Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in infants. Nirsevimab is a single-dose monoclonal antibody with extended half-life that was shown to protect preterm infants 29 to < 35 weeks gestation against RSV LRTI. However, most medically attended (MA) cases occur in otherwise healthy, term infants for whom there is currently no effective RSV prevention strategy. We report the primary analysis of efficacy and safety, along with the impact of nirsevimab in late preterm and term infants (≥ 35 weeks gestation) in the phase 3 MELODY study (NCT03979313).Infants were randomized 2:1 to receive one intramuscular injection of nirsevimab  or placebo entering their first RSV season. The primary endpoint was the incidence of MA RSV LRTI over 150 days postdose. Cases met predefined clinical criteria of disease severity and were confirmed by real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR. Safety was evaluated through 360 days postdose. Enrollment started on 23 July 2019 and was suspended following the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic by the WHO on 11 March 2020.Overall, 1490 infants were randomized and included in the intent-to-treat population; 1465 (98%) completed the 150-day efficacy follow-up, and 1367 (92%) completed the 360-day safety follow-up. The incidence of MA RSV LRTI was 1.2% (n=12/994) in the nirsevimab group and 5.0% (n=25/496) in the placebo group, giving nirsevimab an efficacy of 74.5% . Nirsevimab averted 93.6  MA LRTIs per 1000 infants dosed. Nirsevimab was well tolerated, with similar rates of adverse events  and serious adverse events  between groups.In this phase 3 study, a single dose of nirsevimab protected late preterm and term infants against MA RSV LRTI over an RSV season with a favorable safety profile. Approximately 11 infants need to be immunized to prevent 1 case of LRTI; nirsevimab has the potential to be an important intervention to reduce the burden of RSV LRTI in healthy infants.Laura Hammitt, MD, MedImmune Merck & Co., Inc. Novavax Pfizer  Laura Hammitt, MD, MedImmune  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Research grant to my institution; Merck  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Research grant to my institution; Pfizer  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Research grant to my institution Ron Dagan, MD, Medimmune/AstraZeneca MSD Pfizer  Yuan Yuan, PhD, AstraZeneca  Shabhir A. Mahdi, PhD, BMGF (Research Grant or Support)EDCTP (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Melody (Research Grant or Support)Minervax (Research Grant or Support)Novavax (Research Grant or Support)SAMRC (Research Grant or Support) William J. Muller, MD, PhD, Ansun (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Astellas (Scientific Research Study Investigator)AstraZeneca (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Genentech (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Gilead (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Janssen (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Karius (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Melinta (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Merck (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Nabriva (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Seqirus (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Tetraphase (Scientific Research Study Investigator) William J. Muller, MD, PhD, Ansun  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Astellas  Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; AstraZeneca  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; BD  Involved: Self): Research Grant or Support; Eli Lilly  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Gilead  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Karius, Inc.  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator; Melinta  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Merck  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Moderna  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Nabriva  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Seqirus  Involved: Self): Consultant; Tetraphase  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support Heather J. Zar, PhD, AstraZeneca (Grant/Research Support)Novavax (Grant/Research Support)Pfizer  Dennis Brooks, MD, AstraZeneca (Employee) Amy Grenham, MSc, AstraZeneca  Ulrika Wählby Hamrén, PhD, AstraZeneca R&D  Vaishali S. Mankad, MD, AstraZeneca (Employee) Therese Takas, BSc, AstraZeneca  Jon Heinrichs, PhD, AstraZeneca (Shareholder)Bristol Myers Squibb (Shareholder)J&J (Shareholder)Merck (Shareholder)Organon (Shareholder)Procter & Gamble (Shareholder)Sanofi (Shareholder)Sanofi Pasteur (Employee) Amanda Leach, MRCPCH, AstraZeneca  M. Pamela Griffin, MD, AstraZeneca (Employee) Tonya L. Villafana, PhD, AstraZeneca (Employee)


Klebsiella species is not well investigated in Qatar. The objective of this work was to characterize the genetic context of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella isolates recovered from clinical specimens.The molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella isolates (n=100) were collected at 7 tertiary hospitals from 2015-2017. Identification and susceptibility testing were performed using MALDI-TOF MS and BD Phoenix system, respectively. Whole Genome Sequencing was performed on the Illumina NextSeq platform. Phylogenomic analysis, screening of resistance and virulence genes, and comparison of genetic environment of carbapenemase were carried out.Klebsiella pneumoniae was common (80), followed by K. quasipneumoniae (16), K. aerogenes (3) and K. oxytoca (1). The most prevalent were genes encoding NDM-1 (39), OXA-48 (20), OXA-232 (10) and OXA-181 (12). KPC-2 (3) and KPC-3 (2) were also identified; no carbapenemase-encoding genes could be identified in 15 isolates. Plasmid locations of 24 carbapenemase-encoding genes were determined; blaNDM-1 was localized on IncFII replicon, while blaOXA-181 and blaOXA-232 were commonly associated with ColKP3 plasmids. pOXA-48-like plasmid was detected in 17/20 isolates harboring blaOXA-48. blaKPC-3 was located on a contig with ‘traditional’ Tn4401a mobile genetic element. Sequence types (STs) were diverse and the ‘traditional’ clonal group (CG) 258 was rare. K. pneumoniae ST147 was predominant (13), followed by ST231 (7) and ST11 (5). Nine K. quasipneumoniae isolates belonged to ST196 and were highly clonal. The virulence loci such as yersiniabactin (ybt) and rmpA were not detected within the study’s K. quasipneumoniae isolates. Amongst K. pneumoniae, there were 50 ybt+ isolates; 8 isolates had rmpA, and of these, 3 belonged to ST383. K. pneumoniae serotype K2, the capsular serotype associated with invasive liver abscess syndrome, was detected in 5 isolates. Genetic relationship of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and K. quasipneumoniae isolates in Qatar inferred from core genome SNPs.The tree is overlaid with predicted antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors for each isolate.Klebsiella species isolates in Qatar are NDM and OXA-48 like enzymes, disseminated through various plasmids. The detection of carbapenemase-producing isolate bearing rmpA and serotype K2 reflect the presence of both multidrug resistance and hypervirulence in K. pneumoniae.The predominant carbapenemases among clinical Yohei Doi, MD, PhD, AstraZeneca (Speaker’s Bureau)bioMerieux (Consultant)FujiFilm Gilead (Consultant)GSK (Consultant)Meiji (Consultant)MSD (Consultant)Shionogi (Consultant) Yohei Doi, MD, PhD, Astellas  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; AstraZeneca  Involved: Self): Speakers’ bureau; bioMerieux  Involved: Self): Consultant, Speakers’ bureau; Chugai  Involved: Self): Consultant; Entasis  Involved: Self): Consultant; FujiFilm  Involved: Self): Advisor or Review Panel member; Gilead  Involved: Self): Consultant; GSK  Involved: Self): Consultant; Kanto Chemical  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; MSD  Involved: Self): Speaking Fee; Pfizer  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Shionogi  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support, Speakers’ bureau; Teijin Healthcare  Involved: Self): Speakers’ bureau; VenatoRx  Involved: Self): Consultant


