Younger schoolchildren with psychological development disorders have low cognitive activity, insufficient development of basic school skills, and a low level of educational motivation. In accordance with the requirements of the educational program for students with psychological development disorders, it is important to develop the ability to predict the results of their actions.The study of predictive competence in primary schoolchildren with psychological development disorders.The study involved 60 children aged 8-10 years with a psychological development disorder. To study predictive competence, the methodology “The ability to predict in situations of potential or real violation of social norms” was used.The study revealed a low level of the cognitive and speech-communicative spheres of prognostic competence development in primary schoolchildren with psychological development disorders, as well as a deficit in prediction in the field of learning, which includes educational cooperation and educational communication of the child. Generalized statements, a passive position in future situations and pessimistic attitudes prevailed in the predictions of schoolchildren when constructing an image of the future. For schoolchildren with psychological development disorders, the prognosis is presented by monosyllabic answers, with the observable poverty of speech utterances.The features of prognostic competence revealed in the study make it possible to develop individual programs for the development of the prognostic abilities of schoolchildren with psychological development disorders. This paper has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.No significant relationships.


Sleep plays a key role in the pathogenesis and clinic of mood disorders. However, few studies have investigated electroencephalographic sleep parameters during the manic phases of Bipolar Disorder (BD).Sleep management is a priority objective in the treatment of the manic phases of BD and the polysomnographic investigation can be a valid tool both in the diagnostic phase and in monitoring clinical progress.Twenty-one patients affected by BD, manic phase, were subjected to sleep monitoring via PSG in the acute phase (at the entrance to the ward) and in the resolution phase (near discharge). All participants were also clinically evaluated using Young Manic Rating Scale (YMRS) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Morningness-eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) at different timepoints.Over the hospitalization time frame there was an increase in quantity  and an improvement in the quality and effectiveness of sleep (Sleep Efficiency). In addition, from the point of view of the EEG structure, clinical improvement was accompanied by an increase in the percentage of REM sleep.Sleep monitoring by PSG can be a valuable tool in the clinical setting both in the diagnostic phase, “objectively” ascertaining the amount of sleep, and in the prognostic phase, identifying electroencephalographic characteristics that can predict the patient’s progress and response to drug therapy. The improvement in effectiveness and continuity of sleep and the change in its structure that accompanies the resolution of manic symptoms also testifies how the regularization of the sleep-wake rhythm is to be considered a priority in treating manic phases.No significant relationships.


Younger schoolchildren with psychological development disorders have low cognitive activity, insufficient development of basic school skills, and a low level of educational motivation. In accordance with the requirements of the educational program for students it is important to develop the ability to predict the results of their actions and deeds.The study of predictive competence in primary schoolchildren with psychological development disorders.The study involved 60 children aged 8-10 years with a psychological development disorder. To study predictive competence, the methodology “The ability to predict in situations of potential or real violation of social norms” was used.The study revealed a low level of the cognitive and speech-communicative spheres of prognostic competence development in primary schoolchildren with psychological development disorders, as well as a deficit in prediction in the field of learning, which includes educational cooperation and educational communication of the child. Generalized statements, a passive position in future situations and pessimistic attitudes prevailed in the predictions of schoolchildren when constructing an image of the future. For schoolchildren the prognosis is presented by monosyllabic answers, with the observable poverty of speech utterances.The features of prognostic competence revealed in the study make it possible to develop individual programs for the development of the prognostic abilities of schoolchildren with psychological development disorders, to teach how to predict the development of events in educational activities, to recognize the emotions of the participants in the events. This paper has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.No significant relationships.


Restriction to the analysis of births that survive past a specified gestational age  can lead to biased exposure-outcome associations. The objective is to estimate the influence of bias resulting from using a left truncated dataset to ascertain exposure-outcome associations in perinatal studies.We simulated the magnitude of bias under a collider-stratification mechanism for the association between the exposure of advancing maternal age (≥ 35 years) and the outcome of stillbirth. This bias occurs when the cause of restriction (early pregnancy loss) is influenced by both the exposure and unmeasured factors that also affect the outcome. Simulation parameters were based on an original birth cohort from Western Australia and a range of plausible values for the prevalence of early pregnancy loss , an unmeasured factor U and the odds ratios for the selection effects. Selection effects included the effects of maternal age on early pregnancy loss, U on early pregnancy loss, and U on stillbirth. We then compared the simulated scenarios with the results from the original cohort in which bias was unadjusted.We found the overall magnitude of bias to be minimal in the association between advancing maternal age and stillbirth. The findings indicate that the stronger the effect of the unmeasured U on early pregnancy loss and stillbirth, the greater the departure from the null. When we compared the simulated model with the results of the original cohort, we found evidence of marginal downward bias which was most prominent for women aged 40+ years.Our simulations demonstrated a marginal downward bias in the association between advancing maternal age and stillbirth. We recommend that future studies should quantify the extent of such bias when using left truncated birth datasets to determine exposure-outcome associations.


This is the editorial to the special edition “Cardiac optogenetics: using light to observe and excite the heart.in vitro . While leading also to depolarization in cardiomyocytes .The application of fluorescent voltage sensitive dyes to study excitable cells was established 50 years ago  but onlyin vitro . Ever siin vitro , defibriin vitro  and cardin vitro . In thismyocytes , the mucScalco et al.), emphasizing the heterocellular, increasingly complex composition and functions of specific cardiac tissues, and further raising the importance of optogenetic strategies to explore these.One big advantage of optogenetic stimulation is the cell type-specific expression providing not only the chance for pain-free stimulation but also to characterize the specific role of different cell types by cell type-specific (e.g. ventricular cardiomyocytes versus Purkinje fibers) stimulation  as well Mullenbroich et al.). The review examines many of the novel techniques that optical physics have provided to extend the use of optical probes and actuators while also posing the next set of challenges to be addressed to extend further the applicability of these techniques. In this content, Jan Lebert and Jan Christoph present new algorithms for the analysis of voltage imaging with motion tracking stabilization to avoid the alterations of cardiac electrophysiology by contraction inhibitors with significant side effects . Finally, Philipp Sasse’s group expanded the optogenetic toolbox for cardiac research demonstrating that the human coneopsin allows to control Gi signaling in embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes . Thus, the three canonical G-protein pathways of the heart  and the groups of Christina Schüler and Leonardo Sacconi developed new methods and platforms for cardiac toxicity screening  which is one of the evolving cardiac research fields in which the use of optogenetic stimulation is becoming more and more standard , whereas intact hearts from mice and even bigger animals have to be cleared for imaging of the cell composition and structure .Daniel Pijnappel’s group characterized potential long term effects of optogenetic stimulation via channelrhodopsins (standard . NotablyIn conclusion, this special issue is covering the broad range of dye-based imaging and optogenetic applications in the heart and the advances made in each branch of the subject by new technical improvements and comprehensive reviews. We hope that we and all contributors are able to trigger further interest in and advance the use of optogenetic stimulation and imaging within the field of cardiac research.


