-- Mathlib/Analysis/SpecialFunctions/Integrals.lean
theorem integral_cos_pow_aux :
    (∫ x in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2)) =
      (cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a + (n + 1) * ∫ x in a..b, cos x ^ n) -
        (n + 1) * ∫ x in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2)

Proof state:
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
h : ∀ (α β γ : ℝ), β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)
hu : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt (fun y => cos y ^ (n + 1)) (-↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) x
⊢ ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2) =
    (cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a + (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ n) -
      (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2)

Tactic:
have hv : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt sin (cos x) x := fun x _ => hasDerivAt_sin x

Result:
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
h : ∀ (α β γ : ℝ), β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)
hu : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt (fun y => cos y ^ (n + 1)) (-↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) x
hv : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt sin (cos x) x
⊢ ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2) =
    (cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a + (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ n) -
      (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2)

Proof state:
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
α β γ : ℝ
⊢ β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)

Tactic:
ring

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case refine_3
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
h : ∀ (α β γ : ℝ), β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)
hu : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt (fun y => cos y ^ (n + 1)) (-↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) x
hv : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt sin (cos x) x
H :
  ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 1) * cos x =
    cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a - ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, -↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n * sin x
⊢ ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2) =
    (cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a + (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ n) -
      (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2)

Tactic:
calc
  (∫ x in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2)) = ∫ x in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 1) * cos x := by
    simp only [_root_.pow_succ]
  _ = C + (n + 1) * ∫ x in a..b, sin x ^ 2 * cos x ^ n := by simp [C, H, h, sq, -neg_add_rev]
  _ = C + (n + 1) * ∫ x in a..b, cos x ^ n - cos x ^ (n + 2) := by
    simp [sin_sq, sub_mul, ← pow_add, add_comm]
  _ = (C + (n + 1) * ∫ x in a..b, cos x ^ n) - (n + 1) * ∫ x in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2) := by
    rw [integral_sub, mul_sub, add_sub_assoc] <;>
      apply Continuous.intervalIntegrable <;> fun_prop

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
h : ∀ (α β γ : ℝ), β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)
x : ℝ
x✝ : x ∈ [[a, b]]
⊢ HasDerivAt (fun y => cos y ^ (n + 1)) (-↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) x

Tactic:
simpa only [mul_right_comm, neg_mul, mul_neg] using (hasDerivAt_cos x).pow (n + 1)

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
⊢ ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2) =
    (cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a + (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ n) -
      (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2)

Tactic:
let C := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a

Result:
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
⊢ ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2) =
    (cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a + (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ n) -
      (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2)

Proof state:
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
h : ∀ (α β γ : ℝ), β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)
hu : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt (fun y => cos y ^ (n + 1)) (-↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) x
hv : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt sin (cos x) x
⊢ ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2) =
    (cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a + (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ n) -
      (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2)

Tactic:
have H := integral_mul_deriv_eq_deriv_mul hu hv ?_ ?_

Result:
case refine_3
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
h : ∀ (α β γ : ℝ), β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)
hu : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt (fun y => cos y ^ (n + 1)) (-↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) x
hv : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt sin (cos x) x
H :
  ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 1) * cos x =
    cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a - ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, -↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n * sin x
⊢ ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2) =
    (cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a + (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ n) -
      (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2)

case refine_1
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
h : ∀ (α β γ : ℝ), β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)
hu : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt (fun y => cos y ^ (n + 1)) (-↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) x
hv : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt sin (cos x) x
⊢ IntervalIntegrable (fun x => -↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) MeasureTheory.volume a b

case refine_2
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
h : ∀ (α β γ : ℝ), β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)
hu : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt (fun y => cos y ^ (n + 1)) (-↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) x
hv : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt sin (cos x) x
⊢ IntervalIntegrable cos MeasureTheory.volume a b

Proof state:
case refine_1
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
h : ∀ (α β γ : ℝ), β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)
hu : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt (fun y => cos y ^ (n + 1)) (-↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) x
hv : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt sin (cos x) x
⊢ IntervalIntegrable (fun x => -↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) MeasureTheory.volume a b

case refine_2
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
h : ∀ (α β γ : ℝ), β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)
hu : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt (fun y => cos y ^ (n + 1)) (-↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) x
hv : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt sin (cos x) x
⊢ IntervalIntegrable cos MeasureTheory.volume a b

Tactic:
all_goals apply Continuous.intervalIntegrable; fun_prop

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case refine_2.hu
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
h : ∀ (α β γ : ℝ), β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)
hu : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt (fun y => cos y ^ (n + 1)) (-↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) x
hv : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt sin (cos x) x
⊢ Continuous cos

Tactic:
fun_prop

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
⊢ ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2) =
    (cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a + (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ n) -
      (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2)

Tactic:
have h : ∀ α β γ : ℝ, β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ) := fun α β γ => by ring

Result:
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
h : ∀ (α β γ : ℝ), β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)
⊢ ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2) =
    (cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a + (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ n) -
      (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2)

Proof state:
a b : ℝ
n : ℕ
C : ℝ := cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a
h : ∀ (α β γ : ℝ), β * α * γ * α = β * (α * α * γ)
hu : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt (fun y => cos y ^ (n + 1)) (-↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n) x
hv : ∀ x ∈ [[a, b]], HasDerivAt sin (cos x) x
H :
  ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 1) * cos x =
    cos b ^ (n + 1) * sin b - cos a ^ (n + 1) * sin a - ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, -↑(n + 1) * sin x * cos x ^ n * sin x
⊢ C + (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ n - cos x ^ (n + 2) =
    (C + (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ n) - (↑n + 1) * ∫ (x : ℝ) in a..b, cos x ^ (n + 2)

Tactic:
rw [integral_sub, mul_sub, add_sub_assoc] <;>
  apply Continuous.intervalIntegrable <;> fun_prop

Result:
no goals