Morbidity from urinary tract infection (UTI) is high. Urine culture is the reference method for UTI diagnosis. Its diagnostic yield is limited as prior antibiotic use prevents growth of established uropathogens, many emerging uropathogens do not grow under routine culture conditions, and results interpretation can be subjective. Faster, more comprehensive diagnostics could help manage recurrent and/or drug-resistant infections. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of a precision metagenomic (PM) workflow for pathogen detection & antimicrobial resistance (AMR) characterization directly from urine.Residual urine samples from symptomatic adults evaluated by culture & susceptibility were identified by a combination of consecutive & stratified random sampling . DNA was extracted with modifications to the Quick-DNA Urine Kit (Zymo). Libraries were generated with Illumina DNA Prep with Enrichment for clinically relevant targets  with the Explify Urinary ID/AMR Panel . Enriched libraries were sequenced on the NextSeq550 (Illumina) and data analyzed with the Explify UPIP Data Analysis Solution (IDbyDNA). E. coli and K. pneumoniae (10/10), MRSA (9/9), and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (4/5). PM also detected pathogens associated with sexually-transmitted infection  and bacterial vaginosis . PM produced complete results within 24-36 hours of sample receipt (vs culture & susceptibility: 42-72 hrs).For bacterial uropathogens, 94% positive agreement was observed between this PM workflow and culture. PM detected fastidious and/or anaerobic potential uropathogens in 30% and 7% of samples reported as culture-negative or positive for other bacteria, respectively. Total agreement between AMR marker detection and phenotypic resistance was 78%. Notably, PM predicted phenotypes of ESBL The sensitivity of PM for uropathogen detection was noninferior to culture . PM predicted antimicrobial resistance phenotypes for common uropathogens and identified potential pathogens not detected by conventional culture. Future studies should assess the impact of PM-guided management on clinical outcomes.Rita C. Stinnett, PhD, MHS, IDbyDNA (Employee) Marta Mangifesta, PhD, IDbyDNA (Employee) Anagha Kadam, PhD, IDbyDNA (Employee) Heng Xie, PhD, IDbyDNA (Employee) Stacie Stauffer, BS, IDbyDNA (Employee) Jamie Lemon, PhD, D(ABMM), IDbyDNA (Employee) Benjamin Briggs, MD, PhD, IDbyDNA (Employee) Lauge Farnaes, MD, PhD, Cardea Bio (Advisor or Review Panel member)IDbyDNA (Employee) Robert Schlaberg, MD, MPH, IDbyDNA


Background: Maine veterans represent 11.8% of Maine population, twice that of the United States. Veterans are at risk for social isolation, loneliness and suicide. The mission of Vet To Vet (V2V) Maine, a non-profit organization, connects trained veteran volunteers with fellow veterans (veteran friends) for companionship, assistance with benefits, and support independent living. This study: (1) assessed if V2V program fulfilled its mission; and (2) determined any care partner effects from the program. Methods: Mixed methods research spanned 6-months, 2019-2020. Twenty-four participants; trained Veteran Volunteers (VV) were paired with Veteran Friends. Four Care Partners (CP) of Veteran Friends participated. Assessments included pre/post Veteran Rand Health Survey (VR-12), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Late Onset Stress Symptomatology (LOSS) Short Form. CPs completed pre/post Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22) assessments. Qualitative interviews focused on visits/activities, relationship building, and program feedback. Data analyses included Wilcoxon Sign Test and NVivo 12+ Qualitative Data Analysis Software. Results: Pre/post data failed to show significance (P=.05), however trends supported an improvement in mental and physical health scores. COVID-19 was a confounding variable as state stay-at-home orders occurred at the companion program study mid-point. Three key themes included; (1) Veteran Companionship; (2) Effects of COVID; and (3) Care Partners. The V2V Companion program was determined effective and reported highly successful relationship matches. CPs confirmed the importance and benefits of V2V. Conclusion: The V2V Maine companion program pilot research supported success in connecting Veterans Volunteer and Veteran Friends; fostering companionship, friendships, mentoring, assisting with benefits, and supporting independent living.


This study further evaluated the Haemophilus influenzae , Haemophilus parainfluenzae , Moraxella catarrhalis (490 isolates), and Streptococcus pneumoniae . The isolates were collected primarily from CARTIs (90.8%) and pneumonia in hospitalized patients . Organisms were tested using reference broth microdilution methods in a central laboratory. The study included a total of 2,476 fastidious organisms: 90 values of 0.5 mg/L against H. influenzae and 1 mg/L against H. parainfluenzae isolates. All 18 BLNAR isolates from these two species were inhibited at ≤1 mg/L of tebipenem. The MIC90 values observed for ertapenem and meropenem was 0.25 mg/L for these organisms. Tebipenem displayed good activity against M. catarrhalis . Tebipenem inhibited 100% of S. pneumoniae isolates at ≤1 mg/L. Tebipenem activity  was 8-fold greater than ertapenem  against S. pneumoniae isolates.Tebipenem had MICHaemophilus isolates, including all BLNAR, were inhibited at ≤1 mg/L. All M. catarrhalis isolates were inhibited at ≤0.03 mg/L. Although tebipenem activity correlated with penicillin resistance, all S. pneumoniae isolates were inhibited at ≤1 mg/L. Tebipenem in vitro activity was greater than ertapenem when tested against S. pneumoniae isolates. This data supports the possible development of tebipenem as an oral option for combating CARTIs caused by these organisms.Tebipenem displayed potent activity against fastidious organisms causing respiratory tract infections. Greater than 99.7% of all TableS J Ryan Arends, PhD, AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Nabriva Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support) Abby L. Klauer, n/a, Cidara Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support) Nicole Cotroneo, Spero Therapeutics  Ian A. Critchley, Ph.D., Spero Therapeutics  Rodrigo E. Mendes, PhD, AbbVie (Research Grant or Support)AbbVie (formerly Allergan) (Research Grant or Support)Cipla Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Cipla USA Inc. (Research Grant or Support)ContraFect Corporation (Research Grant or Support)GlaxoSmithKline, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Melinta Therapeutics, LLC (Research Grant or Support)Nabriva Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)Pfizer, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)Shionogi (Research Grant or Support)Spero Therapeutics (Research Grant or Support)


CHARGE-AF in a national routine primary care electronic health records database in the Netherlands: validation for 5-year risk of atrial fibrillation and implications for patient selection in atrial fibrillation screening. Open Heart 2021;8:e001459. doi: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001459Himmelreich JCL, Lucassen WAM, Harskamp RE, This article has been corrected since it was first published. The provenance and peer review statement has been included.


