Ginger is an herbaceous and flowering plant renowned for its rhizome, which is widely employed as both a spice and an herb. Since ancient times, ginger has been consumed in folk medicine and traditional cuisines for its favorable health effects. Different in vitro and in vivo studies have disclosed the advantageous physiological aspects of ginger, primarily due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-carcinogenic properties. These health-promoting features are linked to the variety of bioactive compounds that are present in ginger. Following the advancement in consumer awareness and the industrial demand for organic antioxidants and functional ingredients, the application of ginger and its derivatives has been broadly investigated in a wide range of food products. The prominent features transmitted by ginger into different food areas are antioxidant and nutraceutical values (bakery); flavor, acceptability, and techno-functional characteristics (dairy); hedonic and antimicrobial properties (beverages); oxidative stability, tenderization, and sensorial attributes (meat); and shelf life and sensorial properties . This review is focused on providing a comprehensive overview of the tendencies in the application of ginger and its derivatives in the food industry and concurrently briefly discusses the beneficial aspects and processing of ginger. Zingiber officinale Roscoe) plant, producing an irregular bumpy rhizome, is extensively cultivated in the southeast region of Asia. Accurate information regarding ginger plant’s origin is not available due to a very long cultivation history in this region. In ancient Greek history (40–90 AD), the Greeks were familiar to the dietary and culinary uses of ginger. In the 13th century, during his visit to China and Sumatra, Marco Polo became acquainted with ginger and imported it to Europe. In the same era, the Arabs transported the ginger from India to East Africa, while the Portuguese spread it to West Africa . Fo. Fo27]. Gingerols are sensitive to some processing and storage conditions like thermal processing, acidic environments, air, light, and prolonged storage. When gingerols undergo these conditions, there is a possibility of the transformation of gingerols into shogaols . StudiesThe chemical composition and yield of ginger extract and ginger essential oil are also influenced by the extraction method. Advanced and green extraction techniques are preferred over classical extraction techniques . The extFurthermore, a synergistic effect with a superior quality product could also be achieved through the consolidation of these extraction techniques, and this is the most emerging approach in the field of extraction to maximize the extraction efficiency through the synchronization of two or more advanced extraction technologies . For insAs mentioned above, the functional and bioactive compounds present in ginger are associated with multiple health benefits and advantageous characteristics. The exploitation and characterization of the versatile biological and functional competencies of ginger are also crucial for further research. These multifaceted bioactivities of ginger bioactives and their modes of action are discussed here in this section.Any disturbance or adjustment with the cell’s antioxidant defense system can lead to the excessive production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and eventually, to an increase in oxidative stress. For the recovery of normal levels of free radicals and oxidative stress, various natural antioxidants have been analyzed for the neutralization of free radicals and encounter oxidative stress for the prevention of different health disorders . The maiIn the past two decades, the exploration of natural plant resources has become very attractive and beneficial, most probably due to the presence of bioactives, less toxicity, and the lower production costs . Ginger Inflammation is a phase in the natural healing process of the body to combat intruders for the prevention of infection or injury. The basic aim of inflammation is to abrogate cellular damage, withdraw and absorb necrotic cells and tissues, and regain the stability and conformity of the intracellular environment . When ceIt was also observed that the anti-neuroinflammatory capacity of gingerols enhanced with the increase in the alkyl chain length as 10-gingerol’s anti-neuroinflammatory activity was higher than the other active compounds of ginger . FurtherPsedomonas aeruginosa (a multi-drug-resistant strain) by disturbing the membrane stability and preventing biofilm formation. Currently, chemical and synthetic antimicrobials are being replaced with natural and organic antimicrobials derived from plants, animals, and microorganisms, both in health management and in food preservation. These biologically derived antimicrobials from plant sources are preferred due to their multi-oriental management, multi-targeted approach, drug resistance, and lower toxicity . Ginger Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. A study reported the bactericidal mechanism of ginger essential oil through the demolishment of the cell membrane activity and through intervening with the energy metabolism because of some macromolecular elements like proteins and nucleic acids [Candida, Aspergillus niger, and P. aeruginosa and a mild effect against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and no inhibition was detected against Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma spp., and Pencillium spp. Ginger oil obtained from dried ginger was observed to have higher anti-bacterial activity against P. aeruginosa [Ginger essential oil possesses excellent anti-bacterial activity against food-borne pathogenic bacteria such as ic acids . Anotherruginosa . There iruginosa .Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the world, and in 2020, approximately 19 million cancer cases were reported, out of which about 10 million cases worldwide were fatal . In receIn vivo and in vitro studies were carried out to evaluate the action mechanism and cytotoxic effects of ginger against prostate cancer . It was There is a possibility of an onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, and old people are at an especially high risk. Many recent studies have expressed that ginger possesses anti-neuroinflammatory capacity and has a significant role in memory function, which might be useful in the management and inhibition of neurodegenerative diseases ,63. It wWorldwide, the dominant cause of premature deaths (17.9 million people per year) is cardiovascular disease . VariousObesity or overweight is a great concern throughout the world, and it emerges from the disturbance in the energy metabolism. Basically, there are two types of adipose (fat) tissues classified on the basis of their arrangements and activities. The core function of white adipose tissues is to serve as energy depositories, while brown adipose tissues are responsible for metabolism improvement and energy expenditure. The transformation of white adipose tissues to brown adipose tissues is a novel approach to tackle obesity. 6-Gingerol could stimulate the cell browning via an AMPK-dependent approach in 3T3-L1 adipocytes ,69. GingDiabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by the insufficiency of insulin and/or insulin resistance, resulting in an uncontrolled increase in the blood glucose level. Persistent hyperglycemia could promote protein glycation and the generation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). An in vitro study revealed that 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol inhibited the proliferation of diabetic complexities and confined the methylglycoxal (MGO), the precursor of AGEs, to hinder AGE production . The oraCurrently, there is a growing trend towards healthier and functional food products as consumers are more conscious about healthy lifestyles and daily intakes. Due to prospering recognition and interest in functional food products, the scope for the exploration, characterization, and potential utilization of functional food ingredients and bioactive compounds has also magnified. Ginger, being a valuable functional ingredient and marvelous source of bioactives, has also been integrated into a variety of food products. Here, the food applications of ginger in its different forms  will be discussed to provide a comprehensive and broader prospective of its employment. The impact of ginger incorporation on the sensorial attributes of various food products is also discussed below .Rhizopus stolonifer on bread, but ginger may impart unfavorable flavor characteristics to the bread [A variety of studies have been carried out to use ginger as a potential food additive in bakery products . For inshe bread . The aforementioned studies mainly dealt with the addition of ginger to produce functional bread. However, in some parts of the world, distinct baking products exist wherein ginger is used as a dominant flavoring ingredient. For instance, gingerbread is a traditional bakery product in the Czech Republic, particularly in the town of Pardubice, where ginger is the prevalent flavor. It is produced in a variety of shapes, types, and textures ranging from a crispy biscuit to a soft cake ,80. HencLee et al.  proposedThe functional, nutritional, antioxidant, and sensorial properties of millet flour and ginger powder-formulated cookies were investigated by Marak et al. . This stTo a large extent, Almasodi  successfAs per the foregoing studies, ginger powder is the most widely employed form of ginger in bakery products, followed by ginger juice. The pertinent amount of ginger powder and processing conditions are the key factors in the acquirement of balanced functional bakery items without any alteration in the desirable characteristics of the product. So, bakery products with admirable nutraceutical values could also be produced through the precise supplementation of ginger. There is also a considerable potential for innovation and improvement in the dairy sector, where ginger, an active ingredient, has also contributed . The supA novel approach was also attempted to evaluate the effects of ginger, cinnamon, and carob powders on spray-dried milk powders and their agglomerates . Milk pov/v) was regarded as the suitable concentration in yogurt production [Apart from ginger powder, the effect of ginger juice on the physicochemical and hedonic attributes of yogurt was also investigated at different concentrations. An inverse relationship was observed among the amount of ginger juice, the viability of the starter culture, and the hardness of the product. Based on the finding of this study and the sensorial characteristics of the product, the ginger juice addition at the rate of 4% . The increase in the ginger juice concentration was inversely proportional to the fat, protein, and total solid contents of the product. Considering the sensorial properties and other attributes, a 2.5% ginger juice addition in the milkshake was regarded as an optimum value. Gaur et al. [Jadhav et al.  formulatr et al.  also sucw/w) with a better hedonic response than all other treatments including the control. Ginger juice improved the product’s resistance against melting but lowered the fat and total solid contents in the herbal ice cream [L. acidophilus-based probiotic culture to produce probiotic ice cream at the optimized levels of 3%, 6%, and 7% (w/w), respectively.Several studies were also designed for the potential exploitation of ginger into an herbal ice cream product. Herbal ice cream could be manufactured employing 4% ginger juice  and goat milk was characterized with the highest antioxidant activity than other milk sources . A sensorial analysis revealed that herbal yogurt augmented with ginger extract (1%) was superior in color and appearance, while garlic extract (0.2%) was responsible for a better taste and flavor ,107.Ginger extract in combination with gum arabic has also been exploited in the manufacturing of a yogurt-based traditional Iranian drink, Doogh . The synThe ethical, economical, and supply chain aspects of the calf rennet compelled dairy experts to explore other potential sources of milk coagulation. Ginger and its derivatives were also analyzed as potential coagulants in cheese processing. Ginger crude extract emerged as an auspicious coagulant in soft un-ripened cheese manufactured from camel milk . Ginger Ginger extract has been productively employed in soft cheese manufacturing as a functional ingredient. Ginger extract addition promoted the quality attributes of soft cheese by reducing the pH, oxidative rancidity, and microbial load while increasing the proteolysis, cohesiveness, and smoothness of the product. Ginger extract-fortified cheese also earned higher scores for texture, flavor, and overall acceptability than the control. Ginger extract (4%) coupled with the pickling of the soft cheese was reported with superior quality characteristics . Herbal ice cream with health-promoting attributes and a reduced sugar content could also be prepared by formulating ginger extract and xylitol . The phyIn another study, different forms of ginger such as ginger juice, paste, candy, and powder were formulated into ice cream to analyze its physicochemical and hedonic attributes. The addition of ginger juice and paste decreased the fat, total solid, and overrun contents, while the incorporation of ginger candy and powder increased the fat, total solid, and overrun contents, but the phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity were increased in all inclusions. The product’s resistance to melting improved in all preparations of the ginger, and the optimized incorporation level of all ginger forms were 4% paste, 6% juice, 10% candy, and 1% powder . A novel approach of utilizing ginger essential oil in yogurt preparation was also successfully applied to evaluate the quality characteristics of the final product. Ginger essential oil enrichment (1000 ppm) lowered the syneresis and pH, while it enhanced the shelf life of the product and improved the overall acceptance of the product . EffortsIn conclusion, ginger’s diversified applications in dairy products have demonstrated its vast potential as a functional ingredient. Among the different forms of ginger, ginger extract came up as an extensively employed form, followed by ginger juice, powder, and essential oil. Ginger extract exhibited its aptitude for improving the overall techno-functional characteristics of dairy products and offering persuasive coagulation properties for cheese manufacturing. While the use of all forms of ginger proved to be effective in elevating the functionality and efficacy of dairy products, at the same time, some quality and hedonic characteristics were also compromised, but the incorporation of ginger extract was identified with higher functional and physicochemical improvements and minimal quality defects.Like other food sectors, the incorporation of functional food ingredients including ginger has also been investigated in beverages . In the Ginger extract in combination with lemon juice rendered an excellent job as a natural preservative in a carrot–mandarin RTS drink. During storage, a few modifications were observed in the physicochemical properties, but the product characteristics remained consistent to a large extent . A gingeFresh ginger extract was adequately exploited in the production of a ginger-based functional carbonated beverage. The functionality and sensorial characteristics of the drink were improved with the addition of ginger rhizome extract, but the shelf life was largely associated with the carbonation level of the product . In anotHibiscus sabdariffa flowers [Ginger is also a vital ingredient in Zobo drink, a traditional and indigenous Nigerian drink prepared from  flowers . The for flowers . v/v) was furnished for a functional beverage utilizing ginger extract (15.1%), tamarind extract (9.9%), turmeric extract (5.0%), sugar solution (40%), and water (30%). Ginger has also been formulated in various functional beverages in the form of blends with different spices, herbs, fruits, and other food ingredients. A soybean, ginger, and mango-based functional drink was developed to effectively exploit the nutritional and functional values of these ingredients, which were consequently attributed with feasible sensorial properties and overall acceptability . An optiGinger extract, Kencur extract, and their combination blend were incorporated into an instant temulawak beverage, an indigenous Indonesian drink, to evaluate their impacts on the physicochemical and sensorial attributes of the final product. The inclusion of ginger extract in a concentration of up to 15% enhanced the flavor, aroma, and overall acceptance of the Temulawak drink . AnotherThe integration of two different food ingredients could ameliorate the defective quality attributes of the intended food product. The fusion of a better coloring feature from tea and a favorable flavoring attribute from ginger resulted in a superior acceptable beverage product . During The above-mentioned research findings have provided insight into the exploitation of ginger in beverage products. Even in beverages, the employment of ginger extract seems to dominate over the rest of the ginger derivatives due to its better assimilation and conducive characteristics. The incorporation of ginger into different drinks not only augmented but also maintained the shelf life, nutraceutical value, and antimicrobial activity. Several investigations and experiments were also conducted to figure out the effects of ginger and its derivatives in various forms on meat and fish products . Rabbit A comparative analysis was conducted to assess the effects of three different spices as potential organic preservatives in raw chicken meat products. Clove powder (0.2%), even in a very small quantity, compared to ginger (3%) and garlic (2%) pastes performed very well to improve the oxidative stability, physicochemical properties, and antimicrobial activities in raw chicken meat with refrigerated storage . Ginger It was revealed that the competence level of ginger was as good as sodium ascorbate to combat oxidative rancidity, while the textural and sensorial properties of meat products with ginger were better than synthetic antioxidants . Ginger Smoked mackerel fish was treated with ginger extract to evaluate its influence on the shelf life and hedonic characteristics . Ginger A variety of synthetic tenderizers and proteolytic enzymes had been engaged in the tenderization of meat. Currently, natural tenderizers are in demand due to certain constraints of synthetic tenderizers such as safety issues, unpleasant tastes, and over-tenderization. Ginger extract (5%) was recommended as a potential tenderizer for Yak meat as it enhanced the cooking yield, tenderness, and lipid oxidative stability during storage ,150. Researchers had also adopted a distinct approach to improve the meat quality through feeding ginger, as a potential dietary supplement, to the animals. Ginger and its derivatives in various forms were highly effective in inducing favorable characteristics such as lowering the cholesterol and improving the egg functionality and carcass quality in poultry animals ,152. TheAs per the aforementioned studies, ginger has an extensive application potential in the meat industry, embellishing meat products with an array of favorable characteristics. The incorporation of ginger into meat products competently ameliorated the nutritional value, oxidative stability, lipid profile, and antimicrobial activity of the meat products. The ability of ginger to provide elegant antioxidant and tenderization activities without compromising the sensorial and textural attributes of meat products has also provided another priority lead over artificial antioxidants and tenderizing agents. The inclusion of ginger in the diets of animals as a dietary supplement has also emerged as a novel and efficient approach, which remarkably improves the fatty acid profile and carcass quality of the animals.Ginger and its bioactive compounds have also been examined for their potential applications as edible coatings, films, or active ingredients in packaging . The usev/v) ginger essential oil, regarded as whey protein isolate ginger (WPIG) coating [E. coli and S. aureus, while Tsironi et al. [Whey protein isolate (WPI) coating on Kashar cheese was characterized with water and fat barrier attributes, which were significantly developed with the addition of 1.5%  coating enhanced the shelf life and maintained the quality attributes of beef; moreover, these characteristics were substantially improved with the incorporation of ginger essential oil (SAG) into edible coating . CompareFish sarcoplasmic protein and chitosan composite films enriched with ginger essential oil (up to 3%) were analyzed for their physicochemical and antioxidant features . Ginger Zhang et al.  also forIt is evident from the foregoing literature that ginger oleoresins have promising applications in edible films, coatings, and the packaging sector, where ginger essential oil has better and extensive utilizations than ginger extract. The consolidation of ginger significantly improved the oxidative stabilities, antimicrobial activities, and sensorial properties of the intended food products. Ginger also performed better than the synthetic preservatives, improved the shelf life, and retained the quality attributes of the products.Ginger, with strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, and other functional activities, has a great potential for employment in the food industry. In this review, many studies have been presented regarding the acquirement of the bioactive compounds of ginger in different forms such as powder, extract, juice, paste, and essential oil. The application of ginger and its derivatives in a variety of food products has been extensively investigated and reported with auspicious results. Among all of the derivatives of ginger, ginger extract was found to be a more practicable, efficient, and versatile form of ginger for food applications. Ginger essential oil is another efficient variant of ginger, but its food applications are limited because of its strong aroma and immiscibility with certain food products.These studies have also revealed another positive aspect of ginger, which is that it could be employed in a wide range of food products, covering almost all leading sectors of the food industry. The incorporation of ginger, in its various forms, thoroughly improved the functionality and bioactivity of the intended food products, but the physicochemical and sensory properties of these products were also compromised in a legitimate number of studies. Further studies mainly focused on the efficacy, optimization, and assimilation of ginger bioactives into food products without compromising the physicochemical characteristics and sensory profiles of the products must be carried out. The probable synergistic effect of ginger bioactives with other compounds and toxicity studies of different compounds in their purest forms should also be investigated to ensure the safe use of these functional compounds.


