harishnair04/mtsamples huggingface dataset:
Thoracentesis - 1 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Thoracentesis, left.   Malignant pleural effusion, left, with dyspnea.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Malignant pleural effusion, left, with dyspnea.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Malignant pleural effusion, left, with dyspnea.,PROCEDURE:  ,Thoracentesis, left.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was brought to the recovery area of the operating room.  After obtaining the informed consent, the patient's posterior left chest wall was prepped and draped in usual fashion.  Xylocaine 1% was infiltrated above the seventh intercostal space in the midscapular line.  Initially, I tried to use the thoracentesis set after 1% Xylocaine had been infiltrated, but the needle of the system was just too short to reach the pleural cavity due to the patient's very thick chest wall.  Therefore, I had to use a #18 spinal needle, which I had to use almost in its entire length to reach the fluid.  From then on, I proceeded manually to withdraw 2000 mL of a light milky fluid.,The patient tolerated the procedure fairly well, but almost at the end of it she said that she was feeling like fainting and therefore we carefully withdrew the needle.  At that time, it was getting difficult to withdraw fluid anyway and we allowed her to lie down and after a few minutes the patient was feeling fine.  At any rate, we gave her bolus of 250 mL of normal saline and the patient returned to her room for additional hours of observation.  We then thought that if she was doing fine, then we will send her home.,A chest x-ray was performed after the procedure which showed a dramatic reduction of the amount of pleural fluid and then there was no pneumothorax or no other obvious complications of her procedure.,
Tesio Hemodialysis Catheter Insertion 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Insertion of a left subclavian Tesio hemodialysis catheter and surgeon-interpreted fluoroscopy.

OPERATION,1.  Insertion of a left subclavian Tesio hemodialysis catheter.,2.  Surgeon-interpreted fluoroscopy.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , After obtaining informed consent from the patient, including a thorough explanation of the risks and benefits of the aforementioned procedure, patient was taken to the operating room and MAC anesthesia was administered.  Next, the patient's chest and neck were prepped and draped in the standard surgical fashion.  Lidocaine 1% was used to infiltrate the skin in the region of the procedure.  Next a #18-gauge finder needle was used to locate the left subclavian vein.  After aspiration of venous blood, Seldinger technique was used to thread a J wire through the needle.  This process was repeated.  The 2 J wires and their distal tips were confirmed to be in adequate position with surgeon-interpreted fluoroscopy.  Next, the subcutaneous tunnel was created.  The distal tips of the individual Tesio hemodialysis catheters were pulled through to the level of the cuff.  A dilator and sheath were passed over the individual J wires.  The dilator and wire were removed, and the distal tip of the Tesio hemodialysis catheter was threaded through the sheath, which was simultaneously withdrawn.  The process was repeated.  Both distal tips were noted to be in good position.  The Tesio hemodialysis catheters were flushed and aspirated without difficulty.  The catheters were secured at the cuff level with a 2-0 nylon.  The skin was closed with 4-0 Monocryl.  Sterile dressing was applied.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was transferred to the PACU in good condition.
Temporal Artery Biopsy - 1 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Headaches, question of temporal arteritis.  Bilateral temporal artery biopsies.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Headaches, question of temporal arteritis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Headaches, question of temporal arteritis.,PROCEDURE:,  Bilateral temporal artery biopsies.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , After obtaining an informed consent, the patient was brought to the operating room where her right temporal area was prepped and draped in the usual fashion.  Xylocaine 1% was utilized and then an incision was made in front of the right ear and deepened anteriorly.  The temporal artery was found and exposed in an extension of about 2 cm.  The artery was proximally and distally ligated with 6-0 Prolene and also a side branch and a sample was sent for pathology.  Hemostasis achieved with a cautery and the incision was closed with a subcuticular suture of Monocryl.,Then, the patient was turned and her left temporal area was prepped and draped in the usual fashion.  A similar procedure was performed with 1% Xylocaine and exposed her temporal artery, which was excised in an extent to about 2 cm.  This was also proximally and distally ligated with 6-0 Prolene and also side branch.  Hemostasis was achieved with a cautery and the skin was closed with a subcuticular suture of Monocryl.,Dressings were applied to both areas.,The patient tolerated the procedure well.  Estimated blood loss was negligible, and the patient went back to Same Day Surgery for recovery.
