-- Mathlib/Topology/Perfect.lean
theorem exists_countable_union_perfect_of_isClosed [SecondCountableTopology α]
    (hclosed : IsClosed C) : ∃ V D : Set α, V.Countable ∧ Perfect D ∧ C = V ∪ D

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
x : α
xD : x ∈ D
E : Set α
xE : E ∈ 𝓝 x
⊢ ¬(E ∩ D).Countable

Tactic:
intro h

Result:
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
x : α
xD : x ∈ D
E : Set α
xE : E ∈ 𝓝 x
h : (E ∩ D).Countable
⊢ False

Proof state:
case intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
⊢ ∃ V D, V.Countable ∧ Perfect D ∧ C = V ∪ D

Tactic:
let V := ⋃ U ∈ v, U

Result:
case intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
⊢ ∃ V D, V.Countable ∧ Perfect D ∧ C = V ∪ D

Proof state:
case intro.intro.intro.refine_2
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
⊢ ∀ x ∈ D, ∀ U ∈ 𝓝 x, ∃ y ∈ U ∩ D, y ≠ x

Tactic:
intro x xD E xE

Result:
case intro.intro.intro.refine_2
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
x : α
xD : x ∈ D
E : Set α
xE : E ∈ 𝓝 x
⊢ ∃ y ∈ E ∩ D, y ≠ x

Proof state:
case hs
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
x : α
xD : x ∈ D
E : Set α
xE : E ∈ 𝓝 x
h : (E ∩ D).Countable
U : Set α
hUb : U ∈ b
xU : x ∈ U
hU : U ⊆ E
⊢ (E ∩ D ∪ V ∩ C).Countable

Tactic:
exact Countable.union h Vct

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
x : α
xD : x ∈ D
E : Set α
xE : E ∈ 𝓝 x
h : (E ∩ D).Countable
U : Set α
hUb : U ∈ b
xU : x ∈ U
hU : U ⊆ E
⊢ (U ∩ C).Countable

Tactic:
apply @Countable.mono _ _ (E ∩ D ∪ V ∩ C)

Result:
case h
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
x : α
xD : x ∈ D
E : Set α
xE : E ∈ 𝓝 x
h : (E ∩ D).Countable
U : Set α
hUb : U ∈ b
xU : x ∈ U
hU : U ⊆ E
⊢ U ∩ C ⊆ E ∩ D ∪ V ∩ C

case hs
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
x : α
xD : x ∈ D
E : Set α
xE : E ∈ 𝓝 x
h : (E ∩ D).Countable
U : Set α
hUb : U ∈ b
xU : x ∈ U
hU : U ⊆ E
⊢ (E ∩ D ∪ V ∩ C).Countable

Proof state:
case intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
x : α
xD : x ∈ D
E : Set α
xE : E ∈ 𝓝 x
h : (E ∩ D).Countable
U : Set α
hUb : U ∈ b
xU : x ∈ U
hU : U ⊆ E
hU_cnt : (U ∩ C).Countable
this : U ∈ v
⊢ False

Tactic:
apply xD.2

Result:
case intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
x : α
xD : x ∈ D
E : Set α
xE : E ∈ 𝓝 x
h : (E ∩ D).Countable
U : Set α
hUb : U ∈ b
xU : x ∈ U
hU : U ⊆ E
hU_cnt : (U ∩ C).Countable
this : U ∈ v
⊢ x ∈ V

Proof state:
case a
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
⊢ ∀ a ∈ v, (a ∩ C).Countable

Tactic:
exact inter_subset_right

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case intro.intro.intro.refine_1
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
⊢ IsClosed D

Tactic:
refine hclosed.sdiff (isOpen_biUnion fun _ ↦ ?_)

Result:
case intro.intro.intro.refine_1
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
x✝ : Set α
⊢ x✝ ∈ v → IsOpen x✝

Proof state:
case intro.intro.intro.refine_2
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
⊢ Preperfect D

Tactic:
rw [preperfect_iff_nhds]

Result:
case intro.intro.intro.refine_2
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
⊢ ∀ x ∈ D, ∀ U ∈ 𝓝 x, ∃ y ∈ U ∩ D, y ≠ x

Proof state:
case intro.intro.intro.refine_1
α : Type u_1
inst✝¹ : TopologicalSpace α
C : Set α
inst✝ : SecondCountableTopology α
hclosed : IsClosed C
b : Set (Set α)
bct : b.Countable
left✝ : ∅ ∉ b
bbasis : IsTopologicalBasis b
v : Set (Set α) := {U | U ∈ b ∧ (U ∩ C).Countable}
V : Set α := ⋃ U ∈ v, U
D : Set α := C \ V
Vct : (V ∩ C).Countable
x✝ : Set α
⊢ x✝ ∈ v → IsOpen x✝

Tactic:
exact fun ⟨Ub, _⟩ ↦ IsTopologicalBasis.isOpen bbasis Ub

Result:
no goals