The authors were not able to provide the raw data and the Editor-in-Chief and editorial board no longer have confidence in the reported results. The article is therefore retracted.Materials.This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal The authors did not agree to this retraction.


Applied Bionics and Biomechanics has retracted the article titled “To Explore the Effects of Acupuncture and Medical Treatment at Different Times on the Gastrointestinal Reaction and White Blood Cell Count of Patients with Lung Cancer Chemotherapy” [therapy”  due to cFollowing an investigation conducted by the Hindawi Research Integrity team , signifiThe authors do not agree to the retraction.


During the final proofreading step of this paper , some er3 in author name part should also be changed to Victoria Cirone 3,4,5.The original Affiliation 3 should be changed to Affiliations 3, 4 and 5. Victoria Cirone Original Affiliation 3: Department of Physical Therapy, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, The Centre for Aging SMART, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V1Y 1T3, Canada.After changed: Affiliation 3: Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.Affiliation 4: Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.Affiliation 5: Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.DV2RbSE b95% CIspIn the original publication, there was a formatting error in Table 3 as published. In the first row of identifying variables, it should be updated from Cis to CIs . The correction appears below. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected.There were minor typographical errors in the original publication. Below is the list of minor amendments. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected.TYPO: Section 2. Methods; 2.1. Participants: please update “recruited to complete this study (May 2020–February 2022) and they...” from May 2020 to May 2021.CORRECTION: Adults between 18 and 35 years old were recruited to complete this study (May 2021–February 2022) and they received monetary compensation.2.TYPO: Section 2. Methods; 2.2. Materials; 2.2.2. Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness: please update “The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a tool used to measure the distance an individual can walk on a straight path in six-minutes” by removing the dash from the six minutes at the end of the sentence. It should read: “The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a tool used to measure the distance an individual can walk on a straight path in six minutes”.CORRECTION: The six-minute walk test (6MWT) is a tool used to measure the distance an individual can walk on a straight path in six minutes .3.TYPO: Section 2. Methods; 2.6. Operation Span (OSPAN) Task: please update “with a three by four matrix of letters” to “with a three-by-four matrix of letters”.CORRECTION: Finally, participants were presented with a three-by-four matrix of letters and had to select the letters in sequence as they had appeared prior to the math task.4.TYPO: Section 4. Discussion (paragraph 2): There is a missing period after reference 92.CORRECTION: That said, the effect sizes tend to be larger in children than in adults [92].The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.


Upon re-conducting the crucial experiments, they found that the trend of CD133 as depicted in Figure 1C did not align with the results initially reported in the manuscript.In their statement, the authors noted: “After the loss of some original data, we repeated the experiments and discovered discrepancies when grouping by age; the trend of CD133 in Figure 1C did not replicate the results in the original text (see attachment). Subsequent experiments could not validate the original conclusion that the concentration of CD133+ in renal stem cells peaks in the neonatal group and decreases with age. As a result, we acknowledge there are inaccuracies in the scientific content of the study. To prevent any potential confusion or misinterpretation among readers and to maintain the credibility of the journal, we request a retraction in line with the journalʼs policy.”Acknowledging the authorsʼ transparency, and in adherence with our journalʼs retraction policy, the decision to retract the paper was made. We regret any misunderstanding or inconvenience this may have caused to our readers. We commend the authors for their dedication to scientific precision and their responsible approach to this issue.Biomolecules and Biomedicine remains firmly committed to upholding the highest standards of research integrity. We assure the readers that we will continue to take all necessary steps to rectify the scientific record when warranted.