Editorial on the Research TopicSurgery and COVID-19 in oncologic patients: What does the recent coronavirus pandemic taught us?The Coronavirus outbreak has recently shocked the world and the health systems as well, overwhelming most hospitals and departments. The need to give universal recommendations has become mandatory during this health emergency, however many countries have reacted without an agreement or consensus flow-charts on the strategies to be adopted. This helped the infection spread into a pandemic given Sars-Cov-2 high transmission rate. Two main critical issues seemed to hit hard most of the health systems: the number of healthcare personnel who contracted the infection and the availability of hospital beds, mainly in ICU. The need for beds for COVID-19 patients and the lack of medical staff has severely impacted on surgical departments causing the delay or even the cancellation of many operations during the different waves of the pandemic, including in the oncologic field.•the impact of Covid-19 on tumor behavior;•the effect of the delayed surgery on perioperative and long-term outcomes for most common tumors;•optimal patients triage based on tumor stage;•alternative therapeutic treatments involving oncologists and radiotherapists;•optimization of patients’ pathway during the hospital stay to prevent any contamination;•resources redistribution.Although International Societies such as the Society of Surgical Oncology have published guidelines for non-emergency surgical procedures, the effect of the acceptable waiting time between the diagnosis and surgery has not yet been well defined and a possibility of a worsened clinical outcome is still unclear. It is known that due to immunosuppressive responses and pro-inflammatory cytokines release, surgery could lead to a high risk of COVID-19 during hospital stay . Patients with diagnostic breast cancer at different times of the pandemic were therefore forced to increase waiting times, as expected, in the peak phase and shorter delays in the plateau phase.In their manuscript In their research Carissimi and the surgical team of the S. Gerardo Hospital retrospectively analyzed data of their Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic (HBP) mid-volume surgery center to look for any differences caused by the reorganization of the hospital system. In terms of length of hospital stay, morbidity and mortality, there were no differences between the groups of patients operated on in the period prior to the pandemic and during that. This was possible thanks to a careful separation of departments able to accommodate negative Covid patients and to keep the ward as such thanks to serial controls with protocol of testing spread all over the world. Despite the need to provide health personnel to cover shifts in wards of patients affected by Covid-19, the Monza Hospital has been able to remain a third-level center for oncological HPB pathology, thus creating safe departments for patients. However, the analysis inevitably showed an increase in tumor burden in patients operated on during the pandemic period, demonstrating a significant effect of the delay between the period of diagnosis, the surgical indication and the operation itself. In the same way, the follow-up and checkup times have obviously increased. Therefore, the significance of ordering clear separation to create safe pathways for these patients in need of surgery seems to be consistent.Xiahoao Zheng et al. the prolongation of the waiting time does not appear to have adversely affected the number and severity of short-term complications of patients treated with total gastrectomy in the National Cancer Center. Fragile patients such as those undergoing total gastrectomy could benefit from early surgery given the advanced degree of the disease, although an increase in waiting time does not appear to have affected short-term complications.As shown in the manuscript by Aramini et al. instead went to study the effect of Covid-19 infection on the tumor microenvironment in patients affected by the virus. As is now known, the Coronavirus infection prefers in its most severe forms an involvement of the cardio-pulmonary district with consequent multi-organ failure. The colleagues’ study analyzed the effects of activating the macrophage-neutrophil cascade at the level of the tumor microenvironment in lung cancer. Many studies have already shown how a pro-cytokine cascade can influence a reactivation of the immune system at the level of tumor foci with consequent spreading of micrometastases at a local level and the activation of extracellular neutrophil traps has been shown to create a spread of premetastatic cells in the lung. The deeper analysis of these phenomena will help in the development of further targeted therapies, both for cancer prevention and for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 (Dr. COVID-19 .To conclude, the management of cancer patients in a pandemic context can be very challenging but thanks to the amount of data collected in the last 2 years, new strategies can be adopted to make the best use of resources. The road travelled during this pandemic has certainly put us to the test, but the efforts made seem to have paid off to get out of the dark period. First, a reorganization and the establishment of Covid-free hubs has been a successful strategy. As Anna M. Perrone and colleagues at the University of Bologna Hospital have shown, prioritization of oncological surgical care and the allocation of resources during a pandemic in COVID-19 free surgical hubs is an appropriate choice to guarantee oncological protocols and to obtain high-standard results. It must also be admitted that the pandemic has unmasked the weak side of many Health Systems, exposing gaps already present in the years. However, the pandemic and its teachings could represent the opportunity for an advantageous restart at the same time –6.A more careful organization and an effective and wise use of resources will certainly guarantee us a better treatment for this class of fragile patients and will allow us to insert more precise attitudes into clinical practice and as the main coauthor of COVID-Surg Collaborative stated, “guaranteeing the possibility of safely carrying out elective cancer surgery should be part of the health plans of each country to protect the health of the entire population” . Indeed,


Aim: the aim of this study is to assess and locate the Foramen of Huschke. Study design: anatomical. Material and Method: using contrast material like gutta-percha and barium sulfate, through extraoral radiographs, such as panoramic, submental vertex and corrected saggital linear Temporal Mandibular Joint tomograms in four skulls where we clinically checked the existence of foramen of Huschke. Results: The results proved that the foramen of Huschke can be observed in skulls submitted to contrast using radiographic techniques. Known as foramen of Huschke, the opening of the developing tympanic ring  was first described by Emil Huschke, in 1889, as being a structure present during embryological development in the tympanic portion of the temporal bone that is normally closed by the age of 5 years .The persistence in adult subjects is known as an anatomical anomaly and it may be attributed to affections such as herniations of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), as well as otological problems in the external acoustic canal. Foramen of Huschke is located on the anterior wall of the external acoustic canal on the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, presenting a communication between the external acoustic canal and the mandibular fossa .Figure 1The purpose of the present study was to identify and locate the Foramen of Huschke through three different extraoral radiographic techniques in four dry skulls and to assess which radiological techniques may be used to identify the persistence of Foramen of Huschke.To assess the presence of Foramen of Huschke in radiological exams, we used 4 dry human skulls, 3 of adult subjects who had persistence of Foramen of Huschke bilaterally and one subject aged about 4 years, in which the presence of the foramen was within the normal range. The skulls were submitted to extraoral techniques of panoramic x-ray  with OrtAfter the execution of the exams, we compared the images with and without contrast material.The results found after the corrected lateral linear tomography without contrast material showed the presence of radiolucent area of elliptical format .Figure 3Even using barium sulfate, we observed radiolucent image of elliptical format with radiopaque contour , and witThese images were located on the anterior wall of the external acoustic meatus on the tympanic portion of the temporal bone, presenting a communication between the external acoustic canal of the temporal bone tympanic portion, with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone squamous portion.We observed that in the panoramic technique performed with barium sulfate, two radiopaque points presented communication between the external acoustic canal of the temporal bone tympanic portion, with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone squamous portion .Figure 4In the submental vertex technique, performed without contrast material , we obseAs to execution of images with gutta-percha, we observed elliptical radiopaque image  and the The characteristics of the obtained radiographic images were the same for the four studied skulls.After the study of radiological images of four dry skulls we found the same results in the four skulls, observing the presence of Foramen of Huschke in the linear tomography technique. In submental vertex and panoramic techniques it was less evident as a result of the overlapping of bone structures.Rosemberg and Graczik (1986) stated that the best radiological technique capable of identifying the structures that comprise the TMJ is corrected axial lateral tomogram, even though this radiological technique does not completely eliminate the overlapping of the TMJ region, because the structure that is located in the fulcrum of the rotation of the system will appear in more details and those that are below or above this point will seem to be blurred .Owing to the overlapping of bone structures in the TMJ region, Holmlund et al. (1986) reported difficulty in examining TMJ through conventional radiograms. Therefore, they suggested that CT scan was the preferred method to avoid overlapping in this region.Ali and Rubinstein (2000) detected in temporal bone CT scan a bone defect in the anterior aspect of the auditory canal, the defect known as Foramen of Huschke.As to comparison of images initially obtained, with and without contrast (gutta-percha and barium sulfate), we observed that images described in the three radiological techniques are compatible with the anatomical location of Foramen of Huschke.Foramen of Huschke could be observed after its evidence with contrast material in radiological images of 4 dry skulls using extraoral, panoramic, submental vertex (inverted Hirtz) and TMJ corrected lateral linear tomogram techniques.We concluded that among the used techniques, linear tomography proved to provide the best results and the literature recommends that CT scan is the best technique to visualize the Foramen of Huschke.


