-- Mathlib/Analysis/InnerProductSpace/Projection.lean
theorem exists_norm_eq_iInf_of_complete_convex {K : Set F} (ne : K.Nonempty) (h₁ : IsComplete K)
    (h₂ : Convex ℝ K) : ∀ u : F, ∃ v ∈ K, ‖u - v‖ = ⨅ w : K, ‖u - w‖ := fun u => by
  let δ := ⨅ w : K, ‖u - w‖
  letI : Nonempty K := ne.to_subtype
  have zero_le_δ : 0 ≤ δ := le_ciInf fun _ => norm_nonneg _
  have δ_le : ∀ w : K, δ ≤ ‖u - w‖ := ciInf_le ⟨0, Set.forall_mem_range.2 fun _ => norm_nonneg _⟩
  have δ_le' : ∀ w ∈ K, δ ≤ ‖u - w‖ := fun w hw => δ_le ⟨w, hw⟩
  -- Step 1: since `δ` is the infimum, can find a sequence `w : ℕ → K` in `K`
  -- such that `‖u - w n‖ < δ + 1 / (n + 1)` (which implies `‖u - w n‖ --> δ`);
  -- maybe this should be a separate lemma
  have exists_seq : ∃ w : ℕ → K, ∀ n, ‖u - w n‖ < δ + 1 / (n + 1)

Proof state:
F : Type u_3
inst✝¹ : NormedAddCommGroup F
inst✝ : InnerProductSpace ℝ F
K : Set F
ne : K.Nonempty
h₁ : IsComplete K
h₂ : Convex ℝ K
u : F
δ : ℝ := ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖
this✝ : Nonempty ↑K := Set.Nonempty.to_subtype ne
zero_le_δ : 0 ≤ δ
δ_le : ∀ (w : ↑K), δ ≤ ‖u - ↑w‖
δ_le' : ∀ w ∈ K, δ ≤ ‖u - w‖
w : ℕ → ↑K
hw : ∀ (n : ℕ), ‖u - ↑(w n)‖ < δ + 1 / (↑n + 1)
norm_tendsto : Tendsto (fun n => ‖u - ↑(w n)‖) atTop (𝓝 δ)
b✝ : ℕ → ℝ := fun n => 8 * δ * (1 / (↑n + 1)) + 4 * (1 / (↑n + 1)) * (1 / (↑n + 1))
p q N : ℕ
hp : N ≤ p
hq : N ≤ q
wp : F := ↑(w p)
wq : F := ↑(w q)
a : F := u - wq
b : F := u - wp
half : ℝ := 1 / 2
div : ℝ := 1 / (↑N + 1)
this : 4 * ‖u - half • (wq + wp)‖ * ‖u - half • (wq + wp)‖ + ‖wp - wq‖ * ‖wp - wq‖ = 2 * (‖a‖ * ‖a‖ + ‖b‖ * ‖b‖)
eq : δ ≤ ‖u - half • (wq + wp)‖
⊢ 4 * δ * δ ≤ 4 * ‖u - half • (wq + wp)‖ * ‖u - half • (wq + wp)‖

Tactic:
simp_rw [mul_assoc]