The journal retracts the 2022 article cited above.Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the provenance of the patient data used in this study. Specifically, during the investigation, which was conducted in accordance with Frontiers' policies, it was found that the authors failed to provide appropriate authorization for the use of patient data. Unauthorized data use is a breach of Frontiers' guidelines and those of the Committee on Publication Ethics. As such, this article is being retracted.This retraction was approved by the Chief Editors of Frontiers in Medicine and the Chief Executive Editor of Frontiers. The authors agree to this retraction.


Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the integrity of the images in the published figures. Specifically, image duplication concerns were identified in Figure 7E. The authors failed to provide a satisfactory explanation during the investigation, which was conducted in accordance with Frontiers' policies. As a result, the data and conclusions of the article have been deemed unreliable and the article has been retracted. The authors agree to this retraction.


Following the publication of this article , 2, concIn Figure 3B:Bands 1 and 5 appear similar when band 1 is horizontally flipped.Band 1 appears to be flanked by vertical discontinuities when background levels are adjusted.Lanes 1, 5, and 7 appear to have similar patterns within the background.In the p-mTOR panel:In the Keap1 panel, lanes 2 and 5 appear to have similar patterns within the background.In the Actin panel, lanes 5 and 8 appear to have similar patterns within the background.In the S6K panel, lanes 2 and 8 appear to have similar patterns within the background.In Figure 4B:In the p-mTOR panel, lanes 5 and 6 appear to have similar background patterns when lane 5 is horizontally flipped.In Figure 5A:Lanes 4 and 8 appear to have similar features within the background.There appears to be a vertical discontinuity between lanes 7 and 8.In the Actin panel:In Figure 5B:In the Actin panel, when levels are adjusted to visualize background, lanes 1 and 3 appear to have similar features within the background.In Figure 5C:Lanes 5 and 7 appear to have similarities in both the bands and background features.Bands 6 and 8 appear to be similar.In the Actin panel:The corresponding author stated that the underlying data for this article , 2 is noPLOS ONE Editors retract this article. YC & LZ did not agree with the retraction and stand by the article’s findings. ECB responded but neither agreed nor disagreed with the retraction. YX, ZL, and AM either did not respond directly or could not be reached.In light of the above concerns with Figures 3B, 4B, and 5A-C which question the validity of these data, and in the absence of the underlying data required to resolve these concerns, the


Microsystems & NanoengineeringCorrection to: 10.1038/s41378-023-00532-0 published online 16 May 20231, it was noticed that the phrase ‘DNA sequencing’ is incorrect, which should be replaced by ‘biosensing’.Correction Following publication of the original articleThe original paper has been updated.


There was an error in the original publication . The autA correction has been made to “Section 3.2”:p < 0.05) (see Table 3). For daughters, there were no significant comment variables (see Table 2).There were no significant comment variables when exploring parental comments to all adolescents (see Table 1); however, when exploring gendered dyads, mothers’ positive comments to sons on eating were significantly related to higher BMI at one-year follow-up (RE: 2.49; 95% CI: 0.57–4.41 The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. The original publication has also been updated.


Retraction Note: BMC Public Health 9, 241 (2009)10.1186/1471-2458-9-241The Editor has retracted this article due to the author’s inability to provide documentation of approval from an ethics committee.Ramesh Adhikari does not agree with this retraction. Jyotsna Tamang has not responded to correspondence from the Editor about this retraction.


After having been in contact with the authors, they agreed with the decision to retract the paper. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused.The authors requested that a corrigendum be published to rectify this problem; however, after having conducted an independent analysis of the data in the Editorial Office, we have noticed that the data shown in Figs. 5A and 6C are strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles published in another journal, mainly written by different authors at different research institutions. Owing to the fact that the contentious data in the above article were already under consideration for publication, or had already been published, elsewhere at the time it was submitted to


Retraction Note: BMC Public Health (2022) 22:194010.1186/s12889-022-14341-zThe Editors have retracted this article after readers raised concerns around the methodology. A post-publication review highlighted concerns about the assumption of ‘0’ prevalence of e-cigarette use in 2010 which contradicts available data; this assumption is not fully supported by the sensitivity analyses performed by the authors. Therefore, the Editors have lost confidence in the results reported by the article. None of the authors agree to this retraction.


There are errors in the Funding section. The correct Funding statement is: Specific grant number: GST03 Initials of authors who received award: AvS Specific grant number: EDU/0500057415 Initials of authors who received award: AvS, HYFull names of commercial companies that funded the study or authors: no commercial company funded the study or authors.Work preparatory to this meta-analysis was funded by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (Contract Reference: EDU/0500057415).The systematic literature search and the coding for this meta-analysis was funded by the Global TIES for Children Research Center at New York University Abu Dhabi (GST03).https://nyuad.nyu.edu/en/research/faculty-labs-and-projects/global-ties-for-children.htmlURL to sponsor’ website: The funders (other than the named authors) had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.


Missing CitationIn the original publication , refs 22,3 were With these corrections, the order of some references have been adjusted accordingly. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.


Retraction note: Cell Biosci (2019) 9:2810.1186/s13578-019-0290-2The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article because of concerns that a number of panels in Figs. 2d, 4d and 4e are duplicated from previously published articles. Specifically:The eight panels in Fig. 2d appear to be the same as panels in Fig. 2B of .Eleven of the panels in Fig. 4d appear to be the same as panels in Fig. 2C of .Five of the panels in Fig. 4e appear to overlap with panels in Fig. 3A of .The Editor-in-Chief therefore no longer has confidence in the validity of the data reported. None of the authors has responded to correspondence from the Publisher about this retraction.


NAR Genomics and Bioinformatics, Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2021, lqad031, https://doi.org/10.1093/nargab/lqad031https://hugheslab.ccbr.utoronto.ca/supplementary-data/HumanGeneEnds/) , is erroneous. This file gave the locations and scores of all the cryptic Cleavage and Polyadenylation (CPA) sites discovered by the ‘baseline’ Random Forests classifier, and it was used in later parts of the paper, mainly Figure 6.In December 2022, the Authors alerted the Editors that the Cryptic_dataset.bed file originally posted on the project web site  .Shuffled motifs performed no better than real motifs  , presumably because the PAS is mostly a homopolymer (consensus AAUAAA) , so shuffling it (and related motifs) produces a related homopolymer.The corrected Figure 6 therefore reaches a very different biological conclusion from the original paper. The original paper speculated that many factors make small contributions to CPA site definition, but this new result instead suggests only that the current models of the PAS sequence will benefit from tweaking.https://doi.org/10.1093/nargab/lqad031. The .bed file has been replaced with the rebuilt version on the project web site.Given the circumstances, the Authors are retracting the original version of the article and replacing it with a new version, which has been reviewed and accepted by the editors. The new version has been republished as


Authors Hélène Tourrière, Karim Chebli, Latifa Zekri, Edouard Bertrand, and Jamal Tazi agree with the retraction of


The Royal Society of Chemistry is publishing this expression of concern in order to alert readers that concerns have been raised regarding the reliability of the XRD data in Fig. 3a and the PL spectroscopy data in Fig. S2. An investigation is underway, and an expression of concern will continue to be associated with the article until a final outcome is reached.Laura Fisher2nd November 2023RSC AdvancesExecutive Editor,


Error in Figure, as published. The corrected  appears below. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.In the original publication , there w


Correction to: Psychopharmacologyhttps://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-022-06191-9After publication of this paper, the authors inadvertently excluded Dr. Pagano Zottola from the list of authors and that the journal Psychopharmacology has no responsibility for the omission.All authors agree to correct the list of authors as follows:Antonio C. Pagano Zottola4,5,7, Valeria Orrù3, Valentina Serra3, Edoardo Fiorillo3, Paola Fadda1,6, Giovanni Marsicano4,5,Maria Antonietta De Luca1Giulia Margiani#,1, Maria Paola Castelli #,1, Nicholas Pintori1, Roberto Frau1,2, Maria Grazia Ennas1, 4 INSERM, U1215 NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France5 University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France7 Institut de Biochimie et Génétique Cellulaires, UMR 5095, Bordeaux FranceThe original article has been corrected.


The authors would like to state that they inadvertently omitted one of the authors when preparing the manuscript. The authors of this work are as follows:1, Nataša Kočar Mlinarič2, Peter Raspor3 and Iztok Jože Košir1*Miha Ocvirk1Slovenian Institute of Hop Research and Brewing, C. Žalskega tabora 2, 3310 Žalec, Slovenia2Pivovarna Laško Union d.o.o., Pivovarniška ulica 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia3Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia


Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the integrity of the images in the published figures. The authors failed to provide the raw data or a satisfactory explanation during the investigation, which was conducted in accordance with Frontiers’ policies. Given the concerns about the validity of the data, and the lack of raw data, the editors no longer have confidence in the findings presented in the article.The authors agree to this retraction.This retraction was approved by the Chief Editors of Frontiers in Pharmacology and the Chief Executive Editor of Frontiers.


Following the publication of this article , an erroSpecifically, the authors had sought to delete Scarb1 in cells of the osteoblast lineage but used the C57BL/6N-Scrib<tm1c(NCOM)Mfgc>/Tcp conditional allele which encodes the protein Scrib, not the protein Scarb1.Bone [The authors would also like to alert the readership that the same error occurred in another of their recent articles, which has also been retracted . A readeBone  identifiThe authors regret this error that nullifies the conclusions of the paper. In light of this issue, the authors retract the article.All authors agree with the retraction and apologize for the issues with the published article.


Bioscience Reports, at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial Board, following receipt of a notification from a reader alerting the Editorial Board to an image that seems to also appear in other papers by unrelated authors.This Retraction follows an Expression of Concern relating to this article previously published by Portland Press. This article is being retracted from Specifically, the Figure 3C Inhibitor NC panel seems to appear as the Figure 2D Si-Tcf3#3 image from He et al. 2019 (doi: 10.1042/bsr20180369) and as the 143B/sh-VAV3+inhibitor panel of Figure 6E from Xiao et al. 2020 (doi: 10.18632/aging.103762).The authors have been contacted with regards to the retraction and have not responded to the Journal's queries or the concerns raised. Given the extent of the issues raised, the Editorial Board stand by the decision to retract the article.