Lithobiomorpha, with only 100 species/subspecies hitherto known from the country, among which are only seven species of Hessebius. Here we are describing a new species of the genus Hessebius.The myriapod fauna of China is still poorly known and very little attention had been paid to the study of Hessebiuscrassifemoralis sp. nov., is described and illustrated from Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve, Hebei Province, China. The new species is compared with H.luquensis Qiao, Qin, Ma, Su & Zhang, 2018 from Gansu Province, China. A key to Chinese species, based on adult specimens, is provided. Type specimens and other material are deposited in the School of Life Sciences, Hengshui University, Hengshui, China.A new lithobiid species,  Hessebius was originally proposed as a genus in the family Lithobiidae by H.kosswigi Verhoeff, 1941 and H.tauricus Verhoeff, 1941 described from Turkey. The latter species was re-assigned to the genus Lithobius Leach, 1814 by Hessebius and considered it as having generic rank and selected H.kosswigi Verhoeff, 1941 from Turkey, by subsequent designation, as type species , southern Urals, south-west Russia , westwards up to the Middle East and eastern Mediterranean basin   . Present species , amongstSpecimens were collected under leaf litter or stones and preserved in 75% ethanol. Illustrations and measurements were produced using a ZEISS SteREO Discovery.V20 microscope equipped with an Abbe drawing tube and an ocular micrometre and Axiocam 512 colour. The colour description is based on specimens fixed in 75% ethanol. The body length is measured from the anterior margin of the cephalic plate to the posterior end of the postpedal tergite. The terminology of the external anatomy follows Pei, Ma, Lu, Liu & Liang, 2021sp. n.6052AC1A-AB01-5DF2-945C-D73F732AC739293BB0D6-D9DA-4971-8017-430612B8B6C0Type status:Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Pei, Ma, Lu, Liu & Liang; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Hessebiuscrassifemoralis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Chilopoda; order: Lithobiomorpha; family: Lithobiidae; genus: Hessebius; taxonRank: species; taxonomicStatus: species; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Hebei; county: Taocheng; locality: Longyuan hotel, Hebei Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve, Hebei Province, China; verbatimElevation: 24 m a.s.l.; decimalLatitude: 37.649011; decimalLongitude: 115.659337; Identification: identifiedBy: Huiqin Ma; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: eventDate: 24/07/2020; Record Level: collectionCode: Myriapoda; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Pei, Ma, Lu, Liu & Liang; individualCount: 7; sex: 6 male and 1 female; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Hessebiuscrassifemoralis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Chilopoda; order: Lithobiomorpha; family: Lithobiidae; genus: Hessebius; taxonRank: species; taxonomicStatus: species; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Hebei; county: Taocheng; locality: Longyuan hotel, Hebei Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve, Hebei Province, China; verbatimElevation: 24 m a.s.l.; decimalLatitude: 37.649011; decimalLongitude: 115.659337; Identification: identifiedBy: Huiqin Ma; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: eventDate: 24/07/2020; Record Level: collectionCode: Myriapoda; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenType status:Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Pei, Ma, Lu, Liu & Liang; lifeStage: adult; Taxon: scientificName: Hessebiuscrassifemoralis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Chilopoda; order: Lithobiomorpha; family: Lithobiidae; genus: Hessebius; taxonRank: species; taxonomicStatus: species; Location: continent: Asia; country: China; stateProvince: Hebei; county: Jizhou; locality: Weitun town, Jizhou County, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, China; verbatimElevation: 23 m a.s.l.; decimalLatitude: 37.608275; decimalLongitude: 115.640952; Identification: identifiedBy: Huiqin Ma; dateIdentified: 2020; Event: eventDate: 21/04/2013; Record Level: collectionCode: Myriapoda; basisOfRecord: PreservedSpecimenBody Fig. A. 9.9–15Colour. Antennae chestnut-brown, the base nodes a deeper shade, the chestnut-brown gradually becomes yellow-brown at the end of articles 3–5, terminal article yellow brown; tergites yellow-brown with brownish hue, cephalic plate, TT13–15 deep red-brown; pleural region pale grey with pale purple hue; sternites pale yellow-brown; distal part of forcipules dark brown; basal and proximal parts of forcipules and forcipular coxosternite and SS14 and 15 yellow-brown; all legs pale yellow-brown with pale blackish hue; tarsus 1 of tibia yellow-brown, tarsus 2 more yellow on all legs.Antennae. 18–23 articles, but antennae were damaged in the most part of the specimens examined and only eleven appear complete, usually 19–21 articles. Length of first antennal article slightly longer than width of the base, length of the remaining articles obviously larger than wide, the distalmost articles still significantly longer than wide, 2.3–3.1 times as long as wide; abundant setae on the antennal surface, fewer on the basal articles, gradual increasing in density to approximately the fifth article, then more or less constant.Cephalic plate. Smooth, convex, slightly wider than long; tiny setae emerging from pores scattered very sparsely over the whole surface; frontal marginal ridge with shallow anterior median furrow; short to long setae scattered along the marginal ridge of the cephalic plate; lateral marginal ridge discontinuous, posterior margin continuous, almost straight, evidently wider than lateral marginal ridge Fig. B.Ocelli. Six to seven (commonly seven) oval to rounded ocelli on each side, from small to large, arranged in three irregular rows, the posterior ocellus the largest. Ventral ocelli slightly smaller than the dorsal, domed, translucent and usually darkly pigmented Fig. C.Tömösváry’s organ Fig. C. Close Coxosternite. Subtrapezoidal Fig. D, anteriTergites. Smooth, without wrinkles, dorsum slightly convex; short to long tiny setae emerging from pores scattered sparsely over the entire surface, near the margin with few long setae; TT1 and 3 narrower than the cephalic plate, T3 wider than the T1. T1 narrower postero-laterally than antero-laterally, generally inverted trapezoidal; lateral marginal ridges of all tergites continuous. Posterior margin of TT1, 3 and 5 continuous, posterior margin of TT8, 10, 12 and 14 discontinuous; posterior margin of TT1 and 3 straight, posterior marginal ridge of TT3 and 5 slightly concave, TT8, 10, 12 and 14 concave  in female, 4-5-5(4)-4 and 3-4-4-3 in male; slightly oval or round, commonly round, coxal pore field set in a relatively shallow groove, the coxal pore-field fringe with a slight prominence and moderately long setae sparsely scattered over the surface.Female. S15 anterior margin broader than posterior, generally an inverted trapezoid, postero-medially concave. Moderately long setae sparsely scattered on S15 surface. Surface of the lateral sternal margin of genital segment well chitinised, posterior margin of genital sternite deeply concave between condyles of gonopods, except for a small, median tongue-shaped bulge. Relatively long setae very sparsely scattered over ventral surface of the genital segment, slightly more setae on posterior part, especially along the posterior edge. Gonopods: first article fairly broad, bearing many moderately long setae; with 3+3 small coniform spurs, inner spur slightly smaller than the outer Fig. A; secondMale. S 15 posterior margin narrower than anterior, postero-medially straight, sparsely covered with long setae; sternite of genital segment evidently smaller than the female, usually sclerotised; posterior margin deeply concave between the gonopods, without medial bulge. Short to long setae equally scattered on the ventral surface of the genital segment. Gonopods short and small, appearing as small finger-like bulges, with two long setae, apically slightly sclerotised Fig. E.H.longispinipes Ma, Pei & Zhu, 2009 from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China SW, with which it shares antennae 18–23 articles, six to seven ocelli on each side arranged in three irregular rows, the posterior ocellus largest, 2+2 prosternal teeth, coxal pore formula of 3–5, dorsal sulci present on male tibia of legs 14th and 15th and legs 15th lacking accessory spurs. However, they can be distinguished easily by the following characters. The new species absent dorsal posterior spine of tibia of legs 14 in contrast to present in H.longispinipes; DaC spine present on the legs 9–12 vs. absent in H.longispinipes; having 3+3 coniform-shaped spurs of female gonopods instead of 2+2 bullet-shaped spurs in H.longispinipes; apical claw of female gonopods bidentate instead of simple apical claw in H.longispinipes.The new species is morphologically close to Hessebius, an identification key is offered, emphasising characters that can be examined without high-magnification microscopy; moreover, these characters are specific to the taxa occurring in China.To assist in the identification of the Chinese species belonging to the genus


