitude: -18.52; decimalLongitude: -70.18; Identification: identifiedBy: H\u00e9ctor A. Vargas; identificationRemarks: Genitalia slide HAV-1580; Event: samplingProtocol: One male May 2022 at light; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; language: en; institutionCode: \"Colecci\u00f3n Entomol\u00f3gica de la Universidad de Tarapac\u00e1\" (IDEA); basisOfRecord: \"PreservedSpecimen\"Larentiinae  was 10.3\u201310.5% (K2P) with D.natalata and 11.0\u201311.5% with D.stellata, while the distance between the latter two was 6.2\u20137.1%. The alignment was suitable for phylogenetic analysis, as no evidence of stop codons was detected and the index of substitution saturation was smaller than the critical value  in the Xia test. The ML analysis ) with high support. Although each genus had reasonable statistical support in the ML analysis, relationships between genera were not resolved.Genetic distance of sis Fig.  clustereDisclisioprocta deserves further assessments based on better knowledge of the morphology of related genera, the morphological similarities between the genitalia of D.edmondsii (Fig. D.stellata (Fig. D.edmondsii from Xanthorhoe. The type species of this genus has an elongated rod-like uncus, costa as a sclerotised free arm extending beyond the cucullus apex, sacculus lacking a projection and numerous spine-like cornuti in the male and a short antrum and two elongated plate-like signa with small spines in the female (Although the identification of synapomorphies for sii Fig.  and D.stata Fig.  provide e female .D.edmondsii clustered with two other representatives of Disclisioprocta in a well-supported clade, distantly related to members of Xanthorhoe (Fig. D.stellata and D.natalata as sister species agrees with the already highlighted remarkable morphological similarity of their genitalia (D.edmondsii with D.natalata and D.stellata seem higher than commonly reported for other Larentiinae genera (Disclisioprocta harbours several more species than the three recognised until recently (Disclisioprocta, the genetic distance of D.edmondsii to other congenerics would be smaller. Alternatively, further studies could reveal D.edmondsii as a member of another, either described or undescribed, lineage of generic level, sister to Disclisioprocta. In the meantime, its placement in this genus seems a better solution than its previous adscription to Xanthorhoe, in spite the deep genetic distance with congenerics.The result of the ML analysis is congruent with the genitalia morphology, since hoe Fig. . The groenitalia . The gene genera . Howevere genera  suggest recently . AccordiDisclisioprocta with the Neotropical Ptychorrhoe Warren, 1900 in a clade sister to Euphyiini (Ptychorrhoe remain unknown, impeding comparisons with D.edmondsii. Further morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies involving members of the Euphyiini + Xanthorhoini complex (Larentiinae.Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses clustered uphyiini . Unfortu complex  are enco"}
{"text": "Lenacapavir (LEN), a potent first-in-class inhibitor of HIV-1 capsid function, is in development as a long-acting agent for treatment and prevention of HIV-1.CAPELLA is an ongoing, phase 2/3 study in heavily treatment-experienced (HTE) people with HIV-1 (PWH) with multidrug-resistance. 36 participants were randomized (2:1) to add oral LEN or placebo to their failing regimen. At D15, those on oral LEN received subcutaneous (SC) LEN 927 mg (Q6M); those on placebo started the oral LEN lead-in, followed by SC Q6M. All randomized participants initiated an investigator-selected, optimized background regimen (OBR) at D15. An additional 36 participants started OBR concurrent with LEN  in a non-randomized cohort. We report the Week (W) 52 efficacy and safety results from both cohorts.st and 2nd SC doses, respectively). Most ISRs were mild or moderate. The most common AEs (excluding injection site reactions) were nausea and diarrhea (14% each).Of 72 participants enrolled, 25% were female, 38% Black, median age 52 years, 64% had CD4 < 200 cells/\u00b5L, 46% had HIV-1 resistant to all 4 major classes , and 53% had OBR with 1 or no fully active agents. At W52, 78% (56/72) achieved VL< 50 c/mL and 82% (59/72) achieved VL< 200 c/mL via FDA Snapshot algorithm. CD4 count increased by a median 84 cells/\u00b5L (Q1 to Q3: 21 to 153) and the proportion of participants with CD4 count \u2265200 cells/ul increased from 36% at baseline to 68% at W52. Ten participants had emergent LEN resistance (8 previously reported); 4 of 10 subsequently suppressed. The median (range) duration of follow up on LEN was 71 (13\u2013111) weeks. One participant discontinued due to injection site nodule (Grade 1). The most common injection site reaction (ISR) was swelling (28% [20/72] and 17% [12/70] after the 1In HTE PWH, subcutaneous LEN was well tolerated and in combination with OBR led to high and sustained rate of virologic suppression at W52. These results support the potential role for LEN for treatment of multi-drug resistant HIV-1 infection.Sorana Segal-Maurer, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Honoraria|JANSSEN THERAPEUTICS: Honoraria|ViiV: Honoraria Benoit Trottier, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Honoraria|ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Honoraria Jason Brunetta, M.D., Gilead Canada: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Canada: Honoraria|Gilead Canada: Conference Attendance Sponsorship|Viiv Canada: Advisor/Consultant Hui Wang, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employment|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Nicolas A. Margot, MA, Gilead Sciences: Employment|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Hadas Dvory-Sobol, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employment|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Martin S Rhee, MD, Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Jared Baeten, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Jean-Michel Molina, MD; PhD, GIlead: Board Member|GIlead: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Board Member|Merck: Expert Testimony|ViiV: Board Member."}
{"text": "We tested the association of lipid metabolites with ankle-brachial index (ABI) in the LLFS. Minimum ABI from doppler was used. Participants underwent phlebotomy after >8 hours fasting. Plasma metabolites were isolated via solid phase extraction. Lipid metabolites (N=193) were measured using RPLC-MS and corrected for batch effects in 948 participants. We used linear mixed models adjusted for age, sex, site, fasting, and relatedness. Twenty metabolites were associated with ABI (FDR P<0.05), of which 17/20 were triacyclglycerol (TAG) species, plus cholesterol ester (22:6), phosphatidylcholine (35:7), and phosphatidylethanolamine (38:7). After additional adjustment for traditional ABI risk factors, only two TAGs  were significantly associated after multiple testing correction. While not significant in the base model, the metabolite lysophosphatidylcholine (18:3) demonstrated a marginally significant protective association after full adjustment (P=0.014). While triglycerides are known correlates of atherosclerotic deposition, these findings may identify novel metabolic correlates of peripheral vascular health in long-lived individuals."}
{"text": "Severe COVID-19 infection is characterized by a dysregulated hyperinflammatory state that contributes to morbidity and mortality. Immunomodulatory therapy has been shown to improve outcomes. We investigated if abatacept, CTLA-4-Ig, a selective costimulation modulator, provides additional benefit when added to standard of care.We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating abatacept  compared to standard of care (including remdesivir and dexamethasone) in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. The primary outcome was median time to recovery by day 29. Key secondary endpoints included 28-day mortality.A total of 1019 patients received an infusion (509 assigned to abatacept and 510 to placebo), constituting the analyzed modified intention-to-treat cohort. The mean age 54.9 years (SD 14.65), 60.5% were male, 44.2% Hispanic or Latino and 13.7% black. Patients were evenly matched in terms of severity of illness, and comorbidities. Participants randomized to abatacept did not show a statistically significant difference in the primary endpoint with a recovery rate ratio of 1.135  compared to placebo. The median (IQR) time to recovery was 9 days  for both groups. The 28-day mortality in the abatacept arm was 11.0% and in control arm 15.0% ), with a 37.8% lower odds of dying in patients receiving abatacept. The improvement in mortality was demonstrated for patients requiring low or high flow O2 at baseline but was not seen in patients who required mechanical ventilation or ECMO at time of randomization. Subgroup analysis identified the strongest effect in those with baseline CRP >75mg/L, age >65 and diabetics. Safety data demonstrated slightly lower risk of adverse events. Rates of secondary infections were similar (abatacept 16.1% and placebo 14.3%).Although single-dose IV abatacept did not demonstrate statistically significant improvement in time to recovery, it did show a substantial reduction in 28-day mortality compared to standard of care.Reynold Panettieri, Jr., MD, AstraZeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Grant/Research Support|AstraZeneca: Honoraria|Equillium: Grant/Research Support|Genentech: Advisor/Consultant|Genentech: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|MedImmune: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria|Novartis: Grant/Research Support|Origo: Grant/Research Support|RIFM: Advisor/Consultant|RIFM: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi: Honoraria|Vault Health: Grant/Research Support Jane A. O'Halloran, MD PhD, Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC: Grant/Research Support Michael A. Maldonado, MD, Bristol Myers Squibb: Employee|Bristol Myers Squibb: Stocks/Bonds William G. Powderly, MD, Merck: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "Data are currently limited on the performance of SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels as predictors or surrogate markers for clinical outcomes in outpatients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19.This exploratory analysis used data from 2205 non-hospitalized adults who enrolled between August 2020 and July 2021 and participated in placebo-controlled evaluations of two monoclonal antibody (mAb) agents (bamlanivimab [n=317] or amubarvimab/romlusevimab [n=837]), and an open-label cohort of bamlanivimab recipients [n=1051] as part of the ACTIV-2/A5401 platform trial. SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels were measured in anterior nasal (AN) swabs and plasma at day 0 (pre-treatment) and AN at day 3. We fit regression models to estimate the association between RNA level or detection and subsequent hospitalization/death within 28 days of enrollment.10 copies/mL [cp/mL]) and mAb (2.3 vs 4.9) groups. For placebo recipients, higher Day 0 AN RNA was associated with an increasing risk of hospitalization/death, ranging from 3% to 16% for < 2 and \u2265 6 log10 cp/mL, respectively. Although only 1% had quantifiable plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA, there was a similar trend for day 0 plasma RNA: 5% hospitalizations/death for undetectable RNA, 16% for detectable but not quantifiable RNA, and 80% for \u2265 2 log10 cp/mL. Among 485 placebo recipients with days 0 and 3 AN RNA results, the risk of subsequent hospitalization/death was highest among those with \u2265 5.0 log10 cp/mL at both days  and lowest for those with unquantifiable levels at both days . Higher AN RNA at day 3 (adjusted for day 0 RNA) was associated with subsequent hospitalization/death among placebo recipients (relative risk (RR): 1.4 per log10 cp/mL; 95%CI: 1.0, 2.1), but not mAb recipients .One-hundred four participants (53/571 [9%] on placebo and 51/1634 [3%] on mAb) died or were hospitalized through day 28. Median AN RNA levels were lower at day 3 compared to day 0 in both placebo |Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Ridgeback Biopharmaceuticals: Research funding provided to the University of North Carolina|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Syneos: Adjudication committee (Influenza) Paul Klekotka, MD, PhD, Eli Lilly: Employee|Eli Lilly: Stocks/Bonds David A. Margolis, MD MPH, Brii Biosciences: Stocks/Bonds David A. Wohl, M.D., Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Lilly: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Eric S. Daar, M.D., Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Davey M. Smith, M.D., M.A.S., Arena Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Bayer Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Brio Clinical.: Advisor/Consultant|Fluxergy: Advisor/Consultant|Kiadis: Advisor/Consultant|Linear Therapies: Advisor/Consultant|Matrix BioMed: Advisor/Consultant|Model Medicines: Advisor/Consultant|Signant Health: Advisor/Consultant|VxBiosciences: Advisor/Consultant Judith S. Currier, M.D., MSc, Merck: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "Staphylococcus argenteus (SAR) is a novel species within the S. aureus (SAU) complex. SAR has been misidentified as SAU but has been increasingly reported worldwide as a pathogen. This study evaluated the prevalence of SAR causing bloodstream infection (BSI) in US centers, and the phenotypic, genotypic, and clinical outcomes associated with SAR BSI.785 SAU (326/459 MRSA/MSSA) from blood cultures (BC) of patients in 31 sites located in all 9 US Census Divisions during the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program for 2019 were included. Isolates were screened for SAR by multiplex PCR. Isolates were subjected to MALDI-TOF and susceptibility (S) testing using the CLSI method. Isolates were subjected to genome sequencing, followed by DNA analysis.S. schweitzeri. SAR (ST2198) from patient 1 was S to all agents tested, as were the other 2 strains (ST2250 and ST1223), except for oxacillin. The latter 2 strains carried SCCmec type IV(2B) and a dfrG was also detected in the ST2250 lineage strain. All 3 strains carried multiple virulence genes.0.4% (3/785) SAR were detected and originated from Milwaukee , Houston , and Seattle . Patient 1 had a SAR recovered from BC 10 days after admission, but additional clinical information was not available. Patient 2 had end-stage renal disease and was admitted due to MRSA bacteremia/endocarditis, along with septic embolism in the lungs and brain. SAR grew from BC on day 4 and vancomycin was prescribed; the patient died on day 24. Patient 3 presented fever and chills in the 24 hours pre-admission, with a medical history significant for catheter-associated BSI. SAR was cultured from BC upon admission, and the patient received linezolid (5 days), but BCs remained positive. The central line was removed, and BCs cleared thereafter. MALDI-TOF generated highest scores for SAR for all 3 strains, but scores \u22652.0 were also obtained for SAU and mecA and various virulence genes.Low prevalence of SAR causing BSI was observed in US hospitals in 2019; however, SAR can clearly cause invasive infections. ST2250 has predominantly been detected in the USA and Canada, but this study showed distinct lineages causing BSI, including strains carrying Rafael Mendes, BS, JMI Laboratory: Grant/Research Support Lalitagauri M. Deshpande, PhD, Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Cecilia G. Carvalhaes, MD, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Office for Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Clostridioides difficile.1,2 The incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in persons \u2265 65 years old is greater than in those < 65 years old,3 with 1 in 11 CDI patients \u2265 65 years old dying within 1 month of diagnosis.4 We report the efficacy and safety of RBX2660, a microbiota-based live biotherapeutic, in patients with recurrent CDI (rCDI) who were \u2265 65 years old with comorbidities. This is a subgroup analysis of the PUNCH CD3 trial (NCT03244644), a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.Disruptions to gut microbiota composition can result in dysbiosis and subsequent intestinal colonization by opportunistic pathogens such as Participants enrolled in PUNCH CD3 were \u2265 18 years old with documented rCDI who completed standard-of-care antibiotic therapy prior to treatment with RBX2660 or placebo. Treatment success was defined as remaining recurrence-free 8 weeks after intervention. In this subgroup analysis, we assessed outcomes of participants \u2265 65 years old with underlying cardiac disorders, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. The treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were summarized for the double-blind treatment period within 8 weeks and censored if a patient received open-label RBX2660 after CDI recurrence.Figure\u00a01). In the total safety population, the overall incidence of TEAEs was 52% with RBX2660 treatment compared to 44% with placebo treatment; mild events accounted for most of the difference (40% vs 30%) (Table\u00a01). The overall incidence of TEAEs was 51% in RBX2660-treated participants \u2265 65 years old and 61%, 68%, and 51% in those participants with a cardiac disorder, CKD, or GI disorder, respectively. Most TEAEs were mild or moderate in severity and related to a pre-existing condition.In the modified intent-to-treat population, 119 of 262 participants (45%) were \u2265 65 years old. Of these 119 participants, 42% had a cardiac disorder, 19% had CKD, and 61% had a GI disorder; the respective RBX2660 treatment success rates were 69%, 68%, and 67% (RBX2660 is safe and efficacious across a range of medically complex patients and consistently reduced rCDI in adults \u2265 65 years old, regardless of baseline comorbidities.Glenn S. Tillotson, PhD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Spero Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Taro Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Paul Feuerstadt, MD, FACG, AGAF, Ferring/Rebiotix Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Ferring/Rebiotix Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Merck and Co: Advisor/Consultant|SERES Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|SERES Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Stuart Johnson, M.D., Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Membership on Ferring Publication Steering Committee|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Employee|Summit Plc: Advisor/Consultant Adam Harvey, PhD, Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Employment."}
{"text": "Aspergillus (including azole-resistant strains), resistant moulds , and dimorphic moulds. Information on absolute bioavailability and effect of food upon the pharmacokinetics (PK) of OLO when administered as a 30 mg tablet, including feasibility of alternative enteral delivery, is required for appropriate guidance on dosing.OLO is a novel antifungal active vs. Healthy male and female subjects in Cohorts A and B  participated in 3 treatment periods; single doses of 150 mg OLO as a 2-h IV infusion, a fasted PO dose (after overnight fast), and a fed single PO dose (30 min after starting a high fat breakfast). Healthy subjects in Cohort C participated in 2 treatment periods and received fasted single doses of 150 mg OLO either PO as intact tablets or via NG tube (tablets dispersed in water). PK sampling was performed for 120 h after each dose, with at least 10 days between dosing occasions per subject.max (Table\u00a01). Multiple post-dose OLO peaks were observed for most subjects regardless of dose route or fed state; peaks typically coincided with meal times .The absolute bioavailability of a fasted single PO dose of OLO was found to be 67%. Administering OLO in the presence of food resulted in slight reduction in overall exposure, with an approximate 30% reduction in COLO systemic exposure was similar for intact tablets given PO and tablets dispersed in water given via NG tube (Table).Statistical Analysis of Olorofim PK parameters for Cohorts A, B and COLO (30 mg tablet) has good oral bioavailability and based upon the minimal impact of a high-fat breakfast upon overall exposure, can be administered with or without food. No dose adjustment is needed if switching from oral dosing with intact tablets to dosing tablet in water via NG tube.Karen Cornelissen, PhD, F2G: Employee Paul A. Newell, MB BS, AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds|F2G: Stocks/Bonds John H. Rex, MD, Advent Life Sciences: Operating Partner|Advent Life Sciences: Ownership Interest|AMR Action Fund: Advisor/Consultant|AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Advisor/Consultant|Bugworks Research, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|F2G, Limited: Employee|F2G, Limited: Stocks/Bonds|Forge Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria|Sumitovant: Advisor/Consultant Samuel Israel, MBBS, Labcorp: Eemployee James Bush, MB ChB, PhD, Labcorp: Employee |Labcorp: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "The European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) collected data on epidemiology, risk factors, treatment, and outcomes of culture proven candidemia across Europe in order to assess how adherence to guideline recommendations correlate with outcomes.Each participating hospital  included the first \u223c10 culture proven IC cases after 01-Jul-18 and entered data into the ECMM Candida III database on the FungiScope\u2122 platform. EQUAL Candida Scores (10.1111/myc.12746) reflecting adherence to recommendations of IDSA and ESCMID Guidelines were assessed.A total of 632 Candidemia cases were included from 64 institutions in 20 European countries. Patients characteristics are displayed in Table\u00a01. Overall mortality was 45% (286/632), and hospital stay was prolonged (median 2 days) for completion of parenteral therapy only in 16% (100/621) of patients. EQUAL Candida Score was evaluable for 589 cases with candidemia . Candida scores correlated significantly with duration of hospitalization  and - after exclusion of patients hospitalized < 7 days (n=119) - were significantly higher in patients who survived versus those who died (p< 0.001). Duration of hospitalization was in median 16 days after diagnosis of candidemia. Initial echinocandin treatment was associated a.) with lower overall mortality  versus those without initial echinocandin therapy , and b.) with longer duration of hospitalization among survivors . In those where candidemia was treated for at least 14 days, 78% (239/306) survived, compared to 66% (67/102) in those treated for less than 14 days, but who survived beyond day 14 after diagnosis.Initial echinocandin treatment was associated with increased overall survival, but also longer duration of hospitalization . Overall mortality of IC was 45%. EQUAL Candida scores were significantly higher on those who survived, indicating that adherence to clinical guidelines may increase survival.Martin Hoenigl, n/a, Astellas: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support Maiken C. Arendrup, DMSci, PhD, MD, Chiesi, Gilead: Honoraria|F2G, Cidara, Scynexis: Grant/Research Support Oliver A. Cornely, Prof. Dr., Abbott: Honoraria|Abbvie: Advisor/Consultant|Actelion: Board Member|Al-Jazeera Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria|Allecra Therapeutics: Board Member|Amplyx: Advisor/Consultant|Amplyx: Grant/Research Support|Astellas: Honoraria|Basilea: Advisor/Consultant|Basilea: Grant/Research Support|Biocon: Advisor/Consultant|Biosys: Advisor/Consultant|BMBF: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Board Member|Cidara: Expert Testimony|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|CoRe Consulting: Stocks/Bonds|Da Volterra: Advisor/Consultant|DLR: Grant/Research Support|DZIF: Grant/Research Support|Entasis: Board Member|EU Directorate-General for Resarch and Innovation: Grant/Research Support|F2G: Grant/Research Support|German Patent and Trade Mark Office: German patent (DE 10 2021 113 007.7)|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Grupo Biotoscana/United Medical/Knight: Honoraria|Hikma: Honoraria|IQVIA: Board Member|Janssen: Board Member|Matinas: Advisor/Consultant|Matinas: Grant/Research Support|MedPace: Advisor/Consultant|MedPace: Grant/Research Support|MedScape: Honoraria|MedUpdate: Honoraria|Menarini: Advisor/Consultant|Merck/MSD: Grant/Research Support|Merck/MSD: Honoraria|Molecular Partners: Advisor/Consultant|MSG-ERC: Advisor/Consultant|Mundipharma: Grant/Research Support|Mylan: Honoraria|Noxxon: Advisor/Consultant|Octapharma: Advisor/Consultant|Octapharma: Grant/Research Support|Paratek: Board Member|Pardes: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Honoraria|Projekttr\u00e4ger J\u00fclich: Grant/Research Support|PSI: Advisor/Consultant|PSI: Board Member|Pulmocide: Board Member|Scynexis: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Grant/Research Support|Seres: Advisor/Consultant|Shionogi: Board Member|Wiley (Blackwell): Editor-in-Chief, Mycoses."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Bacurau AGM, Sato APS, Francisco PMSB (2021) Reasons for nonadherence to vaccination for influenza among older people in Brazil. PLoS ONE 16(11): e0259640."}
{"text": "Real-world effectiveness of fixed dose dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) two-drug regimens (2DR) during the first 24 months of availability in the US was compared to common three-drug regimens (3DRs) among suppressed antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced people living with HIV (PLWH).\u00ae Cohort were followed until 30APR2021 . Univariate Poisson regression (incidence rates) and Cox proportional hazards marginal structural models were employed to assess confirmed virologic failure  or regimen discontinuation.Suppressed  PLWH initiating DTG/3TC 2DR, bictegravir (BIC)-3DR, or DTG-3DR between 01MAY2019 and 31OCT2020 in the OPERAOverall, 8037 PLWH were included in the analysis (Table). Virologic failure incidence rates were low, ranging from 0.66 (DTG/3TC) to 1.78 (DTG 3DR) per 100 person-years. Compared to DTG/3TC, only DTG 3DR was associated with an increase in the hazard of virologic failure. Discontinuation incidence rates ranged from 8.30 (BIC 3DR) to 24.9 (DTG 3DR) per 100 person-years. The discontinuation hazard was 69% greater with DTG 3DRs and 49% lower with BIC 3DRs compared to DTG/3TC. Regardless of regimen, most discontinuers were suppressed (VL< 200 copies/mL) at the time of discontinuation . Discontinuations following an adverse diagnosis/side effect were uncommon with DTG/3TC 2DR (3%) and DTG 3DR , and higher with BIC 3DR discontinuation . The most common reason for DTG 3DR discontinuations was regimen simplification (21%); no reason was given for >50% of the discontinuations in each group.Among ART-experienced, virologically suppressed PLWH, virologic failure was rare after switching to DTG/3TC 2DR, BIC 3DR or DTG 3DR. Most discontinuations were not attributed to the treatment , suggesting other reasons for discontinuation despite high levels of suppression and tolerability.Gerald Pierone, Jr., MD, Gilead: Grant/Research Support|GSK-VIIV: Grant/Research Support Jennifer S. Fusco, BS, AIDS Healthcare Foundation: Client of my employer|EMD Serono: Client of my employer|Gilead Sciences: Client of my employer|Janssen: Client of my employer|Merck & Co.: Client of my employer|TheraTechnologies: Client of my employer|ViiV Healthcare: Client of my employer Laurence Brunet, PhD, AIDS Healthcare Foundation: Client of my employer|EMD Serono: Client of my employer|Gilead Sciences: Client of my employer|Janssen: Client of my employer|Merck & Co: Client of my employer|TheraTechnologies: Client of my employer|ViiV Healthcare: Client of my employer Vani Vannappagari, MBBS, MPH, PhD, ViiV Healthcare: I am full time employee of ViiV Healthcare and receive GlaxoSmithKline stock as part of my compensation package|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Supriya Sarkar, PhD, MPH, ViiV Healthcare: Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Cassidy Henegar, PhD, MSPH, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: full-time employee Andrew Zolopa, MD, ViiV Healthcare: full time employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Gregory P. Fusco, MD, MPH, AIDS Healthcare Foundation: Client of employer|EMD: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Client of employer|Janssen: Client of employer|Merck & Co.: Client of employer|Theratechnologies: Client of employer|ViiV Healthcare: Client of employer."}
{"text": "Historically, EC had been a common infection in the pre-azole era, and it was associated with thrush, cytopenia, chemotherapy, and debility in patients (pts) with malignancy. However, the presentation and outcomes of EC in cancer pts in the current era of new cancer treatments and frequent use of azoles as antifungal prophylaxis are scarcely studied.We retrospectively reviewed the risk factors, clinical and laboratory features, and outcome of pathology-documented EC in pts at MD Anderson Cancer Center from January 2017 to October 2021. We followed established criteria for the endoscopy grade of EC :715-9). We used a binary multivariable logistic regression model to determine independent risk factors for treatment failure (defined as relapse within 1 year from EC diagnosis) among pts who received fluconazole for EC treatment.Among 323 pts with EC, 290 pts (90%) had solid tumors; only 33 pts (10 %) had hematological malignancies. Only 7 (2%) of pts had prior antifungal prophylaxis Esophageal cancer was most common (35%), followed by lung cancer (10.8%), gastric cancer (10.2%), and colon cancer (5.9%). 229 pts (71%) received chemotherapy within 30 days prior to EC diagnosis. The most common symptoms were dysphagia (39%), nausea (20%), and odynophagia (15%); 33% of EC pts were asymptomatic. Oral thrush (2%) was uncommon. Most patients (83%) had non-ulcerative EC (endoscopic grade 1-2), 13% had grade 3, and 4% had grade 4 EC. 206 pts (64%) received antifungal treatment . Among pts treated with fluconazole, 27 (13%) had treatment failure. Underlying esophageal disease was the only independent predictor of fluconazole treatment failure on multivariate analysis .In a large cohort of 323 contemporary pts with EC the entity is predominantly encountered in pts with solid tumor on no antifungal prophylaxis, especially the ones with underlying esophageal pathology which is a predictor of azole treatment failure. Concomitant thrush was uncommon, and in 1/3 of pts EC was only an endoscopic finding.Dimiitrios P. Kontoyiannis, MD, ScD, PhD (hon), AbbVie: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Astellas Pharma: Grant/Research Support|Astellas Pharma: Honoraria|Cidara Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant."}
{"text": "P. aeruginosa (PSA) and A. baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (ACB) as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program.Cefiderocol (CFDC) is a siderophore-conjugated cephalosporin with activity against Gram-negative bacteria. CFDC and comparator activities were analyzed against resistant and molecularly characterized 2,241 PSA and 682 ACB were consecutively collected from 63 US sites in 2020-2021. Susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution and CFDC testing used iron-depleted media. FDA and CLSI breakpoints were used for CFDC. CLSI criteria were applied to comparators, except for imipenem-relebactam (IMR) that used FDA breakpoints. Isolates with a resistance phenotype to \u2265 3 classes were defined as multidrug resistant (MDR). ACB and PSA with imipenem and/or meropenem (MER) MIC \u22654 \u03bcg/mL or ceftazidime (CAZ) and/or cefepime MIC \u2265 16 \u03bcg/mL were subjected to next-generation genome sequencing for screening of acquired carbapenemase genes.50/90, 0.06/0.25 \u03bcg/mL) and did  meet the MIC screening criteria. CFDC also had similar MIC50 values (0.12 \u03bcg/mL) against the MDR and carbapenemase-positive PSA populations, whereas other agents had compromised activity. 42.5% (290/682) of ACB met the MIC screening criteria, while 35.9% (245/682) had an MDR phenotype, and 27.3% carried carbapenemase genes . In general, CFDC, IMR, meropenem-vaborbactam, MER, ceftazidime-avibactam, and CAZ had activity against ACB that did not meet the MIC screening criteria, but only CFDC  was active against the resistant ACB subsets.31.6%  and 16.9%  of PSA met the MIC screening criteria and showed an MDR phenotype, respectively (Table). Carbapenemase genes were detected in 6 (< 1%) PSA. CFDC had similar MIC against PSA that did not , Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support Mariana Castanheira, PhD, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Cidara: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "Dear Editor,Trichophyton rubrum , Peking Union Medical College Youth Fund (3332017168) and Six Major Talent Summit in Jiangsu Province (No.WSN-030).Congcong Zhang: Article writing; Case analyzing; Patient follow-up.Hao Chen: History collecting; Picture taking.None declared."}
{"text": "Perlodinella Klap\u00e1lek, 1912 is a small stonefly genus in the Palearctic areas of China and its biodiversity is underestimated.Perlodinella, Perlodinellashennongjia sp. nov. in the Dajiuhu National Wetland Park of Shennongjia Forestry District, Hubei Province, central China. The description and illustrations of the new species are provided, based on male adults, female adults and eggs. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the characters of male and female genitalia and the egg structure.This paper reports a new species of  Plecoptera) are known as a relatively small group of hemi-metabolous aquatic insects. The stonefly genus Perlodinella Klap\u00e1lek, 1912 belongs to Perlodidae and is distributed in the Palearctic areas of China  from the genus Rauserodes Zwick, 1999  for half an hour to extrude the aedeagus and eversible paraproct lobes. Immature eggs were taken from inside of the female abdomen. Observations and measurements were performed with a SDPTOP SZM45 stereomicroscope. Colour images were taken using a Canon EOS 6D digital camera with a Canon MP-E 65 mm 5X macro lens. All images were optimised and assembled into plates with Adobe Photoshop CS6. The holotype and paratypes are deposited in the Insect Collection of Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu Province, China (ICJUST). The terminology of wing venation follows that of Chen, Xu & Shen, 2022sp. n.A82179F1-AE25-551F-8966-02877E7BF06B0DB574AB-1770-4CB3-81AB-FC4BE4A3C26BType status:Holotype. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; sex: male; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Plecoptera; family: Perlodidae; genus: Filchneria; specificEpithet: shennongjia; taxonRank: species; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Hubei; municipality: Shennongjia Forestry District; locality: Dajiuhu National Wetland Park; verbatimElevation: 1551 m; verbatimCoordinates: 110\u00b07\u203233.9\u2033N, 31\u00b027\u20325\u2033E; Identification: identifiedBy: Zhi-Teng Chen; Event: verbatimEventDate: 31-03-2022; Record Level: institutionCode: ICJUSTType status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualCount: 11; sex: 7 males, 4 females; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Plecoptera; family: Perlodidae; genus: Filchneria; specificEpithet: shennongjia; taxonRank: species; nomenclaturalCode: ICZN; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Hubei; municipality: Shennongjia Forestry District; locality: Dajiuhu National Wetland Park; verbatimElevation: 1551 m; verbatimCoordinates: 110\u00b07\u203233.9\u2033N, 31\u00b027\u20325\u2033E; Identification: identifiedBy: Zhi-Teng Chen; Event: verbatimEventDate: 31-03-2022; Record Level: institutionCode: ICJUSTBody length (from anterior of head to posterior of paraprocts) 13.0-15.0 mm (examined specimen number = 8), living male near habitat stream and male in ethanol both dark brown Figs .Head mostly dark brown dorsally, pale ventrally Fig. ; triocelPronotum subquadrate Fig. , lateralAbdominal segments mostly dark Figs , 4, 5, sBody length 17.0-19.0 mm (examined specimen number = 4), mostly dark brown Fig. . Colour Macropterous Figs , 7; foreAbdomen dorsally dark brown; abdominal sterna 1-7 with a continuous dark brown, median stripe, lateral areas pale Fig. . AbdominLength ca. 800 \u03bcm; width ca. 400 \u03bcm. Trilateral (Fig. The new species is diagnostic by the following combination of features: mesothoracic furcasternum branches reaching posterior of furcal pits; hind-wings with broad anal area; male abdominal segments 1-4 divided into distinct terga and sterna; terga 6-9 not elevated at posterior half, with dense posterolateral hair patches; terga 8-10 with scattered sensilla basiconica on posterior half; tergum 10 strongly elevated, dorsally covered with dense short spines and sparse sensilla basiconica, apex blunt, ventrally with scattered sensilla basiconica; aedeagus membranous, thumb-shaped, dorsally covered with sparse dark spines, ventrally covered with dense dark spines, apex with sparse pale spines; paraproct sclerite basally resembling a parallelogram, apex inwardly pointed, anterior and inner margins dark, not connected basally; eversible paraproct lobe short, near bulbous, covered with dense pale spines and several scattered dark spines; female abdominal sterna 1-7 with a continuous dark median stripe, sternum 8 with four subtriangular dark sclerites, sterna 9-10 pale and short; subgenital plate broad, elongated and rounded; eggs trilateral, with both longitudinal and transverse ridges, micropyles present.Perlodinellashennongjia sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from P.kozlovi and P.epiproctalis by the unlobed epiproct (P.unimacula, P.microlobata, P.fuliginosa and P.tatunga by the rounded female subgenital plate without any notch or lobes (P.apicalis by the absence of dark brown femora and downcurved hook on paraproct (P.mazehaoi by the distinctly shorter male tergum 10 and different shape of female subgenital plate (P.tibetensis by the paraproct sclerites pointing inwards instead of outwards (epiproct , from P.or lobes , Wu 1973araproct , from P.al plate  and fromoutwards .The new species is named after its type locality, the Shennongjia Forestry District.The new species is currently only known from the Shennongjia Forestry District, Hubei Province, China."}
{"text": "We evaluated the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines in several specific populations at high risk of severe COVID-19.in vitro neutralization assay) were evaluated at one month after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine.Participants from the French national multi-center prospective cohort study ANRS0001S COV-POPART were included (11 specific subpopulations: and 2 control groups (18\u201364 years and over 65 years)). In this preliminary analysis patients and controls who had received at least two vaccine doses have been included. Percentages ) of participants with anti-Spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (ELISA) and specific neutralizing antibodies  or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, 61 hypogammaglobulinemia, 401 diabetic, 739 obeses non-diabetic and 476 HIV) and 1053 controls (893: 18\u201364 years and 160 over 65 years). Median age was 51.7 years [InterQuartile range: 40.8 \u2013 60.9] and 50.7% were male. Most of the participants received BNT162b2 vaccine (86.4%). In the control group, 100%  of those aged 18\u201364 and 99.4%  of those over 65 years developed anti-Spike IgG antibodies.PLWHIV, cancer and diabetic patients had high rate of responders after two doses with 98.3% , 93.0%  and 92.0% , respectively. The lowest percentage of responders was found in patients with SOT , HSCT  and hypogammaglobulinemia . In both control groups, the frequency of neutralizing antibodies was similar to the anti-Spike IgG antibody response. In the immunodeficient populations, neutralizing antibodies responders tended to be less frequent than anti-Spike antibodies responders. Similar trends than for IgG antibody were identified .Anti-Spike and Neutralizing antibody (Ab) responses (95% CI) one month after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine in specific and control populations.Lower COVID-19 vaccine humoral response was observed in specific populations than in controls, especially in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, HSCT and SOT.Paul LOUBET, MD, PhD, pfizer: Board Member Odile Launay, MD, PhD, AstraZeneca: Financial|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Johnson & Johnson: Advisor/Consultant|Johnson & Johnson: Grant/Research Support|MD: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: Advisor/Consultant|MSD: Data safety monitoring board|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Data safety monitoring board."}
{"text": "Treatment for people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) continues to advance with a two-drug regimen (2DR) approach. Dolutegravir/lamivudine (DTG/3TC) is indicated as a 2DR for both treatment-na\u00efve and virally suppressed PLWH. Despite high and sustained virologic efficacy for DTG-based 2DRs observed in clinical trials, there is limited evidence in US real world clinical settings. This study characterizes prescribing behaviors and treatment outcomes for DTG-based 2DR in the real world.TANDEM was a retrospective medical chart review conducted across 24 US sites. Eligible PLWH were adults initiated on single tablet DTG/3TC or DTG/rilpivirine prior to Sept/30/2020 with a minimum clinical follow-up of six months. Treatment-na\u00efve PLWH had no prior history of HIV therapy. Clinical characteristics, treatment history and outcomes were abstracted. Analyses were descriptive. Reported here are viral outcomes for the DTG/3TC cohort of treatment-na\u00efve PLWH with baseline viral loads (VLs) \u2265 100,000 (c/mL).From an overall sample of 469 PLWH on DTG-based 2DR, 318 received DTG/3TC. Of the DTG/3TC cohort, 126 were treatment-na\u00efve. Of the treatment-na\u00efve, 58 PLWH had known VLs available at DTG/3TC initiation. For those with baseline VLs \u2265 100,000 c/mL, 9 had values 100,000-250,000 c/mL while 7 were > 250,000 c/mL. Characteristics of this sub-cohort are described in Table\u00a01. Overall, the most common reason for DTG/3TC initiation in this sub-cohort was patient preference (n=5), followed by avoidance of long-term toxicities and convenience (both n=3). For those with VLs between 100-250k, median CD4 count was 312 while 8/9 became virally suppressed (HIV-1 RNA < 50c/mL) and 1 PLWH had missing data. For those with VLs > 250k, median CD4 count was 114 while 6/7 became virally suppressed and 1 PLWH had missing data. One of these 6 PLWH experienced virologic rebound yet remained on DTG/3TC.These real world results reflect data from clinical trials, demonstrating DTG/3TC is effective and well tolerated in the real world. Nearly all DTG/3TC users, regardless of baseline VL, experienced sustained virologic suppression with few treatment discontinuations. Caution should be used when extrapolating these results due to limited population size of the sub-cohorts.Paul Benson, DO, AAHIVS, ViiV Healthcare: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV Healthcare: Speakers Bureau and Advisory Boards Cindy Donovan, PharmD, Johnson & Johnson: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employee/Salary|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Gavin Harper, BA, ViiV Healthcare: Adelphi Real World were paid consultants (CRO) to conduct the observational research study on behalf of ViiV Healthcare.|ViiV Healthcare: Adelphi Real World were paid consultants (CRO) to conduct the observational research study on behalf of ViiV Healthcare Deanna Merrill, PharmD, MBA, AAHIVP, ViiV Healthcare: Salaried employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Katie L. Mycock, MChem, ViiV Healthcare: Adelphi Real World were paid consultants (CRO) to conduct the observational research study on behalf of ViiV Healthcare|ViiV Healthcare: Adelphi Real World were paid consultants (CRO) to conduct the observational research study on behalf of ViiV Healthcare Alan Oglesby, MPH, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK): Employment|GlaxoSmithKline (GSK): Stocks/Bonds Jimena Patarroyo, PharmD, AAHIVP, ViiV Healthcare: Salaried employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Aimee Metzner, PharmD, AAHIVP, ViiV Healthcare: Salaried employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Colonization with multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients increases the risk of post-transplant bacterial infection. MDR colonization impact on graft survival and mortality is not well established.2 statistic.A search was executed by an expert librarian on PROSPERO, OVID Medline, Ovid EMBASE, Wiley Cochrane Library, ProQuest dissertations and Theses Global and SCOPUS, from inception until October 26, 2021. Adult SOT colonized with Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) or AmpC producing bacteria, carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), or MDR Pseudomonas were included and compared to non-colonized SOT. Pairs of reviewers screened abstracts and full studies for inclusion, and extracted data independently. We used RevMan to conduct a meta-analysis using random effects models to calculate the pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for the incidence of infection, mortality, and graft failure. Statistical heterogeneity was determined using the IPRISMA chart, systemic review and metanalysis on Impact Of Colonization By Multi Drug Resistant Bacteria on Graft Survival, Risk of Infection, and Mortality in Recipients of Solid Organ Transplant.2= 66%; VRE mortality: RR= 1.64 , I2= 44%; MRSA infection: RR= 4.07 , I2= 59%; MRSA mortality RR=1.47 , I2= 35%). ESBL and CRE colonization were associated with increased risk of infection (ESBL: RR=9.87 (6.12-15.93); p< 0.001), I2=13%; CRE: RR= 13.64 (95%CI 5.73-32.47); p< 0.001), I2= 66%). CRE colonization was associated with increased mortality, RR=5.79 , I2=0%.59 articles spanning from 1989 to 2021 were included . Liver transplant (43 studies) and VRE colonization (17 studies) were the most common organ and MDR pathogen. MDR surveillance was performed by culture (71%) and PCR (6.7%). In liver transplant recipients, VRE and MRSA colonization were associated with increased infection risk, but not mortality , IWhile colonization with MRSA and VRE in liver transplant was not associated with increase mortality, CRE colonization was associated with almost 6-fold increased risk of death. These data should be taken into account when stratifying the risk of transplant.Carlos Cervera, Associate Professor, Astra-Zeneca: Advisor/Consultant|AVIR Pharma: Grant/Research Support|AVIR Pharma: Honoraria|Lilly: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria|Sunovion: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Honoraria|VerityPharma: Advisor/Consultant Dima Kabbani, MD, MSc, AVIR Pharma: Grant/Research Support|AVIR Pharma: Honoraria|GSK: Honoraria|Merck: Grant/Research Support."}
{"text": "New York State adopted a COVID-19 vaccination requirement for all healthcare workers in September 2021, but they allowed medical exemptions. We examined reasons and frequency of medical exemption requests in an academic medical center.We conducted active surveillance of all medical exemption requests in a tertiary care academic center in Central NY. Age, gender, reason for request, prior acceptance of other required vaccines, letter of support from employee provider, adjudication of the request, and impact of the decision on COVID-19 vaccine acceptance were collected prospectively since the mandate became effective.Among 8,776 HCWs, 108 requested medical exemptions, among those 57 (53%) were denied, 39 (36%) were granted temporary exemption, and 12 (11%) were permanent (Table). Females were more likely to request medical exemptions compared to males, 92 (85%) versus 16 (15%), respectively. Overall, 94 (87%) of the HCWs had a letter from their provider in support of their exemption. Nevertheless, only 47% of those qualified for permanent or temporary exemption using CDC guidelines. The most common reasons for requesting exemption included: having natural immunity, receiving monoclonal antibodies, experiencing a common reaction to previous COVID-19 vaccination, and having an underlying medical condition . The majority of individuals who had a request denied or who received a temporary medical exemption were subsequently vaccinated, 63% and 79%, respectively .Demographic and other characteristics among health care workers (HCW) requesting medical exemptions.Reasons for requesting medical exemption from COVID-19 vaccination requirement by request determination.COVID-19 vaccine uptake among health care workers (HCW) requesting medical exemptions to COVID-19 vaccination. *One HCW received alternative COVID-19 vaccine.Females were more likely to request a medical exemption to vaccination and their requests were often supported by their providers. Future efforts should focus on educating both health care providers and the public about actual medical contraindications or precautions to vaccination to improve overall vaccination rates.Jana Shaw, MD,MS,MPH, Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant Stephen J. Thomas, MD, Clover: case adjudication committee (compensated for time)|EdJen: Advisor/Consultant|Icosavax: data monitoring (compensated for time)|Island Pharma: Ownership Interest|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Moderna: chair, safety monitoring committee (compensated for time)|New Day Diagnostics: Honoraria|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|PrimeVax: Ownership Interest|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: Advisor/Consultant|Takeda: case adjudication committee (compensated for time)|Vaxxinity: data monitoring committee (compensated for time)."}
{"text": "Sophie Groot Wassink should be included as first author in the author byline. Their affiliation is 1: the Department of Human Resource Studies, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands. This author states they have no competing interests to declare.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222518The correct citation is: Groot Wassink S, Van Wingerden J, Poell RF (2019) Meaningful work and resilience among teachers: The mediating role of work engagement and job crafting. PLoS ONE 14(9): e0222518. The updated author contributions are as follows:Conceptualisation: SGW, JvWData Curation: JvWFormal analysis: JvWWriting\u2013original draft: SGW, JvW, RFPWriting\u2013review & Editing: JvW"}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa are global antimicrobial resistance threats. Cefepime-taniborbactam (FTB) is an investigational \u03b2-lactam/ \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor combination that is active against Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa expressing serine and metallo-\u03b2-lactamases. CERTAIN-1 (Cefepime Rescue with Taniborbactam in cUTI) evaluated FTB efficacy and safety in the treatment of cUTI.Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales and multidrug resistant CERTAIN-1 was a randomized, double blind, double dummy, Phase 3 study comparing FTB to meropenem (MEM) in adults hospitalized with cUTI or AP. The primary endpoint was the composite  response at the test of cure (TOC) visit in the microITT population. Patients were randomized 2:1 to FTB 2.5g IV q8h or MEM 1g IV q8h for 7 days or up to 14 days in patients with bacteremia. The non-inferiority margin was -15.0% and a pre-specified test for superiority for the primary endpoint was performed following confirmation of non-inferiority.> 65 years represented 38.0% of the microITT population and bacteremia was present in 13.1% of patients. Composite success was achieved in 70.0% and 58.0% of FTB and MEM patients, respectively . FTB was statistically superior to MEM for the primary endpoint at the TOC  and statistical superiority was sustained at the late follow up visit (LFU). Analyses of secondary endpoints and subgroups were consistent with the primary efficacy analysis. Treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were observed in 35.5% of FTB patients and 29.0% of MEM patients. Serious adverse events occurred in 2.0% and 1.8% of FTB and MEM patients, respectively. The most common TEAEs were headache  and diarrhea .A total of 661 patients were randomized and 436 patients (66.0%) were included in the microITT population, including 42.2% with AP and 57.8% with cUTI. Patients Following 7 days of therapy, FTB was statistically superior to MEM for the primary endpoint at the TOC. Composite success for FTB remained statistically superior to MEM at the LFU visit. FTB was safe and well-tolerated with a safety profile similar to MEM.Paul C. McGovern, MD, Paratek Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals: employee|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds Florian Wagenlehner, MD, Glaxo Smith Kline: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant Leanne Gasink, MD, MSCE, Amplyx Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|CSL Behring: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Vera Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant Greg Moeck, PhD, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals: Employee|Venatorx Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds Patrick L. McLeroth, MD, Labcorp: Full time employee|Labcorp: Stocks/Bonds Mary Beth Dorr, PhD, Merck: Past employee|Merck: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Venatorx: Employee Aaron Dane, MSc, Amplyx: Advisor/Consultant|AN2 therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Artizan: Advisor/Consultant|Cidara: Advisor/Consultant|ContraFect: Advisor/Consultant|Correvio: Advisor/Consultant|Davolterra: Advisor/Consultant|Destiny Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Entasis: Advisor/Consultant|F2G Limited: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Advisor/Consultant|Humanigen: Advisor/Consultant|Kymab: Advisor/Consultant|Modis: Advisor/Consultant|Orca: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Phico: Advisor/Consultant|Pled Pharma: Advisor/Consultant|Rare Thyroid: Advisor/Consultant|Roche: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis: Advisor/Consultant|Sinovent: Advisor/Consultant|Spero Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Transcrip: Advisor/Consultant|Venatorx: Advisor/Consultant Tim Henkel, MD, PhD, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals: Stocks/Bonds."}
{"text": "Hypocharassus Mik, 1879 has only been recorded in the Nearctic and Oriental regions and, to date, it contains four known species.The genus Hypocharassuscavitarsussp. n. is described from Korea. This is the first record of this genus in the Palearctic Region. A description of the new species and a key to the Hypocharassus species are presented herein. Hypocharassus Mik, 1879 contains four species and has only been recorded in the Nearctic and the Oriental Regions. This genus was erected by H.gladiator, from Georgia, USA. Similarly, Drepanomyia, based on D.pruinosus (= H.pruinosus) from Florida, USA; however, Hypocharassus. Later, H.farinosus and H.sinensis were recorded from Taiwan and Guangxi, China, by The genus Crustacea or marine plankton , compound microscope (Olympus BX50) and Michrome 16 CMOS camera . Specimens are preserved in dry condition for observing and 95% ethanol for later molecular diagnosis. All specimens examined in this study were deposited in the collection of the School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea.6E65F3BD-006E-5968-A9DD-E929EBE558299878BD39-6122-42D8-AA69-F29094F1A581Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Young-Kun Kim & Sang Jae Suh; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Hypocharassuscavitarsus; family: Dolichopodidae; Location: country: Korea; countryCode: KR; stateProvince: Jeollanam-do; county: Sinan-gun; municipality: Imja-myeon; locality: Samdu-ri; verbatimLatitude: 35\u00b003'46.7\"N; verbatimLongitude: 126\u00b003'31.2\"E; Event: year: 2021; month: 6; day: 19Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Young-Kun Kim & Sang Jae Suh; sex: 4 females; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Hypocharassuscavitarsus; family: Dolichopodidae; Location: country: Korea; countryCode: KR; stateProvince: Jeollanam-do; county: Sinan-gun; municipality: Imja-myeon; locality: Samdu-ri; verbatimLatitude: 35\u00b003'46.7\"N; verbatimLongitude: 126\u00b003'31.2\"E; Event: year: 2021; month: 6; day: 19Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Young-Kun Kim & Sang Jae Suh; sex: 11 males,7 females; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Hypocharassuscavitarsus; family: Dolichopodidae; Location: country: Korea; countryCode: KR; stateProvince: Chungcheongnam-do; county: Taean-gun; municipality: Taean-eup; locality: Donae-ri; verbatimLatitude: 36\u00b049'03.4\"N; verbatimLongitude: 126\u00b019'17.9\"E; Event: year: 2021; month: 7; day: 14Male ; postvertical seta proclinate and convergent and approximately 1\u20132 times longer than ocellar seta; frons broadened upwards; width between frons and face as long as compound eye at anterior view; face slightly broadened downwards; clypeus subparallel downwards and apically round; compound eye with tiny pale setulae between facets; upper postocular setae black in a single row; lower postocular setae pale and combined with occipital setae; upper occiput flat; lower occiput with thick pale setae; antenna black; scape bare; pedicel setose at apical margin; postpedicel check mark shape and ventral projection 2/5 times shorter than dorsal projection; arista-like stylus thick and two segmented and apical segment minutely longer than basal segment and placed apically; palpus basally grey and apically yellow with pale setulae; proboscis large and black with pale setulae  seta and some pale setulae; 3\u20135 tiny intra-alar setae, 1 (rarely 2) presutural supra-alar, 3 postsutural supra-alar, 1 (rarely 2) notopleural, 1 postalar setae present; posterial scutum round; scutellum approximately 0.5 times shorter than width and apically round; 2\u20133 (rarely 4) scutellar setae present and as long as length of scutellum and laterals slightly smaller than median seta; proepisternum with pale setulae; anepisternum, katepisternum, anepimeron, katepimeron, meron and laterotergite bare.Legs mainly metallic bluish green with thick whitish pruinosity; all coxae and trochanter with pale setulae; fore femur and mid femur with pale setulae and 1 apical posteroventral seta, except black dorsal setulae at apical half; hind femur with black dorsal and pale ventral setulae and 1 apical anterodorsal and 1 posteroventral seta; all tibiae with 1\u20133 anterodorsals and 1\u20133 posterodorsal setae and apical ring of setae; all tarsi with 2 long ventral setae at apex of tarsomeres 1\u20134, respectively; tarsomere 1 grey and almost same or slightly shorter than total length of tarsomeres 2\u20135; tarsomeres 2\u00ad\u20135 basally yellow and apically grey; fore tarsomere 4 with anterior projection and 2 setae at apex; fore tarsomere 5 anteriorly crooked and gradually widened towards apex and with anterior projection at base; mid tarsomeres 4 and 5 gradually broadened towards apex; mid tarsomeres 5 cone-shaped; hind tarsomeres 4 and 5 slightly broadened towards apex, but less broad than mid tarsomeres 4 and 5; all claws long, approximately twice longer than pulvillus; basal half of fore anterior claw broad, almost equal to width of pulvillus; all empodium pale, narrow feather shaped and curved upwards; pulvillus greyish brown  tarsomere 5 of fore tarsus.Korea .Hypocharassussinensis Yang, 1998 which is identified by the female type specimen, can be separated from the new species by five pairs of scutellar setae and two times larger body size (approximately 13 mm). H.farinosus Becker, 1922 also can be distinguished from the new species by the brown halter and calypter, absence of anterior projection at base of fore tarsomere 5 and absence of basally broad fore anterior claw (Fig. This new species and Oriental species can be distinguished easily from two Nearctic species by the absence of scape setae. While, compared to new species and Oriental species, they have relatively similar morphological features. However, each can be identified by the following characteristics."}
{"text": "COVID-19 shifted antibiotic stewardship program resources and changed antibiotic use (AU). Shifts in patient populations with COVID surges, including pauses to surgical procedures, and dynamic practice changes makes temporal associations difficult to interpret. Our analysis aimed to address the impact of COVID on AU after adjusting for other practice shifts.We performed a longitudinal analysis of AU data from 30 Southeast US hospitals. Three pandemic phases  were compared to baseline (1/2018\u20131/2020). AU (days of therapy (DOT)/1000 patient days (PD)) was collected for all antimicrobial agents and specific subgroups: broad spectrum , CAP , and antifungal. Monthly COVID burden was defined as all PD attributed to a COVID admission. We fit negative binomial GEE models to AU including phase and interaction terms between COVID burden and phase to test the hypothesis that AU changes during the phases were related to COVID burden. Models included adjustment for Charlson comorbidity, surgical volume, time since 12/2017 and seasonality.Observed AU rates by subgroup varied over time; peaks were observed for different subgroups during distinct pandemic phases . Compared to baseline, we observed a significant increase in overall, broad spectrum, and CAP groups during phase 1 (Table). In phase 2, overall and CAP AU was significantly higher than baseline, but in phase 3, AU was similar to baseline. These phase changes were separate from effects of COVID burden, except in phase 1 where we observed significant effects on antifungal (increased) and CAP (decreased) AU (Table).Changes in hospital AU observed during early phases of the COVID pandemic appeared unrelated to COVID burden and may have been due to indirect pandemic effects . By pandemic phase 3, these disruptive effects were not as apparent, potentially related to shifts in non-COVID patient populations or ASP resources, availability of COVID treatments, or increased learning, diagnostic certainty, and provider comfort with avoiding antibacterials in patients with suspected COVID over time.Melissa D. Johnson, PharmD, Biomeme: Licensed Transcriptional Signature for Candidemia|Charles River Laboratories: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|Merck & Co. Inc: Advisor/Consultant|Merck & Co. Inc: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer, Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Scynexis Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Theratechnologies: Advisor/Consultant Angelina Davis, PharmD, M.S., Merck & Co.: Honoraria Sonali D. Advani, MBBS, MPH, FIDSA, Locus Biosciences: Advisor/Consultant|Locus Biosciences: Honoraria|Sysmex America: Advisor/Consultant Ibukun Kalu, MD, Pfizer, Inc.: Institutional support for clinical trial Rebekah W. Moehring, MD, MPH, FIDSA, FSHEA, UpToDate, Inc.: Author Royalties."}
{"text": "The first long-acting (LA) antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen, cabotegravir+rilpivirine (CAB+RPV) injection, was approved by the FDA in January 2021 for ART-experienced, people with HIV (PWH) with undetectable viral load (VL< 50 copies/mL). We assessed clinical effectiveness of CAB+RPV LA in the first year of use in the United States (US).Using electronic health record data from the OPERA\u00ae cohort, all ART-experienced adults who received \u22651 CAB+RPV LA prescriptions for the first time between 21Jan2021 and 28Feb2022 were followed until 13Mar2022. Discontinuation was defined as an ART switch or > 2 consecutive missed doses. VL were monitored from first injection until end of follow-up or discontinuation. Confirmed virologic failure was defined as 2 consecutive VLs > 200 copies/mL or 1 VL > 200 copies/mL + discontinuation. Results were stratified by VL at first prescription .Of 994 PWH prescribed CAB+RPV, all were ART-experienced and 85% had undetectable VL (< 50 copies/mL), 90% were suppressed (< 200 copies/mL), and the remainder had VL \u2265200/mL (6%) or missing baseline VL (4%). Of those prescribed, 344 (38%) received CAB+RPV LA injections over a median 53  days; 14% were women, 36% were Black, 29% were Hispanic, 25% had a BMI of \u226530, and the median age was 40  years (Table\u00a01). At the end of observation, 62% had not yet received CAB+RPV injections as they were in the process of approval, were on oral lead-in, or had been denied. At study end, 310 (90%) of the 344 remained on CAB+RPV LA with median follow-up of 3.4  months. Among those with VLs after first injection, the last VL was < 200 copies/mL in 99% and < 50 copies/mL in 94% (Table\u00a02); all follow-up VLs were < 200 copies/mL in 97%, and < 50 copies/mL in 88%. Thirty viremic PWH received CAB+RPV LA injections (Table) with a median VL at first prescription of 4.2  log copies/mL. Five or fewer PWH experienced confirmed virologic failure in each of the suppressed and viremic groups.In this real-world cohort of PWH who received CAB+RPV LA injections in the US, observations from the first year suggest that this regimen is effective among virologically suppressed individuals.Michael G. Sension, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Honoraria|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Grant/Research Support|Viiv: Honoraria Ricky K. Hsu, MD, Gilead: Honoraria|Merck: Honoraria|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Honoraria Jennifer S. Fusco, BS, AIDS Healthcare Foundation: Client of my employer|EMD Serono: Client of my employer|Gilead Sciences: Client of my employer|Janssen: Client of my employer|Merck & Co.: Client of my employer|TheraTechnologies: Client of my employer|ViiV Healthcare: Client of my employer Laurence Brunet, PhD, AIDS Healthcare Foundation: Client of my employer|EMD Serono: Client of my employer|Gilead Sciences: Client of my employer|Janssen: Client of my employer|Merck & Co: Client of my employer|TheraTechnologies: Client of my employer|ViiV Healthcare: Client of my employer Gayathri Sridhar, MBBS, MPH, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare: Employment Vani Vannappagari, MBBS, MPH, PhD, ViiV Healthcare: I am full time employee of ViiV Healthcare and receive GlaxoSmithKline stock as part of my compensation package|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Andrew Zolopa, MD, ViiV Healthcare: full time employee|ViiV Healthcare: Stocks/Bonds Jean A. van Wyk, MB,ChB; MFPM, ViiV Healthcare Limited: I am an employee of ViiV Healthcare|ViiV Healthcare Limited: Stocks/Bonds Gregory P. Fusco, MD, MPH, AIDS Healthcare Foundation: Client of employer|EMD: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences: Client of employer|Janssen: Client of employer|Merck & Co.: Client of employer|Theratechnologies: Client of employer|ViiV Healthcare: Client of employer."}
{"text": "Corrigendum on:Effectiveness of mobile applications to quit smoking: Systematic review and meta-analysisBy Raquel Cobos-Campos, Arantza S\u00e1ez de Lafuente, Antxon Api\u00f1aniz, Naiara Parraza, Iraida P\u00e9rez Llanos, Gorka OriveTobacco Prevention and Cessation, Volume 6, Issue November, Pages 1-11Publish date: 10 November 2020https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/127770DOI: An error in data entry occurred during the production tables 2 and 3 in the manuscript, as the authors accidentally omitted the confidence interval dashes in the tables.Table 2. Comparison of smartphone app versus other intervention The table is the following:The correct table should be:Table 3. Comparison of smartphone app versus other intervention: Sensitivity analysisThe table is the following:The correct table should be:"}
{"text": "Background: Weight loss and physical activity (PA) are recommended for arthritis management. The Group Lifestyle Balance (GLB) Program(TM) is an evidence-based, lifestyle change program for weight loss in individuals with prediabetes, but hasn\u2019t been evaluated in people with arthritis. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an adapted version of the GLB program on PA and psychosocial outcomes related to weight loss among overweight (Body Mass Index >27) individuals with arthritis. Methods: A single-group, quasi-experimental design was used to examine the effects of the adapted GLB program on measures of PA and psychosocial outcomes. All participants (N=15) received the GLB program and completed the following surveys: CHAMPS PA, Self-Efficacy for PA (SE), Social Support for PA (SS), Weight Loss Efficacy (WEL) and Barriers to Healthy Eating (BHE) at baseline, 12-weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. Repeated measures ANOVA and the Friedman Test were used to examine changes over time. Results: Participants (aged 53-79 years) were primarily female (82%), white (94%), and college educated (94%). Significant improvements were found in BHE subsections of self-control and motivation (p=0.002), daily mechanics (p=0.042), and WEL subsections of availability (p=0.049), social pressure (p=0.010), physical discomfort (p=0.011), and positive activities (p=0.007). Weekly caloric expenditure (p=0.004), metabolic equivalent minutes (p=0.022) for all activities, and moderate-intensity activities (p=0.019) also showed significant improvements. However, most improvements were seen in the short-term. Conclusions: The GLB program should be further evaluated for its effectiveness in people with arthritis."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Fabrizio Tediosi. The correct citation is: Akweongo P, Chatio ST, Owusu R, Salari P, Tediosi F, Aikins M (2021) How does it affect service delivery under the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana? Health providers and insurance managers perspective on submission and reimbursement of claims. PLoS ONE 16(3): e0247397."}
{"text": "Corrigendum on:https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/140824Association of heated tobacco product use and secondhand smoke exposure with suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts among Korean adolescents: A 2019 national survey By Soyoon Park, Kang-Sook Lee Tobacco Induced Diseases, Volume 19, Issue September, Pages 1\u201311, Publish date: 21 September 2021 DOI: The manuscript type is \u2018Research Paper\u2019 instead of \u2018Review Paper\u2019."}
{"text": "Immunocompromised (IC) patients (pts) can have prolonged SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity, even after resolution of COVID-19 symptoms. This study aimed to determine if viable virus could be detected in samples collected > 21 days after an initial positive (pos) SARS-CoV-2 PCR in IC pts. We obtained 20 remnant SARS-CoV-2 PCR pos nasopharyngeal swabs from IC pts  with a pos repeat PCR within the previous 30 days. The repeat specimens were cultured on Vero-hACE2-TMPRSS2 cells and incubated for 96 hours to assess viral viability. Viable RNA and infectious virus in the cultured cells were measured by qPCR and infectious plaque assays. RNA sequencing was performed on a HiSeq platform (Illumina). Samples also underwent SARS-CoV-2 antigen (Ag) testing (BD Veritor). Clinical data were extracted from the electronic health record by chart review. Pt characteristics are in Table 1. Viral cultures from the repeat specimen were negative (neg) for 18 pts and pos for 2 (Table 2). Pt 1 is a 60M treated with obinatuzumab 19 days prior to his first pos PCR test, with repeat specimen collected 21 days later (cycle threshold (Ct) not available). Pt 1 had a low viral titer (27 PFU/mL) & a D614G mutation on sequencing. Pt 2 is a 75M treated with rituximab 10 days prior to his first pos PCR test, with repeat specimen collected 23 days later (Ct 27.56/27.74). Pt 2 had a high viral titer (2e6 PFU/mL) and D614G, S98F, and S813I mutations.Demographics of Study Population (N=20)Characteristics of patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 viral culture90% of specimens collected > 21 days after an initial pos SARS-CoV-2 PCR did not have viable virus detected on their repeat specimen. The 2 pts with pos viral cultures had active hematologic malignancies treated with an anti-CD20 mAb at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. One pt had a high concentration of active, viable virus. No known variants of concern were noted in this cohort, collected in Q2 2020, though prolonged replication is a risk for variant development. Further data are needed about risk factors for persistent viable viral shedding & methods to prevent transmission of viable virus from IC hosts. Victoria J. Fraser, MD, CDC Epicenters (Grant/Research Support)Cigna/Express Scripts Doris Duke Fund to Retain Clinical Scientists Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital NIH  Victoria J. Fraser, MD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support; Cigna/Express Scripts  Involved: Spouse/Partner): Employee; Doris Duke Charitable Foundation  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support; National Institutes of Health  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support; The Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support Michael S. Diamond, MD, PhD, Carnival Corporation (Consultant)Emergent BioSolutions (Grant/Research Support)Fortress Biotech (Consultant)Immunome (Advisor or Review Panel member)Inbios (Consultant)Moderna Vir Biotechnology  Carey-Ann Burnham, PhD, BioFire bioMerieux (Grant/Research Support)Cepheid Luminex (Grant/Research Support)Roche  Carey-Ann Burnham, PhD, BioFire  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; bioMerieux  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Speakers\u2019 bureau; Cepheid  Involved: Self): Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator; Luminex  Involved: Self): Scientific Research Study Investigator Hilary Babcock, MD, MPH, FIDSA, FSHEA, Nothing to disclose"}
{"text": "Small hospitals in the US may lack access to infectious diseases (ID) expertise despite similar rates of antimicrobial use and drug-resistant bacteria as larger hospitals. A tele-antimicrobial stewardship program (TASP) is a force multiplier, expanding access to specialty care, training, and guidance on appropriate resource utilization. Data on the impact of TASPs in community or rural inpatient settings is limited.We established a TASP at a 160-bed hospital in Armstrong County, PA (population < 5000) in September 2020. Tele-ID consult services were already being used . A non-local ID pharmacist or ID physician performed prospective audits and provided feedback with 1 local pharmacist on a 30-minute video conference call daily. At TASP implementation, all patients receiving intravenous (IV) fluoroquinolones, metronidazole, and azithromycin were reviewed. Figure 1 shows the additional support following TASP implementation, including addition of ceftriaxone, carbapenems, IV vancomycin, and tocilizumab to daily reviews. A patient monitoring form was developed to track interventions and the local pharmacists were trained in documentation. Table 1 lists other TASP features implemented.Figure 1. TASP TimelineTable 1. TASP AccomplishmentsFrom 09/01/2020 to 04/30/2021, 304 stewardship opportunities were identified and 77% of interventions were accepted. Recommending a duration of therapy was accepted most frequently (93.5%) and de-escalation of therapy least frequently (69.6%) (Table 2). Recommending an ID consultation or diagnostic testing was always accepted but only comprised 6.2% of all interventions. Daily calls involved an average of 5 patient reviews. Monthly antimicrobial use declined on average from 673 DOT (days of therapy)/1000 PD (patient days) to 638 DOT/1000 PD . Daily calls were cancelled on 31/166 weekdays (18.7%) due to staffing shortages.Table 2. TASP Interventions (9/2020 - 4/2021)Figure 2. Monthly Antimicrobial Use in Days of Therapy (DOT) per 1000 Patient Days (4/2019 - 5/2021)Implementation of TASP in a community hospital resulted in a high percentage of accepted stewardship interventions and lower antimicrobial usage. Success is dependent on robust educational efforts, establishing strong relationships with local providers, and involvement of key stakeholders. Lack of dedicated stewardship time for local pharmacists is a very significant barrier.Erin K. McCreary, PharmD, BCPS, BCIDP, AbbVie (Consultant)Cidara (Consultant)Entasis (Consultant)Ferring (Consultant)Infectious Disease Connect, Inc Merck (Consultant)Shionogi (Consultant)Summit (Consultant) Erin K. McCreary, PharmD, BCPS, BCIDP, AbbVie  Involved: Self): Consultant; Cidara  Involved: Self): Consultant; Entasis  Involved: Self): Consultant; Ferring  Involved: Self): Consultant; Infectious Disease Connect, Inc  Involved: Self): Director of Stewardship Innovation, Other Financial or Material Support; Merck  Involved: Self): Consultant; Shionogi  Involved: Self): Consultant; Summit  Involved: Self): Consultant Tina Khadem, PharmD, Infectious Disease Connect, Inc. (Employee) Nancy Zimmerman, RN, BSN, I\u2019d connect (Employee) John Mellors, MD, Abound Bio, Inc. (Shareholder)Accelevir (Consultant)Co-Crystal Pharma, Inc. Gilead Sciences, Inc. Infectious DIseases Connect Janssen (Consultant)Merck (Consultant) Rima Abdel-Massih, MD, Infectious Disease Connect  Rima Abdel-Massih, MD, Infectious Disease Connect  Involved: Self): Chief Medical Officer, Other Financial or Material Support, Other Financial or Material Support, Shareholder J Ryan. Bariola, MD, Infectious Disease Connect"}
{"text": "Reference to original study: Antoszyk AN, Glassman AR, Beaulieu WT, Jampol LM, Jhaveri CD, Punjabi OS, et al.; DRCR Retina Network. Effect of Intravitreous Aflibercept vs Vitrectomy With Panretinal Photocoagulation on Visual Acuity in Patients With Vitreous Hemorrhage From Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020 Dec 15;324(23):2383\u20132395."}
{"text": "Tocilizumab is an interleukin-6 monoclonal antibody with widespread use in rheumatologic conditions. Observational studies have shown a promising role of Tocilizumab in severe COVID-19 patients with cytokine storm syndrome. Data about tocilizumab use in pregnant patients is limited. We report two outcomes of two pregnant patients with COVID-19 in the second trimester who received tocilizumabA 24-year-old 20 weeks pregnant lady with a history of asthma and gestational diabetes mellitus presented with three days history of fever, cough and shortness of breath . She was clinically stable but later developed ARDS and developed increased oxygen demand up to 10 liters/min. She received Tocilizumab on. Patient was observed in a high dependency unit but did not require mechanical ventilation. Patient was discharged home with full recovery and later delivered a healthy baby. Timeline of medicines used during hospital . Case 2: 39-year-old 23 weeks pregnant lady presented with seven days history of fever cough and shortness of breath . On presentation, she had progressive worsening hypoxic respiratory failure and was intubated. Patient had her nasopharyngeal swab for CODI-19 RT PCR was positive. The patient had severe ARDS requiring ECMO  for respiratory support. Tocilizumab 400 mg was given on the presentation, along with other medications . Patient had regular monitoring of fetus; however, she had intrauterine fetal demise on day 14. Patient It is unclear if IUFD was due to using of tocilizumab or severity of COVID19 itself. The patient stayed in ICU for 20 days and was discharged after full recovery.Figure 1. Case 1 treatment timeline. Abberviations: Azithro: Azithromycin, HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine, CQ: Chloroquine, LPV/r: lopinavir/Ritonavir, Osel: Oseltamivir, MP: Methylprednisolone, Ampi-sulb: Ampicillin-sulbactam, TCZ: tocilizumabFigure 2. Case 2 treatment timelineLearning points: Tocilizumab use in pregnant patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia during the second trimester improved maternal outcomes in our cases. Tocilizumab use may be associated with worse fetal outcomes, including intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD).Figure 3. Table of clinical characteristics, pregnant outcomes. Abbreviations: LRTI: lower respiratory tract infection, HCQ: Hydroxychloroquine, CQ: chloroquine, Osel: Oseltamivir, Cef: Ceftrixone, Ampi-Sulb: ampicillin-sulbactam, Azithro: Azithromycin, TCZ: tocilizumab, MP: methylpredinisolone, H/O: History of, LSCS: C-section, NA: not available. Pip-tazo: Piperacillin-tazobactam, Mero: Meropenem, Sulfa-trim: Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim, IUFD: Intrauterine fetal death.The pharmacological management of pregnant patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia poses significant challenges. The use of Tocilizumab may improve maternal outcomes but may also increase the risk of worse fetal outcomes. Caution should be exercised in using this agent, and risks and benefits should be discussed with the patients.All Authors: No reported disclosures"}
{"text": "Klebsiellae are Gram-negative pathogens responsible for serious nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Carbapenem resistance, both intrinsic and acquired, complicates therapy. Taniborbactam  is a bicyclic boronate \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) that inhibits all four Ambler classes of \u03b2-lactamase enzymes, both serine- and metallo-, with the notable exception of class B IMP \u03b2-lactamases. Taniborbactam is currently undergoing phase 3 clinical trials in combination with cefepime  as part of the \u03b2-lactam-BLI (BL-BLI) combination FEP-taniborbactam (FTB).Figure 1. Structures of taniborbactam and cefepime. The \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor is in red and the \u03b2-lactam antibiotic is in black.Klebsiellae (CRK) strains collected as part of the Antibiotic Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG) Consortium on Resistance against Carbapenems in Klebsiella (CRACKLE) study. Among these strains, 193 expressed class A KPCs, one expressed a class B NDM, and six expressed class D OXA-48 or variants. Broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)s were determined using the ThermoFisher Sensititre system with custom assay panels. American Type Culture Collection strains were used for quality control. The susceptible-dose-dependent breakpoint for FEP was provisionally used for FTB, where taniborbactam was fixed at 4 \u00b5g/mL.We determined the activity of FTB against 200 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella strains tested, susceptibility for \u03b2-lactams alone ranged from 1% for ceftazidime (CAZ), 2.5% for meropenem, and 13.5% for FEP (Table 1). The addition of BLIs increased % susceptibility compared to BL alone to: 98% for CAZ-avibactam (CZA); 95.5% for MEM-vaborbactam (MVB); and 99.0% for FTB. MIC50 and MIC90 were in the susceptible and provisionally susceptible range for CZA and MVB, and in the provisionally susceptible range for FTB. Analyzing the CZA and MVB non-susceptible strains, 7 of 9 MVB non-susceptible strains and 2 of 4 CZA-resistant strains were provisionally susceptible to FTB.Among the 200 Table 1. MIC50 and MIC90 values (\u03bcg/mL) and percent susceptibility for Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (n=200). AMK, amikacin; CST, colistin; CAZ, ceftazidime; CZA, ceftazidime-avibactam; FEP, cefepime; FTB, cefepime-taniborbactam; MEM, meropenem; MVB, meropenem-vaborbactam; TGC, tigecycline. * The breakpoint for CST is intermediate, as no susceptible breakpoint is available. ** The susceptible-dose-dependent breakpoint for FEP alone was provisionally applied to FTB, where taniborbactam was fixed at 4 \u03bcg/mL. Breakpoints from CLSI M100, 31st ed, 2021.The addition of taniborbactam restored susceptibility to FEP in 99.0% of CRACKLE isolates studied, comparable to CZA and MVB. Taniborbactam also restored FEP activity against some MVB- and CZA-resistant strains. FTB may provide a promising therapy for CRK infections.Robin Patel, MD, 1928 Diagnostics (Consultant)BioFire Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)ContraFect Corporation (Grant/Research Support)Curetis (Consultant)Hylomorph AG (Grant/Research Support)IDSA Infectious Diseases Board Review Course Mammoth Biosciences (Consultant)NBME Netflix (Consultant)Next Gen Diagnostics (Consultant)PathoQuest (Consultant)PhAST (Consultant)Qvella (Consultant)Samsung Selux Diagnostics (Consultant)Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Specific Technologies (Consultant)TenNor Therapeutics Limited (Grant/Research Support)Torus Biosystems (Consultant)Up-to-Date  Robin Patel, MD, BioFire  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Contrafect  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; IDSA  Involved: Self): Editor\u2019s stipend; NBME, Up-to-Date and the Infectious Diseases Board Review Course  Involved: Self): Honoraria; Netflix  Involved: Self): Consultant; TenNor Therapeutics Limited  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; to Curetis, Specific Technologies, Next Gen Diagnostics, PathoQuest, Selux Diagnostics, 1928 Diagnostics, PhAST, Torus Biosystems, Mammoth Biosciences and Qvella  Involved: Self): Consultant David van Duin, MD, PhD, Entasis (Advisor or Review Panel member)genentech (Advisor or Review Panel member)Karius (Advisor or Review Panel member)Merck Pfizer Qpex (Advisor or Review Panel member)Shionogi Utility (Advisor or Review Panel member) Vance G. Fowler, Jr., MD, MHS, Achaogen (Consultant)Advanced Liquid Logics (Grant/Research Support)Affinergy Affinium (Consultant)Akagera (Consultant)Allergan (Grant/Research Support)Amphliphi Biosciences (Consultant)Aridis (Consultant)Armata (Consultant)Basilea Bayer (Consultant)C3J (Consultant)Cerexa Contrafect Debiopharm Destiny (Consultant)Durata Genentech Green Cross Integrated Biotherapeutics (Consultant)Janssen Karius (Grant/Research Support)Locus (Grant/Research Support)Medical Biosurfaces (Grant/Research Support)Medicines Co. (Consultant)MedImmune Merck (Grant/Research Support)NIH (Grant/Research Support)Novadigm (Consultant)Novartis Pfizer (Grant/Research Support)Regeneron sepsis diagnostics Tetraphase (Consultant)Theravance Trius (Consultant)UpToDate Valanbio xBiotech (Consultant) Daniel D. Rhoads, MD, Becton, Dickinson and Company (Grant/Research Support) Michael Jacobs, MBBS, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support) Focco van den Akker, PhD, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support) David A. Six, PhD, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Employee) Greg Moeck, PhD, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Employee) Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace, Ph.D., Merck & Co., Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Spero Therapeutics, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Wockhardt Ltd.  Robert A. Bonomo, MD, entasis (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support)NIH (Grant/Research Support)VA Merit Award (Grant/Research Support)VenatoRx (Grant/Research Support)"}
{"text": "The data on CAPA in the U.S. are limited to date and clinical characteristics unique to this phenomenon have not been widely reported.This retrospective observational study was conducted at multiple VA hospitals across southern California and Arizona. CAPA cases were identified in inpatients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 based on microbiologic or serologic evidence of aspergillosis and pulmonary abnormalities on imaging, and were classified according to ECMM/ISHAM consensus definitions. Characteristics of interest included immunosuppressive/modulatory agents used prior to onset of CAPA, COVID-19 disease course, length of hospitalization, and mortality.2. Baseline comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (47%), cardiovascular disease (65%), and pulmonary disease (71%). Evidence of aspergillosis was mostly based on respiratory culture, with mainly A. fumigatus (75%). Systemic corticosteroids were used in 14 patients, with a total dose of 400 mg prednisone equivalents starting 10 days prior to Aspergillus detection. Patients also received tocilizumab (18%), leflunomide (6%), tacrolimus (6%), mycophenolate (6%), and investigational agent LSALT or placebo (6%); 2 patients (12%) did not receive any immunosuppression/modulation. Length of hospitalization for COVID-19 was 22 days. Death occurred in 12 patients (71%), including all patients with probable CAPA, at 34 days after COVID-19 diagnosis and 16 days after CAPA diagnosis. Eight patients (47%) were treated for aspergillosis; mortality did not appear to differ with treatment (75% vs. 67%).Seventeen patients with probable (18%) or possible (82%) CAPA were identified from April 2020 to March 2021. Values below reported as medians. All patients were male and 13 (76%) were white, with age 74 years and BMI 26 kg/mTable 1. COVID-19 Inpatient CharacteristicsTable 2. Incidence of Aspergillus Growth on Respiratory CultureAspergillus spp. increased compared to previous years. Future work will attempt to identify risk factors for CAPA and attributable mortality via comparison to inpatients with COVID-19 without CAPA.This case series reports high mortality among patients with CAPA; the primary contributor to this outcome is unclear. Frequency of lower respiratory tract sampling in patients with COVID-19 may have limited diagnosis of CAPA. Interestingly, inpatient respiratory cultures with Matthew B. Goetz, MD, Nothing to disclose Martin Hoenigl, MD, Astellas (Grant/Research Support)Gilead (Grant/Research Support)Pfizer (Grant/Research Support) Martin Hoenigl, MD, Astellas  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; F2G  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Gilead  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Pfiyer  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Sc\u00fdnexis  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support Sanjay Mehta, MD, D(ABMM), DTM&H, MedialEarlySign (Consultant)ZibdyHealth"}
{"text": "Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/srep19578, published online 27 January 2016Correction to: The original PDF of this article contains an error in the footer, where the volume number \"5:19578\" should read \"6:19578\"."}
{"text": "Sharp declines in influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation across the U.S. have been described during the pandemic in temporal association with community mitigation for control of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to determine relative frequencies of rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV) and other respiratory viruses in children presenting to emergency departments or hospitalized with acute respiratory illness (ARI) prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a multi-center active prospective ARI surveillance study in children as part of the New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN) from December 2016 through January 2021. Molecular testing for RV/EV, RSV, influenza, and other respiratory viruses  were performed on specimens collected from children enrolled children. Cumulative percent positivity of each virus type during March 2020\u2013January 2021 was compared from March-January in the prior seasons  using Pearson\u2019s chi-squared. Data are provisional.Among 69,403 eligible children, 37,676 (54%) were enrolled and tested for respiratory viruses. The number of both eligible and enrolled children declined in early 2020 , but 4,691 children (52% of eligible) were enrolled and tested during March 2020-January 2021. From March 2020-January 2021, the overall percentage of enrolled children with respiratory testing who had detectable RV/EV was similar compared to the same time period in 2017-2018 and 2019-2020 . In contrast, the percent positivity of RSV, influenza, and other respiratory viruses combined declined compared to prior years, .Figure 1. Percentage of Viral Detection Among Enrolled Children Who Received Respiratory Testing, New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), United States, December 2016 \u2013 January 2021Table 1. Percent of Respiratory Viruses Circulating in March 2020\u2013 January 2021, compared to March-January in Prior Years, New Vaccine Surveillance Network (NVSN), United States, March 2017 \u2013 January 2021During 2020, RV/EV continued to circulate among children receiving care for ARI despite abrupt declines in other respiratory viruses within this population. These findings warrant further studies to understand virologic, behavioral, biological, and/or environmental factors associated with this continued RV/EV circulation.Jennifer E. Schuster, MD, Merck, Sharpe, and Dohme  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Viracor  John V. Williams, MD, GlaxoSmithKline Quidel  Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, MD, MPH, Pfizer (Grant/Research Support)Sanofi Pasteur (Advisor or Review Panel member) Christopher J. Harrison, MD, GSK (Grant/Research Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support)Pfizer  Janet A. Englund, MD, AstraZeneca GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Meissa Vaccines (Consultant)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant)Teva Pharmaceuticals (Consultant) Claire Midgley, PhD, Nothing to disclose Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Genentech Quidel Sanofi  Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Genentech  Involved: Self): I receive an honorarium for lectures - it\u2019s a education grant, supported by genetech, Other Financial or Material Support, Other Financial or Material Support; Sanofi  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support"}
{"text": "Journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical MedicineRevista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical/Title: Natural infection of triatomines (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) by trypanosomatids in two different environments in the municipality of Ouro Preto do Oeste, State of Rond\u00f4nia, BrazilVol. 45(3): 2012 - Page: 395-398, - doi: 10.1590/S0037-86822012000300023In regard to the triatomines collected in the present study, where we cite: Rhodnius prolixus and R. prolixus.Should read:Rhodnius montenegrensis and R. montenegrensis."}
{"text": "Conservation Physiology, Volume 9(1): coab028, doi: 10.1093/conphys/coab028An earlier version of this manuscript, which had not been approved by the authors, was inadvertently published. As a result, the manuscript contained several grammatical and formatting errors. The following references were also included in error:Oncorhynchus kisutch: isit better to be cool? J Fish Biol 95: 793\u2013801.Elsner RA, Shrimpton JM (2019) Behavioural changes during theparr\u2013smolt transformation in Coho salmon Percafluviatilis populations originating from different salinity habitats.Conserv Physiol 7: 1\u20135.Christensen EAF, Grosell M, Steffensen JF (2019) Maximum salinitytolerance and osmoregulatory capabilities of European perch Procambarus clarkii) and rusty crayfish (Faxoniusrusticus). MBI 11: 259\u2013278.Fredricks K, Tix J, Smerud J, Cupp A (2020) Laboratory trials to evaluatecarbon dioxide as a potential behavioral control method forinvasive red swamp  Behavioral thermoregulation in twospecies of Antarctic fish. Salmo salar smolts in relationto behavioural salinity preferences and thresholds. J Fish Biol 88:595\u2013617.Stich DS, Zydlewski GB, Zydlewski JD (2016) Physiological preparednessand performance of Atlantic salmon Mustelus canis. Fed Proc 37: 427\u2013427.Reynolds WW, Casterlin ME (1978a) Thermoregulatory behavior insmooth dogfish shark, Petromyzon marinus) in anelectronic shuttlebox. Hydrobiologia 61: 145\u2013147.Reynolds WW, Casterlin ME (1978b) Behavioral thermoregulation byAmmocoete larvae of the sea lamprey  Thermoregulatory behaviour ofthe primitive arthropod J Fish Biol 50:1166\u20131180.Schurmann H, Steffensen JF (1997) Effects of temperature, hypoxiaand activity on the metabolism of juvenile Atlantic cod. The final version of this manuscript has now replaced this earlier version, and so these errors are no longer present. The publisher apologizes for this mistake and regrets any confusion caused."}
{"text": "Solitary pulmonary capillary haemangioma (SPCH) is a benign lung tumour that presents as ground-glass nodules on computed tomography (CT) images and mimics lepidic-predominant adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to establish a discriminant model using a radiomic feature analysis to distinguish SPCH from lepidic-predominant adenocarcinoma.In the adenocarcinoma group, all tumours were of the lepidic-predominant subtype with high purity (>70%). A classification model was proposed based on a two-level decision tree and 26 radiomic features extracted from each segmented lesion. For comparison, a baseline model was built with the same 26 features using a support vector machine as the classifier. Both models were assessed by the leave-one-out cross-validation method.P\u2009<\u20090.05).This study included 13 and 49 patients who underwent complete resection for SPCH and adenocarcinoma, respectively. Two sets of features were identified for discrimination between the 2 different histology types. The first set included 2 principal components corresponding to the 2 largest eigenvalues for the root node of the two-level decision tree. The second set comprised 4 selected radiomic features. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity were 0.954, 91.9%, 92.3% and 91.8% in the proposed classification model, and were 0.805, 85.5%, 61.5% and 91.8% in the baseline model, respectively. The proposed classification model significantly outperformed the baseline model  is a primary benign lung tumour that exhibits proliferation of capillaries in the alveolar septa [1]. Solitary pulmonary capillary haemangioma (SPCH) is a primary benign lung tumour that exhibits proliferation of capillaries in the alveolar septa . This unet al.  and the National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan .Conflict\u2002of interest: none declared.Hao-Jen Wang: Data curation; Formal analysis; Investigation; Methodology; Writing\u2014original draft. Mong-Wei Lin: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Investigation; Methodology; Writing\u2014original draft. Yi-Chang Chen: Investigation; Methodology; Writing\u2014review & editing. Li-Wei Chen: Formal analysis; Investigation; Writing\u2014original draft. Min-Shu Hsieh: Conceptualization; Data curation; Methodology; Writing\u2014original draft. Shun-Mao Yang: Data curation; Methodology; Writing\u2014review & editing. Ho-Feng Chen: Data curation; Formal analysis; Writing\u2014review & editing. Chuan-Wei Wang: Data curation; Formal analysis; Writing\u2014review & editing. Jin-Shing Chen: Conceptualization; Supervision; Writing\u2014review & editing. Yeun-Chung Chang: Conceptualization; Data curation; Supervision; Validation; Writing\u2014review & editing. Chung-Ming Chen: Conceptualization; Data curation; Supervision; Validation; Writing\u2014original draft.Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery thanks Giuseppe Cardillo, Georges Decker, Marcelo F. Jimenez and the other, anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review process of this article.ivab271_Supplementary_DataClick here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Leptonetidae Simon, 1890 includes 20 genera and 366 species from North America, the Mediterranean Region and Asia. Currently, 132 species belonging to six genera have been recorded in China.The spider family Yueleptonetadongxing gen. et sp. n., is described from Guangdong Province, China. Yueleptoneta gen. n. is distinct from the other genera in the chelicerae having the stridulatory file on the lateral margin and the male palp having a tarsal spur, lacking strong spines or apophyses on the femur and tibia.A new genus and species of leptonetid spiders,  Leptonetidae Simon, 1890 are tiny (1\u20133 mm) and typically have six eyes, with posterior median eyes displaced behind the anterior lateral eyes and posterior lateral eyes, anterior median eyes lost. Most species live in moist habitats, such as leaf litter, under rocks and especially in caves , Jingneta Wang & Li, 2020 (9 spp.), Leptonetela Kratochv\u00edl, 1978 (105 spp.), Longileptoneta Seo, 2015 (6 spp.), Masirana Kishida, 1942 (1 sp.) and Rhyssoleptoneta Tong & Li, 2007 (2 spp.) ((2 spp.) .In this paper, a new genus and species of leptonetid spiders, collected from the leaf litter in Guangdong Provnice of China, is described and illustrated.The specimens were examined using a Leica M205C stereomicroscope. Details were studied under an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Photomicroscope images were made with a Canon EOS 750D zoom digital camera (18 megapixels) mounted on an Olympus BX51 compound microscope. Photos were stacked with Helicon Focus 6.7.1 and processed in Adobe Photoshop CC 2020. For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), specimens were air-dried, sputter-coated using IXRF SYSTEMS and imaged with a Hitachi TM3030 SEM. Leg measurements are shown as: total length  and, when missing, was coded as \"\u2013\". Palp measurements are shown as: total length . All measurements were taken using an Olympus BX51 compound microscope and are in millimetres.All specimens are preserved in 75% ethanol. The type material is deposited in the College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University (SYNU) in Liaoning, China.The following abbreviations are used in the text and figures: AER = anterior eye row; ALE = anterior lateral eyes; ALE\u2013PME = distance between ALE and PME; At = atrium; Co = conductor; Em = embolus; PER = posterior eye row; PLE = posterior lateral eyes; PLE\u2013PLE = distance between PLE and PLE; PLE\u2013PME = distance between PLE and PME; PME = posterior median eyes; Sd = sperm duct; Ser = serrula; Sp = spermathecae; Str = stridulatory file; Ts = tarsal spur.Tonggen. n.670671CA-C5FC-5904-9D1B-E6FE8014652948D97727-253F-49F3-B682-63811BDE1C9DYueleptonetaYueleptonetadongxing Yang, Tong & Bian Status: new species described in this paper.Carapace brown and median groove needle-shaped, distinct. Six-eyed Fig. A. ALE anYueleptoneta gen. n. is similar to Leptonetela Kratochv\u00edl, 1978 and Longileptoneta Seo, 2015 in having a strong palpal tarsal spur , where the material has been collected and the genus name China (Guangdong).Yang, Tong & Biansp. n.DACD4A80-4151-5CA4-958A-A20CD121A0AB1149790B-DC13-4697-AF09-15E761E573E8Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Yueleptonetadongxing; order: Araneae; family: Leptonetidae; genus: Yueleptoneta; scientificNameAuthorship: Yang, Tong & Bian; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangdong; county: Heyuan City; locality: Xinhuilong Town, Dongxing Village, Wanlvgu Resort Area; verbatimElevation: 160 m a.s.l.; verbatimCoordinates: 23\u00b042'44\"N, 114\u00b038'5\"E; Event: samplingProtocol: sifting leaf litter; eventDate: 24 April 2021Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: individualCount: 4; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Yueleptonetadongxing; order: Araneae; family: Leptonetidae; genus: Yueleptoneta; scientificNameAuthorship: Yang, Tong & Bian; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Guangdong; county: Qingyuan City, Yingde City; locality: Donghua Temple; verbatimElevation: 157 m a.s.l.; verbatimCoordinates: 24\u00b09'15\"N, 113\u00b026'36\"E; Event: samplingProtocol: sifting leaf litter; eventDate: 5 April 2021Male. Total length 1.81 Fig. F. EnditeFemale. Similar to male in general features Fig. A\u2013C. TotaYueleptonetadongxing sp. n. are distinguished by the characters discussed in the genus diagnosis section.Specimens of The specific name is a noun in apposition and refers to the type locality."}
{"text": "HSV recurrences are usually managed effectively with existing antiviral drugs . However, in immunocompromised patients , if lesions persist or recur while receiving antiviral treatment, acyclovir resistance should be suspected. In this population, there are limited treatment options. The helicase-primase inhibitor pritelivir is a novel oral antiviral, with a new mode of action and is active against both HSV-1 and HSV-2, including acyclovir and foscarnet-resistant strains. In this case series, we report the first clinical experiences with pritelivir in the treatment of immunocompromised patients with acyclovir resistant HSV infection.All patient reported in this case series received pritelivir in a Phase 2 study. There were treated in an open-label design with a 400 mg pritelivir oral loading dose followed by a 100 mg oral maintenance dose daily for up to 28 days.Of the 23 patients, 11 had HIV infection and 12 had malignancy, transplant or an autoimmune disease. Of this cohort, 19 patients showed full resolution of their HSV-related lesions during the 28 day treatment period, while in 4 subjects lesions improved but did not completely heal during the observation period. Pritelivir was well tolerated without significant adverse effects.Reasons for incomplete lesion resolution during the 28 day treatment period, were extensive lesions in one patient, one patient with resistance development, and one patient with lesions in the oral cavity. Three patients subsequently experienced full resolution, while one patient required foscarnet due to CMV reactivation, necessitating early discontinuation.Pritelivir is a promising novel treatment option for patients with severe mucocutaneous HSV-1/2 infections that are resistant to acyclovir and foscarnet. An international Phase 3 study is underway to evaluate pritelivir efficacy in immunocompromised patients.Joerg Albrecht, MD/PhD, Biogen (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Investigator for AiCuris (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Robin K. Avery, MD, Aicuris (Grant/Research Support)Astellas (Grant/Research Support)Chimerix (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support)Oxford Immunotec (Grant/Research Support)Qiagen (Grant/Research Support)Takeda/Shire (Grant/Research Support) Roy F. Chemaly, MD, MPH, FACP, FIDSA, AiCuris (Grant/Research Support)Ansun Biopharma Chimerix Clinigen (Consultant)Genentech Janssen Karius (Grant/Research Support)Merck Molecular Partners Novartis (Grant/Research Support)Oxford Immunotec Partner Therapeutics (Consultant)Pulmotec Shire/Takeda Viracor (Grant/Research Support)Xenex (Grant/Research Support) Nicolas C. Issa, MD, AiCuris (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Astellas (Scientific Research Study Investigator)GSK (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Merck (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Camille Kotton, MD, Shire/Takeda (Advisor or Review Panel member) Camille Kotton, MD, UpToDate  Involved: Self): I write chapters on zoonoses for UpToDate., Independent Contractor Princy N. Kumar, MD, AMGEN Eli Lilly (Grant/Research Support)Gilead GSK Merck & Co., Inc.  Moti Ramgopal, MD FACP FIDSA, Abbvie Gilead Janssen Merck ViiV  Anna Wald, MD, MPH, Aicuris (Consultant)Crozet (Consultant)GSK (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Merck Sanofi (Scientific Research Study Investigator)X-Vax (Consultant) Michael G. Ison, MD, MS, Celltrion, Inc. (Consultant)"}
{"text": "Adult studies have demonstrated intra-season declines in influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) with increasing time since vaccination; however, data in children are limited. We conducted a prospective, test-negative study of children ages 6 months through 17 years hospitalized with acute respiratory illness at 7 pediatric medical centers each season in the New Vaccine Surveillance Network during the 2015-2016 through 2019-2020 influenza seasons. Cases were children with an influenza-positive molecular test; controls were influenza-negative children. Controls were matched to cases by illness onset date using 3:1 nearest neighbor matching. We estimated VE [100% x (1 \u2013 odds ratio)] by comparing the odds of receipt of \u2265 1 dose of influenza vaccine \u2265 14 days before the onset of illness that resulted in hospitalization among influenza-positive children to influenza-negative children. Changes in VE over time between vaccination date and illness onset date during each season were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models.Of 8,430 hospitalized children , 4,653 (55%) received \u2265 1 dose of influenza vaccine. On average, 48% and 85% of children were vaccinated by the end of October and December, respectively. Influenza-positive cases  were less likely to be vaccinated than influenza-negative controls  and overall VE against hospitalization was 53% . Pooling data across 5 seasons, the odds of any influenza-associated hospitalization increased 0.96%  per week with a corresponding weekly decrease in VE of 0.45% (p=0.275). Odds of hospitalization with time since vaccination increased 0.66%  per week in children \u2264 8 years  and 2.16%  per week in children 9-17 years (n=771). No significant differences were observed by virus subtype or lineage.Figure 1. Declines in influenza VE over time from 2015-2016 through 2019-2020, overall (a) and by age group We observed minimal intra-season declines in VE against influenza-associated hospitalization in U.S. children. Vaccination following Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices guidelines and current timing of vaccine receipt is the best strategy for prevention of influenza-associated hospitalization in children. Marian G. Michaels, MD, MPH, Viracor  John V. Williams, MD, GlaxoSmithKline Quidel  Elizabeth P. Schlaudecker, MD, MPH, Pfizer (Grant/Research Support)Sanofi Pasteur (Advisor or Review Panel member) Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Genentech Quidel Sanofi  Natasha B. Halasa, MD, MPH, Genentech  Involved: Self): I receive an honorarium for lectures - it\u2019s a education grant, supported by genetech, Other Financial or Material Support, Other Financial or Material Support; Sanofi  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Research Grant or Support Janet A. Englund, MD, AstraZeneca GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Meissa Vaccines (Consultant)Pfizer (Research Grant or Support)Sanofi Pasteur (Consultant)Teva Pharmaceuticals (Consultant) Christopher J. Harrison, MD, GSK (Grant/Research Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support)Pfizer  Flor M. Munoz, MD, Biocryst (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Gilead (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Meissa Moderna Pfizer Virometix"}
{"text": "Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli (CRGNB) are increasingly reported around the world as a cause of serious infections. However, the epidemiology and clinical course of patients with CRGNB in Japan is not well understood.Enterobacterales, CR nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli (NFGNB) and CR Aeromonas sp. isolation were included. Carbapenem resistance was tested by agar dilution method and defined based on the CLSI criteria for each species. Infections were determined by NHSN protocols.We prospectively collected CR cases from 4/2019 to 9/2020 in Multi-Drug Resistant organisms clinical research network (MDRnet) consisting of 5 tertiary care facilities in Japan. We looked for all CRGNB, and all unique patients with CR Enterobacterales, 119 NFGNB, 7 Aeromonas spp.) were included . Acinetobacter sp. was not detected. Isolation sites were sputum (n = 12) and urine (n = 7) in Enterobacterales, sputum (n = 62) and blood (n = 18) in NFGNB, and blood (n = 6) in Aeromonas spp. The median age and male ratio of the patients were 68 years [IQR: 53-74] and 19 (63.3%) in Enterobacterales, 72 years [IQR: 60-79] and 70 (58.8%) in NFGNB and 78 years [IQR: 54-83] and 2 (28.6%) in Aeromonas spp. Ten (33.3%) patients with Enterobacterales, 55 (46.2%) patients with NFGNB, and 6 (85.7%) patients with Aeromonas spp. were infected cases. The others were considered as colonized. There were no patients with ICU stay or intubation in Enterobacterales, while 5 (4.2%) and 4 (3.4%) patients were in ICU and intubated in NFGNB, and 2 patients were in ICU and intubated in Aeromonas spp., respectively. All-cause 30-day mortality rates were 10% in Enterobacterales, 16.8 % in NFGNB and 28.6% in Aeromonas spp. In the infected patients, 3 patients (30%) with Enterobacterales, 12 patients (21.8%) with NFGNB and 1 patient (16.7%) with Aeromonas spp. died within 30 days after isolation. In total, 156 patients  David van Duin, MD, PhD, Entasis (Advisor or Review Panel member)genentech (Advisor or Review Panel member)Karius (Advisor or Review Panel member)Merck Pfizer Qpex (Advisor or Review Panel member)Shionogi Utility (Advisor or Review Panel member) Yohei Doi, MD, PhD, AstraZeneca (Speaker's Bureau)bioMerieux (Consultant)FujiFilm Gilead (Consultant)GSK (Consultant)Meiji (Consultant)MSD (Consultant)Shionogi (Consultant) Yohei Doi, MD, PhD, Astellas  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; AstraZeneca  Involved: Self): Speakers' bureau; bioMerieux  Involved: Self): Consultant, Speakers' bureau; Chugai  Involved: Self): Consultant; Entasis  Involved: Self): Consultant; FujiFilm  Involved: Self): Advisor or Review Panel member; Gilead  Involved: Self): Consultant; GSK  Involved: Self): Consultant; Kanto Chemical  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; MSD  Involved: Self): Speaking Fee; Pfizer  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Shionogi  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Speakers' bureau; Teijin Healthcare  Involved: Self): Speakers' bureau; VenatoRx  Involved: Self): Consultant"}
{"text": "Treponema parvum is a spirochete associated with human and animal oral/nonoral soft tissue infections. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of three human oral isolates of T. parvum, namely, ATCC 700770T (OMZ 833T), ATCC 700773 (OMZ 842), and OMZ 843, which possess circular chromosomes of a median size of 2.63 Mb. Treponema parvum is a small, obligately anaerobic, strictly carbohydrate-dependent spirochete , OMZ 842 (ATCC 700773), and OMZ 843, obtained directly from Chris Wyss, whose group isolated and characterized these strains  at 37\u00b0C in supplemented tryptone-yeast extract-gelatin-volatile fatty acids-serum (TYGVS) medium  medium , followe) medium , with se) medium  and Pilo) medium . Reads w) medium  to confi) medium . DefaultT. parvum genomes lack identifiable homologues of several key T. denticola virulence-related factors, including sialidase (TDE0471)  (T. parvum. The T. parvum type strain (ATCC 700770) genome possesses homologues of the T. denticola DNA methyltransferase (TDE0909) and restriction endonuclease (TDE0911) proteins (The three TDE0471)  and the TDE0471) , which iTDE0405) , factor TDE0405) , and proTDE0405)  are simiproteins , differeT. parvum genome sequences and raw sequencing data were deposited in DDB/ENA/GenBank under the accession numbers CP054142 (ATCC 700770T), CP054257 (ATCC 700773), and CP058315 (OMZ 843) (PRJNA284866.The complete OMZ 843)  and unde"}
{"text": "Candida species are a major cause of invasive and mucocutaneouls infections. There are limited oral treatment options available for patients with Candida infections who are unresponsive to or who are intolerant of currently available antifungals. Oral ibrexafungerp is an investigational broad-spectrum glucan synthase inhibitor antifungal with activity against Candida and Aspergillus species, including azole- and echinocandin-resistant strains. A Phase 3 open-label, single-arm study of ibrexafungerp  is ongoing for the treatment of patients intolerant of or with fungal disease refractory to standard antifungal therapy. We present an analysis of patient outcomes from the FURI study by fungal disease type. Table 1: FURI Outcomes by Fungal DiseaseFURI patients were eligible for enrollment if they have proven or probable, severe mucocutaneous candidiasis, invasive candidiasis or invasive aspergillosis,other fungal diseases and evidence of failure to, intolerance to, or toxicity related to a currently approved standard-of-care antifungal treatment or can not receive approved oral antifungal options  and a continued IV antifungal therapy is clinically undesirable or unfeasible. An independent Data Review Committee (DRC) provided an assessment of treatment response for 74 patients enrolled in the FURI study from 22 centers in US, UK and EU treated with ibrexafungerp for mucocutaneous or invasive fungal infections from 2016- 2020. A total of 39 (52.7%) patients had invasive candidiasis, 32 (43.2%) had mucocutaneous candidiasis and 3 (4.5%) patients had invasive aspergillosis. The percent of patients who were determined to have a complete response (CR), partial response (PR), clinical improvement (CI) was 63.5%, stable disease (SD) was 23.0%, patients with progression of disease 6.8% and 4 patients were indeterminate. Additionally, there was 1 death in the FURI study that was not related to fungal disease. Table 1 shows outcomes by fungal disease type as determined by the DRC. Analysis of 74 patients from the FURI study indicates that oral ibrexafungerp provides a favorable therapeutic response in patients with challenging fungal disease and limited treatment options. Peter G. Pappas, MD, Astellas (Research Grant or Support)Cidara (Research Grant or Support)F2G (Consultant)Matinas Mayne Pharma (Research Grant or Support)Scynexis (Research Grant or Support) Oliver Cornely, Prof., Actelion Al-Jazeera Pharmaceuticals (Consultant)Allecra Therapeutics (Consultant)Amplyx Astellas Basilea Biocon (Consultant)Biosys (Consultant)Cidara CoRe Consulting (Consultant)Da Volterra DFG (German Research Foundation) (Grant/Research Support)Entasis (Consultant)F2G German Federal Ministry of Research and Education (Grant/Research Support)Gilead Grupo Biotoscana (Consultant)Immunic (Grant/Research Support)IQVIA (Consultant)Janssen (Grant/Research Support)Matinas (Consultant)Medicines Company (Grant/Research Support)MedPace Melinta Therapeutics (Grant/Research Support)Menarini (Consultant)Merck/MSD Molecular Partners (Consultant)MSG-ERC (Consultant)Mylan (Consultant)Nabriva (Consultant)Noxxon (Consultant)Octapharma (Consultant)Paratek (Consultant)Pfizer PSI (Consultant)Roche Diagnostics (Consultant)Scynexis Seres (Consultant)Shionogi (Consultant)Wiley (Blackwell)  Philipp Koehler, MD, Ambu GmbH Astellas Pharma (Speaker's Bureau)Euopean Confederation of Medical Mycology (Speaker's Bureau)German Federal Ministry of Research and Education (Grant/Research Support)Gilead MSD (Speaker's Bureau)Noxxon N.V. (Consultant)Pfizer (Speaker's Bureau)State of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany (Grant/Research Support) Todd P. McCarty, MD, Cidara (Grant/Research Support)GenMark T2 Biosystems (Consultant) Barbara D. Alexander, MD, MHS, SCYNEXIS, Inc. (Consultant) Rachel Miller, MD, SCYNEXIS, Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Caryn Morse, MD, Chimerix (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Covis Pharma (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Ridgeback Biotherapeutics (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Roche (Scientific Research Study Investigator)SCYNEXIS, Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Theratechnologies (Advisor or Review Panel member)Viiv (Advisor or Review Panel member) Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, MD, Amplyx (Consultant)Cidara (Consultant)F2G (Consultant)Gilead Pfizer Scynexis Viracor (Consultant) J\u00fcrgen Prattes, Dr, AbbVie Inc. (Shareholder)Gilead (Speaker's Bureau)MSD (Grant/Research Support)Novo Nordisk (Shareholder)Pfizer (Advisor or Review Panel member)Stryker (Shareholder) Andrej Spec, MD, MSCI, Mayne Pharma (Grant/Research Support) Riina Rautemaa-Richardson, DDS, PhD, FRCPath, SCYNEXIS, Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Thomas J. Walsh, MD, PhD (hon), Scynexis Shionogi  Francisco M. Marty, MD, SCYNEXIS, Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Marisa Miceli, MD, SCYNEXIS, Inc. (Advisor or Review Panel member) Martin Hoenigl, MD, Astellas (Grant/Research Support)Gilead (Grant/Research Support)Pfizer (Grant/Research Support) Martin Hoenigl, MD, Astellas  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; F2G  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Gilead  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Pfiyer  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Sc\u00fdnexis  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support Thomas F. Patterson, MD, SCYNEXIS, Inc. (Advisor or Review Panel member) Nkechi Azie, MD, SCYNEXIS, Inc.  David A. Angulo, MD, SCYNEXIS, Inc."}
{"text": "A large number of microbes exist in the gut and they have the ability to process and utilize ingested food. It has been reported that their products are involved in colorectal cancer development. The molecular mechanisms which underlie the relationship between gut microbial products and CRC are still not fully understood. The role of some microbial products in CRC is particularly controversial. Elucidating the effects of gut microbiota products on CRC and their possible mechanisms is vital for CRC prevention and treatment. In this review, recent studies are examined in order to describe the contribution metabolites and toxicants which are produced by gut microbes make to CRC, primarily focusing on the involved molecular mechanisms.Abbreviations: CRC: colorectal cancer; SCFAs: short chain fatty acids; HDAC: histone deacetylase; TCA cycle: tricarboxylic acid cycle; CoA: cytosolic acyl coenzyme A; SCAD: short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase; HDAC: histone deacetylase; MiR-92a: microRNA-92a; KLF4: kruppel-like factor; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PIP2: phosphatidylinositol 4, 5-biphosphate; PIP3: phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-triphosphate; Akt1: protein kinase B subtype \u03b1; ERK1/2: extracellular signal\u2013regulated kinases 1/2; EMT: epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition; NEDD9: neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated9; CAS: Crk-associated substrate; JNK: c-Jun N-terminal kinase; PRMT1: protein arginine methyltransferase 1; UDCA: ursodeoxycholic acid; BA: bile acids; CA: cholic acid; CDCA: chenodeoxycholic acid; DCA: deoxycholic acid; LCA: lithocholic acid; CSCs: cancer stem cells; MHC: major histocompatibility; NF-\u03baB: NF-kappaB; GPR: G protein-coupled receptors; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RNS: reactive nitrogen substances; BER: base excision repair; DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; MAPK: mitogen activated protein kinase; ERKs: extracellular signal regulated kinases; AKT: protein kinase B; PA: phosphatidic acid; TMAO: trimethylamine n-oxide; TMA: trimethylamine; FMO3: flavin-containing monooxygenase 3; H2S: Hydrogen sulfide; SRB: sulfate-reducing bacteria; IBDs: inflammatory bowel diseases; NSAID: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; BFT: fragile bacteroides toxin; ETBF: enterotoxigenic fragile bacteroides; E-cadherin: extracellular domain of intercellular adhesive protein; CEC: colonic epithelial cells; SMOX: spermine oxidase; SMO: smoothened; Stat3: signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Th17: T helper cell 17; IL17: interleukin 17; AA: amino acid; TCF: transcription factor; CDT: cytolethal distending toxin; PD-L1: programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 Althougstridium . As wellstridium ,10.2S, and bacterial toxins, contribute to CRC\u2019s development and progression [It is commonly believed that intestinal microbiota products, including butyrate, Hgression . Butyratgression . However2.2.1.Colon bacteria break down indigested dietary fibers and starches and produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid . The aerButyrate is the most studied short-chain fatty acid and it is mostly synthesized by glycolysis from hydrocarbons by two families of the firmicutes of the human colon, ruminococcaceae and lachnospiraceae . As a hiThe overexpression of microRNA-92a (MiR-92a) in CRC  facilitaMiR-203 expression levels are significantly reduced in CRC tissues and carcinoma cell lines, and this low expression relates to tumor size and pathologic staging (pTNM) . PreviouPropionibacterium, which is found in fibrous foods and dairy products, creates SCFAs, mainly propionates and acetate. Acetate inhibits CRC cell multiplication and triggers CRC cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. However, the precise mechanism by which it transports across the CRC cell membrane is not completely understood [The bacterium derstood ,37. Studderstood . Acetatederstood ,40. It iderstood . Further2.2.Clostridium, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus, convert unabsorbed BAs into hydrophobic secondary bile salts. For example, gut bacteria transform CA into deoxycholic acid (DCA), and CDCA into lithocholic acid (LCA) [Bile acids (BAs) are made in the liver from cholesterol and are then transported into the intestine by bile which promotes the intestine\u2019s uptake of fat. Two main BAs, cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), are produced in the human liver by the \u2018classical\u2019 pathway . More thid (LCA) .Clostridium species, including Clostridium absonum, and Clostridium baratii. It has a chemical structure that is quite similar to that of DCA, but unlike the hydrophobic bile acid DCA, UDCA has been proven to impede colon cancer occurrence [UDCA is a secondary bile acid which is produced by currence ,48. Paticurrence . UDCA cacurrence . UDCA cacurrence , and regcurrence . Furthercurrence , supprescurrence , and inhcurrence . Howevercurrence . In addicurrence . The imp2.3.Lactobacillus acidophilus. Niacin, which is also called nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, acts as a precursor to coenzymes, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), and its presence is indispensable for viable cells [In addition to being obtained from food, vitamin B is produced by the intestinal microbiota, for example, le cells . In addile cells . Niacin le cells . Some exle cells ; whereasle cells . CSC intle cells . Niacin le cells . However3.3.1.Those who follow high-fat diets generate a greater amount of secondary BA, mostly DCA and LCA, and have a higher incidence of CRC ,65. CholEpidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a tyrosine kinase receptor, an ErbB family protein which promotes proliferation , invasio3.2.Trimethylamine N \u2013 oxide is a Trimethylamine (TMA) oxidation product, belonging to the amine oxide family . TMA con3.3.2S is created by Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) metabolizing sulfates in food, and other sulfur-containing compounds, including taurine [2S in CRC subjects\u2019 feces is higher than in the control group without tumors [2S levels in patients with colon tumors and sigmoid surgery compared to healthy individuals of a similar age [2S is also reduced in colon cancer patients [2S will likely work in the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases  and CRC [2S in CRC have reached different conclusions. Some studies believe that H2S promotes CRC due to its ability to promote inflammation and genotoxicity at physiological concentrations [2S appears to be related to the disruption of disulfide bonds in the double layer of mucus in the colonic wall by H2S, which leads to the epithelium being exposed to bacteria and toxins [2S can protect the mucus layer and reconstitute the already disrupted mucus layer, thereby preventing inflammation [2S [2S-releasing compounds exhibit potent anticancer effects through inhibition of the proliferation and/or inducing apoptosis in several types of cancer cell, including CRC, but the mechanism that is involved remains unknown and could be related to H2S inhibiting nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) signaling and increasing intracellular Ca2+\u00a0concentration, which leads to cell cycle arrest [H taurine . There it tumors . Anotherilar age , meaningpatients . It can  and CRC . Studiestrations ,94, in atrations ,96. The d toxins . Interesammation ,99. Sevetion [2S ,101. H2Se arrest ,103. Gen3.4.In addition to transforming nutrients, bacteria also affect CRC by producing carcinogenic metabolites or toxic factors. These toxins can be characterized by genotoxicity, pro-inflammatory, and epithelial infiltration, and can induce and promote CRC occurrence. The commonly held belief is that there is a complex interaction between bacterial toxins and CRC occurrence.Enterotoxigenic bacteria fragilis (ETBF) produces, is a 20kDa zinc-dependent metalloproteinase toxin with three isotypes , all of which demonstrate similar biological activity [B.fragilis toxin (BFT), which is the main virulence factor activity . BFT indactivity , while tactivity . BFT alsactivity . Bacteriactivity , and SMOactivity .Stat3 is a multifunctional transcription factor in which affects the pathogenesis of autoimmunity by binding to numerous genes that are associated with Th17 cell division, activation, and multiplication, while mediating expression and epigenetic alterations . BFT canfusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), regulating the adhesion and invasions of bacteria. The expression of FadA gene was obviously increased in CRC patient specimens in comparison to normal tissues [The cell surface protein FadA is a key poison factor for  tissues . It exis tissues . Intrins tissues . The bin tissues . FadA ca tissues . FadAc s tissues .Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other gram-negative bacteria in the large intestine and directly damage DNA [E. coli, actinomycetes, shigella dysentery, and helicobacter pylori [campylobacter jejuni induces. CDT-derived campylobacter jejuni cause injury to host cell DNA, and promote colorectal tumorigenesis by triggering cell multiplication and the enhancing of nuclear translocation of \u03b2-catenin protein [The main toxins that intestinal bacteria produce are colistin and CDT , which are made by mage DNA ,122,123.mage DNA . Certainmage DNA ,126. Colmage DNA . Bacterimage DNA . CDT arer pylori . The genr pylori . CdtA anr pylori . CDT canr pylori . CDT has protein .4.bifidobacterium long and bifidobacterium short can improve cancer control, significantly reduce tumor progression and enhance the PD-L1 blocking antibody\u2019s anticancer effect [Colorectal cancer is a multifactorial disease and microbial dysbiosis in the human gut that has been identified as a danger factor for CRC . Althougr effect . It has r effect . AlthougTo summarize, gut microbes\u2019 products can play an important role in the prevention of CRC  or the p"}
{"text": "Several treatments are available for treatment of early and very early-stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma, also known as small Hepatocellular Carcinoma (SHCC). However, there is no consensus with regards to the efficacies of these methods. We aimed at identifying the most effective initial treatment strategy for SHCC through Bayesian network meta-analyses.Studies published between January, 2010, and February, 2021 were searched in EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of science databases, and conference proceedings for trials. The included studies reported the survival outcomes of very early and early Hepatocellular Carcinoma patients subjected to radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA),\u00a0surgical resection (SR), transarterial chemoembolization (TACE), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), minimally invasive liver surgery (MIS), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and cryoablation (CA). Then, data were extracted from studies that met the inclusion criteria. Patient survival data were retrieved from the published Kaplan\u2013Meier curves and pooled. A Bayesian random-effects model was used to combine direct and indirect evidence.A total of 2058 articles were retrieved and screened, from which 45 studies assessing the efficacies of 8 different treatments in 11,364 patients were selected. The included studies had high methodological quality. Recurrence free survival*  and overall survival (OS) outcomes were highest in MIS-treated patients , followed by SR-treated patients . TACE was highly efficacious (58.9%) at decreasing the rates of major complications. Similar findings were obtained through sensitivity analysis, and in most of the prognostic subgroups.MIS and SR exhibited the highest clinical efficacies, however, they were associated with higher rates of complications. Ablation is effective in small tumors, whereas SBRT is a relatively promising treatment option for SHCC. More well-designed, large-scale randomized controlled trials should be performed to validate our findings.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02365-1. Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most prevalent tumor and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths . Due to The most common therapeutic strategies for SHCC include surgery ), ablation (such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA)), microwave ablation (MWA), cryotherapy ablation (CRA), percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), non-catheter based therapies, such as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and catheter based embolic therapies such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment option for SHCC  . HoweverAblation induces the necrosis of neoplastic cells by modifying the local temperature. This strategy is associated with several advantages, including minimal invasiveness, high safety, cost-effectiveness, and reproducibility. RFA is the most common ablative technique and, in selected patients, it has been shown to exhibit comparable efficacies to surgery. It is an effective replacement therapy for SHCC . In receTherefore, there is no consensus on optimal treatment options for very early or early-stage HCC. In cases where large clinical trials with multiple comparator arms are not available, bayesian network meta-analysis can be used to compare different treatment methods to identify the most effective approach . A randoAll procedures in this meta-analysis were performed in accordance with PRISMA  guidelines . RelevanEligibility criteria included the study population, intervention, comparison, outcome, and study design (PICOS) . i. The The exclusion criteria were: i. Case reports, letters to the editor, editorials and reviews were excluded; ii. Studies that focused on large HCC, intrahepatic recurrent small HCC, small HCC with extrahepatic\u00a0metastases or vascular invasions, as well as those that focused on Child\u2013Pugh classification of C or above; iii. Studies that did not report the relevant outcomes, and iv. Studies whose reported data were replicated in already included studies were excluded.Duplicates were excluded and titles as well as abstracts of the retrieved articles independently screened by two investigators (SY and HPL) using Endnote 7X  to determine if they met the inclusion criteria. Full texts of the selected articles were reviewed to determine if they were eligible for inclusion in the analysis. Two authors (SY and JNS) extracted and summarized the data from included studies, including first author names, publication dates, study settings, study designs, mean duration of follow-up, general characteristics, disease characteristics, OS, RFS, DFS and major complication rates. Any disagreements were resolved by consultations with senior authors.The quality of non-randomized trials was independently evaluated by two investigators using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale . Each stIn this meta-analysis, RFS, PFS, DFS and TFS were combined and redefined as RFS*. DFS was the time from randomization to tumor recurrence or death. PFS was the time between randomization and death or progression  . TFS wasNetwork meta-analysis (NMA) was performed using natural log transformations of Hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to estimate standard errors (SEs), which consider the number and time of events. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CI were used to determine effect sizes for OS, RFS and DFS. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CI were calculated to determine the effect sizes of major complication rates.2 value\u2009>\u200950% indicated a significant level of heterogeneity, therefore, sensitivity analyses were conducted by omitting one study at a time to identify heterogeneity sources [A network-node plot of comparisons was generated to indicate the number of trials that formed direct comparisons between treatment groups. RFA was used as the common parameter for comparisons in order to include all trials within 1 framework. It was assumed that efficacy would not vary based on dosages or schemes. Results were validated using \u201cgemtc\u201d (version 0.8\u20138) in R (version 4.0.3) and JAGS (version 4.3.0) softwares with identical parameter settings. A random-effects consistency model was used for each outcome measure. Three independent Markov chains were established for running 100 000 interactions with 10 000 burn-in samples and 10 thinning rates. The process was conducted to obtain a posterior distribution. Model convergence of iterations was evaluated and visualized using trace plots and Brooks-Gelman-Rubin diagnostics. Global inconsistencies were not present, therefore, NMA was performed following the consistency framework . Node-sp sources . MultivaA total of 2058 potentially relevant articles were identified from database searches. Then, after removal of duplicates at the initial stage of title and abstract reviews, 1208 articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Full-texts for 259 articles were retrieved for detailed reviews and assessments. Notably, a total of 214 records were excluded, and 45 articles \u201385 involThe included studies showed a high methodological quality. Analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration tool showed a low risk of bias for the 10 randomized trials.\u00a0The 35 non-randomized studies were of high quality . Details on quality assessments of randomized and non-randomized studies are presented in Additional file The NMA of interventional techniques for very early or early-stage HCC was conducted using the R-software Fig.\u00a0. The resOS was reported in 43 trials. The HR and the corresponding 95% CI of OS were calculated after different treatments. Pooling of HRs for OS revealed a significant advantage for surgery, including SR and MIS, compared to RFA in network meta-analysis . Pooling of HRs for OS showed a statistically significant advantage for SR, compared to MWA , TACE  and RFA . Pooling of HRs for OS showed a statistically significant advantage for MIS compared to MWA , TACE  and RFA . Analysis of OS for patients subjected to ablative electrochemical therapies and non-ablative treatment revealed a high efficacy for MWA, PEI, CRA and SBRT, while the effectiveness of TACE was low, relative to that of RFA. However, differences in OS outcomes after treatment with these therapeutic approaches were not significant. Compared to SR, MIS was associated with better OS outcomes , however differences were not significant  and 0.48 (95% CI 0.36\u20130.64), respectively, indicating a significant advantage compared to RFA. It was established that SBRT and CRA had better efficacies, whereas TACE was associated with poor RFS*, compared to RFA, however, the differences were not significant. Notably, RFA and MWA exhibited the same RFS. Pooling of HRs for RFS* revealed a significant advantage for SR, compared to MWA  and TACE . In addition, pooling of HRs for RFS revealed a statistically significant advantage for MIS, compared to MWA , TACE  and CRA . All other treatments exhibited significant advantages, relative to TACE  was significantly associated with more severe complications, compared to RFA- and MWA-associated complications. Moreover, TACE  and SBRT  were associated with significantly less severe complications, compared to TACE. Furthermore, pooled RR revealed a significant advantage for TACE, compared to MWA   and study designs (RCT and Non-RCT) with RFS as the endpoint. Moreover, subgroup analyses were conducted according to tumor sizes (HCCs\u2009\u2264\u20093\u00a0cm and\u2009\u2264\u20095\u00a0cm) and study designs (RCT and Non-RCT) with OS as the endpoint. Studies that reported on OS outcomes were assigned into\u2009\u2264\u20093\u00a0cm (10 studies) and\u2009\u2264\u20095\u00a0cm (20 studies) subgroups. Pooled data showed significant benefits for SR, compared to RFA  for HCC\u2009\u2264\u20095\u00a0cm  and MIS   staging system. Bayesian network meta-analysis showed that MIS and SR exhibited better OS and RFS outcomes, relative to the other non-surgical treatment methods. In addition, MIS was associated with better outcomes, compared to SR while SBRT was more effective at increasing RFS outcomes, relative to the other non-surgical treatment approaches, whereas TACE was associated with significantly poor RFS* outcomes, compared to the other six treatment methods. Subgroup analysis revealed that RFA was more effective in patients with small nodules (<\u20092\u00a0cm or 3\u00a0cm in diameter). Notably, tumor nodule sizes were the main causes of heterogeneity. Borderline observations were made between MIS and CRA for OS , and between MIS and SR for RFS* . Studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to verify these findings. Findings from RCT and non-RCT subgroups were consistent with these findings. Subgroup analyses based on liver status (Child\u2013Pugh score) , AFP, vaEORTC developed clinical practice guidelines that recommend SR and MIS as first line treatment options for SHCC , 90. SurA network meta-analysis by\u00a0Lin et al.  analyzedThis study has several strengths and a few limitations. i. The strength of this study is that cumulative OS and RFS were compared by calculating HRs (hazard rates), which are the most appropriate parameters for determining time-dependent outcomes , 111. HoThe findings of this network meta-analysis indicated that MIS and SR exhibit high clinical efficacies, however, these two approaches are correlated with a high number of complications. Ablation is highly effective for small tumors, whereas SBRT is more effective when compared to other ablation treatments in some cases. This indicates that SBRT is a relatively promising treatment for HCC. Subgroup analysis indicated that further studies should explore indications for different treatments. Moreover, well-designed, large-scale randomized controlled trials should be conducted to validate the findings of this study.Additional file 1: Figure S1: Quality assessment of included RCTs using Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool. RCTs: randomized controlled trials.Additional file 2: Figure S2. Funnel plot showing standard error by RR for major complication rates. RR: risk ratio.Additional file 3: Figure S3. Results on convergence of Gelman Rubin diagnostics. A: Results on OS; B: Results on RFS* ; C: Results on major complications rate. 1: RFA, 2: MWA, 3: SR, 4: TACE, 5: PEI, 6: MIS, 7: SBRT, 8: CRA. The level of adequacy of convergence of Gelman Rubin diagnostics approached 1 for all the three outcome parameters, indicating good convergence. OS: Overall Survival, RFS: recurrence-free survival, PFS: progression-free survival, DFS: disease free survival, TFS, tumor-free survival, RFA: radiofrequency ablation, MWA: microwave ablation, SR: surgical resection, TACE: transarterial chemoembolization, PEI: percutaneous ethanol injection, MIS: Minimally invasive liver surgery, SBRT: stereotactic body radiotherapy, CRA: cryotherapy ablation.Additional file 4: Figure S4. Forest plots showing relationships between different interventional methods and OS for subgroup analyses (HCCs tumor size \u2264 5 cm), compared to RFA and MWA. HR values and 95% CI were used. 1: RFA, 2: MWA, 3: SR, 6: MIS, 7: SBRT, 8: CRA. OS: Overall Survival, HCC: Hepatocellular Carcinoma, RFA: radiofrequency ablation, MWA: microwave ablation, HR: Hazard ratio, SR: surgical resection, MIS: Minimally invasive liver surgery, SBRT: stereotactic body radiotherapy, CRA: cryotherapy ablation.Additional file 5: Figure S5. Forest plots showing the relationship between different interventional methods and OS for subgroup analyses (HCCs tumor size \u2264 3 cm) compared to RFA. HR values and 95% CI were used for comparisons. 1: RFA, 3: SR, 4: TACE, 5: PEI, 6: MIS, 7: SBRT. OS: Overall Survival, HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma, RFA: radiofrequency ablation, HR: Hazard ratio, SR: surgical resection, TACE: transarterial chemoembolization, PEI: percutaneous ethanol injection, MIS: Minimally invasive liver surgery, SBRT: stereotactic body radiotherapy.Additional file 6: Figure S6. Forest plots showing the relationship between different interventional methods and OS for subgroup analyses (RCTs) compared to RFA. HR values and 95% CI were used for comparisons. 1: RFA, 2: MWA, 3: SR, 5: PEI, 8: CRA. OS: Overall Survival, RCTs: randomized controlled trials, RFA: radiofrequency ablation, HR: Hazard ratio, MWA: microwave ablation, SR: surgical resection, PEI: percutaneous ethanol injection, CRA: cryotherapy ablation.Additional file 7: Figure S7. Forest plots showing the relationship between different interventional approaches and OS for subgroup analyses (non-RCTs), compared to RFA and MWA. HR values and 95% CI were used for comparisons. 1: RFA, 2: MWA, 3: SR, 4: TACE, 6: MIS, 7: SBRT, 8: CRA. OS: Overall Survival, non-RCTs: non-randomized controlled trials, RFA: radiofrequency ablation, MWA: microwave ablation, HR: Hazard ratio, SR: surgical resection, TACE: transarterial chemoembolization, MIS: Minimally invasive liver surgery, SBRT: stereotactic body radiotherapy, CRA: cryotherapy ablation.Additional file 8: Figure S8. Forest plots showing the relationship between different interventional methods and DFS, compared to RFA and MWA. HR values and 95% CI were used for comparisons. 1: RFA, 2: MWA, 3: SR, 6: MIS, 7: SBRT. DFS: disease free survival, RFA: radiofrequency ablation, MWA: microwave ablation, HR: Hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, SR: surgical resection, MIS: Minimally invasive liver surgery, SBRT: stereotactic body radiotherapy.Additional file 9: Figure S9. Forest plots showing the relationship between different interventional methods and RFS, compared to RFA, MWA and CRA. HR values and 95% CI were used for comparisons. 1: RFA, 2: MWA, 3: SR, 4: TACE, 6: MIS, 7: SBRT, 8: CRA. RFS: recurrence-free survival, RFA: radiofrequency ablation, MWA: microwave ablation, HR: Hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, SR: surgical resection, TACE: transarterial chemoembolization, MIS: Minimally invasive liver surgery, SBRT: stereotactic body radiotherapy.Additional file 10: Figure S10. Forest plots showing the association between different interventional methods and RFS*  for subgroup analyses (RCTs), compared to RFA. HR values and 95% CI were used for comparisons. 1: RFA, 2: MWA, 3: SR, 8: CRA. RFS: recurrence-free survival, PFS: progression-free survival, DFS: disease free survival, TFS, tumor-free survival, RCTs: randomized controlled trials, RFA: radiofrequency ablation, HR: Hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, MWA: microwave ablation, SR: surgical resection, CRA: cryotherapy ablation.Additional file 11: Figure S11. Forest plots showing the association between different interventional methods and RFS*  for subgroup analyses (non-RCTs), compared to RFA and MWA. HR values and 95% CI were used for comparisons. 1: RFA, 2: MWA, 3: SR, 4: TACE, 6: MIS, 7: SBRT, 8: CRA. RFS: recurrence-free survival, PFS: progression-free survival, DFS: disease free survival, TFS, tumor-free survival, non-RCTs: non-randomized controlled trials, RFA: radiofrequency ablation, MWA: microwave ablation, HR: Hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, SR: surgical resection, TACE: transarterial chemoembolization, MIS: Minimally invasive liver surgery, SBRT: stereotactic body radiotherapy, CRA: cryotherapy ablation.Additional file 12: Figure S12. Forest plots showing the association between different interventional arms and RFS*  for subgroup analyses (HCCs tumor size \u2264 5 cm), compared to RFA and MWA. HR values and 95% CI were used for comparisons. 1: RFA, 2: MWA, 3: SR, 6: MIS, 7: SBRT, 8: CRA. RFS: recurrence-free survival, PFS: progression-free survival, DFS: disease free survival, TFS, tumor-free survival, HCC: Hepatocellular Carcinoma, RFA: radiofrequency ablation, MWA: microwave ablation, HR: Hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, SR: surgical resection, MIS: Minimally invasive liver surgery, SBRT: stereotactic body radiotherapy, CRA: cryotherapy ablation.Additional file 13: Figure S13. Forest plots showing the association between different interventional approaches and RFS*  for subgroup analyses (HCCs tumor size \u2264 3 cm), compared to TACE. HR values and 95% CI were used for comparisons. 1: RFA, 3: SR, 4: TACE, 6: MIS. RFS: recurrence-free survival, PFS: progression-free survival, DFS: disease free survival, TFS, tumor-free survival, HCC: Hepatocellular Carcinoma, TACE: transarterial chemoembolization, HR: Hazard ratio, CI: confidence interval, RFA: radiofrequency ablation, SR: surgical resection, MIS: Minimally invasive liver surgery.Additional file 14: Figure S14. Forest plots showing the association between different interventional methods and major complication rates in subgroup analyses (RCTs), compared to RFA. RR values and 95% CI were used for comparisons. 1: RFA, 2: MWA, 3: SR, 5: PEI, 8: CRA. RCTs: randomized controlled trials, RFA: radiofrequency ablation, RR: risk ratio, MWA: microwave ablation, SR: surgical resection, PEI: percutaneous ethanol injection, CRA: cryotherapy ablation.Additional file 15: Figure S15. Forest plots showing the association between different interventional approaches and major complications rate for subgroup analyses (non-RCTs), compared to RFA. RR values and 95% CI were used for comparisons. 1: RFA, 2: MWA, 3: SR, 4: TACE, 6: MIS, 7: SBRT, 8: CRA. non-RCTs: non-randomized controlled trials, RFA: radiofrequency ablation, RR: risk ratio, MWA: microwave ablation, SR: surgical resection, TACE: transarterial chemoembolization, MIS: Minimally invasive liver surgery, SBRT: stereotactic body radiotherapy, CRA: cryotherapy ablation.Additional file 15: Table S1. The inconsistent loops P-value for different comparisons."}