They also wish to apologize to the readership of the Journal for any inconvenience caused.The revised version of


After this article  was publSpecifically:In Fig 1A, the Thr217 control bands appear similar to the Ser238 control bands.In Fig 1C, the Ser235 AD bands appear similar to the Ser413 AD bands.In Fig 2A, there appear to be vertical discontinuities between all bands in the α-Syn panel and between the Control and PD-FC bands in the γ-Syn panel.In Fig 2B, the second “control” band in the β-Syn panel appears to be flanked by vertical discontinuities.PLOS ONE Editors remain concerned about the issues contained within these figures.The authors did not respond to the concerns that were raised regarding these figures, and no underlying data was provided for editorial review. Accordingly these concerns cannot be resolved and the PLOS ONE Editors issue this Expression of Concern.In light of the above concerns, the All authors either did not respond directly or could not be reached.


After this article  was publIn addition, concerns were raised about some aspects of the methodology in . SpecifiIn response to queries about the methodology, the corresponding author stated that the results and hypothesis development/theoretical framework in  are corrPLOS ONE article. This institution’s investigation did not include interviews or research record reviews for the authors of [The complainants’ institution investigated the concern that aspects of  overlap thors of , who areThe corresponding author refuted the claims and stated that the work reported in  was not PLOS ONE editors issue this Expression of Concern.PLOS considers that the methodology concerns are resolved. However, we were unable to obtain input from Chongqing University as needed to clarify the concerns about ownership, permissions, and similarities to pre-existing unpublished work. Therefore, the


