-- Mathlib/Algebra/Polynomial/SumIteratedDerivative.lean
theorem aeval_sumIDeriv_of_pos [Nontrivial A] [NoZeroDivisors A] (p : R[X]) {q : ℕ} (hq : 0 < q)
    (inj_amap : Function.Injective (algebraMap R A)) :
    ∃ gp : R[X], gp.natDegree ≤ p.natDegree - q ∧
      ∀ (r : A) {p' : A[X]},
        p.map (algebraMap R A) = (X - C r) ^ (q - 1) * p' →
        aeval r (sumIDeriv p) = (q - 1)! • p'.eval r + q ! • aeval r gp

Proof state:
case inr.refine_2
R : Type u_1
inst✝⁴ : CommSemiring R
A : Type u_3
inst✝³ : CommRing A
inst✝² : Algebra R A
inst✝¹ : Nontrivial A
inst✝ : NoZeroDivisors A
p : R[X]
q : ℕ
hq : 0 < q
inj_amap : Function.Injective ⇑(algebraMap R A)
p0 : p ≠ 0
c : ℕ → R[X] := fun k => if hk : q ≤ k then ⋯.choose else 0
c_le : ∀ (k : ℕ), (c k).natDegree ≤ p.natDegree - k
hc : ∀ (k : ℕ), q ≤ k → ∀ (r : A), (aeval r) ((⇑derivative)^[k] p) = q ! • (aeval r) (c k)
r : A
p' : A[X]
hp : map (algebraMap R A) p = (X - C r) ^ (q - 1) * p'
this✝ : range (p.natDegree + 1) = range q ∪ Ico q (p.natDegree + 1)
this : range q = range (q - 1 + 1)
⊢ Disjoint (range q) (Ico q (p.natDegree + 1))

Tactic:
rw [range_eq_Ico, disjoint_iff_inter_eq_empty, eq_empty_iff_forall_not_mem]

Result:
case inr.refine_2
R : Type u_1
inst✝⁴ : CommSemiring R
A : Type u_3
inst✝³ : CommRing A
inst✝² : Algebra R A
inst✝¹ : Nontrivial A
inst✝ : NoZeroDivisors A
p : R[X]
q : ℕ
hq : 0 < q
inj_amap : Function.Injective ⇑(algebraMap R A)
p0 : p ≠ 0
c : ℕ → R[X] := fun k => if hk : q ≤ k then ⋯.choose else 0
c_le : ∀ (k : ℕ), (c k).natDegree ≤ p.natDegree - k
hc : ∀ (k : ℕ), q ≤ k → ∀ (r : A), (aeval r) ((⇑derivative)^[k] p) = q ! • (aeval r) (c k)
r : A
p' : A[X]
hp : map (algebraMap R A) p = (X - C r) ^ (q - 1) * p'
this✝ : range (p.natDegree + 1) = range q ∪ Ico q (p.natDegree + 1)
this : range q = range (q - 1 + 1)
⊢ ∀ (x : ℕ), x ∉ Ico 0 q ∩ Ico q (p.natDegree + 1)

Proof state:
case inr.refine_2
R : Type u_1
inst✝⁴ : CommSemiring R
A : Type u_3
inst✝³ : CommRing A
inst✝² : Algebra R A
inst✝¹ : Nontrivial A
inst✝ : NoZeroDivisors A
p : R[X]
q : ℕ
hq : 0 < q
inj_amap : Function.Injective ⇑(algebraMap R A)
p0 : p ≠ 0
c : ℕ → R[X] := fun k => if hk : q ≤ k then ⋯.choose else 0
c_le : ∀ (k : ℕ), (c k).natDegree ≤ p.natDegree - k
hc : ∀ (k : ℕ), q ≤ k → ∀ (r : A), (aeval r) ((⇑derivative)^[k] p) = q ! • (aeval r) (c k)
⊢ ∀ (r : A) {p' : A[X]},
    map (algebraMap R A) p = (X - C r) ^ (q - 1) * p' →
      (aeval r) (sumIDeriv p) = (q - 1)! • eval r p' + q ! • (aeval r) (∑ x ∈ Ico q (p.natDegree + 1), c x)