Teeth Extraction & I&D - 2 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Extraction of tooth #T and incision and drainage (I&D) of right buccal space infection.  Right buccal space infection and abscess tooth #T.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Right buccal space infection and abscess tooth #T.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right buccal space infection and abscess tooth #T.,PROCEDURE:,  Extraction of tooth #T and incision and drainage (I&D) of right buccal space infection.,ANESTHESIA:,  General, oral endotracheal tube.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,SPECIMENS:,  Aerobic and anaerobic cultures were sent.,IV FLUID: , 150 mL.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:,  10 mL.,PROCEDURE: , The patient was brought to the operating room, placed on the table in a supine position, and after demonstration of an adequate plane of general anesthesia via the oral endotracheal route, the patient was prepped and draped in the usual fashion for an intraoral procedure.  Gauze throat pack was placed and the right buccal vestibule was palpated and area of the abscess was located.  The abscess cavity was aspirated using a 5 mL syringe with an 18-gauge needle.  Approximately 1 mL of purulent material was aspirated that was placed on aerobic and anaerobic cultures.  Culture swabs and the tooth sent to the laboratory for culture and sensitivity testing.,The area in the buccal vestibule was then opened with approximately 1-cm incision.  Blunt dissection was then used to open up the abscess cavity and explore the abscess cavity.  A small amount of additional purulence was drained from it, approximately 1 mL and at this point, tooth #T was extracted by forceps extraction.  Periosteal elevator was used to explore the area near the extraction site.  This was continuous with abscess cavity, so the abscess cavity was allowed to drain into the extraction site.  No drain was placed.  Upon completion of the procedure, the throat pack was removed.  The pharynx was suctioned.  The stomach was also suctioned and the patient was then awakened, extubated, and taken to the recovery room in stable condition.
Tessio Catheter Insertion 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Insertion of right internal jugular Tessio catheter and placement of left wrist primary submental arteriovenous fistula.

OPERATIONS/PROCEDURES,1.  Insertion of right internal jugular Tessio catheter.,2.  Placement of left wrist primary submental arteriovenous fistula.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The patient was brought to the operating room and placed in the supine position.  Adequate general endotracheal anesthesia was induced.  Appropriate monitoring lines were placed.  The right neck, chest and left arm were prepped and draped in a sterile fashion.  A small incision was made at the top of the anterior jugular triangle in the right neck.  Through this small incision, the right internal jugular vein was punctured and a guidewire was placed.  It was punctured a 2nd time, and a 2nd guidewire was placed.  The Tessio catheters were assembled.  They were measured for length.  Counter-incisions were made on the right chest.  They were then tunneled through these lateral chest wall incisions to the neck incision, burying the Dacron cuffs.  They were flushed with saline.  A suture was placed through the guidewire, and the guidewire and dilator were removed.  The arterial catheter was then placed through this, and the tear-away introducer was removed.  The catheter aspirated and bled easily.  It was flushed with saline and capped.  This was repeated with the venous line.  It also aspirated easily and was flushed with saline and capped.  The neck incision was closed with a 4-0 Tycron, and the catheters were sutured at the exit sites with 4-0 nylon.  Dressings were applied.  An incision was then made at the left wrist.  The basilic vein was dissected free, as was the radial artery.  Heparin was given, 50 mg.  The radial artery was clamped proximally and distally with a bulldog.  It was opened with a #11 blade and Potts scissors, and stay sutures of 5-0 Prolene were placed.  The vein was clipped distally, divided and spatulated for anastomosis.  It was sutured to the radial artery with a running 7-0 Prolene suture.  The clamps were removed.  Good flow was noted through the artery.  Protamine was given, and the wound was closed with interrupted 3-0 Dexon subcutaneous and a running 4-0 Dexon subcuticular on the skin.  The patient tolerated the procedure well.
