-- Mathlib/FieldTheory/Finite/GaloisField.lean
theorem finrank {n} (h : n ≠ 0) : Module.finrank (ZMod p) (GaloisField p n) = n

Proof state:
case succ
n : ℕ
h : n ≠ 0
n✝ : ℕ
h_prime : Fact (Nat.Prime (n✝ + 1))
this : Fintype (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)
g_poly : (ZMod (n✝ + 1))[X] := X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X
hp : 1 < n✝ + 1
aux : X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X ≠ 0
key : Fintype.card ↑(g_poly.rootSet (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
nat_degree_eq : g_poly.natDegree = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
x : GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n
hx :
  x ∈
    Subring.closure
      (Set.range ⇑(algebraMap (ZMod (n✝ + 1)) (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) ∪
        (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).SplittingField)
⊢ x ∈ (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)

Tactic:
refine Subring.closure_induction ?_ ?_ ?_ ?_ ?_ ?_ hx
  <;> simp_rw [mem_rootSet_of_ne aux]

Result:
case succ.refine_1
n : ℕ
h : n ≠ 0
n✝ : ℕ
h_prime : Fact (Nat.Prime (n✝ + 1))
this : Fintype (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)
g_poly : (ZMod (n✝ + 1))[X] := X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X
hp : 1 < n✝ + 1
aux : X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X ≠ 0
key : Fintype.card ↑(g_poly.rootSet (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
nat_degree_eq : g_poly.natDegree = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
x : GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n
hx :
  x ∈
    Subring.closure
      (Set.range ⇑(algebraMap (ZMod (n✝ + 1)) (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) ∪
        (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).SplittingField)
⊢ ∀
    x ∈
      Set.range ⇑(algebraMap (ZMod (n✝ + 1)) (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) ∪
        (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).SplittingField,
    (aeval x) (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X) = 0

case succ.refine_2
n : ℕ
h : n ≠ 0
n✝ : ℕ
h_prime : Fact (Nat.Prime (n✝ + 1))
this : Fintype (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)
g_poly : (ZMod (n✝ + 1))[X] := X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X
hp : 1 < n✝ + 1
aux : X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X ≠ 0
key : Fintype.card ↑(g_poly.rootSet (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
nat_degree_eq : g_poly.natDegree = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
x : GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n
hx :
  x ∈
    Subring.closure
      (Set.range ⇑(algebraMap (ZMod (n✝ + 1)) (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) ∪
        (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).SplittingField)
⊢ (aeval 0) (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X) = 0

case succ.refine_3
n : ℕ
h : n ≠ 0
n✝ : ℕ
h_prime : Fact (Nat.Prime (n✝ + 1))
this : Fintype (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)
g_poly : (ZMod (n✝ + 1))[X] := X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X
hp : 1 < n✝ + 1
aux : X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X ≠ 0
key : Fintype.card ↑(g_poly.rootSet (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
nat_degree_eq : g_poly.natDegree = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
x : GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n
hx :
  x ∈
    Subring.closure
      (Set.range ⇑(algebraMap (ZMod (n✝ + 1)) (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) ∪
        (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).SplittingField)
⊢ (aeval 1) (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X) = 0

case succ.refine_4
n : ℕ
h : n ≠ 0
n✝ : ℕ
h_prime : Fact (Nat.Prime (n✝ + 1))
this : Fintype (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)
g_poly : (ZMod (n✝ + 1))[X] := X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X
hp : 1 < n✝ + 1
aux : X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X ≠ 0
key : Fintype.card ↑(g_poly.rootSet (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
nat_degree_eq : g_poly.natDegree = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
x : GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n
hx :
  x ∈
    Subring.closure
      (Set.range ⇑(algebraMap (ZMod (n✝ + 1)) (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) ∪
        (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).SplittingField)
⊢ ∀ (x y : GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n),
    x ∈
        Subring.closure
          (Set.range ⇑(algebraMap (ZMod (n✝ + 1)) (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) ∪
            (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).SplittingField) →
      y ∈
          Subring.closure
            (Set.range ⇑(algebraMap (ZMod (n✝ + 1)) (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) ∪
              (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).SplittingField) →
        (aeval x) (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X) = 0 →
          (aeval y) (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X) = 0 → (aeval (x + y)) (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X) = 0

