Maize is a major economic crop worldwide, with substantial crop loss attributed to flooding. During a stress response, programmed cell death (PCD) can be an effective way for plants better adapt. To identify flooding stress related PCD proteins in maize leaves, proteomic analysis was performed using two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and mass spectrometry.2O2 content noted in vivo. Furthermore, DNA ladder detection indicated that PCD had occurred under flooding treatment. The maize leaf proteome was analyzed via 2D-DIGE gel, with a total of 32 differentially expressed spots isolated, 31 spots were successfully identified via MALDI-TOF/TOF MS which represent 28 proteins. The identified proteins were related to energy metabolism and photosynthesis, PCD, phytohormones and polyamines. To better characterize the role of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) in PCD during a stress response, mRNA expression was examined in different plants by stress-induced PCD. These included heat stress induced rice protoplasts, Tobacco Mosaic Virus infected tobacco leaves and dark induced rice and Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, all of which showed active PCD, and TCTP expression was increased in different degrees. Moreover, S-adenosylmethionine synthase 2 (SAMS2) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) mRNA expression were also increased, but ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) mRNA expression were not found in maize leaves following flooding. Lastly, ethylene and polyamine concentrations were increased in response to flooding treatment in maize leaves.Comparative proteomics was combined with physiological and biochemical analysis of maize leaves under flooding stress. Fv/Fm, qP, qN and relative water content (RWC) were found to be altered in response to flooding stress, with an increase in H2O2 in TCTP induction under flooding stress. Additionally, increased SAMS2 expression was closely associated with an increased polyamine synthesis during flooding treatment.Following flooding stress, the photosynthetic systems were damaged, resulting in a disruption in energy metabolism, with the noted photosynthetic decline also possibly attributed to ROS production. The observed PCD could be regulated by TCTP with a possible role for H Programmed cell death genetically controls the rate of cell division and death to strictly regulate cell numbers in both animals and plants, thus ensuring that cells that are no longer needed can activate their own demise . StudiesFlooding, a major abiotic stress, poses as a major constraint affecting crop growth, production and productivity in many agricultural regions worldwide . The soi2+, an establishment of ionic homeostasis and root tip death may be essential adaptive changes enabling flood tolerance in maize -1-propanesulfonate; DAB: 3,3-diaminobenzidine; DMF: Dimethylformamide; DREPP 4: Developmentally regulated response 4; DTT: Dithiothreitol; ET: Ethylene; GA: Gibberellin acid; GARE: Gibberellin response element; GC: Gas chromatograph; HR: Hypersensitivity; HrBP1: Harpin binding protein 1; IAA: Indole acetic acid; LSD: Least significant difference; MALDI: Matrix-asscisted laser desorption/ionization; OEE1: Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 1; PCD: Programmed cell death; PMF: Fingerprinting; PMSF: Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride; PPV: Plum pox virus; PSII: Photosystem II; PVPP: Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone; PUT: Putrescine; qRT-PCR: Quantitive real-time PCR; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; RWC: Relative water content; SAM: S-adenosyl-L-methionine; SAMDC: S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase; SAMS2: S-adenosylmethionine synthase 2; SPD: Spermidine; SPM: Spermine; TCA: Trichloroacetic acid; TCTP: Translationally-controlled tumor protein; TFA: Trifluoroacetic acid; TOF: Time-of-flight; UPLC: Ultra-performance liquid chromatography.The authors declare that they have no competing interests.CY carried out all experiments in addition to the detection of DNA ladder. WHJ carried out the detection of DNA ladder. CX, BYQ, ZW conceived designed and coordinated this study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.


Oryza sativa L.). The correct citation is: Zhou Y, Dong G, Tao Y, Chen C, Yang B, Wu Y, et al. (2016) Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Root Traits Using High Throughput Genotyped Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines Derived from 9311 and Nipponbare in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLoS ONE 11(3): e0151796. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0151796.There are errors in the title. The correct title is: Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Root Traits Using High Throughput Genotyped Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines Derived from 9311 and Nipponbare in Rice (In


H and VL from one monoclonal antibody (mAb), coupled to a transmembrane domain and one or more cytoplasmic signaling domains. Previous studies showed that treatment of an experimental AML model with CD123-specific CAR T cells was therapeutic, but at the cost of impaired myelopoiesis, highlighting the need for systems to define the antigen threshold for CAR recognition. Here, we show that CARs can be engineered using VH and VL chains derived from different CD123-specific mAbs to generate a panel of CAR+ T cells. While all CARs exhibited specificity to CD123, one VH and VL combination had reduced lysis of normal hematopoietic stem cells. This CAR’s in vivo anti-tumor activity was similar whether signaling occurred via chimeric CD28 or CD137, prolonging survival in both AML and ALL models. Co-expression of inducible caspase 9 eliminated CAR+ T cells. These data help support the use of CD123-specific CARs for treatment of CD123+ hematologic malignancies.Adoptive immunotherapy infusing T cells with engineered specificity for CD19 expressed on B- cell malignancies is generating enthusiasm to extend this approach to other hematological malignancies, such as acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). CD123, or interleukin 3 receptor alpha, is overexpressed on most AML and some lymphoid malignancies, such as acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), and has been an effective target for T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). The prototypical CAR encodes a V H and VL domains (scFv) of a mAb, coupled with a transmembrane domain and the CD3ζchain. Second generation CARs include the signaling domain of either CD28 . IL-15 is fused with full-length IL-15Rα. hEF-1alpha/p: human elongation factor-1 alpha promoter, TM: transmembrane domain, BGH: polyadenylation signal from bovine growth hormone, IR/DR: Sleeping beauty Inverted Repeats/Direct Repeats, ColE1: E. coli origin of replication, Kan/R: gene encoding kanamycin resistance for bacterial selection, Kan/p: prokaryotic promoter.(A) (TIF)Click here for additional data file.S3 FigSleeping beauty Inverted Repeats/Direct Repeats, BGH polyA: Bovine growth hormone polyadenylation sequence, ColE1: A minimal E.coli origin of replication, Kan/R: Bacterial selection gene encoding kanamycin resistance, Kan/p: Prokaryotic promoter.IR/DR: (TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S4 FigSleeping beauty Inverted Repeats/Direct Repeats, MNDU3/P: modified myeloproliferative sarcoma virus long terminal repeat enhancer–promoter, CD123: Human codon-optimized CD123 antigen fused to a hygromycin resistance gene through FLAG and a furin/F2A peptide linker. TK: codon-optimized thymidine kinase gene, BGH polyA: Bovine growth hormone polyadenylation sequence, ColE1: A minimal E.coli origin of replication, Kan/R: Bacterial selection gene encoding kanamycin resistance, Kan/p: Prokaryotic promoter.IR/DR: (TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S5 Fig(DOCX)Click here for additional data file.S6 FigThe GM-CSF-dependent erythrocytic leukemia cell line TF1 was genetically modified with lentiviral particles to express the mKate fluorescent protein and enhanced firefly luciferase (effluc). Flux intensity was measured using a firefly luciferase assay (**** p < 0.00001 by unpaired t-test).(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S7 Figneg control cells (**** p < 0.00001 by unpaired t-test).Luciferase activity in the B-ALL cell line RCH-ACV transduced with a lentiviral vector expressing firefly luciferase, compared with effluc(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S8 FigFig 1). IR/DR: Sleeping Beauty Inverted Repeat/Direct repeats, ColE1: A minimal E.coli origin of replication, Kan/R: Bacterial selection gene encoding kanamycin resistance, Kan/p: Prokaryotic promoter. hEF-1alpha/p: human Elongation Factor-1 alpha region promoterThis is the same scFv as CAR10 ((TIFF)Click here for additional data file.S9 Fig(TIFF)Click here for additional data file.


Scientific Reports5: Article number: 1183310.1038/srep11833; published online: 07012015; updated: 09182015This Article contains an error in the affiliation of Jinyun Yang. The correct affiliation is listed below:Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Huaian No. 2 Hospital, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China


Critical Care provide convincing evidence that neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), an established key biomarker of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the critically ill, can be effectively removed by renal replacement therapy (RRT) [The recently published data of Donadio in py (RRT) . His finpy (RRT)  and corrpy (RRT) . NGAL ispy (RRT) . Donadiopy (RRT) . Moreovepy (RRT) . This copy (RRT) . In contpy (RRT) . As thisTaken together, the recent work  and comm