{"text": "Calotesmystaceus Dum\u00e9ril & Bibron, 1837 complex. Of the three new species, C.vindumbarbatus Wagner, Ihlow, Hartmann, Flecks, Schmitz & B\u00f6hme, 2021 was known only from northern Myanmar.Three new species were recently described from the Calotesvindumbarbatus from Myanmar with strong support and showed inappreciable genetic divergence from the type specimens of C.vindumbarbatus. We report the first country record of C.vindumbarbatus from China. In addition, a supplementary description, based on the newly-collected specimens and revised diagnosis of this species, was provided.Seven specimens of lizard were collected from Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, western Yunnan, China. Phylogenetically, these specimens clustered with the type specimens of  Calotesmystaceus, originally described from \u201cPays de Birmans\u201d (= Myanmar), was previously considered to be widely distributed from India, Myanmar, China, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam  which was measured using a string and a ruler. Morphological terminology followed Total genomic DNA was extracted from liver tissues with the universal protocol of DNA extraction . A regioSequences were aligned using ClustalW  with defWagner, Ihlow, Hartmann, Flecks, Schmitz & B\u00f6hme, 2021A540C62E-C105-57B7-A108-C0F7E17E15C5Type status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: KIZ 059299; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; locality: Nabang Town, Yingjiang County, Dehong Prefecture; verbatimElevation: 320 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24\u00b045'47\"N 97\u00b034'15\"E; Event: eventRemarks: collected by Shuo Liu on 5 September 2018; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimeType status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: KIZ 059176; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; locality: Nabang Town, Yingjiang County, Dehong Prefecture; verbatimElevation: 320 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24\u00b045'47\"N 97\u00b034'15\"E; Event: eventRemarks: collected by Shuo Liu on 5 September 2018; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimeType status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: KIZ20209131; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: juvenile; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; locality: Xueli Village, Taiping Town, Yingjiang County, Dehong Prefecture; verbatimElevation: 350 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24\u00b026'32\"N, 97\u00b033'4\"E; Event: eventRemarks: collected by Shuo Liu on 13 September 2020; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimeType status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: KIZ20209132; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: juvenile; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; locality: Xueli Village, Taiping Town, Yingjiang County, Dehong Prefecture; verbatimElevation: 350 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24\u00b026'32\"N, 97\u00b033'4\"E; Event: eventRemarks: collected by Shuo Liu on 13 September 2020; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimeType status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: KIZ20209133; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: juvenile; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; locality: Xueli Village, Taiping Town, Yingjiang County, Dehong Prefecture; verbatimElevation: 350 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24\u00b026'32\"N, 97\u00b033'4\"E; Event: eventRemarks: collected by Shuo Liu on 13 September 2020; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimeType status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: KIZ20209134; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: juvenile; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; locality: Xueli Village, Taiping Town, Yingjiang County, Dehong Prefecture; verbatimElevation: 350 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24\u00b026'32\"N, 97\u00b033'4\"E; Event: eventRemarks: collected by Shuo Liu on 13 September 2020; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimeType status:Other material. Occurrence: catalogNumber: KIZ20209135; individualCount: 1; lifeStage: juvenile; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; locality: Xueli Village, Taiping Town, Yingjiang County, Dehong Prefecture; verbatimElevation: 350 m; verbatimCoordinates: 24\u00b026'32\"N, 97\u00b033'4\"E; Event: eventRemarks: collected by Shuo Liu on 13 September 2020; Record Level: basisOfRecord: preserved specimeMorphometric and meristic data are presented in Table This species has a very strong ability to change the body colouration Fig. . UsuallyThe colourations of adult females are relatively dim. Usually, the ground colour of females is purple brown, there are dark longitudinal stripes on the chin region and dark reticulate stripes on the back and there are radial dark stripes around the eyes, the white stripe along the upper lip and the dorsolateral blotches are more indistinct. However, the females can also change their body colouration. The stripes on the back, chin region and around the eyes may become indistinct. The head, forelimbs and anterior half of the body may become bluish, the white stripe and dorsolateral blotches may become more distinct. However, the colourations of females are still not as bright as those of males.Calotes species of the complex, males with a known maximum SVL of 116.4 mm, females with a SVL of 97.2 mm. Tail length short, approximately twice the length of SVL. It can be distinguished from the other species of the complex by the combination of the following characters: 1) head and body robust, posterior parts of jaw angle slightly swollen in adult males, not swollen in female; 2) dorsal scales large, feebly keeled, pointing upwards and backwards, ventral scales small, parallel and strongly keeled; 3) body scales arranged in 50\u201356 rows around mid-body; 4) 18\u201322 lamellae on the fourth finger and 22\u201327 lamellae on the fourth toe; 5) 40\u201349 vertebral scales, nuchal crest developed in adults, dorsal crest developed in adult males, but undeveloped in females; 6) two short separated spines on each side above the tympanum and two shorter spines beside each of them; 7) oblique fold of skin in front of forelimb insertion distinct, covered with small granular dark scales; 8) the head, forelimbs and anterior half of the body blue in adult males, white stripe along the upper lip present, the posterior half of the body, hindlimbs and tail almost uniform brown; 9) 4\u20135 white blotches on each side of lateral body, gradually increasing brown blotches are present just on each white blotch, the first two are smaller than the white blotches and the rest almost covering the whole of the white blotches; 10) the colourations of adult females similar to those of males, but relatively dim; 11) nuchal and dorsal crest undeveloped in juveniles, the white stripe along the upper lip distinct, but the dorsolateral blotches indistinct and dark reticulate pattern present on the back in juveniles.A medium-sized Calotes, C.irawadi Zug, Brown, Schulte & Vindum, 2006 and C.emma Gray, 1845 were observed to be sympatric with this species.The specimens were found on the trunks beside roads during the day Fig.  and wereCalotesvindumbarbatus from Myanmar with strong support. The genetic distance (uncorrected p-distance) between the specimens from China and the type specimens of C.vindumbarbatus from Myanmar was only 0.9% , low nuchal and dorsal crest, no brownish dorsolateral blotches. Some of the newly-collected specimens of C.vindumbarbatus from western Yunnan agree well with these diagnoses; however, some of the newly-collected specimens of C.vindumbarbatus from western Yunnan have much larger body sizes (maximum SVL 116.4 mm), much longer nuchal and dorsal crest and obvious brown dorsolateral blotches. Therefore, we consider that the specimens of C.vindumbarbatus in According to Calotesvindumbarbatus was known previously only from northern Myanmar  to parts of southern and eastern India. Therefore, C.versicolor is also not distributed in China. C.irawadi in China. In conclusion, there are seven species of Calotes distributed in China to date, namely: C.emma Gray, 1845; C.goetzi Wagner, Ihlow, Hartmann, Flecks, Schmitz & B\u00f6hme, 2021; C.irawadi Zug, Brown, Schulte & Vindum, 2006; C.jerdoni G\u00fcnther, 1870; C.medogensis Zhao & Li, 1984; C.paulus ; and C.vindumbarbatus Wagner, Ihlow, Hartmann, Flecks, Schmitz & B\u00f6hme, 2021.Oriocalotes G\u00fcnther, 1864 was abolished and Diploderma Hallowell, 1861 was resurrected; therefore, the agamids in China still consist of 12 genera (The fauna of the agamids in China was analysed 10 years ago . Thereaf2 genera . In the 2 genera . However"}
{"text": "JAMIA Open, Volume 5, Issue 1, April 2022, ooab119,https://doi.org/10.1093/jamiaopen/ooab119In the originally published version of this manuscript, the title was incorrect.The incorrect title read:ATRI EDC: a novel cloud-native remote data capture system for large multicenter Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related dementias clinical trailsThis has now been corrected to:ATRI EDC: a novel cloud-native remote data capture system for large multicenter Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Alzheimer\u2019s disease-related dementias clinical trials"}
{"text": "Our hospital recommends ceftolozane/tazobactam (CT) as a broad-spectrum agent for treatment of Gram-negative bacilli in patients with a recent or current multidrug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas infection. CT is utilized in patients who are on renal replacement therapy (RRT) yet little data exist on the efficacy in this population. Currently there are no FDA-approved dosing recommendations for patients on continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD). The purpose of this study was to describe the indications, dosing and outcomes of patients on CT while receiving RRT.All patients receiving CT from 2015-20 were included if on RRT, either CVVHD or intermittent hemodialysis (iHD). Clinical success was defined as the absence of pre-treatment signs/symptoms and/or no escalated antibiotic treatment within 48 hours of completing therapy. 30-day mortality was defined as death from any cause within 30 days of CT completion. Patients treated after 2019 approval of higher dosing for hospital-associated/ventilator-acquired pneumonia (HAP/VAP) were noted.17 patients received 24 courses of CT while on RRT, 9 (53%) were immunocompromised. All patients were treated in the ICU for an MDR Pseudomonas infection. As shown in table 1, the most common indications were 49% HAP/VAP, 17% complicated intra-abdominal (cIAI), or 17% urinary tract infections (cUTI). 4 (24%) patients had additional treatment courses of CT started empirically when infection was suspected. Median time to initiation for all courses was 2 days after obtaining cultures and median duration was 7 days. 12 patients were on CVVHD (median flow rate 2.5L/hr) and 7 were on iHD. 2 patients received iHD after CVVHD. Median dose while on CVVHD was 1500mg every 8 hours. The median dose on iHD was that approved by FDA for cIAI and cUTI: 750mg x1 followed by 150mg every 8 hours. Clinical success was achieved in 12 (71%) patients and 30-day mortality was 8 (47%). Table 1: Details on first courses of CT for patients on RRT*Denotes treatment after 2019 FDA approval of 3g q8h for treatment of HAP/VAP in patients with normal renal function **Flow rate: Medium 1.5-2L/hr; High: >2.5L/hr +NA denotes patient that had passed away and therefore additional C/T courses were not applicableThis case series provides real-world results of outcomes for critically ill patients on RRT treated with CT. Clinical success rates were similar to other published literature despite the severity of illness of this cohort, which is corroborated by the high 30 day, all-cause mortality. Ultimately, further evaluation of CT dosing in patients on RRT is warranted. Laura A. Puzniak, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee) Kelly Harris, PharmD, BCPS, Merck & Co. Inc (Employee) Trevor C. Van Schooneveld, MD, FACP, BioFire  Involved: Self): Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator; Insmed  Involved: Self): Scientific Research Study Investigator; Merck  Involved: Self): Scientific Research Study Investigator; Rebiotix  Involved: Self): Scientific Research Study Investigator Scott J. Bergman, PharmD, FCCP, FIDSA, BCPS, BCIDP, Merck & Co., Inc (Grant/Research Support) Scott J. Bergman, PharmD, FCCP, FIDSA, BCPS, BCIDP, Merck & Co., Inc  Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support"}
{"text": "Solid organ transplantation (SOT) profoundly impacts vulnerable recipients with chronic end organ diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare systems, including organ transplants. We aimed to evaluate the responses of SOT centers to COVID-19 at the beginning of the pandemic around the world.We conducted a web-based survey amongst transplant centers, sent to members of The American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice Group, between April and May 2020. The survey included basic information of each transplant center (number and types of transplants in 2019), the countermeasures employed against COVID-19 such as timing of postponing of transplantation, and management of outpatient clinics including implementation of telemedicine and screening for in-person visits.A total of 65 centers from 19 countries responded (Table 1). Regarding the percentage of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 at the time of the survey, 39 (60%) centers reported < 10%, two centers reported > 80%. All centers reduced their services to some extent as shown in Table 2. Centers reported postponing living donor kidney transplant , deceased donor kidney transplant , living donor liver transplant , deceased donor liver transplant , lung transplant , heart transplant for LVAD  and non-LVAD patients . In March and April 2020, cancellation of pre- and post- transplant clinics were reported by 36/64 (56%) and 17/65 (26%) centers. Postponing clinic appointments were reported by 56/65 (86%) centers. Most institutions  used telemedicine. Screening for COVID-19 for clinic visits was done by telephone, in-person questionnaires and/or temperature checks. During the early phase of the pandemic, when management strategies were highly uncertain, non-urgent and living donor transplants were frequently postponed. Emergent liver transplants continued regardless. These findings could help us navigate SOT in future epidemics. Limitations included a small sample and lack of assessment of clinical outcomes from postponing SOT. Deepali Kumar, MD, MSc, FRCPC, Astellas  Involved: Self): Speakers\u2019 bureau; Atara Biotherapeutics  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; GSK  Involved: Self): Consultant, Grant/Research Support; Merck  Involved: Both Myself and my Spouse/Partner): Advisor or Review Panel member, Grant/Research Support; Oxford immunotec  Involved: Self): Consultant, Grant/Research Support; Pfizer  Involved: Self): Speakers\u2019 bureau; Roche  Involved: Self): Consultant, Grant/Research Support; Sanofi  Involved: Self): Advisor or Review Panel member; Shire/Takeda  Involved: Both Myself and my Spouse/Partner): Advisor or Review Panel member, Grant/Research Support Lara Danziger-Isakov, MD, MPH, Ansun  Involved: Self): Scientific Research Study Investigator; Astellas  Involved: Self): Scientific Research Study Investigator; Merck  Involved: Self): Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator; Pfizer  Involved: Self): Scientific Research Study Investigator; Shire  Involved: Self): Consultant, Scientific Research Study Investigator; Viracor: Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "There are errors in three equations in Reference 51:Reynolds AM, Sword GA, Simpson SJ, Reynolds DR. Predator percolation, insect outbreaks, and phase polyphenism. Current Biology. 2009;19(1):20-24. pmid:19097898S1 AppendixThe full detailed derivation of the flux terms based on local interactions given in the model derivation section.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S3 AppendixThe full detailed derivation of the numerical scheme used for simulating the numerical results.(PDF)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-020-58516-3 and 10.1038/s41598-019-44290-4, published online 30 January 2020\u00a0and 28 May 2019, respectively.Correction to: Due to a file provision error, the Publisher Correction for the original Article \"Spatial distribution freshwater crustaceans in Antarctic and Subantarctic lakes\" contained further errors in Table 1.The endemic species (* or **), authority name and year of each species was omitted.Acanthocyclops michaelseni and Tropocyclops prasinus. Acanthocyclops michaelseni was synonymized to Diacyclops michaelseni and Tropocyclops prasinus was described by Pugh et al. (2002)10. Tropocyclops prasinus currently includes 12 subspecies, of which Tropocyclops prasinus prasinus is the subspecies described for the Falkland Islands.In addition, the authors detected taxonomic errors in the species Acanthocyclops michaelseni\u201d should read: \u201cDiacyclops michaelseni **\u201dAs a result, under subheading \u201cCyclopoida\u201d, species \u201cTropocyclops prasinus\" should read: \"Tropocyclops prasinus prasinus .\u201dUnder the same subheading, \"Table 1 legend,10 and Dartnall et al. 20176.\u201d\u201cPresence/absence matrix of crustaceans in lakes of each study province , based on Pugh et al. 2002should read:10 and Dartnall et al. 20176. Provinces: CA, Continental Antarctic; MA, Maritime Antarctic; SA, Subantarctic islands; SCT, Southern Cool Temperate. Regions: En, Enderby; Wi, Wilkes; Sc, Scott; So, South Orkney Islands; Ss South Shetland Islands; Pa, Antarctic Peninsula; Sg, South Georgia; Pe, Prince Edward Island; Cr, Iles Crozet; Kr, Iles Kerguelen; Hd, Heard Island; Mc, Macquarie Island; Fa, Falkland/Malvinas Islands; Ca, Campbell Island; Ak, Auckland Island. Underlined species: Endemic from one biogeographic province; *Endemic from two or more biogeographic provinces; **Endemic from one region within a province.\u201d\u201cPresence/absence matrix of crustacean taxa in lakes of each study region based on Pugh et al. 2002The correct Table"}
{"text": "Despite widespread use, the optimal implementation and clinical impact of FilmArray Meningitis Encephalitis Panel  multiplex PCR testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in children with suspected (CNS) infections is unknown.Table 1: FilmArray Meningitis Encephalitis Panel Test Characteristicsst dose of antimicrobials targeted to identified pathogen, or cessation when no treatable pathogen identified).A pre-post quasi-experimental cohort study to investigate the impact of implementing MEP using a rapid CSF diagnostic stewardship program was conducted at Children\u2019s Hospital Colorado (CHCO). MEP was implemented with EMR indication selection to guide testing to children meeting approved use criteria: i. infants < 2mo, ii. immunocompromised, iii. encephalitis, iv. > 5 WBCs in CSF. Positive results were communicated with antimicrobial stewardship real-time decision support . All cases with CSF obtained by lumbar puncture (LP) sent to the CHCO microbiology laboratory meeting any of the 4 criteria above were included with pre-implementation controls (2015-2016) compared to post-implementation cases (2017-2018). Primary outcome was time-to-optimal antimicrobials  and pre-implementation (n=1124) group characteristics are in Table 2. Following implementation, MEP was sent in 72% of cases, largely replacing pathogen-specific singleplex CSF testing (Table 3). Time-to-optimal antimicrobials decreased by 10 hours . There were no differences in time-to-effective antimicrobials, hospital admissions, antimicrobial starts or length of stay. Time-to-positive CSF results was faster , IV antimicrobial duration was shorter  with infectious neurologic diagnoses more frequently identified . Overall, 3% had bacterial and 9% viral CNS infection identified. Enterovirus (n=128) was most common, then HSV (n=28) and parechovirus (n=17) with similar detection rates between groupsImplementation of MEP with a rapid CNS diagnostic stewardship program improved antimicrobial use with faster results shortening empiric therapy. Routine MEP testing in high-yield cases rapidly detects common viral causes and rules out bacterial targets to enable antimicrobial optimizationSamuel R. Dominguez, MD, PhD, BioFire Diagnostics DiaSorin Molecular (Consultant)Pfizer (Grant/Research Support) Samuel R. Dominguez, MD, PhD, BioFire  Involved: Self): Consultant, Research Grant or Support; DiaSorin Molecular  Involved: Self): Consultant; Pfizer  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support"}
{"text": "The botanical exploration of the Majella National Park has a long tradition dating back to the eighteenth century. However, the lichen biota of this area is still poorly investigated. To provide a baseline for future investigations, in this annotated checklist, we summarised all available information on the occurrence of lichens in the Majella National Park, retrieved from previous literature, herbarium material and original data produced by recent research.The checklist includes 342 infrageneric taxa. However, seven taxa are considered as dubious, thus setting the number of accepted taxa at 335, i.e. 45.8% of those currently known to occur in the Abruzzo Region. This checklist provides a baseline of the lichens known to occur in the Majella National Park, highlighting the potential of this area as a hotspot of lichen biodiversity, especially from a biogeographical point of view as indicated by the occurrence of several arctic-alpine species that form disjunct populations in the summit area of the massif. The botanical exploration of the Majella National Park has a long tradition dating back to the eighteenth century, which has provided the basis for the compilation of a recent checklist of vascular plants including 2286 infrageneric taxa . This maTSB herbarium, in at least five localities distributed along a steep elevational gradient, from 500 to 2500 m, in the Majella National Park. Ten years later, On the other hand, the lichen biota of this area is still poorly investigated. Historical data are scanty, the main contribution being that by In 2017, a scientific collaboration started between the administration of the Majella National Park  and the University of Bologna, under the project \u201cLichen biodiversity in the Majella National Park\u201d, with the aim of contributing to fill this knowledge gap. Besides pure floristic explorations e.g. , the resTo provide a baseline for future investigations, in this annotated checklist, we have summarised all available information on the occurrence of lichens in the Majella National Park, retrieved from previous literature, herbarium material and original data produced by our research. In this checklist, very few lichenicolous fungi are included. To be treated exhaustively, this component would require specific investigations.MNP) is located in the central Apennines, Italy, and was established in 1995 by National Law 1991, n. 394, to preserve, protect and enhance the high value of the inherent natural, historical and cultural resources of the area. The Park consists mainly of carbonate mountains, separated by valleys and karst high plateaus, with a broad altitudinal range . The Majella massif has more than 60 peaks, with half of them rising above 2,000 m and includes the second highest peak in the Apennines, Mount Amaro . From a bioclimatic point of view, the study area is included in the alpine biogeographical region (SPA) for the conservation of wild birds (established by the Birds Directive 79/409/EEC). Furthermore, within the Park, there are four Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), established by the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC ;217 records stored in on-line available herbaria, mainly from TSB (Herbarium of the University of Trieste);reliable field observations related to our research project (e.g. only in the case of easily-identifiable species) recorded between 2017 and 2019 (100 records);845 herbarium records  related to our research project collected between 2017 and 2019.All these records were georeferenced and stored in a database.C09 , J74 , N19 (NAP (Herbarium of the University of Naples), NT99 (R20 (RV96 (T15 (TSB (Herbarium of the University of Trieste).The following abbreviations were used for the sources of occurrence data: C09 , C73 , J74 , J11 , N19 , NAP (Hes), NT99 , R20  was based on standardised thin-layer chromatography (TLC), following the protocols of Orange et al. (2001).The specimens collected during our project were identified in the laboratory using a dissecting and a compound microscope. Routine chemical spot tests were performed for most specimens. The identification of sterile crustose lichens , which is mainly based on the checklist of the Italian lichens by Taxa are listed alphabetically. For each taxon, the accepted name, all available records, the altitudinal distribution, habitat preference and/or substrate are reported, whenever information is available. A short note  is associated with each noteworthy taxon (e.g. taxa which are new to the region and/or of particular biogeographic or conservation importance). Dubious records are reported at the end of the checklist. For each record, a critical note accounting for the \u201cdubious status\u201d is reported.The checklist includes 342 infrageneric taxa. However, seven taxa are considered as dubious, thus setting the number of accepted taxa at 335, i.e. 45.8% of the those currently known to occur in the Abruzzo Region. In the following, the main traits of the lichen biota are detailed:growth forms: five taxa (1.5%) are leprose, 199 (59.4%) are crustose , 16 (4.9%) are squamulose, 80 (23.9%) are foliose  and 34 (10.2%) are fruticose . Only four taxa (1.2%) are non-lichenised, lichenicolous fungi: Arthonia galactinaria, Carbonea vitellinaria, Merismatium decolorans and Opegrapha rupestris.photobionts (only lichenised taxa): 296 taxa (88.6%) are chlorolichens (282 with a chlorococcoid photobiont and 16 with a trentepohlioid photobiont), 37 taxa (11.2%) are cyanolichens (35 with a filamentous cyanobacterium and two with a coccaceous cyanobacterium), and one species (0.2%), Peltigera leucophlebia, is a cephalolichen with both a chlorococcoid and a cyanobacterial  photobiont.main reproductive strategies: 257 taxa (76.8%) mainly disperse by sexual reproduction, forming ascospores in apothecia or perithecia, while 77 taxa (23.2%) disperse by asexual reproduction .substrates: 122 taxa (36.6%) are mainly epiphytic, four (1.2%) mainly lignicolous, 126 (38.1%) mainly saxicolous, 78 (22.8%) mainly terricolous and five (1.3%) are lichenicolous on saxicolous lichens: Placocarpus schaereri on Protoparmeliopsis versicolor, Placopyrenium canellum on Circinaria calcarea, Verrucula biatorinaria on Calogaya biatorina, Verrucula coccinearia on Caloplaca coccinea and Verrucula granulosaria on Flavoplaca granulosa. Some species can occur on more than one substrate.Arthrorhaphiscitrinella, Biatorellahemisphaerica, Blasteniaammiospila, Blasteniasubathallina, Calogayabryochrysion, Circinariahispida, Cladoniacariosa, Gyalolechiabracteata, Heppiaadglutinata, Myriolecisperpruinosa, Peltigeraelisabethae, Peltigeralepidophora, Ramonialuteola, Rinodinaroscida, Rostaniaceranisca, Scytiniumimbricatum, Solorinabisporasubsp.macrospora, Toniniasubnitida, Toniniopsiscoelestina and Trapeliopsisgelatinosa. Additionally, Scoliciosporumumbrinumvar.corticicolum is formally new to Italy (see note below), while Halecanialecanorina is formally new to Abruzzo on the basis of an old literature record that is accepted here (see note).The checklist includes several noteworthy taxa, expecially from a biogeographical perspective. Twenty taxa are new to the Abruzzo Region: Thelidiumdionantense), while 16 taxa are the only records for both peninsular and central Italy .One taxon is known to occur in Italy only for the record reported here  have an arctic-alpine distribution, several of them being at their southernmost distribution limit in Italy, or even in Europe, as in the case of Allocetrariamadreporiformis and Caloplacacacuminum.Twenty-six taxa  and its scattered Western European populations .The record of the steppic lichen Calogayalobulata (VU), Cetreliaolivetorum (NT), Enchyliumligerinum (NT), Eopyrenulaleucoplaca (NT), Gyalectaulmi (NT), Heterodermiaspeciosa (NT), Leptogiumhildenbrandii (NT), Lobariapulmonaria (LC), Melaspileaenteroleuca (NT), Nephromaresupinatum (NT), Parmeliellatriptophylla (NT), Ramonialuteola (VU) and Sclerophorapallida (VU).Finally, thirteen epiphytic taxa are of conservation interest, being included in the Red List of epiphytic lichens of Italy : CalogayAcarosporacervina A. Massal.NT99); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the montane (1000 m: NT99) to the alpine (2420 m: JN) belt. On rock (JN).Roccacaramanico (Acarosporaglaucocarpa (Ach.) K\u00f6rb.J74). \u2013 This record is the only one available from Abruzzo  Bagl.NT99). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2500 m: NT99). \u2013 Previously reported from Abruzzo only by Grillo and Romano (1987) from the Abruzzo National Park.M. Focalone, near Bivacco Fusco (Acrocordiaconoidea(Fr.)K\u00f6rb.var.conoideaNT99); below the Maielletta (TSB: 2005); road between Lettomanoppello and Passo Lanciano (TSB: 2005). \u2013 In the montane belt (1080\u20131350 m: TSB). In a beech forest (TSB). On calcareous rock (TSB).Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Acrocordiagemmata(Ach.)A. Massal.var.gemmataTSB: 1996); Val di Foro (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the lower (970 m: JN) to the upper montane belt (1360 m: TSB). On bark of Fagus .Valico della Forchetta (Agonimiagelatinosa (Ach.) M. Brand & DiederichT15; TSB: 2005); Femmina Morta (JN: 2017). \u2013 In the subalpine belt . In calcareous grasslands . On organic soil . \u2013 These are the only known records for Abruzzo and peninsular Italy and, thus, also the southernmost ones in Italy  Zahlbr.NT99); at 20 sites along the main ridge of the Majella massif between 2139 and 2664 m . \u2013 From the montane (1000 m: NT99) to the alpine (2664 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN).Roccacaramanico (Allocetrariamadreporiformis (Ach.) K\u00e4rnefelt & A. ThellC73; J11); Tavola Rotonda (JN: 2017); Vetta Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); Colle d\u2019Acquaviva (JN: 2017); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2016); M. Macellaro ; between Iaccione and Piano Amaro (JN: 2017); Piano Amaro (JN: 2017); Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); Sella di Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); between Grotta Canosa and M. Amaro (JN: 2017); M. Amaro (JN: 2017); between M. Acquaviva and M. Focalone (JN: 2017); Cima dell\u2019Altare (JN: 2017); at five sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2322 and 2664 m . \u2013 From the subalpine (2207 m: JN) to the alpine (2750 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 These records are the southernmost ones in Europe (cf. M. Amaro (rope cf.  and confrope cf. . Accordirope cf. .Alyxoriavaria (Pers.) Ertz & TehlerJN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1350 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre , Fagus  and Quercuspubescens (JN).Guesthouse of Lama dei Peligni (Amandineapunctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid.C73); at two sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1825 and 2091 m (JN: 2019). \u2013 In the subalpine belt (1825\u20132091 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On plant debris (JN).Majella (Anaptychiaciliaris (L.) A. Massal.C73; J74); Valico della Forchetta (TSB: 1996); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); Cansano (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1434 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Acerpseudoplatanus , Fagus  and Quercuscerris (JN).Majella  Th. Fr.NT99; TSB: 1997). \u2013 In the colline belt . On bark of Fraxinusornus (TSB). \u2013 This is the only known record for Abruzzo (Hermitage of M. Morrone ( Abruzzo .Arthoniaatra (Pers.) A. Schneid.N19; JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Fagus .Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio  Ertz & DiederichNT99). \u2013 In the montane belt (1200 m: NT99). \u2013 This is the only known record for Abruzzo . \u2013 In the montane belt (1080 m: T15). On calcareous rock (T15). \u2013 This is the only known record for Abruzzo  HeppJN: 2017). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2700 m: JN). On calcareous rock (JN).Anticima M. Acquaviva . \u2013 In the montane belt (1000 m: NT99). Parasite on Myriolecisdispersa (NT99). \u2013 This record was reported under Arthoniaclemens (Tul.) Th. Fr. by A.galactinaria, since A.clemens is recognised to parasitise only species of Rhizoplaca.Roccacaramanico (Arthoniamediella Nyl.JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Acercampestre  and Fagus (N19).Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio  Ach.NT99); Valico della Forchetta (TSB: 2016); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018); Centiata, Villaggio Mirastelle (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1200\u20131420 m: JN). On bark of Fagus .Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Arthrorhaphiscitrinella (Ach.) PoeltJN: 2019). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2582\u20132592 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo. These records are located between the main Italian range of the species on the Alps and the disjunct populations occurring on the highest mountains of Calabria and Sicily K\u00f6rb.subsp.verrucosaNT99; TSB: 1996); near Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2016); Sella di Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); at 13 sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1997 and 2664 m . \u2013 From the submontane (1997 m: JN) to the alpine (2664 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On bryophytes and plant debris (JN).Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus (Aspiciliaverrucosa(Ach.)K\u00f6rb.subsp.mutabilis (Ach.) Cl. RouxTSB). \u2013 In the lower montane belt (820 m: TSB). On bark of deciduous Quercus sp. (TSB).Caramanico  Arup, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & S\u00f8chtingC73; J74). \u2013 On calcareous rock (J74). \u2013 The historical records were not confirmed recently, but the record is considered as reliable, since this is a widespread species  S.Y. Kondr. & L. L\u00f6k\u00f6sNT99; TSB: 1996); near Martellose (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the montane  to the subalpine (2065 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .Roccacaramanico  Arup, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & S\u00f8chtingN19; JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Fagus .Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio  Arup, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & S\u00f8chtingNT99); Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus (NT99); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2016); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); at five sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2322 and 2634 m . \u2013 From the subalpine (2150 m: NT99) to the alpine (2634 m: JN) belt. On plant debris (JN).M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco (Bacidiaigniarii (Nyl.) OxnerR20). \u2013 In the colline belt (568 m: R20). On bark of Quercuspubescens (R20). \u2013 This record is the only one available from Abruzzo (Nimis and Martellos 2020).Vallone Grascito (Bacidiarubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal.N19; JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Fagus .Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio (Bacidinaarnoldiana (K\u00f6rb.) V. Wirth & V\u011bzdaNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock .Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo  Gueidan & Cl. RouxC09); Passo Lanciano (C09); Caramanico (C09); Lettomanoppello (C09); M. Blockhaus (C09). \u2013 From the colline (570 m: C09) to the subalpine (2170 m: C09) belt. In open shrublands (C09) and pastures (C09). On calcareous rock (C09).Passo S. Leonardo (Bagliettoamarmorea (Scop.) Gueidan & Cl. RouxC73; J74); Roccacaramanico (NT99); Passo S. Leonardo (C09); Caramanico (C09). \u2013 From the colline (570 m: C09) to the montane (1200 m: C09) belt. In pastures (C09) and open shrublands (C09). On calcareous rock (C09).Majella (Bagliettoaparmigera (J. Steiner) V\u011bzda & PoeltNT99). \u2013 In the montane belt (1000 m: NT99).Roccacaramanico (Bagliettoaparmigerella (Zahlbr.) V\u011bzda & PoeltNT99). \u2013 In the montane belt (1200 m: NT99).Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Biatorabeckhausii (K\u00f6rb.) Tuck.JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1200 m: JN). On bark of Fagus (JN).Val di Foro (Biatorellahemisphaerica AnziJN: 2016). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2600 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo. This is the southernmost record in Italy  Hafellner & CoppinsNT99); at three sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2073 and 2664 m . \u2013 From the subalpine (2073 m: JN) to the alpine (2664 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN).M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco (Bilimbiamicrocarpa (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr.JN: 2019). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2634 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN).At one site along the main ridge of Majella (Bilimbiasabuletorum (Schreb.) ArnoldNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On calcareous soil (TSB).Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus (Blasteniaammiospila (Ach.) Arup, S\u00f8chting & Fr\u00f6d\u00e9nJN: 2017). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2400 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On plant debris with Ochrolechiaandrogyna and Lecidellawulfenii (JN). This is a mainly arctic-alpine to boreal-montane, bipolar lichen and the record reported here is the southernmost in Italy. New to Abruzzo.Tavola Rotonda (Blasteniaferruginea (Huds.) A. Massal.NT99; TSB: 1997). \u2013 In the colline belt . On bark of Fraxinusornus (TSB).Hermitage of M. Morrone  Arup & Vondr\u00e1kJN: 2019). \u2013 In the subalpine belt (2025\u20132028 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On plant debris (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo. These are the first records from the Apennines and from peninsular Italy  Ot\u00e1lora, P.M. J\u00f8rg. & WedinJN: 2016); at one site along the main ridge of Majella (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2490\u20132579 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN).Above Bivacco Fusco (Bryoplacasinapisperma (DC.) S\u00f8chting, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & ArupC73); Campo di Giove (J74); at four sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2560 and 2640 m (JN: 2019). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2560\u20132640 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 These records from the Majella massif are the southernmost in Italy  Brodo & D. Hawksw.C73); Bosco di Pacentro (J74). \u2013 On bark (J74). \u2013 The historical record was not confirmed recently, but it is considered as reliable, since the ecological requirements of this species (Majella ( species  occur wiBuelliagriseovirens (Sm.) Almb.JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1200 m: JN). On bark of Fagus (JN).Val di Foro (Buelliaspuria (Schaer.) AnziC73); Campo di Giove (J74). \u2013 This is a silicicolous lichen . \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Fagus .Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio  Arup, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & S\u00f8chtingNT99; TSB: 1996); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the montane  to the alpine (2420 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico  Vondr\u00e1kJN: 2016). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2490: JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo. This species is currently known from the Alps and this is the southernmost record in Italy  Arup, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & S\u00f8chtingC73). \u2013 The historical record was not confirmed recently, but it is considered as reliable since the ecological requirements of this species  Arup, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & S\u00f8chtingC73; J74). \u2013 The historical records were not confirmed recently, but they are considered as reliable, since this is a widespread species  \u2013 provisionally placed here, ICN Art. 36.1bNT99; TSB: 1996); Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus . \u2013 From the subalpine  to the alpine  belt. On calcareous rock (TSB). \u2013 These records were reported under Caloplacaarnoldiisubsp.arnoldii by C.rouxii.M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco  Arup, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & S\u00f8chtingNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On saxicolous mosses (TSB).Roccacaramanico . \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On calcareous rock (TSB). \u2013 This is the only known record for Abruzzo and peninsular Italy  Th. Fr. s.lat.NT99; TSB: 1996); Valico della Forchetta (TSB: 1996); hermitage of M. Morrone ; Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Campo di Giove, Piano Cerreto (JN: 2018); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline  to the montane (1420 m: JN) belt. On bark of Fagus , Fraxinusornus (TSB), Quercuscerris (JN) and Ulmusminor (JN). \u2013 Caloplacacerina s. str. is an epiphytic species; the record from M. Blockhaus by C.stillicidiorum (see) and is not reported here.Roccacaramanico  PoeltNT99; TSB: 1996); Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus ; above Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016); M. d\u2019Ugni (JN: 2017); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the subalpine (1770 m: JN) to the alpine (2635 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco  ZwackhC73; J74); Roccacaramanico (NT99); Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2019). \u2013 From the colline (635 m: JN) to the montane (1000 m: NT99) belt. On concrete (JN).Majella  ZwackhNT99; TSB: 1997). \u2013 In the colline belt . On bark of Fraxinusornus (TSB).Hermitage of M. Morrone Dalla Torre & Sarnth.var.keissleri (Serv\u00edt) Clauzade & Cl. RouxNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus  LyngeNT99; TSB: 1996); Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus ; Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2016); above Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016); Sella di Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); at 30 sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1958 and 2681 m . \u2013 From the subalpine (1958 m: JN) to the alpine (2681 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On plant debris (JN) and calcareous soil (TSB).M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco  J. SteinerJN: 2019). \u2013 In the colline belt (635 m: JN). On concrete (JN).Lama dei Peligni (Candelariaconcolor (Dicks.) SteinC73; J74). \u2013 The historical records were not confirmed recently, but they are considered as reliable, since this is a very widespread species  Zahlbr.C73); Roccacaramanico ; M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco ; Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the montane  to the alpine  belt. On calcareous rock (TSB).Majella (Candelariellacommutata Otte & M. Westb.JN: 2019). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2634\u20132664 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 This species was previously reported from Abruzzo, as C.unilocularis, only from the Gran Sasso massif by At two sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2634 and 2664 m ; Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 In the montane belt (1350\u20131420 m: JN) belt. On bark of Fagus .Along the Strada Statale 164 (Candelariellamedians (Nyl.) A.L. Sm.NT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico (Candelariellareflexa (Nyl.) LettauRV96). \u2013 In the colline belt (370 m: RV96). On bark of Quercuspubescens (RV96).Tocco da Casauria, Osservanza (Candelariellavitellina (Hoffm.) M\u00fcll. Arg.NT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the alpine belt . On decalcified calcareous rock (TSB).M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco (Candelariellaxanthostigma (Ach.) LettauTSB: 1996); Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); at three sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1825 and 2350 m (JN: 2019). \u2013 From the montane (1360 m: TSB) to the alpine (2350 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On bark of Acerpseudoplatanus (JN), Fagus (TSB) and on plant debris (JN).Valico della Forchetta (Carboneavitellinaria (Nyl.) HertelNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the alpine belt . On decalcified calcareous rock (TSB). \u2013 A lichenicolous fungus growing on Candelariellavitellina  K\u00f6rb.JN: 2016); Sella di Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); Cima dell\u2019Altare (JN: 2017); at 20 sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2001 and 2660 m . \u2013 From the upper montane (1535 m: JN) to the alpine (2660 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN).Anticima M. Acquaviva  SteinJN: 2019). \u2013 In the subalpine belt (2018\u20132119 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 This species was previously reported from Abruzzo only from the Gran Sasso massif by At two sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2018 and 2119 m  Th. Fr.NT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Catillarianigroclavata (Nyl.) J. SteinerNT99; TSB: 1997). \u2013 In the colline belt . On bark of Fraxinusornus (TSB).Hermitage of M. Morrone  Arup, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & S\u00f8chtingR20). \u2013 In the colline belt (564 m: R20). On bark of Quercuspubescens (R20). \u2013 This record is the only one available from Abruzzo (Nimis and Martellos 2020).Vallone Grascito (Cetrariaaculeata (Schreb.) Fr.JN: 2019). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2322 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN).At one site along the main ridge of Majella (Cetrariaericetorum OpizJ74); M. Rapina (JN: 2017); Iaccione (JN: 2017); near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); at two sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1995 and 2020 m . \u2013 From the montane (1250 m: JN) to the alpine (2367 m: JN) belt. In dry grasslands (JN) and high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN).Femmina Morta (Cetrariaislandica(L.)Ach.subsp.islandicaC73); M. Amaro ; Femmina Morta ; M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco (NT99); above Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2016); Anfiteatro Murelle (JN: 2017); Guado di Coccia (JN: 2017); Tavola Rotonda (JN: 2017); Valle di Taranta (JN: 2017); Fondo di Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); trail \u201cSentiero P1\u201d (JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2017); between Iaccione and Piano Amaro (JN: 2017); between M. Amaro and Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); Sella di Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); Cima dell\u2019Altare (JN: 2017); Valle Cannella (JN: 2017); Rava del Ferro (JN: 2017); M. Focalone (JN: 2017); M. Pescofalcone (JN: 2017); between M. Pescofalcone and M. Rapina (JN: 2017); M. Rapina (JN: 2017); La Carozza (JN: 2017); Cima Murelle (JN: 2017); Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2017); Martellese (JN: 2017); M. Blockhaus (JN: 2017); at 19 sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1847 and 2765 m . \u2013 From the subalpine (1623 m: JN) to the alpine (2765 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN) and plant debris (JN).Majella (Cetrariamuricata (Ach.) EckfeldtJN: 2016); near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the montane (1250 m: JN) to the alpine (2600 m: JN) belt. In a dry grassland (JN). On soil (JN).Anticima M. Acquaviva (Cetreliaolivetorum (Nyl.) W. L. Culb. & C. F. Culb.RV96). \u2013 In the colline belt (630 m: RV96). On bark of Quercuspubescens (RV96). \u2013 One of the few confirmed records from central Italy  A. Nordin, Savi\u0107 & TibellJ74); Roccacaramanico ; hermitage of M. Morrone . \u2013 From the colline  to the montane  belt. On calcareous rock (TSB).Majella (Circinariahispida (Mereschk.) A. Nordin, Savi\u0107 & TibellJN: 2019). \u2013 In the subalpine belt (1997 m: JN). In open habitats (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo and to peninsular Italy  A. NordinNT99; TSB: 1996); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the montane  to the alpine (2420 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico  \u2013 provisionally placed here, ICN Art. 36.1bNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On decalcified calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico (Cladoniacariosa (Ach.) Spreng.JN: 2019). \u2013 In the subalpine belt (1847 m: JN). In open grasslands (JN). On calcareous soil (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo.At one site along the main ridge of Majella (Cladoniachlorophaea (Sommerf.) Spreng.N19; JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). In a beech forest (JN). On bark of Fagus .Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio (Cladoniaconiocraea (Fl\u00f6rke) Spreng.TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt (1360 m: TSB). On dead wood (TSB).Valico della Forchetta (Cladoniafimbriata (L.) Fr.NT99); summit ridge of M. Majella (JN: 2019). \u2013 From the montane (1200 m: NT99) to the subalpine (2091 m: JN) belt. On soil (JN).Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Cladoniafoliacea (Huds.) Willd.NT99; TSB: 1996); Valle di Fara (JN: 2017); Capo Le Macchie (JN: 2017); Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); Cansano (JN: 2018); Palena (GG: 2018). \u2013 From the lower (800 m: JN) to the upper montane (1250 m: JN) belt. In dry grasslands . On calcareous soil . \u2013 The calciphilous ecotype, which occurs in the study area, has been considered for long as a separate species, Cladoniaconvoluta (Lam.) Anders, but recent studies proved that it belongs to the same species as the acidophilous ecotype .Roccacaramanico (Cladoniafurcata(Huds.)Schrad.subsp.furcataJN); at two sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1995 and 2322 m (JN: 2019). \u2013 From the montane (1250 m: JN) to the subalpine (2322 m: JN) belt. In dry grasslands (JN) and high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN).Near Campo Giove (Cladoniafurcata(Huds.)Schrad.subsp.subrangiformis (L. Scriba ex Sandst.) Pi\u0161\u00fatNT99; TSB: 1996); Capo Le Macchie (JN: 2017). \u2013 In the montane belt . In calcareous dry grasslands (JN). On calcareous soil .Roccacaramanico (Cladoniahumilis (With.) J.R. LaundonC86; NAP: 1872). \u2013 This is the only known record for Abruzzo (Maiellone ( Abruzzo .Cladoniaochrochlora Fl\u00f6rkeJ74). \u2013 On soil (J74).Valle dell\u2019Orfento (Cladoniapocillum (Ach.) GrognotNT99; TSB: 1996); near Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016); near Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); Tavola Rotonda (JN: 2017); trail between Rifugio Pomilio and M. Blockhaus (GG: 2018); at seven sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2025 and 2640 m . \u2013 From the subalpine (1499 m: JN) to the alpine (2640 m: JN) belt. In open habitats, for example, grasslands . On calcareous soil .Blockhaus, Grotte di Celano . \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On calcareous soil . \u2013 This is the only known record for Abruzzo and peninsular Italy  Hoffm.J74); Campo di Giove ; at 13 sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1812 and 2645 m . \u2013 From the montane (1250 m: JN) to the alpine (2645 m: JN) belt. In open habitats, for example, grasslands (JN). On soil (JN).Majella (Cladoniarangiformis Hoffm.JN: 2017); trail between Lama dei Peligni and Rifugio Fonte Tar\u00ec (JN: 2017); Cansano (JN: 2018); Campo di Giove (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the lower (875 m: JN) to the upper montane (1250 m: JN) belt. In dry grasslands (JN). On soil (JN).Capo Le Macchie (Cladoniasymphycarpa (Fl\u00f6rke) Fr.RV96); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); Sella di Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); Valle di Taranta (JN: 2017); M. Blockhaus (GG: 2018); at 38 sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1847 and 2640 m . \u2013 From the subalpine (1650 m: JN) to the alpine (2640 m: JN) belt. In calcareous grasslands  and high-altitude open habitats (JN). On calcareous soil .Fara San Martino, Vallone di Santo Spirito (Clauzadeametzleri (K\u00f6rb.) D. Hawksw.NT99; TSB: 1996); Roccacaramanico . \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Clauzadeamonticola (Schaer.) Hafellner & Bellem.NT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB). \u2013 The only other record of this common species from Abruzzo is from the Gran Sasso massif (Roccacaramanico (o massif .Collemaflaccidum (Ach.) Ach.TSB: 1996); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Val di Foro (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1200\u20131350: JN). On bark of Acercampestre (N19) and Fagus .Valico della Forchetta (Collemafurfuraceum Du RietzJN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1350 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre , Acerpseudoplatanus (N19) and Fagus .Lama dei Peligni (Collemanigrescens (Huds.) DC.TSB). \u2013 In the colline belt (468 m: TSB). On bark of Quercus sp. (TSB).Caramanico, S. Tommaso . \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Acercampestre (N19) and Fagus .Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio (Collemasubnigrescens Degel.JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1350 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre (N19) and Fagus .Lama dei Peligni (Dacampiahookeri (Borrer) A. Massal.T15; TSB: 2005); Majella, Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016). \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On organic soil . \u2013 This is the only known record for Abruzzo and central Italy  W. MannC73); ford of S. Antonio (J74); M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco (NT99); Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus (NT99); between Grotta Canosa and M. Amaro (JN: 2017); M. Amaro (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the subalpine (2150 m: NT99) to the alpine (2700 m: JN) belt. On rock (JN).Majella (Diploschistesgypsaceus (Ach.) Zahlbr.C73; J74). \u2013 The historical records were not confirmed recently, but they are considered as reliable, since the ecological conditions required by this species  Flot.N19; JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Fagus (JN).Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio (Diplotommahedinii (H. Magn.) P. Clerc & Cl. RouxNT99; TSB: 1996); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the subalpine  to the alpine (2420 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus (Diplotommavenustum (K\u00f6rb.) K\u00f6rb.NT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock .Roccacaramanico (Enchyliumligerinum (Hy) Ot\u00e1lora, P.M. J\u00f8rg. & WedinJN: 2017). \u2013 In the colline belt (600 m: JN). On bark of Quercuspubescens (JN). \u2013 The species is included in the Italian Red List of epiphytic lichens as \u201cnear-threatened\u201d (Lama dei Peligni (eatened\u201d .Enchyliumlimosum (Ach.) Ot\u00e1lora, P.M. J\u00f8rg. & WedinC73); Valle dell\u2019Orfento (J74). \u2013 The historical records were not confirmed recently, but they are considered as reliable, since the ecological conditions required by this species (Majella ( species  occur wiEnchyliumpolycarpon (Hoffm.) Ot\u00e1lora, P.M. J\u00f8rg. & Wedin subsp. polycarponJN: 2016); Cima dell\u2019Altare (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the subalpine (1535 m: JN) to the alpine (2600 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock (JN).Anticima M. Acquaviva (Enchyliumtenax (Sw.) GrayC73); Valle dell\u2019Orfento (J74); M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco ; hermitage of M. Morrone ; Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2018); at 17 sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1812 and 2664 m . \u2013 From the colline  to the alpine (2664 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil .Majella  R.C. HarrisJN: 2017). \u2013 In the colline belt (650 m: JN). On bark of Quercuspubescens (JN). \u2013 The species is included in the Italian Red List of epiphytic lichens as \u201cnear-threatened\u201d (Lama dei Peligni (eatened\u201d .Everniadivaricata (L.) Ach.JN: 2020). \u2013 In the subalpine belt (1825 m: JN). In a rocky high-altitude habitat (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 This is the only known record for the Majella massif. The species has a scattered distribution on the highest mountains of the Apennines (Ridge beneath Cima Macirenelle (pennines  and was Everniaprunastri (L.) Ach.JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); along the Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350\u20131434 m: JN). On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Acerpseudoplatanus (JN), Fagus  and Quercuscerris (JN).Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico Fr\u00f6bergvar.hypocritaJN: 2016). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2600 m: JN). On calcareous rock (JN). \u2013 Previously reported from Abruzzo only by Anticima M. Acquaviva (Farnoldiajurana(Schaer.)Hertelsubsp.juranaNT99; TSB: 1996); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2420\u20132635 m: JN). On calcareous rock .M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco  HertelNT99; TSB: 1996); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the alpine belt . On calcareous rock . \u2013 Previously reported from Abruzzo only by M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco  K\u00e4rnefelt & A. ThellJ74; JN: 2017); ridge beneath Cima Macirenelle (JN: 2020). \u2013 From the subalpine (1825 m: JN) to the alpine (2408 m: JN) belt. In open habitats (JN). On soil . \u2013 These are the only known records for the Majella massif. Common in the Alps, this species occurs only in a few sites of the central Apennines  HaleC73; J74); Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo . \u2013 In the montane belt . On bark of broadleaved trees (TSB).Majella (Flavoparmeliasoredians (Nyl.) HaleRV96). \u2013 In the colline belt (630 m: RV96). On bark of Quercuspubescens (RV96).M. Morrone, Impianezza (Flavoplacagranulosa (M\u00fcll. Arg.) Arup, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & S\u00f8chtingNT99; TSB: 1996); hermitage of M. Morrone . \u2013 From the colline  to the montane  belt. On calcareous rock .Roccacaramanico  Zahlbr.NT99; TSB: 1996; S: 1996); below the Majelletta (TSB: 2005). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo  Zahlbr.N19; JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Acercampestre  and Acerpseudoplatanus (N19). \u2013 The species is included in the Italian Red List of epiphytic lichens as \u201cnear-threatened\u201d  A. Massal.C73); Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus . \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On soil (TSB). \u2013 This species has been previously reported from other localities in the Apennines only from Abruzzo (Gran Sasso massif) by Majella  A. Massal.JN: 2018); at one site along the main ridge of Majella (JN: 2019). \u2013 From the montane (1200 m: JN) to the alpine (2634 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo. This is the southernmost record in Italy S\u00f8chting, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & Arupvar.flavorubescensJN: 2017); Grotta di S. Angelo (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the lower montane (850 m: JN) belt. On bark of Fagus (JN) and Quercuspubescens (JN).Lama dei Peligni S\u00f8chting, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & Arupvar.quercina (Flagey) NimisTSB: 1990). \u2013 In the colline belt (468 m: TSB). On bark of Quercus sp. (TSB).Caramanico, S. Tommaso  S\u00f8chting, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & ArupC73); Valle di Fara (JN: 2017). \u2013 In the lower montane belt (800 m: JN). On soil (JN).Majella  S\u00f8chting, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & ArupJN: 2016); Sella di Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2290\u20132552 m: JN). On soil (JN).Near Bivacco Fusco  M. Mayrhofer & PoeltC73). \u2013 This is the only record from Abruzzo, Apennines and peninsular Italy and the southernmost in Italy  A. Massal.JN: 2019). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2330 m: JN). On calciferous soil (JN). New to Abruzzo. This is a cool-temperate to boreal-montane, circumpolar, ephemeral lichen growing in dry, open grasslands.Femmina Morta (Hertelideabotryosa (Fr.) Printzen & KantvilasRV96). \u2013 In the colline belt (330 m: RV96). On bark of Quercuspubescens (RV96). \u2013 This is the only record from Abruzzo and the southernmost for Italy  Trevis.C73). \u2013 The historical record was not confirmed recently, but it is considered as reliable, since the ecological conditions required by this species (Majella ( species  occur wi species .Heteroplacidiumfusculum (Nyl.) Gueidan & Cl. RouxNT99). \u2013 In the montane belt (1000 m: NT99). On calcareous rock, lichenicolous on Circinariacalcarea (NT99).Roccacaramanico (Hyperphysciaadglutinata (Fl\u00f6rke) H. Mayrhofer & PoeltJN: 2017). \u2013 In the colline belt (650 m: JN). On bark of Ulmusminor (JN).Lama dei Peligni (Lathagriumauriforme (With.) Ot\u00e1lora, P.M. J\u00f8rg. & WedinC73); Caramanico (J74); Roccacaramanico ; at three sites in Val di Foro (JN: 2018); below Villaggio Mirastelle (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the lower (970 m: JN) to the upper montane (1250 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock (TSB), terricolous mosses .Majella (Lathagriumcristatum (L.) Ot\u00e1lora, P.M. J\u00f8rg. & WedinC73); Caramanico (J74); Roccacaramanico ; hermitage of M. Morrone ; at one site along the main ridge of Majella (JN: 2019). \u2013 From the montane  to the subalpine (2081 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On calcareous rock (TSB), soil (JN).Majella (Lathagriumfuscovirens (With.) Ot\u00e1lora, P.M. J\u00f8rg. & WedinNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico (Lathagriumundulatum (Flot.) PoetschC73); at five sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2380 and 2664 m (JN: 2019). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2380\u20132664 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On calcareous rock (JN).Majella (Lecaniacyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr.NT99; TSB: 1996); at three sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2210 and 2461 m . \u2013 From the montane  to the alpine (2461 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On bark of broadleaved trees (TSB) and on small shrubs (JN).Roccacaramanico Nyl.f.allophanaC73); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Acercampestre .Majella (Lecanoraargentata (Ach.) MalmeNT99; TSB: 1996); Valico della Forchetta (TSB: 1996); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017). \u2013 In the montane belt . On bark of Fagus .Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Lecanoracarpinea (L.) Vain.NT99; TSB: 1996); Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo ; Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); below Villaggio Mirastelle (JN: 2018); along the Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt . On bark of Fagus , Quercuscerris (JN).Roccacaramanico ; Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); at one site along the main ridge of Majella (JN: 2019). \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the alpine (2350 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acerpseudoplatanus (JN), Fagus  and Quercuscerris (JN)Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Lecanoraepibryon(Ach.)Ach.var.epibryonNT99; TSB: 1996); Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus ; near Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016); Tavola Rotonda (JN: 2017); Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); at one site along the main ridge of Majella (JN: 2019). \u2013 From the subalpine  to the alpine (2634 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On plant debris .M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco (Lecanorahoriza (Ach.) Linds.N19; JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Fagus .Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio (Lecanoraintumescens (Rebent.) Rabenh.TSB: 1996); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); Val di Foro (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the lower (970 m: JN) to the upper montane (1434 m: JN) belt. On bark of Fagus .Valico della Forchetta  Degel.NT99; TSB: 1996); Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Valle di Mario (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the lower (650 m: JN) to the upper montane (1434 m: JN) belt. On bark of Fagus .Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Lecanorapulicaris (Pers.) Ach.NT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On bark of conifers (TSB).Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus . \u2013 In the colline belt . On calcareous soil (TSB). \u2013 This is the only known record for Abruzzo and the southernmost in Italy ; Valico della Forchetta (TSB: 1996); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 In the montane belt . On bark of Fagus .Roccacaramanico (Lecanoravaria (Hoffm.) Ach.C73; J74). This old record was not confirmed by recent surveys, but it can be considered reliable since this cool-temperate to circumboreal-montane lichen is common on hard lignum in upland areas, including Mediterranean mountains  Nyl.NT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the alpine belt . On bryophytes and plant debris (TSB).M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco (Lecideaconfluens (Weber) Ach.C73); Monte Amaro (J74). \u2013 This is a silicicolous lichen . \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On calcareous rock (TSB). \u2013 This is the only known record for Abruzzo and peninsular Italy and the southernmost in Europe . \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico (Lecidellaelaeochroma(Ach.)M. Choisyvar.elaeochromaf.elaeochromaC73); Roccacaramanico ; Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo ; Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus ; Valico della Forchetta (TSB: 1996); hermitage of M. Morrone ; Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); below Villaggio Mirastelle (JN: 2018); along Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018); at 9 sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2001 and 2533 m . \u2013 From the colline  to the alpine (2533 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On bark of Acerpseudoplatanus (JN), Fagus , Fraxinusornus (TSB), Quercuscerris (JN) and on plant debris (JN).Majella (Lecidellaeuphorea (Fl\u00f6rke) HertelJN: 2019). \u2013 From the subalpine (1812 m: JN) to the alpine (2350 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On Juniperus twigs (JN). \u2013 It was previously reported from Abruzzo only by Grillo and Romano (1987) from the Abruzzo National Park.At twenty sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1812 and 2350 m  Knoph & LeuckertNT99; TSB: 1996); M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco ; Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus ; Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the montane  to the alpine (2700 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Lecidellawulfenii (Hepp) K\u00f6rb.JN: 2017); at one site along the main ridge of Majella (JN: 2019). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2322\u20132398 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On plant debris (JN). \u2013 This species was previously reported from Abruzzo only from the Gran Sasso massif by Tavola Rotonda  HafellnerJN: 2017); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Grotta di S. Angelo (JN: 2018); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1440 m: JN) belt. On bark of Fagus , Quercuscerris (N19) and Quercuspubescens (JN).Lama dei Peligni (Leprariaeburnea J.R. LaundonJN: 2019). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2573 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN).At one site along the main ridge of Majella . \u2013 In the colline belt (500 m: TSB). On calcareous rock (TSB).Lettomanoppello, Fontana del Papa (Leprariavouauxii (Hue) R.C. HarrisJN: 2016). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2600 m: JN). On soil (JN).Anticima M. Acquaviva (Leproplacaxantholyta (Nyl.) HueNT99; TSB: 1996); Valle di Fara (JN: 2017). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock .Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Leptogiumhildenbrandii (Garov.) Nyl.C73); Piano dei Mulini (J74); Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017). \u2013 In the colline belt (650 m: JN). On bark of Quercuspubescens (JN). \u2013 The species is included in the Italian Red List of epiphytic lichens as \u201cnear-threatened\u201d (Majella (eatened\u201d .Leptogiumsaturninum (Dicks.) Nyl.N19; JN: 2016, 2018); Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); at one site along the main ridge of Majella (JN: 2018). \u2013 In montane belt (1350 m: JN). In beech-dominatedforests (JN). On bark of Acerpseudoplatanus (JN) and Fagus .Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio (Lobariapulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.N19; JN: 2016, 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Fagus  and Quercuscerris (N19). \u2013 The species is included in the Italian Red List of epiphytic lichens as \u201cleast concern\u201d . This old record was not confirmed by recent survey, but it seems reliable since this is a mainly southern species in Europe, found on hard rocks with optimum in the montane belt  HafellnerC73); Valle dell\u2019Orfento (J74); Roccacaramanico . \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Majella (Melanelixiaglabra (Schaer.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & LumbschNT99; TSB: 1996); Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1350 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Fagus  and Ulmusminor (JN).Roccacaramanico (Melanelixiaglabratula (Lamy) Sandler & ArupTSB: 1996); Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); below Villaggio Mirastelle (JN: 2018); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1420 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Acerpseudoplatanus (JN), Fagus , Quercuscerris (JN) and Ulmusminor (JN).Valico della Forchetta (Melanelixiasubargentifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & LumbschJN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1350 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre , Fagus  and Ulmusminor (JN).Lama dei Peligni (Melanelixiasubaurifera (Nyl.) O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & LumbschRV96); San Domenico, Monti Pizzi (JN: 2017); Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt . On bark of Acerpseudoplatanus (JN) and Fagus .Bosco di S. Antonio  O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & LumbschJN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1350 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Fagus  and Quercuspubescens (JN).Lama dei Peligni  O. Blanco, A. Crespo, Divakar, Essl., D. Hawksw. & LumbschNT99; TSB: 1996); Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo ; Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt . On bark of Quercuscerris (JN).Roccacaramanico (Melaspileaenteroleuca (Ach.) Ertz & DiederichJN: 2017). \u2013 In the colline belt (650 m: JN). On bark of Quercuspubescens (JN). \u2013 The species is included in the Italian Red List of epiphytic lichens as \u201cnear-threatened\u201d (Guesthouse of Lama dei Peligni (eatened\u201d .Merismatiumdecolorans (Rehm) TriebelJN: 2017). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2420 m: JN). In open high-altitude habitat (JN). \u2013 A lichenicolous fungus growing on Cladoniasymphycarpa (JN).Anticima Femmina Morta Hedl.var.lignariaJ74). \u2013 On bark of Fagus (J74). \u2013 The historical record was not confirmed recently, but it is considered as reliable, since the ecological conditions required by this species (Bosco di Pacentro ( species  occur wiMycobilimbiapilularis (K\u00f6rb.) Hafellner & T\u00fcrkJ74). \u2013 On mosses (J74). \u2013 The historical record was not confirmed recently, but is considered as reliable, since the ecological conditions required by this species Sliwa, Zhao Xin & Lumbschsubsp.agardhianaNT99; TSB: 1996); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2420\u20132700 m: JN). On calcareous rock .M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco (Myriolecisagardhiana(Ach.)Sliwa, Zhao Xin & Lumbschsubsp.sapaudica (Cl. Roux) Nimis & Cl. RouxNT99; TSB: 1996); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the subalpine  to the alpine (2420 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock . \u2013 The only other record of this taxon from Abruzzo is from the Gran Sasso massif (Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus (o massif . Those fo massif .Myriolecisdispersa (Pers.) Sliwa, Zhao Xin & LumbschC73); Roccacaramanico (NT99). \u2013 In the montane belt (1000 m: NT99).Majella (Myriolecishagenii (Ach.) Sliwa, Zhao Xin & LumbschRV96); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Campo di Giove, Piano Cerreto (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline (630 m: RV96) to the montane (1350 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Fagus , Quercuscerris (JN) and Quercuspubescens (RV96).Popoli, Impianezza (Myriolecisperpruinosa (Fr\u00f6berg) Sliwa, Zhao Xin & LumbschJN: 2017). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2420 m: JN). On calcareous rock (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo. This is the southernmost record of the species in Italy  Sliwa, Zhao Xin & LumbschNT99; TSB: 1996); Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus ; M. d\u2019Ugni (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the subalpine (1770 m: JN) to the alpine  belt. On calcareous rock .M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco  Sliwa, Zhao Xin & LumbschC73); M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco ; Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus ; Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the subalpine  to the alpine (2700 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .Majella (Myrioleciszosterae(Ach.)\u015aliwa, Zhao Xin & Lumbschvar.palanderi (Vain.) \u015aliwaNT99); Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2016); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); Sella di Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); at 11 sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1997 and 2681 m . \u2013 From the subalpine (1997 m: JN) to the alpine (2681 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On plant debris (JN).M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco (Nephromaresupinatum (L.) Ach.N19; JN: 2016, 2018); Monti Pizzi, Valle del Sole (JN: 2017). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350\u20131455 m: JN). On bark of Fagus . \u2013 The species is included in the Italian Red List of epiphytic lichens as \u201cnear-threatened\u201d  Almb.J74). \u2013 On bark of Fagus (J74). \u2013 The historical record was not confirmed recently, but it is considered as reliable, since this is a widespread species  A. Massal.C73); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 In the montane belt (1350\u20131434 m: JN). On bark of Fagus  and Quercuscerris (N19).Majella  A. Massal.JN: 2017). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2398 m: JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 The only other record of this taxon from Abruzzo is from the Gran Sasso massif . \u2013 The historical records were not confirmed recently, but they are considered as reliable, since this is a widespread species. Lichenicolous in various verrucarialean crustose lichens (Majella ( lichens .Ophioparmaventosa (L.) NormanC73); Campo di Giove (J74). \u2013 This is a silicicolous, arctic-alpine circumpolar lichen (Majella (r lichen  that likr lichen .Parabagliettoadisjuncta (Arnold) KrzewickaNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On calcareous rock (TSB). \u2013 This is the only known record of the species from Abruzzo, peninsular Italy and the Apennines and the southernmost in Italy  Gueidan & Cl. RouxNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the alpine belt . On calcareous rock (TSB). \u2013 This is the only known record of the species from Abruzzo  Ach.C73); S. Antonio (J74). \u2013 The historical records were not confirmed recently, but they are considered as reliable, since this is a widespread species ; below Villaggio Mirastelle (JN: 2018); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1230\u20131434 m: JN). On bark of Fagus (JN).Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico ; Valico della Forchetta (TSB: 1996); Pescocostanzo (TSB); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); below Villaggio Mirastelle (JN: 2018); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt . On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Acerpseudoplatanus , Fagus  and Quercuscerris .Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Parmeliellatriptophylla (Ach.) M\u00fcll. Arg.C73). \u2013 The historical record was not confirmed recently, but it is considered as reliable, since the ecological conditions required by this species (Majella ( species  occur wi species .Parmelinacarporrhizans (Taylor) Poelt & V\u011bzdaRV96). \u2013 In the colline belt (350 m: RV96). On bark of Quercuspubescens (RV96). \u2013 This is the only known record from Abruzzi  HaleJN: 2017); Grotta di S. Angelo near Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the lower (850 m: JN) to the upper montane (1440 m: JN) belt. On bark of Fagus (JN).Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (Parmelinaquercina (Willd.) HaleTSB: 1996); Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1350 m: TSB) belt. On bark of Fagus (TSB), Quercuscerris (JN) and Ulmusminor (JN).Valico della Forchetta (Parmelinatiliacea (Hoffm.) HaleJ74); Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Grotta di S. Angelo near Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2018); Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1434 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Acerpseudoplatanus , Fagus , Quercuscerris (N19) and Quercuspubescens (JN).Majella (Parmotremaperlatum (Huds.) M. ChoisyC73; J74). \u2013 The historical records were not confirmed recently, but they are considered as reliable, since this is a widespread species (Majella ( species .Parvoplacatiroliensis (Zahlbr.) Arup, S\u00f8chting & Fr\u00f6d\u00e9nNT99; TSB: 1996); near Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2016); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); at 11 sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2322 and 2664 m . \u2013 From the subalpine  to the alpine (2664 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On plant debris . \u2013 The only other record of this taxon from Abruzzo is from the Gran Sasso massif  ArnoldJ74). \u2013 On rock (J74). \u2013 The historical record was not confirmed recently, but it is considered as reliable, since this is a widespread species (Guado di S. Antonio ( species .Peltigeracanina (L.) Willd.C73; J74). \u2013 The historical record was not confirmed recently, but it is considered as reliable, since this is a widespread species (Majella ( species .Peltigeracollina (Ach.) Schrad.TSB); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Fagus .Pescocostanzo (Peltigeraelisabethae Gyeln.JN: 2017); Val di Foro (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the montane (970 m: JN) to the subalpine (1920 m: JN) belt. On soil (JN) and terricolous mosses (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo.M. Rapina  Baumg.N19; JN: 2016); near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); Val di Foro (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1200\u20131450 m: JN). In beech woods (JN). On soil (JN), terricolous mosses (JN) and epiphytic mosses on Fagus .Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio  BitterJN: 2016). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2490 m: JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo.Above Bivacco Fusco  Gyeln.RV96); Blockhaus, Grotte di Celano (NT99). \u2013 From the montane (1100 m: RV96) to the subalpine (2150 m: NT99) belt. On soil above calcareous rock (RV96). \u2013 These are the only known records for Abruzzo ; near Passo Lanciano (JN: 2017); Val di Foro (JN: 2018); at one site along the main ridge of Majella (JN: 2019). \u2013 From the colline (530 m: RV96) to the subalpine (2119 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN), mosses (RV96).Valle dell\u2019Orfento (Peltigerapolydactylon (Neck.) Hoffm.JN: 2016). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2490 m: JN). On soil (JN).Above Bivacco Fusco (Peltigerapraetextata (Sommerf.) ZopfN19; JN: 2016, 2018); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); Val di Foro (JN: 2018); below Villaggio Mirastelle (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (970\u20131450 m: JN). In beech woods (JN). On soil (JN), terricolous mosses (JN), epiphytic mosses on Fagus (JN) and bark of Fagus .Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio (Peltigerarufescens (Weiss) Humb.NT99; TSB: 1996); near Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2016); Campo di Giove (JN: 2017); Colle d\u2019Acquaviva (JN: 2017); Sella di Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); trail between Rifugio Pomilio and M. Blockhaus (GG); M. Blockhaus (GG); at nine sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2149 and 2637 m . \u2013 From the subalpine (1715 m: JN) to the alpine (2637 m: JN) belt. In dry grasslands  and high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil .M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco (Pertusariacoronata (Ach.) Th. Fr.N19; JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Fagus .Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio (Petractisclausa (Hoffm.) Kremp.NT99; TSB: 1996); below the Maielletta (TSB: 2005). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB). \u2013 These records from Majella are the only recent ones from Abruzzo, the others date back to the 19th Century (see literature cited by Roccacaramanico (Phaeophysciaciliata (Hoffm.) MobergNT99; TSB: 1996); Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane  belt. On bark of Ulmusminor (JN).Roccacaramanico (Phaeophysciaorbicularis (Neck.) MobergC73); S. Antonio (J74); Caramanico S. Tommaso (TSB: 1990); Roccacaramanico ; Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline (468 m: TSB) to the montane (1350 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre (JN), Acerpseudoplatanus (N19), Fagus (N19), Quercuscerris (JN) and Quercus sp. (TSB).Majella (Phaeophysciasciastra (Ach.) MobergNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico (Phaeorrhizanimbosa (Fr.) H. Mayrhofer & PoeltNT99; TSB: 1996; JN: 2016). \u2013 In the alpine belt . On calcareous soil . \u2013 The only other records from Abruzzo are from the Gran Sasso massif  Flot.JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; below Villaggio Mirastelle (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1350 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Acerpseudoplatanus (N19), Fagus , Quercuscerris (N19) and Quercuspubescens (JN).Lama dei Peligni (Physciaadscendens H. OlivierJN: 2017); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1434 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Acerpseudoplatanus , Fagus , Quercuscerris (JN) and Ulmusminor (JN).Lama dei Peligni (Physciaaipolia (Humb.) F\u00fcrnr.NT99; TSB: 1996); Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1434 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Acerpseudoplatanus (JN), Fagus , Quercuscerris (JN) and Ulmusminor (JN).Roccacaramanico Zahlbr.var.bizianaNT99; TSB: 1996); Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane  belt. On bark of Ulmusminor (JN).Roccacaramanico (Physciadubia (Hoffm.) LettauNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico  DC.TSB: 1996); Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo ; Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane  belt. On bark of Fagus (TSB), Quercuscerris (JN) and Ulmusminor (JN).Roccacaramanico  Nyl.C73); Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (TSB: 1996); Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt . On bark of Fagus  and Quercuscerris (JN).Majella (Physciatenella (Scop.) DC.TSB: 1990). \u2013 In the colline belt (468 m: TSB). On bark of Quercus sp. (TSB).Caramanico S. Tommaso (Physconiadetersa (Nyl.) PoeltN19; JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Fagus .Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio (Physconiadistorta (With.) J.R. LaundonC73); Roccacaramanico ; Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio (N19). \u2013 From the colline  to the montane (1420 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Acerpseudoplatanus , Fagus , Quercuscerris (JN) and Ulmusminor (JN).Majella (Physconiaenteroxantha (Nyl.) PoeltJN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 In the montane belt (1350\u20131434 m: JN). On bark of Acercampestre (N19) and Fagus .Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (Physconiamuscigena(Ach.)Poeltvar.muscigenaTSB: 1996; JN: 2016); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2016). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2490\u20132600 m: JN). On soil .M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco (Physconiaperisidiosa (Erichsen) MobergTSB: 1990); Valico della Forchetta (TSB: 1996); Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 From the colline (468 m: TSB) to the montane (1360 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre , Fagus , deciduous Quercus sp. (TSB) and Ulmusminor (JN).Caramanico, S. Tommaso (Physconiaservitii (N\u00e1dv.) PoeltTSB: 1990). \u2013 In the colline belt (580 m: TSB). On bark of deciduous Quercus sp. (TSB).S. Tommaso (Physconiavenusta (Ach.) PoeltTSB: 1990); Valico della Forchetta (TSB: 1996); Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 From the colline (580 m: TSB) to the montane (1360 m: JN) belt. On bark of Fagus , Quercuscerris (N19) and deciduous Quercus sp. (TSB).S. Tommaso (Placidiumlachneum (Ach.) B. de Lesd.JN: 2019). \u2013 From the subalpine (2018 m: JN) to the alpine (2620 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 The only other records of this taxon from Abruzzo are from the Gran Sasso massif  BreussJN: 2017); near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); at 12 sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1812 and 2640 m . \u2013 From the montane (1250 m: JN) to the alpine (2640 m: JN) belt. In dry grasslands (JN) and high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN).Anticima Femmina Morta (Placocarpusschaereri (Fr.) BreussNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB). \u2013 A lichenicolous lichen occurring on Protoparmeliopsisversicolor.Roccacaramanico (Placopyreniumcanellum (Nyl.) Gueidan & Cl. RouxNT99). \u2013 In the montane belt (1000 m: NT99). \u2013 A lichenicolous lichen occurring on Circinariacalcarea.Roccacaramanico (Placopyreniumfuscellum (Turner) Gueidan & Cl. RouxNT99; TSB: 1996); hermitage of M. Morrone . \u2013 From the colline  to the montane  belt. On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico  Coppins & P. JamesN19; JN: 2016); at one site along the main ridge of Majella (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the montane (1350: JN) to the alpine (2595 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN), dead wood (JN) and bark of Fagus (N19).Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio (Placynthiumnigrum (Hudson) GrayJN: 2017). \u2013 In the subalpine belt (1770 m). On calcareous rock (JN).M. d\u2019Ugni (Pleurostictaacetabulum (Neck.) Elix & LumbschC73); Bosco di Pacentro (J74); Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo ; Valico della Forchetta (TSB: 1996); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Domenico ; Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt . On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Acerpseudoplatanus , Fagus  and Quercuscerris .Majella . \u2013 In the subalpine belt (2170 m: C09). In a pasture (C09). On calcareous rock (C09).M. Blockhaus ; M. Blockhaus (C09); Lettomanoppello (C09). \u2013 From the colline (750 m: C09) to the subalpine (2170 m: C09) belt. In open shrublands (C09) and pastures (C09). On calcareous rock (C09). \u2013 These records from Majella are the only ones for Abruzzo and peninsular Italy and the southernmost in Italy  ArnoldNT99; TSB: 1996); Majelletta (C09). \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On calcareous rock . \u2013 Those from the Majella massif are the only records from Abruzzo ; above Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016). \u2013 From the subalpine  to the alpine (2490 m: JN) belt. On calcareous soil . \u2013 Those from the Majella massif are the southernmost records in Italy ; Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus ; Passo S. Leonardo (C09); Lettomanoppello (C09); Passo Lanciano (C09). \u2013 From the colline (750 m: C09) to the subalpine  belt. In open shrublands (C09) and pastures (C09). On calcareous rock . \u2013 Records from Majella are the only ones from Abruzzo  L\u00f6nnr.NT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On calcareous rock (TSB). \u2013 Records from Majella are the only one for Abruzzo, Apennines and peninsular Italy and the southernmost in Italy  Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n, Arup & S\u00f8chtingNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On bark of broad-leaved trees (TSB).Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Polysporinaurceolata (Anzi) BrodoNT99; TSB: 1996); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the alpine belt . On calcareous rock .M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco  LettauT15; TSB: 2005). \u2013 In the montane belt . In a beech forest . On limestone . \u2013 These are the only known records for Abruzzo (Below the Majelletta ( Abruzzo .Porpidiacinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & KnophC73). \u2013 This is a silicicolous lichen (Majella (s lichen  that likProtoblasteniacyclospora (K\u00f6rb.) PoeltNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico (Protoblasteniaincrustans(DC.)J. Steinervar.incrustansNT99; TSB: 1996); Grotte di Celano near M. Blockahus ; Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the montane  to the alpine (2635 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .Roccacaramanico (Protoblasteniarupestris (Scop.) J. SteinerNT99; TSB: 1996); Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo . \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico (Protoparmeliopsisadmontensis (Zahlbr.) HafellnerJN: 2017). \u2013 In the subalpine belt (1770 m: JN). On calcareous rock (JN). \u2013 The only other records of this taxon from Abruzzo come from the Gran Sasso massif (M. d\u2019Ugni (o massif .Protoparmeliopsisversicolor (Pers.) M. ChoisyNT99; TSB: 1996); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the montane  to the alpine (2420 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .Roccacaramanico (Pseudeverniafurfuracea(L.)Zopfvar.furfuraceaC73); Bosco di Pacentro (J74); Popoli (TSB: 1986); Macchialunga (JN: 2017). \u2013 In the montane belt . On bark of Fagus (JN).Majella (Pseudosagediaaenea (K\u00f6rb.) Hafellner & KalbNT99; TSB: 1996); Val di Foro (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt . On bark of Fagus .Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Psoradecipiens (Hedw.) Hoffm.C73); Majellone (J74); near Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016); between Grotta Canosa and M. Amaro (JN: 2017); at two sites along the main ridge of Majella between 2560 and 2620 m (JN: 2019). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2290\u20132622 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN).Majella (Puncteliaborreri (Sm.) KrogRV96). \u2013 In the colline belt (335 m: RV96). On bark of Quercuspubescens (RV96).M. Morrone, Osservanza  S.Y. Kondr.NT99; TSB: 1996); M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco . \u2013 From the montane  to the alpine  belt. On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico  ArnoldNT99; TSB: 1996); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2016); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the montane  to the alpine (2635 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .Roccacaramanico  A. Massal.NT99; TSB: 1996); Eremo di M. Morrone ; between Lettomanoppello and Passo Lanciano (TSB: 2005). \u2013 From the colline  to the montane (1080 m: TSB) belt. On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico  S\u00f8chting, Arup & Fr\u00f6d\u00e9nJN: 2016); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2420\u20132600 m: JN). On calcareous rock (JN).Anticima M. Acquaviva (Pyrenodesmiavariabilis (Pers.) A. Massal.NT99; TSB: 1997); near Martellose (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the colline  to the alpine (2065 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .Hermitage of M. Morrone (Pyrenulanitida (Weigel) Ach.JN: 2018); Val di Foro (JN: 2018); below Villaggio Mirastelle (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1200\u20131230 m: JN). On bark of Fagus (JN).Valle di Mario  Ach.J74); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1420\u20131440 m: JN). On bark of Acerpseudoplatanus (JN), Fagus (JN) and Quercuscerris (JN).Majella  Ach.TSB: 1986); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 In the montane belt (1350\u20131440 m). On bark of Fagus .Popoli  Ach.C73; J74); Popoli (TSB: 1986); Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo ; Valico della Forchetta (TSB: 1996); Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (JN: 2017); Palena, Fontana delle Rose (JN: 2018); Cansano (JN: 2018); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1100\u20131440 m: JN). On bark of Acerpseudoplatanus (JN), Fagus  and Quercuscerris (N19).Majella . \u2013 In the montane belt (1200 m: JN). On bark of Fagus (JN). \u2013 First record for Abruzzo and southernmost record in Italy . \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On calcareous rock (TSB). \u2013 This is the only record for Abruzzo and peninsular Italy and the southernmost one in Europe (Grotte di Celano (n Europe . This isn Europe  that meeRhizocarponbadioatrum (Spreng.) Th. Fr.C73); Valle dell\u2019Orfento (J74). \u2013 This is a silicicolous lichen (Majella (s lichen  that likRhizocarponumbilicatum (Ramond) FlageyC73); Valle dell\u2019Orfento (J74); trail between Blockhaus and M. Focalone (TSB: 2005). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2300 m: TSB). On calcareous rock (TSB).Majella (Rinodinabischoffii (Hepp) A. Massal.NT99; TSB: 1996); hermitage of M. Morrone . \u2013 From the colline  to the montane  belt. On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico . \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico (Rinodinaimmersa (K\u00f6rb.) J. SteinerNT99; TSB: 1996); Passo San Leonardo (C09); Majelletta (C09); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the montane  to the alpine (2635 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .Roccacaramanico  A. Massal.NT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico (Rinodinaroscida (Sommerf.) ArnoldJN: 2018, 2019). \u2013 From the subalpine (2250 m: JN) to the alpine (2664 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On bryophytes and plant debris (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo. These are the only records for Apennines and peninsular Italy and the southernmost in Italy  A. Massal.NT99; TSB: 1996); Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo ; hermitage of M. Morrone ; Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio . \u2013 From the colline  to the montane (1350 m: JN) belt. On bark of Fagus  and Fraxinusornus (TSB).Roccacaramanico  TimdalC73); Majellone (J74); Roccacaramanico ; at one site along the main ridge of Majella (JN: 2019). \u2013 From the montane  to the subalpine (1958 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On calcareous soil .Majella (Rostaniaceranisca (Nyl.) Ot\u00e1lora, P.M. J\u00f8rg. & WedinJN: 2019). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2662 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo. This is the only record for Apennines and peninsular Italy and the southernmost in Italy S.Y. Kondr. & K\u00e4rnefeltsubsp.elegansJ74; JN: 2017); Roccacaramanico ; M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco ; Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2017); Sella di Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); at one site along the main ridge of Majella (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the montane  to the alpine (2669 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On calcareous rock .Femmina Morta (Rusavskiasorediata (Vain.) S.Y. Kondr. & K\u00e4rnefeltNT99; TSB: 1996); Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017). \u2013 In the alpine belt . On calcareous rock .M. Focalone near Bivacco Fusco (Sarcogynehypophaea (Nyl.) ArnoldNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico . \u2013 In the colline belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Hermitage of M. Morrone  Y.J. Yao & SpoonerN19; JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1350 m: JN). On bark of Acercampestre  and Fagus . \u2013 The species is included in the Italian Red List of epiphytic lichens as \u201cvulnerable\u201d Arnoldvar.corticicolumNT99; TSB: 1996); Valico della Forchetta (TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On bark of Fagus (TSB).Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo  Ot\u00e1lora, P.M. J\u00f8rg. & WedinNT99; TSB: 1997); Val di Foro (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline  to the montane (1250 m: JN) belt. On calcareous soil (TSB) and terricolous mosses (JN).Hermitage of M. Morrone (Scytiniumimbricatum (P.M. J\u00f8rg.) Ot\u00e1lora, P.M. J\u00f8rg. & WedinJN: 2018); at 23 sites along the main ridge of Majella between 1990 and 2664 m . \u2013 From the montane (1250 m: JN) to the alpine (2664 m: JN) belt. In dry grasslands (JN) and high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo. These are the only records for Apennines and peninsular Italy and the southernmost in Italy  Ot\u00e1lora, P.M. J\u00f8rg. & WedinC73; J74); Roccacaramanico ; Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Val di Foro (JN: 2018); Centiata, Villaggio Mirastelle (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1350 m: JN) belt. On bark of Fagus  and calcareous soil (TSB).Majella (Scytiniumschraderi (Ach.) Ot\u00e1lora, P.M. J\u00f8rg. & WedinJN: 2019). \u2013 From the subalpine (2081 m: JN) to the alpine (2300 m: JN) belt. In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN).At four sites along the main ridge of Majella (Seirophoracontortuplicata (Ach.) Fr\u00f6d\u00e9nNT99; TSB: 1996); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the subalpine  to the alpine (2420 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus (SolorinabisporaNyl.subsp.bisporaJN: 2016). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2600 m: JN). On soil (JN).Anticima M. Acquaviva (Solorinabisporasubsp.macrospora (Harm.) Burgaz & I. Mart\u00ednezJN: 2016); at one site along the main ridge of Majella (JN: 2019). \u2013 In the subalpine belt (2230\u20132290 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo. These are the only records for Apennines and peninsular Italy and the southernmost in Italy P. Jamesvar.cartilagineaC73; J74); hermitage of M. Morrone ; Valle di Fara (JN: 2017); trail between Lama dei Peligni and Rifugio Fonte Tar\u00ec (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the colline  to the montane (1135 m: JN) belt. On calcareous soil (TSB) and rock (JN).Majella (Squamarinagypsacea (Sm.) PoeltJN: 2017). \u2013 In the subalpine belt (2065 m: JN). On calcareous rock (JN).Near Martellose  PoeltJN: 2018); near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the montane belt (1200\u20131250 m: JN). In dry grasslands (JN). On soil (JN).Campo di Giove ; hermitage of M. Morrone . \u2013 From the colline  to the montane  belt. On calcareous rock (TSB) and soil (TSB).Roccacaramanico  Th. Fr.C09). \u2013 In the colline belt (570 m: C09). In a pasture with scattered shrubs (C09). On calcareous rock (C09).Caramanico  Fr.NT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the montane belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico (Tephromelaatra (Huds .) Hafellner var. torulosa (Flot.) HafellnerJN: 2017). \u2013 In the montane belt (1434 m: JN). On bark of Fagus (JN).Monti Pizzi near S. Domenico (Tetramelasgeophilus (Sommerf.) NormanC73). \u2013 The historical record was not confirmed recently, but is considered as reliable, since this is a widespread species  A. Massal.C73; J74); Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus (NT99). \u2013 In the subalpine belt (2150 m: NT99).Majella  A. Massal.TSB: 1996); near Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016); Sella di Grotta Canosa (JN: 2017); Rava della Vespa (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the subalpine (2150 m: TSB) to the alpine (2643 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock  and soil (JN).Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus  Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. EkmanC73; J74); near Bivacco Fusco (JN: 2016); Cima dell\u2019Altare (JN: 2017); Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); at one site along the main ridge of Majella (JN: 2019). \u2013 From the montane (1250 m: JN) to the alpine (2490 m: JN) belt. In dry grasslands (JN) and high-altitude open habitats (JN). On calcareous soil (JN).Majella (Thelidiumdecipiens (Nyl.) Kremp.JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2018). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2635\u20132700 m: JN). On calcareous rock (JN).Anticima M. Acquaviva (Thelidiumdionantense (Hue) ZschackeNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On calcareous rock (TSB). \u2013 This is the only known record from Italy . \u2013 In the alpine belt (2600 m: C09). On calcareous rock (C09). \u2013 This is the only record from Abruzzo  ArnoldNT99; TSB: 1996); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the montane  to the alpine (2700 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Toniniasubnitida (Hellb.) Hafellner & T\u00fcrkJN: 2017). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2420 m: JN). On rock (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo. This is the only record for central Italy  Kistenich, Timdal, Bendiksby & S. EkmanJN: 2016). \u2013 In the subalpine belt (2290 m: JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo. This is the only record for peninsular Italy and the Apennines and the southernmost record in Italy  Coppins & P. JamesJN: 2019). \u2013 In the alpine belt (2579\u20132634 m: JN). In high-altitude open habitats (JN). On soil (JN). \u2013 New to Abruzzo. This is the southernmost record in Italy  DeliseJ74). \u2013 This is a silicicolous lichen (Majella (s lichen  that liks lichen .Usneabarbata (L.) F.H. Wigg.C73). \u2013 Most Italian records of the genus Usnea would require accurate revision and this historical record was not confirmed recently. However, we considered it as reliable, since the ecological conditions required by this species (Majella ( species  occur wiUsneadasopoga (Ach.) Nyl.J74). \u2013 Most Italian records of the genus Usnea would require accurate revision, and this historical record was not confirmed recently. However, we considered it as reliable, since the ecological conditions required by this species (Bosco di Pacentro ( species  occur wiVariosporaaurantia (Pers.) Arup, Fr\u00f6d\u00e9n & S\u00f8chtingC73). \u2013 The historical record was not confirmed recently, but is considered as reliable, since this is a widespread species  Arup, S\u00f8chting & Fr\u00f6d\u00e9nNT99; TSB: 1996); hermitage of M. Morrone . \u2013 From the colline  to the montane  belt. On calcareous rock (TSB).Roccacaramanico (Verrucariahochstetteri Fr.C09); M. d\u2019Ugni (JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the subalpine (1770 m: JN) to the alpine (2635 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .M. Focalone ; hermitage of M. Morrone . \u2013 From the colline  to the montane  belt. On calcareous rock (TSB).Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo (Verruculabiatorinaria (Zehetl.) Nav.-Ros. & Cl. RouxNT99; TSB: 1996). \u2013 In the subalpine belt . On calcareous rock (TSB). \u2013 A lichenicolous lichen occurring on Calogayabiatorina.Grotte di Celano near M. Blockhaus (Verruculacoccinearia (Zehetl.) Nav.-Ros. & Cl. RouxNT99; TSB: 1996); Anticima Femmina Morta (JN: 2017). \u2013 From the subalpine  to the alpine (2420 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock . \u2013 A lichenicolous lichen occurring on Caloplacacoccinea. Those from Majella are the only records for Abruzzo, Apennines and peninsular Italy and the southernmost in Italy  Nav.-Ros. & Cl. RouxNT99). \u2013 In the montane belt (1000 m: NT99). \u2013 This is a lichenicolous lichen occurring on Flavoplacagranulosa. In Verruculalatericola.Roccacaramanico (Vulpicidapinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson & M.J. LaiC73); M. Amaro (J74). \u2013 On bark of Pinus sp. (J74). \u2013 The historical records were not confirmed recently, but are considered as reliable, since the ecological conditions required by this species  A. Massal.NT99; TSB: 1997); Anticima M. Acquaviva (JN: 2017); M. Macellaro (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline  to the alpine (2700 m: JN) belt. On calcareous rock .Hermitage of M. Morrone . \u2013 In the colline belt . On calcareous rock (TSB).Hermitage of M. Morrone (Xanthoriaparietina (L.) Th. Fr.C73; J74); Roccacaramanico ; Pretoro, Colle dell\u2019Angelo ; Lama dei Peligni (JN: 2017); Pescocostanzo, Bosco di S. Antonio ; Piano Cerreto near Campo di Giove (JN: 2018); Valle di Mario (JN: 2018); along the highway Strada Statale 164 (JN: 2018). \u2013 From the colline (650 m: JN) to the montane (1420 m: JN) belt. On bark of Acercampestre (N19), Acerpseudoplatanus , Fagus , Quercuscerris (JN) and Ulmusminor (JN).Majella . \u2013 This is a mainly coastal species (Femmina Morta ( species  whose ocCladoniascabriuscula (Delise) Nyl.C73). \u2013 This is a rare species in Italy and is not reported by other sources in central-southern Apennines. The record would require confirmation.Majella (Dermatocarponcomplicatum (Lightf.) W. MannC73); Femmina Morta (J74). \u2013 This is a critical taxon mainly growing on periodically inundated siliceous rocks (Majella (us rocks  and it wLeptogiumbrebissonii Mont.RV96). \u2013 In the colline belt (570 m: RV96). On sandstone (RV96). This species is usually epiphytic  C. AgardhC73); Valle dell\u2019Orfento (J74). \u2013 This is a coastal species occurring on rocks at the interface between the littoral and the mesic supralittoral belts  Rabenh.C73); Bosco di Pacentro (J74). \u2013 This record reported by Jatta was collected \u201cad terram inter muscos in sylva Pacentri\u201d. According to L.pulmonaria, since L.linita is restricted to the Alps in Italy.Majella  A. Massal.J74). \u2013 This is a silicicolus taxon whose occurrence in the Majella massif would be related to flint limestoine. Since this would be the only record for Abruzzo, it requires confirmation.Valle dell\u2019Orfento  suitable for these small-sized organisms (On the other hand, the occurence of many arctic-alpine taxa see  that rearganisms .Lobariapulmonaria or rare calicioid lichens (In addition, the epiphytic lichen biota is noteworthy, including several species of conservation concern that are Red-listed in Italy ( lichens ."}
{"text": "Central-line associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) contributes to mortality and cost. While aseptic dressings and antibiotic-impregnated catheters can prevent extraluminal infections, intraluminal infections remain a source of CLABSIs with limited prevention options. Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium and Escherichia coli. In this proof-of-concept study, an electrochemical intravascular catheter (e-catheter) prototype capable of electrochemically generating hypochlorous acid intraluminally on the surface of platinum electrodes polarized at a constant potential of 1.5 VAg/AgCl was developed. After 24h of pre-polarization at 1.5 VAg/AgCl, their activity was tested by inoculating four clinical isolates derived from catheter-related infections, Figure 1. In vitro catheter and e-catheter models.E-catheters generated a mean HOCl concentration of 15.86\u00b14.03 \u03bcM and had a mean pH of 6.14\u00b10.79. e-catheters prevented infections with all four species, with an average reduction of 8.41\u00b10.61 log10 CFU/mL at 48h compared to controls. Figure 3. Measurement of pH and HOCl at 48 hours in polarized e-catheters.Each dot represents a replicate; bars represent means.Figure 4. Prevention of infection after 48 hours of polarization (24 hours of infections) using e-catheters (polarized and non-polarized) compared to blank catheters.* indicates statistically significant reduction of cell counts in polarized e-catheter compared to blank catheter (p <0.05).Polarized e-catheters which generate low amounts of HOCl continuously should be further developed to prevent intraluminal infection.Haluk Beyenal, Ph.D, patent  Robin Patel, MD, 1928 Diagnostics (Consultant)BioFire Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)ContraFect Corporation (Grant/Research Support)Curetis (Consultant)Hylomorph AG (Grant/Research Support)IDSA Infectious Diseases Board Review Course Mammoth Biosciences (Consultant)NBME Netflix (Consultant)Next Gen Diagnostics (Consultant)PathoQuest (Consultant)PhAST (Consultant)Qvella (Consultant)Samsung Selux Diagnostics (Consultant)Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Specific Technologies (Consultant)TenNor Therapeutics Limited (Grant/Research Support)Torus Biosystems (Consultant)Up-to-Date  Robin Patel, MD, BioFire  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Contrafect  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; IDSA  Involved: Self): Editor's stipend; NBME, Up-to-Date and the Infectious Diseases Board Review Course  Involved: Self): Honoraria; Netflix  Involved: Self): Consultant; TenNor Therapeutics Limited  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; to Curetis, Specific Technologies, Next Gen Diagnostics, PathoQuest, Selux Diagnostics, 1928 Diagnostics, PhAST, Torus Biosystems, Mammoth Biosciences and Qvella  Involved: Self): Consultant"}
{"text": "In the original publication, second author name in reference 30 was incorrectly published as Tredici KD instead of Del Tredici K.The correct reference text should read as:Kaufman SK, Del Tredici K, Thomas TL, Braak H, Diamond MI (2018) Tau seeding activity begins in the transentorhinal/entorhinal regions and anticipates phospho-tau pathology in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and PART. Acta Neuropathol 136:57\u201367.The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants. Nirsevimab is a single-dose monoclonal antibody with extended half-life that was shown to protect preterm infants 29 to < 35 weeks gestation against RSV LRTI. However, most medically attended (MA) cases occur in otherwise healthy, term infants for whom there is currently no effective RSV prevention strategy. We report the primary analysis of efficacy and safety, along with the impact of nirsevimab in late preterm and term infants (\u2265 35 weeks gestation) in the phase 3 MELODY study (NCT03979313).Infants were randomized 2:1 to receive one intramuscular injection of nirsevimab  or placebo entering their first RSV season. The primary endpoint was the incidence of MA RSV LRTI over 150 days postdose. Cases met predefined clinical criteria of disease severity and were confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR. Safety was evaluated through 360 days postdose. Enrollment started on 23 July 2019 and was suspended following the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020.Overall, 1490 infants were randomized and included in the intent-to-treat population; 1465 (98%) completed the 150-day efficacy follow-up, and 1367 (92%) completed the 360-day safety follow-up. The incidence of MA RSV LRTI was 1.2% (n=12/994) in the nirsevimab group and 5.0% (n=25/496) in the placebo group, giving nirsevimab an efficacy of 74.5% . Nirsevimab averted 93.6  MA LRTIs per 1000 infants dosed. Nirsevimab was well tolerated, with similar rates of adverse events  and serious adverse events  between groups.In this phase 3 study, a single dose of nirsevimab protected late preterm and term infants against MA RSV LRTI over an RSV season with a favorable safety profile. Approximately 11 infants need to be immunized to prevent 1 case of LRTI; nirsevimab has the potential to be an important intervention to reduce the burden of RSV LRTI in healthy infants.Laura Hammitt, MD, MedImmune Merck & Co., Inc. Novavax Pfizer  Laura Hammitt, MD, MedImmune  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Research grant to my institution; Merck  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Research grant to my institution; Pfizer  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Research grant to my institution Ron Dagan, MD, Medimmune/AstraZeneca MSD Pfizer  Yuan Yuan, PhD, AstraZeneca  Shabhir A. Mahdi, PhD, BMGF (Research Grant or Support)EDCTP (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melody (Research Grant or Support)Minervax (Research Grant or Support)Novavax (Research Grant or Support)SAMRC (Research Grant or Support) William J. Muller, MD, PhD, Ansun (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Astellas (Scientific Research Study Investigator)AstraZeneca (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Genentech (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Gilead (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Janssen (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Karius (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Melinta (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Merck (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Nabriva (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Seqirus (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Tetraphase (Scientific Research Study Investigator) William J. Muller, MD, PhD, Ansun  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Astellas  Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; AstraZeneca  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; BD  Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Eli Lilly  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Gilead  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Karius, Inc.  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator; Melinta  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Merck  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Moderna  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Nabriva  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Seqirus  Involved: Self): Consultant; Tetraphase  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support Heather J. Zar, PhD, AstraZeneca (Grant/Research Support)Novavax (Grant/Research Support)Pfizer  Dennis Brooks, MD, AstraZeneca (Employee) Amy Grenham, MSc, AstraZeneca  Ulrika W\u00e4hlby Hamr\u00e9n, PhD, AstraZeneca R&D  Vaishali S. Mankad, MD, AstraZeneca (Employee) Therese Takas, BSc, AstraZeneca  Jon Heinrichs, PhD, AstraZeneca (Shareholder)Bristol Myers Squibb (Shareholder)J&J (Shareholder)Merck (Shareholder)Organon (Shareholder)Procter & Gamble (Shareholder)Sanofi (Shareholder)Sanofi Pasteur (Employee) Amanda Leach, MRCPCH, AstraZeneca  M. Pamela Griffin, MD, AstraZeneca (Employee) Tonya L. Villafana, PhD, AstraZeneca (Employee)"}
{"text": "Klebsiella species is not well investigated in Qatar. The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic context of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella isolates recovered from clinical specimens.The molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella isolates (n=100) were collected at 7 tertiary hospitals from 2015-2017. Identification and susceptibility testing were performed using MALDI-TOF MS and BD Phoenix system, respectively. Whole Genome Sequencing was performed on the Illumina NextSeq platform. Phylogenomic analysis, screening of resistance and virulence genes, and comparison of genetic environment of carbapenemase were carried out.Klebsiella pneumoniae was common (80), followed by K. quasipneumoniae (16), K. aerogenes (3) and K. oxytoca (1). The most prevalent were genes encoding NDM-1 (39), OXA-48 (20), OXA-232 (10) and OXA-181 (12). KPC-2 (3) and KPC-3 (2) were also identified; no carbapenemase-encoding genes could be identified in 15 isolates. Plasmid locations of 24 carbapenemase-encoding genes were determined; blaNDM-1 was localized on IncFII replicon, while blaOXA-181 and blaOXA-232 were commonly associated with ColKP3 plasmids. pOXA-48-like plasmid was detected in 17/20 isolates harboring blaOXA-48. blaKPC-3 was located on a contig with \u2018traditional\u2019 Tn4401a mobile genetic element. Sequence types (STs) were diverse and the \u2018traditional\u2019 clonal group (CG) 258 was rare. K. pneumoniae ST147 was predominant (13), followed by ST231 (7) and ST11 (5). Nine K. quasipneumoniae isolates belonged to ST196 and were highly clonal. The virulence loci such as yersiniabactin (ybt) and rmpA were not detected within the study\u2019s K. quasipneumoniae isolates. Amongst K. pneumoniae, there were 50 ybt+ isolates; 8 isolates had rmpA, and of these, 3 belonged to ST383. K. pneumoniae serotype K2, the capsular serotype associated with invasive liver abscess syndrome, was detected in 5 isolates. Genetic relationship of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and K. quasipneumoniae isolates in Qatar inferred from core genome SNPs.The tree is overlaid with predicted antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors for each isolate.Klebsiella species isolates in Qatar are NDM and OXA-48 like enzymes, disseminated through various plasmids. The detection of carbapenemase-producing isolate bearing rmpA and serotype K2 reflect the presence of both multidrug resistance and hypervirulence in K. pneumoniae.The predominant carbapenemases among clinical Yohei Doi, MD, PhD, AstraZeneca (Speaker\u2019s Bureau)bioMerieux (Consultant)FujiFilm Gilead (Consultant)GSK (Consultant)Meiji (Consultant)MSD (Consultant)Shionogi (Consultant) Yohei Doi, MD, PhD, Astellas  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; AstraZeneca  Involved: Self): Speakers\u2019 bureau; bioMerieux  Involved: Self): Consultant, Speakers\u2019 bureau; Chugai  Involved: Self): Consultant; Entasis  Involved: Self): Consultant; FujiFilm  Involved: Self): Advisor or Review Panel member; Gilead  Involved: Self): Consultant; GSK  Involved: Self): Consultant; Kanto Chemical  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; MSD  Involved: Self): Speaking Fee; Pfizer  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Shionogi  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Speakers\u2019 bureau; Teijin Healthcare  Involved: Self): Speakers\u2019 bureau; VenatoRx  Involved: Self): Consultant"}
{"text": "Morbidity from urinary tract infection (UTI) is high. Urine culture is the reference method for UTI diagnosis. Its diagnostic yield is limited as prior antibiotic use prevents growth of established uropathogens, many emerging uropathogens do not grow under routine culture conditions, and results interpretation can be subjective. Faster, more comprehensive diagnostics could help manage recurrent and/or drug-resistant infections. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of a precision metagenomic (PM) workflow for pathogen detection & antimicrobial resistance (AMR) characterization directly from urine.Residual urine samples from symptomatic adults evaluated by culture & susceptibility were identified by a combination of consecutive & stratified random sampling . DNA was extracted with modifications to the Quick-DNA Urine Kit (Zymo). Libraries were generated with Illumina DNA Prep with Enrichment for clinically relevant targets  with the Explify Urinary ID/AMR Panel . Enriched libraries were sequenced on the NextSeq550 (Illumina) and data analyzed with the Explify UPIP Data Analysis Solution (IDbyDNA). E. coli and K. pneumoniae (10/10), MRSA (9/9), and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (4/5). PM also detected pathogens associated with sexually-transmitted infection  and bacterial vaginosis . PM produced complete results within 24-36 hours of sample receipt (vs culture & susceptibility: 42-72 hrs).For bacterial uropathogens, 94% positive agreement was observed between this PM workflow and culture. PM detected fastidious and/or anaerobic potential uropathogens in 30% and 7% of samples reported as culture-negative or positive for other bacteria, respectively. Total agreement between AMR marker detection and phenotypic resistance was 78%. Notably, PM predicted phenotypes of ESBL The sensitivity of PM for uropathogen detection was noninferior to culture . PM predicted antimicrobial resistance phenotypes for common uropathogens and identified potential pathogens not detected by conventional culture. Future studies should assess the impact of PM-guided management on clinical outcomes.Rita C. Stinnett, PhD, MHS, IDbyDNA (Employee) Marta Mangifesta, PhD, IDbyDNA (Employee) Anagha Kadam, PhD, IDbyDNA (Employee) Heng Xie, PhD, IDbyDNA (Employee) Stacie Stauffer, BS, IDbyDNA (Employee) Jamie Lemon, PhD, D(ABMM), IDbyDNA (Employee) Benjamin Briggs, MD, PhD, IDbyDNA (Employee) Lauge Farnaes, MD, PhD, Cardea Bio (Advisor or Review Panel member)IDbyDNA (Employee) Robert Schlaberg, MD, MPH, IDbyDNA"}
{"text": "Background: Maine veterans represent 11.8% of Maine population, twice that of the United States. Veterans are at risk for social isolation, loneliness and suicide. The mission of Vet To Vet (V2V) Maine, a non-profit organization, connects trained veteran volunteers with fellow veterans (veteran friends) for companionship, assistance with benefits, and support independent living. This study: (1) assessed if V2V program fulfilled its mission; and (2) determined any care partner effects from the program. Methods: Mixed methods research spanned 6-months, 2019-2020. Twenty-four participants; trained Veteran Volunteers (VV) were paired with Veteran Friends. Four Care Partners (CP) of Veteran Friends participated. Assessments included pre/post Veteran Rand Health Survey (VR-12), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Late Onset Stress Symptomatology (LOSS) Short Form. CPs completed pre/post Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22) assessments. Qualitative interviews focused on visits/activities, relationship building, and program feedback. Data analyses included Wilcoxon Sign Test and NVivo 12+ Qualitative Data Analysis Software. Results: Pre/post data failed to show significance (P=.05), however trends supported an improvement in mental and physical health scores. COVID-19 was a confounding variable as state stay-at-home orders occurred at the companion program study mid-point. Three key themes included; (1) Veteran Companionship; (2) Effects of COVID; and (3) Care Partners. The V2V Companion program was determined effective and reported highly successful relationship matches. CPs confirmed the importance and benefits of V2V. Conclusion: The V2V Maine companion program pilot research supported success in connecting Veterans Volunteer and Veteran Friends; fostering companionship, friendships, mentoring, assisting with benefits, and supporting independent living."}
{"text": "This study further evaluated the Haemophilus influenzae , Haemophilus parainfluenzae , Moraxella catarrhalis (490 isolates), and Streptococcus pneumoniae . The isolates were collected primarily from CARTIs (90.8%) and pneumonia in hospitalized patients . Organisms were tested using reference broth microdilution methods in a central laboratory. The study included a total of 2,476 fastidious organisms: 90 values of 0.5 mg/L against H. influenzae and 1 mg/L against H. parainfluenzae isolates. All 18 BLNAR isolates from these two species were inhibited at \u22641 mg/L of tebipenem. The MIC90 values observed for ertapenem and meropenem was 0.25 mg/L for these organisms. Tebipenem displayed good activity against M. catarrhalis . Tebipenem inhibited 100% of S. pneumoniae isolates at \u22641 mg/L. Tebipenem activity  was 8-fold greater than ertapenem  against S. pneumoniae isolates.Tebipenem had MICHaemophilus isolates, including all BLNAR, were inhibited at \u22641 mg/L. All M. catarrhalis isolates were inhibited at \u22640.03 mg/L. Although tebipenem activity correlated with penicillin resistance, all S. pneumoniae isolates were inhibited at \u22641 mg/L. Tebipenem in vitro activity was greater than ertapenem when tested against S. pneumoniae isolates. This data supports the possible development of tebipenem as an oral option for combating CARTIs caused by these organisms.Tebipenem displayed potent activity against fastidious organisms causing respiratory tract infections. Greater than 99.7% of all TableS J Ryan Arends, PhD, AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Nabriva Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support) Abby L. Klauer, n/a, Cidara Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support) Nicole Cotroneo, Spero Therapeutics  Ian A. Critchley, Ph.D., Spero Therapeutics  Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie (Research Grant or Support)AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla USA Inc. (Research Grant or Support)ContraFect Corporation (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Nabriva Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Shionogi (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)"}
{"text": "CHARGE-AF in a national routine primary care electronic health records database in the Netherlands: validation for 5-year risk of atrial fibrillation and implications for patient selection in atrial fibrillation screening. Open Heart 2021;8:e001459. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001459Himmelreich JCL, Lucassen WAM, Harskamp RE, This article has been corrected since it was first published. The provenance and peer review statement has been included."}
{"text": "Lithobiomorpha, with only 100 species/subspecies hitherto known from the country, among which are only seven species of Hessebius. Here we are describing a new species of the genus Hessebius.The myriapod fauna of China is still poorly known and very little attention had been paid to the study of Hessebiuscrassifemoralis sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve, Hebei Province, China. The new species is compared with H.luquensis Qiao, Qin, Ma, Su & Zhang, 2018 from Gansu Province, China. A key to Chinese species, based on adult specimens, is provided. Type specimens and other material are deposited in the School of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, China.A new lithobiid species,  Hessebius was originally proposed as a genus in the family Lithobiidae by H.kosswigi Verhoeff, 1941 and H.tauricus Verhoeff, 1941 described from Turkey. The latter species was re-assigned to the genus Lithobius Leach, 1814 by Hessebius and considered it as having generic rank and selected H.kosswigi Verhoeff, 1941 from Turkey, by subsequent designation, as type species , southern Urals, south-west Russia , westwards up to the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean basin   . Present species , amongstSpecimens were collected under leaf litter or stones and preserved in 75% ethanol. Illustrations and measurements were produced using a ZEISS SteREO Discovery.V20 microscope equipped with an Abbe drawing tube and an ocular micrometre and Axiocam 512 colour. The colour description is based on specimens fixed in 75% ethanol. The body length is measured from the anterior margin of the cephalic plate to the posterior end of the postpedal tergite. The terminology of the external anatomy follows Pei, Ma, Lu, Liu & Liang, 2021sp. n.6052AC1A-AB01-5DF2-945C-D73F732AC739293BB0D6-D9DA-4971-8017-430612B8B6C0Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Pei, Ma, Lu, Liu & Liang; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Hessebiuscrassifemoralis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Chilopoda; order: Lithobiomorpha; family: Lithobiidae; genus: Hessebius; taxonRank: species; taxonomicStatus: species; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Hebei; county: Taocheng; locality: Longyuan hotel, Hebei Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve, Hebei Province, China; verbatimElevation: 24 m a.s.l.; decimalLatitude: 37.649011; decimalLongitude: 115.659337; Identification: identifiedBy: Huiqin Ma; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: eventDate: 24/07/2020; Record Level: collectionCode: Myriapoda; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Pei, Ma, Lu, Liu & Liang; individualCount: 7; sex: 6 male and 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Hessebiuscrassifemoralis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Chilopoda; order: Lithobiomorpha; family: Lithobiidae; genus: Hessebius; taxonRank: species; taxonomicStatus: species; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Hebei; county: Taocheng; locality: Longyuan hotel, Hebei Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve, Hebei Province, China; verbatimElevation: 24 m a.s.l.; decimalLatitude: 37.649011; decimalLongitude: 115.659337; Identification: identifiedBy: Huiqin Ma; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: eventDate: 24/07/2020; Record Level: collectionCode: Myriapoda; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Pei, Ma, Lu, Liu & Liang; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Hessebiuscrassifemoralis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Chilopoda; order: Lithobiomorpha; family: Lithobiidae; genus: Hessebius; taxonRank: species; taxonomicStatus: species; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Hebei; county: Jizhou; locality: Weitun town, Jizhou County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, China; verbatimElevation: 23 m a.s.l.; decimalLatitude: 37.608275; decimalLongitude: 115.640952; Identification: identifiedBy: Huiqin Ma; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: eventDate: 21/04/2013; Record Level: collectionCode: Myriapoda; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenBody Fig. A. 9.9\u201315Colour. Antennae chestnut-brown, the base nodes a deeper shade, the chestnut-brown gradually becomes yellow-brown at the end of articles 3\u20135, terminal article yellow brown; tergites yellow-brown with brownish hue, cephalic plate, TT13\u201315 deep red-brown; pleural region pale grey with pale purple hue; sternites pale yellow-brown; distal part of forcipules dark brown; basal and proximal parts of forcipules and forcipular coxosternite and SS14 and 15 yellow-brown; all legs pale yellow-brown with pale blackish hue; tarsus 1 of tibia yellow-brown, tarsus 2 more yellow on all legs.Antennae. 18\u201323 articles, but antennae were damaged in the most part of the specimens examined and only eleven appear complete, usually 19\u201321 articles. Length of first antennal article slightly longer than width of the base, length of the remaining articles obviously larger than wide, the distalmost articles still significantly longer than wide, 2.3\u20133.1 times as long as wide; abundant setae on the antennal surface, fewer on the basal articles, gradual increasing in density to approximately the fifth article, then more or less constant.Cephalic plate. Smooth, convex, slightly wider than long; tiny setae emerging from pores scattered very sparsely over the whole surface; frontal marginal ridge with shallow anterior median furrow; short to long setae scattered along the marginal ridge of the cephalic plate; lateral marginal ridge discontinuous, posterior margin continuous, almost straight, evidently wider than lateral marginal ridge Fig. B.Ocelli. Six to seven (commonly seven) oval to rounded ocelli on each side, from small to large, arranged in three irregular rows, the posterior ocellus the largest. Ventral ocelli slightly smaller than the dorsal, domed, translucent and usually darkly pigmented Fig. C.T\u00f6m\u00f6sv\u00e1ry\u2019s organ Fig. C. Close Coxosternite. Subtrapezoidal Fig. D, anteriTergites. Smooth, without wrinkles, dorsum slightly convex; short to long tiny setae emerging from pores scattered sparsely over the entire surface, near the margin with few long setae; TT1 and 3 narrower than the cephalic plate, T3 wider than the T1. T1 narrower postero-laterally than antero-laterally, generally inverted trapezoidal; lateral marginal ridges of all tergites continuous. Posterior margin of TT1, 3 and 5 continuous, posterior margin of TT8, 10, 12 and 14 discontinuous; posterior margin of TT1 and 3 straight, posterior marginal ridge of TT3 and 5 slightly concave, TT8, 10, 12 and 14 concave  in female, 4-5-5(4)-4 and 3-4-4-3 in male; slightly oval or round, commonly round, coxal pore field set in a relatively shallow groove, the coxal pore-field fringe with a slight prominence and moderately long setae sparsely scattered over the surface.Female. S15 anterior margin broader than posterior, generally an inverted trapezoid, pos\u00adtero-medially concave. Moderately long setae sparsely scattered on S15 surface. Surface of the lateral sternal margin of genital segment well chitinised, posterior mar\u00adgin of genital sternite deeply concave between condyles of gonopods, except for a small, median tongue-shaped bulge. Relatively long setae very sparsely scattered over ventral surface of the genital segment, slightly more setae on posterior part, especially along the posterior edge. Gonopods: first article fairly broad, bearing many moderately long setae; with 3+3 small coniform spurs, inner spur slightly smaller than the outer Fig. A; secondMale. S 15 posterior margin narrower than anterior, postero-medially straight, sparsely covered with long setae; sternite of genital segment evidently smaller than the female, usually sclerotised; posterior margin deeply concave between the gonopods, without medial bulge. Short to long setae equally scattered on the ventral surface of the genital segment. Gonopods short and small, appearing as small finger-like bulges, with two long setae, apically slightly sclerotised Fig. E.H.longispinipes Ma, Pei & Zhu, 2009 from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China SW, with which it shares antennae 18\u201323 articles, six to seven ocelli on each side arranged in three irregular rows, the posterior ocellus largest, 2+2 prosternal teeth, coxal pore formula of 3\u20135, dorsal sulci present on male tibia of legs 14th and 15th and legs 15th lacking accessory spurs. However, they can be distinguished easily by the following characters. The new species absent dorsal posterior spine of tibia of legs 14 in contrast to present in H.longispinipes; DaC spine present on the legs 9\u201312 vs. absent in H.longispinipes; having 3+3 coniform-shaped spurs of female gonopods instead of 2+2 bullet-shaped spurs in H.longispinipes; apical claw of female gonopods bidentate instead of simple apical claw in H.longispinipes.The new species is morphologically close to Hessebius, an identification key is offered, emphasising characters that can be examined without high-magnification microscopy; moreover, these characters are specific to the taxa occurring in China.To assist in the identification of the Chinese species belonging to the genus"}
{"text": "Correction to: Isr J Health Policy Res 10, 24 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-021-00460-2results and study limitations section. The incorrect and correct information is shown here, the updated information is shown in bold. The original article has been updated.In the original publication of the article  there waIncorrectTwelve Israeli hospitals  participated in the study: Shamir-Asaf HaRofe (Rishon Lezion), Poria (Tiberias), Mayanei Hayeshua (Bnei Brak), Ichilov (Tel Aviv), Wolfson (Holon), Barzilai (Ashkelon), Bnei Zion (Haifa), Hadassah Ein Karem , Bikur Cholim  and Shaarei Zedek . Excluded hospitals included the seven hospitals of Clalit HMO: Rabin-Beilinson (Petach Tikva), Yoseftal (Eilat), Soroka (Beersheva), HaEmek (Afula), Meir (Kfar Saba), Kaplan (Rehovot), Carmel (Haifa). Also excluded were hospitals that did not obtain IRB approval: the Nazareth hospitals , Sheba (Tel Hashomer), Laniado (Netanya), Hillel Yaffe (Hadera), Rambam (Haifa).CorrectZiv (Tzfat), Poria (Tiberias), Mayanei Hayeshua (Bnei Brak), Ichilov (Tel Aviv), Wolfson (Holon), Barzilai (Ashkelon), Bnei Zion (Haifa), Hadassah Ein Karem , Hadassah Mt Scopus , Bikur Cholim  and Shaarei Zedek . Excluded hospitals included the seven hospitals of Clalit HMO: Rabin-Beilinson (Petach Tikva), Yoseftal (Eilat), Soroka (Beersheva), HaEmek (Afula), Meir (Kfar Saba), Kaplan (Rehovot), Carmel (Haifa). Also excluded were hospitals that did not obtain IRB approval: the Nazareth hospitals , Sheba (Tel Hashomer), Laniado (Netanya), Hillel Yaffe (Hadera), Rambam (Haifa).Twelve Israeli hospitals  participated in the study: Shamir-Asaf HaRofe (Rishon Lezion), IncorrectThere was some degree of geographical bias. The central region is represented reasonably appropriately; Shamir-Asaf HaRofe (Rishon Lezion), Mayanei Hayeshua (Bnei Brak), Ichilov (Tel Aviv), and Wolfson (Holon) are included, while Rabin-Beilinson (Petach Tikva), Meir (Kfar Saba), Sheba (Tel Hashomer), Laniado (Netanya) are not. However outside of the central region, there is geographical bias, with over-representation of Jerusalem and under-representation of the north and south. Clalit have no hospitals in the Jerusalem area, the highest birthrate area in the country, and so all the Jerusalem hospitals  were included. By comparison, in the north only Poria (Tiberias), Ziv (Tzfat), and Bnei Zion (Haifa) were included, while HaEmek (Afula), Carmel (Haifa), the Nazareth hospitals, Galilee Medical Center (Nahariya), Hillel Yaffe (Hadera), and Rambam (Haifa) were not. In the south only Barzilai (Ashkelon) was included, while Yoseftal (Eilat), Soroka (Beersheva), and Kaplan (Rehovot) were not.CorrectShaarei Zedek, Bikur Cholim, Hadassah Ein Karem and Hadassah Mt Scopus) were included. By comparison, in the north only Poria (Tiberias), Ziv (Tzfat), and Bnei Zion (Haifa) were included, while HaEmek (Afula), Carmel (Haifa), the Nazareth hospitals, Galilee Medical Center (Nahariya), Hillel Yaffe (Hadera), and Rambam (Haifa) were not. In the south only Barzilai (Ashkelon) was included, while Yoseftal (Eilat), Soroka (Beersheva), and Kaplan (Rehovot) were not.There was some degree of geographical bias. The central region is represented reasonably appropriately; Shamir-Asaf HaRofe (Rishon Lezion), Mayanei Hayeshua (Bnei Brak), Ichilov (Tel Aviv), and Wolfson (Holon) are included, while Rabin-Beilinson (Petach Tikva), Meir (Kfar Saba), Sheba (Tel Hashomer), Laniado (Netanya) are not. However outside of the central region, there is geographical bias, with over-representation of Jerusalem and under-representation of the north and south. Clalit have no hospitals in the Jerusalem area, the highest birthrate area in the country, and so all the Jerusalem hospitals ("}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Infect Dis 21, 459 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06170-zAfter publication of the original article , an erroThe incorrect names are:Sima Pourteymour;Hassan MahmoudiThe correct names are:Sima Pourteimour;Hassan MahmoodiThe original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "This requires taxonomically accurate training sets for correct species identification and the present paper is the first to provide such data.Southern Ocean ecosystems are currently experiencing increased environmental changes and anthropogenic pressures, urging scientists to report on their biodiversity and biogeography. Two major taxonomically diverse and trophically important gelatinous zooplankton groups that have, however, stayed largely understudied until now are the cnidarian jellyfish and ctenophores. This data scarcity is predominantly due to many of these fragile, soft-bodied organisms being easily fragmented and/or destroyed with traditional net sampling methods. Progress in alternative survey methods including, for instance, optics-based methods is slowly starting to overcome these obstacles. As video annotation by human observers is both time-consuming and financially costly, machine-learning techniques should be developed for the analysis of in situ optics-based surveys of jellyfish and ctenophores found under the ice in the McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Our study constitutes the first optics-based survey of gelatinous zooplankton in the Ross Sea and the first study to use in situ / in aqua observations to describe taxonomic and some trophic and behavioural characteristics of gelatinous zooplankton from the Southern Ocean. Despite the small geographic and temporal scales of our study, we provided new undescribed morphological traits for all observed gelatinous zooplankton species (eight cnidarian and four ctenophore species). Three ctenophores and one leptomedusa likely represent undescribed species. Furthermore, along with the photography and videography, we prepared a Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset, so that this study is the first to provide a taxonomist-ratified image training set for future machine-learning algorithm development concerning Southern Ocean gelatinous zooplankton species.In this study, we twice conducted three week-long  Southern Ocean ecosystems have experienced increasing environmental changes over the last decades . These cGelatinous zooplankton, comprising jellyfish, ctenophores and chordate tunicates , are ubiin situ optical methods certainly lies in the development of more efficient and accurate video/image analysis tools, with machine-learning-based algorithms able to distinguish between the numerous species, an additional difficulty is providing an accurate training dataset. As biogeographic datasets and imaging libraries for gelatinous zooplankton are growing, species misidentification is not uncommon, highlighting the need for taxonomically-accurate datasets  , the French Fran\u00e7ais expedition 1904\u20131907 and the Swedish Antarctic 1901\u20131903 expedition   e.g. , the Bri3\u201d) e.g. , the Scond sank) . After tnd sank) , up untiand 1972 . Totalli20-130\u00b0W . In moreern e.g.  and cruiaru e.g. . All thein situ and live animal-based photography and videography to describe taxonomic and some trophic and behavioural characteristics of living hydromedusae, scyphomedusae, siphonophores and ctenophores from the Southern Ocean. Furthermore, we prepared a Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset, so that this study is the first to provide a taxonomist-ratified image training set for future machine-learning algorithm development concerning Southern Ocean gelatinous zooplankton species.Reports employing alternative survey methods for gelatinous zooplankton in the Southern Ocean, such as genetics or optics-based surveys, are few. For instance, sequences suitable for DNA barcoding remain rare, especially at species-level taxonomic resolution, with the notable exceptions of some siphonophore species e.g.  and a feImagery and video data of under-ice gelatinous zooplankton were acquired at Cape Evans  over two different field campaigns conducted during the period of November-December 2018 and 2019 (Antarctic summer). A field camp was established for a duration of 3 weeks for each campaign, and was located approximately 200 m from the coast on Antarctic fast-ice  Fig. . Due to in situ as they neared the water-air interface and the LED light immersed in the water. Subjects smaller in size or dynamic in movement, were scooped out of the water using a 15 \u00d7 15 cm acrylic glass container filled with water at the in situ temperature, imaged with the same set-up under controlled illumination conditions and then returned to the water. It is worth mentioning that this observation methodology was non-exhaustive and limited to organisms that were easily seen from the ice-hole opening.For both campaigns, a large 2 \u00d7 1.8 m ice-hole was made through a combination of 6\u201d Jiffy auger holes and hot-water drilling , equipped with a GoPro Hero 5; a Seabotix LBV-300 ROV  for the 2018 campaign and a BlueROV2  for the 2019 campaign. Additional underwater footage straight beneath the ice hole was acquired using Boxfish 360\u2019s three large Micro Four Thirds cameras  deployed at different depths of the water columns using a weighted rope.https://github.com/openvinotoolkit/cvat). COCO is a large-scale object detection, segmentation and captioning dataset. It is the most popular type of dataset used for training deep learning programmes.The raw, untreated images and videos were used to build online datasets (see \"Data resources\" section). The brightness and contrast of the images to build the plates  were sometimes altered to reveal underlying morphological structures. The Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset was generated by annotating the specimens in the images and videos using the free, open source, Computer Vision Annotation Tool (CVAT) FDF620AB-2967-50F2-A3A3-916F38CF394EType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2019_Koellikerina_maasi_a; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: \"http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993\", \"https://youtu.be/QiBPf_HYrQ8\", \"https://youtu.be/-BonvTRljY8\"; Taxon: scientificName: Koellikerinamaasi; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Bougainvilliidae; genus: Koellikerina; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90mm F2.8 Macro G OSS lens; eventDate: 2019-11-26; Record Level: type: StillImage, Video; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2018_Koellikerina_maasi_b; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993; Taxon: scientificName: Koellikerinamaasi; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Bougainvilliidae; genus: Koellikerina; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: NIKON D500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90mm F2.8 Di Macro VC USD F017N lens; eventDate: 2018-11-27; Record Level: type: StillImage; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2018_Koellikerina_maasi_c; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993; Taxon: scientificName: Koellikerinamaasi; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Bougainvilliidae; genus: Koellikerina; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: NIKON D500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90mm F2.8 Di Macro VC USD F017N lens; eventDate: 2018-11-29; Record Level: type: StillImage; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliSouthern Ocean, in the McMurdo Sound , off Ad\u00e9Original description afterBrowne (1910)Koellikeriamaasi Browne, 1910) : Bell-shaped medusa, with very thick, higher than broad (up to 9 mm wide and 10 mm high), umbrella with a rounded summit; four broad radial canals, adjacent to the ectodermal lining of the sub-umbrella, attached at the base of the stomach; radial grooves in the wall of the sub-umbrella, adjacent to the radial canals; large and cross-shaped stomach, interior covered with minute endodermal papillae, with a slender mesogleal strand running along the centre of the papilla; four dichotomously branched perradial oral tentacles inserted above the mouth rim, the number of branches increasing with age , distal branches terminating with small nematocyst-covered cap; mouth circular and simple; four perradial gonadal masses, covering nearly entirely the outer wall of the manubrium; eight groups of solid marginal tentacles , the number of tentacles in each group increasing with age, with three to seven tentacles in the perradial groups and three to five tentacles in the interradial groups, the middle tentacle per group being the longest, with the middle tentacle of the perradial groups being longer than the middle one of the interradial groups; no ocelli present. Characters gleaned from species\u2019 illustrations : mesogleal thickness between the ex- and sub-umbrella on the top of the bell ca. one fourth of the height of the ex-umbrella in young specimens and ca. half the height in adults; manubrium size ca. one third the height of the sub-umbrella in young specimens, ca. half the height in adults. Type locality: McMurdo Sound , Antarctica.10) Fig. A-B: BellAdditional information from specimens from the Southern Ocean: from Gauss Station (0-385 m depth) (Weddell Sea (m depth)  ; from New Zealand  as a juvenile Original description afterLarson and Harbison (1990): Conical umbrella with a pointed projection of variable height (dimensions of holotype: 10 mm high \u00d7 9 mm wide); thick mesoglea; velum narrow, thin, and transparent; four large perradial tentacles, tapering and not laterally compressed, which are coiled when contracted; salmon-coloured perradial tentacle bulbs; up to 28 short \u201crudimentary\u201d tentacles Fig. A: ConicaAdditional information on specimens identified as same species from outside the Southern Ocean: from the Mediterranean Sea : N = 2 in 2018, N = 1 in 2019. The morphology of our observed specimens matched closely those from previous descriptions. The height of the apical pointed projection ca. 15-20% of the bell height, corresponding to the \u201cvariable height\u201d from the original description B8139797-14CE-5599-9F80-7BBBE4F716DBType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2018_Solmundella_bitentaculata_a; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993; Taxon: scientificName: Solmundellabitentaculata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Narcomedusae; family: Solmundaeginidae; genus: Solmundella; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumElevationInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: NIKON D500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90mm F2.8 Di Macro VC USD F017N lens; eventDate: 2018-11-27; Record Level: type: StillImage; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliCosmopolitan . In the Original description afterQuoy and Gaimard (1833)Carybdeabitentaculata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) : umbrella consisting of two parts, with a heart-like, marquee-shaped upper part and a more flared, undulated , lower part; two thin, long, rigid tentacles, with inside looking hollow, bending like horns and leaving from the junction between the two umbrella parts, penetrating deep inside the umbrella; large stomach, located deep in the umbrella, harbouring eight manubrial pouches; colour of the bottom of the medusa white or a red-gold yellow; colour of the tentacles reddish at the tip, greenish in the middle. Type locality: Ambon Bay, Indonesia.33) Fig. A: umbrelAdditional information from specimens from the Southern Ocean: There is currently only one species of Solmundella, though historically they were long dissociated into the species S.bitentaculata  and S.mediterranea , which were subsequently synonymised  little broader than high, with a rather flat top, about on the level of the exit of the tentacles. Many small clusters of ectodermal cells scattered over the ex-umbrella, especially noticeable near the margin of the umbrella, containing many well-defined granules and generally harboured amongst those cells are a number of nematocysts. Four peronial grooves in the wall of the umbrella, cutting deep into the jelly at the margin of the umbrella, but of variable length and depth, with very conspicuous rudimentary grooves in each of the perradii without tentacles. The peronial band in each of the perradii without tentacles, runs alongside the sub-umbrella and turns off at the level of the stomach to the ex-umbrella, where there is a small funnel-shaped pit, showing a fair amount of variation. Gonads confined to the pouches of the stomach, but can extend over the lower part of to the stomach, nearly up to the mouth. Mouth circular. Tentacles 4-7 times as long as the umbrella diameter, of max. 40 mm in length. Margin of the umbrella invariably curled up. Up to eight sensory organs. Four minute interradial bulbs on the margin; from Gauss Station as S.bitentaculata, up to nine mm in diameter, one sensory organ  per quadrant, flanked by two or three rhopali [sic] : N = 1 in 2018. The shape of the bell (height 2/3 of width) was similar to the original description (i.e. upper marquee-shaped part and lower flatter part)  Fig. A and, thrt) Fig. F, Japan ted e.g.  or repreted e.g. . AlthougB2020F4A-E1F8-5DB6-89F9-C0C0C30C7FA3Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2019_Leptomedusa_sp_A_a; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Leptomedusae; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90mm F2.8 Macro G OSS lens; eventDate: 2019-11-14; Record Level: type: StillImage; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliDescription of and comments on observed material: N = 1 in 2019   . The pre(Cosmetirella simplex sp. inc.)F649419A-E6FF-5483-A401-8EAC31A7EAADType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2019_Leptomedusa_sp_B_a; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: https://youtu.be/hrufuPQ7F8U; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Leptomedusae; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90mm F2.8 Macro G OSS lens; eventDate: 2019-11-22; Record Level: type: StillImage, Video; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliDescription of and comments on observed material: N = 1 in 2019 , presence of statocysts or cordyli , gonads not extending on manubrium (Tiarannidae). Transparent medusa, four radial canals; 28 tentacles, short and white, with the inside of tentacle bulb light orange; sometimes one rudimentary tentacle bulb between each pair of tentacles; gonads very thin and linear located on the lateral canals, ca. one third of the radial canals away from the bell margin and length ca. one fifth of the length of the radial canal. Diagnostic characters that could not be definitively verified for further classification of the medusa: distinction and structure of statocyst or cordyli, gastric peduncle and manubrium connection to sub-umbrella. It resembles Cosmetirellasimplex Browne, 1910, which was described with 32 tentacles or more and which is currently regarded as synonymous with Cosmetirelladavisii  , which was described by C.simplex) and a larger form from the sub-Antarctic with more (56-150) tentacles (C.davisii + C.kerguelensis). Until these forms can be definitively assigned to the same species using molecular techniques, we tentatively assign the present individual to C.simplex, noting that, although cirri apparently are not present, we were unable to count the number or observe the type of statocysts for a definitive species identification.019 Fig. . This mel canals . The folMoser, 1925FE07A83C-DB7C-5162-8797-BC5A593B1624Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2019_Pyrostephos_vanhoeffeni_a; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: \"http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993\", \"https://youtu.be/R5E_HAW49DM\", \"https://youtu.be/o0XGpFavjyo\", \"https://youtu.be/QAADM0MERIo\", \"https://youtu.be/zEA6-7-qcYI\", \"https://youtu.be/SbuAA2nEVnU\"; Taxon: scientificName: Pyrostephosvanhoeffeni; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Siphonophorae; family: Pyrostephidae; genus: Pyrostephos; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90mm F2.8 Macro G OSS lens; eventDate: 2019-11-25; Record Level: type: StillImage, Video; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2019_Pyrostephos_vanhoeffeni_b; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: \"http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993\", \"https://youtu.be/tW2Ko92f3Bo\", \"https://youtu.be/2rrQCybEg0Q\", \"https://youtu.be/G9tev_gdUvQ\", \"https://youtu.be/NfJjKBRh5Hs\", \"https://youtu.be/1-aLzxLpzWs\", \"https://youtu.be/HnaIASH9yM0\", \"https://youtu.be/OSTJ3ldg63w\", \"https://youtu.be/d7OPyXn64g4\", \"https://youtu.be/YE50FZg8mpU\", \"https://youtu.be/csUoJl5Mapc\", \"https://youtu.be/uc6cP0YSrwc\"; Taxon: scientificName: Pyrostephosvanhoeffeni; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Siphonophorae; family: Pyrostephidae; genus: Pyrostephos; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90mm F2.8 Macro G OSS lens; eventDate: 2018-11-29; Record Level: type: StillImage, Video; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano Cimoli71\u00b02\u2019S, 166\u00b024\u2019E)   , east An66\u00b024\u2019E) ; north o19\u00b054\u2019W) ; Souther19\u00b054\u2019W) ; South A19\u00b054\u2019W) , Argenti19\u00b054\u2019W)  and San 19\u00b054\u2019W) ; New Zea19\u00b054\u2019W) .Original description afterMoser (1925): The original description is convoluted with much misapplied terminology, which was clarified and represented by 925)Fig. A-B: The Description afterTotton (1965)of specimens at longitude 90\u00b0E, just off the Antarctic continent and from the Ross Sea from under the ice: we updated the terminology to describe Siphonophorae as in Pneumatophore: apex not pigmented. Nectosome: relatively long, two rows of nectophores. Nectophores: minimum 20 mm in length, carried on narrow muscular lamellae, which are inserted into a long bow-shaped mantle  canal that lies in a groove on the pedicular side  of the nectophore. The pedicular canal  bifurcates almost at once to form the upper  and lower  radial canals. The two lateral radial canals arise separately from the upper canal and take an outward and ascending course on the pedicular nectosac-wall to cross over on to the lateral wall of the same. Here, each form first a small downward loop and then the main downward, lateral loop. After crossing under a fold in the lateral wall, each makes a final downward loop to run to the circular canal round the ostium. The lower radial canal is generally straight, but may have a few small bends. The upper canal usually has three or four more marked bends on the upper part of the nectosac. Nectosac has inpushing of the proximal  side of its median part, absence of musculature from the median wall part similar to Bargmannia spp. or Marrus spp. Siphosome: dioecious (single-sexed), gonophores budding from one another to form small bunches, with male gonophores sausage shaped (size at maturity 1.3 \u00d7 0.5 mm) or female gonophores ovoid (0.5 mm in diameter), containing three to five eggs arranged meridionally and giving external appearance of the seams of a football. Continuous ventral line of budding gastrozooids (on the unsegmented stem), with young gastrozooids having an almost cylindrical basigaster and a conventional tentacle arising from a point very close to the junction of the basigaster with the pedicel (or pedicle). Mature gastrozooids (15 \u00d7 2 mm) spindle-shaped, consisting of three sections: the basigaster, the main stomach and a proboscis. Endodermal wall of the stomach vacuolated and consisting of four main types of cells. Each vacuole (ca. 0.07 mm in diameter) surrounded by 4-5 smaller more irregular vacuolated cells and forming transparent patches visible through the stomach wall. Small darker conical-shaped secretory cells  present in endoderm, located at the intersection of several cell boundaries, with their hemispherical surfaces projecting into the lumen of the gastrozooid and carrying stiff cilia (ca. 0.01 mm in length), similar to those described in the palpons of Apolemia by Colour: stem orange in adults, vermilion in juveniles; nectophores wine red in adults, pink in juveniles; ostia carmine; gastrozooids golden red with fiery red mouth; cnidosacs fiery red.Description of and comments on observed material : N = 3 in 2018, N = 4 in 2019. Pneumatophore: non-retractable transparent tube  by angling the ostial velum of the nectophores to deflect extruded water anteriorally , Bellingshausen Sea : medusa with 16 rhopalia, 16 tentacles and 32 marginal lappets, regularly alternating, with narrow canals, ramified at the periphery, connected through a circular canal. Early stage (15 mm diameter)  .rMaas 190, with 16 fairly long arms divided into two flat lobes, 32 straight unbranched radial canals, 16 of which directly run from the stomach to the rhopalia and alternating with 16 in the axis of the tentacles, the latter developed slightly later than the rhopalial canals. Tentacles in rudimentary stage, either as bulb-like buds, tapering elongated buds or minute tentacles. In the smallest ephyra, only four of those tentacular buds present and an additional 12 buds develop, in irregular intervals and without any definite order, as the medusa grows. Stomach small and circular, with four gastric filaments (number increasing as medusa grows), with one filament in each group much longer than the others in the early developmental stages. Mouth simple large opening, without any definite lips or arms, which appear later. Ex-umbrella covered with small clusters of nematocysts, which, in later stages, will be confined to the aboral side of the marginal lobes. Circular canal formed by outgrowths from the radial canals and formed before the branches of the rhopaliar canals begin to develop. Meta-ephyra stage (15-25 mm diameter) similar to Adult stage , umbrella thin, margin of the mouth studded with warts and short protuberances containing nematocysts, stomach is a flat circular cavity (size 2/3 of umbrella diameter), covered in a moderately thick layer of mesoglea on its lower side. Radial canals as described by Bellingshausen Sea, Ross Sea and Davis Sea  appears in Figure 3 of Beroe sp. A or B. Regarding \"B.ovale\" .ral pole . The ide species , many ha species . We, thean Table , namely:ion e.g.  . Another pink-orange Beroe was collected and photographed off Argentina, but the specimen was too damaged to properly identify , eight comb rows above the meridional canals, starting close to the aboral end, of equal length ca. 2/3 of the body length [ca. 85 comb plates per row in Little Razorback Island LRISH2010_Beroe_sp_A_g specimen], meridional canals extend past the oral end of the comb rows, space between comb plates short ; white and brownish-orange divertula without anastomoses; orange-brown stomodeum, its length nearly full body length. None of the currently described Beroe species found in the Southern Ocean matched with the description of our specimens , transparent  or of lighter colour  : length specimens 2-13 mm, body slim, slightly flattened at the stomodaeal region. Two keels at the aboral pole , the body gradually widening from the mouth onwards when viewed from the substomodeal plane, while appearing cylindrical and tapered towards both ends when viewed from the subtentacular plane. Lip-shaped protuberance (i.e. \u201cSinnesk\u00f6rper\u201d) near statocyst missing. The keels are wide and short, similar to those of Callianiraantarctica, but much shorter compared to those of Callianirabialata. The oval opening of the tentacle sheath is located laterally directly under the blunt tips of the keels, lower compared to C.antarctica. The comb rows lie on strong protruding meridional ridges, between which the body surface is concave. The comb rows are very long, with the substomodeal comb rows running from the height of the statocyst to one-fifth of the body length from the oral end, whereas the shorter subtentacular comb rows run from slightly deeper in the base of the wings to one-quarter of the body length from the oral end. The comb plates (i.e. \u201cSchwimmpl\u00e4ttchen\u201d) lie on strongly protruding basal swellings ; they are narrow and very long, the longest comb plates found in the aboral third of the body, from where they shorten fairly quickly in length towards the aboral pole and gradually shorten towards the oral pole. The space between the comb plates of the substomodeal comb rows is wider compared to the subtentacular ones. Two long polar plates slide between the aboral ends of the substomodeal comb rows. Mouth small and is bound by two lips lying in the stomodaeal plane. Stomach very slim and long (length ca. 4/5 body length), with short swellings. Perradial canals (i.e. \u201cTrichtergef\u00e4\u00df\u201d) short, rather thick pipes. Statocyst exposed. The adradial canals  enter the meridional canals  at the same height as the infundibulum (i.e. \u201cTrichter\u201d). Tentacle bulbs short and wide, located very low, at the same height as the infundibulum, between the infundibulum and the body wall. The tentacle bulbs are pointed orally, split aborally into two short tips and have in their middle, both proximally and distally, each a short cone, from which the tentacle arises. Tentacle sheath (i.e. \u201cScheide\u201d) short and very wide, with small oval openings near the tip of the keels. Colour not stated, likely colourless. Compared to C.antarctica, the only other Callianira species reported from the Southern Ocean , Antarctica.09) Fig. A-B: lengean e.g. , accordiDescription and comments of observed material: N = 1 in 2019  and a Cydippida sp.  from Antarctica. Figure 2 in Mertensiidae sp. Antarctica, while all other figures, including Figure 3 with the photograph, refer to this sequence as \"Cydippida species Antarctica\". Although the morphology of the animal in Figure 3 is vastly different from the undescribed species dealt with in the present paper, it is unclear whether the photograph assigned to the Mertensiid sequence in revision . We provComments on observed material: N = 4 in 2018 and N = 2 in 2019 : Clionelimacinaantarctica     Fig. , Spongio18) Fig. , Limacin19) Fig. ,and variLatreille, 1816B32230DB-33A4-535A-8919-FB7D15CACD8BEusiridae   or Ctenophora (30.6%), whereas the remaining observed phyla, namely Mollusca (22.4%), Arthropoda (8.1%) and Annelida (2.0%), were less represented. The observed species are summarised in Table A total of 49 individuals were observed during the summer of 2018 (N = 25) and 2019 (N = 24). The majority of observed specimens belonged either to the phylum in situ /in aqua optical survey of gelatinous zooplankton from under the ice in the McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Our study represents the first formal optics-based survey of gelatinous zooplankton in the Ross Sea and the first study to use in situ /in aqua observations to describe taxonomic and a few trophic and behavioural characteristics of gelatinous zooplankton from the Southern Ocean. The Ross Sea has seen numerous net sampling surveys of gelatinous zooplankton in the past Data typePDFFile: oo_573830.pdfhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/573830Dr. Michelle Kelly5E8DCF32-F4EA-5BE8-BE25-EC437433D7BD10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.suppl2Supplementary material 2Springer Nature Licence to reuse Fig. 3A (Larson and Harbison 1990)Data typePDFBrief descriptionLicence number: 5119250419357File: oo_573831.pdfhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/573831Dr. Gerlien Verhaegen"}
