harishnair04/mtsamples huggingface dataset:
Lipoma Excision - 1 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Excision of lipoma, left knee.  A 4 cm mass of adipose tissue most likely representing a lipoma was found in the patient's anteromedial left knee.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Mass, left knee.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Lipoma, left knee.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: ,Excision of lipoma, left knee.,ANESTHESIA: , Local with sedation.,COMPLICATIONS:  ,None.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Minimal.,GROSS FINDINGS: , A 4 cm mass of adipose tissue most likely representing a lipoma was found in the patient's anteromedial left knee.,HISTORY:,  The patient is a 35-year-old female with history of lump on her right knee for the past, what she reports to be six years.  She states it had grow in size over the last six months, rarely causes her any discomfort or pain, denies any neurovascular complaints of her right lower extremity.  She denies any other lumps or bumps on her body.  She wishes to have this removed for cosmetic reasons.,PROCEDURE: , After all potential risks, benefits, and complications of the procedure were discussed with the patient, informed consent was obtained.  She was transferred from the Preoperative Care Unit to Operating Suite #1.  She was transferred from the gurney to the operating table.  All bony prominences were well padded.  A well padded tourniquet was applied to her right thigh.  Anesthesia then administered some sedation, which she tolerated well.  Her right lower extremity was then sterilely prepped and draped in normal fashion.  Next, a rubber Esmarch was used to exsanguinate her right lower extremity.,Next, approximately 20 cc of 0.25% Marcaine with 1% lidocaine were used to locally anesthetize her anterior medial right knee in location of the mass.  Next, a #15 blade Bard-Parker scalpel was utilized to make an approximately 3 cm vertical incision over the soft tissue mass upon incising the skin and the subcutaneous tissue readily and there was the aforementioned fatty tissue mass.  This was easily excised with blunt dissection.  Examination of the wound then revealed a second piece of fatty tissue, which resembled a lipoma measuring approximately 1.5 cm x 2 cm.  This was then also excised utilizing Littler scissors.  Hemostasis was obtained.  The wound was then copiously irrigated after this all the underlying bone tissue was removed.  #2-0 Vicryl interrupted subcutaneous sutures were then placed and the skin was reapproximated utilizing #4-0 horizontal mattress nylon sutures.  Sterile dressings was applied of Adaptic, 4x4s, and Kerlix as well as an Ace wrap.  Sedation was reversed.  Tourniquet was deflated.  The patient was transferred from the operating table to the gurney and to the Postoperative Care Unit in stable condition.  Her prognosis for this is good.
Lipectomy - Breast 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Suction-assisted lipectomy of the breast with removal of 350 cc of breast tissue from both sides and two mastopexies.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS,Mammary hypertrophy with breast ptosis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS,Mammary hypertrophy with breast ptosis.,OPERATION,Suction-assisted lipectomy of the breast with removal of 350 cc of breast tissue from both sides and two mastopexies.,ANESTHESIA,General endotracheal anesthesia.,PROCEDURE,The patient was placed in the supine position.  Under effects of general endotracheal anesthesia, markings were made preoperatively for the mastopexy.  An eccentric circle was drawn around the nipple and a wedge drawn from the inferior border of the areola to the inframammary fold.  A stab incision was made bilaterally and tumescent infiltration of anesthesia, lactated ringers with 1 cc of epinephrine to 1000 cc of lactated ringers was infused with a tumescent blunt needle.  200 cc was infiltrated on each side.  This was followed by power-assisted liposuction and manual liposuction with removal of 350 cc of supernatant fat from both sides utilizing a radial tunneling technique with a 4-mm cannula.  This was followed by the epithelialization of skin between the inner circle corresponding to the diameter of the areola 4 cm diameter and the outer eccentric circle with a tangent at the 6 o'clock position.  This would result in an elevation of the nipple-areolar complex with transposition.  The epithelialization of the wedge inferiorly equalized the circumference distance between the inner circle and the outer circle.  Hemostasis was achieved with electrocautery.  After the epithelialization was performed on both sides, nipple-areolar complex was transposed to new nipple position and the wedge was closed with transposition of the nipple-areolar complex beneath the transposed nipple.  Closure was performed with interrupted 3-0 PDS suture on deep subcutaneous tissue and dermal skin closure with running subcuticular 4-0 Monocryl suture.  Dermabond was applied followed by Adaptic and Kerlix in the suturing spaces supportive mildly compressive dressing.  The patient tolerated the procedure well.  The patient was returned to recovery room in satisfactory condition.