AbstractUloma Dejean, 1821, Ulomafengyangensissp. n. and Ulomaacrodontasp. n., are described and figured from Zhejiang Province of China. Ulomabonzica Marseul, 1876 is recorded from China for the first time. A key to the known Uloma species from Zhejiang of China and a list of Uloma species from China are provided.Two new species of the genus  Uloma was established by Ulomaculinaris  from Germany. Uloma includes more than 200 described species that are widely distributed in nearly all zoogeographical regions of the Old and New World and is particularly speciose in the tropics .Holotype, ♂ (MHBU), labelled “25 July 2007; China, Zhejiang, Longquan County, Mt. Fengyangshan; H. Y. Liu and Z. H. Gao lgt.; the Museum of Hebei University” ; “Holotype; The new species is characterized by the following: mentum broadly cordate, with several short medial hairs and a pair of semi-circular hairy patches on near lateral margins; antennomere 5–10 sublinearly truncate, with one long groove on each inner side; pronotum with a pair of low protuberances on lateral margins and posterior margin of anterior impression respectively; metatarsomere 1 significantly longer than 4; apicale of aedeagus with a shallow depression on centre at basel 1/3, parallel–sided at apical 2/3 in dorsal view.Head transverse, with small punctures in apical half, and with sparse large punctures in basal half. Labrum trapezoidal, sparsely punctate, scattered with long and yellow hairs. Clypeus densely and distinctly punctate, anterior margin weakly emarginate, slightly elevated with two small ridges. Frontoclypeal suture deeply impressed. Genae slightly convex and extended, temples reduced. Eyes transverse, with at least 3–4 facets at narrowest point in lateral view; distance between eyes approximately 2.7 times longer than their diameter. Frons weakly convex but depressed on centre, with large punctures. Mentum  male mentum broadly cordate, slightly concave with several short medial hairs, with a pair of semi-circular hairy patches on near lateral margins in the new species ; (2) male antennomere 5–10 sublinearly truncate, with one long groove on each inner side in the new species (5–9 sublinearly truncate with one long groove in Ulomareticulata); (3) male pronotum PageBreakwith a pair of low protuberances on lateral margins and posterior margin of anterior impression respectively, anterior angles subrectangular in the new species (anterior impression of pronotum without protuberance in Ulomareticulata); (4) male metatarsomere 1 significantly longer than 4 in the new species ; (5) apicale of aedeagus gradually narrowing with a shallow depression on centre at basel 1/3, parallel–sided at apical 2/3 in dorsal view in the new species .The new species is similar to Taxon classificationAnimaliaColeopteraTenebrionidaehttp://zoobank.org/BA19A5DB-F014-4EAF-A958-33C507E5491AUlomaacrodonta sp. n. Liu & Ren det. 2015” , and all of them are deposited in MHBU.Holotype, ♂, labelled “19 July 2012; China, Zhejiang, Longquan County, Mt. Fengyangshan; X. Wang and J. Jiao lgt.; the Museum of Hebei University” . Paratypes, 1♂1♀, labelled as holotype. All types have additional label “Holotype , The new species is characterized by the following: clypeus slightly elevated with two small ridges; antennomeres 5 and 7 obviously sharply protruding at inner border; pronotum with a small and shallow anterior impression; protibia broader, with 8–9 sharp large denticulations at apical 2/3 of outer edge; last ventrite with a shallow impression.Head nearly hexagonal, with dense small punctures in apical half, and with dense large punctures in basal half. Labrum trapezoidal, sparsely punctate, scattered with long yellow hairs. Clypeus densely and finely punctate, anterior margin weakly emarginate, slightly elevated with two small ridges. Frontoclypeal suture deeply impressed. Genae slightly convex and extended, temples reduced. Eyes transverse, with at least 2–3 facets at narrowest point in lateral view; distance between eyes approximately 3.5 times longer than their diameter. Frons convex but slightly depressed on centre, with large coarse punctures. Mentum  male clypeus slightly elevated with two small ridges in the new species (without ridge in Ulomaquadratithoraca); (2) male antennae long, reaching to the middle of pronotum, antennomeres 5 and 7 obviously sharply protruding at inner border in the new species (5 and 7 not protruding in Ulomaquadratithoraca); (3) male pronotum with a small and shallow anterior impression in the new species (without anterior impression in Ulomaquadratithoraca); (4) male protibia distinctly broader, with 8–9 sharp large denticuPageBreaklations at apical 2/3 of outer edge in the new species ; (5) male last ventrite with a shallow impression in the new species (without impression in Ulomaquadratithoraca).The new species is most similar to Ulomaintriconicula Liu, Ren & Wang, 2007, Ulomametogana Ren & Yin, 2004, Ulomatakagii Masumoto & Nishikawa, 1986, Ulomarubripesrubripes  and Ulomarubripesminor Gebien, 1914) are known to occur in China and its surrounding areas with antennomere 5 and 7 obviously sharply protruding at inner border. The new species is easily distinguished from them based on shape differences in the male pronotum, pronotal anterior impression, protibia, metatibia, ridges of clypeus, and whether or not the pronotal anterior impression exists in female.Moreover, five additional species , Nzgzzalli. Others: 1♂1♀ (MHBU), China, Zhejiang, Longquan County, Mt. Fengyangshan, 25 July 2007, H. Y. Liu and Z. H. Gao lgt.; 2♂♂1♀ (NMNS), Fujitani Iga-Ueno, Mie, 3 November 1984, K. Ishida lgt.Protibia with two unequal apical spurs, inner edge nearly straight at base, distinctly protruding to inner apex; outer edge with 7–8 sharp denticulations at apical 2/3; dorsal surface with large, dense and confluent punctures. Female  less than that of the specimens from Japan (ca. 2.8). However, we think these two characters as intraspecific differences.The Chinese specimens almost conform to the original description by China: Zhejiang (new record); Japan ; Korea .PageBreakUlomaacrodonta sp. n.(1) China: Zhejiang.Ulomabonzica Marseul, 1876(2) China: Zhejiang (new record). Korea ; Japan .Ulomacastanea Ren & Liu, 2004(3) China: Yunnan ; GuangxiPageBreakUlomacompressa Liu & Ren, 2008(4) China: Yunnan ; Hunan, Ulomacontortimargina Liu & Ren, 2007(5) China: Hunan, Yunnan, Guizhou ; GuangxiUlomacontracta Fairmaire, 1882(6) China: Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan . MalaysiUlomaexcisaexcisa Gebien, 1914(7) China: Zhejiang ; GuangxiUlomafengyangensis sp. n.(8) China: Zhejiang.Ulomaformosana Kaszab, 1941(9) China: Taiwan .Ulomafukiensis Kaszab, 1954(10) China: Zhejiang ; Fujian Ulomagongshanica Ren & Liu, 2004(11) China: Yunnan ; Hubei, Ulomahirticornis Kaszab, 1980(12) China: Yunnan . VietnamUlomaintegrimargina Liu & Ren, 2007(13) China: Guangxi .PageBreakUlomaintricornicula Liu, Ren & Wang, 2007(14) China: Guangxi ; Fujian Ulomakondoi Nakane, 1968(15) China: Fujian . Japan .Ulomaliangi Ren & Liu, 2004(16) China: Yunnan ; Anhui, Ulomalongolineata Liu & Ren, 2007(17) China: Guangxi .Ulomameifengensis Masumoto, 1982(18) China: Taiwan .Ulomametogana Ren & Yin, 2004(19) China: Tibet ; Yunnan Ulomaminuta Liu, Ren & Wang, 2007(20) China: Henan, Anhui, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangdong ; GuangxiUlomamiyakei Masumoto & Nishikawa, 1986(21) China: Taiwan .Ulomamulidenta Ren & Liu, 2004(22) China: Yunnan ; ChongqiUlomanakanei Masumoto & Nishikawa, 1986(23) China: Taiwan .Ulomananshanchica Masumoto & Nishikawa, 1986(24) China: Taiwan .Ulomanomurai Masumoto, 1982(25) China: Taiwan .Ulomapolita (26) China: Zhejiang ; GuangxiUlomaquadratithoraca Liu & Ren, 2008(27) China: Hunan .Ulomareitteri Kaszab, 1941(28) China: Sichuan .Ulomareticulata Liu, Ren & Wang, 2007(29) China: Fujian .Ulomarubripesrubripes (30) China: Taiwan . India ; Nepal ; Bhutan Ulomasauteri Kaszab, 1941(31) China: Taiwan .Ulomasplendida Ren & Liu, 2004(32) China: Yunnan ; GuizhouUlomatakagii Masumoto & Nishikawa, 1986(33) China: Taiwan .PageBreakUlomatsugeae Masumoto, 1982(34) China: Taiwan .Ulomavalgipes Liu & Ren, 2013(35) China: Yunnan .Ulomaversicolor Ren & Liu, 2004(36) China: Yunnan ; GuizhouUlomazhengi Liu & Ren, 2007(37) China: Guangxi .Ulomaacrodonta sp. n. during the visit of Shanshan Liu in Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde. Thanks are due to Dr. Zhao Pan of Hebei University  for valuable advice. This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31402003), the Science and Technology Programs for University by the Hebei Educational Committee (QN20131042) and the Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Application of Hebei, China (14967611D).We are grateful to Dr. Kimio Masumoto , Dr. Shûhei Nomura of the National Museum of Nature and Science  and Dr. Antoine Mantilleri of Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle  for the permission to examine specimens. In addition, we would like to express our gratitude to Dr. Wolfgang Schawaller  for the advice about the identification of


The word “in” is missing in the article title and should appear after the word “injury.” The correct title is: Status Epilepticus after Prolonged Umbilical Cord Occlusion Is Associated with Greater Neural Injury in Fetal Sheep at Term-Equivalent.The correct citation is: Drury PP, Davidson JO, van den Heuij LG, Wassink G, Gunn ER, et al. (2014) Status Epilepticus after Prolonged Umbilical Cord Occlusion Is Associated with Greater Neural Injury in Fetal Sheep at Term-Equivalent. PLoS ONE 9(5): e96530. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096530


Nature Communications7: Article number: 10532 10.1038/ncomms10532 (2016); Published: 04202016; Updated: 04202016The affiliation details for Paula R. Kuser-Falcão are incorrect in this Article. The correct affiliation details for this author are given below:Embrapa Agriculture Informatics, 13083-886 Campinas, Brazil.


Nature Communications7:10804 Article number 1080410.1038/ncomms10804 (2016); Published 02232016; Updated 03182016The financial support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The Acknowledgements should have included the following:The authors gratefully acknowledge research support from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Fuel Cell Technologies Office, under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.


A small percentage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected people and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques control virus replication without antiretroviral treatment. The major determinant of this control is host expression of certain major histocompatibility complex alleles. However, this association is incompletely penetrant, suggesting that additional loci modify the major histocompatibility complex’s protective effect. Here, to identify candidate control-modifying loci, we sequence the genomes of 12 SIV-infected Mauritian cynomolgus macaques that experienced divergent viral load set points despite sharing the protective M1 major histocompatibility complex haplotype.gzmb in modifying SIV control by prospectively challenging M1(+) granzyme B-defined macaques.Our genome-wide analysis of haplotype-level variation identifies seven candidate control-modifying loci on chromosomes 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 14. The highest variant density marks the candidate on chromosome 7, which is the only control-modifying locus to comprise genes with known immunological function. Upon closer inspection, we found an allele for one of these genes, granzyme B, to be enriched in M1(+) controllers. Given its established role as a cytotoxic effector molecule that participates in CD8-mediated killing of virus-infected cells, we test the role of variation within Our study establishes a framework for using whole genome sequencing to identify haplotypes that may contribute to complex clinical phenotypes. Further investigation into the immunogenetics underlying spontaneous HIV control may contribute to the rational design of a vaccine that prevents acquired immune deficiency syndrome.The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-014-0478-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. The majority of HIV-infected individuals experience progressive infection, characterized by ongoing virus replication, CD4(+) cell depletion, and eventually acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, a rare group of infected individuals spontaneously suppress virus replication to low or undetectable levels during chronic infection ,2. Althoin vitro peptide stimulation , Mafa-GzmB:01:01:02 [GenBank: KM281207], Mafa-GzmB:02:01:01 [GenBank: KM281204], Mafa-GzmB:02:01:02 [GenBank: KM281205], Mafa-GzmB:02:01:03 [GenBank: KM281206], and Mafa-GzmB:02:01:04 [GenBank: KM281208].Whole genome alignments to rheMac2 for all 18 retrospective cohort animals were deposited into the NCBI SRA as BAM files, and are accessible through BioProject [BioProject: PRJNA257343] or through SRA [SRA: SRP045278]. The six granzyme B alleles identified in this study have been deposited to GenBank and can be accessed through their corresponding accession numbers, as follows:


The fifth author’s name is spelled incorrectly. The correct name is: Kim-Anh Do. The correct citation is: Shirazi F, Farmakiotis D, Yan Y, Albert N, Do KA, et al. (2014) Diet Modification and Metformin Have a Beneficial Effect in a Fly Model of Obesity and Mucormycosis. PLoS ONE 9(9): e108635. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0108635Drosophila flies infected with R. oryzae.” The complete, correct Figure 6 legend is: “Flies fed RF or given metformin, particularly those continuously kept on metformin (HFD(MET)-HFD(MET)) had a lower fungal burden than infected flies fed HFD without metformin.”There are errors in the legend for Figure 6, “Representative hematoxylin-eosin (upper panels)- and Grocott-Gomori methenamine-silver nitrate (lower panels)-stained cross-sections of There is an error in the third sentence of the Abstract. The correct sentence is: “Survival rates, glucose and triglyceride levels were compared between 1) normal-weight flies (RF), 2) obese flies (HFD), 3) obese flies fed with RF, 4) flies continuously fed on HFD + metformin, 5) flies fed on HFD + metformin, then transferred to RF, and 6) obese flies administered metformin after infection.”