{"text": "Our recently published paper  reports on Pd-In intermetallic formation regularities and their evolution after storage in air as well as during treatment in oxygen at submillibar pressures. The current paper gives an extended representation of experimental  The apparent photoelectron inelastic mean-free paths  in Pd and In for these three energies were assumed to be 8 \u00c5, 11 \u00c5, and 14 \u00c5, respectively, based on simulations using the QUASES-IMFP-TPP2M software STM measurements of Pd-In/HOPG catalysts have been performed with a UHV 7000 VT microscope  operating in the constant current mode. Pt-Ir alloy cut wires with diameter of 0.25 mm were used as tips. Before measurements, STM images with atomic resolution of clean HOPG were recorded for the scanner calibration and also for control of the tip quality (achieving true atomic resolution was applied as a criterion of sufficient quality. The quantitative analysis of the experimental STM images processing was carried out by the web-based application ParticlesNN exploiting an advanced machine-learning particle recognition algorithm Maxim A. Panafidin: Conceptualization, Investigation, Data curation, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing. Andey V. Bukhtiyarov: Conceptualization, Investigation, Data curation, Writing \u2013 original draft, Writing \u2013 review & editing; Igor P. Prosvirin: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing \u2013 review & editing; Igor A. Chetyrin: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing \u2013 review & editing; Alexander Yu. Klyushin: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing \u2013 review & editing; Axel Knop-Gericke: Formal analysis, Writing \u2013 review & editing; Nadezhda S. Smirnova: Investigation, Formal analysis; Pavel V. Markov: Investigation, Formal analysis; Igor S. Mashkovsky: Investigation, Formal analysis; Yan V. Zubavichus: Writing \u2013 review & editing, Conceptualization, Supervision; Aleksander Yu. Stakheev: Writing \u2013 review & editing, Conceptualization, Supervision; Valerii I. Bukhtiyarov: Writing \u2013 review & editing, Conceptualization, Supervision.The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper."}
{"text": "BMJ 2021;374:n2244, doi:10.1136/bmj.n2244, published 17 September 2021), coauthor Jonathan Valabhji should be linked to affiliation 11 . The article will be updated in due course. In this paper by Hippisley-Cox and colleagues ("}
{"text": "Remdesivir (RDV) is a potent nucleotide prodrug inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of patients hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID-19. This Phase 3 (GS-US-540\u20139012) double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the efficacy and safety of 3 days of RDV to standard of care in non-hospitalized, high-risk participants with confirmed COVID-19.Table 1. COVID-19 related hospitalization or death, COVID-19 related medically attended visits or death, and Treatment Emergent Adverse EventsParticipants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive intravenous (IV) RDV  or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was composite COVID-19 hospitalization or all-cause death by day 28 and compared using Cox proportional hazards model with baseline stratification factors as covariates. The primary safety endpoint was proportion of participants with treatment-emergent adverse events. Study enrollment was terminated early for administrative reasons in light of the evolving pandemic.10 copies/mL. Treatment with RDV significantly reduced COVID-19 hospitalization or all-cause death by day 28  compared to placebo. Participants receiving RDV also had significantly lower risk for COVID-19-related medically attended visits or all-cause death by day 28 compared to placebo . No deaths occurred in either arm by day 28. There was no difference between arms in time-weighted average change in nasopharyngeal viral loads from baseline up to day 7. The proportion of patients with AEs was similar between arms (Table 1); the most common AEs in the RDV arm were nausea (11%), headache (6%), and diarrhea (4%).562 patients underwent randomization and started their assigned treatment . Baseline demographics and characteristics were balanced across arms. Overall, 52% were male, 44% were Hispanic/Latino ethnicity and 30% were \u2265 60 years old. The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (62%), obesity , and hypertension (48%). Median baseline SARS-CoV-2 RNA nasopharyngeal viral load was 6.2 logA 3-day course of IV RDV was safe, well tolerated and highly effective at preventing COVID-19 related hospitalization or death in high-risk non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Joshua A. Hill, MD, Allogene  Involved: Self): Consultant; Allovir  Involved: Self): Consultant, Grant/Research Support; Amplyx  Involved: Self): Consultant; Covance/CSL  Involved: Self): Consultant; CRISPR  Involved: Self): Consultant; Gilead  Involved: Self): Consultant, Grant/Research Support; Karius: Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator; Medscape  Involved: Self): Consultant; Octapharma  Involved: Self): Consultant; OptumHealth  Involved: Self): Consultant; Takeda  Involved: Self): Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator Roger Paredes, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Carlos Vaca, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Jorge Mera, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc ) Gilberto Perez, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Godson Oguchi, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Pablo Ryan, MD PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Jan Gerstoft, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc ) Michael Brown, FRCP PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc ) Morgan Katz, MD, MHS, Roche  Involved: Self): Advisor or Review Panel member; Skinclique  Involved: Self): Consultant Gregory Camus, PhD, Gilead Sciences  Danielle P. Porter, PhD, Gilead Sciences  Robert H. Hyland, DPhil, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Shuguang Chen, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Kavita Juneja, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Employee) Anu Osinusi, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Frank Duff, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Robert L. Gottlieb, MD, Eli Lilly Gilead Sciences GSK (Advisor or Review Panel member)Johnson and Johnson (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Kinevant (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Roche/Genentech (Scientific Research Study Investigator)"}
{"text": "Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants are emerging worldwide. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of 13 severe acute SARS-CoV-2 strains belonging to lineage B.1.525 (variant \u03b7). Betacoronavirus, the subgenus Sarbecovirus included in the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, the family Coronaviridae, and the order Nidovirales. CoVs are enveloped, single-strand, positive-sense RNA viruses, and they are some of the largest RNA viruses known thus far  declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic  strains identified in the Abruzzo region, central Italy. As part of the legislated mandate of the Italian Ministry of Health (protocol 000644-08/01/2021), the sequencing of these strains did not require approval by any ethics committee. In addition, all tasks were conducted in conformity with the Declaration of Helsinki.https://www.gisaid.org), in the United Kingdom. This variant displays a specific set of mutations, with high biological relevance, such as D614G and E484K, which may play a key role in replication, antibody recognition, and vaccine efficacy  values of <20 for all targets. Next generation sequencing was carried out using the Illumina COVIDSeq Test . Deep sequencing was performed on the NextSeq 500 platform  using the NextSeq 500/550 high-output reagent cartridge v2, with 75 cycles and 36-bp paired-end format  for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection prior to genome sequencing . The SARd format .NC_045512) using Snippy v4.5.1 (https://github.com/tseemann/snippy). Consensus sequences were obtained using iVar v1.3  and assigned to the B.1.525 lineage.Multiple sequence alignment of the 13 consensus sequences, using MegAlign PRO , showed differences in the nucleotide sequences resulting in missense mutations and therefore in modifications in the amino acid composition. Before submission to the GISAID and NCBI databases, the sequences were uploaded to the Pangolin COVID-19 lineage assigner , MZ362440 (TE161253/2021), MZ362441 (TE161232/2021), MZ362442 (TE226367/2021), MZ362443 (TE248718/2021), MZ362444 (TE273981/2021), MZ362445 (TE274121/2021), MZ362446 (TE274143/2021), MZ362447 (TE274161/2021), MZ362448 (TE274169/2021), MZ362449 (TE274173/2021), MZ362450 (TE274182/2021), and MZ362451 (TE274189/2021). The SRA accession numbers are SRX11110421 to SRX11110433.The sequences were deposited in the EpiCoV database in GISAID under the following accession numbers: EPI_ISL_1336084 , EPI_ISL_1336083 , EPI_ISL_1403502 , EPI_ISL_1785083 , EPI_ISL_2001420 , EPI_ISL_2308596 , EPI_ISL_2308595 , EPI_ISL_2308593 , EPI_ISL_2308573 , EPI_ISL_2308572 , EPI_ISL_2308571 , EPI_ISL_2308563 , and EPI_ISL_2308562 . The sequences were also deposited in the NCBI database under the following accession numbers:"}
{"text": "C. difficile infections (CDI) are not well understood, and any potential role of CDI in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is presently unknown. While pursuing efforts to identify novel procarcinogenic microbes, we identified two mucosal slurries from CRC patients (3728T and 3752T) that were tumorigenic in germ-free (GF) ApcMin/+ mice. Surprisingly, both of these CRC patient slurries were positive for C. difficile by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Given the ability of other chronic infections to promote tumorigenesis , we hypothesized that chronic colonization with C. difficile could promote tumorigenesis in the colon. Long-term effects of chronic and/or recurrent tcdA+ tcdB+ C. difficile strain (CIm_3728T) was cultured from GF ApcMin/+ mice gavaged with the 3728T slurry. This consortium was gavaged into additional GF ApcMin/+ mice with or without C. difficile strains CIm_3728T, CIm_3752T (isolated from mice gavaged with the 3752T slurry), or isogenic tcdA/tcdB mutants of the M7404 R027 strain. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), high dimensional (HD) flow cytometry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with EUB338 and Cd198 probes were performed on distal colons from mice gavaged with either complex CRC slurries or the 3728T isolates with CIm_3728T.A consortium of 30 bacterial isolates including a toxigenic C. difficile strains drove tumorigenesis of the 3728T isolate mixture . Tumorigenesis was associated with early procarcinogenic signaling and spatial changes including induction of Wnt signaling in colonic epithelial progenitor cells by scRNAseq, IL-17 induction in immune cells by HD flow cytometry, and bacterial biofilm invasion deep into epithelial crypts by FISH. Tumorigenesis correlated with chronic colonization with toxigenic strains of C. difficile and was toxin-dependent, as toxin mutant strains (M7404 tcdA-tcdB-) did not induce tumors.Figure 1. C. difficile strains from CRC patients induce distal colonic tumorigenesis in germ-free (GF) ApcMin/+ mice.A consortium of 30 bacteria, including C. difficile, were isolated from mice gavaged with the 3728T human CRC mucosal slurry. These isolates were then gavaged into additional GF ApcMin/+ mice, with or without C. difficile isolates from mice gavaged with the 3728T slurry or 3752T slurry. (A) Colonic tumor numbers in GF ApcMin/+ mice at 10 wk p.i. demonstrate that C. difficile (Cd) drives the tumorigenesis of this 30-member bacterial consortium. (B) Gross tumors can be observed in the colon of a representative mouse gavaged with the 3728T isolates with the CIm_3728T (top) or CIm_3752T (middle) strain of C. difficile but not in a mouse gavaged with the isolates lacking C. difficile (bottom).C. difficile strains isolated from human CRC mucosal slurries were pro-carcinogenic in mice, suggesting that C. difficile is a potential driver of CRC. Given the public health burden of C. difficile, further studies are warranted to determine whether C. difficile infections  increase CRC risk in patients.Toxigenic Jada Domingue, PhD, AstraZeneca (Employee) James White, PhD, Personal Genome Diagnostics (Consultant) Patricia J. Simner, PhD, Accelerate Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)Affinity Biosensors (Grant/Research Support)BD Diagnostics GeneCapture (Consultant)OpGen, Inc Shionogi, Inc (Consultant) Karen C. Carroll, MD, MeMed (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Meridian Diagnostics, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Pattern Diagnostics (Advisor or Review Panel member)Scanogen, Inc. (Advisor or Review Panel member) Karen C. Carroll, MD, Pattern Diagnostics, Inc.  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Scanogen, Inc.  Involved: Self): Consultant Cynthia L. Sears, MD, Bristol Myers Squibb (Grant/Research Support)Ferring (Advisor or Review Panel member)Janssen (Grant/Research Support)"}
{"text": "CONservative TReatment of Appendicitis in Children: a randomised controlled feasibility Trial (CONTRACT). Arch Dis Child 2021;106:764\u201373. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2020-320746Hall NJ, Eaton S, Sherratt FC, This article has been corrected since it first published. The provenance and peer review statement has been included."}
{"text": "Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03949-7, published online 07 January 2022Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in Reference 32, which was incorrectly given as:285, (2021).Haghnazar, H. et al. Chemosphere Potentially toxic elements contamination in surface sediment and indigenous aquatic macrophytes of the Bahmanshir River, Iran: Appraisal of phytoremediation capability.\u00a0The correct reference is listed below:et al. Potentially toxic elements contamination in surface sediment and indigenous aquatic macrophytes of the Bahmanshir River, Iran: Appraisal of phytoremediation capability. Chemosphere\u00a0285, 131446 (2021).Haghnazar, H. The original Article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Schistosoma mansoni were identified a decade ago, more flatworm genome data is available to identify their NR complement and to analyze the evolutionary relationship of Platyhelminth NRs. NRs are important transcriptional modulators that regulate development, differentiation and reproduction of animals. In this study, NRs are identified in genome databases of thirty-three species including in all Platyhelminth classes . Phylogenetic analysis shows that NRs in Platyhelminths follow two different evolutionary lineages: 1) NRs in a free-living freshwater flatworm (Schmidtea mediterranea) and all parasitic flatworms share the same evolutionary lineage with extensive gene loss. 2) NRs in a free-living intertidal zone flatworm (Macrostomum lignano) follow a different evolutionary lineage with a feature of multiple gene duplication and gene divergence. The DNA binding domain (DBD) is the most conserved region in NRs which contains two C4-type zinc finger motifs. A novel zinc finger motif is identified in parasitic flatworm NRs: the second zinc finger of parasitic Platyhelminth HR96b possesses a CHC2 motif which is not found in NRs of all other animals studied to date. In this study, novel NRs (members of NR subfamily 3 and 6) are identified in flatworms, this result demonstrates that members of all six classical NR subfamilies are present in the Platyhelminth phylum. NR gene duplication, loss and divergence in Platyhelminths are analyzed along with the evolutionary relationship of Platyhelminth NRs.Since the first complete set of Platyhelminth nuclear receptors (NRs) from  Platyhelminths (flatworms) are one of the largest animal phyla, which includes more than 20,000 species , 2. SomeDrosophila melanogaster) [Anopheles gambiae) [Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae) [Ciona intestinalis) [Rattus norvegicus), mouse (Mus musculus) [Homo sapiens) [Nuclear receptors (NRs) are important transcriptional modulators that regulate development, differentiation and reproduction of animals. Most of NRs share a common tertiary structure: A/B-C-D-E domains. The A/B domain is highly variable, the C domain is the DNA-binding domain (DBD) which is the most conserved region containing two zinc finger motifs, the D domain a flexible hinge between the C and E domains and is poorly conserved, the E domain contains the ligand binding domain (LBD) which is involved in transcriptional activation. Atypical NRs are found in some animals, e.g. NRs with a DBD but no LBD are found in arthropods and nematodes, members without a DBD but with a LBD are present in some vertebrates, and NRs with two DBDs and a single LBD (2DBD-NRs) are identified in protostomes. A phylogenetic analysis of the NRs divides them into six classical subfamilies by alignment of the conserved DBD . The earogaster)  the mosqgambiae) , free-liriggsae) , 8, tunitinalis) , mammaliusculus)  and humasapiens) ) revealeSchistosoma mansoni a decade ago [Schistosoma mansoni [Echinococcus multilocularis [S. mansoni and E. multilocularis share the same evolutionary lineage as that of Deuterostomia and the arthropods in the Ecdysozoan clade of the Protostomia, but some divergent NRs in flatworms are not present in Deuterostomia or/and arthropods, for example 2DBD-NRs [Since we identified the first complete set of Platyhelminths nuclear receptors (NRs) from cade ago , more fl mansoni \u201314 and tocularis \u201315 shows2DBD-NRs . In this2DBD-NRs , 18. IdeA schematic that illustrates the different NR subfamilies and NRs in human, insects, Mollusca and Platyhelminths are shown in Nuclear receptors in Platyhelminths were mined from the genome databases in Wormbase ParaSite (version: WBPS15 (WS276)) , 18. AmiPhylogenetic trees were constructed from deduced amino acid sequences of the DBD and/or ligand binding domain (LBD), the sequences are aligned with ClustalW , phylogeSchistosoma mansoni and Echinococcus multilocularis) that have had their NR complement reported [NRs are identified in the genomes of 33 Platyhelminth species including 2 species . In this study, phylogenetic analysis of family 5 , but thefamily 5 \u2013S17 Figs2+ ion. The first zinc finger (CI) contains a sequence element, the P-box [DBD is the most conserved region in NRs, it contains two C4-type zinc finger motifs. In each motif, four cysteine residues chelate one Znhe P-box , 63 whiche P-box .Schistosoma mansoni HR96b (SmNR96b) [Previously, we isolated a partial cDNA of a trematode SmNR96b) , unlike SmNR96b) , 65. In SmNR96b) , 65) is Macrostomum lignano (M. lignano NR3 (MlERRs) shows that all of them are clustered together as a separate group within NR3 subfamily with a high ML/Bayesian support value (Four members of NR subfamily 3 (MlERRs), one member of subfamily 6 (MlNR6) and an orthologue of fax-1 (Mlfax-1) are identified in Rhabditophora  lignano , this rert value . Though rt value , thus thCaenorhabditis elegans NHR236) was present in Cnidaria, Arthropoda, free-living Platyhelminths, Mollusca and Echinodermata [P. xenopodis  [Echinococcus granulosus HR3 (EgHR3) [mediterranea  , which i (EgHR3) , it is p   areDivergent NR refers to a NR which has a typical P-box sequence in the DBD but does not fall into any \u2018typical\u2019 NR groups, for example Platyhelminths NR1a and NR1b with a typical P-box of \u2018CEGCKGFFRR\u2019 belonging to NR subfamily 1 but they do not fit into any groups within the NR1 subfamily. It also refers to a NR which has an atypical P-box sequence in the DBD and does not fall into the present NR nomenclature .S. mediterranea and in Cestoda Mesocestoides corti. Most of the Platyhelminth divergent NRs possess an \u2018atypical\u2019 P-box sequence. For example, a NR with a P-box of \u2018CEPCKVFFKR\u2019 is identified in Monogenea G. salaris, a NR with a P-box of \u2018CEACKAFFQQ\u2019 is found in all analyzed species of Cestoda Hymenolepis family, a NR which has a P-box of \u2018CDSCRAFFEM\u2019 exists in Cestoda Taenia family, a NR with a P-box of \u2018CEACKSFFKR\u2019 is found in Cestoda Diphyllobothriidea order and seventeen NRs with various \u2018atypical\u2019 P-box sequences were identified in Rhabditophora M. lignano  which is the same as that of RXR/TR4/NR4A is found in Rhabditophora  lignano .M. lignano, Cestoda and Mollusca. The result suggests that these divergent NRs diverged and duplicated independently in different animal lineages.A phylogenetic tree of the divergent NRs including those of Platyhelminths and Mollusca was constructed . PhylogeM. lignano and three are identified in S. mediterranea; and two are identified in Cestoda and Trematoda, respectively. Our previous study showed that two TR homologues are present in Platyhelminths [M. lignano TRs are clustered in a group and three S. mediterranea TRs are clustered in another group. This result suggests that TRs duplicated independently in M. lignano, S. mediterranea and parasitic Platyhelminths. In parasitic Platyhelminth TR groups, trematode TRa  are clustered together with those of Monogenea and Cestoda, but trematode TRb  group only contain trematode TRs. This result suggested that one TR was present in a common ancestor of Platyhelminths and trematode TRa was an ancient TR gene. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the two Cestode M. corti TRs are clustered together in Cestoda TR group, this result suggests that TRs in Cestoda and Trematoda underwent duplication independently . Phylogenetic analysis shows HR96d is an ancient genewhich is supported by sequence analysis, with only members of Platyhelminth HR96d sharing the same DBD amino acid length and intron position with that of Mollusca HR96s  and RXR2 group (Schistosoma RXR2 orthologues). RXR2 group is clustered with RXRs of free-living flatworms, Drosophila, Mollusca and human, which suggests that parasitic Platyhelminth RXR2 is an orthologue of free-living flatworms, Drosophila, Mollusca and human RXRs. RXR1 group contains only parasitic Platyhelminth RXRs, which suggests that parasitic Platyhelminth RXR2 duplicated after the split of their common ancestor with free-living Platyhelminths. In free-living flatworms, two M. lignano RXRs are clustered in a group while two S. mediterranea RXRs are scattered in the phylogenetic tree, this result suggests that RXR duplicated independently in free-living flatworms M. lignano and S. mediterranea  and Coup-TFII group (Schistosoma Coup-TFII orthologues). Coup-TFI group contains members from all three parasitic classes and they are clustered with Coup-TFs of free-living flatworms, Drosophila, Mollusca and humans. This result suggests that parasitic Platyhelminth Coup-TFI is an ancient Coup-TF gene and it is the orthologue of free-living flatworms, Drosophila, Mollusca and human Coup-TFs. Parasitic Platyhelminth Coup-TFII group contains Monogenea and Trematoda members, which suggests that Coup-TFI duplicated and gave rise to Coup-TFII in a common ancestor of parasitic Platyhelminths. In free-living flatworms, two M. lignano Coup-TFs and two S. mediterranea Coup-TFs are scattered in the phylogenetic tree, it suggests M. lignano and S. mediterranea Coup-TFs duplicated independently (M. corti); Coup-TFII was missing in all analyzed species of Cestoda.One Coup-TF was identified in Cestoda; two are identified in Rhabditophora, Monogenea and Trematoda, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis shows that parasitic flatworms Coup-TFs are clustered in two different groups: Coup-TFI group , 2DBDb (S. mansoni 2DBD\u03b2 orthologues) and 2DBDg (S. mansoni 2DBD\u03b3 orthologues) groups. Parasitic Platyhelminth 2DBD-NRa and 2DBD-NRb groups contain members of three classes of parasitic flatworms, but 2DBD-NRg group contains 2DBD-NRs of all the four classes of Platyhelminths and members of the Mollusca. This result suggests that Parasitic Platyhelminth 2DBD-NRg is an ancient gene, and 2DBD-NRa and 2DBD-NRb were formed by a second round of duplication. In free living Platyhelminths, both Rhabditophora M. lignano 2DBD-NRs are clustered in 2DBD-NRg group, but the four S. mediterranea 2DBD-NRs are clustered with different parasitic helminth 2DBD-NR groups. This result suggests that M. lignano 2DBD-NR gene underwent duplication after a split of S. mediterranea and parasitic Platyhelminths. For the four S. mediterranea 2DBD-NRs, one is clustered in parasitic Platyhelminth 2DBD-NRg group, one is clustered in 2DBD-NRb group and two are clustered with 2DBD-NRa group. Since the two S. mediterranea 2DBD-NRs (2DBD-NRa1 and 2DBD-NRa2) in 2DBDa group form a polytomy, it suggests that 2DBD-NRa underwent another round of duplication and formed two 2DBD-NRs as a common ancestor of S. mediterranea and parasitic Platyhelminths and then one 2DBD-NRa was lost in a common ancestor of parasitic Platyhelminths . The number behind flatworm species/families in parentheses indicates the number of NRs identified.In this study, we identified NRs in different species of Platyhelminths and performed sequence and phylogenetic analysis of them. Phylogenetic analysis of the DBD of NRs using DBD sequences was carried out with Bayesian inference and Maximum Likelihood method, Comparison of the two methods, Bayesian inference highly support phylogenetic analysis of NRs using only DBD sequences. . This stS. mediterranea and parasitic Platyhelminths follow the first evolutionary lineage: gene duplication and lost, the events occurred in different flatworm lineages. For example, fax-1 was lost in a common ancestor of S. mediterranea and parasitic Platyhelminths, NHR236 was lost in Cestoda and Trematoda, and DSF was lost in Cestoda. In parasitic Platyhelminths, extensive NR gene loss occurred in Cestoda Hymenolepididae and Taeniidae families, e. g. RXR, Coup-TF and FTZ-F1 were retained in most species of Platyhelminths, but they were missing in the cestode families Hymenolepididae and Taeniidae.NRs in Rhabditophora Schistosoma and Trichobilharzia). NR complement in Monogenea and in Cestoda exhibit more differences among different families, in Monogenea, there are 18 NRs in Gyrodactylidae , but 23 NRs are present in Polyopisthocotylea (P. xenopodis). In Cestoda Cyclophyllidea, there are 15 NRs in Hymenolepididae family, 17 in Taeniidae family and 20 in Mesocestoididae family. NR gene duplication occurred in different flatworm lineages. For example, 2DBD-NR underwent a second round of duplication in a common ancestor of S. mediterranea and parasitic Platyhelminths, RXR gene duplicated separately in S. mediterranea and a common ancestor of parasitic Platyhelminths, and TR duplicated independently in Rhabditophora (S. mediterranea), Cestoda and Trematoda.Comparison of NR complement in different Platyhelminth families shows that NR complement is most conserved in Trematoda. All species of Trematoda share the same NR complement except that a HR96 member was lost in Strigeidida  and gene divergence. Multiple NR gene duplication was also found in other animals, for example, supplementary NRs (SupNRs) in nematodes and NR1H in Chordate Cephalochordate amphioxus [M. lignano may result from the adaption to its environment.NRs in Rhabditophora mphioxus , 69. DHRmphioxus . MlHR96 M. lignano. This is the first known occurrence of NRs in subfamily 3 and 6 in Platyhelminths, but it is still not clear whether NRs from subfamily 3 and 6 are present in other Rhabditophora since the genome data is unavailable. This study also shows that divergent NRs are present in different flatworm lineages suggesting that novel NRs were acquired in different flatworms to adapt to the different living environments.NRs in subfamily 3 and 6 were considered lost in Platyhelminths. In this study, we identified four ERRs and a NR6A in Rhabditophora E75/Rev, DHR3/ROR and EcR/LXR, which are present in Deuterostomia, Arthropods and Lophotrochozoa Mollusca, are missing in Platyhelminths. In insects, E75, HR3 and EcR are directly involved in the control of the ecdysone pathway. E75 acts as a repressor of DHR3 and may through direct interaction .Nucella lapillus RAR (NlRAR) showed that NlRAR binds to NR response elements as a heterodimer with RXR, but it does not bind all-trans retinoic acid or other retinoids [N. lapillus, PPAR-responsive pathways is related to tributyltin (TBT) induced imposex [RAR, PPAR, ER, which are missing in Arthropods but retained in Lophotrochozoa Mollusca, are also missing in Platyhelminths. In vertebrates, RARs are known to bind retinoic acid (RA). RA is a morphogen derived from vitamin A, it controls the patterning of the anteroposterior axis and the differentiation of various cell types . Study oetinoids . In vert imposex . Vertebr imposex .ERRs are orphan receptors in Chordata and Ecdysozoa, they play important roles in regulation of neurogenesis and metabolism in Chordata and are involved in control of larval growth in Ecdysozoa. The function of Lophotrochozoa ERRs is unknown . In thisApis mellifera and then in other insects, but it was missing in Drosophila. The missing of NR2E6 in the major model organisms delayed the identification and functional analysis of this protein. Sometimes NR2E6 is named as PNR-like or PNR, but the true insect homolog of vertebrate PNR is HR51 (NR2E3) [Caenorhabditis elegans HR236) was present in Cnidaria, Arthropoda, Platyhelminths, Mollusca and Echinodermata [The NR2E6 gene was first identified in the genome of the honeybee  (NR2E3) . We demoodermata . Insect S. mansoni HR96b (SmNR96b) [Previously, we isolated a partial cDNA of SmNR96b) , this meMacrostomum lignano NRs was published ) while this paper was under review. The main differences of identification of M. lignano NRs between Cheng et al. and this contribution are as follows . Cheng, Y., et al. identified 4 NR1Cs (PPARs) in M. lignano, we found no evidence for any PPARs in M. lignano. (3). Cheng, Y., et al. identified 2 NR1Fs (RORs). We identified the same sequences but our phylogenetical analysis showed that they belonged to NR1E (E78) group. (4). Cheng, Y., et al. identified 20 NR1Js (HR96s) in M. lignano including one sequence without a DBD sequence and 5 members each with an atypical P-box sequence which is different from the typical HR96 P-box sequence. We identified 16 HR96s in M. lignano, all of them possessed a typical HR96 P-box sequence. We also identified the same 5 members with an atypical P-box sequence that Cheng, Y., et al. identified, but put them into a divergent NR group. (5). Cheng, Y., et al. identified 10 NR3 members in M. lignano including four members that each possessed a typical ERR P-box sequences and 6 members that each possessed an atypical P-box sequence. We identified the same members but put the six members that possessed an atypical P-box sequence into a divergent NR group. (6). Cheng, Y., et al. identified a NR8 member, we identified the same member but our phylogenetical analysis showed it was a divergent member. (7). Cheng, Y., et al. identified 2 NR0 members. We identified the same members but our phylogenetic analysis showed one of them belong to subfamily 6 and the other one is a divergent member because it possessed an atypical P-box sequence.A paper on S1 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Ml: Macrostomum lignano, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. Red highlighted NRs show M. lignano NRs.The Bayesian tree was constructed with the deduced amino sequences of the DNA binding domain (DBD) with a mix amino acid replacement model + invgamma rates. The PPs values are shown above each branch, branches under the PPs 0.5 are shown as polytomies. The same data set is also tested by ML method using PHYML (v2.4.4) under LG+G+I substitution model , Number of substitution rate categories: 4, Gamma shape parameter: Estimated (0.956). Support values for the tree are obtained by bootstrapping a 1,000 replicates and bootstrap values above 500 and are indicated below each branch (or after MrBAYES BPPs separated by Slash). Star indicates the node obtained by Bayesian inference which is different from that obtained by ML method. Bg: (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S2 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni, Sme: Schmidtea mediterranea. Red highlighted NRs show S. mediterranea NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S3 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. Red highlighted NRs show P. xenopodis NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S4 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, Gs: Gyrodactylus salaris, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. Red highlighted NRs show G. salaris NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S5 FigH. microstoma NRs represents all analyzed Hymenolepis species because of the highly conserved DBD sequences in these species. Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see Biomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Hm: Hymenolepis microstoma, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. Red highlighted NRs show H. microstoma NRs.The phylogenetic tree of (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S6 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Mc: Mesocestoides corti, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. Red highlighted NRs show M. corti NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S7 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Em: Echinococcus multilocularis, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. Red highlighted NRs show E. multilocularis NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S8 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Ht: Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. Red highlighted NRs show H. taeniaeformis NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S9 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni, Ts: Taenia saginata. Red highlighted NRs show T. saginata NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S10 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Ss: Schitocephalus solidus, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. Red highlighted NRs show T. saginata NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S11 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Se: Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. DBD of E78 sequence is partial, not used for construction of the tree. Red highlighted NRs show S. erinaceieuropaei NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S12 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, Cs: Clonorchis sinensis, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. Red highlighted NRs show C. sinensis NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S13 FigO viverrini NRs represents Opisthorchis viverrini and O. felineus because of the highly conserved DBD sequences in these two species. Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see Biomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Ov: Opisthorchis viverrini, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. Red highlighted NRs show O. viverrini NRs.The phylogenetic tree of (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S14 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, Fh: Fasciola hepatica, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. Red highlighted NRs show F. hepatica NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S15 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, Eca: Echinostoma caproni, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. EcaCoup-TFII sequence is partial and not used for construction of the tree. Red highlighted NRs show E. caproni NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S16 FigS haematobium NRs represents all analyzed Schistosoma species because of the highly conserved DBD sequences in these species. Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see Biomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sh: Schistosoma haematobium, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni. Red highlighted NRs show S. haematobium NRs.The phylogenetic tree of (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S17 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cg: Crassostrea gigas, d: Drosophila melanogaster, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni, Tr: Trichobilharzia regent. Red highlighted NRs show T. regent NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S18 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, d: Drosophila melanogaster, Dl: Dibothriocephalus latus, Eca: Echinostoma caproni, Eg: Echinococcus granulosus, Fh: Fasciola hepatica, h: Homo sapiens, Hd: Hymenolepis diminuta, Ht: Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Mc: Mesocestoides corti, Ml: Macrostomum lignano, Ov: Opisthorchis viverrini, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Se: Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni, Sme: Schmidtea mediterranea, Ss: Schitocephalus solidus, Tm: Taenia multiceps, Tr: Trichobilharzia regent. Red highlighted NRs show Platyhelminths NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S19 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, d: Drosophila melanogaster, Eg: Echinococcus granulosus, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Sme: Schmidtea mediterranea. Red highlighted NRs show Platyhelminths NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S20 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, d: Drosophila melanogaster, Eg: Echinococcus granulosus, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Sme: Schmidtea mediterranea. Red highlighted NRs show Platyhelminths NRs.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S21 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, d: Drosophila melanogaster, Dl: Dibothriocephalus latus, Ec: Echinococcus Canadensis, Eg: Echinococcus granulosus, Em: Echinococcus multilocularis, Gs: Gyrodactylus salaris, h: Homo sapiens, Hd: Hymenolepis diminuta, Hm: Of H. microstoma, Ht: Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Mc: Mesocestoides corti, Ml: Macrostomum lignano, Sme: Schmidtea mediterranea, Ta: Taenia asiatica, Tm: Taenia multiceps, Ts: Taenia saginata, Tr: Trichobilharzia regent, Tso: Taenia solium.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S22 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cs: Clonorchis sinensis, d: Drosophila melanogaster, Dl: Dibothriocephalus latus, Ec: Echinococcus Canadensis, Eca: Echinostoma caproni, Eg: Echinococcus granulosus, Em: Echinococcus multilocularis, Fh: Fasciola hepatica, Gs: Gyrodactylus salaris, h: Homo sapiens, Hd: Hymenolepis diminuta, Hm: Of H. microstoma, Hn: Hymenolepis nana, Ht: Hydatigera taeniaeformis, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Mc: Mesocestoides corti, Ml: Macrostomum lignano, Of: Opisthorchis felineus, Ov: Opisthorchis viverrini, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sb: Schistosoma bovis, Sc: Schistosoma curassoni, Se: Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, Sh: Schistosoma haematobium, Sj: Schistosoma japonicum, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni, Sma: Schistosoma margrebowiei, Smt: Schistosoma mattheei, Sme: Schmidtea mediterranea, Sr: Schistosoma rodhaini, Ss: Schitocephalus solidus, Ta: Taenia asiatica, Tm: Taenia multiceps, Ts: Taenia saginata, Tr: Trichobilharzia regent, Tso: Taenia solium.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S23 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cs: Clonorchis sinensis, d: Drosophila melanogaster, Dl: Dibothriocephalus latus, Ec: Echinococcus Canadensis, Eca: Echinostoma caproni, Eg: Echinococcus granulosus, Em: Echinococcus multilocularis, Fh: Fasciola hepatica, Gs: Gyrodactylus salaris, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Ml: Macrostomum lignano, Of: Opisthorchis felineus, Ov: Opisthorchis viverrini, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sb: Schistosoma bovis, Sc: Schistosoma curassoni, Se: Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, Sh: Schistosoma haematobium, Sj: Schistosoma japonicum, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni, Sma: Schistosoma margrebowiei, Smt: Schistosoma mattheei, Sme: Schmidtea mediterranea, Sr: Schistosoma rodhaini, Ss: Schitocephalus solidus, Tr: Trichobilharzia regent. B) Sequence alignment shows the intron position (red color >) in DBD of RXRs.A) Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Platyhelminth RXR. Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S24 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cs: Clonorchis sinensis, d: Drosophila melanogaster, Dl: Dibothriocephalus latus, Ec: Echinococcus Canadensis, Eca: Echinostoma caproni, Eg: Echinococcus granulosus, Em: Echinococcus multilocularis, Fh: Fasciola hepatica, Gs: Gyrodactylus salaris, h: Homo sapiens, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Ml: Macrostomum lignano, Of: Opisthorchis felineus, Ov: Opisthorchis viverrini, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Sb: Schistosoma bovis, Sc: Schistosoma curassoni, Se: Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, Sh: Schistosoma haematobium, Sj: Schistosoma japonicum, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni, Sma: Schistosoma margrebowiei, Smt: Schistosoma mattheei, Sme: Schmidtea mediterranea, Sr: Schistosoma rodhaini, Ss: Schitocephalus solidus, Ta: Taenia asiatica, Tm: Taenia multiceps, Ts: Taenia saginata, Tr: Trichobilharzia regent, Tso: Taenia solium. B) Sequence alignment shows the intron position (red color >) in DBD of Coup-TFs.A) Bayesian phylogenetic tree of Platyhelminth Coup-TF. Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S25 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, d: Drosophila melanogaster, Gs: Gyrodactylus salaris, h: Homo sapiens, Hd: Hymenolepis diminuta, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Mc: Mesocestoides corti, Ml: Macrostomum lignano, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni, Sme: Schmidtea mediterranea.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S26 FigBiomphalaria glabrata, Cs: Clonorchis sinensis, d: Drosophila melanogaster, Dl: Dibothriocephalus latus, Em: Echinococcus multilocularis, Fh: Fasciola hepatica, Gs: Gyrodactylus salaris, h: Homo sapiens, Hd: Hymenolepis diminuta, Hm: H. microstoma, Lg: Lottia gigantean, Mc: Mesocestoides corti, Ml: Macrostomum lignano, Px: Protopolystoma xenopodis, Se: Spirometra erinaceieuropaei, Sm: Schistosoma mansoni, Sme: Schmidtea mediterranea, Ss: Schitocephalus solidus, Tr: Trichobilharzia regent.Methods for construction of phylogenetic trees see (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S1 File(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S2 File(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S3 File(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S4 File(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S5 File(XLSX)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Acetylation at lysine residue in a protein mediates multiple cellular biological processes, including tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the acetylated protein profile alterations and acetylation-mediated molecular pathway changes in human nonfunctional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNETs). The anti-acetyl antibody-based label-free quantitative proteomics was used to analyze the acetylomes between NF-PitNETs (n = 4) and control pituitaries (n = 4). A total of 296 acetylated proteins with 517 acetylation sites was identified, and the majority of which were significantly down-acetylated in NF-PitNETs (p<0.05 or only be quantified in NF-PitNETs/controls). These acetylated proteins widely functioned in cellular biological processes and signaling pathways, including metabolism, translation, cell adhesion, and oxidative stress. The randomly selected acetylated phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), which is involved in glycolysis and amino acid biosynthesis, was further confirmed with immunoprecipitation and western blot in NF-PitNETs and control pituitaries. Among these acetylated proteins, 15 lysine residues within 14 proteins were down-acetylated and simultaneously up-ubiquitinated in NF-PitNETs to demonstrate a direct competition relationship between acetylation and ubiquitination. Moreover, the potential effect of protein acetylation alterations on NF-PitNETs invasiveness was investigated. Overlapping analysis between acetylomics data in NF-PitNETs and transcriptomics data in invasive NF-PitNETs identified 26 overlapped molecules. These overlapped molecules were mainly involved in metabolism-associated pathways, which means that acetylation-mediated metabolic reprogramming might be the molecular mechanism to affect NF-PitNET invasiveness. This study provided the first acetylomic profiling and acetylation-mediated molecular pathways in human NF-PitNETs, and offered new clues to elucidate the biological functions of protein acetylation in NF-PitNETs and discover novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted therapy of NF-PitNETs. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are the second most common primary central nervous system tumors in adults , 2. BaseAcetylation is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM), and is co-regulated by lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs). KATs catalyze lysine residue to be acetylated with acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) as a cofactor, and KDACs reverse this process. Acetylation modulates biological functions of many proteins related to tumorigenesis. Histone acetylation facilitates chromatin decondensation to regulate transcriptional activation . When DNHowever, acetylomics analysis in NF-PitNETs has not been reported. Previous studies on the effect of acetylation on pituitary tumorigenesis only focused on some specific molecules \u201319. Thusvs. controls  were obtained between invasive NF-PitNETs and control tissues from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The overlapping analysis between acetylated protein data and invasive DEG data was performed to identify acetylation-mediated molecular events for invasiveness of NF-PitNETs.This study will provide promising scientific data for insights into molecular mechanisms of NF-PitNETs, and discover potential biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapy of NF-PitNET patients.Quantitative acetylomics was performed between the mixed NF-PitNET samples (n =4) and mixed control samples (n =4) , and colEach tissue sample was dealt with 1 mL urea pyrolysis solution  and ice bath ultrasonic treatment. The solution was centrifuged , and the supernatant of each sample was equally divided into three parts. The protein content of each part was measured with a Bradford Protein Quantification Kit . An amount (20 \u00b5g) of each extracted protein sample  was mixed with 6X loading buffer  in a ratio of 6:1(v/v), boiled (5 min), and centrifuged . The supernatant was loaded onto 12.5% SDS-PAGE gel  for electrophoretic separation , followed by staining with Coommassie brilliant blue .Dithiothreitol  was added to each extracted protein sample , and achieved a final concentration of 10 mM DTT; and the mixture was incubated , and cooled to room temperature. Then indole-3-acetic acid  was added into each mixture, and achieved a final concentration of 50 mM IAA; and the mixture was kept . The water that was 5 times the volume of the mixture was added to make the concentration of urea to 1.5 M, followed by addition of trypsin into the mixture in a ratio of 1:50 to digest proteins for 18 h at 37 \u00b0C. The SPE C18 column  was used to desalt and lyophilize tryptic peptides.A volume (1.4 mL) of pre-cooled immunoaffinity purification (IAP) buffer was used to resuspend each lyophilized peptide sample (3x). The pre-processed anti-Ac-K antibody beads  were added in each tryptic peptide sample, and incubated . Afterwards, anti-Ac-K antibody beads with acetylated peptides were washed with 1 mL pre-cooled IAP (3x), and with 1 mL pre-cooled water (3x). A volume (40 \u03bcl) of 0.15% trifluoroacetic acid  was added to the washed anti-Ac-K antibody beads, and incubated , and then the same volume of TFA was added once again. The mixture was centrifuged . The supernatant was desalted with C18 STAGE Tips . The desm/z 350-1800. The top 20 intensive ions in MS scan (MS1) were selected for ion fragmentation with higher-energy collision dissociation (HCD) to generate MS/MS spectra (MS2). The MS1 resolution was 70,000 at m/z 200, and the MS2 resolution was 17,500 at m/z 200.LC-MS/MS was used to analyze the enriched acetylated peptides\u00a0. Each enriched acetylated peptide sample was separated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system EASY-nLC1000 at nanoliter flow velocity. Chromatography column was balanced with 100% buffer A (0.1% acetonitrile formate aqueous solution that contained 2% acetonitrile). The enriched acetylated peptides were loaded onto the sample spindle, Thermo scientific EASY column (2 cm*100 \u03bcm 5 \u03bcm-C18), with an autosampler in buffer A, and then were separated when the sample flowed through analytical column (75 \u00b5m \u00d7 250 mm 3 \u00b5m-C18) at a flow rate of 250 nL/min in buffer B (0.1% acetonitrile formate aqueous solution that contained 84% acetonitrile). The liquid-phase gradient was buffer B linear gradient from 0 to 55% for 220 min, buffer B linear gradient from 55 to 100% for 8 min, and then maintained 100% buffer B for 12 min. The Q-Exactive mass spectrometer (Thermo Finnigan) was used to perform MS/MS analysis when the enriched acetylated peptides were separated with capillary HPLC. The parameter of mass spectrometer was set as time 240 min, positive ion detection mode, and scan range of precursor ion The Maxquant software (version 1.3.0.5) was used for database searching and data analysis of 6 original LC-MS/MS datasets . The database was uniprot_human_154578_20160815.fasta . Its primary parameters were set as main search ppm = 6, missed cleavage = 4, MS/MS tolerance ppm = 20, de-isotopic =TRUE, enzyme=trypsin, database = uniprot_human_154578_20160815.fasta, fixed modification = carbamidomethyl (C), variable modification = oxidation (M), acetyl (protein N-term), and acetyl (K), decoy database pattern = reverse, iBAQ = TRUE, match between runs = 2 min, peptide false discovery rate (FDR) = 0.01, and protein FDR = 0.01. The MS/MS data were used to determine the amino acid sequence and acetylation sites, label-free quantification was used to determine the acetylation level.Immunoprecipitation (IP) and western blot were used to semi-quantify PGK1 acetylation level in NF-PitNETs compared to controls. Three NF-PitNET tissue samples were equally mixed as the NF-PitNET sample, and five control protein samples were equally mixed as the control sample  analysis through David database. GO analysis included three categories - biological processes (BPs), cellular components (CCs), and molecular functions (MFs). The results of KEGG, BP, CC, and MF data were further clustered into different functional categories. Moreover, acetylation motif analysis was carried out by analysis of the sequences from \u221213 to +13 amino acid residues at those 517 acetylation sites within 296 acetylated proteins with Motif-X software to identify any motifs that were prone to be acetylated in NF-PitNETs.The acetylated protein data identified in this study were compared to the ubiquitinated protein data in our previous study , which fvs. controls were mined from the GEO database  derived from PGK1 (Swiss-Prot No.: P00558) . Its acetylation site was localized at residue K*361, which was only acetylated in controls (N) but not in NF-PitNETs (T)  . Its acetylation site was localized at residue K*225, and its acetylation level was significantly decreased in NF-PitNETs compared to controls   were identified  For BPs, a total of 97 BPs was identified, covering almost all cellular biological processes, including gene expression, metabolism, cell-cell (matrix) adhesion, apoptosis, and immune system regulation  in transaldolase (ID: P37837), K194 , and K117  in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ID: P04406), K81  in cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] (ID: O75874), K314 , K185 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs), K324 and K239 (only acetylated in controls) in mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (ID: P40926), K298, and K236 (only acetylated in controls) in cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (ID: P40925), K7 (only acetylated in controls) in alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 (ID: P11766), K39  in phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (ID:P18669), K302  in mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (ID: P00505), K291, K146, K156 and K361 (only acetylated in controls) in phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (ID: P00558), K538 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit (ID: P31040), K231 (only acetylated in controls), and K225  in triosephosphate isomerase (ID: P60174), K169 (only acetylated in controls) in catalase (ID: P04040), K330 and K200 (only acetylated in controls) in fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (ID: P04075), K202 , K257 , and K124 (only acetylated in controls) in mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ID: P24752), and K267  in mitochondrial dihydrolipoylde hydrogenase (ID: P09622). The acetylation level of most lysine residues at these enzymes decreased in NF-PitNETs. (ii) Most microbe and mammalian cells depend on glycolysis to convert glucose into lactate, and produce energy in the absence of oxygen. However, most tumor cells uptake more glucose, and produce more lactate even in the presence of oxygen even though mitochondria function well, which is noted as aerobic glycolysis, or Warburg effect (p = 4.24E-03), and K117  in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ID: P04406), K7 (only acetylated in controls) in alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 (ID: P11766), K39  in phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (ID: P18669), K291, K146, K156, and K361 (only acetylated in controls) in phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (ID: P00558), K231 (only acetylated in controls), and K225  in triosephosphate isomerase (ID: P60174) and K330 and K200 (only acetylated in controls) in fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (ID: P04075), and K267  in mitochondrial dihydrolipoylde hydrogenase (ID: P09622). The acetylation levels at more than 4/5 lysine residues in these enzymes enriched in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways were decreased in NF-PitNETs, which might result in the convert of glycolysis to the aerobic glycolysis in NF-PitNETs, and further affect tumor progression. (iii) Pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, is reduced to lactate in cytoplasm or transport into mitochondria to enter TCA cycle for full oxidation for ATP production, and sit at the switch point between these two important carbohydrate metabolism pathways (p=1.42E-04) and K77 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) were increased in NF-PitNETs in this study. In addition, this study found acetylation occurred at other enzymes enriched on pyruvate metabolism pathway, including acetylation at residues K30 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (ID: P49189), K314 , K185 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs), K324 and K239 (only acetylated in controls) in mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (ID: P40926), K298, and K236 (only acetylated in controls) in cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (ID: P40925), and K202 , K257  and K124 (only acetylated in controls) in mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ID: P24752). (iv) TCA cycle is the final metabolic pathway of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids, which is the central route for cellular oxidative phosphorylation and provides precursors for many anabolic pathways (p=2.20E-02), K185 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs), K324 and K239 (only acetylated in controls) in mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (ID: P40926), K267  in mitochondrial dihydrolipoylde hydrogenase (ID: P09622), and K538 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit (ID: P31040). The acetylation levels at most lysine residues in these enzymes were increased in NF-PitNETs. In addition, this study found acetylation occurred at other cytoplasmic enzymes enriched on TCA cycle, including acetylation at residues at K81  in cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] (ID: O75874), and K298, and K236 (only acetylated in controls) in cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (ID: P40925). (v) Glyoxylate is a highly toxic substance because it is able to be rapidly oxidized to oxalate that forms insoluble crystals with calcium, which precipitates in various organs, especially the kidneys to cause renal failure. Therefore, glyoxylate metabolism in human mainly referred to glyoxylate detoxification (p=2.20E-02), K185 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs), K324 and K239 (only acetylated in controls) in mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (ID: P40926), K298, and K236 (only acetylated in controls) in cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (ID: P40925), K169 (only acetylated in controls) in catalase (ID: P04040), K202 , K257 , and K124 (only acetylated in controls) in mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ID: P24752), and K267  in mitochondrial dihydrolipoylde hydrogenase (ID: P09622). (vi) Valine, leucine and isoleucine, also known as branched-chain amino acids, are essential amino acids that have to be derived from diet, which can be oxidized in skeletal muscle for energy supply when exercise, and are also preferentially used by many tumor cells for protein synthesis and energy purposes. It is reported that many enzymes that catalyzed the degradation of valine, leucine and isoleucine were overexpressed in many cancers (p= 6.90E-03) in mitochondrial hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase (ID: P35914), K294 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta (ID:\u00a0P21953), K30 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (ID: P49189), K204\u00a0(only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase (ID: Q13825), K202 , K257 , and K124 (only acetylated in controls) in mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ID: P24752), and K267  in mitochondrial dihydrolipoylde hydrogenase (ID: P09622). The acetylation levels of most lysine residues at enzymes enriched in the valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation pathway increased in NF-PitNETs. (vii) Oxidative phosphorylation is the primary pathway for ATP synthesis and responsible for setting and maintaining metabolic homeostasis (p=7.61E-04) in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B (ID: P10606) and K21  in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit epsilon (ID: P56381), the acetylation levels of all other lysine residues in enzymes enriched in oxidative phosphorylation pathway were increased in NF-PitNETs, including residues K538 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit (ID: P31040), K233, K154, and K244 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1 (ID: P24539), K522 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit beta (ID: P06576), K60 , K199 and K162 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit O (ID: P48047), K136 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit delta (ID: P30049), K539 , and K427 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha (ID: P25705), K63 , and K72  in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit d (ID: O75947), and K37  in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit epsilon (ID: P56381). (viii) Metabolic pathway involves many interconnected cellular pathways that ultimately provide cells with energy required to execute their function (p=1.52E-02) in transaldolase (ID: P37837), K194 , and K117  in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ID: P04406), K81  in cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] (ID: O75874), K314 , K185 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs), K324 and K239 (only acetylated in controls) in mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (ID: P40926), K298, and K236 (only acetylated in controls) in cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (ID: P40925), K7 (only acetylated in controls) in alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 (ID: P11766), K39  in phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (ID: P18669), K302  in mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (ID: P00505), K291, K146, K156 and K361 (only acetylated in controls) in phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (ID: P00558), K538 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit (ID: P31040), K231(only acetylated in controls), and K225  in triosephosphate isomerase (ID: P60174), and K330 and K200 (only acetylated in controls) in fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (ID: P04075), K202 , K257 , and K124 (only acetylated in controls) in mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ID: P24752), K267  in mitochondrial dihydrolipoylde hydrogenase (ID: P09622), K63 , and K72  in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit d (ID: O75947), K30 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (ID: P49189), K539 , and K427 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha (ID: P25705), K233, K154, and K244 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1 (ID: P24539), K522 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit beta (ID: P06576), K60 , K199 and K162 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit O (ID: P48047), K86  in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B (ID: P10606), K37 , and K21  in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit epsilon (ID: P56381), K294 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta (ID: P21953), K26 (only acetylated in controls) in nucleoside diphosphate kinase A (ID: P15531), K70  in mitochondrial NAD(P) transhydrogenase (ID: Q13423), K1704  in fatty acid synthase (ID: P49327), K189 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial monofunctional C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase (ID: Q6UB35), K419  in retinal dehydrogenase 1 (ID: P00352), K48  in mitochondrial hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase (ID: P35914), K204 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase (ID: Q13825), and K136 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit delta (ID: P30049). These acetylated proteins and acetylation sites involved in the metabolic pathway would expand the research data for the study of NF-PitNETs pathogenesis. (ix) Biosynthesis of amino acids is a crucial process constructing the precursor of proteins to participate in vital movement. The deregulated catabolism/anabolism of amino acids, especially serine, glutamine and glycine, were reported to function as metabolic regulators in promoting cancer cell growth (p=1.52E-02) in transaldolase (ID: P37837), K194 , and K117  in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ID: P04406), K81  in cytoplasmic isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] (ID: O75874), K39  in phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (ID: P18669), K302  in mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (ID: P00505), K291, K146, K156 and K361 (only acetylated in controls) in phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (ID: P00558), K231 (only acetylated in controls), and K225  in triosephosphate isomerase (ID: P60174), and K330 and K200 (only acetylated in controls) in fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (ID: P04075).The pathways about metabolism and energy yield included carbon metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, citrate cycle (TCA cycle), glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of amino acids, oxidative phosphorylation, and valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation. (i) Carbon metabolism consisted of one-carbon metabolism and central carbon metabolism . Centralase ID: P837, K194e ID: P046, K81 , and K72  in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit d (ID: O75947), K539 , and K427 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha (ID: P25705), K233, K154, and K244 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1 (ID: P24539), K522 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit beta (ID: P06576), K60 , K199 and K162 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit O (ID: P48047), K86  in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B (ID: P10606), K37 , and K21  in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit epsilon (ID:P56381), and K136 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit delta (ID: P30049), K195 (only acetylated in controls) in ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (ID: P09936), K72 (only acetylated in controls), and K427 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (ID: P45880), K23 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in ADP/ATP translocase 3 (ID: P12236), K23 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in ADP/ATP translocase 1 (ID: P12235), K62 (only acetylated in controls) in protein deglycase DJ-1 (ID: Q99497), and K23 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) ADP/ATP translocase 2 (ID: P05141). (ii) This study found acetylation occurred at the Huntington\u2019s disease pathway-related molecules (p=9.47E-05), and K72  in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit d (ID: O75947), K539 , and K427 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha (ID: P25705), K233, K154, and K244 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1 (ID: P24539), K522 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit beta (ID: P06576), K60 , K199 and K162 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit O (ID:\u00a0P48047), K86  in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B (ID: P10606), K37 , and K21  in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit epsilon (ID: P56381), and K136 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit delta (ID: P30049), K72 (only acetylated in controls), and K427 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 (ID: P45880), K23 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in ADP/ATP translocase 3 (ID: P12236), K23 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in ADP/ATP translocase 1 (ID: P12235), K23 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) ADP/ATP translocase 2 (ID: P05141), K123  in superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (ID: P00441), and K130 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase [Mn] (ID: P04179). (iii) This study found acetylation occurred at the Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathway-related molecules (p=9.47E-05), and K72  in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit d (ID: O75947), K539 , and K427 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha (ID: P25705), K233, K154, and K244 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1 (ID: P24539), K522 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit beta (ID: P06576), K60 , K199 and K162 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit O (ID: P48047), K86  in mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B (ID: P10606), K37 , and K21  in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit epsilon (ID: P56381), and K136 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit delta (ID: P30049), K194 , and K117  in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ID: P04406), and K133 (only acetylated in controls) in calmodulin (Fragment) (ID: H0Y7A7).Three pathways associated with nervous system diseases were Parkinson\u2019s disease pathway, Huntington\u2019s disease pathway, and Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathway. The acetylated proteins enriched in these three pathways were mainly enzymes involved in metabolism and energy yield, which indicated that the acetylation mainly occurred at enzymes, and their alterations might result in extensive influence in metabolism by various pathway. (i) This study found acetylation occurred at the Parkinson\u2019s disease pathway-related molecules  The acetylated proteins enriched in pathogenic Escherichia Coli infection pathway extensively existed in cytoplasm and nucleus. Tubulin, actin, and ezrin constituted cytoskeleton, maintained cell morphology and motility, and regulated cell cycle or cell-cell adhesion. Nucleolin participated in the cleavage of rRNA precursors, DNA replication, and cell cycle regulation  in nucleolin (ID: P19338), K440 (only acetylated in controls) in tubulin alpha-1C chain (ID: F5H5D3), K61  and K326 (only acetylated in controls) in actin cytoplasmic 1 (ID: P60709), K394  and K336  in tubulin alpha-1B chain (ID: P68363), and K35 (only acetylated in controls) in ezrin (ID: P15311). (ii) One of proteins enriched in viral carcinogenesis pathway is 14-3-3 protein. 14-3-3 protein has many subtypes, including 14-3-3 protein gamma, theta, and epsilon, and many of them have carcinogenic potential (p=2.36E-02) in histone H4 (ID: P62805), K398  in alpha-actinin-1 (ID: P12814), K47 (only acetylated in controls) in histone H2B type 1-K (ID: O60814), K68 (only acetylated in controls) in 14-3-3 protein theta (ID: P27348), K150 (only acetylated in controls) in ran-specific GTPase-activating protein (ID: P43487), and K3 and K9 (only acetylated in controls) in 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta (ID: P63104). The acetylation level decreased in 14-3-3 protein in NF-PitNETs, the alteration of which might support NF-PitNETs tumorigenesis. (iii) Human African trypanosomiasis is a potentially fatal disease caused by the Trypanosoma Brucei sp (a kind of parasite) (p=4.29E-02) and K91  in hemoglobin subunit alpha (ID: P69905), K96 (only acetylated in controls) in mutant hemoglobin beta chain (Fragment) (ID: Q9BWU5), K57 (only acetylated in controls) in hemoglobin alpha-1 globin chain (Fragment) ID: E9M4D4), K12  in alpha globin chain (Fragment) (ID: U3PXP0), K96  in hemoglobin subunit beta (ID: P68871), K157 , K262, K230, and K206 (only acetylated in controls) in apolipoprotein A-I (ID: P02647), and K17  in alpha-2 globin chain (ID: D1MGQ2).Three pathways pathogenic gulation    (Supplep=1.52E-02) in transaldolase (ID: P37837), K194 , and K117  in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (ID: P04406), K294 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta (ID: P21953), K81  in isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic (ID: O75874), K314 , K185 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs), K324 and K239 (only acetylated in controls) in mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (ID: P40926), K298, and K236 (only acetylated in controls) in cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (ID: P40925), K7 (only acetylated in controls) in alcohol dehydrogenase class-3 (ID: P11766), K39  in phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (ID: P18669), K302  in mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (ID: P00505), K291, K146, K156 and K361 (only acetylated in controls) in phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (ID: P00558), K538 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit (ID: P31040), K231 (only acetylated in controls), and K225  in triosephosphate isomerase (ID: P60174), K330 and K200 (only acetylated in controls) in fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A (ID: P04075), K202 , K257 , and K124 (only acetylated in controls) in mitochondrial acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (ID: P24752), and\u00a0K267  in mitochondrial dihydrolipoylde hydrogenase (ID: P09622), K30 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (ID: P49189), and K169 (only acetylated in controls) in catalase (ID: P04040). The acetylation levels of most of these proteins were decreased in NF-PitNETs.In recent years, mammalian immune cells were found to synthesize antibiotics, itaconic acid, from citric acid cycle intermediate, to prevent bacteria from surviving in cells  (Supplep=6.90E-03) in mitochondrial hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase (ID: P35914), K81  in isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic (ID: O75874), K130 , and K169 (only acetylated in controls) in peroxiredoxin-1 (ID: Q06830), K169 (only acetylated in controls) in catalase (ID: P04040), K123  in superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] (ID: P00441), and K130 (only acetylated in NF-PitNETs) in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase [Mn] (ID: P04179).Peroxisome is consisted of many kinds of oxidases, and contributes to cellular lipid metabolism and redox balance. Peroxisome has ability of detoxification, including removal of superoxide radicals originated from respiratory chain . The dysp=2.05E-03) and K153 (only acetylated in controls) in alpha-1-antitrypsin (ID: P01009), and K1176 (only acetylated in controls) in alpha-2-macroglobulin (ID: P01023).The last pathway was complement and coagulation cascade pathway, and all these DAPs enriched in this pathway were from blood. In the blood circulation, the coagulation system, platelets, complement system, and fibrinolysis system constructed a close and complex network. They activated and regulated each other, and mutually mediated tissue homeostasis and immune monitoring. The deregulation of each cascade system caused clinical manifestations and the progression of different diseases, such as C3 glomerulonephritis, sepsis, and systemic lupus erythematosus   proteins that were modified by both acetyl and ubiquitin in NF-PitNETs were involved in nucleosome or ribosome, hemoglobin, prolactin, ubiquitin hydrolase, membrane proteins, and proteins constituting cytoskeleton; and acetylation levels of these proteins were decreased, whereas their ubiquitination levels were increased in NF-PitNETs. (ii) The invasiveness-related acetylated proteins were mainly involved in biological processes and signaling pathways about metabolism and energy yield, which suggested that NF-PitNET invasive behaviors might be acetylation-mediated metabolic reprogramming process.Many tumor cells prefer to provide bioenergetics and growth requirements through glycolysis, rather than oxidative phosphorylation, during tumor growth progression, even with sufficient oxygen and normal mitochondria. Because glycolysis is able to provide sufficient cellular ATPs, and additional important metabolites to support the biosynthetic demands of consecutive cell proliferation . It is rThe invasive characteristics of NF-PitNETs have been a hot pot for a long time. Invasive PitNETs tend to suffer tumor postoperative residual and re-growth because of cavernous sinus invasion or the internal carotid artery encircling, which is able to cause poor prognosis. However, their underlying invasive mechanism remains unclear . This stThe co-regulation of acetylation and ubiquitination at specific lysine sites in some proteins might affect tumor development, such as Lys382 of p53 and Lys125 of SRSF5 , 25. OneMoreover, NF-PitNET and control tissue samples were very limited and precious, only very limited amount of proteins were obtained for subsequent quantitative acetylomics analysis. More acetylated sites and acetylated proteins are promised to be identified when the increased NF-PitNET protein samples available in future acetylomics analysis. This acetylome map of human NF-PitNETs described in this study is one component in the long-term program to find out NF-PitNET-specific acetylated proteins to clarify molecular mechanisms of NF-PitNETs. To achieve this goal, quantitative acetylomics needs to be further developed in the future.In summary, the current study provided the first human acetylomic data in NF-PitNETs, offered a valuable resource for further study in NF-PitNET tumorigenesis and progression, which contributed to the discovery of effective biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapy of NF-PitNETs.in vivo acetylated proteins and their acetylation sites, and to rationalize the functions of DAPs. A total of 296 acetylated proteins with 517 acetylated lysine sites provided a quantitative status of lysine acetylation in NF-PitNETs, and their bioinformatics analysis provided a new insight into the roles of protein lysine acetylation in formation and development of NF-PitNETs. The acetylation levels of more than half acetylated proteins were decreased in NF-PitNETs. Acetylation-mediated metabolic reprogramming might be considered as one of the underlying mechanisms in tumorigenesis and invasiveness of NF-PitNETs. Further investigation is needed to ascertain the biological significance of these lysine acetylation events and their relevance to NF-PitNET pathogenesis.This study provided a comprehensive approach that integrated anti-acetyl antibody-based enrichment, LC-MS/MS, and literature-based bioinformatics to discover The datasets presented in this study can be found in online repositories. The names of the repository/repositories and accession number(s) can be found in the article/The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Xiangya Hospital Medical Ethics Committee of Central South University; the University of Tennessee Health Science Center Internal Review Board. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.SW analyzed data, carried out western blot experiment and immunoprecipitation experiment, prepared figures and tables, designed and wrote the manuscript. JL, JY, BL, and NL participated in partial data analysis and experiments. XZ conceived the concept, designed experiments and manuscript, instructed experiments, analyzed data, obtained the acetylomics data, supervised results, coordinated, wrote and critically revised manuscript, and was responsible for its financial supports and the corresponding works. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.This work was supported by the Shandong First Medical University Talent Introduction Funds (to XZ), the Hunan Provincial Hundred Talent Plan (to XZ), Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR202103020356 to XZ), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172866), and the Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University (2019ZL002).The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Infect Dis 21, 571 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06287-1Following publication of the original article , the autFurthermore, a typo was found in an author\u2019s affiliation.The incorrect affiliation name is:Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health ou (CESP), INSERM U1018, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, FranceThe correct affiliation name is:Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM U1018, Paris-Saclay University, UVSQ, Montigny-Le-Bretonneux, FranceThe original article has been corrected as well.Additional file 1: Supplement S1: Database description and patient selection. Table S1: ICD-10 codes used. Table S2: Selected bacteria included and associated resistance markers. Supplement S2: Algorithms for identification of risk factors. Table S3: Code list for definition of potential risk factors. Table S4: Conditional univariate logistic regression: Risk factors of having a community-acquired or healthcare-associated urinary tract infection caused by a resistant bacterium compared with a susceptible one, by gender. Table S5: Number of antibiotic dispensing during the previous 3\u2009months. Table S6. Characteristics of patients excluded and included for analysis of association between antibiotic classes and resistant-bacterial acquisition."}
{"text": "First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an alien invasive pest on maize in India. Pest Manag Horticult Ecosyst. 24:23\u201329.The correct citation should be as follows; this has been updated:Sharanabasappa D, et al. 2018. First report of the Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (JE Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an alien invasive pest onmaize in India. Pest Manag Horticult Ecosyst. 24:23\u201329."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Cancer 21, 378 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08019-9Following publication of the original article , the autThe incorrect author name is: Fatima SkayaliThe correct author name is: Fatima KayaliThe Contributions section has therefore also been updated as follows:RJE and AH devised the study, AH, MEG, & FK extracted data, AH & BR analysed data, AC & EJC provided interpretation and assisted writing the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.The author group has been updated above and the original article  has been"}
{"text": "Mytilus coruscus) is widely distributed in the temperate seas of East Asia and is an important commercial bivalve in China. Chromosome-level genome information of this species will contribute not only to the development of hard-shelled mussel genetic breeding but also to studies on larval ecology, climate change biology, marine biology, aquaculture, biofouling, and antifouling.The hard-shelled mussel (M. coruscus is the sister taxon to the clade including Modiolus philippinarum and Bathymodiolus platifrons. Conserved chromosome synteny was observed between hard-shelled mussel and king scallop, suggesting that this is shared ancestrally. Transcriptomic profiling indicated that the pathways of catecholamine biosynthesis and adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes might be involved in metamorphosis.We applied a combination of Illumina sequencing, Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing, and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture technologies to construct a chromosome-level genome of the hard-shelled mussel, with a total length of 1.57 Gb and a median contig length of 1.49 Mb. Approximately 90.9% of the assemblies were anchored to 14 linkage groups. We assayed the genome completeness using BUSCO. In the metazoan dataset, the present assemblies have 89.4% complete, 1.9% incomplete, and 8.7% missing BUSCOs. Gene modeling enabled the annotation of 37,478 protein-coding genes and 26,917 non-coding RNA loci. Phylogenetic analysis showed that The chromosome-level assembly of the hard-shelled mussel genome will provide novel insights into mussel genome evolution and serve as a fundamental platform for studies regarding the planktonic-sessile transition, genetic diversity, and genomic breeding of this bivalve. Marine mussels, which belong to the phylum Mollusca, settle on most immersed surfaces of substrata and play a crucial role in marine ecosystems. As healthy and sustainable food items, these mussels are beneficial for humans owing to their high economic value for fishery and aquaculture, constituting >8% of mollusc aquaculture production . SimultaLike many other marine invertebrates, marine mussels also possess a free-swimming larval phase. After this stage, these minute larvae will settle on the substrata and finish metamorphosis transition, accompanied by dramatic remodeling of their anatomy , 15. MulMytilus coruscus Gould 1861, NCBI:txid42192, Fig. Mytilus has been assembled at the chromosome level, although a draft genome of M. coruscus ab initioon 2.2.1 , Swisspron 2.2.1 , 51 or aChlamys farreri (PRJNA185465), Pinctada fucata martensii (GCA_002216045.1), M. philippinarum (GCA_002080025.1), Crassostrea gigas (GCF_000297895.1), B. platifrons (GCA_002080005.1), Mizuhopecten yessoensis(GCA_002113\u00a0885.2), Penaeus vannamei (ASM378908v1), Pecten maximus (GCA_902652985.1), Scapharca (Anadara) broughtonii (PRJNA521075), Pomacea canaliculata (PRJNA427478), Haliotis discus hannai (PRJNA317403), and M. coruscus, using OrthoMCL  version 1.4 with a BLASTp cut-off value of 10\u22125 and an inflation value of 1.5  were identified in D-veliger, umbo, pediveliger, and juvenile larvae, respectively. Functional annotation indicated that these were mainly involved in \u201cenvironmental information processing\u201d  and \u201ccellular processes\u201d (\u201ctransport and catabolism\u201d), in agreement with the key role of signal transduction and the endocrine system in larval development [To profile gene expression during development and metamorphosis in hard-shelled mussels, RNA-seq analysis was conducted at 5 developmental stages: trochophore, D-veliger, umbo, pediveliger, and juvenile (PRJNA689932). The quantification of gene expression enabled the detection of 33,743 transcripts with TPMs >\u00a00 at all stages . The limelopment .Because the ability to effectuate metamorphosis develops during the pediveliger stage , we inveRRID:SCR_015008) v4.1.4 referencing metazoan and molluscan gene sets. In the metazoan dataset, the present assemblies have 89.4% complete (of which 1.0% were duplicated), 1.9% incomplete, and 8.7% missing BUSCOs, corresponding to a recovery of 91.3% of the entire BUSCO set. In the molluscan dataset, 85.5% complete (of which 1.3% were duplicated), 0.8% incomplete, and 13.7% missing BUSCOs were recorded, corresponding to 86.3% of the entire BUSCO set. Motifs with the characteristics of telomeric repeats were detected in 23 termini of the 13 chromosomes, suggesting the completeness of the assemblies  are available in Figshare [All of the raw Illumina and ONT read data underlying this article were deposited to NCBI SRA and the assembled genome was deposited to GenBank, under the accession No. Figshare  and GigaFigshare .Supplementary Table S1. Repetitive sequences in the hard-shelled mussel genomeSupplementary Table S2. Overview of the predicted non-coding RNAsSupplementary Table S3. Bidirectional BLASTp between the previously published gene models of the hard-shelled mussel and the predicted gene models in this studySupplementary Table S4. Gene expression profiles during 5 developmental stagesSupplementary Table S5. Genes involved in the pathways of catecholamine biosynthesis and adrenergic signaling in the cardiomyocytes were reported to affect metamorphosisSupplementary Table S6. Information on the motifs with the characteristic of telomeric repeatsSupplementary Figure S1. Circles showing genome-wide SNPs and indels from the farmed and wild populations. From the outer to the inner circle: first circle, marker distribution across 14 pseudochromosomes at a megabase scale; green circle, SNP density across the whole genome; red circle, indel density.\u03b1-ARA: alpha-1A adrenergic receptor-like; \u03b1-ARB: adrenergic receptor alpha-1B; \u03b22AR: adrenergic receptor beta-2; AC1: adenylate cyclase 1; AC10: adenylate cyclase 10; Akt: RAC serine/threonine-protein kinase; BLAST: Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; bp: base pairs; BUSCO: Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs; BWA: Burrows-Wheeler Aligner; CaM: calmodulin; CaMKII: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaM kinase) II; CAV1: caveolin 1; CAV3: caveolin 3; CREB: cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein; DBH: dopamine beta-monooxygenase; DDC: aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase; DHPR: voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1; Epac: Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor; ERK: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1/3; FPS: farmed population specific; GATK: Genome Analysis Tool Kit; Gb: gigabase pairs; GC: guanine-cytosine; Gi: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha; GO: Gene Ontology; Gq: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha; Gs: guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha; Hi-C: high-throughput chromosome conformation capture; ICER: cAMP response element modulator; IKS: potassium voltage-gated channel KQT-like subfamily member 1; IMP2: mitochondrial inner membrane protease subunit 2; INaK: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha; kb: kilobase pairs; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MAOA: monoamine oxidase A; MAOB: monoamine oxidase B; Mb: megabase pairs; MSK1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase alpha-5; NCBI: National Center for Biotechnology Information; NCX: solute carrier family 8 ; NF-\u03baB: nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit; NHE: solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger); ONT: Oxford Nanopore Technologies; p38MAPK: p38 MAP kinase; PASA: Program to Assemble Spliced Alignments; PE: paired end; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha/beta/delta; PKA: protein kinase A; PKC\u03b1: classical protein kinase C alpha type; PLC: phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C; PP1: serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1 catalytic subunit; RAxML: Randomized Axelerated Maximum Likelihood; RNA-Seq: RNA sequencing; SNP: single-nucleotide polymorphism; SRA: Sequence Read Archive; SSR: simple sequence repeat; TnI: Troponin I; TPMs: transcripts per million; TPM: tropomyosin; tRNA: transfer RNA; TYR: tyrosinase; WPS: wild population specific.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.This study was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0900601), Key Program for International Science and Technology Cooperation Projects of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2018YFD0900101), Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (GML2019ZD0402), the National Natural Science Foundation of China , Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader (20XD1421800), \"Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan\" The Belt and Road International Joint Laboratory Construction Projects (590750500), the Shanghai Sailing Program (18YF1410000), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M6614770), and Program for study on genetic resources, environment and strategy of mussel culture in coast of Gouqi Island offshore.J.L.Y., Y.L., and X.L. designed and supervised the study. K.C., J.K.X, Y.T.Z., and Y.F.L. collected the samples and extracted the genomic DNA and RNA. Y.L., J.L., and D.D.F. performed genome assembly and bioinformatics analysis. J.L.Y., D.D.F., X.L., J.L., and Y.L. wrote the original manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript.giab024_GIGA-D-20-00287_Original_SubmissionClick here for additional data file.giab024_GIGA-D-20-00287_Revision_1Click here for additional data file.giab024_GIGA-D-20-00287_Revision_2Click here for additional data file.giab024_Response_to_Reviewer_Comments_Original_SubmissionClick here for additional data file.giab024_Response_to_Reviewer_Comments_Revision_1Click here for additional data file.giab024_Reviewer_1_Report_Original_SubmissionMarco Gerdol -- 10/19/2020 ReviewedClick here for additional data file.giab024_Reviewer_1_Report_Revision_1Marco Gerdol -- 2/2/2021 ReviewedClick here for additional data file.giab024_Reviewer_2_Report_Original_SubmissionNathan Kenny -- 10/24/2020 ReviewedClick here for additional data file.giab024_Reviewer_2_Report_Revision_1Nathan Kenny -- 1/30/2021 ReviewedClick here for additional data file.giab024_Reviewer_3_Report_Original_SubmissionYi-Jyun Luo -- 10/26/2020 ReviewedClick here for additional data file.giab024_Reviewer_3_Report_Revision_1Yi-Jyun Luo -- 2/18/2021 ReviewedClick here for additional data file.giab024_Supplemental_FilesClick here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Differential and longitudinal immune gene patterns associated with reprogrammed microenvironment and viral mimicry in response to neoadjuvant radiotherapy in rectal cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021;9:e001717. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001717Wilkins A, Fontana E, Nyamundanda G, This paper has been updated since first published to amend author and ethics committee details."}
{"text": "A systemically deliverable Vaccinia virus with increased capacity for intertumoral and intratumoral spread effectively treats pancreatic cancer. J ImmunoThera Cancer 2021;9:e001624. doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-001624Marelli G, Chard Dunmall LS, Yuan M, This article has been corrected since it first published. The provenance and peer review statement has been added."}
{"text": "Phoneutria, mainly from P.nigriventer. In spite of the pharmaceutical potential demonstratedby P. nigriventer toxins, there is limited information onmolecules from venoms of the same genus, as their toxins remain poorlycharacterized. Understanding this diversity and clarifying the differencesin the mechanisms of action of spider toxins is of great importance forestablishing their true biotechnological potential. This prompted us tocompare three different venoms of the Phoneutria genus:P. nigriventer (Pn-V), P. eickstedtae(Pe-V) and P. pertyi (Pp-V).  Spider venoms induce different physio-pharmacological effects by bindingwith high affinity on molecular targets, therefore being of biotechnologicalinterest. Some of these toxins, acting on different types of ion channels,have been identified in the venom of spiders of the genus Biochemical and functional comparison of the venoms were carried out bySDS-PAGE, HPLC, mass spectrometry, enzymatic activities andelectrophysiological assays (whole-cell patch clamp).  The employed approach revealed that all three venoms had an overallsimilarity in their components, with only minor differences. The presence ofa high number of similar proteins was evident, particularly toxins in themass range of ~6.0 kDa. Hyaluronidase and proteolytic activities weredetected in all venoms, in addition to isoforms of the toxins Tx1 and Tx2-6.All Tx1 isoforms blocked Nav1.6 ion currents, with slight differences. Phoneutria genus, exposing their biotechnologicalpotential as a source for searching for new active molecules. Our findings showed that Pn-V, Pe-V and Pp-V are highly similar concerningprotein composition and enzymatic activities, containing isoforms of thesame toxins sharing high sequence homology, with minor modifications.However, these structural and functional variations are very important forvenom diversity. In addition, our findings will contribute to thecomprehension of the molecular diversity of the venoms of the other speciesfrom  Among the components of spider venoms, a wide variety of toxins evolved to bind tospecific targets of biological importance, such as ion channels, inducing biologicaleffects that allow spiders to immobilize their prey in a very efficient way, usingminor quantities of their toxins ,2. Thesethcentury and have advanced enormously up to the present time, suggesting theimmeasurable biotechnological potential of these molecules ethyl-(carboxymethyl)amino]acetic acid; EGTA: ethylene glycol-bis-(b-amino-ethyl ether)N,N,N\u00b4,N\u00b4-tetra-acetic acid; ESI: electrospray ionization; GMP: guanosinemonophosphate; HA: hyaluronic acid; HEPES:4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid; HPLC: high-pressure liquidchromatography; IAA: iodoacetamide; KOH: potassium hydroxide; LC: liquidchromatography; MALDI-TOF: matrix associated laser desorption/ionization-time offlight; MgCl2: magnesium chloride; MS: mass spectrometry; MW: massweight; NaCl: sodium chloride; NaOH: sodium hydroxide; Nav: typevoltage-dependent sodium channel; NMDA N-methyl d-aspartate; NO: nitric oxide;Pe: Phoneutria eickstedtae; Pe-V: Phoneutriaeickstedtae venom; Ph: Phoneutria; Pn:Phoneutria nigriventer; Pn-V: Phoneutrianigriventer venom; Pp: Phoneutria pertyi; Pp-V:Phoneutria pertyi venom; RP: reverse-phase; SDS-PAGE:sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; TEA-Cl:tetraethylammonium chloride; TFA: trifluoracetic acid; TNBS:2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid; Tx: toxin; UHPLC: ultra-high-pressure liquidchromatography. ACN: acetonitrile; ACU: acquired colorimetric unit; AMBIC: ammonium bicarbonate;CaCl"}
{"text": "Andropromachus (Lonchodidae: Necrosciinae: Necrosciini) is a small genus of stick insects including four species with a distribution in northern Vietnam and south-western China.The genus Andropromachusgulinqingensissp. n. is described from Yunnan Province of China. Diagnostic characters of the new species are illustrated and an identification key to male and female Andropromachus is provided along with a checklist for all described species.A new species of stick insects  Andropromachus, including the two species A.scutatus Carl and A.bicolor Kirby, was erected within the tribe Necrosciini (Phasmatodea: Lonchodidae: Necrosciinae) by Lonchodinae by A.scutatus as the type-species. Spiniphasma Chen & He, 2000 is a junior synonym of the genus Andropromachus, and therefore transferred the species S.guangxiense to Andropromachus. Promachustonkinensis Brunner von Wattenwyl to Andropromachus as A.bicolor Kirby, which cannot be further examined because the type specimen of A.tonkinensis was lost and the original description was incomplete. Andropromachus back to Necrosciinae. A.scutatus was included in a recent phylogenetic study that also supported Andropromachus belonging to Necrosciinae .The genus tergites . At preshe world . Here, whe world  and two Adults, caught in the wild, were reared in boxes and some host plants (fern) were placed inside the boxes until female oviposition. After adults and eggs were killed by low temperatures (\u221220\u2103 to ca. \u221240\u2103), adults were pinned and eggs stored in small tubes. All materials studied were deposited in the Insect Collection of the Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan Province, China (SWFU).Morphological observations were made with a SOPTOP SZ stereomicroscope . Digital images were obtained using a Liyang Super Resolution System LY-WN-YH . Whole view images of the new specimens were taken with a Canon 5ds digital camera and LAOWA 100 mm F2.8 2X macro lens . Stacking was done using the software Zerene Stacker . Morphological terminology follows that of Bragg (2001)Xie & Qiansp. n.DFB7216B-DCFD-5416-AE84-268668CA5F8C303602BC-E9B7-4934-9CF7-7DAF8289E945Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Xiang-Jin Liu; sex: female; lifeStage: adults; Taxon: scientificName: Andropromachusgulinqingensis; order: Phasmatodea; family: Lonchodidae; genus: Andropromachus; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan Province; county: Maguan County; municipality: Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture; verbatimLocality: Maguan County, Gulinqing Provincial Nature Reserve; verbatimLatitude: N22.81339\u00b0; verbatimLongitude: E103.97092\u00b0; Event: year: 2020; month: 7; day: 15; Record Level: institutionCode: Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan Province, China (SWFU)Type status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Xiang-Jin Liu; sex: 2 females, 2 males, 10 eggs; lifeStage: adults; Taxon: scientificName: Andropromachusgulinqingensis; order: Phasmatodea; family: Lonchodidae; genus: Andropromachus; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan Province; county: Maguan County; municipality: Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture; verbatimLocality: Maguan County, Gulinqing Provincial Nature Reserve; verbatimLatitude: N22.81339\u00b0; verbatimLongitude: E103.97092\u00b0; Event: year: 2020; month: 7; day: 15; Record Level: institutionCode: Southwest Forestry University, Yunnan Province, China (SWFU)Medium size. Body robust. The general colouration of the body is green Fig. A-G.Head. Globose, longer than wide, vertex flat, sparsely covered with a few small granules and interspersed with a few acute small granules. Compound eyes rounded, occupying 1/4 of the genae. Antennae filiform, longer than forelegs; scapus rectangular, flattened and longer than pedicellus, pedicellus cylindrical and shorter than the third segment. Occiput prominently swollen and convex, with three pairs of spines on both sides of the median longitudinal sulci; anterior spines behind the compound eyes; median spines largest and with a few small branches; posterior spines close to median spines , but can be distinguished by: \u2640\u2640, middle size (body length > 50 mm), without spines between the compound eyes (Fig. yes Fig. C, abdomiyes Fig. A and B, yes Fig. E, all feyes Fig. A and B; This specific epithet is derived from Gulinqing Provincial Nature Reserve where it was collected."}
{"text": "S. aureus bacteremia (SAB).Bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI) are one of the most described syndromes in infectious diseases, but the presence of racial disparities in BSI is unclear. The purpose of this project was to determine if racial disparities exist in patients with S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections. Statistical comparisons were performed for binary variables with Fisher\u2019s Exact test and continuous variables with Kruskal-Wallis test.Data was used from a prospective cohort of patients with SAB at Duke University Medical Center from 1995-2015. Patients were categorized as African American (AA) or White. Characteristics of interest included discharge disposition, metastatic infection, persistence of SAB, and in-hospital mortality stratified by methicillin-susceptible Among the 2396 patients with SAB, 1496 (62.4%) were White and 900 (37.6%) were AA. 1241 patients (51.8%) had MSSA bacteremia overall. Whites comprised 63.6% of MSSA and 61.2% of MRSA infections. AA were younger  and more likely to be female . AA had higher rates of diabetes, hemodialysis, HIV infection for both MSSA and MRSA, but higher rates of injection drug use for MSSA only; Whites had higher rates of neoplasm, corticosteroid use, surgery for MSSA and MRSA, but higher rates of transplant for MRSA only . AA had higher Acute Physiology Scores . AA experienced increased rates of healthcare-associated infection . Although Whites were more likely to have in-hospital mortality for MRSA , discharge disposition, metastatic infection, and persistence did not vary significantly by race.Racial disparities exist in SAB, more so for patient characteristics than for outcomes. AA patients were younger, had a different set of comorbidities, and had more acute presentations. Although Whites had higher rates of in-hospital mortality, all other outcomes were similar.Vance G. Fowler, Jr., MD, MHS, Achaogen (Consultant)Advanced Liquid Logics (Grant/Research Support)Affinergy Affinium (Consultant)Akagera (Consultant)Allergan (Grant/Research Support)Amphliphi Biosciences (Consultant)Aridis (Consultant)Armata (Consultant)Basilea Bayer (Consultant)C3J (Consultant)Cerexa Contrafect Debiopharm Destiny (Consultant)Durata Genentech Green Cross Integrated Biotherapeutics (Consultant)Janssen Karius (Grant/Research Support)Locus (Grant/Research Support)Medical Biosurfaces (Grant/Research Support)Medicines Co. (Consultant)MedImmune Merck (Grant/Research Support)NIH (Grant/Research Support)Novadigm (Consultant)Novartis Pfizer (Grant/Research Support)Regeneron sepsis diagnostics Tetraphase (Consultant)Theravance Trius (Consultant)UpToDate Valanbio xBiotech (Consultant)"}
{"text": "Incorrect name: Miriam Ly-Le MoalCorrect name: Myriam Ly\u2010Le MoalAn incorrect author nameIncorrect affiliation: Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hofmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4070 Basel, Switzerland.Correct affiliation: Institut Jean Nicod, ENS, ParisThe wrong affiliation was listed for Tiziana ZallaThe author group has been updated above, and the original article [Following publication of the original article 1], the authors identified 2 errors:, the aut"}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Genomics 23, 20 (2022)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-08214-9Following publication of the original article , it was The incorrect sentence was:\u201cMinimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for the following 17 diferent antibiotics: cefotaxime (CTX), ceftazidime (CAZ), cefepime (FEP), colistin (CT), tigecycline (TGC), imipenem (IMP), ertapenem (ETP), meropenem (MEM), ciprofoxacin (CIP), fosfomycin (FOS), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ), amikacin (AMK), gentamicin (GEN), chloramphenicol (CHL), tetracycline [5], and aztreonam (ATM) for EBSI041 using the agar microdilution method excepted for colistin using the broth microdilution method.\u201dThe correct sentence is:(TET), and aztreonam (ATM) for EBSI041 using the agar microdilution method excepted for colistin using the broth microdilution method.Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for the following 17 diferent antibiotics: cefotaxime (CTX), ceftazidime (CAZ), cefepime (FEP), colistin (CT), tigecycline (TGC), imipenem (IMP), ertapenem (ETP), meropenem (MEM), ciprofoxacin (CIP), fosfomycin (FOS), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT), piperacillin-tazobactam (PTZ), amikacin (AMK), gentamicin (GEN), chloramphenicol (CHL), tetracycline The correct affiliations presentation is given in this Correction article and the original article  has been"}
{"text": "Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) present significant treatment challenges and can cause serious morbidity and mortality. Ceftobiprole, the active moiety of the prodrug ceftobiprole medocaril, is an advanced cephalosporin approved in many European and other countries for the treatment of adults with community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia, excluding ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ceftobiprole is currently in phase 3 clinical development to support a New Drug Application in the United States for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections and S. aureus bacteremia. Here, the activity of ceftobiprole and comparators was evaluated against recent MDR S. aureus and MRSA clinical isolates.Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were collected from patients with various infection types at 34 US medical centers from 2016\u20132020. Susceptibility to ceftobiprole and comparator agents was tested by CLSI methods. Current CLSI and EUCAST interpretive criteria were applied (Table). Isolates were categorized as MDR if they were non-susceptible  to \u22653 of the following antimicrobials: clindamycin (CM), daptomycin (DAP), erythromycin (ERY), gentamicin (GM), levofloxacin (LEV), linezolid (LZD), tetracycline (TET), tigecycline (TGC), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), or vancomycin (VAN). Isolates displaying oxacillin MIC values \u22654 mg/L were categorized as MRSA.13,868 Ceftobiprole was more active than ceftaroline (CPT) against MRSA  (Table). Ceftobiprole maintained activity against 88.0% of the CPT-NS isolates, but CPT was only active against 6.5% of the ceftobiprole-NS isolates. Ceftobiprole was also highly active (97.7\u2013100.0% S) against isolates NS to CM, DAP, ERY, GM, LEV, LZD, TET, TGC, or TMP-SMX. No VAN-NS isolates were detected. Importantly, ceftobiprole was more active (97.7% S) than CPT (83.0% S) against the subset of MDR-MRSA isolates.Conclusions: Ceftobiprole was highly active in vitro against MRSA and MDR S. aureus collected at US medical centers during 2016\u20132020. These results support the further development of ceftobiprole to treat S. aureus infections in the US.Leonard R. Duncan, PhD, AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica International, Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla USA Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Department of Health and Human Services Shionogi (Research Grant or Support) Kamal Hamed, MD, MPH, Basilea Pharmaceutica International, Ltd (Employee)Department of Health and Human Services  Jennifer Smart, PhD, Basilea Pharmaceutica International, Ltd. (Employee)Department of Health and Human Services  Michael A Pfaller, MD, Basilea Pharmaceutica International, Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Cidara Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Department of Health and Human Services Pfizer, Inc. (Research Grant or Support) Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica International, Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla USA Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Department of Health and Human Services Melinta Therapeutics, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Nabriva Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Shionogi (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)"}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Cancer 21, 676 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-021-08418-yBalearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, SpainFollowing publication of the original article , the autThe affiliations have been correctly published in this correction and the original article  has been"}
{"text": "ABSTRACT IMPACT: A short treatment of 8 obese postmenopausal women with conjugated estrogens and bazedoxifene does not alter insulin sensitivity or ectopic fat but increases serum markers of hepatic de novo lipogenesis and production of triacylglycerides. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Combining conjugated estrogens (CE) with the selective estrogen receptor modulator bazedoxifene (BZA) is a novel, orally-administered menopausal therapy. We investigated the effect of CE/BZA on insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, and serum metabolome in postmenopausal women with obesity. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, crossover pilot trial, testing the effect of CE/BZA on cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal women. Eight postmenopausal women  were randomization to an 8-week CE/BZA or placebo treatment separated by an 8-week washout period [NCT02274571]. The primary outcome was insulin sensitivity (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), while secondary outcomes included body composition (DXA); resting metabolic rate (RMR); substrate oxidation ; ectopic lipids (1H-MRS); fat cell size, adipose and skeletal muscle gene expression (biopsies); inflammatory markers; and serum metabolome (LC/MS). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: CE/BZA had no effect on insulin sensitivity, body composition, ectopic fat, or substrate oxidation, but resulted in a non-significant increase in RMR  compared to placebo. CE/BZA increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CE/BZA also increased serum diacylglycerol (DAG) and triacylglycerol (TAG) species containing long-chain saturated, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs), and decreased long-chain acylcarnitines. These findings possibly reflect increased hepatic de novo FA synthesis and esterification into TAGs, and decreased FA oxidation, respectively (p<0.05). CE/BZA increased serum phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, ceramides, and sphingomyelins, possibly reflecting the increase in lipoproteins (p<0.05). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: A short treatment of postmenopausal women with CE/BZA did not alter insulin action or ectopic fat, but increased markers of hepatic de novo lipogenesis and TAG production. Study limitations include a small sample size and short treatment period. A larger, fully powered study is needed to validate the potential metabolic benefit of combining CE with BZA."}
{"text": "Following publication of the original article , the autThe sentence currently reads:Locked twins is a rare and hazardous obstetric complication, which occurs in approximately 1:100 twin pregnancies.The sentence should read:Locked twins is a rare and hazardous obstetric complication, which occurs in approximately 1:1000 twin pregnancies.The sentence currenty reads:Locked twins is a rare, hazardous obstetric complication, which occurs in approximately 1:100 twin pregnancies , 3.The sentence should read:Locked twins is a rare, hazardous obstetric complication, which occurs in approximately 1:1000 twin pregnancies , 3.The original article  has been"}
{"text": "Nature Communications (2022) 13:1-7; 10.1038/s41467-022-28537-9, published online 18 February 2022.Correction to: In this article the affiliation details for Author L. Ruby Leung were incorrectly given as \u2018Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM), Qingdao, China\u2019 but should have been \u2018Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA\u2019. The original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "The purpose of this study was to investigate the Staphylococcus aureus , methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis , other methicillin-susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci , and vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecalis (31). The isolates were collected primarily from pneumonia in hospitalized patients , urinary tract infections , and bloodstream infections . Organisms were tested using reference broth microdilution methods in a central laboratory. The susceptibility of 580 Gram-positive organisms were tested, including: methicillin-susceptible 90 value of 0.03 mg/L against MSSA and 0.015 mg/L against MSSE isolates. Ertapenem MIC90 values were 8-fold higher against MSSA  and 32-fold higher against MSSE . Tebipenem displayed an MIC90 value of 0.03 mg/L against MSCoNS species other than S. epidermidis. This result was 8- and 32-fold lower than those of meropenem  and ertapenem , respectively. Tebipenem inhibited all E. faecalis isolates at \u22641 mg/L , with an MIC90 value at least 2-fold lower than meropenem  and 16-fold lower than ertapenem .Tebipenem had an MICin vitro activity was greater than meropenem and ertapenem when tested against E. faecalis. These data indicate that tebipenem may be an option for treating urinary tract infections caused by these organisms or as an empiric option to provide broader coverage against Gram-negative and -positive organisms.Tebipenem displayed potent activity against methicillin susceptible staphylococci, including MSSA, MSSE, and other MSCoNS. Tebipenem S J Ryan Arends, PhD, AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Nabriva Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support) Abby L. Klauer, n/a, Cidara Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support) Nicole Cotroneo, Spero Therapeutics  Ian A. Critchley, Ph.D., Spero Therapeutics  Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie (Research Grant or Support)AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla USA Inc. (Research Grant or Support)ContraFect Corporation (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Nabriva Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Shionogi (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)"}
{"text": "Influenza D virus (IDV), with bovines as a primary host, circulates widely in cattle populations across North America and Eurasia. Here we report the identification of a novel IDV group with broad antigenicity in U.S. bovine herds, which is genetically different from previously known lineages of IDV. Orthomyxoviridae. Since its first identification in the United States, IDV and its antibody prevalence have been reported in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa [Influenza D virus (IDV) is a newly identified member of the family d Africa . IDV utid Africa . IDV infd Africa  and is ad Africa  with a md Africa ,9.Based on the nucleotide sequences of the Hemagglutinin-Esterase Fusion (HEF) protein that is the primary target of virus-neutralizing antibodies, IDV can be classified into four distinctive lineages, D/OK, D/660, D/Yama2016, and D/Yama2019 ,11. HereIn this study, total 100 nasal swabs were collected by the herd veterinarian from calves exhibiting respiratory disease at commercial operations in 2018\u20132019. Of them, 10 samples tested positive for IDV in RT\u2013PCR assay  were inoculated individually onto human rectal tumour HRT-18G cells, then subsequently passaged to swine testicle ST cells. When a cytopathic effect (CPE) was observed in ST cells, supernatants were collected and tested for the presence of hemagglutination (HA) using 0.5% of turkey red blood cells. Following successful virus isolation and initial genome sequencing, six of them were further employed for full-genome sequencing by MiSeq. Sequences were submitted to GenBank: D/bovine/Michigan/0377/2019 (D/MI/0377/2019) (MW632171-MW632177), D/bovine/California/1490/2018 (D/CA/1490/2018) (MW632178-MW632184), D/bovine/Oklahoma/1544/2018 (D/OK/1544/2018) (MW632185-MW632191), D/bovine/California/0363/2019 (D/CA/19) (MW020305-MW020311), D/bovine/California/1908/2019 (D/CA/1908/2019) (MW020319-MW020325) and D/bovine/California/0894/2019 (D/CA/0894/2019) (MW020312-MW020318).To examine the evolutionary relationship of these new isolates to previously characterized IDVs, we performed phylogenetic analysis of the HEF segment sequences in MEGA-X, together with a total of 61genome sequences deposited in GenBank from 2013 to 2020. Three of six new isolates clustered together, forming a lineage that is genetically distinguishable from all the known IDV strains  assay using rabbit reference antisera raised against semi-purified virus particle preparations from three IDV lineage-representative strains, D/OK/11, D/660/13, and D/CA/19. As summarized in Antigenic variation between D/CA2019 and other two lineages was also further demonstrated in the HI assay using post-infection guinea antisera raised against three cell culture-propagated lineage-representative viruses as described above (In summary, we identified a novel phylogenetic group of IDV strains in diseased bovines in California. This new group, D/CA2019, represents the fifth genetic lineage of IDV (Click here for additional data file.Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "SARS-CoV-2 vaccine efficacy (VE) against asymptomatic infection and impact on viral shedding during breakthrough infections have critical implications for pandemic control. AZD1222  demonstrated VE of 74.0%  against the primary endpoint of symptomatic RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 and safety in a Phase 3, 2:1 randomized, placebo-controlled study in the US, Chile and Peru . Here we present exploratory analyses on asymptomatic infections determined by nucleocapsid (N) seroconversion and time to viral clearance in participants with symptomatic infections determined by N seroconversion .N seroconversion was assessed at all scheduled and illness visits in the fully vaccinated analysis set (Table). In this analysis, symptomatic infections are defined as N seroconversion \u2265 15 days post second dose in participants who attended an illness visit with \u2265 1 qualifying COVID-19 symptom and had \u2265 1 positive RT-PCR result for SARS-CoV-2. Asymptomatic infections are defined as N seroconversion \u2265 15 days post second dose in participants who did not meet the criteria for symptomatic infections. In participants with symptomatic infections, viral shedding in saliva was assessed for 28 days and cumulative incidence of viral clearance was determined.Table. AZD1222 VE against symptomatic and potentially asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections as determined by N seroconversionOverall, 358 participants had SARS-CoV-2 infections as determined by N seroconversion (Table). Incidences per 1000 person-years of symptomatic infections were 25.62 for AZD1222 vs 103.42 for placebo  and of asymptomatic infections were 51.24 vs 111.95  (Table). Sensitivity analyses for N seroconversion using the primary endpoint and CDC criteria for defining symptomatic/asymptomatic status were supportive. Median time to viral clearance in saliva in participants with symptomatic infections was 11 days  vs 16 days  .Figure. Viral clearance in saliva samples in participants with symptomatic infections as determined by N seroconversionAZD1222 resulted in lower yet meaningful VE against asymptomatic compared to symptomatic infections, as determined by N seroconversion, and shortened viral shedding in symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections vs placebo, highlighting its potential contribution to reducing viral transmission.Funding StatementAnn R. Falsey, MD, AstraZeneca  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; BioFire Diagnostics  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Janssen  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Merck, Sharpe and Dohme  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Novavax  Involved: Self): Other Financial or Material Support, Paid DSMB member; Pfizer  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support Merlin L. Robb, M.D., Henry M. Jackson Foundation  Hong-Van Tieu, M.D, M.S., National Institutes of Health (Grant/Research Support) Lawrence Corey, MD, NIH (Grant/Research Support) Kathleen Neuzil, MD, MPH, NIH Pfizer (Grant/Research Support) Jill Maaske, M.D., AstraZeneca  Brett Jepson, n/a, AstraZeneca Cytel, Inc. (Employee) Stephanie Sproule, n/a, AstraZeneca  Elizabeth Kelly, n/a, AstraZeneca"}
{"text": "Cell Discovery (2021) 7:62Correction to: 10.1038/s41421-021-00286-x Published online 10 August 20211 one of the author\u2019s name was incorrect. In this correction article, the correct and incorrect name are indicated.In the original publication of this articlePrevious incorrect name:Hongqin YingCorrected name:Hongqing YinPrevious incorrect name:These authors contributed equally: Chuying Huang, Hongqin Ying, Xibiao Yang, Li Wang.Corrected name:These authors contributed equally: Chuying Huang, Hongqing Yin, Xibiao Yang, Li Wang."}
{"text": "Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) and spina bifida (SB) are congenital disabilities. Due to life-long disability, adults with CP/SB are with greater needs for preventative care. Little is known about racial/ethnic disparities in use of preventative services in this population. Our objective was to examine racial/ethnic disparities in use of preventative care. Methods: Using 2007-2017 private claims data, we identified White, Black, and Hispanic adults (18+) with CP/SB . We quantified the National Institute of Medicine (NAM) definition of disparity by matching health related variables  between Whites and each minority subpopulation. Generalized estimating equations were used and all models were adjusted for age, sex, comorbidities, income, education, and U.S. Census divisions. Outcomes of interest were: (1) any office visit; (2) any physical therapy/ occupational therapy (PT/OT); (3) annual wellness visit; (4) bone density screening; (5) cholesterol screening; (6) diabetes screening. Results: Rate of recommended services for all adults with CP/SB were low and no significant results were found for most preventative services across race/ethnicity. Compared with Whites, Hispanics had lower odds of annual wellness visit  but higher odds of diabetes screening . Blacks had lower odds of bone density screening , and annual wellness visit . Conclusions: There were no substantial racial/ethnic disparities in use of preventive services among privately insured adults with CP/SB who had a higher-than-average income and education level."}
{"text": "Originally published figures:Corrected figures Figs. , 3, 4:FiFollowing the publication of the original article , we wereThe original article has been corrected."}
{"text": "Apodidae). Swifts are common resident and migratory birds throughout Saudi Arabia. Two chewing lice genera are known for parasitising swifts throughout the world: Dennyus Neumann, 1906 and Eureum Nitzsch, 1818, none of which have been recorded from the Kingdom before.Very little is known about the chewing lice fauna of Saudi Arabia especially from swifts (D. (Dennyus) hirundinis  and Dennyus sp. (Phthiraptera: Amblycera: Menoponidae) infesting the common swift Apusapus  and African palm swift Cypsiurusparvus , respectively. The described chewing lice species are considered as new country records. They will be added to the Saudi Arabia parasitic fauna. Taxonomical and ecological remarks were provided for the identified chewing lice through this work, along with notes on swift/chewing lice interaction.Two species of resident wild swifts were examined for chewing lice for the first time in Saudi Arabia. Two rare lice species were identified:  Apodiformes: Apodidae) are one of the fastest bird groups in the world and includes around 113 species  and three common swifts were examined at Aja Mountain, Ha\u2019il ; however, only the African palm swift and one common swift were infested with lice. A standard mist net: (mesh: 1.8 cm \u00d7 0.12 mm and size: 2 m \u00d7 15 m) was used for capturing the examined birds. The live caught birds were first inspected visually, then a fumigation chamber was used for chewing lice collection using chloroform as a fumigant for 3 min .Known hosts: Cypsiurusparvus , African palm swift.D. (Dennyus) cypsiurus and, in this case, it will be the first record from Saudi Arabia. Not much is known about that species. The collected samples were found on the body feathers near the anus of the host.From my examination and description, as well as the host/parasite association, this species could be Linnaeus, 1761B23B1ED6-A010-50A4-A509-5CF9C0A909AEDennyus (Dennyus) hirundinisDennyus (Dennyus) hirundinisPediculushirundinis Linnaeus, 1761:479Nirmustruncatus Olfers, 1816:91Nitzschiaburmeisteri Denny, 1842:202Nitzschiatibialis Piaget, 1880:576Dennyusafricanus B\u00fcttiker, 1954:159Dennyusclayae Nakagawa, 1959a:164Dennyusmaritimus Buttiker, 1954:160Nitzschiaminor Kellogg & Pame, 1914:242Dennyusminutus Buttiker, 1954:160Dennyustruncatiformis Mokhehle, 1951:341Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Kholoud A. Al-Shammery; individualCount: 1; sex: 1 female; lifeStage: 1 adult; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Insecta; order: Phthiraptera; family: Menoponidae; genus: Dennyus; subgenus: Dennyus; specificEpithet: hirundinis; Location: country: Saudi Arabia; stateProvince: Aja Mountain, Ha\u2019il; Event: eventDate: February 2018Head trilobed triangular in shape, maxillary palp protruding out of the head, antenna very short, temple rectangular with characteristic highly chitinized out line, gula well developed with lateral row of four black spin-like seta and characteristic chitinization surrounding; thorax clearly divided, prothorax small quadrat shape, meso and meta thorax highly chitinized on lateral margin with acute ends; fore legs with large coxa and enlarged rounded femora, mid and hind legs slightly equal in length, ventral side of hind femora covered with elongated brush of short seta; abdomen elongated oval in shape with highly chitinized lateral margin with acute ends and two small thorn-like seta, the ventral brush appears in segment IV and V; the body of this species is highly pigmented Fig. .Measurements: Female HL: 0.47; HW: 0.64; HI: 0.73; TL: 0.57; AL: 1.94; TOL: 2.98 \u00b1 0.2.Dennyus (Dennyus) hirundinis distribution: Palaearctic: Asia ; Europe ; Afrotropical: Africa .Local host: only one sample was collected from common swift, Apusapus.Known hosts: Apusapus , common swift (type host); Aerodramusunicolor , Indian swiftlet; Apusalexandri Hartert, 1901, Alexander\u00b4s swift; Apuspallidus , Pallid swift; Apusbarbatus , African swift; Apusbradfieldi , Bradfield\u00b4s swift; Apuspacificus , fork-tailed swift; Apusacuticauda , dark-rumped swift; Apusaffinis , little swift; Apushorus , Horus swift; Apuscaffer , white-rumped swift.D. (Dennyus) hirundinis from Saudi Arabia. This species is found throughout the body of the host; the collected sample was found feeding on the eye fluid of the host during the night.This report constitutes a new geographical record of Recently, several publications have focused on the taxonomic status of chewing lice infesting domestic, resident, migratory and exotic birds of Saudi Arabia . AlthougDennyus species from Saudi Arabia and the region. Therefore, the record of D. (Dennyus) hirundinis and unidentified Dennyus nymph are considered an addition to Saudi Arabia's parasitic fauna. Although Dennyus spp. are generally characterised by high degrees of host specificity (D. (Dennyus) cypsiurus Thompson, 1948 which is already known to infest African palm swift. There are likely more species of Dennyus waiting to be recorded from Saudi Arabia as additional louse samples from swifts become available  are considered migratory birds (The two species of swifts that have been examined in this work (the African palm swift, ry birds . This fa"}
{"text": "Mean SBP at Baseline was 137.87 +18.8 mmHg (range 98-191). Menus were adapted to provide 20% daily DASH requirements at breakfast, 50% at lunch. Participants attended classes in nutrition and medication management and were provided with and trained to use an automated home BP monitor. Meal satisfaction scores dipped briefly then met or exceed pre-DASH levels. Home BP data was downloaded every 2-4 weeks with social/behavioral support. The COVID-19 closures interfered with BP outcome data collection and meal service ceased. Primary outcome: x2 change in SBP at Month 1 = -4.41 mmHg + 18 (n=61) (p=0.713). Significant associations will be reported. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Our community-academic research partnership implemented the DASH diet in congregate-meal settings to address uncontrolled hypertension in seniors. COVID-19 interrupted the study, but encouraging trends were observed that may inform refinement to this community-based health intervention for seniors.ABSTRACT IMPACT: Our implementation model translates two evidence-based nutritional and behavioral interventions to lower blood pressure, into a community-based intervention program for seniors receiving congregate meals. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The Rockefeller University, Clinical Directors Network, and Carter Burden Network received an Administration for Community Living Nutrition Innovation grant to test whether implementation of DASH-concordant meals and health education programs together lower blood pressure among seniors aging in place. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: n=200, >60 yr, >4 meals/week at CBN; engagement of seniors/stakeholders in planning and conduct; Advisory Committee to facilitate dissemination; menus aligned with Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and NYC Department for the Aging nutritional guidelines; interactive sessions for education in nutrition, BP management, medication adherence. Training in use of automated daily home BP monitors (Omron 20). Validated surveys at M0, M1, M3, M6. Taste preference and cost assessed through Meal Satisfaction  and Plate Waste measures. Primary Outcome: Change in Systolic BP (SBP) at Month 1; change in %BP controlled. Secondary: validated cognitive, behavioral, nutritional measures , economics; staff/client satisfaction, trends and significant associations. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: n=94, x"}
{"text": "Prevention, with widespread lifestyle risk reduction at the community-level, is currently considered an effective method to decrease Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD). As part of the Virginia Commonwealth University iCubed Health and Wellness in Aging Core, diverse older adults (60+) living in Richmond, VA, with incomes below $12,000/year and managing either diabetes/cardiovascular symptoms, were offered weekly lifestyle telephone-health coaching for 12-weeks, providing education, motivations, self-efficacy, and referral services for AD lifestyle risk. The study sample  was 88% African American/Black (n=35), 100% Non-Hispanic, and 45% males (n=18)). Thirty-nine (95%) of subjects successfully participated in coaching sessions; on average 91.9% (11) sessions/subject were completed. Participants provided positive anecdotal feedback and the need for continued health coaching during COVID. N=30 (75%) of the original sample consented for continued health coaching during the Covid pandemic, 63% female, 88% African American/Black, 60-77 age range (mean age 69 years), and 47% reporting memory problems. Baseline Covid interviews indicated poorer health status associated with reporting memory problems for poor physical health days ; poor mental health days ; total mental/physical health poor days ; sad days ; worried days ; tired days ; feelings of emptiness ; feelings of rejection ; feelings of failure ; little interest/pleasure ; and feeling down . In conclusion, this preliminary work creates the impetus for future large-scale AD prevention investigations to improve the lives of AD-risk, low-income, diverse older adults reporting memory problems. This research indicates the subjective reporting of memory problems requires health intervention."}
{"text": "Klebsiellae spp. arises through mutational and acquired mechanisms and is considered an \u201curgent threat\u201d by the CDC. VNRX-5236 is a bicyclic boronate \u03b2-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) that combines oral bioavailability  and activity against all three Ambler classes of serine \u03b2-lactamases. VNRX-7145 is currently in development with the oral cephalosporin, ceftibuten (CTB) .Carbapenem resistance in Figure 1. Structures of VNRX-7145, VNRX-5236, and ceftibuten. The \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors are in red and the \u03b2-lactam antibiotic is in black.Klebsiellae from the Consortium on Resistance against Carbapenems in Klebsiella (CRACKLE) was assessed in this study. Among these, 193 expressed class A KPC enzymes, one expressed a class B NDM enzyme, and six expressed a class D OXA-48 or variant enzyme. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by broth microdilution (CLSI M07 Ed. 11) using the ThermoFisher Sensititre system with custom assay panels. MICs were interpreted using CLSI M100 Ed. 30, except the EUCAST breakpoint for CTB (S\u22641 \u00b5g/mL) was used for CTB and was applied for comparative purposes to CTB/VNRX-5236 MICs where VNRX-5236 was fixed at 4 \u00b5g/mL. American Type Culture Collection strains were used for quality control.The activity of CTB/VNRX-5236 against 200 carbapenem-resistant 50s were in the susceptible range for CZA, MVB, and CTB/VNRX-5236; and resistant for CTB, ceftazidime (CAZ) and meropenem (MEM). MIC90s were in the susceptible range for CZA, MVB, and CTB/VNRX-5236 and resistant range for CAZ, MEM, and CTB (Table 1). One of four CZA-resistant and three of nine MVB non-susceptible strains were provisionally susceptible to CTB/VNRX-5236.92.5% of stains studied in this CRACKLE collection were provisionally susceptible to CTB/VNRX-5236. In comparison, strains were 95.5% and 98% susceptible to meropenem-vaborbactam (MVB) and ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA), respectively. MICMIC50 and MIC90 values (\u00b5g/mL) and percent susceptibility for Klebsiella pneumoniae strains (n=200). AMK, amikacin; CST, colistin; CAZ, ceftazidime; CZA, ceftazidime-avibactam; FEP, cefepime; MEM, meropenem; MVB, meropenem-vaborbactam; CTB, ceftibuten; TGC, tigecycline. * The breakpoint for CST is intermediate, as no susceptible breakpoint is available. ** The CTB breakpoint is valid only for urinary tract isolates. *** The breakpoint for CTB was provisionally used for CTB/VNRX-5236, where VNRX-5236 was fixed at 4 \u00b5g/mL.Klebsiella isolates tested, reaching a total of 92.5% susceptibility. The prodrug (VNRX-7145) allows for oral administration, making it a potential option for step-down therapy. Importantly, VNRX-5236 has a broader spectrum of activity than existing oral BLIs, opening new treatment options for resistant infections as a key addition to the existing antibiotic arsenal.The addition of VNRX-5236 enhanced the activity of CTB against the 200 Robin Patel, MD, 1928 Diagnostics (Consultant)BioFire Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)ContraFect Corporation (Grant/Research Support)Curetis (Consultant)Hylomorph AG (Grant/Research Support)IDSA Infectious Diseases Board Review Course Mammoth Biosciences (Consultant)NBME Netflix (Consultant)Next Gen Diagnostics (Consultant)PathoQuest (Consultant)PhAST (Consultant)Qvella (Consultant)Samsung Selux Diagnostics (Consultant)Shionogi & Co., Ltd. (Grant/Research Support)Specific Technologies (Consultant)TenNor Therapeutics Limited (Grant/Research Support)Torus Biosystems (Consultant)Up-to-Date  Robin Patel, MD, BioFire  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Contrafect  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; IDSA  Involved: Self): Editor\u2019s stipend; NBME, Up-to-Date and the Infectious Diseases Board Review Course  Involved: Self): Honoraria; Netflix  Involved: Self): Consultant; TenNor Therapeutics Limited  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; to Curetis, Specific Technologies, Next Gen Diagnostics, PathoQuest, Selux Diagnostics, 1928 Diagnostics, PhAST, Torus Biosystems, Mammoth Biosciences and Qvella  Involved: Self): Consultant David van Duin, MD, PhD, Entasis (Advisor or Review Panel member)genentech (Advisor or Review Panel member)Karius (Advisor or Review Panel member)Merck Pfizer Qpex (Advisor or Review Panel member)Shionogi Utility (Advisor or Review Panel member) Vance G. Fowler, Jr., MD, MHS, Achaogen (Consultant)Advanced Liquid Logics (Grant/Research Support)Affinergy Affinium (Consultant)Akagera (Consultant)Allergan (Grant/Research Support)Amphliphi Biosciences (Consultant)Aridis (Consultant)Armata (Consultant)Basilea Bayer (Consultant)C3J (Consultant)Cerexa Contrafect Debiopharm Destiny (Consultant)Durata Genentech Green Cross Integrated Biotherapeutics (Consultant)Janssen Karius (Grant/Research Support)Locus (Grant/Research Support)Medical Biosurfaces (Grant/Research Support)Medicines Co. (Consultant)MedImmune Merck (Grant/Research Support)NIH (Grant/Research Support)Novadigm (Consultant)Novartis Pfizer (Grant/Research Support)Regeneron sepsis diagnostics Tetraphase (Consultant)Theravance Trius (Consultant)UpToDate Valanbio xBiotech (Consultant) Daniel D. Rhoads, MD, Becton, Dickinson and Company (Grant/Research Support) Michael Jacobs, MBBS, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support) Focco van den Akker, PhD, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support) David A. Six, PhD, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Employee) Greg Moeck, PhD, Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Employee) Krisztina M. Papp-Wallace, Ph.D., Merck & Co., Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Spero Therapeutics, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Venatorx Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Wockhardt Ltd.  Robert A. Bonomo, MD, entasis (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Grant/Research Support)NIH (Grant/Research Support)VA Merit Award (Grant/Research Support)VenatoRx (Grant/Research Support)"}
{"text": "Of 159 family caregivers participants, the mean age was 57.9, 85.4% were female, 51.9% were African-American, and 65.2% were the patient\u2019s spouse/partner. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Limited data describes HF symptom pattern trajectories.How co-occurring symptoms affect quality of life or are affected by personal or situational factors are not well-understood. This study will help to identify factors and symptom phenotypes that may serve as targets for future interventions.OBJECTIVES/GOALS: This work-in-progress aims to: 1) identify and differentiate symptom pattern trajectories in a sample of older adult heart failure (HF) patients over 24 weeks, and 2) examine associations between sociodemographic/clinical/physiological characteristics, dyadic health, and symptom trajectories. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: ENABLE CHF-PC, a palliative care RCT (NCT02505425), was conducted at a Southeastern US medical center. Between 2016-2018, 415 older adult HF patients and 159 family caregivers were randomized to receive a psychoeducational intervention or usual care. Baseline sociodemographic information  were collected. Outcome variables of interest include symptoms (Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Palliative 14, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)) and dyadic health . We have calculated baseline descriptive statistics. Future work includes latent growth mixture modeling to identify distinct symptom trajectories and univariate associations with patient level factors. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Of 415 patient participants, mean age was 64, 53% were male; 55% were African American; 26% were rural dwellers; 46% had"}
{"text": "Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) Carbapenem (Carb) interpretive breakpoint minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in 2012. It often takes several years for commercial test manufacturers and microbiology labs to incorporate revised breakpoints. We compare facility-reported rates of Carb-NS PSA to the 2012 CLSI MIC breakpoints, using a large nationwide database for isolates tested in 2016-2020 at United States (US) facilities.CLSI lowered Table. Imipenem (IPM)/meropenem (MEM)/doripenem (DOR) interpretation  results for PSA.All adults with a positive non-contaminant PSA culture  in ambulatory and inpatient settings from 298 US hospitals from Q1 2016-Q4 2020 were evaluated . Facility-reported Carb-non susceptible (NS) was defined as lab information system feed designations of susceptible (S), intermediate (I) or resistant (R) to imipenem (IPM), meropenem (MEM) and/or doripenem (DOR) per commercial panels. Where available, MICs were interpreted using CLSI 2012 Carb breakpoints (\u00b5g/ml) of \u22642 (S), 4 (I), \u22658 (R) for IPM/MEM/DOR. For evaluable PSA isolates we compared susceptibility results as reported by the facility to those using CLSI MIC breakpoints.Overall, 86.9%  of non-duplicate PSA isolates with facility-reported IPM/MEM/DOR susceptibility interpretations also had interpretable MIC results. S rates were 84.9% and 83.3% as reported by facilities and determined by CLSI criteria, respectively (Table). Facilities under-reported Carb-NS by 9.8%, using CLSI criteria as the standard .Systematic application of CLSI breakpoints in 2016-20 would have had minimal impact on PSA S rates in the US. However, facility reporting failed to identify ~10% of Carb-NS isolates. The clinical implications of this observation are unknown. Facilities should know their local epidemiology, decide if under-reporting might be an issue, and assess if there is any impact on their patients. Vikas Gupta, PharmD, BCPS, Becton, Dickinson and Company  Kalvin Yu, MD, BD (Employee) Jason M Pogue, PharmD, BCPS, BCIDP, Merck (Consultant)QPex (Consultant)Shionogi (Consultant)Utility Therapeutics (Consultant)VenatoRX (Consultant) Janet Weeks, PhD, Becton, Dickinson and Company (Employee) Cornelius J. Clancy, MD, Merck (Grant/Research Support)"}