Thoracentesis 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Thoracentesis.  Left pleural effusion.  Left hemothorax.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Left pleural effusion.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Left hemothorax.,PROCEDURE: , Thoracentesis.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:,  After obtaining informed consent and having explained the procedure to the patient, he was sat at the side of a stretcher in the emergency department.  His left back was prepped and draped in the usual fashion.  Xylocaine 1% was used to infiltrate his chest wall and the chest entered upon the ninth intercostal space in the midscapular line and the thoracentesis catheter was used and placed, and then we proceed to draw by hand about 1200 mL blood.  This blood was nonclotting and it was tested twice.  Halfway during the procedure, the patient felt that he was getting dizzy and his pressure at that time had dropped to the 80s.  Therefore, we laid him off his right side while keeping the chest catheter in place.  At that time, I proceeded to continuously draw fluids slowly and then when the patient recovered we sat him up again and we proceed to complete the procedure.,Overall besides the described episode, the patient tolerated the procedure well and afterwards, we took another chest x-ray that showed much improvement in the pleural effusion and at that particular time, with all the history we proceeded to admit the patient for observation and with an idea to obtain a CT in the morning to see whether the patient would need an pigtail intrapleural catheter or not.
Teeth Extraction & I&D - 1 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Extraction of teeth #2 and #19 and incision and drainage (I&D) of intraoral and extraoral of left mandibular dental abscess.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Carious teeth #2 and #19 and left mandibular dental abscess.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,  Carious teeth #2 and #19 and left mandibular dental abscess.,PROCEDURES:,  Extraction of teeth #2 and #19 and incision and drainage of intraoral and extraoral of left mandibular dental abscess.,ANESTHESIA: , General, oral endotracheal.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,DRAINS: , Penrose 0.25 inch intraoral and vestibule and extraoral.,CONDITION:,  Stable to PACU.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:,  Patient was brought to the operating room, placed on the table in the supine position and after demonstration of an adequate plane of general anesthesia via the oral endotracheal route, patient was prepped and draped in the usual fashion for an intraoral procedure.  In addition, the extraoral area on the left neck was prepped with Betadine and draped accordingly.  Gauze throat pack was placed and local anesthetic was administered in the left lower quadrant, total of 3.4 mL of lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 epinephrine and Marcaine 1.7 mL of 0.5% with 1:200,000 epinephrine.  An incision was made with #15 blade in the left submandibular area through the skin and blunt dissection was accomplished with curved mosquito hemostat to the inferior border of the mandible.  No purulent drainage was obtained.  The 0.25 inch Penrose drain was then placed in the extraoral incision and it was secured with 3-0 silk suture.  Moving to the intraoral area, periosteal elevator was used to elevate the periosteum from the buccal aspect of tooth #19.  The area did not drain any purulent material.  The carious tooth #19 was then extracted by elevator and forceps extraction.  After the tooth was removed, the 0.25 inch Penrose drain was placed in a subperiosteal fashion adjacent to the extraction site and secured with 3-0 silk suture.  The tube was then repositioned to the left side allowing access to the upper right quadrant where tooth #2 was then extracted by routine elevator and forceps extraction.  After the extraction, the throat pack was removed.  An orogastric tube was then placed by Dr. X, and stomach contents were suctioned.  The pharynx was then suctioned with the Yankauer suction.  The patient was awakened, extubated, and taken to the PACU in stable condition.