Lipoma Excision 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Intramuscular lipoma, right upper extremity.  Excision of intramuscular lipoma with flap closure.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Mass lesion, right upper extremity.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Intramuscular lipoma, right arm, approximately 4 cm.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:  ,Excision of intramuscular lipoma with flap closure by Dr. Y.,INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE:  ,This is a 77-year-old African-American female who presents as an outpatient to the General Surgical Service with a mass in the anterior aspect of the mid-biceps region of the right upper extremity.  The mass has been increasing in size and symptoms according to the patient.  The risks and benefits of the surgical excision were discussed.  The patient gave informed consent for surgical removal.,GROSS FINDINGS: , At the time of surgery, the patient was found to have intramuscular lipoma within the head of the biceps.  It was removed in its entirety and submitted to Pathology for appropriate analysis.,PROCEDURE: , The patient was taken to the operating room.  She was given intravenous sedation and the arm area was sterilely prepped and draped in the usual fashion.  Xylocaine was utilized as local anesthetic and a longitudinal incision was made in the axis of the extremity.  The skin and subcutaneous tissue were incised as well as the muscular fascia.  The fibers of the biceps were divided bluntly and retracted.  The lipoma was grasped with an Allis clamp and blunt and sharp dissection was utilized to remove the mass without inuring the underlying neurovascular structures.  The mass was submitted to Pathology.  Good hemostasis was seen.  The wound was irrigated and closed in layers.  The deep muscular fascia was reapproximated with #2-0 Vicryl suture.,The subcutaneous tissues were reapproximated with #3-0 Vicryl suture and the deep dermis was reapproximated with #3-0 Vicryl suture.  Re-approximated wound flaps without tension and the skin was closed with #4-0 undyed Vicryl in running subcuticular fashion.  The patient was given wound care instructions and will follow up again in my office in one week.  Overall prognosis is good.
Liver Biopsy 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Percutaneous liver biopsy.   With the patient lying in the supine position and the right hand underneath the head, an area of maximal dullness was identified in the mid-axillary location by percussion.

TITLE OF PROCEDURE: , Percutaneous liver biopsy.,ANALGESIA: , 2% Lidocaine.,ALLERGIES: , The patient denied any allergy to iodine, lidocaine or codeine.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:  ,The procedure was described in detail to the patient at a previous clinic visit and by the medical staff today.  The patient was told of complications which might occur consisting of bleeding, bile peritonitis, bowel perforation, pneumothorax, or death.  The risks and benefits of the procedure were understood, and the patient signed the consent form freely.,With the patient lying in the supine position and the right hand underneath the head, an area of maximal dullness was identified in the mid-axillary location by percussion.  The area was prepped and cleaned with povidone iodine following which the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and serosal surfaces were infiltrated with 2% lidocaine down to the capsule of the liver.  Next, a small incision was made with a Bard-Parker #11 scalpel.  A 16-gauge modified Klatskin needle was inserted through the incision and into the liver on one occasion with the patient in deep expiration.  Liver cores measuring *** cm were obtained and will be sent to Pathology for routine histologic study.,POST-PROCEDURE COURSE AND DISPOSITION: , The patient will remain under close observation in the medical treatment room for four to six hours and then be discharged home without medication.  Normal activities can be resumed tomorrow.  The patient is to contact me if severe abdominal or chest pain, fever, melena, light-headedness or any unusual symptoms develop.  An appointment will be made for the patient to see me in the clinic in the next few weeks to discuss the results of the liver biopsy so that management decisions can be made.,COMPLICATIONS:,  None.,RECOMMENDATIONS: , Prior to discharge, hepatitis A and B vaccines will be recommended.  Risks and benefits for vaccination have been addressed and the patient will consider this option.
Lipectomy - Abdomen/Thighs 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Suction-assisted lipectomy - lipodystrophy of the abdomen and thighs.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Lipodystrophy of the abdomen and thighs.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Lipodystrophy of the abdomen and thighs.,OPERATION: , Suction-assisted lipectomy.,ANESTHESIA:,  General.,FINDINGS AND PROCEDURE:,  With the patient under satisfactory general endotracheal anesthesia, the entire abdomen, flanks, perineum, and thighs to the knees were prepped and draped circumferentially in sterile fashion.  After this had been completed, a #15 blade was used to make small stab wounds in the lateral hips, the pubic area, and upper edge of the umbilicus.  Through these small incisions, a cannula was used to infiltrate lactated Ringers with 1000 cc was infiltrated initially into the abdomen.  A 3 and 4-mm cannulas were then used to carry out the liposuction of the abdomen removing a total of 1100 cc of aspirate, which was mostly fat, little fluid, and blood.  Attention was then directed to the thighs both inner and outer.  A total of 1000 cc was infiltrated in both lateral thighs only about 50 cc in the medial thighs.  After this had been completed, 3 and 4-mm cannulas were used to suction 650 cc from each side, approximately 50 cc in the inner thigh and 600 on each lateral thigh.  The patient tolerated the procedure very well.  All of this aspirate was mostly fat with little fluid and very little blood.  Wounds were cleaned and steri-stripped and dressing of ABD pads and ***** was then applied.  The patient tolerated the procedure very well and was sent to the recovery room in good condition.