{"text": "The COVID-19 pandemic had a considerable impact on US healthcare systems, straining hospital resources, staff, and operations. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on incidence and trends of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in a network of hospitals.This was a retrospective review of central-line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), C. difficile infections (CDI), and ventilator-associated events (VAE) in 51 hospitals from 2018 to 2021. Descriptive statistics were reported as mean hospital-level monthly incidence rates (IR) and compared using Poisson regression GEE models with period as the only covariate. Segmented regression (SR) analysis was performed to estimate changes in monthly IR of CAUTIs, CLABSIs and CDI in the baseline period (01/2018 \u2013 02/2020) and the Pandemic period (03/2020 \u2013 03/2021). SR model was not appropriate for VAE based on the plot. All models were constructed using SAS v.9.4 .Compared to the baseline period, CLABSIs increased significantly by 50% from 0.6 to 0.9/ 1000 catheter days (P< 0. 001). In contrast, no significant changes were identified for CAUTI (P=0.87). Similar trends were seen in SR models for CLABSI and CAUTI . While overall CDIs decreased significantly from 3.5 to 2.5/10,000 patient days in the pandemic period (P< 0.001), SR model showed increasing pandemic trend change . VAEs increased > 700% from 6.9 to 59.7/1000 ventilator days (P=0.15), but displayed considerable variation during the pandemic period . Compared to baseline period, there was a significant increase in central line days , ventilator days , but no change in urinary catheter days  during the pandemic period.Figure 1: Segmented Regression model showing baseline and pandemic period trends of CLABSIFigure 2: Segmented Regression model showing baseline and pandemic period trends of CAUTIFigure 3: Segmented Regression model showing baseline and pandemic period trends of C. difficile (HO-CDI) infectionsThe COVID-19 pandemic was associated with substantial increases in CLABSIs and VAEs, no change in CAUTIs, and an increasing trend in CDI incidence. These variations in trends of different HAIs are likely due, in part, to unique characteristics of the underlying infection, resource shortages, staffing concerns, increased device use, changes in testing practices, and the limitations of surveillance definitions. Figure 4: Trend of Ventilator-Associated Events (VAE) in the baseline and pandemic period (Segmented Regression model not appropriate)Sonali D. Advani, MBBS, MPH, Nothing to disclose David J. Weber, MD, MPH, Merck  Involved: Self): Consultant; PDI  Involved: Self): Consultant; Pfizer  Involved: Self): Consultant; Sanofi  Involved: Self): Consultant; UVinnovators  Involved: Self): Consultant"}
{"text": "Although hospice care benefits seriously ill patients and their families, growing evidence suggests anxiety, depression, and altered quality of life are prevalent among family hospice caregivers. It is unknown if Black and white family hospice caregivers experience differences in mental health, quality of life, caregiver burden, or quality of hospice communication. In this secondary analysis of baseline data collected from 717 family hospice caregivers in two randomized clinical trials, we compared anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), quality of life (CQLI-R), caregiver burden (Zarit), and caregiver-reported quality of hospice team communication (CCCQ) between Black and white caregivers. Black and white caregivers differed demographically across multiple variables. In bivariate analysis, we found no differences in depression (P=0.3536), anxiety (P=0.0733), caregiver burden (P=0.6680), and perceptions of caregiver-centered hospice communication (P=0.4549). White caregivers reported lower quality of life than Blacks (P=0.0386), specifically in emotional (P=0.0321) and social (P=0.0002) domains. Financial and physical quality of life did not differ. In multivariate regression analyses controlling for caregiver and patient factors, we found no racial differences in depression (P= 0.5071), anxiety (P = 0.7288), quality of life (P=0.0584), caregiver burden (P=0.9465), or hospice communication (P=0.8779). Variables explained 7.7% to 20% of variability in outcomes, suggesting research is needed to understand which other factors contribute to hospice caregiver coping and communication experiences. Results suggest Black and white informal hospice caregivers experience similar levels of anxiety, depression, burden, and perceptions of hospice team communication quality. Interventions to support hospice caregivers across racial groups are needed."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Guglielmini C, Baron Toaldo M, Chiesa A, Contiero B, Berlanda M, Poser H (2020) Effect of temperature variation on hospital admissions and outcomes in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease and new onset pulmonary edema. PLoS ONE 15(1): e0227807."}
{"text": "Procalcitonin (PCT) and serum lactate (L) are measures of bacterial infection and tissue hypoxia, respectively, but also used to discern sepsis from infection negative systemic inflammation (INSI). However, improved tools are needed to enhance this differentiation. A previously validated gene signature assay (SeptiCyte RAPID) and its correlated score (SeptiScore (SS)) has been reported to effectively differentiate sepsis from INSI.To compare early L, PCT and SS results  in differentiating sepsis from INSI in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients (Pt).\u2265 2 signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome; (ii) Therapeutic antibiotic administration; (iii) external 3-physician clinical review classifying each Pt as sepsis or INSI with \u2265 2 reviewer agreement; (iv) L, PCT & SS values within 24 hrs of ICU admission; (v) Statistical Analysis; (iv) Area under the receiving operator curve (AUROC), 95% confidence intervals (CI) via generalized linear models for: (i) Each parameter alone ; (ii) Combinations ; (iii) AUROC discriminated Sepsis from INSI model: (a) < 0.7 Sub-Optimal; (b) 0.7-0.8 Good; (c) > 0.8 Excellent. Comparisons conducted via paired t-test.Data from a previously reported, prospective study (8 sites). Inclusion criteria: (i) ICU admission with 222 pts, sepsis=113; INSI=109 Similar demographics between groups (NS). Mean age (SD) = 57.9 (17.1) yrs; 58.1% male). Overall mechanically ventilated 60.8% and hospital mortality 17.1%. AUCROC (95% CI) in Table and Figure; AUCROC of L, PCT or SS alone or in combinationL, PCT, SS Comparison of Sepsis vs INSIL is sub-optimal in discriminating sepsis from INSI. PCT with or without L was acceptable but not as robust as SS. SS alone or in any combination provided superior and significant discrimination between sepsis and INSI. Incorporation of SS into the clinical assessment process for suspected sepsis pts should be evaluated to determine the impact on early detection and Pt management.Erkan Hassan, Pharm.D., FCCM, Immunexpress (Consultant) Roy Davis, M.D>, Immunexpress (Consultant)Immunexpress  Dayle Sampson, Ph.D., Immunexpress"}
{"text": "Maximum intensity projection images (MIP) of PET (D) demonstrate its superior resolution compared with SPECT (H). Furthermore, two separate lymph vessels can be identified on PET/CT lymphoscintigraphy (D), which are not visualized on SPECT/CT (H). Also note that the activity in a SLN in level Ib on the right site is better visible on axial (A), sagittal (B), and coronal (C) PET/CT lymphoscintigraphic images compared with corresponding SPECT/CT reconstructions . Surgically, five SLNs were localized and harvested , using a conventional gammaprobe. Histopathological assessment showed metastasis in one SLN located in level IIa. Complementary neck dissection of level I-IV showed no additional lymphatic metastasis  procedure is routinely performed for nodal staging in several malignancies, including early-stage oral cancer. In oral cancer, the SLN imaging procedure usually consists of peritumoral injections with a [SPECT/CT , 2. A frSPECT/CT , 4. PET/SPECT/CT . Here, w"}
{"text": "Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 18% of reproductive-age females. The prevalence of obesity in PCOS patients reaches up to 80%, which is 2-fold higher than the general population.The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 55 pharmacological interventions across 17 different outcomes in overweight/obese PCOS patients with hyperandrogenism manifestations for both short- and long-term follow-ups. A comprehensive literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials comparing any conventional pharmacological intervention as a monotherapy or a combination in overweight/obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome and hyperandrogenism manifestations. Extracted data included three main parameters; I. Anthropometric parameters , II. Hormonal parameters , and III. Metabolic parameters . Critical appraisal and risk of bias assessments were performed using the modified Jadad scale, and the overall quality of this network meta-analysis was evaluated according to the CINeMA framework. We performed both a pairwise meta-analysis and a network meta-analysis to evaluate the effect sizes with 95% CI, and we calculated the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) for each intervention.th 2021 retrieved 23,305 unique citations from searching six electronic databases. Eventually, 101 RCTs of 108 reports with a total of 8,765 patients were included in our systematic review and multi-treatments meta-analysis. 55 different interventions were included: 22 monotherapies, and 33 combinations. The two-dimensional cluster ranking of the average SUCRA values for metabolic and hormonal parameters with significant estimates revealed flutamide  as the highest and rosiglitazone  as the lowest, in terms of the overall efficacy in reducing weight and hyperandrogenism. However, cyproterone-acetate+ethinylestradiol exhibited a higher ranking in improving hormonal parameters (71.1%), but even a lower-ranking regarding metabolic parameters (34.5%).Our final search on May 15Current evidence demonstrated the superiority of flutamide in improving both metabolic and hormonal parameters, and the higher efficacy of cyproterone-acetate+ethinylestradiol only in improving hormonal parameters. Nearly all interventions were comparable in female hormones, FGS, HDL, glucose, and insulin levels improvements. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinal disorder affecting up to 18% of young females . While pThe pathophysiology of PCOS is still unclear, but evidence suggests a mixture of environmental factors and genetic susceptibility . One of Pharmacological interventions mainly involve: oral contraceptives, antiandrogens, oral hypoglycemics, insulin sensitizers, ovulation induction agents, and conventional obesity treatments . The recStill, long-term use of these agents increases the risk of venous thrombosis and disrupts the metabolic parameters . HypotheGiven that the symptoms upon diagnosis are usually confined to irregular menstruation or infertility, physicians may disregard the possible long-term metabolic and anthropometric disturbances . SubsequAccordingly, we performed this network meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of 55 pharmacological interventions across 17 different clinical and biochemical outcomes in overweight PCOS patients for both short- and long-term follow-ups.We followed the PRISMA statement guidelines \u2014PRISMA  during tth 2021 and May 15th 2021 covering all selected databases  OR (polycystic ovary syndrome[Title/Abstract])) OR (PCOS[Title/Abstract])) OR ) OR ) OR (anovulation[MeSH Terms])) OR (anovulation[Title/Abstract])) OR (amenorrhea[MeSH Terms])) OR (amenorrhea[Title/Abstract])) OR (ovarian dysfunction[Title/Abstract])) OR (ovarian failure[Title/Abstract])) OR (Oligo-amenorrhea[Title/Abstract]))) AND (metformin[Title/Abstract])) OR (metformin[MeSH Terms])) OR (liraglutide[Title/Abstract])) OR (orlistat[Title/Abstract])) OR (orlistat[MeSH Terms])) OR (inositol[MeSH Terms])) OR (inositol[Title/Abstract])) OR ) OR ) OR (Ethinyl estradiol[MeSH Terms])) OR (Ethinyl estradiol[Title/Abstract])) OR (ethinylestradiol[MeSH Terms])) OR (ethinylestradiol[Title/Abstract])) OR (diane[Title/Abstract])) OR (cyproterone[MeSH Terms])) OR (cyproterone[Title/Abstract])) OR ) OR ) OR (OCP[Title/Abstract])) OR (CC[Title/Abstract])) OR (marvelon[MeSH Terms])) OR (marvelon[Title/Abstract])) OR (desogestrel[MeSH Terms])) OR (desogestrel[Title/Abstract])) OR (yasmin[Title/Abstract])) OR (drospirenone[Title/Abstract])) OR (letrozole[MeSH Terms])) OR (letrozole[Title/Abstract])) OR (FSH[Title/Abstract])) OR (hMG[Title/Abstract])) OR (menotropin[MeSH Terms])) OR (menotropin[Title/Abstract])) OR (pioglitazone[MeSH Terms])) OR (pioglitazone[Title/Abstract])) OR (rosiglitazone[MeSH Terms])) OR (rosiglitazone[Title/Abstract])) OR (troglitazone[MeSH Terms])) OR (troglitazone[Title/Abstract])) OR (litraglutide[Title/Abstract])) OR (flutamide[MeSH Terms])) OR (flutamide[Title/Abstract])) OR (clomiphene[MeSH Terms])) OR (clomiphene[Title/Abstract])) OR (clomifene[Title/Abstract])) OR (clomifene[MeSH Terms])) OR (chlormadinone[MeSH Terms])) OR (chlormadinone[Title/Abstract])) OR (gonadotropin[Title/Abstract])) OR (gonadotropin[MeSH Terms])) OR (simvastatin[MeSH Terms])) OR (simvastatin[Title/Abstract])) OR (atorvastatin[Title/Abstract])) OR (atorvastatin[MeSH Terms])) OR (acarbose[MeSH Terms])) OR (acarbose[Title/Abstract])) OR ) OR (anastrozole[MeSH Terms])) OR (anastrozole[Title/Abstract])) OR (clomiphene citrate[Title/Abstract])) OR (clomiphene citrate[MeSH Terms])) OR (exenatide[MeSH Terms])) OR (exenatide[Title/Abstract])) OR (folic acid[Title/Abstract])) OR (folic acid[MeSH Terms])) OR (pure follicle-stimulating hormone[MeSH Terms])) OR (pure follicle-stimulating hormone[Title/Abstract])) OR ) OR ) OR (letrozole[MeSH Terms])) OR (letrozole[Title/Abstract])) OR (liraglutide[Title/Abstract])) OR (medroxyprogesterone acetate[MeSH Terms])) OR (medroxyprogesterone acetate[Title/Abstract])) OR (N-acetyl cysteine[Title/Abstract])) OR (N-acetyl cysteine[MeSH Terms])) OR (pioglitazone[MeSH Terms])) OR (pioglitazone[Title/Abstract])) OR (rosiglitazone[Title/Abstract])) OR (rosiglitazone[MeSH Terms])) OR (sibutramine[Title/Abstract])) from inception till 28 August 2020 and search update was conducted on March 28atabases . All pubWe included all studies satisfying the following criteria:2) with polycystic ovary syndrome defined by Rotterdam, NIH, or Androgen Excess Society criteria for PCOs with a mutual presentation of obesity and hyperandrogenism across criteria;  Intervention and Comparison: any conventional pharmacological intervention; (4) Outcomes: Extracted data included three main parameters; I. Anthropometric parameters , II. Hormonal parameters , and III. Metabolic parameters , and (5) Study design: blinded randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We excluded the following: 1) non-randomized trials, 2) open-label and cross-over studies 3) surgical, herbal, and supplemental interventions, and 4) studies whose data were unreliable for extraction and analysis including post hoc analyses and preliminary reports. Duplicates were removed and retrieved references were screened in two steps: the first step was to screen titles/abstracts for matching our inclusion criteria and the second step was to screen the full-text articles of eligible abstracts for eligibility to meta-analysis. Given the challenges in this unique design of the network-meta analysis, we included comparable RCTs in their methodology and quality to guarantee the assumption of transitivity and the lowest possible heterogeneity. We analyzed only well-designed blinded RCTs that applied globally recognized diagnostic criteria for PCOS. Regarding the BMI, we considered both the mean and the standard deviation (SD) in determining the eligibility of the studies\u2019 population. For instance, studies that had an average BMI above 25 but had a standard deviation that crosses the 25-mean into a lower value for some patients were excluded. Also, we separated studies with short-term follow-ups from those with long-term follow-ups in the statistical combinations. Eventually, each included intervention was administered as primary therapy in its original study. So, a critical distinction has to be made between a tertiary/off-label use of a drug and the primary use of the same drug.Population: overweight/obese patients , so it would not be fair to compare these agents to each other regarding the same outcome. With that in mind, we had two prospects when planning for this study. Firstly, we could have focused the study on the used interventions a particular PCOS phenotype  only. Even though this option would have been much simpler to handle, the work would have contributed more to widening the current knowledge gap. Given that PCOS has a progressive nature, it does not restrain itself to the presented phenotype, let alone that the borders that should determine different managements between various phenotypes are inevitably interleaving -implying a dire need for a much comprehensive investigation. Alternatively, we selected 17 measurable parameters that are mutual between various phenotypes and grouped them into anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal parameters. Following, we examined the effect of each intervention on each parameter of these 17 parameters . That is how even when intervention X has primary use for the first five parameters (with a secondary or tertiary effect on the rest) and intervention Y has primary use for the last five parameters (with secondary or tertiary effect on the rest), we can still draw an overall performance across parameters between the two interventions in an objective manner. Eventually, the data of this extensive analysis would help in drawing step-wise management for different phenotypes based on the best performing intervention across the prioritized parameters of that phenotype . This algorithm will further promote the clinical practice to be more data-driven instead of theory-driven regarding PCOS management.Eight independent authors extracted the relevant data from the included studies, four authors  performed the literature search and validation, then, another four authors  re-performed the search and validation. Disagreements were resolved through discussion and consensus among the reviewers. The screening and de-duplication were conducted through Endnote X7 and Microsoft Excel 2016. The extracted data included the following:Baseline characteristics Study outcomes: I. Anthropometric parameters, II. Hormonal, and III. Metabolic parameters -as previously defined.Critical appraisal and risk of bias assessments of the included RCTs were performed using the modified Jadad scale from Oxford University . This eiStatistical analyses were performed using Stata 16.0 software. First, we conducted a pair-wise meta-analysis employing the IVhet random-effects model. All reported units were converted to standard SI units. All data were continuous (means and standard deviations \"SD\") and were pooled as weighted mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals. Missing SD was calculated from the standard error or 95% CI or range according to Wan et al.  or obtaiSecond, a network meta-analysis was performed with a frequentist framework to compare different interventions that have no direct comparisons. We applied the node-splitting and loop-specific approaches to verify inconsistencies across the network, where a p<0.05 indicated a significant inconsistency. When no significant inconsistency was detected, we employed a consistency model; otherwise, an inconsistency model was adopted. We also utilized a global inconsistency test based on a random-effects design-by-treatment interaction model. Additionally, the surface under the curve ranking area (SUCRA) was calculated to rank different interventions for each outcome. Further, a meta-regression was conducted to examine the relationship between anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic parameters.Our updated search retrieved 23,305 unique citations from searching electronic databases. Following title and abstract screening, 408 full-text articles were retrieved and screened for eligibility. Of them, 307 articles were excluded, and 101 RCTs , 111\u201312055 different interventions were included: 22 monotherapies, and 33 combinations. The monotherapies included acarbose (ACR), alfacalcidol (ALF), anastrozole (ANZ), clomiphene citrate (CC), exenatide (EXN), folic acid (FA), flutamide (FLT) pure follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), human menopausal gonadotropins (HMG), inositol (INS), letrozole (LET), liraglutide (LIR), metformin (MET), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), orlistat (ORL), pioglitazone (PGZ), placebo (PLC), rosiglitazone (RGZ), sibutramine (SBT), simvastatin (SMV), and troglitazone (TGZ).The combinations included acarbose+clomiphene citrate (ACR+CC), alfacalcidiol+metformin (ALF+MET), atorvastatin+metformin (ATR+MET), bromocriptine+clomiphene citrate (BRM+CC), bromocriptine+metformin (BRM+MET), clomiphene citrate+dexamethasone (CC+DEX), clomiphene citrate+ketoconazole (CC+KTZ), clomiphene citrate+l-carnitine (CC+LC), clomiphene citrate+l-carnitine+metformin (CC+LC+MET), clomiphene citrate+metformin (CC+MET), clomiphene citrate+N-acetylcysteine (CC+NAC), clomiphene citrate+rosiglitazone (CC+RGZ), chlormadinone acetate+ethinylestradiol (CHA+EE), cyproterone acetate+ethinylestradiol (CPA+EE), cyproterone acetate+ethinylestradiol+metformin (CPA+EE+MET), cyproterone acetate+ethinylestradiol+metformin+orlistat (CPA+EE+MET+ORL), cyproterone acetate+ethinylestradiol+orlistat (CPA+EE+ORL), cyproterone acetate+ethinylestradiol+spironolactone (CPA+EE+SPR), dexamethasone+metformin (DEX+MET), desogestrel+ethinylestradiol (DGT+EE), drospirenone+ethinylestradiol (DPN+EE), drospirenone+ethinylestradiol+metformin (DPN+EE+MET), ethinylestradiol+flutamide+levonorgestrel (EE+FLT+LVT), ethinylestradiol+gestodene (EE+GTN), ethinylestradiol+metformin+norgestimate (EE+MET+NRG), ethinylestradiol+norgestimate (EE+NRG), folic acid+inositol (FA+INS), flutamide+metformin (FLT+MET), human menopausal gonadotropins+ leuprolide (HMG+LPR), inositol+monacolin k (INS+MNK), letrozole+metformin (LET+MET), metformin+rosuvastatin (MET+RSV), and metformin+simvastatin (MET+SMV).A network map was formed to visually display the size of studies involved in each direct comparison for each outcome , and a sAll of the included studies were randomized, blinded, and were treated as an intention to treat (ITT) analysis; thus, exhibiting a low risk of bias. The funnel plot was visually symmetrical , indicatWe performed a pairwise meta-analysis for RCTs that compared the same interventions employing the random-effects IVhet model. The results of these analyses are displayed in For BMI, only the following comparisons revealed significance: CPA+EE+MET+ORL# vs. CPA+EE# , CPA+EE+MET+ORL# vs. CPA+EE+ORL# , FLT vs. MET , FLT vs. PLC , and FLT+MET vs. PLC . Pooled analysis was homogenous .(mIU/ml), only the following comparisons revealed significance: MET vs. PLC . LIR was inferior to PLC in reducing LH levels . Pooled analysis was moderately heterogeneous , and heterogeneity did not resolve after further sensitivity analysis.For LH (nmol/L), only the following comparisons revealed significance: CPA+EE vs. MET , CPA+EE vs. RGZ , D(ng/dl), only the following comparisons revealed significance: CPA+EE vs. MET , DGT+EE vs. MET , DGT+EE vs. PLC , and CC+DEX# vs. PLC . Pooled analysis was homogenous .For Total Testosterone (\u03bcg/dl), only the following comparisons revealed significance: FLT vs. MET , FLT vs. PLC , INS# vs. PLC , and MET+RSV# vs. MET# . Pooled analysis was homogenous .For DHEAS (mg/dl), only the following comparisons revealed significance: MET+SMV# vs. MET# . Pooled analysis was homogenous .For Total Cholesterol (mg/dl), only the following comparisons revealed significance: INS+MNK vs. INS , INS+MNK vs. MET , MET vs. DGT+EE , MET# vs. PLC , MET+SMV# vs. MET# , and ORL# vs. PLC . Pooled analysis was moderately heterogeneous , and heterogeneity did not resolve after further sensitivity analysis.For LDL (mg/dl), only the following comparisons revealed significance: FLT vs. MET , FLT vs. PLC , and MET+RSV# vs. MET# . DPN+EE was inferior to RGZ in reducing Triglycerides levels . Pooled analysis was homogenous .For Triglycerides (mg/dl), only the following comparisons revealed significance: MET# vs. PLC , and MET# vs. ORL# . Pooled analysis was homogenous .For Fasting Glucose (pmol/L), only the following comparisons revealed significance: CC+MET vs. CC , and MET vs. CC . CPA+EE and DPN+EE were inferior to RGZ in reducing Fasting Insulin levels  and ; respectively. Pooled analysis was moderately heterogeneous , and heterogeneity did not resolve after further sensitivity analysis.For Fasting Insulin For HOMA-IR, only the following comparisons revealed significance: ALF vs. ALF+MET , CC+MET vs. CC , CPA+EE+MET# vs. CPA+EE# , DGT+EE vs. CPA+EE , DGT+EE vs. DPN+EE , MET vs. ALF+MET , MET vs. CC , MET vs. CPA+EE , PGZ vs. PLC , and RGZ vs. CPA+EE . Pooled analysis was moderately heterogeneous , and heterogeneity did not resolve after further sensitivity analysis.Additionally, we performed a frequentist network meta-analysis. Following the results of node-splitting analyses, we adopted the consistency model. The estimated value of between-study variance in the network ranged from 2.2 to 309.7. Among indirect comparisons, significant inconsistencies were identified in the closed-loop of MET#-ORL#-PLC and DGT+EE-DPN+EE-MET-RGZ . FurtherResults of each direct and indirect comparison in the network meta-analysis are detailed extensively in The ranking probabilities of the highest and lowest intervention for each outcome are available in We further employed multiple regression models to assess the interaction between anthropometric, metabolic, and hormonal parameters with significant estimates. The results of these meta-regressions are available in In contrast, LDL and Triglyceride levels showed no significant associations with Total Testosterone  or DHEAS levels . However, changes in LDL and Triglyceride levels were significantly associated with changes in SHBG  and ; respectively. The inversed regression for the effect of LDL and Triglycerides on SHBG was not significant . Likewise, no significant associations were detected between HOMA-IR and either SHBG (P = 0.9) or Total Testosterone (P = 0.95) or DHEAS (P = 0.97).In the present systematic review and network meta-analysis: 55 interventions were evaluated for efficacy in reducing weight and hyperandrogenism through 7,858 comparisons across 17 outcomes. The included interventions can be categorized pharmacologically into ten categories: Oral contraceptives, Gonadotropins modulators, Estrogen modulators, Aromatase inhibitors, Catecholamines modulators, Antiandrogens, Antidiabetics, Cholesterol modulators, Antioxidants, and Anti-inflammatories. After a long chain of analyses, the competition settled between Antiandrogens, Oral contraceptives, Anti-diabetics, Cholesterol modulators, and combinations in-between categories.Flutamide, an antiandrogen, proved efficacy in improving anthropometric, androgenic, and lipid parameters. Cyproterone acetate+ethinylestradiol, an antiandrogen with an oral contraceptive, demonstrated the highest efficacy in improving androgenic parameters. However, it did not exhibit any superiority in the remaining parameters. Inositol+monacolin K, an antidiabetic and a cholesterol modulator, displayed efficacy in improving androgenic and lipid parameters. Likewise, metformin+simvastatin/rosuvastatin and orlistat, an antidiabetic and cholesterol modulators, significantly improved lipid parameters. Nonetheless, these improvements were only observable in the short term follow-up.Ideally, all interventions were comparable in female hormones, FGS, HDL, glucose, and insulin levels improvements. As an exception, liraglutide, an antidiabetic, showed a significantly lower efficacy in reducing LH levels. Clomiphene citrate, an estrogen modulator, was the least effective agent in improving insulin levels. Eventually, pioglitazone, an antidiabetic, demonstrated efficacy in reducing HOMA-IR.Meanwhile, results of meta-regression revealed no significant associations between changes in hormonal and metabolic parameters. Even those few significant associations had a very small R-squared. This finding indicates that a drug\u2019s action on hormonal parameters does not necessarily modify metabolic parameters and vice versa. Also, this finding is counter-intuitive to previous studies that attributed PCOS progression to lipid metabolism disturbance , 138. ThOn the other hand, meta-regression revealed a significant effect of hormonal parameters on anthropometric parameters. This finding could explain why traditional obesity interventions show limited efficacy and limited duration in obese PCOS patients , 140. FuGiven the high prevalence of obesity among PCOS patients, effective treatments that improve both obesity and reproductive functions are urgently needed , 142. EvFlutamide works by inhibiting androgen uptake or nuclear binding in the target tissues . HoweverThe mainstream literature approaches PCOS either as a mere metabolic disturbance or a fertility challenge \u2013150. FurIn our systematic review and network meta-analysis: we assessed multi-dimensional outcomes, developed strict inclusion criteria, separated short-term from long term comparisons, and analyzed only well-designed RCTs in the past 30 years. Our findings settle a group of assumptions and advocate a reliable reference for future clinical decisions and guidelines. To the best of our knowledge: this is the first meta-analysis to investigate this size of outcomes with this number of interventions in the management of PCOS. The findings for various treatments involved were consistent for all measured outcomes, and the evidence presented was highly rated.Even so, some limitations can be identified in our work: most RCTs had relatively small sample sizes; thus, the wide 95% CI of most comparisons indicates insufficient power. Also, we restricted the average BMI to over 25; hence, the implications can only apply to overweight/obese PCOS patients. The modifications in the clinical definitions and diagnostic criteria of PCOS may contribute to the clinical heterogeneity.Overall, the current evidence demonstrated the superiority of flutamide in improving both metabolic and hormonal parameters. And the higher efficacy of cyproterone acetate+ethinylestradiol only in improving hormonal parameters. Nearly all interventions were comparable in female hormones, FGS, HDL, glucose, and insulin levels improvements. Even though inositol+monacolin K, metformin+simvastatin/rosuvastatin, and orlistat ranked higher in improving lipid parameters, their efficacy lasted only for short-term follow-ups. Liraglutide exhibited the lowest efficacy in reducing LH levels, and clomiphene citrate was the least effective agent in improving insulin levels. Pioglitazone demonstrated the highest efficacy in reducing HOMA-IR on the long-term follow-up. In the management of PCOS: a drug\u2019s action on hormonal parameters does not necessarily modify metabolic parameters and vice versa. Obesity in PCOS is a unique case of obesity that should not be merely addressed by traditional weight-loss interventions. Prospective large-scale clinical trials are crucially required to study the appropriate dosage of flutamide and to assess the efficacy of combined flutamide+cyproterone acetate+ethinylestradiol.S1 File(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S2 File(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S3 File(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S4 File(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S5 File(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S6 File(DOCX)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Vascular reactivity (VR), defined as blood vessels\u2019 capability to actively modify the diameter and flow resistances can be non-invasively assessed analyzing vascular response to forearm occlusion. Several VR indexes can be quantified: (i) \u00b4microvascular\u00b4, which consider variables that depend almost exclusively on changes in distal resistances, (ii)\u00b4 macrovascular\u00b4, that evaluate the changes in brachial artery (BA) diameter, adjusting for blood flow stimulus, and (iii) \u00b4macro/micro\u00b4, whose values depend on the micro and macrovascular response without discriminating each one\u00b4s contribution. VR indexes could not be associated. Many VR indexes have been used without availability of adequate normative data . Aims: (1) to evaluate macro, macro/micro and micro VR indexes obtained in a cohort of healthy children, adolescents and adults, (2) to evaluate the association between VR indexes, (3) to determine the need for age and/or sex-specific RIs, and (4) to define RIs for VR indexes. Methods: Ultrasound (B-mode/Doppler) and automatic computerized analysis were used to assess BA diameter, blood flow velocity and distal resistances, at rest and in conditions of decreased and increased blood flow. Macro, macro/micro and micro VR indexes were quantified (n = 3619). RIs-subgroups were defined according to European Reference Values for Arterial Measurements Collaboration Group  and HUNT3-Fitness Study Group  criteria. Mean value and standard deviation equations were obtained for VR indexes. The need for age or sex-specific RIs was analyzed. Percentile curves were defined and data were compared with those obtained in other populations. Conclusion: Macro and macro/micro VR indexes showed no association (or it was very weak) with microvascular indexes. Age- and sex-related profiles and RIs for macro, macro/micro and micro VR indexes were defined in a large population of healthy subjects (3\u201385 y). Equations for mean, standard deviation and percentiles values (year-to-year) were included in text and spreadsheet formats. Vascular reactivity (VR) defined as blood vessels\u2019 capability to actively modify the diameter and resistance in response to a stimulus  can be non-invasively assessed following post-ischemic vascular response to forearm occlusion \u20135. SchemVR assessment has been considered useful in early detection of cardiovascular (CV) disease and risk stratification, which accounts for the interest in VR evaluation in clinical practice ,9\u201312. HoThis work\u2019s aims were: (1) to evaluate macro, macro/micro and micro VR indexes obtained in a cohort of healthy children, adolescents and adults from South America, (2) to evaluate the association between indexes used to assess VR, (3) to determine the need for age and/or sex-specific RIs (normative data), and (4) to define RIs for the different VR indexes.The study was carried out in the context of the Centro Universitario de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Diagn\u00f3stico Arterial (CUiiDARTE) project \u201327, a poA clinical interview, together with the anthropometric evaluation enabled us to assess CRFs exposure. A family history of CVD was defined by the presence of first-degree  and/or second-degree (for subjects \u226418 y) relatives with early  CVD. Body weight (BW) and height (BH) were measured with the participant wearing light clothing and no shoes. Standing BH was measured using a portable stadiometer and recorded to the nearest 0.1 cm. BW was measured with an electronic scale  and recorded to the nearest 0.1 kg. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as BW-to-squared BH ratio. In children and adolescents z-scores for the BMI were calculated using the World Health Organization software .Participants were asked to avoid exercise, tobacco, alcohol, caffeine and food-intake four hours before the evaluation. All haemodynamic measurements were performed in a temperature-controlled environment (21\u201323\u02daC), with the subject in supine position and after resting for at least 10\u201315 minutes, which enabled reaching steady hemodynamic conditions. Using a validated oscillometric device , heart rate (HR), and brachial systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) levels (bSBP and bDBP) were recorded in supine position simultaneously and/or immediately before or after each VR recording. Then, brachial pulse pressure  and mean BP  were obtained.CV evaluation in CUiiDARTE project includes assessing: (i) peripheral  and central  BP levels; central  pulse wave analysis and wave separation analysis-derived parameters , (ii) carotid, femoral and BA diameter waveforms and intima-media thickness, (iii) VR indexes, (iv) carotid, femoral and BA Doppler-derived blood velocity profiles and indexes , (v) ankle-brachial index, (vi) screening for carotid and femoral atherosclerotic plaques, (vii) carotid, femoral and BA local stiffness , (viii) hemodynamic evaluation  using BA pulse contour analysis and/or impedance cardiography, and (ix) regional stiffness . In this work, the analysis was focused on VR data ,23.Left and right common, internal and external carotid arteries, vertebral arteries and common femoral arteries were examined  ,27. TranVascular reactivity was evaluated by means of standardized methods ,5,12 Fi.Left shoulder and arm were positioned on a support, ensuring comfort and stability, thus avoiding muscle tension development and subsequent movement. In turn, forearm and wrist were placed on a support to minimize motion and artifacts in the records (e.g. due to cuff inflation). Then, BA was interrogated in longitudinal plane . To ensure adequate records the transducer was fixed using a stereotactic probe holder ,3. DopplRecorded videos were stored for blinded off-line analysis. Automatic wall-detection and Doppler velocity tracing software  were used ,28. OnceThe beginning and end of the arterial occlusion were identified on the flow velocity signal. That made it easier to assess the vascular parameters in the different conditions : (i) peak systolic, mean and end-diastolic diameter , (ii) peak systolic , mean and end-diastolic flow velocity , and (iii) resistive index (RI), a measure of pulsate flow that reflects the resistance associated with distal microvessels . RI was 2) and a parabolic velocity profile, wall shear stress (WSS) can be obtained as a function of local centre-stream velocity  and diameter   and relative \u262f %] terms), can be quantified as :\u0394DDPea\u2212DDBasalDDRatiectively . FMD% waectively \u201333:FMDDifferent FMD% temporal-patterns, have been described, which show differences in the kinetics of the dilatory response ,34\u201336. TDifferent ways to include the stimulus in the analysis have been proposed. The way to determine the stimulus more accurately is still discussed . Some ofFMD% was also normalized by WSS levels ,7,37:FPrre-release is the BA diameter at the end of vascular occlussion (pre-release)  estimated from the regression for the mean FMD% curve, and likewise from the SD curve. Continuing the example, FPs with powers Fig 12], in vivo physiological conditions .per se, but by sex-related differences in arterial sensitivity to CRFs and/or by the age of the studied subjects. On the other hand, it should be noted that sex-related differences were in many cases defined on the basis of statistical results , disregard of the true \u00b4effect size\u00b4. Additionally, in some cases the definition and/or analysis of sex-related differences was done without taking into account cofactors   reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S11. DD Ratio Peak_Basal [%] reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S12. FMD% [%] reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S13. TPD FMD% [seconds] reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S14. \u0394DD Peak-Basal/\u0394VPeak-Basal [mm/cm/s] reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S15. FMD/\u0394VPeak_Basal [1/cm/s] reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S16. pFMDv reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S17. FMD% WSS reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S18. \u0394DPrerelease_Basal [mm] reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S19. DD Ratio Prerelease_Basal [%] reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S20. L-FMC% [%] reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S21. \u0394DDPrerelease_Basal/\u0394EDVPrelease_Basal reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S22. L-FMC/\u0394VPrerelease_Basal [1/cm/s] reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S23. pL-FMCv reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S24. L-FMC%/WSS reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S25. TVR [%] reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S26. TVR [%] reference intervals: Female (European criteria). Table S27. TVR [%] reference intervals: Male (European criteria). Table S28. \u0394VPeak_Basal [cm/s] reference intervals: Male (European criteria). Table S29. \u0394WSSPeak_Basal [dyn/cm2] reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S30. \u0394WSSPeak_Basal [dyn/cm2] reference intervals: Female (European criteria). Table S31. \u0394WSSPeak_Basal [dyn/cm2] reference intervals: Male (European criteria). Table S32. \u0394RIPeak_Basal reference intervals: All (European criteria). Table S33. \u0394RIPeak_Basal reference intervals: Female (European criteria). Table S34. \u0394RIPeak_Basal reference intervals: Male (European criteria). Table S35. \u0394RI%Peak_Basal [%] reference intervals: Male (European criteria). Table S36. \u0394DD Peak_Basal [mm] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S37. DD Ratio Peak_Basal [%] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S38. FMD% [%] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S39. TPD FMD% [seconds] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S40. \u0394DD Peak-Basal/\u0394VPeak-Basal [mm/cm/s] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S41. FMD/\u0394VPeak_Basal [1/cm/s] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S42. pFMDv reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S43. FMD%WSS reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S44. \u0394DPrerelease_Basal [mm] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S45. DD Ratio Prerelease_Basal [%] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S46. L-FMC% [%] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S47. \u0394DDPrerelease_Basal/\u0394EDVPrelease_Basal reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S48. L-FMC/\u0394VPrerelease_Basal [1/cm/s] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S49. pL-FMCv reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S50. L-FMC%/WSS reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S51. TVR [%] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S52. TVR [%] reference intervals: Female (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S53. TVR [%] reference intervals: Male (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S54. \u0394VPeak_Basal [cm/s] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S55. \u0394WSSPeak_Basal [dyn/cm2] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S56. \u0394WSSPeak_Basal [dyn/cm2] reference intervals: Female (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S57. \u0394WSSPeak_Basal [dyn/cm2] reference intervals: Male (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S58. \u0394RIPeak_Basal reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S59. \u0394RIPeak_Basal reference intervals: Female (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S60. \u0394RIPeak_Basal reference intervals: Male (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S61. \u0394RI%Peak_Basal [%] reference intervals: All (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S62. \u0394RI%Peak_Basal [%] reference intervals: Female. (HUNT-FIT criteria). Table S63. \u0394RI%Peak_Basal [%] reference intervals: Male (HUNT-FIT criteria).(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S2 FileFigure S1. Age-related profiles for vascular reactivity indexes: \u00b4European criteria. Figure S2. Age-related profiles for vascular reactivity indexes: \u00b4HUNT.FIT criteria.(DOCX)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Correction to: BMC Medical Education 20, 464 (2020)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-020-02377-xFunding section. The corrected text should read as follows:Following publication of the original article , the autFundingThis study was supported by National Medical Research Council (NMRC) Health Services Research Grant (NMRC/HSRG/0093/2018)."}
{"text": "The author and Publisher would like to correct the following references:Reference 9 should be listed as:Zisman-Ilani, Y, Lysaker, P., Hasson-Ohayon, I. Shared Risk Taking: Shared Decision Making in Serious Mental Illness. Psychiatr Serv 2021; 72(4): 461\u2013463.The Publisher apologises for this error."}
{"text": "The list of materials covered in this Section includes: protective nanocomposite coatings; self-healing nanocomposites; shape memory and shape switching nanocomposite layers; piezoelectric, magnetocaloric, magnetoelectric, or halochromic nanocomposites; metamaterials; multifunctional core-shell nanoparticles ; organic"}
{"text": "We reported the S. aureus (n=315) and CoNS (n=100) clinical isolates expressing various resistance phenotypes. The isolates were collected in 2002-2019 from medical centers located in the United States , Europe , Asia-Pacific region , and Latin America . These isolates originated mostly from the year 2019 (n=323).The isolates were susceptibility tested by the CLSI broth microdilution method. MIC interpretations were based on CLSI and EUCAST criteria where available.LSVT-1701 and comparators were tested against 415 S. aureus and CoNS isolates with MIC90 values of 2 mg/L for all S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and CoNS (Table). The highest LSVT-1701 MIC values were 4 and 8 mg/L among S. aureus and CoNS, respectively. LSVT-1701 retained potent activity against S. aureus isolates showing resistance or decreased susceptibility to oxacillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, telavancin, linezolid, daptomycin, ceftaroline, or lefamulin; MIC50 values ranged from 0.5 to 1 mg/L and MIC90 values ranged from 1 to 4 mg/L among S. aureus resistant subsets.LSVT-1701 was highly active against Summary of LSVT-1701 activity against S. aureus, CoNS and resistant subsetsin vitro activity against contemporary clinical isolates of S. aureus and CoNS collected from medical centers worldwide and against resistant S. aureus isolates with uncommon resistance phenotypes. The results of this study support further clinical development of LSVT-1701 to treat staphylococcal infections.LSVT-1701 demonstrated potent David Huang, MD, PhD, Lysovant (Consultant) Helio S. Sader, MD, PhD, FIDSA, AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)Basilea Pharmaceutica International, Ltd. (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla USA Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Department of Health and Human Services Melinta Therapeutics, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Nabriva Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Shionogi (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support) Paul R Rhomberg, Cidara Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer, Inc. (Research Grant or Support) Katyna Borroto-Esoda, PhD, Lysovant (Consultant) Eric Gaukel, BS, Lysovant (Employee)"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-019-51770-0, published online 29 October 2019Retraction of:  The authors have retracted this Article.Figure 3A: The H&E/PI panel looks identical to the PI/H&E (day 20) panel in Figure\u00a04.Figure 3A: The MT/NT panel looks identical to the PI/MT (day 60) panel in Figure\u00a04.Figure 4: The APN\u2009+\u2009PBS/PAS (day 50) panel was edited to bring the glomeruli closer together.After publication, the authors reported several irregularities in the histopathology images presented, specifically:Amin Ahmadi, Vahid Ezzatizadeh, Mehdi Alikhani, Fatemeh Hadi, and Hossein Baharvand agree to this retraction. Seyed Mahdi Nassiri does not agree with this retraction. Reza Moghadasali, Zeinab Taghizadeh, Mohammad Hassan Asghari-Vostikolaee, Reza Rahbarghazi, Reza Salman Yazdi, and Nasser Aghdami did not respond to correspondence relating to this retraction."}
{"text": "In animals, the biogenesis of some lipoprotein classes requires members of the ancient large lipid transfer protein (LLTP) superfamily, including the cytosolic large subunit of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), vertebrate apolipoprotein B (apoB), vitellogenin (Vtg), and insect apolipophorin II/I precursor (apoLp-II/I). In most oviparous species, Vtg, a large glycolipoprotein, is the main egg yolk precursor protein.This report clarifies the phylogenetic relationships of LLTP superfamily members and classifies them into three families and their related subfamilies. This means that the generic term Vtg is no longer a functional term, but is rather based on phylogenetic/structural criteria. In addition, we determined that the main egg yolk precursor protein of decapod crustaceans show an overall greater sequence similarity with apoLp-II/I than other LLTP, including Vtgs. This close association is supported by the phylogenetic analysis, i.e. neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, of conserved sequence motifs and the presence of three common conserved domains: an N-terminal large lipid transfer module marker for LLTP, a DUF1081 domain of unknown function in their central region exclusively shared with apoLp-II/I and apoB, and a von Willebrand-factor type D domain at their C-terminal end. Additionally, they share a conserved functional subtilisin-like endoprotease cleavage site with apoLp-II/I, in a similar location.The structural and phylogenetic data presented indicate that the major egg yolk precursor protein of decapod crustaceans is surprisingly closely related to insect apoLp-II/I and vertebrate apoB and should be known as apolipocrustacein (apoCr) rather than Vtg. These LLTP may arise from an ancient duplication event leading to paralogs of Vtg sequences. The presence of LLTP homologs in one genome may facilitate redundancy, e.g. involvement in lipid metabolism and as egg yolk precursor protein, and neofunctionalization and subfunctionalization, e.g. involvement in clotting cascade and immune response, of extracellular LLTP members. These protein-coding nuclear genes may be used to resolve phylogenetic relationships among the major arthropod groups, especially the Pancrustacea-major splits. This lipoprotein turned out to be serologically identical to oocyte lipovitellin. The term \"vitellogenin\" (Vtg) was proposed over thirty-five years ago [Diptera [In 1967, Wallace et al.  identifiears ago  to descrears ago , and is ears ago -8. Howevears ago  and lipa[Diptera . Multipl[Diptera . Regions[Diptera ,14. The [Diptera ,16.Knowledge of molecular structure and expression of Vtg in oviparous animals has increased impressively over the past two decades ,17. RecePenaeus semisulcatus, Penaeus monodon, Metapenaeus ensis, Marsupenaeus japonicus, Litopenaeus vannamei, Feneropenaeus merguiensis, Cherax quadricarinatus, Machrobrachium rosenbergii, Charybdis feriatus, Pandalus hypsinotus. and Portunus trituberculatus. In Penaeus semisulcatus and Marsupenaeus japonicus, the same apoCr cDNA was isolated from ovary and hepatopancreas tissues [Metapenaeus ensis, two apoCr cDNAs, apoCr1 and apoCr2, were isolated from these two tissues [Metapenaeus lineage. A recent phylogeny of penaeid shrimps, performed on two mitochondrial genes, indicated that Metapenaeus may be representative of the ancient Penaeus genus but distant from the other penaeid species [Penaeus semisulcatus revealed a sequence identity ranging from 92% with Feneropenaeus merguiensis to 34% with Charybdis feriatus [see Dendrobranchiata suborder were grouped together and the Pleocyemata suborder species, crab (Charybdis feriatus), crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) and prawn  were outside this monophyletic group. It is interesting to note that phylogenetic results correlated with the expression pattern of apoCr transcripts. Dendrobranchiata suborder species express apoCr transcripts in both ovaries and hepatopancreas [Metapenaeus ensis [Pleocyemata suborder species is apparently restricted to the hepatopancreas [Full-length apoCr cDNA sequences, annotated as Vtg in the GenBank\u2122/EBI Data Bank (see the Methods section), are currently available for eleven decapod species:  tissues ,32. In M tissues ,25. They species . Alignmeatus see . The phypancreas ,24,28,29pancreas ,21,26,27Penaeus semisulcatus apoCr as a target sequence revealed high BLAST scores and expected (E) values with other decapod apoCr, from the full-length sequence of Feneropenaeus merguiensis  to Charybdis feriatus . There were also similarities with other extracellular LLTP: insect apoLp-II/I, from Locusta migratoria  to Anopheles gambiae , and vertebrate apoB, from Gallus gallus  to Danio rerio , including Homo sapiens apoB-100 precursor protein . Lower scores and E values were retrieved with Vtg of oviparous animals, ranging from Crassostrea gigas mollusks  to Samia cynthia ricini insects . BLAST scores and E values of intracellular MTP family members overlapped with Vtg family members, as shown with Strongylocentrotus purpuratus echinoderms  or Homo sapiens . Even if BLAST analysis represents an over simplification of reality, the results obtained by this method, i.e. so-called crustacean Vtg are more closely-related to insect apoLp-II/I than to insect Vtg, as indicated by BLAST scores, was not seriously taken into account, as the term Vtg was already used for these sequences.A BLASTP  search oCrustacean apoCr  is of intermediate length between insect, nematode, mollusk, and vertebrate Vtg, which are generally shorter , and insect apoLp-II/I, which are larger . Consistent with BLAST scores, crustacean apoCrs confidently align with insect apoLp-II/Is see . ApoLp-IPenaeus semisulcatus and other crustacean apoCr include three conserved structural domains , between conserved motifs N19 and N20, and aligns very well between crustacean apoCrs and insect apoLp-II/Is [see Penaeus semisulcatus [Penaeus semisulcatus 74-kDa apoCr-II subunit displays 22%\u201343% identity-similarity with Locusta migratoria apoLp-II, while Locusta migratoria apoLp-II displays no more than 33%\u201355% and 28%\u201347% identity-similarity with Manduca sexta and Drosophila melanogaster apoLp-II, respectively. A similar consensus cleavage site is present in most insect Vtgs, but at a different location, in the extended region between motifs N6 and N7 [Crassostrea gigas Vtgs.In insects, the apoLp-II/I is cleaved before its secretion into apoLp-II and apoLp-I  at a consensus cleavage site, RX(R/K)R, for dibasic endoprotease processing ,37, and I/Is see . The N-tsulcatus  and othesulcatus ,37. For 6 and N7 . HoweverMetapenaeus ensis apoCr sequences were clustered together and therefore both belonged to the apoCr subfamily. The second group of sequences named the Vtg/CP family supported by a BI posterior probability of 0.82 grouped with confidence in separate clusters: vertebrate, mollusk, nematode, and insect Vtg, and crustacean CP .The evolutionary relationship of genes in the LLTP superfamily was evaluated after aligning the twenty-two conserved N-terminal sequence motifs of the LLT module of selected LLTP sequences see  and the Daphnia magna, a species belonging to the class of Branchiopoda, and CP from decapod crustaceans, belonging to the class of Malacostraca, tend to be grouped with insect Vtg . It should be noted that Daphnia magna Vtg is fused with a superoxide dismutase module at the N-terminal end [Arthropoda Vtg than decapod apoCr. Vtg, CP, apoCr, and apoLp-II/I members contain a VWD domain at their C-terminal end , and of both apoLp-II/I and Vtg in honey bees (Apis mellifera), from separate clusters according to our phylogenetic analysis  and both apoLp-II/I and Vtg from insect species (e.g. Apis mellifera), suggest that, in addition to their involvement in the lipid metabolism, extracellular LLTP may have acquired other functions during metazoan evolution, e.g. involvement in clotting cascade and immune response. The findings of this study may be also a starting point for using LLTP phylogeny and their functional role to clarify the controversial relationships among Pancrustacean constituent lineages.Observation of modular architecture and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the main egg yolk precursor protein of decapod crustaceans is a member of the LLTP superfamily, is homologous to insect apoLp-II/I and vertebrate apoB, and would be more appropriately called apolipocrustacein (apoCr) rather than Vtg. The presence of apoCr and a clotting protein structurally related to Vtg from the same shrimp species (e.g. AY051318 (Penaeus semisulcatus), GenBank:AB033719 (Marsupenaeus japonicus), GenBank:AY103478 (Vg1) and GenBank:AY530205 (Vg2) (Metapenaeus ensis), GenBank:AY321153 (Litopenaeus vannamei), GenBank:AY499620 (Fenneropenaeus merguiensis), and GenBank:DQ288843 (Penaeus monodon) for Crustacea Decapoda Penaeidae apoCr sequences; GenBank:AB117524 , GenBank:AF306784 (Cherax quadricarinatus), GenBank:AB056458 (Macrobrachium rosenbergii), GenBank:AY724676 (Charybdis feriatus), and GenBank:AAX94762 (Portunus trituberculatus) for Crustacea Decapoda Pleocyemata apoCr sequences; UniProt:Q9U943 for locust (Locusta migratoria), UniProt:Q25490 for tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta), UniProt:Q9V496 for fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), GenBank:XP_392490 for honey bee (Apis mellifera), GenBank:XP_321226 for African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae), and GenBank:BAB32641 for silk moth (Samia cynthia ricini) apoLp-II/I sequences; GenBank:XP_694827 for zebrafish (Danio rerio), GenBank:XP_419979 for chicken , and UniProt:X04714 for human (Homo sapiens) apoB sequences; GenBank:AAD16454 for freshwater crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), and GenBank:AAF19002 for shrimp (Penaeus monodon) CP sequences; GenBank:NP_610075 for fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), GenBank:XP_319421 for African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae), GenBank:AAR27937 for nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), GenBank:XP_788526 for sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratusthe), UniProt:Q8AXV7 for zebrafish (Danio rerio), UniProt:X78567 for bovine (Bos taurus), and UniProt:P55157 for human (Homo sapiens) large subunit of MTP sequences; GenBank:BAC22716 for oyster (Crassostrea gigas), GenBank:BAB63260  for Yesso scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis), UniProt:P55155 (Vtg2), UniProt:P06125 (Vtg5), UniProt:P18948 (Vtg6) for nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), UniProt:T18561 (Vtg6) for nematode , UniProt:Q91062 for lamprey (Ichthyomyzon unicuspis), UniProt:Q90243 for sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), UniProt:U07055 for mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus), UniProt:Q92093 for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), UniProt:P18709 for Xenopus (Xenopus laevis), and UniProt:P87498 for chicken  (Vtg1) Vtg sequences. As previously demonstrated, using the NJ method [Bombyx mori), UniProt:U60186 for gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar), UniProt:U02548 for yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti), UniProt:Q05808 for boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis), UniProt:U97277 for bean bug (Riptortus clavatus), GenBank:NP_001011578 for honey bee (Apis mellifera), and GenBank:AF026789 for parasitoid wasp (Pimpla nipponica).Accession numbers for LLTP sequences used from GenBank\u2122/EBI or UniProt databases are GenBank:Penaeus semisulcatus [The deduced amino acid sequence of sulcatus  was subjsulcatus . Amino asulcatus . Sequencsulcatus . The twesulcatus  resultinsulcatus .sump and sumt commands in MrBayes and the computer program Tracer version 3.1 [The phylogenetic tree and branch support values were estimated using three different methodologies of phylogenetic reconstruction: 1) NJ, 2) ML and 3) BI. NJ algorithm was based on the number of amino acid substitutions per site with the Poisson-correction distance method and pairwise-deletion option for gap sites, and bootstrap support values were obtained with 5,000 pseudoreplicates. The distance analysis was carried out with MEGA 3.1 . ML analsion 3.1 . Stationsion 3.1 . In the apoB, apolipoprotein B; apoCr, apolipocrustacein; apoLp-II/I, apolipophorin II/I; APO, apolipocrustacein/apolipophorin/apolipoprotein monophyletic group; BI, Bayesian inference; CP, clotting protein; LLT, large lipid transfer; LLTP, large lipid transfer proteins; MCMC, Markov Chain Monte Carlo; ML, maximum likelihood; MTP, large subunit of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein; neighbor-joining, NJ; very high density lipoprotein, (VHDL); Vtg, vitellogenin; VWD, von Willebrand factor type D; vWF, von Willebrand factor.J-C.A, E.L and P.J.B. designed research; J-C.A. and P.J.B performed research; J-C.A., E.L. and P.J.B analyzed data; and J-C.A., E. L. and P.J.B wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Alignment of deduced amino acid sequences from crustacean apolipocrustaceins (apoCr) and insect apolipophorins II/I (apoLp-II/I). The conservative substitutions allowed were colored and defined as follows: A, G; S, T; E, D; R, K, H; Q, N; V, I, L, M; Y, F, W; P; and C. Gaps inserted to optimize alignments are indicated by dashes. Sites of identical or conserved amino acids in all sequences are highlighted in red and gray, respectively. The conserved functional subtilisin-like endoprotease cleavage site is highlighted in yellow. The name of each domain and of each conserved motif, from N1 to N22, of the LLT module [T module  is indicClick here for fileAlignment of LLT module conserved protein sequence motifs extracted from LLTP superfamily members. The conservative substitutions allowed were colored and defined as in Click here for file"}
{"text": "Volvox carteri possesses only two cell types: mortal, motile somatic cells and potentially immortal, immotile reproductive cells. It is therefore an attractive model system for studying how cell-autonomous cytodifferentiation is programmed within a genome. Moreover, there are ongoing genome projects both in Volvox carteri and in the closely related unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. However, gene sequencing is only the beginning. To identify cell-type specific expression and to determine relative expression rates, we evaluate the potential of real-time RT-PCR for quantifying gene transcript levels.The multicellular alga Here we analyze a diversified pool of 39 target genes by real-time RT-PCR for each cell type. This gene pool contains previously known genes with unknown localization of cellular expression, 28 novel genes which are described in this study for the first time, and a few known, cell-type specific genes as a control. The respective gene products are, for instance, part of photosynthesis, cellular regulation, stress response, or transport processes. We provide expression data for all these genes.Volvox, which can be extended to a much larger number of genes or to developmental or metabolic mutants. Our expression data also provide a basis for a detailed analysis of individual, previously unknown, cell-type specifically expressed genes.The results show that quantitative real-time RT-PCR is a favorable approach to analyze cell-type specific gene expression in  Volvox carteri has a level of complexity representing an ideal model system for studies of multicellularity and cellular differentiation , klpA [GenBank:EF123073],fer1 [GenBank:EF123074], nab1 [GenBank:EF123075],rap41 [GenBank:EF123076], fbp1 [GenBank: EF123077],cp12 [GenBank: EF123078], prfA [GenBank: EF123079],fsd1 [GenBank: EF123080], rpl37 [GenBank: EF123081],glu1 [GenBank: EF123082], hsp70B [GenBank: EF123083],hsp40A [GenBank: EF123084], ubcA [GenBank: EF123085],ponA [GenBank: EF123086], mat3 [GenBank: EF123087],vpeA [GenBank: EF123088], sac1 [GenBank: EF123089],rcd1 [GenBank: EF123090], adcA [GenBank: EF123091],nipA [GenBank: EF123092], lciB [GenBank: EF123093],upf1 [GenBank: EF123094], upf2 [GenBank: EF123095],upf3 [GenBank: EF123096], upf4 [GenBank: EF123097],upf5 [GenBank: EF123098], and upf6 [GenBank: EF123099].t \u2013 cycle threshold; EST \u2013 expressed sequence tag; gDNA \u2013 genomic DNA; PCR \u2013 polymerase chain reaction; RT-PCR \u2013 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactionBLAST \u2013 basic local alignment search tool; cDNA \u2013 complementary DNA; CGN and AK were responsible for homology search, sequence analysis, primer design, and realization of all experiments. AH (corresponding author) conceived and coordinated the study, critically evaluated the data, did the final calculations, and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."}
{"text": "Mitochondrial genomes form units of genetic information replicating indepentently from nuclear genomes. Sequence data (most often from protein-coding genes) and other features  of mitochondrial genomes are often used in phylogenetic studies of metazoan animals from population to phylum level. Pycnogonids are primarily marine arthropods, often considered closely related to chelicerates . However, due to their aberrant morphology and to controversial results from molecular studies, their phylogenetic position is still under debate.Nymphon gracile, class Pycnogonida). Gene order derives from that of other arthropods so that presumably 10 single tRNA gene translocations, a translocation of the mitochondrial control region, and one large inversion affecting protein-coding genes must have happened in the lineage leading to Nymphon gracile. Some of the changes in gene order seem not to be common to all pycnogonids, as those were not found in a partial mitochondrial genome of another species, Endeis spinosa. Four transfer RNAs of Nymphon gracile show derivations from the usual cloverleaf secondary structure (truncation or loss of an arm). Initial phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial protein-coding gene sequences placed Pycnogonida as sister group to Acari. However, this is in contrast to the majority of all other studies using nuclear genes and/or morphology and was not recovered in a second analysis where two long-branching acarid species were omitted.This is the first report of a complete mitochondrial genome sequence from a sea spider , as found in phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial genes, may rather be due to long-branch attraction and independently derived nucleotide composition and amino acid frequency, than to a real sister group relationship.Extensive gene rearrangement characterizes the mitochondrial genome of  Due to their evolutionary history as derived endosymbionts, mitochondria have retained genetic material \u2013 the mitochondrial genome. Much of their original gene content was eliminated or transferred to the nucleus , while otrnL2 is changed in crustaceans and hexapods, but not in chelicerates and myriapods . All 37 genes expected for animal mitochondrial genomes have been identified. Gene overlaps (7 bp) exist between nad4 and nad4L, as well as between atp8 and atp6, as is reported for many other mitochondrial genomes. Six out of thirteen protein-coding genes show incomplete stop codons (T or TA), which is probably compensated by posttranscriptional polyadenylation , was published recently ; Triops cancriformis, [Genbank:NC_004465]; Tricholepidion gertschi, [Genbank:NC_005437]; Locusta migratoria, [Genbank:NC_001712]; Narceus annularius, [Genbank:NC_003343]; Lithobius forficatus, [Genbank:NC_002629]; Limulus polyphemus, [Genbank:NC_003057]; Centruroides limpidus, [Genbank:NC_006896]; Heptathela hangzhouensis, [Genbank:NC_005924]; Ornithoctonus huwena, [Genbank:NC_005925]; Habronattus oregonensis, [Genbank:NC_005942]; Leptotrombidium pallidum, [Genbank:NC_007601]; Varroa destructor, [Genbank:NC_004454]; Ornithodoros moubata, [Genbank:NC_004357]; Carios capensis, [Genbank:NC_005291]; Ixodes hexagonus, [Genbank:NC_002010]; Haemaphysalis flava, [Genbank:NC_005292]; Rhipicephalus sanguineus, [Genbank:NC_002074]; Amblyomma triguttatum, [Genbank:NC_005963].Two different analyses were performed on both alignments. (1) A maximum likelihood tree was computed using PAUP* ver. 4.0b10 . The moddatabase . NCBI Geatp6, atp8, ATP synthase subunits 6 and 8; cob, cytochrome oxidase b; cox1-3, cytochrome oxidase subunit I-III; nad1-6, nad4L, NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1\u20136, 4L; rrns, rrnl, small (12S) and large (16S) subunit ribosomal RNA; transfer RNA (tRNA) genes are listed as trnX, where X is replaced by the one letter amino acid code of the corresponding amino acid; CR, mitochondrial control region. EF-1\u03b1/EF-2, elongation factor-1\u03b1/-2; RNA-Pol II, RNA polymerase II. BI, Bayesian inference; ML, maximum likelihood; bp, base pairs.Mitochondrial genes: LP was primarily responsible for design and coordination of the study and conducted all the laboratory work. Analyses and manuscript draft was done in equal parts by both authors."}
{"text": "PRNP and its homologues, shadow of prion protein gene SPRN and doppel gene PRND, and prion testis-specific gene PRNT so far.The homologues of human disease genes are expected to contribute to better understanding of physiological and pathogenic processes. We made use of the present availability of vertebrate genomic sequences, and we have conducted the most comprehensive comparative genomic analysis of the prion protein gene SPRN and PRNP homologues are present in all vertebrates, PRND is known in tetrapods, and PRNT is present in primates. PRNT could be viewed as a TE-associated gene. Using human as the base sequence for genomic sequence comparisons (VISTA), we annotated numerous potential cis-elements. The conserved regions in SPRNs harbour the potential Sp1 sites in promoters , C-rich intron splicing enhancers and PTB intron splicing silencers in introns , and hsa-miR-34a sites in 3'-UTRs (eutherians). We showed the conserved PRNP upstream regions, which may be potential enhancers or silencers . In the PRNP 3'-UTRs, there are conserved cytoplasmic polyadenylation element sites . The PRND core promoters include highly conserved CCAAT, CArG and TATA boxes . We deduced 42 new protein primary structures, and performed the first phylogenetic analysis of all vertebrate prion genes. Using the protein alignment which included 122 sequences, we constructed the neighbour-joining tree which showed four major clusters, including shadoos, shadoo2s and prion protein-likes (cluster 1), fish prion proteins (cluster 2), tetrapode prion proteins (cluster 3) and doppels (cluster 4). We showed that the entire prion protein conformationally plastic region is well conserved between eutherian prion proteins and shadoos (18\u201325% identity and 28\u201334% similarity), and there could be a potential structural compatibility between shadoos and the left-handed parallel beta-helical fold.While the bona fide cis-elements. However, this idea needs to be confirmed by functional assays in transgenic systems.It is likely that the conserved genomic elements identified in this analysis represent  C and may fold into the compact conformation enciphering features of prions PrPSc  and western clawed frog [EMBL:BN000849], 10 Dpls which were from rhesus macaque [EMBL:BN000886], white-tufted-ear marmoset [EMBL:BN001002], horse [EMBL:BN000997], bottle-nosed dolphin [EMBL:BN001001], western European hedgehog [EMBL:BN000998], little brown bat [EMBL:BN001000], African elephant [EMBL:BN000999], small Madagascar hedgehog [EMBL:BN000889], Hoffmann's two-fingered sloth [EMBL:BN000991] and gray short-tailed opossum [EMBL:BN000887]. We aligned these sequences with the 6 Shos, 4 Sho2s, 3 PrP-likes, 4 PrP2s, 7 PrP1s, 47 PrPs and 12 Dpls, as well with the potential western clawed frog Dpl , and performed phylogenetic analysis.From the available genomic sequences, cDNAs and ESTs ,27,28, wUsing the neighbour joining (NJ) method, we constructed the first phylogenetic tree including all prion genes Figure . The proThe present Sho dataset enabled us to better define the extent of sequence conservation between PrPs and Shos. Along the entire PrP conformationally plastic region , there iWe threaded the conserved sequences from several Shos onto the left-handed parallel \u03b2-helical sequence 3D profile Table . There ibona fide cis-elements. However, this idea needs to be confirmed by functional assays in transgenic systems.It is likely that the conserved genomic elements identified in this analysis represent SPRN and adjacent genes from human (VEGA:10:135081619:135169358 from VEGA), chimpanzee (CHIMP2.1:10:134664772:134840875 from Ensembl), rhesus macaque , small eared galago , mouse (NCBIM36:7:139977004:140082456 from Ensembl), rat (RGSC3.4:1:199910407:200064500 from Ensembl), rabbit , cow (Btau_3.1:26:46850000:46960000 from Ensembl), dog , little brown bat , gray short-tailed opossum (BROADO3:1:562720743:563122104 from Ensembl), chicken (WASHUC2:6:10486826:10506320 from Ensembl), western clawed frog (JGI4.1:scaffold_502:494972:606518 from Ensembl), fugu (FUGU4:scaffold_24: 866033:880929), spotted green pufferfish (TETRAODON7:17:4621488:4636712 from Ensembl), Japanese medaka , three-spine stickleback  and zebrafish . In the sequences, TEs were masked using the slow speed RepeatMasker mode  (tags CCCCAGGGCA or CCCCAGGGCACTGAGGG) or the mouse Sprn cDNA [GenBank:BC056484] (tags ATGAAACTTT or ATGAAACTTTGTCTGAA) as queries. In order to avoid the sequencing error bias, a tag count was accepted only if counted at least twice in a library.The Human_EST, Mouse_EST and EST_others EST libraries in NCBI were searched using available SPRN gene including 1.1 kb of its upstream genomic sequence (the distance between putative transcription start site and the first upstream TE) with the other 17 SPRN genes and their flanking intergenic sequences, which were each extracted from the long genomic sequences described above. We used alignments between human and species other than primates to define the conserved SPRN regions. Gene regions conserved above the cutoff values for VISTA were manually extracted, aligned, inspected and edited using BioEdit , Trichosurus vulpecular [GenBank:AAA61833], Macropus eugenii [GenBank:AAT68002], Gallus gallus [GenBank:NP_990796], Columba rupestris [GenBank:AAF73436], Anas platyrhynchos [GenBank:AAF82604], Tyto alba [GenBank:AAD47049], Vultur gryphus [GenBank:AAD47045], Pachyptila turtur [GenBank:AAD47050], Pelodiscus sinensis [GenBank:BAC66701], Trachemys scripta [GenBank:CAB81568], Xenopus laevis [GenBank:CAC86159]) and a subset of Dpls . The protein sequences were aligned using the ClustalW program implemented in BioEdit. The alignments were inspected and manually corrected, and they include both complete and incomplete sequences. We used MEGA3 [BN000995], so that the NJ tree includes 122 sequences.Using the public genomic sequences, as well as ESTs and cDNAs ,27,28, wian PrPs  and a suWe threaded the potential Sho plastic region sequences onto the left-handed parallel \u03b2-helical sequence 3D profile ; Mt, Macaca mulatta.  Ppa, Pongo pygmaeus abelii; Pt, Pan troglodytes;  *, sequence annotated in this study.Click here for file"}
{"text": "Correction to:Molecular Psychiatry (2017) advance online publication 14 February 2017; doi:10.1038/mp.2017.5Following publication of this paper, the authors noticed a mistake in"}
{"text": "Single-cell gene expression patterns in lupus monocytes independently indicate disease activity, interferon and therapy. Lupus Sci Med 2017;4:e000202. doi:10.1136/lupus-2016-000202Jin Z, Fan W, Jensen MA, Two corrections have been made for this article.The authors Zhongbo Jin and Wei Fan are joint first authors and contributed equally to the manuscript.Figure 3 is not correct in the published article. The correct Figure 3 is shown below.Figure 3: Hierarchical clustering of non-classical monocytes from patients and controls, with tracks indicating individuals, IFN score, SLEDAI score and prednisone usage. Each single cell forms a single row, and each column corresponds to an individual gene. All non-classical cells and genes are shown. Lower right corner inset shows heat map colour scheme key, with units indicating the delta CT values for each transcript. Colour codes for the data columns: Subject\u2014white: healthy subjects; each colour represents one subject with SLE; interferon (IFN) score\u2014darker green means higher IFN score; systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) score\u2014red: SLEDAI \u226510; pink: SLEDAI 3 to 6; white: SLEDAI 0 to 2; prednisone\u2014dark blue: 20 mg/day; light blue: less than 10 mg/day; white: no prednisone. Black horizontal bars demarcate groups of cells that correspond to controls, high IFN, high SLEDAI and high-dose prednisone."}
{"text": "Bladder stones account for ~5% of all urinary tract stones and are associated with bladder outlet obstruction, neurogenic or augmented bladders, infection or foreign bodies. Small bladder stones can be managed efficiently by transurethral methods and larger stones by open or laparoscopic approaches. However, the optimal management of multiple intermediate sized stones is controversial. Options include cystolithotomy (open or laparoscopic) and endoscopic cystolithotripsy either via a transurethral, percutaneous or combined approach using holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser, ultrasonic or pneumatic cystolithotripsy , 2. WhenChoi and Bae  present David J. Hernandez, MDAssociate Professor of UrologyDirector, USF Urology Clinic SouthUrologic Malignancies, Robotic Surgery, BPH & UrolithiasisChief of Urology, Tampa General Hospital2 Tampa General Circle, STC 6th floorTampa, FL 33606, USAFax: +1 813 250-2279dhernan3@health.usf.eduE-mail:"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports7: Article number: 4015410.1038/srep40154; published online: 01052017; updated: 04112017In this Article, Jung-jae Kim is incorrectly listed as being affiliated with \u20181 Fusionopolis Way, #21\u201301 Connexis (South Tower), 138632, Singapore\u2019.The correct affiliation is listed below:Institute for Infocomm Research, Data Analytics Department, 138632, Singapore."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 39169; 10.1038/srep39169 published online: 12152016; updated: 09152017.This Article contains errors. In Equation 1,should read:In the Results section, the subheading \u2018Detection using the multi-variate method and no filter (TfC0)\u2019 should read:\u2018Detection using the multi-variate method and no filter (TfNo)\u2019."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports7: Article number: 4157010.1038/srep41570; published online: 02082017; updated: 03282017This Article contains a typographical error in the Methods section, under the subheading \u201cLibrary construction, RNA Sequencing and RNASeq analysis\u201d, where:50 (https://github.com/PriceLab/snapr) against the GRCh38 genome assembly, along with the transcriptome assembly gtf file from Ensembl, GRCh38.75\u201d.\u201cThe fastq files were aligned using the default parameters of SNAPRshould read:50 (https://github.com/PriceLab/snapr) against the GRCm38 genome assembly, along with the transcriptome assembly gtf file from Ensembl, GRCm38\u201d.\u201cThe fastq files were aligned using the default parameters of SNAPR"}
{"text": "Health effects of home energy efficiency interventions in England: a modelling study. BMJ Open 2015;5:e007298. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007298Hamilton I, Milner J, Chalabi ZSome text was missed out of the Acknowledgements in the original paper. The full Acknowledgement statement should read:Acknowledgements The following persons were involved in the initial 2009 \u2018Health impact of energy efficiency\u2019 DECC funded project\u2014LSHTM: Hutchinson E; Sheffield Hallam University: Wilson I, Green G, Gilbertson J, Stafford B; Warwick University: Ormandy D; Ulster University: Liddell C, Morris C; UCL: Ian Ridley. Ian Ridley was also involved in the subsequent 2012 funded work, developing core parts of the pollutant module."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Rabiah Badar. The correct citation is: Mumtaz S, Khan L, Ahmed S, Badar R (2017) Indirect adaptive soft computing based wavelet-embedded control paradigms for WT/PV/SOFC in a grid/charging station connected hybrid power system. PLoS ONE 12(9): e0183750. The affiliation for the fourth author is incorrect. Rabiah Badar is not affiliated with #1 but with #2 Department of Electrical Engineering, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3277010.1038/srep32770; published online: 09062016; updated: 10202015The Acknowledgments section of this Article contains a typographical error, where:\u201cMinistry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP) (#NRF-2011-0013927)\u201dshould read\u201cMinistry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (MSIP) (#NRF-2011-0030105)\u201d."}
{"text": "In the article \u201cFROM COMPLEX EVOLVING TO SIMPLE: CURRENT REVISIONAL AND ENDOSCOPIC PROCEDURES FOLLOWING BARIATRIC SURGERY\u201d, with the number of DOI: /10.1590/0102-6720201600S10031, published in the periodical Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva, 29 (Suppl 1): 128- 133, on page 128:Where it read:Received for publication: 02/16/2016Accepted for publication: 6/2/2016Read:Received for publication: 8/16/2016Accepted for publication: 02/10/2016On page 132, it was added after completion:ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:This review has been published in part in the German language to disseminate the current topic to the public who speaks foreign languages \u200b\u200bmore widely.On page 133, a reference number 66 was added:66. Zorron R, Bothe C, Junghans T, Pratschke J, Benzing C, Krenzien F. [Conversational and endoscopic procedures after bariatric surgery]. Chirurg. 2016 out; 87 (10): 857-64. Doi: 10.1007 / s00104-016-0277-z. German. PubMed PMID: 27566189.In the article \u201cFOOD INTOLERANCES AND ASSOCIATED SYMPTOMS IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING FOBI-CAPELLA TECHNIQUE WITHOUT GASTRIC RING\u201d, with the number of DOI: /10.1590/S0102-67202015000100010 published in the periodical Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva, 28 (1): 36- 39, on page 36:Inclusion of author:Cinthia Karla Rodrigues do Monte GuedesIn the article \u201cHEREDITARY DIFFUSE GASTRIC CANCER: LAPAROSCOPIC SURGICAL APPROACH ASSOCIATED TO RARE MUTATTION OF CDH1 GENE151, on page 149:Where it read:Rafaella HigashiRead:Rafaella Ribas MuratoriIn the article \u201cIMMUNOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS SUBMITTED TO METABOLIC SURGERY\", with the number of DOI: /10.1590/S0102-6720201500040012 published in the periodical Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva, 28 (4): 266-269, page 266:Where it read:Financial source: noneRead:Financial source: Foundation for Research Support of the State of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)In the article \u201cEFFECT OF THE INGESTION OF THE PALM OIL AND GLUTAMINE IN SERUM LEVELS OF GLP-1, PYY AND GLYCEMIA IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 PATIENTS SUBMITTED TO METABOLIC SURGERY\u201d, with the number of DOI: /10.1590/S0102-6720201400S100013 published no. Journal of the Brazilian Archives of Digestive Surgery, 27 (Suppl 1): 51-55, on page 51:Where it read:Financial source: noneRead:Financial source: Foundation for Research Support of the State of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG)"}
{"text": "Nature Communications7: Article number: 12862; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12862 (2016); Published: 09272016; Updated: 08302017In Supplementary Fig. 7 of this Article, graphs presenting 6-PFK kinetics in panel d were inadvertently duplicated from those in panel c. The correct version of Supplementary Fig. 7 appears below as"}
{"text": "Escherichia coli (STEC) is one of the major foodborne pathogens. Having observed the wide distribution of this pathogen in wild deer, we report here the draft genome sequence of five STEC strains isolated from wild deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Hokkaido, Japan.Shiga toxin-producing  Escherichia coli (STEC) represents a major issue for public health because of its capability to cause large outbreaks and the severity of the associated illnesses (\u2013Cervus nippon yesoensis) inhabiting Hokkaido, Japan, between 2011 and 2016. Genomic DNA of the five strains were sequenced by single-end sequencing with an Ion Torrent PGM sequencer , resulting in an average coverage of 139\u00d7. Raw reads were trimmed and de novo assembled using CLC Genomics Workbench v 9.0 . The parameters for trimming were as follows: ambiguous limit, 2; quality limit, 0.05; number of 5\u2032-terminal nucleotides, 20; number of 3\u2032-terminal nucleotides, 5. The parameters for the de novo assembly were as follows: mapping mode, create simple contig sequences (fast); bubble size, 50; word size, 21; minimum contig length, 1,000\u00a0bp; perform scaffolding, no; autodetect paired distances, yes.Shiga toxin-producing llnesses . Epidemillnesses , but willlnesses \u20135. Recenlnesses \u2013 have madlnesses \u2013, we obtaN50, 140,330\u00a0bp on average) and an average G+C content of 45.5% to 50.7%. The genome was annotated by the RAST server  and slide agglutination testing.Their sequence types (ST) and serotypes were also identified as follows: ST32/O145:NM (11226), ST446/OUT:HUT (11229), ST11/O157:H7 (11247), ST32/O145:NM (15821), and ST5597/OUT:HUT (16309), by multilocus sequence type (MLST) 1.8 . Since eae-negative STEC also cause human illness  contained BDLI01000000 (11226), BDLJ01000000 (11229), BDLK01000000 (11247), BDLL01000000 (15821), and BDLM01000000 (16309). The versions described in this paper are the first versions, BDLI01000000 (11226), BDLJ01000000 (11229), BDLK01000000 (11247), BDLL01000000 (15821), and BDLM01000000 (16309).This whole-genome shotgun project has been deposited at DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank under the GenBank accession numbers"}
{"text": "The correct name is: van Beek N. The correction citation is: van den Noort JC, Kortier HG, van Beek N, Veeger DHEJ, Veltink PH (2016) Measuring 3D Hand and Finger Kinematics\u2014A Comparison between Inertial Sensing and an Opto-Electronic Marker System. PLoS ONE 11(11): e0164889."}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error.The last author\u2019s name is listed incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation is: Hassan MS, Awasthi N, Li J, Schwarz MA, Schwarz RE, von Holzen U (2017) A novel intraperitoneal metastatic xenograft mouse model for survival outcome assessment of esophageal adenocarcinoma. PLoS ONE 12(2): e0171824."}
{"text": "Nature Communications8 Article: 14013 ; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14013 (2017); Published 01172017; Updated 08142017\u2018In the References section of this Article, the citation listed as reference 17 is incorrect, and should have referred to the following paper:et al. COSMIC: exploring the world's knowledge of somatic mutations in human cancer. Nucleic Acids Res. 43(Database issue): D805-D811 (2015).\u2019Forbes, S. A."}
{"text": "AbstractColeoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae) preserved in Early Miocene amber (ca. 20.4-16.0 mya) from the Dominican Republic: Scelianomacompactasp. n. sec. Franz & Zhang (2017) (henceforth abbreviated as [FZ2017]), Tropirhinuspalpebratussp. n. [FZ2017], and Diaprepesanticussp. n. [FZ2017]. The taxonomic assignment of the amber inclusions is grounded in a preceding phylogenetic analysis by Using syntactic and semantic conventions of the taxonomic concept approach , we descScelianoma Franz and Gir\u00f3n 2009 [FZ2017], Tropirhinus Schoenherr 1823 [FZ2017], and Diaprepes Schoenherr 1823 [FZ2017] - in relation to 2-4 preceding classifications published in 1982-2012. The description of Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017] from Hispaniola is indicative of a more widespread historical range of Scelianoma [FZ2017] than reflected in the extant, southwestern Puerto Rican Scelianomaelydimorpha Franz and Gir\u00f3n 2009 sec. Diaprepesanticus [FZ2017] in Hispaniola during the Early Miocene suggests an eastward directed process of island colonization and likely speciation of members of Diaprepes [FZ2017], given that most extant relatives occur throughout the Lesser Antilles. The herein presented data will facilitate more reliable reconstructions of historical biographic processes thought to have played a prominent role in the diversification of the West Indian and Neotropical mainland broad-nosed weevil lineages.We present detailed images, descriptions, and phylogenetically informed diagnoses for the three new species-level entities, along with logically consistent Region Connection Calculus (RCC-5) alignments of the amended genus-level classifications for  The present study adopts the taxonomic concept approach and conventions of 1.Taxonomic concept labels  sec. 2. Taxonomic names (without the sec. annotation) are used to refer to any or all usages associated with that name. Example: Diaprepesabbreviatus (Linnaeus 1758).3. The term [non-focal] is added to taxonomic names whose meanings are not under scrutiny in the present context, such as names for higher-level or outgroup entities. Example: Entiminae Schoenherr, 1823 [non-focal].For ease of legibility, we abbreviate the often appearing author specifier \"sec. Franz & Zhang (2017)\" with [FZ2017]. A more expansive justification for these conventions and the associated representations is provided in Coleoptera [non-focal]: Curculionidae [non-focal]: Entiminae [non-focal] - higher-level classification in general accordance with We newly name and describe three species-level concepts of broad-nosed weevils 2. Brodzinsky / L\u00f3pez-Penha Collection, Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC These inclusions pertain to the Burdigalian time period of the Early Miocene (Neogene), with an estimated age range of 20.44 \u00b1 0.05 Ma (million years ago) to 15.97 \u00b1 0.05 Ma . The speThe herein newly designated type specimens have red \"holotype\" labels that show the genus name and species epithet, gender symbol, author names, year, and source \"sec. Franz & Zhang (2017)\" .Imaging. Habitus and detail photographs of the amber-included specimens were produced using either (1) a Leica M205C stereomicroscope, with an attached DFC450 camera, computer, and the Leica Application Suite (LAS) editing software, version 4.1.0.; or (2) a Visionary Digital Passport II sytem and attached Canon EOS Mark 5D II camera. An effort was made to obtain well exposed, fully focused, and scaled images; however the specific conditions of the amber inclusions - including varying optical angles in relation to the amber surface, cracks, and contaminations with non-/organic materials - made this challenging and underscores in importance of assessing the inclusions in person. The images are numbered according to their first appearance in the descriptive section.Digitization. Darwin Core-compliant information and images for each of the amber-included specimens were added to the \"Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network\" (SCAN) portal (see http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/). This openly accessible portal was also used to generate universally unique identifiers (UUIDs) for the specimens.Morphological analysis. Our descriptive approach follows that of preceding treatments of extant West Indian entimine weevils, in particular Phylogenetic analysis. Inference of the phylogenetic (and hence taxonomic) identity of the specimens was greatly aided by the prior cladistic analysis of In accordance with the preceding analysis , the expFranz & Zhang [FZ2017]sp. n.http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=25836759urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D123834D-3062-4A6E-81C1-886DD594EF11Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ARTSYS0000269; recordNumber: DR-888; recordedBy: Unknown; individualCount: 1; sex: Male; lifeStage: Adult; preparations: Amber inclusion; disposition: SEMC, on loan; otherCatalogNumbers: SEMC339; occurrenceID: 44a28738-bbf7-441d-8343-9adf009eb5b0; Taxon: scientificName: Scelianomacompacta; nameAccordingTo: Franz & Zhang 2017; namePublishedIn: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic . Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic ; Record Level: modified: 24/01/2017 18:31; rights: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/; rightsHolder: University of Kansas; bibliographicCitation: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic ; surface sculpture of pronotum and elytra homogeneously foveate to lacunose, with deep, densely and regularly arranged, subcircular impressions, otherwise rugulose; integument covered with setae and scales, each most apparent on rostrum and legs; setae regularly arranged, dark brown, short and recurvate; scales circular and apparently densely arrangement and light to dark brown, though not well preserved in the type specimen.Mouthparts. Mandibles equilateral, with 5-8 fine setae; mandibular scar positioned apicolaterally, projected. Maxillae with maxillary palps apparently 3-segmented . Labium with prementum cordate, slightly wider than long; labial palps apparently 3-segmented.Rostrum. Length 1.85 mm, rostral/pronotal length ratio 0.6, rostral length/width ratio 2.0 . Rostrum in dorsal view rectangular, anteriorly widened, anterodorsal margin weakly emarginate; epistoma with nasal plate , laterally positioned, separated by distance shorter than anterior-to-posterior length of each eye; outline in lateral profile elliptical , anterior and posterior margins more strongly rounded, and with an anteocular invagination , lacunae somewhat variable in size and arranged in an off-set, honeycomb-like pattern; median sulcus absent. Pronotum in lateral view tubular, slightly arcuate; anterolateral margins straight (without postocular lobe), postocular vibrissae absent. Scutellum exposed by elytra, small, subcircular. Epipleura challenging to observe , though apparently similar to those of Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. Legs. Prothoracic and metathoracic legs each longer than mesothoracic legs, generally similar to those of males of Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. Elytra Fig. . Length/width ratio 2.2; widest near anterior 1.4; anterior margins jointly minimally wider than posterior margin of pronotum, nearly straight; humeri absent; lateral margins slightly angulate: diverging along anterior 1/6, subrectate and slightly converging along posterior 1/6; posterior margins narrowly rounded. Elytra in lateral view with dorsal outline subplane along anterior 5/6, posterior 1/6 with distinctly angled, straight declivity, mesal elytral margin projected along angulation. Elytra with striae I-IX complete, stria X incomplete ; striae wider than intervals; punctures large, deep, foveate to lacunose, subcircular to elliptical, and arranged from stria to stria in an off-set, honeycomb-like pattern; intervals slightly elevanted and rounded.Wings. Absent.Abdomen. Venter with only abdominal ventrites VI and VII visible (and displaced by process of fossilization), each similar in length, and VII with posterior margin widely rounded. Pygidium entirely covered by elytra.Terminalia. Terminalia not unambiguously observed; however, located just to the left side of the amber-included specimen are several displaced, distorted chitinous structures that apparently include the male spiculum gastrale and median lobe in more or less parallel orientation to the remainder of the specimen. Accordingly (with aforementioned caveats), the presumed spiculum gastrale is similar to that of Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. Female. Unknown.Generic placement.Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017] shares with Scelianomaelydimorpha Franz and Gir\u00f3n sec. Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017] and Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. acta FZ207 shares Scelianoma Franz and Gir\u00f3n [FZ2017] include members of Artipus Sahlberg sec. Artipus sec. Scelianoma [FZ2017].Close extant relatives of Scelianoma [FZ2017] is also distinct from other extant Caribbean groups such as Apotomoderes Dejean sec. Melathra Franz sec. Scelianoma sec. Eustylini Larcordaire 1863 [non-focal], but this was not supported in Differential diagnosis.Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017], in addition to being extinct and recorded from Dominican amber, is differentiated from the extant, southwestern Puerto Rico-inhabiting Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017] is valid, then then the posterior region of the median lobe is less arcuate in this species than in Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017] in comparison to Scelianomaelydimorpha sec. The epithet - \"thick, firm, compact\"  - refersScelianomacompacta [FZ2017] is known only from the examined Dominican amber inclusion  of the Burdigalian time period. The specific mine of origin for this inclusion is unknown.Unknown.Franz & Zhang [FZ2017]sp. n.http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=25836760urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2E8D32B1-D021-4E02-BABE-B494098D4C94Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ARTSYS0000270; recordNumber: Woodruff #9768; recordedBy: R.E. Woodruff; individualCount: 1; sex: Female; lifeStage: Adult; preparations: Amber inclusion; disposition: USNM, on loan; otherCatalogNumbers: USNM505319; occurrenceID: 266d8782-5bf5-4763-b3fa-ea057a3fc55a; Taxon: scientificName: Tropirhinuspalpebratus; nameAccordingTo: Franz & Zhang 2017; namePublishedIn: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic . Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic ; Record Level: modified: 24/01/2017 18:31; rights: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/; rightsHolder: United States National Museum; bibliographicCitation: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic . Labium with prementum cordate, equilateral; labial palps apparently 3-segmented.Rostrum. Length 1.3 mm, rostral/pronotal length ratio 0.8, rostral length/width ratio 1.1. Rostrum in dorsal view equilateral to rectangular, dorsolateral margins nearly straight and distance between them anteriorly gradually widening, anterodorsal margin with a distinct, narrow, V-shaped mesal emargination; epistoma with nasal plate , dorsolaterally positioned, separated by distance similar to anterior-to-posterior length of each eye; outline in lateral profile elliptical , ventral margin less rounded.Thorax. Pronotum in dorsal view equilateral to transverse, weakly convex, length/width ratio 0.85, pronotal/elytral length ratio 0.25; widest near posterior 1/3, lateral margins continuously rounded; surface punctate, with a wide, elliptical median sulcus (or impression) extending along anterior 1/2 of pronotum. Pronotum in lateral view equilateral; anterolateral margins with a small postocular lobe, and dorsad thereof with a tuft of 4-6 slightly longer, anteriorly directed setae . Scutellum exposed by elytra, small, escudate, posterior margins rounded. Epipleura with mespisternum triangular; mesepimeron dorsally oblique truncate; metepisternum linear, anteriorly widened; metepimeron entirely covered by elytron. Prothoracic ventrite with anterior margin widely emarginate; proxocal cavities positioned near mid point, contiguous. Mesothoracic ventrite with plumose-scopiform scales; mesocoxal cavities separeated by distance 1/3 as wide as each mesocoxal cavity. Metathoracic ventrite with median sulcus present as a large, transverse fovea positioned anteriad of posterior margin; metacoxal cavities separated by distance similar to width of each metacoxal cavity. Metendosternite not observed.Legs. Prothoracic and metathoracic legs each slightly longer than mesothoracic legs (mesofemora shortest in comparison), generally similar to those of Diaprepesabbreviatus sec. Elytra. Length/width ratio 1.8; widest near mid region; anterior margins jointly wider than posterior margin of pronotum, slightly sinuate; humeri present, rounded; lateral margins continously rounded, nearly straight in mid region, more strongly converging in along posterior 1/4; posterior edges each with a short, narrowly triangular, ante-apical projection. Elytra in lateral view with dorsal outline subplane along anterior 1/2, thereafter continuously rounded (hence declivity convex), less so along posterior 1/8. Elytra with striae I-IX complete, stria X only apparent along anterior and posterior 1/3; striae similar in width to intervals; punctures separated by distance similar to width of each puncture; intervals slightly and roundly elevated; pale-colored scales and setae covering elytra homogenously, with no maculae apparent.Wings. Present, yet not observed (covered by elytra).Abdomen. Venter with segments III and IV jointed .Male. Unknown.Generic placement.Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] shares with (e.g.) Tropirhinuselegans (Gu\u00e9rin 1847) sec. Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] and Tropirhinuselegans sec. Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] to Tropirhinus [FZ2017].atus FZ207 shares Gu\u00e9rin 187 sec. 4,Tropirhinus [FZ2017] an expanded circumscription in comparison to (e.g.) Tropirhinus sec. Tropirhinusnovemdecimpunctatus (Fabricius 1781) sec. Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] from the other members of Tropirhinus [FZ2017] are frequently homoplasious in this greater lineage of Caribbean entimine weevils  sec. Exophthalmusroseipes (Chevrolat 1876) sec. We thereby assign to see also . MetalliTropirhinus sec. Geonemini Gistel 1856 [non-focal], and this placement is not under taxonomic scrutiny here.Differential diagnosis.Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017], in addition to being extinct and recorded from Dominican amber, is readily distinguished from the extant members of Tropirhinus [FZ2017] by the presence of a small, postocular lobe  and absence of metallic-colored pronotal and elytral maculae. Moreover, the eyes of Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] are more globular and protruded than those of Tropirhinuselegans sec. Tropirhinustredecimpunctutatus (Gu\u00e9rin 1847) sec. Tropirhinusnovemdecimpunctatus sec. Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] shows a smaller, only anteriorly extending pronotal sulcus, in contrast with a larger and more posteriorly extending pronotal impression that is flanked laterally by obtuse, rounded elevations, as present in other members of Tropirhinus [FZ2017]. Members of Pachnaeus sec. Tetrabothynus sec. Compsoricus sec. Exophthalmusquindecimpunctatus sec. Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] in relation to close relatives.The epithet - \"eyelid, wink\"  - refersTropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017] is known only from the examined Dominican amber inclusion  of the Burdigalian time period. The specific mine of origin for this inclusion is unknown.Unknown.Franz & Zhang [FZ2017]sp. n.http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/scan/portal/collections/individual/index.php?occid=25836761urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:92E4FDF2-B9E4-4441-AD74-261EDA89E661Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: ARTSYS0000271; recordNumber: Woodruff #9774; recordedBy: R.E. Woodruff; individualCount: 1; sex: Female; lifeStage: Adult; preparations: Amber inclusion; disposition: USNM, on loan; otherCatalogNumbers: USNM505325; occurrenceID: 08bb94f8-fddc-4506-b454-34e7d27e5343; Taxon: scientificName: Diaprepesanticus; nameAccordingTo: Franz & Zhang 2017; namePublishedIn: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic . Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic ; Record Level: modified: 24/01/2017 18:31; rights: http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/; rightsHolder: United States National Museum; bibliographicCitation: Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Biodiversity Data Journal.Franz, N.M. & G. Zhang. 2017. Three new species of entimine weevils in Early Miocene amber from the Dominican Republic  and legs; scales completely covering elytra, small, subcircular, overlapping, apparently predominatly pale in color though interspersed with green metallic scales, particularly along lateral regions of elytra and on the head and legs; setae short and linear, pale yellow, densely and regularly arranged, particularly on pronotum and elytra where setae are recurvate and directed mesally to posteriorly, setae longer, fine, aurate, and suberect on legs.Mouthparts. Mandibles equilateral, asymmetrical, with 6-10 fine setae of variable length; mandibular scar positioned apicolaterally, projected. Maxillae with maxillary palps 3-segmented. Labium with prementum cordate, equilateral; labial palps apparently 3-segmented.Rostrum. Length 1.45 mm, rostral/pronotal length ratio 0.75, rostral length/width ratio 1.8. Rostrum in dorsal view elongate, dorsolateral margins subparallel and weakly arcuate along posterior 2/3, expanded along anterior 1/3, anterodorsal margin weakly emarginate; epistoma with nasal plate , dorsolaterally positioned, separated by distance slightly shorter than anterior-to-posterior length of each eye; outline in lateral view elliptical , ventral margin less rounded.Thorax. Pronotum in dorsal view equilateral, length/width ratio 1.5 , pronotal/elytral length ratio 0.5; widest near posterior margin, lateral margins continously rounded and posteriorly diverging; surface punctate to foveate, with irregularly spaced and shaped concavities, ranging from subcircular to elongate to arcuate (see Legs. Prothoracic and metathoracic legs each slightly longer than mesothoracic legs (mesofemora shortest in comparison), highly similar to those of Diaprepesabbreviatus sec. Elytra. Length/width ratio 1.5; widest near mid region; anterior margins jointly wider than posterior margin of pronotum , slightly sinuate; humeri present, rounded; lateral margins subparallel along anterior 1/2, therafter gradually and roundly converging, posterior edges narrow, actue, though not projected. Elytra in lateral view with dorsal outline weakly convex along anterior 3/4, thereafter  with weakly angulate, straight declivity. Elytra with striae I-IX complete, stria X only apparent along anterior and posterior 1/3; striae slightly narrower than intervals; punctures separated by distance shorter than or similar to width of each puncture; intervals slightly and roundly elevated, no carinae apparent  since the specimen had its wings extended prior to its preservation in amber; veins RP1 and RP2 apparent  Diaprepesmaugei (Boheman 1840) sec. Diaprepesanticus [FZ2017], Diaprepesfamelicus (Olivier 1790) sec. Diaprepesmarginicollis Chevrolat 1880 sec. Diaprepesmaugei sec. Diaprepesanticus [FZ2017] within Diaprepes [FZ2017].icus FZ207 shares Diaprepes sec. Eustylini Lacordaire 1863 [non-focal], and this placement is not under taxonomic scrutiny here.Differential diagnosis.Diaprepesanticus [FZ2017], in addition to being extinct and recorded from Dominican amber, is readily distinguished from extant members of Diaprepes [FZ2017] by the absence of postocular vibrissae (character 48[0]), the absence of variously extended, rounded, and glabrate elytra carinae (character 64[0]), and the absence of striped elytral regions with intermixed appressed and suberect scales  of the Burdigalian time period. The specific mine of origin for this inclusion is unknown.Unknown.https://github.com/EulerProject/). One novel aspect of the alignments and visualizations is that 3-5 taxonomic concept hierarchies are processed simultaneously, whereas previous analyses were limited to pairwise alignments.We present consistent Region Connection Calculus (RCC-5) alignments and visualizations of current and preceding taxonomic concepts that are relevant to our newly recognized names and entities. The process of generating such alignments is described in detail in ScelianomaFranz and Gir\u00f3n 2009 sec. auctorum.Alignment of   only examined Tropirhinuselegans sec. Tropirhinus sec. um. Fig. , 7, 8, 9DiaprepesSchoenherr 1823 sec. auctorum.Alignment of  , or (3) synonymization of species-level entities within Diaprepes (sec. auctorum), modeled as proper inclusion in our RRC-5 alignment  two immediately predecing concepts Diaprepes sec. Diaprepes sec. Diaprepes sec. Diaprepes sec. Exophthalmus sec. um. Figs , 12, 13.Scelianomacompacta [FZ2017], Tropirhinuspalpebratus [FZ2017], and Diaprepesanticus [FZ2017] suggests that the corresponding weevil lineages are longstanding members of a diversified and specialized West Indian weevil fauna , including Data type: Saved as text file (.txt), though originally in NONA file format (.ss)File: oo_119552.csvFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 2Scelianoma\ufeff Franz and Gir\u00f3n 2009 sec. auctorumEuler/X input data file for the taxonomic concept alignment of \ufeffData type: Euler/X input data file (.txt)Scelianoma sec. 2009, 2012, and 2017.Brief description: Euler/X input data file for the alignment of File: oo_119551.txtFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 3Scelianoma Franz and Gir\u00f3n 2009 sec. auctorumEuler/X output - set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) - taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: Comma separated values file (.csv) with RCC-5 \ufefftaxonomic concept articulationsScelianoma alignmentBrief description: Euler/X output of 16 Maximally Informative Relations inferred for the File: oo_119553.csvFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 4Scelianoma\ufeff Franz and Gir\u00f3n 2009 sec. auctorumEuler/X input visualization - taxonomic concept alignment of \ufeffData type: PDF of Euler/X input visualization for the \ufeffScelianoma\ufeff alignmentFile: oo_119554.pdfFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 5Scelianoma\ufeff Franz and Gir\u00f3n 2009 sec. auctorumEuler/X alignment visualization - taxonomic concept alignment of \ufeffData type: PDF of Euler/X alignment visualization for the \ufeffScelianoma\ufeff alignmentFile: oo_119555.pdfFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 6Tropirhinus Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumEuler/X input data file for the taxonomic concept alignment o\ufefff Data type: Euler/X data input text file (.txt)Tropirhinus sec. 1982, 1999, 2012, and 2017.Brief description: Euler/X input data file for the alignment of File: oo_119556.txtFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 7Euler/X output - set of Maximally Informative Relations (MIR) - taxonomic concept alignment of \ufeffTropirh\ufeffinus\ufeff Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumData type: Comma separated values file (.csv) with RCC-5 taxonomic concept articulationsTropirhinus alignmentBrief description: Euler/X output of 95 Maximally Informative Relations inferred for the File: oo_119558.csvFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 8Tropirhinus Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumEuler/X input visualization - taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: PDF of Euler/X input visualization for the \ufeffTropirhinus\ufeff alignment\ufeffFile: oo_119559.pdfFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 9Euler/X alignment visualization - taxonomic concept alignment of Tr\ufeffopirhinus Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumData type: PDF of Euler/X alignment visualization for the \ufeffTropirhinus\ufeff alignment\ufeffFile: oo_119560.pdfFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 10Diaprepes\ufeff Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumEuler/X input data file for the taxonomic concept alignment of \ufeffData type: Euler/X input data text file (.txt.)Diaprepes sec. 1982, 1999, 2001, 2012, and 2017.Brief description: Euler/X input data file for the alignment of File: oo_119561.txtFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 11Diaprepes Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumEuler/X out - set of Maximally Informative Relation (MIR) - taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: Comma separated values file (.csv) with RCC-5 taxonomic concept articulationsDiaprepes alignmentBrief description: Euler/X output of 2001 Maximally Informative Relations inferred for the File: oo_119562.csvFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 12Diaprepes \ufeffSchoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumEuler/X input visualization - taxonomic concept alignment of \ufeffData type: PDF of Euler/X input visualization for the \ufeffDiaprepes\ufeff alignmentFile: oo_119563.pdfFranz, N.M., Zhang, G.Supplementary material 13Diaprepes Schoenherr 1823 sec. auctorumEuler/X alignment visualization - taxonomic concept alignment of Data type: PDF of Euler/X alignment visualization for the Diaprepes alignmentFile: oo_119564.pdfFranz, N.M., Zhang, G."}
{"text": "The first author in the citation should be Nordlund LM. The correct citation is: Nordlund LM, Koch EW, Barbier EB, Creed JC (2016) Seagrass Ecosystem Services and Their Variability across Genera and Geographical Regions. PLoS ONE 11(10): e0163091. doi:"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2262410.1038/srep22624; published online: 03312016; updated: 08302016In this Article, Figures 5e-j are omitted. The Figure legend is correct. The correct Figure 5 appears below as"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports7: Article number: 41849; 10.1038/srep41849 published online: 02012017; updated: 07102017.Experimental and theoretical results of spontaneous Brillouin scattering (SpBS) in solid silica microfibers have been demonstrated11"}
{"text": "Previous phylogenetic studies involving dengue virus serotype 1 (DENV1) have shown several lineages of genotype V circulating worldwide. After sequencing the complete genome of strains from S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, we identified a list of 50 different amino acids that differ between the two lineages, announced here. Flaviviridae family, in the Flavivirus genus, and is an arbovirus that commonly circulates worldwide (\u2013Dengue virus (DENV) belongs to the orldwide . Brazil orldwide . Specifiorldwide \u20136. In thrldwide \u2013.Flavivirus-gender-specific primers (We studied some positive isolates for DENV1 detected in this city between 2008 and 2014. DENV1 was detected by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), using as a strategy cDNA production by  primers . For thiThe total lengths of the two genomes were 10,699 nucleotides (nt) and 10,917\u00a0nt, with 5\u2032\u20133\u2032 untranslated region (UTR) sequences of 185 to 335\u00a0nt and 202 to 563\u00a0nt, respectively. In the full DENV1 polyprotein, composed of 3,392\u00a0amino acids (aa), 50 characteristic amino acids of each SJRP/DENV1 lineage were observed: C protein, position 95 (Ile/Met); Pr peptide, positions 143  and 203 (Asp/Glu); small envelope protein, position 236 (Lys/Arg); M protein, position 252 (Leu/Phe); envelope protein, positions 618 (Leu/Ser), 674 (Lys/Arg), 708 , and 716 ; nonstructural 1 (NS1) protein, positions 921 (Asp/Gly), 937 (Ile/Gly), 950 (His/Tyr), 999 (Ile/Thr), 1017 , 1022 (Tyr/Phe), and 1068 (Tyr/Asn); nonstructural NS2 protein, positions 1145 (Ile/Met), 1233 , 1266 (Asp/Glu), 1282 , 1283 (Arg/Lys), 1285 (Thr/Ser), 1295 , and 1298 ; serinoprotease NS3 protein, positions 1646 (Thr/Ser), 1656 (Asp/Asn), 1912 (Glu/Asp), and 1949 ; nonstructural NS4A protein, positions 2162  and 2183 (Met/Thr); nonstructural NS4b protein, positions 2261 (His/Tyr), 2264 , 2268 (His/Gln), 2278 (Arg/His), and 2397 (Thr/Ala); and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase NS5 protein, positions 2523 (Lys/Arg), 2628 (Thr/Met), 2863 (Ala/Thr), 3078 (Ser/Asn), 3122 (Ser/Leu), 3133 (Lys/Glu), 3134 (Lys/Arg), 3135 , and 3282 (Thr/Ala).The genetic signatures described herein are being explored in other investigations about biological characteristics of DENV1 lineages.KP188540 (BR/SJRP/287/2011 strain) and KP188543 (BR/SJRP/484/2012 strain). The versions described here are the first versions.These genomes have been deposited in GenBank under accession numbers"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Aberg KC, Doell KC, Schwartz S (2016) Linking Individual Learning Styles to Approach-Avoidance Motivational Traits and Computational Aspects of Reinforcement Learning. PLoS ONE 11(11): e0166675. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct title is: Correlation of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and interleukin-16 (IL-16) levels with disease severity in primary knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study in a Malaysian population. The correct citation is: Das Gupta E, Ng WR, Wong SF, Bhurhanudeen AK, Yeap SS (2017) Correlation of serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and interleukin-16 (IL-16) levels with disease severity in primary knee osteoarthritis: A pilot study in a Malaysian population. PLoS ONE 12(9): e0184802."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports7: Article number: 4629010.1038/srep46290; published online: 04072017; updated: 05222017The original version of this Article incorrectly listed all author names in reverse. The author list now reads:Rocco Piazza, Daniele Ramazzotti, Roberta Spinelli, Alessandra Pirola, Luca De Sano, Pierangelo Ferrari, Vera Magistroni, Nicoletta Cordani, Nitesh Sharma & Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini.The \u2018How to Cite\u2019 section was therefore incorrect, and now reads:et al. OncoScore: a novel, Internet-based tool to assess the oncogenic potential of genes. Sci. Rep. 7, 46290; doi: 10.1038/srep46290 (2017).Piazza, R. In addition, there were typographical errors in affiliations 3, 4 and 5 which now read:Affiliation 3GalSeq s.r.l., via Italia 46, Monza, 20900, Italy.Affiliation 4University of Milano-Bicocca, Dept. of Informatics, Milano, 20125, Italy.Affiliation 5University of New Mexico, Department of Pediatrics, Albuquerque, US.Finally, the Acknowledgments section of this Article was incomplete, where:www.erialcl.net)\u201d.\u201cWe kindly acknowledge the contribution of Michela Viltadi for technical help. This work was supported by Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro 2013 (IG-14249 to C.G.P.), by Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro 2015 (IG-17727 to R.P.), by Fondazione Berlucchi (2014) and by European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks (ITN-ETN) under grant agreement No.: 675712CGP; CGP is a member of the European Research Initiative for ALK-Related Malignancies . N.C. was supported by a Fondazione Umberto Veronesi fellowship 2015\u201d.\u201cWe kindly acknowledge the contribution of Michela Viltadi for technical help. This work was supported by Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro 2013 (IG-14249 to C.G.P.), by Associazione Italiana Ricerca sul Cancro 2015 (IG-17727 to R.P.), by Fondazione Berlucchi (2014) and by European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Innovative Training Networks (ITN-ETN) under grant agreement No.: 675712CGP; CGP is a member of the European Research Initiative for ALK-Related Malignancies (These errors have now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of this Article."}
{"text": "This study compared the short-term efficacies of different chemotherapy regimens in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) through pair-wise and network meta-analyses (NMA). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) identified in a comprehensive online literature search met our inclusion criteria. Direct and indirect evidence was combined to compare odds ratios (OR) and surfaces under the cumulative ranking curves (SUCRA) across the different treatment regimens. Twelve eligible RCTs were finally included, involving eight regimens . The NMA results revealed that in terms of overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), PC  and GC  were more effective against AOC than Carboplatin alone. Similarly, PC , GC  and PLD + Carboplatin  slowed disease progression better than Carboplatin alone. We also found that PC was more efficacious against AOC than Carboplatin or Paclitaxel single-agent chemotherapy. Combination chemotherapy is thus recommended for AOC, and should guide subsequent drug development and treatment strategies. A manual search was also conducted to identify additional potentially relevant references.Inclusion criteria included: (1) study design: randomized controlled trial (RCT); (2) interventions: Carboplatin single-agent chemotherapy, Paclitaxel single-agent chemotherapy, PC, GC, PLD + Carboplatin single-agent chemotherapy, PC + Topotecan, PC + Epirubicin, or DC; (3) study subject: AOC patients aged 19 \u2013 89 years; (4) endpoints: complete response (CR), partial response (PR), overall response rate (ORR), progressive disease (PD), stable disease (SD), and disease control rate (DCR). Exclusion criteria included: (1) studies with insufficient data, such as non-paired studies; (2) non-RCTs; (3) duplicated publications; (4) meeting reports, systematic reviews or abstracts; (5) references irrelevant to AOC; (6) non-English publications; (7) non-human studies; (8) non-drug regimens.RCT data were extracted by independent reviewers using a form designed for this study. Four researchers conducted data extraction; Xi-Ping Jiang and Xiao-Hui Rui were responsible for the extraction of baseline data, while the depth data was extracted by Cai-Xia Guo and Yun Xu. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion with Xi-Ping Jiang, Xiao-Hui Rui, Cai-Xia Guo and Yun Xu. The Cochrane Collaboration's tool was used by more than two of our study authors to assess the risk of bias in each included RCT, including potential sources of bias included random allocation, allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data, selective outcome reporting, and other biases. Each potential bias source was assigned a judgment of \u201cyes\u201d, \u201cno\u201d, or \u201cunclear\u201d for each RCT. Then, the number of \u201cunclear\u201d or \u201cno\u201d judgments was calculated, and each RCT was classified as having a low, high, or unclear risk of bias as follows: 0\u20131, low risk; 2\u20133, moderate risk; \u22654, high risk . Review First, direct comparisons across different treatment arms were performed using a traditional pairwise meta-analysis. Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to pool the estimates of intervention effects. Heterogeneity across different studies was examined using Chi-square and I-square tests . Second,"}
{"text": "AbstractColeoptera from the collection of Count Rudolph von Jenison Walwort, published in 1834, are recorded. For each of these names, the originally included available species are listed and for those with at least one available species included, the type species and current status are provided.All new genus-group names included in Gistel\u2019s list of Auxora , Necrotroctes , Epimachus , Ocys , Hydatobia , Hedonius , Charmionus , Lamprias , Trypheus , Antiphus , Phyletus , Phyllogaster , Pyrrhigius , Erota , Oxypterus , Phyllophagus , Epaphius , Isomerus , Berecyntha , Geophilus , Ceraunus , Atrimedeus , Eupalus , Polycarmes , Acidota , Cecrops , Pythonissus , Physignathus , Pelops , Accantosomus .The following new synonymies are proposed [valid names in brackets]: PageBreakOcys , Hydatobia , Hedonius , Charmionus , Epaphius , Geophilus , Atrimedeus , Polycarmes , Cecrops , Pythonissus , Ceratades .The type species of the following genus-group taxa are proposed: nomina oblita [nomina protecta in square brackets]: Berecyntha , Ceraunus , Atrimedeus , Eupalus , Pelops .The following genus-group names are declared  Gistel [1809\u20131873], also spelled Gistl, was an enigmatic and controversial man. Die Insecten-Doubletten aus der Sammlung des Herrn Grafen Rudolph von Jenison Walworth.\u201d The 36-page booklet is a list of duplicate beetles in the collection of Count Rudolph von Jenison Walworth [1778\u20131835] of Regensburg offered for purchase or exchange  of the first volume of his journal \u201cFaunus. Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Zoologie und vergleichende Anatomie.\u201d This Heft was issued before 16 August 1834 as it was recorded in Die Bayer\u2019sche Landb\u00f6tin No 98 (p. 802) on this date. Necrobius is therefore excluded from the list below.One genus mentioned in Gistel\u2019s work is ecrobius : 14, a jCychramus (p. 15) and Heliophilus (p. 21) are credited to himself. It is quite obvious that Gistel made lapses regarding authorship of these names since they were established for the same species by In Gistel\u2019s booklet, the generic names Macropterum is credited to nomen dubium [Staphylinidae: Proteininae: Proteinini] by The genus Hammionus was first used as valid by Campylus Fischer von Waldheim, 1821 and by Elaterbructeri Panzer, 1795  by subsequent designation  and a senior objective synonym of Pheletes Kiesenwetter, 1858 [Elateridae: Dendrometrinae: Dendrometrini: Dendrometrina] (fideThe genus-group name ignation : 109. Hana] fide: 166.CamplirhynchusCampylirhynchusMeg.\u201d) since both names were used, in part, for the same species.PageBreakAuxora Gistel, 1834b: 3Nebriaheydenii Dejean, 1831 (as \u201cheidenii Par. Ins. Jon.\u201d).Originally included available species: Nebriaheydenii Dejean, 1831 by monotypy.Type species: Nebria Latreille, 1806 [Carabidae: Nebriinae: Nebriini] (new synonymy).Current status: junior synonym of LymnaeusDytiscusfuscus Linnaeus, 1758 (as \u201cfuscus Fab.\u201d); Dytiscusstriatus Linnaeus, 1758 (as \u201cstriatus id. [Fab.]\u201d); Dytiscusdolabratus Paykull, 1798 (as \u201cdolobratus Pay.\u201d).Originally included available species: Dytiscusdolabratus Paykull, 1798 by subsequent designation  not in prevailing usage.Note: Gistel\u2019s name is not a junior homonym of Cuvier\u2019s \u201cHydatobiusDytiscusoblongus Illiger, 1801.Originally included available species: Dytiscusoblongus Illiger, 1801  by monotypy.Type species: Liopterus Dejean, 1833 [Dytiscidae: Copelatinae] ; Dytiscusagilis Fabricius, 1792; Dytiscusadspersus Panzer, 1796 (as \u201cadspersusid. [Fab.]\u201d).Originally included available species: Dytiscusagilis Fabricius, 1792  by subsequent designation .Originally included available species: Gyrinusvillosus O.F. M\u00fcller, 1776 by monotypy.Type species: PageBreakOrectochilus Dejean, 1833 [Gyrinidae: Gyrininae: ] .Current status: junior objective synonym of Aemulus Gistel, 1834b: 8Staphylinuslateralis Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusfuliginosus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusmolochinus Gravenhorst, 1806; Staphylinusnitidus Fabricius, 1787; Staphylinusscitus Gravenhorst, 1806; Staphylinusimpressus Panzer, 1796 (as \u201cimpressusGra.\u201d); Staphylinusboops Gravenhorst, 1802.Originally included available species: Staphylinusfuliginosus Gravenhorst, 1802 by subsequent designation ; Staphylinussplendens Fabricius, 1792; Staphylinuslaminatus Creutzer, 1799 (as \u201claminatusGra.\u201d); Staphylinusaeneus Rossi, 1790 (as \u201caeneusid. [Gra.]\u201d); Staphylinusmetallicus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinuscephalotes Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusdecorus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinuspolitus Linnaeus, 1758 (as \u201cpolitusFab.\u201d); Staphylinusatratus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinuscarbonarius Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusebeninus Gravenhorst, 1802 (as \u201cebeneninus Gra.\u201d); Staphylinusvarians Paykull, 1789 (as \u201cvariansGyll.\u201d); Staphylinusvarius Gyllenhal, 1810; Staphylinusimmundus Gravenhorst, 1806 (as \u201cimmundusGyll.\u201d); Staphylinusfuscus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinussanguinolentus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusbipustulatus Linnaeus sensu Panzer, 1795 (as \u201cbipustulatusFab.\u201d) ; Staphylinusbimaculatus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusfulvipes Fabricius, 1792 (as \u201cfulvipes Gra.\u201d); Staphylinustenuis Fabricius, 1792 (as \u201ctenuisid. [Gra.]\u201d); Staphylinusfimetarius Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusagilis Gravenhorst, 1806; Staphylinussplendidulus Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusaterrimus Gravenhorst, 1802.Originally included available species: Staphylinussplendens Fabricius, 1792 by subsequent designation .Originally included available species: fracticornisPaederus  Paykull, 1800 by monotypy.Type species: Epimachus Cuvier, 1817 (Aves); junior objective synonym of Ochthephilum Stephens, 1829 [Staphylinidae: Paederinae: Cryptobiina] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of fracticornisGra. Bav.\u201d Staphylinusfracticornis Paykull, 1790 \u201d).Originally included available species: Staphylinusarenarius Paykull, 1800  by subsequent designation ; junior objective synonym of Acidota Stephens, 1829 [Staphylinidae: Omaliinae: Anthophagini] .Originally included available species: Staphylinusdepressus Paykull, 1789 by monotypy.Type species: Megarthrus Stephens, 1829 [Staphylinidae: Proteininae: Proteinini] ; Staphylinusanalis Fabricius sensu Gravenhort, 1802  ; Staphylinusmerdarius Fabricius, 1775; Oxyporusmelanocephalus Fabricius, 1792 Originally included available species: Megacronuscastaneus Stephens, 1832 fixed by Staphylinusanalis Fabricius, 1787 in the original designation by Type species: Bolitobius Leach, 1819 [Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae: Mycetoporini] ; junior objective synonym of Dinarda Leach, 1819 [Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Oxypodini: Dinardina] ; senior objective synonym of Anaulacaspis Ganglbauer, 1895 [Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Falagriini] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Hydatobia Gistel, 1834b: 10Aleochararivularis Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinusimpressus Olivier, 1795 (\u201cas impressa id. [Gra.]\u201d).Originally included available species: Staphylinusimpressus Olivier, 1795 by present designation.Type species: Autalia Samouelle, 1819 [Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Autaliini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Charytonia Gistel, 1834b: 10Buprestischrysis Fabricius, 1775; Buprestissternicornis Linnaeus, 1758 (as \u201csternicornisid. [Fab.]\u201d).Originally included available species: Buprestischrysis Fabricius, 1775 by subsequent designation ; Buprestishirta Linnaeus, 1758 (as \u201chirtaid. [Fab.]\u201d); Buprestisvulnerata Perty, 1830.Originally included available species: Buprestisfascicularis Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation ; Buprestistaeniata Fabricius, 1787; Buprestiscylindrica Fabricius, 1775; Buprestisgibbosa Olivier, 1790 (as \u201cgibbosaid. [Fab.]\u201d).Originally included available species: Buprestisornata Fabricius, 1775 by subsequent designation .Originally included available species: Buprestisvittata Fabricius, 1775 by subsequent designation .Originally included available species: Buprestisgigantea Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.Type species: Archonta de Montfort, 1810 (Mollusca); junior objective synonym of Euchroma Dejean, 1833 [Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae: : ] .Originally included available species: Buprestisamoena Kirby, 1819 by subsequent designation  and Polydora Oken, 1816 (Annelida); junior objective synonym of Conognatha Eschscholtz, 1829 [Buprestidae: Buprestinae: ] ; Buprestistenebrionis Linnaeus, 1761 (as \u201cTenebrionis id. [Fab.]\u201d); Buprestistenebricosa Olivier, 1790 (as \u201ctenebricosaid. [Fab.]\u201d).Originally included available species: Buprestistenebrionis Linnaeus, 1761 by subsequent designation ; junior subjective synonym of Capnodis Eschscholtz, 1829 [Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae: Dicercini: Dicercina] ; Buprestiscalcarata Fabricius, 1801; Buprestisalni Fischer von Waldheim, 1824 (as \u201cVar. Alni Meg.\u201d); Buprestisacuminata Pallas, 1781 (as \u201cacuminataFab.\u201d).Originally included available species: Buprestismoesta Fabricius, 1792 by subsequent designation ; Buprestispunctata Fabricius, 1787; Buprestisflavopuncta DeGeer, 1774 (as \u201cflavomaculata id. [Fab.]\u201d); Buprestisoctoguttata Linnaeus, 1758 (as \u201coctoguttataid. [Fab.]\u201d).Originally included available species: Buprestisrustica Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation , an unjustified emendation for Lina Latreille, 1829; junior objective synonym of Ancylocheira Eschscholtz, 1829 [Buprestidae: Buprestinae: Buprestini: Buprestina] .Originally included available species: Buprestisangularis Dalman, 1817 by monotypy.Type species: Pelecopselaphus Solier, 1833 . A new name is needed for the lepidopteran generic name.Note: Lycaste Gistel, 1834b: 10Buprestisporcata Fabricius, 1775.Originally included available species: Buprestisporcata Fabricius, 1775 by monotypy.Type species: Polycesta Dejean, 1833 [Buprestidae: Polycestinae: Polycestini: ] ; Buprestisaffinis Fabricius, 1794.Originally included available species: Buprestischrysostigma Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation ; Elaterfulvipes Herbst, 1806; Elatercastanipes Paykull, 1800; Elaterniger Linnaeus sensu Fabricius, 1792 (as \u201cnigerFab.\u201d).Originally included available species: Elaterniger Linnaeus sensu Fabricius, 1792  by subsequent designation ; Elaterphosphoreus Linnaeus, 1758; Elaterignitus Fabricius, 1787; Elaterluminosus Illiger, 1807.Originally included available species: Elaternoctilucus Linnaeus, 1758 by present designation.Type species: Pyrophorus Billberg, 1820 [Elateridae: Agrypninae: Pyrophorini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Charmionus Gistel, 1834b: 11Elatersulcatus Fabricius, 1777; Elaterporcatus Linnaeus, 1767 (as \u201cporcatus id. [Fab.]\u201d); Elaterstriatus Linnaeus, 1767 (as \u201cstriatus id. [Fab.]\u201d); Elatervirens Fabricius, 1787.Originally included available species: Elaterporcatus Linnaeus, 1767 by present designation.Type species: Chalcolepidius Eschscholtz, 1829 [Elateridae: Agrypninae: Hemirhipini] (new synonym).Current status: junior subjective synonym of Lamprias Gistel, 1834b: 11Elateroculatus Linnaeus, 1758 (as \u201coculatusFab.\u201d).Originally included available species: Elateroculatus Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.Type species: Lamprias Dejean, 1825 (Coleoptera: Carabidae); junior objective synonym of Alaus Eschscholtz, 1829 [Elateridae: Agrypninae: Hemirhipini] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Gripus Gistel, 1834b: 11Elaterrufus Fabricius, 1792; Elaterrhombeus Olivier, 1790; Elaterundulatus DeGeer, 1774 (as \u201cundulatusPay.\u201d); Elaterscrutator Herbst, 1806; Elatertestaceus Fabricius sensu Paykull, 1800 ; Elaterhirtus Herbst, 1784; Elateraterrimus Linnaeus, 1761 (as \u201caterrimus Fab.\u201d); Elaterprocerus Illiger, 1807; Elaterlongicollis Olivier, 1790 (as \u201clongicollisFab.\u201d); Elatersuturalis Panzer, 1795; Elatermarginatus Linnaeus sensu Paykull, 1800 ; Elaterhaemorrhoidalis Fabricius, 1801; Elaterruficadis Gyllenhal, 1808 (as \u201cruficaudis Gyll.\u201d); Elaterinunctus Panzer, 1795; Elatervittatus Fabricius, 1792; Elatersubfuscus Gyllenhal, 1808.Originally included available species: Elatervittatus Fabricius, 1792 by subsequent designation .Originally included available species: Elaterlinearis Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation ; Elaterdiscicollis Herbst, 1806; Elaterbiguttatus Olivier, 1790 (as \u201cbiguttatusFab.\u201d); Elatertestaceus Fabricius, 1792; Elaterequiseti Herbst, 1784; Elaterlateralis Fabricius, 1794; Elateradvena Fabricius, 1787; Elaterrufipes Fabricius, 1792.Originally included available species: Elaterthoracicus Fabricius, 1775  by subsequent designation  and Melanotus Dejean, 1831 (Coleoptera: Carabidae); junior subjective synonym of Cardiophorus Eschscholtz, 1829 [Elateridae: Cardiophorinae] ; Elaterquadripustulatus Fabricius, 1792.Originally included available species: Elaterriparius Fabricius, 1792 by subsequent designation .Current status: junior subjective synonym of PageBreakEpistrophus Gistel, 1834b: 12Elaterbimaculatus Rossi, 1790 (as \u201cbimaculatus Fab.\u201d).Originally included available species: Elaterbimaculatus Rossi, 1790 by monotypy.Type species: Drasterius Eschscholtz, 1829 [Elateridae: Conoderinae: Conoderini] .Originally included available species: Elaterferrugineus Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.Type species: Elater Linnaeus, 1758 [Elateridae: Elaterinae: Elaterini] .Current status: junior subjective synonym of Anchialus Gistel, 1834b: 12nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Lepidotus Gistel, 1834b: 12Elaterpilosus Fabricius, 1792; Elatervilis Herbst, 1806 (as \u201cvilisIll.\u201d); Elatergilvellus Dufour, 1824 (as \u201cgilvellusZieg.\u201d); Elatersegetis Bjerkander, 1779 (as \u201cSegetis Gyll.\u201d); Elatervariabilis Fabricius, 1792; Elatersputator Linnaeus, 1758 (as \u201csputatorFab.\u201d).Originally included available species: Elatersputator Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation  and Lepidotus Stephens, 1830 (Coleoptera: Elateridae); junior objective synonym of Agriotes Eschscholtz, 1829 [Elateridae: Elaterinae: Agriotini: Agriotina] ; Elaterfugax Fabricius, 1801.Originally included available species: Elaterbrunneus Linnaeus, 1758 by subsequent designation .Originally included available species: Cantharissanguineus Linnaeus, 1758 by monotypy.Type species: Lygistopterus Dejean, 1833 [Lycidae: Lycinae: Calochromini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Homalysus Gistel, 1834b: 12 Omalisus Geoffroy, 1762 [Omalisidae] and therefore a junior objective synonym of Omalisus Geoffroy, 1762.Note: This name is an unjustified emendation for Phyllogaster Gistel, 1834b: 13Lampyrislaticornis Fabricius, 1792.Originally included available species: Lampyrislaticornis Fabricius, 1792  by monotypy.Type species: Lucidota Laporte, 1833 [Lampyridae: Lampyrinae: Lucidotini: Lucidotina] (new synonym).Current status: junior subjective synonym of Pyrrhigius Gistel, 1834b: 13Lampyrishemipterus Geoffroy, 1762 (as \u201chemipterusFab.\u201d).Originally included available species: Lampyrishemipterus Geoffroy, 1762 by monotypy.Type species: Phosphaenus Laporte, 1833 [Lampyridae: Lampyrinae: Lucidotini: ] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Erota Gistel, 1834b: 13Lampyrisitalica Linnaeus, 1767 .Originally included available species: Lampyrisitalica Linnaeus, 1767 by monotypy.Type species: Luciola Laporte, 1833 [Lampyridae: Luciolinae: Luciolini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of PageBreakOxypterus Gistel, 1834b: 13Lampyrismaculata DeGeer, 1774 (as \u201cmaculatus Fab.\u201d).Originally included available species: Lampyrismaculata DeGeer, 1774 by monotypy.Type species: Oxypterus Rafinesque, 1814  and Oxypterus Fleming, 1822 (Aves); junior subjective synonym of Aspisoma Laporte, 1833 [Lampyridae: Lampyrinae: Cratomorphini] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Fab.\u201d  and \u201c4-punctulatus Pty.\u201d The first species is conditionally included in the genus and therefore is not an originally included species .Originally included available species: Telephorusxanthomelas Perty, 1830 by monotypy.Type species: Chauliognathus Hentz, 1830 [Cantharidae: Chauliognathinae: ] (new synonym).Current status: junior subjective synonym of Cantharisxanthomelas which, based on Telephorusxanthomelas Perty, 1830. The second species mentioned by Phyllophagus (\u201cdichrous Pty.\u201d) is a nomen nudum.Note: Epaphius Gistel, 1834b: 13Dasytesvariegatus Germar, 1823; Anobiumlineatum Fabricius, 1775; Dasytesantis Perty, 1830 (as \u201cantisid. [Fab.]\u201d).Originally included available species: Dasytesvariegatus Germar, 1823 by present designation.Type species: Epaphius Samouelle, 1819 (Coleoptera: Carabidae); senior subjective synonym of Astylus Laporte, 1836 [Melyridae: Melyrinae: ] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Odontomerus Gistel, 1834b: 13nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Isomerus Gistel, 1834b: 14Cholevaoblonga Latreille, 1806.Originally included available species: Cholevaoblonga Latreille, 1806 by monotypy.Type species: Choleva Latreille, 1797 [Leiodidae: Cholevinae: Cholevini: ] (new synonym).Current status: junior subjective synonym of PageBreakBerecyntha Gistel, 1834b: 15Erotylusquadripustulatus Fabricius, 1801.Originally included available species: Erotylusquadripustulatus Fabricius, 1801 by monotypy.Type species: Aulacochilus Chevrolat, 1836 [Erotylidae: Erotylinae: Encaustini] (new synonym).Current status: senior objective synonym of Berecyntha has not been used as a valid name after 1899 and Aulacochilus has been used for a particular taxon in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (see Appendix 1). Accordingly, following Article 23.9 ; Scarabeusasper Fabricius, 1775; Scarabaeusporcatus Fabricius, 1775; Scarabaeuscaesus Creutzer, 1796 (as caesusid. [Fab.]\u201d).Originally included available species: Scarabeusasper Fabricius, 1775 by present designation.Type species: Geophilus Leach, 1814 (Chilopoda); junior objective synonym of Psammodius Fall\u00e9n, 1807 [Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae: Psammodiini] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Ceraunus Gistel, 1834b: 18Scarabaeusaegeon Drury, 1773.Originally included available species: Scarabaeusaegeon Drury, 1773 by monotypy.Type species: Golofa Hope, 1837 [Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Dynastini] (new synonym).Current status: senior subjective synonym of Ceraunus has not been used as a valid name after 1899 and Golofa has been used for a particular taxon in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (see Appendix 2). Accordingly, following Article 23.9 .Originally included available species: Scarabaeuspunctatus Villers, 1789 by present designation.Type species: PageBreakPentodon Hope, 1837 [Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini] (new synonym).Current status: senior objective synonym of Atrimedeus has not been used as a valid name after 1899 and Pentodon has been used for a particular taxon in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (see Appendix 3). Accordingly, following Article 23.9 .Current status: junior objective synonym of ion 1838 ; senior Eupalus has not been used as a valid name after 1899 and Temnorhynchus has been used for a particular taxon in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (see Appendix 4). Accordingly, following Article 23.9 ; Melolonthaaustralis Gyllenhal, 1817 ; Melolonthapilosa Fabricius, 1792; Melolonthavillosa Fabricius, 1781.Originally included available species: Melolonthavillosa Fabricius, 1781 by present designation.Type species: Anoxia Laporte, 1832 [Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Melolonthini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Polycarmes Gistel, 1834 is a senior homonym of Polycarmes St\u00e5l, 1867, currently a valid genus in Hemiptera (Pentatomidae). A new name is needed for the hemipteran generic name.Note: Eurytes Gistel, 1834b: 19Schizonycha Dejean, 1833 [Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Melolonthini] and not treated as valid subsequently. Therefore Eurytes Gistel, 1834 is a nomen nudum.Note: This name was proposed as a junior synonym of PageBreakHylecharis Gistel, 1834b: 19nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Phaedinus Gistel, 1834b: 19nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Sogines Gistel, 1834b: 19nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Demophila Gistel, 1834b: 19Melolonthastrigosa Illiger, 1803 but in the errata (p. [36]) mentioned to replace Demophila with \u201cHymenoptia Esch.\u201d  [Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Sericini] and to add \u201cH. bifrons Esch. Californ.\u201d to this genus. Therefore Gistel\u2019s Demophila is a nomen nudum.Note: Gistel proposed this name for Nefaria Gistel, 1834b: 19nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Acidota Gistel, 1834b: 19Melolonthaabdominalis Fabricius, 1792.Originally included available species: Melolonthaabdominalis Fabricius, 1792 by monotypy.Type species: Acidota Stephens, 1829 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae); junior objective synonym of Amphicoma Latreille, 1807 [Glaphyridae: ] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Erymantis Gistel, 1834b: 19nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Ostracodermus Gistel, 1834b: 20nomen nudum.Originally included available species: none. Therefore this name is a Cecrops Gistel, 1834b: 21Tenebriogigas Linnaeus, 1763; Upismaxima Germar, 1823.Originally included available species: Tenebriogigas Linnaeus, 1763 by present designation.Type species: PageBreakMylaris Pallas, 1781 [Tenebrionidae: Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Pythonissus Gistel, 1834b: 21Helopsmorio Fabricius, 1777; Tenebrioelongatus Palisot de Beauvois, 1817.Originally included available species: Helopsmorio Fabricius, 1777  by present designation.Type species: Zophobas Dejean, 1834 [Tenebrionidae: Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini] (new synonym).Current status: junior objective synonym of Physignathus Gistel, 1834b: 22Helopsundatus Fabricius, 1792.Originally included available species: Helopsundatus Fabricius, 1792  by monotypy.Type species: Physignathus Cuvier, 1829 (Reptilia); junior objective synonym of Cymatothes Dejean, 1834 [Tenebrionidae: Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini] (new synonym).Current status: junior homonym of Pelops Gistel, 1834b: 22Helopsater Fabricius, 1775.Originally included available species: Helopsater Fabricius, 1775 by monotypy.Type species: Prionychus Solier, 1835 [Tenebrionidae: Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina] (new synonym).Current status: senior objective synonym of Pelops has not been used as a valid name after 1899 and Prionychus has been used for a particular taxon in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (see Appendix 5). Accordingly, following Article 23.9 ; junior objective synonym of Mesosa Latreille, 1829 [Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Mesosini] .Originally included available species: Elaterligneus Linnaeus, 1763 by monotypy.Type species: Semiotus Eschscholtz, 1829 [Elateridae: Semiotinae] (new synonym).Current status: junior subjective synonym of"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number:2419410.1038/srep24194; published online: 04132016; updated: 10032016In this Article, the legend of Figure 3 is incorrect:Grand averaged event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited at the midline, lateral electrodes during small split and medium split arithmetic.Should read:Grand averaged event-related potentials (ERPs) elicited at the midline, lateral electrodes during middle split and large split arithmetic."}
{"text": "The correct title is: Continental synchronicity of human influenza virus epidemics despite climatic variation. The correct citation is: Geoghegan JL, Saavedra AF, Duch\u00eane S, Sullivan S, Barr I, Holmes EC (2018) Continental synchronicity of human influenza virus epidemics despite climatic variation. PLoS Pathog 14(1): e1006780."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports7: Article number: 46146; 10.1038/srep46146 published online: 04102017; updated: 06262017.This Article contains an error in Figure 6B, where the first sample of wt mouse for p-Akt (Thr308) should have been omitted. The correct Figure 6 appears below as"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports7: Article number: 4656010.1038/srep46560; published online: 04252016; updated: 06302017et al. Reduced cerebrospinal fluid ethanolamine concentration in major depressive disorder. Sci Rep5, 7796, doi: 10.1038/srep07796 (2015).\u201d The correct reference 51 appears below.The original version of this Article contained an error in the reference list, where reference 51 was incorrectly listed as \u201cOgawa, S. This has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of this Article."}
{"text": "Blueberry cultivars require a fixed quantity of chilling hours during winter endo-dormancy for vernalization. In this study, transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing data from nonchilled, chilled, and late pink buds of southern highbush blueberry \u2018Legacy\u2019 was performed to reveal genes associated with chilling accumulation and bud break.FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) did not show a differential expression in chilled flower buds (compared to nonchilled flower bud) but were up-regulated in late-pink buds (compared to chilled flower bud). Orthologoues of major MADS-box genes were significantly up-regulated in chilled flower buds and down-regulated in late-pink buds. Functional orthologues of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) were not found in blueberry. Orthologues of Protein FD (FD), TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1), and LEAFY (LFY) were down-regulated in chilled flower buds and in late-pink buds compared to nonchilled flower bud.Fully chilled \u2018Legacy\u2019 plants flowered normally whereas nonchilled plants could not flower. Compared to nonchilled flower buds, chilled flower buds showed differential expression of 89% of flowering pathway genes, 86% of MADS-box genes, and 84% of cold-regulated genes. Blueberry orthologues of FT, FD, TFL1, LFY, and MADS-box genes are the major genes involved in chilling-mediated blueberry bud-break. The results contribute to the comprehensive investigation of the vernalization-mediated flowering mechanism in woody plants.The changes from nonchilled to chilled and chilled to late-pink buds are associated with transcriptional changes in a large number of differentially expressed (DE) phytohormone-related genes and DE flowering pathway genes. The profile of DE genes suggests that orthologues of The online version of this article (10.1186/s12870-018-1311-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. Winter dormancy (endo-dormancy) is essential for deciduous fruit crop survival , 2. Unde, 2.3\u00a0days/decade in temperate Europe) and increased temperature fluctuation  (n\u2009=\u20093).Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc.  [vs nonchilled flower buds (NB)] and late-pink buds (LPB) (vs CB) in \u2018Legacy\u2019. LogFC for chilled buds: Log2(CB/NB). LogFC for late-pink buds: Log2(LPB/CB). Except #N/A , all the rest are DE genes. (XLSX 23 kb)Additional file 2:Table S1. DE floral genes in chilled flower buds (CB) [vs nonchilled flower buds (NB)] and late-pink buds (LPB) (vs CB) in \u2018Legacy\u2019. LogFC for chilled buds: Log2(CB/NB). LogFC for late-pink buds: Log2(LPB/CB). #N/A: no differential expression. (XLSX 140 kb)Additional file 3:Table S3. DE phytohormones in chilled flower buds(CB) [vs nonchilled flower buds (NB)] and late-pink buds (LPB) (vs CB) in \u2018Legacy\u2019. LogFC for chilled buds: Log2(CB/NB). LogFC for late-pink buds: Log2(LPB/CB). Except #N/A , all the rest are DE genes. (XLSX 401 kb)Additional file 4:Table S4. Primers used in this study. (DOCX 54 kb)"}
