-- Mathlib/Data/Nat/Choose/Sum.lean
theorem add_pow (h : Commute x y) (n : ℕ) :
    (x + y) ^ n = ∑ m ∈ range (n + 1), x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * n.choose m

Proof state:
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
⊢ (x + y) ^ n = ∑ m ∈ range (n + 1), t n m

Tactic:
have h_last : ∀ n, t n n.succ = 0 := fun n ↦ by
  simp only [t, choose_succ_self, cast_zero, mul_zero]

Result:
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
⊢ (x + y) ^ n = ∑ m ∈ range (n + 1), t n m

Proof state:
case pos
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n✝ : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
n i : ℕ
h_mem : i ∈ range n.succ
h_le : i ≤ n
h_eq : i = n
⊢ x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n.succ - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ) = x ^ i.succ * y * y ^ (n - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ)

Tactic:
rw [h_eq, choose_succ_self, cast_zero, mul_zero, mul_zero]

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case succ
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
h_middle : ∀ (n i : ℕ), i ∈ range n.succ → t n.succ i.succ = x * t n i + y * t n i.succ
n : ℕ
ih : (x + y) ^ n = ∑ m ∈ range (n + 1), t n m
⊢ ∑ i ∈ range (n + 1), x * t n i + ∑ i ∈ range (n + 1), y * t n i =
    ∑ x_1 ∈ range n.succ, x * t n x_1 + (∑ x ∈ range n.succ, y * t n x.succ + y ^ (n + 1))

Tactic:
congr 1

Result:
case succ.e_a
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
h_middle : ∀ (n i : ℕ), i ∈ range n.succ → t n.succ i.succ = x * t n i + y * t n i.succ
n : ℕ
ih : (x + y) ^ n = ∑ m ∈ range (n + 1), t n m
⊢ ∑ i ∈ range (n + 1), y * t n i = ∑ x ∈ range n.succ, y * t n x.succ + y ^ (n + 1)

Proof state:
case e_a
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n✝ : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
n i : ℕ
h_mem : i ∈ range n.succ
h_le : i ≤ n
⊢ x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n.succ - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ) = x ^ i.succ * y * y ^ (n - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ)

Tactic:
by_cases h_eq : i = n

Result:
case pos
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n✝ : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
n i : ℕ
h_mem : i ∈ range n.succ
h_le : i ≤ n
h_eq : i = n
⊢ x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n.succ - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ) = x ^ i.succ * y * y ^ (n - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ)

case neg
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n✝ : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
n i : ℕ
h_mem : i ∈ range n.succ
h_le : i ≤ n
h_eq : ¬i = n
⊢ x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n.succ - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ) = x ^ i.succ * y * y ^ (n - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ)

Proof state:
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n✝ : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
n i : ℕ
h_mem : i ∈ range n.succ
h_le : i ≤ n
⊢ t n.succ i.succ = x * t n i + y * t n i.succ

Tactic:
dsimp only [t]

Result:
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n✝ : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
n i : ℕ
h_mem : i ∈ range n.succ
h_le : i ≤ n
⊢ x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n.succ - i.succ) * ↑(n.succ.choose i.succ) =
    x * (x ^ i * y ^ (n - i) * ↑(n.choose i)) + y * (x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ))

Proof state:
case neg
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n✝ : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
n i : ℕ
h_mem : i ∈ range n.succ
h_le : i ≤ n
h_eq : ¬i = n
⊢ x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n.succ - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ) = x ^ i.succ * y * y ^ (n - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ)

Tactic:
rw [succ_sub (lt_of_le_of_ne h_le h_eq)]

Result:
case neg
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n✝ : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
n i : ℕ
h_mem : i ∈ range n.succ
h_le : i ≤ n
h_eq : ¬i = n
⊢ x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n - i.succ).succ * ↑(n.choose i.succ) = x ^ i.succ * y * y ^ (n - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ)

Proof state:
case neg
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n✝ : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
n i : ℕ
h_mem : i ∈ range n.succ
h_le : i ≤ n
h_eq : ¬i = n
⊢ x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n - i.succ).succ * ↑(n.choose i.succ) = x ^ i.succ * y * y ^ (n - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ)

Tactic:
rw [pow_succ' y, mul_assoc, mul_assoc, mul_assoc, mul_assoc]

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
⊢ (x + y) ^ n = ∑ m ∈ range (n + 1), t n m

Tactic:
have h_first : ∀ n, t n 0 = y ^ n := fun n ↦ by
  simp only [t, choose_zero_right, pow_zero, cast_one, mul_one, one_mul, tsub_zero]

Result:
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
⊢ (x + y) ^ n = ∑ m ∈ range (n + 1), t n m

Proof state:
case e_a
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n✝ : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
n i : ℕ
h_mem : i ∈ range n.succ
h_le : i ≤ n
⊢ x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n.succ - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i) = x * (x ^ i * y ^ (n - i) * ↑(n.choose i))

Tactic:
rw [pow_succ' x, succ_sub_succ, mul_assoc, mul_assoc, mul_assoc]

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
⊢ ∀ (n i : ℕ), i ∈ range n.succ → t n.succ i.succ = x * t n i + y * t n i.succ

Tactic:
intro n i h_mem

Result:
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n✝ : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
n i : ℕ
h_mem : i ∈ range n.succ
⊢ t n.succ i.succ = x * t n i + y * t n i.succ

Proof state:
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n✝ : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
n i : ℕ
h_mem : i ∈ range n.succ
h_le : i ≤ n
⊢ x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n.succ - i.succ) * ↑(n.succ.choose i.succ) =
    x * (x ^ i * y ^ (n - i) * ↑(n.choose i)) + y * (x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ))

Tactic:
rw [choose_succ_succ, cast_add, mul_add]

Result:
R : Type u_1
inst✝ : Semiring R
x y : R
h : Commute x y
n✝ : ℕ
t : ℕ → ℕ → R := fun n m => x ^ m * y ^ (n - m) * ↑(n.choose m)
h_first : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n 0 = y ^ n
h_last : ∀ (n : ℕ), t n n.succ = 0
n i : ℕ
h_mem : i ∈ range n.succ
h_le : i ≤ n
⊢ x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n.succ - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i) + x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n.succ - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ) =
    x * (x ^ i * y ^ (n - i) * ↑(n.choose i)) + y * (x ^ i.succ * y ^ (n - i.succ) * ↑(n.choose i.succ))