-- Mathlib/MeasureTheory/Covering/Vitali.lean
theorem exists_disjoint_subfamily_covering_enlargement_closedBall
    [PseudoMetricSpace α] (t : Set ι)
    (x : ι → α) (r : ι → ℝ) (R : ℝ) (hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R) (τ : ℝ) (hτ : 3 < τ) :
    ∃ u ⊆ t,
      (u.PairwiseDisjoint fun a => closedBall (x a) (r a)) ∧
        ∀ a ∈ t, ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)

Proof state:
case neg.intro.intro.intro.inr.intro
α : Type u_1
ι : Type u_2
inst✝ : PseudoMetricSpace α
t : Set ι
x : ι → α
r : ι → ℝ
R : ℝ
hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R
τ : ℝ
hτ : 3 < τ
h✝ : t.Nonempty
t' : Set ι := {a | a ∈ t ∧ 0 ≤ r a}
u : Set ι
ut' : u ⊆ t'
u_disj : u.PairwiseDisjoint fun a => closedBall (x a) (r a)
hu : ∀ a ∈ t', ∃ b ∈ u, (closedBall (x a) (r a) ∩ closedBall (x b) (r b)).Nonempty ∧ r a ≤ (τ - 1) / 2 * r b
A : ∀ a ∈ t', ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)
a : ι
ha : a ∈ t
h'a : r a < 0
b : ι
rb : b ∈ t ∧ 0 ≤ r b
⊢ ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)

Tactic:
rcases A b ⟨rb.1, rb.2⟩ with ⟨c, cu, _⟩

Result:
case neg.intro.intro.intro.inr.intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
ι : Type u_2
inst✝ : PseudoMetricSpace α
t : Set ι
x : ι → α
r : ι → ℝ
R : ℝ
hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R
τ : ℝ
hτ : 3 < τ
h✝ : t.Nonempty
t' : Set ι := {a | a ∈ t ∧ 0 ≤ r a}
u : Set ι
ut' : u ⊆ t'
u_disj : u.PairwiseDisjoint fun a => closedBall (x a) (r a)
hu : ∀ a ∈ t', ∃ b ∈ u, (closedBall (x a) (r a) ∩ closedBall (x b) (r b)).Nonempty ∧ r a ≤ (τ - 1) / 2 * r b
A : ∀ a ∈ t', ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)
a : ι
ha : a ∈ t
h'a : r a < 0
b : ι
rb : b ∈ t ∧ 0 ≤ r b
c : ι
cu : c ∈ u
right✝ : closedBall (x b) (r b) ⊆ closedBall (x c) (τ * r c)
⊢ ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)

Proof state:
case neg
α : Type u_1
ι : Type u_2
inst✝ : PseudoMetricSpace α
t : Set ι
x : ι → α
r : ι → ℝ
R : ℝ
hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R
τ : ℝ
hτ : 3 < τ
h✝ : t.Nonempty
ht : ∃ a ∈ t, 0 ≤ r a
⊢ ∃ u ⊆ t,
    (u.PairwiseDisjoint fun a => closedBall (x a) (r a)) ∧
      ∀ a ∈ t, ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)

Tactic:
let t' := { a ∈ t | 0 ≤ r a }

Result:
case neg
α : Type u_1
ι : Type u_2
inst✝ : PseudoMetricSpace α
t : Set ι
x : ι → α
r : ι → ℝ
R : ℝ
hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R
τ : ℝ
hτ : 3 < τ
h✝ : t.Nonempty
ht : ∃ a ∈ t, 0 ≤ r a
t' : Set ι := {a | a ∈ t ∧ 0 ≤ r a}
⊢ ∃ u ⊆ t,
    (u.PairwiseDisjoint fun a => closedBall (x a) (r a)) ∧
      ∀ a ∈ t, ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)