{"text": "Dasypus is the most speciose genus of the order Cingulata, including approximately 40% of known living armadillos. Nine species are currently recognized, although comprehensive analyses of the entire genus have never been done. Our aim is to revise the taxonomy of the long-nosed armadillos and properly define the taxa. We examined 2126 specimens of Dasypus preserved in 39 different museum collections, including 17 type specimens. Three complementary methods were applied to explore morphological datasets both qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative morphological variation in discrete characters was assessed by direct observations of specimens. Linear morphometric variation was based on external data and cranial measurements of 887 adult skulls. The shape and size of the skull was abstracted through two-dimensional geometric morphometric analyses of dorsal, lateral and ventral views of respectively 421, 211, and 220 adult specimens. Our results converge on the recognition of eight living species , and three subspecies of D. septemcinctus . Information on type material, diagnosis, distribution, and taxonomic comments for each taxon are provided. We designate a lectotype for D. novemcinctus; and a neotype for Loricatus hybridus (= D. septemcinctus hybridus). Dasypus is the most speciose genus of the order Cingulata, including approximately 40% of living known armadillo species  novemcinctus (= D. novemcinctus) as its type species by monotypy. Other names available, but barely used, are Cataphractus Storr, 1780, Loricatus Desmarest, 1804, and Cachicamus McMutrie, 1831 (see synonymy for the complete list).innaeus  Dasypus, Chlamyphorus, Priodontes and Tatusia. The first included only Dasypus encoubert Desmarest, 1822 ). The name Tatusia was clearly based on \u201cTatusies\u201d of Cuvier , and D. novemcinctus into Dasypus, while allocating Dasypus sexcinctus (= Euphractus sexcinctus) into the new genus Euphractus.Lesson  Cuvier Tatu were largely followed by subsequent authors Dasypus as currently constituted has long been debated. Burmeister . Gray ear the confluence of Rio Madre de Dios with Rio Beni, Victoria, Bolivia\u201d .olivia\u201d  Diagnosis:D. beniensis is easily distinguished by a forefoot with an externally visible fifth digit, by the absence of a well-defined occipital lobe on the cephalic shield, an angular emargination of the anterior margin of the scapular shield, enlarged projecting scales at the knee, rough scales on the pelvic shield, and flattened scales in the proximal rings of the tail, a smoothly inclined lateral palatine crest, a convex posterior margin of the palatine, a well-developed and smoothly curved lacrimal bone, and a pentagonal, weakly developed tentorial process of the parietals , which was followed without comment by all subsequent authors, including Wetzel and Mondolfi . k[appleri]. peruvianus L\u00f6nnberg, 1928:10; type locality \u201cRoque in Eastern Peru, S.E. of Moyobamba at an altitude of about 1030 m.,\u201d San Martin, Peru.Dasypus pastasae: Sanborn, 1929:258; name combinationType: The holotype (BM 80.5.6.71) determined by Thomas . [p]eba: Burmeister, 1848:199; not Dasypus peba Desmarest, 1822Dasypus kappleri Krauss, 1862:20; original descriptionDasypus pentadactylus Peters, 1864:179; type locality \u201cGuiana\u201d; name based on a specimen identified by Cabanis Praopus kappleri: Gray, 1873:16; name combinationTatusia kappleri: Thomas, 1880:402; name combination[Tatusia (Tatusia)] kappleri: Trouessart, 1898: 1139; name combination[Tatusia (Tatusia)] pentadactylus: Trouessart, 1898: 1140; name combinationT[atu]. Kappleri: Thomas, 1901:371; name combination[Tatus (Tatus)] kappleri: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination[Tatus (Tatus)] pentadactylus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combinationDasypus [(Hyperoambon)] kappleri: Wetzel and Mondolfi, 1979:56; name combination.Type: Krauss  novemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758:51; original description.Tatus minor Fermin, 1769:110; unavailable name  Novemcincta: Blumenbach, 1779:74; name combination.Dasypus longicaudatus Kerr, 1792:112; type locality \u201cAmerica\u201dDasypus novenxinctus Peale and Palisot de Beauvois, 1796:18; incorrect subsequent spelling of Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus.Dasypus longicaudatus Daudin in Lac\u00e9p\u00e8de, 1802:173; no locality given; based on Buffon\u2019s \u201cLe tatou \u00e0 longue queue\u201d .\u201dDasypus decumanus Illiger, 1815:108; nomen nudum.Dasypus decumanus Olfers, 1818:219; nomen nudum.T[atus]. niger Olfers, 1818:220; type localities \u201cParaguay, Brasilien\u201d; preoccupied by Loricatus niger Desmarest.Dasypus niger Lichtenstein, 1818:20; type locality not given; based on D. novemcinctus Linnaeus; therefore, the type locality is \u201cPernambuco, Brazil\u201d (lectotype designated here); preoccupied by Loricatus niger Desmarest.Dasypus peba Desmarest, 1822:368; type localities \u201cLe Br\u00e9sil, le Guyane, le Paraguay\u2026On ne le trouve pas dans la province de Buenos-Ayres.\u201dDasypus longicaudus Schinz, 1824:253; in synonymy, unavailable name.D[asypus]. longicaudus Wied-Neuwied, 1826:531; type locality \u201cIn den Waldern am Mucuri\u201d; identified by \u00c1vila-Pires  Tatusia peba: Lesson, 1827:311; name combinationDasypus [(Cachicamus)] novemcinctus: McMurtrie, 1831:163; name combination.Dasypus uroceras Lund, 1839[1841]:pl. 12, D[asypus] uroceros Burmeister, 1848:199; incorrect subsequent spelling of Dasypus uroceras Lund.Praopus longicaudatus Burmeister, 1854:298; name combinationCachicamus novemcinctus Degland, 1854:125; name combinationDasypus pepa Krauss, 1862:19; incorrect subsequent spelling of Dasypus peba Desmarest.D[asypus]. Longicaudatus Peters, 1864:179; incorrect subsequent spelling of Dasypus longicaudus Wied-Neuwied; not D. longicaudatus Kerr.D[asypus]. longicaudatus Peters, 1864:179; incorrect subsequent spelling of Dasypus longicaudus Wied-Neuwied; not D. longicaudatus Kerr.Dasypus fenestratus Peters, 1864:180; type locality \u201cCosta Rica\u201d; restricted to San Jos\u00e9, Costa Rica by Wetzel and Mondolfi .Dasypus novemcinctus var. Mexicanus Peters, 1864:180; type locality \u201cMexico\u201d; restricted to Colima, Mexico, by Bailey ;llister Dasypus mexicanus: Fitzinger, 1871:332; name combination.Dasypus Lundii Fitzinger, 1871:340; type locality \u201cBrasilien.\u201d.Tatusia platycercus Hensel, 1872:105; type locality \u201cUrwald von Rio Grande do Sul,\u201d Brazil.Tatusia mexicana: Gray, 1873:14; name combination.Tatusia granadiana Gray, 1873:14; type locality \u201cConcordia,\u201d Antioquia, ColombiaTatusia leptorhynchus Gray, 1873:15; type locality \u201cGuatemala\u201d.Tatusia brevirostris Gray, 1873:15; type localities \u201cRio de Janeiro,\u201d Brazil, and \u201cBolivia\u201d; type locality not restricted to Rio de Janeiro by Wetzel and Mondolfi ,ondolfi ] novem-cincta: Trouessart, 1898:1139; name combination[Tatusia (Tatusia)] platycercus: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatusia (Tatusia)] brevirostris: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatusia (Tatusia)] leptocephala: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatusia (Tatusia)] boliviensis: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatusia (Tatusia)] granadiana: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.Tatua novemcincta: Robinson and Lyon, 1901:161; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] novem-cinctus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] platycercus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] brevirostris: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] leptocephalus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] boliviensis: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] granadianus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.Tatu novemcinctum texanum Bailey, 1905:52; type locality \u201cBrownsville, Texas\u201d.Tatusia novemcincta var. mexianae Hagmann, 1908:29; type locality \u201cInsel Mexiana,\u201d Par\u00e1, Brazil.Dasypus boliviensis: Grandidier and Neveu-Lemaire, 1908:5; type locality \u201cenvirons d\u2019Uyuni,\u201d Potos\u00ed, Bolivia; preoccupied by Tatusia boliviensis Gray.Dasypus novemcinctus hoplites Allen, 1911:195; type locality \u201chills back of Gouyave, island of Grenada\u201d, Lesser Antilles.Dasypus novemcinctus aequatorialis L\u00f6nnberg, 1913:34; type locality \u201cPeruchu, altitude 7\u20139,000 feet,\u201d Pichincha, Ecuador.D[asypus]. longi-cauda Larr\u00e3naga, 1923:343; type locality \u201cprovincial paracuarensi\u201d; based on Azara\u2019s D[asypus]. brevirostris: Yepes, 1933:230; name combination.Dasypus novemcinctus davisi Russell, 1953:21; type locality \u201cHuitzilac, 8500 feet, Morelos, Mexico\u201d.Type: Linnaeus [Dasypus novemcinctus on five references: \u201cMus[eum]. Ad[olph]. Fr[idericianu]. 6; Syst[ema]. nat[urae]. 6; Seb[a]. mus. I. p. 45 t. 29 f. 1 & t. 53. f. 6; Marcgr[ave]. bras[iliae]. 231; Raj[o]. 9. quadr[upedum]. 233.; and Hern[andez]. mex[icanorum] 314\u201d. According to Articles 73.2.1 and 72.4.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature  show so much variation in minor cranial characters that I cannot regard these [supposedly diagnostic] differences [listed by Peters and Gray] as of any real value. Accordingly we find that they are not all constant in Central-American specimens.\u201d According to Alston .Tatusia pilosa Flower, 1894:655; name combination.[Tatusia (Cryptophractus)] pilosa: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatus (Cryptophractus)] pilosus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.Tatu pilosa: Thomas, 1927:605; name combination.Dasypus pilosa: Yepes, 1928:468; name combination with incorrect gender agreement.Dasypus pilosus: Frechkop and Yepes, 1949:27; gender agreement correction.Dasypus (Cryptophractus) pilosus: Talmage and Buchanan, 1954:84; name combination.Crypophractus pilosus: Castro et al.  sabanicola: Wetzel and Mondolfi, 1979:55; name combination.Type: The holotype  designed by Mondolfi  septemcinctus Linnaeus, 1758:51; original description.Cachicama hybridus: Gervais, 1855:113; not Loricatus hybridus Desmarest, 1804.Praopus hybridus: Pelzeln, 1883:99; not Loricatus hybridus Desmarest, 1804.Tatusia megalolepis Cope, 1889:134; type locality \u201cChapada\u201d, Mato Grosso, Brazil.Tatusia (Muletia) propalatum Rhoads, 1894:111; type locality \u201cBahia\u201d, Brazil.[Tatusia (Tatusia)] megalolepis: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatusia (Muletia)] propalatum: Trouessart, 1898:1141; name combination.Tatu septemcincta: Thomas, 1900:548; name combination.Tatu megalolepis: Thomas, 1904:243; name combination.[Tatus (Tatus)] megalolepis: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.[Tatus (Muletia)] propalatus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.Dasypus megalolepe: Yepes, 1928:468; name combination and incorrect spelling of Tatusia megalolepis Cope.Dasypus propalatus: Yepes, 1928:468; name combination.Dasypus [(Dasypus)] septemcinctus: Wetzel and Mondolfi, 1979:53; name combination.Type: UPSZTY 24, newborn mounted specimen  from Tabacal, Or\u00e1n . However, Wetzel and Mondolfi  mentioneD. s. septemcinctus and D. s. hybridus , and dry forests (Caatinga). Unfortunately, the southernmost well-preserved specimens of this subspecies are from Santa Catarina state . Nevertheless, it seems very likely that Rio Grande do Sul represents the contact zone between the two subspecies, both in grassland and Atlantic Forest areas.As expected, the southern limits to its distribution are unclear and most likely represent the intergrading contact zone between hybridus . In BrazD. s. septemcinctus and D. s. hybridus.Besides, other contact zones are probably northern Argentina , where rDasypus septemcinctus hybridus Figs 36lor[icatus]. hybridus Desmarest, 1804:28; original description.[Dasypus] hybridus: Fischer, 1814:126, name combination.[Dasypus] auritus Illiger, 1815:108; nomen nudum.T[atus]. auritus Olfers, 1818:221; type locality \u201cParaguay\u201d; based solely on \u201cT. mulet\u201d of Azara  hybrida: Turner, 1853:213; corrected gender concordance.Praopus hybridus: Burmeister, 1861:428; name combination.Muletia septemcincta: Gray, 1874:246; name combination.Tatu hybridus: Lahille, 1899:203; name combination.[Tatusia (Muletia)] hybrida: Trouessart, 1898:1140; name combination.[Tatus (Muletia)] hybridus: Trouessart, 1905:814; name combination.Muletia hybrida: Miranda-Ribeiro, 1914:46; name combination.D[asypus]. Brevi-cauda Larra\u00f1aga, 1923:344; type locality not given, but Uruguay implied (p.242); based on Azara\u2019s Dasypus hibridus: Azevedo, El Achkar, Martins, and Xim\u00e9nez, 1982:95; incorrect subsequent spelling of Loricatus hybridus Desmarest, 1804.Type: Desmarest [Le tatou mulet de[sic] d\u2019Azara\u201d , with smaller legs than \u201ctatou noir\u201d (= D. novemcinctus), tail much shorter than \u201ctatou noir,\u201d with six to seven movable bands (fetuses with 5 bands)  bands)  .oversies ,34,81. Soversies  believedoversies  D. septeesmarest  believedg, Gray L\u00f6nnberg  and SanbL\u00f6nnberg , who bot. Rhoads  argued tD. septemcinctus and D. hybridus, mainly based on differences in the size of the ear and tail. Species separation on this basis was rejected by Frechkopf and Yepes  al Norte de los 26 1/2 grados, desde donde se extiende hasta mas [sic] all\u00e1 de los 36,\u201d os 36,\u201d , and deposited in the Field Museum of Natural History, with the number FMNH 29334. It consists of a mounted skin with cleaned skull and mandible  are: total length 479; tail length 176; hindfoot with claw 67, ear length (taken from the mounted specimen) 16.62. Carapace measurements (in mm) are: cephalic shield length 58.6; scapular shield length 79; pelvic shield length 79; ringed tail length 138. Cranial measurements (in mm) are: total length 68.22; condylobasal length 62.63; anterior palatal length 14.37; palatal length 42.77; maxilla length 24.47; palatine length 13.8; infraorbital canal length 4.15; maxillary toothrow length 15.73; nasal length 20.73; lacrimal length 5.52; rostral length 38.53; anteorbital breadth 22.84; tooth length 1.36; palatal breadth 10.69; palatine breadth 11.03; postorbital constriction 18.06; braincase breadth 25.67; zygomatic breadth 31.08; mastoid breadth 22.04; height of jugal bone 4.91; mandible length 52.82; anterior mandibular length 12.92; mandibular toothrow length 18.03; height of mandible 15.78.Type locality. Estancia Jeffries, eight miles [13 km] East of Treinta y Tres, Departament Treinta y Tres, Uruguay . According to Sanborn Sanborn  Diagnosis:Dasypus septemcinctus hybridus is small , with 6\u20137 movable bands, 51\u201368 scutes along the posterior border of the scapular shield, 48\u201360 scutes on the 3rd movable band; and 46\u201359 scutes on the 4th movable band, nine-twelve rings on the tail. A detailed comparison with D. s. septemcinctus is provided in the topic \u201cDiagnosis\u201d of the previous subspecies  come from Jujuy and Salta, northwestern Argentina, where D. s. septemcinctus, D. mazzai and D. novemcinctus also occur. At the other extreme, in the northeastern portion of the distribution, there is a D. s. hybridus record from Cambar\u00e1 do Sul (MCN 3377), an Atlantic Forest region in the northern portion of Rio Grande do Sul. This record contradicts the impression that D. s. hybridus is restricted to the grasslands areas of Rio Grande do Sul. Other records of D. s. hybridus in that state are from Pinheiro, Santa Maria (MPEG 22218), Dom Pedrito (MPEG 22199), and S\u00e3o Gabriel (MCN 2205). Two other specimens are incomplete and could not be differentiated from D. s. septemcinctus; these are from Caxias do Sul (MCNU 2390) and Eldorado do Sul (MCNU 2503).As with Remarks: The etymology of the epithet hybridus is curious and has led to some misinterpretations. Desmarest ([le tatou mulet de d\u2019Azara\u201d as Loricatus hybridus. Azara\u2019s name was based on the indigenous term Tatou m\u2019bouriqua used by the Guaran\u00eds (natives from Paraguay) and means mule armadillo (or \u201cTatou mulet\u201d in French). According to Azara, this name derived from the fact that this species has large, straight, and parallel ears resembling a mule. The mule is a hybrid between a female horse and a male donkey, and most likely was the inspiration for Desmarest\u2019s naming of the species. Another interpretation, one suggested by Braun and Mares [hybridus denoted the species being a hybrid between D. novemcinctus and D. septemcinctus, but this is unlikely because Desmarest treated them both as synonyms.smarest  nd Mares , is thatD. s. hybridus  exhibit a small but remarkable postorbital process, absent in other Dasypus taxa.It is noteworthy that some specimens of Dasypus septemcinctus cordobensis new subspeciesurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AB12393C-1F2A-47D8-92AF-D5E9CD777951Fig 38Holotype: MACN 33.20, adult male, specimen in alcohol with separated skull and mandible collected in \u201cCordoba, Argentina\u201d by Dr. Enrique A. Artayeta on 1933. The holotype has six movable bands at the midline of the dorsum and seven on the sides of the body; four digits on the forefoot and five on the hindfoot; 56 scutes along the posterior margin of the scapular shield; 52 scutes on the 3rd movable band; 54 on the 4th movable band; and twelve concentric rings of scutes on the tail, covering 76% of the tail. External measurements  are: total length 475; tail length 160; hindfoot with claw 60, ear length 24.Paratypes: Four adult males , five adult females , and one subadult male (MACN 33.13). All are alcohol-preserved specimens collected by Dr. Artayeta in Cordoba, Argentina.Diagnosis: Dasypus s. cordobensis is distinguished from Dasypus s. septemcinctus and Dasypus s. hybridus based on external, carapace and cranial measurements . Cordoba is the name of the Argentinian province and also the capital of that province, situated in the central part of the country. Eastward, the province is a flat grassland area, while its western part is mountainous and covered by xerophytic woodland and grassland, ranging in altitude from 100 m up to 2400 m. Five ecoregions are present in Cordoba: Pampa to the extreme east, Espinal in its center, Dry Chaco in the north and west, and Sierra Chaco and Upper mountain grassland in the west [the west .Records of this species in Cordoba are scarce and, according to Soibelzon et al. , are limDasypus: D. beniensis, D. kappleri, D. mazzai, D. novemcinctus, D. pastasae, D. pilosus, D. sabanicola, and D. septemcinctus. We end the 200-year debate about the validity of the southern long-nosed armadillo, Dasypus hybridus, by considering it as a subspecies of Dasypus septemcinctus. Through the designation of a lectotype for Dasypus novemcinctus Linnaeus and a neotype for Loricatus hybridus (= D. septemcinctus hybridus) Desmarest, each taxon has now a name-bearing type specimen that is crucial for any further taxonomic study.This work represents a comprehensive overview of the systematics of the long-nosed armadillos, compiling information about their taxonomy, distribution, geographic variation, species history, and ecology. Based on the largest sample of the genus thus far examined, we recognize eight species of Dasypus beniensis and D. pastasae from central Amazonia prevents robust delimitations of their distribution limits. For instance, only a single incomplete specimen is available in northwestern Brazil, between the Madeira and Negro rivers, to document the eastern and northern limits of D. pastasae and D. beniensis\u2019 distributions, respectively Click here for additional data file.S2 AppendixCharacters were selected based on our direct observation of specimens in museums and on their use as diagnostic traits in previous taxonomic works on Cingulata [see references (DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S3 AppendixSee (DOCX)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "The first author\u2019s name is incorrect in the citation. The correct citation is: Aslam MN, Bassis CM, Zhang L, Zaidi S, Varani J, Bergin IL (2016) Calcium Reduces Liver Injury in Mice on a High-Fat Diet: Alterations in Microbial and Bile Acid Profiles. PLoS ONE 11(11): e0166178."}
{"text": "Nature Communications7:: Article number: 12485; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12845 (2016); Published: 09222016; Updated: 11032016This Article contains errors in Fig. 3. In panel b, the axes are displaced relative to the data, and in panel c, the label \u2018Species-specific GD' in red should read \u2018Species-specific GD (tandem)'. The correct version of Fig. 3 appears below as"}
{"text": "The S3 Fig(A\u2013F): Circos plot displays mutations, copy number, and structural rearrangements in the (A) primary, (B) spinal, (C) lung, (D) liver, and (E) adrenal metastases. Translocations with significant read coverage include shared (green) and private (red) interchromosomal and shared (purple) and private (blue) intrachromosomal translocations.(PDF)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a geographically widespread RNA virus with a high degree of genomic diversity that complicates sequence-based diagnostics. Here, we sequenced eight CCHFV strains for improved assay design and deposition into FDA-ARGOS, the FDA\u2019s pathogen database for development and verification of next generation sequencing assays. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a geographically widespread \u20136 and ge\u20137\u2013Total nucleic acids were acquired from the UCC for eight CCHFV strains including IbAr 10200 (UCC# R4401), DAK8194 (UCC# R4416), SPU 128/81 UCC# R4417), SPU 115/87 (UCC# R4448), UG 3010 (UCC# R4432), JD-206 (UCC# R4413), HY-13 (UCC# R4459), and Drosdov (UCC# R4405). Each segment was amplified using a previously published protocol  modified for Nextera sequencing. The 5\u2032 end of the M segment of JD-206 did not fully assemble, and Sanger sequencing data using the primer CCHF JD-206 MR (5\u2032-TTCCTCCATTGTGAGATGAAGC) was used to complete the assembly.Sequencing reads were analyzed using CLC Genomics Workbench . Reads were trimmed for quality and to remove the internal L amplification primer sequences, All segments had at least 100\u00d7 coverage across the genome. Segments for IbAr 10200 (M segment), Drosdov (M segment), SPU128/81 (M and S segments), UG3010 (L segment), and HY-13 (S segment) had multiple nucleotide variants resulting in amino acid changes and/or in-frame deletions. Sequencing of SPU 128/81 (L segment) and HY-13 (M segment) extended and completed the sequences already in GenBank. Sequences for SPU 115/87 , the L segment for HY-13, and the L and M segments of JD-206 have not been deposited into GenBank. Sequencing reads for all strains were deposited with NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA), and consensus sequences were deposited into FDA-ARGOS as the assembly qualities met database requirements.Overall, we generated 24 separate CCHFV genome segments from eight different strains. Six new sequences having nonsynonymous variants or in-frame deletions were generated for genome segments already within GenBank. Two segments in GenBank were extended to completion, and five novel segment sequences were completed.KY484034, KY484035, KY484036, KY484025, KY484026, KY484027, KY484043, KY484045, KY484044, KY484041, KY484042, KY484040, KY484046, KY484047, KY484048, KY484039, KY484038, KY484037, KY484033, KY484032, KY484031, KY484030, KY484029, and KY484028.Consensus sequences for each segment were submitted to DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank database under accession no."}
{"text": "Trypanosoma\u201d is misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: Enteric Neuronal Damage, Intramuscular Denervation and Smooth Muscle Phenotype Changes as Mechanisms of Chagasic Megacolon: Evidence from a Long-Term Murine Model of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. The correct citation is: Campos CF, Canguss\u00fa SD, Duz ALC, Cartelle CT, Noviello MdL, Veloso VM, et al. (2016) Enteric Neuronal Damage, Intramuscular Denervation and Smooth Muscle Phenotype Changes as Mechanisms of Chagasic Megacolon: Evidence from a Long-Term Murine Model of Trypanosoma cruzi Infection. PLoS ONE 11(4): e0153038. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0153038The genus name \u201c"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2572710.1038/srep25727; published online: 05122016; updated: 01232017The authors neglected to cite a previously-published related paper which reports the use of PEDOT:PSS ink-jet printing to realize nanosheets for skin-contact applications. This is listed below as reference 19,20, and organic electrochemical transistors21 were also recently proposed for surface sensing applications\u201d.\u201cThin film based devicesshould read:19,20, organic electrochemical transistors21 and PEDOT:PSS ink-jet printed nanosheets\u201cThin film based devices"}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3006910.1038/srep30069; published online: 07182016; updated: 09022016In this Article, an additional affiliation for Felipe A. Court has been omitted. The correct affiliation is listed below:Center for Integrative Biology, Universidad Mayor, Chile."}
{"text": "The correct title is: Musashi 1 Controls the Splicing of Photoreceptor-Specific Exons in the Vertebrate Retina. The correct citation is: Murphy D, Cieply B, Carstens R, Ramamurthy V, Stoilov P (2016) Musashi 1 Controls the Splicing of Photoreceptor-Specific Exons in the Vertebrate Retina. PLoS Genet 12(8): e1006256. doi:The publisher apologizes for the error."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Tahmina Monowar. The correct citation is: Haque E, Banik U, Monowar T, Anthony L, Adhikary AK (2018) Worldwide increased prevalence of human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) respiratory infections is well correlated with heterogeneous hypervariable regions (HVRs) of hexon. PLoS ONE 13(3): e0194516."}
{"text": "Salmo salar) Smolts. The correct citation is Nuez-Ort\u00edn WG, Carter CG, Wilson R, Cooke I, Nichols PD (2016) Preliminary Validation of a High Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and \u03b1-Linolenic Acid (ALA) Dietary Oil Blend: Tissue Fatty Acid Composition and Liver Proteome Response in Atlantic Salmon  Smolts. PLoS ONE 11(8): e0161513. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161513The title appears incorrectly. The publisher apologizes for the error. The correct title is: Preliminary Validation of a High Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) and \u03b1-Linolenic Acid (ALA) Dietary Oil Blend: Tissue Fatty Acid Composition and Liver Proteome Response in Atlantic Salmon ("}
{"text": "AbstractHognaingens. The objective of this paper is to assess all remaining endemic species and advise on possible future conservation actions critical for the survival of endangered species.The North Atlantic archipelagos of Madeira and Selvagens present a unique biological diversity including, presently, 56 endemic spider species. Several recent projects provide valuable information on their distribution across most islands and habitats. To date, the only endemic spider assessed according to the IUCN Red List criteria is M.barreti is considered as possibly extinct due to the suspected impact of a competing species. Although most endemic spiders from the Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos have relatively low extinction risk due to the good condition and protection of the laurisilva forests where many live, there are a number of species requiring urgent attention and protection measures. These include all cave and mountain-restricted species as well as those threatened by competing congeners or invasive plants. Extending current protected areas, restoring original habitats of threatened species and the control of invasive taxa should remain a priority for species survival.Seven species were found to have a continuing decline in either range or population size. Their decline can be mostly attributed to habitat destruction or degradation, invasive plant species that reduce quality of habitat, forest fires at high mountain regions and possible competition for resources from invasive congeners. The tetragnathid  The archipelagos of Madeira and Selvagens are renown for presenting a unique biological diversity, which is a major contributing factor (together with threat levels) for their inclusion in one of the major biodiversity hotspots worldwide, jointly with two other Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores and the Canaries) . Both geThe most emblematic ecosystem of the archipelago \u2013 the laurisilva forest \u2013 is restricted to Madeira Island where it covers nearly 20% of the land surface . MadeiraRecent efforts were made to update the knowledge on the taxonomy and conservation priorities for the archipelagos of Madeira and Selvagens . Over 75Hognaingens , Fig. Phalaris spp. grasses which, with their large roots, prevent the spider to access adequate shelters under stones and in soil crevices. A species conservation plan is now underway and includes regular monitoring of the spider population, chemical treatments to control the invasive species and ex situ conservation with possible future reintroduction of adult specimens.Despite the known vulnerability of many endemic spider species, only the Desertas wolf spider - The objective of this paper is to assess the remaining 55 endemic spider species according to the IUCN criteria and advise on possible future conservation actions critical for the survival of endangered species. In the future we intend to assess a number of species currently being described in order to contribute to the proper protection of this unique fauna.Species data were collected from all bibliography on Madeira and Selvagens spiders published until July 2017. These included mainly taxonomic and faunistic works. We also used numerous unpublished data collected within multiple projects e.g. . This neFor all analyses we used the R package red - IUCN redlisting tools . This paIn this work, the EOO and AOO were calculated in one of two ways:- for extremely range restricted species for which we assumed to know the full range, these values were classified as observed, the minimum convex polygon encompassing all observations used to calculate the EOO and the 2x2 km cells known to be occupied used to calculate the AOO. When the EOO was smaller than the AOO, it was made equal as per the IUCN guidelines .- for widespread species or those for which we did not have confidence to know the full range, we performed species distribution modeling (SDM). This was done based on two environmental datasets depending on the distribution of each species. For single island endemics of Madeira proper (main island) we used 100x100m resolution data on altimetry, slope, annual precipitation, annual maximum and minimum relative humidity, annual maximum and minimum temperature, land cover and a disturbance index based on the latter . For speFor SDMs we used ensemble modeling with the Maxent method  implemenrun = max)2weigthIsolated patches outise the original distribution polygon were then excluded from maps to avoid overestimation of values. When performing SDMs, confidence limits for EOO and AOO were calculated using the number of models (runs) that predicted presence for each cell applying the percentiles 0.025 and 0.975 for the upper and lower limits respectively. All final maps and values were checked and validated by our own expert opinion. KMLs derived from these maps were also produced using the red package.AraneushortensisScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: AraneidaeFamily: Taxonomic notes: This species is not found since its description in 1859 . Given tRegion for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 1Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): This species EOO and AOO are unkown.Range description: Only reference for the Island of Madeira, from unspecified locality .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): The population size and trend are unknown.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The habitat is unknown, the only specimen was captured in a garden at 200m altitude .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural GardensHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural GardensSize: 5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): The ecology of the species is unknown. The species and family are orb weavers feeding mostly on flying insects.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Less importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: The species has not been found since original description in 1859  and needUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Less importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: The species has not been found since original description in 1859  and needArctosamaderanaScientific name: Species authority: Roewer, 1960AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LycosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 2Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): This species EOO and AOO are unknown.Range description: Recorded from both Madeira Island and Porto Santo, from unspecified localities .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): The population size and trend are unknown.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): There is poor information on species habitat, although the second record was from a sandy beach .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 12.2. Marine Intertidal - Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, EtcHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 12.2. Marine Intertidal - Sandy Shoreline and/or Beaches, Sand Bars, Spits, EtcSize: 13-15 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): The species ecology is unknown. Species of the same family and genus are active epigean hunters of insects and other arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatConservation action type: In PlaceConservation action type: In PlaceUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Adults of this species have not been found since the original description  and it nUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Adults of this species have not been found since the original description  and it nCentromerusanoculusScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1995Common names: Aranha-cavern\u00edcola-de-S\u00e3o-VicenteAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Centromerussexoculatus Wunderlich, 1992 : Suppl. material 3Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedC.sexoculatus.Basis (narrative): Known from two lava tube systems . Given tMin Elevation/Depth (m): 100Max Elevation/Depth (m): 150Range description: Only found in the lava tubes of Gruta dos Cardais in S\u00e3o Vicente, on northern Madeira Island, and Furnas do Cavalum in Machico, on eastern Madeira Island. Gruta dos Cardais is part of the largest known cave system in Madeira. The neighboring Grutas de S\u00e3o Vicente, which probably were once habitat for the species, are now in large part converted to show caves with extensive modifications in microclimate, including artificial lighting, water reservoirs and even newly built tunnels.EOO (km2): 8Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: No decrease in EOO has been registered but it is inferred from decline in habitat quality.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: No decrease in AOO was observed, but it is inferred from decline in habitat quality.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 8Number of locations: 2Justification for number of locations: Two locations, Gruta dos Cardais and Furnas do Cavalum, are threatened by uncontrolled visits, accumulation of litter and, in the case of the first, being used as shelter for domestic animals . A potenTrend: StableJustification for trend: The possible third location was lost more than 10 years ago, meaning the current trend in number of locations is probably stable despite the impeding threats.Extreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (estimated)Justification for trend: The current threats are believed to cause a decrease in the species population numbers in unknown rates.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): The uncontrolled visits by tourists and locals that think of caves as adventure playground, accumulation of litter and use by domestic animals cause major changes in the cave environment and consequent decrease in quality of habitat for the species. This is believed to be leading to a decrease in population numbers, although no monitoring is being made and the rates are unknown.Number of subpopulations: 2Trend: StableJustification for trend: Only two subpopulations historically known.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Species known from two lava tube systems.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The quality of habitat is inferred to be decreasing due to severe changes in the environment of caves.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesSize: 3 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology and traits are largely unknown as the only references to the species are from a short taxonomic description and a checklist. Yet, congeners are known to build sheet webs and this species might build them on cave walls on the hunt for insects.Justification for threats: The species was probably driven away from part of its historical range by touristic activities that include digging of new tunnels, water regime modifications  and artificial lighting. Both current locations are threatened by use of caves by domestic animals, uncontrolled visits and accumulation of litter.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas2.3. Agriculture & aquaculture - Livestock farming & ranching6.1. Human intrusions & disturbance - Recreational activities7.2. Natural system modifications - Dams & water management/use7.3. Natural system modifications - Other ecosystem modificationsThreat type: OngoingThreats: 1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas2.3. Agriculture & aquaculture - Livestock farming & ranching6.1. Human intrusions & disturbance - Recreational activities7.2. Natural system modifications - Dams & water management/use7.3. Natural system modifications - Other ecosystem modificationsJustification for conservation actions: Furnas do Cavalum are considered scientific patrimony by the \"Plano Director Municipal\" of Machico. Yet, this cave species would benefit from effective protection with adequate legislation of the two lava tube systems where it occurs with eventual restoration of natural conditions of the environment and recovery and re-introduction in the lost location. While this is not possible, or as an alternative, a strict code of conduct for touristic or other activities in caves should be enforced and both communication to the general public and training of touristic agents should be subject of a conservation plan.Conservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area management2.3. Land/water management - Habitat & natural process restoration3.2. Species management - Species recovery3.3. Species management - Species re-introduction4.2. Education & awareness - Training4.3. Education & awareness - Awareness & communications5.1. Law & policy - Legislation5.3. Law & policy - Private sector standards & codes5.4. Law & policy - Compliance and enforcementConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area management2.3. Land/water management - Habitat & natural process restoration3.2. Species management - Species recovery3.3. Species management - Species re-introduction4.2. Education & awareness - Training4.3. Education & awareness - Awareness & communications5.1. Law & policy - Legislation5.3. Law & policy - Private sector standards & codes5.4. Law & policy - Compliance and enforcementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsC.sexoculatus should be clarified. Research on both the species current population trend and the reasons for this is needed to know the real threat levels and how to minimize them. A species conservation plan and a management plan would improve its survival chances for the future.Justification for research needed: The taxonomical status of the species and possible synonymy with Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsC.sexoculatus should be clarified. Research on both the species current population trend and the reasons for this is needed to know the real threat levels and how to minimize them. A species conservation plan and a management plan would improve its survival chances for the future.Justification for research needed: The taxonomical status of the species and possible synonymy with Justification for probability: CentromerussexoculatusScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1992Common names: Aranha-cavern\u00edcola-do-MachicoAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Centromerusanoculus Wunderlich, 1995 : Suppl. material 4Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Only known from a single lava tube system . Given tMin Elevation/Depth (m): 150Max Elevation/Depth (m): 150C.anoculus is confirmed, it occupies two cave systems (see assessment for the latter species).Range description: Only found in the lava tubes of Furnas do Cavalum, close to Machico on eastern Madeira Island , althougEOO (km2): 4Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Possibly threatened by uncontrolled visits to the caves and accumulation of litter  which deCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Possibly threatened by uncontrolled visits to the caves and accumulation of litter  which deCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 4Number of locations: 1Justification for number of locations: A single site is known for the species, which is currently under serious threat.Trend: StableJustification for trend: The single location is the full known historical range.Extreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The population size of this species is unknown. It is possibly threatened by uncontrolled visits to the caves and accumulation of litter  which deBasis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): A single subpopulation exists of unknown size.Number of subpopulations: 1Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Species known from a single lava tube system, Furnas do Cavalum, Machico.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesSize: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This is a troglobiont species with considerable eye reduction, depigmentation and appendage elongation. Ecology and traits are largely unknown as the only reference to the species is from a short taxonomic description. However, congeners are known to build sheet webs and this species might build them on cave walls on the hunt for insects.Justification for threats: This species is possibly threatened by uncontrolled visits to the caves and accumulation of litter  which deThreat type: OngoingThreats: 6.1. Human intrusions & disturbance - Recreational activities9.4. Pollution - Garbage & solid wasteThreat type: OngoingThreats: 6.1. Human intrusions & disturbance - Recreational activities9.4. Pollution - Garbage & solid wasteJustification for conservation actions: Furnas do Cavalum are considered scientific patrimony by the \"Plano Director Municipal\" of Machico. Yet, this cave species would benefit from effective protection with adequate legislation of the lava tube system where it occurs with eventual restoration of natural conditions of the environment and recovery of its population. It should also be formally protected by adequate legislation.Conservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.3. Land/water management - Habitat & natural process restoration3.2. Species management - Species recovery5.1. Law & policy - Legislation5.4. Law & policy - Compliance and enforcementConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.3. Land/water management - Habitat & natural process restoration3.2. Species management - Species recovery5.1. Law & policy - Legislation5.4. Law & policy - Compliance and enforcementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsC.anoculus should be clarified. Research on population trends and its causes is needed to know the real threat levels and how to minimize them. A species conservation plan and a management plan would improve its survival chances for the future.Justification for research needed: The taxonomical status of the species and possible synonymy with Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsC.anoculus should be clarified. Research on population trends and its causes is needed to know the real threat levels and how to minimize them. A species conservation plan and a management plan would improve its survival chances for the future.Justification for research needed: The taxonomical status of the species and possible synonymy with Justification for probability: CentromerusvariegatusScientific name: Species authority: Denis, 1962AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 5Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 300Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1850Centromerusvariegatus is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on the steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 256-432-716Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing a decline in area and the invasive species present seem not to affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing a decline in area and the invasive species present seem not to affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 232-432-716Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing a decline in area and the invasive species present seem not to affect the spider population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species is a sheet-web builder on the tree branches and under stones, feeding mainly on small insects. The species seems closely associated to the laurisilva forest.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range lies inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.CeratinopsisinfuscataScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 6Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 300Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1650Ceratinopsisinfuscata is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly the steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 181-360-640Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 120-352-640Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Sheet-web builder of the canopy stratum, feeding on small insects.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.DipoenatalongitarsisScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 7Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Only four records for this species exist, mostly recent and all in laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 250Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1850Dipoenatalongitarsis is known from a few sites in laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 192-404-725Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 192-404-708Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 1.3 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoD.longitarsis may feed mostly on ants at ground level and low vegetation.Ecology and traits (narrative): As other species in the genus, Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.DrassodesrugichelisScientific name: Species authority: Denis, 1962AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: GnaphosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 8Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Largely unknown, as there are only two records for the species , both onMin Elevation/Depth (m): 1400Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1800Drassodesrugichelis is known from two sites (Pa\u00fal da Serra and Pico do Cidr\u00e3o), both on open mountain areas. The true range is however unknown and not possible to model with confidence.Range description: EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The two only known sites for the species are in open, mountain areas.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.7. Grassland - Subtropical/High Altitude6. Rocky areas Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.7. Grassland - Subtropical/High Altitude6. Rocky areas Size: 11-16 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): The ecology of this species is mostly unknown, but it is probable that they are active nocturnal hunters at ground level.Justification for threats: The mountain areas of Madeira Island have been affected by recent wildfires, which might have affected this species.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 7.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppressionThreat type: OngoingThreats: 7.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppressionJustification for conservation actions: Part of the known species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: The distribution of the species should be researched through extensive collections on the islands' mountainous areas above the tree line. Monitoring of population trends should be conducted in the future and the negative effects of possible threats, such as wildfires, should also be assessed.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: The distribution of the species should be researched through extensive collections on the islands' mountainous areas above the tree line. Monitoring of population trends should be conducted in the future and the negative effects of possible threats, such as wildfires, should also be assessed.DysderaanerisScientific name: Species authority: Mac\u00edas\u2212Hern\u00e1ndez & Arnedo, 2010Common names: Aranha-tenaz-das-SelvagensAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: DysderidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 9Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): The restricted distribution of the species allows to known its EOO and AOO with reasonable confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 160Range description: The species is restricted to the small Selvagens archipelago that lies between Madeira and the Canary Islands, where it possibly occupies all islets - Selvagem Grande, Selvagem Pequena and Ilh\u00e9u de Fora .EOO (km2): 15Trend: StableJustification for trend: No current threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: No current threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 12Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No current threats to the species.Trend: StableJustification for trend: No current threats to the species.Extreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: No current threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: 3Trend: StableJustification for trend: No current threats to the species.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The Selvagens archipelago is dominated by barren areas with low herbaceous vegetation and rocky outcrops.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The natural vegetation of Selvagem Grande has been largely recovered by successful projects coordinated by the Madeira Natural Park devoted to the eradication of invasive species.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry6. Rocky areas Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry6. Rocky areas Size: 10 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoD.aneris is unknown, although most congeners are specialized hunters feeding on woodlice.Ecology and traits (narrative): This species is found across the islands living on barren and rocky areas. The diet of D.crocata has been previously found on Selvagem Grande in the past : Suppl. material 10Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest. It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 300Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1850Dysderacoiffaiti is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 141-398-780Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not declining in area and the invasive species present should not affect this spider's population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect this spider's population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 116-396-780Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableJustification for trend: No known threats to the speciesExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: No known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not declining in area and the invasive species present should not affect this spider's population.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 9-17 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoD.coiffaiti is unknown, although most congeners are specialized hunters feeding on woodlice.Ecology and traits (narrative): Found across the laurisilva forest of Madeira Island, living on the soil. The diet of Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.DysderadiversaScientific name: Species authority: Blackwall, 1862diversaCommon names: Aranha-tenaz-AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: DysderidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 11Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): A single record is published on the original description without a precise locality . Two morMin Elevation/Depth (m): 800Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1850Dysderadiversa is known only from high altitude areas of laurisilva forest (above 800m).Range description: EOO (km2): 13-264-644Trend: StableJustification for trend: Inferred to be stable as the preferred habitat area and quality is stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: Inferred to be stable as the preferred habitat area and quality is stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 12-264-644Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: Possibly stable as the preferred habitat area and quality is stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No species abundance estimates existTrend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): High altitude laurisilva forest.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: Preferred habitat area and quality is stable.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 8 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoD.diversa is unknown, although most congeners are specialized hunters feeding on woodlice.Ecology and traits (narrative): The species is found on few places of the high-altitude laurisilva forest of Madeira Island, living on the soil. The diet of Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: All the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: As few localities are known for the species, basic research on species distribution should be made. Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: As few localities are known for the species, basic research on species distribution should be made. Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.DysderaportisanctiScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1995Common names: Aranha-tenaz-do-Porto-SantoAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: DysderidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 12Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Only two subpopulations of this species are known. These are in close proximity, on the Island of Porto Santo, which has been extensively surveyed, therefore the entire current distribution of this species should be known.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 100Max Elevation/Depth (m): 320Heberdeniaexcelsa) within exotic pine and cedar trees.Range description: The species seems to be restricted to the northeastern part of the island of Porto Santo. It was originally described from Pico Branco , the areEOO (km2): 8Trend: Decline (inferred)2) and restricted to two nearby peaks with very few remnant native vegetation, with most areas surrounding them being converted to agricultural fields now abandoned or exotic pine and cedar plantations.Justification for trend: Although the species is not known to ever have occupied areas outside its current range, this is extremely small (EOO is in effect < 1kmCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)2) and restricted to two peaks with very few remnant native vegetation. Most areas surrounding them were converted to agricultural fields now abandoned or exotic pine and cedar plantations.Justification for trend: The species is not known to ever have occupied areas outside its current range, this being extremely small (AOO is in effect < 1kmCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 8Number of locations: 2Justification for number of locations: The two peaks where the species is found are surrounded by exotic tree plantations with numerous invasive plant species. The species seems to be able to survive mostly among native vegetation but also in few sheltered sites with planted trees. Yet, the spread of invasive plants might jeopardize the subpopulations in these two peaks.Trend: StableJustification for trend: Further subpopulations were almost certainly lost in nearby peaks (e.g. Moledo or Pico da Gandaia), but probably before the species description in 1995.Extreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Inferred from possible decline in habitat quality  due to the effects of invasive plant species that do not provide adequate shelter for the spider.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: 2Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: YesJustification for fragmentation: As only one juvenile individual (identified through clear somatic characters) was found in Pico do Facho despite intensive sampling, it is possible that this subpopulation is endangered due to loss of habitat quality in the near future. That would mean that only a single subpopulation (50%) in Pico Branco would be left.System: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesEricaplatycodon or Heberdeniaexcelsa often within exotic pine and cedar.Habitat (narrative): The species seems to be restricted to rocky or few native vegetation areas with Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (estimated)Justification for trend: Possible estimated decline in habitat quality  due to the effects of invasive plant species that do not provide adequate shelter for the spider.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation6. Rocky areas Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation6. Rocky areas Size: 7 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoD.portisancti is unknown, although most congeners are specialized hunters feeding on woodlice.Ecology and traits (narrative): The species is found living within scarce patches of native vegetation. The diet of Justification for threats: As the species seems to be able to survive mostly among native vegetation, probably due to difficulty in finding adequate shelter within other plant species, the spread of invasive plants might jeopardize its survival.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 8.1. Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesThreat type: OngoingThreats: 8.1. Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesJustification for conservation actions: Part of the original habitat (Pico Branco) is included in the Natura network, but both localities urgently need to be restored jointly with the neighbouring peaks. The spider would benefit from recovery and re-introduction to these new areas which should have been part of its historical range with possible ex-situ breeding for both re-introduction and raising awareness on its emperiled status.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection2.2. Land/water management - Invasive/problematic species control2.3. Land/water management - Habitat & natural process restoration3.2. Species management - Species recovery3.3. Species management - Species re-introduction3.4. Species management - Ex-situ conservation4.3. Education & awareness - Awareness & communications5.1. Law & policy - LegislationConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection2.2. Land/water management - Invasive/problematic species control2.3. Land/water management - Habitat & natural process restoration3.2. Species management - Species recovery3.3. Species management - Species re-introduction3.4. Species management - Ex-situ conservation4.3. Education & awareness - Awareness & communications5.1. Law & policy - LegislationUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.3. Research - Life history & ecology2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat trends should be conducted to confirm species status. In addition, some information on life history, namely feeding regimen, should be collected about the species, as it might be restricted to very few prey types with implications for its conservation. The species would benefit from a species conservation plan that would include recovery actions for both the spider and the habitat and a management plan for new protected areas to be created within its historical range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.3. Research - Life history & ecology2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat trends should be conducted to confirm species status. In addition, some information on life history, namely feeding regimen, should be collected about the species, as it might be restricted to very few prey types with implications for its conservation. The species would benefit from a species conservation plan that would include recovery actions for both the spider and the habitat and a management plan for new protected areas to be created within its historical range.DysderavandeliScientific name: Species authority: Denis, 1962Common names: Aranha-tenaz-de-VandelAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: DysderidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 13Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Distribution of the species is unknown as there is only a single record from Caldeir\u00e3o do Inferno in 1962 . It has Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1500Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1500Range description: Distribution of the species is unknown as there is a single record from Caldeirao do Inferno in 1962 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Probably humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 6 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoD.vandeli is unknown, although most congeners are specialized hunters feeding on woodlice.Ecology and traits (narrative): The diet of Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The known species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: This species has not been found since the original description  and it nUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: This species has not been found since the original description  and it nEchemusmodestusScientific name: Species authority: Kulczynski, 1899AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: GnaphosidaeFamily: Taxonomic notes: Not recorded since original description from Madeira with uncertain locality .Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 14Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): The species EOO and AOO are unknown.Range description: Only mentioned from Madeira Island, with no locality data.EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The species habitat is unknown.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 4 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): If similar to other congeners, probably an active nocturnal hunter at ground level.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: The species has not been found since original description in 1899  and needUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: The species has not been found since original description in 1899  and needFrontinellinadearmataScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 15Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . From prMin Elevation/Depth (m): 100Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1450Frontinellinadearmata is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 53-296-736Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 52-296-732Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Sheet-web builder at the canopy of native trees feeding mainly on small insects.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.FrontiphantesfulgurenotatusScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 16Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites have been recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 250Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1550Frontiphantesfulgurenotatus is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 208-361-720Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 144-356-720Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider population.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 4 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Sheet-web builder on the tree branches feeding mainly on small insects.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.HahniainsulanaScientific name: Species authority: Schenkel, 1938AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: HahniidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 17Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 50Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1700Hahniainsulana is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 207-364-716Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 188-364-708Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species is a sheet-web builder among the leaf-litter and low vegetation feeding mainly on small insects.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.HognabiscoitoiScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1992Common names: Tar\u00e2ntula-de-BiscoitoBiscoito Wolf SpiderAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LycosidaeFamily: Hognainsularum.Taxonomic notes: Despite intensive searches during the last decade it was not possible to find this species recently described from undetermined locality in the island of Porto Santo . It probRegion for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 18Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): The species EOO and AOO are unknown.Range description: Only recorded from the Island of Porto Santo, from undetermined locality.EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The species habitat is unknown.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 9-13 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): If valid, the species should be an active ground hunter feeding mainly on small/medium size arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Clarification of the taxonomic status is necessary. If valid, basic information would be needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Clarification of the taxonomic status is necessary. If valid, basic information would be needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats.HognaheeriScientific name: Species authority: Common names: Tar\u00e2ntula-de-HeerHeer Wolf SpiderAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LycosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 19Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, many of them recent and in a number of different habitats . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1755Hognaheeri is known from varied and contrasting habitats, from open barren areas in Bugio (Desertas) to laurisilva forest in Madeira Island.Range description: EOO (km2): 876-1087-1439Trend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on all kinds of habitat, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on all kinds of habitat, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 36-408-812Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on all kinds of habitat, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): The species seems to be able to live on all kinds of habitat, from barren areas to laurisilva forest.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.4. Grassland - Temperate4.7. Grassland - Subtropical/High Altitude6. Rocky areas 16. Introduced vegetationHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.4. Grassland - Temperate4.7. Grassland - Subtropical/High Altitude6. Rocky areas 16. Introduced vegetationSize: 13-15 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Active ground hunter feeding mainly on small/medium size arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Part of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park and in the Desertas Nature Reserve.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1. Land/water protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1. Land/water protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: The disjunct distribution of the species is currently being researched and might lead to a change in the current estimated maps. Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: The disjunct distribution of the species is currently being researched and might lead to a change in the current estimated maps. Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.HognainsularumScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LycosidaeFamily: Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 6Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 20Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites have been recorded for the species, mostly recent in all Madeiran islands at low altitude . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 320Hognainsularum is known in open habitats across all Madeiran islands at low altitudes. On Madeira Island it only occupies the eastern region.Range description: EOO (km2): 1333-2412-3518Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, open grassland or shrubland with frequent rock outcrops, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, open grassland or scrubland with frequent rock outcrops, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 80-208-644Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, open grassland or shrubland with frequent rock outcrops, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Open grassland or shrubland with frequent rock outcrops, very common in the eastern part of the archipelago at low altitudes.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry6. Rocky areas Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry6. Rocky areas Size: 11-20 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Active ground hunter feeding mainly on small/medium size arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Part of the species range is inside several protected areas including the Ponta de S\u00e3o Lourenco Special Protection Area and Desertas Nature Reserve.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.HognamaderianaScientific name: Species authority: Common names: Tar\u00e2ntula-da-MadeiraMadeira Wolf SpiderAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LycosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 21Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, usually in open areas but at all altitudes, from coastal areas to the plateau of Pa\u00fal da Serra . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1800Hognamaderiana is known throughout the island of Madeira in open habitats.Range description: EOO (km2): 304-368-908Trend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 28-368-908Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): The species seems to be able to live on several open habitat types, including coastal areas and high-altitude plateaus dominated by grasses.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.7. Grassland - Subtropical/High Altitude6. Rocky areas 13.1. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore IslandsHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.7. Grassland - Subtropical/High Altitude6. Rocky areas 13.1. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore IslandsSize: 25 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Active ground hunter feeding mainly on small/medium size arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: The disjunct distribution of the species is currently being researched and might lead to a change in the current estimated maps. Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: The disjunct distribution of the species is currently being researched and might lead to a change in the current estimated maps. Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.HognanonannulataScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1995AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LycosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 22Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): The species EOO and AOO are unknown.Hognanonannulata is unknown : UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): The species was found from few sites in humid laurisilva forest (Ribeiro Frio) on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 15-17 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Active ground hunter feeding mainly on small/medium size arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The known locality is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic information is needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic information is needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats.HognaschmitziScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1992Common names: Tar\u00e2ntula-de-Porto-Santo (Portuguese)Porto Santo Wolf Spider (English)AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LycosidaeFamily: Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 7Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 23Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 270Range description: Across the entire island of Porto Santo and its small islets. Habitats include areas close to human settlements but exclude densely forested areas.EOO (km2): 32-64-68Trend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 32-64-68Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No current threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements. It only avoids densely forested areas.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry6. Rocky areas Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry6. Rocky areas Size: 20-30 mmGeneration length (yr): 2Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Active ground hunter feeding mainly on medium/large size arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: A small part of the species range is inside the Porto Santo Network of Marine Protected Areas (which include islets).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.LathysaffinisScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: DictynidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 24Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in all habitat types . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1460Lathysaffinis is known on all islands across the Madeira archipelago and on all habitat types, from laurisilva forest to open arid areas.Range description: EOO (km2): 744-3373-3699Trend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 40-544-948Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry4.7. Grassland - Subtropical/High Altitude6. Rocky areas 16. Introduced vegetationHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry4.7. Grassland - Subtropical/High Altitude6. Rocky areas 16. Introduced vegetationSize: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Small cribellate web builder on vegetation or ground level feeding mainly on small insects.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Much of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park and in several protected areas across the archipelago.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.LepthyphantesimpudicusScientific name: Species authority: Kulczynski, 1909AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 25Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 200Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1850Lepthyphantesimpudicus is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 153-400-736Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing a decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 152-400-736Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 3 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species is a sheet-web builder on the tree branches feeding mainly on small insects.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.LepthyphanteslundbladiScientific name: Species authority: Schenkel, 1938AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 26Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species in laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 750Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1850Lepthyphanteslundbladi is predicted to be present throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 40-288-600Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 40-288-600Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 3 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species is a sheet-web builder close to the soil, being first described from the entrance of a lava tube (Gruta da Ribeira do Inferno).Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.LepthyphantesmauliScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1992AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 27Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 50Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1850Lepthyphantesmauli is known from different sites in laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 200-316-524Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 200-316-524Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 3 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species is a sheet-web builder close to the soil, being first described from the entrance of a lava tube (Grutas de S\u00e3o Vicente).Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatMacaroerisdesertensisScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1992AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: SalticidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 28Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites have been recorded for the species in both Porto Santo and Desertas . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 270Macaroerisdesertensis is known throughout the islands and islets of Porto Santo and Desertas, mainly on open grassland, scrubland and rocky areas.Range description: EOO (km2): 529-599-599Trend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be common in open areas of several islands and islets.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be common in open areas of several islands and islets.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 36-104-104Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be common in open areas of several islands and islets.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoMacaroerisdesertensis is known throughout the islands and islets of Porto Santo and Desertas, mainly on open grassland, scrubland and rocky areas.Habitat (narrative): Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be common in open areas of several islands and islets.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry6. Rocky areas Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry6. Rocky areas Size: 4-5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Active hunter on low vegetation feeding mainly on small/medium size arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Part of the species range lies inside the Desertas Nature Reserve and in the Porto Santo Network of Marine Protected Areas (which includes islets).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.MacarophaeuscultiorScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: GnaphosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 29Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 100Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1850Macarophaeuscultior is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 153-372-688Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 136-372-688Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 10-13 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Active nocturnal ground hunter feeding mainly on small/medium size arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.MesiotelusmaderianusScientific name: Species authority: Kulczynski, 1899AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LiocranidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 30Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): There are only three records for the species, mostly old  plus a nMin Elevation/Depth (m): 650Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1850Range description: Known from few sites at high altitude, in laurisilva forest or above tree-line.EOO (km2): 28-256-720Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: One of the species habitats, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations. The other habitat, mountain areas, experienced a severe wildfire in 2010 which might have reduced the species range.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: One of the species habitats, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations. The other habitat, mountain areas, experienced a severe wildfire in 2010 which might have reduced the species range.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 28-256-720Number of locations: 2Justification for number of locations: A single wildfire event may affect the entire area above tree-line. The forest areas are in general not threatened.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: One of the species habitats, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations. The other habitat, mountain areas, experienced a severe wildfire in 2010 which might have reduced the species range.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: One of the species habitats, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations. The other habitat, mountain areas, experienced a severe wildfire in 2010 which might have reduced the species population.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): The only records of the species are from both laurisilva (Queimadas) and the mountain peaks (Pico do Cidr\u00e3o).Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Although the laurisilva areas are extensive and mostly well-preserved, the mountain areas above the tree-line have suffered recent (2010) extensive wildfires that destroyed much of the native habitat. It is unknown whether these events have affected the species and to what proportion of its range, although this can be inferred.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane6. Rocky areas Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane6. Rocky areas Size: 3 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Active ground hunter feeding mainly on small size arthropods.Justification for threats: Wildfires have negatively impacted the subpopulations above treeline in the past and may do it again in the future.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 7.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppressionThreat type: OngoingThreats: 7.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppressionJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is predicted to be inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Given the high uncertainty the species range should be extensively studied. Furthermore, studies on the ecology of the species and how it was affected by wildfire is necessary. Afterwards, monitoring of population and habitat trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Given the high uncertainty the species range should be extensively studied. Furthermore, studies on the ecology of the species and how it was affected by wildfire is necessary. Afterwards, monitoring of population and habitat trends should be conducted to confirm species status.MetabarretiScientific name: Species authority: Kulczynski, 1899AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TetragnathidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 31Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species mostly in laurisilva forest, although none recently . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 50Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1850Metabarreti is (or was) known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 0-352-899Trend: Decline (inferred)Metastridulans is now commonly seen after description in 1987, about the same time as M.barreti was last recorded. It is possible there was replacement of one species by the other, both single island endemics, although this is for now only suspected.Justification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area. It should be noted, however, that the species has not been recorded for at least two decades despite extensive sampling. At the same time, the endemic congener Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)M.stridulans is now commonly seen after description in 1987, about the same time as M.barreti was last recorded. It is possible there was replacement of one species by the other, both single island endemics, although this is for now only suspected.Justification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area. It should be noted, however, that the species has not been recorded for at least two decades despite extensive sampling. At the same time, the endemic congener Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): 0-352-880Number of locations: 0-1M.stridulans is now very common in the same habitat and region. If this latter species replaced M.barreti it was a fast single event, although this can only be suspected.Justification for number of locations: The species is not recorded for at least two decades despite extensive sampling. At the same time, the endemic congener Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)M.stridulans is now commonly seen after description in 1987, about the same time as M.barreti was last recorded. It is possible there was replacement of one species by the other, both single island endemics, although this, for now, is only suspected.Justification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area. It should be noted, however, that the species is not recorded for at least two decades despite extensive sampling. At the same time, the endemic congener Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat(e) the effects of introduced taxa, hybridization, pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)M.stridulans is now commonly seen after description in 1987, about the same time as M.barreti was last recorded. It is possible there was replacement of one species by the other, both single island endemics, although this, for now, is only suspected.Justification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area. It should be noted however that the species is not recorded for at least two decades despite extensive sampling. At the same time, the endemic congener Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)M.stridulans is now commonly seen after description in 1987, about the same time as M.barreti was last recorded. It is possible there was replacement of one species by the other, both single island endemics, although this, for now, is only suspected.Justification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area. It should be noted, however, that the species is not recorded for at least two decades despite extensive sampling. At the same time, the endemic congener Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 6 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoM.stridulans is much larger (up to 11 mm), possibly giving it a competitive advantage.Ecology and traits (narrative): This species is an orb-web builder, possibly on the tree branches, feeding mainly on small insects. The congener M.stridulans is now commonly seen after description in 1987, about the same time as M.barreti was last recorded. It is possible there was replacement of one species by the other, both single island endemics, although this is for now only suspected.Justification for threats: The endemic congener Threat type: OngoingThreats: 8.2. Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases - Problematic native species/diseasesThreat type: OngoingThreats: 8.2. Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases - Problematic native species/diseasesJustification for conservation actions: All the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park. If its apparent disappearance from the native range is confirmed some measures targeting species recovery should be implemented.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 3.2. Species management - Species recoveryConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 3.2. Species management - Species recoveryUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.5. Research - ThreatsMetastridulans should be clarified. Also research on the possible temporal replacement between these two species is needed.Justification for research needed: The true distribution of the species and possible confusion with Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.5. Research - ThreatsMetastridulans should be clarified. Also research on the possible temporal replacement between these two species is needed.Justification for research needed: The true distribution of the species and possible confusion with MetastridulansScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1987AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TetragnathidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 32Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 200Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1400Metastridulans is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 98-336-832Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 96-324-812Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 7-11 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species is an orb-web builder, possibly on the tree branches, feeding mainly on small-medium size insects.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Less importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Less importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.MisumenanigromaculataScientific name: Species authority: Denis, 1963AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 33Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): The species EOO and AOO are unknown.Misumenanigromaculata is known only from Funchal, south coast of Madeira Island, captured in October 1940 (Range description: ber 1940  and was EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The only place of confirmed presence in Funchal was largely occupied by farms and gardens at the time. The unconfirmed identification in Ponta de S\u00e3o Lourenco is on a semi-arid grassland.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry16. Introduced vegetationHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry16. Introduced vegetationSize: 6 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Unknown, but congeners are ambush hunters in low-vegetation, often seen waiting for prey on flowers.Justification for threats: The only confirmed locality and location is now mostly residential area in the outskirts of Funchal.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areasThreat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areasJustification for conservation actions: If a small range is confirmed in the future the species should benefit from a recovery plan. Yet, little information available precludes from advising on any concrete measures.Conservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 3.2. Species management - Species recoveryConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 3.2. Species management - Species recoveryUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.5. Research - Threats2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management PlanJustification for research needed: The true distribution of the species should be assessed along with possible threats along its range. If endangered, a species conservation plan encompassing recovery actions and area management should be needed to ensure the species survival.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.5. Research - Threats2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management PlanJustification for research needed: The true distribution of the species should be assessed along with possible threats along its range. If endangered, a species conservation plan encompassing recovery actions and area management should be needed to ensure the species survival.OecobiusminorScientific name: Species authority: Kulczynski, 1909AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: OecobiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 34Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): The species EOO and AOO are unknown.Oecobiusminor is known only from the mountainous area south of Faial on the northern coast of Madeira Island, captured in undefined date (Range description: ned date . The onlned date .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The only known locality probably is in laurisilva forest.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Unknown, but congeners build small flat webs over rocks or trunks where they hunt for small insects.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The known species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: The true distribution of the species should be assessed along with possible threats along its range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: The true distribution of the species should be assessed along with possible threats along its range.OecobiusselvagensisScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1995AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: OecobiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 35Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): The restricted distribution of the species allows to know its EOO and AOO with reasonable confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 160Range description: The species is probably restricted to the Selvagem Grande Island between Madeira and the Canary Islands, where it was found in an unnamed erosion coastal cave in 1958 . Two cavEOO (km2): 4Trend: Decline (inferred)O.navus is now commonly seen, even in caves, after being detected on the island for the first time before 1978. It is possible there is a gradual replacement of one species by the other, although this is for now only suspected.Justification for trend: The cosmopolitan congener Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)O.navus is now commonly seen, even in caves, after being detected on the island for the first time before 1978. It is possible there is a gradual replacement of one species by the other, although this is for now only suspected.Justification for trend: The cosmopolitan congener Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 4Number of locations: 1O.navus is affecting O.selvagensis is confirmed, there is a single location derived from the spread of the invasive species in a single event.Justification for number of locations: If the suspicion that the introduction of Trend: StableJustification for trend: Probably stable for the last 10 years.Extreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)O.navus is now commonly seen, even in caves, after being detected on the island for the first time before 1978. It is possible there is a gradual replacement of one species by the other, although this is for now only suspected.Justification for trend: The cosmopolitan congener Basis for decline: (e) the effects of introduced taxa, hybridization, pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: 1Trend: StableJustification for trend: A single subpopulation is historically known.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Only know from two caves.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)O.navus is now commonly seen, even in caves, after being detected on the island for the first time before 1978. It is possible there is a gradual replacement of one species by the other, although this, for now, is only suspected.Justification for trend: The cosmopolitan congener Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.2. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Caves/KarstHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.2. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Caves/KarstSize: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): It is probable that this is a species that lives underground due to the two known localities being inside of caves and it being largely depigmented. Congeners build small flat webs where they hunt for small insects.O.navus may be outcompeting the species in part of its range.Justification for threats: The cosmopolitan Threat type: OngoingThreats: 8.1. Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesThreat type: OngoingThreats: 8.1. Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesO.navus should be controlled. As this task is probably impossible, ex-situ conservation with eventual re-introduction and recovery might be the only feasible measure to prevent further reduction of O.selvagensis.Justification for conservation actions: The island of Selvagem Grande is part of the Selvagens Nature Reserve. If competition is confirmed, the invasive Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 2.2. Land/water management - Invasive/problematic species control3.2. Species management - Species recovery3.3. Species management - Species re-introduction3.4. Species management - Ex-situ conservationConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 2.2. Land/water management - Invasive/problematic species control3.2. Species management - Species recovery3.3. Species management - Species re-introduction3.4. Species management - Ex-situ conservationUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.5. Research - Threats2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management PlanO.selvagensis should be the target of a species conservation plan with consequent area management actions.Justification for research needed: The current distribution of the species and possible threats from the invasive congener should be thoroughly studied. If outcompeted, Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.5. Research - Threats2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management PlanO.selvagensis should be the target of a species conservation plan with consequent area management actions.Justification for research needed: The current distribution of the species and possible threats from the invasive congener should be thoroughly studied. If outcompeted, ParapelecopsismediocrisScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Parapelecopsisnemoralioides   Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 36Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): The species EOO and AOO are unknown.Range description: Described from undefined locality in Madeira Island EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): The species population size and trend are unknown.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The species habitat is unknown.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Unknown.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsP.nemoralioides. If valid, basic information would be needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats.Justification for research needed: The species is not found since original description in 1899  and needUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsP.nemoralioides. If valid, basic information would be needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats.Justification for research needed: The species is not found since original description in 1899  and needPhilodromusinsulanusScientific name: Species authority: Kulczynski, 1905AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: PhilodromidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 37Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 300Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1750Philodromusinsulanus is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 201-419-782Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 132-396-776Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 5-12 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): The species is an active hunter at low to high vegetation feeding mainly on small size arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.PhilodromussimillimusScientific name: Species authority: Denis, 1962AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: PhilodromidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 38Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): The species EOO and AOO are unknown.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1860Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1860Range description: Only known from Pico Ruivo, the highest mountain in Madeira Island with 1861 m altitude . A singlEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The single site where the species was sampled is in high mountain above tree-line.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 6. Rocky areas Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 6. Rocky areas Size: 5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Nothing is known about the species but congeners are active hunters mainly feeding on small arthropods.Justification for threats: If this species is restricted to the high peaks of Madeira recent wildfires may have affected its population. Given the lack of information this is purely speculative.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 7.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppressionThreat type: OngoingThreats: 7.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppressionJustification for conservation actions: If only living in the mountain peaks of Madeira, this species habitat is protected by the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Individuals of this species are not found since the original description  and it nUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Individuals of this species are not found since the original description  and it nPholcusdentatusScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1995AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: PholcidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 39Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): The species EOO and AOO are unkown.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 300Max Elevation/Depth (m): 450Pholcusdentatus is known from only two sites separated by 25 kms in the northern coast of Madeira Island between 300 and 450 meters elevation, Fonte da Pedra and Ribeira da Janela (Range description: a Janela .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Habitat was never specified.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 4-5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): The species ecology is unknown but almost certainly a tangle-web builder feeding on small arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatConservation action type: In PlaceConservation action type: In PlaceUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic information is needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic information is needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats.PholcusmadeirensisScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1987AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: PholcidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 40Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . It was possible to perform species distribution modeling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 350Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1850Pholcusmadeirensis was first described from the southern slopes of Madeira, including near Funchal, in undescribed habitat (Range description:  habitat . More reEOO (km2): 47-332-761Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 12-332-752Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Mainly humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island, but also known from the southern slopes in undescribed habitat.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane18. UnknownSize: 5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): The ecology of this species is unknown but almost certainly a tangle-web builder feeding on small arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Part of its range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status. As the preferred habitat outside laurisilva forest is unknown, research on distribution and preferred habitats should be a priority.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status. As the preferred habitat outside laurisilva forest is unknown, research on distribution and preferred habitats should be a priority.PholcusmagnusScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1987AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: PholcidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 41Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): The EOO and AOO of this species are unknown.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 700Max Elevation/Depth (m): 700Range description: Only known from Portela, on eastern Madeira Island , captureEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Only known from under a bridge surrounded by undescribed habitat .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 5-6 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): The ecology of the species is unknown but almost certainly a tangle-web builder feeding on small arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic information is needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic information is needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats.PholcusparvusScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1987AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: PholcidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 42Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Four collection sites are recorded for the species, most recently in laurisilva forest close to the northern coast of Madeira . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 50Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1150Pholcusparvus is known from a few sites in laurisilva forest or nearby, always in valleys close to the northern coast of Madeira Island.Range description: EOO (km2): 76-213-912Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 16-204-912Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern valleys of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 4-5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): The ecology of the species is unknown but almost certainly a tangle-web builder feeding on small arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.PholcussilvaiScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1995AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: PholcidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 43Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, from both laurisilva forest and open areas above 450 m altitude . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 450Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1800Pholcussilvai is known on the western side of Madeira Island, from both laurisilva forest and open areas above 450 m altitude.Range description: EOO (km2): 38-440-888Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitats of the species, humid laurisilva forest and open areas on the western side of the island, are not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitats of the species, humid laurisilva forest and open areas on the western side of the island, are not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 20-440-888Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitats of the species, humid laurisilva forest and open areas on the western side of the island, are not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): The species occurs in both laurisilva forest and open areas on the western side of the island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitats of the species, humid laurisilva forest and open areas on the western side of the island, are not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane3.4. Shrubland - Temperate4.7. Grassland - Subtropical/High AltitudeHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane3.4. Shrubland - Temperate4.7. Grassland - Subtropical/High AltitudeSize: 4-5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): The ecology of this species is unknown but almost certainly a tangle-web builder feeding on small arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm this species' status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm this species' status.PrinerigonepigraScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 44Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Only three collection sites have ever been recorded for this species, mostly from laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 600Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1850Prinerigonepigra seems to be restricted to high-altitude forest (above 600 m) in Madeira Island.Range description: EOO (km2): 52-456-87Trend: UnknownJustification for trend: There are no recent collections of the species. It does not seem to be common given the scarce number of records. Impossible to infer on the current trend.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: There are no recent collections of the species. It does not seem to be common given the scarce number of records. Impossible to infer on the current trend.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 16-456-872Number of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Impossible to infer if there are any threats.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: There are no recent collections of the species. It does not seem to be common given the scarce number of records. Impossible to infer on the current trend.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): It seems to be mostly found in high-altitude laurisilva forest but possibly also in other habitats above 600m.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownJustification for trend: There are no recent collections of the species. It does not seem to be common given the scarce number of records. Therefore, it is impossible to infer the current trend.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Montane18. UnknownSize: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoPrinerigonevagans  are sheet-web weavers at ground and low vegetation levels.Ecology and traits (narrative): Unknown, but sister taxa such as Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Part of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic information is needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic information is needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats.RugathodesmadeirensisScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1987AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 45Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 50Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1700Rugathodesmadeirensis is one of the most common species in Madeira Island, known throughout the laurisilva forest and also other habitats including pine plantations and close to urban areas.Range description: EOO (km2): 235-432-792Trend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live within several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 188-404-792Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live within several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoRugathodesmadeirensis is one of the most common species in Madeira Island, known throughout the laurisilva forest and also other habitats including pine plantations and close to urban areas.Habitat (narrative): Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural GardensHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural GardensSize: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Cobweb spider at all vegetation layers feeding on small arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.ScotognaphapaivaniScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: GnaphosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 46Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): As the species is thought to be restricted to the three small islands/islets of Selvagens, the EOO and AOO can be calculated with some confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 160Range description: Restricted to Selvagem Grande, Selvagem Pequena and Ilh\u00e9u de Fora in the archipelago of Selvagens.EOO (km2): 13Trend: StableJustification for trend: The EOO seems to be stable with no signs of loss or known threats.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The AOO seems to be stable with no signs of loss or known threats.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 12Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The population size seems to be stable with no signs of loss or known threats.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: 3Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The islands and islets of Desertas have a mix of grassland and rocky outcrops within coastal cliffs. The species seems to be relatively common in grassland, unknown if also occurs in other habitats.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The habitat in Selvagem Grande was subject of a recovery plan during 2000-2002 and seems to be stable with no signs of loss or known threats.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical DryHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical DrySize: 3-10 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species is probably a nocturnal hunter of small arthropods at ground level.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The species range is inside the Selvagens Nature Reserve.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.SpermophoridesselvagensisScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1992AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: PholcidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 47Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): This species is only known from Selvagem Grande , being pMin Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 160Range description: Only known from Selvagem Grande, from both a small coastal cave (Gruta das Pardelas) and rocky areas.EOO (km2): 4Trend: StableJustification for trend: The EOO seems to be stable with no signs of loss or known threats.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The AOO seems to be stable with no signs of loss or known threats.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 4Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The population size seems to be stable with no signs of loss or known threats.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: 1Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Found both in a coastal cave and rocky outcrops.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 6. Rocky areas 13.1. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands13.2. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Caves/KarstHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 6. Rocky areas 13.1. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore Islands13.2. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Caves/KarstSize: 1-2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This is a tangle-web spider hunting for small arthropods on rock walls.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The species range is inside the Selvagens Nature Reserve.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.SteatodadistinctaScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiidaeFamily: Steatodapaykulliana , a widespread palearctic species : Suppl. material 48Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): The EOO and AOO of this species are unknown.Range description: Only mentioned for \"Madeira\" , with noEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The species habitat is unknown.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Not much is known about this species ecology except it should be a cobweb builder .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsS.distincta probably is a synonym of a widespread species AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 49Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest (Min Elevation/Depth (m): 550Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1750Tenuiphantestenebricoloides is one of the most common species in Madeira Island, known throughout the laurisilva forest and also other habitats including planted/cultivated forest and close to urban areas.Range description: EOO (km2): 181-488-700Trend: StableJustification for trend: Although most common in laurisilva forest, the species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: Although most common in laurisilva forest, the species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 160-488-692Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: Although most common in laurisilva forest, the species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Most common in humid laurissilva forest but recorded from several habitat types.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: Although most common in laurisilva forest, the species seems to be able to live on several habitat types such as cultivated forest, even close to human settlements.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural GardensHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural GardensSize: 2-3 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species is a sheet-web builder at the arboreal layer feeding mainly on small insects.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.TroglonetamadeirensisScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 1987AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: MysmenidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 50Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . It was Troglonetamadeirensis is one of the most common species in Madeira Island, known throughout the laurisilva forest and also other habitats including caves and close to urban areas.Range description: EOO (km2): 202-389-764Trend: StableJustification for trend: Although most common in laurisilva forest, the species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: Although most common in laurisilva forest, the species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 172-368-764Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: Although most common in laurisilva forest, the species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Most common in humid laurissilva forest but recorded from several habitat types.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (observed)Justification for trend: Although most common in laurisilva forest, the species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Caves14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural GardensHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Caves14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural GardensSize: 0.9-1.3 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This tiny spider has been found living among the rocks and trees, shrubs and herbs and also in moss on tree trunks . It possJustification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.TurinyphiamaderianaScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 51Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in laurisilva forest . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 300Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1700Turinyphiamaderiana is known throughout the laurisilva forest that occupies about 20% of the island, mainly on its steep and humid northern slopes.Range description: EOO (km2): 181-351-700Trend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 172-344-700Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Humid laurisilva forest on the northern slopes of Madeira Island.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The preferred habitat of the species, humid laurisilva forest, is not experiencing any decline in area and the invasive species present should not affect the spider populations.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species is a sheet-web builder at different vegetation levels feeding mainly on small insects.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: All of the species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.TyphochrestusmadeirensisScientific name: Species authority: Crespo, 2013AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 52Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, all recent and in open habitats . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 300Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1750Range description: Living on relatively high-altitude open areas across Madeira (Pa\u00fal da Serra and the region between the highest mountain peaks), Deserta Grande (south plateau) and Bugio (south and north plateaus).EOO (km2): 372-568-1397Trend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on open habitat patches across different islands.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on open habitat patches across different islands.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 20-64-656Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on open habitat patches across different islands.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): The species seems to be able to live within different open habitat types, including grassland and rocky mountain peaks.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on open habitat patches across different islands.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.7. Grassland - Subtropical/High Altitude6. Rocky areas Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.7. Grassland - Subtropical/High Altitude6. Rocky areas Size: 1.2-1.4 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Living at ground level, probably actively hunting for small insects.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Most of the known species range is inside protected areas.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1. Land/water protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1. Land/water protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.XysticusgrohiScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 53Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Species possibly restricted to the islands of Deserta Grande and Bugio (Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 400Range description: This species is possibly restricted to the islands of Deserta Grande and Bugio where it is know from three sites but probably extends across the entire islands given the adequate microhabitat (steep slopes).EOO (km2): 24Trend: StableXysticusnubilus Simon, 1875, first detected in 2011, seems to have occupied all the flat areas of Desertas, the steep slopes around the islands may constitute refuge to this single island endemic.Justification for trend: Although the invasive Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableX.nubilus seems to have occupied all the flat areas of Desertas, the steep slopes around the islands may constitute refuge to this single island endemic.Justification for trend: Although the invasive Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 24Number of locations: 1X.nubilus, first detected in 2011, seems to have originated the extirpation of X.grohi from most of the islands. This invasive process may continue in the future to the current refuge of the endemic species, the steep coastal slopes.Justification for number of locations: A single event, the introduction of the invasive species Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)X.nubilus seems to have originated the extirpation of X.grohi from most of the islands. This invasive process may continue in the future to the current refuge of the endemic species, the steep coastal slopes.Justification for trend: The introduction of the invasive congener Basis for decline: (e) the effects of introduced taxa, hybridization, pathogens, pollutants, competitors or parasites.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoX.nubilus seems to have originated the extirpation of X.grohi from most of the islands. This invasive process may continue in the future to the current refuge of the endemic species, the steep coastal slopes.Population Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist. The introduction of the invasive Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)X.nubilus seems to have originated the extirpation of X.grohi from most of the islands.Justification for trend: The introduction of Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): This species is possibly restricted to rocky areas, now only on coastal slopes.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)X.nubilus seems to have originated the extirpation of X.grohi from most of the islands.Justification for trend: The introduction of Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 6. Rocky areas 13.1. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore IslandsHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 6. Rocky areas 13.1. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore IslandsSize: 5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This species is an ambush hunter of small insects over rocks and possibly low vegetation.X.nubilus, first detected in 2011, seems to have originated the extirpation of X.grohi from most of the islands. This invasive process may continue in the future to the current refuge of the endemic species, the steep coastal slopes.Justification for threats: The introduction of the invasive species Threat type: OngoingThreats: 8.1. Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesThreat type: OngoingThreats: 8.1. Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesX.nubilus should be erradicated from the island. As this task is probably impossible, ex-situ conservation with eventual re-introduction and recovery might be the only feasible measure to prevent the species extinction.Justification for conservation actions: All of the species range is inside the Desertas Nature Reserve. The invasive Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 2.2. Land/water management - Invasive/problematic species control3.2. Species management - Species recovery3.3. Species management - Species re-introduction3.4. Species management - Ex-situ conservationConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 2.2. Land/water management - Invasive/problematic species control3.2. Species management - Species recovery3.3. Species management - Species re-introduction3.4. Species management - Ex-situ conservationUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsX.grohi should be the target of a species conservation plan with consequent area management actions. Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm the species status.Justification for research needed: The current distribution of the species and possible threats from the invasive congener should be thoroughly studied. Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsX.grohi should be the target of a species conservation plan with consequent area management actions. Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm the species status.Justification for research needed: The current distribution of the species and possible threats from the invasive congener should be thoroughly studied. XysticusmadeirensisScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 54Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): This species EOO and AOO are unknown.Range description: This species is only known from Faj\u00e3 da Nogueira at the northeastern region of Madeira Island in laurisilva forest Fig. . A singlEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Only known from laurisilva forest.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 6 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): As all congeners, certainly an ambush hunter feeding on small insects.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The known species range is inside the Madeira Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed on its distribution, ecology and possible threats throughout the range.ZimirinalepidaScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ProdidomidaeFamily: Figure(s) or Photo(s): Fig. 8Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 55Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for the species, mostly recent and in open grassland or shrubland . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 160Range description: Known from all islands and few islets of Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos. Always at low altitude in open habitats such as grassland or shrubland.EOO (km2): 10682-10682-13343Trend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 32-188-432Number of locations: 0Justification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: The species seems to be able to live on several habitat types, even close to human settlements.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Open grassland and shrubland, often in disturbed areas, close to or even inside houses.Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural GardensHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural GardensSize: 2-3 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Most probably an active hunter at ground level feeding on small size arthropods.Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Part of the species range is inside several protected areasConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population trends should be conducted to confirm species status.Hognaingens included), there is no reliable information on range and trends for 16 (29%). Among the 40 with reliable information, 29 are widespread, with an estimated EOO > 200 km2 and AOO > 60 km2. Most of these are restricted to the laurisilva forest that occupies 20% of the area of Madeira Island and which is well preserved and protected for the most part.Out of 56 species evaluated , plant invasive species that reduce the habitat quality (Dysderaportisancti and H.ingens), wildfires at high mountain regions (Mesiotelusmaderianus) and possible competition for resources from congeners (Metabarreti and Xysticusgrohi).Seven species show a continuing decline in either range or population size. Their decline can be attributed to habitat destruction or degradation . While all other habitats have been subject to multiple recent projects using standardized intensive sampling, the mountain regions have been sporadically sampled, rarely in recent times. This habitat, known to host multiple endemic species of other taxa such as snails and beetles, was subjected to catastrophic wildfires in 2010 that affected many threatened endemics, and should therefore be the focus for future work with spiders. Furthermore, it will also be important to assess the vulnerability of these mountain habitats and their associated spider fauna to climate change effects.A few species are missing critical information to be able to assess their status, namely a couple that are only known from the high peaks of Madeira Island , ex-situ conservation, recovery and possible re-introduction could be a last resort or insurance against extinction, if this has not occurred yet.Among all the conservation measures suggested, the restoration of original habitat areas and control of invasive species are often a priority to guarantee the survival of threatened species. Many actions have been undertaken by the local authorities (Instituto das Florestas e da Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Natureza) in Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos to control and eradicate invasive plants and mammals jointly with habitat restoration programs. However, it is important not only to ensure the continuity of those actions, but also to monitor their effectiveness by assessing population changes in selected groups like spiders as they already proved to be efficient and effective bioindicators in many terrestrial ecosystems , includiThe network of protected areas in Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos is extensive and covers most of the areas known to harbour higher values of species richness and endemism . A clearIn conclusion, although most endemic spiders from Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos are in a favourable situation due to the good condition and protection of the laurisilva forests where many live, there are a number of species requiring urgent attention and protection measures. These include the few cave and mountain-restricted species or threatened by competing congeners or invasive plants. Extending current protected areas, restoring original habitats of threatened species and control invasive taxa are still a priority.DiscussionSupplementary material 1Araneushortensis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146332.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 2Arctosamaderana Roewer, 1960Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146336.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 3Centromerusanoculus Wunderlich, 1995Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146706.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 4Centromerussexoculatus Wunderlich, 1992Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146707.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 5Centromerusvariegatus Denis, 1962Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146340.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 6Ceratinopsisinfuscata Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146342.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 7Dipoenatalongitarsis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146343.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 8Drassodesrugichelis Denis, 1962Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146345.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 9Dysderaaneris Mac\u00edas-Hern\u00e1ndez & Arnedo, 2010Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_147143.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 10Dysderacoiffaiti Denis, 1962Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146347.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 11Dysderadiversa Blackwall, 1862Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146348.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 12Dysderaportisancti Wunderlich, 1995Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146350.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 13Dysderavandeli Denis, 1962Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146352.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 14Echemusmodestus Kulczynski, 1899Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146354.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 15Frontinellinadearmata Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146355.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 16Frontiphantesfulgurenotatus Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146359.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 17Hahniainsulana Schenkel, 1938Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146358.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 18Hognabiscoitoi Wunderlich, 1992Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146360.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 19Hognaheeri Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146364.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 20Hognainsularum Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146367.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 21Hognamaderiana Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146537.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 22Hognanonannulata Wunderlich, 1995Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146370.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 23Hognaschmitzi Wunderlich, 1992Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146774.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 24Lathysaffinis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146373.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 25Lepthyphantesimpudicus Kulczynski, 1909Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146374.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 26Lepthyphanteslundbladi Schenkel, 1938Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146375.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 27Lepthyphantesmauli Wunderlich, 1992Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146376.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 28Macaroerisdesertensis Wunderlich, 1992Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146377.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 29Macarophaeuscultior Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146378.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 30Mesiotelusmaderianus Kulczynski, 1899Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146380.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 31Metabarreti Kulczynski, 1899Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146381.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 32Metastridulans Wunderlich, 1987Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146382.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 33Misumenanigromaculata Denis, 1963Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146383.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 34Oecobiusminor Kulczynski, 1909Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_152599.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 35Oecobiusselvagensis Wunderlich, 1995Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146387.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 36Parapelecopsismediocris Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146395.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 37Philodromusinsulanus Kulczynski, 1905Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146396.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 38Philodromussimillimus Denis, 1962Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146398.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 39Pholcusdentatus Wunderlich, 1995Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146399.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 40Pholcusmadeirensis Wunderlich, 1987Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146402.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 41Pholcusmagnus Wunderlich, 1987Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146404.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 42Pholcusparvus Wunderlich, 1987Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146406.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 43Pholcussilvai Wunderlich, 1995Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_152600.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 44Prinerigonepigra Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146411.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 45Rugathodesmadeirensis Wunderlich, 1987Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146412.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 46Scotognaphapaivani Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146413.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 47Spermophoridesselvagensis Wunderlich, 1992Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146414.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 48Steatodadistincta Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146415.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 49Tenuiphantestenebricoloides Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146416.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 50Troglonetamadeirensis Wunderlich, 1987Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146417.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 51Turinyphiamaderiana Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146418.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 52Typhochrestusmadeirensis Crespo, 2013Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_149592.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 53Xysticusgrohi Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_152582.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 54Xysticusmadeirensis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146421.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 55Zimirinalepida Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_146423.kmlCardoso, P."}
{"text": "Nature Communications6 Article: 8754 ; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9754 (2015); Published: 10302015; Updated: 08082017fimH41_Newp, fimH44_Newp and fimH45_Newp alleles were inadvertently swapped. The correct version of Fig. 3 appears below as In Fig. 3 of this Article, the numbers of isolates studied for the"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Muhammet Ikbal Sahan. The correct citation is: Elsherif MM, Sahan MI, Rotshtein P (2017) The perceptual saliency of fearful eyes and smiles: A signal detection study. PLoS ONE 12(3): e0173199."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 3169610.1038/srep31696; published online: 08162016; updated: 01092017In this Article, an affiliation has been omitted for Myriam Catalano. The correct affiliations are listed below:Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo (INMED), Pozzilli, Italy."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports6: Article number: 2580310.1038/srep25803; published online: 05112016; updated: 03232017This Article contains errors in the order of Figures 1, 2 and 3."}
{"text": "The correct title is: The impact of the Brazilian family health strategy on selected primary care sensitive conditions: A systematic review. The correct citation is: Bastos ML, Menzies D, Hone T, Dehghani K, Trajman A (2017) The impact of the Brazilian family health strategy on selected primary care sensitive conditions: A systematic review. PLoS ONE12(8): e0182336."}
{"text": "The fourth author in the citation should be van der Wurff P. The correct citation is: Jonkergouw N, Prins MR, Buis AWP, van der Wurff P (2016) The Effect of Alignment Changes on Unilateral Transtibial Amputee\u2019s Gait: A Systematic Review. PLoS ONE11(12): e0167466."}
{"text": "Nature Communications8: Article number: 15944 ; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15944 (2017); Published: 06202017; Updated: 10252017The affiliation details for Sergei Prokhorenko are incorrect in this Article. A second affiliation should have been included as given below:Theoretical Materials Physics, Q-MAT CESAM, Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium.Also, the financial support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have included the following:Sergei Prokhorenko thank the University of Liege and the EU in the context of the FP7-PEOPLE-COFUND-BeIPDproject."}
{"text": "Specifically, the subheading that currently reads:Positive Control Dataset: Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Myocardial Perfusion Assessment in Coronary Artery Disease Trial (MR-IMPACT) Study of Depressionshould instead read:Positive Control Dataset: Magnetic Resonance-Improving Mood with Psychoanalytic and Cognitive Therapies (MR-IMPACT) Study of Depression."}
