-- Mathlib/RingTheory/Nilpotent/Exp.lean
theorem exp_add_of_commute {a b : A} (h₁ : Commute a b) (h₂ : IsNilpotent a) (h₃ : IsNilpotent b) :
    exp (a + b) = exp a * exp b

Proof state:
A : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : Ring A
inst✝ : Algebra ℚ A
a b : A
h₁ : Commute a b
n₁ : ℕ
hn₁ : a ^ n₁ = 0
n₂ : ℕ
hn₂ : b ^ n₂ = 0
N : ℕ := n₁ ⊔ n₂
h₄ : a ^ (N + 1) = 0
h₅ : b ^ (N + 1) = 0
R2N : Finset ℕ := range (2 * N + 1)
hR2N : R2N = range (2 * N + 1)
RN : Finset ℕ := range (N + 1)
hRN : RN = range (N + 1)
s₁ : ∑ i ∈ R2N, (↑i !)⁻¹ • (a + b) ^ i = ∑ ij ∈ RN ×ˢ RN, ((↑ij.1!)⁻¹ * (↑ij.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ ij.1 * b ^ ij.2)
z₁ : ∑ ij ∈ filter (fun ij => ¬ij.1 + ij.2 ≤ 2 * N) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑ij.1!)⁻¹ * (↑ij.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ ij.1 * b ^ ij.2) = 0
split₁ :
  ∑ x ∈ filter (fun x => x.1 + x.2 ≤ 2 * N) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑x.1!)⁻¹ * (↑x.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ x.1 * b ^ x.2) =
    ∑ x ∈ R2N ×ˢ R2N, ((↑x.1!)⁻¹ * (↑x.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ x.1 * b ^ x.2)
z₂ :
  ∑ ij ∈ filter (fun ij => ¬(ij.1 ≤ N ∧ ij.2 ≤ N)) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑ij.1!)⁻¹ * (↑ij.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ ij.1 * b ^ ij.2) = 0
split₂ :
  ∑ x ∈ filter (fun x => x.1 ≤ N ∧ x.2 ≤ N) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑x.1!)⁻¹ * (↑x.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ x.1 * b ^ x.2) =
    ∑ x ∈ R2N ×ˢ R2N, ((↑x.1!)⁻¹ * (↑x.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ x.1 * b ^ x.2)
restrict :
  ∑ ij ∈ filter (fun ij => ij.1 ≤ N ∧ ij.2 ≤ N) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑ij.1!)⁻¹ * (↑ij.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ ij.1 * b ^ ij.2) =
    ∑ ij ∈ RN ×ˢ RN, ((↑ij.1!)⁻¹ * (↑ij.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ ij.1 * b ^ ij.2)
x✝¹ x✝ : (_ : ℕ) × ℕ
i j i' j' : ℕ
h :
  (fun x =>
        match x with
        | ⟨i, j⟩ => (i, j))
      ⟨i, j⟩ =
    (fun x =>
        match x with
        | ⟨i, j⟩ => (i, j))
      ⟨i', j'⟩
⊢ ⟨i, j⟩ = ⟨i', j'⟩