Wind turbines usually operate in harsh environments. The gearbox, the key component of the transmission chain in wind turbines, can easily be affected by multiple factors during the operation process and develop compound faults. Different types of faults can occur, coupled with each other and staggered interference. Thus, a challenge is to extract the fault characteristics from the composite fault signal to improve the reliability and the accuracy of compound fault diagnosis. To address the above problems, we propose a compound fault diagnosis method for wind turbine gearboxes based on multipoint optimal minimum entropy deconvolution adjusted (MOMEDA) and parallel parameter optimized resonant sparse decomposition (RSSD). Firstly, the MOMEDA is applied to the preprocess, setting the deconvolution period with different fault frequency types to eliminate the interference of the transmission path and environmental noise, while decoupling and separating the different types of single faults. Then, the RSSD method with parallel parameter optimization is applied for decomposing the preprocessed signal to obtain the low resonance components, further suppressing the interference components and enhancing the periodic fault characteristics. Finally, envelope demodulation of the enhanced signal is applied to extract the fault features and identify the different fault types. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified using the actual data from the wind turbine gearbox. In addition, a comparison with some existing methods demonstrates the superiority of this method for decoupling composite fault characteristics. Wind turbines, gas turbines and other advanced equipment are used widely in modern industry. The gearbox, a key component in these devices, is prone to failure when running under severe operating conditions such as heavy loads, large temperature differences, corrosive media, and alternating loads ,2. As thFeature extraction aims at extracting feature information from the vibration signal to describe the operational status of the mechanical equipment. Over the past two decades, many scholars have explored the rotating machinery fault diagnosis field and introduced many diagnostic theories and methods. For example, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) ,4, wavelThe vibration signal collected by the sensor is regarded as a convolutional mixture of different excitation sources, fault sources and transmission channels, so the recovery of the fault signal can be considered a deconvolution process. In 2007, Endo et al.  successfIn 2011, Selesnick proposed resonance-based sparse signal decomposition (RSSD) . It is dm (TQWT)  accordinis (MCA)  is emploelection ,26 make Motivated by the above discussion, a novel approach to wind turbine gearbox composite fault diagnosis based on MOMEDA and parallel parameter optimized RSSD is proposed in this article. Firstly, MOMEDA is used to deconvolute the signal to extract multiple periodic faults in the composite fault vibration signal. While achieving decoupling separation of the multi-fault, it effectively eliminates the influence of the transmission channels and external excitation sources. Secondly, the RSSD with parallel parameter optimized constructs the wavelet basis function bank to match the fault characteristics, which enables the interference components to be efficiently suppressed in the decoupled fault signal and the weak fault pulse to be enhanced. The superiority and effectiveness of the proposed approach are verified using the measured signals of the wind turbine gearbox.The main structure of this article is composed as follows: MOMEDA utilizes a target vector to define the position and weight of the pulse sequence to be solved and applies multi-point kurtosis values to determine the period of fault occurrence. Multiple pulse target identification and deconvolution algorithms are implemented at determined locations to obtain continuous periodic pulse components.When a rotating machine fails, the impulse signal x is recovered from the vibration signal y by an optimal filter. The MOMEDA solving process for the optimal filter can transform into a search for the maximum value of the multipoint D-parameter, using the multipoint D-parameter to reflect the shock characteristics of the filtered signal, and the related expressions are defined as follows:The impulse signal The extreme value of Equation (3) is obtained by taking the derivative of the filter coefficient  to zero, we can obtain:Owing to Since the multiples of When performing target location and fault detection with MOMEDA, a chain of impulses with fault period MOMEDA introduces Multipoint Kurtosis (MK) as a measure of fault characteristics based on kurtosis. When the output result TQWT breaks through the disadvantage of the constant quality factor of the traditional wavelet transform and makes the selection of basis function more flexible by selecting quality factor To achieve perfect reconstruction, the frequency response function The high resonance components Achieving sparse representation of different components of the signal by MCA. The objective function of extracting the different components is expressed as follows:However, the vibration signal inevitably has interference by background noise in actual works, and the signal separation will be transformed from Equation (19) as follow:Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) is a novel intelligent optimization algorithm proposed by Mirjalili in 2016 . The opt(1) Surrounding the preyAssuming that the population size is (2) Bubbling net attackShrinkage encircling: The convergence factor Spiral updating position: whales spit out bubbles of different sizes for feeding while swimming towards the best position in a spiral posture. The mathematical model isDuring the process of prey encirclement, the whales shrink to surround and spiral forward simultaneously, and the probability of occurrence is 50% for either mode of travel.(3) Searching for preyThe whales will stop approaching the best whale individual in this stage and instead update their position by randomly searching a large area to approach any whale individual. In this case, the value of Kurtosis is a 4th order statistic that reflects the sharpness of the waveform for the random variable and is sensitive to the impulse component of the signal, which is defined as:Information entropy represents the uncertainty of the source information and the randomness of the event occurrence, and its value is only related to the probability distribution of the variables. Suppose a source  entropy . The fauIn this article, we combine kurtosis and envelope spectral entropy, kurtosis as an indicator of time-domain feature can describe the impulsiveness of the signal, and envelope spectral entropy as an indicator of frequency-domain feature can represent the strength of periodic pulses. A composite indicator is constructed to reflect the time-frequency domain properties and the expression is as follows:This indicator possesses the advantages of kurtosis and envelope spectral entropy, and it can measure the impulsivity and periodicity of the signal at the same time. The more prominent the impulsivity and periodicity of the signal, the larger the value of the indicator.(1)The parameters of the algorithm are determined: population size (2)Population initialization: The optimal parameters should be bounded, and the correlation between quality factors should be as low as possible. The value range of takes as ,15, the takes as , and the(3)The objective function value is calculated: the composite index constructed by kurtosis and envelope spectral entropy serves as the objective function. The objective function value of an individual is calculated and the current optimal individual is determined.(4)The main loop of the algorithm is entered: if (5)Evaluating the whole whale population and iterative optimization until the algorithm converges, it obtains the optimal objective function value Overall, the parallel parameter optimized RSSD based on WOA as proposed in this article implements the process as follows:The method proposed in this article is suitable to separate and extract the compound faults of the gear faults and the bearing faults from the wind turbine gearbox. Firstly, the input vibration signal is pre-processed, the deconvolution period is set according to the fault frequency of the damaged part, and the vibration signal is decoupled into a single fault by MOMEDA. Secondly, the low resonance component is decomposed from the pre-processed signal with optimized RSSD. Finally, the envelope analysis of the low-resonance components is applied to extract the fault characteristic frequency. The flowchart of the method is shown in In this paper, 750 kW wind turbine gearbox data provided by The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)  were useThe gearbox experienced two oil loss events during the actual test, where it damaged its internal bearings and gear components. The damaged gearbox was disassembled for fault analysis, and it was found that the large and small gears of the high-speed gear pair in the gearbox were seriously scuffed, and the inner ring races of the bearings and the two ends of the rolling bodies were overheated. The failure of each component is shown in The configuration parameters of the gearbox are listed in The deconvolution period The deconvolution period The deconvolution period The deconvolution period In summary, the analysis results show that the proposed method can not only successfully decouple and separate various types of fault characteristics from the composite fault signal, but also has a remarkable suppression effect for interferences, further highlighting the periodicity and impulsiveness of fault characteristics, which helps to improve the accuracy and reliability of wind turbine gearbox composite fault diagnosis.The superiority and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through a comparative analysis using the two methods. The MCKD algorithm in Reference  and the The two methods mentioned above are used to decouple the HSS pinion fault from the composite fault signal and analyze and process it. The parameters are set as follows: number M = 5 is shifted, length L = 500 is filtered, the above calculation results of the fault frequency are introduced, and the analysis results are shown in The envelope spectrum analysis shown in The same procedure is applied for the IMS gear, and the parameters obtained with the optimized RSSD are: The bearing inner ring fault signals and bearing rollers fault signals are directly processed with the optimized parameters of the method proposed in this paper, so as to imitate the process of artificially selecting parameters in traditional resonance decomposition. The results are shown in To evaluate the performance of extracting fault features quantitatively, the fault feature coefficient (FFC)  is introA compound fault diagnosis method for wind turbine gearboxes based on MOMEDA and the parallel parameter optimized RSSD is proposed in this study. MOMEDA obtains the deconvolution period based on the fault frequency and obtains periodic continuous pulses in a non-iterative deconvolution manner, thus decoupling and separating the compound fault vibration signals. However, some weak fault features are easily buried in transmission channels and background noise and using MOMEDA alone is not immune to dealing with multiple faults. Therefore, its combination with RSSD for parallel parameter optimization is applied to suppress disturbances and enhance the relevant fault characteristics. The parallel parameter optimized RSSD takes the composite indicator with low resonance components as the objective function and adaptively obtains the best quality factor


