-- Mathlib/MeasureTheory/SetSemiring.lean
/-- In a semiring of sets `C`, for all set `s ∈ C` and finite set of sets `I ⊆ C`, there is a
finite set of sets in `C` whose union is `s \ ⋃₀ I`.
See `IsSetSemiring.disjointOfDiffUnion` for a definition that gives such a set. -/
lemma exists_disjoint_finset_diff_eq (hC : IsSetSemiring C) (hs : s ∈ C) (hI : ↑I ⊆ C) :
    ∃ J : Finset (Set α), ↑J ⊆ C ∧ PairwiseDisjoint (J : Set (Set α)) id ∧
      s \ ⋃₀ I = ⋃₀ J

Proof state:
case insert.intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
C : Set (Set α)
s : Set α
I : Finset (Set α)
hC : IsSetSemiring C
hs : s ∈ C
t : Set α
I' : Finset (Set α)
a✝ : t ∉ I'
h : ↑I' ⊆ C → ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
hI : insert t ↑I' ⊆ C
ht : t ∈ C
J : Finset (Set α)
h_ss : ↑J ⊆ C
h_dis : (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id
h_eq : s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
Ju : (u : Set α) → u ∈ C → Finset (Set α) := fun u hu => hC.disjointOfDiff hu ht
hJu_subset : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), ↑(Ju u hu) ⊆ C
hJu_disj : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), (↑(Ju u hu)).PairwiseDisjoint id
hJu_sUnion : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), ⋃₀ ↑(Ju u hu) = u \ t
⊢ ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑(insert t I') = ⋃₀ ↑J

Tactic:
have hJu_disj' : ∀ (u) (hu : u ∈ C) (v) (hv : v ∈ C) (_h_dis : Disjoint u v),
    Disjoint (⋃₀ (Ju u hu : Set (Set α))) (⋃₀ ↑(Ju v hv)) := by
  intro u hu v hv huv_disj
  rw [hJu_sUnion, hJu_sUnion]
  exact disjoint_of_subset Set.diff_subset Set.diff_subset huv_disj

Result:
case insert.intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
C : Set (Set α)
s : Set α
I : Finset (Set α)
hC : IsSetSemiring C
hs : s ∈ C
t : Set α
I' : Finset (Set α)
a✝ : t ∉ I'
h : ↑I' ⊆ C → ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
hI : insert t ↑I' ⊆ C
ht : t ∈ C
J : Finset (Set α)
h_ss : ↑J ⊆ C
h_dis : (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id
h_eq : s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
Ju : (u : Set α) → u ∈ C → Finset (Set α) := fun u hu => hC.disjointOfDiff hu ht
hJu_subset : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), ↑(Ju u hu) ⊆ C
hJu_disj : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), (↑(Ju u hu)).PairwiseDisjoint id
hJu_sUnion : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), ⋃₀ ↑(Ju u hu) = u \ t
hJu_disj' : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C) (v : Set α) (hv : v ∈ C), Disjoint u v → Disjoint (⋃₀ ↑(Ju u hu)) (⋃₀ ↑(Ju v hv))
⊢ ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑(insert t I') = ⋃₀ ↑J

Proof state:
case insert.intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
C : Set (Set α)
s : Set α
I : Finset (Set α)
hC : IsSetSemiring C
hs : s ∈ C
t : Set α
I' : Finset (Set α)
a✝ : t ∉ I'
h : ↑I' ⊆ C → ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
hI : insert t ↑I' ⊆ C
ht : t ∈ C
J : Finset (Set α)
h_ss : ↑J ⊆ C
h_dis : (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id
h_eq : s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
⊢ ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑(insert t I') = ⋃₀ ↑J

Tactic:
let Ju : ∀ u ∈ C, Finset (Set α) := fun u hu ↦ hC.disjointOfDiff hu ht

Result:
case insert.intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
C : Set (Set α)
s : Set α
I : Finset (Set α)
hC : IsSetSemiring C
hs : s ∈ C
t : Set α
I' : Finset (Set α)
a✝ : t ∉ I'
h : ↑I' ⊆ C → ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
hI : insert t ↑I' ⊆ C
ht : t ∈ C
J : Finset (Set α)
h_ss : ↑J ⊆ C
h_dis : (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id
h_eq : s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
Ju : (u : Set α) → u ∈ C → Finset (Set α) := fun u hu => hC.disjointOfDiff hu ht
⊢ ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑(insert t I') = ⋃₀ ↑J

Proof state:
case empty
α : Type u_1
C : Set (Set α)
s : Set α
I : Finset (Set α)
hC : IsSetSemiring C
hs : s ∈ C
hI : ↑∅ ⊆ C
⊢ (↑{s}).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s = ⋃₀ ↑{s}

Tactic:
simp only [coe_singleton, pairwiseDisjoint_singleton, sUnion_singleton, eq_self_iff_true,
  and_self_iff]

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
α : Type u_1
C : Set (Set α)
s : Set α
I : Finset (Set α)
hC : IsSetSemiring C
hs : s ∈ C
t : Set α
I' : Finset (Set α)
a✝ : t ∉ I'
h : ↑I' ⊆ C → ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
hI : insert t ↑I' ⊆ C
ht : t ∈ C
J : Finset (Set α)
h_ss : ↑J ⊆ C
h_dis : (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id
h_eq : s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
Ju : (u : Set α) → u ∈ C → Finset (Set α) := fun u hu => hC.disjointOfDiff hu ht
u : Set α
hu : u ∈ C
x : Set α
hx : x ∈ ↑(Ju u hu)
⊢ x ∈ C

