-- Mathlib/RingTheory/Unramified/Field.lean
theorem range_eq_top_of_isPurelyInseparable
    [IsPurelyInseparable K L] : (algebraMap K L).range = ⊤

Proof state:
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
⊢ ⊤ ≤ (algebraMap K L).range

Tactic:
intro x _

Result:
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
x : L
a✝ : x ∈ ⊤
⊢ x ∈ (algebraMap K L).range

Proof state:
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
⊢ (algebraMap K L).range = ⊤

Tactic:
have : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L) := by
  rw [← not_subsingleton_iff_nontrivial, ← rank_zero_iff (R := K), rank_tensorProduct',
    mul_eq_zero, or_self, rank_zero_iff, not_subsingleton_iff_nontrivial]
  infer_instance

Result:
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
⊢ (algebraMap K L).range = ⊤

Proof state:
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
⊢ Nontrivial L

Tactic:
infer_instance

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case intro
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this✝ : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
x : L
a✝ : x ∈ ⊤
n : ℕ
hn : x ^ ringExpChar K ^ n ∈ (algebraMap K L).range
this : ExpChar (L ⊗[K] L) (ringExpChar K)
⊢ x ∈ (algebraMap K L).range

Tactic:
have : (1 ⊗ₜ x - x ⊗ₜ 1 : L ⊗[K] L) ^ (ringExpChar K) ^ n = 0 := by
  rw [sub_pow_expChar_pow, TensorProduct.tmul_pow, one_pow, TensorProduct.tmul_pow, one_pow]
  obtain ⟨r, hr⟩ := hn
  rw [← hr, algebraMap_eq_smul_one, TensorProduct.smul_tmul, sub_self]

Result:
case intro
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this✝¹ : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
x : L
a✝ : x ∈ ⊤
n : ℕ
hn : x ^ ringExpChar K ^ n ∈ (algebraMap K L).range
this✝ : ExpChar (L ⊗[K] L) (ringExpChar K)
this : (1 ⊗ₜ[K] x - x ⊗ₜ[K] 1) ^ ringExpChar K ^ n = 0
⊢ x ∈ (algebraMap K L).range

Proof state:
case h
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this✝² : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
x : L
a✝ : x ∈ ⊤
n : ℕ
hn : x ^ ringExpChar K ^ n ∈ (algebraMap K L).range
this✝¹ : ExpChar (L ⊗[K] L) (ringExpChar K)
this✝ : (1 ⊗ₜ[K] x - x ⊗ₜ[K] 1) ^ ringExpChar K ^ n = 0
H : 1 ⊗ₜ[K] x = x ⊗ₜ[K] 1
a b : K
e : a • 1 + b • x = 0
hab : a = 0 → ¬b = 0
this : IsUnit b
⊢ (algebraMap K L) (-↑this.unit⁻¹ * a) = x

Tactic:
rw [map_mul, ← Algebra.smul_def, algebraMap_eq_smul_one, eq_neg_iff_add_eq_zero.mpr e,
  smul_neg, neg_smul, neg_neg, smul_smul, this.val_inv_mul, one_smul]

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this✝¹ : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
x : L
a✝ : x ∈ ⊤
n : ℕ
hn : x ^ ringExpChar K ^ n ∈ (algebraMap K L).range
this✝ : ExpChar (L ⊗[K] L) (ringExpChar K)
this : (1 ⊗ₜ[K] x - x ⊗ₜ[K] 1) ^ ringExpChar K ^ n = 0
H : 1 ⊗ₜ[K] x = x ⊗ₜ[K] 1
a : K
e : a = 0
hab : a = 0 → ¬0 = 0
⊢ False

Tactic:
cases hab e rfl

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
⊢ Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)

Tactic:
rw [← not_subsingleton_iff_nontrivial, ← rank_zero_iff (R := K), rank_tensorProduct',
  mul_eq_zero, or_self, rank_zero_iff, not_subsingleton_iff_nontrivial]