Correction to: Isr J Health Policy Res 10, 24 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-021-00460-2results and study limitations section. The incorrect and correct information is shown here, the updated information is shown in bold. The original article has been updated.In the original publication of the article  there waIncorrectTwelve Israeli hospitals  participated in the study: Shamir-Asaf HaRofe (Rishon Lezion), Poria (Tiberias), Mayanei Hayeshua (Bnei Brak), Ichilov (Tel Aviv), Wolfson (Holon), Barzilai (Ashkelon), Bnei Zion (Haifa), Hadassah Ein Karem , Bikur Cholim  and Shaarei Zedek . Excluded hospitals included the seven hospitals of Clalit HMO: Rabin-Beilinson (Petach Tikva), Yoseftal (Eilat), Soroka (Beersheva), HaEmek (Afula), Meir (Kfar Saba), Kaplan (Rehovot), Carmel (Haifa). Also excluded were hospitals that did not obtain IRB approval: the Nazareth hospitals , Sheba (Tel Hashomer), Laniado (Netanya), Hillel Yaffe (Hadera), Rambam (Haifa).CorrectZiv (Tzfat), Poria (Tiberias), Mayanei Hayeshua (Bnei Brak), Ichilov (Tel Aviv), Wolfson (Holon), Barzilai (Ashkelon), Bnei Zion (Haifa), Hadassah Ein Karem , Hadassah Mt Scopus , Bikur Cholim  and Shaarei Zedek . Excluded hospitals included the seven hospitals of Clalit HMO: Rabin-Beilinson (Petach Tikva), Yoseftal (Eilat), Soroka (Beersheva), HaEmek (Afula), Meir (Kfar Saba), Kaplan (Rehovot), Carmel (Haifa). Also excluded were hospitals that did not obtain IRB approval: the Nazareth hospitals , Sheba (Tel Hashomer), Laniado (Netanya), Hillel Yaffe (Hadera), Rambam (Haifa).Twelve Israeli hospitals  participated in the study: Shamir-Asaf HaRofe (Rishon Lezion), IncorrectThere was some degree of geographical bias. The central region is represented reasonably appropriately; Shamir-Asaf HaRofe (Rishon Lezion), Mayanei Hayeshua (Bnei Brak), Ichilov (Tel Aviv), and Wolfson (Holon) are included, while Rabin-Beilinson (Petach Tikva), Meir (Kfar Saba), Sheba (Tel Hashomer), Laniado (Netanya) are not. However outside of the central region, there is geographical bias, with over-representation of Jerusalem and under-representation of the north and south. Clalit have no hospitals in the Jerusalem area, the highest birthrate area in the country, and so all the Jerusalem hospitals  were included. By comparison, in the north only Poria (Tiberias), Ziv (Tzfat), and Bnei Zion (Haifa) were included, while HaEmek (Afula), Carmel (Haifa), the Nazareth hospitals, Galilee Medical Center (Nahariya), Hillel Yaffe (Hadera), and Rambam (Haifa) were not. In the south only Barzilai (Ashkelon) was included, while Yoseftal (Eilat), Soroka (Beersheva), and Kaplan (Rehovot) were not.CorrectShaarei Zedek, Bikur Cholim, Hadassah Ein Karem and Hadassah Mt Scopus) were included. By comparison, in the north only Poria (Tiberias), Ziv (Tzfat), and Bnei Zion (Haifa) were included, while HaEmek (Afula), Carmel (Haifa), the Nazareth hospitals, Galilee Medical Center (Nahariya), Hillel Yaffe (Hadera), and Rambam (Haifa) were not. In the south only Barzilai (Ashkelon) was included, while Yoseftal (Eilat), Soroka (Beersheva), and Kaplan (Rehovot) were not.There was some degree of geographical bias. The central region is represented reasonably appropriately; Shamir-Asaf HaRofe (Rishon Lezion), Mayanei Hayeshua (Bnei Brak), Ichilov (Tel Aviv), and Wolfson (Holon) are included, while Rabin-Beilinson (Petach Tikva), Meir (Kfar Saba), Sheba (Tel Hashomer), Laniado (Netanya) are not. However outside of the central region, there is geographical bias, with over-representation of Jerusalem and under-representation of the north and south. Clalit have no hospitals in the Jerusalem area, the highest birthrate area in the country, and so all the Jerusalem hospitals (


Correction to: BMC Infect Dis 21, 459 (2021)https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06170-zAfter publication of the original article , an erroThe incorrect names are:Sima Pourteymour;Hassan MahmoudiThe correct names are:Sima Pourteimour;Hassan MahmoodiThe original article has been corrected.