Background: Histamine H2 receptor antagonists are a group of drugs that inhibit gastric juice secretion in gastrointestinal diseases. However, there is evidence to suggest that H2 blockers have a broader spectrum of activity. The antioxidant properties of H2 blockers have not been fully elucidated, and their anti-glycation potential has not been studied to date. Therefore, this is the first study to compare the antioxidant and antiglycation potentials of the most popular H2 antagonists  on protein glycoxidation in vitro. Methods: Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was glycated using sugars  as well as aldehydes . Results: In the analyzed group of drugs, ranitidine was the only H2 blocker that significantly inhibited BSA glycation in all tested models. The contents of protein carbonyls, protein glycoxidation products , and early (↓Amadori products) and late-stage (↓AGEs) protein glycation products decreased in samples of glycated BSA with the addition of ranitidine relative to BSA with the addition of the glycating agents. The anti-glycation potential of ranitidine was comparable to those of aminoguanidine and Trolox. In the molecular docking analysis, ranitidine was characterized by the lowest binding energy for BSA sites and could compete with protein amino groups for the addition of carbonyl groups. H2 blockers also scavenge free radicals. The strongest antioxidant properties are found in ranitidine, which additionally has the ability to bind transition metal ions. The systematic literature review also revealed that the anti-glycation effects of ranitidine could be attributed to its antioxidant properties. Conclusions: Ranitidine showed anti-glycation and antioxidant properties. Further research is needed, particularly in patients with diseases that promote protein glycation. Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants in the body . This pr•O2− production in granulocytes, whereas ranitidine and famotidine did not elicit such a response sulfanyl}ethyl)guanidine), ranitidine ((E)-N-{2-[({5-[(Dimethylamino)methyl]-2-furyl}methyl)sulfanyl]ethyl}-N’-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine), and famotidine (3-[[[[2-((Diaminomethylene)amino]thiazol-4-yl]methyl]thio]-N’-sulfamoylpropanimidamide), are used in the treatment of gastrointestinal inflammations  12]. H2. H212]. response . In viewThe literature review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 criteria. A description of the inclusion and exclusion criteria is provided in the Materials and Methods. Three independent researchers performed an initial data analysis based on manuscript titles and abstracts. In the next stage, the selected articles were read and assessed for eligibility based on the adopted inclusion/exclusion criteria. Cohen’s kappa coefficient (κ) (κ = 0.91) was used to measure inter-rated reliability. To ensure high data quality, all manuscripts were assessed for methodology, and the following data were gathered: author names and affiliations, year of publication, research project, sample size, inclusion and exclusion criteria, study duration, and results. The systematic review yielded 868 research articles in the Medline database (PubMed). Of those, 782 were rejected due to misleading titles. Eighty-six abstracts were read, and twenty-two of those were assessed for eligibility based on the adopted inclusion/exclusion criteria. Fourteen articles were unrelated to the studied topic. Ultimately, only eight research articles were included in the study. A flowchart of the systematic review process is presented in •O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human neutrophils [•O2−) [•OH) in various in vitro models [•NO) radicals. Famotidine is a more potent scavenger of •NO radicals than ranitidine and cimetidine [The results of the literature review indicate that cimetidine and famotidine inhibit the production of superoxide (trophils . Ranitids [•O2−) , as wells [•O2−) . Ranitido models ,24. The o models . H2 antametidine . Ranitidmetidine , as wellmetidine . The detailed results of the literature review are presented in the Various glycation agents, including sugars (glucose (Glc), fructose (Fru), galactose (Ga), and ribose (Rib)) and aldehydes  and methylglyoxal (MGO)) were used in this study due to differences in the glycation kinetics of BSA. Human albumin is glycated mainly by D-glucose . In the The content of protein glycoxidation products (dityrosine and N-formylkynurenine) was considerably higher in samples of BSA with the addition of glucose than in BSA alone. The dityrosine contents were significantly lower in BSA+Glc+aminoguanidine (↓50.1%), BSA+Glc+Trolox (↓45.1%), BSA+Glc+ranitidine (↓87.9%), and BSA+Glc+famotidine (↓11.2%) than in BSA+Glc. The dityrosine content was lower in BSA+Glc+ranitidine (↓78.9%) than in BSA. In turn, the dityrosine contents were higher in BSA+Glc+cimetidine (↑69.9%) and BSA+Glc+famotidine (↑50.8%) than in BSA. The contents of N-formylkynurenine were lower in BSA+Glc+aminoguanidine (↓18.6%), BSA+Glc+Trolox (↓21.5%), BSA+Glc+ranitidine (↓75.4%), and BSA+Glc+famotidine (↓11.3%) than in BSA+Glc. The content of N-formylkynurenine was also considerably lower in BSA+Glc+ranitidine (↓75.6%) and higher in BSA+Glc+aminoguanidine (↑93.6%), BSA+Glc+cimetidine (↑127.4%), BSA+Glc+Trolox (↑87.6%), and BSA+Glc+famotidine (↑110.3%) than in BSA A,B.The content of protein glycation products (Amadori products and AGEs) was higher after the addition of glucose (BSA+Glc) than in BSA alone. The contents of Amadori products were lower in BSA+Glc+aminoguanidine (↓32.3%), BSA+Glc+Trolox (↓20.4%), BSA+Glc+ranitidine (↓45.9%), and BSA+Glc+famotidine (↓7.2%) than in BSA+Glc. The contents of Amadori products were higher in BSA+Glc+aminoguanidine (↑275.9%), BSA+Glc+Trolox (↑335.2%), BSA+Glc+ranitidine (↑203.6%), BSA+Glc+cimetidine (↑425.9%), and BSA+Glc+famotidine (↑407.6%) than in BSA. The contents of AGEs were lower in BSA+Glc+aminoguanidine (↓29.3%), BSA+Glc+Trolox (↓27.4%), BSA+Glc+ranitidine (↓91.5%), and BSA+Glc+famotidine (↓14.3%) than in BSA+Glc. The contents of AGEs were considerably higher in BSA+Glc+aminoguanidine (↑40.3%), BSA+Glc+Trolox (↑44.9%), BSA+Glc+cimetidine (↑93.6%), and BSA+Glc+famotidine (↑68.2%), and lower in BSA+Glc+ranitidine (↓80.8%) than in BSA C,D. The content of PCs was higher after the addition of glucose (BSA+Glc) than in BSA alone. The content of PCs was higher in BSA+Glc+famotidine (↑62.3%) than in BSA+Glc. The contents of PCs were higher in BSA+Glc+cimetidine (↑262.3%) and BSA+Glc+famotidine (↑344.2%) than in BSA. The content of TTs was lower in BSA+Glc+ranitidine (↓51.8%) than in BSA+Glc. In comparison with BSA, the contents of TTs were lower in BSA+Glc and in BSA+Glc after the addition of aminoguanidine, Trolox, ranitidine, cimetidine, and famotidine  E,F.The contents of protein glycoxidation products (dityrosine and N-formylkynurenine) were considerably higher in BSA with the addition of fructose than in BSA alone. The dityrosine contents were significantly lower in BSA+Fru+aminoguanidine (↓53%), BSA+Fru+Trolox (↓47%), BSA+Fru+ranitidine (↓85%), BSA+Fru+cimetidine (↓50%), and BSA+Fru+famotidine (↓53%) than in BSA+Fru. The dityrosine contents were also significantly lower in BSA+Fru+aminoguanidine (↓21%), BSA+Fru+ranitidine (↓75%), BSA+Fru+cimetidine (↓17%), and BSA+Fru+famotidine (↓21%) than in BSA. The contents of N-formylkynurenine were lower in BSA+Fru+aminoguanidine (↓93%), BSA+Fru+Trolox (↓79%), BSA+Fru+ranitidine (↓86%), BSA+Fru+cimetidine (↓50%), and BSA+Fru+famotidine (↓48%) than in BSA+Fru. The contents of N-formylkynurenine were also considerably lower in BSA+Fru+aminoguanidine (↓84%), BSA+Fru+Trolox (↓50%), and BSA+Fru+ranitidine (↓67%), but higher in BSA+Fru+famotidine (↑21%) than in BSA G,H.The contents of protein glycation products (Amadori products and AGEs) were also higher after fructose addition (BSA+Fru) than in BSA alone. In turn, the contents of Amadori products were significantly lower in samples of BSA+Fru+aminoguanidine (↓61%), BSA+Fru+Trolox (↓47%), BSA+Fru+ranitidine (↓69%), BSA+Fru+cimetidine (↓49%), and BSA+Fru+famotidine (↓51%) than in BSA+Fru. The contents of Amadori products were higher in BSA+Fru+aminoguanidine (↑116%), BSA+Fru+Trolox (↑194%), BSA+Fru+ranitidine (↑72%), BSA+Fru+cimetidine (↑183%), and BSA+Fru+famotidine (↑172%) than in BSA. The contents of AGEs were considerably higher in BSA+Fru+ranitidine (↑96%), BSA+Fru+cimetidine (↑164%), and BSA+Fru+famotidine (↑138%) than in BSA I,J. The content of PCs was higher in the presence of fructose (BSA+Fru) than in BSA alone (↑177%), and lower in BSA+Fru+ranitidine (↓72%) than in BSA+Fru. The contents of TTs were lower in BSA with the addition of fructose (BSA+Fru), aminoguanidine, Trolox, ranitidine, cimetidine, and famotidine  than in BSA alone. In comparison with BSA+Fru, the TT contents increased after the addition of aminoguanidine, Trolox, ranitidine, cimetidine, and famotidine  K,L.The contents of protein glycoxidation products (dityrosine and N-formylkynurenine) were considerably higher in BSA samples with the addition of galactose than in BSA alone. The dityrosine contents were lower in BSA+Gal+aminoguanidine (↓24.2%), BSA+Gal+Trolox (↓29.9%), BSA+Gal+ranitidine (↓92.6%), and BSA+Gal+famotidine (↓11.5%) than in BSA+Gal. The dityrosine contents were lower in BSA+Gal+ranitidine (↓87.5%) and higher in BSA+Gal+aminoguanidine (↑27.2%), BSA+Gal+Trolox (↑17.6%), BSA+Gal+cimetidine (↑68.7%), and BSA+Gal+famotidine (↑48.7%) than in BSA. The contents of N-formylkynurenine were lower in BSA+Gal+aminoguanidine (↓21.9%), BSA+Gal+Trolox (↓34.8%), and BSA+Gal+ranitidine (↓86.2%) than in BSA+Gal. The contents of N-formylkynurenine were lower in BSA+Gal+ranitidine (↓67.5%) and higher in BSA+Gal+aminoguanidine (↑83.6%), BSA+Gal+Trolox (↑53.4%), BSA+Gal+cimetidine (↑150.6%), and BSA+Gal+famotidine (↑122.6%) than in BSA M,N.The contents of protein glycation products  were higher after the addition of galactose  than in BSA alone. The contents of Amadori products were lower in BSA+Gal+aminoguanidine (↓23.9%), BSA+Gal+Trolox (↓14.9%), and BSA+Gal+ranitidine (↓35.5%) than in BSA+Gal. The contents of Amadori products were higher in BSA+Gal+aminoguanidine (↑314.6%), BSA+Gal+Trolox (↑363%), BSA+Gal+ranitidine (↑251%), BSA+Gal+cimetidine (↑451.7%), and BSA+Gal+famotidine (↑453.9%) than in BSA. The contents of AGEs were lower in BSA+Gal+aminoguanidine (↓24.8%), BSA+Gal+Trolox (↓27.9%), BSA+Gal+ranitidine (↓92.3%), and BSA+Gal+famotidine (↓12.1%) than in BSA+Gal. The contents of AGEs were lower in BSA+Gal+ranitidine (↓84.8%) and higher in BSA+Gal+aminoguanidine (↑47.5%), BSA+Gal+Trolox (↑41.5%), BSA+Gal+cimetidine (↑103.3%), and BSA+Gal+famotidine (↑72.4%) than in BSA O,PThe content of PCs was higher after the addition of galactose  than in BSA alone. The contents of PCs were lower in BSA+Gal+Trolox (↓56.9%), BSA+Gal+ranitidine (↓34.1%), and BSA+Gal+cimetidine (↓34.5%) than in BSA+Gal. The contents of PCs were higher in BSA+Gal+aminoguanidine (↑114.4%) and BSA+Gal+famotidine (↑111.3%) than in BSA. The contents of TTs were higher in BSA+Gal+aminoguanidine (↑140.9%) and BSA+Gal+Trolox (↑112.1%) than in BSA+Gal. In comparison with BSA, the contents of TTs were lower in BSA+Gal and in BSA+Gal with the addition of aminoguanidine, Trolox, ranitidine, cimetidine, and famotidine  Q,R.The contents of protein glycoxidation products (dityrosine and N-formylkynurenine) were considerably higher in BSA samples with the addition of ribose than in BSA alone. The dityrosine contents were lower in BSA+Rib+aminoguanidine (↓53.3%), BSA+Rib+Trolox (↓47.8%), BSA+Rib+ranitidine (↓69.8%), and BSA+Rib+famotidine (↓13.2%) than in BSA+Rib. The dityrosine contents were lower in BSA+Rib+aminoguanidine (↓20.9%) and BSA+Rib+ranitidine (↓47.8%) than in BSA. In turn, the dityrosine contents were higher in BSA+Rib+cimetidine (↑61.9%) and BSA+Rib+famotidine (↑46.3%) than in BSA. The contents of N-formylkynurenine were lower in BSA+Rib+aminoguanidine (↓83.7%), BSA+Rib+Trolox (↓79.2%), BSA+Rib+ranitidine (↓64.4%), and BSA+Rib+famotidine (↓14.8%) than in BSA+Rib. The contents of N-formylkynurenine were considerably lower in BSA+Rib+aminoguanidine (↓83.4%), BSA+Rib+Trolox (↓50.2%), and BSA+Rib+ranitidine (↓15%), and higher in BSA+Rib+cimetidine (↑125.4%) and BSA+Rib+famotidine (↑103.5%) than in BSA S,T.The content of protein glycation products (Amadori products and AGEs) was higher after the addition of ribose (BSA+Rib) than in BSA alone. The contents of Amadori products were lower in BSA+Rib+aminoguanidine (↓60.7%), BSA+Rib+Trolox (↓46.1%), and BSA+Rib+ranitidine (↓38%) than in BSA+Rib. The contents of Amadori products were higher in BSA+Rib+aminoguanidine (↑114%), BSA+Rib+Trolox (↑193.4%), BSA+Rib+ranitidine (↑237.2%), BSA+Rib+cimetidine (↑424.6%), and BSA+Rib+famotidine (↑431.8%) than in BSA. The contents of AGEs were lower in BSA+Rib+aminoguanidine (↓42%), BSA+Rib+Trolox (↓23.2%), BSA+Rib+ranitidine (↓67.5%), and BSA+Rib+famotidine (↓13.7%) than in BSA+Rib. The contents of AGEs were considerably higher in BSA+Rib+aminoguanidine (↑15%), BSA+Rib+Trolox (↑56.7%), BSA+Rib+cimetidine (↑90.5%), and BSA+Rib+famotidine (↑69.4%), and lower in BSA+Rib+ranitidine (↓36.3%) than in BSA U,V. The contents of PCs were higher in BSA with the addition of ribose (BSA+Rib) than in BSA alone. The contents of PCs were lower in BSA+Rib+aminoguanidine (↓47%) and BSA+Rib+Trolox (↓37.6%) than in BSA+Rib. The contents of PCs were higher in BSA+Rib+ranitidine (↑147.8%), BSA+Rib+cimetidine (↑138.9%), and BSA+Rib+famotidine (↑164.2%) than in BSA. The contents of TTs were higher in BSA+Rib+aminoguanidine (↑185%) and BSA+Rib+Trolox (↑202.2%) than in BSA+Rib. The content of TTs was lower in BSA+Rib than in BSA. In comparison with BSA, the content of TTs decreased after the addition of aminoguanidine, Trolox, ranitidine, cimetidine, and famotidine to BSA+Rib  W,X. The content of protein glycoxidation products (dityrosine and N-formylkynurenine) was considerably higher in BSA samples with the addition of glyoxal than in BSA alone. The dityrosine contents were lower in BSA+GO+aminoguanidine (↓77.3%), BSA+GO+Trolox (↓44.9%), BSA+GO+ranitidine (↓72.7%), BSA+GO+cimetidine (↓45.1%), and BSA+GO+famotidine (↓66%) than in BSA+GO. The dityrosine contents were higher in BSA+GO+cimetidine (↑62.2%) and BSA+GO+Trolox (↑62.6%) than in BSA. The contents of N-formylkynurenine were lower in BSA+GO+aminoguanidine (↓64.4%), BSA+GO+Trolox (↓56.6%), BSA+GO+ranitidine (↓70.4%), BSA+GO+cimetidine (↓43.7%), and BSA+GO+famotidine (↓64.5%) than in BSA+GO. The contents of N-formylkynurenine were higher in BSA+GO+aminoguanidine (↑176.5%), BSA+GO+Trolox (↑236.9%), BSA+GO+ranitidine (↑130.2%), BSA+GO+cimetidine (↑337.6%), and BSA+GO+famotidine (↑176.1%) than in BSA A,B.The content of protein glycation products  was higher after the addition of glyoxal (BSA+GO) than in BSA alone. The contents of Amadori products were lower in BSA+GO+aminoguanidine (↓37.3%), BSA+GO+Trolox (↓31.9%), BSA+GO+ranitidine (↓48%), BSA+GO+cimetidine (↓39.9%), and BSA+GO+famotidine (↓60.5%) than in BSA+GO. The contents of AGEs were lower in BSA+GO+aminoguanidine (↓64.9%), BSA+GO+Trolox (↓32.2%), BSA+GO+ranitidine (↓72%), BSA+GO+cimetidine (↓45.2%), and BSA+GO+famotidine (↓67%) than in BSA+GO. The contents of AGEs were considerably higher in BSA+GO+Trolox (↑230.7%) and BSA+GO+cimetidine (↑167.1%) than in BSA C,D. The content of PCs increased after the addition of glyoxal (BSA+GO) in comparison with BSA alone. The contents of PCs were lower in BSA+GO+cimetidine (↓33.1%) and BSA+GO+famotidine (↓62.1%) than in BSA+GO. The content of TTs was higher in BSA+GO+cimetidine (↑75.2%) than in BSA+GO. In comparison with BSA, the contents of TTs decreased in BSA+GO and in BSA+GO after the addition of aminoguanidine, Trolox, and famotidine  E,F.The content of protein glycoxidation products (dityrosine and N-formylkynurenine) was considerably higher in BSA samples with the addition of methylglyoxal than in BSA alone. The dityrosine contents were lower in BSA+MGO+aminoguanidine (↓37.2%), BSA+MGO+Trolox (↓31.9%), BSA+MGO+ranitidine (↓74.7%), BSA+MGO+cimetidine (↓37.7%), and BSA+MGO+famotidine (↓53%) than in BSA+MGO. The dityrosine contents were higher in BSA+MGO+aminoguanidine (↑87.7%), BSA+MGO+Trolox (↑103.6%), BSA+MGO+cimetidine (↑86.1%), and BSA+MGO+famotidine (↑40.5%) than in BSA. The contents of N-formylkynurenine were lower in BSA+MGO+aminoguanidine (↓53.7%), BSA+MGO+Trolox (↓40.3%), BSA+MGO+ranitidine (↓76.6%), BSA+MGO+cimetidine (↓36.8%), and BSA+MGO+famotidine (↓54.9%) than in BSA+MGO. The contents of N-formylkynurenine were higher in BSA+MGO+aminoguanidine (↑260.1%), BSA+MGO+Trolox (↑363.8%), BSA+MGO+cimetidine (↑391.5%), and BSA+MGO+famotidine (↑250.4%) than in BSA G,H.The content of protein glycation products (Amadori products and AGEs) increased after the addition of methylglyoxal (BSA+MGO) relative to BSA alone. The contents of Amadori products were lower in BSA+MGO+aminoguanidine (↓68.8%), BSA+MGO+Trolox (↓48.4%), BSA+MGO+ranitidine (↓47.4%) BSA+MGO+cimetidine (↓45.1%), and BSA+MGO+famotidine (↓50.9%) than in BSA+MGO. The contents of Amadori products were lower in BSA+MGO+aminoguanidine (↓33.7%) and higher in BSA+MGO+cimetidine (↑16.6%) than in BSA. The contents of AGEs were lower in BSA+MGO+aminoguanidine (↓55%), BSA+MGO+Trolox (↓55.9%), BSA+MGO+ranitidine (↓75.6%), BSA+MGO+cimetidine (↓38.3%), and BSA+MGO+famotidine (↓55.4%) than in BSA+MGO. The contents of AGEs were higher in BSA+MGO+aminoguanidine (↑119.6%), BSA+MGO+Trolox (↑115%), BSA+MGO+cimetidine (↑201%), and BSA+MGO+famotidine (↑117.7%) than in BSA I,J.The content of PCs increased after the addition of methylglyoxal (BSA+MGO) relative to BSA alone. The contents of PCs were lower in BSA+MGO+aminoguanidine (↓52%), BSA+MGO+Trolox (↓32.1%), BSA+MGO+ranitidine (↓36.2%) BSA+MGO+cimetidine (↓46.8%), and BSA+MGO+famotidine (↓54.9%) than in BSA+MGO. The contents of PCs decreased in BSA+MGO+aminoguanidine (↓30.6%), BSA+MGO+ranitidine (↓7.7%), BSA+MGO+cimetidine (↓23%), and BSA+MGO+famotidine (↓34.7%) relative to BSA. The contents of TTs were higher in BSA+MGO+ranitidine (↑177.4%), BSA+MGO+cimetidine (↑143.8%), and BSA+MGO+famotidine (↑143%) than in BSA+MGO. In comparison with BSA, the contents of TTs decreased in BSA+MGO and in BSA+MGO with the addition of aminoguanidine and Trolox . The contents of TTs were higher in BSA+MGO+ranitidine (↑36.9%), BSA+MGO+cimetidine (↑20.4%), and BSA+MGO+famotidine (↑20%) than in BSA K,L.As the anti-glycation properties of H2 inhibitors may be due to their antioxidant properties, their ability to scavenge free radicals and bind transition metal ions was also assessed.•O2−), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), nitric oxide (•NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The strongest antioxidant properties were found in ranitidine, which additionally had an ability to bind transition metal ions. The iron chelating capacity of ranitidine was no different to that of Trolox, which is a potent model antioxidant (At the concentration tested (1 mM), H2 blockers had a scavenging capacity of 20–70% for superoxide anions  . RanitidH2 receptor antagonists are a group of drugs that inhibit gastric juice secretion in gastrointestinal diseases . HoweverBovine serum albumin and human albumin have a highly similar structure . Bovine In the group of the tested H2 blockers, only ranitidine considerably decreased the BSA glycoxidation rate. In most of the analyzed models, the contents of PCs (↓PCs), protein glycoxidation products (↓dityrosine and ↓N-formylkynurenine), and early (↓Amadori products) and late-stage (↓AGEs) protein glycation products decreased in samples of glycated BSA with the addition of ranitidine relative to BSA with the addition of the glycating agents (positive control). Ranitidine also increased the TT concentration in Fru- and MGO-induced models of BSA glycation. Interestingly, in some cases, ranitidine decreased the rate of protein glycoxidation below the level noted in BSA samples without the addition of a glycating agent (negative control) . To ensure objectivity, the pharmacological potential of ranitidine was compared with that of reference substances with proven antioxidant (Trolox) and anti-glycation properties (aminoguanidine) ,40. At t•O2−, •OH, •NO, and H2O2, but also the synthetic radicals ABTS• and DPPH•. Interestingly, the strongest antioxidant properties were found in ranitidine, which additionally had the ability to bind transition metal ions (↑FIC). The systematic literature review (•OH which are produced when Fe2+ reacts with H2O2 (Fenton reaction) [•O2− radicals [•O2−) in vivo [Three groups of substances have anti-glycation properties: (1) antioxidants, (2) compounds that break AGE-derived protein crosslinks (AGE-breakers), and (3) compounds that compete with protein amino groups for the addition of carbonyl groups. Therefore, the anti-glycation effects of H2 receptor antagonists, observed in this study, could be attributed to their antioxidant properties. This was confirmed by the results of our research. The tested H2 blockers had the ability to scavenge e review  also reveaction) ,46,47,48radicals ,49. Raniradicals . Ranitid in vivo . Ranitid•OH radicals and chelating transition metal ions), and they inhibit the activation of the NF-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-ɣ) pathways in vivo [The anti-glycoxidative activity of ranitidine could be attributed to its molecular structure, although the present study did not provide evidence for the above. The presence of a dimethylaminomethyl group in five-member heterocyclic rings increases a drug’s alkalinity . The het in vivo . TherefoH2 receptor antagonists have been used globally for more than four decades. Many gastrointestinal diseases intensify oxidative and carbonyl stress, and H2 blockers with potential antioxidant/anti-glycation activity can be helpful in optimizing pharmacotherapy. This is the first study to describe the anti-glycoxidant properties of ranitidine. Ranitidine is as effective as aminoguanidine and Trolox in inhibiting BSA glycation and oxidation, which is why further research is needed, particularly in patients with diseases that promote protein glycation . The anti-glycation properties of ranitidine may be due to its antioxidant activity and its ability to bind transition metal ions. The systematic literature review also revealed that H2 receptor blockers modulate redox homeostasis, carbonyl stress, and the inflammatory response in vivo, which also implies that further studies are recommended.Finally, the limitations of this study and the next steps should be discussed. In this experiment, we used sodium azide (as a preservative), which may have pro-oxidant properties. However, at the concentration used, the compound does not show this activity . The effThe literature review was conducted from the PubMed database, and it involved articles published between 1986 and 2023. The following keywords were used: ranitidine and antioxidant, ranitidine and oxidative stress, ranitidine and glycation, ranitidine and carbonyl stress, ranitidine and advanced glycation protein products, cimetidine and antioxidant, cimetidine and oxidative stress, ranitidine and ROS, cimetidine and ROS, famotidine and ROS, cimetidine and glycation, cimetidine and carbonyl stress, cimetidine and advanced glycation protein products, famotidine and antioxidant, famotidine and oxidative stress, famotidine and glycation, famotidine and carbonyl stress, and famotidine and advanced glycation protein products. The inclusion and exclusion criteria are presented in All reagents for the study were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich . Before the study, all solutions were passed through syringe member filters with a diameter of 0.22 mm .Absorption/fluorescence spectra were measured with the Infinite M200 PRO multimode plate reader .Bovine serum albumin was glycated using previously described methods ,62,63,64v:v) before the measurements. The results were standardized to the fluorescence of 0.1 mg/mL of quinine sulfate in 0.1 M sulfuric acid [Dityrosine (DT) and N-formylkynurenine (NFK) were identified by measuring fluorescence emission and excitation spectra at wavelengths of 325/434 nm and 330/415 nm. The samples were diluted with 0.1 M sulfuric acid  [The content of Amadori products was determined in a colorimetric analysis with the use of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT). Absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 525 nm based on the molar extinction coefficient for monoformazan  .v:v) before readout. AGE-specific fluorescence was measured at a wavelength of 440/370 nm in a 96-well microplate reader.The content of AGEs was determined with the use of a spectrofluorometer. The samples were diluted with PBS  [The reaction between carbonyls and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine  in oxidatively damaged proteins was used to determine the content of protein carbonyls (PCs). The absorbance of reaction products was measured in a colorimetric assay at 355 nm with the use of the absorption coefficient for 2,4-DNPH  .Total thiols (TTs) were quantified with the use of a spectrophotometer and Ellman’s reagent in 0.1 M of phosphate buffer. The content of TTs was read from a standard curve for reduced glutathione (GSH) .The antioxidant properties of ranitidine, cimetidine, and famotidine solutions (1 mM) were also assessed by evaluating their effects on free radical scavenging and transition metal binding.2EDTA and 50 μL of pyrogallol . The mixture was then vigorously shaken by hand at 37 °C. The absorbance at a wavelength of 325 nm was measured against the Tris-HCl buffer every 30 s for a duration of 5 min. These measurements were taken at pH 7.4 [The experimental procedure involved mixing x μL of the sample solution with (2950 − x) μL of Tris-HCl buffer , which also contained 1 mM Nat pH 7.4 .The scavenging activity of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) was determined using a modified method based on Su et al. . The reaThe nitric oxide (•NO) scavenging activity of the ranitidine, cimetidine, and famotidine samples was measured using sodium nitroprusside as the NO donor following the method described by Nitha et al.  In brief2O2 was measured using the ferrous ion oxidation xylenol orange (FOX) reagent, which was prepared by combining butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), sulfuric acid, xylenol orange, and ammonium ferrous sulfate in a 90% methanol–water solution. The samples were mixed with 50 mM H2O2  and incubated for 30 min at room temperature. The H2O2 sample solution was then mixed with HPLC-grade methanol and FOX reagent, and the mixture was incubated for another 30 min. The absorbance of the ferric–xylenol orange complex was measured at 560 nm [The scavenging activity of Ht 560 nm .The 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay was performed following a modified protocol of Wang et al. . In summThe free radicals scavenging activity was assessed using the Brand–Williams  method. The ferric ion chelating (FIC) assay, as described by Hsu et al. , was utiMolecular docking is a computational technique for investigating the interaction between a ligand (often a drug molecule) and a macromolecule . The goal is to predict the ligand’s optimal binding mode and affinity to the macromolecule, which can provide valuable information for the discovery and development of new drugs . The prep < 0.05. Statistical analyses were conducted in GraphPad Prism 9.0.0 .The results were expressed as the percentage of control samples (BSA with the addition of glycating factors). The statistical significance of the results was determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significant differences between means were identified using Tukey’s post hoc test at