Proof state:
case neg.intro.intro.intro.inl
α : Type u_1
ι : Type u_2
inst✝ : PseudoMetricSpace α
t : Set ι
x : ι → α
r : ι → ℝ
R : ℝ
hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R
τ : ℝ
hτ : 3 < τ
h✝ : t.Nonempty
ht : ∃ a ∈ t, 0 ≤ r a
t' : Set ι := {a | a ∈ t ∧ 0 ≤ r a}
u : Set ι
ut' : u ⊆ t'
u_disj : u.PairwiseDisjoint fun a => closedBall (x a) (r a)
hu : ∀ a ∈ t', ∃ b ∈ u, (closedBall (x a) (r a) ∩ closedBall (x b) (r b)).Nonempty ∧ r a ≤ (τ - 1) / 2 * r b
A : ∀ a ∈ t', ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)
a : ι
ha : a ∈ t
h'a : 0 ≤ r a
⊢ ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)

Tactic:
exact A a ⟨ha, h'a⟩

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
ι : Type u_2
inst✝ : PseudoMetricSpace α
t : Set ι
x : ι → α
r : ι → ℝ
R : ℝ
hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R
τ : ℝ
hτ : 3 < τ
h✝ : t.Nonempty
ht : ∀ a ∈ t, r a < 0
a : ι
ha : a ∈ t
b : ι
x✝¹ : b ∈ t
x✝ : a ≠ b
⊢ Disjoint (closedBall (x a) (r a)) (closedBall (x b) (r b))

Tactic:
simp only [Function.onFun, closedBall_eq_empty.2 (ht a ha), empty_disjoint]

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
ι : Type u_2
inst✝ : PseudoMetricSpace α
t : Set ι
x : ι → α
r : ι → ℝ
R : ℝ
hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R
τ : ℝ
hτ : 3 < τ
h✝ : t.Nonempty
ht : ∃ a ∈ t, 0 ≤ r a
t' : Set ι := {a | a ∈ t ∧ 0 ≤ r a}
u : Set ι
ut' : u ⊆ t'
u_disj : u.PairwiseDisjoint fun a => closedBall (x a) (r a)
hu : ∀ a ∈ t', ∃ b ∈ u, (closedBall (x a) (r a) ∩ closedBall (x b) (r b)).Nonempty ∧ r a ≤ (τ - 1) / 2 * r b
a : ι
ha : a ∈ t'
b : ι
bu : b ∈ u
hb : (closedBall (x a) (r a) ∩ closedBall (x b) (r b)).Nonempty
rb : r a ≤ (τ - 1) / 2 * r b
this : dist (x a) (x b) ≤ r a + r b
⊢ closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)

Tactic:
apply closedBall_subset_closedBall'

Result:
case intro.intro.intro.h
α : Type u_1
ι : Type u_2
inst✝ : PseudoMetricSpace α
t : Set ι
x : ι → α
r : ι → ℝ
R : ℝ
hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R
τ : ℝ
hτ : 3 < τ
h✝ : t.Nonempty
ht : ∃ a ∈ t, 0 ≤ r a
t' : Set ι := {a | a ∈ t ∧ 0 ≤ r a}
u : Set ι
ut' : u ⊆ t'
u_disj : u.PairwiseDisjoint fun a => closedBall (x a) (r a)
hu : ∀ a ∈ t', ∃ b ∈ u, (closedBall (x a) (r a) ∩ closedBall (x b) (r b)).Nonempty ∧ r a ≤ (τ - 1) / 2 * r b
a : ι
ha : a ∈ t'
b : ι
bu : b ∈ u
hb : (closedBall (x a) (r a) ∩ closedBall (x b) (r b)).Nonempty
rb : r a ≤ (τ - 1) / 2 * r b
this : dist (x a) (x b) ≤ r a + r b
⊢ r a + dist (x a) (x b) ≤ τ * r b

Proof state:
case neg
α : Type u_1
ι : Type u_2
inst✝ : PseudoMetricSpace α
t : Set ι
x : ι → α
r : ι → ℝ
R : ℝ
hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R
τ : ℝ
hτ : 3 < τ
h✝ : t.Nonempty
ht : ¬∀ a ∈ t, r a < 0
⊢ ∃ u ⊆ t,
    (u.PairwiseDisjoint fun a => closedBall (x a) (r a)) ∧
      ∀ a ∈ t, ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)