Result:
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
⊢ Nontrivial L

Proof state:
case intro
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this✝ : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
x : L
a✝ : x ∈ ⊤
n : ℕ
this : ExpChar (L ⊗[K] L) (ringExpChar K)
r : K
hr : (algebraMap K L) r = x ^ ringExpChar K ^ n
⊢ 1 ⊗ₜ[K] (x ^ ringExpChar K ^ n) - (x ^ ringExpChar K ^ n) ⊗ₜ[K] 1 = 0

Tactic:
rw [← hr, algebraMap_eq_smul_one, TensorProduct.smul_tmul, sub_self]

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case intro
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this✝¹ : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
x : L
a✝ : x ∈ ⊤
n : ℕ
hn : x ^ ringExpChar K ^ n ∈ (algebraMap K L).range
this✝ : ExpChar (L ⊗[K] L) (ringExpChar K)
this : (1 ⊗ₜ[K] x - x ⊗ₜ[K] 1) ^ ringExpChar K ^ n = 0
H : 1 ⊗ₜ[K] x = x ⊗ₜ[K] 1
⊢ x ∈ (algebraMap K L).range

Tactic:
by_cases h' : LinearIndependent K ![1, x]

Result:
case pos
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this✝¹ : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
x : L
a✝ : x ∈ ⊤
n : ℕ
hn : x ^ ringExpChar K ^ n ∈ (algebraMap K L).range
this✝ : ExpChar (L ⊗[K] L) (ringExpChar K)
this : (1 ⊗ₜ[K] x - x ⊗ₜ[K] 1) ^ ringExpChar K ^ n = 0
H : 1 ⊗ₜ[K] x = x ⊗ₜ[K] 1
h' : LinearIndependent K ![1, x]
⊢ x ∈ (algebraMap K L).range

case neg
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this✝¹ : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
x : L
a✝ : x ∈ ⊤
n : ℕ
hn : x ^ ringExpChar K ^ n ∈ (algebraMap K L).range
this✝ : ExpChar (L ⊗[K] L) (ringExpChar K)
this : (1 ⊗ₜ[K] x - x ⊗ₜ[K] 1) ^ ringExpChar K ^ n = 0
H : 1 ⊗ₜ[K] x = x ⊗ₜ[K] 1
h' : ¬LinearIndependent K ![1, x]
⊢ x ∈ (algebraMap K L).range

Proof state:
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
⊢ (algebraMap K L).range = ⊤

Tactic:
rw [← top_le_iff]

Result:
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
⊢ ⊤ ≤ (algebraMap K L).range

Proof state:
case intro
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this✝¹ : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
x : L
a✝ : x ∈ ⊤
n : ℕ
hn : x ^ ringExpChar K ^ n ∈ (algebraMap K L).range
this✝ : ExpChar (L ⊗[K] L) (ringExpChar K)
this : (1 ⊗ₜ[K] x - x ⊗ₜ[K] 1) ^ ringExpChar K ^ n = 0
⊢ x ∈ (algebraMap K L).range

Tactic:
have H : (1 ⊗ₜ x : L ⊗[K] L) = x ⊗ₜ 1 := by
  have inst : IsReduced (L ⊗[K] L) := isReduced_of_field L _
  exact sub_eq_zero.mp (IsNilpotent.eq_zero ⟨_, this⟩)

Result:
case intro
K : Type u_1
L : Type u_3
inst✝⁵ : Field K
inst✝⁴ : Field L
inst✝³ : Algebra K L
inst✝² : FormallyUnramified K L
inst✝¹ : EssFiniteType K L
inst✝ : IsPurelyInseparable K L
this✝¹ : Nontrivial (L ⊗[K] L)
x : L
a✝ : x ∈ ⊤
n : ℕ
hn : x ^ ringExpChar K ^ n ∈ (algebraMap K L).range
this✝ : ExpChar (L ⊗[K] L) (ringExpChar K)
this : (1 ⊗ₜ[K] x - x ⊗ₜ[K] 1) ^ ringExpChar K ^ n = 0
H : 1 ⊗ₜ[K] x = x ⊗ₜ[K] 1
⊢ x ∈ (algebraMap K L).range