case succ.refine_5
n : ℕ
h : n ≠ 0
n✝ : ℕ
h_prime : Fact (Nat.Prime (n✝ + 1))
this : Fintype (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)
g_poly : (ZMod (n✝ + 1))[X] := X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X
hp : 1 < n✝ + 1
aux : X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X ≠ 0
key : Fintype.card ↑(g_poly.rootSet (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
nat_degree_eq : g_poly.natDegree = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
x : GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n
hx :
  x ∈
    Subring.closure
      (Set.range ⇑(algebraMap (ZMod (n✝ + 1)) (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) ∪
        (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).SplittingField)
⊢ ∀
    x ∈
      Subring.closure
        (Set.range ⇑(algebraMap (ZMod (n✝ + 1)) (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) ∪
          (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).SplittingField),
    (aeval x) (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X) = 0 → (aeval (-x)) (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X) = 0

case succ.refine_6
n : ℕ
h : n ≠ 0
n✝ : ℕ
h_prime : Fact (Nat.Prime (n✝ + 1))
this : Fintype (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)
g_poly : (ZMod (n✝ + 1))[X] := X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X
hp : 1 < n✝ + 1
aux : X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X ≠ 0
key : Fintype.card ↑(g_poly.rootSet (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
nat_degree_eq : g_poly.natDegree = (n✝ + 1) ^ n
x : GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n
hx :
  x ∈
    Subring.closure
      (Set.range ⇑(algebraMap (ZMod (n✝ + 1)) (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) ∪
        (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).SplittingField)
⊢ ∀ (x y : GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n),
    x ∈
        Subring.closure
          (Set.range ⇑(algebraMap (ZMod (n✝ + 1)) (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) ∪
            (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).SplittingField) →
      y ∈
          Subring.closure
            (Set.range ⇑(algebraMap (ZMod (n✝ + 1)) (GaloisField (n✝ + 1) n)) ∪
              (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).rootSet (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X).SplittingField) →
        (aeval x) (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X) = 0 →
          (aeval y) (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X) = 0 → (aeval (x * y)) (X ^ (n✝ + 1) ^ n - X) = 0

Proof state:
p : ℕ
h_prime : Fact (Nat.Prime p)
n : ℕ
h : n ≠ 0
this✝ : Fintype (GaloisField p n)
g_poly : (ZMod p)[X] := X ^ p ^ n - X
hp : 1 < p
aux : g_poly ≠ 0
key : Fintype.card ↑(g_poly.rootSet (GaloisField p n)) = p ^ n
nat_degree_eq : g_poly.natDegree = p ^ n
this : g_poly.rootSet (GaloisField p n) = Set.univ
⊢ Module.finrank (ZMod p) (GaloisField p n) = n

Tactic:
simp_rw [this, ← Fintype.ofEquiv_card (Equiv.Set.univ _)] at key

Result:
p : ℕ
h_prime : Fact (Nat.Prime p)
n : ℕ
h : n ≠ 0
this✝ : Fintype (GaloisField p n)
g_poly : (ZMod p)[X] := X ^ p ^ n - X
hp : 1 < p
aux : g_poly ≠ 0
nat_degree_eq : g_poly.natDegree = p ^ n
this : g_poly.rootSet (GaloisField p n) = Set.univ
key : Fintype.card (GaloisField p n) = p ^ n
⊢ Module.finrank (ZMod p) (GaloisField p n) = n

Proof state:
p : ℕ
h_prime : Fact (Nat.Prime p)
n : ℕ
h : n ≠ 0
this : Fintype (GaloisField p n)
g_poly : (ZMod p)[X] := X ^ p ^ n - X
hp : 1 < p
aux : g_poly ≠ 0
key : Fintype.card ↑(g_poly.rootSet (GaloisField p n)) = g_poly.natDegree
nat_degree_eq : g_poly.natDegree = p ^ n
⊢ Module.finrank (ZMod p) (GaloisField p n) = n

Tactic:
rw [nat_degree_eq] at key

Result:
p : ℕ
h_prime : Fact (Nat.Prime p)
n : ℕ
h : n ≠ 0
this : Fintype (GaloisField p n)
g_poly : (ZMod p)[X] := X ^ p ^ n - X
hp : 1 < p
aux : g_poly ≠ 0
key : Fintype.card ↑(g_poly.rootSet (GaloisField p n)) = p ^ n
nat_degree_eq : g_poly.natDegree = p ^ n
⊢ Module.finrank (ZMod p) (GaloisField p n) = n