In the past, before the smartphone boom, I was interested in using wearable methods to obtain quantitative parameters in PD.I am convinced that it could be useful and stimulating Together with other coauthors, we developed a specific pedometer for patients with Parkinson’s disease, the parameters connected with the path being strategic and also for the diagnostic monitoring of this pathology .Subsequently, other authors and I developed a system for personal computers for monitoring the activity on the video terminal , which mmHealth today allows, as you have also highlighted [I believe that hlighted , new oppBased on what I wrote above, I would like to open a discussion on this topic with this comment with you or with other authors interested in the discussion.mHealth self-assessment technologies on PD.In particular, I would like to have an opinion on how you or other authors see the development of reply in this regard.I would, therefore, very much appreciate a


Moreover, a pair of data panels showing the results from cell-cycle experiments purportedly performed under different experimental conditions in Fig. 4A appeared to be strikingly similar.Molecular Medicine Reports, the Editor has decided that this paper should be retracted from the Journal. The authors were asked for an explanation to account for these concerns, but the Editorial Office did not receive a reply. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused.Owing to the fact that the contentious data in the above article were already under consideration for publication prior to its submission to


This is a peer-review report submitted for the paper “The Exchange of Informational Support in Online Health Communities at the Onset of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis”.My comments are as follows:1. The authors [2. Although you have mentioned that one coder is a limitation, it is an evitable limitation and needs to be overcome, or how can you ensure the accuracy of the results? I suggest that the authors recode the posts and responses by two coders (at least) who are familiar with this field.3. What are the criteria by which you determine the name of the coding and the definition of the coding?