Tactic:
exact hC.subset_disjointOfDiff hu ht hx

Result:
no goals

Proof state:
case insert.intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
C : Set (Set α)
s : Set α
I : Finset (Set α)
hC : IsSetSemiring C
hs : s ∈ C
t : Set α
I' : Finset (Set α)
a✝ : t ∉ I'
h : ↑I' ⊆ C → ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
hI : insert t ↑I' ⊆ C
ht : t ∈ C
J : Finset (Set α)
h_ss : ↑J ⊆ C
h_dis : (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id
h_eq : s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
Ju : (u : Set α) → u ∈ C → Finset (Set α) := fun u hu => hC.disjointOfDiff hu ht
hJu_subset : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), ↑(Ju u hu) ⊆ C
hJu_disj : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), (↑(Ju u hu)).PairwiseDisjoint id
⊢ ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑(insert t I') = ⋃₀ ↑J

Tactic:
have hJu_sUnion : ∀ (u) (hu : u ∈ C), ⋃₀ (Ju u hu : Set (Set α)) = u \ t :=
  fun u hu ↦ hC.sUnion_disjointOfDiff hu ht

Result:
case insert.intro.intro.intro
α : Type u_1
C : Set (Set α)
s : Set α
I : Finset (Set α)
hC : IsSetSemiring C
hs : s ∈ C
t : Set α
I' : Finset (Set α)
a✝ : t ∉ I'
h : ↑I' ⊆ C → ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
hI : insert t ↑I' ⊆ C
ht : t ∈ C
J : Finset (Set α)
h_ss : ↑J ⊆ C
h_dis : (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id
h_eq : s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
Ju : (u : Set α) → u ∈ C → Finset (Set α) := fun u hu => hC.disjointOfDiff hu ht
hJu_subset : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), ↑(Ju u hu) ⊆ C
hJu_disj : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), (↑(Ju u hu)).PairwiseDisjoint id
hJu_sUnion : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), ⋃₀ ↑(Ju u hu) = u \ t
⊢ ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑(insert t I') = ⋃₀ ↑J

Proof state:
case insert.intro.intro.intro.refine_2
α : Type u_1
C : Set (Set α)
s : Set α
I : Finset (Set α)
hC : IsSetSemiring C
hs : s ∈ C
t : Set α
I' : Finset (Set α)
a✝ : t ∉ I'
h : ↑I' ⊆ C → ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
hI : insert t ↑I' ⊆ C
ht : t ∈ C
J : Finset (Set α)
h_ss : ↑J ⊆ C
h_dis : (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id
h_eq : s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
Ju : (u : Set α) → u ∈ C → Finset (Set α) := fun u hu => hC.disjointOfDiff hu ht
hJu_subset : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), ↑(Ju u hu) ⊆ C
hJu_disj : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), (↑(Ju u hu)).PairwiseDisjoint id
hJu_sUnion : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), ⋃₀ ↑(Ju u hu) = u \ t
hJu_disj' : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C) (v : Set α) (hv : v ∈ C), Disjoint u v → Disjoint (⋃₀ ↑(Ju u hu)) (⋃₀ ↑(Ju v hv))
J' : Finset (Set α) := Finset.univ.biUnion fun u => Ju ↑u ⋯
hJ'_subset : ↑J' ⊆ C
⊢ ⋃₀ ↑J \ t = ⋃₀ ↑J'

Tactic:
simp_rw [J', sUnion_eq_biUnion, Set.iUnion_diff]

Result:
case insert.intro.intro.intro.refine_2
α : Type u_1
C : Set (Set α)
s : Set α
I : Finset (Set α)
hC : IsSetSemiring C
hs : s ∈ C
t : Set α
I' : Finset (Set α)
a✝ : t ∉ I'
h : ↑I' ⊆ C → ∃ J, ↑J ⊆ C ∧ (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id ∧ s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
hI : insert t ↑I' ⊆ C
ht : t ∈ C
J : Finset (Set α)
h_ss : ↑J ⊆ C
h_dis : (↑J).PairwiseDisjoint id
h_eq : s \ ⋃₀ ↑I' = ⋃₀ ↑J
Ju : (u : Set α) → u ∈ C → Finset (Set α) := fun u hu => hC.disjointOfDiff hu ht
hJu_subset : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), ↑(Ju u hu) ⊆ C
hJu_disj : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), (↑(Ju u hu)).PairwiseDisjoint id
hJu_sUnion : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C), ⋃₀ ↑(Ju u hu) = u \ t
hJu_disj' : ∀ (u : Set α) (hu : u ∈ C) (v : Set α) (hv : v ∈ C), Disjoint u v → Disjoint (⋃₀ ↑(Ju u hu)) (⋃₀ ↑(Ju v hv))
J' : Finset (Set α) := Finset.univ.biUnion fun u => Ju ↑u ⋯
hJ'_subset : ↑J' ⊆ C
⊢ ⋃ i ∈ ↑J, i \ t = ⋃ i ∈ ↑(Finset.univ.biUnion fun u => Ju ↑u ⋯), i