{"text": "AbstractHymenopteraParasitica and Chrysidoidea reported so far from Reunion Island is provided with host information. Data presented here is based on a review of the existing literature by the authors. The list includes: (1) 156 species of Ichneumonoidea belonging to 65 genera and 25 subfamilies ; (2) 121 species of Chalcidoidea belonging to 56 genera and 8 families ; (3) seven species of Cynipoidea ; (4) six species of Chrysidoidea in three families ; (5) five species of Platygastroidea (families Platygastridae and Scelionidae); (6) five species of Diaprioidea (family Diapriidae); (7) four species of Ceraphronoidae (families Ceraphronidae and Megaspilidae); and (8) two species of Evanioidea (family Evaniidae). This review records a total of 306 species.A review of the genera and species of  HymenopteraApocrita form one of the most species-rich groups of animals, potentially representing more than 20% of the world\u2019s insects  in mango and cucurbit fruits. Nevertheless, the taxonomic review of the fauna from Reunion Island has been conducted for a few groups. Ichneumonidae and provided a key to species of the Island with 15 species new to science. Some subfamilies of Braconidae (Ichneumonoidea) have been reviewed: Agathidinae), Opiinae), Euphorinae), Braet et al. , Microgastrinae). Braconidae of Malagasy subregion, including Reunion Island. Alysiinae and Opiinae (Braconidae) with 12 species new to science. Until to now the study of Ichneumonoidea has added more than 140 species to the list of To date, the diversity of and only . At thisIchneumonoidea were less studied. For example, the Chalcidoidea may have a diversity similar to or higher than that of the Ichneumonoidea. In fact, there are a lot of unpublished data from the work of Marc Atti\u00e9 (2001\u20132004). The material collected during his work is now at the CBGP in Montpellier (France).Superfamilies other than the HymenopteraParasitica of Reunion Island and the superfamily Chrysidoidea (belonging to the HymenopteraAculeata). We think this work will be a valuable tool for future inventories or work on biological control. Indeed, this work allows the detection of new indigenous natural enemies  and invasive hyperparasitoid or parasitoid of predators .By reviewing the published data, this work provides a first list of all the PageBreakIchneumonoidea) presented first. Genera known so far from Reunion Island are grouped according to subfamilies, and family affiliation. For convenience, families, subfamilies, genera and species are listed in alphabetical order. Genera and species names are followed by the names of the author(s) and year of first description, then by the reference of the record and, when available, host data.In this review, superfamilies are treated according to their importance, the most diverse  the Chalcidoidea, (3) the records for the other superfamilies, each with general host information.The review includes three tables summarizing (1) the The present work is a literature-based review. Therefore, users should be aware that it might contain some mistakes present in the original literature. However, all references are listed so that the records can be validated.Hymenoptera recorded from the island belonging to eight superfamilies. Of the species and genera reported from the island, at least 1 genus and 14 species of Ichneumonidae Recorded from: Granger 1949Host information: UnknownPageBreakCamptothlipsisGenus:  Enderlein, 1920Camptothlipsiscurticornis Granger, 1949Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Nephopterixbeharella   CoccygidiumGenus:  de Saussure, 1890Coccygidiumlutea Recorded from: Sz\u00e9pligeti 1904Condicaconducta, Mythimnacurvula, Mythimnaloreyi  (Host information: ctuidae) AdelphenaldisGenus:  Fischer, 2003Adelphenaldisgrimmorum Fischer, 2014Recorded from: Fischer 2014Host information: UnknownAdelphenaldisnanocorpus Fischer, 2014Recorded from: Fischer 2014Host information: UnknownAphaeretaGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1863Aphaereta sp.Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003DipteraCyclorrhapha  (Host information: Hyperparasitoid of doptera) CratospilaGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1863Cratospilasinenotaulis Fischer, 2014Recorded from: Fischer 2014Host information: UnknownPageBreakDacnusaGenus:  Haliday, 1833Dacnusasibirica Telenga, 1934Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Liriomyza spp.  (Host information: myzidae) Dacnusa sp.Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Dacnusa spp. are parasitoids of Liriomyza spp.   DinotremaGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1863Dinotremacandidiapex Fischer, 2014Recorded from: Fischer 2014Host information: UnknownSynaldisGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1863Synaldisdugainensis Fischer, 2014Recorded from: Fischer 2014Host information: UnknownSynaldisrobusticeps Fischer, 2014Recorded from: Fischer 2014Host information: UnknownAphidiusGenus:  Nees, 1818Aphidiuscamerunensis Mackauer, 1966Recorded from: Stary et al. 1994Sitobion spp.  (Host information: hididae) Aphidiuscolemani Viereck, 1912Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Hemiptera, Aphididae, Genera: Aphis, Aulacorthum, Brachycaudus, Brevicorinae, Capitophorus, Dysaphis, Hialopterus, Hayhurstia, Hyadaphis, Hypermizus, Macrosiphon, Melanaphis, Micromizus, Mizodes, Mizus, Pterocoma, Rhopalosiphum, Schizaphis, Thelaxis, Toxoptera  (Host information: hididae) PageBreakAphidiusseyrigi Granger, 1949Recorded from: Benoit 1957Hemiptera, AphididaeHost information: DiaeretiellaGenus:  Star\u00fd, 1960Diaeretiellarapae Recorded from: Quilici et al. 1988Myzuspersicae, Brevicorynebrassicae, Lipaphiserysimi on cabbage, cauliflower, mustard, etc. Aphiscraccivora, Aphisfabae, Aphisgossypii, Brachycaudushelichrysi, Hysteroneurasetariae, and Schizaphisgraminum  (Host information: hididae) PraonGenus:  Haliday, 1833Praon sp.Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Aphis sp. Host information: phis sp.  Uroleucophorbiae   hebetor Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Marucavitrata or Marucatestulalis , Lampidesboeticus , Corcyracephalonica, Etiellazinckenella   IphiaulaxGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1863Iphiaulaxdidymus Recorded from: Brull\u00e9 1846Host information: UnknownCharmonGenus:  Haliday, 1833Charmonramagei Rousse, 2013Recorded from: Rousse 2013Host information: UnknownPageBreakChelonusGenus:  Panzer, 1806Chelonus (Microchelonus) curvimaculatus Cameron, 1906Recorded from: Nephopterixbeharella  , Trichoplusiani   , Pectinotcuidae) Chelonus (Microchelonus) matilei Braet & Rousse, 2012Recorded from: Braet et al. 2012Host information: UnknownChelonus (Chelonus) mayi Braet & Rousse, 2012Recorded from: Braet et al. 2012Host information: UnknownChelonus (Microchelonus) merdicus Rousse & Braet, 2012Recorded from: Braet et al. 2012Host information: UnknownChelonus sp.Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Host information: UnknownIpodoryctesGenus:  Granger, 1949Ipodoryctes sp.Recorded from: Zaldivar-Riveron et al. 2008Coleoptera   CosmophorusGenus:  Ratzeburg, 1848Cosmophorusmerdiculatus Rousse & Braet, 2012Recorded from: Rousse and Braet 2012Cosmophorus spp. are endoparasitoidss of adult bark beetles   LeiophronGenus:  Nees, 1819Leiophronsarahae Rousse & Braet, 2012Recorded from: Rousse and Braet 2012Leiophron spp. are parasitoids of Miridae and Psocoptera  (Host information: ambidae) Apantelesbordagei Giard, 1902Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Crobylophoradaricella, Leucopteracaffeina, Leucopteramayricki  (Host information: Endoparasitoid of etiidae) Apantelesfontinalis de Saeger, 1944Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Apanteles are endoparasitoids of Lepidotera larvae   Apanteles (Apanteles) minatchy Rousse & Gupta, 2013Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Apanteles are endoparasitoids of Lepidotera larvae  nigrofemoratus Granger, 1949Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Tortyra sp.  (Host information: eutidae) Apanteles (Apanteles) phasmina Rousse, 2013Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Apanteles spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidotera larvae  romei Rousse, 2013Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Diaphina sp.  on Momordichacharantia (Cucurbitaceae) (Host information: itaceae) CotesiaGenus:  Cameron, 1891Cotesiaflavipes Cameron, 1891Recorded from: Kfir et al. 2002Arctiidae, Brachodidae, Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Pyralidae and Tortricidae, including major pests Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Arctiidae, Lasiocampidae, Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Notodontidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Plutellidae, Pterophoridae, Pyralidae and Tortricidae, including major pests Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Arctiidae, Brachodidae, Dilobidae, Gelechiidae, Geometridae, Hesperiidae, Lasiocampidae, Lycaenidae, Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Plutellidae, Pyralidae and Tortricidae Recorded from: Van Achterberg and Polaszek 1996Noctuidae and Pyralidae, including major pests Recorded from: Aubert 1966Diolcogaster spp. are endoparasitoids in 11 families of Lepidoptera including: Arctiidae, Geometridae, Lasiocampidae, Limacodidae, Lymantriidae, Noctuidae, Notodontidae, Plutellidae, Pyralidae, Tenthredinidae, and Thaumetopoeidae Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Brenthialeptocosma,  Macalla sp.   DistatrixGenus:  Mason, 1981Distatrixbelliger Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Helicoverpaarmigera, Pseudaletiaunipunctata and Mythimna sp.  (Host information: ctuidae) Distatrixyunae Rousse & Gupta, 2013Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Distatrix spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Glyptapanteles spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Naromasignifera  (Host information: triidae) Glyptapantelessubandinus Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Achyrabifidalis , Phthorimaeaopercullela and Scrobipalpulaabsoluta  on Solanumtuberosum (Solanaceae) (Host information: anaceae) MicroplitisGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1863Microplitissubsulcatus Granger, 1949Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Microplitis spp. are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae Recorded from: Rousse and Gupta 2013Venanides spp. are endoparasitoids of microlepidoptera larvae Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Ceratitiscapitata  (Host information: ritidae) Diachasmimorphatryoni Recorded from: Hurtrel et al. 1999Tephritidae (Diptera) (Host information: At least 6 species of Diptera) FopiusGenus:  Wharton, 1987Fopiusarisanus Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Bactrocerazonata, Ceratitiscapitata, Ceratitiscatoirii, Ceratitisrosa, Dacusciliatus, Dacusdemmerezi, Neoceratitiscyanescens  (Host information: ritidae) OpiusGenus:  Wesmael, 1835Opiusdissitus Muesebeck, 1963Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Liriomyza spp.  (Host information: myzidae) Opius (Utetes) coriacitergum Fischer, 2014Recorded from: Fischer 2014Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae  larvae Opius (Tolbia) karlmayi Fischer, 2014Recorded from: Fischer 2014Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae  larvae Opius (Utetes) lareunionensis Fischer, 2014Recorded from: Fischer 2014Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae  larvae PageBreakOpius (Gastrosema) laticrenis Fischer, 2014Recorded from: Fischer 2014Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae  larvae Opius (Opius) raoiformis Fischer, 2014Recorded from: Fischer 2014Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae  larvae Opius (Utetes) semipilosus Fischer, 2014Recorded from: Fischer 2014Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae  larvae Opius (Gastrosema) waterloti Granger, 1949Recorded from: Fischer and Madl 2008Opiinae are parasitoids of Cyclorrhapha (Diptera) larvae  larvae PsyttaliaGenus:  Walker, 1860Psyttaliacosyrae Recorded from: Doubtful record. Dacus sp.  (Host information: ritidae) Psyttaliadistinguenda Recorded from: Wharton et al. 1999Ceratitiscapitata  (Host information: ritidae) Psyttaliafletcheri Recorded from: Hurtrel et al. 1999Bactroceracucurbitae, Ceratitiscapitata and Dacusciliatus  (Host information: ritidae) Psyttaliainsignipennis Recorded from: Wharton et al. 1999Ceratitiscapitata, Ceratitiscatoirii and Neoceratitiscyanescens  (Host information: ritidae) PageBreakPsyttaliaphaeostigma Recorded from: Fischer 1987Dacusciliatus and Dacusdemmerezi  (Host information: ritidae) Psyttaliasanctamarina Recorded from: Fischer 1980Spathulinaaroleuca  (Host information: ritidae) Psyttaliasubsulcata Recorded from: Fischer and Madl 2008Spathulinaaroleuca  (Host information: ritidae) HimertosomaGenus:  Schimedeknecht, 1900Himertosomabebourensis Recorded from: Benoit 1957Banchinae are parasitoid of Lepidoptera larvae Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Banchinae are parasitoid of Lepidoptera larvae Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012PageBreakPlutellaxylostella, Plutellaopercula, Plutellaomissa, Plutellaarmoraciae  and Hellulaundalis  Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Plutellaxylostella,  and Phthorimaeaoperculella  (Host information: chiidae) DusonaGenus:  Cameron, 1901Dusonadouraguia Rousse & Villemant, 2012Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Campopleginae are generally parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but they sometimes parasitize Coleoptera and Neuroptera Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Campopleginae are generally parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but they sometimes parasitize Coleoptera and Neuroptera Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Campopleginae are generally parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but they sometimes parasitize Coleoptera and Neuroptera Recorded from: Benoit 1957Campopleginae are generally parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but they sometimes parasitize Coleoptera and Neuroptera Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Pyralidae, Noctuidae, Tortricidae, Gelechiidae, Tineidae and Yponomeutidae (Lepidoptera) (Host information: 23 species belonging to the families doptera) XanthocampoplexGenus:  Morley, 1913Xanthocampoplexhuberti Rousse & Villemant, 2012Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Campopleginae are generally parasitoids of Lepidoptera and Symphyta but they sometimes parasitize Coleoptera and Neuroptera  (Prophantissmaragdina (Host information: ellidae)  and PropTemeluchaGenus:  Meyrick, 1909Temeluchabasiornata Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Diopsis sp.   Temeluchalabusi Rousse & Villemant, 2012Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Cremastinae are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera or Coleoptera larvae in leave folds, tunnels, buds, galls or other concealed situations Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Grapholitacritica , Etiellabehrii , Bilobatasubsecivella  on peanut, Phthorimaeaoperculella  on potato Recorded from: Benoit 1957Oryzasativa (Poaceae) field (Host information: An unidentified stem borer on e) field Temeluchatalibarti Rousse, Villemant & Seyrig, 2011Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Cremastinae are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera or Coleoptera larvae in leave folds, tunnels, buds, galls or other concealed situations Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Cremastinae are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera or Coleoptera larvae in leave folds, tunnels, buds, galls or other concealed situations Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Lepidoptera   PageBreakAcrolytaGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1868Acrolytadindar Rousse & Villemant, 2012Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Cryptinae generally are ectoparasitoids of Holometabola pupae or prepupae. Some species are endoparasitoids, and some species parasitize the egg masses of Araneae and Pseudoscorpionida. Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Apanteles sp.  ex Naptaserratilinea  and Nepheledensoi  on mimosa (Mimosa sp.) (Host information: osa sp.) ParaphylaxGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1869Paraphylaxmussar Rousse & Villemant, 2012Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Paraphylax spp. are parasitoids of Heliothisarmigera   Paraphylaxtransversatoria Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Paraphylax spp. are parasitoids of Heliothisarmigera   PhygadeuonGenus:  Gravenhorst, 1829Phygadeuonnativel Rousse & Villemant, 2012Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Phygadeuon spp. are parasitoids of Muscadomestica  and Rhagoletiscerasi   DiplazonGenus:  Nees, 1918Diplazonlaetatorius Recorded from: de Saussure 1892PageBreakDiptera, especially aphidophagous syrphid flies (more than 50 host species reported in Syrphidae) (Host information: Parasitoid of a wide range of rphidae) CryteaGenus:  Cameron, 1906Cryteaalbitrochanterata Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Ichneumoninae are endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae or pupae  (Host information: pyrinae) MesochorusGenus:  Gravenhorst, 1829Mesochoruscariniferus Benoit, 1955Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Mesochorinae are hyperparasitoids of Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) or Tachinidae (Diptera)  Mesochorus sp.Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Mesochorinae are hyperparasitoids of Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera) or Tachinidae (Diptera)  TriclistusGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1869Triclistusaitkeni Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Cnaphalocrocismedinalis (Guen\u00e9e)  on rice (Oryzasativa) (Host information: sativa) PageBreakEnicospilusGenus:  Stephens, 1835Enicospilusangustatus Recorded from: Bordage 1914Enicospilus spp. are nocturnal endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Achaeafaber, Dysgoniapudica, Dysgoniatriplocyma, Heliophismaklugii, and Tatoriniarufipennis  (Host information: ctuidae) Enicospilusdolosus Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Anomisleona  and Haritalodesderogate  (Host information: ambidae) Enicospilusdubius Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Anomisleona, Chrysodeixischalcites  and Plusia sp.  (Host information: usiidae) Eniscopilusgrandiflavus Townes, 1973Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Enicospilus spp. are nocturnal endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera Recorded from: Bordage 1914PageBreakChilosacchariphagus , Leucanialoreyi , Mythimnaloreyi , Olethreutesschistaceanus, Tetramoeraschistaceana , Procheratasacchariphaga, Proceratavenostata , Sesamiacalamistis, Sesamiainferens, Sesamianonagrioides, Speiavuteria  (Host information: pyrinae) Enicospilusrufus Recorded from: Benoit 1957Ctenoplusialimbirena, Trigonodeshyppasia  (Host information: ctuidae) .Enicospilusruscus Gauld & Mitchell, 1978Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Mythimnaloreyi, Sesamiabotanephaga, Sesamiaveturia,  (Host information: ctuidae) Enicospilussesamiae Delobel, 1974Recorded from: Zwart 1998Proceratavenosata   (Host information: hodidae) , Busseolctuidae) Enicospilustransvaalensis Cameron, 1911Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Mythimna sp. and Sesamiacalamistis  (Host information: ctuidae) Enicospilusvitry Rousse & Villemant, 2012Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Enicospilus spp. are nocturnal endoparasitoids of Lepidoptera   PageBreakOrthocentrusGenus:  Gravenhorst, 1829Orthocentrusurbanus Seyrig, 1934Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Orthocentrinae are endoparasitoids of Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera)  PantisarthrusGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1871Pantisarthrusisolatus Recorded from: Benoit 1957Orthocentrinae are endoparasitoids of Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera)  ProclitusGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1869Proclitusligatus Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Orthocentrinae are endoparasitoids of Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera)  StenomacrusGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1869Stenomacruspayet Rousse & Villemant, 2012Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Orthocentrinae are endoparasitoids of Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera)  TariqiaGenus:  Rousse and Villemant, 2012Tariqiastellaris Rousse & Villemant, 2012Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Orthocentrinae are endoparasitoids of Mycetophilidae and Sciaridae (Diptera)  EchthromorphaGenus:  Holmgren, 1868Echthromorphaspinator Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Nagialinteola  (Host information: ctuidae) ItoplectisGenus:  Itoplectisalbipes Seyrig 1932Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Itoplectisalbipes uses echolocation when foraging for hosts Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Pimplinae are generally ectoparasitoids of pupae and larvae of Holometabola. Some species parasitize adult and egg sacs od Araneae Recorded from: Kfir et al. 2002Pyralidae (Lepidoptera) (Host information: More than 30 species of doptera) ZatypotaGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1869Zatypotainexpectata Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Pimplinae are generally ectoparasitoids of pupae and larvae of Holometabola. Some species parasitize adult and egg sacs od Araneae . Some species parasitize Symphyta (Hymenoptera)  PageBreakDiaparsisGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1869Diaparsisramassamy Rousse & Villemant, 2012Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Tersilochinae are endoparasitoids of Coleoptera . Some species parasitize Symphyta (Hymenoptera)  NeteliaGenus:  Gray, 1860Neteliamelanopus Recorded from: de Saussure 1892Mythimnaloreyi, Sesamiacalamistis, Sesamiainferens , Olethreutesschistaceanus  and Chilosacchariphagus   Netelia sp.Recorded from: Rousse and Villemant 2012Netelia spp. are ectoparasitoids of Lepidoptera larvae  and Ficusaldabrensis Baker C.C. Berg  (Host information: oraceae) PlatyscapaGenus:  Motschoulsky, 1863Platyscapaetiennei Wiebes, 1977Recorded from: Wiebes 1977Ficussalicifolia Vahl (Moraceae) (Wiebes 1977)Host information: CeratosolenGenus:  Mayr, 1885Ceratosolencoecus Recorded from: Coquerel 1855Ficusmauritiana Lam. (Moraceae) (Coquerel 1855)Host information: KradibiaGenus:  Saunders, 1883Kradibiaetiennei Wiebes, 1990Recorded from: Wiebes and Gompton 1990Ficuslateriflora Vahl (Moraceae) (Wiebes and Gompton 1990)Host information: SycophagaGenus:  Westwood, 1840Sycophagaexplorator Recorded from: Coquerel 1855Sycophaga are parasites of figs (Coquerel 1855)Host information: Unknown. But PageBreakAphelinusGenus:  Dalman, 1820Aphelinusasychis Walker, 1839Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Hemiptera, Aphididae  (Host information: miptera) Aphelinusmariscusae Recorded from: Risbec 1957Aphididae (Hemiptera) and particularly Micromyzus (Kugegania) ageni (Host information: a) ageni Aphelinusvaripes Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Aphididae (Hemiptera) (Host information: miptera) AphytisGenus:  Howard, 1900Aphytisafricanus Quednau, 1964Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Aonidiellaaurantii  (Host information: pididae) Aphytiscoheni DeBach, 1960Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Aspidiotusnerii  (Host information: pididae) Aphytisholoxanthus DeBach, 1960Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Chrysomphalusaonidum  (Host information: pididae) Aphytislepidosaphes Compere, 1955Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Lepidosaphesbeckii  (Host information: pididae) PageBreakAphytislignanensis Compere, 1955Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Aonidiellaaurantii, Pseudaulacaspispentagona  (Host information: pididae) Aphytismelinus DeBach, 1959Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Aonidiellaaurantii  (Host information: pididae) MariettaGenus:  Motschulsky, 1863Mariettaleopardina Motschulsky, 1863Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003hemiptera and scales parasitic hymenoptera species (Shabaan 2003)Host information: Hyperparasitoid of 48 CalesGenus:  Howard, 1907Calesnoacki Howard, 1907Recorded from: Etienne 1977Aleurothrixusfloccosus, Host information: occosus,  Aleurotratratus  Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Coccusviridis, Coccushesperidum, Saissetiacoffeae, Ceroplastes spp., Pulvinariapsidii, Pulvinariapolygonata , scales and mealybugs belonging to Diaspididae and Pseudococcidae (Hemiptera) have also been recorded as hosts  Host information: iaoleae , SaissetPageBreakCoccophagusrusti Compere, 1928Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Saissetiaoleae  (Host information: occidae) EncarsiaGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1878Encarsiaacaudaleyrodis Hayat, 1976Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Acaudaleyrodesrachipora, Tetraleurodesleguminicola, Bemisiatabaci  (Host information: rodidae) Encarsiabrasiliensis Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001AleurodicusdispersusBemisiatabaci, LecanoideusfloccissimusTrialeurodesvaporarium  (Host information: rodidae) Encarsiacitrina Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Coccoidae (Hemiptera)  Encarsiadiaspidicola Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Pseudaulacaspispentagona  (Host information: pididae) Encarsiaformosa Gahan, 1924Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera) (Host information: About 20 species in 8 genera of miptera) Encarsialounsburyi Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Parlatoriaziziphi, Aonidiellacitrina and Parlatoriapergandii  (Host information: ccoidae) Encarsialuteola Howard, 1895Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Bemisiaargentifolii, Bemisiatabaci  (Host information: rodidae) Encarsianigricephala Dozier, 1937Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Trialeurodesabulitonius, Trialeurodesfloridensis, Trialeurodesvaporariorum Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Quadraspidiotusperniciosus Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Bemisiatabaci, Trialeurodesvaporarium  (Host information: rodidae) Encarsiatabacivora Viggiani, 1985Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Aleyrodidae (Hemiptera) (Host information: 14 species from 9 genera of miptera) EretmocerusGenus:  Haldeman, 1850Eretmocerushayati Zolnerowich & Rose, 1998Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Bemisiatabaci, Trialeurodesvaporarium  (Host information: rodidae) Eretmocerusmundus Mercet, 1931Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Bemisiaargentifolii   (Host information: rodidae) , Bemisiarodidae) BrachymeriaGenus:  Westwood, 1829Brachymerianephantidis Gahan, 1930Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011Nephantisserinopa   (Host information: citidae) , Corcyraralidae) PageBreakBrachymeriapodagrica Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011Diptera such as: Chrysomyaalbiceps     and Sarchagidae) DirhinusGenus:  Dalman, 1818Dirhinusgalesusaeformis Recorded from: Risbec 1957Host information: UnknownDirhinusgiffardii Silvestri, 1913Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Diptera, Tephritidae , Hydrotaeaaenescens, Stomoxyscalcitrans, and Muscadometica   pupae (Host information: uscidae) . Dirhinua) pupae EpitranusGenus:  Walker, 1834Epitranuserythrogaster Cameron, 1888Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011Corcyracephalonica  (Boucek 2007)Host information: Epitranusevanioides Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011Host information: UnknownPageBreakAntrocephalusGenus:  Kirby, 1883Antrocephaluscrassipes Masi, 1940Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011Host information: UnknownAntrocephalusdividens Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011Host information: UnknownHockeriaGenus:  Walker, 1834Hockeriafulvipes Masi, 1917Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011Host information: UnknownProconuraGenus:  Dodd, 1915Proconuraeublemmae Recorded from: Ramage et al. 2011Eublemmagayneri  (Host information: ctuidae) AgeniaspisGenus:  Dahlbom, 1857Ageniaspiscitricola Logvinovskaya, 1983Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Phyllocnistiscitrella  Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Yponomeutamalinellus   (Host information: eutidae) , Acrolepepiidae) AloencyrtusGenus:  Prinsloo, 1978Aloencyrtusobscuratus Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Aloencyrtus appear to be exclusively parasitic in Coccidae (Hemiptera) (Host information: Unknown. But miptera) PageBreakArrhenophagusGenus:  Aurivillius, 1888Arrhenophaguschionaspidis Aurivillius, 1888Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Pseudaulacaspispentagona  (Host information: pididae) CheiloneurusGenus:  Westwood, 1833Cheiloneuruscyanonotus Waterston, 1917Recorded from: Risbec 1957Phenacoccusmanihoti  (Host information: occidae) ComperiellaGenus:  Howard, 1906Comperiellabifasciata Howard, 1906Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Aonidiellacitrina, Aonidiellaaurantii, Aspidiotusdestructor  (Host information: pididae) CopidosomaGenus:  Ratzeburg, 1844Copidosomakoehleri Blanchard, 1940Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Phtorimeaoperculella  (Host information: chiidae) DiaphorencyrtusGenus:  Hayat, 1981Diaphorencyrtusaligarhensis Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Diaphorinacitri  (Host information: yllidae) HabrolepisGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1856Habrolepisrouxi Compere, 1936Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Anonidiellaaurantii  (Host information: pididae) HomalotylusGenus:  Mayr, 1876Homalotyluseytelweinii Recorded from: Delpoux et al. 2013Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) from the tribes Coccinellini, Chilocorini, and Psylloborini  (Host information: occidae) MicroterysGenus:  Thomson, 1876Microterysnietneri Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Hemiptera, Coccidae especially on citrus Recorded from: Aubert 1975Triozaeryteae  (Host information: yllidae) SyrphophagusGenus:  Ashmead, 1900Syrphophagusafricanus Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Lysiphlebustestaceipes, Phelinusficusae) (Host information: Hyperparasitoid of some aphid parasitoids (e.g. ficusae) CoccidoxenoidesGenus:  Girault, 1915Coccidoxenoidesperminutus Girault, 1915Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Planococcusficus  (Host information: occidae) ChrysocharisGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1856Chrysocharisbedius Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Liriomyza species  (Host information: myzidae) PageBreakChrysocharis sp.Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Liriomyza species  (Host information: myzidae) ChrysonotomyiaGenus:  Ashmead, 1904Chrysonotomyiapulcherrima Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Procontariniamatteiana  (Host information: myiidae) NeochrysocharisGenus:  Kurdjumov, 1912Neochrysocharisformosa Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Liriomyza species  (Host information: myzidae) Neochrysocharis sp.Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Liriomyza species  (Host information: myzidae) PlatocharisGenus:  Kerrich, 1969Platochariscoffeae Recorded from: Kerrich 1969Leucoptera spp.) (Host information: Coffee leaf-miners (ra spp.) CirrospilusGenus:  Westwood, 1832Cirrospiluscinctiventris Ferri\u00e8re, 1936Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Leucoptera  (Host information: Leaf-miners from genus etiidae) Cirrospiluscrowei Kerrich, 1969Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Phyllocnistiscitrella  (Host information: ariidae) ElachertusGenus:  Spinola, 1811Elachertusinsularis .Recorded from: Risbec 1957Host information: UnknownPageBreakElasmusGenus:  Westwood, 1833Elasmusmasii Ferri\u00e8re, 1929Recorded from: Risbec 1957Lepidoptera  (Host information: myzidae) NotanisomorphellaGenus:  Girault, 1913Notanisomorphellaborborica Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Leucoptera  (Host information: Leaf-miners from genus etiidae) StenomesiusGenus:  Westwood, 1833Stenomesiusbelouvi Recorded from: Risbec 1957Host information: UnknownPageBreakStenomesiusmasii Recorded from: Risbec 1957Host information: UnknownAprostocetusGenus:  Westwood, 1833Aprostocetusceroplastae Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Ceroplastesdestructor  (Host information: occidae) Aprostocetustoddaliae Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Ceroplastesrusci  (Host information: occidae) GyrolasiaGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1856Gyrolasiahellburgi Recorded from: Risbec 1957Host information: UnknownNesolynxGenus:  Ashmead, 1905Nesolynxphaeosoma Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Nephopterixbeharella   OomyzusGenus:  Rondani, 1870Oomyzussokolowskii Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Plutellaxylostella  (Host information: utoidea) QuadrastichusGenus:  Girault, 1913Quadrastichuserythrinae Kim, 2004Recorded from: Kim et al. 2004Erythrina Recorded from: Etienne and Aubert 1980PageBreakHemiptera, Psyllidae) (Host information: Ectoparasitoid of Psyllid larvae (yllidae) Tamaraxiaradiata Recorded from: Aubert et al. 1979Hemiptera, Psyllidae) (Host information: Ectoparasitoid of Psyllid larvae (yllidae) TetrastichusGenus:  Haliday, 1844Tetrastichusgiffardianus Silvestri, 1915Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Diptera)  Tetrastichusgyrolasiaeformis Risbec, 1957Recorded from: Risbec 1957Host information: UnknownTetrastichussesamiae Risbec, 1951Recorded from: Risbec 1957Lepidoptera Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Ceroplastes sp., Saissetiaoleae, Saissetiasomereni and Saissetia sp.  (Host information: occidae) MoranilaGenus:  Cameron, 1883Moranilacalifornica Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Saissetiaoleae, Ceroplastesfloridensis (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (Host information: occidae) HalticopteraGenus:  Spinola, 1811Halticoptera sp.Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Melanagromyzaphaseoli, Liriomyza spp.  (Host information: myzidae) PageBreakMuscidifuraxGenus:  Girault & Sanders, 1910Muscidifuraxraptor Girault & Sanders, 1910Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Muscadomestica, Stomoxyscalcitrans and other Synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera  (Host information: uscidae) Muscidifuraxuniraptor Kogan & Legner, 1970Recorded from: Quilici et al. 2003Muscadomestica, Stomoxyscalcitrans and other Synanthropic filth-breeding Diptera  (Host information: uscidae) PachyneuronGenus:  Walker, 1833Pachyneuron sp.Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Pachyneuron are mostly Hyperparasitoid of Hemiptera, Aphididae, and some Diptera Dendrocerus emerged from a specimen of Rodoliachermesina  Host information: The identified PloskanaGenus:  Boucek, 1976Ploskanatenuis Boucek, 1976Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Bactroceracucurbitae  (Host information: ritidae) PteromalusGenus:  Swederus, 1795Pteromalus sp.Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Pteromalus are parasitoids of larvae and pupae of various holometabolous insects, for instance Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, gall forming Hymenoptera  and Diptera (Tephritidae)  SpodophagusGenus:  Delvare & Rasplus, 1994Spodophaguslepidopterae Recorded from: Risbec 1952Spodopteralittoralis  (Host information: ctuidae) PageBreakTrichomalopsisGenus:  Crawford, 1913Trichomalopsis sp.Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Diptera, Muscidae   (Host information: uscidae) , Dacuscritidae) Spalangiagemina Boucek, 1963Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Diptera, Muscidae  (Host information: ritidae) SeresGenus:  Waterston, 1919Seresbouceki Recorded from: Wiebes 1981Ficusreflexareflexa Thunb. and Ficusreflexaaldabrensis (Baker) C.C. Berg  (Coquerel 1855)Host information: PageBreakSycoryctesGenus:  Mayr, 1885Sycoryctesanceps Wiebes, 1981Recorded from: Wiebes 1981Ficusdensifolia Miq. (Moraceae) (Host information: oraceae) Sycoryctescaelebs Wiebes, 1975Recorded from: Wiebes 1975Ficusdensifolia Miq. and Ficusrubra (Moraceae) (Host information: oraceae) Sycoryctescomparabilis Wiebes, 1981Recorded from: Wiebes 1981Ficusdensifolia Miq. (Moraceae) (Host information: oraceae) Sycoryctesremus Wiebes, 1981Recorded from: Bou\u010dek et al. 1981Ficusreflexareflexa Thunb. and Ficusburkei (Miq.) Miq. (Moraceae) (Host information: oraceae) SycoscapterGenus:  Saunders, 1883Sycoscaptergibbus Saunders, 1883Recorded from: Saunders 1883Ficuspolitoria Lam.and Ficuslateriflora Vahl (Moraceae) (Saunders 1883)Host information: Sycoscaptertibialis Wiebes, 1981Recorded from: Wiebes 1981Ficusrubra Vahl (Moraceae) (Host information: oraceae) PhilotrypesisGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1878Philotrypesiscnephaea Wiebes, 1981Recorded from: Wiebes 1981Ficusreflexareflexa Thunb. (Moraceae) (Host information: oraceae) WatshamiellaGenus:  Wiebes, 1981Watshamiellafictitia Wiebes, 1981Recorded from: Wiebes 1981Ficusrubra Vahl (Moraceae) (Host information: oraceae) Watshamiellalucens Wiebes, 1981Recorded from: Wiebes 1981Ficusdensifolia Miq. (Moraceae) (Host information: oraceae) PageBreakChartocerusGenus:  Motschulsky, 1859Chartocerus sp.Recorded from: Delvare G. unpublished determination (2013)Dendroceruswollastoni emerged from a specimen of Rodoliachermesina  in Reunion Island Host information: In 2013 MegastigmusGenus:  Dalman, 1820Megastigmustransvaalensis Recorded from: Habeck et al. 1989Rhus and Schinus (Anacardiaceae) (Host information: Develops on plants in the genera diaceae) TrichogrammaGenus:  Westwood, 1833Trichogrammachilonis Ishii, 1941Recorded from: Vayssi\u00e8res et al. 2001Plutellaxylostella  (Host information: ellidae) PageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPageBreakPhaenoglyphisGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1869Phaenoglyphisvillosa Recorded from: Evenhuis and Barbotin 1977Aphisnerii  (Evenhuis and Barbotin 1977), Hyperparasitoid of Aphididae (Hemiptera) via Aphidiinae  (Host information: conidae) AganaspisGenus:  Lin, 1987Aganaspisdaci Recorded from: Etienne 1975Bactroceradorsalis (Anastrephasuspensa (Nu\u00f1ez-Bueno 1982), Ceratitiscapitata and Ceratitisrosa   LeptopilinaGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1869Leptopilinafreyae Allemand & Nordlander, 2003Recorded from: Allemand et al. 2003Drosophila ssp.  Host information: Leptopilinaguineanensis Allemand & Nordlander, 2003Recorded from: Allemand et al. 2003Drosophila ssp.  Host information: Leptopilinaorientalis Allemand & Nordlander, 2003Recorded from: Allemand et al. 2003Drosophila ssp.  Host information: Leptopilinavictoriae Nordlander, 1980Recorded from: Allemand et al. 2003Drosophila ssp.  Host information: RhoptromerisGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1869Rhoptromerisbupalus Quinlan, 1986Recorded from: Quinlan 1986Chloropidae (Diptera) on grass and fungi  on grass and fungi Recorded from: Polaszek et al. 1994Maliarphaseparatiella , Cryptophlebialeucotreta, Cryptophlebiapeltastica, Cryptophlebiasemilunana, Eccopsispraecedens, Strepsicratesrhothia  (Host information: eutidae) SenesegaGenus:  Kimsey, 2005Senesegaattiei Kimsey, 2005Recorded from: Kimsey 2005Phasmatodea (Kimsey 2005)Host information: Probably parasitoid of ChrysisGenus:  Linnaeus, 1761Chrysisgheudei Gu\u00e9rin-M\u00e9neville, 1842Chrysislincea Fabricius 1775  and Sceliphronfuscum  (Host information: hecidae) PraestochrysisGenus:  Linsenmaier, 1959Praestochrysislusca Recorded from: Bordage 1912Chalybionmadecassum, Sceliphronfuscum  (Host information: hecidae) PageBreakAnteonGenus:  Jurine, 1807Anteonreunionense Olmi, 1987Recorded from: Olmi 1987Dryinidae (including Anteon) are parasitoids of Homoptera auchenorrhyncha and commonly called \u201cCicada wasps\u201d (Host information: hacidae) LeptacisGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1856Leptacisrisbeci Masner, 1960Recorded from: Madl 2016Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) (Host information: Parasitoids of Diptera) SynopeasGenus:  F\u00f6rster, 1856Synopeaspauliani Recorded from: Masner 1960Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) (Host information: Parasitoids of Diptera) MacroteleiaGenus:  Westwood, 1935Macroteleiainsularis Recorded from: Risbec 1957Host information: UnknownPageBreakStyloteleiaGenus:  Kieffer, 1916Styloteleiagibbosa Risbec, 1957Recorded from: Risbec 1957Host information: UnknownTelenomusGenus:  Haliday, 1833Telenomusbusseolae Gahan, 1922Recorded from: Rao and Nagaraja 1969Busseolafusca, Sesamiacalamistis and Sesamiacretica   TrichopriaGenus:  Ashmead, 1893Trichopriabelouvi Recorded from: Madl 2015Trichopria are parasitoids of Tachinidae (Diptera) (Tephritidae (Diptera) (Host information: Unknown. But Diptera)  and TephDiptera) Trichopriainconspicua Recorded from: Huggert 1977, Madl 2015Trichopria are parasitoids of Tachinidae (Diptera) (Tephritidae (Diptera) (Host information: Unknown. But Diptera)  and TephDiptera) Trichopriajeanneli Notton, 2004Recorded from: Madl 2015Trichopria are parasitoids of Tachinidae (Diptera) (Tephritidae (Diptera) (Host information: Unknown. But Diptera)  and TephDiptera) Trichopriascotti Recorded from: Risbec 1957Trichopria are parasitoids of Tachinidae (Diptera) (Tephritidae (Diptera) (Host information: Unknown. But Diptera)  and TephDiptera) PageBreakTrichopriavariabilis Recorded from: Madl 2015Trichopria are parasitoids of Tachinidae (Diptera) (Tephritidae (Diptera) (Host information: Unknown. But Diptera)  and TephDiptera) AphanogmusGenus:  Thomson, 1858Aphanogmusfijiensis Recorded from: Madl 2015Cotesiasesamiae  (Host information: conidae) CeraphronGenus:  Jurine, 1807Ceraphronamphimelas Dessart, 1989Recorded from: Madl 2015Hemiptera, Diaspididae Recorded from: Madl 2015Neuroptera, Chrysopidae  in Reunion Island Host information: ysopidae . In 2013Dendrocerus sp.Recorded from: Delvare G. unpublished determination (2013)Dendroceruswollastoni.Host information: Cf. PageBreakEvaniaGenus:  Fabricius, 1775Evaniaappendigaster Recorded from: Madl and Ganeshan 2008Periplanetaamericana and possibly that of Periplanetaaustralasiae and Rhyparobiamaderae  (Host information: Oviposits within the oothecae of attidae) ProsevaniaGenus:  Kieffer, 1911Prosevaniaerythrosoma Recorded from: Recorded from Rodrigues and Mauritious, but not yet from Reunion Island Blattaorientalis  (Host information: Oviposits within the oothecae of attidae) PageBreakPageBreak"}
{"text": "Clinical data indicating a heart rate (HR) target during rate control therapy for permanent atrial fibrillation (AF) and assessing its eventual relationship with reduced exercise tolerance are lacking. The present study aims at investigating the impact of resting HR on the hemodynamic response to exercise in permanent AF patients by means of a computational cardiovascular model.4, VCI6 and VCI8).The AF lumped-parameter model was run to simulate resting  and various exercise conditions , considering different resting HR . To compare relative variations of cardiovascular variables upon exertion, the variation comparative index (VCI)\u2014the absolute variation between the exercise and the resting values in SHR simulations referred to the absolute variation in HHR simulations\u2014was calculated at each exercise grade , while for systemic arterial pressure the opposite is true .Pulmonary venous pressure underwent a greater increase in HHR compared to SHR simulations (VCIThe computational findings suggest that a slower, with respect to a higher resting HR, might be preferable in permanent AF patients, since during exercise pulmonary venous pressure undergoes a slighter increase and systemic blood pressure reveals a more appropriate increase. Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac arrhythmia, is a major healthcare burden, whose prevalence is constantly rising. In case of permanent AF, a rate control approach combined with an oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) is generally adopted to decreReduced exercise tolerance is, together with chest pain, palpitations and shortness of breath, one of the major symptoms of AF. The decline in exercise capacity during AF is typically on the order of 15% to 20%, 7. DropThis topic is still widely debated, and the relationship between AF and exercise tolerance remains uncertain. The underlying mechanisms are not clear, but most probably rapid and irregular rate plays a key role, together with the consequent reduced passive ventricular filling in early diastole. Being likely that a greater increase in HR (given the same amount of exertion) is related to a worse tolerance, it is sStarting from a lumped mathematical algorithm , 16, 17 The hereby adopted mathematical model is able to measure the effects of AF on the cardiovascular system and it has extensively been validated in resting conditions through systematic comparison with more than thirty clinical studies providing AF hemodynamic data. The prelaed), left atrial volume (Vlaed), left ventricular pressure (Plved), left ventricular volume (Vlved). End-systolic values refer to the instant defined by the closure of the aortic valve, while end-diastolic values correspond to the closure of the mitral valve. Left ventricular performance was evaluated through the following hemodynamic parameters: stroke volume, SV = Vlved\u2014Vlves [ml], ejection fraction, EF = SV/Vlved x 100% [%], stroke work, SW/min [J/min], measured as the area within the left ventricle pressure-volume loop per beat, and cardiac output, CO = SV x HR [l/min]. Oxygen consumption was also estimated through the tension time index per minute, TTI/min = Plv x RR x HR [mmHg s/min]. In addition, systemic arterial , pulmonary arterial  and venous (Ppvn) pressures [mmHg] were evaluated.Left heart dynamics were evaluated in terms of volume [ml] and pressure [mmHg], also considering end-diastolic (ed) and end-systolic (es) values: left atrial pressure , resting simulation corresponds to 1 MET, while exercise simulations were designed to resemble, respectively, a light effort , a moderate effort (6 METs\u2014e.g. skiing) and a vigorous effort (8 METs\u2014e.g. running). Starting from 1 MET see , exercislv,max) and maximum right ventricular elastance  were increased, given the enhanced cardiac inotropism, CQ: flow coefficient [ml/(s mmHg0.5)], K: valve coefficient. List of subscripts. la: left atrium, lv: left ventricle, ra: right atrium, rv: right ventricle, mi: mitral, ao: aortic, ti: tricuspid, po: pulmonary, un: unstressed, min: minimum, max: maximum, sas: systemic aortic sinus, sat: systemic artery, sar: systemic arterioles, scp: systemic capillary, svn: systemic vein, pas: pulmonary artery sinus, pat: pulmonary artery, par: pulmonary arterioles, pcp: pulmonary capillary, pvn: pulmonary vein, p: effect of pressure force, f: frictional action, b: velocity effect on the valve dynamics, due to blood motion, v: vortex effect on the valve dynamics.Lumped-model parameters at baseline. P: pressure [mmHg], V: volume [ml], Q: flow rate [ml/s], \u03d1: valve opening angle [rad]. E: elastance [mmHg/ml], C: compliance [ml/mmHg], R: resistance [mmHg s/ml], L: inductance [mmHg s(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S2 Tablesas, Ppvn, Ppas,dias, SV) are reported in SHR.Cardiovascular parameters in (DOCX)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "In the original publication  was equaFurthermore reference 1 and 2 were incorrect. The correct versions can found below:Incorrect equation in the online PDF:Correct equation in the online article:Incorrect reference 11. Manasreh MO, Weaver BD (2001) Local vibrational modes of carbonhydrogen complexes in proton irradiated AlGaN. Mater Res 692:403\u2013409Should be exchanged with this one:Davis RF (1991) III-V Nitrides for Electronic and Optoelectronic Applications. Proc IEEE 79: 702-712Incorrect reference 22. Sun WH, Chen KM, Yang ZJ, Li J, Tong YZ, Jin SX, Zhang GY, Zhang QL, Qin GG (1999) Using Fourier transform infrared grazing incidence reflectivity to study local vibrational modes in GaN. J Appl Phys 85:6430\u20136433Should be exchanged with this one:Xing H, Keller S, Wu Y-F, et al (2001) Gallium nitride based transistors. J Phys Condens Matter 7139: 7139-7157The equation in the online article has been updated to rectify this error."}
{"text": "Aims: To evaluate erythropoietic response rates to oral iron over time in iron-deficient anemic patients with nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD). Materials and methods: FIND-CKD was a 1-year, randomized, multicenter trial of iron therapy in patients with ND-CKD, anemia, and iron deficiency, without erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) therapy. Patients with active infection or C-reactive protein >\u00a020 mg/L were excluded. In this post-hoc analysis, response was defined as \u2265 1 g/dL increase in hemoglobin (Hb) from baseline, before initiation of alternative anemia therapy . Results: 308 patients received oral iron . Mean (SD) Hb at baseline was 10.4 (0.7) g/dL. At week 4, Hb data were available from 292 patients without alternative anemia therapy: 63/292 (21.6%) showed a response. Among the 229 nonresponders at week 4, 48.8% showed a cumulative response on \u2265 1 occasion by week 52 , and 27.9% had received alternative iron therapy by week 52. Baseline levels of Hb, ferritin, and transferrin saturation were lower in responders than in nonresponders. Neither concomitant medication nor adherence (as assessed by medication count) was substantially different between early responders and nonresponders. Conclusion: Four weeks after starting oral iron therapy, only 21.6% of anemic patients with ND-CKD and iron deficiency showed an Hb increase of at least 1 g/dL. Among early nonresponders, < 30% responded at any subsequent time point. Earlier consideration of alternative therapy could improve anemia management in this population.  Iron deficiency is an important contributory factor in the pathogenesis of anemia in patients with nondialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (ND-CKD). When thresholds for iron parameters are applied that have been established in dialysis patients, iron deficiency affects ~ 60% of male and 70% of female ND-CKD patients . There a]. However, gastrointestinal side-effects are frequent, and rapid iron repletion is by no means assured since the bioavailability of iron from oral preparations is low and varies widely. Numerous factors contribute to this variability. Elevated hepcidin levels induced by the chronic inflammatory state of uremia ), Marti Vall\u00e9s (Girona), Julio Pascual (Barcelona); Sweden: Peter B\u00e1r\u00e1ny (Stockholm); Switzerland: Patrice M Ambuehl (Z\u00fcrich); Turkey: Sehsuvar Erturk (Ankara), Mustafa Arici (Ankara), Saime Paydas (Adnana), Zeki Soypacaci (Izmir), Taner Camsari (Izmir), Sedat Ustundag (Edirne); United Kingdom: Iain C Macdougall (London), Mark E Thomas (Birmingham), Richard J D\u2019Souza (Exeter), Jo E Taylor (Dorchester), Nicholas R Pritchard (Cambridge), Robin Jeffery (Bradford), Stephen G Riley (Cardiff), Deepak Bhatnagar (Oldham), Sunil Bhandari (Hull), David Reaich (Middlesborough), Paul E Stevens (Canterbury), Mohsen El Kossi (Doncaster), Simon Roe (Nottingham), Brian Camilleri (Ipswich), Aimun Ahmed (Preston), Arif Khwaja (Sheffield), Barbara Thompson (Stevenage), Debasish Banerjee (London), Johann Nicholas (Wolverhampton), Alistair Hutchison (Manchester), Richard Borrows (Birmingham)."}
{"text": "Mesopotamia is largely situated in the Republic of Iraq, which is also the birthplace of the Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian civilizations. These lands were subsequently ruled by the Persians, Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Mongolians, Ottomans and finally British prior to the independence. As a direct consequence of this rich history, the contemporary Iraqi population comprises a true mosaic of different ethnicities, which includes Arabs, Kurds, Turkmens, Assyrians, and Yazidis among others. As such, the genetics of the contemporary Iraqi populations are of anthropological and forensic interest. In an effort to contribute to a better understanding of the genetic basis of this ethnic diversity, a total of 500 samples were collected from Northern Iraqi volunteers belonging to five major ethnic groups, namely: Arabs (n = 102), Kurds (n = 104), Turkmens (n = 102), Yazidis (n = 106) and Syriacs (n = 86). 17-loci Y-STR analyses were carried out using the AmpFlSTR Yfiler system, and subsequently in silico haplogroup assignments were made to gain insights from a molecular anthropology perspective. Systematic comparisons of the paternal lineages of these five Northern Iraqi ethnic groups, not only among themselves but also in the context of the larger genetic landscape of the Near East and beyond, were then made through the use of two different genetic distance metric measures and the associated data visualization methods. Taken together, results from the current study suggested the presence of intricate Y-chromosomal lineage patterns among the five ethic groups analyzed, wherein both interconnectivity and independent microvariation were observed in parallel, albeit in a differential manner. Notably, the novel Y-STR data on Turkmens, Syriacs and Yazidis from Northern Iraq constitute the first of its kind in the literature. Data presented herein is expected to contribute to further population and forensic investigations in Northern Iraq in particular and the Near East in general.Widely considered as one of the cradles of human civilization,  Mesopotamia encompasses the ancient fertile lands defined by the Tigris and Euphrates river systems. Today, these lands are largely situated in Iraq, which shares borders with Jordan to the west, Syria to the north-west, Turkey to the north, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia to the south and Iran to the east , Kurds (n = 104), Syriacs (n = 86), Turkmens (n = 102) and Yazidis (n = 106). Determination of ethnicity was based on that of both parents. While the Arab, Kurdish and Turkmen samples were largely collected from among the students of the Salahaddin University in Erbil, the Syriac and Yazidi samples were mostly collected at various refugee camps in Erbil. Yet, the actual birthplaces of the volunteers encompassed a wider geography from Northern Iraq as depicted in A total of 500 buccal swab samples were collected from healthy and unrelated individuals, each of whom was aged 18 and above and belonged to one of the five major ethnic groups in Northern Iraq as follows: Arabs  guidelines for forensic Y-STR analysis  , Beirut, Lebanon [Lebanese] , Iran [Iranian] , Cyprus [Turkish Cypriot] , Cyprus [Greek Cypriot] , Cukurova, Turkey [Turk] , Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey [Turkish] , Marmara Region, Turkey [Turkish] , Afghanistan [Pathan] , Russian Federation [Russian] , Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia [Mongolian] , Dhaka, Bangladesh [Bangladeshi] , Beijing, China [Han] , Albania [Albanian] , Bosnia and Herzegovina [Bosnian] , Marche, Italy [Italian] , Upper Bavaria, Germany [German] , and Tanzania [Tanzanian] . Prior to the AMOVA/MDS analysis, the online YHRD tool removes all haplotypes with (a) null, (b) partial/intermediate alleles (e.g. DYS458*.2), (c) duplicated alleles (except for DYS385), etc. Yet, considering that (a) there are 86 haplotypes with DYS458*.2 in the combined dataset from Northern Iraq  and haplotype diversity (HD) were both calculated according to the Nei\u2019s formula . AnalysiI errors . In addiern Iraq , and thaDA) genetic distance metric and the allele frequencies of each dataset was constructed using the POPTREE2 software [n = 344) [n = 574) [n = 200) and Iran [West Iranian] (n = 124)  (n = 89), West Asia  (n = 117), West Asia  (n = 49), West Asia  (n = 92)  (n = 124), Barcelona, Spain [Spanish] (n = 78), Bohemia, Czechia [Czech] (n = 72), Hungary [Hungarian] (n = 143), Upper Bavaria, Germany (German) (n = 200), Bosnia and Herzegovina [Bosnian] (n = 100), Marche, Italy [Italian] (n = 170), Sicily, Italy [Italian] (n = 157), Central Poland [Polish] (n = 102), Central England [English] (n = 81), Lebanon [Lebanese] (n = 505), Beijing, China [Han] (n = 246), Ibadan, Nigeria [Yoruba] (n = 81), Kinyawa, Kenya [Maasai] (n = 100), Philippines [Filipino] (n = 169), Southern India, India [Tamil] (n = 126) and Tokyo, Japan [Japanese] (n = 59) [n = 400) [n = 196) [n = 380) [n = 73) [n = 83) [n = 385) [YHRD Accession No.: YA004119]; Cukurova, Turkey [Turk] (n = 249)  n = 1 and Tokyn = 249) ; and Sou= 86+64)  and  with Kuwait City, Kuwait [Arab] (0.0025) and Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia [Mongolian] (0.2592), (b) Northern Iraq [Kurdish] with Iraq [Iraqi] (0.0046) and Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia [Mongolian] (0.2222), (c) Northern Iraq [Syriac] with Cukurova, Turkey [Turk] (0.0194) and Tanzania [Tanzanian] (0.2984), (d) Northern Iraq [Turkmen] with Iraq [Iraqi] (0.0011) and Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia [Mongolian] (0.2010), and (e) Northern Iraq [Yazidi] with Iran [Iranian] (0.0055) and Afghanistan [Pathan] (0.2054). The closest genetic distance observed among the 24 populations was that in between Iraq [Iraqi] and Iran [Iranian] / Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey [Turkish] (-0.0003 / -0.0005). The corresponding P values suggested that the following genetic distances were non-significant: Northern Iraq [Arab] and Kuwait City, Kuwait [Arab]; Northern Iraq [Kurdish] and Northern Iraq [Turkmen]; Northern Iraq [Kurdish] and Iraq [Iraqi]; Northern Iraq [Turkmen] and Cyprus [Turkish Cypriot]; Northern Iraq [Turkmen] and Iraq [Iraqi]; Northern Iraq [Turkmen] and Iran [Iranian]; Northern Iraq [Turkmen] and Beirut, Lebanon [Lebanese]; Northern Iraq [Turkmen] and Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey [Turkish]; Northern Iraq [Yazidi] and Iran [Iranian]; Cyprus [Greek Cypriot] and Cyprus [Turkish Cypriot]; Iran [Iranian] and Iraq [Iraqi]; Iran [Iranian] and Marmara Region, Turkey [Turkish]; Iran [Iranian] and Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey [Turkish]; Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey [Turkish] and Iraq [Iraqi]; Marmara Region, Turkey [Turkish] and Iraq [Iraqi]; Marmara Region, Turkey [Turkish] and Cukurova, Turkey [Turk]; Marmara Region, Turkey [Turkish] and Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey [Turkish]; and Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey [Turkish] and Cukurova, Turkey [Turk]. Upon the Bonferroni correction, the following population pairs were also found to have non-significant differences (a) Northern Iraq [Yazidi] with each of the other four populations from the current study, (b) Northern Iraq [Arab] and Northern Iraq [Kurdish], (c) Northern Iraq [Arab] and Northern Iraq [Turkmen], and (d) numerous others that are also geographically and/or historically connected.Rst-values suggested (a) a core cluster compising the Iraq [Iraqi]; Iran [Iranian]; Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey [Turkish]; Marmara Region, Turkey [Turkish]; Cukurova, Turkey [Turk]; Beirut, Lebanon [Lebanese] and Northern Iraq [Turkmen] population datasets, immediately surrounded by the Northern Iraq [Kurdish]; Northern Iraq [Yazidi], Cyprus [Turkish Cypriot] and Cyprus [Greek Cypriot] population datasets (b) the five novel population datasets from Northern Iraq differentiated from each other at least in one dimension  or in both dimensions (Northern Iraq [Arab] and Northern Iraq [Syriac]) (c) Northern Iraq [Arab] and Kuwait City, Kuwait [Arab] clustered closely together, but less so with the core cluster, (d) Iraq [Iraqi], Iran [Iranian] and Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey [Turkish] clustered very closely, and in fact on top of each other in two dimensions, and (e) Asian, African and European population datasets differentiated in both dimensions from the core cluster, but respective population datasets clustered among themselves as expected  and a \u2018corrected discrepancy rate\u2019 of only 5.8% (28 discrepancies out of 484 assignments). The \u2018corrected discrepancy rate\u2019 reflects a more accurate picture, because (a) out of a total of 500 haplogroup assignments made by the Whit Athey algorithm, only 484 were assumed to be unambiguous, and hence processed any further in silico haplogroup assignments should be treated solely as preliminary findings since being based on Y-STR data alone, they may not always be accurate , 37in si%) and J % macroha%) and J % macroha%) and J % macrohae. The R % and J (%) and J % macrohae. The R % and J (%) and J % macrohaat order . Resultsat order , 37. Resat order . In the  general , Fig 2. Anatolia , Fig 2. logroups , 39, 45.In conclusion, data presented herein constitutes a significant primer for further population studies and forensic investigations in Northern Iraq, such as the missing person identification efforts due to past and present conflicts. Novel insights into the molecular anthropology of Near Eastern populations are also expected due to hitherto scantity of genetic data from this corner of the world of immense historical importance. However, it should be noted that the major limitation to this study is the lack of Y-SNP genotyping.S1 Table(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S2 Table(XLS)Click here for additional data file.S3 Table(DOC)Click here for additional data file.S1 Filen = 500). Table B: Allele frequencies of the 17 Y-STR loci for the Northern Iraq Arab population (n = 102). Table C: Allele frequencies of the 17 Y-STR loci for the Northern Iraq Kurdish population (n = 104). Table D: Allele frequencies of the 17 Y-STR loci for the Northern Iraq Syriac population (n = 86). Table E Allele frequencies of the 17 Y-STR loci for the Northern Iraq Turkmen population (n = 102). Table F: Allele frequencies of the 17 Y-STR loci for the Northern Iraq Yazidi population (n = 106).Table A: Allele frequencies of the 17 Y-STR loci for the combined Northern Iraqi population ((DOCX)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Rubi Binti Ahmad. The correct citation is: Khan HH, Ahmad RB, Gee CS (2016) Market Structure, Financial Dependence and Industrial Growth: Evidence from the Banking Industry in Emerging Asian Economies. PLoS ONE 11(8): e0160452. doi:"}
{"text": "Prognostic studies of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor(IGF-1R) inhibitors in cancer therapy had promising results in infratests, which exhibited that IGF-1R signalling was crucial in cancer cells growth. However, the conclusion of later clinical trials revealed a dim future for IGF-1R inhibitors to treat cancer. We conducted this analysis to figure out how IGF-1R inhibitors acted in clinical cancer therapy.We searched up-to-date studies about the single agent of IGF-1R inhibitors or combination with other therapies in solid tumor. Five IGF-1R anti-agents were involved. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoint was overall survival (OS).2=37.1%, P=0.080, HR=1.08, 95% CI=0.97-1.21) and in progression-free survival . OS for dalotuzumab, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and PFS for prostate cancer even indicated harmful effects.17studies were enrolled. The results was not significant in overall survival (ISo far, anti-IGF-1R mono-antibodies did not make significant differences in solid tumor prognosis. On the contrary, pessimistic effects were shown in the dalotuzumab, breast cancer, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer subgroups. Further studies of IGF-1R anti-agents were needed, but unwarranted in unselected patients by predictive biomarkers. Cancers are series of diseases possessing high mortality in America, in which lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, ovarian cancer, and pancreatic cancer are mostly rangking forward . InsulinUp to date, outcomes of clinical studies about IGF-1R inhibitors seems to be unsatisfactory. We found only one study  seemed tClinicaltrials.gov, and 96 from other sources. The elementary screening excluded 1050 duplicates and 2444 studies were left to the second screening. After the second screening, 35 studies were accessed for eligibility. Further selection excluded 18 studies that were undergoing without data published. Finally, 17 studies were enrolled into analysis.A total of 17 studies were enrolled to evaluate the curative effects of IGF-1R inhibitors for patients with solid tumors. These studies , 16\u201322 , while the other 14 with full articles. 3 studies contained two sets of data . Si was onlyTwo cancer types (prostate cancer and ovarian cancer) lacked data to describe the OS. In Figure There was only one study  Figure  result  describeFour datas from three studies , 21, 22 Four datas from three studies , 20, 23 In the PFS results, there were three study results  NCT0037 describiOur analysis revealed the insignificant effects of IGF-1R inhibitors for solid tumor treatment so far. Harmful activity was even reported in some subgroups , 21, 22,It was meaningful to discuss the reasons of these phenomenon. As for the disappointing results, Sclafani F et al replied that it could be the potential of IGF-1R inhibition to accelerate tumour growth via aberrant feedback loops in intrinsically resistant tumours. This hypothesis would be supported in their study  by the hThe diverse tolerabilities of IGF-1R mAbs in different trials refer to many possible mechanisms, most of which were unclear. We divided the enrolled studies into two groups by the median of any/severe adverse event rate. Then, we analyzed some potential factors to see the relationship between poor tolerabiliy group and good tolerability group . The indMost enrolled studies suggested researchers to select patients by specific biomarkers. In fact, there was an article providing evidence of the benefit to select patients by biomarkers . Sclafanwww.clinicaltrials.gov. However, the statistical analysis method of the two studies is Log Rank. And the PFS and OS results are also statistically insignificant. In NCT00955305, results for PFS and OS are p = 0.33 and p = 0.95 respectively, and in NCT01142388, the results are p = 0.58 and p = 0.50 respectively . Nevertheless, we still recommend the rest trials should be followed up in time, so that more precise conclusion that whether anti-IGF-1R-mAbs behave good as anti-cancer agents or not could be updated.Our analysis used up-to-date data to show the pessimistic result of anti-IGF-1R mAbs on cancer therapy. However, it is too early to conclude IGF-IR antibodies have no utility as anti-cancer agents. It should be noted that up to November 2016, there were ongoing trials without data published . NCT01327612, NCT01122199, NCT01708161, NCT00769483, and NCT01868997 are in situation of \u201cActive, not recruiting\u201d. NCT01061788 and NCT01042379 are in situation of \u201cRecruiting\u201d. NCT00791154 and NCT01232452 are in situation of \u201ccompleted\u201d without any data published. While NCT02306161, NCT00955305, and NCT01142388 are in situation of \u201csuspended\u201d, \u201cterminated with results\u201d, and \u201cOngoing with results\u201d respectively. NCT00955305 and NCT01142388 have posted the PFS and OS results in Clinicaltrials.gov and other manual searching, which was not completely assured to cover all relevant data. Secondly, the data collected in our analysis were disappointing and the population were not large enough. Phase 3 clinical trials only occupied a small proportion in the enrolled studies. Moreover, Some enrolled studies possessed high risk of bias, which may, more or less, lead to deflection of the results.Firstly, The sources of enrolled studies were limited in Embase, Pubmed, Clinicaltirals.gov . The following search key words were used to gain articles as comprehensive as possible: \u201cganitumab\u201d, \u201cAMG479\u201d, \u201ddalotuzumab\u201d, \u201cMK 0646\u201d, \u201ccixutumumab\u201d, \u201cIMC-A12\u201d, \u201cTeprotumumab\u201d, \u201cR1507\u201d, \u201cfigitumumab\u201d, \u201cCP751871\u201d, \u201cIGF-1R\u201d, \u201cInsulin-like growth factor-1 receptor\u201d, \u201ctumor\u201d, \u201ccancer\u201d, \u201ccombination therapy\u201d. Then subsequently, the searching strategy was used to identify the articles in relevance:\u201dSearch ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (Neoplasm [Title/Abstract]) OR Tumors [Title/Abstract]) OR Tumor [Title/Abstract]) OR Neoplasia [Title/Abstract]) OR Cancer [Title/Abstract]) OR Cancers [Title/Abstract]) OR Benign Neoplasms [Title/Abstract]) OR Neoplasms, Benign [Title/Abstract]) OR Benign Neoplasm [Title/Abstract]) OR Neoplasm, Benign [Title/Abstract]) OR Carcinoma [Title/Abstract]) OR Carcinomas [Title/Abstract])) AND ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (Combination Chemotherapy [Title/Abstract]) OR Drug Polytherapy [Title/Abstract]) OR Drug Polytherapies [Title/Abstract]) OR Polytherapies, Drug [Title/Abstract]) OR Polytherapy, Drug [Title/Abstract]) OR Therapy, Combination Drug [Title/Abstract]) OR Chemotherapy, Combination [Title/Abstract]) OR Chemotherapies, Combination [Title/Abstract]) OR Combination Chemotherapies [Title/Abstract]) OR Combination Drug Therapy [Title/Abstract]) OR Combination Drug Therapies [Title/Abstract]) OR Drug Therapies, Combination [Title/Abstract]) OR Therapies, Combination Drug [Title/Abstract]) OR Polychemotherapy [Title/Abstract]) OR Polychemotherapies [Title/Abstract]) OR Combined Antineoplastic Agents [Title/Abstract]) OR Antineoplastic Agents, Combined [Title/Abstract]) OR Agent, Combined Antineoplastic [Title/Abstract]) OR Agents, Combined Antineoplastic [Title/Abstract]) OR Antineoplastic Agent, Combined [Title/Abstract]) OR Combined Antineoplastic Agent [Title/Abstract]) OR Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Regimens [Title/Abstract]) OR Drug Combinations, Antineoplastic [Title/Abstract]) OR Anticancer Drug Combinations [Title/Abstract]) OR Anticancer Drug Combination [Title/Abstract]) OR Drug Combination, Anticancer [Title/Abstract]) OR Drug Combinations, Anticancer [Title/Abstract]) OR Antineoplastic Drug Combinations [Title/Abstract]) OR Antineoplastic Drug Combination [Title/Abstract]) OR Combinations, Antineoplastic Drug [Title/Abstract]) OR Drug Combination, Antineoplastic [Title/Abstract]) OR Antineoplastic Chemotherapy Protocols [Title/Abstract]) OR Antineoplastic Chemotherapy Protocol [Title/Abstract]) OR Chemotherapy Protocol, Antineoplastic [Title/Abstract]) OR Protocol, Antineoplastic Chemotherapy [Title/Abstract]) OR Protocols, Antineoplastic Chemotherapy [Title/Abstract]) OR Cancer Chemotherapy Protocols [Title/Abstract]) OR Cancer Chemotherapy Protocol [Title/Abstract]) OR Chemotherapy Protocol, Cancer [Title/Abstract]) OR Chemotherapy Protocols, Cancer [Title/Abstract]) OR Protocol, Cancer Chemotherapy [Title/Abstract]) OR Protocols, Cancer Chemotherapy [Title/Abstract]) OR Chemotherapy Protocols, Antineoplastic [Title/Abstract])) AND ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (ganitumab [Title/Abstract]) OR AMG479 [Title/Abstract]) OR dalotuzumab [Title/Abstract]) OR MK 0646 [Title/Abstract]) OR MK0646 [Title/Abstract]) OR MK-0646 [Title/Abstract]) OR cixutumumab [Title/Abstract]) OR IMC-A12 [Title/Abstract]) OR Teprotumumab [Title/Abstract]) OR R 1507 [Title/Abstract]) OR R1507 [Title/Abstract]) OR R-1507 [Title/Abstract]) OR figitumumab [Title/Abstract]) OR CP751871 [Title/Abstract]) OR CP-751871 [Title/Abstract]) OR CP751,871 [Title/Abstract]) OR CP 751,871 [Title/Abstract]) OR CP-751,871 [Title/Abstract])) OR ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (IGF-1 Receptor) OR IGF 1 Receptor) OR Receptor, IGF-1) OR IGF-I Receptor) OR IGF I Receptor) OR Receptors, Insulin-Like-Growth Factor I) OR Receptor, IGF-I [Title/Abstract]) OR Receptor, IGF I [Title/Abstract]) OR Receptor, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I [Title/Abstract]) OR Receptor, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Type 1 [Title/Abstract]) OR Receptors, IGF-1 [Title/Abstract]) OR IGF-1 Receptors [Title/Abstract]) OR Receptors, IGF 1 [Title/Abstract]) OR IGF Type 1 Receptor [Title/Abstract]) OR Insulin-Like-Growth Factor I Receptor [Title/Abstract]) OR Insulin Like Growth Factor I Receptor [Title/Abstract]) OR Receptor, IGF Type 1 beta Subunit [Title/Abstract]) OR Receptor, IGF Type 1 alpha Subunit [Title/Abstract]) OR Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptors [Title/Abstract]) OR Insulin Like Growth Factor Receptors [Title/Abstract]) OR Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor [Title/Abstract]) OR Receptors, Insulin-Like Growth Factors [Title/Abstract]) OR Receptors, Insulin Like Growth Factors [Title/Abstract]))\u201d. There are no restrictions on the types of studies and only publications published by English were included. The bibliographies of eligible studies were searched by hand for other relevant articles. The studies were selected following the steps in sequence: 1), Browse the tittles and eliminate irrelevant articles; 2), Skim the abstracts of the rest articles, and pick out those who satisfied the exclusion criteria and keep the ones accord with inclusion criteria; 3), Finally read the left articles and extract the data and information.We carried out a comprehensive systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Clinicaltrials.gov were included. iv), When the results were obtained from the same population and were published in several publications, only the most recent report or most informative one was included.The inclusion criteria to obtain eligible studies: i), Studies that evaluated the efficacy of IGF-1R inhibitors by OS, PFS or both of them were eligible to be included. ii), Studies who contained two or more than two pallelel arms were included. Moreover, IGF-1R inhibitors must exert as controlled factors. iii), Studies that could be found with full articles or without full articles published but useful data was sufficient in The exclusion criteria to exclude the ineligible studies: i), Studies without OS and PFS data. ii), The allocation method did not reveal the contral relationship but only escalation relationship among cohorts. iii), Studies of single group clinical assignment were excluded. iv), Those who were not cllinical studies were excluded.The risk of bias assessment was important for the quality of analysis. Therefore, we assessed risk of bias by Cochrane Collaboration's tool from six key bias domains: selection bias, performance bias, detection bias, attrition bias, reporting bias and other bias.  The authAll studies included in our analysis were assessed by two reviewers. When it came to discrepancies, the two reviewers decided to include or exclude studies after joint review.2 statistic and directed the analysis to be conducted in a random-effects model. Sensitivity analyses were conducted by removing one study each time. [The primary endpoint was PFS and the secondary endpoints was OS. The Progression-free survival (PFS) is a measure of treatment efficacy on a disease. It is the time that passes from a certain date  to the date on which disease \u201cprogresses\u201d or the date on which the patient dies, from any cause. The OS  is the length of time from either the date of diagnosis or the start of treatment for a disease, such as cancer. In our analysis, measuring the PFS and OS is one way to see how well the IGF-1R inhibitors work for the patients suffering from solid tumors. In order to find an appropriate calculation model, We conducted heterogeneity analysis. Heterogeneity assumption was assessed by the Ich time.  Potentia"}
{"text": "Nature Communications7: Article number: 13534 ; DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13534 (2016); Published 11282016; Updated 11292017The ArrayExpress accession code is incorrect in this Article. The correct accession code is E-MTAB-4268."}
{"text": "To determine the effects of high sucrose diets on vascular reactivity. We hypothesized that similar to high fat diets (HFD), HSD feeding would lead to increased adiposity resulting in inflammation and oxidative stress-mediated impairment of vasodilation.Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed control chow (Chow), HSD or HFD diets for 6 weeks. The role of inflammation and oxidative stress on impaired vasodilation were assessed in isolated mesenteric arterioles.HSD and HFD induced increased adiposity, oxidative stress and inflammation. HFD rats developed fasting hyperglycemia. Both HSD and HFD rats developed impaired glucose tolerance and hyperleptinemia. Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation was significantly attenuated in both HSD and HFD rats but was normalized by treatment with antioxidants or anti-inflammatory drugs. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein expression was not affected by diet. Sensitivity to NO was reduced since NOS inhibition attenuated vasodilation in Chow rats but did not further impair vasodilation in HSD or HFD rats. Likewise, responsiveness to a NO donor was attenuated in both experimental groups.Oxidative stress diminishes vasodilatory responsiveness in HSD and HFD rats through ROS-mediated scavenging of NO and decreased smooth muscle sensitivity to NO. Inflammation also plays a significant role in the impaired vasodilation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many diseases including diabetes , cardiov2\u02d9\u02c9) by superoxide dismutase (SOD) to form hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is further converted by catalase or glutathione peroxidase to form water and oxygen ]bis[6-methoxyphenolato-\u03baO]]]-manganese , were also examined. This compound is an SOD mimetic with enhanced catalase activity ]bis[6-methoxyphenolato-\u03baO]]]-manganese; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; HFD: high fat diet; HSD: high sucrose diet; LNNA: N\u03c9-nitro-L-arginine; NO: nitric oxide; O2\u02d9\u02c9, superoxide; OGTT: oral glucose tolerance test; \u02d9OH: hydroxyl radical; ONOO\u02c9: peroxynitrite; PE: phenylephrine; PMSF: phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride; PSS: physiological salt solution; PVDF: polyvinylidene difluoride; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SNP: sodium nitroprusside; SOD: superoxide dismutase, TBARS: thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; tiron, 4,5-Dihydroxy-1,3-benzene-disulfonic acid; TBS: Tris-buffered saline; TTBS: Tween/Tris-buffered saline.ANOVA: Analysis of Variance; ACh: acetylcholine; DCF: 5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, acetyl ester; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; EUK-134: chloro[[2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.KLS and BRW conceptualized and designed the study. KLS performed all experiments, assays , statistical analyses and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. ML assisted with the experiments and analyses. BRW contributed to the writing of the manuscript, data presentation, interpretation and analyses. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."}
{"text": "Theanionic 1:2 metal:ligand complexes show octahedral geometry around M(II), a significant antifungal activityagainst Curvularia lunata and Alternaria triticina and a moderate activity against Alternaria brassicicola,Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria solanae, Curvularia species, Helminthosporium oryzae, Collectotrichumcapsici, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium udum.Complexes of the type Na"}
{"text": "The word \"Arecaceae\" was misspelled in the article title. The correct title is: Phylogenetic Analysis of Seven WRKY Genes across the Palm Subtribe Attaleinae (Arecaceae) Identifies Syagrus as Sister Group of the Coconut. The correct citation is: Meerow AW, Noblick L, Borrone JW, Couvreur TLP, Mauro-Herrera M, et al. (2009) Phylogenetic Analysis of Seven WRKY Genes across the Palm Subtribe Attaleinae (Arecaceae) Identifies Syagrus as Sister Group of the Coconut. PLoS ONE 4(10): e7353. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007353"}
{"text": "Fuzheng Huayu (FZHY), a preparation containing herbs such as Radix Salvia Miltiorrhizae, Cordyceps, Semen Persicae, was formulated on the basis of Chinese medicine theory in treating liver fibrosis and was approved. Pharmacological studies and clinical trials demonstrate that FZHY has a significant effect against liver fibrosis and that many of the pharmacological actions are attributable to the effect. This article reviews the effects and actions of FZHY, in particular the effects observed from clinical trials in treating liver fibrosis caused by chronic hepatitis B and the actions on inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation, protection of hepatocytes and inhibition of hepatic sinusoidal capillarization. This article also reviews the coordinated effects of the constituent herbs of FZHY and the actions of their active compounds such as salvianonic acid B (SA-B) on liver fibrosis.Liver fibrosis is a common histological process to develop into cirrhosis in various chronic liver diseases including chronic hepatitis and fatty liver. Therefore anti-liver fibrosis is very important strategy to treat chronic liver diseases.  Liver fibrosis is characterized by overproduction and irregular deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in liver tissues , leadingLiver fibrosis was considered to be a passive and irreversible process due to the collapse of the hepatic parenchyma and its substitution with ECM components . HoweverAntifibrotic strategies against liver fibrosis include early intervention or control of etiologies, hepatic inflammation prevention and regulation of hepatic ECM metabolism and stellate cell activation. Viral hepatitis is the most important antecedent factor for liver fibrosis. Tremendous progress has been made in targeted antiviral treatment in recent years. Recent evidence showed that liver fibrosis could regress with effective antiviral treatment. However, even removal of initial fibrotic stimulus such as viruses may slow fibrosis progression but does not stop the progression entirely . TreatmeFrom the studies on liver fibrosis in recent decades , we undeXietong (Hypochondriac pain), Zhengjia (mass in the abdomen) and Guzhang (Tympanites). The basic pathogenesis of liver fibrosis is regarded as deficiency of healthy energy and stagnation of blood and treatment of liver fibrosis is to activate blood stasis and invigorate spleen according to Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation. Some frequently used formulas include Taohong decoction consisting of Semen Persicae (Taoren), Flos Carthami (Honghua), Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong), Radix Angelicae Sinensis (Danggui) and Radix Clematidis (Weilingxian), and Xiayuxue decoction consisting of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei (Dahuang), Semen Persicae and Eupolyphaga seu Opisthoplatia (Zhechong)  thymine incorporation. SA-B (1 \u03bcmol/L-10 \u03bcmol/L) had significant effects against the biological responses of TGF-\u03b21 stimulated HSCs, including collagen gene expression, \u03b1-SMA and PAI-1 expression. Furthermore, SA-B (1 \u03bcmol/L-10 \u03bcmol/L) inhibited the plasmic and nuclear protein expression of Small Mothers against decapentaplegic deleted 2/3 (Smad2/3) and significantly inhibited intracellular phosphorylation of Smad2, decreased type I receptor expression and T\u03b2R binding. These results suggest that the main actions of SA-B against liver fibrosis are to antagonize TGF-\u03b21-dependent activation of HSCs by inhibiting intracellular signal transduction of TGF-\u03b21/Smads in HSCs.Our  studies -46 showeFZHY has been developed and tested in the past 20 years as a new Chinese medicine product to treat liver fibrosis. Although only some of the action mechanisms and active components of FZHY were discovered and much effort should be made to improve our scientific understanding, a high potential of developing new drug products such as FZHY from Chinese medicine for treating liver fibrosis has been demonstrated.4: tetrachloride carbon; KcCM: cell conditional medium; Col-I: type I collagen; D-HcCM: drug serum treated hepatic stellate cell's conditioned medium; DMN: dimethylnitrosamine; ECM: extracellular matrix; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase; FAK: focal adhesion kinase; FN: fibronectin; FZHY: Fuzheng Huayu; GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase; HA: haluronic acid; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HSC: hepatic stellate cell; Hyp: hydroxyproline; ICD-10: International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition; IFN-\u03b3: interferon-\u03b3; KcCM: Kuppfer cell conditional medium; LM: laminin; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MDA: malondialdehyde; MMP-2/9: metalloproteinases-2/9; NASH: nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; PAI-I: plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; PDGF-BB: platelet-derived growth factor-BB; PI: propidium iodide; P-III-P: type III procollagen; PT: prothrombin time; SA-B: Salvianolic acid B; SEC: sinusoidal endothelial cell; Sm: Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae; Smad2/3: Small Mothers against Decapentaplegic Deleted 2/3; SOD: superoxide dismutase; TIMP-1: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; TNF-\u03b1: tumor necrosis factor \u03b1; TUNEL: terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated nick end-labeling; T\u03b2R-II: TGF-\u03b2 type II receptor; \u03b1-SMA: \u03b1-smooth muscle actin.AAA: aromatic amino acid; Act D: actinomycin D; Alb: albumin; ALT: alanine; AST: aspartate aminotransferase aminotransferase; BCAA: branched chain amino acid; C3: complement 3; CClFZHY is a herbal product developed by the authors' institution at the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.PL and CL conceived the FZHY formula and designed the clinical trials. YYH, LMX, CHL and PL conducted the clinical trials and other experimental studies. CHL prepared the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript."}
{"text": "Chagas' disease is a human tropical parasitic illness and a subset of the chronic patients develop megaesophagus or megacolon. The esophagus dilation is known as chagasic megaesophagus (CM) and one of the severe late consequences of CM is the increased risk for esophageal carcinoma (ESCC). Based on the association between CM and ESCC, we investigated whether genes frequently showing unbalanced copy numbers in ESCC were altered in CM by fluorescence in situ (FISH) technology.FHIT, TP63, PIK3CA, EGFR, FGFR1, MYC, CDKN2A, YES1 and NCOA3 genes, and centromeric sequences from chromosomes 3, 7 and 9.A total of 50 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded esophageal mucosa specimens  were analyzed. DNA FISH probes were tested for EGFR in the esophageal basal layer of CM group. Mean copy number of CDKN2A and CEP9 and frequency of nuclei with loss of PIK3CA were significantly different in the CM group compared with normal mucosa and marginal levels of deletions in TP63, FHIT, PIK3CA, EGFR, CDKN2A, YES and gains at PIK3CA, TP63, FGFR1, MYC, CDNK2A and NCOA3 were detected in few CM cases, mainly with dilation grades III and IV. All changes occurred at very low levels.No differences between superficial and basal layers of the epithelial mucosa were found, except for loss of copy number of Genomic imbalances common in esophageal carcinomas are not present in chagasic megaesophagus suggesting that these features will not be effective markers for risk assessment of ESCC in patients with chagasic megaesophagus. Trypanosoma cruzi); ESCC: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma; FFPE: formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded; FGFR1: fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; FHIT: fragile histidine triad gene; FISH: Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization; FITC: fluorescein isothiocyanate; HE: Hematoxylin and Eosin stain; LOH: loss of heterozygosity; MYC: v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (avian); NCOA3: nuclear receptor coactivator 3; NM: health individuals with histologically normal esophagus; PIK3CA: phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic, alpha polypeptide; Q-PCR: Quantitative - Polymerase Chain Reaction; SSC: Sodium chloride, sodium citrate solution; TP63: tumor protein p63; Vs: versus; YES1: v-yes-1 Yamaguchi sarcoma viral oncogene homolog 1.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.MFB carried out the probe development, molecular cytogenetic studies and drafted the manuscript. AJM performed the statistical analysis. AES and MVG conceived the study, participated in its design and execution and contributed to the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-230X/10/20/prepub"}
{"text": "The affiliations listed for the author are incorrect. The correct affiliations should read: 1 European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) - Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) Systems Biology Unit, Barcelona, Spain, 2 Instituci\u00f3 Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan\u00e7ats (ICREA), Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain."}
{"text": "Nutrition & Metabolism 2007, 4:19Correction to Levitt DG, Heymsfield SB, Pierson Jr RN, Shapses SA, Kral JG: Physiological models of body composition and human obesity.  Since publication of our first article  we have"}
{"text": "Shaker voltage-gated potassium channel (Kv1.3) via phosphorylation of multiple tyrosine residues in the N and C terminal aspects of the channel protein. It is not known how adaptor proteins, which lack catalytic activity, but interact with members of the neurotrophic signaling pathway, might scaffold with ion channels or modulate channel activity.Neurotrophins are important regulators of growth and regeneration, and acutely, they can modulate the activity of voltage-gated ion channels. Previously we have shown that acute brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) activation of neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) suppresses the We report the co-localization of two adaptor proteins, neuronal Src homology and collagen (nShc) and growth factor receptor-binding protein 10 (Grb10), with Kv1.3 channel as demonstrated through immunocytochemical approaches in the olfactory bulb (OB) neural lamina. To further explore the specificity and functional ramification of adaptor/channel co-localization, we performed immunoprecipitation and Western analysis of channel, kinase, and adaptor transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells (HEK 293). nShc formed a direct protein-protein interaction with Kv1.3 that was independent of BDNF-induced phosphorylation of Kv1.3, whereas Grb10 did not complex with Kv1.3 in HEK 293 cells. Both adaptors, however, co-immunoprecipitated with Kv1.3 in native OB. Grb10 was interestingly able to decrease the total expression of Kv1.3, particularly at the membrane surface, and subsequently eliminated the BDNF-induced phosphorylation of Kv1.3. To examine the possibility that the Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of Grb10 were directly binding to basally phosphorylated tyrosines in Kv1.3, we utilized point mutations to substitute multiple tyrosine residues with phenylalanine. Removal of the tyrosines 111\u2013113 and 449 prevented Grb10 from decreasing Kv1.3 expression. In the absence of either adaptor protein, channel co-expression reciprocally down-regulated expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of TrkB kinase and related insulin receptor kinase. Finally, through patch-clamp electrophysiology, we found that the BDNF-induced current suppression of the channel was prevented by both nShc and Grb10.We report that adaptor protein alteration of kinase-induced Kv1.3 channel modulation is related to the degree of direct protein-protein association and that the channel itself can reciprocally modulate receptor-linked tyrosine kinase expression and activity. Shaker subfamily of Kv channels, is particularly well poised to participate in multiple cell signaling pathways given a number of molecular motifs that serve as protein-protein interaction domains in the N and C terminal aspects of the channel protein  channels are regulators of neuronal excitability. The channels are responsible for maintaining the resting potential of cells, they determine the width and maximum amplitude of the action potential, and they govern the interpulse interval or timing patterns of firing in order to relay sensory information to the brain or coordinate motor output ,2. As reein Fig. . Multiplein Fig. , it is nThis study focuses upon two adaptor proteins enriched in the olfactory bulb, namely Grb10 and nShc. The adaptor protein Grb10 is a member of a superfamily of adaptor proteins that also includes Grb7, Grb14, and Mig-10 . The cha111\u2013113, Y137, Y479, to cause suppression of current magnitude without changes in channel inactivation or deactivation kinetics /(A1 + A2). The deactivation of the macroscopic current (\u03c4Deact) was fit similarly but to a single exponential (y = y0+ Ae-(x-x0)/\u03c4). Tail current amplitudes were plotted in a current-voltage relationship and fit to a Boltzmann sigmoidal curve (Y = [(A1 + A2)/(1 + edx(x-x0)/)] + A2) to calculate the slope of voltage dependence (\u03ba) and voltage at half-activation (V1/2) for Kv1.3.Fitting parameters for inactivation and deactivation kinetics were as previously described . BrieflyKv: Voltage-dependent potassium channel; Kv1.3: Kv subfamily member 1.3; Kv1.3-/-: Kv1.3 gene-targeted deletion; MCL: mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb; MEM: minimum essential media; Mig-10: C. elegans gene for cell migration; mK: myc-tagged Kv1.3; Myc: myc epitope tag; NA: numerical aperture; NGF: nerve growth factor; NPQpY motif: amino acid sequence of TrkB where nShc binds; nShc: neuronal Src homology and collagen; N: terminus amino terminus of a protein; OB: olfactory bulb; PBS: phosphate buffered saline; PBST: phosphate buffered saline + tween; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; PH: pleckstrin homology domain; PLC: phospholipase C; PPI: protease and phosphatase inhibitor; PSD-95: post-synaptic density 95 kDa protein; PTB: phosphotyrosine binding domain; PXXP: proline-rich amino acid sequence bound by SH3 domains; rt: room temperature; RTK: receptor-linked tyrosine kinase; S: nShc; Sck: ShcB; SCSB: sodium citrate stripping buffer; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SH2: Src homology 2 domain; SH3: Src homology 3 domain; Shc: Src homology and collagen; snk: Student Newman Keuls post-hoc analysis; Src: protein encoded by the gene of Rous sarcoma virus; \u03c4Deact: deactivation time constant; \u03c4inact: inactivation time constant; T: TrkB; TK: tyrosine kinase; TrkB: neurotrophin receptor tyrosine kinase B; TrkBShc: Y490F TrkB kinase (lacking Shc binding site); V1/2: voltage at half-maximum activation; Vc: command voltage; Vh: holding voltage; W: tryptophan; W386F: W386F Kv1.3 (non-conducting channel mutant); Y: tyrosine; YYY: YYY111-113FFF Kv1.3; 137: Y137F Kv1.3; 14-3-3: a signaling protein that binds phosphoserine/threonine residues; 449: Y449F Kv1.3; 479: Y479F Kv1.3; 2X, 3X, etc., fold.ANOVA: analysis of variance; anti-4G10: phosphotyrosine antiserum; AU13: antiserum directed against Kv1.3 ion channel; BDNF: brain-derived neurotrophic factor; BPS: binding phosphorylated substrate; BSA: bovine serum albumin; cDNA: copy DNA; CH1: collagen homologous region 1; CMV: cytomegalovirus promoter; C terminus: carboxyl terminus of a protein; D: dead TrkB kinase; ECL: enhanced chemiluminescence; EGF-R: epidermal growth factor receptor; EPL: external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb; F: phenylalanine; G: Grb10; GFP: green fluorescence protein; GCL: glomerular cell layer of the olfactory bulb; GL: granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb; G-protein: GTP-binding protein; Grb10: growth factor receptor-binding protein 10; h: hour; HB: homogenization buffer; HEK 293: human embryonic kidney 293 cells; HRP: horseradish perioxidase; IP: immunoprecipitation; IPL: internal plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb; IR: insulin receptor kinase; \u03ba: voltage dependence; K: potassium channel; kDa: kilodalton; BC carried out the immunocytochemistry experiments in tissue sections, participated in the electrophysiology experiments, and conducted a share of the SDS-PAGE/Western analysis. MC conducted the SDS-PAGE/Western analysis and helped to draft the manuscript. KCB prepared the histological sections and performed the confocal imaging. DM conducted the SDS-PAGE/Western analysis on native tissues. DF conceived of the study and coordinated its design, constructed the channel mutants, conducted a share of the SDS-PAGE/Western analysis, and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."}
{"text": "The anions are found in aryl boxes formed from the phenanthroline ligands.In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Co(C DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808036611/at2665Isup2.hkl            Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report            Additional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "They are bridged by the terephthalate ligands, generating a three-dimensional framework, which is further stabilized by the oxalate ligands. The terephthalate ions and oxalate ions are all located on centers of inversion.In the title compound, [Lu DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809034370/nk2003Isup2.hkl            Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report            Additional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "The five-membered chelate ring is in a gauche form, while the two six-membered chelate rings are in chair conformations. The crystal structure is stabilized by several hydrogen bonds.In the title compound, [CrF(C DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808026081/cf2211Isup2.hkl            Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report            Additional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "Trichloroethylene (TCE) may induce oxidative stress which generates free radicals and alters antioxidants or oxygen-free radical scavenging enzymes.Twenty male albino rats were divided into four groups: (1) the control group treated with vehicle, (2) Kombucha (KT)-treated group, (3) TCE-treated group and (4) KT/TCE-treated group. Kidney lipid peroxidation, glutathione content, nitric oxide (NO) and total blood free radical concentrations were evaluated. Serum urea, creatinine level, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were also measured.TCE administration increased the malondiahyde (MDA) and NO contents in kidney, urea and creatinine concentrations in serum, total free radical level in blood and GGT and LDH activities in serum, whereas it decreased the glutathione (GSH) level in kidney homogenate. KT administration significantly improved lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress induced by TCE.The present study indicates that Kombucha may repair damage caused by environmental pollutants such as TCE and may be beneficial to patient suffering from renal impairment. Bacterium xylinum, Bacterium xylinoides, Bacterium gluconicum, Saccharomyces ludwigii, Saccharomyces apiculatus varieties, Schizosaccaromyces pombe, Acetobacter ketogenum, Torula varieties, Pichia fermantans and other yeasts reported to have potential health effects -L-cysteine sulfoxide); GGT: gamma glutamyl transpeptidase; GSH: glutathione; GSH transferase: glutathione transferase; KT: Kombucha; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; MDA: malondialdehyde, lipid peroxidation marker; NO: nitric oxide; TCE: trichloroethylene; U/L: unit per liter.Kombucha used in the present study was supplied by the microbiology lab of the National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority  where the author is employed.OAG conceived of the study design, carried out the experiments, performed statistical analysis and drafted the manuscript. The author read and approved the final version of the manuscript."}
{"text": "Differences in packing of the heterocyclic cores results in a different structure compared with earlier investigated chloride and bromide analogues.The structure of the title ionic copper(II) compound, (C DOI: 10.1107/S1600536808023039/dn2367Isup2.hkl            Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report            Additional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "In each mol\u00adecule, the central NiII atom has a square-planar environment, formed by the tridentate hydrazone and the monodentate pyridine ligands, with the N atoms in a trans arrangement about the NiII atom.The asymmetric unit of title complex, [Ni(C DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809028207/rk2149Isup2.hkl            Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report            Additional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "Their immunologic effects following oral administration is less clear. The purpose of this systematic review was to consolidate and evaluate the available data regarding the specific immunologic effects of dietary polysaccharides.A large body of literature suggests that certain polysaccharides affect immune system function. Much of this literature, however, consists of Studies were identified by conducting PubMed and Google Scholar electronic searches and through reviews of polysaccharide article bibliographies. Only articles published in English were included in this review. Two researchers reviewed data on study design, control, sample size, results, and nature of outcome measures. Subsequent searches were conducted to gather information about polysaccharide safety, structure and composition, and disposition.We found 62 publications reporting statistically significant effects of orally ingested glucans, pectins, heteroglycans, glucomannans, fucoidans, galactomannans, arabinogalactans and mixed polysaccharide products in rodents. Fifteen controlled human studies reported that oral glucans, arabinogalactans, heteroglycans, and fucoidans exerted significant effects. Although some studies investigated anti-inflammatory effects, most studies investigated the ability of oral polysaccharides to stimulate the immune system. These studies, as well as safety and toxicity studies, suggest that these polysaccharide products appear to be largely well-tolerated.Trametes versicolor mushroom improved survival and immune function in human RCTs of cancer patients; glucans, arabinogalactans and fucoidans elicited immunomodulatory effects in controlled studies of healthy adults and patients with canker sores and seasonal allergies. This review provides a foundation that can serve to guide future research on immune modulation by well-characterized polysaccharide compounds.Taken as a whole, the oral polysaccharide literature is highly heterogenous and is not sufficient to support broad product structure/function generalizations. Numerous dietary polysaccharides, particularly glucans, appear to elicit diverse immunomodulatory effects in numerous animal tissues, including the blood, GI tract and spleen. Glucan extracts from the  Oftenin vitro -16, but injected . For clin orally . We thusStudies were identified by conducting electronic searches of PubMed and Google Scholar from their inception to the end of October 2009. The reference lists of the selected articles were checked for additional studies that were not originally found in the search.The following search terms were combined with the term polysaccharide: dietary AND immune, or oral AND immune, or dietary AND inflammation, or oral AND inflammation. When specific polysaccharides or polysaccharide-rich plants and fungi were identified, further searches were conducted using their names with the same search terms. Studies were selected based on the following inclusion criteria:1. Rodent or human studies2. The presence of test group and control group 3. Studies reporting statistically significant immunomodulatory effects4. English language5. Studies published up to October 2009.50), composition and structure, and disposition.Two researchers  reviewed the list of unique articles for studies that fit the inclusion criteria. Uncertainties over study inclusion were discussed between the researchers and resolved through consensus. Searches were then conducted to obtain specific polysaccharide product information: safety  were shown in RCTs to increase lymphocyte proliferation and the number of CD8+ lymphocytes [Panax quiquefolium (North American ginseng) was shown in an RCT of healthy older adults to decrease the incidence of acute respiratory illness and symptom duration [Undaria pinnatifida (wakame) fucoidans found both immune stimulating and suppressing effects, including increased stromal-derived factor-1, IFN-g, CD34+ cells and CXCR4-expressing CD34+ cells and decreased blood leukocytes and lymphocytes [A number of studies in healthy human adults demonstrated immune stimulating effects of oral polysaccharides. Arabinogalactans from phocytes  and to iphocytes . A furanduration . Finallyphocytes .Agaricus subrufescens (A. blazei) (aqueous extracts [Lentinula edodes (shiitake)  spp. have also been shown to enhance immune function in healthy young animals [Cyamopsis tetragonolobus galactomannan (guar gum) or highly methoxylated pectin feeding exerted numerous stimulating effects on antibody production in older animals [Studies in healthy animals showed a number of immune stimulating effects of various glucan products from extracts , aqueousextracts , \u03b1-1,6 aextracts , and whoextracts ); Lentinlentinan  and \u03b2-gllentinan ); Saccha-glucans ,28); Lamaminarin ); Sclerohosphate ); Sclerorum (SSG ); and Ph (powder  and aque (powder ). A fura animals -35. Cyam animals .Avena (oat) spp. soluble glucans [E. vermiformis and fed Avena spp. particulate glucans [E. coli injections fed L. digitata glucans (laminarin) [U. pinnatifida fucoidans [Staphylococcus aureus or Candida albicans injections fed S. cerevisiae glucans (scleroglucan) [A. subrufescens (A. blazei Murrill) [Evidence for the effectiveness of oral polysaccharides against infection and immune challenges has been mainly demonstrated in animals. Immune stimulating effects have been shown in resting and exercise-stressed animals with thioglycollate, clodronate, or HSV-1 injections fed  glucans -41; anim glucans ,43; animminarin) ; animalsucoidans ; animalsoglucan) ; and aniMurrill) .S. cerevisiae \u03b2-1,3;1-6 glucans decreased IL-4, IL-5 and percent eosinophils, and increased IL-12 in nasal fluid [Additional controlled human and animal studies have shown anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy effects of some polysaccharide products. In an RCT of adults with seasonal allergic rhinitis, al fluid , while aal fluid .Cladosiphon okamuranus Tokida fucoidans [Cyamopsis tetragonolobus galactomannans [Malus spp. pectins [A. subrufescens aqueous extracts [of Ganoderma tsugae [Pyrus pyrifolia pectins [Pholiota nameko heteroglycan (PNPS-1) [Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease have shown anti-inflammatory effects of ucoidans , Cyamopsomannans , Malus s pectins , and mix pectins . Animalsextracts , an aquea tsugae , and Pyr pectins . Anti-in(PNPS-1) .Trametes versicolor glucans have demonstrated anti-cancer effects in humans. In two RCTs and five controlled trials, PSK from T. versicolor mycelia increased survival of advanced stage gastric, colon and colorectal cancer patients [T. versicolor fruit bodies found increased IgG and IgM antibodies and total leukocyte and neutrophil counts, along with a decrease in the number of patients withdrawing from the study due to disease progression [A. subrufescens glucans showed increased NK cell activity and fewer chemotherapy side effects [patients -62 with gression . An RCT  effects .A. subrufescens demonstrating anti-cancer activities in animal models include an aqueous extract [G. lucidum [G. frondosa [Hordeum vulgare \u03b2-glucans [Laminaria angustata powder [Lentinula edodes products  [L. edodes (KS-2) improved survival of animals with cancer cell injections [Lycium barbarum (LBP3p), Lentinus lepidus (PG101) and A. subrufescens (ATOM) demonstrated a number of immune stimulating effects in animal cancer models [T. versicolor (PSP): animals with cancer cell implantations showed decreased tumor growth and vascular density [In numerous animal models of cancer, a wide range of polysaccharides have shown anti-tumorogenic effects. Glucan products sourced from  extract , an aque extract , and an  extract . Anti-ca lucidum -69; the frondosa -72; Hord-glucans -76; Lamia powder ; Lentinu; Ple; PleA. ss powder , Sacchar,3glucans,73; and um (SSG) ,83. A gljections ; apple ajections -90. Finar models -93. Inte density .A. subrufescens aqueous extract [A. subrufescens extracts in healthy animals or animals with cancers found no evidence of toxicity  or extract  , effects can be unequivocally attributed to polysaccharides. Such associations are certainly more tenuous when considering product powders or products obtained by extraction methods designed to isolate polysaccharides, but without complete compositional analyses.\u00ae products) have been shown to be metabolized by human colonic bacteria. Orally ingested fucoidans, glucans and mannans (or their fragments) have been detected in numerous tissues and organs throughout the body [Dietary polysaccharides are known to impact gut microbial ecology ,102, andthe body ,108,109,One can only speculate upon the mechanisms by which the polysaccharides discussed in this review influence immunologic function, particularly when one considers the exceedingly complex environment of the GI tract. It is possible that fragments of polysaccharides partially hydrolyzed by gut bacteria may either bind to gut epithelia and exert localized and/or systemic immune system effects, or be absorbed into the bloodstream, with the potential to exert systemic effects. Current studies investigating the link between the bioconversion of dietary polysaccharides, their bioavailability and their downstream effects on the host metabolism and physiology are utilizing metabolomic and metagenomic approaches that can detect and track diverse microbial metabolites from immunomodulatory polysaccharides . These aAdditional RCTs of well-characterized products are needed to more completely understand the immunomodulatory effects and specific applications of oral polysaccharides. Such studies will need to better investigate the optimal timing and duration for polysaccharide ingestion. That is, should they be consumed continuously, before, at the time of, or after exposure to a pathogen or environmental insult? Only a few studies have actually investigated the impact of timing of polysaccharide intake to achieve optimal benefits. Daily feeding with some polysaccharides appears to result in tolerance (and diminished benefits); this has been demonstrated for some mushroom \u03b2-glucans ,26. For The dietary polysaccharides included in this review have been shown to elicit diverse immunomodulatory effects in animal tissues, including the blood, GI tract, and spleen. In controlled human trials, polysaccharide intake stimulated the immune system in the blood of healthy adults, dampened the allergic response to a respiratory inflammatory agent, and improved survival in cancer patients. Additional RCTs of well-characterized products are needed to more completely understand the immunomodulatory effects and specific applications of oral polysaccharides(a)anthracene; DMH: N-N'-dimethylhydrazine; DMN: dimethylhydrazine; DSS: dextran sulfate sodium; EBV: Epstein-Barr virus; GALT: gut-associated lymphoid tissue; GI: gastrointestinal; H202: hydrogen peroxide; HSV: herpes simplex virus; ICR: imprinting control region; ID: intradermal; IEL: intraepithelial lymphocytes; IFN-\u03bb: interferon gamma; IG: intragastric; IgA: immunoglobulin A; IgE: immunoglobulin E; IgG: immunoglobulin G; IgM: immunoglobulin M; IL: interleukin; IMC: invasive micropapillary carcinoma; IN: intranasally; IP: intraperitoneal; IV: intravenous; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; M\u00f8: macrophage; mAb: monoclonal antibody; 3-MCA: methylcholanthrene; MLN: mesenteric lymph nodes; MM-46 carcinoma: mouse mammary carcinoma; MW: molecular weight; NK: natural killer; NOAEL: no observable adverse effect level; OVA: ovalbumin; PBL: peripheral blood leukocytes; PBMC: peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PHA: phytohaemagglutinin; PMA: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate; PML: polymorphonuclear lymphocyte; RCT: randomized, controlled trial; RNA: ribonucleic acid; SC: subcutaneous; SD rats: Sprague Dawley; TCR: T cell receptor; TLR: toll like receptor; TNF-\u03b1: tumor necrosis factor alpha; UC: ulcerative colitis; WT: wild type.\u2640: female; \u2642: male; Ab: antibody; AIDS: autoimmune deficiency syndrome; AOM: azoxymethane; BBN: N-butyl-N'-butanolnitrosamine; BLCL: Burkitt's Lymphoma Cell Line; BW: body weight; CBC: complete blood count; CD: cluster of differentiation; CFU: colony forming unit; ConA: concanavalin A; CXCR: CXC chemokine receptor; DMBA: 7,12-dimethylbenz\u00ae powder and Advanced Ambrotose\u00ae powder) discussed in this review.The authors are employees of the Research & Development Department at Mannatech, Incorporated, which sells two of the polysaccharide products (AmbrotoseJER and EDN conducted literature searches and wrote the manuscript. RAS provided technical guidance. All authors read and approved the final manuscript."}
{"text": "Yarrowia lipolytica, Debaryomyces hansenii, Kluyveromyces lactis and Candida glabrata. Y. lipolytica is a dimorphic yeast and has good capacities to secrete proteins. The translocation of nascent protein through the endoplasmic reticulum membrane was well studied in Y. lipolytica and is largely co-translational as in the mammalian protein secretion pathway.Protein secretion is a universal cellular process involving vesicles which bud and fuse between organelles to bring proteins to their final destination. Vesicle budding is mediated by protein coats; vesicle targeting and fusion depend on Rab GTPase, tethering factors and SNARE complexes. The G\u00e9nolevures II sequencing project made available entire genome sequences of four hemiascomycetous yeasts, S. cerevisiae proteins involved in vesicular secretion and these protein sequences were used for the BLAST searches against G\u00e9nolevures protein database . These proteins are well conserved between these yeasts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We note several specificities of Y. lipolytica which may be related to its good protein secretion capacities and to its dimorphic aspect. An expansion of the Y. lipolytica Rab protein family was observed with autoBLAST and the Rab2- and Rab4-related members were identified with BLAST against NCBI protein database. An expansion of this family is also found in filamentous fungi and may reflect the greater complexity of the Y. lipolytica secretion pathway. The Rab4p-related protein may play a role in membrane recycling as rab4 deleted strain shows a modification of colony morphology, dimorphic transition and permeability. Similarly, we find three copies of the gene (SSO) encoding the plasma membrane SNARE protein. Quantification of the percentages of proteins with the greatest homology between S. cerevisiae, Y. lipolytica and animal homologues involved in vesicular transport shows that 40% of Y. lipolytica proteins are closer to animal ones, whereas they are only 13% in the case of S. cerevisiae.We identified Y. lipolytica is more representative of vesicular secretion of animals and other fungi than is S. cerevisiae.These results provide further support for the idea, previously noted about the endoplasmic reticulum translocation pathway, that  Yarrowia lipolytica is a hemiascomycetous dimorphic yeast, generally regarded as safe (GRAS), which has been used for biotechnological applications. It is able to produce large amounts of several metabolites such as citric acid and to secrete a variety of extracellular proteins  . Y. lipboratory . We focuboratory -8, on thboratory  and on tboratory . SeveralY. lipolytica and we compared them to the proteins of the three other yeasts, Candida glabrata, Kluyveromyces lactis and Debaryomyces hansenii. C. glabrata has become the second most common cause of candidiasis after Candida albicans. C. glabrata is not dimorphic, in contrast to other Candida species, and is phylogenetically closer to Saccharomyces cerevisiae . VesEndoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport is mediated by the action respectively of the COPII and COPI coat complexes -23 for r for r23 S. cerevisiae, there are one Sec23p, one Sec23p-related protein, one Sec24p, two Sec24p-related proteins (Sfb2p and Sfb3p) and one Sec12p homologue (Sed4p). In Y. lipolytica and D. hansenii, all the COP II coat components are well conserved and we find two Sec23p-homologues, two Sec24p-homologues but no Sed4p proteins. In C. glabrata, there are two Sec23p-homologues, three Sec24p-homologues and two Sec13p-homologues and in K. lactis we found the same proteins as in S. cerevisiae with the exception of Sfb2p and Sed4p.Vesicle budding is initiated by the activation of the GTPase Sar1p by the endoplasmic reticulum integral membrane guanine exchange factor Sec12p ,28. Sar1S. cerevisiae components are conserved in Y. lipolytica, though the Y. lopolytica Sec28p is only weakly related to the S. cerevisiae protein. In K. lactis, the Arf1 protein homologue was not identified but another Arf protein could play the role of Arf1p .The COP I coat assembles by the same process as COP II complex involving an Arfp-GTPase .S. cerevisiae, by homology to the mammalian adaptor protein (AP) subunit sequences, three potential heterotetrameric adaptor protein complexes have been identified . TheS. cerevisiae, Ypt1p, Ypt31p/32p and Sec4p are the essential Rab GTPases which regulate the exocytic pathway and Ypt6p, Ypt7p and Ypt51p/52p/53p are involved in the endocytic pathway. S. cerevisiae also has two other Rab GTPase, Ypt10p and Ypt11p which are also present in C. glabrata and we can find Ypt11p in K. lactis. Ypt10p seems to be involved in endocytic function and Ypt11p is required for endoplasmic reticulum inheritance . The Us complex . In Y. ls is low . Cog2p wY. lipolytica does not align with the S. cerevisiae sequence. Nevertheless the Y. lipolytica sequence also contains potential coiled-coil regions  and Tip20p ,106. Dslnalysis, ). The TiS. cerevisiae TRAPP II complex  is composed of ten subunits and could have a role in retrograde transport of Golgi vesicles  areeckpoint ; Imh1p, eckpoint ,120] andeckpoint  [for a reckpoint ]; Coy1p,RE Gos1p  and Rud3RE Gos1p .The TRAPP II subunit Trs120p is required for vesicle traffic from early endosome to the late Golgi .The Vps Class C/HOPS complex . Twentyer fungi , Vam3p aormation ,143. Vam mutants . In Y. lunctions . The mulunctions . Sft1p wS. cerevisiae, Sly1p acting between the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi .S. cerevisiae sequences were collected from Saccharomyces Genome Database [Hemiascomycetous yeast genome sequences, BLAST searches of vesicular secretion proteins and BLAST results  were obtained from the G\u00e9nolevures web site . S. cereDatabase . BLASTs Database  and InfoDatabase . ProteinDatabase , ExPASy Database  and CBS Database .S. cerevisiae vesicular secretion was made from literature. These S. cerevisiae protein sequences were used for BLAST searches with the G\u00e9nolevures web site. For protein families such as Rab protein, autoBLAST, which means BLAST of a sequence against its own genome, were made to identify all the members of the family. The protein sequences of the new members were identified by BLAST searches against the NCBI eukaryotic protein sequences.A list of proteins implicated in The percentages of proteins with the greatest homology Fig.  and 8 weY. lipolytica,Yl: Yarrowia lipolytica; C. glabrata, Cg: Candida glabrata; K. lactis, Kl: Kluyveromyces lactis; D. hansenii, Dl: Debaryomyces hansenii; S. cerevisiae, Sc: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; N. crassa, Nc: Neurospora crassa; SNARE: Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor Attachment protein Receptor.DS conceived the study, carried out the molecular genetic studies, the sequence analyses and drafted the manuscript. JMB participated in the sequence analyses. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Yarrowia lipolytica identified proteins coatsDrawing of . PM: plasma membrane, ER: endoplasmic reticulum, RE: recycling endosome, EE: early endosome, LE: late endosome, MVB: multi-vesicular bodies, SV: secretory vesicle.Click here for fileYarrowia lipolytica identified Ypt/Rab GTPasesDrawing of . PM: plasma membrane, ER: endoplasmic reticulum, RE: recycling endosome, EE: early endosome, LE: late endosome, MVB: multi-vesicular bodies, SV: secretory vesicle.Click here for fileFull image of Figure 2Click here for fileYarrowia lipolytica identified tethering factorsDrawing of . PM: plasma membrane, ER: endoplasmic reticulum, RE: recycling endosome, EE: early endosome, LE: late endosome, MVB: multi-vesicular bodies, SV: secretory vesicle.Click here for fileDrawing of Yarrowia lipolytica identified SNARE and SM proteins. PM: plasma membrane, ER: endoplasmic reticulum, RE: recycling endosome, EE: early endosome, LE: late endosome, MVB: multi-vesicular bodies, SV: secretory vesicle.Click here for fileE-values. E-values found for BLAST of Yarrowia lipolytica proteins against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida glabrata, Kluyveromyces lactis, Debaryomyces hansenii, Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Sp),Neurospora crassa, other fungi, animals, plants, obtained with NCBI web site. Numbers between brackets indicate the order of best BLAST hits. Fungi: Ashbya gossypii (Ag), Aspergillus clavatus (Ac), Aspergillus fumigatus (Af), Aspergillus nidulans (Asn), Aspergillus niger (An), Aspergillus orizae (Ao), Aspergillus parasiticus (Ap), Aspergillus terreus (Ast), Chaetomium globosum (Chg), Coccidioides immitis (Ci), Coprinopsis cinerea (Cc), Cryptococus neoformans (Cn), Gibberzlla zeae (Gz), Hypocrea lixii (Hl), Magnaporthe grisea (Mg), Neosartorya fischeri (Nf), Neurospora crassa (Nc), Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb), Phaeosphaeria nodorum (Pn), Ustilago maydis (Um). Animals: Aedes aegypti (Aa), Aiptasia pulchella (Ap), Anopheles gambiae (Ang), Apis mellifera (Am), Bombyx mori (Bm), Bos taurus (Bt), Caenorhabditis briggsae (Cb), Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce), Canis familiaris (Cf), Danio rerio (Dr), Drosophila grimshawi (Dg), Drosophila melanogaster (Dm), Drosophila pseudoobscura (Dp), Gallus gallus (Gg), Homo sapiens (Hs), Macaca mulatta (Mam), Mus musculus (Mm), Oryzias latipes (Ol), Pan troglodytes (Pt), Pongo pygmaeus (Pp), Rattus norvegicus (Rn), Strongylocentrus purpuratus (Stp), Xenopus laevis (Xl), Xenopustropicalis (Xt). Plants: Arabidopsis thaliana (At), Brassica oleracea (Bo), Brassica rapa (Br), Hyacinthus orientalis (Ho), Lotus japonicus (Lj), Medicago truncatula (Mt), Nicotiana tabacum (Nt), Oenothera odorata (Oo), Oriza sativa (Os), Pisum sativum (Ps), Solanum chacoense (Soc), Solanum tuberosum (St), Zea mays (Zm). .Click here for fileE-values. E-values found for NCBI BLAST of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins against Yarrowia lipolytica and animal proteins .Click here for fileCandida. glabrata, Kluyveromyces lactis, Debaryomyces hansenii genes coding for the proteins potentially implicated in vesicular transport.List of Click here for file"}
{"text": "The last word in the title is misspelled. The correct spelling is \"onychodystrophy.\" The title should therefore read: DLA Class II Alleles Are Associated with Risk for Canine Symmetrical Lupoid Onychodystrophy (SLO). The corrected citation is: Wilbe M, Ziener ML, Aronsson A, Harlos C, Sundberg K, et al. (2010) DLA Class II Alleles Are Associated with Risk for Canine Symmetrical Lupoid Onychodystrophy (SLO). PLoS ONE 5(8): e12332. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0012332"}
{"text": "Gonium is intermediate in organizational complexity between its unicellular relative, Chlamydomonas, and its multicellular relatives with differentiated cell types, such as Volvox. Gonium pectorale consists of ~16 biflagellate cells arranged in a flat plate. The detailed molecular analysis of any species necessitates its accessibility to genetic manipulation, but, in volvocine algae, transformation procedures have so far only been established for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Volvox carteri.Green algae of the family Volvocaceae are a model lineage for studying the molecular evolution of multicellularity and cellular differentiation. The volvocine alga G. pectorale was achieved using a heterologous dominant antibiotic resistance gene, the aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase VIII gene (aphVIII) of Streptomyces rimosus, as a selectable marker. Heterologous 3'- and 5'-untranslated flanking sequences, including promoters, were from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii or from Volvox carteri. After particle gun bombardment of wild type Gonium cells with plasmid-coated gold particles, transformants were recovered. The transformants were able to grow in the presence of the antibiotic paromomycin and produced a detectable level of the AphVIII protein. The plasmids integrated into the genome, and stable integration was verified after propagation for over 1400 colony generations. Co-transformants were recovered with a frequency of ~30\u201350% when cells were co-bombarded with aphVIII-based selectable marker plasmids along with unselectable plasmids containing heterologous genes. The transcription of the co-transformed, unselectable genes was confirmed. After heterologous expression of the luciferase gene from the marine copepod Gaussia princeps, which was previously engineered to match the codon usage in C. reinhardtii, Gonium transformants show luciferase activity through light emission in bioluminescence assays.Stable nuclear transformation of C. reinhardtii and from V. carteri work in G. pectorale and allow the functional expression of heterologous genes, such as the selectable marker gene aphVIII of S. rimosus or the co-transformed, codon-optimized G. princeps luciferase gene, which turned out to be a suitable reporter gene in Gonium. The availability of a method for transformation of Gonium makes genetic engineering of this species possible and allows for detailed studies in molecular evolution using the unicellular Chlamydomonas, the 16-celled Gonium, and the multicellular Volvox.Flanking sequences that include promoters from  Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . Unfortunately, no molecular tools and hardly any nucleotide sequence data are available for genera that are intermediate in organizational complexity between Chlamydomonas and Volvox. Because a molecular analysis of species with intermediate organizational complexity is important for the understanding of molecular evolution, we planned to establish a transformation technique in Gonium pectorale to allow for its genetic manipulation. This coenobial  volvocine green alga builds a slightly convex plate, which typically contains 16 cells in a rather square or rhomboidal arrangement, with four cells in the center and 12 cells in the periphery  of Streptomyces rimosus, which confers resistance to paromomycin  and cells were disrupted using a Sonopuls\u2122 HD2070 sonicator (Bandelin Electronic) and the lysate was transferred to a 24-well plate. After addition of 150 \u03bcl 0.05 mM coelenterazine  in assay buffer, the 24-well plate was exposed to a chemiluminescence-sensitive film  for 30 s at 20\u00b0C , and frozen at -20\u00b0C for at least 20 min. After thawing, 20 \u03bcl samples were added to 125 \u03bcl of the assay buffer . Following incubation for 15 min at 20\u00b0C in the dark, samples were transferred to clear polystyrene vials , 50 \u03bcl 0.01 mM coelenterazine was added, and bioluminescence was assayed at 20\u00b0C using a MiniLumat LB9506 luminometer . The luminescence was recorded as relative light units.Quantitation of bioluminescence was performed as described by Shao and Bock . For it,For analysis of induction of luciferase activity in heat-shocked transformants, organisms were subject to a temperature shift from 23 to 36\u00b0C for 1 h, because in preliminary tests, shifts to 36\u00b0 resulted in the strongest induction in comparison to lower or higher temperatures (data not shown). After a 1 h recovery phase at 23\u00b0C, cells were lysed by freezing and thawing and luciferase activity was assayed at 20\u00b0C as described above . As a reAlignment of sequences was done using the MUltiple Sequence Comparison by Log-Expectation program (MUSCLE) . Minor mThe novel sequences that are described in this study have been deposited under the following accession numbers:Gonium pectorale SAG 12.85: rbcL [GenBank: FJ793553], psaA [GenBank: FJ793556], psaB [GenBank: FJ793559], ITS [GenBank: FJ793562]; Gonium pectorale CCAP 32/14: rbcL [GenBank: FJ793554], psaA [GenBank: FJ793557], psaB [GenBank: FJ793560], ITS [GenBank: FJ793563]; Gonium pectorale NIES-1710: rbcL [GenBank: FJ793555], psaA [GenBank: FJ793558], psaB [GenBank: FJ793561], ITS [GenBank: FJ793564].The accession numbers of other cited sequences are:Gonium pectorale NIES-569: rbcL [GenBank: D63437], psaA [GenBank: AB044242], psaB [GenBank: AB044463]; Gonium pectorale UTEX 2570: ITS [GenBank: AF054425]; Gonium pectorale AWCAf2\u20133: ITS [GenBank: AF054431]; Gonium pectorale AWC-Laos: ITS [GenBank: AF182429]; Gonium pectorale Coleman 16-1: ITS [GenBank: U66969]; Gonium pectorale UTEX 2075: ITS [GenBank: AF054434]; Gonium pectorale UTEX 2581: ITS [GenBank: AF054433]; Gonium octonarium GO-LC-1+: rbcL [GenBank: D63436], psaA [GenBank: AB044241], psaB [GenBank: AB044462]; Gonium octonarium UTEX 842: ITS [GenBank: U66968]; Gonium quadratum NIES-653: rbcL [GenBank: D63438], psaA [GenBank: AB044243], psaB [GenBank: AB044464]; Gonium quadratum AWC-Cal3-3: ITS [GenBank: AF182430]; Gonium quadratum AWC-Cat: ITS [GenBank: AF182431]; Gonium multicoccum UTEX 2580: rbcL [GenBank: D63435], psaA [GenBank: AB044240], psaB [GenBank: AB044461]; Gonium multicoccum UTEX 783: ITS [GenBank: U66967]; Gonium viridistellatum UTEX 2519: rbcL [GenBank: D86831], psaA [GenBank: AB044244], psaB [GenBank: AB044465]; Gonium viridistellatum UTEX 2520: ITS [GenBank: AF182432]; Tetrabaena socialis  NIES-571: rbcL [GenBank: D63443], psaA [GenBank: AB044415], psaB [GenBank: AB044466]; Tetrabaena socialis  UTEX 14: ITS [GenBank: U66976]; Basichlamys sacculifera (= Gonium sacculiferum) NIES-566: rbcL [GenBank: D63430], psaA [GenBank: AB044416], psaB ; Basichlamys sacculifera (= Gonium sacculiferum) UTEX 822: ITS [GenBank: U66972]; Astrephomene gubernaculifera NIES-418: rbcL [GenBank: D63428], psaA [GenBank: AB044234], psaB [GenBank: AB044458]; Astrephomene gubernaculifera UTEX 1393: ITS [GenBank: AF054422]; Astrephomene perforata NIES-564: rbcL [GenBank: D63429], psaA [GenBank: AB044238], psaB [GenBank: AB044460]; Astrephomene perforata UTEX 2475: ITS [GenBank: U66939]; Pandorina morum NIES-574: rbcL [GenBank: D63442], psaA [GenBank: AB044226], psaB [GenBank: AB044452]; Pandorina morum Poona: ITS [GenBank: AF182433]; Eudorina unicocca UTEX 1215: rbcL [GenBank: D63434], psaA [GenBank: AB044209], psaB [GenBank: AB044440]; Eudorina elegans NIES-456: rbcL [GenBank: D63432], psaA [GenBank: AB044199], psaB [GenBank: AB044435]; Pleodorina californica UTEX 809: rbcL [GenBank: D63439], psaA [GenBank: AB044192], psaB [GenBank: AB044430]; Volvox aureus NIES-541: rbcL [GenBank: D63445], psaA [GenBank: AB044182], psaB [GenBank: AB044424]; Volvox carteri NIES-732: rbcL [GenBank: D63446], psaA [GenBank: AB044185], psaB [GenBank: AB044425]; Volvox globator UTEX 955: rbcL [GenBank: D86836], psaA [GenBank: AB044187], psaB [GenBank: AB044428]; Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 137C: rbcL [GenBank: J01399], psaA [GenBank: AB044419], psaB [GenBank: AB044470]; plasmid pPmr3 [GenBank: AY429514].aphVIII: aminoglycoside 3'-phosphotransferase VIII gene; ars: arylsulfatase gene; gPCR: genomic PCR; hsp70A: heat shock protein 70A gene; ITS: internal transcribed spacer; JM: Jaworski's Medium; MMLV: Moloney murine leukemia virus; PCR: polymerase chain reaction; psaA: photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 gene; psaB: photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2 gene; psaD: photosystem I reaction center subunit II (chloroplastic) gene; rbcL: ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (large subunit) gene; rbcS: ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase  gene; rRNA: ribosomal RNA; RT-PCR: reverse transcription PCR; UTR: untranslated region.KL conducted the experiments and analyzed the data. AH (corresponding author) conceived and coordinated the study, critically evaluated the data, and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.Gonium pectorale strainsDescription of the phylogenetic analysis of utilized . The identity of the utilized Gonium pectorale strains SAG 12.85, CCAP 32/14 and NIES-1710 was verified in a phylogenetic analysis. Therefore, we cloned and sequenced certain DNA fragments that have been used in phylogenetic analyses of other volvocine algae. These include fragments of chloroplast genes encoding photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A1 (psaA), photosystem I P700 chlorophyll a apoprotein A2 (psaB) and ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL), as well as the internal transcribed spacer sequences, ITS 1 and ITS 2, that flank the 5.8S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) nuclear gene.Click here for filepsaA cDNA fragments from several volvocine species.Sequence alignment of Click here for filepsaB cDNA fragments from several volvocine species.Sequence alignment of Click here for filerbcL cDNA fragments from several volvocine species.Sequence alignment of Click here for fileSequence alignment of ITS sequences flanking the 5.8S rRNA gene from several volvocine species.Click here for filepsaA, psaB and rbcL from several volvocine species.Sequence comparison of Click here for fileSequence comparison of ITS sequences flanking the 5.8S rRNA gene from several volvocine speciesClick here for filepsaA cDNA fragments from several volvocine speciesPhylogeny based on . Relationships among psaA cDNA fragments from several volvocine species. The unrooted tree was calculated using the neighbor-joining method of PHYLIP. Numbers indicate bootstrap analysis values obtained using 10000 resampled data sets. The analysis is based on the alignment given in Additional File Gonium pectorale strains are highlighted in light blue. Gonium pectorale strains used in this study are indicated by a dark blue arrow.Click here for filepsaB cDNA fragments from several volvocine speciesPhylogeny based on . Relationships among psaB cDNA fragments from several volvocine species. The unrooted tree was calculated using the neighbor-joining method of PHYLIP. Numbers indicate bootstrap analysis values obtained using 10000 resampled data sets. The analysis is based on the alignment given in Additional File Gonium pectorale strains are highlighted in light blue. Gonium pectorale strains used in this study are indicated by a dark blue arrow.Click here for filerbcL cDNA fragments from several volvocine speciesPhylogeny based on . Relationships among rbcL cDNA fragments from several volvocine species. The unrooted tree was calculated using the neighbor-joining method of PHYLIP. Numbers indicate bootstrap analysis values obtained using 10000 resampled data sets. The analysis is based on the alignment given in Additional File Gonium pectorale strains are highlighted in light blue. Gonium pectorale strains used in this study are indicated by a dark blue arrow.Click here for filepsaA, psaB and rbcL cDNA fragments from several volvocine speciesPhylogeny based on a combined data set of . Relationships within a combined data set generated from the psaA, psaB and rbcL sequences from several volvocine species. The unrooted tree was calculated using the neighbor-joining method of PHYLIP. Numbers indicate bootstrap analysis values obtained using 30000 resampled data sets. The analysis is based on the alignments given in Additional Files Gonium pectorale strains are highlighted in light blue. Gonium pectorale strains used in this study are indicated by a dark blue arrow.Click here for filePhylogeny based on ITS 1, ITS 2 and 5.8S rRNA sequences from several volvocine species. Relationships among ITS 1/5.8S rRNA/ITS 2 sequences from several volvocine species. The unrooted tree was calculated using the neighbor-joining method of PHYLIP. Numbers indicate bootstrap analysis values obtained using 10000 resampled data sets. The analysis is based on the alignment given in Additional File Gonium pectorale strains are highlighted in light blue. Gonium pectorale strains used in this study are indicated by a dark blue arrow.Click here for file"}
{"text": "The wrong file was inadvertently uploaded for Table S17. The authors regret this error. The file should contain the following table:Criteria Number of genes======================================Total representative genes: 20,905Have at least one GO annotation: 12,515Have at least one GO process annotation: 8,058Have at least one GO component annotation: 7,797Have at least one GO function annotation: 10,170The correct Supplementary Table file can be obtained at:Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Because the author Tuncay Delibasi was added to the author byline after publication, the Author Contributions section does not correctly reflect the new authorship. The new Author Contributions should read:Conceived and designed the experiments: GPF TB RA TD KE MLW JL. Performed the experiments: GPF TB RA TD KE HKE MLW JL. Analyzed the data: GPF TB RA TD KE MLW JL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RA MLW JL. Wrote the paper: GPF TB RA TD KE MLW JL."}
{"text": "There are two Co atoms in the asymmetric unit, each lying on an inversion centre and adopting a distorted octa\u00adhedral coordination. Classical and non-classical hydrogen bonds are responsible for formation of a three-dimensional polymeric network in the crystal.The title cobalt(II) complex, [CoCl DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809042263/dn2499Isup2.hkl            Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report            Additional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "The ZnII ion is also four-coordinated by the two phenolate O atoms of the Schiff base ligand and by two cis-coordinated chloride anions.In the title compound, [CuZnCl DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809006928/hg2482Isup2.hkl            Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report            Additional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "The two crystallographically independent oxalate ligands, each lying on an inversion center, act as bridging ligands, linking Nd atoms into an extended zigzag chain. Neighboring chains are linked by the pyrazine-2-carboxyl\u00adate ligands into a two-dimensional layerlike network in the (10In the title complex, [Nd(C DOI: 10.1107/S1600536809031250/hy2217Isup2.hkl            Structure factors: contains datablocks I. DOI:  crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report            Additional supplementary materials:"}
{"text": "Correction to: Isr J Health Policy Reshttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-019-0338-0Incorrect: Hierarchy of hair loss stigma: media portrayals of cancer, alopecia areata, and cancer in Israeli newspapersCorrect: Hierarchy of hair loss stigma: media portrayals of cancer, alopecia areata, and ringworm in Israeli NewspapersThe original publication of this article  containeThe original publication has been updated."}
{"text": "Affiliation 1 and affiliation 2 are incomplete and incorrectly switched. The complete, correct affiliation 1 is: Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit\u2014Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 87036 Rende (CS) IT. The complete, correct affiliation 2 is: Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata Rende (CS) IT.Affiliation 3 is incomplete. The complete affiliation 3 is: Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l\u2019Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), TRISAIA Research Center, S.S. 106 Jonica, 75026 Rotondella (MT) IT."}
{"text": "Corrigendum: After publication, a reader notified the authors that there are taxonomic and spelling issues throughout the article and in the reference list. The following changes have been made: A type species has been identified for Fimbriaphyllia, which is now assigned to the family Euphylliidae. The publication is now registered with ZooBank (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EBF69BA0-897E-4AC8-ADF5-4A7115CA1353).Physogyra lichtensteni, Plerogyra sinuosa , Plesiastrea versipora and Blastomussa wellsi are now classified as incertae sedis.Faviidae is no longer listed as a family. Favia rotumana is now referred to as Dipsastraea rotumana, and Favia pallida is now referred to as Dipsastraea pallida.The taxonomic status of Trachyphyllidae [sic] has been removed.F. divisa is now described as having both flabello-meandroid and phacelo-flabellate or phaceloid corallite structures.Euphyllidae is now spelled as Euphylliidae, Caryophyllidae as Caryophylliidae and Lobophyllidae as Lobophylliidae.Figure 4 has been revised to reflect that Fimbriaphyllia divisa and Fimbriaphyllia yaeyamaensis both have phaceloid and phacelo-flabellate colony formations. These traits are indicated in the branches next to the photos of F. divisa and F. yaeyamaensis in the dichotomous tree based on phylogeny.New Figures 5 and 6 have been added to demonstrate the skeletal morphology of the Euphyllia and Fimbriaphyllia species, and height comparisons between F. paradivisa and E. glabrescens, respectively.New references Alloiteau (1952), Benzoni et al. (2014), Budd et al. (2012), Chamisso & Eysenhardt (1821), Chen et al. (2005), Eyal et al. (2016), Gravier (1910), Griffith (2004), Huang et al. (2016), Khodzori et al. (2015), Matthai (1928), Mazlan et al. (2005), Milne & Haime (1848), Milne & Haime (1849), Milne & Haime (1851), Nemenzo (1960), Oken (1815-1816), Pillai (1971), Quoy & Gaimard (1824), Richards & Beger (2013), Saville-Kent (1893), Shirai (1980), Spengler (1799), Umbgrove (1939), Veron & Hodgson (1989), Veron (1990), Veron (1992) and Wells (1971) have been added. Additionally, titles for references Akmal et al. (2017), Arrigoni et al. (2016) and Veron & Pichon (1980) have been corrected.Lastly, the authors have added an Acknowledgements and a New Species Registration section and have updated the Funding statement, Grant Disclosure, and Field Study Permissions to reflect additional work done post-publication. Publisher\u2019s Note: On July 8, 2018, this corrigendum was published with an incomplete LSID. This has now been corrected to: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:EBF69BA0-897E-4AC8-ADF5-4A7115CA1353"}
{"text": "AbstractColeoptera: Coccinellidae) known in Algeria now contains 75 species belonging in ten tribes. New country records include the European species Oenopiaconglobata and the invasive Asian species Harmoniaaxyridis. Sampling data is provided for 14 species found during a faunistic survey performed mostly in agroecosystems, together with host plant and prey species.An updated and corrected checklist of species of ladybird beetles ( Coccinellidae (ladybirds) is the most species-rich family in the recently recognized beetle superfamily Coccinelloidea (Family elloidea  with appelloidea . They arelloidea .Coccinellidae) of individual countries are relatively well known, and the fauna of Algeria is also relatively well documented   used by Exochomusquadripustulatus       Rhyzobiuslophantae    Tetrabrachyscribratellus   Tetrabrachysvolkonskyi   CoccinelliniAdaliabipunctata       undecimnotata used by Cheilomenespropinqua   Coccinellaseptempunctata Linnaeus, 1758  (new record) *PageBreakHarmoniaquadripunctata   Hippodamiatredecimpunctata   (as H. (Adonia) variegata by Myrrhaoctodecimguttata   Oenopiaconglobata  (new record) *Oenopiadoublieri         Henosepilachnaargus        Nephus (Bipunctatus) bicinctus   Nephus (Bipunctatus) bipunctatus   Nephus (Bipunctatus) conjunctus   Nephus (Sidis) hiekei   Nephus (Sidis) levaillanti  (syn. Scymnuslevaillanti used by Nephus (Nephus) ludyi   Nephus (Bipunctatus) peyerimhoffi  (source:  source:  *Nephus (Nephus) quadrimaculatus  (source:  source: Nephus (Nephus) redtenbacheri   Scymniscussplendidulus   Scymnus (Scymnus) apetzi Mulsant, 1846 (source:  source: Scymnus (Scymnus) bivulnerus Baudi di Selve, 1894 (source:  source: Scymnus (Mimopullus) fulvicollis Mulsant, 1846 (syn. Pullusfulvicollis used by Scymnus (Scymnus) interruptus  (source:  source: Scymnus (Scymnus) laetificus Weise, 1879  marginalis   Scymnus (Mimopullus) marinus   nubilus   Scymnus (Scymnus) pavesii Canepari, 1983  rufipes  (source:  source: Scymnus (Pullus) subvillosus  (syn Pullussubvillosus used by PageBreakScymnus (Scymnus) suffrianioides Sahlberg, 1913  suturalis Thunberg, 1795   used by SticholotidiniCoelopterussalinus Mulsant & Rey, 1852     Chilocoruscacti was introduced in Algeria but probably did not establish itself  using a CLIMEX model. Although meanwhile it has been found in a few countries with wet tropical climate (Kenya: H.axyridis in Algeria. The first specimen found was a male (Fig. succinea. The establishment of the species was confirmed by occurrence of many larvae and pupae in 2018. All adults found in 2018 were of form succinea, which is the most common colour form in the native Chinese as well as in most invasive populations (The occurrence of the invasive alien species e Kenya: , and in  Poutsma 008 usingulations .Oenopiaconglobata is a common tree inhabiting predatory ladybird living in most European countries and as a subspecies in large parts of Asia. The specimen collected in Algeria has yellow elytral background (Fig. und Fig. , while i"}
