-- Mathlib/Algebra/Polynomial/Div.lean
theorem modByMonic_eq_sub_mul_div :
    ∀ (p : R[X]) {q : R[X]} (_hq : Monic q), p %ₘ q = p - q * (p /ₘ q)
  | p, q, hq =>
    letI := Classical.decEq R
    if h : degree q ≤ degree p ∧ p ≠ 0 then by
      have _wf := div_wf_lemma h hq
      have ih := modByMonic_eq_sub_mul_div
        (p - q * (C (leadingCoeff p) * X ^ (natDegree p - natDegree q))) hq
      unfold modByMonic divByMonic divModByMonicAux
      dsimp
      rw [dif_pos hq, if_pos h]
      rw [modByMonic, dif_pos hq] at ih
      refine ih.trans ?_
      unfold divByMonic
      rw [dif_pos hq, dif_pos hq, if_pos h, mul_add, sub_add_eq_sub_sub]
    else by
      unfold modByMonic divByMonic divModByMonicAux
      dsimp
      rw [dif_pos hq, if_neg h, dif_pos hq, if_neg h, mul_zero, sub_zero]
  termination_by p => p

Proof state:
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p q : R[X]
hq : q.Monic
this : DecidableEq R := Classical.decEq R
h : q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ p ≠ 0
_wf : (p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).degree < p.degree
ih :
  (p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))) %ₘ q =
    p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree)) -
      q * ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))) /ₘ q)
⊢ (if h : q.Monic then
      (if q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ ¬p = 0 then
          (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree) +
              ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).1,
            ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).2)
        else (0, p)).2
    else p) =
    p -
      q *
        if h : q.Monic then
          (if q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ ¬p = 0 then
              (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree) +
                  ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).1,
                ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).2)
            else (0, p)).1
        else 0

Tactic:
rw [dif_pos hq, if_pos h]

Result:
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p q : R[X]
hq : q.Monic
this : DecidableEq R := Classical.decEq R
h : q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ p ≠ 0
_wf : (p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).degree < p.degree
ih :
  (p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))) %ₘ q =
    p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree)) -
      q * ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))) /ₘ q)
⊢ (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree) +
          ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).1,
        ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).2).2 =
    p -
      q *
        if h : q.Monic then
          (if q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ ¬p = 0 then
              (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree) +
                  ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).1,
                ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).2)
            else (0, p)).1
        else 0

Proof state:
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p q : R[X]
hq : q.Monic
this : DecidableEq R := Classical.decEq R
h : q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ p ≠ 0
_wf : (p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).degree < p.degree
ih :
  (p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))) %ₘ q =
    p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree)) -
      q * ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))) /ₘ q)
⊢ (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree) +
          ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).1,
        ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).2).2 =
    p -
      q *
        if h : q.Monic then
          (if q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ ¬p = 0 then
              (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree) +
                  ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).1,
                ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).2)
            else (0, p)).1
        else 0

Tactic:
rw [modByMonic, dif_pos hq] at ih

Result:
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p q : R[X]
hq : q.Monic
this : DecidableEq R := Classical.decEq R
h : q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ p ≠ 0
_wf : (p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).degree < p.degree
ih :
  ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux hq).2 =
    p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree)) -
      q * ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))) /ₘ q)
⊢ (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree) +
          ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).1,
        ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).2).2 =
    p -
      q *
        if h : q.Monic then
          (if q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ ¬p = 0 then
              (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree) +
                  ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).1,
                ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).divModByMonicAux ⋯).2)
            else (0, p)).1
        else 0

Proof state:
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p q : R[X]
hq : q.Monic
this : DecidableEq R := Classical.decEq R
h : q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ p ≠ 0
_wf : (p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).degree < p.degree
⊢ p %ₘ q = p - q * (p /ₘ q)

Tactic:
have ih := modByMonic_eq_sub_mul_div
  (p - q * (C (leadingCoeff p) * X ^ (natDegree p - natDegree q))) hq

Result:
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p q : R[X]
hq : q.Monic
this : DecidableEq R := Classical.decEq R
h : q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ p ≠ 0
_wf : (p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))).degree < p.degree
ih :
  (p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))) %ₘ q =
    p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree)) -
      q * ((p - q * (C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree))) /ₘ q)
⊢ p %ₘ q = p - q * (p /ₘ q)

Proof state:
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p q : R[X]
hq : q.Monic
this : DecidableEq R := Classical.decEq R
h : ¬(q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ p ≠ 0)
⊢ p %ₘ q = p - q * (p /ₘ q)

Tactic:
unfold modByMonic divByMonic divModByMonicAux

Result:
R : Type u
inst✝ : Ring R
p q : R[X]
hq : q.Monic
this : DecidableEq R := Classical.decEq R
h : ¬(q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ p ≠ 0)
⊢ (if h : q.Monic then
      (if h_1 : q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ p ≠ 0 then
          let z := C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree);
          let_fun _wf := ⋯;
          let dm := (p - q * z).divModByMonicAux ⋯;
          (z + dm.1, dm.2)
        else (0, p)).2
    else p) =
    p -
      q *
        if h : q.Monic then
          (if h_1 : q.degree ≤ p.degree ∧ p ≠ 0 then
              let z := C p.leadingCoeff * X ^ (p.natDegree - q.natDegree);
              let_fun _wf := ⋯;
              let dm := (p - q * z).divModByMonicAux ⋯;
              (z + dm.1, dm.2)
            else (0, p)).1
        else 0