-- Mathlib/LinearAlgebra/Matrix/Block.lean
theorem BlockTriangular.det [DecidableEq α] [LinearOrder α] (hM : BlockTriangular M b) :
    M.det = ∏ a ∈ univ.image b, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det

Proof state:
case H.inr
α : Type u_1
R : Type v
inst✝⁴ : CommRing R
inst✝³ : DecidableEq α
inst✝² : LinearOrder α
m : Type u_3
M : Matrix m m R
b : m → α
inst✝¹ : DecidableEq m
inst✝ : Fintype m
hM : M.BlockTriangular b
ih :
  ∀ t ⊂ image b univ,
    ∀ {m : Type u_3} {M : Matrix m m R} {b : m → α} [inst : DecidableEq m] [inst_1 : Fintype m],
      M.BlockTriangular b → image b univ = t → M.det = ∏ a ∈ t, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det
h✝ : Nonempty m
k : α := (image b univ).max' ⋯
this : image b univ = insert k ((image b univ).erase k)
b' : { a // b a ≠ k } → α := fun i => b ↑i
h' : (M.toSquareBlockProp fun i => b i ≠ k).BlockTriangular b'
hb' : image b' univ = (image b univ).erase k
l : α
hl : l ∈ (image b univ).erase k
he : { a // b' a = l } ≃ { a // b a = l } := Equiv.subtypeSubtypeEquivSubtype ⋯
⊢ ((M.toSquareBlockProp fun i => b i ≠ k).toSquareBlock b' l).det = (M.toSquareBlock b l).det

Tactic:
simp only [toSquareBlock_def]

Result:
case H.inr
α : Type u_1
R : Type v
inst✝⁴ : CommRing R
inst✝³ : DecidableEq α
inst✝² : LinearOrder α
m : Type u_3
M : Matrix m m R
b : m → α
inst✝¹ : DecidableEq m
inst✝ : Fintype m
hM : M.BlockTriangular b
ih :
  ∀ t ⊂ image b univ,
    ∀ {m : Type u_3} {M : Matrix m m R} {b : m → α} [inst : DecidableEq m] [inst_1 : Fintype m],
      M.BlockTriangular b → image b univ = t → M.det = ∏ a ∈ t, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det
h✝ : Nonempty m
k : α := (image b univ).max' ⋯
this : image b univ = insert k ((image b univ).erase k)
b' : { a // b a ≠ k } → α := fun i => b ↑i
h' : (M.toSquareBlockProp fun i => b i ≠ k).BlockTriangular b'
hb' : image b' univ = (image b univ).erase k
l : α
hl : l ∈ (image b univ).erase k
he : { a // b' a = l } ≃ { a // b a = l } := Equiv.subtypeSubtypeEquivSubtype ⋯
⊢ (of fun i j => M.toSquareBlockProp (fun i => b i ≠ k) ↑i ↑j).det = (of fun i j => M ↑i ↑j).det

Proof state:
case H.inr
α : Type u_1
R : Type v
inst✝⁴ : CommRing R
inst✝³ : DecidableEq α
inst✝² : LinearOrder α
m : Type u_3
M : Matrix m m R
b : m → α
inst✝¹ : DecidableEq m
inst✝ : Fintype m
hM : M.BlockTriangular b
ih :
  ∀ t ⊂ image b univ,
    ∀ {m : Type u_3} {M : Matrix m m R} {b : m → α} [inst : DecidableEq m] [inst_1 : Fintype m],
      M.BlockTriangular b → image b univ = t → M.det = ∏ a ∈ t, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det
h✝ : Nonempty m
⊢ M.det = ∏ a ∈ image b univ, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det

Tactic:
let k := (univ.image b).max' (univ_nonempty.image _)

Result:
case H.inr
α : Type u_1
R : Type v
inst✝⁴ : CommRing R
inst✝³ : DecidableEq α
inst✝² : LinearOrder α
m : Type u_3
M : Matrix m m R
b : m → α
inst✝¹ : DecidableEq m
inst✝ : Fintype m
hM : M.BlockTriangular b
ih :
  ∀ t ⊂ image b univ,
    ∀ {m : Type u_3} {M : Matrix m m R} {b : m → α} [inst : DecidableEq m] [inst_1 : Fintype m],
      M.BlockTriangular b → image b univ = t → M.det = ∏ a ∈ t, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det
h✝ : Nonempty m
k : α := (image b univ).max' ⋯
⊢ M.det = ∏ a ∈ image b univ, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det

Proof state:
case H.inr
α : Type u_1
R : Type v
inst✝⁴ : CommRing R
inst✝³ : DecidableEq α
inst✝² : LinearOrder α
m : Type u_3
M : Matrix m m R
b : m → α
inst✝¹ : DecidableEq m
inst✝ : Fintype m
hM : M.BlockTriangular b
ih :
  ∀ t ⊂ image b univ,
    ∀ {m : Type u_3} {M : Matrix m m R} {b : m → α} [inst : DecidableEq m] [inst_1 : Fintype m],
      M.BlockTriangular b → image b univ = t → M.det = ∏ a ∈ t, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det
h✝ : Nonempty m
k : α := (image b univ).max' ⋯
this : image b univ = insert k ((image b univ).erase k)
b' : { a // b a ≠ k } → α := fun i => b ↑i
⊢ (M.toSquareBlockProp fun i => ¬b i = k).det = ∏ x ∈ (image b univ).erase k, (M.toSquareBlock b x).det