During 2009–2010, 45% of adults aged 45–64 years had moderate or severe periodontitis. In that age group, the prevalence of moderate or severe periodontitis was significantly higher for Hispanic and non-Hispanic black adults  compared with non-Hispanic white adults (39%). Among adults aged 65–74 years, 58% had moderate or severe periodontitis. Hispanics had a higher prevalence of periodontitis (74%) compared with non-Hispanic whites (53%).Source: Eke PI, Dye BA, Wei L, Thornton-Evans GO, Genco RJ. Prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: 2009 and 2010. J Dent Res 2012;91:914–20.


AbstractLimnocharisflava with 2n = 20, Sagittariatrifolia with 2n = 22 (Alismataceae), and Potamogetondistinctus × Potamogetonnodosus with 2n = 52 (Potamogetonaceae); the third one is new to science. A brief review of cytological researches in the floristic regions' 45 non-hybrid aquatic monocots plus well investigated two inter-specific hybrids that are recorded in Myanmar is given, indicating that the further works with a focus on species in Myanmar that has infra-specific chromosome variation in the floristic regions will address the precise evolutionary history of the aquatic flora of Myanmar.Myanmar (Burma) constitutes a significant component of the Indo-Myanmar biodiversity hotspot, with elements of the Indian, the Indochina, and the Sino-Japanese floristic regions, yet thus far only a few reliable sources of the country's flora have been available. As a part of a contribution for the floristic inventory of Myanmar, since it is important in a floristic survey to obtain as much information as possible, in addition to previous two reports, here we present three more chromosome counts in the aquatic monocots of Myanmar:  With its wealth of plant diversity, Myanmar (Burma) constitutes a significant component of the Indo-Myanmar biodiversity hotspot with elements of the India, the Indochina, and the Sino-Japanese floristic regions , Sagittariatrifolia (Alismataceae), and Potamogetondistinctus × Potamogetonnodosus (Potamogetonaceae). A brief review of cytological researches in 45 non-hybrid aquatic monocots plus two well-investigated inter-specific Potamogeton hybrids in Myanmar is also given with a broad focus on those distributed in neighboring areas, i.e., the Indian, the Indochina, and the Sino-Japanese floristic regions.Aquatic plants, which is polyphyletically evolved in fern and fern allies, basal angiosperms, monocots, and eudicots, is known as having numerous chromosomal variation, thus an excellent model for this aim. Here, in addition to the previous contributions of chromosome counts for new or noteworthy aquatic plants from Myanmar (Limnocharisflava (Alismataceae), Sagittariatrifolia (Alismataceae), Najastenuis (Hydrocharitaceae), Nechamandraalternifolia (Hydrocharitaceae), and Potamogetondistinctus × Potamogetonnodosus (Potamogetonaceae) were collected in the expeditions to Myanmar (Bago Division and Shan State) in 2008. The collections were rigorously identified based on morphological characters using the original protologues as well as a previous taxonomic treatment by Potamogetondistinctus × Potamogetonnodosus (Potamogetonaceae) was identified by DNA barcoding method  for at least 30 min, and then preserved at 4 °C in 12 h. For microscopic observation, root tips were soaked in 1 N HCl for 1 h followed by 10 min at 60 °C. After being immersed in tap water, the materials were stained in a drop of 1.5% orcein acetate solution on a slide glass in 5 min., and then squashed. Then somatic chromosome numbers of the three taxa were obtained by light microscopic examination. For each species, at least two cells were used to confirm the numbers.Distribution for each species follows Potamogeton hybrids (http://mobot.mobot.org/W3T/Search/ipcn.html), followed by extensive literature review with original references. For some species, mostly cosmopolitan ones, only a few representative literature references are given for each chromosome number. Since a comprehensive cytological review was given for aquatic plants  Buchenau, 1868Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito; Location: country: Myanmar; stateProvince: Bago; municipality: Pyat Township; locality: along the roadside, paddy field, ca. 30 km east of Pyat; verbatimLatitude: 18°49'44"N; verbatimLongitude: 95°18'06"E; Event: eventDate: 7 Dec 2008; Record Level: collectionID: N. Tanaka & al. 080776; institutionCode: MBK, RAF, TINative to Americas; naturalized to tropical Asia.Chromosome counts: 2n = 20 , India (nationwide), Indonesia , Japan, Malaysia (Peninsular), Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Thailand; Oceania.Chromosome counts: 2n = 22 , Myanmar, Sri Lanka.Chromosome counts: 2n = 24  Thwaites, 1864Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito; Location: country: Myanmar; stateProvince: Shan; verbatimLocality: Near Yae Aye Kan Dam, Yae Aye Kan, Kalaw Township; verbatimLatitude: 20°35'37"N; verbatimLongitude: 96°31'46"E; Event: eventDate: 26 Nov 2008; Record Level: collectionID: N. Tanaka & al. 080058; institutionCode: MBK, RAF, TIBangladesh, China (Southern), India , Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Yemen, and Sudan.Chromosome counts: 2n = 16 (Fig. L., 1753Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Y. Ito; Location: country: Myanmar; stateProvince: Shan; verbatimLocality: Inle Lake; verbatimLatitude: 20°27'28"N; verbatimLongitude: 96°50'37"E; Event: eventDate: 4 Dec 2008; Record Level: collectionID: N. Tanaka & al. 080662; institutionCode: MBK, RAF, TIChromosome counts: 2n = 52 (Fig. Potamogeton hybrids among them were reviewed with a focus on infra-specific chromosome variation (Table The chromosome counts given for 45 non-hybrid species of aquatic monocots of Myanmar as well as well-investigated two on Table . The citAcoruscalamus, Cryptocorynecrispatula, Blyxaechinosperma, Hydrillaverticillata, Najasgraminea, Otteliaalismoides, Vallisneriaspiralis, Monochoriahastata, and Monochoriavaginalis (Table Acoruscalamus, Otteliaalismoides, Vallisneriaspiralis, and Monochoriavaginalis, for which unique chromosome counts are obtained from each floristic region. Myanmar is known as including borders among the Indian, the Indochina, and the Sino-Japanese floristic regions (Of 45 non-hybrid aquatic monocots and two interspecific hybrids among them, more than two thirds have no chromosome variation. Meanwhile, the following nine species have infra-specific chromosome variation, i.e., is Table . Among t regions , yet in Potamogeton is known as having numerous inter-specific hybrids, and each parental combination is varied from intra-ploidy crosses to inter-ploidy ones (Potamogetondistinctus × Potamogetonnodosus as another intra-ploidy hybrid of Potamogeton at tetraploid level.idy ones . The pre


The correct name is: Marcelo Goulart Correia. The correct citation is: Costa MGSd, Santos MdS, Sarti FM, Senna KMSe, Tura BR, Correia MG. (2014) Cost-Effectiveness of Procedures for Treatment of Ostium Secundum Atrial Septal Defects Occlusion Comparing Conventional Surgery and Septal Percutaneous Implant. PLoS ONE 9(10): e108966. doi: In the Author Contributions section, author Marcelo Goulart Correia’s initials should be MGC. The correct contributions are: Conceived and designed the experiments: MGSC MSS. Performed the experiments: MGSC MSS KMSS MGC FMS. Analyzed the data: MGSC MSS KMSS BRT MGC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MGSC MGC BRT. Wrote the paper: MGSC FMS. Systematic review: MGSC KMSS MSS MGC. Data collection costs: MGSC KMSS FMS.


If it arrests at 10 cm from gum margin, baby has esophageal atresia. Observe the stomach; if it is scaphoid, baby may have isolated esophageal atresia, if it is distended, baby is likely to have TEF [1].3.Frequent upper pouch suction, semi-erect position, hydration, antibiotics, stop feeds, vitamin K, and warmth [1].4.Lower esophageal segment concealed under the descending aorta, difficult to locate, anastomosis touched by pulsating aorta, iatrogenic injury to vital structures due to unfamiliarity with anatomy [1].5.Transanastomotic tubes allow early feeding, prevent catabolism, and prevents double bites of esophageal wall; but can obstruct esophageal lumen and prevent salivary drainage leading to secretions in throat, compromised anastomosis [2].6.These are; TPN; Gastrostomy/jejunostomy feeds/Transanastomotic tube feeds; Oral feeds if leak is small; Drainage of leak; Esophagostomy and gastrostomy .7.These are; Upper pouch suction; Chest physiotherapy; Humidified oxygen; Analgesics; Care of chest tube/NG tube [2].8.Monthly weight record for first few months; Esophageal calibration for first year; Growth monitoring every year; Investigate for dysphagia; Evaluate for GER if suspicion [2].9.Anti-reflux measures such as position, Thick formula feeds; H2 blockers; Dilatation; Dilatation and local bleomycin/steroid; Balloon dilatation; Stricturoplasty; Replacement .10.Barium swallow; Esophagoscopy/bronchoscopy; CT/MRI .Source of Support: NilConflict of Interest: None declared


Despite their limited licensed indications, anti-IL1 agents are often used in real-life practice for an increasing number of diseases. A national survey to record the off-label use of this class of therapeutics in France was started in January 2011. The survey is coordinated by the French National Reference Centre for Auto-inflammatory Diseases, under the aegis of the "Club Rhumatisme et Inflammation".The survey aims at gathering information concerning: the number of patients treated with anti-IL1 agents in France, the treated disease, the kind and the indication of the used anti-IL1 agents, their efficacy and safety.We set up a physician-directed questionnaire covering the following areas: patient data, disease data, anti-IL1 agent , its efficacy, adverse events. Any adult or paediatric patient who had received an anti-IL1 agent from January 2005 in France could be included.At two years 193 patients from 37 centres have been included. Demographic data: 104 males, 89 females; 141 adult, 52 paediatric patients, mean age 35.2 years at treatment onset. Main diseases were: adult onset Still disease (AoSD) (35), systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SoJIA) (29), gout (27), anakinra-treated CAPS (22), mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) (14), familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) (12), SAPHO syndrome (9), Schnitzler's syndrome (7). The main off-label used agent was anakinra, used at least once in 189 patients. Canakinumab was used in 25 patients, mainly children, in most cases as a second-line treatment after anakinra. Rilonacept is not yet available in France. 83 patients  were still on treatment at last visit. Some form of clinical response was found in 90% of anakinra-treated patients. A complete physician-evaluated response was reported in Schnitzler's syndrome (85%), gout (80%), CAPS (75%), AoSD (59%), FMF (50%), SoJIA (42%), MKD (30%), SAPHO (11%). 83% of canakinumab-treated patients showed clinical response. At least one adverse event (AE) was reported for 53% and a serious adverse event (SAE) for 10% of anakinra treated patients. Main AEs were: injection site reactions (48%), weight gain (11%) and liver enzymes elevation (9%). SAEs were principally severe infections, macrophage activation syndrome and severe hepato-toxicity. 50% of patients treated with canakinumab showed an AE, namely respiratory infections and liver anomalies. Only few patients had a SAE (severe infections).Anakinra is the main off-label anti-IL1 agent used in France, showing partial to complete efficacy in most patients; complete clinical response rates vary according to specific diseases, being higher in Schnitlzler syndrome, gout, CAPS and AoSD. Around half of the patients showed at least one AE, mainly related to a poor local tolerance. Preliminary data of our survey suggest that canakinumab was efficacy and well tolerate in most patients.L. Rossi-Semerano: None Declared, B. Fautrel: None Declared, D. Wendling: None Declared, E. Hachulla Consultant for: SOBI Biovitrum, Novartis, C. Galeotti: None Declared, A. Meyer: None Declared, S. Ottaviani: None Declared, R. Dhote: None Declared, O. Richer: None Declared, M. Fouillet-Desjonqueres: None Declared, I. Touitou: None Declared, I. Koné-Paut Grant/Research Support from: SOBI Biovitrum, Consultant for: Novartis.


Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) has negative impact on patient's outcome after cardiac surgical procedures. Reported incidence of AKI requiring renal replacement therapy is approximately 1-3% of cardiac surgical patients and is characterized by extremely high morbidity and mortality rates.Aim of our study was to investigate perioperative factors associated with postoperative AKI requiring renal replacement therapy in patients undergone cardiac surgery.The study group was consisted of 1186 consecutive patients who underwent cardiac surgery from June 2012 to April 2015 in a single Cardiothoracic Surgery Department. The following 21 peri-operative variables have been investigated: Age, Gender, Euroscore II, Body Mass Index (BMI),Smoking habit, Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin use, pre-op Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR), Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD), Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic atrial fibrillation, REDO, Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) use, Ejection Fraction, Pulmonary Hypertension, Urgent/emergent operations, Cardio-pulmonary bypass (CPB) time, total red blood cells (RBC) units transfused, mechanical ventilation time, Prolonged inotropic support (>24 hours), Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS). Factors with statistical significance according to univariate analysis, underwent multivariate logistic regression analysis.Univariate analysis revealed the following11 factors having statistical significant relationship with postoperative AKI requiring renal replacement therapy: Euroscore II(p < 0.01), preoperative GFR (p < 0.01), COPD , ACEi use (p = 0.032), pulmonary hypertension (p = 0.01), emergent/urgent status (p < 0.01), CPB time (p < 0.01), RBC units (p < 0.01), mechanical ventilation time (p < 0.01), Prolonged inotropic support (p < 0.01) and LCOS (p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis of the above 11 factors revealed that AKI requiring renal replacement therapy is associated with prolonged inotropic support (p < 0.00), total RBC transfused units (p < 0.00), not use of ACEi (p < 0.027).Prolonged inotropic support and total RBC transfused units are factors associated with renal replacement therapy after cardiac surgery. It seems that the use of ACEi has renal protective properties, avoiding the most serious type of AKI which demands renal replacement therapy.


The first author’s name is incorrect in the citation. The correct name is: Ben Rais Lasram F. The correct citation is: Ben Rais Lasram F, Hattab T, Halouani G, Romdhane MS, Le Loc'h F (2015) Modeling of Beta Diversity in Tunisian Waters: Predictions Using Generalized Dissimilarity Modeling and Bioregionalisation Using Fuzzy Clustering.


Stem Cell Res Ther 2015, 6:2. The citation has since been corrected, and the article should be cited as follows:Due to a technical error during the production process, this article  was orig, Ramraj S, Khan FH, Azim T and Aravindan N: Metastatic neuroblastoma cancer stem cells exhibit flexible plasticity and adaptive stemness signaling.Stem Cell Res Ther 2015, 6:400.Pandian VThe DOI of this article remains the same: doi: 10.1186/s13287-015-0002-8.Stem Cell Res Ther 2015, 6:2. We apologize for any inconvenience caused.The Publisher is issuing this Erratum to alert readers in case they find versions or records of the article with the incorrect citation


