-- Mathlib/AlgebraicGeometry/Morphisms/QuasiSeparated.lean
theorem exists_eq_pow_mul_of_isCompact_of_isQuasiSeparated (X : Scheme.{u}) (U : X.Opens)
    (hU : IsCompact U.1) (hU' : IsQuasiSeparated U.1) (f : Γ(X, U)) (x : Γ(X, X.basicOpen f)) :
    ∃ (n : ℕ) (y : Γ(X, U)), y |_ X.basicOpen f = (f |_ X.basicOpen f) ^ n * x

Proof state:
case refine_1
X : Scheme
U : X.Opens
hU : IsCompact U.carrier
⊢ IsQuasiSeparated ⊥.carrier →
    ∀ (f : ↑Γ(X, ⊥)) (x : ↑Γ(X, X.basicOpen f)),
      ∃ n y,
        (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y =
          (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f ^ n * x

Tactic:
intro _ f x

Result:
case refine_1
X : Scheme
U : X.Opens
hU : IsCompact U.carrier
hU'✝ : IsQuasiSeparated ⊥.carrier
f : ↑Γ(X, ⊥)
x : ↑Γ(X, X.basicOpen f)
⊢ ∃ n y,
    (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y =
      (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f ^ n * x

Proof state:
X : Scheme
U : X.Opens
hU : IsCompact U.carrier
hU' : IsQuasiSeparated U.carrier
f : ↑Γ(X, U)
x : ↑Γ(X, X.basicOpen f)
⊢ ∃ n y, (y |_ X.basicOpen f) ⋯ = (f |_ X.basicOpen f) ⋯ ^ n * x

Tactic:
dsimp only [TopCat.Presheaf.restrictOpenCommRingCat_apply]

Result:
X : Scheme
U : X.Opens
hU : IsCompact U.carrier
hU' : IsQuasiSeparated U.carrier
f : ↑Γ(X, U)
x : ↑Γ(X, X.basicOpen f)
⊢ ∃ n y,
    (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y =
      (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f ^ n * x

Proof state:
case refine_2.intro.intro.intro.intro.intro.intro.intro
X : Scheme
U✝ : X.Opens
hU✝ : IsCompact U✝.carrier
S : X.Opens
hS : IsCompact S.carrier
U : ↑X.affineOpens
hU :
  IsQuasiSeparated S.carrier →
    ∀ (f : ↑Γ(X, S)) (x : ↑Γ(X, X.basicOpen f)),
      ∃ n y,
        (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y =
          (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f ^ n * x
hSU : IsQuasiSeparated (S ⊔ ↑U).carrier
f : ↑Γ(X, S ⊔ ↑U)
x : ↑Γ(X, X.basicOpen f)
n₁ : ℕ
y₁ : ↑Γ(X, S)
hy₁ :
  (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y₁ =
    (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) ((ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f) ^
        n₁ *
      (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ?m.146054).op)) x
n₂ : ℕ
y₂ : ↑Γ(X, ↑U)
hy₂ :
  (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y₂ =
    (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) ((ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f) ^
        n₂ *
      (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ?m.146890).op)) x
s : Set ↑X.affineOpens
hs' : s.Finite
this : Finite ↑s
val✝ : Fintype ↑s
hs : S ⊓ ↑U = ⨆ i, ↑↑i
hs₁ : ∀ (i : ↑s), ↑↑i ≤ S
⊢ ∃ n y,
    (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y =
      (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f ^ n * x

Tactic:
have hs₂ : ∀ i : s, i.1.1 ≤ U.1 := by
  intro i; change (i : X.Opens) ≤ U
  refine le_trans ?_ (inf_le_right (a := S))
  rw [hs]
  exact le_iSup (fun (i : s) => (i : X.Opens)) i

Result:
case refine_2.intro.intro.intro.intro.intro.intro.intro
X : Scheme
U✝ : X.Opens
hU✝ : IsCompact U✝.carrier
S : X.Opens
hS : IsCompact S.carrier
U : ↑X.affineOpens
hU :
  IsQuasiSeparated S.carrier →
    ∀ (f : ↑Γ(X, S)) (x : ↑Γ(X, X.basicOpen f)),
      ∃ n y,
        (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y =
          (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f ^ n * x
hSU : IsQuasiSeparated (S ⊔ ↑U).carrier
f : ↑Γ(X, S ⊔ ↑U)
x : ↑Γ(X, X.basicOpen f)
n₁ : ℕ
y₁ : ↑Γ(X, S)
hy₁ :
  (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y₁ =
    (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) ((ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f) ^
        n₁ *
      (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ?m.146054).op)) x
n₂ : ℕ
y₂ : ↑Γ(X, ↑U)
hy₂ :
  (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y₂ =
    (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) ((ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f) ^
        n₂ *
      (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ?m.146890).op)) x
s : Set ↑X.affineOpens
hs' : s.Finite
this : Finite ↑s
val✝ : Fintype ↑s
hs : S ⊓ ↑U = ⨆ i, ↑↑i
hs₁ : ∀ (i : ↑s), ↑↑i ≤ S
hs₂ : ∀ (i : ↑s), ↑↑i ≤ ↑U
⊢ ∃ n y,
    (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y =
      (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f ^ n * x

Proof state:
X : Scheme
U : X.Opens
hU : IsCompact U.carrier
⊢ IsQuasiSeparated U.carrier →
    ∀ (f : ↑Γ(X, U)) (x : ↑Γ(X, X.basicOpen f)),
      ∃ n y,
        (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y =
          (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f ^ n * x

Tactic:
refine compact_open_induction_on U hU ?_ ?_

Result:
case refine_1
X : Scheme
U : X.Opens
hU : IsCompact U.carrier
⊢ IsQuasiSeparated ⊥.carrier →
    ∀ (f : ↑Γ(X, ⊥)) (x : ↑Γ(X, X.basicOpen f)),
      ∃ n y,
        (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y =
          (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f ^ n * x

case refine_2
X : Scheme
U : X.Opens
hU : IsCompact U.carrier
⊢ ∀ (S : X.Opens),
    IsCompact S.carrier →
      ∀ (U : ↑X.affineOpens),
        (IsQuasiSeparated S.carrier →
            ∀ (f : ↑Γ(X, S)) (x : ↑Γ(X, X.basicOpen f)),
              ∃ n y,
                (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y =
                  (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f ^ n * x) →
          IsQuasiSeparated (S ⊔ ↑U).carrier →
            ∀ (f : ↑Γ(X, S ⊔ ↑U)) (x : ↑Γ(X, X.basicOpen f)),
              ∃ n y,
                (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) y =
                  (ConcreteCategory.hom (X.presheaf.map (homOfLE ⋯).op)) f ^ n * x