This requires taxonomically accurate training sets for correct species identification and the present paper is the first to provide such data.Southern Ocean ecosystems are currently experiencing increased environmental changes and anthropogenic pressures, urging scientists to report on their biodiversity and biogeography. Two major taxonomically diverse and trophically important gelatinous zooplankton groups that have, however, stayed largely understudied until now are the cnidarian jellyfish and ctenophores. This data scarcity is predominantly due to many of these fragile, soft-bodied organisms being easily fragmented and/or destroyed with traditional net sampling methods. Progress in alternative survey methods including, for instance, optics-based methods is slowly starting to overcome these obstacles. As video annotation by human observers is both time-consuming and financially costly, machine-learning techniques should be developed for the analysis of in situ optics-based surveys of jellyfish and ctenophores found under the ice in the McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Our study constitutes the first optics-based survey of gelatinous zooplankton in the Ross Sea and the first study to use in situ / in aqua observations to describe taxonomic and some trophic and behavioural characteristics of gelatinous zooplankton from the Southern Ocean. Despite the small geographic and temporal scales of our study, we provided new undescribed morphological traits for all observed gelatinous zooplankton species (eight cnidarian and four ctenophore species). Three ctenophores and one leptomedusa likely represent undescribed species. Furthermore, along with the photography and videography, we prepared a Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset, so that this study is the first to provide a taxonomist-ratified image training set for future machine-learning algorithm development concerning Southern Ocean gelatinous zooplankton species.In this study, we twice conducted three week-long  Southern Ocean ecosystems have experienced increasing environmental changes over the last decades . These cGelatinous zooplankton, comprising jellyfish, ctenophores and chordate tunicates , are ubiin situ optical methods certainly lies in the development of more efficient and accurate video/image analysis tools, with machine-learning-based algorithms able to distinguish between the numerous species, an additional difficulty is providing an accurate training dataset. As biogeographic datasets and imaging libraries for gelatinous zooplankton are growing, species misidentification is not uncommon, highlighting the need for taxonomically-accurate datasets  , the French Français expedition 1904–1907 and the Swedish Antarctic 1901–1903 expedition   e.g. , the Bri3”) e.g. , the Scond sank) . After tnd sank) , up untiand 1972 . Totalli20-130°W . In moreern e.g.  and cruiaru e.g. . All thein situ and live animal-based photography and videography to describe taxonomic and some trophic and behavioural characteristics of living hydromedusae, scyphomedusae, siphonophores and ctenophores from the Southern Ocean. Furthermore, we prepared a Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset, so that this study is the first to provide a taxonomist-ratified image training set for future machine-learning algorithm development concerning Southern Ocean gelatinous zooplankton species.Reports employing alternative survey methods for gelatinous zooplankton in the Southern Ocean, such as genetics or optics-based surveys, are few. For instance, sequences suitable for DNA barcoding remain rare, especially at species-level taxonomic resolution, with the notable exceptions of some siphonophore species e.g.  and a feImagery and video data of under-ice gelatinous zooplankton were acquired at Cape Evans  over two different field campaigns conducted during the period of November-December 2018 and 2019 (Antarctic summer). A field camp was established for a duration of 3 weeks for each campaign, and was located approximately 200 m from the coast on Antarctic fast-ice  Fig. . Due to in situ as they neared the water-air interface and the LED light immersed in the water. Subjects smaller in size or dynamic in movement, were scooped out of the water using a 15 × 15 cm acrylic glass container filled with water at the in situ temperature, imaged with the same set-up under controlled illumination conditions and then returned to the water. It is worth mentioning that this observation methodology was non-exhaustive and limited to organisms that were easily seen from the ice-hole opening.For both campaigns, a large 2 × 1.8 m ice-hole was made through a combination of 6” Jiffy auger holes and hot-water drilling , equipped with a GoPro Hero 5; a Seabotix LBV-300 ROV  for the 2018 campaign and a BlueROV2  for the 2019 campaign. Additional underwater footage straight beneath the ice hole was acquired using Boxfish 360’s three large Micro Four Thirds cameras  deployed at different depths of the water columns using a weighted rope.https://github.com/openvinotoolkit/cvat). COCO is a large-scale object detection, segmentation and captioning dataset. It is the most popular type of dataset used for training deep learning programmes.The raw, untreated images and videos were used to build online datasets (see "Data resources" section). The brightness and contrast of the images to build the plates  were sometimes altered to reveal underlying morphological structures. The Common Objects in Context (COCO) dataset was generated by annotating the specimens in the images and videos using the free, open source, Computer Vision Annotation Tool (CVAT) FDF620AB-2967-50F2-A3A3-916F38CF394EType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2019_Koellikerina_maasi_a; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: "http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993", "https://youtu.be/QiBPf_HYrQ8", "https://youtu.be/-BonvTRljY8"; Taxon: scientificName: Koellikerinamaasi; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Bougainvilliidae; genus: Koellikerina; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90mm F2.8 Macro G OSS lens; eventDate: 2019-11-26; Record Level: type: StillImage, Video; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2018_Koellikerina_maasi_b; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993; Taxon: scientificName: Koellikerinamaasi; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Bougainvilliidae; genus: Koellikerina; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: NIKON D500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90mm F2.8 Di Macro VC USD F017N lens; eventDate: 2018-11-27; Record Level: type: StillImage; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2018_Koellikerina_maasi_c; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993; Taxon: scientificName: Koellikerinamaasi; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Bougainvilliidae; genus: Koellikerina; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: NIKON D500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90mm F2.8 Di Macro VC USD F017N lens; eventDate: 2018-11-29; Record Level: type: StillImage; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliSouthern Ocean, in the McMurdo Sound , off AdéOriginal description afterBrowne (1910)Koellikeriamaasi Browne, 1910) : Bell-shaped medusa, with very thick, higher than broad (up to 9 mm wide and 10 mm high), umbrella with a rounded summit; four broad radial canals, adjacent to the ectodermal lining of the sub-umbrella, attached at the base of the stomach; radial grooves in the wall of the sub-umbrella, adjacent to the radial canals; large and cross-shaped stomach, interior covered with minute endodermal papillae, with a slender mesogleal strand running along the centre of the papilla; four dichotomously branched perradial oral tentacles inserted above the mouth rim, the number of branches increasing with age , distal branches terminating with small nematocyst-covered cap; mouth circular and simple; four perradial gonadal masses, covering nearly entirely the outer wall of the manubrium; eight groups of solid marginal tentacles , the number of tentacles in each group increasing with age, with three to seven tentacles in the perradial groups and three to five tentacles in the interradial groups, the middle tentacle per group being the longest, with the middle tentacle of the perradial groups being longer than the middle one of the interradial groups; no ocelli present. Characters gleaned from species’ illustrations : mesogleal thickness between the ex- and sub-umbrella on the top of the bell ca. one fourth of the height of the ex-umbrella in young specimens and ca. half the height in adults; manubrium size ca. one third the height of the sub-umbrella in young specimens, ca. half the height in adults. Type locality: McMurdo Sound , Antarctica.10) Fig. A-B: BellAdditional information from specimens from the Southern Ocean: from Gauss Station (0-385 m depth) (Weddell Sea (m depth)  ; from New Zealand  as a juvenile Original description afterLarson and Harbison (1990): Conical umbrella with a pointed projection of variable height (dimensions of holotype: 10 mm high × 9 mm wide); thick mesoglea; velum narrow, thin, and transparent; four large perradial tentacles, tapering and not laterally compressed, which are coiled when contracted; salmon-coloured perradial tentacle bulbs; up to 28 short “rudimentary” tentacles Fig. A: ConicaAdditional information on specimens identified as same species from outside the Southern Ocean: from the Mediterranean Sea : N = 2 in 2018, N = 1 in 2019. The morphology of our observed specimens matched closely those from previous descriptions. The height of the apical pointed projection ca. 15-20% of the bell height, corresponding to the “variable height” from the original description B8139797-14CE-5599-9F80-7BBBE4F716DBType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2018_Solmundella_bitentaculata_a; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993; Taxon: scientificName: Solmundellabitentaculata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Narcomedusae; family: Solmundaeginidae; genus: Solmundella; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumElevationInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: NIKON D500 camera equipped with a TAMRON SP 90mm F2.8 Di Macro VC USD F017N lens; eventDate: 2018-11-27; Record Level: type: StillImage; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliCosmopolitan . In the Original description afterQuoy and Gaimard (1833)Carybdeabitentaculata Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) : umbrella consisting of two parts, with a heart-like, marquee-shaped upper part and a more flared, undulated , lower part; two thin, long, rigid tentacles, with inside looking hollow, bending like horns and leaving from the junction between the two umbrella parts, penetrating deep inside the umbrella; large stomach, located deep in the umbrella, harbouring eight manubrial pouches; colour of the bottom of the medusa white or a red-gold yellow; colour of the tentacles reddish at the tip, greenish in the middle. Type locality: Ambon Bay, Indonesia.33) Fig. A: umbrelAdditional information from specimens from the Southern Ocean: There is currently only one species of Solmundella, though historically they were long dissociated into the species S.bitentaculata  and S.mediterranea , which were subsequently synonymised  little broader than high, with a rather flat top, about on the level of the exit of the tentacles. Many small clusters of ectodermal cells scattered over the ex-umbrella, especially noticeable near the margin of the umbrella, containing many well-defined granules and generally harboured amongst those cells are a number of nematocysts. Four peronial grooves in the wall of the umbrella, cutting deep into the jelly at the margin of the umbrella, but of variable length and depth, with very conspicuous rudimentary grooves in each of the perradii without tentacles. The peronial band in each of the perradii without tentacles, runs alongside the sub-umbrella and turns off at the level of the stomach to the ex-umbrella, where there is a small funnel-shaped pit, showing a fair amount of variation. Gonads confined to the pouches of the stomach, but can extend over the lower part of to the stomach, nearly up to the mouth. Mouth circular. Tentacles 4-7 times as long as the umbrella diameter, of max. 40 mm in length. Margin of the umbrella invariably curled up. Up to eight sensory organs. Four minute interradial bulbs on the margin; from Gauss Station as S.bitentaculata, up to nine mm in diameter, one sensory organ  per quadrant, flanked by two or three rhopali [sic] : N = 1 in 2018. The shape of the bell (height 2/3 of width) was similar to the original description (i.e. upper marquee-shaped part and lower flatter part)  Fig. A and, thrt) Fig. F, Japan ted e.g.  or repreted e.g. . AlthougB2020F4A-E1F8-5DB6-89F9-C0C0C30C7FA3Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2019_Leptomedusa_sp_A_a; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Leptomedusae; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90mm F2.8 Macro G OSS lens; eventDate: 2019-11-14; Record Level: type: StillImage; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliDescription of and comments on observed material: N = 1 in 2019   . The pre(Cosmetirella simplex sp. inc.)F649419A-E6FF-5483-A401-8EAC31A7EAADType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2019_Leptomedusa_sp_B_a; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: https://youtu.be/hrufuPQ7F8U; Taxon: kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Leptomedusae; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90mm F2.8 Macro G OSS lens; eventDate: 2019-11-22; Record Level: type: StillImage, Video; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliDescription of and comments on observed material: N = 1 in 2019 , presence of statocysts or cordyli , gonads not extending on manubrium (Tiarannidae). Transparent medusa, four radial canals; 28 tentacles, short and white, with the inside of tentacle bulb light orange; sometimes one rudimentary tentacle bulb between each pair of tentacles; gonads very thin and linear located on the lateral canals, ca. one third of the radial canals away from the bell margin and length ca. one fifth of the length of the radial canal. Diagnostic characters that could not be definitively verified for further classification of the medusa: distinction and structure of statocyst or cordyli, gastric peduncle and manubrium connection to sub-umbrella. It resembles Cosmetirellasimplex Browne, 1910, which was described with 32 tentacles or more and which is currently regarded as synonymous with Cosmetirelladavisii  , which was described by C.simplex) and a larger form from the sub-Antarctic with more (56-150) tentacles (C.davisii + C.kerguelensis). Until these forms can be definitively assigned to the same species using molecular techniques, we tentatively assign the present individual to C.simplex, noting that, although cirri apparently are not present, we were unable to count the number or observe the type of statocysts for a definitive species identification.019 Fig. . This mel canals . The folMoser, 1925FE07A83C-DB7C-5162-8797-BC5A593B1624Type status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2019_Pyrostephos_vanhoeffeni_a; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: "http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993", "https://youtu.be/R5E_HAW49DM", "https://youtu.be/o0XGpFavjyo", "https://youtu.be/QAADM0MERIo", "https://youtu.be/zEA6-7-qcYI", "https://youtu.be/SbuAA2nEVnU"; Taxon: scientificName: Pyrostephosvanhoeffeni; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Siphonophorae; family: Pyrostephidae; genus: Pyrostephos; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90mm F2.8 Macro G OSS lens; eventDate: 2019-11-25; Record Level: type: StillImage, Video; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano CimoliType status:Other material. Occurrence: individualID: MCMEC2019_Pyrostephos_vanhoeffeni_b; lifeStage: adult; associatedMedia: "http://morphobank.org/permalink/?P3993", "https://youtu.be/tW2Ko92f3Bo", "https://youtu.be/2rrQCybEg0Q", "https://youtu.be/G9tev_gdUvQ", "https://youtu.be/NfJjKBRh5Hs", "https://youtu.be/1-aLzxLpzWs", "https://youtu.be/HnaIASH9yM0", "https://youtu.be/OSTJ3ldg63w", "https://youtu.be/d7OPyXn64g4", "https://youtu.be/YE50FZg8mpU", "https://youtu.be/csUoJl5Mapc", "https://youtu.be/uc6cP0YSrwc"; Taxon: scientificName: Pyrostephosvanhoeffeni; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Siphonophorae; family: Pyrostephidae; genus: Pyrostephos; Location: continent: Antarctica; waterBody: McMurdo Sound; maximumDepthInMeters: 1; decimalLatitude: -77.637; decimalLongitude: 166.401; Identification: identifiedBy: Dhugal Lindsay; Event: samplingProtocol: Sony Alpha 7 III camera equipped with a FE 90mm F2.8 Macro G OSS lens; eventDate: 2018-11-29; Record Level: type: StillImage, Video; language: en; rightsHolder: Emiliano Cimoli71°2’S, 166°24’E)   , east An66°24’E) ; north o19°54’W) ; Souther19°54’W) ; South A19°54’W) , Argenti19°54’W)  and San 19°54’W) ; New Zea19°54’W) .Original description afterMoser (1925): The original description is convoluted with much misapplied terminology, which was clarified and represented by 925)Fig. A-B: The Description afterTotton (1965)of specimens at longitude 90°E, just off the Antarctic continent and from the Ross Sea from under the ice: we updated the terminology to describe Siphonophorae as in Pneumatophore: apex not pigmented. Nectosome: relatively long, two rows of nectophores. Nectophores: minimum 20 mm in length, carried on narrow muscular lamellae, which are inserted into a long bow-shaped mantle  canal that lies in a groove on the pedicular side  of the nectophore. The pedicular canal  bifurcates almost at once to form the upper  and lower  radial canals. The two lateral radial canals arise separately from the upper canal and take an outward and ascending course on the pedicular nectosac-wall to cross over on to the lateral wall of the same. Here, each form first a small downward loop and then the main downward, lateral loop. After crossing under a fold in the lateral wall, each makes a final downward loop to run to the circular canal round the ostium. The lower radial canal is generally straight, but may have a few small bends. The upper canal usually has three or four more marked bends on the upper part of the nectosac. Nectosac has inpushing of the proximal  side of its median part, absence of musculature from the median wall part similar to Bargmannia spp. or Marrus spp. Siphosome: dioecious (single-sexed), gonophores budding from one another to form small bunches, with male gonophores sausage shaped (size at maturity 1.3 × 0.5 mm) or female gonophores ovoid (0.5 mm in diameter), containing three to five eggs arranged meridionally and giving external appearance of the seams of a football. Continuous ventral line of budding gastrozooids (on the unsegmented stem), with young gastrozooids having an almost cylindrical basigaster and a conventional tentacle arising from a point very close to the junction of the basigaster with the pedicel (or pedicle). Mature gastrozooids (15 × 2 mm) spindle-shaped, consisting of three sections: the basigaster, the main stomach and a proboscis. Endodermal wall of the stomach vacuolated and consisting of four main types of cells. Each vacuole (ca. 0.07 mm in diameter) surrounded by 4-5 smaller more irregular vacuolated cells and forming transparent patches visible through the stomach wall. Small darker conical-shaped secretory cells  present in endoderm, located at the intersection of several cell boundaries, with their hemispherical surfaces projecting into the lumen of the gastrozooid and carrying stiff cilia (ca. 0.01 mm in length), similar to those described in the palpons of Apolemia by Colour: stem orange in adults, vermilion in juveniles; nectophores wine red in adults, pink in juveniles; ostia carmine; gastrozooids golden red with fiery red mouth; cnidosacs fiery red.Description of and comments on observed material : N = 3 in 2018, N = 4 in 2019. Pneumatophore: non-retractable transparent tube  by angling the ostial velum of the nectophores to deflect extruded water anteriorally , Bellingshausen Sea : medusa with 16 rhopalia, 16 tentacles and 32 marginal lappets, regularly alternating, with narrow canals, ramified at the periphery, connected through a circular canal. Early stage (15 mm diameter)  .rMaas 190, with 16 fairly long arms divided into two flat lobes, 32 straight unbranched radial canals, 16 of which directly run from the stomach to the rhopalia and alternating with 16 in the axis of the tentacles, the latter developed slightly later than the rhopalial canals. Tentacles in rudimentary stage, either as bulb-like buds, tapering elongated buds or minute tentacles. In the smallest ephyra, only four of those tentacular buds present and an additional 12 buds develop, in irregular intervals and without any definite order, as the medusa grows. Stomach small and circular, with four gastric filaments (number increasing as medusa grows), with one filament in each group much longer than the others in the early developmental stages. Mouth simple large opening, without any definite lips or arms, which appear later. Ex-umbrella covered with small clusters of nematocysts, which, in later stages, will be confined to the aboral side of the marginal lobes. Circular canal formed by outgrowths from the radial canals and formed before the branches of the rhopaliar canals begin to develop. Meta-ephyra stage (15-25 mm diameter) similar to Adult stage , umbrella thin, margin of the mouth studded with warts and short protuberances containing nematocysts, stomach is a flat circular cavity (size 2/3 of umbrella diameter), covered in a moderately thick layer of mesoglea on its lower side. Radial canals as described by Bellingshausen Sea, Ross Sea and Davis Sea  appears in Figure 3 of Beroe sp. A or B. Regarding "B.ovale" .ral pole . The ide species , many ha species . We, thean Table , namely:ion e.g.  . Another pink-orange Beroe was collected and photographed off Argentina, but the specimen was too damaged to properly identify , eight comb rows above the meridional canals, starting close to the aboral end, of equal length ca. 2/3 of the body length [ca. 85 comb plates per row in Little Razorback Island LRISH2010_Beroe_sp_A_g specimen], meridional canals extend past the oral end of the comb rows, space between comb plates short ; white and brownish-orange divertula without anastomoses; orange-brown stomodeum, its length nearly full body length. None of the currently described Beroe species found in the Southern Ocean matched with the description of our specimens , transparent  or of lighter colour  : length specimens 2-13 mm, body slim, slightly flattened at the stomodaeal region. Two keels at the aboral pole , the body gradually widening from the mouth onwards when viewed from the substomodeal plane, while appearing cylindrical and tapered towards both ends when viewed from the subtentacular plane. Lip-shaped protuberance (i.e. “Sinneskörper”) near statocyst missing. The keels are wide and short, similar to those of Callianiraantarctica, but much shorter compared to those of Callianirabialata. The oval opening of the tentacle sheath is located laterally directly under the blunt tips of the keels, lower compared to C.antarctica. The comb rows lie on strong protruding meridional ridges, between which the body surface is concave. The comb rows are very long, with the substomodeal comb rows running from the height of the statocyst to one-fifth of the body length from the oral end, whereas the shorter subtentacular comb rows run from slightly deeper in the base of the wings to one-quarter of the body length from the oral end. The comb plates (i.e. “Schwimmplättchen”) lie on strongly protruding basal swellings ; they are narrow and very long, the longest comb plates found in the aboral third of the body, from where they shorten fairly quickly in length towards the aboral pole and gradually shorten towards the oral pole. The space between the comb plates of the substomodeal comb rows is wider compared to the subtentacular ones. Two long polar plates slide between the aboral ends of the substomodeal comb rows. Mouth small and is bound by two lips lying in the stomodaeal plane. Stomach very slim and long (length ca. 4/5 body length), with short swellings. Perradial canals (i.e. “Trichtergefäß”) short, rather thick pipes. Statocyst exposed. The adradial canals  enter the meridional canals  at the same height as the infundibulum (i.e. “Trichter”). Tentacle bulbs short and wide, located very low, at the same height as the infundibulum, between the infundibulum and the body wall. The tentacle bulbs are pointed orally, split aborally into two short tips and have in their middle, both proximally and distally, each a short cone, from which the tentacle arises. Tentacle sheath (i.e. “Scheide”) short and very wide, with small oval openings near the tip of the keels. Colour not stated, likely colourless. Compared to C.antarctica, the only other Callianira species reported from the Southern Ocean , Antarctica.09) Fig. A-B: lengean e.g. , accordiDescription and comments of observed material: N = 1 in 2019  and a Cydippida sp.  from Antarctica. Figure 2 in Mertensiidae sp. Antarctica, while all other figures, including Figure 3 with the photograph, refer to this sequence as "Cydippida species Antarctica". Although the morphology of the animal in Figure 3 is vastly different from the undescribed species dealt with in the present paper, it is unclear whether the photograph assigned to the Mertensiid sequence in revision . We provComments on observed material: N = 4 in 2018 and N = 2 in 2019 : Clionelimacinaantarctica     Fig. , Spongio18) Fig. , Limacin19) Fig. ,and variLatreille, 1816B32230DB-33A4-535A-8919-FB7D15CACD8BEusiridae   or Ctenophora (30.6%), whereas the remaining observed phyla, namely Mollusca (22.4%), Arthropoda (8.1%) and Annelida (2.0%), were less represented. The observed species are summarised in Table A total of 49 individuals were observed during the summer of 2018 (N = 25) and 2019 (N = 24). The majority of observed specimens belonged either to the phylum in situ /in aqua optical survey of gelatinous zooplankton from under the ice in the McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Our study represents the first formal optics-based survey of gelatinous zooplankton in the Ross Sea and the first study to use in situ /in aqua observations to describe taxonomic and a few trophic and behavioural characteristics of gelatinous zooplankton from the Southern Ocean. The Ross Sea has seen numerous net sampling surveys of gelatinous zooplankton in the past Data typePDFFile: oo_573830.pdfhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/573830Dr. Michelle Kelly5E8DCF32-F4EA-5BE8-BE25-EC437433D7BD10.3897/BDJ.9.e69374.suppl2Supplementary material 2Springer Nature Licence to reuse Fig. 3A (Larson and Harbison 1990)Data typePDFBrief descriptionLicence number: 5119250419357File: oo_573831.pdfhttps://binary.pensoft.net/file/573831Dr. Gerlien Verhaegen