Tactic:
cases h

Result:
case refl
A : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : Ring A
inst✝ : Algebra ℚ A
a b : A
h₁ : Commute a b
n₁ : ℕ
hn₁ : a ^ n₁ = 0
n₂ : ℕ
hn₂ : b ^ n₂ = 0
N : ℕ := n₁ ⊔ n₂
h₄ : a ^ (N + 1) = 0
h₅ : b ^ (N + 1) = 0
R2N : Finset ℕ := range (2 * N + 1)
hR2N : R2N = range (2 * N + 1)
RN : Finset ℕ := range (N + 1)
hRN : RN = range (N + 1)
s₁ : ∑ i ∈ R2N, (↑i !)⁻¹ • (a + b) ^ i = ∑ ij ∈ RN ×ˢ RN, ((↑ij.1!)⁻¹ * (↑ij.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ ij.1 * b ^ ij.2)
z₁ : ∑ ij ∈ filter (fun ij => ¬ij.1 + ij.2 ≤ 2 * N) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑ij.1!)⁻¹ * (↑ij.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ ij.1 * b ^ ij.2) = 0
split₁ :
  ∑ x ∈ filter (fun x => x.1 + x.2 ≤ 2 * N) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑x.1!)⁻¹ * (↑x.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ x.1 * b ^ x.2) =
    ∑ x ∈ R2N ×ˢ R2N, ((↑x.1!)⁻¹ * (↑x.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ x.1 * b ^ x.2)
z₂ :
  ∑ ij ∈ filter (fun ij => ¬(ij.1 ≤ N ∧ ij.2 ≤ N)) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑ij.1!)⁻¹ * (↑ij.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ ij.1 * b ^ ij.2) = 0
split₂ :
  ∑ x ∈ filter (fun x => x.1 ≤ N ∧ x.2 ≤ N) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑x.1!)⁻¹ * (↑x.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ x.1 * b ^ x.2) =
    ∑ x ∈ R2N ×ˢ R2N, ((↑x.1!)⁻¹ * (↑x.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ x.1 * b ^ x.2)
restrict :
  ∑ ij ∈ filter (fun ij => ij.1 ≤ N ∧ ij.2 ≤ N) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑ij.1!)⁻¹ * (↑ij.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ ij.1 * b ^ ij.2) =
    ∑ ij ∈ RN ×ˢ RN, ((↑ij.1!)⁻¹ * (↑ij.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ ij.1 * b ^ ij.2)
x✝¹ x✝ : (_ : ℕ) × ℕ
i j : ℕ
⊢ ⟨i, j⟩ = ⟨i, j⟩

Proof state:
A : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : Ring A
inst✝ : Algebra ℚ A
a b : A
h₁ : Commute a b
n₁ : ℕ
hn₁ : a ^ n₁ = 0
n₂ : ℕ
hn₂ : b ^ n₂ = 0
N : ℕ := n₁ ⊔ n₂
h₄ : a ^ (N + 1) = 0
h₅ : b ^ (N + 1) = 0
R2N : Finset ℕ := range (2 * N + 1)
hR2N : R2N = range (2 * N + 1)
RN : Finset ℕ := range (N + 1)
hRN : RN = range (N + 1)
s₁ :
  ∑ i ∈ R2N, (↑i !)⁻¹ • (a + b) ^ i =
    ∑ ij ∈ filter (fun ij => ij.1 + ij.2 ≤ 2 * N) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑ij.1!)⁻¹ * (↑ij.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ ij.1 * b ^ ij.2)
i : ℕ × ℕ
hi : i ∈ R2N ×ˢ R2N ∧ ¬i.1 + i.2 ≤ 2 * N
⊢ ((↑i.1!)⁻¹ * (↑i.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ i.1 * b ^ i.2) = 0

Tactic:
cases le_or_lt (N + 1) i.1 with
  | inl h => rw [pow_eq_zero_of_le h h₄, zero_mul, smul_zero]
  | inr _ => rw [pow_eq_zero_of_le (by linarith) h₅, mul_zero, smul_zero]

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case inl
A : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : Ring A
inst✝ : Algebra ℚ A
a b : A
h₁ : Commute a b
n₁ : ℕ
hn₁ : a ^ n₁ = 0
n₂ : ℕ
hn₂ : b ^ n₂ = 0
N : ℕ := n₁ ⊔ n₂
h₄ : a ^ (N + 1) = 0
h₅ : b ^ (N + 1) = 0
R2N : Finset ℕ := range (2 * N + 1)
hR2N : R2N = range (2 * N + 1)
RN : Finset ℕ := range (N + 1)
hRN : RN = range (N + 1)
s₁ :
  ∑ i ∈ R2N, (↑i !)⁻¹ • (a + b) ^ i =
    ∑ ij ∈ filter (fun ij => ij.1 + ij.2 ≤ 2 * N) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑ij.1!)⁻¹ * (↑ij.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ ij.1 * b ^ ij.2)
i : ℕ × ℕ
hi : i ∈ R2N ×ˢ R2N ∧ ¬i.1 + i.2 ≤ 2 * N
h : N + 1 ≤ i.1
⊢ ((↑i.1!)⁻¹ * (↑i.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ i.1 * b ^ i.2) = 0