Arthropoda) is being conducted since 2012 in the forests of Azorean Islands. Named "SLAM - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores", this project aims to understand the impact of biodiversity erosion drivers in the distribution, abundance and diversity of Azorean arthropods. The current dataset represents arthropods that have been recorded using a total of 42 passive SLAM traps  deployed in native, mixed and exotic forest fragments in seven Azorean Islands . This manuscript is the fifth data-paper contribution, based on data from this long-term monitoring project.A long-term study monitoring arthropods (Arachnida (excluding Acari), Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Hexapoda ). Specimens were sampled over seven Azorean Islands during the 2012-2021 period. Spiders (Araneae) data from Pico and Terceira Islands are not included since they have been already published elsewhere  and only one exotic species, the JulidaOmmatoiulusmoreleti . These ten species represent 107330 individuals (60%) of all sampled specimens and can be considered as the dominant species in the Azorean native forests for the target studied taxa. The Hemiptera were the most abundant taxa, with 90127 (50.4%) specimens. The Coleoptera were the most diverse with 30 (28.6%) families.We targeted taxa for species identification belonging to lsewhere . We collWe registered 72 new records for many of the islands . These records represent 58 species. None of them is new to the Azores Archipelago. Most of the new records are introduced species, all still with low abundance on the studied islands. This publication contributes to increasing the baseline information for future long-term comparisons of the arthropods of the studied sites and the knowledge of the arthropod fauna of the native forests of the Azores, in terms of species abundance, distribution and diversity throughout seasons and years. A common finding all over the globe is that arthropods are the major taxa involved in ecosystems services . Some ofIslands are critical places for the conservation of biodiversity, there being a critical need to gather knowledge to support conservation management in such extremely dynamic and changing ecosystems . They haThis publication provides an inventory of terrestrial arthropods present in mixed and native forests of seven Azorean Islands . This is the fifth data paper contribution to the long-term project SLAM  that started in 2012 with the aim of understanding the impact of the drivers of biodiversity erosion on Azorean native forests   and ecosystem functions.The year 2012 marks the beginning of the SLAM traps survey of arthropods on Terceira Island, within the Project NETBIOME ISLANDBIODIV. This first survey was then followed by several others within the Azores Archipelago with the purpose of sampling and describing all arthropods inside native forest fragments using passive SLAM traps Faial Island: Pedro Casimiro and João Bettencourt  and Cátia Freitas Pico Island: Paulo Freitas and Sónia Manso Graciosa Island: Carlos Picanço with the collaboration of Pedro Raposo Terceira Island: Paulo A. V. Borges, Alejandra Ros-Prieto, Fernando Pereira, Lucas Lamelas-López, Rui Carvalho, Rui Nunes and Sébastien Lhoumeau.São Miguel Island: Miguel Ferreira  and Rúben Coelho (SPEA)Santa Maria Island: Nelson Moura .Parataxonomists:For the period 2012-2019: Adal Humberto Díaz Raya, Adrian Fernandez Marinez, Alba Arteaga, Alejandra Ros-Prieto, Castore De Salvador, David Rodilla Rivas, Daniel Ehrhart, Elisa Tarantino, Gea Ghisolfi, Helena Marugán Páramo, Joel Martin Ay, Jonne Bonnet, Jose Vicente Pérez Santa Rita, Juan Ignacio Pitarch Peréz, Juan Manuel Taboada Alvarez, Laura Cáceres Sabater, Laura Gallardo, Magí Ramon Martorell, Maria Simitakou, Marija Tomašić, Marta Calera Sierra, Merili Martverk, Óscar García Contreras, Oscar Gomez Novillo, Percy de Laminne de Bex, Reinier Vries, Riccardo Negroni, Ruben Murillo Garcia, Rui Carvalho, Rui Nunes, Sébastien Lhoumeau, Sergio Fernandez, Sophie Wallon and William Razey.For the period 2019-2021: Abrão Leite, Adrian Fernandez Marinez, Emanuela Cosma, Jonne Bonnet, Joel Martin Aye, Loïc Navarro, Magí Ramon Martorell, Marco Canino, Natalia Fierro Frerot, Sébastien Lhoumeau and Valentin Moley.Taxonomists: Paulo A. V. Borges and Luís Carlos Crespo.Curation: Voucher specimen management was mainly undertaken by Alejandra Ros-Prieto, Abrão Leite, Ricardo Costa, Sébastien Lhoumeau and Paulo A. V. Borges.The Azores Archipelago comprises nine volcanic Islands and is located in the Atlantic Ocean between latitudes 37° and 40° N Fig. , situatePittosporumundulatum and Hedychiumgardnerianum.During this project, seven Islands  , 15th June (spring sample), 15th September (summer sample) and 15th December (autumn sample).However, on some Islands (e.g. Santa Maria and Graciosa) and sites (e.g. TER-NFTB-T-18 in Terceira in the period June 2014 - December 2015) see , samplesFCT-NETBIOME – ISLANDBIODIV grant 0003/2011 (between 2012 and 2015) with a funding of around 60 k euros.EU ERASMUS+ Training Grants to Ruben Murillo Garcia, Laura Gallardo (2014); Adal Humberto Díaz Raya, David Rodilla, Laura Cáceres Sabater, Óscar García Contrera, William Razey (2015); Alejandra Ros Prieto, Daniel Ehrhart, Helena Marugán Páramo, Maria Simitakou (2016); Juan Manuel Taboada Alvarez, Merili Martverk (2017); Elisa Tarantino, Marta Calera Sierra, Oscar Gomez-Novillo, Reinier Vries (2018); Adrian Fernandez Marinez, Castore De Salvador, Gea Ghisolfi, Joel Martin Aye, Riccardo Negroni (2019); Jonne Bonnet (2020), Magí Ramon Martorell, Sébastien Lhoumeau (2021), Emanuela Cosma, Loïc Navarro, Marco Canino, Valentin Moley (2022) with a total funding so far of around 90 k euros.EU EURODYSSÉE - Marija Tomašić (2014), Percy de Laminne de Bex, Juan Ignacio Pitarch Peréz (2015); Jose Vicente Pérez Santa Rita (2017); Alba Arteaga (2018), with a total funding so far of around 30 k euros.ESTAGIAR L Azores Government - Sophie Wallon (2014), with a funding of 12 k euros.ESTAGIAR T Azores Government - Alejandra Ros Prieto (2017), with a funding of 12 k euros.Portuguese National Funds, through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within the project UID/BIA/00329/2013-2020, with a funding of 9 k euros.Direcção Regional do Ambiente - PRIBES (LIFE17 IPE/PT/000010) (2019), with a funding of 6 k euros.Direcção Regional do Ambiente – LIFE-BETTLES (LIFE18 NAT_PT_000864) (2020), with a funding of 138 k euros until 2024.AZORESBIOPORTAL – PORBIOTA (ACORES-01-0145-FEDER-000072) (2019), with a funding of 9 k euros.Science and Technology Foundation (FCT) - MACRISK-Trait-based prediction of extinction risk and invasiveness for Northern Macaronesian arthropods (FCT-PTDC/BIA-CBI/0625/2021) with 9 k euros.Portal da Biodiversidade dos Açores (2022-2023) - PO Azores Project - M1.1.A/INFRAEST CIENT/001/2022 (2022).FCT-UIDB/00329/2020-2024  (2019-2022) with 3 k euros.Overall, we sampled a total of 42 plots , using passive SLAM traps Table .We used passive flight interception SLAM traps    to kill the captured arthropods and conserve the sample between collections, enabling also the preservation of DNA for future genetic analyses. Although this protocol was developed to sample flying arthropods, by working as an extension of the tree, non-flying species, such as spiders, can also crawl into the trap, widening the range of groups that can be sampled by this technique.In the laboratory, specimen sorting and arthropod identification followed standard procedures, using somatic and genitalic features for species identification. A reference collection was made for all collected specimens (whether or not identified at species level) by assigning them a morphospecies code number and depositing them at the Dalberto Teixeira Pombo Insect Collection (DTP), University of Azores (Terceira Island).Flores, Faial, Pico, Graciosa, Terceira, São Miguel and Santa Maria Islands in the Azores, Macaronesia, Portugal Fig. .36.844 and 39.690 Latitude; -31.333 and -24.785 Longitude.The following classes and orders are covered:Arachnida: Araneae, Opiliones, PseudoscorpionesChilopoda: Geophilomorpha, Lithobiomorpha, Scolopendromorpha, ScutigeromorphaDiplopoda: Chordeumatida, Julida, PolydesmidaInsecta: Archaeognatha, Blattodea, Coleoptera, Dermaptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera (Formicidae), Neuroptera, Orthoptera, Phasmida, Psocodea, Strepsiptera, Thysanoptera, TrichopteraSymphyla: SymphylaAraneae including detailed morphometric measurements for most of the studied species can be accessed in the publication by Functional traits of Trophic preference for all other arthropods are assessed using the publication by Despite our efforts, not all islands could be continuously monitored. The temporal graph hereafter Fig.  shows thCreative Commons Public Domain Waiver (CC-Zero)Long-term monitoring of Azorean forest arthropodshttp://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=arthropods_slam_azoreshttps://www.gbif.org/dataset/079c8358-0b4f-479b-97dd-1f2f775256f92Event tableDarwin Core Archive formatUTF-8http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=arthropods_slam_azoresVersion 1.3The dataset was published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility platform, GBIF . The folOccurrence tableDarwin Core Archive formatUTF-8http://ipt.gbif.pt/ipt/resource?r=arthropods_slam_azoresVersion 1.3The dataset was published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility platform, GBIF . The folWe collected a total of 176007 specimens from which 168565 (95.7%) were identified at species or subspecies level. These identified specimens belong to 25 orders, 106 families, 260 genera and 316 species or subspecies. In this pool of 316 named species and subspecies, a total of 132 species are considered introduced, 88 native non-endemic, 55 endemic and 41 have indeterminate colonisation status.Based on a comparison with the previous Azorean arthropod checklist , we recoDetails on the new records for the Islands:Two new species records for Flores Island Table :Coleoptera, Leiodidae), Catopscoracinus Kellner, 1846 (native non-endemic), that is a saprophagous species commonly found in several habitats in Azores .- One beetle , Ceratothripsericae  (native non-endemic), that is usually associated with the endemic shrub Ericaazorica.- One thrips , Neottiurabimaculata  and Theridionmelanurum Hahn, 1831, both introduced and very common in human-made habitats.- Two spiders (Coleoptera), Clitostethusarcuatus  (introduced), Dryopsalgiricus  (native non-endemic), Notothectadryochares  (endemic) and Scymnussuturalis Thunberg, 1795 (introduced). C.arcuatus and S.suturalis are ladybeetles (Coccinellidae) widespread in Azores (Notothectadryochares (Staphylinidae) is the most abundant endemic rove-beetle in Azores , Brachystelesparvicornis  (Anthocoridae) (native non-endemic) and Eupteryxazorica Ribaut, 1941 (Cicadellidae) (endemic). B.parvicornis is a common predator mostly found in human-made habitats and E.azorica is commonly associated with native and endemic ferns in native forest.- Two bugs  (introduced), Lathysdentichelis  (native non-endemic), Macaroerisdiligens  (native non-endemic), Pachygnathadegeeri Sundevall, 1830 (introduced) and Pelecopsisparallela  (introduced). C.infimus and M.diligens are both jumping spiders  very common in exotic forests, gardens and orchards. L.dentichelis (Dictynidae) is one of the most common spiders in the canopies of endemic trees in Azores. P.degeeri (Tetragnathidae) is mosltly associated with humid areas like margins of lakes, but can also be found in pastures. P.parallela (Linyphiidae) is widely distributed in Azorean pastures.- Five Coleoptera): Aspidapionradiolus  (Apionidae) (introduced), Cryptophaguscellaris  (Cryptophagidae) (introduced), Dromiusmeridionalis Dejean, 1825 (Carabidae) (introduced), Kalcapionsemivittatumsemivittatum  (Apionidae) (indeterminate), Longitarsuskutscherai  (Chrysomelidae) (introduced), Mecinuspascuorum  (Curculionidae) (introduced), Naupactusleucoloma Boheman, 1840 (Curculionidae) (introduced), Proteinusatomarius Erichson, 1840 (Staphylinidae) (indeterminate), Stenomastaxmadeirae Assing, 2003 (Staphylinidae) (indeterminate), Tachyporusnitidulus  (Staphylinidae) (indeterminate) and Trichiusarobustula Casey, 1893 (Staphylinidae) (indeterminate). It is particularly relevant to mention the fact that most of these beetle species are exotic historically introduced species.- Eleven beetles (Hemiptera): Euphylluraolivina  (Liviidae) (introduced), Loriculacoleoptrata  (Microphysidae) (native non-endemic), Piezodoruslituratus  (Pentatomidae) (native non-endemic), Plinthisusminutissimus Fieber 1864, (Rhyparochromidae) (native non-endemic) and Siphantaacuta  (Flatidae) (introduced). Particularly relevant the presence of S.acuta, that is spreading fast in Azores  (Epipsocidae) (native non-endemic), Trichadenotecnumcastum Betz, 1983 (Psocidae) (introduced), Valenzuelaburmeisteri  (Caeciliusidae) (native non-endemic). All these species are common in many forest habitats of all islands in Azores.- Three Twenty-three new species records for Pico Island Table :Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Linotaeniidae), Strigamiacrassipes  (native non-endemic).- One centipede (Diplopoda), all introduced in Azores: Brachyiuluspusillus  (Julidae), Cylindroiuluslatestriatus  (Julidae), Nopoiuluskochii  (Blaniulidae) and Proteroiulusfuscus  (Blaniulidae).- Four millipedes (Coleoptera): Catopscoracinus Kellner, 1846 (Leiodidae) (native non-endemic), Charagmusgressorius  (Curculionidae) (native non-endemic), Cryptophaguscellaris  (Cryptophagidae) (introduced), Mecinuspascuorum  (Curculionidae) (introduced), Medonapicalis  (Staphylinidae) (indeterminated), Rhizophagusferrugineus  (Monotomidae) (introduced), Sitonadiscoideus Gyllenhal, 1834 (Curculionidae) (introduced) and Stilbustestaceus   (native non-endemic).- Eight beetles (Hemiptera): Anthocorisnemoralis  (Anthocoridae) (native non-endemic), Geotomuspunctulatus  (Cydnidae) (native non-endemic), Lasiosomusenervis  (Rhyparochromidae) (native non-endemic), Loriculacoleoptrata  (Microphysidae) (native non-endemic), Plinthisusminutissimus Fieber, 1864 (Rhyparochromidae) (native non-endemic) and Siphantaacuta  (Flatidae) (introduced). Similarly to Graciosa, S.acuta is also new for Pico, species that is spreading fast in Azores  (Gryllidae) (introduced) and Phaneropteranana Fieber, 1853 (Tettigoniidae) (native non-endemic).- Two Psocodea: Bertkauialucifuga  (Epipsocidae) and Valenzuelaburmeisteri  (Caeciliusidae).- Two native non-endemic Eight new species records for Terceira Island Table :Coleoptera): Aleocharaclavicornis L. Redtenbacher, 1849 (Chrysomelidae) (indeterminate), Metophthalmusoccidentalis Israelson, 1984 (Latridiidae) (endemic), Philonthusquisquiliariusquisquiliarius  (Staphylinidae) (indeterminate).- Three beetles (Hemiptera): Loriculacoleoptrata  (Microphysidae), Loriculaelegantula  (Microphysidae), Microplaxplagiatus  (Microphysidae), Miridiusquadrivirgatus  (Oxycarenidae) and Piezodoruslituratus  (Pentatomidae).- Five native non-endemic bugs , Canariphantesacoreensis .- One endemic spider (Coleoptera): Cyphaseminulum  (Staphylinidae) (indeterminate) and Longitarsuskutscherai (Chrysomelidae)  (introduced).- Two beetles , Nerieneclathrata .- One introduced spider (Coleoptera): Catopscoracinus Kellner, 1846 (Leiodidae) (native non-endemic) and Cryptophaguscellaris  (Cryptophagidae) (introduced).- Two beetles , Eupteryxazorica Ribaut, 1941, usually associated with native and endemic ferns.- One endemic bug (We recorded 23 introduced species which are new to the Islands of the Azores Archpelago. This number of new records is higher than for the endemic (n = 4), native (n = 21) and indeterminate (n = 8) species. These new records increase the diversity of the species at island scale. They must be considered with particular attention as they might rapidly increase their distribution. However, we need to be careful with these new records because they could represent an effect of the past low sampling effort and not recent introductions. Indeed, not all Islands were sampled with the same intensity through time. In order to provide better time series analysis, we must continue sampling arthropods over all Islands with increasing regularity.Ericaazorica, as an early succession shrub (see Species of Habitat management areas in Fig. Introduced species are the greatest part of the new records, but also the most diverse group of species over all the Archipelago Fig. . In all A positive output of this study is the non-dominance of introduced species in native forest patches, a result that coincides with a recent study conducted on a native forest fragment Terra-Brava on Terceira see . Fig. 14All of the seven Islands monitored showed that introduced arthropod species are the most diverse group, but not the dominant one, which suggest that introduced species are mostly vagrants with large turnover rates across space and time. Such turnover on oceanic islands is common to other taxa like plants . A futur


S. maltophilia and mortality approaches 100% in patients with hemorrhagic pneumonia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) is the drug of choice for treatment of infections caused by S. maltophilia however allergies, toxicity, and resistance may preclude its use. We sought to characterize clinical outcomes of patients with leukemia and S. maltophilia bloodstream infection (BSI).Patients with leukemia are disproportionately vulnerable to infections caused by S. maltophilia and mortality approaches 100% in patients with hemorrhagic pneumonia. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) is the drug of choice for treatment of infections caused by S. maltophilia however allergies, toxicity, and resistance may preclude its use. We sought to characterize clinical outcomes of patients with leukemia and S. maltophilia bloodstream infection (BSI).Patients with leukemia are disproportionately vulnerable to infections caused by S. maltophilia BSI were identified. The most common diagnosis was acute myeloid leukemia (60%); 31% had prior stem cell transplant. The most common single identified source was respiratory (31%) followed by central venous catheter . A single clear source was unable to be identified in 33%.Overall 14-day mortality was 31%. After excluding eleven patients who died within 24 hours, most patients received SXT (72%), followed by ceftazidime (40%), tigecycline , and minocycline (26%). SXT was associated with reduced mortality  while TGC was associated with increased mortality . All patients who died were neutropenic at baseline and none had a CVC infection.Ninety-six patients with leukemia and S. maltophilia BSI is associated with high mortality in patients with leukemia, particularly those with neutropenia at baseline. CVC infection alone was not associated with mortality. SXT is associated with reduced mortality relative to other antimicrobials. Alternative agents should be used with caution in these vulnerable patients.Samuel L. Aitken, PharmD, MPH, Entasis Therapeutics: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Shionogi: Advisor/Consultant Pablo C. Okhuysen, MD, AstraZeneca: Stocks/Bonds|Beam Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds|Biontech: Stocks/Bonds|Deinove: Grant/Research Support|Ferring: Advisor/Consultant|Glaxo Smith Kleine: Stocks/Bonds|Johnson and Johnson: Stocks/Bonds|Melinta: Grant/Research Support|Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp: Grant/Research Support|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds|Napo Pharmaceuticals: Advisor/Consultant|Napo Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Novavax: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Summit: Advisor/Consultant|Summit: Grant/Research Support.