Our recently published paper  reports on Pd-In intermetallic formation regularities and their evolution after storage in air as well as during treatment in oxygen at submillibar pressures. The current paper gives an extended representation of experimental  The apparent photoelectron inelastic mean-free paths  in Pd and In for these three energies were assumed to be 8 Å, 11 Å, and 14 Å, respectively, based on simulations using the QUASES-IMFP-TPP2M software STM measurements of Pd-In/HOPG catalysts have been performed with a UHV 7000 VT microscope  operating in the constant current mode. Pt-Ir alloy cut wires with diameter of 0.25 mm were used as tips. Before measurements, STM images with atomic resolution of clean HOPG were recorded for the scanner calibration and also for control of the tip quality (achieving true atomic resolution was applied as a criterion of sufficient quality. The quantitative analysis of the experimental STM images processing was carried out by the web-based application ParticlesNN exploiting an advanced machine-learning particle recognition algorithm Maxim A. Panafidin: Conceptualization, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing. Andey V. Bukhtiyarov: Conceptualization, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing; Igor P. Prosvirin: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing; Igor A. Chetyrin: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing; Alexander Yu. Klyushin: Investigation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing; Axel Knop-Gericke: Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing; Nadezhda S. Smirnova: Investigation, Formal analysis; Pavel V. Markov: Investigation, Formal analysis; Igor S. Mashkovsky: Investigation, Formal analysis; Yan V. Zubavichus: Writing – review & editing, Conceptualization, Supervision; Aleksander Yu. Stakheev: Writing – review & editing, Conceptualization, Supervision; Valerii I. Bukhtiyarov: Writing – review & editing, Conceptualization, Supervision.The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.