This Quality improvement project will look into the data collected over the same period in 2020 and 2021 to highlight patterns and changes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and how to improve the quality of service provided by the team.The record of a total of 349 patients was accessed from the Alliance team spreadsheet and patient electronic records (Rio) between September and November in 2020 and 2021.All patients referred to the teamAll patients managed by the teamPatients referred between September and November 2020Patients referred between September and November 2021The inclusion criteria include:Presenting complaintDemographics- gender and raceSource of referralOutcome of referralTimeline of first contact after referralData collected include:The overall number of referrals between September and November 2020 was more than referrals over the same time period in 2021; 188 patients in 2020 and 161 in 2021Of the 188 referred in the 2020 audited period, 55%(102) were from minority ethnic groups compared to 50%(80) in the 2021 audited period. So the number and proportion of minorities requiring mental health support rose due to the impact of COVID pandemic infections, restrictions, and lockdowns.In 2020, the proportion of male patients was 26%(49) compared to 18%(30) in 2021. This is important because the majority of our patients are females which implies that the COVID pandemic had a significant effect on the entire population leading to more male patient referrals.The overall number of patients that presented with self-harm was greater in 2020 than in the 2021 period of audit.The overall number of patients that presented with anxiety was also greater in 2020 than in the 2021 period of audit.Of the 188 patients referred between September to November 2020, 58% (109) of them were seen within 24 hours of referral compared to 61% (99) in 2021. In the 2021 period, the restrictions have stopped and it has become far easier to carry out assessments at home and school while using the necessary protective gear.It was noticed that there was a lot of telephone support in 2020 but none in 2021. The majority of these patients were those who were already known to the service and were being supported but deteriorated mentally during the peak of the pandemic.There was a lot of referral from the single point of access (SPA) in between September and November 2020 while there was none over the same time period in 2021. This could have resulted from another impact of the pandemic when a lot of service providers were off sick and their patients could not reach them directly so they opted to go through SPA. Some new referrals also came this way.It is also noteworthy that 59% (112) of patients seen in the 2020 audited period were already known to the service while 54%(88) seen in 2021 were known. This implies that a lot of our patients deteriorated due to the pandemicWe also had more new referrals in 2021 than in 2020 for the same audited period.Six percent of the 188 patients seen 2020 audited period had telephone support while none did in 2021. Since all restrictions were lifted in July 2021, the service has opted for a more conventional approach of patient assessment which is face to face especially when expedient.Fifty-two percent (85) of 161 patients seen in the 2021 audited period were signposted to another service while 44% (72) of 188 seen in 2020 were signposted.This audit has proven that not only did the pandemic affect the overall volume of patients seen, but it also increased the proportion of male patients seen and the relative proportion of minority ethnic groups that used the service.The pandemic and government policies also influenced how patients were assessed seeing how 2020 had a lot of telephone support.It's impressive to know that the team managed to cope in these challenging periods without compromising the quality and standard of care as well as leaving behind an up to date medical records making this audit possible and easyCompleting annual audits on the pattern of clinical activitiesContinued review of quality and consistency of data collectionTo consider an alternative method for data collection to minimize the risk of human error.Regular training sessions for mental health crisis team in keeping with changes to mental health presentations during the COVID Pandemic.To review data collected and expand on the information collected to include gender and ethnicityImportant Recommendations includes:


Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis: a Multidisciplinary Update. Both clinical and research issues have been addressed in this collection of articles. The first paper provides a broad introduction and subsequent articles cover epidemiology and genetics, diagnosis, natural history studies, treatment and ethical implications of novel therapies, cardiac involvement in the later stages of disease and the underlying pathological mechanisms.Eleven papers and fifty-one authors from seven countries have contributed to the Research Topic Simonati and Williams). Following a brief historical survey, a clinically-oriented approach was used to describe how the early symptoms and signs represent topographical signatures of the underlying brain dysfunction and may provide clues helping clinicians to reach a conclusive NCL diagnosis rapidly. The paper goes on to document advances in NCL research and the contributions of different experimental models to enhance knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cellular pathology in this group of diseases. Lastly, translation of experimental data into novel therapeutic approaches and the importance of symptomatic treatments, which remain the main available therapeutic approaches, were outlined.The state-of-art in the field of childhood NCLs was described from a number of perspectives in the first review paper of the series . The authors have stressed that synergy between health providers, parent support organizations and the pharmaceutical industry have accelerated the use of modern diagnostic procedures.The world-wide distribution of NCL was emphasized by the retrospective epidemiological study from South America and the Caribbean region, in which CLN2, CLN6, and CLN3 disorders were identified as the most common NCL types in those regions (Gardner and Mole). Since the discovery of the first causative genes, more than 530 mutations have been identified across 13 NCL genes. Increasing numbers of variant disease phenotypes are being described. Identification of phenotypic heterogeneity combined with the genetic background of each patient is necessary in order to facilitate individually tailored precision medicine in order to modify disease progression in the approaching genomic medicine era.The significance of the advances in genetic studies in NCL was discussed in the review article by Gardner and Mole which focuses on the genetic basis of phenotypic heterogeneity  and with ocular enzyme replacement therapies (CLN2 and CLN10 mouse models), has led to a clinical trial enrolling CLN2 patients to test the efficacy of intravitreal ERT. The long-term effects of these therapeutic interventions remain to be evaluated.The focus of a mini review by Kohlschütter). He identifies two main topics, the first relates to the care of individual patients affected with dementia at a young age, the use of life-prolonging measures and the planning for the end of life, the second refers to new experimental treatments and the awareness that such approaches carry the risk of prolonged survival with poor quality of life. The paper gives examples experienced by the author which offer insights for the “critical thinking” of readers. The issues encountered in caring for patients affected by NCL, but may well be common to other rare neurodegenerative diseases of childhood.Ethical issues in care and treatment are the topic of a paper which reflects the long personal clinical experience in the field of this author . Authors outline how EEG and (to a less extent) evoked potentials can promptclinicians to obtain a molecular diagnosis in the early phase of any NCL form, which will help to direct patients to appropriate targeted treatments (when available) efficiently.The importance of neurophysiological tools to describe disease evolution and supporting early diagnosis of NCL patients was reviewed through a careful analysis of their characteristics in several NCL types . It used an enzymatic assay of TPP1 activity in dry blood spots, carried out through pediatricians. Authors describe the test as easy to perform, inexpensive and reliable and conclude that such a test may contribute to early delivery of ERT in this condition.Reaching an early diagnosis was the aim of a nationwide screening project in Spain amongst children whose early clinical features were consistent with CLN2 .The next two articles concern cardiac involvement in CLN3 disease. In their report describing a case series of six, Takahashi et al., describe the current knowledge on the role of the different glia components  in brain homeostasis. They go on to focus on the most up-to-date understanding of glial pathologies and their contribution to the pathogenesis of NCLs: they highlight some of the associated challenges that require further research as obtained by their studies using genetically modified mouse models. The emerging evidence of glial dysfunction questions the traditional “neuron-centric” view of NCLs, and would suggest that directly targeting glia in addition to neurons could lead to better therapeutic outcomes.In the only review article related to experimental models of NCLs, In summary, this series of articles is drawn from world experts in NCL. It brings together basic science and new clinical knowledge, while considering the ethical implications of recent progress on individual patients, families and their physicians and clinicians.All authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication.This work was funded by the Italian Ministry for Universities and Research (MUR) and Fondazione Mariani  to ASi is acknowledged.The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article, or claim that may be made by its manufacturer, is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.