Result:
F : Type u_3
inst✝¹ : NormedAddCommGroup F
inst✝ : InnerProductSpace ℝ F
K : Set F
ne : K.Nonempty
h₁ : IsComplete K
h₂ : Convex ℝ K
u : F
δ : ℝ := ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖
this✝ : Nonempty ↑K := Set.Nonempty.to_subtype ne
zero_le_δ : 0 ≤ δ
δ_le : ∀ (w : ↑K), δ ≤ ‖u - ↑w‖
δ_le' : ∀ w ∈ K, δ ≤ ‖u - w‖
w : ℕ → ↑K
hw : ∀ (n : ℕ), ‖u - ↑(w n)‖ < δ + 1 / (↑n + 1)
norm_tendsto : Tendsto (fun n => ‖u - ↑(w n)‖) atTop (𝓝 δ)
b✝ : ℕ → ℝ := fun n => 8 * δ * (1 / (↑n + 1)) + 4 * (1 / (↑n + 1)) * (1 / (↑n + 1))
p q N : ℕ
hp : N ≤ p
hq : N ≤ q
wp : F := ↑(w p)
wq : F := ↑(w q)
a : F := u - wq
b : F := u - wp
half : ℝ := 1 / 2
div : ℝ := 1 / (↑N + 1)
this : 4 * ‖u - half • (wq + wp)‖ * ‖u - half • (wq + wp)‖ + ‖wp - wq‖ * ‖wp - wq‖ = 2 * (‖a‖ * ‖a‖ + ‖b‖ * ‖b‖)
eq : δ ≤ ‖u - half • (wq + wp)‖
⊢ 4 * (δ * δ) ≤ 4 * (‖u - half • (wq + wp)‖ * ‖u - half • (wq + wp)‖)

Proof state:
case right
F : Type u_3
inst✝¹ : NormedAddCommGroup F
inst✝ : InnerProductSpace ℝ F
K : Set F
ne : K.Nonempty
h₁ : IsComplete K
h₂ : Convex ℝ K
u : F
δ : ℝ := ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖
this✝ : Nonempty ↑K := Set.Nonempty.to_subtype ne
zero_le_δ : 0 ≤ δ
δ_le : ∀ (w : ↑K), δ ≤ ‖u - ↑w‖
δ_le' : ∀ w ∈ K, δ ≤ ‖u - w‖
w : ℕ → ↑K
hw : ∀ (n : ℕ), ‖u - ↑(w n)‖ < δ + 1 / (↑n + 1)
norm_tendsto : Tendsto (fun n => ‖u - ↑(w n)‖) atTop (𝓝 δ)
seq_is_cauchy : CauchySeq fun n => ↑(w n)
v : F
hv : v ∈ K
w_tendsto : Tendsto (fun n => ↑(w n)) atTop (𝓝 v)
h_cont : Continuous fun v => ‖u - v‖
this : Tendsto (fun n => ‖u - ↑(w n)‖) atTop (𝓝 ‖u - v‖)
⊢ ‖u - v‖ = ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖

Tactic:
exact tendsto_nhds_unique this norm_tendsto

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case h
F : Type u_3
inst✝¹ : NormedAddCommGroup F
inst✝ : InnerProductSpace ℝ F
K : Set F
ne : K.Nonempty
h₁ : IsComplete K
h₂ : Convex ℝ K
u : F
δ : ℝ := ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖
this : Nonempty ↑K := Set.Nonempty.to_subtype ne
zero_le_δ : 0 ≤ δ
δ_le : ∀ (w : ↑K), δ ≤ ‖u - ↑w‖
δ_le' : ∀ w ∈ K, δ ≤ ‖u - w‖
w : ℕ → ↑K
hw : ∀ (n : ℕ), ‖u - ↑(w n)‖ < δ + 1 / (↑n + 1)
norm_tendsto : Tendsto (fun n => ‖u - ↑(w n)‖) atTop (𝓝 δ)
seq_is_cauchy : CauchySeq fun n => ↑(w n)
v : F
hv : v ∈ K
w_tendsto : Tendsto (fun n => ↑(w n)) atTop (𝓝 v)
⊢ v ∈ K ∧ ‖u - v‖ = ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖

Tactic:
use hv

Result:
case right
F : Type u_3
inst✝¹ : NormedAddCommGroup F
inst✝ : InnerProductSpace ℝ F
K : Set F
ne : K.Nonempty
h₁ : IsComplete K
h₂ : Convex ℝ K
u : F
δ : ℝ := ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖
this : Nonempty ↑K := Set.Nonempty.to_subtype ne
zero_le_δ : 0 ≤ δ
δ_le : ∀ (w : ↑K), δ ≤ ‖u - ↑w‖
δ_le' : ∀ w ∈ K, δ ≤ ‖u - w‖
w : ℕ → ↑K
hw : ∀ (n : ℕ), ‖u - ↑(w n)‖ < δ + 1 / (↑n + 1)
norm_tendsto : Tendsto (fun n => ‖u - ↑(w n)‖) atTop (𝓝 δ)
seq_is_cauchy : CauchySeq fun n => ↑(w n)
v : F
hv : v ∈ K
w_tendsto : Tendsto (fun n => ↑(w n)) atTop (𝓝 v)
⊢ ‖u - v‖ = ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖

Proof state:
F : Type u_3
inst✝¹ : NormedAddCommGroup F
inst✝ : InnerProductSpace ℝ F
K : Set F
ne : K.Nonempty
h₁ : IsComplete K
h₂ : Convex ℝ K
u : F
δ : ℝ := ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖
⊢ ∃ v ∈ K, ‖u - v‖ = ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖

Tactic:
letI : Nonempty K := ne.to_subtype

Result:
F : Type u_3
inst✝¹ : NormedAddCommGroup F
inst✝ : InnerProductSpace ℝ F
K : Set F
ne : K.Nonempty
h₁ : IsComplete K
h₂ : Convex ℝ K
u : F
δ : ℝ := ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖
this : Nonempty ↑K := Set.Nonempty.to_subtype ne
⊢ ∃ v ∈ K, ‖u - v‖ = ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖

Proof state:
case intro
F : Type u_3
inst✝¹ : NormedAddCommGroup F
inst✝ : InnerProductSpace ℝ F
K : Set F
ne : K.Nonempty
h₁ : IsComplete K
h₂ : Convex ℝ K
u : F
δ : ℝ := ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖
this : Nonempty ↑K := Set.Nonempty.to_subtype ne
zero_le_δ : 0 ≤ δ
δ_le : ∀ (w : ↑K), δ ≤ ‖u - ↑w‖
δ_le' : ∀ w ∈ K, δ ≤ ‖u - w‖
w : ℕ → ↑K
hw : ∀ (n : ℕ), ‖u - ↑(w n)‖ < δ + 1 / (↑n + 1)
⊢ ∃ v ∈ K, ‖u - v‖ = ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖

Tactic:
have norm_tendsto : Tendsto (fun n => ‖u - w n‖) atTop (𝓝 δ) := by
  have h : Tendsto (fun _ : ℕ => δ) atTop (𝓝 δ) := tendsto_const_nhds
  have h' : Tendsto (fun n : ℕ => δ + 1 / (n + 1)) atTop (𝓝 δ) := by
    convert h.add tendsto_one_div_add_atTop_nhds_zero_nat
    simp only [add_zero]
  exact tendsto_of_tendsto_of_tendsto_of_le_of_le h h' (fun x => δ_le _) fun x => le_of_lt (hw _)

Result:
case intro
F : Type u_3
inst✝¹ : NormedAddCommGroup F
inst✝ : InnerProductSpace ℝ F
K : Set F
ne : K.Nonempty
h₁ : IsComplete K
h₂ : Convex ℝ K
u : F
δ : ℝ := ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖
this : Nonempty ↑K := Set.Nonempty.to_subtype ne
zero_le_δ : 0 ≤ δ
δ_le : ∀ (w : ↑K), δ ≤ ‖u - ↑w‖
δ_le' : ∀ w ∈ K, δ ≤ ‖u - w‖
w : ℕ → ↑K
hw : ∀ (n : ℕ), ‖u - ↑(w n)‖ < δ + 1 / (↑n + 1)
norm_tendsto : Tendsto (fun n => ‖u - ↑(w n)‖) atTop (𝓝 δ)
⊢ ∃ v ∈ K, ‖u - v‖ = ⨅ w, ‖u - ↑w‖