BMJ 2021;374:n2244, doi:10.1136/bmj.n2244, published 17 September 2021), coauthor Jonathan Valabhji should be linked to affiliation 11 . The article will be updated in due course. In this paper by Hippisley-Cox and colleagues (


Remdesivir (RDV) is a potent nucleotide prodrug inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of patients hospitalized with moderate to severe COVID-19. This Phase 3 (GS-US-540–9012) double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the efficacy and safety of 3 days of RDV to standard of care in non-hospitalized, high-risk participants with confirmed COVID-19.Table 1. COVID-19 related hospitalization or death, COVID-19 related medically attended visits or death, and Treatment Emergent Adverse EventsParticipants were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive intravenous (IV) RDV  or placebo. The primary efficacy endpoint was composite COVID-19 hospitalization or all-cause death by day 28 and compared using Cox proportional hazards model with baseline stratification factors as covariates. The primary safety endpoint was proportion of participants with treatment-emergent adverse events. Study enrollment was terminated early for administrative reasons in light of the evolving pandemic.10 copies/mL. Treatment with RDV significantly reduced COVID-19 hospitalization or all-cause death by day 28  compared to placebo. Participants receiving RDV also had significantly lower risk for COVID-19-related medically attended visits or all-cause death by day 28 compared to placebo . No deaths occurred in either arm by day 28. There was no difference between arms in time-weighted average change in nasopharyngeal viral loads from baseline up to day 7. The proportion of patients with AEs was similar between arms (Table 1); the most common AEs in the RDV arm were nausea (11%), headache (6%), and diarrhea (4%).562 patients underwent randomization and started their assigned treatment . Baseline demographics and characteristics were balanced across arms. Overall, 52% were male, 44% were Hispanic/Latino ethnicity and 30% were ≥ 60 years old. The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (62%), obesity , and hypertension (48%). Median baseline SARS-CoV-2 RNA nasopharyngeal viral load was 6.2 logA 3-day course of IV RDV was safe, well tolerated and highly effective at preventing COVID-19 related hospitalization or death in high-risk non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients.Joshua A. Hill, MD, Allogene  Involved: Self): Consultant; Allovir  Involved: Self): Consultant, Grant/Research Support; Amplyx  Involved: Self): Consultant; Covance/CSL  Involved: Self): Consultant; CRISPR  Involved: Self): Consultant; Gilead  Involved: Self): Consultant, Grant/Research Support; Karius: Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator; Medscape  Involved: Self): Consultant; Octapharma  Involved: Self): Consultant; OptumHealth  Involved: Self): Consultant; Takeda  Involved: Self): Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator Roger Paredes, MD, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Carlos Vaca, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Jorge Mera, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc ) Gilberto Perez, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Godson Oguchi, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Pablo Ryan, MD PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Jan Gerstoft, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc ) Michael Brown, FRCP PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc ) Morgan Katz, MD, MHS, Roche  Involved: Self): Advisor or Review Panel member; Skinclique  Involved: Self): Consultant Gregory Camus, PhD, Gilead Sciences  Danielle P. Porter, PhD, Gilead Sciences  Robert H. Hyland, DPhil, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Shuguang Chen, PhD, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Kavita Juneja, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc (Employee) Anu Osinusi, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Frank Duff, MD, Gilead Sciences, Inc  Robert L. Gottlieb, MD, Eli Lilly Gilead Sciences GSK (Advisor or Review Panel member)Johnson and Johnson (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Kinevant (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Roche/Genentech (Scientific Research Study Investigator)


Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants are emerging worldwide. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of 13 severe acute SARS-CoV-2 strains belonging to lineage B.1.525 (variant η). Betacoronavirus, the subgenus Sarbecovirus included in the subfamily Orthocoronavirinae, the family Coronaviridae, and the order Nidovirales. CoVs are enveloped, single-strand, positive-sense RNA viruses, and they are some of the largest RNA viruses known thus far  declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic  strains identified in the Abruzzo region, central Italy. As part of the legislated mandate of the Italian Ministry of Health (protocol 000644-08/01/2021), the sequencing of these strains did not require approval by any ethics committee. In addition, all tasks were conducted in conformity with the Declaration of Helsinki.https://www.gisaid.org), in the United Kingdom. This variant displays a specific set of mutations, with high biological relevance, such as D614G and E484K, which may play a key role in replication, antibody recognition, and vaccine efficacy  values of <20 for all targets. Next generation sequencing was carried out using the Illumina COVIDSeq Test . Deep sequencing was performed on the NextSeq 500 platform  using the NextSeq 500/550 high-output reagent cartridge v2, with 75 cycles and 36-bp paired-end format  for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection prior to genome sequencing . The SARd format .NC_045512) using Snippy v4.5.1 (https://github.com/tseemann/snippy). Consensus sequences were obtained using iVar v1.3  and assigned to the B.1.525 lineage.Multiple sequence alignment of the 13 consensus sequences, using MegAlign PRO , showed differences in the nucleotide sequences resulting in missense mutations and therefore in modifications in the amino acid composition. Before submission to the GISAID and NCBI databases, the sequences were uploaded to the Pangolin COVID-19 lineage assigner , MZ362440 (TE161253/2021), MZ362441 (TE161232/2021), MZ362442 (TE226367/2021), MZ362443 (TE248718/2021), MZ362444 (TE273981/2021), MZ362445 (TE274121/2021), MZ362446 (TE274143/2021), MZ362447 (TE274161/2021), MZ362448 (TE274169/2021), MZ362449 (TE274173/2021), MZ362450 (TE274182/2021), and MZ362451 (TE274189/2021). The SRA accession numbers are SRX11110421 to SRX11110433.The sequences were deposited in the EpiCoV database in GISAID under the following accession numbers: EPI_ISL_1336084 , EPI_ISL_1336083 , EPI_ISL_1403502 , EPI_ISL_1785083 , EPI_ISL_2001420 , EPI_ISL_2308596 , EPI_ISL_2308595 , EPI_ISL_2308593 , EPI_ISL_2308573 , EPI_ISL_2308572 , EPI_ISL_2308571 , EPI_ISL_2308563 , and EPI_ISL_2308562 . The sequences were also deposited in the NCBI database under the following accession numbers:


C. difficile infections (CDI) are not well understood, and any potential role of CDI in colorectal cancer (CRC) risk is presently unknown. While pursuing efforts to identify novel procarcinogenic microbes, we identified two mucosal slurries from CRC patients (3728T and 3752T) that were tumorigenic in germ-free (GF) ApcMin/+ mice. Surprisingly, both of these CRC patient slurries were positive for C. difficile by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Given the ability of other chronic infections to promote tumorigenesis , we hypothesized that chronic colonization with C. difficile could promote tumorigenesis in the colon. Long-term effects of chronic and/or recurrent tcdA+ tcdB+ C. difficile strain (CIm_3728T) was cultured from GF ApcMin/+ mice gavaged with the 3728T slurry. This consortium was gavaged into additional GF ApcMin/+ mice with or without C. difficile strains CIm_3728T, CIm_3752T (isolated from mice gavaged with the 3752T slurry), or isogenic tcdA/tcdB mutants of the M7404 R027 strain. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq), high dimensional (HD) flow cytometry, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with EUB338 and Cd198 probes were performed on distal colons from mice gavaged with either complex CRC slurries or the 3728T isolates with CIm_3728T.A consortium of 30 bacterial isolates including a toxigenic C. difficile strains drove tumorigenesis of the 3728T isolate mixture . Tumorigenesis was associated with early procarcinogenic signaling and spatial changes including induction of Wnt signaling in colonic epithelial progenitor cells by scRNAseq, IL-17 induction in immune cells by HD flow cytometry, and bacterial biofilm invasion deep into epithelial crypts by FISH. Tumorigenesis correlated with chronic colonization with toxigenic strains of C. difficile and was toxin-dependent, as toxin mutant strains (M7404 tcdA-tcdB-) did not induce tumors.Figure 1. C. difficile strains from CRC patients induce distal colonic tumorigenesis in germ-free (GF) ApcMin/+ mice.A consortium of 30 bacteria, including C. difficile, were isolated from mice gavaged with the 3728T human CRC mucosal slurry. These isolates were then gavaged into additional GF ApcMin/+ mice, with or without C. difficile isolates from mice gavaged with the 3728T slurry or 3752T slurry. (A) Colonic tumor numbers in GF ApcMin/+ mice at 10 wk p.i. demonstrate that C. difficile (Cd) drives the tumorigenesis of this 30-member bacterial consortium. (B) Gross tumors can be observed in the colon of a representative mouse gavaged with the 3728T isolates with the CIm_3728T (top) or CIm_3752T (middle) strain of C. difficile but not in a mouse gavaged with the isolates lacking C. difficile (bottom).C. difficile strains isolated from human CRC mucosal slurries were pro-carcinogenic in mice, suggesting that C. difficile is a potential driver of CRC. Given the public health burden of C. difficile, further studies are warranted to determine whether C. difficile infections  increase CRC risk in patients.Toxigenic Jada Domingue, PhD, AstraZeneca (Employee) James White, PhD, Personal Genome Diagnostics (Consultant) Patricia J. Simner, PhD, Accelerate Diagnostics (Grant/Research Support)Affinity Biosensors (Grant/Research Support)BD Diagnostics GeneCapture (Consultant)OpGen, Inc Shionogi, Inc (Consultant) Karen C. Carroll, MD, MeMed (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Meridian Diagnostics, Inc. (Grant/Research Support)Pattern Diagnostics (Advisor or Review Panel member)Scanogen, Inc. (Advisor or Review Panel member) Karen C. Carroll, MD, Pattern Diagnostics, Inc.  Involved: Self): Grant/Research Support; Scanogen, Inc.  Involved: Self): Consultant Cynthia L. Sears, MD, Bristol Myers Squibb (Grant/Research Support)Ferring (Advisor or Review Panel member)Janssen (Grant/Research Support)


CONservative TReatment of Appendicitis in Children: a randomised controlled feasibility Trial (CONTRACT). Arch Dis Child 2021;106:764–73. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2020-320746Hall NJ, Eaton S, Sherratt FC, This article has been corrected since it first published. The provenance and peer review statement has been included.


Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03949-7, published online 07 January 2022Correction to: The original version of this Article contained an error in Reference 32, which was incorrectly given as:285, (2021).Haghnazar, H. et al. Chemosphere Potentially toxic elements contamination in surface sediment and indigenous aquatic macrophytes of the Bahmanshir River, Iran: Appraisal of phytoremediation capability. The correct reference is listed below:et al. Potentially toxic elements contamination in surface sediment and indigenous aquatic macrophytes of the Bahmanshir River, Iran: Appraisal of phytoremediation capability. Chemosphere 285, 131446 (2021).Haghnazar, H. The original Article has been corrected.