-- Mathlib/GroupTheory/HNNExtension.lean
theorem exists_normalWord_prod_eq
    (d : TransversalPair G A B) (w : ReducedWord G A B) :
    ∃ w' : NormalWord d, w'.prod φ = w.prod φ ∧
      w'.toList.map Prod.fst = w.toList.map Prod.fst ∧
      ∀ u ∈ w.toList.head?.map Prod.fst,
      w'.head⁻¹ * w.head ∈ toSubgroup A B (-u)

Proof state:
G : Type u_1
inst✝ : Group G
A B : Subgroup G
φ : ↥A ≃* ↥B
d : TransversalPair G A B
w : ReducedWord G A B
a : ℤˣ × G
l : List (ℤˣ × G)
chain : List.Chain' (fun a b => a.2 ∈ toSubgroup A B a.1 → a.1 = b.1) (a :: l)
w' : NormalWord d
hw'1 : ReducedWord.prod φ w'.toReducedWord = ReducedWord.prod φ { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }
hw'2 : List.map Prod.fst w'.toList = List.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }.toList
hw'3 : ∀ u ∈ Option.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }.toList.head?, w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B (-u)
hS : a.2 * w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B a.1
x : G
hx : w'.toList.head? = some (-a.1, x)
hx' : Option.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }.toList.head? = some (-a.1, x).1
⊢ False

Tactic:
have : w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B a.fst := by
  simpa using hw'3 _ hx'

Result:
G : Type u_1
inst✝ : Group G
A B : Subgroup G
φ : ↥A ≃* ↥B
d : TransversalPair G A B
w : ReducedWord G A B
a : ℤˣ × G
l : List (ℤˣ × G)
chain : List.Chain' (fun a b => a.2 ∈ toSubgroup A B a.1 → a.1 = b.1) (a :: l)
w' : NormalWord d
hw'1 : ReducedWord.prod φ w'.toReducedWord = ReducedWord.prod φ { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }
hw'2 : List.map Prod.fst w'.toList = List.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }.toList
hw'3 : ∀ u ∈ Option.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }.toList.head?, w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B (-u)
hS : a.2 * w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B a.1
x : G
hx : w'.toList.head? = some (-a.1, x)
hx' : Option.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }.toList.head? = some (-a.1, x).1
this : w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B a.1
⊢ False

Proof state:
G : Type u_1
inst✝ : Group G
A B : Subgroup G
φ : ↥A ≃* ↥B
d : TransversalPair G A B
w : ReducedWord G A B
a : ℤˣ × G
l : List (ℤˣ × G)
chain : List.Chain' (fun a b => a.2 ∈ toSubgroup A B a.1 → a.1 = b.1) (a :: l)
w' : NormalWord d
hw'1 : ReducedWord.prod φ w'.toReducedWord = ReducedWord.prod φ { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }
hw'2 : List.map Prod.fst w'.toList = List.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }.toList
hw'3 : ∀ u ∈ Option.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }.toList.head?, w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B (-u)
hS : a.2 * w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B a.1
x : G
hx : w'.toList.head? = some (-a.1, x)
hx' : Option.map Prod.fst w'.toList.head? = Option.map Prod.fst (some (-a.1, x))
⊢ False

Tactic:
rw [← List.head?_map, hw'2, List.head?_map, Option.map_some'] at hx'

Result:
G : Type u_1
inst✝ : Group G
A B : Subgroup G
φ : ↥A ≃* ↥B
d : TransversalPair G A B
w : ReducedWord G A B
a : ℤˣ × G
l : List (ℤˣ × G)
chain : List.Chain' (fun a b => a.2 ∈ toSubgroup A B a.1 → a.1 = b.1) (a :: l)
w' : NormalWord d
hw'1 : ReducedWord.prod φ w'.toReducedWord = ReducedWord.prod φ { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }
hw'2 : List.map Prod.fst w'.toList = List.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }.toList
hw'3 : ∀ u ∈ Option.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }.toList.head?, w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B (-u)
hS : a.2 * w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B a.1
x : G
hx : w'.toList.head? = some (-a.1, x)
hx' : Option.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := l, chain := ⋯ }.toList.head? = some (-a.1, x).1
⊢ False