Tactic:
push_neg at ht

Result:
case neg
α : Type u_1
ι : Type u_2
inst✝ : PseudoMetricSpace α
t : Set ι
x : ι → α
r : ι → ℝ
R : ℝ
hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R
τ : ℝ
hτ : 3 < τ
h✝ : t.Nonempty
ht : ∃ a ∈ t, 0 ≤ r a
⊢ ∃ u ⊆ t,
    (u.PairwiseDisjoint fun a => closedBall (x a) (r a)) ∧
      ∀ a ∈ t, ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)

Proof state:
case neg.intro.intro.intro.inr.intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
ι : Type u_2
inst✝ : PseudoMetricSpace α
t : Set ι
x : ι → α
r : ι → ℝ
R : ℝ
hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R
τ : ℝ
hτ : 3 < τ
h✝ : t.Nonempty
t' : Set ι := {a | a ∈ t ∧ 0 ≤ r a}
u : Set ι
ut' : u ⊆ t'
u_disj : u.PairwiseDisjoint fun a => closedBall (x a) (r a)
hu : ∀ a ∈ t', ∃ b ∈ u, (closedBall (x a) (r a) ∩ closedBall (x b) (r b)).Nonempty ∧ r a ≤ (τ - 1) / 2 * r b
A : ∀ a ∈ t', ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)
a : ι
ha : a ∈ t
h'a : r a < 0
b : ι
rb : b ∈ t ∧ 0 ≤ r b
c : ι
cu : c ∈ u
right✝ : closedBall (x b) (r b) ⊆ closedBall (x c) (τ * r c)
⊢ ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)

Tactic:
exact ⟨c, cu, by simp only [closedBall_eq_empty.2 h'a, empty_subset]⟩

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
ι : Type u_2
inst✝ : PseudoMetricSpace α
t : Set ι
x : ι → α
r : ι → ℝ
R : ℝ
hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R
τ : ℝ
hτ : 3 < τ
h✝ : t.Nonempty
ht : ∃ a ∈ t, 0 ≤ r a
t' : Set ι := {a | a ∈ t ∧ 0 ≤ r a}
u : Set ι
ut' : u ⊆ t'
u_disj : u.PairwiseDisjoint fun a => closedBall (x a) (r a)
hu : ∀ a ∈ t', ∃ b ∈ u, (closedBall (x a) (r a) ∩ closedBall (x b) (r b)).Nonempty ∧ r a ≤ (τ - 1) / 2 * r b
a : ι
ha : a ∈ t'
⊢ ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)

Tactic:
rcases hu a ha with ⟨b, bu, hb, rb⟩

Result:
case intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
ι : Type u_2
inst✝ : PseudoMetricSpace α
t : Set ι
x : ι → α
r : ι → ℝ
R : ℝ
hr : ∀ a ∈ t, r a ≤ R
τ : ℝ
hτ : 3 < τ
h✝ : t.Nonempty
ht : ∃ a ∈ t, 0 ≤ r a
t' : Set ι := {a | a ∈ t ∧ 0 ≤ r a}
u : Set ι
ut' : u ⊆ t'
u_disj : u.PairwiseDisjoint fun a => closedBall (x a) (r a)
hu : ∀ a ∈ t', ∃ b ∈ u, (closedBall (x a) (r a) ∩ closedBall (x b) (r b)).Nonempty ∧ r a ≤ (τ - 1) / 2 * r b
a : ι
ha : a ∈ t'
b : ι
bu : b ∈ u
hb : (closedBall (x a) (r a) ∩ closedBall (x b) (r b)).Nonempty
rb : r a ≤ (τ - 1) / 2 * r b
⊢ ∃ b ∈ u, closedBall (x a) (r a) ⊆ closedBall (x b) (τ * r b)