{"text": "AbstractMacrothelecalpeiana) is currently protected by the Natura 2000 network and no endemic spider species (aside from Anapistulaataecina) has been assessed according to the IUCN Red List criteria. The objective of this paper is to assess all non-assessed endemic species (41) as well as M.calpeiana.The Iberian Peninsula is a diverse region that contains several different bioclimatic areas within one confined space, leading to high biodiversity. Portugal distinguishes itself in this regard by having a high count of spider species (829) and a remarkable number of endemic spider species (42) for its size . However, only one non-endemic species  had enough data to allow their EOO (extent of occurrence) and AOO (area of occurrence) to be quantified. Of these, we modelled the distribution of 14 epigean species, eight of which were found to be widespread. The remaining six fulfilled at least one of the criteria for threatened species. Four species are troglobiont, all of which meet the EOO and AOO thresholds for threatened species. The remaining 25 Portuguese endemics had no reliable information on their range. Only nine species out of the 43 are estimated to be in decline and 11 are stable, with the majority of species having no information on trends (23 species).Only 18 species (including Forest areas, sand dunes, shrublands and caves host the majority of species. As such, the threats to Portuguese endemics reflect the diversity of habitats they occupy. Urbanisation and climate change seem to be the most important threats to these species, although other factors are also important and represented across the data.A considerable proportion of the currently known Portuguese endemic species can be found in national protected areas, with higher prominence to the Serras de Aire e Candeeiros, Douro Internacional, Vale do Guadiana, Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina and Arr\u00e1bida Natural Parks. These correspond mostly to areas that have been particularly well sampled during the last two decades. Portugal is a small country with a large coastal area that occupies the majority of the western coast of the Iberian Peninsula and is separated into two biogeographic regions, Mediterranean and Atlantic . While tArachnida: Araneae). The latest data show that 1488 spider species are known to occur in the Iberian Peninsula, of which 825 of them are present in mainland Portugal, 42 of those considered endemic to the country  using the package \"red - IUCN redlisting tools\" , with thSpecies with less than five georeferrenced records were considered to be insufficiently known and classified as Data Deficient (DD). When it was possible to reliably due so, i.e. for species with sufficient distribution data, EOO and AOO were calculated in one of two ways:1. For troglobiont species, we assumed that we knew well enough the full range of the species, based on the fact that Portuguese cave systems are relatively well explored. We then classified these values as observed and used our occurrence records to:Calculate EOO by building a minimum convex polygon that encompassed all observations.Calculate AOO by summing the area of all 2 x 2 km cells known to be occupied.2. For non-troglobiont species with at least five records, species distribution modelling (SDM) was performed.This was done using the environmental data present in Worldclim 2.0  and the run = max)2weightAnapistulaataecina.These probabilistic models were then processed with the map.habitat function, which further restricted them to patches, including observation points, thus often reducing the range and consequently the EOO and AOO values. We present for each assessment the EOO and AOO for both the consensus maps and their lower confidence limits (in reverse order in the assessments themselves), calculated respectively as the areas found suitable in at least 50% and 97.5% of the 100 models created per species . All final maps and values were checked and validated by our own expert opinion. All data, presented in the Results section, use the lower confidence limits as per the precautionary principle and includes the previously assessed EratigenabarrientosiScientific name: Species authority: Bolzern, Crespo & Cardoso, 2009Common names: Funileira-de-BarrientosAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: AgelenidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 1Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): There are only two records for the species . The truMin Elevation/Depth (m): 50Max Elevation/Depth (m): 320Range description: This spider is known from only two sites in central Portugal , one in EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (2 records) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: Data available (2 records) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only two sites, one a botanical garden and the other a pinewood plantation.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens16. Introduced vegetationHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens16. Introduced vegetationSize: 2.32 - 3.32 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): A ground-dwelling species that builds a sheet web to catch a variety of small prey. They also build small tube web retreats at one end of the sheet. Given the habitat types where the species was found, it seems to be tolerant to humans.Justification for threats: Existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider was collected at two sites, one of which makes it fair to assume that its true range might be completely or at least partially covered by the Natura 2000 network (PTCON0015) and the Serras de Aires e Candeeiros Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Less importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Less importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.EratigenaincognitaScientific name: Species authority: Bolzern, Crespo & Cardoso, 2009Common names: Funileira-inc\u00f3gnitaAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: AgelenidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 2Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Largely unknown, as there is only one record for the species . The speMin Elevation/Depth (m): 200Max Elevation/Depth (m): 200Range description: This spider is known from only one heavily urbanised mixed forest in Parque Florestal de Monsanto, close to Lisbon .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider's only record comes from Parque Florestal de Monsanto, a small forest area that is isolated by human infrastructure, the closest natural area being located in Sintra, ca. 20 km away.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens14.5. Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban AreasHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens14.5. Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban AreasSize: 2.04 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): A ground-dwelling species that builds a sheet web to catch a variety of small prey. They also build small tube web retreats at one end of the sheet.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider has not been recorded inside or adjacent to protected areas. More records are needed in order to confirm or disprove this for the species' true range.Conservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.MalthonicaoceanicaScientific name: Species authority: Barrientos & Cardoso, 2007Common names: Tecedeira-de-funil-do-litoralAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: AgelenidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 3Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (20 records), mostly recent and in sand dunes . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 569Range description: This spider has been recorded in coastal areas all across Portugal, from its southernmost record in Monchique to its northernmost in Viana do Castelo .EOO (km2): 68995 - 98036Trend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 30080 - 48628Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoQuercus spp.) and plantations  from north and central Portugal, occupying coastal or sometimes mountainous regions throughout the country. Recorded once in a marshland.Habitat (narrative): Recorded in sand dunes, heathlands, rocky steppes, oak forests  - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 16. Introduced vegetationHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate5.4. Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 16. Introduced vegetationSize: 3.27 - 4.64 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider is a ground-dwelling species found in areas with relatively dense vegetation cover. It builds a sheet web often under the leaf litter and eats a variety of small crawling invertebrates.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider has been found in a variety of protected areas, namely the Litoral Norte Natural Park, the Paul de Arzila Natural Reserve, the Serras de Aire e Candeeiros Natural Park, the Paul do Boquilobo Natural Reserve and the Serra de S\u00e3o Mamede Natural Park. Given how widespread the species distribution modelling seems to predict this species to be, it is not unreasonable to assume that it may occupy further protected areas, as well as a variety of areas covered by the Natura 2000 network .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.DysderaalentejanaScientific name: Species authority: Ferr\u00e1ndez, 1996alentejanaCommon names: Aranha-tenaz-AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: DysderidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 4Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (10 records), mostly recent and in a variety of habitats . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 856Range description: This spider has been recorded several times, all of them in the province of Beja, Alentejo. Nevertheless, species distribution modelling predicts that it might be widespread throughout the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula.EOO (km2): 71231 - 82399Trend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 39548 - 47804Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoQuercus spp.) to shrublands  and plantations .Habitat (narrative): This spider is found in a variety of habitats, from oak forests : 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): This spider is a ground-dwelling species that builds no web, actively hunting for the woodlice of which it is presumably a specialist.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The vast majority of this species' records are located inside the Vale do Guadiana Natural Park, which is covered by the Natura 2000 network .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.HarpacteaalgarvensisScientific name: Species authority: Ferr\u00e1ndez, 1990Common names: Aranha-n\u00f3mada-do-AlgarveAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: DysderidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 5Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Largely unknown as there is only one record. The true range is therefore unknown and not possible to model with confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 500Max Elevation/Depth (m): 500Range description: Largely unknown as there is only one record  for the EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available (a single record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The data available (a single record) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from one site of unspecified habitat.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 4.6 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): A nocturnal ground-dwelling species which produces no web and eats a variety of small invertebrates.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: It is unknown exactly where this spider was collected, but it is fair to assume that its true range might be partially or completely covered by the Natura 2000 network (PTCON0057).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.HarpacteamagnibulbiScientific name: Species authority: Machado & Ferr\u00e1ndez, 1991Common names: Aranha-n\u00f3madaAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: DysderidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 6Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Largely unknown, as there are only four records for the species .Min Elevation/Depth (m): 50Max Elevation/Depth (m): 800Range description: This spider is known from only four sites in Algarve, Southernmost Portugal . Its truEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available (four records) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The data available (four records) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This spider has been recorded at four different sites, one of them a cave. Remaining sites possess no habitat information.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesSize: 3.71 - 6.16 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): A nocturnal ground-dwelling species that produces no web and eats a variety of small invertebrates.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider has not been recorded within or adjacent to national protected areas. However, the species' true range might be totally or at least partially covered by the Natura 2000 network .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.HarpacteaproximaScientific name: Species authority: Ferr\u00e1ndez, 1990Common names: Aranha-n\u00f3madaAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: DysderidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 7Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (four records), mostly recent but mostly without habitat information . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 169Range description: This spider is known from only four sites in Beja and Set\u00fabal in south Portugal. The species distribution model predicts it might be restricted to this region.EOO (km2): 5022 - 6864Trend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 1648 - 3088Number of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to the species.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownQuercus spp. and Olea sp.Habitat (narrative): This spider is known from four sites, only two of these possessing habitat information. The species seems to be associated with Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby VegetationHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby VegetationSize: 3.4 - 3.9 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): A nocturnal ground-dwelling species that produces no web and eats a variety of small invertebrates.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatHarpacteaproxima's records and the SDM, the species' true range might be partially covered by the Natura 2000 network .Justification for conservation actions: One of the species records is attributed to the outskirts of M\u00e9rtola, inside the Vale do Guadiana Natural Park. A second record in Ponte de Serpa is close to the same park. Additionally, considering the location of Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.HarpacteastalitoidesScientific name: Species authority: Ribera, 1993Common names: Aranha-n\u00f3mada-das-estalactitesAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: DysderidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 8Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Few collection sites are recorded for this species (four records), mostly recent and all of them in caves in the Algarve . Due to Min Elevation/Depth (m): 38Max Elevation/Depth (m): 308Range description: This spider is known from four isolated caves in the Maci\u00e7o Calc\u00e1rio do Algarve (MCA) in southern Portugal.EOO (km2): 1469Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: This spider currently faces threats of habitat loss due to urbanisation, land use change on the surface altering the microclimate beneath and stone quarries.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: This spider currently faces threats of habitat loss due to urbanisation, land use change on the surface altering the microclimate beneath and stone quarries.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 16Number of locations: 4Justification for number of locations: This spider is known from four isolated caves in the Maci\u00e7o Calc\u00e1rio do Algarve (MCA) in southern Portugal. Current threats do not imply a difference between the number of locations and number of subpopulations.Trend: Decline (inferred)Extreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: This spider currently faces threats of habitat loss due to urbanisation, land use change on the surface altering the microclimate beneath and stone quarries.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: 4Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: This spider currently faces threats of habitat loss due to urbanisation, land use change on the surface altering the microclimate beneath and stone quarries.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownJustification for fragmentation: No estimates of population size exist.System: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): This spider possesses a highly restricted habitat as it is known from only four sites, all located in caves.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesSize: 3.04 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): So far, this spider is the only known troglobiont species of its genus. Its eyes are totally absent as well as its pigmentation and it shows elongated appendages as are typical for many troglobionts .Justification for threats: This spider currently faces threats of habitat loss due to urbanisation, land use change on the surface altering the microclimate beneath and stone quarries.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 3.2. Energy production & mining - Mining & quarryingThreat type: OngoingThreats: 3.2. Energy production & mining - Mining & quarryingJustification for conservation actions: The species range is partially covered by the Natura 2000 network .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.HarpacteasubiasiScientific name: Species authority: Ferr\u00e1ndez, 1990Common names: Aranha-n\u00f3madaAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: DysderidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 9Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (seven records), mostly recent and in a variety of habitats. It was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 335Range description: This spider has been recorded in southern Portugal along the coast . The speEOO (km2): 9611 - 19871Trend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 2652 - 5736Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableCauses ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoQuercussuber) and one polje, a particular karstic habitat in Terras do Risco in the Arr\u00e1bida Natural Park.Habitat (narrative): The records of this spider encompass multiple habitats. The species has been recorded so far on sand dunes, mediterranean woods, rocky steppes, forests : 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): A nocturnal ground-dwelling species that produces no web and eats a variety of small invertebrates.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The vast majority of this spider's records are located within protected areas: the Arr\u00e1bida Natural Park and the Lagoas de Santo Andr\u00e9 e Sancha Natural Reserve. The species distribution modelling predicts that it could also be present in the Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina Natural Park, Estu\u00e1rio do Sado Natural Park and Ria Formosa Natural Park. The sites, from where it has been recorded, are inside the Natura 2000 network  and it could be present in further protected areas.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.AdoneaalgarvensisScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 2017AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: EresidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 10Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (seven records) from both published sources  and our Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 121Range description: This spider is known exclusively from dune sites scattered across Portugal's southern coasts . The speEOO (km2): 1503 - 1798Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The sand dunes, from where this species is exclusively found, are delicate habitats threatened by habitat loss due to urbanisation and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The sand dunes, from where this species is exclusively found, are delicate habitats threatened by habitat loss due to urbanisation and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 204 - 480Number of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available is not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The sand dunes, from where this species is exclusively found, are delicate habitats threatened by habitat loss due to urbanisation and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The data available is not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): This spider is known exclusively from dunes, often consolidated or on top of cliffs.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (observed)Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesSize: 6.5 - 7 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider is a ground-dwelling, sheet-web builder that constructs a simple vertical or inclined burrow and feeds on various small arthropods.Justification for threats: The sand dunes, from where this species is exclusively found, are delicate habitats threatened by habitat loss due to urbanisation and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas1.2. Residential & commercial development - Commercial & industrial areas1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas11.4. Climate change & severe weather - Storms & floodingThreat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas1.2. Residential & commercial development - Commercial & industrial areas1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas11.4. Climate change & severe weather - Storms & floodingJustification for conservation actions: The species range is partially covered by the Natura 2000 network . It is also partially covered by the Ria Formosa Natural Park and the Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina Natural Park. Additionally, all beaches in Portugal are governed by the European Water Framework Directive (directive 2000/60/EC), being protected by means of land-use plans that preserve coastal ecosystems (decree-law N\u00ba 130/2012).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.FilistatapygmaeaScientific name: Species authority: Zonstein, Marusik & Grabolle 2018AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: FilistatidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 11Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): There is only one record for the species . Its truMin Elevation/Depth (m): 69Max Elevation/Depth (m): 69Range description: This spider is known from only one site, in the remnants of a paleodune field in a subcoastal region near Sagres, Algarve, southern Portugal .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (a single record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: Data available (a single record) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only one site in a dune field.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesSize: 4.07 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): A nocturnal, tube-web builder that presumably feeds on a variety of small invertebrates.Justification for threats: No known threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The single known site for this spider is currently protected by the Natura 2000 network (PTCON0012 and PTZPE0015). Additionally, it is also covered by the Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the species range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the species range.ScotophaeusdolanskyiScientific name: Species authority: Lissner, 2017AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: GnaphosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 12Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): There is only one record for the species  in a maqMin Elevation/Depth (m): 350Max Elevation/Depth (m): 350Range description: This spider is known from only one site in a maquis in Sobral da Adica, Beja, southern Portugal .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available (a single record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The data available (a single record) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only one site in a maquis.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby VegetationHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby VegetationSize: 5.9 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): If similar to congeners, a nocturnal active hunter that is found at the understorey level, eating a variety of small invertebrates.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The single record for this spider is in the Natura 2000 network and its true range could be totally or at least partially covered by this instrument (PTZPE0045 and PTCON0053).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range of the species.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range of the species.ScotophaeusnanoidesScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 2011AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: GnaphosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 13Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Largely unknown, as there are only two records for the species  from theMin Elevation/Depth (m): 50Max Elevation/Depth (m): 50Range description: This spider is known from only two sites in southern Portugal, one is the small village of Olhos de \u00c1gua and the other is an unspecified site somewhere near the city of S\u00e3o Br\u00e1s de Alportel, both in the province of Faro, Algarve .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available (two records) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The data available (two records) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only two sites. The habitat of both places is unspecified.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): If similar to congeners, this spider is a nocturnal active hunter that lives at the understorey level.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: It is unknown exactly where this spider was found in S\u00e3o Br\u00e1s de Alportel. Future records might reveal its true range to be partially covered by the Natura 2000 network (PTCON0049 and PTCON0057) as it is within 5 km of known occurence points.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.TrachyzelotesminutusScientific name: Species authority: Crespo, 2010AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: GnaphosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 14Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): There are only two records for the species . The truMin Elevation/Depth (m): 200Max Elevation/Depth (m): 230Range description: This spider is known from only two sites in south Portugal, one in Corval and the other one in Montoito, \u00c9vora . They arEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available (two records) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The data available (two records) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only two sites, both cork oak woodlands with scattered bushes.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateSize: 2.36 - 2.97 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): If similar to congeners, these spiders are active predators that consume a variety of invertebrates at ground level.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider has not been recorded in areas inside or adjacent to protected areas. More records are needed in order to confirm or disprove this for the species true range.Conservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.ZelotesfuzetaScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 2011AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: GnaphosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 15Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Largely unknown, as there is only one record for the species . The truMin Elevation/Depth (m): 10Max Elevation/Depth (m): 10Range description: This spider is known from only one site in a sandy area near the beach east of Fuseta, Algarve, southern Portugal .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available (a single record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Trend: UnknownJustification for trend: The data available (a single record) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only one site in a sandy beach.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesSize: 2.8 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): If similar to conspecifics, this spider is an active ground hunter that does not build a web and consumes a variety of small invertebrates.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: It is unknown exactly where this spider was collected but it is fair to assume that its true range might be completely or at least partially covered by the Natura 2000 network (PTZPE0017 and PTCON0013). It might also be totally or partially covered by the Ria Formosa Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.MacrothelecalpeianaScientific name: Species authority: Walckenaer, 1805Common names: M\u00edgala-dos-montadosAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: MacrothelidaeFamily: Macrothelecalpeiana's records form four distinct groups. Recent work (Arnedo unpublished) suggests that the individuals recorded in Portugal may belong to a species separate from those found in Spain.Taxonomic notes: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalSpainMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 16Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (174 records) from references both recent and otherwise, but with remarkably little habitat information . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2000Range description: This spider is a widespread species present throughout the majority of southern Iberian Peninsula . It has EOO (km2): 75926-97837Trend: StableCauses ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableCauses ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 34532-52868Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Trend: UnknownJustification for trend: No known threats to the species.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoQuercussuber and was originally considered a bioindicator for this habitat. However, subsequent collections revealed that it could be found in a variety of habitats, including anthropic habitats such as pine and olive plantations and even road-sides, old walls and rubbish dumps (Habitat (narrative): This spider is known primarily from mediterranean forests dominated by sh dumps .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations14.5. Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban AreasHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations14.5. Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban AreasSize: 30-60 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This tube- and sheet-web builder creates small burrows on vertical walls, tree trunks or even at ground level, often adopting existing burrows. It is predominantly nocturnal and is reported as performing both sit-and-wait hunting, as well as active hunting.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider is found in a variety of protected areas, namely the Fonte Ben\u00e9mola Local Protected Landscape and the Rocha da Pena Local Protected Landscape in Portugal and the Do\u00f1ana National Park, La Bre\u00f1a y Marismas del Barbate Natural Park, the Sierra de Hu\u00e9tor Natural Park, Los Alcornocales Natural Park (and others) in Spain. Additionally, it is also present in a large variety of areas covered by the Natura 2000 network.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.LeptonetaberlandiScientific name: Species authority: Machado & Ribera, 1986AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LeptonetidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 17Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): There are only two old records for the species. Its true range is therefore unknown and not possible to model with confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 50Max Elevation/Depth (m): 50Range description: This spider is known from only two sites of unspecified habitat in the province of Porto, one from Monte Pedral and another from Entre-os-Rios .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The data available (two records) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The data available (two records) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only two sites of unspecified habitat.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 1.92 - 2.08 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): If similar to congeners, a nocturnal ground-dwelling species that hides under rocks and forest litter and captures prey through the use of a space web.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider has not been recorded in areas inside or adjacent to protected areas. More records are needed in order to confirm or disprove this for the species' true range.Conservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.LeptonetaconimbricensisScientific name: Species authority: Machado & Ribera, 1986AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LeptonetidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 18Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Largely unknown, as there are only four old records for the species. Its true range is therefore unknown and not possible to model with confidence.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 50Max Elevation/Depth (m): 400Range description: This spider is known from only four sites in central Portugal, two of them in caves in Coimbra, two more in sites of unspecified habitat in Aveiro .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (4 records) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: Data available (4 records) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): There are only four records for the species, two of them in caves in Coimbra, two more in sites of unspecified habitat in Aveiro.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesSize: 1.79 - 2.01 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Troglophile. A nocturnal ground-dwelling species that hides under rocks and forest litter and captures prey through the use of a space web.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider has not been recorded in areas inside or adjacent to protected areas. More records are needed in order to confirm or disprove this for the species' true range.Conservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.TeloleptonetasyntheticaScientific name: Species authority: Machado, 1951AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LeptonetidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 19Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (8 records), mostly recent and exclusively in caves . Due to Min Elevation/Depth (m): 10Max Elevation/Depth (m): 500Range description: This spider has been recorded in three areas, the Algarve and two mountain ranges, Serra da Adi\u00e7a in Alentejo and Serra da Arr\u00e1bida in Set\u00fabal .EOO (km2): 22681Trend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 32Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): This spider is a troglobiont species of highly restricted habitat found strictly within caves.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesSize: 1.98 - 2.36 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Troglobiont species with eyes very reduced in size, sometimes absent. Pigmentation is completely absent. It builds flat webs often under rocks on the cave floor where it can be found sitting waiting for prey.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: One of the areas that this spider inhabits is both a protected area, the Arr\u00e1bida Natural Park, as well as an area covered by the Natura 2000 network (PTCON0010).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.BordeaberlandiScientific name: Species authority: Fage, 1931AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 20Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (30 records), mostly recent and in caves, albeit rarely it can also be found in pinewood forests . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 894Range description: This spider is a well-established presence in cave systems throughout north and central Portugal, with a single record existing for Monchique in the Algarve . The speEOO (km2): 53080 - 70571Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Many of the underground habitats that this spider inhabits have been damaged or destroyed by pollution from human and agricultural activity (such as septic tanks and other forms of waste), infrastructure building (such as wind farms), quarries and overall disturbance from human presence, including the destruction and removal of geological structures that form this species' habitat.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Many of the underground habitats that this spider inhabits have been damaged or destroyed by pollution from human and agricultural activity (such as septic tanks and other forms of waste), infrastructure building (such as wind farms), quarries and overall disturbance from human presence, including the destruction and removal of geological structures that form this species' habitat.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 19184 - 36776Number of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The number of threats needed to completely cover the species range is unknown but, in any case, larger than 10.Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Many of the underground habitats that this spider inhabits have been damaged or destroyed by pollution from human and agricultural activity (such as septic tanks and other forms of waste), infrastructure building (such as wind farms), quarries and overall disturbance from human presence, including the destruction and removal of geological structures that form this species' habitat.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Many of the underground habitats that this spider inhabits have been damaged or destroyed by pollution from human and agricultural activity (such as septic tanks and other forms of waste), infrastructure building (such as wind farms), quarries and overall disturbance from human presence, including the destruction and removal of geological structures that form this species' habitat.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Many of the underground habitats that this spider inhabits have been damaged or destroyed by pollution from human and agricultural activity (such as septic tanks and other forms of waste), infrastructure building (such as wind farms), quarries and overall disturbance from human presence, including the destruction and removal of geological structures that form this species' habitat.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This spider is a troglophile species recorded mostly in caves (18). A fair amount of records possess no habitat information (9) and, less commonly, they possess information for pinewood forests (2) and a mine (1).Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Many of the underground habitats that this spider inhabits have been damaged or destroyed by pollution from human and agricultural activity (such as septic tanks and other forms of waste), infrastructure building (such as wind farms), quarries and overall disturbance from human presence, including the destruction and removal of geological structures that form this species' habitat.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Caves7.2. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Other Subterranean HabitatsHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Caves7.2. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Other Subterranean HabitatsSize: 1.7 - 2.1 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Troglophile species. A nocturnal ground-dwelling species that eats a variety of small invertebrates, capturing its prey through the use of a sheet web.Justification for threats: Many of the underground habitats that this spider inhabits have been damaged or destroyed by pollution from human and agricultural activity (such as septic tanks and other forms of waste), infrastructure building (such as wind farms), quarries and overall disturbance from human presence, including the destruction and removal of geological structures that form this species' habitat.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 2.1. Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops3.2. Energy production & mining - Mining & quarrying3.3. Energy production & mining - Renewable energyThreat type: OngoingThreats: 2.1. Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops3.2. Energy production & mining - Mining & quarrying3.3. Energy production & mining - Renewable energyJustification for conservation actions: This spider is a widespread species. Some of the caves it inhabits are currently covered by protected areas namely the Serra de Aire e Candeeiros Natural Park, the Peneda-Ger\u00eas National Park and the Montejunto Regional Protected Landscape. It is therefore reasonable to be expected that it is covered at large by a variety of sites designated by the Natura 2000 network.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.LabullamachadoiScientific name: Species authority: Hormiga & Scharff, 2005AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 21Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (5 records). It was possible to perform species distribution modelling to predict its potential range with confidence limits. See Methods for details.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 11Max Elevation/Depth (m): 754Range description: This spider has been recorded only in northern Portugal, mostly recent but without much habitat information although at least one record was from a mixed oak forest . The speEOO (km2): 2742 - 3415Trend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 908 - 1512Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownQuercusrobur and Quercuspyrenaica (Habitat (narrative): Despite being recorded several times, only one of this spider's records includes habitat information for a mixed oak woodland containing yrenaica .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateSize: 4.2 - 5.6 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): A nocturnal species that eats a variety of small invertebrates through the use of a sheet web in tree trunks, large branches and more secluded places.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider has been recorded once inside the Peneda-Ger\u00eas National Park and another time in Paredes de Coura, close (~1.5 km) to the Corno do Bico Regional Protected Landscape. Both of these areas are covered by the Natura 2000 network .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.MasodouroScientific name: Species authority: Bosmans & Cardoso, 2010AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 22Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Largely unknown as there is only one record for the species  in DouroMin Elevation/Depth (m): 690Max Elevation/Depth (m): 690Quercuspyrenaica (Willd.) forest (Range description: This spider is known from only one site in a ) forest . The speEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownQuercuspyrenaica forest on a slope over a small river.Habitat (narrative): This spider is known from only one site in a Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateSize: 1.1 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): A ground-dwelling species that is active during both night and day, actively hunting for a variety of small invertebrates.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The species true range might be completely or at least partially covered by the Douro Internacional Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range (if any).Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range (if any).ParapelecopsisconimbricensisScientific name: Species authority: Bosmans & Crespo, 2010AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 23Basis of EOO and AOO: NoneBasis (narrative): Largely unknown, as there are only three records for the species  in sitesMin Elevation/Depth (m): 10Max Elevation/Depth (m): 50Range description: This spider is known from only three sites : one in EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (3 records) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only three sites, one in a marsh and the other in a botanical garden next to a river and a spring.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 5.4. Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, PeatlandsHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.5. Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban AreasHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 5.4. Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, PeatlandsHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.5. Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban AreasSize: 1.7 - 1.8 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): A ground-dwelling species that produces no web and hunts actively, consuming a variety of small invertebrates.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider was collected in three sites, one of which was in the centre of the Paul de Arzila Natural Park, which in turn is located inside the Natura 2000 network .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range (if any).Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range (if any).TrichoncussimilipesScientific name: Species authority: Denis, 1965AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LinyphiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 24Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Largely unknown, as there are only two records for the species  in northMin Elevation/Depth (m): 100Max Elevation/Depth (m): 660Range description: This spider is known from only two sites in Braga and Porto, north-western Portugal . Its truEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (2 records) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: Data available (2 record) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownQuercusrobur, Quercuspyrenaica, amongst other native vegetation).Habitat (narrative): One of the records  is from Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateSize: 1.7 - 2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): An active hunter that builds no web and eats a variety of small invertebrates.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider was collected in two sites, one of which, Mata da Albergaria, is located in the Peneda-Ger\u00eaz National Park and covered by the Natura 2000 network .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range (if any).Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range (if any).ApostenuscrespoiScientific name: Species authority: Lissner, 2017AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: LiocranidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 25Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Largely unknown, as there is only one record for the species , in a maMin Elevation/Depth (m): 195Max Elevation/Depth (m): 195Range description: This spider is known from only one site in a maquis in a limestone region . Its truEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only one site in a maquis in a limestone region.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby VegetationHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby VegetationSize: 3.32 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): A ground-level active hunter that constructs no web and hides under stones and litter during the day.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Although the species' true range is unknown, its single record is currently inside the Arr\u00e1bida Natural Park. Additionally, this spider's record is located in an area covered by the Natura 2000 network (PTCON0010).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.NemesiabacelaraeScientific name: Species authority: Decae, Cardoso & Selden, 2007Common names: Buraqueira-de-bacelarAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: NemesiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 26Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (17 records) mostly recent and in a variety of different habitats . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1656Range description: This spider has been frequently recorded in northern and central Portugal . The speEOO (km2): 56871 - 69882Trend: StableJustification for trend: Despite the present threats to some of its subpopulations, the wide geographical and habitat range of this spider makes it plausible that the trend is mostly stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: Despite the present threats to some of its subpopulations, the wide geographical and habitat range of this spider makes it plausible that the trend is mostly stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 26468 - 48928Number of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The number of threats needed to completely cover the species range is unknown but, in any case, larger than 10.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: Despite the present threats to some of its subpopulations, the wide geographical and habitat range of this spider makes it plausible that the trend is mostly stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: Despite the present threats to some of its subpopulations, the wide geographical and habitat range of this spider makes it plausible that the trend is mostly stable.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoCytisus and Genista), forests (Quercus spp.) and plantations , most often in clay or compacted soil.Habitat (narrative): Highly diverse. This spider has been found in marshes, grasslands, shrublands : 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Males appear to be nocturnal. A ground-dwelling species that builds vertical burrows with a trapdoor entry and eats a variety of small invertebrates (mainly beetles).Justification for threats: Several subpopulations in central Portugal (mostly in the Coimbra region) are threatened by urban development and have either been eradicated or severely depleted. Unsurpassable obstacles and lack of safe corridors present a challenge to male dispersal in urban and peri-urban populations, which have often been found dead or dying trying to overcome human infrastructures .Threat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areasThreat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areasJustification for conservation actions: This spider has been recorded in several protected areas across its distribution, from its south-westernmost tip at the Arr\u00e1bida Natural Park to its north-easternmost tip at the Douro International Natural Park. Due to its widespread nature, it is no doubt present in numerous areas protected by the Natura 2000 network.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.NemesiaberlandiScientific name: Species authority: Frade & Bacelar, 1931AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: NemesiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 27Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): There is only one old published record for the species  attributMin Elevation/Depth (m): 400Max Elevation/Depth (m): 400Range description: This spider is known from only one site  and the EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Few records and a lack of population data are not enough to estimate the species range or extinction risk trend. However, habitat loss in the area due to agriculture, urban infrastructure development and wildfires indicates the species is likely declining.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Few records and a lack of population data are not enough to estimate the species range or extinction risk trend. However, habitat loss in the area due to agriculture, urban infrastructure development and wildfires indicates the species is likely declining.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Until further information on this spider's distribution is recorded, the number of locations is unknown.Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Habitat loss in the area due to agriculture, urban infrastructure development and wildfires indicates the species is likely declining.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Few records and a lack of populational data are not enough to estimate the species extinction risk. However, habitat loss in the area due to agriculture, urban infrastructure development and wildfires indicates the species is likely declining.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The data available are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations. However, habitat loss in the area due to agriculture, urban infrastructure development and wildfires indicates the species is likely declining.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This spider was originally found in an unspecified habitat, but horizontal burrows (a distinct burrow not present in other Iberian species) were found in leaf litter on the verge of local forests.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Habitat loss in the area due to agriculture, urban infrastructure development and wildfires indicates the species habitat is likely declining in area and quality.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateSize: 22 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): A ground-dwelling species that builds vertical burrows with a trapdoor entry and eats a variety of small invertebrates (mainly beetles).Justification for threats: Habitat loss in the area due to agriculture, urban infrastructure development and wildfires indicates the species is likely declining.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas2.1. Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops7.1.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensityThreat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas2.1. Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops7.1.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensityJustification for conservation actions: This spider has not been recorded in areas inside or adjacent to protected areas. More records are needed in order to confirm or disprove this for the species' true range.Conservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.NemesiafageiScientific name: Species authority: Frade & Bacelar, 1931Common names: Buraqueira-de-fageAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: NemesiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 28Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (12 records), mostly recent . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 532Range description: This spider has been recorded almost exclusively in the Algarve, being recorded only once in the nearby region of southern Alentejo . The speEOO (km2): 17013 - 20967Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Several subpopulations have been eradicated by urban development and many more are often disturbed or depleted by trampling, mostly in touristic areas, to access the coast line. Severe wildfires have recently devastated known occurrence regions, affecting a considerable number of subpopulations. A few subpopulations have been eradicated in the past due to habitat destruction caused by eucalyptus plantations, but this threat appears to have been halted in recent years.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Several subpopulations have been eradicated by urban development and many more are often disturbed or depleted by trampling, mostly in touristic areas, to access the coast line. Severe wildfires have recently devastated known occurrence regions, affecting a considerable number of subpopulations. A few subpopulations have been eradicated in the past due to habitat destruction caused by eucalyptus plantations, but this threat appears to have been halted in recent years.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 5028 - 7520Number of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The number of threats needed to completely cover the species range is unknown but, in any case, larger than 10.Trend: Decline (inferred)Extreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Several subpopulations have been erradicated by urban development and many more are often disturbed or depleted by trampling, mostly in touristic areas, to access the coast line. Severe wildfires have recently devastated known occurrence regions, affecting a considerable number of subpopulations. A few subpopulations have been eradicated in the past due to habitat destruction caused by eucalyptus plantations, but this threat appears to have been halted in recent years.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Several subpopulations have been eradicated by urban development and many more are often disturbed or depleted by trampling, mostly in touristic areas, to access the coast line. Severe wildfires have recently devastated known occurrence regions, affecting a considerable number of subpopulations. A few subpopulations have been eradicated in the past due to habitat destruction caused by eucalyptus plantations, but this threat appears to have been halted in recent years.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoCystus sp.). Expert knowledge suggests that it is found in coastal areas , as well as mountainous regions of oak forest (Quercussuber) in the Algarve.Habitat (narrative): Habitat information was recorded only twice in bushlands Justification for trend: Several subpopulations have been eradicated by urban development and many more are often disturbed or depleted by trampling, mostly in touristic areas, to access the coast line. Severe wildfires have recently devastated known occurrence regions, affecting a considerable number of subpopulations. A few subpopulations have been eradicated in the past due to habitat destruction caused by eucalyptus plantations, but this threat appears to have been halted in recent years.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation6. Rocky areas 13.1. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore IslandsHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation6. Rocky areas 13.1. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Sea Cliffs and Rocky Offshore IslandsSize: 7 - 17.2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): A ground-dwelling, nocturnal spider that builds a tube web and eats a variety of small invertebrates (mainly beetles).Justification for threats: Several subpopulations have been eradicated by urban development and many more are often disturbed or depleted by trampling, mostly in touristic areas, to access the coast line. Severe wildfires have recently devastated known occurrence regions, affecting a considerable number of subpopulations. A few subpopulations have been eradicated in the past due to habitat destruction caused by eucalyptus plantations, but this threat appears to have been halted in recent years.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas7.1.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensityThreat type: PastThreats: 2.2.1. Agriculture & aquaculture - Wood & pulp plantations - Small-holder plantations2.2.2. Agriculture & aquaculture - Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantationsThreat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas7.1.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensityThreat type: PastThreats: 2.2.1. Agriculture & aquaculture - Wood & pulp plantations - Small-holder plantations2.2.2. Agriculture & aquaculture - Wood & pulp plantations - Agro-industry plantationsJustification for conservation actions: This spider has been recorded inside the Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina Natural Park, as well as close to the Sapal de Castro Marim e Vila Real de Santo Ant\u00f3nio Natural Reserve, where it is predicted to occur.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.DomitiuslusitanicusScientific name: Species authority: Fage, 1931AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: NesticiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 29Basis of EOO and AOO: ObservedBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (22 records), mostly recent and all of them in caves . Due to Min Elevation/Depth (m): 100Max Elevation/Depth (m): 440Range description: This spider has been recorded in central Portugal, exclusively inhabiting caves belonging to the Maci\u00e7o Calc\u00e1rio Estremenho (MCE), one of the largest limestone areas of the country.EOO (km2): 199936Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Local limestone quarries cover large areas and may be reducing available habitat.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Local limestone quarries cover large areas and may be reducing available habitat.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 88Number of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The number of threats needed to completely cover the species range is unknown but, in any case, larger than 10.Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Local limestone quarries cover large areas and may be reducing available habitat.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Local limestone quarries cover large areas and may be reducing available habitat.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Local limestone quarries cover large areas and may be reducing available habitat.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): This spider is a troglobiont species of highly restricted habitat, found exclusively in caves of the Maci\u00e7o Calc\u00e1rio Estremenho (MCE).Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesSize: 2.9 - 3.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): This spider belongs to a recently described genus that seems to be constituted entirely by troglobiont species. Its eyes are absent and it captures small invertebrates with a space web positioned on cave walls and often inside crevices.Justification for threats: Local limestone quarries cover large areas and may be reducing available habitat.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 3.2. Energy production & mining - Mining & quarryingThreat type: OngoingThreats: 3.2. Energy production & mining - Mining & quarryingJustification for conservation actions: The majority of the caves, in which this spider occurs, are currently located inside the Serra de Aire e Candeeiros Natural Park, as well as the Natura 2000 network (PTCON0015).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.PseudomogrusalgarvensisScientific name: Species authority: Logunov & Marusik, 2003AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: SalticidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 30Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): There is only one record for the species , attribuMin Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 0Range description: This spider is known from only one site in Monte Gordo, Algarve, Southern Portugal . The truEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only one site in dunes and it is impossible to know if it is exclusive to it, using available data.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesSize: 4 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Diurnal active hunters that reside in both ground and vegetation levels. They eat a variety of small invertebrates and construct no web.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: It is unknown exactly where this spider was collected but it is fair to assume that its true range might be partially or completely covered by the Natura 2000 network (PTZPE0047 and PTCON0018). It might also be totally or partially covered by the Sapal de Castro Marim e Vila Real de Santo Ant\u00f3nio Natural Reserve.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.AriadnainopsScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 2011AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: SegestriidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 31Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): There is only one record for the species . The truMin Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 0Range description: This spider is known from only one site, located on a beach on a peninsula near Manta Rota, Faro .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only one site, located on a beach.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesSize: 5.0 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): If similar to congeners, a ground tube-web builder that is active during both night and day.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: It is unknown exactly where this spider was collected, but it is fair to assume that its true range might be completely or at least partially covered by the Natura 2000 network (PTZPE0017 and PTCON0013). It might also be totally or partially covered by the Ria Formosa Natural Park.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.LasaeolaalgarvensisScientific name: Species authority: Wunderlich, 2011AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 32Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): There is only one record for the species  near a bMin Elevation/Depth (m): 20Max Elevation/Depth (m): 20Range description: This spider is known from only one site located next to a beach in Aljezur, Algarve, Southern Portugal .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only one site located next to a beach. The habitat of the site itself, where the specimen was found, is not specified, but it is assumed based on its location to be sand dunes.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesSize: 1.3 - 1.5 mGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoLasaeolaarmona, but more records could also reveal a preference for sandy pine groves. Could possess a capture web like Lasaeolaarmona or construct no web like Lasaeolaconvexa. Period of activity is unknown. Unknown if euryphagous or stenophagous.Ecology and traits (narrative): If similar to congeners with close distribution, it inhabits dry places. Could limit itself to low vegetation in the dunes like Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: It is unknown exactly where this spider was collected, but it is fair to assume that its true range might be completely or at least partially covered by the Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina Natural Park. It might also be totally or partially covered by the Natura 2000 network (PTZPE0015 and PTCON0012).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.TheridionbernardiScientific name: Species authority: Lecigne, 2017AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 33Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): There is only one record for the species . The truMin Elevation/Depth (m): 17Max Elevation/Depth (m): 23Range description: This spider is known from only one site of unspecified habitat, at the village of Olhos de \u00c1gua, Algarve, Southern Portugal .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only one site: a hotel complex next to shrubland in the village of Olhos de \u00c1gua. The holotype was collected by beating bushes in the shrubland immediately adjacent to the hotel complex where the paratype was found, standing on a wall.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation14.5. Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban AreasHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation14.5. Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban AreasSize: 2.82 - 3.47 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): In general, species of this genus build tridimensional webs to capture their prey.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider has not been recorded in areas inside or adjacent to protected areas. More records are needed in order to confirm or disprove this for the species' true range.Conservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.AmphiledorusungoliantaeScientific name: Species authority: Pek\u00e1r & Cardoso, 2005Common names: Aranha-de-tolkienAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ZodariidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 34Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): There is only one record for the species  from theMin Elevation/Depth (m): 170Max Elevation/Depth (m): 170Cystus sp. close to the small village of Corte da Velha, in the Vale of Guadiana Natural Park, south-eastern Portugal : UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownCystus sp.Habitat (narrative): This spider is only known from a scrubland dominated by Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby VegetationHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby VegetationSize: 7.8 - 8.71 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownAmphiledorus has been recently described so not much information is available. However, a single species, Amphiledorushistrionicus  was once part of genus Selamia, members of which are described as hiding during the day in sand-covered silken retreats that serve at the same time as both hiding corners and capturing devices, with prey being ambushed from underneath the retreat (Ecology and traits (narrative): The genus  retreat .Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The only known locality for this spider is inside the Vale do Guadiana Natural Park and its true range might be partially or completely covered by the Natura 2000 network (PTZPE0047 and PTCON0036).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.ZodarionalentejanumScientific name: Species authority: Pek\u00e1r & Carvalho, 2011AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ZodariidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 35Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): There is only one record for the species . The truMin Elevation/Depth (m): 10Max Elevation/Depth (m): 10Range description: This spider is known from only one site, in sand dunes  in southEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This spider is known from only one site in sand dunes.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesSize: 3.3 - 4.1 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): An ant-eating species that produces no web and uses specialised predator behaviour and mimicry in order to capture its prey.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Although the species' true range is unknown, it was recorded once in the Lagoas de Santo Andr\u00e9 Natural Reserve, an area covered by the Natura 2000 network .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.ZodarionalgarvenseScientific name: Species authority: Bosmans, 1994AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ZodariidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 36Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): There are only three collection sites recorded for this species (3 records), mostly recent and always in sand dunes . The truMin Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 376Range description: This spider is known from only three sites in southern Portugal, always in sand dunes .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (3 sites) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The sand dunes, in which this species has been found, are delicate habitats that are threatened by habitat loss and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The sand dunes, in which this species has been found, are delicate habitats that are threatened by habitat loss and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): This spider has been found so far exclusively on sand dunes. All records are associated with sand dune habitats except for the record from the Algarve which, while possessing no habitat information, is located on a coastal area.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The sand dunes, in which this species has been found, are delicate habitats that are threatened by habitat loss and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesSize: 2.4 - 3.6 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): An ant-eating species that produces no web and uses specialised predator behaviour and mimicry in order to capture its prey.Justification for threats: The sand dunes, in which this species is found, are delicate habitats that are threatened by habitat loss and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas1.2. Residential & commercial development - Commercial & industrial areas1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas11.4. Climate change & severe weather - Storms & floodingThreat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas1.2. Residential & commercial development - Commercial & industrial areas1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas11.4. Climate change & severe weather - Storms & floodingJustification for conservation actions: This spider has two of its records inside the Lagoas de Santo Andr\u00e9 e Sancha Natural Park and the areas, in which it has currently been recorded, are inside the Natura 2000 network . Additionally, all beaches in Portugal are governed by the European Water Framework Directive (directive 2000/60/EC) enacted through land-use plans that conserve and defend coastal ecosystems (decree-law N\u00ba 130/2012).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.ZodarionbacelaraeScientific name: Species authority: Pek\u00e1r, 2003AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ZodariidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 37Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): There is only one record for the species . The truMin Elevation/Depth (m): 400Max Elevation/Depth (m): 400Range description: This spider is known from only one site of unspecified habitat in the Torre de Moncorvo municipality, north-eastern Portugal.EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Habitat is unknown. This spider has been recorded only once in an area of unspecified habitat.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 4.6Generation length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): An ant-eating species that produces no web and uses specialised predator behaviour and mimicry in order to capture its prey.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider has not been recorded in areas inside or adjacent to protected areas, but it is close to the Douro International Natural Park. More records are needed in order to confirm or disprove this for the species' true range.Conservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.ZodarionbosmansiScientific name: Species authority: Pek\u00e1r & Cardoso, 2005AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ZodariidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 38Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites (5 records) are recorded for this species, mostly recent, but with scarce habitat information . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 353Range description: This spider has been recorded in central and southern Portugal. The species distribution modelling predicts that this species could be widespread throughout the region and could be present in Spain along its southern border with Portugal.EOO (km2): 24484 - 37597Trend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 10812 - 19692Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoQuercusilex and Cystus sp.Habitat (narrative): Habitat information has only been recorded twice for this spider, highlighting woods or grasslands, dominated by Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate4.4. Grassland - TemperateHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate4.4. Grassland - TemperateSize: 4.08 - 4.84 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): An ant-eating species that produces no web and uses specialised predator behaviour and mimicry in order to capture its prey.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider has been recorded twice inside the Vale do Guadiana Natural Park, an area covered by the Natura 2000 network . Species distribution modelling predicts that it could be present in more protected areas.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.ZodarioncostaprataeScientific name: Species authority: Pek\u00e1r, 2011AnimaliaKingdom: ChelicerataPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ZodariidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 39Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (6 records), mostly recent and in three distinct habitats . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 567Range description: This spider has been recorded in north and central Portugal along the coast. Species distribution modelling predicts that this species could cover the entirety of Portugal's north and central coast, from Lisbon to Viana do Castelo.EOO (km2): 22300 - 27556Trend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 9932 - 13396Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This spider has been recorded in three distinct habitats: pinewood forests, sand dunes and marshes.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate5.4. Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate5.4. Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, Peatlands13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesSize: 2.2 - 3.7 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): An ant-eating species that produces no web and uses specialised predator behaviour and mimicry in order to capture its prey.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider has been recorded inside the Paul de Arzila Natural Reserve and the Serras de Aire e Candeeiros Natural Park, both areas covered by the Natura 2000 network . It could be present in numerous other protected areas.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.ZodariondurienseScientific name: Species authority: Cardoso, 2003AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ZodariidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 40Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (11 records), mostly recent and in a variety of habitats . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 50Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2000Range description: This spider has been recorded several times throughout northern Portugal, most of which were in the northeast. The species distribution modelling predicts that the species could occupy areas closer to the coast, as well as to be present in north-western Spain.EOO (km2): 69440 - 79270Trend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 45920 - 55088Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: There are no currently known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableCauses ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Trend: StableJustification for trend: There are no currently known threats to the species.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoCystus sp., Cytisus sp. or Genista sp.), forests (Quercus spp.) and plantations .Habitat (narrative): This spider has been found in a variety of habitats including olive groves, shrublands : 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): An ant-eating species that produces no web and uses specialised predator behaviour and mimicry in order to capture its prey.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: This spider has been recorded in areas located inside the Serra da Estrela Natural Park and the Douro Internacional Natural Park. These areas are in turn currently covered by the Natura 2000 network . The species could, however, be more widespread and occupy other protected areas in Portugal and Spain.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.ZodarionguadianenseScientific name: Species authority: Cardoso, 2003AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ZodariidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 41Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown, as there is only one record for the species  in Vale Min Elevation/Depth (m): 120Max Elevation/Depth (m): 120Cistus sp. in south-eastern Portugal.Range description: This spider is known from only one scrubland site, dominated by EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of locations.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: Data available (1 record) are not enough to estimate the number of subpopulations.Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownCystus sp.).Habitat (narrative): This spider has currently been recorded only once in a shrubland : 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): An ant-eating species that produces no web and uses specialised predator behaviour and mimicry in order to capture its prey.Justification for threats: The existence of threats is unknown for this species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The only locality, where this spider was collected, is in the Vale do Guadiana Natural Park and covered by the Natura 2000 network (PTZPE0047 and PTCON0036).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Research is needed on basic information such as distribution, ecology, life cycle and possible threats throughout the range.ZodarionviduumScientific name: Species authority: Denis, 1937AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ZodariidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: PortugalMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 42Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Multiple collection sites are recorded for this species (15 records), mostly recent and in sand dunes . It was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 36Range description: This spider is a common species in sand dunes in the coasts of central and northern Portugal. The species distribution modelling suggests that it could be widespread in dune areas from Porto to Leiria regions.EOO (km2): 1023 - 1700Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The sand dunes, in which this species has been found, are delicate habitats that are threatened by habitat loss and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The sand dunes in which this species has been found, are delicate habitats that are threatened by habitat loss and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 496 - 720Number of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: The number of threats needed to completely cover the species range is unknown but, in any case, larger than 10.Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The sand dunes, in which this species has been found, are delicate habitats that are threatened by habitat loss and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Extreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The sand dunes, in which this species has been found, are delicate habitats that are threatened by habitat loss and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitatCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates of population size exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The sand dunes, in which this species has been found, are delicate habitats that are threatened by habitat loss and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Exclusive to coastal sand dunes in various Portuguese provinces.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: The sand dunes, in which this species has been found, are delicate habitats that are threatened by habitat loss and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 13.3. Marine Coastal/Supratidal - Coastal Sand DunesSize: 2.5 - 3.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): An ant-eating species that produces no web and uses specialised predator behaviour and mimicry in order to capture its prey.Justification for threats: The sand dunes, in which this species has been found, are delicate habitats that are threatened by habitat loss and possible increase in number of extreme weather events due to climate change.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas1.2. Residential & commercial development - Commercial & industrial areas1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas11.4. Climate change & severe weather - Storms & floodingThreat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas1.2. Residential & commercial development - Commercial & industrial areas1.3. Residential & commercial development - Tourism & recreation areas11.4. Climate change & severe weather - Storms & floodingJustification for conservation actions: This spider is found in beaches across north and central Portugal, being recorded once in the Dunas de S\u00e3o Jacinto Natural Reserve along an area also covered by the Natura 2000 network . Additionally, all beaches in Portugal are governed by the European Water Framework Directive (directive 2000/60/EC), being protected by means of land-use plans that preserve coastal ecosystems (decree-law N\u00ba 130/2012).Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring of population and habitat are important to confirm inferred trends.Zodariidae , Dysderidae , Linyphiidae , Gnaphosidae , Agelenidae, Leptonetidae and Nemesiidae  . The remaining six fulfilled at least one of the criteria for threatened species. Four species are troglobiont, whose distribution was assumed to be well known and therefore assessed using the known occurrence points: Anapistulaataecina, Domitiuslusitanicus, Harpacteastalitoides, Teloleptonetasynthetica. As expected from species with such life history, all of them fulfil the EOO and AOO thresholds for threatened species. The remaining 25 Portuguese endemics (59.5%) had no reliable information on their range , sand dunes (12 species), shrublands (10) and caves (6) host the majority of species . Often poorly managed plantations may not only be exacerbating the occurrence of wildfires . The Serras de Aire e Candeeiros Natural Park has the largest number of records within it (31), followed by Douro Internacional Natural Park (16), Vale do Guadiana Natural Park (12), Sudoeste Alentejano e Costa Vicentina Natural Park (11) and Arr\u00e1bida Natural Park (10). Of all species considered here, 29 (69.0%) possess at least one record in an area belonging to the National Protected Area Network (RNAP). Although this might seem encouraging and somehow indicating that protected areas are well located, most of these numbers might be due to the fact that these specific protected areas in Portugal were relatively well sampled during the recent decades .Presence in the Natura 2000 network is also common. The (PTCON0015) Serras de Aire e Candeeiros site has the most records (29), followed by (PTZPE0047) Vale do Guadiana (12), the (PTCON0012/PTZPE0015) Costa Sudoeste and (PTCON0010) Arr\u00e1bida / Espichel (10) sites, (PTCON0061/PTZPE0004) Ria de Aveiro (8) and the (PTCON0049) Barrocal and (PTCON0048) Serra de Montejunto (7) sites. Out of 234 records, 169 are located inside areas of the Natura 2000 network (72.2%). Of all species considered in this study, 31 (73.8%) possess at least one record in an area belonging to the Natura 2000 network.Macrothelecalpeianaand should be assessed as Least Concern, given its wide range and high adaptability to different habitat types.Finally, regarding conservation measures needed to protect endemic spider species, site/area protection and/or resource & habitat protection were invariably found to be most important. This is especially critical since no spider endemic to mainland Portugal is protected by law, national or international and hence their protection has never been considered in conservation plans and only when they coincide with protected areas or other protected species, is it possible to somehow safeguard them. As mentioned previously, the only spider protected in the country is not endemic, Discussion95378C4B-9B25-5F6E-B8BE-BF34469728E210.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl1Supplementary material 1Eratigenabarrientosi Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_312917.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/312917Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.C41709B8-1482-513B-B5A1-365638B55FB610.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl2Supplementary material 2Eratigenaincognita Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277476.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277476Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.7228EA7B-083A-5EB2-8BF3-85F3A2DED4A510.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl3Supplementary material 3Malthonicaoceanica Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277482.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277482Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.D91F7B67-1488-56A1-8A4B-92230220474410.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl4Supplementary material 4Dysderaalentejana Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277790.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277790Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.538E9CCB-E572-591F-A5E5-6DFF3459125910.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl5Supplementary material 5Harpacteaalgarvensis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277792.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277792Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.005AA85B-47F8-5B77-B7A9-3FAA90F8082310.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl6Supplementary material 6Harpacteamagnibulbi Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_312913.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/312913Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.51561791-9448-5931-915A-782636037BFB10.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl7Supplementary material 7Harpacteaproxima Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278248.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278248Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.06E982F5-AACC-532C-916D-97C84A4A7E1A10.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl8Supplementary material 8Harpacteastalitoides Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277868.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277868Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.213D6113-5870-519B-A4FA-D374E1711B4010.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl9Supplementary material 9Harpacteasubiasi Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277869.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277869Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.A87412AE-1309-55E1-9646-CA278C659E7810.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl10Supplementary material 10Adoneaalgarvensis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277876.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277876Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.40068570-7A2C-5AA9-ADEB-B7D28B8EDF2B10.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl11Supplementary material 11Filistatapygmaea Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277896.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277896Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.8E2999AB-8C37-54BC-B847-F18482233BE410.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl12Supplementary material 12Scotophaeusdolanskyi Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277900.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277900Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.5573F367-4E91-5FCC-B8D3-AEAED36E166A10.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl13Supplementary material 13Scotophaeusnanoides Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_309143.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/309143Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.8ECBC6E8-F3CE-501F-842E-055A5D86481B10.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl14Supplementary material 14Trachyzelotesminutus Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277903.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277903Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.36393888-7BD7-5A2E-90EC-D847B097C81F10.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl15Supplementary material 15Zelotesfuzeta Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277906.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277906Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.AC955E84-DB47-5457-B101-421564ED692210.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl16Supplementary material 16Macrothelecalpeiana Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_302701.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/302701Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.A3AB268E-A9FC-57AF-BC84-EC1F6895E5B410.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl17Supplementary material 17Leptonetaberlandi Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277910.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277910Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.8E415503-D7D2-5B5F-AEEE-A1E8AE084ED210.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl18Supplementary material 18Leptonetaconimbricensis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277913.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277913Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.963CBBE0-F13E-51D1-BAAD-7B25FFBA732D10.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl19Supplementary material 19Teloleptonetasynthetica Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277951.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277951Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.BB96B9E3-475A-52FA-B492-B72A3D9A96F310.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl20Supplementary material 20Bordeaberlandi Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277952.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277952Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.67011C81-6D2E-535C-81BB-58384A335FD410.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl21Supplementary material 21Labullamachadoi Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_277963.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/277963Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.788D9087-9A06-5033-BA8F-DF1E534C081A10.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl22Supplementary material 22Masodouro Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278007.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278007Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.15D39E5B-C5F9-5379-95CA-B2B272A1C92910.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl23Supplementary material 23Parapelecopsisconimbricensis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278013.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278013Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.CB268B1A-06E1-50B0-AA8A-AD4FCFB5B6EF10.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl24Supplementary material 24Trichoncussimilipes Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278016.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278016Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.71E33B44-4AC9-5971-BD72-1AE856F5D6C710.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl25Supplementary material 25Apostenuscrespoi Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278020.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278020Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.6E59FD14-D291-552B-9815-322F0A6B8E4010.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl26Supplementary material 26Nemesiabacelarae Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278025.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278025Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.9B20C386-41BF-5D73-8CDA-C175F2C0818C10.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl27Supplementary material 27Nemesiaberlandi Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278041.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278041Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.BD8D3B01-8434-565C-A7CE-601B24CF3AD610.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl28Supplementary material 28Nemesiafagei Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278042.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278042Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.FBB78BFC-468D-549A-ADD7-2BA68352AC8510.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl29Supplementary material 29Domitiuslusitanicus Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278059.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278059Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.6BF12287-0835-5F2F-B406-08BD585D318810.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl30Supplementary material 30Pseudomogrusalgarvensis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278171.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278171Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.1F87D13D-4A1D-5BBD-AC9E-6D8EE00485C110.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl31Supplementary material 31Ariadnainops Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278174.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278174Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.E0C818ED-1DBD-5075-ABAC-B21BC21F3CC210.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl32Supplementary material 32Lasaeolaalgarvensis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278175.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278175Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.DAD68BFE-01EF-5229-804A-A2A921E5EE4410.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl33Supplementary material 33Theridionbernardi Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278189.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278189Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.75CB3362-032F-5C2B-BD25-6A4043D12C1210.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl34Supplementary material 34Amphiledorusungoliantae Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278193.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278193Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.4FE47533-EFE9-59F9-9DF7-F27A20D14A6110.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl35Supplementary material 35Zodarionalentejanum Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_325177.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/325177Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.44697375-3E45-5388-A11C-09910A1C64E710.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl36Supplementary material 36Zodarionalgarvense Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_325176.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/325176Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.1F96B941-125D-5491-AA0D-45B269A5B3C810.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl37Supplementary material 37Zodarionbacelarae Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278201.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278201Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.FE9D553F-8B35-5FC7-81C0-EE96E00F4A4E10.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl38Supplementary material 38Zodarionbosmansi Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278211.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278211Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.66B0CB66-F5CF-590A-B144-167CAF3CFC0910.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl39Supplementary material 39Zodarioncostapratae Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278222.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278222Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.2589ED5E-A3D1-589D-AEA0-F8279ADB921610.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl40Supplementary material 40Zodarionduriense Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278226.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278226Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.DED644EB-CC5F-5013-9B64-619B9FCC023310.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl41Supplementary material 41Zodarionguadianense Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_278228.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/278228Branco, V.; Cardoso, P.4D3F82C5-DB42-5F38-976A-D5CDD9A9F35510.3897/BDJ.7.e39315.suppl42Supplementary material 42Zodarionviduum Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_325307.kmlhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/325307Branco, V.; Cardoso, P."}
{"text": "The Publisher would like to draw the reader's attention to the errors inthe following article.J DiabetesInvestig 2018; 9: 657\u2013697.Haneda M, Noda M, Origasa H, Noto H, Yabe D, Fujita Y, Goto A, Kondo T,Araki E. Japanese Clinical Practice Guideline for Diabetes 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13340-018-0345-3. Also, ethics policy shouldhave been stated as follows.On page 657, the DOI mentioned in the footnote as a jointly publishedarticle in Diabetology International should have been Ethics policy: The article does not contain any studies with human oranimal subjects performed by any of the authors.Disclosure should have been stated as follows.MH received honoraria for lectures for Astellas Pharma Inc., Taisho ToyamaPharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Boehringer IngelheimJapan, Inc., Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., OnoPharmaceutical Co., Ltd., MSD K.K., Novartis Pharma K.K., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., andSanofi K.K. and scholarship grants from Astellas Pharma Inc., Daiichi\u2010Sankyo Co., Ltd.,MSD K.K., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., TaishoToyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Elli\u2010Lilly Japan K.K.,Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Inc., Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd., Kowa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Johnson& Johnson K.K., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.MN received honoraria for lectures for MSD K.K. and scholarship grants from MitsubishiTanabe Pharma Corporation, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., MSD K.K., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd.,Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd.,Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, and Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd. HNreceived honoraria for lectures for Elli Lilly Japan K.K. DY received honoraria forlectures for Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Inc. and researchgrants from Terumo Corporation and scholarship grants from Taisho Toyama PharmaceuticalCo., Ltd., MSD K.K., Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., Arklay Inc.,and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. EA received honoraria for lectures for MSD K.K., OnoPharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Novo Nordisk Inc. and scholarship grants fromAstellas Pharma Inc., Novo Nordisk Inc., Pfizer Japan Inc, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.,Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., and Sanofi K.K. HO, YF, AG, and TK declare noconflict of interest.The Publisher apologizes for these errors and any confusion they may havecaused."}
{"text": "SC users were also more likely to be agitated (OR: 2.26) and aggressive (OR: 2.04) and have psychotic symptoms (OR: 3.03) compared with MJ users. SC users received more PRN medication (p<0.001) and had longer lengths of stay (p=0.001). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Results demonstrate that current SC users had a different demographic profile compared with current MJ users. Our results also support our previous findings: SC using patients were more likely to be agitated and aggressive and were more likely to demonstrate positive psychotic symptoms.OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Synthetic cannabinoids (SC) are widely available and are associated with acute psychosis. Our recent study indicated that SC using psychiatric inpatients admitted in 2014 had more psychotic symptoms, aggression, and agitation compared with cannabis [marijuana (MJ)] using patients. The current study will review more charts and will characterize the demographics and presentations of current SC Versus MJ using patients. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A chart review was conducted of patients admitted to a New York City inpatient dual diagnosis psychiatric unit from 2014 to 2016. Inclusion criteria were self-reported current SC use or MJ use, or urine toxicology (+) for MJ. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In total, 585 charts met inclusion criteria, 168 reported current SC use . SC using patients were younger ("}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Pinto KA, Griep RH, Rotenberg L, Almeida MdCC, Barreto RS, Aquino EML (2018) Gender, time use and overweight and obesity in adults: Results of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). PLoS ONE 13(3): e0194190."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Laura Reques Sastre. The correct citation is: Norris SL, Sawin VI, Ferri M, Reques Sastre L, Porgo TV (2018) An evaluation of emergency guidelines issued by the World Health Organization in response to four infectious disease outbreaks. PLoS ONE 13(5): e0198125."}
{"text": "Etiology is unknown in approximately one-quarter of stroke patients after evaluation, which is termed cryptogenic stroke (CS). The prognosis of CS patients is largely undetermined. We created a novel index from transcranial Doppler parameters including mean flow velocity (MV) and pulsatility index (PI) and investigated whether the calculation of asymmetry in the novel parameter can predict functional outcomes in CS patients.We made the middle cerebral artery (MCA) index (%) as a novel parameter, which was calculated as 100 X (MCA MV + MCA PI X 10) / (MCA MV\u2013MCA PI X 10). The MCA asymmetry index (%) was also calculated as 100 X (|Rt MCA index\u2013Lt MCA index|) / (Rt MCA index + Lt MCA index) / 2. Poor functional outcomes were defined as modified Rankin Scale score (mRS) \u22653 at 3 months after stroke onset.A total of 377 CS patients were included. Among them, 52 (13.8%) patients had a poor outcome. The overall MCA asymmetry index was two-fold higher in CS patients with a poor outcome (10.26%) compared to those with a good outcome . In multivariable analysis, the overall MCA asymmetry index  and the cutoff value of the overall MCA asymmetry index >9 were associated with poor outcomes at 3 months .We demonstrated that the novel asymmetric MCA index can predict short-term functional outcomes in CS patients. Etiology is unknown in approximately 20% to 25% of stroke patients despite extensive evaluation, which is termed cryptogenic stroke (CS). The occurrence of CS is more frequent in young stroke patients than in older patients. To be classified as CS, neither significant cerebral artery stenosis nor cardioembolic sources was found . SeveralTranscranial Doppler (TCD) can evaluate basal cerebral arteries with hemodynamic information, including mean flow velocity (MV) and pulsatility index (PI). Abnormal hemodynamics and cerebral artery stenosis can also be non-invasively identified using TCD. TCD parameters are influenced and changed by various factors, including infarct size and asymmetric lesions , 5. TherPrevious studies demonstrated that unilateral TCD parameters can predict prognosis in patients with large artery atherosclerosis or small artery disease , 7. HoweWe reviewed prospectively collected data from the Yonsei Stroke Registry. From January 2007 to June 2013, a consecutive 3738 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack within 7 d were admitted and registered in a prospective stroke registry , or a number (%);The MCA indices (%) are calculated as 100 X (MCA MV + MCA PI X 10) / (MCA MV\u2013MCA PI X 10); The mean MCA index is calculated as  / 2; The MCA asymmetry index was calculated as 100 X (|Affected MCA index\u2013Unaffected MCA index |) / (Affected MCA index + Unaffected MCA index) / 2; mRS, modified Rankin Scale score; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; DWI, Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging; TCD, transcranial Doppler; Rt, right; Lt, left; MCA, middle cerebral artery; MV, mean flow velocity; PI, pulsatility index.(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S4 TableThe Multiple infarct lesion is defined as \u22652 infarct origins on DWI; TCD, transcranial Doppler; DWI, Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S5 TableData were derived from logistic regression analysis; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Rt, right; Lt, left; MCA, middle cerebral artery; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. * adjusted for sex, age, NIHSS score at admission, hemoglobin, ESR, D-dimer, and Time from admission to TCD.(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S6 TableData were derived from logistic regression analysis; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; DWI, Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging; MCA, middle cerebral artery; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. * adjusted for sex, age, NIHSS score at admission, hemoglobin, ESR, D-dimer, Time from admission to TCD, and DWI infarct volume.(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S7 Table(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S1 FigAUC, area under the curve; MCA, middle cerebral artery.(DOCX)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Following publication of the original article , the autOriginally published citation:The original publication has been corrected. The incorrect and correct table citations as well as background information are presented below.www.neurology.org. Adapted with permission\u00a9 2018 Tassorelli C, Grazzi L, de Tommaso M, Pierangeli G, Martelletti P, Rainero I, Dorlas S, Geppetti P, Ambrosini A, Sarchielli P, Liebler E, Barbanti P, PRESTO Study Group (2018) Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation as acute therapy for migraine: the randomized PRESTO study . Neurology: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005857. DB Double-blind, NA Not applicable, nVNS Non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation, SD Standard deviationAbbreviations: aNo. of days the patient typically takes acute migraine medication per month. bPatients with no reported baseline severity were excluded from this analysisCorrected citation:Original Background paragraph:\u00a9 2018 Tassorelli C, Grazzi L, de Tommaso M, et al. Noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation as acute therapy for migraine: the randomized PRESTO study. Neurology. 2018;91(4):e364-e373. Adapted with permissionCorrected Background paragraph:Opioids should be discouraged for the acute treatment of migraine due to significant safety concerns and lack of documented but remain frequently used in the emergency department setting, which significantly increases healthcare costsefficacy but remain frequently used in the emergency department setting, which significantly increases healthcare costsOpioids should be discouraged for the acute treatment of migraine due to significant safety concerns and lack of documented"}
{"text": "BMJ Open 2019;9:e024079. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024079Li L, Pinto Pereira SM, Power C. Childhood maltreatment and biomarkers for cardiometabolic disease in mid-adulthood in a prospective British birth cohort: associations and potential explanations This article was previously published with an error.The correct copyright information is as follows:"}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The Acknowledgments information has been updated. The proper Acknowledgments section is shown below:This work was supported in part by NCI 5T32CA009599, CPRIT RP 150535, the Sheikh Khalifa Al Nahyan Ben Zayed Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, NCI U01 CA180964, NCATS grant UL1 TR000371 , the Nellie B. Connally Breast Cancer Research Endowment, and the MD Anderson Cancer Center Support Grant (CCSG) (P30 CA016672) and the CCSG supported Sequencing and Microarray Facility (SMF).41806-41814 . https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16018Original article: Oncotarget. 2017; 8:41806\u201341814."}
{"text": "Dietary habits and obesity indices in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease: a comparative crosssectional study. BMC Gastroenterol 2017;17:132."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Lavin Venegas C, Nkangu MN, Duffy MC, Fergusson DA, Spilg EG (2019) Interventions to improve resilience in physicians who have completed training: A systematic review. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0210512."}
{"text": "Walking on a narrow path challenges attention and balance control but its neural correlates are unknown. We assessed the association between gray matter microstructural integrity and gait speed along a 6 m long and 20 cm wide path in participants from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study . Micro-structural integrity was measured by mean diffusivity (MD) in gray matter computed from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI); higher MD indicates lower integrity. We conducted general linear models to assess this association with gray matter microstructural integrity of regions of interest : middle frontal gyrus; caudate; putamen; anterior, middle, and posterior cingulate; hippocampus; precentral gyrus; and supplementary motor area. We adjusted for total brain atrophy, usual pace gait speed, age, sex, race, and education. The average narrow-path gait speed was 0.97 m/s (standard deviation: 0.21). Average usual pace gait speed was 1.1 m/s (standard deviation: 0.21). After adjusting for covariates, we identified significant negative associations between narrow-path gait speed and gray matter MD of left posterior cingulate, left and right hippocampus, and left precentral gyrus (p<0.05). Narrow-path gait speed is associated with lower microstructural integrity in gray matter related to network connectivity (posterior cingulate), spatial cognition (hippocampus), and motor function ."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Md Asri Ngadi. The correct citation is: Ayub Q, Ngadi MA, Rashid S, Habib HA (2018) Priority Queue Based Reactive Buffer Management Policy for Delay Tolerant Network under City Based Environments. PLoS ONE 13(2): e0191580. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Julie Loewenstein. The correct citation is: Breen NE, Loewenstein J, Metivier R, Andrade L, Rhyne AL (2018) Can excreted thiocyanate be used to detect cyanide exposure in live reef fish? PLoS ONE 13(5): e0196841."}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The correct author contribution information is given below:1,*, Xiaohua Wen2,*, Wei Wei1, Yulong Chen1, Jianquan Zhu1 and Changli Wang1Xiaoliang Zhao1 Department of Lung Cancer Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Tianjin, Tianjin, P.R. China2 Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China* Xiaoliang Zhao and Xiaohua Wen contributed equally to this work46491-46497. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.14822Original article: Oncotarget. 2017; 8:"}
{"text": "Correction to: Health Res Policy and Syst (2018) 16:124https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-018-0398-6It was highlighted that the original article  containeIncorrect statement:The rural areas of Ahmedabad have one district hospital, six community health offices and 36 primary health centres .Correct statement:The rural areas of Ahmedabad have one district hospital, six community health offices and 36 primary health centres ."}
{"text": "Conostigmus talamasi Mik\u00f3 and Trietsch, sp. nov. from Baltic amber represents an intermediate form between the type genus, Megaspilus, and one of the most species-rich megaspilid genera, Conostigmus. We describe the new species using 3D data collected with synchrotron-based micro-CT equipment. This non-invasive technique allows for quick data collection in unusually high resolution, revealing morphological traits that are otherwise obscured by the amber. In describing this new species, we revise the diagnostic characters for Ceraphronoidea and discuss possible reasons why minute wasps with a pterostigma are often misidentified as ceraphronoids. Based on the lack of ceraphronoid characteristics, we remove Dendrocerus dubitatusincertae sedis. We also provide some guidance for their future classification.Ceraphronoids are some of the most commonly collected hymenopterans, yet they remain rare in the fossil record.  Ceraphronoidea is a hymenopteran lineage with an enigmatic phylogenetic position and poorly understood natural history. Their minute body size and parasitoid lifestyle, along with a few antennal and fore wing characters, suggest a close relationship with Proctotrupomorpha\u00a0. A myriaIn Ceraphronoidea, the pronotum, mesopectus, metapectus, first abdominal tergum, and the metanotum comprise a single, compact sclerite . This moThe ventral position of the antennal insertion sites (toruli) is a well-known characteristic of Ceraphronoidea  and it iIn Ceraphronoidea, the pronotum and the mesoscutum have a unique, ball-and-socket type articulation that corresponds to sharp anterolateral edges on both the mesoscutum and pronotum  Mik\u00f3 & . The notAll winged Ceraphronoidea have a stigmal vein that originates from the pterostigma or from the distal portion of the marginal vein posterior to the costal notch . Along wGestalt) and the presence of a bifurcated anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapectal complex  who bought them from commercial source at Amberif in Gdansk. Specimens are embedded in Polyester resin   and are Morphological traits were observed and described using volume and surface rendered 3D models . MeasureSynchrotron X-ray tomography was performed at the UFO imaging station of the KIT light source. In order to achieve high image resolution despite the comparatively large size of the specimen, the latter was scanned in three steps. For each scan, 3,000 equiangularly-spaced radiographic projections were acquired in a range of 180\u00b0. The frame rate was set to 70 frames per second, resulting in a scan duration of about 43\u00a0s. A parallel polychromatic X-ray beam was spectrally filtered by 0.2 mm Al to obtain a peak at about 15 keV. The detector consisted of a thin, plan-parallel lutetium aluminum garnet single crystal scintillator doped with cerium (LuAG:Ce), optically coupled via a Nikon Nikkor 85/1.4 photo-lens to a pco.dimax camera with a pixel matrix of 2008 \u00d7\u00a02008 pixels. The magnification of the optical system was adjusted to 10\u00d7, yielding an effective X-ray pixel size of 1.22\u00a0\u00b5m . Tomograhttps://biomedisa.de/) (3D reconstruction followed the protocol described by isa.de/) . CINEMA Brightfield images of fossil specimens were taken with an Olympus BX43 compound microscope equipped with an Olympus DP73 digital camera. Image stacking was performed with Zerene Stacker . Extended focus images were annotated and modified with Adobe Photoshop 6  using the Adjust/Filter/Unsharp mask and Image/Adjustments/Exposure (Gamma correction) tools.http://purl.org/NET/mx-database). Terminology of the phenotype statements used in descriptions, are mapped to the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology , Phenotypic Quality Ontology , Biospatial Ontology  and Common Anatomy Reference Ontology . Wing venation terminology follows Taxonomic treatment including natural language (NL) phenotype representations were compiled in mx (http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-manchester-syntax/) were generated in Prot\u00e9g\u00e9 5.0.0-beta-16 (http://protege.stanford.edu/) following http://www.w3.org/TR/owl2-overview/; accessed February 4, 2014) representation of the full data set is stored as a single Resource Description Framework (RDF)-XML file  in the Github repository (https://github.com/hymao/hymao-data).Natural language phenotype representations are in \u201cEntity attribute: value\u201d format. Semantic statements written in OWL Manchester syntax  will represent a published work according to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), and hence the new names contained in the electronic version are effectively published under that Code from the electronic edition alone. This published work and the nomenclatural acts it contains have been registered in ZooBank, the online registration system for the ICZN. The ZooBank LSIDs (Life Science Identifiers) can be resolved and the associated information viewed through any standard web browser by appending the LSID to the prefix Conostigmus based on the presence of a distinct sternaulus  shorter than the combined length of F2 and F3 are traits that are present in Conostigmus and absent from Megaspilus.The new species belongs in lus ste: , a shortlus ste: , 5B, 5C lus ste: , 5A\u20135C. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B9777D1A-78D0-48B2-90F7-511DE4830EA95Conostigmus species in the presence of a bifurcated anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex  Female: 1.861, 2.011. Dorsal carina of occipital depression count: present. Dorsal carina of occipital depression medial continuity: discontinuous medially. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. Median flange of occipital carina count: absent. Submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. Dorsal margin of occipital carina vs. dorsal margin of lateral ocellus in lateral view: occipital carina is ventral to lateral ocellus in lateral view. Preoccipital lunula count: present. Preoccipital ridge count: present. Preoccipital furrow count: present. Preoccipital furrow anterior extension: adjacent anteriorly to the posterior margin of the median ocellus. Preoccipital furrow anterior region vs posterior region sculpture: posterior region crenulate, anterior region smooth or finely reticulate. Preoccipital furrow anterior region width vs. posterior region width: as wide anteriorly as posteriorly. Preoccipital carina count: present. Preoccipital carina shape: interrupted dorsally and represented by irregular, not continuous carinae. Preoccipital carina and occipital carina structure: occipital carina complete, preoccipital carina fused laterally with preorbital carina. Female OOL: POL: LOL: 1.1:1.2:1,1.2:1.7:1. Postocellar carina count: absent. Preocellar pit count: present. Randomly sized areolae around setal pits on upper face count: absent. Antennal scrobe count: absent. Transverse striation on upper face count: present. Transverse scutes on upper face count: absent. Transverse frontal carina count: absent. Frontal ledge count: absent. Rugose region on upper face count: present. Anterior ocellar fovea shape: fovea not extended ventrally into facial sulcus. Facial pit count: facial pit present. White, thick setae on upper face count: absent. Ventromedian setiferous patch and ventrolateral setiferous patch count: absent. Supraclypeal depression count: absent. Intertorular carina count: present. Median process on intertorular carina count: present, extending from intertorular carina towards dorsal margin of clypeus. Median process of intertorular carina structure: process extends across intertorulal area to dorsal margin of clypeus. Intertorular ridge vs. epistomal ridge: fused medially. Intertorular area count: present. Median region of intertorular area shape: convex. Torulus position relative to anterior ocellus and distal margin of clypeus: torulus not reaching epistomal sulcus, closer to distal margin of clypeus than anterior ocellus. Torulo-clypeal carina count: absent. Subtorular carina count: absent. Subantennal groove count: absent. Posterolateral process of gena count: absent. Ocular impression and post ocular orbital carina count: present. Ocular impression sculpture: scalloped . Mandibular tooth count: two. Mandibular lancea count: absent. Maxillary palpomeres count: five to six.Antennae: Flagellar scrobe of the scape count: present. F1 length vs F2+F3 length: F1 shorter than F2+F3. F1 length / F2 length: 1.59, 1.55. F6 length / F7 length+F8 length: 0.59, 0.47. Scape length / F1 length+F2 length: 2.1, 2.25. Scape length / F2 length: 5.4, 5.74. Female scape length vs. pedicel length: 3.8,4.2. Female F1 length vs. pedicel length: F1 as long as pedicel (1.0\u20131.1). Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 longer than F7+8.Mesosoma: Foveolate sculpture on body count: absent. Mesosoma shape: not compressed laterally, as wide as high or wider than high. Pronope count: present. Transverse pronotal sulcus  count: present. Epomial carina count:absent. Posterodorsal branch of pronotal Y count: present. Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Annullar pronotum count: present. Ventromedian region of pronotum and anteroventral region of mesopectus continuity: pronotum and mesopectus continuous ventromedially. Lateroventral invagination of the propleuron count: absent. Mesonotal fossa of the pronotum and pronotal condyle of the mesonotum count: present. Mesonotum anterolateral margin shape: square. Median mesoscutal sulcus count: present. Median mesoscutal sulcus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Scutoscutellar sulcus vs. transscutal articulation location: adjacent. Notaulus count: present. Notaulus posterior end location: adjacent to transscutal articulation. Posterior end of notaulus vs. posterior end of antero-admedian line location: notaulus extends more posteriorly than antero-admedian line. Transscutal articulation completeness: complete. Lateral carina on the mesoscutellum count: absent. Axillular carina count: present. Axillular carina shape: left and right carina continuous posteromedially forming a U-shape carina on the mesoscutellar axillar complex. Axillular setae count: absent. Posterolateral margin of mesoscutellum shape: blunt. Posteromedian process of the mesoscutellum count: absent. Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: present. Anteromedian projection of the metathorax-propodeum complex shape: bilobed. Anteromedian projection of the metathorax-propodeum complex curvature lateral in view: straight. Sternaulus count: present. Sternaulus length: elongate, exceeding 3/4 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus. Longitudinal striae extending from crenulae of anterior mesopleural sulcus to mesopleural pit count: absent. Speculum ventral limit: not extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Mesometapleural sulcus count: present. Ventral invagination of mesometapleural sulcus presence: absent. Epicnemial carina count: complete. Epicnemial pit count: absent. Epicnemium posterior margin shape: anterior discrimenal pit present; epicnemial carina curved. Mesodiscrimen count: present. Anterior metapleural carina count: absent. Metapleural carina count: present. Metapleural carina vs. propodeal spiracle: metapleural carina extending ventrally of propodeal spiracle. Ventral projection of the metapleural carina count: present. Ventral invagination of the metapleural carina count: absent. Propodeal spiracle dilator muscle apodeme pit location: On metapleural carina. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Lateral propodeal carina shape: inverted \u201cU\u201d . Median propodeal carina count: absent. Posterior propodeal projection count: present. Posterior propodeal projection shape: simple. Propodeal and metacoxal verricules count: absent. Posterodorsal metapleural area shape: trapezoid. Posterior line of the posterodorsal metapectal area count: present. Transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum vs. antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Carina limiting posteriorly antecosta count: present. Metapecto-propodeal conjunctiva count: present. Posterior margin of nucha in dorsal view shape: straight.Wings: Stigmal vein of fore wing count: present. Pterostigma of fore wing count: present. Hind wing reduction: well developed.Legs: Calcar shape: bifid. Mesotibial spur count: two. Mesobasicoxa width vs. metabasicoxa width: metabasicoxa distinctly wider than mesobasicoxa. Posterior mesosomal comb count: absent.Metasoma: S1 length vs. shortest width: S1 wider than long. Transverse carina of petiole count: present. Transverse carina on petiole shape: straight. Basal, longitudinal carinae on syntergum count: more than five. Transverse sulcus of first metasomal sternum count (S1 count): present. Waterston\u2019s evaporatorium count: absent.Gulf of Gda\u0144sk The new species is named after Elijah Talamas (Florida State Collection of Arthropods), who drew our attention to these unique fossils.Conostigmus is polyphyletic and includes Megaspilus. Until Dessart\u2019s revisions , well-defined sternaulus, distinct posterior orbital carina and/or some rugulose sculpture on the frons. Megaspilus to include only those species that have an acute ocellar triangle, sternaulus, bifurcated anteromedian projection, and elongate female first flagellomere. The ocellar triangule shape and presence of the sternaulus are shared with numerous Conostigmus species, leaving the bifurcated anteromedian projection and the elongate female proximal flagellomeres as diagnostic features for Megaspilus.Based on the latest phylogenetic analysis , and preevisions ; 1981 ofMegaspilus is clearly derived from the elevated and medially-projected lateral propodeal carinae. This bifurcated condition can be found in certain Ceraphron and Dendrocerus . For reasons that remain unclear Another prospective ceraphronoid fossil, ocotidus , was desocotidus  pg. 129:Stigmaphronidae show polymorphisms both in the number of protibial spurs and in wing venation characters. In some species, the two anterior fore wing veins are not adjacent to each other, the stigmal vein is either broken or arched or straight, and it arises anterior or in the middle of the pterostigma. The wing venation, however, never truly exhibits the characteristics of Ceraphronoidea. None of the stigmaphronid species shares any characteristics with recent ceraphronoids, except that some specimens have two protibial spurs. The presence of the two protibial spurs , 3B has Rhamnura and BathyaulaxThe protibial spurs are particularly important in Hymenoptera systematics, as the anterior spur has evolved into an antenna cleaning device. This trait is an important synapomorphy for Hymenoptera . The posincertae sedis.It is difficult for us to provide any guidance on how to reclassify stigmaphronids as, given the great polymorphism in tibial spurs, wing venation, and metasomal morphology , this taMicrostaphron is visible in dorsal view and extends posteriorly, while the mesonotum is reduced. Similar modifications can be found in some Ecnomothorax (Megaspilinae), Ecitonetes (Ceraphronidae), and Lagynodes (Lagynodinae) species, but the enlarged pronotum and reduced mesonotum always corresponds to the reduction or absence of wings  that are regulated by the C. talamasi, comprise a monophyletic group that can be clearly defined using numerous apomorphic traits (and absence of a wasp waist, tarsal plantulae, and cenchri, and either a compact or unabridged mesosoma, i.e., traits that are characteristic of other, well defined superfamilies. Ceraphronoidea has clearly been treated as a waste bin for minute fossil taxa with a pterostigma. Based on the characteristics of those fossils we remove these taxa from Ceraphronoidea.Recent and fossil Ceraphronidae and Megaspilidae, including c traits . The incc traits  within C10.7717/peerj.5174/supp-1Table S1Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.5174/supp-2Figure S1incertae sedis (R, Radiophronidae; S, Stigmaphronidae; M, Megapilidae; Ce, Ceraphronidae; references cited on the Figure: Names above the timeline are now considered as Ceraphronoidea, while names below are taxa removed from Ceraphronoidea and considered as Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.5174/supp-3Figure S2incertae sedis.This species is considered now as Click here for additional data file.10.7717/peerj.5174/supp-4File S1Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "The hepatitis C virus (HCV) has affected an estimate of 80 million individuals worldwide and is a strain of public health. Around 25\u201330% of patients in Europe and the US infected with HIV are coinfected with HCV. Despite treatment modalities containing a NS3/4A protease inhibitor in combination with pegylated interferon and ribavirin prior to 2013 improved SVR rates, the amount of severe side effects was high. Nowadays, oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) combination therapy offers excellent treatment efficacy, safety and tolerability. This review focuses on current literature and clinical evidence and their impact regarding NS3/4A protease inhibitors. In addition, pitfalls in treatment from HIV- and HBV-coinfected patients will also be discussed. In the era of DAA treatment, the third-generation pan-genotypic NS3/4A protease inhibitors  show a high antiviral activity and genetic resistance barrier with cure rates of over 95% when combined with an NS5A inhibitor, irrespectively of baseline resistance associated variants (RASs) being present. These new key components of DAA combination therapy are impressive options to eradicate HCV in the so called difficult-to-treat population .  Approximately 80 million individuals worldwide are estimated to have a chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection . With arHCV belongs to the Flaviviridae family and is a small 55 nm virus with a lipid envelope and a single-stranded RNA viral genome with around 9,600 nucleotides , 16]. T. T16]. Tin vitro SMV activity , , . B. Bin vitvailable . Even though high SVR12 rates (~97%) were across all treatment arms for treatment-na\u00efve and -experienced patients, commonly with genotype 1 and 4 infection, in phase 2 and phase 3 trials , 51], , , 53], , , 55], t, t55], tin vitro and is potent against the common NS3 variants  and NS5A variants  . P. Pin vit and 93) . These f and 93) .in vitro activity against HCV genotypes 1\u20136 and an improved resistance profile against frequently genotype 1 NS3 RASs compared to other NS3/4A protease inhibitors, respectively . D. D70]. Dectively . The undectively . In summatients 9 vs. 97%,ectively . To dateEven though the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) coinfection varies, there are populations at high risk for acquiring both infections due to common routes of transmission. The prevalence of HBV/HCV coinfection in two US Veterans Administration cohorts was 42\u201367% . Lately,Due to high antiviral activity and high genetic resistance barrier NS3/4A protease inhibitors are an important element of HCV treatment. In combination with DAAs of one or two other classes they can stop different stages of viral life cycle and therefore they can achieve SVR rates above 95% . ProteasHowever, guidelines recommend genotype testing prior to HCV treatment initiation , 72], t, t72], tSumming up, the new third generation NS3/4A protease inhibitors in combination with other DAAs can be a substantial step in the eradication of HCV in the so called difficult-to-treat population . Anyway, a real decrease of HCV infections in global population demands available HCV testing in low-income countries, access to health care and treatment. All together we should ensure that these lifesaving treatments become accessible to all those who need them. 3D: ritonavir-boosted paritaprevir, plus ombitasvir and dasabuvirASV: asunaprevircART: combined antiretroviral therapyBOC: boceprevirDAA: direct-acting antiviralDCV: daclatasvirDSV: dasabuvirEBR: elbasvirGLE: glecaprevirHBV: hepatitis B virusHCV: hepatitis C virusHCC: hepatocellular carcinomaIFN: interferonLDV: ledipasvirNDA: new drug applicationNNRTI: non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitorOBV: ombitasvirPIB: pibrentrasvirPTV: paritaprevirr: ritonavirRAS: resistance associated substitutionsRBV: ribavirinSMV: simeprevirSOF: sofosbuvirSVR: sustained virological responseTVR: telaprevirVEL: velpatasvirVOX: voxilaprevirde Leuw P, M.D., Specialist for Internal Medicine & Infect. DiseasesConsultancies/speaker\u2019s bureau/travel support for Bristol-Myers Squibb GmbH & Co. KGaA, Gilead Sciences GmbH, GlaxoSmithKline GmbH & Co.KG, Hexal AG, MSD Sharp & Dohme GmbH, Janssen-Cilag GmbHStephan C, M.D., Professor for Internal Medicine & Infect. Diseases ConsultantReceipt of grants/research supports: MSDReceipt of honoraria or consultation fees (any): AbbVie, MSD, ViiV, BMS, Gilead, Janssen, Astellas, StadaReceipt of travel grants within last 2 years: Janssen, Gilead Sciences, BMS"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Canto SVE, Ara\u00fajo MAL, Miranda AE, Cardoso ARP, Almeida RLF. (2019) Fetal and infant mortality of congenital syphilis reported to the Health Information System. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0209906."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Bateman JE, Ngiam WXQ, Birney DP (2018) Relational encoding of objects in working memory: Change detection performance is better for violations in group relations. PLoS ONE 13(9): e0203848."}
{"text": "AbstractLeptogenys species groups based on the worker morphology from the Oriental region Leptogenyschinensis forms a complex species group with closely related species having little morphological changes L.chinensis group. The group is diagnosed by having edentate masticatory margin of the mandible, smooth body surface, elongate antennae and metallic green cuticle. The species included are: L.assamensis; L.chinensis; L.confucii; L.kraepelini; L.laeviterga; L.pangui; L.peuqueti; L.stenocheilos and L.sunzii.There are no well defined Leptogenysbhartii sp. n., a new ponerine ant species from Western Himalayas, India, is described and illustrated based on the worker caste. The new species belongs to the Leptogenyschinensis group and mostly resembles Leptogenyschinensis . In the L.chinensis group, the original description of L.stenocheilos is insufficient as it lacks information about type material. As there is no further detailing of this species in the available literature, it is difficult to ascertain its valid status species inquirenda herewith. A revised key to the known species of chinensis-group in the Oriental Region is provided. Leptogenys Roger, 1861 is globally represented by 335 described species and subspecies  follows All specimens are deposited in Kashmir University Insect Collection, University of Kashmir, Srinagar (KUIC). One paratype will be deposited at Punjabi University Ant Collection, Punjab, India (PUAC) and one at California Academy of Sciences Collection, San Francisco, USA (CASC).Wachkoo, Maqbool, Akbar & Sharaf, 2018sp. n.urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F871707-8D7E-4D18-85D3-6EADFCF3C8CBType status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aijaz A Wachkoo; individualCount: 1; sex: worker; Location: country: India; stateProvince: Jammu & Kashmir; locality: Rajouri District, Thanamandi; verbatimElevation: 1600 m; verbatimCoordinates: 33.5379\u00b0N 74.3698\u00b0E; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 08/11/2016; Record Level: institutionCode: KUICType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Aijaz A Wachkoo; individualCount: 4; sex: worker; Location: country: India; stateProvince: Jammu & Kashmir; locality: Rajouri District, Thanamandi; verbatimElevation: 1600 m; verbatimCoordinates: 33.5379\u00b0N 74.3698\u00b0E; Event: samplingProtocol: hand collecting; eventDate: 08/11/2016; Record Level: institutionCode: KUICWorker Fig. Morphometric data (Holotype in brackets): HL (1.79)-1.81, HW (0.92)-0.94, ML (0.91)-0.92, EL (0.45)-0.46, SL (2.22)-2.24, PW (1.06)-1.09, WL (3.22)-3.26, PL (1.13)-1.15, PDW (0.56)-0.58, PH (0.85)-0.87. Indices: CI (51)-52, MI 97-(98), OI (48)-49, SI 238-(241), LPI (75)-76, DPI (50)-51 (n=5).Head trapezoidal in full-face view, lateral cephalic margin convex, posterior margin transverse; head distinctly wider anteriorly, converging posteriorly; eye large, weakly convex, placed just below the mid cephalic margin and within lateral margin; clypeus carinate with truncate apex, rugulose basally and smooth apically; anterolateral clypeal margin evenly converging medially, bending at rounded angle, with two median setae; scape surpasses posterior margin of head by about one-half its length; third antennal segment slightly more than 2\u00d7 the length of second segment and about one-third longer than fourth segment; frontal groove deep, just extending to middle of eye level; mandible elongate, slender, external and basal margins parallel; basal tooth noticeable; basal sulcus distinct; masticatory margin edentate.Mesosoma with promesonotal dorsal margin convex in lateral view; deeply impressed metanotal groove; metanotal and propodeal dorsal margin weakly convex, declivitous margin oblique; declivitous and dorsal propodeal margins meet through blunt obtuse angle in lateral view; mesometapleural suture well impressed with cross ribs; metapleural-propodeal suture barely impressed; propodeal spiracle oval, facing posterad; brief sulcus extends from spiracle to bulla. Mesonotum distinctly wider than long in dorsal view, propodeal declivitous face concave.Petiole trapezoidal in lateral view, anterodorsal margin convex, node highest posterad with bluntly rounded apex, posterior margin leaning, with strong convexity basad; node triangular in dorsal view, much longer than broad, lateral margin weakly concave, anterior margin convex, posterior margin concave; subpetiolar process trapezoidal, angled posteriorly in lateral view. Gaster cylindrical, curved posteriorly, dorsal convex; cinctus between gastral segments prominent.Body polished smooth and shiny with green metallic lustre, covered with sparse piligerous punctulae. Clypeus weakly rugulose posterolaterally; mandible shiny, punctate with superficial striation.Body with abundant suberect hairs, denser on gaster, no appressed pubescence; pilosity mixed with short and long hairs.Colour black for body, appendages brownish.L.assamensis Forel, 1900, L.chinensis , L.confucii Forel, 1912, L.kraepelini Forel, 1905, L.laeviterga Zhou, Chen, Chen, Zhou, Ban & Huang, 2012, L.pangui Xu, 2000, L.peuqueti  and L.sunzii Xu & He, 2015). Amongst the known species of the group, the new species resembles L.chinensis, but can be readily separated by the smooth medially converging anterolateral clypeal margins; propodeal declivity smooth and shiny, without transverse striations. Relatively narrower petiolar node in dorsal view, about twice as long as broad. Whilst in the latter, the anterior clypeal margin is distinctly laterally sinusoid; propodeal declivity transversely striate, not smooth and relatively broader petiolar node in dorsal view, about 1.3 times as long as broad. It also resembles L.kraepelini from which it can be distinguished by the following characters: gena smooth and shiny, without longitudinal rugae and third antennal segment slightly more than 2\u00d7 the length of second segment whilst in the latter, gena are longitudinally rugulose and opaque and third antennal segment distinctly less than 2\u00d7 the length of second segment.The group is represented by eight valid species from the Oriental region (This species is named in honour of Dr. Himender Bharti for his outstanding contribution to the Indian ants.Pinusroxburghii) forests, broad-leaved deciduous forests, broadleaved evergreen forests and scrub forests, interspersed with frequent grassland patches and agricultural croplands.The specimens of this species were handpicked by dislodging a stone in a pine forest area from Thanamandi region of Rajouri district, located on the southerly foothills of the Pir Panjal Himalaya in the Indian State of Jammu and Kashmir. The region represents a transition zone between the subtropical Jammu and the temperate Kashmir provinces. The climate is broadly subtropical, although the foothill areas along the Pir Panjal range show dry temperate conditions, while subalpine and alpine conditions prevail higher up in the mountains. The vegetation mainly consists of Chir-pine ("}
{"text": "There are growing concerns on the varying pattern of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) presentation across the world. We report some of the unusual presentations of PCa at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, South-Western Nigeria. A review of all patients with histologically confirmed PCa who had unusual presentations between January 2014 and December 2015 was done. Unusual presentation was defined as an atypical feature in the absence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), with the diagnosis of PCa only suspected after abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) and/or elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) assay. Thirteen patients had an unusual presentation in OAUTHC during the study period. Five (38.5%) had left supraclavicular swellings while four (30.8%) had haematochyzia and tenesmus. Other unusual presentations include large bowel obstruction requiring emergency colostomy  and a scalp mass . All patients had appropriate treatment for stage of PCa and are being followed up in the out-patient clinic. The change in presentations of PCa may suggest the need for DRE and serum PSA assay among all middle-aged and elderly men presenting at health facilities. Large scale studies on PCa across different population groups may also help at identifying related clinical, demographic and epidemiological factors as well as possible validation of some of these unusual presentations. Prostate cancer (PCa) is a global health burden , 2. It iData of men referred to the Urology Unit between January 2014 and December 2015 who presented with extra-urinary tract features without lower urinary tract symptoms, suspected to have cancer of the prostate from abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) findings and/or elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) were reviewed. The information obtained was analysed for age, presenting features, DRE findings, PSA levels, biopsy results, treatment and treatment outcome.Thirteen patients had unusual PCa presentation in OAUTHC during the study period. Prostatic adenocarcinoma was the histopathological finding in all (100%) these patients . Five 3 of whichSupraclavicular masses (5 patients): age: 59, 62, 63, 67, 68 years, mean 63.8yrs; PSA: 62, 978, 22, 25, 7.9 ng/mL respectively. Mean 218ng/ml; DRE: abnormal in all; prostate biopsy: infiltrating adenocarcinoma (Gleason 5-8); Treatment: - excision of lesion + BTO (on + BTO .Hematochezia and tenesmus (3 patients): age: 56, 58, 60 years; mean 58yrs; PSA: 20, 12, 4.42ng/mL respectively. Mean 18.21ng/ml DRE: abnormal; prostate biopsy: infiltrating adenocarcinoma (Gleason 8- 10); treatment: blood transfusion, BTO : age: 69 years; PSA: 44ng/mL; DRE: abnormal; prostate biopsy: infiltrating adenocarcinoma (Gleason 7); treatment: BTO (ent: BTO .Large bowel obstruction (2 patient): age: 81 years; PSA: 45 ng/mL; DRE: abnormal; prostate biopsy: infiltrating adenocarcinoma ; treatment: colostomy + BTO (my + BTO .Unexplained anemia (1 patient): age: 79 years; PSA: 7.9ng/mL; DRE: abnormal; prostate biopsy: infiltrating adenocarcinoma (Gleason 6); treatment: blood transfusion, BTO.Large retroperitoneal mass (1 patient): age: 79 years; PSA: 130mg/ml; DRE: abnormal; prostate biopsy: infiltrating adenocarcimona (Gleason 9); treatment: BTO . Involvement of the bowel in prostate cancer is rare and presents a diagnostic challenge , 9. The  outcome . Five of outcome . Biopsie [et al. . The pat [et al. .PCa masquerades in many ways and unusual manifestations of PCa should be considered in clinical situations where conventional treatment does not lead to the expected outcome. DRE and PSA should be done in such situations to exclude PCa.Prostate cancer has a high disease burden especially in black men and majority of the patients present in advanced disease stage;Locally advanced and metastatic PCa can manifest in many bizzare ways, hence a high index of suspicion is required to diagnose this conditions;Patients who present with features of advanced disease are only amenable to palliative care by Androgen ablation therapy.This study showcases the various unusual presentation of PCa in our facility;It is aimed to educate colleagues these bizzare forms of presentation in order to identify the m early and commence treatment.The authors declare no competing interests."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Birhane Alem Berihu. The correct citation is: Belay E, Endrias A, Berihu BA, Endris K (2018) Hematological responses to iron-folate supplementation and its determinants in pregnant women attending antenatal cares in Mekelle City, Ethiopia. PLoS ONE 13(10): e0204791."}
{"text": "OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: To identify cardiac structural and function parameters, obtained on usual stroke-care TTE evaluation, associated with cardioembolic stroke (CE) in patients without AF. Hypothesis\u2014left atrial (LA) size and valve dysfunction will be strongly associated with incident CE. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Inclusion criteria: July 1, 2013 to July 1, 2015 admission with imaging-confirmed ischemic stroke, no AF, TTE within 1st 7 days. TTE structure/function parameters were recorded. Stroke subtype (CE vs. other) defined using TOAST criteria, blinded to TTE. New AF definition: AF on ECG, telemetry or event monitor. CE/New AF outcome of interest in separate multivariable logistic regression models testing associations with TTE parameters (adjusting for demographics/vascular risk factors). RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Participants (n=332) were ~60 years hypertensive black males with moderate NIHSS and normal ejection fraction. In adjusted models, odds of CE increased with increasing LA systolic diameter (per 0.1 cm), mitral E point velocity(cm/s), mitral valve dysfunction, wall motion abnormality. New AF also associated with increasing LA systolic diameter. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These findings may suggest cardiac structural changes independent of AF that are on the CE causal pathway. Understanding the relationship between such TTE parameters and stroke subtype would impact clinical practice, as such TTE data is underutilized when considering stroke mechanism and management."}
{"text": "Scientific Reports 10.1038/s41598-018-22969-4, published online 16 March 2018Correction to: This Article contains errors in the following equations:In the Results section, under the subheading \u2018Detecting communities in the African road network\u2019, the equation:should read:In addition, under the same subheading, the equation:should read:Furthermore, Equation 1:should read:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Alex K.K. Cheung. The correct citation is: Choi HMC, Cheung AKK, Ng GYF, Cheing GLY (2018) Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on the tensile biomechanical properties of diabetic wounds at different phases of healing. PLoS ONE 13(1): e0191074. doi:"}
{"text": "The correct name is: Katharigatta Narayanaswamy Venugopala. The correct citation is: Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Aldhubaib BE, SreeHarsha N, Nair AB (2019) Development of UV spectrophotometry methods for concurrent quantification of amlodipine and celecoxib by manipulation of ratio spectra in pure and pharmaceutical formulation. PLoS ONE 14(9): e0222526."}
{"text": "AbstractNeocheiridium Beier, 1932 currently contains seven Neotropical (including Caribbean) and two Afrotropical species, with no Nearctic records.The genus Neocheiridium from South Carolina was discovered in the Ohio State University Acarology Collection and is described as Neocheiridiumgullahorum, n. sp. (based on specimens of both sexes). A key to known world species of Neocheiridium is proposed.An undescribed species of  Neocheiridium Beier, 1932 is the third largest genus in the family Cheiridiidae. The genus was first described by Max Beier in his monograph on the world pseudoscorpion fauna, with Cheiridiumcorticum Balzan, 1890 from Paraguay as type species  and amended the generic diagnosis  (pers. comm.).No North American to known . Altoget Island)  and therCheiridiidae may need revision  tergites visible from above, rallum with four blades, the distalmost of which is expanded, palp chelal fingers shorter than hand, movable finger with only one trichobothrium, femur and patella of legs fused with suture between them hardly visible and usually body and pedipalp setae curved and covered with cerotegument  is a low island near the South Carolina continental coast, with a humid subtropical climate (K\u00f6ppen classification Cfa), having humid, warm summers and cool and rainy winters. The island has very sandy soil that does not hold water well, drying quickly without percipitation. It is a densely populated area with little natural vegetation remaining.A new species of All specimens were extracted from a soil and debris sample using standard Tullgren funnels. The material was kept in 70% ethanol.Specimens were studied using a Leica S8AP0 dissecting microscope and a Leica DM6000B compound microscope. Line-drawings were prepared using a U-DA drawing tube attached to an Olympus CX31 compound microscope. The images were generated by combining stacks of images with different focal planes using software LAS V.4.5.0.One specimen  was cleared in 10% KOH and mounted on to a slide (in Hoyer's medium), the other specimens being studied in cavity slides in glycerol. The terminology used follows The following abbreviations are used for pedipalp trichobothria: t - terminal exterior on movable finger, et - exterior terminal on fixed finger, est - exterior subterminal on fixed finger, esb - exterior subbasal on fixed finger, eb - exterior basal on fixed finger, it - interior terminal on fixed finger, isb - interior subbasal on fixed finger, ib - interior basal on fixed finger.Sammetsp. n.B18A1CDB-7DF8-529A-B7E6-8C59680B6878urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:02840F97-D62A-404C-9724-6831E2D1C6F9Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: OSAL 0128942; recordedBy: Hans Klompen; sex: female; preparations: in ethanol; Location: higherGeography: USA, South Carolina, Beaufort Co.; island: Hilton Head Island; municipality: Sea Pines; verbatimLatitude: 32\u00b008'00\"N; verbatimLongitude: 80\u00b047'40\"W; decimalLatitude: 32.1332; decimalLongitude: -80.7945; Event: samplingProtocol: Tullgren funnel; year: 2004; month: 12; day: 29; habitat: litter and soil in hollow tree; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; institutionID: Ohio State University, Museum of Biological Diversity; institutionCode: OSU; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: OSAL 0128944; recordedBy: Hans Klompen; sex: male; preparations: in ethanol; Location: higherGeography: USA, South Carolina, Beaufort Co.; island: Hilton Head Island; municipality: Sea Pines; verbatimLatitude: 32\u00b008'00\"N; verbatimLongitude: 80\u00b047'40\"W; decimalLatitude: 32.1332; decimalLongitude: -80.7945; Event: samplingProtocol: Tullgren funnel; year: 2004; month: 12; day: 29; habitat: litter and soil in hollow tree; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; institutionID: Ohio State University, Museum of Biological Diversity; institutionCode: OSU; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: catalogNumber: IZBE0310757; recordedBy: Hans Klompen; sex: female; preparations: mounted to slide; Location: higherGeography: USA, South Carolina, Beaufort Co.; island: Hilton Head Island; locality: Sea Pines; verbatimLatitude: 32\u00b008'00\"N; verbatimLongitude: 80\u00b047'40\"W; decimalLatitude: 32.1332; decimalLongitude: -80.7945; Event: samplingProtocol: Tullgren funnel; year: 2004; month: 12; day: 29; habitat: litter and soil in hollow tree; Record Level: type: PhysicalObject; institutionID: Estonian University of Life Sciences, Entomological Collection; collectionCode: IZBE; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenDiagnosis: Neocheiridium species with sharp triangular teeth on the distal end of the palpal chela, becoming trapezoidal and gradually flatter towards the proximal end, metazonal depression open to posterior margin, 7 trichobothria on the fixed pedipalp finger and 1 on the movable finger. Palpal chelae length-width ratio with pedicel 2.4-2.6. Body length at least 1 mm, no more than 7 setae on the half-tergites, 4 teeth on the cheliceral fixed finger, female galea without apical branches, tubercles on tergites I-III similar to tubercles of other tergites, two pairs of setae between eyes and cucullus.Female (holotype and 1 paratype). Body length 1.12 (1.21) mm , femur 0.25  / 0.09 (0.1), patella 0.22 (0.23) / 0.11 (0.11) , coxa I with sparse tubercules, more concentrated on edges, bearing 4 setae, other leg coxae and palpal coxae more densely tuberculate Fig. Fig. 4C, Anterior genital operculum with two irregularly rectangular chitinised plates and medial subparallel lyrifissures, with 6-8 small setae, broadly fused to the next sternite. Posterior operculum with two elongate sclerotised plates bearing 3 setae and two parallel lyrifissures Fig. C.Male : with similar body proportions, but smaller body length (without chelicerae) ~1.1 mm, carapax 0.33 \u00d7 0.49 mm. Body surface sculpture similar to female. Half-tergites I with 2 setae, II - III 4 setae, IV-VII 7 setae, VIII 6 setae, IX 5 setae, X 4 setae. Palpal trochanter 0.08 \u00d7 0.09 mm, femur 0.29 \u00d7 0.09, patella 0.20 \u00d7 0.10, chela 0.34 \u00d7 0.14 (length with pedicel 0.37), fingers 0.16. Trichobothria in the same positions as for female, but isb a bit lower  and smaller size  , more slender palpal distal teeth and 4 teeth on the cheliceral fixed finger . Differences with N.triangulare include the lack af apical branches of the female galea, the lack of more strongly sclerotised rows of tubercles on tergites I-III, two pairs of setae between eyes and cucullus, the structure of female external genitalia and smaller number and shape of teeth on pedipalps.The new species seems to be related to lahorum) . It alsoNothing is known of the ecology of the new species. However, considering its small known range and habitat degradation in the type locality due to recent real estate development there, it may be a vulnerable or endangered species."}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The correct title for figure 5 is given below:Figure 5: Subgroup analysis of nuclear P207 LysRS according to Lymph nodes positivity. Disease free survival of wild-type EGFR patients with (positive) or without (negative) cytosolic (A) and nuclear (B) LysRS. Disease free survival of mutated EGFR patients with (positive) or without (negative) cytosolic (C) and nuclear (D) LysRS.65186-65198. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.18053Original article: Oncotarget. 2017; 8:"}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Lee SY, Bae HW, Kwon HJ, Seong GJ, Kim CY (2018) Utility of Goldmann applanation tonometry for monitoring intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients with a history of laser refractive surgery. PLoS ONE 13(2): e0192344."}
{"text": "The correct title is: Long-term fish assemblages of the Ohio River: Altered trophic abundances with hydrologic alterations and land use modifications. The correct citation is: Pyron M, Mims MC, Minder MM, Shields RC, Chodkowski N, Artz CC (2019) Long-term fish assemblages of the Ohio River: Altered trophic abundances with hydrologic alterations and land use modifications. PLoS ONE 14(4): e0211848."}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The correct author infonnation and affiliations are given below:2, Qinghai Yuan2 and Guanghong Xie1Qinghe Han1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China2 The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China42001-42006. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.16719Original article: Oncotarget. 2017; 8:"}
{"text": "In the manuscript \u201cImpact of the appendiceal position on the diagnosis and treatment ofpediatric appendicitis\u201d, DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/;2019;37;2;00012, published in the RevPaul Pediatr. In press 2019. Epub Mar 18, 2019:Where it reads:Indalecio Can NovilloIt should read:Indalecio Cano Novillo"}
{"text": "The publisher apologizes for the error.The first and fifth authors\u2019 initials appear incorrectly in the citation. The correct citation is: Wu VC, Kitano T, Nabeshima Y, Otani K, Chu PH, Takeuchi M (2019) Optimal threshold of three-dimensional echocardiographic fully automated software for quantification of left ventricular volumes and ejection fraction: Comparison with cardiac magnetic resonance disk-area summation method and feature tracking method. PLoS ONE 14(1): e0211154."}
