-- Mathlib/Algebra/Polynomial/Div.lean
theorem coeff_divByMonic_X_sub_C (p : R[X]) (a : R) (n : ℕ) :
    (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i

Proof state:
case inr.refine_1.e_a.refine_2
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n✝ : ℕ
this :
  ∀ (n : ℕ), p.natDegree ≤ n → (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i
h : ¬p.natDegree ≤ n✝
n : ℕ
hn : n < p.natDegree
x✝ : n✝ ≤ n
ih : (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff (n + 1) = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1 + 1)) * p.coeff i
i : ℕ
hi : i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree
⊢ 1 ≤ i - (n + 1)

Tactic:
apply Nat.le_sub_of_add_le

Result:
case inr.refine_1.e_a.refine_2.h
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n✝ : ℕ
this :
  ∀ (n : ℕ), p.natDegree ≤ n → (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i
h : ¬p.natDegree ≤ n✝
n : ℕ
hn : n < p.natDegree
x✝ : n✝ ≤ n
ih : (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff (n + 1) = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1 + 1)) * p.coeff i
i : ℕ
hi : i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree
⊢ 1 + (n + 1) ≤ i

Proof state:
case neg.h
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
h : p.natDegree ≤ n
a✝ : Nontrivial R
hp : ¬p.natDegree = 0
⊢ (p /ₘ (X - C a)).natDegree < n

Tactic:
rw [natDegree_divByMonic p (monic_X_sub_C a), natDegree_X_sub_C]

Result:
case neg.h
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
h : p.natDegree ≤ n
a✝ : Nontrivial R
hp : ¬p.natDegree = 0
⊢ p.natDegree - 1 < n

Proof state:
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
⊢ (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i

Tactic:
wlog h : p.natDegree ≤ n generalizing n

Result:
case inr
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
this :
  ∀ (n : ℕ), p.natDegree ≤ n → (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i
h : ¬p.natDegree ≤ n
⊢ (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i

R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
h : p.natDegree ≤ n
⊢ (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i

Proof state:
case inr.refine_1.e_a
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n✝ : ℕ
this :
  ∀ (n : ℕ), p.natDegree ≤ n → (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i
h : ¬p.natDegree ≤ n✝
n : ℕ
hn : n < p.natDegree
x✝ : n✝ ≤ n
ih : (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff (n + 1) = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1 + 1)) * p.coeff i
⊢ ∑ x ∈ Ioc n.succ p.natDegree, a ^ (x - (n + 1)) * p.coeff x =
    ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree, a * (a ^ (i - (n + 1 + 1)) * p.coeff i)

Tactic:
refine sum_congr ?_ fun i hi ↦ ?_

Result:
case inr.refine_1.e_a.refine_1
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n✝ : ℕ
this :
  ∀ (n : ℕ), p.natDegree ≤ n → (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i
h : ¬p.natDegree ≤ n✝
n : ℕ
hn : n < p.natDegree
x✝ : n✝ ≤ n
ih : (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff (n + 1) = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1 + 1)) * p.coeff i
⊢ Ioc n.succ p.natDegree = Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree

case inr.refine_1.e_a.refine_2
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n✝ : ℕ
this :
  ∀ (n : ℕ), p.natDegree ≤ n → (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i
h : ¬p.natDegree ≤ n✝
n : ℕ
hn : n < p.natDegree
x✝ : n✝ ≤ n
ih : (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff (n + 1) = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1 + 1)) * p.coeff i
i : ℕ
hi : i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree
⊢ a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i = a * (a ^ (i - (n + 1 + 1)) * p.coeff i)

Proof state:
case pos.h
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
h : p.natDegree ≤ n
a✝ : Nontrivial R
hp : p.natDegree = 0
⊢ p.natDegree < (X - C a).natDegree

Tactic:
rw [hp, natDegree_X_sub_C]

Result:
case pos.h
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
h : p.natDegree ≤ n
a✝ : Nontrivial R
hp : p.natDegree = 0
⊢ 0 < 1