Tactic:
rw [pow_eq_zero_of_le h h₄, zero_mul, smul_zero]

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case inl
A : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : Ring A
inst✝ : Algebra ℚ A
a b : A
h₁ : Commute a b
n₁ : ℕ
hn₁ : a ^ n₁ = 0
n₂ : ℕ
hn₂ : b ^ n₂ = 0
N : ℕ := n₁ ⊔ n₂
h₄ : a ^ (N + 1) = 0
h₅ : b ^ (N + 1) = 0
R2N : Finset ℕ := range (2 * N + 1)
hR2N : R2N = range (2 * N + 1)
RN : Finset ℕ := range (N + 1)
hRN : RN = range (N + 1)
s₁ : ∑ i ∈ R2N, (↑i !)⁻¹ • (a + b) ^ i = ∑ x ∈ R2N ×ˢ R2N, ((↑x.1!)⁻¹ * (↑x.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ x.1 * b ^ x.2)
z₁ : ∑ ij ∈ filter (fun ij => ¬ij.1 + ij.2 ≤ 2 * N) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑ij.1!)⁻¹ * (↑ij.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ ij.1 * b ^ ij.2) = 0
split₁ :
  ∑ x ∈ filter (fun x => x.1 + x.2 ≤ 2 * N) (R2N ×ˢ R2N), ((↑x.1!)⁻¹ * (↑x.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ x.1 * b ^ x.2) =
    ∑ x ∈ R2N ×ˢ R2N, ((↑x.1!)⁻¹ * (↑x.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ x.1 * b ^ x.2)
i : ℕ × ℕ
hi : i ∈ R2N ×ˢ R2N ∧ (i.1 ≤ N → N < i.2)
h : N + 1 ≤ i.1
⊢ ((↑i.1!)⁻¹ * (↑i.2!)⁻¹) • (a ^ i.1 * b ^ i.2) = 0

Tactic:
rw [pow_eq_zero_of_le h h₄, zero_mul, smul_zero]

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case intro.intro
A : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : Ring A
inst✝ : Algebra ℚ A
a b : A
h₁ : Commute a b
n₁ : ℕ
hn₁ : a ^ n₁ = 0
n₂ : ℕ
hn₂ : b ^ n₂ = 0
N : ℕ := n₁ ⊔ n₂
h₄ : a ^ (N + 1) = 0
h₅ : b ^ (N + 1) = 0
⊢ ∑ i ∈ range (2 * N + 1), (↑i !)⁻¹ • (a + b) ^ i =
    (∑ i ∈ range (N + 1), (↑i !)⁻¹ • a ^ i) * ∑ i ∈ range (N + 1), (↑i !)⁻¹ • b ^ i

Tactic:
set R2N := range (2 * N + 1) with hR2N

Result:
case intro.intro
A : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : Ring A
inst✝ : Algebra ℚ A
a b : A
h₁ : Commute a b
n₁ : ℕ
hn₁ : a ^ n₁ = 0
n₂ : ℕ
hn₂ : b ^ n₂ = 0
N : ℕ := n₁ ⊔ n₂
h₄ : a ^ (N + 1) = 0
h₅ : b ^ (N + 1) = 0
R2N : Finset ℕ := range (2 * N + 1)
hR2N : R2N = range (2 * N + 1)
⊢ ∑ i ∈ R2N, (↑i !)⁻¹ • (a + b) ^ i = (∑ i ∈ range (N + 1), (↑i !)⁻¹ • a ^ i) * ∑ i ∈ range (N + 1), (↑i !)⁻¹ • b ^ i