Declines in the diagnoses of new HIV infections have been reported in geographic areas with higher uptake of PrEP among persons who would benefit from PrEP (PWBP). In the present analysis, we examined the rate of new HIV diagnoses in PWBP prescribed PrEP and those not prescribed PrEP in order to understand the current and potential impact of PrEP in differing geographies.et al. 2019) using a combination of published reports and a claims database. HIV rates for individuals prescribed F/TAF or F/TDF (including brand and generic) for PrEP between 10/3/2019  and 6/30/2021 were analyzed from claims data. For those prescribed PrEP, new infections included new HIV diagnosis or addition of HIV treatment within 10 days of PrEP discontinuation.We estimated the rate of new HIV infections among PWBP not prescribed PrEP with a previously described model  compared to those not prescribed PrEP (3.38 [3.35 – 3.42]). New HIV diagnosis rates by state among PWBP not prescribed PrEP ranged from 0.41 (0.22 – 0.78) in Vermont to 9.96 (9.53 – 11.54) in Mississippi . The Southern US had the highest regional HIV diagnosis rate among PWBP not prescribed PrEP . HIV diagnosis rates by state among PWBP prescribed PrEP were lower, ranging from 0 to 2.40 (0.05 – 4.75). Eleven states had a greater than 85% lower HIV diagnosis rate among PWBP prescribed PrEP versus those who were not prescribed PrEP, and the greatest differences in diagnosis rates by PrEP prescription status were observed in the Southeastern US states.This study suggests that substantial reductions in HIV diagnosis rates have occurred in people prescribed PrEP in the US. We found large geographic variations in HIV diagnosis rates, with the largest differences by PrEP prescription status occurring in the Southeast US, underscoring the need for PrEP expansion and its potential impact on the HIV epidemic in that region. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate an approach of estimating HIV rates for PWBP prescribed and those not prescribed PrEP, which may be useful in supporting targeted delivery of HIV prevention services in the US.Li Tao, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Jen Thorburn, n/a, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support Amanda Kong, DrPH, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support Debra Irwin, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support Christoph C. Carter, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Moupali Das, MD, Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Employee|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds|Gilead Sciences: Stocks/Bonds Julie Paone, MPH, Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support.


We evaluated utilization of emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir alafenamide  among PN after the approval of F/TAF for PrEP in the US.EMR and dispensing data from Trio Health HIV Research Network were used for this retrospective observational study. The study included HIV-negative PN ≥ 18 years with first dispense of daily oral PrEP (≥30-day supply) between 10/19-5/21 followed for ≥6 mo; individuals with hepatitis B or post-exposure prophylaxis were excluded. Prescription adherence, measured as proportion of days covered  and time to regimen discontinuation (no drug >3 mo) or switch  were compared between regimens. Characteristics associated with PDC and time to first regimen stop (switch/discontinuation) were evaluated using generalized linear regression and Cox proportional hazard models, respectively.Of 1330 PrEP starts, 86% (1144) were dispensed F/TAF vs 14% F/TDF (186). Baseline characteristics differed by regimen [Table 1]. While PDC was similar for both regimens, F/TAF had higher number of dispenses and mean days supplied vs F/TDF; mean days of follow-up were similar [Table 1]. F/TAF users had longer TRD ; median TRD was 3.9 mo for F/TDF and not reached for F/TAF [Figure 1]. A higher proportion of PN on F/TDF discontinued (46% vs 24% F/TAF) and switched (26% vs 2% F/TAF) their regimen (both p< .001).After accounting for gender, race, payer, age, high-risk behavior, F/TDF had a higher risk of discontinuation or switch (HR=4.9 CI 3.9-6.2); Black race was also associated with higher risk of discontinuation or switch [Table 2]. Results were similar when considering only discontinuation (censoring at time of switch or loss to follow up). Older age was identified as the primary driver of PDC controlling for other factors [Table 2].In this study PN adults dispensed F/TAF had greater number of dispenses, mean days supplied, and were less likely to discontinue or switch from F/TAF compared to F/TDF. Older age was the primary driver of increased PDC when considering other factors, including demographics, insurance and regimen.Rick A. Elion, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Trio Health: Employee|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant Joshua Gruber, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employee Janna Radtchenko, MBA, Trio Health: Employee Megan Dunbar, PhD, Gilead Sciences: Employee Kenneth H. Mayer, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant Gregory Huhn, MD, MPHTM, Eli Lilly: Advisor/Consultant|Eli Lilly: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Jannsen: Advisor/Consultant|Jannsen: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Advisor/Consultant|Viiv: Grant/Research Support Karam Mounzer, MD, Epividian: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Trio Health: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Anthony Mills, MD, Gilead Sciences: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support.


Coinfections, both bacterial and viral, occur with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but prevalence, risk factors, and associated clinical outcomes are not fully understood.We used the Coronavirus Disease 2019-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET), a population-based surveillance platform to investigate the occurrence of viral and bacterial coinfections among hospitalized adults with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection during March 2020 and February 2022. Patients receiving additional standard of care (SOC) molecular testing for viral pathogens (14 days prior to admission or 7 days after), including respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV), influenza, adenovirus, human metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses, and endemic coronaviruses, were included. SOC testing for clinically relevant bacterial pathogens (7 days before admission or 7 days after) from sputum, deep respiratory, and sterile sites were included. The demographic and clinical features of those with and without bacterial infections were compared.Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate overall; Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the second most common respiratory isolate .Among 2,654 adults hospitalized with COVID-19 and tested for all 7 virus groups, another virus was identified in 3.1% of patients. RV/EV (1.2%) and influenza (0.4%) were the most commonly detected viruses. Half  of hospitalized adults with COVID-19 had bacterial cultures taken within 7 days of admission, and 1,092 (6.1%) of these had a clinically relevant bacterial pathogen. A higher percentage of those with a positive culture died compared to those with negative cultures . This figure includes 1,408 bacterial cultures from 1,066 individuals. Deep respiratory sites include endotracheal aspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, bronchial washings, pleural fluid, and lung tissue. Commensal organisms were excluded.Consistent with previous studies, a relatively low proportion of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 had concomitantly identified viral or bacterial infections. Identification of a bacterial infection within 7 days of admission is associated with increased mortality among adults hospitalized with COVID-19. Conclusions about the clinical relevance of bacterial infections is limited by the retrospective nature of this study.Evan J. Anderson, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc: Data Safety Monitoring Board|MedImmune: Grant/Research Support|Medscape: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Micron: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Funding from NIH to conduct clinical trials of Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines|PaxVax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Data Adjudication and Data Safety Monitoring Boards|WCG and ACI Clinical: Data Adjudication Board.


Whether receipt of COVID-19 vaccine associates with receipt of other routinely-recommended adult vaccines such as, influenza and pneumococcal vaccines is not well described. We evaluated this relationship in a population of adults who were hospitalized for acute respiratory infection (ARI).We enrolled adults (≥ 18 years of age) who were hospitalized at Emory University Hospital and Emory University Hospital Midtown with symptoms consistent with ARI. Participants were interviewed and medical records abstracted to gather demographic information, including social behaviors during the pandemic, medical history, and prior vaccination history . Using two separate logistic regression analyses, we determined the association between i) receipt of influenza vaccine in the prior year among adults ≥ 18 years and ii) receipt of any pneumococcal vaccine in the prior 5 years among adults ≥ 65 years on the receipt of at least one COVID-19 vaccine≥ 14 days prior to admission. Adjusted models included demographic information , social behaviors, and history of chronic medical conditions.Overall, 1056 participants were enrolled and had vaccination records available. Of whom, 509/1056 (48.2%) had received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine. Adults ≥ 18 years who received influenza vaccine were more likely to have received ≥1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine compared to those who did not . Similarly, adults ≥65 years who received pneumococcal vaccine were more likely to have received ≥ 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine compared to those who did not .In this study of adults hospitalized for ARI, receipt of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination strongly correlated with receipt of COVID-19 vaccination. Continued efforts are needed to reach adults who remain hesitant to not only receive COVID-19 vaccines, but also other vaccines that lessen the burden of respiratory illness.Laura A. Puzniak, PhD. MPH, Merck & Co., Inc.: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer, Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer Inc.: Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Srinivas Valluri, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Benjamin Lopman, PhD, Epidemiological Research and Methods, LLC: Advisor/Consultant Satoshi Kamidani, MD, NIH: His institution (Emory University) receives funds from Pfizer for his work as a co-investigator on clinical trials of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine.|Pfizer: His institution (Emory University) receives funds from Pfizer for his work as a co-investigator on clinical trials of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. Christina A. Rostad, MD, BioFire Inc, GSK, MedImmune, Micron, Merck, Novavax, PaxVax, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi-Pasteur.: Grant/Research Support|Meissa Vaccines, Inc.: Co-inventor of RSV vaccine technology licensed to Meissa Vaccines, Inc.|NIH : Grant/Research Support John M. McLaughlin, PhD, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Evan J. Anderson, MD, GSK: Advisor/Consultant|GSK: Grant/Research Support|Janssen: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen: Grant/Research Support|Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc: Data Safety Monitoring Board|MedImmune: Grant/Research Support|Medscape: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Micron: Grant/Research Support|NIH: Funding from NIH to conduct clinical trials of Moderna and Janssen COVID-19 vaccines|PaxVax: Grant/Research Support|Pfizer: Advisor/Consultant|Pfizer: Grant/Research Support|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Advisor/Consultant|Sanofi Pasteur: Grant/Research Support|Sanofi Pasteur: Data Adjudication and Data Safety Monitoring Boards|WCG and ACI Clinical: Data Adjudication Board.


Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) incidence estimates vary between geographic regions; few studies have evaluated the impact of CDI test order frequency on estimated CDI incidence. We evaluated this impact in a sample of hospitals at two CDC Emerging Infections Program (EIP) sites.Daily surveillance was conducted for diarrhea among inpatients at 5 acute care hospitals  in EIP sites in NY  and GA  during two 10-workday periods in 2020 and 2021. Diarrhea onset, test orders, and specimen collection status were ascertained. Stools were tested by PCR/NAAT initially or after negative EIA toxin. Differences in diarrhea incidence, testing frequency, and CDI positivity across site, care locations and hospitals were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum test. Correlates of CDI testing and positivity were assessed using modified Poisson regression. Estimates of incidence using EIP methodology at 5 hospitals was compared between sites using Mantel-Hanzel summary rate ratio.Surveillance of 38,365 patient-days (PD) identified 860 diarrhea cases from 107 patient-care locations mapped to 26 unique NHSN defined location-types. Incidence of diarrhea was 22.4/1000 PD ; with similar proportions of diarrhea being hospital-onset (66%) and CDI positive (17%) by site. Overall, 35% were tested for CDI . Percent tested varied by NHSN location type . Regression models identified location-type , laxatives use, chemotherapy, and residing in EIP catchment area predictive of testing . Adjusting for these factors, NY was 49% less likely than GA to test . Simulation of EIP methods estimated NY had a 38% lower incidence of CDI than GA .Incidence of Diarrheal Episodes (A) and Proportions Tested (B) among Hospitalized Patients, 2021 , and adjusted relative risk (solid circles) with 95% confidence intervals (whisker) of independent predictors of testing for CDI (C).After adjusting for patient characteristics , the likelihood of testing still differed between NY and GA sites; the magnitude of the differences in testing was similar to that observed in estimated CDI incidence. Testing practices likely influence surveillance data and is a consideration when comparing data across regions.Scott Fridkin, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support christopher J. Myers, MS, Infectious diseases, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Udodirim N. Onwubiko, MBBS MPH, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support William C. Dube, MPH, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Sahil Khanna, MBBS, MS, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support Joann M. Zamparo, MPH, Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds Frederick J. Angulo, DVM PhD, Pfizer Vaccines: Employee|Pfizer Vaccines: Stocks/Bonds Ghinwa Dumyati, MD, Pfizer: Grant/Research Support.


Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) are caused by a large and diverse group of strains with differences in prevalence and associated morbidity. Over the past 20 years the C. difficile (CD) molecular epidemiology has changed as the prevalence of the epidemic strain recognized as restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) group BI or PCR-Ribotype group (RT) 027 has decreased. The objective of this study was to determine the current epidemiology of CD in the city of Chicago.tcdB) between 9/1/2021 and 10/7/2021 at 3 hospitals in the city of Chicago. Patients were classified as having healthcare-associated CDI (HA-CDI) if symptoms began >72 hours after hospital admission, community-associated CDI (CA-CDI) if symptoms began ≤72 hours prior to admission, and community-onset healthcare-associated CDI (COHA-CDI) if they had been hospitalized ≤4 weeks prior to CDI diagnosis. Available stools were cultured and recovered CD isolates underwent REA typing. Determination of CD colonization was made by review of symptoms including chronicity of symptoms, stool frequency, and response to treatment.Baseline characteristics and symptoms were compared for 81 patients who tested positive for CD by PCR  were CA-CDI, 28% (23/81) COHA-CDI, 11% (9/81) HA-CDI, and 27% (22/81) were classified as colonized. Primary CDI accounted for 66% (39/59) of the infections. Among patients with a primary CDI, 46% (18/39) of patients were classified as CA-CDI whereas COHA-CDI and HA-CDI accounted for 54% (21/39) of infections. REA group Y was the most common group strain accounting for 29% (22/75) of isolates.  REA group Y accounted for 26% (7/27) of CA-CDI compared to 0 REA group BI [p=0.06], and REA group Y accounted for 35% (7/20) of all colonized patients. There has been a marked change in the CD epidemiology within the city of Chicago since 2009 when REA group BI accounted for 61% of CDI . REA group Y  is now the most common group strain in Chicago supplanting REA group BI (RT027). REA group Y appears to be associated primarily with CA-CDI and CD colonization. A detailed genomic analysis of REA group Y is required to determine potential reservoirs of REA group Y.Mary K. Hayden, MD, Sanofi: Member, clinical adjudication panel Nicholas M. Moore, PhD, D(ABMM), Abbott Molecular: Grant/Research Support|Cepheid: Grant/Research Support Amanda Harrington, PhD, Beckman Coulter, Inc.: Clinical trial data collection funded by Beckman Coulter, Inc.|bioMeriuex/BioFire: Grant/Research Support Dale N. Gerding, MD, Destiny Pharma plc.: Advisor/Consultant Stuart Johnson, M.D., Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Membership on Ferring Publication Steering Committee|Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Employee|Summit Plc: Advisor/Consultant.


Escherichia coli (Ec) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp). Bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics via multiple routes, including by chromosomal mutation. In this study, spontaneous resistance to TBP among Enterobacterales, including those resistant to clinically relevant antibacterials, was assessedTebipenem (TBP), an oral carbapenem in development for treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and acute pyelonephritis, is active vs. uropathogens which produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) such as 8 CFU were plated on agar containing 4x or 8x the MIC and incubated for 24h. Resistance was confirmed by MIC testing (CLSI M07Ed11). Serial passages were performed with two Ec and two Kp isolates, each of which included a wild type and ESBL+ isolate, using TBP, MEM and ETP over a 14-day period. Whole genome sequencing was conducted and assembled mutant sequences were aligned vs. β-lactamase-encoding genes, porins OmpF/OmpK35, OmpC/OmpK36, and OmpK37 (Kp only) and penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) 1a, 1b, 2, and 3 and compared with parent strains.The frequency of resistance (FOR) to TBP, meropenem (MEM) and ertapenem (ETP) was assessed for Ec (n = 8), Kp (n = 9), and other Enterobacterales (n = 7). Approximately 10-9 to 5.54 × 10-5, with similar results obtained for all species and genotypes, including ESBL+ isolates and those with porin alterations. In the serial passage, MICs for each agent vs. four isolates over the 14-day period were ∼ five to seven 2x dilutions higher than baseline, resulting in similar MIC values to those observed in the FOR studies (0.12 to 2 µg/mL). Mutants isolated in the presence of TBP, MEM or ETP had similarly decreased susceptibility to each compound. In general, mutants selected during the single- and multi-step resistance studies showed alterations of OmpC in Ec and its homologue OmpK36 in Kp.FOR values for TBP, MEM and ETP at 4x to 8x the MIC ranged from < 6.87 × 10in vitro and was similar to MEM and ETP in both single-step and serial passage studies. Cross-resistance to TBP, MEM or ETP among mutants suggests common mechanisms contribute to elevated MICs, including through reduced permeability.These data suggest TBP has a low propensity for spontaneous resistance at 4x to 8x MIC Brian D. VanScoy, B.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics,: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Haley Conde, B.S., Adagio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Amplyx Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Grant/Research Support|AN2 Therapeutics,: Grant/Research Support|Antabio SAS,: Grant/Research Support|Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|B. Braun Medical Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Basilea Pharmaceutica,: Grant/Research Support|Boston Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|Celdara Medical LLC: Grant/Research Support|Cidara Therapeutics Inc: Grant/Research Support|Cipla USA: Grant/Research Support|Crestone Inc.: Grant/Research Support|CXC,: Grant/Research Support|Debiopharm International SA: Grant/Research Support|Entasis Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Evopoint Biosciences Co.: Grant/Research Support|Fedora Pharmaceuticals: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|Hoffmann-La Roche: Grant/Research Support|Insmed Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Iterum Therapeutics Limited,: Grant/Research Support|Kaizen Bioscience, Co.: Grant/Research Support|KBP Biosciences USA: Grant/Research Support|Lassen Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Matinas Biopharma,: Grant/Research Support|Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd.: Grant/Research Support|Melinta Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Menarini Ricerche S.p.A: Grant/Research Support|Mutabilis: Grant/Research Support|Nabriva Therapeutics AG: Grant/Research Support|Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.: Grant/Research Support|Paratek Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|PureTech Health: Grant/Research Support|Sfunga Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Suzhou Sinovent Pharmaceuticals Co.: Grant/Research Support|TauRx Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Tetraphase Pharmaceutical: Grant/Research Support|tranScrip Partners: Grant/Research Support|Utility Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support|Valanbio Therapeutics, Inc.: Grant/Research Support|VenatoRx: Grant/Research Support|Wockhardt Bio AG: Grant/Research Support Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, Spero Therapeutics: Grant/Research Support Nicole Cotroneo, B.S., Spero Therapeutics: Employee|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Ian A. Critchley, PhD, Spero Therapeutics: Employee|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds Ian A. Critchley, PhD, Spero Therapeutics: Employee|Spero Therapeutics: Stocks/Bonds.


In hospitalized patients, nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs are the most common samples obtained for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) PCR testing. However, adding sputum is known to increase diagnostic yield, and saliva has been successfully used for viral respiratory infection diagnosis. We sought to compare RSV prevalence detected by PCR testing of NP swab alone versus NP swab plus saliva and sputum in adult patients hospitalized with acute respiratory illness (ARI).This ongoing, prospective cohort study enrolled patients aged ≥40 years hospitalized for ARI in 4 hospitals in Louisville, Kentucky (Season 1: 27 Dec 21 – 1 Apr 22). NP swab, saliva, and sputum samples were obtained at enrollment or scavenged from standard-of-care specimens , and PCR tested with Luminex ARIES FluA/B/RSV platform. We produced Venn diagrams of RSV positive samples by sample type for all patients and restricted to those with all 3 sample types. RSV prevalence for NP swab alone was calculated as number of patients with RSV-positive NP swabs divided by total number of patients tested. RSV prevalence by NP swab plus saliva and sputum was calculated as number of patients with RSV-positive NP swab, saliva, or sputum samples divided by total number of patients tested.We enrolled 653 patients and collected NP swabs (100% of patients), saliva (96%), and sputum . Among all patients, 28 patients tested RSV positive , and when restricted to those with all 3 samples , 14 tested positive. The overall cohort’s RSV prevalence by NP swab alone was 1.8% (12/653) and by NP swab plus saliva and/or sputum was 4.3% (28/653): 2.33 times higher with addition of saliva and sputum samples. Among patients with all 3 specimen types, the RSV prevalence increase was the same, and none were positive by NP swab only.(Left) A. Positive RSV PCR tests for 653 patients in overall cohort (Right) B. Positive RSV PCR tests for 275 patients with all 3 samples obtained.RSV was most commonly detected in saliva samples. Current standard-of-care utilizing NP swab for RSV PCR testing appears to underestimate true RSV prevalence in hospitalized adult patients with ARI by more than 2-fold.Alan Junkins, PhD, D(ABMM), Biomerieux: Advisor/Consultant Paul S. Schulz, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Honoraria|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria Robin Hubler, MS, Pfizer Inc.: Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Paula Peyrani, MD, Pfizer, Inc: Employee|Pfizer, Inc: Employee|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Paula Peyrani, MD, Pfizer, Inc: Employee|Pfizer, Inc: Employee|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer, Inc: Stocks/Bonds Qing Liu, M.S., Pfizer Inc.: I am a full time employee of Pfizer and hold Pfizer stocks Bradford J. Gessner, M.D., M.P.H., Pfizer Inc.: Employee|Pfizer Inc.: Stocks/Bonds Elizabeth Begier, M.D., M.P.H., Pfizer: Employee|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds.