After having been in contact with the authors, they accepted the decision to retract the paper. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused.Owing to the fact that the contentious data in the above article had already been published prior to its submission to


After having been in contact with the authors, they did not agree with the decision to retract the paper. The Editor apologizes to the readership for any inconvenience caused.Following the publication of this paper, it was drawn to the Editor's attention by a concerned reader that certain of the cell cycle plots shown in Fig. 5A, and western blotting data in Fig. 6A, on p. 1293 were strikingly similar to data appearing in different form in other articles by different authors at different research institutes. Owing to the fact that the contentious data in the above article had already been published, or were already under consideration for publication, elsewhere prior to its submission to


The authors regret that the original version of our paper, unfortunately, contained two incorrect pictures in Figure 2A, where the images for the H&E and Masson staining pictures of the uIRI Sham were incorrect. The correct version of Figure 2A is shown below.The correction made in this erratum does not affect the original data and conclusions. The authors apologize for any inconvenience that the errors may have caused.


In the original publication , there w“1. Introduction”, “Paragraph 6”: “brace night shift (NB)” should be changed to “scoliosis night brace (NB)”.A correction has been made to “2. Materials and Methods”, “2.2. Interventions”, “2.2.1. Hypercorrective Boston Brace Night Shift”: The Title “Hypercorrective Boston Brace Night Shift” should be changed to “Hypercorrective Boston Scoliosis Night Brace”.A correction has been made to “2. Materials and Methods”, “2.2. Interventions”, “2.2.1. Hypercorrective Boston Brace Night Shift”: “hypercorrective Boston brace night shift” should be changed to “hypercorrective Boston scoliosis night brace”.A correction has been made to “Table 6” as published. Four data are missing in the NB group: Worse 7 (18), Unchanged 27 (71), Better 4 (10) and Indeterminable 0 (0). The corrected “ appears below.In the original publication, there was a mistake in “Reference 32” as published. “Boston Orthotics and Prosthetics. Boston Brace Night Shift Scoliosis Brace. Available online: https://www.bostonoandp.com/products/scoliosis-and-spine/boston-night-shift/ (accessed on 4 September 2020).” Should be changed to “Camp Scandinavia. Boston Skoliosis Night Brace. Available online: https://www.camp.se/produkter/ryggortoser/rigida/boston-skoliosis-night-brace-p28118 (accessed on 14 September 2021)”.In the original publication, there was a mistake in The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused and state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.


They also wish to apologize to the readership of the Journal for any inconvenience caused.After having asked the authors to provide an explanation of these data, they realized that this figure was inadvertently assembled incorrectly. They were, however, able to consult their original data, and the revised version of


Molecules [The authors wish to add the following information to the Authors and Affiliation section of our paper published in olecules .Change in authorship (change in full name of Mr. Christodoulou from Paraschos Christodoulou to Paris Christodoulou).Addition of an extra affiliation to Mr. Paris Christodoulou as follows:Change fromAffiliation 1: Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11634 Athens, GreecetoAffiliation 1: Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, GreeceAffiliation 2: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larissa, Greece


In “Normalizing Telemonitoring in Nurse-Led Care Models for Complex Chronic Patient Populations” :e36346) the authors made two additions.In the original publication, one author was missed and the existing authors were incorrectly arranged. The authorship list was originally published as:Kayleigh Gordon, Emily Seto, Katie N Dainty, Carolyn Steele Gray, Jane DeLacyThis has been changed to read as follows:Kayleigh Gordon, Katie N Dainty, Carolyn Steele Gray, Jane DeLacy, Amika Shah, Emily SetoAdditionally, an Acknowledgments section has been added as follows:This research was made possible by the funding support from a Canadian Institutes of Health Research Personalized Health Catalyst Grant (Funding Reference Number 155443).The correction will appear in the online version of the paper on the JMIR Publications website on November 1, 2023 together with the publication of this correction notice. Because this was made after submission to PubMed, PubMed Central, and other full-text repositories, the corrected article has also been resubmitted to those repositories.


The purpose of this study is to investigate the genotype and allele distribution of MTHFR rs1801133 in the Chinese population, and to analyze the relationship between gene polymorphism of MTHFR rs1801133 and risk of childhood leukemia.Blood samples and clinical data of childhood leukemia cases (n=1132) and age-matched healthy controls (n=1053) were collected. Genotypes and allele distribution of MTHFR rs1801133 were detected by PCR-RFLP. Logistic regression model was generated to analyze the relation between MTHFR rs1801133 and susceptibility to childhood leukemia and the chemotherapy response.Age, sex, BMI and family history of tumor were comparable between childhood leukemia cases and healthy controls. Genotypes and allele distribution of MTHFR rs1801133 were remarkably correlated to the risk of childhood leukemia. Genotype risk of MTHFR rs1801133 was parallel to the susceptibility to childhood leukemia. Specifically, compared with people carrying AA allele of MTHFR rs1801133, higher risk of childhood leukemia may occur in people carrying AG+GG allele of MTHFR rs1801133 with a younger age (<15 years) or complete remission from chemotherapy.MTHFR rs1801133 gene polymorphism has a significant correlation with childhood leukemia. It is an important genetic susceptibility gene of childhood leukemia. The reliability of the results requires to be further validated by the high-quality research involving a large sample size in multi-center hospitals. Leukemia is a malignant disease attacking the hematopoietic system. It is the mostly diagnosed tumor in children. Based on disease course and cell differentiation, leukemia is classified to acute and chronic type. Acute leukemia (AL) covers about 95% of childhood leukemia The protein encoded by MHTFR (NADPH) is a key enzyme of folate metabolism. NAPDH catalyzes the conversion of 5, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate to 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, a co-substrate for homocysteine (hCY) remethylation to methionine Leukemia children (n=1132) and age-matched healthy controls (n=1053) were randomly recruited in Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital. Eligible leukemia children did not have other malignancies or received pre-chemotherapy. Childhood leukemia was independently diagnosed by two pathologists based on clinical symptoms, physical, imaging and histological examinations.Healthy controls were recruited from whom participated in physical examinations during the same period. They did not have blood connections to other participants. Family history of cancer was defined as the presence of cancer in any first-degree relatives . This study was approved by the institutional review committee of our hospital. All participants and their parents were informed consent.21H20BrN3, and analyzed.Genomic DNA was isolated and purified from peripheral blood lymphocytes by proteinase K digestion and phenol-chloroform method. MTHFR rs1801133 and its alleles were detected using PCR-RFLP . SNP primers were amplified at 95°C for 10 min, followed by 45 cycles at 95°C for 15 s and 60°C for 1 min. PCR products were cleaved by BccI, loaded on 1% DNA agarose gel containing C2 test. Risk factors of childhood leukemia were assessed by Logistic regression test, and results were expressed as OR and 95% CI. P<0.05 considered as statistically significant.Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) 22.0  was utilized for statistical analysis. Enumeration data were expressed as frequency (%). The HWE of control genotype distribution, and comparison of enumeration data were evaluated using the xP>0.05, A total of 1132 eligible leukemia children and 1053 age-matched healthy controls were recruited. By analyzing their clinical data, it is shown that age, sex, BMI and family history of tumor were comparable between childhood leukemia cases and healthy controls P>0.05, .P=0.005, OR=1.56 (1.15–2.13)) or AG+GG allele ) was identified in comparison to whom carrying AA allele. G allele of MTHFR rs1801133 ) predicted a higher risk of suffering from childhood leukemia than A allele.Genotypes and allele distribution of MTHFR rs1801133 were detected to be remarkably correlated to the risk of childhood leukemia . In partP=0.014) or complete remission .Logistic regression model was generated to analyze the relation between MTHFR rs1801133 and susceptibility to childhood leukemia and the pathology , Table 4ALL originates from lymphocyte progenitor cells. It is the most common hematological malignant disease in children. Malignantly proliferated immature hematopoietic stem cells are accumulated in peripheral blood and bone marrow, leading to suppression of hemopoietic function. In the meantime, malignant hematopoietic stem cells can infiltrate the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and other organs, resulting in hemorrhage, anemia, infection, and organ involvement manifestations MTHFR is a key enzyme affecting Hcy metabolism. MTHFR rs1801133 SNP is located in the MTHFR catalytic region Classified by genotypes of MTHFR rs1801133, we detected a higher susceptibility to childhood leukemia in people carrying GG or AG+GG allele in comparison to whom carrying AA allele. Moreover, people carrying G allele of MTHFR rs1801133 had a higher risk of suffering from childhood leukemia than whom carrying A allele. Potential influences of MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism on clinical data of childhood leukemia cases and their chemotherapy response were further assessed. It is shown that higher risk of childhood leukemia may occur in people carrying AG+GG allele of MTHFR rs1801133 with a younger age (<15 years) or complete remission compared with people carrying AA allele of MTHFR rs1801133.Three limitations in the present study main limit the reliability of our conclusion. First of all, a relatively small sample size wound affect the results. Secondly, potential influences of the internal environment of the embryo, nutritional intake of the mother during pregnancy or other important factors are not taken into considerations. Thirdly, a possible effect of genotypes carried by parents on the risk of their offspring remains unclear. Collectively, our finding requires to be further validated by the high-quality research involving a large sample size in multi-center hospitals.MTHFR rs1801133 gene polymorphism has a significant correlation with childhood leukemia. It is an important genetic susceptibility gene of childhood leukemia.All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest in this work.


