-- Mathlib/CategoryTheory/Limits/VanKampen.lean
theorem isVanKampenColimit_extendCofan {n : ℕ} (f : Fin (n + 1) → C)
    {c₁ : Cofan fun i : Fin n ↦ f i.succ} {c₂ : BinaryCofan (f 0) c₁.pt}
    (t₁ : IsVanKampenColimit c₁) (t₂ : IsVanKampenColimit c₂)
    [∀ {Z} (i : Z ⟶ c₂.pt), HasPullback c₂.inr i]
    [HasFiniteCoproducts C] :
    IsVanKampenColimit (extendCofan c₁ c₂)

Proof state:
case refine_2.uniq
C : Type u
inst✝² : Category.{v, u} C
n : ℕ
f : Fin (n + 1) → C
c₁ : Cofan fun i => f i.succ
c₂ : BinaryCofan (f 0) c₁.pt
t₁ : IsVanKampenColimit c₁
t₂ : IsVanKampenColimit c₂
inst✝¹ : ∀ {Z : C} (i : Z ⟶ c₂.pt), HasPullback c₂.inr i
inst✝ : HasFiniteCoproducts C
j : Fin (n + 1)
F' : Fin (n + 1) → C
c : Cocone (Discrete.functor F')
α : Discrete.functor F' ⟶ Discrete.functor f
i : c.pt ⟶ (extendCofan c₁ c₂).pt
e : α ≫ (extendCofan c₁ c₂).ι = c.ι ≫ (Functor.const (Discrete (Fin (n + 1)))).map i
hα : NatTrans.Equifibered α
Hc : IsColimit c
T : C
f₁ : F' 0 ⟶ T
f₂ : (∐ fun j => (Discrete.functor F').obj { as := j.succ }) ⟶ T
f₃ : (BinaryCofan.mk (c.ι.app { as := 0 }) (Sigma.desc fun b => c.ι.app { as := b.succ })).pt ⟶ T
m₁ : c.ι.app { as := 0 } ≫ f₃ = f₁
m₂ : (Sigma.desc fun b => c.ι.app { as := b.succ }) ≫ f₃ = f₂
⊢ f₃ = Hc.desc (Cofan.mk T fun i => Fin.cases f₁ (fun i => Sigma.ι (fun j => F' j.succ) i ≫ f₂) i)

Tactic:
refine Hc.uniq (Cofan.mk T (Fin.cases f₁
  (fun i ↦ Sigma.ι (fun (j : Fin n) ↦ (Discrete.functor F').obj ⟨j.succ⟩) _ ≫ f₂))) _ ?_

Result:
case refine_2.uniq
C : Type u
inst✝² : Category.{v, u} C
n : ℕ
f : Fin (n + 1) → C
c₁ : Cofan fun i => f i.succ
c₂ : BinaryCofan (f 0) c₁.pt
t₁ : IsVanKampenColimit c₁
t₂ : IsVanKampenColimit c₂
inst✝¹ : ∀ {Z : C} (i : Z ⟶ c₂.pt), HasPullback c₂.inr i
inst✝ : HasFiniteCoproducts C
j : Fin (n + 1)
F' : Fin (n + 1) → C
c : Cocone (Discrete.functor F')
α : Discrete.functor F' ⟶ Discrete.functor f
i : c.pt ⟶ (extendCofan c₁ c₂).pt
e : α ≫ (extendCofan c₁ c₂).ι = c.ι ≫ (Functor.const (Discrete (Fin (n + 1)))).map i
hα : NatTrans.Equifibered α
Hc : IsColimit c
T : C
f₁ : F' 0 ⟶ T
f₂ : (∐ fun j => (Discrete.functor F').obj { as := j.succ }) ⟶ T
f₃ : (BinaryCofan.mk (c.ι.app { as := 0 }) (Sigma.desc fun b => c.ι.app { as := b.succ })).pt ⟶ T
m₁ : c.ι.app { as := 0 } ≫ f₃ = f₁
m₂ : (Sigma.desc fun b => c.ι.app { as := b.succ }) ≫ f₃ = f₂
⊢ ∀ (j : Discrete (Fin (n + 1))),
    c.ι.app j ≫ f₃ =
      (Cofan.mk T fun i =>
              Fin.cases f₁ (fun i => Sigma.ι (fun j => (Discrete.functor F').obj { as := j.succ }) i ≫ f₂) i).ι.app
        j