Teeth Extraction & I&D 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Extraction of teeth.  Incision and drainage (I&D) of left mandibular vestibular abscess adjacent to teeth #18 and #19.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1.  Carious teeth #2, #5, #12, #15, #18, #19, and #31.,2.  Left mandibular vestibular abscess.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1.  Carious teeth #2, #5, #12, #15, #18, #19, and #31.,2.  Left mandibular vestibular abscess.,PROCEDURE,1.  Extraction of teeth #2.  #5, #12, #15, #18, #19, #31.,2.  Incision and drainage (I&D) of left mandibular vestibular abscess adjacent to teeth #18 and #19.,ANESTHESIA:,  General nasotracheal.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,DRAIN:,  Quarter-inch Penrose drain place in left mandibular vestibule adjacent to teeth #18 and #19, secured with 3-0 silk suture.,CONDITION:,  The patient was taken to the PACU in stable condition.,INDICATION:,  Patient is a 32-year-old female who was admitted yesterday 03/04/10 with left facial swelling and a number of carious teeth which were also abscessed particularly those on the lower left and this morning, the patient was brought to the operating room for extraction of the carious teeth and incision and drainage of left vestibular abscess.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:,  Patient was brought to the operating room, placed on the table in a supine position, and after demonstration of an adequate plane of general anesthesia via the nasotracheal route, patient was prepped and draped in the usual fashion for an intraoral procedure.  A gauze throat pack was placed and local anesthetic was administered in all four quadrants, a total of 6.8 mL of lidocaine 2% with 1:100,000 epinephrine, and 3.6 mL of Marcaine 0.5% with 1:200,000 epinephrine.  The area in the left vestibular area adjacent to the teeth #18 and #19 was aspirated with 5 cc syringe with an 18-guage needle and approximately 1 mL of purulent material was aspirated.  This was placed on the culture medium in the aerobic and anaerobic culture tubes and the tubes were then sent to the lab.  An incision was then made in the left mandibular vestibule adjacent to teeth #18 and #19.  The area was bluntly dissected with a curved hemostat and a small amount of approximately 3 mL of purulent material was drained.  Penrose drain was then placed using a curved hemostat.  The drain was secured with 3-0 silk suture.  The extraction of the teeth was then begun on the left side removing teeth #12, #15, #18 and #19 with forceps extraction, then moving to the right side teeth #2, #5, and #31 were removed with forceps extraction uneventfully.  After completion of the procedure, the throat pack was removed, the pharynx was suctioned.  The anesthesiologist then placed an orogastric tube and suctioned approximately 10 cc of stomach contents with the nasogastric tube.  The nasogastric tube was then removed.  Patient was then extubated and taken to the PACU in stable condition.
Teeth (full-mouth) Extraction 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Full-mouth extraction of teeth and alveoloplasty in all four quadrants.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Nonrestorable teeth.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:, Nonrestorable teeth.,PROCEDURE:, Full-mouth extraction of tooth #3,5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, and alveoloplasty in all four quadrants.,ANESTHESIA:,  Nasotracheal general anesthesia.,IV FLUIDS:, A 700 mL of crystalloid.,EBL:, Minimum.,URINE:, Not recorded.,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,CONDITION:, Good.,DISPOSITION:,  The patient was extubated in OR, transferred to PACU for recovery and will be transferred for 23-hour observation and discharged on subsequent day.,BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PATIENT:, Indicated the patient for surgery.  The patient is a 41-year-old white female with multiple grossly decaying nonrestorable teeth.  After discussing treatment options, she decided she will like to have extraction of remaining teeth with subsequent placement of upper and lower complete dentures.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:, Positive for a narcotic abuse, presently on methadone treatment, hepatitis C, and headaches.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY:, C-section x2.,MEDICATIONS,Right now include:,1.  Methadone.,2.  Beta-blocker.,3.  Xanax.,4.  Norco.,5.  Clindamycin.,ALLERGIES:, THE PATIENT IS ALLERGIC TO PENICILLIN.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:, The patient was greeted in preoperative holding area, subsequently transferred to OR #17 where the patient was intubated with anesthesia staff present.  The patient was prepped and draped in sterile fashion.  Local anesthesia consisting of 1% lidocaine and 1:100,000 epinephrine, total 15 mL were injected into the maxillomandible.  Throat pack was placed in the mouth after a thorough suction.,A full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap was reflected from the upper right to the upper left, tooth number 3,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13, and 14 and were elevated and delivered.  Extraction sites were thoroughly curettaged and irrigated.  Bony undercuts were removed then smoothed with rongeurs and bone saw.  After thorough irrigation, the postsurgical site closed in a running fashion with 3-0 chromic sutures.  Subsequently, a full-thickness mucoperiosteal flap was reflected in the mandible, tooth numbers 31, 28, 27, 26, 25, 24, 23, 22, 21, 20, and 19 were elevated and delivered with simple forceps extractions.  Bony undercuts were removed with rongeurs and smoothed with bone saw.,Extraction sites were thoroughly irrigated and curettaged.  Wound was closed in continuous fashion 3-0 chromic.  After adequate hematosis was achieved, 0.5% Marcaine and 1:200,000 epinephrine was injected in the maxillomandible thus to heal to aid in hematosis and pain control.  Total of 8 mL were used.  Throat pack was subsequently removed.  Orogastric tube was passed to suction out the stomach.,The patient was subsequently extubated in OR and transferred to PACU for recovery.  The patient would be placed in 23-hour observation.