Retraction Note: Cancer Cell Int (2019) 19:9710.1186/s12935-019-0812-3The Editors-in-Chief have retracted this article at the authors’ request. After publication, concerns were raised regarding image similarities between this article and several other articles. Specifically:Figure 2f 5-FU + ad-ctrl appears highly similar to Fig. 3j Ctrl WT cells in ;Figure 3e CIV-II blot appears highly similar to Fig. 2a Cyclin D1 in [Figure 3e CIII-core2 blot appears highly similar to Fig. 4f mito-LC3 in [Figure 4e Survivin appears highly similar to Fig. 2e Cyclin D1 in [Figure 7a t-JNK appears highly similar to Fig. 1a GAPDH in .Additionally, Fig. 4a has very unusual shapes for flow cytometry plots.The authors have stated that they misused the figures, which affected the accuracy of the data. The authors and the Editors-in-Chief therefore no longer have confidence in the presented data and the conclusions of this article.All authors agree to this retraction.


The authors regret that the acknowledgement of College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, Southwest University (S202210635259) is incorrect. The correct acknowledgement is College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, Southwest University (S202310635215).The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.


These have been inserted into the version of the abstract currently available online, and the authors regret this error.In the original publication of this abstract, [Strezova A, Diez-Domingo J, Al Shawafi K et al. 114. Long-term Protection Against Herpes Zoster (HZ) by the Adjuvanted Recombinant Zoster Vaccine (RZV): Interim Efficacy, Immuno and Safety Results at Approximately 10 Years after Initial Vaccination, Open Forum Infectious Diseases, Volume 9, Issue Supplement_2, December 2022, ofac492.192


There are errors in the Acknowledgments section. The correct Acknowledgments are as follows:We would like to acknowledge Maria Da Costa (UCSF), who consistently gave counsel during sample collection and DNA extraction, Vasco Chikwasha for his statistical expertise, which he contributed during the proposal writing stages and Eugénie Lohmann for her contribution with R-studio commands. We also express our gratitude to Sister Mucheche, the nurse who recruited the women, the personnel at UZCHS-CTRC laboratory, the Norwegian HPV reference laboratory at Akershus University Hospital for their molecular expertise and technical support and the Parirenyatwa Hospital VIAC clinic staff for assisting during the recruitment phase. We are also very grateful to Prof. Jane R. Montealegre and all the other reviewers for their constructive critique and suggestions.Where authors are identified as personnel of the International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization, the authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this article and they do not necessarily represent the decisions, policy, or views of the International Agency for Research on Cancer / World Health Organization.The authors would like to dedicate this paper to Babill Stray-Pedersen, in fond memory of her tireless dedication to female reproductive health. Babill passed away before the submission of the final version of this manuscript. Corresponding author RSDM accepts responsibility for the integrity and validity of the data collected and analyzed.


Furthermore, the authors also apologize to the readership for any inconvenience caused.The authors deeply regret this minor error, and can confirm that this error did not affect the conclusions reported in the paper. The authors are grateful to the Editor of


Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00994-0, published online 02 November 2021Retraction of: The Editors have retracted this article.After publication concerns were raised that the XRD spectra in Figure 8 are identical and that the data points in Figure 16 and Figure 18 are the same although they report the results of different experiments. The authors are unable to provide the original data for examination. In addition, an investigation by the Editors has shown inappropriate changes in authorship during the review process. The Editors no longer have confidence in the results and conclusions presented.Jawad Ahmad disagrees with this retraction. Fahid Aslam, Jesús de-Prado-Gil and Shaker M.A.Qaidi did not respond to the correspondence from the Editors about this retraction. The Editors were not able to obtain current contact details for Rebeca Martinez-Garcia and Ameni Brahmia.


Journal of Clinical Medicine retracts the article entitled “Cardiovascular Disease and Exercise: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Applications” [The cations” .Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the publisher regarding overlap with a previously published manuscript  with a dAdhering to our complaint’s procedure, an investigation was conducted that confirmed the extensive use and dispersed nature of the overlap and the article is therefore retracted. Journal of Clinical Medicine. This retraction was approved by the Editor in Chief of the The authors agreed to this retraction.


Effect of intraoperative ventilation strategies on postoperative pulmonary complications: a meta-analysis By Lei M, Bao Q, Luo H, Huang P and Xie J. (2021) Front. Surg. 8:728056. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.728056A Retraction of the Systematic Review Article The journal and Chief Editors retract the 4 October 2021 article cited above.Following publication, concerns were raised regarding abnormal similarities with the contents of other articles published by unrelated research groups. A subsequent investigation, which was conducted in accordance with Frontiers' policies, raised strong concerns over the authorship of the articles, resulting in a loss of confidence in the findings presented in the article.The authors have not responded to this retraction.This retraction was approved by the Chief Editors of Frontiers in Surgery and the Chief Executive Editor of Frontiers.


PNAS Nexus, Volume 2, Issue 6, June 2023, pgad179, https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad179This is a correction to: Zoe A Purcell, Jean-François Bonnefon, Humans feel too special for machines to score their morals, PNAS Nexus, it was discovered that this paper was missing a statement acknowledging compliance with the PNAS Nexus Human and Animal Participants and Clinical Trials policy:During a retroactive audit conducted by All studies in this paper were approved though the TSE-IAST Review Board for Ethical Standards in Research under the code 2021-03-001. In each study, all participants consented to participate.This error has been corrected in the original article.


DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA04484C.Retraction of ‘Investigation on corrosion protection and mechanical performance of minerals substituted hydroxyapatite coating on HELCDEB-treated titanium using pulsed electrodeposition method’ by D. Gopi  RSC Advances article due to concerns with the reliability of the data in the published article.The Royal Society of Chemistry, with the agreement of the named authors, hereby wholly retracts this Repeating fragments can be observed in the cross-sectional SEM images of Fig. 4c, f and i, indicating that the images have been manipulated.1In addition, parts of the cross-sectional SEM image in Fig. 4c have been duplicated in another publication.The authors informed the editor that the characterization of the original samples was outsourced, and they do not have the original raw data for the published results.Given the significance of the concerns about the validity of the data, and the lack of raw data, the findings presented in this paper are not reliable.R. Pramod and Jishnu Dwivedi were contacted but did not respond.Signed: D. Gopi, A. Karthika, D. Rajeswari and L. Kavitha.Date: 16th March 2023.RSC Advances.Retraction endorsed by Laura Fisher, Executive Editor,


Skin Res Technol. 2023;29:e13328. https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.13328Li S, Zhao X, Chen Y, Liu J. Therapeutic effects of mesoderm introduction of compound glycyrrhizin injection on the treatment of rosacea. In the “Funding Information” section, the text “The authors received no specific funding for this work.” was incorrect. This should have read: “This study was supported by Xintai Key Research Project (2021ZC132).”We apologize for this error.


The authors wish to make a correction to this paper . In the The particle size of the synthesized ZnO NPs was examined by employing dynamic light scattering (DLS) technology using the Malvern zeta sizer . After removing the fabric from the synthesis solution, the remaining solution was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 3 min to separate the solid ZnO NPs from the liquid, and then the separated solid ZnO NPs were dried in an air oven at 90 °C for 120 min. The obtained ZnO NPs were dispersed in deionized water with the help of an ultrasonic probe. Eventually, the DLS technique was employed.The authors wish to make the correction to Equation (9). The corrected equation is as follows:The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.


The authors apologise that within the above article, Savelyev, A., & Jeong, C. , the imaThe correct image is as below.The authors would like thank Dr. Béla Kempf who drew their attention to this error.


This is a peer-review report submitted for the paper “Emergence of the First Strains of SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.1.7 in Romania: Genomic Analysis.”First of all, the authors presented an important work about the new UK variant of COVID in Romania . I have In the Methods section, the authors mentioned that “Twenty samples, collected from patients in the cities of Cluj, Craiova and Suceava counties from Romania were selected for analysis, including patients with possible contacts with UK infected individuals.” In the Introduction section, the authors also described the first few possible UK variant cases in Romania.Are these 20 cases sequenced by authors related to those cases mentioned in the Introduction? If not, can authors provide some details about the subjects' past travel history? For example, did they stay in UK for more than 2 weeks before they traveled to Romania? And when were these samples collected? The timeline is important to understand how the disease spread and whether they are the first strains of B.1.1.7 in Romania.The authors claimed that “the Romanian strains bearing the particular ORF8 mutations described above clearly originated in the UK, which is also supported by the fact that the patient from Suceava county arrived in Romania from the UK.” I have a similar question about the travel details of the patient as well as the timeline.From a public health standpoint, how did the authors deal with the “news” of the new variant? Was there any communication with local officials or support for contact tracing?In the Discussion section, the authors described that “Many European countries, including Romania, lag in genomic sequencing”. Can the authors provide more details about why Romania lags in genomic sequencing for COVID? For example, cost, equipment, access to labs/institutes. This can help readers and other researchers to understand the issue.


Dear Editor,We have read with interest the article by Gu et al.  "Effectshttps://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/Search/DataPage.aspx?Component=Laboratory&CycleBeginYear=2009). Accordingly, we would like to know how the authors got these data.The authors analyzed data of NHANES 2007–2010. However, we found that data on 25(OH)D from these two surveys cannot be downloaded from the website (We appreciate the authors for their work on this valuable and instructive topic and hope that there will be more research in this area.


The journal retracts the 18 April 2013 article cited above.Following publication, concerns were raised regarding the scientific validity of the article due to a duplication in Figure 2A. An investigation was conducted in accordance with Frontiers' policies, and the authors were given the chance to redo the experiments affecting the figure. Editorial assessment of the new data found the SEM values of the new experiments improbable, making the results of the study unreliable. Therefore, this article has been retracted.This retraction was approved by the Chief Editors of Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience and the Chief Executive Editor of Frontiers. The authors do not agree to this retraction.


This article has been corrected at the request of the authors to correct the URLs for references 13 and 14 in the initial published version.They have been updated from https://c19hcq.org/ to https://c19early.org/z and https://c19ivm.org/, respectively. The authors deeply regret that these errors were not identified and addressed prior to publication.


Sci., 2023, 14, 10768–10776, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3SC03239F.Correction for ‘Structurally divergent enantioselective synthesis of benzofuran fused azocine derivatives and spiro-cyclopentanone benzofurans enabled by sequential catalysis’ by Rupkumar Khuntia  The authors regret that some relevant citations to previous work on annulation reactions with enynes were not included in the original reference list of the published article. Ref. 12 in the article should be corrected as shown in ref. The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.