Tactic:
intro r p' hp

Result:
case inr.refine_2
R : Type u_1
inst✝⁴ : CommSemiring R
A : Type u_3
inst✝³ : CommRing A
inst✝² : Algebra R A
inst✝¹ : Nontrivial A
inst✝ : NoZeroDivisors A
p : R[X]
q : ℕ
hq : 0 < q
inj_amap : Function.Injective ⇑(algebraMap R A)
p0 : p ≠ 0
c : ℕ → R[X] := fun k => if hk : q ≤ k then ⋯.choose else 0
c_le : ∀ (k : ℕ), (c k).natDegree ≤ p.natDegree - k
hc : ∀ (k : ℕ), q ≤ k → ∀ (r : A), (aeval r) ((⇑derivative)^[k] p) = q ! • (aeval r) (c k)
r : A
p' : A[X]
hp : map (algebraMap R A) p = (X - C r) ^ (q - 1) * p'
⊢ (aeval r) (sumIDeriv p) = (q - 1)! • eval r p' + q ! • (aeval r) (∑ x ∈ Ico q (p.natDegree + 1), c x)

Proof state:
R : Type u_1
inst✝⁴ : CommSemiring R
A : Type u_3
inst✝³ : CommRing A
inst✝² : Algebra R A
inst✝¹ : Nontrivial A
inst✝ : NoZeroDivisors A
p : R[X]
q : ℕ
hq : 0 < q
inj_amap : Function.Injective ⇑(algebraMap R A)
p0 : p ≠ 0
c : ℕ → R[X] := fun k => if hk : q ≤ k then ⋯.choose else 0
k : ℕ
⊢ (c k).natDegree ≤ p.natDegree - k

Tactic:
dsimp only [c]

Result:
R : Type u_1
inst✝⁴ : CommSemiring R
A : Type u_3
inst✝³ : CommRing A
inst✝² : Algebra R A
inst✝¹ : Nontrivial A
inst✝ : NoZeroDivisors A
p : R[X]
q : ℕ
hq : 0 < q
inj_amap : Function.Injective ⇑(algebraMap R A)
p0 : p ≠ 0
c : ℕ → R[X] := fun k => if hk : q ≤ k then ⋯.choose else 0
k : ℕ
⊢ (if hk : q ≤ k then ⋯.choose else 0).natDegree ≤ p.natDegree - k

Proof state:
case inr.refine_2
R : Type u_1
inst✝⁴ : CommSemiring R
A : Type u_3
inst✝³ : CommRing A
inst✝² : Algebra R A
inst✝¹ : Nontrivial A
inst✝ : NoZeroDivisors A
p : R[X]
q : ℕ
hq : 0 < q
inj_amap : Function.Injective ⇑(algebraMap R A)
p0 : p ≠ 0
c : ℕ → R[X] := fun k => if hk : q ≤ k then ⋯.choose else 0
c_le : ∀ (k : ℕ), (c k).natDegree ≤ p.natDegree - k
hc : ∀ (k : ℕ), q ≤ k → ∀ (r : A), (aeval r) ((⇑derivative)^[k] p) = q ! • (aeval r) (c k)
r : A
p' : A[X]
hp : map (algebraMap R A) p = (X - C r) ^ (q - 1) * p'
this : range (p.natDegree + 1) = range q ∪ Ico q (p.natDegree + 1)
⊢ (aeval r) (sumIDeriv p) = 0 + (q - 1)! • eval r p' + q ! • (aeval r) (∑ x ∈ Ico q (p.natDegree + 1), c x)

Tactic:
rw [sumIDeriv_apply, map_sum, map_sum, this]