{"text": "AbstractThe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species. One of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). For many taxa, mainly hyperdiverse groups, it is not possible within available resources to assess all known species. In such cases, a random sample of species might be selected for assessment and the results derived from it extrapolated for the entire group - the Sampled Red List Index (SRLI). The current contribution is the final in four papers that will constitute the baseline of a future spider SRLI encompassing 200 species distributed across the world.Scytodidae and Zoropsidae, which encompassed Scytodidae, Selenopidae, Sicariidae, Sparassidae, Tetrablemmidae, Tetragnathidae, Theraphosidae, Theridiidae, Theridiosomatidae, Thomisidae, Trochanteriidae, Zodariidae and Zoropsidae.A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the World Spider Catalogue, an updated global database containing all recognised species names for the group. The selected species were classified taxonomically at the family level and the familes were ordered alphabetically. In this publication, we present the conservation profiles of 50 species belonging to the families alphabetically arranged between  The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is the most widely used information source on the extinction risk of species . It is bOne of the uses of the Red List is to evaluate and monitor the state of biodiversity and a possible approach for this purpose is the Red List Index (RLI). The RLI helps to develop a better understanding of which taxa, regions or ecosystems are declining or improving their conservation status. It provides policy-makers, stakeholders, conservation practitioners and the general public with sound knowledge of biodiversity status and change and tools to make informed decisions. The RLI uses weight scores based on the Red List status of each of the assessed species. These scores range from 0 (Least Concern) to 5 (Extinct/Extinct in the Wild). Summing these scores across all species, relating them to the worst-case scenario - all species extinct and comparing two or more points in time, gives us an indication of how biodiversity is doing. At a global level, the RLI has been calculated for birds , mammalsOdonata are also in progress , of which the vast majority are from the Seychelles Islands or belong to the golden-orb weavers, Nephilidae. To these, a large number will be added in the near future, such as 55 species endemic to the Madeira and Selvagens archipelagos and 25 endemic to the Azores, all in Portugal (www.redlist.org).Spiders currently comprise over 47000 species described at the global level . Of thesPortugal  that conScytodidae and Zoropsidae, which encompassed Scytodidae, Selenopidae, Sicariidae, Sparassidae, Tetrablemmidae, Tetragnathidae, Theraphosidae, Theridiidae, Theridiosomatidae, Thomisidae, Trochanteriidae, Zodariidae and Zoropsidae.A sample of 200 species of spiders were randomly selected from the www.gbif.org) and also other sources . Whenever possible, with each species record, we also collected additional information, namely habitat type and spatial error of coordinates.Species data were collected from all taxonomic bibliography available at the For all analyses, we used the R package 'red' - IUCN red-listing tools . This pa- For extremely range-restricted species for which we assumed to know the full range, these values were classified as observed, the minimum convex polygon encompassing all observations used to calculate the EOO and the 2 km x 2 km cells known to be occupied were used to calculate the AOO. When the EOO was smaller than the AOO, it was made equal as per the IUCN guidelines .- For widespread species or those for which we did not have confidence to know the full range, we performed species distribution modelling (SDM). This was done based on both climatic  and landTo infer possible changes in range and/or abundance and for forest species only, we also consulted the Global Forest Watch portal , lookingSpecies sizes are total body size in mm and include the ranges for both males and females when known.DictisdenticulataScientific name: Species authority: Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2010AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ScytodidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: IndomalayanCountries: ThailandLao People's Democratic RepublicMyanmarMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 1Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the high number of recent records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 150Max Elevation/Depth (m): 790Range description: This species has been recorded from multiple localities in northern Thailand. The species distribution model predicts this species could also be present in northwestern Laos and eastern Myanmar.EOO (km2): 257202Trend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 104152Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a relatively widespread species, we infer the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been observed in deciduous dipterocarp forests. Observations have also been made around human infrastructures and from siamese tulip fields .Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: This species seems not to be restricted to any particular habitat type and to be tolerant to human disturbance.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist LowlandHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations14.5. Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban AreasHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist LowlandHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations14.5. Artificial/Terrestrial - Urban AreasSize: 4 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Both females and males of this species were collected by Malaise traps. This suggest they are free-living ground-dwellers hunting actively . ScytodiJustification for threats: No known threats to the species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: There are several protected areas inside the range of this species .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm current habitat and population trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm current habitat and population trends.ScytodescoguScientific name: Species authority: Brescovit & Rheims, 2001AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ScytodidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: PanamaCosta RicaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 2Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the reasonable number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 3730Range description: This species has been recorded from four localities in Costa Rica. In 2001, it was reported from San Jose  and in 1EOO (km2): 52355Trend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): 33872Number of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This species is known to live in lowland tropical forest  but the Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist LowlandHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist LowlandSize: 3.38 - 4.63 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownScytodes females may tolerate the presence of their offspring for some time after hatching (Ecology and traits (narrative): Scytodids, spitting spiders, in general are cursorial and nocturnal hunters that have specialised prey catching techniques. These spiders are also the only ones that are known to have prosomal glands that secrete not only venom but also silk. Scytodids are able to squirt a mixture of venom and gluey silk towards its prey which then gets stuck in the substrate, the venom causing paralysis. Females lay eggs in a silken retreat and the eggs are carried in the chelicerae and pulled together with a couple of silk threads . Scytodehatching .Justification for threats: There has been a forest loss of 199,007 ha in Costa Rica between the years 2001 and 2016 . In soutThreat type: OngoingThreats: 2.1. Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops2.2. Agriculture & aquaculture - Wood & pulp plantations2.3. Agriculture & aquaculture - Livestock farming & ranchingThreat type: OngoingThreats: 2.1. Agriculture & aquaculture - Annual & perennial non-timber crops2.2. Agriculture & aquaculture - Wood & pulp plantations2.3. Agriculture & aquaculture - Livestock farming & ranchingJustification for conservation actions: There are several protected areas within the range of this species, for example La Amistad National Park .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to know current population and habitat trends and to explore whether the continuing forest loss is a plausible threat to this species.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.5. Research - Threats3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to know current population and habitat trends and to explore whether the continuing forest loss is a plausible threat to this species.SelenopscandidusScientific name: Species authority: Muma, 1953AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: SelenopidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: JamaicaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 3Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 500Range description: This species has been recorded from Jamaica only, first prior to 1935  and thenEOO (km2): 9654Trend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 4200Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species has been reported from dry coastal limestone forests, inland dry forests and banana plantations from sea level to 500 m altitude .Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: This is a ground-dwelling species hiding in crevices, found in different forest types and plantations and assumed not to be affected by forest loss.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical DryHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - PlantationsHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical DryHabitat importance: SuitableHabitats: 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - PlantationsSize: 18.85 - 19.70 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEucalyptus and banana plantations (Ecology and traits (narrative): Selenopids, commonly known as flatties or wall spiders, are wandering spiders living free and usually found on walls or under rocks. Due to their flat habitus, they can hide inside narrow crevices. When disturbed these spiders flee moving sideways to hide. Egg sacs of this species are single and flat, paper-like and they are attached under bark where the female guards them . This spntations .Justification for threats: No known threats to the species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: There is at least one protected area, Portland Bight, within the range of this species .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm habitat and population trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm habitat and population trends.SelenopsshevaroyensisScientific name: Species authority: Gravely, 1931AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: SelenopidaeFamily: S.shevaroyensis resembles S.radiatus. Taxonomic clarification would be essential.Taxonomic notes: According to Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: IndomalayanCountries: IndiaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 4Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1350Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1350Range description: A single specimen is known from the type locality in Yercaud, India, recorded prior to 1931 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): Population size and trend are unknown.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Yercaud belongs to the ecoregion of tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests . OtherwiTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: UnknownGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Selenopids, commonly known as flatties or wall spiders, are wandering spiders usually found on walls or under rocks. Due to their flat habitus, they can hide inside narrow crevices. When disturbed, these spiders flee moving sideways to hide. Egg sacs of congeners are single and flat, paper-like and they are attached under bark where the female guards them .Justification for threats: No known threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsS.shevaroyensis resembles S.radiatus. Taxonomic clarification would be essential. Basic research is needed to know current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species along with possible threats.Justification for research needed: According to Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsS.shevaroyensis resembles S.radiatus. Taxonomic clarification would be essential. Basic research is needed to know current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species along with possible threats.Justification for research needed: According to LoxoscelesdeviaScientific name: Species authority: Gertsch & Mulaik, 1940Common names: Texas recluseAnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: SicariidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NearcticCountries: MexicoUnited StatesMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 5Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2030Range description: This species is present near the Gulf of Mexico on Mexico and Texas, USA .EOO (km2): 703860Trend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 385844Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a relatively widespread species with no known threats, able to live in different habitat types, we infer the trend to be stable.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): This species thrives in arid, desert-like habitats in Texas and Mexico  commonlyTrend in extent, area or quality?: IncreaseJustification for trend: It preferred habitat, desert-like arid, is increasing in extent .Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.5. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Caves8.1. Desert - HotHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.5. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Caves8.1. Desert - HotSize: 5 - 10 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoLoxosceles are nocturnal ground-dwelling hunters that live under stones and other ground objects. Loxoscelids build a retreat with irregular webs. The webs of these species have been described as white, adhesive and flocculent. Many species in this genus have been reported to have strong venom since the haematoxins in the venom of Loxosceles destroys the cells of the skin after biting often resulting in necrosis (Ecology and traits (narrative): The spiders of the genus necrosis .Justification for threats: No known threats.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: OngoingThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: Many different nature reserves, wilderness areas, national parks and other protected lands fall within this species range .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm inferred habitat and populations trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm inferred habitat and populations trends.HeteropodajiangxiensisScientific name: Species authority: Li, 1991AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: SparassidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ChinaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 6Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 160Max Elevation/Depth (m): 160Range description: This species is known only from the type locality in Jiangxi, China, recorded in 1989 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The type locality falls in the region of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest . OtherwiTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 15.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Heteropodids are nocturnal, wandering spiders which do not build webs but a retreat from silk .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species along with possible threats.IsopedaechucaScientific name: Species authority: Hirst, 1992AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: SparassidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: AustralasianCountries: AustraliaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 7Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 70Max Elevation/Depth (m): 450Range description: This species is known from New South Wales and Victoria in Australia and the latest known record date was in 1988 .EOO (km2): 118216Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: There is decline in habitat quality with consequent inferred decline in EOO as there has been reported decline in the rainfall and increase in the daily maximum temperature within the species range .Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: There is decline in habitat quality with consequent inferred decline in AOO as there has been reported decline in the rainfall and increase in the daily maximum temperature within the species range .Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 96180Number of locations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: There is decline in habitat quality with consequent inferred decline in number of locations as there has been reported decline in the rainfall and increase in the daily maximum temperature within the species range .Extreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Inferred from decline in AOO and habitat quality.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: There is decline in habitat quality with consequent inferred decline in number of subpopulations as there has been reported decline in the rainfall and increase in the daily maximum temperature within the species range .Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownIsopeda seems to be present only in areas with rainfall above 500 mm. One of the records was reported from Hardings swamp (Habitat (narrative): gs swamp .Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: There is decline in habitat quality as there has been reported decline in the rainfall and increase in the daily maximum temperature .Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 5.4. Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, PeatlandsHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 5.4. Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, PeatlandsSize: 21.3 - 28.55 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoI.echuca have been observed from August to June, although it has been suggested both males and females may be present throughout the year and the existing gaps may be due to insufficient sampling and inactivity of the spiders : Males of  spiders . Spidersn plants .Justification for threats: Since this species seems to prefer moist habitats, the ongoing climate change is affecting the habitat quality as there has been reported decline in the rainfall and daily maximum temperatures are rising .Threat type: OngoingThreats: 11.2. Climate change & severe weather - DroughtsThreat type: OngoingThreats: 11.2. Climate change & severe weather - DroughtsJustification for conservation actions: At least part of the range of this species is inside protected areas, namely Barmah National Park and Heathcote-Graytown National Park . Given tConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm population and habitat trends and also conservation planning could take place given the continuing decline in habitat quality.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm population and habitat trends and also conservation planning could take place given the continuing decline in habitat quality.PseudopodaparvipunctataScientific name: Species authority: J\u00e4ger, 2001AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: SparassidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: IndomalayanCountries: ThailandMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 8Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 500Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1460Range description: This species is known from only two localities, Doi Suthep and Doi Pui in Thailand, both recorded in 1986 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): There is no recorded habitat data for this species. The localities fall somewhere between tropical and subtropical moist broadeaf forest and tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forest areas .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 5.0 - 10.2mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownSparassidae, in general, are nocturnal and wandering spiders live on the soil surface or on plants. They are sometimes also found in caves (Ecology and traits (narrative): Spiders of the family in caves .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: There are only few records for this species, however, they seem to be within protected areas or, at least, near protected areas in Thailand, e.g. Salawin Wildlife Sancturary .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution, population trends, habitat fidelity of the species and possible threats.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution, population trends, habitat fidelity of the species and possible threats.SinopodasitkaoScientific name: Species authority: J\u00e4ger, 2012AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: SparassidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: IndomalayanCountries: Lao People's Democratic RepublicMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 9Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 430Max Elevation/Depth (m): 430Range description: Known only from the type locality in Luang Prabang Province, Laos, recorded in 2012 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): A single specimen was found in a limestone cave  and we aTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesSize: 15.6 mmGeneration length (yr): 0Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): This is a pale-coloured species whose single specimen was found from a cave in limestone .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.TetrablemmabrevidensScientific name: Species authority: Tong & Li, 2008AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TetrablemmidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: ChinaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 10Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 70Max Elevation/Depth (m): 160Range description: This species is known from only two localities in western Hainan, China, both recorded in 2005 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): This species was found only from caves  and we aTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.1. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - CavesSize: 1.19 - 1.28 mmGeneration length (yr): 0Dependency of single sp?: UnknownTetrablemmidae are small to tiny spiders known as \u201carmored spiders\u201d due to their heavily scleritised bodies. These three-clawed, ecribellate, haplogyne spiders are covered with a hardened shell or abdominal scutae  hinged with softer material allowing expansion between the plates in a bellows-like way : Members of the family like way . They arhabitats . Very liobserved . Tetrablobserved . Some canly four . The cavJustification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: At least one locality seems to be partly within Jiaxi Nature Reserve .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.ChrysometalepidaScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TetragnathidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: PeruMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 11Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 3060Max Elevation/Depth (m): 3060Range description: Known only from the type locality in Tarma, Peru, recorded once prior to 1881 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The preferred habitat of this species is unknown, although congeners tend to live at high altitudes  . The habTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 2.3 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownTetragnathidae are orb-weavers building a web with often only few radii and spirals (Ecology and traits (narrative): Spiders of the family  spirals . Some sp spirals  and commJustification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.CyrtognathapachygnathoidesScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TetragnathidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: PanamaCosta RicaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 12Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the reasonable number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1010Max Elevation/Depth (m): 3730Cyrtognatha is widespread in South America, Central America and the southern parts of North America, although the majority of the species are known from single localities. The latest known record is from 1995, from La Amistad International Park in Panama (Range description: This species is present in Costa Rica and Panama. According to n Panama . Since tEOO (km2): 7829Trend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): 4184Number of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): Population size and trend are unknown.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This species seems to prefer tropical cloud and lowland rainforests .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist LowlandHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist LowlandSize: 4.9 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownCyrtognatha species build horizontal or, in some cases, also vertical orb webs. There are usually only few radii and spiral turns in the web and also an open hub where the spider often sits. They flee from their web if disturbed and then hide in the vegetation (Ecology and traits (narrative): getation .Justification for threats: The major potential threat to this species could be habitat destruction such as deforestation and aridification due to climate change (Dimitar Dimitrov pers. comm.).Threat type: OngoingThreats: 11.1. Climate change & severe weather - Habitat shifting & alteration11.2. Climate change & severe weather - Droughts5.3. Biological resource use - Logging & wood harvestingThreat type: OngoingThreats: 11.1. Climate change & severe weather - Habitat shifting & alteration11.2. Climate change & severe weather - Droughts5.3. Biological resource use - Logging & wood harvestingJustification for conservation actions: At least part of the range of this species is inside protected areas since it has been recorded from Volcan Chiriqui inside Volcan Baru National Park  and La AConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to know the current population and habitat trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to know the current population and habitat trends.BrachionopustristisScientific name: Species authority: Purcell, 1903AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheraphosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: AfrotropicalCountries: South AfricaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 13Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): EOO and AOO are unknown.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 820Max Elevation/Depth (m): 820Range description: Known only from the type locality in Barberton, Transvaal, South Africa, recorded once in 1897 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): Population size and trend are unknown.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): There is no recorded habitat data available. The type locality falls into the ecoregion of tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannahs and shrublands .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 13.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: UnknownTheraphosidae are free-living, ground-dwelling spiders. They build a burrow lined with silk or hide in a retreat under a rock (Ecology and traits (narrative): Spiders of the family r a rock . Theraphr a rock . Burrowsr a rock .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.CardiopelmamascatumScientific name: Species authority: Vol, 1999AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheraphosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: MexicoMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 14Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO and AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1960Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1960Range description: This species has been recorded only once from unspecified locality in Mexico prior to 1999 . AlthougEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): Population size and trend are unknown.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): There is a variety of tropical and subtropical forest types in Mexico along with deserts and xeric shrublands . Since tTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 28 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: UnknownTheraphosidae are free-living, ground-dwelling spiders. They build a burrow lined with silk or hide in a retreat under a rock (Ecology and traits (narrative): Spiders of the family r a rock . Theraphr a rock . The burr a rock .Justification for threats: This genus has been broadly trafficked for the pet trade from Mexico into Europe and Northern America and therefore collection as a pet may be a threat to this particular species as well.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 5.1.1. Biological resource use - Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)Threat type: OngoingThreats: 5.1.1. Biological resource use - Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)Justification for conservation actions: It would be essential to raise awareness and communication of the consequences of trade on exotic animals captured from the wild.Conservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 4.3. Education & awareness - Awareness & communicationsConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 4.3. Education & awareness - Awareness & communicationsJustification for use and trade: This species is on the pet trade at an international level.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 13. Pets/display animals, horticultureEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats besides the pet trade.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 13. Pets/display animals, horticultureEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats besides the pet trade.CyriopagopusvonwirthiScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheraphosidaeFamily: Haplopelma to Cyriopagopus after genus synonymy (Smith & Jacobi 2015).Taxonomic notes: Species transferred from Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: IndomalayanCountries: Viet NamMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 15Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 0Range description: This species was collected from the pet trade, confirmed from an unspecified locality in Vietnam with no date .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Since the type locality is unspecified, the preferred habitat for this species cannot be inferred.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 40 - 50 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: UnknownTheraphosidae are free-living, ground-dwelling spiders. They build a burrow lined with silk or hide in a retreat under a rock (Ecology and traits (narrative): Spiders of the family r a rock . Theraphr a rock .Justification for threats: Collection of individuals from the wild to feed the pet market may be a threat to this species.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 5.1.1. Biological resource use - Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)Threat type: OngoingThreats: 5.1.1. Biological resource use - Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)Justification for conservation actions: It would be essential to raise awareness and communication of the consequences of the pet trade on exotic animals.Conservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 4.3. Education & awareness - Awareness & communicationsConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 4.3. Education & awareness - Awareness & communicationsUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 13. Pets/display animals, horticultureEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species along with possible threats besides the possible consequences of pet trade.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 13. Pets/display animals, horticultureEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species along with possible threats besides the possible consequences of pet trade.EupalaestruslaraeScientific name: Species authority: Ferretti & Barneche, 2012AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheraphosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: ArgentinaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 16Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Only three records  make it Min Elevation/Depth (m): 90Max Elevation/Depth (m): 120Range description: This species is known only from Chaco province, Argentina, found and recorded in 2012 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownE.larae is capable of inhabiting even modified areas with human disturbance (Justification for trend: turbance  which maCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownE.larae is capable of inhabiting even modified areas with human disturbance (Justification for trend: turbance  which maCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Specimens were found in the area between humid and dry Chaco in flat grasslands surrounded by forest. This species was also abundant in golf courses along with other artificial and disturbed habitats .Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: This species tolerance to human disturbance can be advantageous to its survival.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural GardensHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural GardensSize: 45.72 - 64.40 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: UnknownTheraphosidae are free-living, ground-dwelling spiders. They build a burrow lined with silk or hide in a retreat under a rock : Spiders of the family r a rock . Theraphr a rock . E.larae metres .Justification for threats: No known threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatConservation action type: In PlaceConservation action type: In PlaceUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.PhormictopusplatusScientific name: Species authority: Chamberlin, 1917AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheraphosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NearcticCountries: United StatesMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 17Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOOMin Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 0Range description: This species has been recorded only once from an unconfirmed type locality prior to 1917 . The desEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Since the type locality is unspecified, the preferred habitat by this species cannot be inferred.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 52 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: NoTheraphosidae are free-living, ground-dwelling spiders. They build a burrow lined with silk or hide in a retreat under a rock (Ecology and traits (narrative): Spiders of the family r a rock . Theraphr a rock .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatConservation action type: In PlaceConservation action type: In PlaceUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.PlesiopelmamyodesScientific name: Species authority: Pocock, 1901AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheraphosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: UruguayBrazilMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 18Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 90Max Elevation/Depth (m): 120Range description: Known only from two localities, from Soriano in Uruguay, recorded prior to 1901  and fromEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): Population size and trend are unknown.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Unknown preferred habitat.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 26 - 35 mmGeneration length (yr): 4Dependency of single sp?: UnknownTheraphosidae are free-living, ground-dwelling spiders. They build a burrow lined with silk or hide in a retreat under a rock  : Spiders of the family r a rock . Theraph y Tres) . Ferrettn spring .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats. Since the last publication is over 90 years old, a taxonomic review would be needed to confirm the species status.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.1. Research - Taxonomy1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats. Since the last publication is over 90 years old, a taxonomic review would be needed to confirm the species status.PoecilotheriasubfuscaScientific name: Species authority: Pocock, 1895AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheraphosidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: IndomalayanCountries: Sri LankaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 19Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 170Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2410Range description: This species is endemic to Sri Lanka and restricted to its central parts, last recorded in the wild in the 1990s but many pet records are from 2000s .EOO (km2): 6152Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Large and expanding human settlements surround the existing habitat of the species.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Large and expanding human settlements surround the existing habitat of the species.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 5208Number of locations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Based on predicted forest loss in the area .Extreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Inferred from the loss of AOO and habitat quality. Possible decrease of population size due to the pet trade is also a strong possibility.Basis for decline: (c) a decline in area of occupancy, extent of occurrence and/or quality of habitat(d) actual or potential levels of exploitationCauses ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: NoExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): Population size is unknown but inferred to be declining due to habitat loss and capture from nature due to pet trade.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Large and expanding human settlements surround the existing habitat of the species.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): Species in this genus prefer very specific microhabitats, mainly tree holes and on the bark of trees and are found in remnant forests surrounded by extensive human settlements in Sri Lanka.Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (observed)Justification for trend: Large and expanding human settlements surround the existing habitat of the species .Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 60 mmGeneration length (yr): 6Dependency of single sp?: NoPoecilotheria are tree-dwellers, where they spin small webs in the bifurcations of branches. Given their large size, they might feed on small vertebrates besides the regular large invertebrate diet.Ecology and traits (narrative): Species of Justification for threats: Habitat transformation and the pet trade form the main threats to this species.Threat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas5.1.1. Biological resource use - Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)Threat type: OngoingThreats: 1.1. Residential & commercial development - Housing & urban areas5.1.1. Biological resource use - Hunting & trapping terrestrial animals - Intentional use (species is the target)Justification for conservation actions: At least part of the species estimated range is within protected areas, namely Knuckles and Pedro Forest/Pidurutalagala Conservation Forest and Agra bopats P.R State Forest in Sri Lanka . Large aConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection4.3. Education & awareness - Awareness & communicationsConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection4.3. Education & awareness - Awareness & communicationsJustification for use and trade: Traded at the international level.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 13. Pets/display animals, horticultureEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan2.3. Conservation Planning - Harvest & Trade Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm the inferred population and habitat trends. Also conservation planning would be essential to the survival of this species since it is endemic to a small part of Sri Lanka and with decreasing population numbers.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 13. Pets/display animals, horticultureEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 2.1. Conservation Planning - Species Action/Recovery Plan2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan2.3. Conservation Planning - Harvest & Trade Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm the inferred population and habitat trends. Also conservation planning would be essential to the survival of this species since it is endemic to a small part of Sri Lanka and with decreasing population numbers.DipoenaappalachiaScientific name: Species authority: Levi, 1953AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NearcticCountries: CanadaUnited StatesMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 20Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 690Range description: This species was found in many localities from the south-eastern United States  to QuebeEOO (km2): 2729841Trend: StableJustification for trend: Although no monitoring was conducted, given the wide range and no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: Although no monitoring was conducted, given the wide range and no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 1453664Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: Although no monitoring was conducted, given the wide range and no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: Although no monitoring was conducted, given the wide range and no known threats, we infer the trend to be stable.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: Given the wide range, it is doubtful that the species occupies a specific habitat, but the exact habitat requirements are unknown.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - TemperateSize: 1.1 - 1.6 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownDipoena do not build webs and feed almost exclusively on ants at ground level, on low bushes or on the bark of trees.Ecology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this particular species is largely unknown. Contrary to most theridiids, Justification for threats: No known threats to the speciesThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: At least part of the species range is inside protected areas, namely Parc National de la Yamaska in Quebec, Canada  and seveConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm current population and habitat trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm current population and habitat trends.LasaeolaconvexaScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiidaeFamily: L.convexa has been transferred between the genera Dipoena and Lasaeola for several times : Suppl. material 21Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 2090Range description: This species should be widely distributed across the Mediterranean and further north .EOO (km2): 8929003Trend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 3438164Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoL.convexa prefers dry habitats and lives on bushes and under stones (Juniperusoxycedrus and J.phoenica) (Habitat (narrative): r stones ; specimehoenica) . It alsohoenica) .Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: Dry and xerix habitats are in fact increasing and therefore the habitat trend for this species can be inferred to be at least stable.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate3.4. Shrubland - Temperate3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby VegetationHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate3.4. Shrubland - Temperate3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby VegetationSize: 1.7 - 4 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoLasaeola do not build webs and feed almost exclusively on ants at ground level, on low bushes or on the bark of trees. Females occur from January to June and also in November, while males are seen in spring and in October (Ecology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this particular species is largely unknown. Contrary to most theridiids,  October .Justification for threats: No known threats to the species.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: There are several protected areas inside the range of this species .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm current population and habitat trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm current population and habitat trends.SesatosetosaScientific name: Species authority: Saaristo, 2006AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: AfrotropicalCountries: SeychellesMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 22Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 450Range description: This species is endemic to the Seychelles island of Silhouette, all records are from 1990s .EOO (km2): 32Trend: UnknownJustification for trend: The habitat has been deteriorating due to the effects of invasive plant species, yet we do not know if this affects the species.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: UnknownJustification for trend: The habitat has been deteriorating due to the effects of invasive plant species, yet we do not know if this affects the species.Causes ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 32Number of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesPisonia forest and spins its webs in vegetation (Habitat (narrative): This species was found only in getation .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownSesatosetosa appears to dwell in areas around the local village, hence it is unknown if the species is being affected.Justification for trend: Although the habitat has been deteriorating due to the effects of invasive plant species, Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist LowlandHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist LowlandSize: 1.65 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): This species spins its web in the vegetation . OtherwiCinnamomumverum. Yet, we do not know if it affects the spider.Justification for threats: This species habitat is threatened due to the effects of invasive plants, especially Threat type: OngoingThreats: 8.1.2. Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named speciesThreat type: OngoingThreats: 8.1.2. Invasive and other problematic species, genes & diseases - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseases - Named speciesJustification for conservation actions: This species is found in the Silhouette National Park, yet the park is not currently managed. Invasive species were managed on Silhouette until 2010 but any actions have been abandoned since. If the spider is in any way affected by invasive plant species, it may be essential to its survival to take consider invasive species management as a possible action.Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 2.1. Land/water management - Site/area management2.2. Land/water management - Invasive/problematic species controlConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protectionConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 2.1. Land/water management - Site/area management2.2. Land/water management - Invasive/problematic species controlUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.5. Research - Threats2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: This species is present in the Silhouette National Park but this is not managed. To know the current population trends implies evaluating the true impact of the invasive plant species on the spider. Also, monitoring of habitat and population trends would be needed.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.5. Research - Threats2.2. Conservation Planning - Area-based Management Plan3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: This species is present in the Silhouette National Park but this is not managed. To know the current population trends implies evaluating the true impact of the invasive plant species on the spider. Also, monitoring of habitat and population trends would be needed.SteatodaxerophilaScientific name: Species authority: Levy & Amitai, 1982AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: IsraelMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 23Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Very few records in Israel  do not aMin Elevation/Depth (m): 380Max Elevation/Depth (m): 660Range description: This species has been recorded for the Negev, a desertic and semidesertic region of southern Israel, recorded in 1973 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: YesHabitat (narrative): This species is found in arid desertic and semidesertic areas of the Negev, southern Israel. .Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: We do not know of any threats to the habitat.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 8.1. Desert - HotHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 8.1. Desert - HotSize: 6.3 - 6.6 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this particular species is largely unknown. Theridiids in general build space webs which are irregular in shape; threads are often configured in different directions . These tJustification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species along with possible threats.TheridionmiserumScientific name: Species authority: Thorell, 1898AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: IndomalayanCountries: MyanmarMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 24Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 110Max Elevation/Depth (m): 110Range description: This species is known only from the type locality in Myanmar, prior to 1898 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Myanmar belongs to the ecoregion of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests . OtherwiTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: >2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this particular species is largely unknown. Theridiids in general build space webs which are irregular in shape; threads are often configured in different directions . These tJustification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Theridion xianfengenseScientific name: Species authority: Zhu & Song, 1992AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: IndomalayanPalearcticCountries: MyanmarChinaTaiwan, Province of ChinaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 25Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1830Range description: Recorded from several sites in China between the 1980s and 1990s . The lasEOO (km2): 1719562Trend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 515972Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist. This species is widespread in South East Asia.Trend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no specific habitat requirements or known threats we assume the trend to be stable.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The predicted range of this species covers the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests and temperate and mixed forests . OtherwiTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 2.29-3.10 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this particular species is largely unknown. Theridiids in general build space webs which are irregular in shape; threads are often configured in different directions . These tJustification for threats: No known threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: There are several areas of differents sizes and protection levels inside the predicted range of this species .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm the current population and habitat trends.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm the current population and habitat trends.ThymoitespictipesScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NearcticCountries: MexicoCanadaUnited StatesMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 26Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1060Range description: This species is known from several sites from the west coast of the USA , last reEOO (km2): 992811Trend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): 232808Number of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The habitat of this species is unknown. One specimen was found from tree bark .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 2.2-2.4 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this particular species is largely unknown. Theridiids in general build space webs which are irregular in shape; threads are often configured in different directions . These tJustification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: There are several protected areas within the range of this species, namely Redwood National Park and Ventana Wilderness area in USA and El Vizca\u00edno biosphere reserve in Mexico .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.3. Research - Life history & ecology3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Basic research on the ecology of this species is needed. Also monitoring is needed to know the current population and habitat trends, as it was last recorded before 1957.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.3. Research - Life history & ecology3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Basic research on the ecology of this species is needed. Also monitoring is needed to know the current population and habitat trends, as it was last recorded before 1957.ThymoitesverusScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: MexicoMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 27Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 20Max Elevation/Depth (m): 20Range description: Known only from the type locality in Santa Cruz, Veracruz, Mexico, recorded once prior to 1959 . There aEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Since the type locality is unspecified, the habitat preferred by this species cannot be inferred.Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 2.1 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this particular species is unknown. Theridiids in general build space webs which are irregular in shape; threads are often configured in different directions . These tJustification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.OgulniusinfumatusScientific name: Species authority: Simon, 1898AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiosomatidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: Saint Vincent and the GrenadinesMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 28Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 450Max Elevation/Depth (m): 450Ogulniusinfumatus except for the island of Saint Vincent in the Caribbean. The species has not been reported since.Range description: EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The habitat of this particular species is unknown. Theridiosomatids in general have been observed to prefer wet and humid habitats, for example dark forests and some have been recorded from caves as well .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 0.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this species is largely unknown. Theridiosomatids in general tend to build a web that varies in shape (complete orb webs to networks with a few threads) and some species do not build a web at all. Webs are often built in litter or in low vegetation .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.TheridiosomaconcolorScientific name: Species authority: Keyserling, 1884AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TheridiosomatidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: PeruMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 29Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 120Max Elevation/Depth (m): 120Range description: The species is only known from the type locality, from a single collection dated over 130 years ago .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownJustification for number of locations: Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): This species has been collected only once and data on its population size, fluctuations or changes are not known .Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The area in which the species was collected is dominated by tropical rainforest .Trend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (estimated)Justification for trend: This habitat is estimated to be decreasing based on satellite data .Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry1.9. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist MontaneSize: 4 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this species is largely unknown. Theridiosomatids in general tend to build a web that varies in shape (complete orb webs to networks with a few threads) and some species do not build a web at all. Webs are often built in litter or in low vegetation .Justification for threats: This species is known only from a forest area that is estimated to have recently decreased (since 2004 based on satellite imagery data) due to an increase in fire frequency  and defoThreat type: OngoingThreats: 7.1.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity5.3.5. Biological resource use - Logging & wood harvesting - Motivation unknown/unrecordedThreat type: OngoingThreats: 7.1.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensity5.3.5. Biological resource use - Logging & wood harvesting - Motivation unknown/unrecordedJustification for conservation actions: This species was collected in an area of tropical rainforest that has been partially deforested . This arConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementConservation action type: NeededConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protection2.1. Land/water management - Site/area managementUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats. The single locality where the species was collected is affected by deforestation and monitoring of human activity should be conducted.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - Threats3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats. The single locality where the species was collected is affected by deforestation and monitoring of human activity should be conducted.Justification for probability: BomisbengalensisScientific name: Species authority: Tikader, 1962Kingdom: AnimaiaArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: IndomalayanCountries: IndiaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 30Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 10Max Elevation/Depth (m): 20Range description: Known from only two sites in West Bengal, India, recorded during the 1950s .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The records for this species have been made in a region dominated by tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests near mangroves . OtherwiTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 3.1 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this species is unknown. Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.EpicadustrituberculatusScientific name: Species authority: Tobiasparaguayensis Mello-Leit\u00e3o, 1929Epicadusplanus Mello-Leit\u00e3o, 1932Synonyms: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: GuyanaFrench GuianaSurinameParaguayPeruTrinidad and TobagoGuatemalaBelizePanamaBrazilColombiaEcuadorArgentinaMexicoCosta RicaHondurasNicaraguaBolivia, Plurinational States ofVenezuela, Bolivarian Republic ofMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 31Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1750E.trituberculatus is known from several sites in South America (Range description:  America  and shouEOO (km2): 17139271Trend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 3899420Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableCauses ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist. This species should be widespread and with no known threats, therefore the trend is assumed to be stable.Number of subpopulations: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): No habitat data for this species is reported. Its predicted range is mostly covered by tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 2.50-15 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEpicadus species are medium-sized spiders with a remarkable sexual size dimorphism, commonly found on leaves or flowers (Epicadus is included in a clade of spiders that display a variety of polychromatism and use flowers to hunt.Ecology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this species is unknown. Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom . Epicadu flowers . AccordiJustification for threats: No known threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: There are several protected areas within the range of this species .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm the current population and habitat trends.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm the current population and habitat trends.MisumenapictaScientific name: Species authority: Franganillo, 1926AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: CubaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 32Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 40Max Elevation/Depth (m): 100Range description: Recorded only from two localities, Habana and Camaguey in Cuba, in 1926 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Cuba is mostly covered with tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests . OtherwiTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: UnknownGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this species is unknown. Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.MisumenoidesgwarighatensisScientific name: Species authority: Gajbe, 2004AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: IndomalayanCountries: IndiaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 33Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 390Max Elevation/Depth (m): 390Range description: Known only from the type locality Madhya Pradesh, India. Recorded only once in 1997 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The habitat of this species is largely unknown, the single specimen being found in vegetation . The typTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 6.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this species is unknown. Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.MisumenopsguianensisScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: GuyanaFrench GuianaSurinameParaguayPeruTrinidad and TobagoPanamaBrazilColombiaArgentinaCosta RicaBolivia, Plurinational States ofVenezuela, Bolivarian Republic ofMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 34Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1270Range description: This species should be widely distributed throughout South America .EOO (km2): 15958592Trend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 11867792Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist. As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Trend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Specimens have been collected from savannahs, dry meadows and from a gallery forest in Venezuela .Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: Given the variety of habitat types, the quality is assumed to be stable.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland2.1. Savanna - Dry4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical DryHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.6. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Moist Lowland2.1. Savanna - Dry4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical DrySize: 3.1\u20135.7 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this species is unknown. Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom .Justification for threats: No known threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: There are several protected areas within the range of this species .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm the current population and habitat trends.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm the current population and habitat trends.MisumenopsignobilisScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: ParaguayArgentinaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 35Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 50Max Elevation/Depth (m): 290Range description: This species is known from Paraguay and Argentina, specifically in the Gran Chaco on the Paraguayan side of the Bolivian border, recorded in 1940  and the EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The localities where this species has been recorded fall between tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests and grasslands, savannahs and shrublands . OtherwiTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: UnknownGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this species is unknown. Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom .Justification for threats: In the last 30 years, the Gran Chaco region has shown a massive contraction of forest, where 1.2 million ha of original lowland and mountain subtropical dry forest, 85% of the original, have been cleared, mainly due to agricultural expansion . This haThreat type: OngoingThreats: 2.3.2. Agriculture & aquaculture - Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farmingThreat type: OngoingThreats: 2.3.2. Agriculture & aquaculture - Livestock farming & ranching - Small-holder grazing, ranching or farmingUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.OxytategreenaeScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: IndomalayanCountries: BangladeshBhutanNepalIndiaMyanmarMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 36Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Although there were few records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1770Range description: This species is known from three sites in India; it was recorded in 1971 from Andmana Islands and in 2009 from Kalijhora and Budhuram . HoweverEOO (km2): 594860Trend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): 162004Number of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Unknown habitat. The predicted range falls into the ecoregion of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests . HoweverTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 10 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoEcology and traits (narrative): Ecology of this species is unknown. Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: At least part of the range of this species is within protected areas: according to Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to know the current population and habitat trends.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to know the current population and habitat trends.OzyptilaconspurcataScientific name: Species authority: Thorell, 1877AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NearcticCountries: CanadaUnited StatesMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 37Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 3810Range description: This species is known from several sites and is relatively well-recorded in the USA and Canada . It is pEOO (km2): 11568241Trend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 10103920Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): This species is relatively well-recorded and widespread in the USA and in the southermost parts of Canada, which indicates a stable population trend.Trend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This species seems to adapt well to different kinds of habitats. Specimens have been found from coniferous forests , peat boTrend in extent, area or quality?: StableJustification for trend: This species has been reported in various habitats, indicating it can adapt relatively well in different environments.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate4.4. Grassland - Temperate5.4. Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, PeatlandsHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.4. Forest - Temperate4.4. Grassland - Temperate5.4. Wetlands (inland) - Bogs, Marshes, Swamps, Fens, PeatlandsSize: 3-4.3 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Mature individuals occur from March to November . ThomisiJustification for threats: No known threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: There are several protected areas within the range of this species .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm current population and habitat trends.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm current population and habitat trends.OzyptilahardyiScientific name: Species authority: Gertsch, 1953AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NearcticCountries: United StatesMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 38Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 0Range description: Known only from the type locality in Laguna Madre, Texas, USA, recorded in 1945 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoNeotomamicropus, Ozyptila tend to live on the ground, amongst leaf litter or on the bark of trees. The locality seems to fall into the ecoregion of desert and xeric shrublands (Habitat (narrative): A single specimen was found from the nest of a Southern Plains Woodrat : 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom . SpeciesJustification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.StephanopisyulensisScientific name: Species authority: Thorell, 1881AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: AustralasianCountries: Papua New GuineaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 39Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 60Max Elevation/Depth (m): 60Range description: Known only from the type locality in Roro (Yule Island). The species is only mentioned in its original taxonomical description  and has EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): No habitat data was recorded, however, the region of Yule Island is dominated by moist broadleaf forest .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 9.5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.SynemaadjunctumScientific name: Species authority: O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: PanamaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 40Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 140Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1170Range description: Known only from the type locality, Volcan de Chiriqui, in Panama, prior to 1891 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): The type locality of this species is in the region of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests . OtherwiTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: <3 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: The type locality is inside Volcan Baru National Park, which indicates that, at least in this area, the species could be preserved .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.SynemahildebrandtiScientific name: Species authority: Dahl, 1907AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: AfrotropicalCountries: MadagascarMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 41Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1720Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1720Range description: Known only from Madagascar, no locality specified, recorded prior to 1905 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): Population size and trend are unknown.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Madagascar is mostly covered with tropical and subtropical moist and dry broadleaf forests but also deserts and xeric shrublands in the southern part . HoweverTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: UnknownGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.ThomisuslitorisScientific name: Species authority: Strand, 1913AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: AfrotropicalCountries: RwandaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 42Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 1430Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1430Range description: Known only from the type locality in Central Africa, specifically at Kiwu Lake in Rwanda, recorded in 1907 . No recoEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Only Lake Kiwu is mentioned in the original description , which iTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 5 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.TmarusperuvianusScientific name: Species authority: Berland, 1913AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: NeotropicalCountries: PeruMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 43Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 180Max Elevation/Depth (m): 180Range description: Known only from the type locality in North Peru, recorded prior to 1913 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): Known from desertic habitats in North Peru .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 8.1. Desert - Hot8.2. Desert - TemperateHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 8.1. Desert - Hot8.2. Desert - TemperateSize: 3 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.XysticuskalandadzeiScientific name: Species authority: Mcheidze & Utochkin, 1971AraneaeKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: GeorgiaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 44Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 510Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1180Range description: This species is known from Georgia, specifically from Kiketi, Betania, recorded in 1962  and fromEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): All specimens were found in grasslands .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.4. Grassland - TemperateHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 4.4. Grassland - TemperateSize: 3.6 mmGeneration length (yr): 11Dependency of single sp?: UnknownXysticus are relatively dark in colour and instead of flowers they hunt on the leaf litter, bark of trees and open areas (Ecology and traits (narrative): Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom . Speciesen areas .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.XysticustristramiScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ThomisidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: UzbekistanPalestinian Territory, OccupiedQatarSaudi ArabiaAfghanistanLebanonCyprusSyrian Arab RepublicTajikistanTurkmenistanIraqIran, Islamic Republic ofPakistanIsraelJordanKazakhstanKuwaitKyrgyzstanYemenGeorgiaTurkeyArmeniaAzerbaijanIndiaMacedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic ofAlbaniaBulgariaMontenegroLibyaSudanGreeceSerbiaEgyptRussian FederationUkraineChinaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 45Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 4650Range description: This species is well-recorded : 14889354Trend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: StableJustification for trend: As it is a widespread species with no known threats, the trend is assumed to be stable.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 11231076Number of locations: Not applicableJustification for number of locations: No known threats to the species.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: StableCauses ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist. However, as it is a relatively well-recorded and widespread species with no known threats, we assume the trend to be stable.Trend: StableExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Specimens were found in a variety of relatively open habitat types, from rocky areas to shrublands. They were mainly found under rocks and stones and males running on the ground and upon plants and shrubs .Trend in extent, area or quality?: StableHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.4. Shrubland - Temperate3.5. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry4.4. Grassland - Temperate4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry6. Rocky areas Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.4. Shrubland - Temperate3.5. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry4.4. Grassland - Temperate4.5. Grassland - Subtropical/Tropical Dry6. Rocky areas Size: 2-3 mm (prosoma length)Generation length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: NoXysticus are relatively dark in colour and instead of flowers they hunt on the leaf litter, bark of trees and open areas (Ecology and traits (narrative): Thomisids in general are ambush predators and do not build webs. Also known as crab spiders, they are most active during the day and usually wear a cryptic colour which help them to camouflage and wait for their prey, for example, by sitting on a plant. With their acute vision, they detect the prey and then attack. The prey are sometimes over twice the size of the spider and are paralysed with strong venom . Speciesen areas . Accordien areas .Justification for threats: No known threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatJustification for conservation actions: There are several protected areas within the range of this species .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm the current population and habitat trends.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm the current population and habitat trends.LongritarastellataScientific name: Species authority: Platnick, 2002AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: TrochanteriidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: AustralasianCountries: AustraliaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 46Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 80Max Elevation/Depth (m): 670Range description: This species is known only from northern Queensland and Western Australia, recorded in 1985 and 1993, respectively . AccordiEOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist. Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): All specimens were found under rocks , otherwiTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 18-19 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Trochanteriids are commonly known as scorpion spiders. They are flat-bodied free-living wanderers that do not build a web at all. They tend to hide in rock cracks, under bark or stones .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.CavasteronguttulatumScientific name: Species authority: Baehr & Jocqu\u00e9, 2000AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ZodariidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: AustralasianCountries: AustraliaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 47Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 150Max Elevation/Depth (m): 160Range description: Recorded in 1984 from only three localities that are far apart in South Australia .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: NoHabitat (narrative): Recorded from scrub and sand plains .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.4. Shrubland - Temperate3.5. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical DryHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 3.4. Shrubland - Temperate3.5. Shrubland - Subtropical/Tropical DrySize: 3.10 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): Zodariids are mostly ground-dwellers and wanderers that do not build a web. In general they prefer dry habitats where they often make burrows for shelter .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatConservation action type: In PlaceConservation action type: In PlaceUse type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.StorenagujaratensisScientific name: Species authority: Tikader & Patel, 1975AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ZodariidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: IndomalayanCountries: IndiaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 48Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 40Max Elevation/Depth (m): 40Range description: Known only from the type locality in Gujarat, India, recorded in 1972 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): No population size estimates exist.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This species was found under stones or dead leaves on the ground . GujaratTrend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 18. UnknownSize: 6.4 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownEcology and traits (narrative): All specimens were found under stones or dead leaves , which iJustification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.ZodarionsytchevskajaeScientific name: Species authority: AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ZodariidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: PalearcticCountries: TurkmenistanMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 49Basis of EOO and AOO: UnknownBasis (narrative): Unknown EOO or AOO.Min Elevation/Depth (m): 200Max Elevation/Depth (m): 1090Range description: This species is known from three sites in Turkmenistan, last recorded prior to 2001 .EOO (km2): UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownAOO (km2): UnknownNumber of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownNumber of individuals: UnknownTrend: UnknownCauses ceased?: UnknownCauses understood?: UnknownCauses reversible?: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownPopulation Information (Narrative): This species seems to be widely distributed based on the type series, yet it has subsequently not been collected.Trend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownSevere fragmentation?: UnknownSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: Unknowntermitaria (Habitat (narrative): This species has been recorded from rmitaria  yet it irmitaria .Trend in extent, area or quality?: UnknownHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.2. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Other Subterranean Habitats8.1. Desert - HotHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 7.2. Caves and Subterranean Habitats (non-aquatic) - Other Subterranean Habitats8.1. Desert - HotSize: <2 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownZodarion are specialised in hunting ants, building an igloo-like retreat (termitaria (Ecology and traits (narrative): Zodariids in general are ground-dwellers and wanderers, not building a web. They mostly prefer dry habitats and many  retreat . This parmitaria .Justification for threats: Unknown threats.Threat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatThreat type: PastThreats: 12. Other options - Other threatUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution in more detail and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.2. Research - Population size, distribution & trends1.3. Research - Life history & ecology1.5. Research - ThreatsJustification for research needed: Basic research is needed to know the current distribution in more detail and population size and trends, ecology and traits of the species, along with possible threats.HuntiadeepensisScientific name: Species authority: Gray & Thompson, 2001AnimaliaKingdom: ArthropodaPhylum: ArachnidaClass: AraneaeOrder: ZoropsidaeFamily: Region for assessment: GlobalBiogeographic realm: AustralasianCountries: AustraliaMap of records (Google Earth): Suppl. material 50Basis of EOO and AOO: Species Distribution ModelBasis (narrative): Given the relatively high number of records , it was Min Elevation/Depth (m): 0Max Elevation/Depth (m): 250Range description: This species has been recorded from Australia only, the latest dates from 1990 .EOO (km2): 2697Trend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Inferred from possible habitat loss due to the increase of frequency of forest fires.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Inferred from possible habitat loss due to the increase of frequency of forest fires.Causes ceased?: NoCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoAOO (km2): 1788Number of locations: UnknownTrend: UnknownExtreme fluctuations?: UnknownTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Inferred from possible habitat loss due to the increase of frequency of forest fires.Causes ceased?: YesCauses understood?: YesCauses reversible?: YesExtreme fluctuations?: NoTrend: Decline (inferred)Justification for trend: Inferred from possible habitat loss due to the increase of frequency of forest fires.Extreme fluctuations?: NoSevere fragmentation?: NoSystem: TerrestrialHabitat specialist: UnknownHabitat (narrative): This cribbelate species of hunting spider is found in forest and woodland habitats in south-western Australia . SpecimeTrend in extent, area or quality?: Decline (estimated)Justification for trend: The area of available habitat is estimated to be declining due to increasing frequency of forest fires in the region.Habitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby VegetationHabitat importance: Major ImportanceHabitats: 1.5. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Dry3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby VegetationSize: 9.17-9.69 mmGeneration length (yr): 1Dependency of single sp?: UnknownZoropsidae are large, agile wandering spiders that resemble Lycosids or wolf spiders though they have a different eye arrangement. Zoropsids have been found amongst the leaf litter in rainforests and under stones in Australia (Huntiadeepensis is largely unknown.Ecology and traits (narrative): Members of the family ustralia . The ecoJustification for threats: From 50,000 to over 150,000 fires have been reported between 2012 and 2017 for Western Australia . This maThreat type: OngoingThreats: 7.1.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensityThreat type: OngoingThreats: 7.1.1. Natural system modifications - Fire & fire suppression - Increase in fire frequency/intensityJustification for conservation actions: At least part of the range of this species is within protected areas, namely D'Entrecasteaux and West Cape Howe National Parks in Western Australia .Conservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionConservation action type: In PlaceConservation actions: 1.1. Land/water protection - Site/area protection1.2. Land/water protection - Resource & habitat protectionUse type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.3. Research - Life history & ecology3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm the current population and habitat trends. Also more data on the ecology and traits of this species is required to assess its sensitivity to forest fires.Use type: InternationalUse and trade: 18. UnknownEcosystem service type: Very importantResearch needed: 1.3. Research - Life history & ecology3.1. Monitoring - Population trends3.4. Monitoring - Habitat trendsJustification for research needed: Monitoring is needed to confirm the current population and habitat trends. Also more data on the ecology and traits of this species is required to assess its sensitivity to forest fires.Salticidae, 31 species), orb-weavers , crab spiders , wolf spiders , ground spiders  and sheet weavers or money spiders . These broadly correspond to the families with more described species to date  and the Palearctic (47 species) were the most represented biogeographical realms Fig. . The OceNephilingiscruentata  (Nephilidae), Tisoaestivus  (Linyphiidae) and Ceratinellabrunnea Emerton, 1882 (Linyphiidae) were the most widespread species, all with an estimated EOO above 30 million km2 or AOO above 20 million km2. At the other end of the spectrum, Sesatosetosa Saaristo, 2006 , Cataxiabolganupensis   and Zelotesmulanjensis FitzPatrick, 2007  all had an EOO and AOO below 300 km2. In addition, there is uncertainty if Galeosomarobertsi Hewitt, 1916  was driven to extinction during the 20th century. Of these, we could find evidence of decline in EOO or AOO for all species but setosa. C. bolganupensis, Z. mulanjensis and G. robertsiS.  were under severe threat from habitat destruction from wildfires, deforestation and urbanisation, respectively. For 118 of the species in our study, it was not possible to estimate the Extent of Occurrence or Area of Occupancy due to the scarcity of reliable data  are important threats to some taxa as well. Yet, these threats are for known and assessed species, the vast majority of taxa lacking data on their threats . Even baWe hypothesise that there should be a higher proportion of threatened species amongst the Data Deficient or undescribed species than amongst those with reasonable information available. This hypothesis is based on two reasons. First, the scarcity of information on many species is often partly due to their rarity. These rare species are harder to collect and hence have a higher probability of remaining undescribed or unrecorded for longer periods or lacking data for their assessment. Exceptions might occur in relatively well-known areas, where rare species are specifically targeted and often better known than common ones. Second, widespread species are often the only ones for which an assessment may be conducted as they are assumed to have stable populations, creating a bias in the dataset towards a large proportion of non-threatened species. This means that a random sample of species, such as the approach followed herein and recognised by the SRLI , might nby 2020 the extinction of known threatened species has been prevented and their conservation status, particularly of those most in decline, has been improved and sustained\u201d. Yet, if we do not have extinction risk information for the vast majority of species, even if only for the fraction described to date, it is impossible to know how close we are to such a target. This research revealed important information about global trends on the threat status of spider species. However, it also revealed how much we still need to discover to even begin to be able to provide any definitive answers on the threat status of spiders at a global level.The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in Aichi, Japan, declared 2010\u20132020 as the decade of biodiversity. Twenty biodiversity targets were set to be met by the year 2020 . AmongstDiscussionSupplementary material 1Dictisdenticulata Dankittipakul & Singtripop, 2010Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173342.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 2Scytodescogu Brescovit & Rheims, 2001Distribution of Data type: DistirbutionFile: oo_173345.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 3Selenopscandidus Muma, 1953Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173346.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 4Selenopsshevaroyensis Gravely, 1931Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173347.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 5Loxoscelesdevia Gertsch & Mulaik, 1940Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173348.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 6Heteropodajiangxiensis Li, 1991Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173349.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 7Isopedaechuca Hirts, 1992Distirbution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173350.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 8Pseudopodaparvipunctata J\u00e4ger, 2001Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173340.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 9Sinopodasitkao J\u00e4ger, 2012Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173351.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 10Tetrablemmabrevidens Tong & Li, 2008Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173352.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 11Chrysometalepida Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173364.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 12Cyrtognathapachygnathoides Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203766.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 13Brachionopustristis Purcell, 1903Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173372.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 14Cardiopelmamascatum Vol, 1999Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173373.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 15Cyriopagopusvonwirthi Schmidt, 2005Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173374.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 16Eupalaestruslarae Ferretti & Barneche, 2012Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_222731.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 17Phormictopusplatus Chamberlin, 1917Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_222730.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 18Plesiopelmamyodes Pocock, 1901Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173378.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 19Poecilotheriasubfusca Pocock, 1895Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173379.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 20Dipoeanaappalachia Levi, 1953Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173383.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 21Lasaeolaconvexa Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173388.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 22Sesatosetosa Saaristo, 2006Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173390.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 23Steatodaxerophila Levy & Amitai, 1982Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173391.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 24Theridionmiserum Thorell, 1898Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_207834.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 25Theridionxiangfengense Zhu & Song, 1992Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173394.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 26Thymoitespictipes Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173395.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 27Thymoitesverus Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173397.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 28Ogulniusinfumatus Simon, 1897Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173398.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 29Theridiosomaconcolor Keyserling, 1884Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173399.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 30Bomisbengalensis Tikader, 1962Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173400.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 31Epicadustrituberculatus Taczanowski, 1872Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173401.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 32Misumenapicta Franganillo, 1926Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173402.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 33Misumenoidesgwarighatensis Gajbe, 2004Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173403.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 34Misumenopsguianensis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173404.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 35Misumenopsignobilis Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173405.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 36Oxytategreenae Distribution of Data type: DistibutionFile: oo_173406.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 37Ozyptilaconspurcata Thorell, 1877Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173407.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 38Ozyptilahardyi Gertsch, 1953Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173408.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 39Stephanopisyulensis Thorell, 1881Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173409.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 40Synemaadjunctum O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1891Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203769.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 41Synemahildebrandti Dahl, 1907Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173411.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 42Thomisuslitoris Strand, 1913Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173412.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 43Tmarusperuvianus Berland, 1913Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173413.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 44Xysticuskalandadzei Mcheidze & Utochkin, 1971Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_222729.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 45Xysticustristrami Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_203771.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 46Longritarastellata Platnick, 2002Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173416.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 47Cavasteronguttulatum Baehr & Jocqu\u00e9, 2000Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173417.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 48Storenagujaratensis Tikader & Patel, 1975Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173418.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 49Zodarionsytchevskajae Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173419.kmlCardoso, P.Supplementary material 50Huntiadeepensis Gray & Thompson, 2001Distribution of Data type: DistributionFile: oo_173420.kmlCardoso, P."}
{"text": "The correct names are: Minh Duc Pham, Van Hoang Pham and Thang Chien Nguyen. The correct citation is: Pham MD, Byrkit M, Pham VH, Pham T, Nguyen TC (2013) Improving Pharmacy Staff Knowledge and Practice on Childhood Diarrhea Management in Vietnam: Are Educational Interventions Effective? PLoS ONE 8(10): e74882."}
{"text": "Management of patients with an advance decision and suicidal behaviour: a systematic review.\u00a0BMJ Open 2019;9:e023978. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023978Nowland R, Steeg S, Quinlivan LM, This article was previously published with an error.In second affiliation, NHIR should be NIHR. The correct affiliation number 2 is:NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, University of Manchester, UK"}
{"text": "AbstractGracixalus, Gracixalusyunnanensissp. n., is described based on a series of specimens collected from southwestern and southern Yunnan, China. This species is distinguished from all other known congeners by a combination of the following characters: relatively small body size in adult males (SVL 26.0\u201334.2 mm); dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown; distinctive conical asperities on dorsum; males with an external subgular vocal sac and linea masculina; throat, chest, and belly nearly immaculate; venter surface orangish with yellow spots, semi-transparent; snout rounded; supratympanic fold distinct; iris bronze; lack of white patch on temporal region; tibiotarsal projection absent; sides of body nearly smooth with no black blotch; finger webbing rudimentary; and toe webbing formula I1.5\u20132II1.5\u20132.7III.5\u20133IV2.5\u20131.5V. Genetically, the new species diverges from its congeners by 2.2%\u201314.1% (uncorrected p-distance) and is closest to G.guangdongensis. However, the new species can morphologically be separated from G.guangdongensis by distinctive conical tubercles on dorsum (versus absent), lateral surface nearly smooth with no black blotches on ventrolateral region , snout rounded (versus triangularly pointed), iris bronze (versus iris brown), and ventral surface orangish (versus throat and chest creamy white and belly light brown).A new species of the genus  Gracixalus Delorme, Dubois, Grosjean & Ohler, 2005 is known from southern and southwestern China, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, and Myanmar and contains 16 species including G.ananjevae , G.carinensis , G.gracilipes , G.guangdongensis Wang, Zeng, Liu & Wang, 2018, G.jinggangensis Zeng, Zhao, Chen, Chen, Zhang & Wang, 2017, G.jinxiuensis , G.nonggangensis Mo, Zhang, Luo, Zhou & Chen, 2013, G.quangi, Rowley, Dau, Nguyen, Cao & Nguyen, 2011, G.quyeti , G.sapaensis Matsui, Ohler, Eto & Nguyen, 2017, G.seesom Matsui, Khonsue, Panha & Eto, 2015, G.supercornutus , G.tianlinensis Chen, Bei, Liao, Zhou & Mo, 2018, and G.waza Nguyen, Le, Pham, Nguyen, Bonkowski & Ziegler, 2013  and outer (third and fourth) fingers non-opposable, and an inversed Y-shaped dark brown marking on dorsum , Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangxi Normal University (GXNU).Specimens were collected during fieldworks in Menghai County, Lancang County, and Lvchun County of Yunnan, China in 2014 to 2018 ;HL head length (from tip of snout to rear of jaws);HW head width (width of head at its widest point);SL snout length (from tip of snout to anterior border of eye);IND internarial distance (distance between nares);IOD interorbital distance (minimum distance between upper eyelids);UEW upper eyelid width (maximum width of upper eyelid);ED eye diameter ;TD tympanum diameter;FHL forearm and hand length (from elbow to tip of third finger);THL thigh length (from vent to knee);TL tibia length (distance from knee to heel);FL foot length ;TFL length of foot and tarsus .Gracixalus species were taken from their original descriptions or re-descriptions  were selected as outgroups according to Total genomic DNA was extracted from liver tissues. Tissue samples were digested using proteinase K, and subsequently purified following a standard phenol/chloroform isolation and ethanol precipitation. A fragment encoding partial 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced following AICc) in jMODELTEST version 2.1.10  was performed in MRBAYES version 3.2.6 (BPPs). Secondly, maximum likelihood (ML) analysis was conducted in RAXML-HPC version 8.2.10  that were sequenced by previous studies  with weak support  to 14.1% (G.lumarius) , Nghe An (AMS R173454) and Lao Cai  of Vietnam, and Jinping of Yunnan , lateral surfaces nearly smooth with no black blotches on ventrolateral region , snout rounded (versus triangularly pointed), iris bronze (versus iris brown), and ventral surface orangish (versus throat and chest creamy white and belly light brown). These specimens also differ from other members of Gracixalus in a series of characters. Herein we describe these specimens as a new species.Morphologically, these newly collected specimens can be distinguished from Taxon classificationAnimaliaAnuraRhacophoridaehttp://zoobank.org/1D19A62E-B4B2-4EDA-975D-4DCFD58DEDADHolotype.KIZ 20160222, an adult male, collected at 21:05 on 1 June 2017 by Hong Hui from Xuelin Township, Lancang County, Yunnan Province, China .Paratypes. Seven adult males: KIZ 20160223 collected at 21:05 on 1 June 2017 by Hong Hui from the type locality; KIZ 20160216 collected at 21:00 on 7 June 2014 by Hong Hui from Bada Township, Menghai County, Yunnan Province, China ; KIZ 20160226 collected at 21:50 on 27 May 2017 by Hong Hui from Fudong Township, Lancang County, Yunnan Province, China ; KIZ 20160228\u201320160230 collected at 21:40\u201322:15 on 10 June 2017 by Hong Hui from Fazhanhe Township, Lancang County, Yunnan Province, China ; and GXNU YU000060 collected at 21:00 on 7 June 2018 by Jian Wang from Mt. Huanglian, Lvchun County, Yunnan Province, China .yunnanensis refers to the distribution of this species in China, Yunnan Province.The specific epithet Gracixalus based upon molecular data and the following morphological characters: the presence of intercalary cartilage between terminal and penultimate phalanges of digits, tips of digits enlarged to discs bearing circummarginal grooves, vomerine teeth absent, inner (first and second) and outer (third and fourth) fingers non-opposable, and an inversed Y-shaped dark brown marking on dorsum  dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown; 3) distinctive conical tubercles on dorsum; 4) males with an external subgular vocal sac; 5) throat granular; 6) finger webbing rudimentary; 7) linea masculina, a band of connective tissue between the rectus abdominus muscle and oblique abdominus muscle, present in males; 8) tibiotarsal articulation reaching eye; 9) snout rounded; 10) white patch absent on temporal region; 11) tibiotarsal projection absent; 12) supratympanic fold distinct; 13) ventral surface orangish, nearly immaculate, and semi-transparent; 14) nuptial pads present on finger I; 15) heels overlapping when legs at right angle to body; 16) iris bronze; and 17) body sides nearly smooth with no black blotch.The new species is assigned to genus n dorsum . The newSVL 29.7 mm); head wider (HW 10.9 mm) than long (HL 9.5 mm); snout rounded, slightly projecting beyond margin of lower jaw in ventral view, rounded in profile; canthus rostralis rounded; loreal region oblique, slightly concave; nostril oval, protuberant, closer to tip of snout than eye; IND (2.9 mm) slightly narrower than IOD (3.0 mm) and wider than UEW (2.5 mm); eye large, horizontal diameter (ED 4.2 mm) equal to snout length (SL 4.2 mm); pupil oval, horizontal; pineal ocellus absent; tympanum distinct, diameter (TD 1.5 mm) smaller than half of ED; supratympanic fold distinct, extending from posterior corner of eye to above insertion of arm; vomerine teeth absent; tongue notched posteriorly; a pair of vocal sac slits on floor of mouth at both corners; an external subgular vocal sac.Adult male (FHL 14.1 mm) 47% of SVL; relative length of fingers I < II < IV < III; tips of all fingers expanded into discs with circummarginal grooves; disc of third finger large, slightly wider than tympanum; nuptial pads present on base of finger I; webbing between fingers rudimentary; subarticular tubercles prominent, rounded, single, formula 1, 1, 2, 2; supernumerary tubercles present; an inner metacarpal tubercle, oval; one outer metacarpal tubercle, rounded.Forelimb relatively robust; length of forearm and hand  is yellow brown, and dorsal ground color of remaining paratypes  is red brown. Ventral surface of all specimens is nearly immaculate with the exception of paratype GXNU YU000060, which has dark marbling on throat, chest, and belly . No eggs and tadpoles were found.In China, the new species is known from Yunnan . In addition, the new species also occurs in Laos (Houapan) and Vietnam (Lao Cai and Nghe An) because our molecular analyses revealed that samples from Houapan KUHE 32453), Lao Cai , and Nghe An (AMS R173454) that were sequenced by previous studies also belong to the new species , sides of body smooth (versus coarsely granular), skin of throat granular (versus plain), and snout rounded (versus slightly pointed); from G.carinensis by having smaller body size in males (SVL 26.0\u201334.2 mm versus 30.2\u201338.1 mm), having distinctive conical tubercles on dorsum (versus absent), having an external vocal sac in males , ventral surface orangish (versus white), and less developed toe webbing , distinctive conical tubercles present on dorsum (versus absent), dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown (versus greenish), males with an external vocal sac , throat granular (versus smooth), finger webbing rudimentary (versus absent), tibiotarsal articulation reaching to eye (versus reaching to between eye and nostril), snout rounded (versus triangular pointed), white patch absent on temporal region (versus present), tibiotarsal projection absent (versus present), and iris bronze (versus brown); and from G.guangdongensis by having distinctive conical tubercles on dorsum (versus absent), dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown (versus brown), flanks nearly smooth with no black blotches on ventrolateral region , snout rounded (versus triangularly pointed), ventral surface orangish (versus throat and chest creamy white and belly light brown), and iris bronze (versus iris brown).A summary of morphological comparisons presents in Table ing Fig. ; from G.Gracixalusyunnanensis sp. n. differs from G.jinggangensis by having distinctive conical tubercles on dorsum (versus absent), flanks nearly smooth (versus rough with tubercles), snout rounded (versus triangularly pointed), ventral surface orangish and immaculate , nuptial pads present only on finger I , heels overlapping when hindlimbs held at right angles to the body (versus just meeting), and iris bronze (versus iris golden); from G.jinxiuensis by larger body size in males (SVL 26.0\u201334.2 mm versus 23.5\u201326.3 mm), males with an external vocal sac , flanks nearly smooth (versus rough with tubercles), linea masculina present (versus absent), ventral surface orangish and immaculate , and sole of feet and palms smooth (versus rough with dense large tubercles); and from G.lumarius by smaller body size in males (SVL 26.0\u201334.2 mm versus 38.9\u201341.6 mm), dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown (versus yellow), and venter orangish and semi-transparent (versus venter opaque pink), supratympanic fold distinct (versus indistinct), and iris bronze (versus dark gold).Gracixalusyunnanensis sp. n. can be distinguished from G.medogensis by having distinctive conical tubercles on dorsum (versus absent), dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown (versus grass green), males with an external vocal sac , finger webbing rudimentary (versus absent), and venter orangish ; from G.nonggangensis by having conical tubercles on dorsum (versus absent), dorsum yellow brown or red brown with a dark brown marking (versus yellowish-olive with a dark-green marking), males with an external vocal sac , flanks smooth (versus rough with tubercles), finger webbing rudimentary (versus absent), linea masculina present in males (versus absent), tibiotarsal articulation reaching to eye (versus reaching to tip of snout), ventral surface immaculate , nuptial pads present on finger I (versus absent), and iris bronze (versus olive); from G.quangi by having bigger body size in males (SVL 26.0\u201334.2 mm versus < 25 mm), dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown (versus olive-green), black spots absent on flanks and ventral surface of thighs (versus present), throat granular (versus smooth), finger webbing rudimentary (versus absent), snout rounded (versus triangular pointed), white patch absent on temporal region (versus present), tibiotarsal projection absent (versus present), and ventral surface orangish ; and from G.quyeti by dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown (versus brownish to moss-green), flanks nearly smooth (versus rough with sharp tubercles), throat granular (versus smooth), tibiotarsal articulation reaching to eye (versus reaching to snout), supratympanic fold distinct (versus indistinct), and throat and chest immaculate .Gracixalusyunnanensis sp. n. differs from G.sapaensis by having distinctive conical tubercles on dorsum (versus absent) and sides of body nearly smooth (versus coarsely scattered with large round tubercles); from G.seesom by bigger body size in males (SVL 26.0\u201334.2 mm versus 21.6\u201323.0 mm), conical tubercles present on dorsum (versus absent), dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown (versus tan), flanks nearly smooth with no white blotches (versus flanks with large tubercles and white blotches), throat granular (versus smooth), snout rounded (versus triangular pointed), nuptial pads present on finger I (versus absent), and iris bronze (versus golden); and from G.supercornutus by bigger body size in males (SVL 26.0\u201334.2 mm versus 22.0\u201324.1 mm), conical tubercles on dorsum small , dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown (versus greenish), snout rounded (versus triangular pointed), white patch absent on temporal region (versus present), and tibiotarsal projection absent (versus present).G.tianlinensis by smaller body size in males (SVL 26.0\u201334.2 mm versus 30.3\u201335.9 mm), distinctive conical tubercles present on dorsum (versus absent), dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown (versus brown to beige), finger webbing rudimentary (versus absent), ventral surface orangish, immaculate, and semi-transparent , and nuptial pads present on finger I (versus on fingers I and II); and from G.waza by having distinctive conical tubercles on dorsum (versus absent), dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown (versus greyish-green to moss-green), throat granular (versus smooth), finger webbing rudimentary (versus absent), and ventral surface immaculate (versus throat and chest with dark marbling).The new species can be distinguished from G.yunnanensis sp. n. only diverges from G.guangdongensis by a distance of 2.2%, it can be morphologically separated from G.guangdongensis by a series of characters including distinctive conical tubercles on dorsum (versus absent), dorsal surface yellow brown or red brown (versus brown), flanks nearly smooth with no black blotches on ventrolateral region , snout rounded (versus triangularly pointed), ventral surface orangish (versus throat and chest creamy white and belly light brown), and iris bronze (versus iris brown)  Table . In addin) Table , whereasina Fig. , althougort Figs . TherefoG.yunnanensis sp. n. was once confused with G.jinxiuensis in that the Jinping specimen (KIZ 060821126), Houapan specimen (KUHE 32453), Nghe An specimen (AMS R173454), and Lao Cai specimens  were originally identified as G.jinxiuensis by Yu et al. (2008), G.jinxiuensis by having bigger body size, an external vocal sac, and linea masculina in males , one consisting of G.seesom, G.quyeti, G.quangi, G.supercornutus, and G.gracilipes (Clade II), and one consisting of all other species (Clade III)  belongs to G.ananjevae or not. We found that they are sister to each other with strong support values  Figs , 3. This"}
{"text": "MWASTools is an R package designed to provide an integrated pipeline to analyse metabonomic data in large-scale epidemiological studies. Key functionalities of our package include: quality control analysis; metabolome-wide association analysis using various models ; visualization of statistical outcomes; metabolite assignment using statistical total correlation spectroscopy (STOCSY); and biological interpretation of metabolome-wide association studies results.https://bioconductor.org/packages/MWASTools/.The MWASTools R package is implemented in R (version\u2009\u2009>\u2009=3.4) and is available from Bioconductor: Bioinformatics online. Owing to sustained developments in high-throughput platforms [i.e. nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS)], metabolic phenotyping (metabotyping) is now used for large-scale epidemiological applications such as metabolome-wide association studies (MWAS)  QC analysis; (ii) MWAS analysis; (iii) visualization of MWAS results; (iv) metabolite assignment using correlation analysis. For demonstration purposes, the MWASTools package was used to analyse plasma MWASTools performs essential QC analyses via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and by computing the coefficients of variation (CV) (ratio of standard deviation to the mean) of individual metabolic features across the QC samples . The resP-values are corrected for multiple-testing with several possible methods, such as Benjamini\u2013Hochberg (BH) procedure ] and each metabolic feature (or metabolite). Depending on the nature of data to be modeled, the user can choose among the following association methods: linear/logistic regression or Pearson/Spearman/Kendall correlation. The models can be adjusted for confounder factors, including age, gender or other clinical covariates (e.g. medication). The rocedure . MWASTooP-values (sign adjusted for the direction of the association) are displayed on the y-axis  analysis . In ordeAltogether, the MWASTools R package provides an integrated pipeline with efficient analysis and visualization tools for: (i) performing QC analysis; (ii) conducting robust MWAS analysis with efficient handling of epidemiological confounders; (iii) structural assignment of metabolic features of interest; (iv) biological interpretation of MWAS results. The MWASTools package can be applied to both targeted and untargeted metabonomic datasets, acquired with different analytical platforms. The open nature of R allows for integration of MWASTools with other packages for the analysis of metabonomic data.This work was supported by Medical Research Council Doctoral Training Centre scholarship (MR/K501281/1), Imperial College scholarship (EP/M506345/1), La Caixa studentship to A.R.M.; FCT(BD/52036/2012 to A.L.N.); British Heart Foundation program grant (RG/15/5/31446) to C.E. and E.P.; BHF Chair to CE (CH/15/31199); European Commission (FGENTCARD, LSHG-CT-2006-037683 to D.G., J.K.N. and M.E.D.Conflict of Interest: none declared.Supplementary DataClick here for additional data file."}
{"text": "Acrochordus andadvanced colubroidean snakes that radiated mainly during the Neogene. Althoughcaenophidian snakes are a well-supported clade, their inferred affinities, basedeither on molecular or morphological data, remain poorly known or controversial.Here, we provide an expanded molecular phylogenetic analysis of Caenophidia anduse three non-parametric measures of support\u2013Shimodaira-Hasegawa-Like test(SHL), Felsentein (FBP) and transfer (TBE) bootstrap measures\u2013to evaluate therobustness of each clade in the molecular tree. That very different alternativesupport values are common suggests that results based on only one support valueshould be viewed with caution. Using a scheme to combine support values, we find20.9% of the 1265 clades comprising the inferred caenophidian tree areunambiguously supported by both SHL and FBP values, while almost 37% areunsupported or ambiguously supported, revealing the substantial extent ofphylogenetic problems within Caenophidia. Combined FBP/TBE support values showsimilar results, while SHL/TBE result in slightly higher combined values. Weconsider key morphological attributes of colubroidean cranial, vertebral andhemipenial anatomy and provide additional morphological evidence supporting theclades Colubroides, Colubriformes, and Endoglyptodonta. We review and revise therelevant caenophidian fossil record and provide a time-calibrated tree derivedfrom our molecular data to discuss the main cladogenetic events that resulted inpresent-day patterns of caenophidian diversification. Our results suggest thatall extant families of Colubroidea and Elapoidea composing the present-dayendoglyptodont fauna originated rapidly within the early Oligocene\u2013betweenapproximately 33 and 28 Mya\u2013following the major terrestrial faunal turnoverknown as the \u201cGrande Coupure\u201d and associated with the overall climate shift atthe Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Our results further suggest that the caenophidianradiation originated within the Caenozoic, with the divergence betweenColubroides and Acrochordidae occurring in the early Eocene, at ~ 56 Mya.Caenophidian snakes include the file snake genus  Determining the phylogenetic affinities within snakes was viewed by manyherpetologists in the past as an insurmountable challenge. Underwood  expresseMolecular phylogenies ultimately provided strong support for the monophyly ofCaenophidia, and further corroborated more controversial morphological hypotheses,such as the polyphyly of solenoglyphous  and protThree large-scale molecular phylogenies of snakes were published recently ,27,28. HLarge-sample comparative morphological studies are often difficult to achieve due tothe need for destructive investigative procedures on limited museum specimens and bythe lack of comprehensive taxonomic coverage in skeletal collections all over theworld. Morphological information on caenophidian snake anatomy is still very limitedcompared to the diversity within the group, with only a few detailed analyses oflarger clades being available in the literature and mainly focused on the cranialand hemipenial complexes ,29. A noThe paleontological record for caenophidian snakes is largely biased towardsdisarticulated postcranial  materials ,32. AlthHere, we provide an expanded molecular phylogenetic tree of Caenophidia, highlightingstrongly and weakly supported hypotheses of relationships that need furtherinvestigation. We evaluate alternatively three non-parametric supportvalues\u2013Shimodaira-Hasegawa-Like test (SHL), Felsentein bootstrap proportions (FBP),and transfer bootstrap expectation metrics (TBE)\u2013and combine two of these (FBP andSHL) to give a seven-category classification of the robustness of clades in themolecular tree . ContradCyclocorus and Oxyrhabdium, which alongwith Hologerrhum and Myersophis, wereretrieved in their analysis as a well-supported elapoid clade of endemicPhilippine snakes. Weinell and Brown . En. EnXylopl bodies  [23].Causus and Azemiops.Causus retains an insipient articular facet thatprobably evolved independently from higher endoglyptodonts [Causus,Atheris retains a simple contact between theseptomaxillae and frontals [Oxyrhabdium, the atractaspididsMacrelaps, Aparallactus andAtractaspis, the lamprophiidsChamaelycus and Lycophidion, thenatricids Atretium and Aspidura, and thecalamariids Macrocalamus and Oreocalamus and Weinell and Brown [Cyclocorus and Oxyrhabdium as twounrelated elapoid lineages with uncertain affinities, while the molecularanalysis of Weinell and Brown [Hologerrhum and Myersophis in awell-supported, entirely endemic elapoid clade of Philippine snakes. Weinelland Brown [Cyclocorus and Oxyrhabdium. Althoughmonophyly of cyclocorids seems to be now well established, theirsister-group relationship within Elapoidea remains unresolved and in need offurther investigation [Recently, Weinell and Brown  resolvedn et al. , and itsn et al. ,23,26.Cnd Brown . Howevernd Brown  retrievend Brown accommodtigation .Buhoma,Micrelaps, Psammodynastes, andOreocalamus remain as rogue taxa in all recentmolecular analyses , have lobes ornamented by distinct diminute spinulesthat are often densely packed . Both Gongylosoma andLiopeltis have been referred to the family Colubridaerecently (ex Colubrinae) without further clarification [Gongylosoma balioderum andLiopeltis frenatus . However, they are strikingly distinct from eachother and do not offer a clue about their close affinities.Cyclocorus has an extremely long and narrow, unilobedhemipenis that lacks any specialized ornamentation, being sparcely coveredby spinules and retaining a single sulcus spermaticus. In contrast,Oxyrhabdium modestum has deeply bilobed hemipenes, witha centrolineal sulcus spermaticus, and is covered by uniform and sparcelydistributed small spines. Cyclocorus lineatus has a typicalcolubriformes precloacal vertebral morphology, with well-developedhypapophyses, laterally tapering prezygapophyseal processes, a low uniformlythin, blade-like neural spine that reaches the zygosphenal tectum, distinctpara- and diapophyseal articular facets projecting ventro-laterally, roundcondyle, and well-defined cotylar ventrolateral processes. The presence ofexpanded blade-like hypapophyses conforms with the generalized elapoidmorphotype. Vertebrae of Oxyrhabdium modestum were notavailable for study.nd Brown  clarifieOreocalamus\u2014We provide the first assessment ofthe skull and hemipenis of this genus. Oreocalamus has apeculiar hemipenis that ressembles the organ of Calamariain its overall morphology, with a pair of short, but deeply bilobed androunded lobes ornamented by symmetrically disposed calyces, centrifugalsulcus spermaticus, and spineless (mostly nude) hemipenial body. However, itdiffers from Calamaria by the presence of a large pair ofpockets on the asulcate surface of the hemipenial body and deeply definedcapitular grooves at the base of the lobes (lobes are bicapitulated). BothOreocalamus and Calamaria havetypically colubroid vertebral morphologies with an elongate centrum thatlacks hypapophyses  [Nebraskophis from the upper Eocene of HardieMine, USA (34.2 Mya) [Vectophis wardiand Headonophis harrisoni from the upper Eocene of the Isleof Wight, England (33.9 Mya) [Our time calibrated tree places the divergence of stem-colubroideans at ~ 56Mya, near the Paleocene/Eocene boundary, while stem-colubriforms diverged at~ 53 Mya within the Ypresian . Early fs sahnii  from thes sahnii ,71,72.Ts sahnii ; an unnas sahnii ; Renenut(37 Mya) ; a verte4.2 Mya) ; and an 4.2 Mya) . Because3.9 Mya) ,173 retaRenenutet enmerwer in the Upper Eocene of Egypt[Molecular evidence supports an early Paleogene divergence of colubroideans inAsia ,134, butof Egypt along wiof Egypt,indicatof Egypt. In thatof Egypt, whicheof Egypt. HoweverColuber cadurci [The early Oligocene was marked by a much cooler and more temperate global climatethan the warm \"greenhouse\" conditions that characterized most of the Cretaceousand early Cenozoic ,177. The cadurci ,110,109. cadurci ,178,179.Thaumastophis missiaeni approaches the xenodermidvertebral morphology in having vertically oriented blade-like prezygapophysealaccessory processes and a lightly built and elongate vertebral morphology [Among \u201cbasal\u201d colubroidean lineages estimated to have diverged within the Eocene, theXenrphology . Howeverrphology . The lacrphology ,180\u2013183.Provipera boettgeri, describedby Kinkelin [Although viperids are abundant in the fossil record, most are confined to theNeogene, consist of isolated vertebrae, and are assigned to extant taxa,89. The Kinkelin based onKinkelin for the Kinkelin  and NortKinkelin ,early oKinkelin , and midKinkelin . The firKinkelin  from theKinkelin ,85 proviKinkelin ,85, as sOur time calibrated tree suggests that the origin of crown-Viperidae occurredin the early Oligocene, at ~ 30.7 Mya, while the basal split betweenviperine and causine subfamilies on the one hand, and crotaline andazemiopine subfamilies, on the other hand, occurred within the lateOligocene, at approximately 26 and 25 Mya, respectively . As suchDuberria also exhibits a similar condition, being theonly known pseudoxyrhophiid snake so far that lacks hemapophyses but retainsa well-developed hemal keel. Although Duberria's caudalmorphology ressembles the caudal vertebra described by McCartney et al.[Within Elapoidea, only the Elapidae and, possibly, Pseudoxyrhophiidae have afossil record ,32,94.TLaticauda. However, these authors refrain in allocatingit to the latter genus given the limited information afforded by oneisolated vertebra.The oldest record of an Australian elapid consists of a vertebra attributedto a hydrophiine found in sediments of Riversleigh dated from the upperOligocene or lower Miocene (24\u201323 Mya) . AccordiNaja. This genus is also recorded in the middle Mioceneof northern Africa . Elapidya; MN70 ,191). Th70 [Naja ,190,192.Micrurus [Micrurus sp.and Micrurus gallicus, respectively. Referral to the familyElapidae is based on having a low and recurved hypapophysis, a lowanteroposteriorly elongated neural spine, and a poorly vaulted neural arch.However, these characters may correlate well with fossorial habits [Micrurus is questionable. No compellingevidence distinguishes the vertebral morphology of Micrurusfrom other Asian and Neotropical coral snake genera. According to Rage andHolman [Micrurus from the Miocene of Nebraska(USA) and la Grive (France) are comparable to extant Micrurusfulvius, and thus should be referred to this genus. Ourobservations of the vertebral morphology of South AmericanMicrurus shows a very distinctive morphology from thatof Micrurus fulvius, suggesting that the vertebralmorphology of the genus is much more diverse than previously thought. Adetailed description of the vertebral morphology of speciose New WorldMicrurus and its closely related North American andAsiatic genera Micruroides, Leptomicrurus,Calliophis, and Sinomicrurus isnecessary to confidently support the assignment of these Miocene records toany known extant genus, and especially to Micrurus.Isolated posterior trunk vertebrae from the middle Miocene of North America(upper Barstovian) and Europe  were assigned to extantMicrurus , as Micrl habits , and, thdHolman , the fewSub-Saharan elapids from the end of the Paleogene raise doubts about thewell-accepted hypothesis of an Asian origin for the group ,22,103. Our time calibrated tree suggests an early divergence of stem-elapids withinthe early Oligocene at ~ 30.5 Mya, with the main crown-Elapidae lineagesdiversifying during the late Oligocene at ~ 26.5 Mya ; S4Fig.Naja is also well documented [Micrurus in the Miocene of France isquestionable due to the absence of vertebral diagnostic features thatdistinguish members of this genus from the Asiatic coral snake radiation.Its record in the Miocene of North America also needs further corroborationsince Holman [Micrurus(M. fulvius and M.affinis) and Micruroides euryxanthusfor comparison.Apart from the uncertainties involving the debate on an Asian or Africanorigin, it has been commonly thought that the family dispersed to the WestPaleartic, Australian (via Melanesia), and Neartic/Neotropical (via theBering strait) regions independently ,183,194.cumented ,190\u2013192.e Holman used onlOur time calibrated tree places the early divergence of stem-hydrophiines at~ 23 Mya, at the Oligocene\u2013Miocene boundary, and the ancestor of the NewWorld radiation of coral snakes (stem-micrurines) diverged from the OldWorld coral snakes at ~ 21 Mya in the early Miocene. These results supportthe hypotheses of a late Oligocene over-sea dispersal and colonization ofthe Australian continent by the ancestor of hydrophiines  and earlThe fossil record of Colubroidea is much more extensive than that of elapoidsbut is mostly confined to the Neogene. Their vertebral morphology remainspoorly known, and an accurate evaluation of the fossils assigned to thissuperfamily or to specific colubroid families remains far from beingresolved. Pseudoxenodontids, calamariids, sibynophiids, and grayiids havenot been recorded so far in the fossil record. In contrast, \u201ccolubrid\u201d andnatricid fossils are abundant and have been recorded throughout the Neogeneof North America and Europe ,175,179.Although Miocene and Pliocene records of colubroids are straightforward,Paleogene records are more elusive and most of them are of uncertainassignment. Here we follow Smith  in assigColuber cadurcifrom the Phosphorites of Quercy .Colubrid precloacal vertebrae can be distinguished from all othercolubroidean family by the presence of the following combination of derivedfeatures: an elongated centrum, long prezygapophyseal accessory processes,distinct epizygapophyseal spines, and an uniformly narrow haemal keel(lacking hypapophyses). Slightly younger records of putative natricids fromthe Phosphorites of Quercy are difficult to allocate due to theirfragmentary condition and their overall similarities with the vertebralmorphology of several extant elapoid families. Holman [The divergence between Colubroidea and Elapoidea in our time calibrated treeis estimated at ~ 36 Mya, lying close to the boundary between the Eocene andOligocene  andin a. Holman  and Szyn. Holman  detailedThe traditional meaning of the superfamily Colubroidea ,26,26,28Procerophis sahni\u2013is here placed as a calibration pointfor the early divergence between colubriformes and xenodermids instead of thetraditional divergence between xenodermids and acrochordids). By reviewing andreinterpreting the relevant fossil record, our treePL analysis was able to highlightpreviously unnoticed correlation between the early diversification of colubroid andelapoid major lineages and the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Our divergence dates arein general younger than most previous studies Click here for additional data file.S2 TableGraphic illustration for combined clade support values when comparing FBP,SHL, and TBE metrics, classified in seven categories, as follows: 1) Red,unambiguously supported; 2) Orange, robustly supported; 3) blue, stronglysupported; 4) green, moderately supported; 5) dark grey, ambiguouslysupported; 6) dark grey, poorly supported; 7) light grey, unsupported (seetext for discussion).(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S3 TableList of all the terminal taxa and sequences by gene used in the presentstudy, including best partitions, accession numbers of sequences retrievedfrom GenBank and new sequences produced for this study.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S4 TableComparisons between the number of families, genera and species of Colubroidesused in the present study and by Figueroa et al.  (2016).(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S5 TableNumber of species by genus of Colubroides sampled in this study; and a listof all species of Colubroides following Uetz et al. , indicat(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S6 TableList of accession numbers, with genes names, current identification inGenBank, and probable correct identification for questionable and/orproblematic sequences of snakes available in GenBank.(DOC)Click here for additional data file.S7 TableList with rationale for the species recognized in the present study, but notlisted in Uetz et al. .(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S8 TableList with sequences for the pairs of primers used to amplify the genefragments used in the present study.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S9 TableClade support values based on the combination of (A) FBP/SHL, (B) FBP/TBE,(C) and TBE/SHL, classified in seven categories, as follows: red,unambiguous support ; orange, robustsupport ; blue, strong support ; green, moderate support; dark grey, ambiguous support  or poor support ; light grey,unsupported .(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S10 TableList of fossil snakes from the Paleogene and Neogene with authorship,stratigraphic occurrence and locality.(XLSX)Click here for additional data file.S1 FigMaximum likelihood tree of Colubroides containing 1263 terminals. Color ofthe squares follow the categories of combined clade support as described in(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S2 FigData matrix and calibrated tree resulting from the treePL analysis ofColubroides, including the outgroups and containing 1278 terminals (1263Colubroides and 15 outgroups).(TRE)Click here for additional data file.S3 FigMaximum likelihood species-level phylogeny of Colubroides includingcomparisons among values of FBP, SHL, and TBE support metrics. Numbersinside de squares on the nodes of the full tree represent the TBE valuesretrieved.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S4 FigZoomed, large-scale calibrated tree resulting from the treePL analysisshowing the pattern of cladogenic events through time.(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S1 AppendixTropidophis nigriventris (AMNH 81182); Acrochordidae:Acrochordus granulatus (ZMB 9444). Figure B,Xenodermidae: Achalinus spinalis (AMNH 34621),Fimbrios klossi (BMNH 1946.1.15.88). Figure C,Xenodermidae: Xenodermus javanicus (FMNH 158613);Xylophiidae: Xylophis perroteti (BMNH 1955.1.3.10). FigureD, Pareidae: Pareas moellendorffi (AMNH 27770),Apopeltura boa (BMNH 47.12.30). Figure E, Viperidae:Azemiops kharini (ZMB 69985), Bothropsneuwiedi (MZUSP 1476), Causus rhombeatus (FMNH74241), Vipera ursinii (MZUSP 8230). Figure F,Homalopsidae: Bitia hydroides (FMNH 229568),Brachyorrhos albus (FMNH 142322), Enhydrischinensis (AMNH 33870), Fordonia leucobalia(AMNH 107179). Figure G, Homalopsidae: Homalopsis buccata(MNHN 1963.728); Psammophiidae: Malpolon monspessulanus(AMNH 140768), Mimophis mahfalensis (UMMZ 209653). FigureH, Psammophiidae: Psammophylax variabilis (AMNH 73213),Rhamphiophis oxyrhynchus (AMNH 16890),Psammophis phillipsi (AMNH 67750). Figure I,Cyclocoridae: Cyclocorus lineatus (MNHN 1900.413),Oxyrhabdium modestus (FMNH 53386); Atractaspididae:Aparallactus modestus (AMNH 50545). Figure J,Atractaspididae: Atractaspis bibronii (AMNH 82073),Homoroselaps lacteus (LSUMZ 57229), Macrelapsmicrolepidotus (FMNH 205860), Polemon christyi(FMNH 219913). Figure K, Lamprophiidae: Bothrolycus ater(AMNH 11976), Chamaelycus fasciatus (BMNH 1909.4.29.3),Dipsadoboa weileri (AMNH 12472), Lamprophisolivaceus (AMNH 12003). Figure L, Lamprophiidae:Lycodonomorphus rufulus (AMNH 140284),Lycophidion capense (AMNH 63771), Gonionotophiscapensis (AMNH 73208), Pseudoboodonlemniscatus (MNHN 1905.179). Figure M, Pseudoxyrhophiidae:Alluaudina bellyi (UMMZ 201605), Dromicodryasquadrilineatus (UMMZ 209290), Duberria lutrix(UMMZ 154361), Heteroliodon occipitalis (UMMZ 218178).Figure N, Pseudoxyrhophiidae: Ithycyphus miniatus (UMMZ201615), Langaha madagascariensis (UMMZ 218193),Liophidium torquatum (UMMZ 209437),Pseudoxyrhopus tritaeniatus (UMMZ 203649). Figure O,Elapidae: Bungarus caeruleus (AMNH 87483);Calliophis intestinalis (BMNH 1880.9.10.15),Micrurus narduccii (MZUSP 8370), Najanaja (AMNH 86912). Figure P, Elapidae: Notechisscutatus (ZMB 7930), Toxicocalamus loriae(AMNH 95581); Pseudoxenodontidae: Pseudoxenodonstricticaudatus (AMNH 34674). Figure Q, Natricidae:Afronatrix anoscopa (MNHN 1986.1618), Aspiduratrachyprocta (AMNH 120251), Atretiumschistosum (AMNH 85509), Lycognathophisseychellensis (UMMZ 195836). Figure R, Natricidae:Natriciteres fuliginoides (MNHN 1987.1552),Natrix maura (AMNH 115697), Sinonatrixannularis (AMNH 115693), Xenochrophiscerogaster (AMNH 89276). Figure S, Dipsadidae:Apostolepis cf. nelsonjorgei (MZUSP20636), Atractus maculatus (IB 40003), Conophispulcher (AMNH 117934), Contia tenuis (UMMZ133519\u20131). Figure T, Dipsadidae: Farancia abacura (KU214419), Geophis hoffmanni (AMNH 113561), Helicopspastazae (AMNH 49143), Heterodon nasicus (MNHN1993.1625). Figure U, Dipsadidae: Philodryasmattogrossensis (AMNH 141377), Sibon sartorii(LSUMZ 23243), Tachymenis peruviana (KU 135193),Urotheca multilineata (AMNH 98284). Figure V,Dipsadidae: Xenopholis scalaris (AMNH 60799);Sibynophiidae: Scaphiodontophis annulatus (MZUSP 5971),Sibynophis subpunctatus (AMNH 96073). Figure W,Sibynophiidae: Colubroelaps nguyenvansangi (ZISP/IEBR25682). Figure X, Calamariidae: Calamaria gervaisi (AMNH36744), Macrocalamus lateralis (LSUMZ 45407);Oreocalamus hanitschi (BMNH 1929.12.22.106). Figure Y,Grayiidae: Grayia smithii (AMNH 140428); Colubridae:Boiga dendrophila (AMNH 116014), Coluberconstrictor (FMNH 135284). Figure Z, Colubridae:Dendrelaphis papuensis (AMNH 107175), Ptyasmucosus (AMNH 83993), Scaphiophisalbopunctatus (AMNH 104101), Senticolistriaspis (AMNH 110625). Figure AA, Colubridae: Spilotespullatus (IBSP 4955); Colubridae incertae sedis:Iguanognathus werneri (BMNH 1946.1.6.34). Figure AB,Elapoidea incertae sedis: Buhoma depressiceps (BMNH1907.5.22.10), Micrelaps muelleri (HUJR 8009). Scale bar =1 mm.Skull morphology of representatives of colubroidean families illustrating thenaso-frontal joint and optic foramen/fenestra. Figure A, Tropidophiidae:(PDF)Click here for additional data file.S2 AppendixAcrochordus javanicus(USNM 297404), scale bar = 2 mm; Xenodermidae: Achalinusrufescens (BMNH 1946.1.12.37), scale bar = 1 mm;Fimbrios klossi (BMNH 1946.1.15.88), scale bar = 1 mm;Pareidae: Pareas sp. (MZUSP 12186), scale bar = 1 mm.Figure B, Viperidae: Causus difilippi (MZUSP 18668), scalebar = 5 mm; Vipera ursinii (MZUSP 8230), scale bar = 5 mm;Azemiops feae (ROM 36976), scale bar = 1mm;Bothrops jararaca (MZUSP 14425), scale bar = 2mm.Figure C, Homalopsidae: Cerberus rynchops (MZUSP 9569),scale bar = 2mm; Homalopsis buccata (MZUSP 11483), scalebar = 1mm. Psammophiidae: Psammophis lineolatus (MZUSP8221), scale bar = 1mm; Mimophis mahfalensis (MZSUP 12188),scale bar = 2mm. Figure D, Pseudoxyrhophiidae: Madagascarophiscolubrinus (BMNH 89.8.28.23), scale bar = 2mm;Ditypophis vivax (BMNH_99.12.5.125), scale bar = 1mm;Lamprophiidae: Boaedon fuliginosus (MZUSP 8167), scale bar= 2mm; Crotaphopeltis hotamboeia (MZUSP 19602), scale bar =1mm. Figure E, Atractaspididae: Atractaspis irregulares(MZUSP 10826), scale bar = 1mm; Homoroselaps lacteus (LSUMZ57229), scale bar = 1mm. Elapidae: Sinomicrurusmacclellandi (ROM 37113), scale bar = 1mm; Najanaja (UMMZ 181137), scale bar = 1mm. Figure F, Elapidae:Micrurus corallinus (MZUSP 13112), scale bar = 1mm;Cyclocoridae: Cyclocorus lineatus (BMNH 96.3.30.78), scalebar = 1mm; Natricidae: Natrix natrix (MZUSP 2514), scalebar = 2mm; Natriciteres olivacea (MZUSP 2083), scale bar =1mm. Figure G, Sibynophiidae: Scaphiodontophis annulatus(MZUSP 5971), scale bar = 2mm; Grayiidae: Grayia smithii(MZUSP 8130), scale bar = 1mm; Grayia tholloni (MZUSP8135), scale bar = 2mm; Calamariidae: Oreocalamus hanitschi(BMNH 1929.12.22.106), scale bar = 1mm. Figure H, Colubridae:Chironius bicarinatus (MZUSP 13860), scale bar = 2mm;Spilotes pullatus (MZUSP 13845), scale bar = 2mm;Oxybelis aeneus (MZUSP 13028), scale bar = 2mm;Mastigodryas boddaerti (MZUSP 13052), scale bar = 2mm.Figure I, Colubridae: Simophis rhinostoma (MZUSP 13858),scale bar = 2mm; Dipsadidae: Heterodon platirhinos (MZUSP2991), scale bar = 2mm; Farancia abacura (MZUSP 2953),scale bar = 2mm; Carphophis amoenus (MZUSP 8183), scale bar= 1mm. Figure J, Dipsadidae: Synophis lasallei (MZUSP7713), scale bar = 1mm; Nothopsis rugosus (MZUSP 7490),scale bar = 1mm; Dipsas indica (IBSP 40137), scale bar =1mm; Atractus serranus (MZUSP 17937), scale bar = 1mm.Figure K, Dipsadidae: Boiruna maculata (MZUSP 703), scalebar = 2mm; Helicops angulatus (MZUSP 14234), scale bar =2mm; Philodryas nattereri (MZUSP 13039), scale bar = 2mm;Oxyrhopus clathratus (MZUSP 14010), scale bar =2mm.Posterior trunk vertebral morphology of representatives of colubroideanfamilies. Figure A, Acrochordidae: (PDF)Click here for additional data file.S3 AppendixAcrochordus javanicus (LSUMZ 34406)completely everted and filled, scale bar = 5 mm; Xenodermidae:Xenodermus javanicus (FMNH 138678) partially everted,partially filled, and dyed with alizarin red, scale bar = 1 mm. Figure B,Xenodermidae: Achalinus rufescens (BMNH 1983.193)completely everted and partially filled, scale bar = 2 mm; Fimbriosklossi (BMNH 1965.2.639) opened through a longitudinal slit,one lobe partially filled, scale bar = 1 mm; Pareidae: Pareasmonticola (BMNH 1909.3.9.19) completely everted and filled,scale bar = 1 mm. Figure C, Pareidae: Asthenodipsasmalaccanus (BMNH 1924.10.23.7) completely everted and filled;Aplopeltura boa (BMNH 94.6.30.63) completely evertedand filled; scale bars = 2 mm. Figure D, Xylophiidae: Xylophisperroteti (BMNH 1955.1.3.10) opened through a longitudinalslit, spread flat, and dyed with alizarin red, scale bar = 5 mm. Figure E,Viperidae: Porthidum nasutum (MZUSP 7480) completelyeverted and filled; Vipera ammodytes (MZUSP 8223)completely everted and filled; scale bars = 5 mm. Figure F, Viperidae:Bothrops neuwiedi (MZUSP 11851) completely everted andfilled; Causus bilineatus (MNHN 1993.5992) completelyeverted and filled; scale bars = 5 mm. Figure G, Homalopsidae:Homalopsis buccata (MNHN 1963.728) completely evertedand filled; Brachyorrhos albus (FMNH 142324) completelyeverted and filled; scale bars = 5 mm. Figure H, Homalopsidae:Fordonia leucobalia (AMNH 107179) completely everted,filled, and dyed with alizarin red; Bitia hydroides (FMNH229568) completely everted and filled; scale bars = 5 mm. Figure I,Homalopsidae: Erpeton tentaculatum (AMNH 8850) completelyeverted and filled, scale bar = 5 mm. Psammophiidae: Mimophismahfalensis (UMMZ 209646) completely everted and partiallyfilled, scale bar = 2 mm; Atractaspididae: Polemon christyi(FMNH 219912) completely everted and filled, scale bar = 5 mm. Figure J,Atractaspididae: Atractaspis fallax (AMNH 102298)completely everted and filled, scale bar = 10 mm; Macrelapsmicrolepidotus (FMNH 205863) completely everted and filled,scale bar = 5 mm. Figure K, Cyclocoridae: Cyclocoruslineatus (MNHN 1900.411) opened through a longitudinal slit,spread flat, and dyed with alizarin red, scale bar = 5 mm;Oxyrhabdion modestum (FMNH 68907) completely everted,filled, and dyed with alizarin red, scale bar = 5 mm. Figure L,Lamprophiidae: Lamprophis fuliginosus (MNHN 1994.8111)completely everted and filled, scale bar = 5 mm; Chamaelycusfasciatum (BMNH 1909.4.29.2\u20133) completely everted and filled,scale bar = 2 mm; Lycodonomorphus rufulus (AMNH 140283)completely everted and filled, scale bar = 5 mm. Figure M, Lamprophiidae:Lycophidion semicinctus (MNHN 1995.3474) completelyeverted, filled, and dyed with alizarin red; Mehelyacapensis (AMNH 73208) completely everted and filled;Pseudoboodon lemniscatus (MNHN 1905.185) completelyeverted and filled; scale bars = 5 mm. Figure N, Pseudoxyrhophiidae:Dromicodryas bernieri (UMMZ 218166) completely evertedand filled, scale bar = 5 mm; Duberria lutrix (AMNH 115639)completely everted, filled, and dyed with alizarin red, scale bar = 3 mm;Alluaudina bellyi (UMMZ 209239) completely everted andfilled, scale bar = 2 mm. Figure O, Pseudoxyrhophiidae:Pseudoxyrhopus tritaeniatus (UMMZ 195854) completelyeverted and filled; Liophidium torquatum (UMMZ 209430)completely everted and filled; scale bars = 5 mm. Figure P, Elapidae:Naja melanoleuca (BMNH 1959.1.7.69) completely evertedand filled; Micrurus frontalis (IBSP 44331) completelyeverted and filled; scale bars = 5 mm. Figure Q, Elapidae:Austrelaps superbus (BMNH 1926.12.25.113) completelyeverted and filled; Bungarus candidus (BMNH 1937.11)completely everted and filled; scale bars = 5 mm. Figure R, Natricidae:Atretium schistosum (AMNH 85505) completely everted,filled, and dyed with alizarin red; Lycognathophisseychellensis (UMMZ 167994) completely everted, filled, anddyed with alizarin red; Afronatrix anoscopus (AMNH 142404)completely everted, filled, and dyed with alizarin red; scale bars = 2 mm.Figure S, Natricidae: Xenochrophis vittatus (BMNH71.7.20.195\u20136) completely everted and filled; Natriciteresolivacea (AMNH 11905) completely everted and filled;Sinonatrix annularis (AMNH 84530) completely everted,filled, and dyed with alizarin red; scale bars = 2 mm. Figure T, Natricidae:Aspidura trachyprocta (AMNH 120248) completely evertedand partially filled ; Elapoidis fusca (MNHN1895.55) completely everted and filled, scale bar = 2 mm. Figure U,Pseudoxenodontidae: Pseudoxenodon macrops (AMNH 34649)completely everted and filled; Dipsadidae: Conophis pulcher(MNHN 5981) completely everted and filled; scale bars = 5 mm. Figure V,Dipsadidae: Contia tenius (UMMZ 133370) completely evertedand filled, scale bar = 2 mm; Urotheca decipiens (KU103892) completely everted and filled, scale bar = 5 mm. Figure W,Dipsadidae: Oxyrhopus occipitalis (AMNH 129255) completelyeverted, filled, and dyed with alizarin red; Faranciaerythrogramma (KU 197245) completely everted, filled, and dyedwith alizarin red. Scale bars = 5 mm. Figure X, Dipsadidae:Tachymenis chilensis (MZUSP 8239) completely everted,filled, and dyed with alizarin red, scale bar = 2 mm; Heterodonnasicus (MNHN 3636) completely everted and filled, scale bar =5 mm; Philodryas olfersii (IBSP 63455) completely everted,filled, and dyed with alizarin red, scale bar = 5 mm. Figure Y,Sibynophiidae: Sibynophis chinensis (AMNH 34102) completelyeverted and filled, scale bar = 2 mm; Scaphiodontophisannulatus (KU 191073) completely everted and filled, scale bar= 2 mm; Calamariidae: Pseudorabdion longiceps (BMNH1969.1866) completely everted and partially filled, scale bar = 5 mm. FigureZ, Calamariidae: Calamaria lumbricoidis (BMNH 1928.2.18.26)completely everted and partially filled, scale bar = 5 mm; Calamarialinnaei (AMNH 31943) completely everted and partially filled,scale bar = 1 mm; Oreocalamus hanitschi (BMNH1929.12.22.106) completely everted and partially filled, scale bar = 5 mm.Figure AA, Grayiidae: Grayia ornata (BMNH 98.3.25.3)completely everted and filled; Colubridae: Pantherophisguttatus (USNM 523605) completely everted and filled;Spilotes sulphureus (IBSP 68260) completely everted andfilled. Scale bars = 10 mm. Figure AB, Colubridae: Dispholidustypus (AMNH 23110) completely everted and filled;Hierophis viridiflavus (MNHN 1978.414) completelyeverted and filled; Boiga pulverulenta (MNHN 1967.437)completely everted and filled; scale bars = 10 mm. Figure AC, Colubridae:Ptyas korros (AMNH 84460) completely everted andfilled, scale bar = 10 mm; Gongylosoma baliodeirus (MNHN1989.199) completely everted and filled, scale bar = 3 mm; Liopeltisfrenatus (MNHN 1928.75) completely everted and filled, scalebar = 5 mm. Figure AD, Elapoidea Incertae sedis: Buhomadepressiceps (MNHN 1991.1740) completely everted, partiallyfilled, and dyed with alizarin red, scale bar = 1 mm.Hemipenial morphology of representatives of colubroidean families. Figure A,Acrochordidae: (PDF)Click here for additional data file."}
{"text": "The correct name is: Amare Desalegn Wolide. The correct citation is: Desalegn Wolide A, Mossie A, Gedefaw L (2014) Nutritional Iron Deficiency Anemia: Magnitude and Its Predictors among School Age Children, Southwest Ethiopia: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study. PLoS ONE 9(12): e114059."}
{"text": "The correct citation is: Nguyen Quang M, Rogers T, Hofman J, Lanham AB (2019) New framework for automated article selection applied to a literature review of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal. PLoS ONE 14(5): e0216126."}
{"text": "This article has been corrected: The correct affiliation is given below:2 Department of Oncology and Hematology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People\u2019s Republic of Chinahttps://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.19856Original article: Oncotarget. 2017; 8:90308-90314."}
{"text": "Background: Experimental and clinical studies have shown that Tao-Hong-Si-Wu decoction (THSWD) improved neurological deficits resulting from Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO). However, the mechanisms of action of THSWD in MCAO have not been characterized. In this study, the mRNA transcriptome was used to study various therapeutic targets of THSWD.Methods: RNA-seq was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). MCAO-induced up-regulated genes (MCAO vs. control) and THSWD-induced down-regulated genes (compared to MCAO) were identified. Intersection genes were defined as up-regulated differentially expression genes (up-DEGs) identified as MCAO-induced gene expression that were reversed by THSWD. Genes down-regulated by MCAO and up-regulated by THSWD were grouped as another series of intersections. Biological functions and signaling pathways were determined by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. In addition, several identified genes were validated by RT-qPCR.Results: A total of 339 DEGs were filtered based on the 2 series (MCAO vs. control and MCAO vs. THSWD), and were represented by genes involved in cell cycle (rno04110), ECM\u2013receptor interaction (rno04512), complement and coagulation cascades (rno04610), focal adhesion (rno04510), hematopoietic cell lineage (rno04640), neuroactive ligand\u2013receptor interaction (rno04080), cocaine addiction (rno05030), amphetamine addiction (rno05031), nicotine addiction (rno05033), fat digestion and absorption (rno04975), glycerophospholipid metabolism (rno00564), and others. The protein\u2013protein interaction (PPI) network consisted of 202 nodes and 1,700 connections, and identified two main modules by MOCDE.Conclusion: Cell cycle (rno04110), ECM\u2013receptor interaction (rno04512), complement and coagulation cascades (rno04610), focal adhesion (rno04510), hematopoietic cell lineage (rno04640), and neuroactive ligand\u2013receptor interactions (rno04080) are potential therapeutic targets of THSWD in MCAO. This study provided a theoretical basis for THSWD prevention of neurological deficits resulting from intracerebral hemorrhage. Angelicae sinensis , Paeonia lactiflora , and Rhizoma ligustici Chuanxiong   herbs have been widely used in China and other Asian countries to combat various diseases for thousands of years. It is extremely important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of TCM using modern advanced technologies . Fortunaese, CX) . In prevese, CX) . AnotherIn recent decades, the expression of mRNA performed by microarray or high-throughput RNA-seq has been used to reveal molecular mechanisms and explore biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction, especially in complex diseases such as cancer, diabetes and stroke [10\u201312].To comprehensively elucidate potential molecular mechanisms, our present study applied an RNA-seq strategy to characterize the key molecular mechanisms of THSWD. At first, we performed RNA-seq in rat brain hemispheres of control, Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (MCAO), and THSWD groups. EdgeR and venny were applied to identify up-DEGs and down-DEGs. And then, clusterProfiler, GO, and pathway annotation of up-DEGs and down-DEGs was performed. PPI networks were structured based on STRING database, visualization was carried out using Cytoscape, and modules were identified by MCODE. Finally, key DEGs were verified by qPCR.The proportion of THSWD compound was TR: HH: SD: DG: BS: CX = 3: 2: 4: 3: 3: 2 . Each coEleven control compounds were obtained, including gallic acid, rehmannioside D, protocatechuic acid, P-hydroxybenzoic acid, hydroxysafflor yellow A, caffeic acid, amygdalin, chlorogenic acid, paeoniflorin, ferulaic acid, and benzoic acid Table . The 11 E was used for MS/MS analysis with a low collision energy of 6 V and a high collision energy of 20\u201380 V. The scan range was m/z 50\u20131200. MassLynxTM v4.1 (Waters Co.) and UNIFI\u00aeScientific Information System v1.7 (Waters Co.) were used for data acquisition and analysis.The aqueous extract of THSWD was separated using a Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column . Mobile phases consisted of 0.1% aqueous formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B). Chromatographic separation was performed at 35\u00b0C. Gradient elution with the flow rate of 0.3 mL/min was performed as follows: 3% B at 0\u20132 min, 3\u20138% B from 2 to 8 min, 8 to 25% B from 8 to 12 min, 25% B from 12 to 15 min, 25 to 45% B from 15 to 16 min, 45 to 90% B from 16 to 22 min, 90 to 100% B from 22 to 26 min, and 100% B from 26 to 28 min. A Waters SYNAPTG2-Si MS  with an ESI source in negative ion mode was used for MS analysis, and leucine enkephalin was used as the accurate mass calibration solution. The desolvation gas temperature was 350\u00b0C. The flow rates of the cone and desolvation gases were set at 50 and 600 L/h, respectively. The capillary, cone, and extraction cone voltages were set to \u20132.5 kV. MSMale Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats  were obtained from the Experimental Animal Center of Anhui Medical University. Rats were randomly divided into normal group, MCAO group and THSWD group with 10 rats in each group. All rat anesthetized using sodium pentobarbital during all surgeries to minimize suffering, and preparation of the MCAO model was performed following our previous study , which aTM miRNA Isolation kit  following the manufacturer\u2019s instructions. Quantity and quality of RNA samples were determined using a NanoDrop 2000  and Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer . TruSeq\u00aeStranded Total RNA Sample Preparation kit was used to prepare libraries following the manufacturer\u2019s instructions, and purified libraries were quantified using a Qubit 2.0\u00aeFluorometer  and Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer . Clusters were generated by cBot library and sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 . Sequencing was performed at Origin-Biotech Inc. .Total RNA was extracted using mirVana1. Trimming was performed by seqtk for known Illumina TruSeq adapter sequences, poor reads, and ribosomal RNA reads2. The trimmed reads were then mapped to the Rattus norvegicus reference genome (rno6) using Hisat2 (version: 2.0.4)  of RNA-Seq reads (version. 0.11.3): 2.0.4) . Stringt: 2.0.4) , 2016. G: 2.0.4) , and FPK: 2.0.4) . EdgeR w: 2.0.4) , with siange > 1 . Venny wGene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were enriched using R package to better understand the functions of DEGs . In our STRING is a database that provides comprehensive information about interactions between proteins, including prediction and experimental interaction data . In our -\u0394\u0394CT method. The following six genes were analyzed: Cdk1, Ccna2, Cdc20, Ndc80, Th, and Calb2. Brain tissues from control, MCAO, and THSWD groups were analyzed (15 samples).Real-time PCR was performed to verify the RNA-seq results, and GAPDH was used as the internal control. Relative expression of mRNAs was determined using the 2p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Raw data are shown as mean \u00b1 standard deviation (SD). Statistical calculations were carried out using GraphPad Prism 5 . A Rt\u22481.72 min, MW = 170.12), protocatechuic acid , hydroxysafflor yellow A , amygdalin , and paeoniflorin  by comparing their fingerprints with standards . Figure To further understand the multifaceted mechanisms of THSWD in MCAO, we performed RNA-seq to obtain the transcriptomes of control, MCAO, and MCAO+THSWD samples. Using bioinformatics analysis, 339 DEGs were filtered | > 1 and To further understand the DEGs associated with THSWD treatment of MCAO, GO enrichment analysis was performed with 63 down-DEGs and 276 up-DEGS by clusterProfiler.p < 0.05. The top10 enriched GO biological processes were locomotor behavior (GO:0007626), neuron fate specification (GO:0048665), behavior (GO:0007610), cell fate specification (GO:0001708), monoamine transport (GO:0015844), ammonium transport (GO:0015696), amine transport (GO:0015837), neuropeptide signaling pathway (GO:0007218), adult behavior (GO:0030534), and single-organism behavior (GO:0044708). Neuron projection (GO:0043005), axon (GO:0030424), terminal bouton (GO:0043195), cell projection (GO:0042995), synapse (GO:0045202), neuronal cell body (GO:0043025), axon terminus (GO:0043679), cell body (GO:0044297), neuron projection terminus (GO:0044306), and perikaryon (GO:0043204) were the top10 enriched cellular components. The enriched GO molecular functions were G-protein coupled peptide receptor activity (GO:0008528), ammonium transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0008519), neuropeptide receptor activity (GO:0008188), symporter activity (GO:0015293), sodium ion transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0015081), secondary active transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0015291), ion transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0015075), substrate-specific transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0022891), cation transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0008324), and transmembrane transporter activity (GO:0022857). The top30 GO-terms with highest enrichment factor are shown in Figure Enrichment analysis showed that a total of 196 GO-terms were significantly enriched with 63 down-DEGs, 30 of which were BP, 40 of which were CC, and 60 of which were MF with p < 0.05. The top10 enriched GO biological processes were mitotic cell cycle process (GO:1903047), mitotic cell cycle (GO:0000278), mitosis (GO:0007067), cell division (GO:0051301), chromosome segregation (GO:0007059), cell cycle (GO:0007049), mitotic sister chromatid segregation (GO:0000070), sister chromatid segregation (GO:0000819), chromosome organization (GO:0051276), and regulation of cell cycle process (GO:0010564). Meanwhile, we found that many neuron death related GO-terms were significantly enriched such as negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process , negative regulation of neuron death , and regulation of neuron apoptotic process . Chromosome (GO:0005694), nucleosome (GO:0000786), spindle (GO:0005819), protein-DNA complex (GO:0032993), chromosome, centromeric region (GO:0000775), nuclear chromosome (GO:0000228), kinetochore (GO:0000776), condensed chromosome kinetochore (GO:0000777), chromatin (GO:0000785), and microtubule cytoskeleton (GO:0015630) were the top10 enriched cellular components. The enriched GO molecular functions were protein binding (GO:0005515), protein heterodimerization activity (GO:0046982), microtubule motor activity (GO:0003777), microtubule binding (GO:0008017), protein dimerization activity (GO:0046983), motor activity (GO:0003774), tubulin binding (GO:0015631), extracellular matrix structural constituent (GO:0005201), cytoskeletal protein binding (GO:0008092), and protein complex binding (GO:0032403). The top30 GO-terms with highest enrichment factors are shown in Figure The 276 up-DEGs were significantly enriched into 619 GO-terms, 482 of which were BP, 61 of which were CC, and 54 of MF with Pathway enrichment analysis could provide further information regarding functions of genes and their interactions. ClusterProfiler was applied to GO enrichment analysis with 63 down-DEGs and 276 up-DEGs, which were associated with THSWD treatment of MCAO.p < 0.05. The top10 enriched pathways were neuroactive ligand\u2013receptor interaction (rno04080), cocaine addiction (rno05030), amphetamine addiction (rno05031), nicotine addiction (rno05033), fat digestion and absorption (rno04975), glycerophospholipid metabolism (rno00564), pancreatic secretion (rno04972), cholinergic synapse (rno04725), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (rno05014). The top30 pathway-terms with highest enrichment factors are shown in Figure KEGG enrichment analysis showed that a total of 45 pathway terms were enriched with 63 down-DEGs, 15 of which were significant with p-value < 0.05. Top10 pathways with the greatest enrichment were cell cycle (rno04110), ECM\u2013receptor interaction (rno04512), complement and coagulation cascades (rno04610), microRNAs in cancer (rno05206), focal adhesion (rno04510), Staphylococcus aureus infection (rno05150), hematopoietic cell lineage (rno04640), systemic lupus erythematosus (rno05322), malaria (rno05144), and oocyte meiosis (rno04114). The top30 enriched pathways are presented in Figure We performed KEGG pathway enrichment analysis for up-DEGs, and found 136 pathway terms including 29 pathway terms with Significant DEGs were used to construct a PPI network based on the STRING database. The PPI network consisted of 202 nodes and 1,700 interactions, as shown in Figure A total of 10 modules were obtained using default criteria by MCODE. Modules were listed in descending order by MCODE score. Two modules with MCODE score \u2265 3 and nodes \u2265 10 were named as module 1 and module 2. Two modules were selected for module network visualization Figure . Most DEAs shown in Figure We analyzed the protein-coding mRNA expression profile in cerebral hemispheres from experimental and control rats by high throughput RNA-seq. 1,007 DEGs were identified, and GO, KEGG pathway, PPI, and PPI module analyses were performed, providing a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms of MCAO.Using pathway enrichment analysis, 15 DEGs were enriched to cell cycle: Cdk1, Cdc20, Cdc6, Ttk, Ccnb1, Bub1, Mcm6, Pttg1, Bub1b, Mcm3, Espl1, Mcm5, Ccna2, Plk1, and Ccnd1 Figure . Nearly Using pathway enrichment analysis, 10 DEGs were enriched into the complement and coagulation cascades, such as C3ar1, Plau, C1qb, C1qc, Vwf, Kng1, Cfd, Vsig4, and C5ar1 Figure . PreviouUsing pathway enrichment analysis, we found 12 DEGs involved in neuroactive ligand\u2013receptor interactions: Brs3, Mc3r, Calcr, Chrna6, Glra1, Galr1, Ntsr1, Cckar, Gabre, C3ar1, Htr2b, and C5ar1 Figure . Lan et E analysis. XD, LX, and QB performed the animal experiments. XD, WC, and CP analyzed the data and pre-viewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.XD and DP conceived and designed the study. XD and LH performed the UPLC-QTOF/MSThe authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest."}