Proof state:
case pos
G : Type u_1
inst✝ : Group G
A B : Subgroup G
φ : ↥A ≃* ↥B
d : TransversalPair G A B
w : ReducedWord G A B
this :
  ∀ (w : ReducedWord G A B),
    w.head = 1 →
      ∃ w',
        ReducedWord.prod φ w'.toReducedWord = ReducedWord.prod φ w ∧
          List.map Prod.fst w'.toList = List.map Prod.fst w.toList ∧
            ∀ u ∈ Option.map Prod.fst w.toList.head?, w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B (-u)
hw1 : w.head = 1
⊢ ∃ w',
    ReducedWord.prod φ w'.toReducedWord = ReducedWord.prod φ w ∧
      List.map Prod.fst w'.toList = List.map Prod.fst w.toList ∧
        ∀ u ∈ Option.map Prod.fst w.toList.head?, w'.head⁻¹ * w.head ∈ toSubgroup A B (-u)

Tactic:
simp only [hw1, inv_mem_iff, mul_one]

Result:
case pos
G : Type u_1
inst✝ : Group G
A B : Subgroup G
φ : ↥A ≃* ↥B
d : TransversalPair G A B
w : ReducedWord G A B
this :
  ∀ (w : ReducedWord G A B),
    w.head = 1 →
      ∃ w',
        ReducedWord.prod φ w'.toReducedWord = ReducedWord.prod φ w ∧
          List.map Prod.fst w'.toList = List.map Prod.fst w.toList ∧
            ∀ u ∈ Option.map Prod.fst w.toList.head?, w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B (-u)
hw1 : w.head = 1
⊢ ∃ w',
    ReducedWord.prod φ w'.toReducedWord = ReducedWord.prod φ w ∧
      List.map Prod.fst w'.toList = List.map Prod.fst w.toList ∧
        ∀ u ∈ Option.map Prod.fst w.toList.head?, w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B (-u)

Proof state:
G : Type u_1
inst✝ : Group G
A B : Subgroup G
φ : ↥A ≃* ↥B
d : TransversalPair G A B
w : ReducedWord G A B
chain : List.Chain' (fun a b => a.2 ∈ toSubgroup A B a.1 → a.1 = b.1) []
⊢ ReducedWord.prod φ { head := 1, toList := [], chain := ⋯, mem_set := ⋯ }.toReducedWord =
      ReducedWord.prod φ { head := 1, toList := [], chain := chain } ∧
    List.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := [], chain := ⋯, mem_set := ⋯ }.toList =
        List.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := [], chain := chain }.toList ∧
      ∀ u ∈ Option.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := [], chain := chain }.toList.head?,
        { head := 1, toList := [], chain := ⋯, mem_set := ⋯ }.head ∈ toSubgroup A B (-u)

Tactic:
simp [prod]

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case neg.intro
G : Type u_1
inst✝ : Group G
A B : Subgroup G
φ : ↥A ≃* ↥B
d : TransversalPair G A B
w : ReducedWord G A B
this :
  ∀ (w : ReducedWord G A B),
    w.head = 1 →
      ∃ w',
        ReducedWord.prod φ w'.toReducedWord = ReducedWord.prod φ w ∧
          List.map Prod.fst w'.toList = List.map Prod.fst w.toList ∧
            ∀ u ∈ Option.map Prod.fst w.toList.head?, w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B (-u)
hw1 : ¬w.head = 1
w' : NormalWord d
hw' :
  ReducedWord.prod φ w'.toReducedWord = ReducedWord.prod φ { head := 1, toList := w.toList, chain := ⋯ } ∧
    List.map Prod.fst w'.toList = List.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := w.toList, chain := ⋯ }.toList ∧
      ∀ u ∈ Option.map Prod.fst { head := 1, toList := w.toList, chain := ⋯ }.toList.head?,
        w'.head ∈ toSubgroup A B (-u)
⊢ ∃ w',
    ReducedWord.prod φ w'.toReducedWord = ReducedWord.prod φ w ∧
      List.map Prod.fst w'.toList = List.map Prod.fst w.toList ∧
        ∀ u ∈ Option.map Prod.fst w.toList.head?, w'.head⁻¹ * w.head ∈ toSubgroup A B (-u)

Tactic:
exact ⟨w.head • w', by
  simpa [ReducedWord.prod, mul_assoc] using hw'⟩

Result:
no goals