In the process of top coal caving, coal gangue particles may impact on various parts of the hydraulic support. However, at present, the contact mechanism between coal gangue and hydraulic support is not entirely clear. Therefore, this paper first constructed the accurate mathematical model of the hydraulic cylinder equivalent spring stiffness forming by the equivalent series of different parts of emulsion and hydraulic cylinder, and then built the mesh model of the coal gangue particles and the support’s force transmission components; on this basis, the rigid–flexible coupling impact contact dynamic model between coal gangue and hydraulic support was established. After deducing contact parameters and setting impact mode, contact simulations were carried out for coal particles impacting at the different parts of the support and coal/gangue particles impacting at the same component of the support, and the contact response difference in the support induced by the difference in impacted component and coal/gangue properties was compared and studied. The results show that the number of collisions, contact force, velocity and acceleration of impacted part are different when the same single coal particle impact different parts of the support. Various contact responses during gangue impact are more than 40% larger than that of coal, and the difference ratio can even reach 190%. Top coal caving mining is the important mining method for thick and extra-thick coal seams: in the coal dropping stage of the top coal caving, the hydraulic support is parceled in the floor rock and coal gangue granule space body ,4,5,6,7.In the early stage, many studies have been carried out on the working characteristics of the hydraulic support and coal gangue recognition. Zhang et al.  studied In top coal caving, the large number of coal gangue particles and the distribution characteristics of drawing space lead to the contact between coal gangue and various parts of the hydraulic support. Contact behavior between coal gangue particles and the hydraulic support involves the evolution of contact state and the real-time transmission of force. Overall, due to the lack of research method that can accurately describe the whole contact process between particles and hydraulic support, the precise contact characteristics and contact difference characteristics between coal gangue and the hydraulic support are not completely clear, in particular, the contact characteristics and contact difference between coal gangue and the different parts of the hydraulic support have not been studied. As a result, the selection of coal gangue recognition media lacks the theoretical basis in the research of coal gangue recognition technology. In view of the existing problems and deficiencies in the present studies and in order to further clarify the contact response characteristics and the contact response differences law between coal gangue and the hydraulic support, this paper proposed the idea of quantitative research, and the impact contact behavior between single particle coal gangue and the hydraulic support are taken as the research target. A rigid–flexible coupling impact contact simulation model between coal gangue and the hydraulic support is proposed to study the system dynamic response. For this purpose, an accurate model of the hydraulic cylinder liquid stiffness  series by five different parts stiffness is firstly established. The rigid–flexible coupling impact contact simulation model between the coal gangue particle and the hydraulic support is established by combining the mesh model of the particle and the main force transmission components of the hydraulic support as well as the multi-body rigid dynamics simulation model of the hydraulic support. On the basis of determining the contact parameters and impact modes, the contact dynamics simulation analysis will be carried out when coal gangue impacts the different components of the hydraulic support with the same height and when the same size coal/gangue impacts the same position of the hydraulic support, respectively. Impact contact response characteristics when coal gangue impacts the different parts of the hydraulic support will be studied. Through comparative analysis, the difference rule of system impact contact responses caused by the difference in the impacted component and the particle material property will be determined, so as to explore the theoretical basis for the selection of coal gangue recognition media.(1)Considering the compression elasticity of the emulsified liquid, piston rod, tail of the piston rod, bottom of the cylinder and the circumferential extension stiffness of the cylinder, a more accurate equivalent spring stiffness mathematical model of the hydraulic cylinder is established.(2)The traditional scheme that studied the interaction between coal rock and the hydraulic support by replacing the contact process between coal gangue and the hydraulic support with force load is cancelled. The quantitative research method is put forward. Through the establishment of the rigid–flexible coupling impact contact dynamics simulation model between coal gangue and the hydraulic support, the contact response between particles and the hydraulic support is studied, which provides the direct and effective research method for the interaction between coal gangue or surrounding rock and the hydraulic support.(3)Through the contact characteristics analysis between coal particles and the different parts of the hydraulic support, the variation rule of the system contact response caused by the change in the impact position is obtained.(4)Through the contact response study of the direct contact parts, indirect related parts and the parts connection units after coal gangue impact, the contact difference characteristics between coal gangue and the hydraulic support are clarified, and the available parameters for coal gangue recognition are determined accordingly.Our contributions in this paper are fourfold.In the hydraulic system of the hydraulic support, the props and the tail beam jack (collectively referred to as the hydraulic cylinder) are solid–liquid coupling-compressible devices of the steel structure and high pressure emulsion, and the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic cylinder cavity has the compressibility. According to previous studies, when dynamic software is used to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic support, the equivalent spring damping module is usually used to replace the hydraulic cylinder.In order to obtain accurate impact contact dynamic response between coal gangue and the hydraulic support, the equivalent stiffness of the hydraulic cylinder in the working process should be determined accurately first when using spring damping to analyze the dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic support. The prop and the tail beam jack in this paper are all single telescopic hydraulic cylinder. Taking the tail beam jack as the example, as shown in Equivalent compression stiffness of the emulsified liquid:Circumferential extension stiffness of the cylinder body:Axial compressive stiffness of the cylinder bottom:Equivalent compression stiffness of the piston rod:Equivalent compression stiffness of the piston rod tail:After each part is connected in series, the equivalent spring stiffness of the hydraulic cylinder can be obtained as follows:The purpose of this paper is to determine the contact response differences between coal gangue and the hydraulic support through the impact contact behavior analysis of coal gangue and the hydraulic support, and to reveal the impact contact characteristics and response difference law when coal gangue impacts the different parts of the support. Due to the large number and complex shape of the underground coal gangue particles as well as the existence of anisotropy, direct theoretical or simulation modeling is difficult to achieve. Moreover, the contact position of irregular shaped particles will cause the change in the equivalent contact radius and the contact responses, so it is impossible to study the influence parameters and the changing law of the contact characteristics qualitatively by using irregular shape. In order to conduct a qualitative study and reveal coal gangue contact difference characteristics caused by their own attribute differences, this paper conducted regular treatment to coal and gangue, uniformly treating coal and gangue particles as spheres, ignoring the plastic deformation and brittle damage of particles, and ignoring the influence of rock micro-cracks  on contaIn order to improve the accuracy of simulation results, the rigid–flexible coupling impact contact dynamic model between coal gangue and the hydraulic support is established to study the impact behavior. Particles and the main impacted part of the top coal caving hydraulic support such as top beam, the shield beam and the tail beam are mesh first, the structure after grid division is shown in After the 3D model of coal gangue particles and top coal caving hydraulic support is introduced into Adams, the meshing particles, top beam, shield beam and tail beam files are introduced, respectively, into Adams to replace the corresponding solid file. The rigid area of the pin hole in the top beam, the shield beam, the tail beam, the front and rear connecting rods and the base is connected by the revolute pair. The props and the tail beam jack are equivalent replaced by spring damping modules. The rigid insert plate and the insert plate jack are fixed on the tail beam, and the rigid base is fixed in the space coordinate system. The impact position of coal gangue particles can be adjusted according to requirements, so as to realize the impact of coal gangue on different parts or positions of the support. The completed rigid–flexible impact dynamic model of coal gangue and the hydraulic support is shown in −2 m. The contact stiffness between coal gangue and the hydraulic support can be calculated by the contact stiffness calculation formula [The radius of coal gangue particles is 2.5 × 10 formula ,47,48,49Equivalent elastic modulus 7 N/m, 9.6 × 107 N/m and 1.1 × 108 N/m according to Equation (11).The props and the tail beam jacks are the single telescopic hydraulic cylinder, and the liquid column height in each cylinder is associated with the position of the hydraulic support. When the working height of the hydraulic support is 2.5 m and the coal dropping angle of the tail beam is 45°, the sizes of the props and the tail beam jack are shown in The essence of the impact contact behavior between the coal gangue particle and the hydraulic support is the nonlinear contact between the particle and the metal plate plane, so the contact model based on nonlinear spring damping in Adams is applied to its definition, the normal contact force can be combined describing by the Hertz contact theory-based elastic contact force and the system damping dissipative force, as shown in Equation (13) ,51,52:When the same coal particle impact on the top beam, shield beam and tail beam, respectively, from the same height of 0.8 m in the free-falling way, the coal particles collide with the top beam continuously more than 10 times, collide with the shield beam twice, then separate and eventually come into contact with the tail beam with rebound impact, and then collide with the tail beam only once and then separate. It follows that the change in impacted component will lead to the change in collision times between the particle and the hydraulic support.(2)Ftop beam > Fshield beam > Ftail beam, vtop beam < vshield beam < vtail beam, atop beam < atail beam < ashield beam. It can be seen that the size relationship between the contact responses produced by the same particle impacting different parts of the same support is not the same.When the same coal particle impact on the top beam, shield beam and tail beam, respectively, from the same height of 0.8 m, in the free-falling way, the change in the impacted component will lead to the change in the contact responses value, and the relationship between the contact responses between the coal particle and the impacted component is (3)When the coal and gangue particles with the same radius impact at the same component of the hydraulic support with the same height, all the contact responses amplitude of the direct contact component, the indirect contact associated components and the force transmission hinge points when the gangue impact are larger than that of coal.(4)When the coal and gangue particles with the same radius impact at the top beam with the same height, the contact response difference ratios of contact force, velocity and acceleration are above 0.8, and the difference ratios of contact force and acceleration are even above 1.7. When the single particle impact at the shield beam, the contact response difference ratios of contact force, velocity and acceleration are above 1.2, and the difference ratios of contact force and acceleration are even above 1.9. When the particles impact at the tail beam, the contact response difference ratios of contact force, velocity and acceleration are above 0.8, and the difference ratios of contact force and acceleration are even above 1.3. Therefore, when coal or gangue particles with the same size impact the same part of the hydraulic support, the contact response caused by coal and gangue is obviously different.(5)When the coal and gangue particles with the same radius impact at the same component of the hydraulic support with the same height, the associated responses of the non-directly contacting parts such as the velocity, acceleration and spring force were also significantly different, with the difference ratios above 0.8. The active forces at the hinge points when gangue impacts on the hydraulic support are greater than that of the coal, which the difference ratio is above 0.7, the differences were also significant.(6)When the impact occurs with the hydraulic support, the direct contact response, the indirect contact associated response and the contact response of the force transmission hinge points caused by coal or gangue are all significantly different. Therefore, it is feasible to identify coal and gangue based on the impact contact response.(7)When the coal and gangue particles with the same radius impact at the tail beam with the same height, not only the contact force, velocity and acceleration of the tail beam are obviously different, but the response force difference ratio of the tail beam jacks supporting the tail beam and the force difference ratio of the hinge point between the shield beam and the tail beam are both more than 0.8. Therefore, when conduct the coal gangue recognition technology research, the vibration responses of the tail beam with the contact responses of the tail beam jack and the connecting pin of the tail beam can be used as coal gangue recognition parameters.In order to further clarify the contact action law and contact difference characteristics between the coal or gangue particle and the hydraulic support, and then to further lay a foundation for studying the interaction characteristics between coal gangue particles and the hydraulic support in the drawing stage of top coal caving mining, the impact contact behavior between the single coal/gangue particle and the different parts of hydraulic support is taken as the research object in this paper. Based on the construction of the accurate equivalent spring stiffness mathematical model of the hydraulic cylinder, the rigid–flexible coupling impact contact dynamic simulation model between single coal gangue particle and the hydraulic support was established by griding treatment to coal gangue particles and the main force transmission parts of the hydraulic support, and the simulation study on impact contact behavior between coal gangue and hydraulic support is carried out. The following conclusions are drawn:The research content of this paper reveals the difference rule of contact response induced by the difference in impacted location and the impacting material properties during the contact between the coal/gangue particles and the hydraulic support, thereby providing theoretical support for coal gangue recognition in top coal caving based on the contact response difference.