Result:
case inr.refine_2
R : Type u_1
inst✝⁴ : CommSemiring R
A : Type u_3
inst✝³ : CommRing A
inst✝² : Algebra R A
inst✝¹ : Nontrivial A
inst✝ : NoZeroDivisors A
p : R[X]
q : ℕ
hq : 0 < q
inj_amap : Function.Injective ⇑(algebraMap R A)
p0 : p ≠ 0
c : ℕ → R[X] := fun k => if hk : q ≤ k then ⋯.choose else 0
c_le : ∀ (k : ℕ), (c k).natDegree ≤ p.natDegree - k
hc : ∀ (k : ℕ), q ≤ k → ∀ (r : A), (aeval r) ((⇑derivative)^[k] p) = q ! • (aeval r) (c k)
r : A
p' : A[X]
hp : map (algebraMap R A) p = (X - C r) ^ (q - 1) * p'
this : range (p.natDegree + 1) = range q ∪ Ico q (p.natDegree + 1)
⊢ ∑ x ∈ range q ∪ Ico q (p.natDegree + 1), (aeval r) ((⇑derivative)^[x] p) =
    0 + (q - 1)! • eval r p' + q ! • ∑ x ∈ Ico q (p.natDegree + 1), (aeval r) (c x)

Proof state:
case hp
R : Type u_1
inst✝⁴ : CommSemiring R
A : Type u_3
inst✝³ : CommRing A
inst✝² : Algebra R A
inst✝¹ : Nontrivial A
inst✝ : NoZeroDivisors A
p : R[X]
q : ℕ
hq : 0 < q
inj_amap : Function.Injective ⇑(algebraMap R A)
p0 : p ≠ 0
c : ℕ → R[X] := fun k => if hk : q ≤ k then ⋯.choose else 0
c_le : ∀ (k : ℕ), (c k).natDegree ≤ p.natDegree - k
hc : ∀ (k : ℕ), q ≤ k → ∀ (r : A), (aeval r) ((⇑derivative)^[k] p) = q ! • (aeval r) (c k)
r : A
p' : A[X]
hp : map (algebraMap R A) p = (X - C r) ^ (q - 1) * p'
⊢ (X - C r) ^ (q - 1) ≠ 0

Tactic:
exact pow_ne_zero _ (X_sub_C_ne_zero r)

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case hq
R : Type u_1
inst✝⁴ : CommSemiring R
A : Type u_3
inst✝³ : CommRing A
inst✝² : Algebra R A
inst✝¹ : Nontrivial A
inst✝ : NoZeroDivisors A
p : R[X]
q : ℕ
hq : 0 < q
inj_amap : Function.Injective ⇑(algebraMap R A)
p0 : p ≠ 0
c : ℕ → R[X] := fun k => if hk : q ≤ k then ⋯.choose else 0
c_le : ∀ (k : ℕ), (c k).natDegree ≤ p.natDegree - k
hc : ∀ (k : ℕ), q ≤ k → ∀ (r : A), (aeval r) ((⇑derivative)^[k] p) = q ! • (aeval r) (c k)
r : A
hp : map (algebraMap R A) p = (X - C r) ^ (q - 1) * 0
⊢ False

Tactic:
rw [mul_zero, Polynomial.map_eq_zero_iff inj_amap] at hp

Result:
case hq
R : Type u_1
inst✝⁴ : CommSemiring R
A : Type u_3
inst✝³ : CommRing A
inst✝² : Algebra R A
inst✝¹ : Nontrivial A
inst✝ : NoZeroDivisors A
p : R[X]
q : ℕ
hq : 0 < q
inj_amap : Function.Injective ⇑(algebraMap R A)
p0 : p ≠ 0
c : ℕ → R[X] := fun k => if hk : q ≤ k then ⋯.choose else 0
c_le : ∀ (k : ℕ), (c k).natDegree ≤ p.natDegree - k
hc : ∀ (k : ℕ), q ≤ k → ∀ (r : A), (aeval r) ((⇑derivative)^[k] p) = q ! • (aeval r) (c k)
r : A
hp : p = 0
⊢ False

Proof state:
case right.refine_1
R : Type u_1
inst✝⁴ : CommSemiring R
A : Type u_3
inst✝³ : CommRing A
inst✝² : Algebra R A
inst✝¹ : Nontrivial A
inst✝ : NoZeroDivisors A
q : ℕ
hq : 0 < q
inj_amap : Function.Injective ⇑(algebraMap R A)
r : A
p' : A[X]
hp : 0 = (X - C r) ^ (q - 1) * p'
⊢ ¬(X - C r) ^ (q - 1) = 0

Tactic:
exact fun h => X_sub_C_ne_zero r (pow_eq_zero h)

Result:
no goals