Proof state:
case refine_3
C : Type u
inst✝² : Category.{v, u} C
n : ℕ
f : Fin (n + 1) → C
c₁ : Cofan fun i => f i.succ
c₂ : BinaryCofan (f 0) c₁.pt
t₁ : IsVanKampenColimit c₁
t₂ : IsVanKampenColimit c₂
inst✝¹ : ∀ {Z : C} (i : Z ⟶ c₂.pt), HasPullback c₂.inr i
inst✝ : HasFiniteCoproducts C
F : Discrete (Fin (n + 1)) ⥤ C
c : Cocone F
α : F ⟶ Discrete.functor f
i : c.pt ⟶ (extendCofan c₁ c₂).pt
e : α ≫ (extendCofan c₁ c₂).ι = c.ι ≫ (Functor.const (Discrete (Fin (n + 1)))).map i
hα : NatTrans.Equifibered α
Hc : IsColimit c
j : Fin (n + 1)
t₂' :
  ∀ (j : Discrete WalkingPair),
    IsPullback ((BinaryCofan.mk (c.ι.app { as := 0 }) (Sigma.desc fun b => c.ι.app { as := b.succ })).ι.app j)
      ((mapPair (α.app { as := 0 }) (Sigma.desc fun b => α.app { as := b.succ } ≫ c₁.inj b)).app j) i (c₂.ι.app j)
⊢ IsPullback (c.ι.app { as := j }) (α.app { as := j }) i ((extendCofan c₁ c₂).ι.app { as := j })

Tactic:
induction' j using Fin.inductionOn with j _

Result:
case refine_3.zero
C : Type u
inst✝² : Category.{v, u} C
n : ℕ
f : Fin (n + 1) → C
c₁ : Cofan fun i => f i.succ
c₂ : BinaryCofan (f 0) c₁.pt
t₁ : IsVanKampenColimit c₁
t₂ : IsVanKampenColimit c₂
inst✝¹ : ∀ {Z : C} (i : Z ⟶ c₂.pt), HasPullback c₂.inr i
inst✝ : HasFiniteCoproducts C
F : Discrete (Fin (n + 1)) ⥤ C
c : Cocone F
α : F ⟶ Discrete.functor f
i : c.pt ⟶ (extendCofan c₁ c₂).pt
e : α ≫ (extendCofan c₁ c₂).ι = c.ι ≫ (Functor.const (Discrete (Fin (n + 1)))).map i
hα : NatTrans.Equifibered α
Hc : IsColimit c
t₂' :
  ∀ (j : Discrete WalkingPair),
    IsPullback ((BinaryCofan.mk (c.ι.app { as := 0 }) (Sigma.desc fun b => c.ι.app { as := b.succ })).ι.app j)
      ((mapPair (α.app { as := 0 }) (Sigma.desc fun b => α.app { as := b.succ } ≫ c₁.inj b)).app j) i (c₂.ι.app j)
⊢ IsPullback (c.ι.app { as := 0 }) (α.app { as := 0 }) i ((extendCofan c₁ c₂).ι.app { as := 0 })

case refine_3.succ
C : Type u
inst✝² : Category.{v, u} C
n : ℕ
f : Fin (n + 1) → C
c₁ : Cofan fun i => f i.succ
c₂ : BinaryCofan (f 0) c₁.pt
t₁ : IsVanKampenColimit c₁
t₂ : IsVanKampenColimit c₂
inst✝¹ : ∀ {Z : C} (i : Z ⟶ c₂.pt), HasPullback c₂.inr i
inst✝ : HasFiniteCoproducts C
F : Discrete (Fin (n + 1)) ⥤ C
c : Cocone F
α : F ⟶ Discrete.functor f
i : c.pt ⟶ (extendCofan c₁ c₂).pt
e : α ≫ (extendCofan c₁ c₂).ι = c.ι ≫ (Functor.const (Discrete (Fin (n + 1)))).map i
hα : NatTrans.Equifibered α
Hc : IsColimit c
t₂' :
  ∀ (j : Discrete WalkingPair),
    IsPullback ((BinaryCofan.mk (c.ι.app { as := 0 }) (Sigma.desc fun b => c.ι.app { as := b.succ })).ι.app j)
      ((mapPair (α.app { as := 0 }) (Sigma.desc fun b => α.app { as := b.succ } ≫ c₁.inj b)).app j) i (c₂.ι.app j)
j : Fin n
a✝ :
  IsPullback (c.ι.app { as := j.castSucc }) (α.app { as := j.castSucc }) i
    ((extendCofan c₁ c₂).ι.app { as := j.castSucc })
⊢ IsPullback (c.ι.app { as := j.succ }) (α.app { as := j.succ }) i ((extendCofan c₁ c₂).ι.app { as := j.succ })