Fibrosis a new section of the Journal of Translational Medicine with the purpose of gathering current high-quality research to better understand the process of normal tissue repair as well as the pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for the onset and progression of tissue fibrosis that leads to organ dysfunction and failure. Fibrosis is the common denominator in a variety of chronic diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and ulcerative colitis, among others. These fibrotic diseases affect a vast number of people across the world significantly impacting the quality of their life and increasing health care costs.We are delighted to announce the launch of Regardless of the organ affected, the dysfunction occurs following the excessive production and deposition of collagen and extracellular matrix by activated myofibroblasts altering the architecture and function of the organ . OxidatiThe pathogenesis of fibrosis is complex and not fully understood, therefore, the development of more effective therapeutic options has been challenging. There are several cell types and signaling pathways responsible for the development of lung fibrosis following repetitive exposure of the alveolar epithelial cells to a variety of injurious stimuli in combination with individual genetic, epigenetic, and immunological characteristics or predisposition . The useLiver cirrhosis is an organ-specific fibrosis that compromises important metabolic functions ultimately leading to multisystemic complications and historically death . Liver tThe goal is early diagnosis and prevention; however, most of these diseases manifest clinically when the affected organ is significantly damaged by fibrotic tissue. The time between initiation of fibrogenesis and symptoms onset varies; during the earliest stages of illness, it is difficult to prognosticate the disease course . The advFibrosis has also been further implicated in the proliferation and migration of cancer cells while creating conditions that compromise anti-tumor immunity and treatment response. The collective scientific effort is focused on understanding the interaction of profibrotic molecules and cells with a variety of cancer types aiming to develop anti-fibrotic agents that can also prevent and treat malignancies .Fibrosis will be focused on high-quality research from basic science to clinical trials. The expert members of our Editorial Board are committed to ensuring a productive scientific discussion through the rapid publication of internationally competitive and high-level peer-reviewed articles. We look forward to receiving your thought-provoking contributions to Fibrosis.The improved understanding of how fibrosis develops, causes morbidity, and promotes cancer is the foundation for making advances in diagnosis, treatment, and ultimately prevention.


Drosophila melanogaster Mutations") is a direct descendent of the computer program "Drosophila Viewer" (This is a short notice announcing the publication of an e-book by the Brazilian Society of Genetics (SBG) and reviewing it. The publication , sponsored by the University of Indiana at Bloomington, Indiana. The FlyBase site houses an incredible number of files dedicated to the detailed, in-depth biology of Drosophila, including the excellent collection of photographs of classical phenotypic mutants by  At approximately the same time the program "Drosophila Viewer" was produced, the internet online resources on Drosophila, the e-book was produced by working on all the original drawings used in the program and adding material obtained with permission from other sources, especially from Professors Thomas C. Kaufman , as well as their availability in reference Drosophila research and teaching centers. Each presentation consists of a box containing illustrations and photos of mutants. Each mutant is explained by a short text taken from the public domain Drosophila "red book" by In order to keep alive the graphic material from the "Drosophila Viewer" program and organize everything as an elementary Atlas on phenotypic mutations of Drosophila melanogaster; a few more original color diagrams were produced to represent some new variants from some photographs not included in the computer program or from the photos by Drosophila research group, who described the mutation. The boxes contain also original color photographs of whole-mounts of Drosophila mutants and/or photos of living specimens obtained from the FlyBase repository of Each box contains a diagrammatic but detailed color representation of the corresponding phenotypic mutation and some extra material. The color illustrations, taken from the archives of the program "Drosophila Viewer" had the brown color of the flies reworked to bring it to the true color of the wild-type singed. The box contains, upper row, left: an original color illustration taken and repainted from the "Drosophila Viewer" program, showing the bristles in the mutant and in the wild-type fly; upper row, right: a black & white drawing of a mutant fly  by yellow white female (yw/yw) crosses. The F2 progeny of such crosses is formed by non-recombinant  and by recombinant  flies, due to gene recombination that occurred during gametogenesis in their female parent. The different F2 phenotypes depicted occur with expected frequencies that depend on the physical distance between the involved linked genes. Formal permission for all extra material included in the Atlas was obtained directly from the respective corresponding authors and editors listed in the Atlas and in the program "Drosophila Viewer", or in the publications describing it a,b.