Tactic:
have h' : BlockTriangular (M.toSquareBlockProp fun i => b i ≠ k) b' := hM.submatrix

Result:
case H.inr
α : Type u_1
R : Type v
inst✝⁴ : CommRing R
inst✝³ : DecidableEq α
inst✝² : LinearOrder α
m : Type u_3
M : Matrix m m R
b : m → α
inst✝¹ : DecidableEq m
inst✝ : Fintype m
hM : M.BlockTriangular b
ih :
  ∀ t ⊂ image b univ,
    ∀ {m : Type u_3} {M : Matrix m m R} {b : m → α} [inst : DecidableEq m] [inst_1 : Fintype m],
      M.BlockTriangular b → image b univ = t → M.det = ∏ a ∈ t, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det
h✝ : Nonempty m
k : α := (image b univ).max' ⋯
this : image b univ = insert k ((image b univ).erase k)
b' : { a // b a ≠ k } → α := fun i => b ↑i
h' : (M.toSquareBlockProp fun i => b i ≠ k).BlockTriangular b'
⊢ (M.toSquareBlockProp fun i => ¬b i = k).det = ∏ x ∈ (image b univ).erase k, (M.toSquareBlock b x).det

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
R : Type v
inst✝⁴ : CommRing R
inst✝³ : DecidableEq α
inst✝² : LinearOrder α
m : Type u_3
M : Matrix m m R
b : m → α
inst✝¹ : DecidableEq m
inst✝ : Fintype m
hM : M.BlockTriangular b
ih :
  ∀ t ⊂ image b univ,
    ∀ {m : Type u_3} {M : Matrix m m R} {b : m → α} [inst : DecidableEq m] [inst_1 : Fintype m],
      M.BlockTriangular b → image b univ = t → M.det = ∏ a ∈ t, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det
h✝ : Nonempty m
k : α := (image b univ).max' ⋯
⊢ k ∈ image b univ

Tactic:
apply max'_mem

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case H.inr
α : Type u_1
R : Type v
inst✝⁴ : CommRing R
inst✝³ : DecidableEq α
inst✝² : LinearOrder α
m : Type u_3
M : Matrix m m R
b : m → α
inst✝¹ : DecidableEq m
inst✝ : Fintype m
hM : M.BlockTriangular b
ih :
  ∀ t ⊂ image b univ,
    ∀ {m : Type u_3} {M : Matrix m m R} {b : m → α} [inst : DecidableEq m] [inst_1 : Fintype m],
      M.BlockTriangular b → image b univ = t → M.det = ∏ a ∈ t, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det
h✝ : Nonempty m
k : α := (image b univ).max' ⋯
this : image b univ = insert k ((image b univ).erase k)
⊢ (M.toSquareBlockProp fun i => b i = k).det * (M.toSquareBlockProp fun i => ¬b i = k).det =
    (M.toSquareBlock b k).det * ∏ x ∈ (image b univ).erase k, (M.toSquareBlock b x).det

Tactic:
refine congr_arg _ ?_

Result:
case H.inr
α : Type u_1
R : Type v
inst✝⁴ : CommRing R
inst✝³ : DecidableEq α
inst✝² : LinearOrder α
m : Type u_3
M : Matrix m m R
b : m → α
inst✝¹ : DecidableEq m
inst✝ : Fintype m
hM : M.BlockTriangular b
ih :
  ∀ t ⊂ image b univ,
    ∀ {m : Type u_3} {M : Matrix m m R} {b : m → α} [inst : DecidableEq m] [inst_1 : Fintype m],
      M.BlockTriangular b → image b univ = t → M.det = ∏ a ∈ t, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det
h✝ : Nonempty m
k : α := (image b univ).max' ⋯
this : image b univ = insert k ((image b univ).erase k)
⊢ (M.toSquareBlockProp fun i => ¬b i = k).det = ∏ x ∈ (image b univ).erase k, (M.toSquareBlock b x).det

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
R : Type v
inst✝⁴ : CommRing R
inst✝³ : DecidableEq α
inst✝² : LinearOrder α
m : Type u_3
M : Matrix m m R
b : m → α
inst✝¹ : DecidableEq m
inst✝ : Fintype m
hM : M.BlockTriangular b
ih :
  ∀ t ⊂ image b univ,
    ∀ {m : Type u_3} {M : Matrix m m R} {b : m → α} [inst : DecidableEq m] [inst_1 : Fintype m],
      M.BlockTriangular b → image b univ = t → M.det = ∏ a ∈ t, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det
h✝ : Nonempty m
k : α := (image b univ).max' ⋯
⊢ image b univ = insert k ((image b univ).erase k)

Tactic:
rw [insert_erase]

Result:
α : Type u_1
R : Type v
inst✝⁴ : CommRing R
inst✝³ : DecidableEq α
inst✝² : LinearOrder α
m : Type u_3
M : Matrix m m R
b : m → α
inst✝¹ : DecidableEq m
inst✝ : Fintype m
hM : M.BlockTriangular b
ih :
  ∀ t ⊂ image b univ,
    ∀ {m : Type u_3} {M : Matrix m m R} {b : m → α} [inst : DecidableEq m] [inst_1 : Fintype m],
      M.BlockTriangular b → image b univ = t → M.det = ∏ a ∈ t, (M.toSquareBlock b a).det
h✝ : Nonempty m
k : α := (image b univ).max' ⋯
⊢ k ∈ image b univ