This Data from participants randomized to receive CAB + RPV LA every 4 weeks (Q4W) or 8 weeks (Q8W) in the FLAIR and ATLAS-2M studies were pooled and stratified by race . Key efficacy endpoints were the proportion of participants with plasma HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL and HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at W96 (FDA Snapshot). Incidence of confirmed virologic failure , safety, and treatment satisfaction (HIV Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire status version [HIVTSQs]) were also assessed.937 participants received CAB + RPV LA . Overall, 76% (n=711) of participants were White, 16% (n=149) were Black or African American, 4% (n=41) were Asian, and 4% (n=36) were Other race. The median age (range) was 39 years (19–83), and 23% (n=211) were female (sex at birth) (Table 1). At W96, rates of virologic non-response (HIV-1 RNA ≥50 copies/mL) and suppression (HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL) with CAB + RPV LA ranged 0–3% and 83–94%, respectively, across races (Table 2). Rates of CVF ranged 0–2% across races. Excluding injection site reactions (ISRs), drug-related Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 2% (n=17/937) of participants, ranging 0–3% across races. Drug-related serious AEs occurred in 5 (< 1%) participants . Overall, 99% (n=8357/8453) of ISR events were Grade 1 or 2; 2% (n=20) of participants withdrew for injection-related reasons. Mean changes in HIVTSQs total scores increased from baseline to W96 across all races, ranging 0.9–3.0.CAB + RPV LA demonstrated high efficacy and was well tolerated, with increases in participant satisfaction reported from baseline, irrespective of race. These data support CAB + RPV LA as a complete regimen for the maintenance of virologic suppression in individuals with HIV-1.Parul Patel, MSW, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare Ltd: Employee Emilie Elliot, MD, ViiV Healthcare Ltd: Employee Ronald D’Amico, D.O., MSc, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare Ltd: Employee Louise Garside, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds Jeremy Roberts, MSc, GlaxoSmithKline: Employee|GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds Joseph W. Polli, PhD, GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|ViiV Healthcare Ltd: Employee Moti Ramgopal, MD, FACP, FIDSA, AbbVie: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences Inc.: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead Sciences Inc.: Grant/Research Support|Gilead Sciences Inc.: Honoraria|Gilead Sciences Inc.: Stocks/Bonds|GlaxoSmithKline: Advisor/Consultant|GlaxoSmithKline: Grant/Research Support|GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria|GlaxoSmithKline: Stocks/Bonds|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Advisor/Consultant|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Grant/Research Support|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Honoraria|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Honoraria|Merck: Stocks/Bonds|Shionogi: Grant/Research Support|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Grant/Research Support Princy N. Kumar, MD, American Gene Technologies: Grant/Research Support|BioHaven: Grant/Research Support|Eli Lilly: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|Gilead: Grant/Research Support|Gilead: Stocks/Bonds|GSK: Grant/Research Support|GSK: Stocks/Bonds|Johnson&Johnson: Advisor/Consultant|Johnson&Johnson: Stocks/Bonds|Merck: Advisor/Consultant|Merck: Grant/Research Support|Merck: Stocks/Bonds|Moderna: Stocks/Bonds|Pfizer: Stocks/Bonds|Regeneron: Grant/Research Support|TheraTechnologies: Advisor/Consultant|ViiV: Advisor/Consultant Olayemi Osiyemi, MD, Gilead: Advisor/Consultant|gsk: Advisor/Consultant|viiv: Advisor/Consultant Bryan Baugh, MD, Janssen Research & Development LLC: Employee|Janssen Research & Development LLC: Stocks/Bonds Jean A. van Wyk, MB,ChB; MFPM, ViiV Healthcare Limited: I am an employee of ViiV Healthcare|ViiV Healthcare Limited: Stocks/Bonds.


Tasa Wesołowska, 1981 is a small chrysilline genus distributed in East Asia, with two currently known species: T.davidi  and T.nipponica Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987, both species having been recorded in China.Tasakoreana  comb. rev. is re-validated, based on the characteristics of the copulatory organs of both sexes. A re-description and diagnostic photographs are also provided.The combination  Tasakoreana  has a complicated taxonomic history and even now, its female is still misplaced in another genus, Nepalicius Prószyński, 2016, under the name N.koreanus .The jumping spider species Pseudiciuskoreanus Wesołowska, 1981. Then, its female was reported in Japan and the species was transferred to the genus Icius Simon, 1876 by Iciuskoreanus  and both reports described its newly-discovered male: Pseudiciustokarensis  by Iciuskoreanus in Pseudiciuskoreanus, both females and males being reported at the same time, but without exception, the males in these reports all followed Pseudiciuskoreanus, based on both female and male specimens, but the male was misidentified and belonged P.tokarensis. Pseudiciuskoreanus with the male Tasanipponica Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987 and established a new combination Tasakoreana , based on sequencing data of the mitochondrial COI gene and somatic patterns. In the specimens they examined, multiple pairs of males and females were collected at the same time, which undoubtedly provided evidence for this combination. Tasakoreana to T.nipponica and removed the female into a newly-established genus Nepalicius Prószyński, 2016, named as N.koreanus .Initially, this species was established by Tasanipponica and the female with Pseudiciuskoreanus, which is consistent with Tasakoreanus  and re-described this species.In a field investigation, we collected a pair of jumping spiders and, after identification, we found that the male matches with All measurements are given in millimetres (mm). Leg measurements are shown as total length (femur + patella + tibia + metatarsus + tarsus). The epigyne was removed and cleared in a pancreatin solution . All speThe following abbreviations are used in the description: AERW—anterior eye row width; ALE—anterior lateral eyes; AME—anterior median eye; EFL—eye field length; PERW—posterior eye row width; PLE—posterior lateral eye; PME—posterior median eye; RTA—retrolateral tibial apophysis. Abbreviations used in the leg spination: d—dorsal; dt—dorsal terminal; pv—proventral; rv—retroventral; vt—ventral terminal., comb. rev.C8E8B0B7-8735-5497-88DF-CDB4A7678859PseudiciuskoreanusIciuskoreanus Xiao, 1993); Iciuskoreanus Xiao, 1993); P.tokaraensis); Iciuskoreanus Xiao, 1993); Iciuskoreanus Xiao, 1993). Wesołowska, 1981, see IciuskoreanusPseudicius); P.tokaraensis);  , see TasanipponicaTasakoreana, rejected here);  Bohdanowicz & Prószyński, 1987, see Pseudiciustokaraensis  - TasakoreanaPseudiciuskoreanus; male transferred from Tasanipponica). Suguro & Yahata, 2014, see Type status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Chi Ji; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Tasakoreanus ; namePublishedIn: Suguro, T. and Yahata, K. 2014. Acta Arachnologica, 63(2): 94.; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Salticidae; genus: Tasa; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CN; stateProvince: Hebei; county: Hanshan District; municipality: Handan; locality: Fuyang Park; verbatimElevation: 53 m; verbatimLatitude: 36.5927°N; verbatimLongitude: 114.5102°E; Identification: identifiedBy: Chi Jin; Event: samplingProtocol: by hand; year: 2019; month: 6; day: 1; habitat: tree trunkType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Chi Ji; individualCount: 1; sex: female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Tasakoreanus ; namePublishedIn: Suguro, T. and Yahata, K. 2014. Acta Arachnologica, 63(2): 94.; class: Arachnida; order: Araneae; family: Salticidae; genus: Tasa; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; countryCode: CN; stateProvince: Hebei; county: Hanshan District; municipality: Handan; locality: Fuyang Park; verbatimElevation: 53 m; verbatimLatitude: 36.5927°N; verbatimLongitude: 114.5102°E; Identification: identifiedBy: Chi Jin; Event: samplingProtocol: by hand; year: 2019; month: 6; day: 1; habitat: tree trunkMale Fig. A. Total Carapace dark brown, elongate and flat, nearly rectangular; dorsal surface covered with dense white hairs Fig. A; lateraPalp Fig. A–E. BulbFemale Fig. B–F. TotaCarapace with dark brown thorax, bright brown lateral sides and black eye field; almost entirely covered with dense white hairs, but hairless at junction of dorsal and lateral surface Fig. D. ChelicEpigyne Fig. D: copulaTasadavidi (Schenkel 1963), but can be distinguished from it by: 1) the two branches of RTA nearly equal in length, whereas the ventral branch is much shorter than the dorsal one in T.davidi , Japan, Korea.Habitat on tree trunks or branches.T.davidi, the type species of the genus Tasa, justifying its transfer to Tasa. Additionally, the stubby embolus of the male (sub T.nipponica) corresponds with the large copulatory openings and stout copulatory ducts of its female (sub P.koreanus)  clearly does not correspond with the large copulatory openings and stout copulatory ducts of its so-called female (sub P.koreanus)  Figs , 4. Rela


We have previously shown that the association between frequent cannabis use and psychosis is more likely in subgroups with low-grade inflammation than subgroups without (PMID: 33736715). The role of immune-related polymorphisms remains unknown.ENTPD1 and NT5E, involved in the synthesis of CD39, CD73, respectively, and anti-inflammatory adenosine; CTLA4 and FOXP1, essential for Treg functional capacity.To explore whether polymorphisms affecting the function of key immune regulatory proteins moderate the association between cannabis and psychosis, namely: ENTPD1: rs3814159, rs3176891, rs10748643; NT5E: rs9444348, rs2295890; CTLA4: rs3087243, rs231775, rs5742909, rs4553808; FOXP1: rs6803008, rs6786408, rs830599; Illumina Human Core Exome-24). Cannabis frequency  was assessed by self-report (Cannabis Experience Questionnaire). Binary logistic regression models  included case status as the outcome, genotype (dominant model), cannabis frequency, and an interaction term between the two as exposure, adjusting for confounders .We genotyped blood samples from 283 community-based controls and 140 recent-onset psychosis patients in Brazil  for twelve polymorphisms (ENTPD1 (rs3814159), NT5E (rs9444348), and FOXP1 (rs6786408). Less than daily or daily use were, in a dose-response fashion, only associated with psychosis in those with the variant and heterozygous genotypes; less than daily: ENTPD1 AG/GG ; NT5E AG/AA ; FOXP1 AC/CC ; daily: ENTPD1 AG/GG ; NT5E AG/AA ; FOXP1 AC/CC .We found significant interactions between cannabis use and polymorphisms for Variation in genes that affect Treg function appears to modify the effect of cannabis consumption on psychosis in keeping with Treg hypofunction hypothesis (PMID:33713699).No significant relationships.