The situation triggered by the war initiated by Russia in Ukraine, in addition to the widely known impacts that it has directly on the affected populations, has consequences that affect to almost the entire world population. The effects are verified either through increases in the reference prices of commodities, or by occasional ruptures in the supply chains, all of which contribute to the worsening of the economic and social conditions of most of the people.One of the sectors with predictably the greatest impact is food, through multiple mechanisms that end up having the same end result: the worsening of the quantity of food produced on the planet and potentially the decrease of diets quality.Russia and Ukraine are two of the biggest food exporters at a worldwide level, as illustrated by the WPF , accountTherefore, there are strong reasons to believe that in addition to potential food shortages in the war zone, there may be a worsening of the food condition in the near future in regions where it was already fragile or perilous. Even for countries with sufficient economic conditions to continue to obtain supplies at rising prices of food raw materials, it must be considered that many vulnerable groups already faced difficulties before the war in maintaining a sufficient, healthy and balanced diet.In addition to the above-mentioned situation, Russia is the world’s largest exporter of fertilizers –12, partThe months of March and April are critical for the volume and quality of European crops and plantations when many sowings are fertilized. The failure at this point ends up having repercussions later, since not sowing or not fertilizing now will prevent or reduce the expected harvests in the coming months of July–September. This means that even assuming a rapid resolution of the conflict, problems in the world food supply chain are expected until August 2023.The lack of food in the global supply chain always ends up triggering an increase in demand for new agricultural land, reinforcing deforestation, the use of less suitable soils for agriculture, an increase in the consumption of wild species, overfishing, and other protein- and carbohydrate-seeking behaviors.This global picture of the future of human and animal nutrition poses complex challenges to Public Health, but also opens the door to developments that would have been unthinkable until recently.We should now promote food education programs among populations around the world to reduce the amount of food commodities needed to provide the same final amount of food, reduce costs per final kilogram and improve the diet provided to each person, thereby promoting better health. Therefore, the Association of Schools of Public Health in the European Region (ASPHER) calls for reinforcement of two main pillars of action: Education and Public Policies.(1) Taking advantage of the food crisis to move towards healthier diets and thus combat the metabolic diseases that are highly prevalent in the wealthiest countries.(2) Combating food waste, with education interventions focused on reducing food losses along the supply chain (currently in immense amounts).(3) Regaining appreciation for local agricultural production and products with less commercial marketing, but with great food value. History shows that already happened in previous conflicts.(4) Considering options that integrate what habitually were considered wasted parts of the animals and plants, thus reducing the pressure in the search for other food sources.(5) Fostering the search for alternatives to animal proteins that require a high consumption of cereals per kilogram of final production by others of lesser consumption.(1) Balancing the production of biofuels using missing food commodities with their allocation for food purposes.(2) Suppressing bans on of food based on its “beauty,” such as the “ugly fruit,” non-standard size vegetables and other similar measures aimed at reducing food waste.(3) Protecting wild areas from the rampant expansion of agricultural land, including protecting forests and controlling overfishing to temporarily compensate for the lack of food. There are many technological resources that can be used in agriculture and livestock capable of optimizing the production, transport, and use of food since the immediate search for profit is not the main reason for production, but the search for the best possible food for humans.(4) Valuing foods that are currently undervalued in the world food supply chain for commercial reasons, but which have a high nutritional value.(5) Adding to the current diet resources that are currently only marginal in human and animal nutrition, such as edible algae, herbs still considered harmful in most countries .(1) Prevent the aggravation or appearance of famines resulting from the war between Russia and Ukraine outside the conflict area themselves potentially causing or potentiating conflicts in other planetary regions.(2) Mitigate food shortages in the conflict zone and world-wide.(3) Enhance the quality of the diet available to each citizen.(4) Improve food education of each citizen.(5) Reduce the impacts on the planet and therefore of climate change resulting from the production of human food.These measures aim to:


MSc Psychiatry at Cardiff University is an established postgraduate programme offering students a sound theoretical basis in psychiatry as a medical science and specialty. The programme currently offers six taught modules , as well as a dissertation module that students complete towards the end of the programme. In catering for the professional needs of clinical students and students pursuing careers in academia, two additional taught modules have been proposed exploring Leadership and Management in Psychiatry and Advances in Psychiatric Research. Feedback on the proposed introduction of the new modules was collated from the current full-time and part-time student cohorts.The Forensic Psychiatry & Substance Misuse module and the proposed Leadership and Management in Psychiatry module, as well as a choice between the existing Child and Adolescent Disorders module and the proposed Advances in Psychiatric Research module.A total of 57 students currently enrolled on the programme were surveyed in relation to the proposed additional taught modules. The survey was created using Microsoft Forms and deployed via the programme's virtual learning environment . A mixed methods design was employed, with both Likert scale and open-ended items included in the survey. Students were informed that future cohorts would be offered a choice between the existing Responses from the current student body were collated and analysed. A total of 29 (51%) students surveyed were medical professionals, with the remaining 28 (49%) students being science graduates or other clinical professionals. Descriptive analysis of the quantitative data revealed that an overwhelming majority of students viewed the introduction of the new modules as a positive development that would further enhance the student learning experience and continuing professional development. Content analysis of the qualitative data revealed further insights on the nature of the proposed modules and preferences on how these should be included within the existing programme schedule.MSc Psychiatry favour the introduction of the proposed modules tailored to support professional development. Specifically, students view the proposed module on Leadership and Management in Psychiatry as catering to the needs of clinicians working in a variety of healthcare settings, whilst the proposed module exploring Advances in Psychiatric Research was considered to supplement existing course content on evidence-based medicine and caters for students with an interest in pursuing a career in academia.Students currently enrolled on the


An Essay On The Shaking Palsy, first gave a unified description of a long-known set of scattered symptoms, and 60 years have passed since the first demonstration of the antiparkinsonian effects of intravenous and orally administered L-DOPA and the insight that the progressive neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) underlies the cardinal symptoms of the disease named after James Parkinson  is still incurable, we do not know how to prevent it, and our essentially only therapeutic approach is the temporary palliative maintenance of dopaminergic signaling.More than 200 years have passed since James Parkinson, in his work arkinson . Since tFactors contributing to dopaminergic cell death . Furthermore, 17 new bis-sulfonamide derivatives have shown their potential to reduce oxidative stress, restore mitochondrial function and neuronal viability, and enhance the activity of NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 .It is necessary to find new therapeutic approaches that help prevent the disease. This objective could be achieved using compounds such as metformin, which have already demonstrated their usefulness in the treatment of other diseases and may be an effective antioxidant and neuroprotective agent .To better understand the mechanisms contributing to dopaminergic cell death in PD, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of dopaminergic neurodegeneration are being investigated at increasingly detailed levels. A comparison of the neighboring dopaminergic populations of the SNc and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) appears particularly promising, as the dopaminergic neurons of the VTA are less susceptible to neurodegenerative processes. RNA sequencing of laser capture microdissected human dopaminergic SNc and VTA neurons from healthy and PD patient's brains has uncovered a set of differentially expressed genes that are unique to either SNc or VTA dopaminergic neurons as well as genes that are dysregulated in the SNc of PD patient brains and could thus serve as biomarkers (Prakash summarizes recent findings on the molecular factors involved in dopaminergic neuron development and how they influence their survival in the adult and aging brain.One of the most interesting and recent plot twists in PD research is that some of the factors that determine neuronal fate in our old age originate early in life, i.e., in the embryonic development of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain. Identification of factors capable of exerting neuroprotective functions in a damaged brain or an aged brain could increase the survival of dopaminergic neurons and eventually enable a whole new range of treatments more ambitious than current palliative approaches and capable of halting neuronal loss. A cure for Parkinson's disease could then be within reach.Both authors listed have made a substantial, direct, and intellectual contribution to the work and approved it for publication.


Few is known regarding the intervening variables between pathological narcissism and sadism personality. Specifically, envy is a psychoanalytical construct that appears especially promising in illuminating such relationships.To extend the knowledge regarding the nomological network of pathological narcissism.We administered to a sample of Italian adults a battery of self-report questionnaires including the Italian version of the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale, the Assessment of Narcissistic Personality, The Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire and the Pathological Narcissism Inventory.First, the Italian version of the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale showed good fit indexes confirming the original factorial structure as well as configural invariance. We found that only the grandiosity facet of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory, the Rivalry subscale of the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire and the Malicious subscale of the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale positively and significantly predicted Assessment of Narcissistic Personality scores. Moreover, throughout a structural equation modeling approach, the hypothesis that rivalry and malicious envy both mediate the relationship between grandiosity and sadism was empirically supported.The use of the Benign and Malicious Envy Scale resulted to be promising in the investigation of the nomological network of pathological narcissism. Limitations and future directions are discussed.No significant relationships.


Suicide is one of the most common causes of death among young people worldwide. Adolescence is an important developmental period of life due to the increased risk of suicide and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders.To explore the suicidal ideation, intentions and risk factors of adolescents.A clinical case study presentation will be performed.An adolescent female, aged of 16 years old, was admitted to the Department of Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents of a General Hospital, diagnosed with behavioral and emotional disorder and active suicidal ideation on ground of sexual abuse. During her hospitalization, she exhibited self-destructive behaviour by swallowing objects or causing extensive skin scarring as well as serious suicide attempts by hanging. Her emotional and behavioral status was unstable and unpredictable. The adolescent had repeatedly expressed her will to escape from an unbearable life.The results of the presentation of our clinical case could contribute to the improvement of awareness regarding suicidal behavior in adolescence, which might have a significant effect on the prevention and treatment of this potentially lethal condition.No significant relationships.