Proof state:
case inr.refine_1.e_a.refine_1.h
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n✝ : ℕ
this :
  ∀ (n : ℕ), p.natDegree ≤ n → (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i
h : ¬p.natDegree ≤ n✝
n : ℕ
hn : n < p.natDegree
x✝ : n✝ ≤ n
ih : (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff (n + 1) = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1 + 1)) * p.coeff i
a✝ : ℕ
⊢ a✝ ∈ Ioc n.succ p.natDegree ↔ a✝ ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree

Tactic:
simp [Nat.succ_le]

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case neg.h
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
h : p.natDegree ≤ n
a✝ : Nontrivial R
hp : ¬p.natDegree = 0
⊢ p.natDegree - 1 < n

Tactic:
exact (Nat.pred_lt hp).trans_le h

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
h : p.natDegree ≤ n
⊢ (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = 0

Tactic:
nontriviality R

Result:
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
h : p.natDegree ≤ n
a✝ : Nontrivial R
⊢ (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = 0

Proof state:
case inr.refine_1.e_a.refine_2.h
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n✝ : ℕ
this :
  ∀ (n : ℕ), p.natDegree ≤ n → (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i
h : ¬p.natDegree ≤ n✝
n : ℕ
hn : n < p.natDegree
x✝ : n✝ ≤ n
ih : (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff (n + 1) = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1 + 1)) * p.coeff i
i : ℕ
hi : i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree
⊢ n + 1 + 1 ≤ i

Tactic:
exact (mem_Icc.mp hi).1

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
h : p.natDegree ≤ n
a✝ : Nontrivial R
⊢ (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = 0

Tactic:
by_cases hp : p.natDegree = 0

Result:
case pos
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
h : p.natDegree ≤ n
a✝ : Nontrivial R
hp : p.natDegree = 0
⊢ (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = 0

case neg
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
h : p.natDegree ≤ n
a✝ : Nontrivial R
hp : ¬p.natDegree = 0
⊢ (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = 0

Proof state:
case inr.refine_2
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
this :
  ∀ (n : ℕ), p.natDegree ≤ n → (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i
h : ¬p.natDegree ≤ n
⊢ (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff p.natDegree = ∑ i ∈ Icc (p.natDegree + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (p.natDegree + 1)) * p.coeff i

Tactic:
exact this _ le_rfl

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case pos
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
h : p.natDegree ≤ n
a✝ : Nontrivial R
hp : p.natDegree = 0
⊢ p.degree < (X - C a).degree

Tactic:
apply degree_lt_degree

Result:
case pos.h
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n : ℕ
h : p.natDegree ≤ n
a✝ : Nontrivial R
hp : p.natDegree = 0
⊢ p.natDegree < (X - C a).natDegree

Proof state:
case inr.refine_1.e_a.refine_2.h
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n✝ : ℕ
this :
  ∀ (n : ℕ), p.natDegree ≤ n → (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i
h : ¬p.natDegree ≤ n✝
n : ℕ
hn : n < p.natDegree
x✝ : n✝ ≤ n
ih : (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff (n + 1) = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1 + 1)) * p.coeff i
i : ℕ
hi : i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree
⊢ 1 + (n + 1) ≤ i

Tactic:
rw [add_comm]

Result:
case inr.refine_1.e_a.refine_2.h
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p : R[X]
a : R
n✝ : ℕ
this :
  ∀ (n : ℕ), p.natDegree ≤ n → (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff n = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1)) * p.coeff i
h : ¬p.natDegree ≤ n✝
n : ℕ
hn : n < p.natDegree
x✝ : n✝ ≤ n
ih : (p /ₘ (X - C a)).coeff (n + 1) = ∑ i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree, a ^ (i - (n + 1 + 1)) * p.coeff i
i : ℕ
hi : i ∈ Icc (n + 1 + 1) p.natDegree
⊢ n + 1 + 1 ≤ i