Synovectomy - Partial 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Arthroscopic irrigation and debridement of same with partial synovectomy.  Septic left total knee arthroplasty.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Septic left total knee arthroplasty.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Septic left total knee arthroplasty.,OPERATION PERFORMED: , Arthroscopic irrigation and debridement of same with partial synovectomy.,ANESTHESIA:,  LMA.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:,  Minimal.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,DRAINS:,  None.,INDICATIONS:,  The patient is an 81-year-old female, who is approximately 10 years status post total knee replacement performed in another state, who presented a couple of days ago to the office with worsening pain without injury and whose symptoms have been present for approximately a month following a possible urinary tract infection.  The patient' knee was aspirated in the office and cultures were positive for Escherichia coli.  She presents for operative therapy.,DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION: , After obtaining informed consent and the administration of antibiotics since her cultures had already been obtained, the patient was taken to the operating room and following satisfactory induction and the patient was placed on the table in supine position.  The left upper extremity was prepped and draped without a tourniquet.  The knee was injected with 30 mL of normal saline and standard arthroscopy portals were created.  The arthroscopy was inserted and a complete diagnostic was performed.  Arthroscopic pictures were taken throughout the procedure.  The knee was copiously irrigated with 9 L of irrigant.  A partial synovectomy was performed in all compartments.  Minimal amount of polyethylene wear was noted.  The total knee components were identified arthroscopically for future revision surgery.  The knee was then drained and the arthroscopic instruments were removed.  The portals were closed with 4-0 nylon and local anesthetic was injected.  A sterile dressing was applied and the patient was placed in a knee immobilizer, awakened from anesthesia and transported to the recovery room in stable condition and tolerated the procedure well.
Suction, Dilation, & Curettage 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Missed abortion.  Suction, dilation, and curettage.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Missed abortion.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:  ,Missed abortion.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: , Suction, dilation, and curettage.,ANESTHESIA: , Spinal.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:,  50 mL.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,FINDINGS: , Products of conception consistent with a 6-week intrauterine pregnancy.,INDICATIONS: , The patient is a 28-year-old gravida 4, para 3 female at 13 weeks by her last menstrual period and 6 weeks by an ultrasound today in the emergency room who presents with heavy bleeding starting today.  A workup done in the emergency room revealed a beta-quant level of 1931 and an ultrasound showing an intrauterine pregnancy with a crown-rump length consistent with a 6-week and 2-day pregnancy.  No heart tones were visible.  On examination in the emergency room, a moderate amount of bleeding was noted.,Additionally, the cervix was noted to be 1 cm dilated.  These findings were discussed with the patient and options including surgical management via dilation and curettage versus management with misoprostol versus expected management were discussed with the patient.  After discussion of these options, the patient opted for a suction, dilation, and curettage.  The patient was described to the patient in detail including risks of infection, bleeding, injury to surrounding organs including risk of perforation.  Informed consent was obtained prior to proceeding with the procedure.,PROCEDURE NOTE:  ,The patient was taken to the operating room where spinal anesthesia was administered without difficulty.  The patient was prepped and draped in usual sterile fashion in lithotomy position.  A weighted speculum was placed.  The anterior lip of the cervix was grasped with a single tooth tenaculum.  At this time, a 7-mm suction curettage was advanced into the uterine cavity without difficulty and was used to suction contents of the uterus.  Following removal of the products of conception, a sharp curette was advanced into the uterine cavity and was used to scrape the four walls of the uterus until a gritty texture was noted.  At this time, the suction curette was advanced one additional time to suction any remaining products.  All instruments were removed.  Hemostasis was visualized.  The patient was stable at the completion of the procedure.  Sponge, lap, and instrument counts were correct.