This review study examines the cases of improving the therapeutic skills of therapists and areas of counseling and the important cases that midwives have to provide services and manage conditions if Diagnosis of an abnormal fetus requires attention.We aim to find the best ways of counseling for helping parents with diagnosed abnormal fetusesA search conducted by using the keywords congenital anomalies, psychological counseling, prenatal counseling in PubMed, science direct, clinical key and Google scholar search engine. after screening, the complete data of 20 articles were included in this review article.The results showed that pregnancy counseling with abnormal fetuses includes medical and psychological counseling. In medical counseling, knowledge of the types of tests and their interpretation is important, and prenatal screening training programs for health care providers should be revised based on their educational needs. In psychological counseling, to meet the needs of a changing population of clients Midwives in the context of the wider healthcare system need accurate knowledge of religious beliefs and cultural contexts of their clients in order to take the best approach to relevant care. The occurrence of a diagnosis of congenital anomaly during transmission to parents adds to the accumulation of stress-related events that may increase the risk of developing psychological symptoms in the early stages after diagnosis.Considering the different cultures of different countries of the world, midwifery counseling skills play an important part in the diagnostic and therapeutic process. Therefore, creating extraordinary educational programs on university education is needed for midwives.No significant relationships.


The production of rolling bearings is a complicated process that requires the use of many operations. The manufactured elements of rolling bearings should be of high quality while minimizing production costs. Despite many research studies related to the analysis of technological processes, there is still a lack of research and tools allowing us to satisfactorily assess the relationships between individual operations of the rolling bearing ring process of production and the quality. To perform such an assessment, one can use the concept of technological heredity phenomenon analysis. As the surface waviness of the bearing race is of key importance, the present paper aims at evaluating how the individual technological operations of the rolling bearing ring production process affect the formation of their surface waviness. The surface waviness of the bearing race was measured in both directions (two sections), i.e., along the circumference using the Talyrond 365 measurement system and across the circumference of the race using Talysurf PGI. The production of 6308-2z rolling bearings made of AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) 52100 bearing steel was analyzed. The occurrence of the phenomenon of technological heredity in the production of rolling bearings was observed. The research results indicate that the turning operation reduces the surface waviness of the bearing rings obtained after forging, while the heat treatment causes a slight increase in surface waviness. On the other hand, grinding operation significantly reduces the waviness, with this reduction being greater for the outer ring. Furthermore, the research has shown that the waviness of the surface is an inheritance factor caused by individual operations of the rolling bearing rings manufacturing process. Rolling bearings are essential components of technical devices. Rolling bearings in addition to the obvious applications, e.g., in machines and cars , are alsIt may seem that due to the prevalence and standardized character of rolling bearings, the process of their production has been fully analyzed. However, the standardization does not prevent manufacturers of rolling bearings from trying to improve their production processes so that their products are of high quality . In addiIn mechanical engineering, in addition to determining the value of deviations in the product, it is important to determine at what stage of the technological process a given deviation (error) occurs and how it is formed during the implementation. Historical information about the magnitude of deviations (errors) from the previous process is important as it enables the determination of how the magnitude of deviations affects the final product. Therefore, the magnitude of the occurring error and its impact on the subsequent part of technological processes should be controlled at each stage of the technological process. We refer to these procedures as the concept of technological inheritance analysis. The term Technological Inheritance (TI) refers to the phenomenon of transferring certain features of an object, e.g., deviation of roundness or waviness of a surface, between successive parts of technological processes. If these properties remain constant in the final product, then the phenomenon of Technological Heredity (TH) occurs.The technological heredity phenomenon analysis allows us to increase the technological process reliability. This is especially important in the case of complex mechanisms with multi-bolted connection . Thanks The concept of technological heredity analysis is the subject of several scientific studies. In the study , the autThe research presented in the present paper is intended to show how the various stages of rolling bearing ring production affect the formation of surface waviness. The heredity coefficient was used to assess these changes. It should be added that the surface waviness is a critical feature of the rolling bearing race surface ,19,20. CFor the research on the evaluation of technological heredity, the outer and inner rings of 6308-2z bearings taken directly from the production process were used. Bearings of this type are commonly used in the mechanical industry and can be installed in mechanisms with high rotational speeds. Moreover, they can support axial and radial loads. The rolling bearing rings are made of AISI 52100 bearing steel with the chemical composition and properties given in The production process of type 6308-2z rolling bearing rings includes several key operations. The most important of them were selected to assess the transformation of surface waviness. The first operation consisted of making forgings from a pipe as a blank. Then, the forgings were turned, including turning of the face, as well as the outer and inner surfaces of the ring. Another operation in the manufacturing process of the rolling bearing rings is annealing. The final step is grinding the front, internal, and external ring surfaces. The races are additionally super finished. For metrological inspection, three inner and outer rings of 6308-2z bearings taken after specific operations of the technological process were used . In ordeThe surface waviness measurements on the circumference of the race were made using a Talyrond 365 roundness measuring instrument manufactured by Taylor Hobson. It is a high-precision measurement system using the radius change method with a rotating table. The parameter used to describe the waviness measured along the circumference of the race is the roundness deviation, RONt, determined based on the least-squares circle, LC. The filtration is performed using a Gaussian filter to separate the roundness and roughness components and leave only the waviness components. This is one of most popular parameters to describe the shape quality of cylindrical elements. It is defined as maximum deviation inside and outside reference circles. As the deviation was determined for the waviness profile, in the remaining part of the paper, the waviness deviation is understood as the RONt parameter.The measurements of the waviness of the surface race carried out across the circumference of the race were carried out using a Talysurf PGI contact profilometer. Three parameters were used to assess the waviness of the surface race measured transversely, i.e., Wa, Wq, and Wt. Parameter Wa is the arithmetic mean height waviness and is the average of the absolute value along the sampling length. This is one of the most popular waviness parameters applied in industry, but it gives only general information on the waviness without specifying the spatial structure. Another important parameter is root-mean-square waviness deviation described as the Wq parameter. It should be added that the Wa and Wq parameters are used to assess the surfaces that are lubricated and sealed, which is especially important in rolling bearings. Parameter Wt is defined as the total height of the waviness profile along the vertical distance between the maximum profile peak height and the maximum profile valley depth along the evaluation length. The Wt parameter should be used to assess surfaces involved in rotational motion of mechanisms.Additionally, for selected rings of rolling bearings, the surface topographies were assessed using a Talysurf CCI optical profilometer. Such tests allow for a complete analysis of the surface waviness and the assessment of its change and transfer as a result of individual operations of the bearing ring production process.y should be determined (see Equation (1)).xo—analyzed technological operation parameter value, xpo—previous technological operation parameter value, y—analyzed technological operation index.To quantify how individual operations of the production process affect the shaping and transmission of surface waviness, the technological heredity factor THFThe technological heredity factor developed in this way allows determination of the percentage of change and the transfer of the bearing race waviness as a result of individual stages of technological operations in bearing ring production.The examination effects are presented in graphs and tables, broken down into the results for the races of the inner and outer rings. t—technological heredity coefficients for turning, THFa—technological heredity coefficients for heat treatment, and THFg—technological heredity coefficients for grinding. The values of these coefficients were determined for the waviness deviation RONt and the surface waviness parameters, i.e., Wa, Wq, Wt, and are presented in In the transfer (inheritance) of the surface waviness parameters between four operations of the rolling bearing ring production process, three heredity coefficients were determined, i.e., THFBy analyzing the test results presented in the diagram in t = −3117.22% . Moreover, the values of surface waviness inherited as a result of individual technological operations affect further stages of the process of production. Excessive waviness values also adversely affect subsequent machining operations because they can cause additional vibrations in the entire machine system (machine tool–chuck-cutting tool-piece) and propagation of additional shape errors. This can be eliminated by providing an additional allowance for grinding, but this is very energy-consuming, which is also disadvantageous.The research presented in the article is preliminary. In further studies, the author will analyze changes in other parameters as a result of other technological operations. The developed technological heredity coefficient will also be used to link the technological parameters of a given manufacturing process with the operational parameters of the manufactured part of the machine. The examination of other types of rolling bearings is planned. Furthermore, in future research, the author will examine changes in the surface texture described by waviness 3D as a result of technological operation parameters.