Ligament Reconstruction & Tendon Interposition Arthroplasty 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition arthroplasty of right wrist.

OPERATION PERFORMED:,  Ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition arthroplasty of right wrist.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , With the patient under adequate anesthesia, the right upper extremity was prepped and draped in a sterile manner.,Attention was turned to the base of the thumb where a longitudinal incision was made over the anatomic snuffbox and extended out onto the carpometacarpal joint.  Using blunt dissection radial sensory nerve was dissected and retracted out of the operative field.  Further blunt dissection exposed the radial artery, which was dissected and retracted off the trapezium.  An incision was then made across the scaphotrapezial joint distally onto the trapezium and out onto the carpometacarpal joint.  Sharp dissection exposed the trapezium, which was then morselized and removed in toto with care taken to protect the underlying flexor carpi radialis tendon.  The radial beak of the trapezoid was then osteotomized off the head of the scaphoid.  The proximal metacarpal was then fenestrated with a 4.5-mm drill bit.  Four fingers proximal to the flexion crease of the wrist a small incision was made over the FCR tendon and blunt dissection delivered the FCR tendon into this incision.  The FCR tendon was divided and this incision was closed with 4-0 nylon sutures.  Attention was returned to the trapezial wound where longitudinal traction on the FCR tendon delivered the FCR tendon into the wound.,The FCR tendon was then threaded through the fenestration in the metacarpal.  A bone anchor was then placed distal to the metacarpal fenestration.  The FCR tendon was then pulled distally and the metacarpal reduced to an anatomic position.  The FCR tendon was then sutured to the metacarpal using the previously placed bone anchor.  Remaining FCR tendon was then anchovied and placed into the scaphotrapezoidal and trapezial defect.  The MP joint was brought into extension and the capsule closed using interrupted 3-0 Tycron sutures.,Attention was turned to the MCP joint where the MP joint was brought in to 15 degrees of flexion and pinned with a single 0.035 Kirschner wire.  The pin was cut at the level of the skin.,All incisions were closed with running 3-0 Prolene subcuticular stitch.,Sterile dressings were then applied.  The tourniquet was deflated.  The patient was awakened from anesthesia and returned to the recovery room in satisfactory condition having tolerated the procedure well.
Lid Laceration Repair 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Repair of upper lid canalicular laceration - Sample/Template.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. XXX upper lid laceration.,2. XXX upper lid canalicular laceration.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1. XXX upper lid laceration.,2. XXX upper lid canalicular laceration.,PROCEDURES:,1. Repair of XXX upper lid laceration.,2. Repair of XXX upper lid canalicular laceration.,ANESTHESIA:, General,SPECIMENS:,  None.,COMPLICATIONS:, None.,INDICATIONS:, This is a XX-year-old (wo)man with XXX eye upper eyelid laceration involving the canaliculus.,PROCEDURE:, The risks and benefits of eye surgery were discussed at length with the patient, including bleeding, infection, re-operation, loss of vision, and loss of the eye. Informed consent was obtained. The patient was brought to the operating room and placed in the supine position, where (s)he was prepped and draped in the routine fashion for general ophthalmic plastic reconstructive surgery, once the appropriate cardiac and respiratory monitoring was placed on him/her, and once general endotracheal anesthetic had been administered. The patient then had the wound freshened up with Westcott scissors and cotton-tip applications. Hemostasis was achieved with a high-temp disposable cautery. Once this had been done, the proximal end of the XXX upper lid canalicular system was intubated with a Monoka tube on a Prolene. The proximal end was then found and this was intubated with the same tubing system. Then, two 6-0 Vicryl sutures were used to reapproximate the medial canthal tendon. Once this had been done, the skin was reapproximated with interrupted 6-0 Vicryl sutures and interrupted 6-0 plain gut sutures. To ensure that the punctum was in the correct position and in the Monoka tube was seated with a seater, and the tube was cut short. The patient's nose was suctioned of blood, and (s)he was awakened from general endotracheal anesthesia and did well. (S)he left the operating room in good condition.
Lateral Epicondylitis Release 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Lateral release with lengthening of the ECRB tendon.  Lateral epicondylitis.   

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:  ,Lateral epicondylitis.
Leaking ET tube 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 The patient needing to be reintubated due to a leaking ET tube.  The patient is recently postoperative. 

ASSESSMENT:  ,The patient needed reintubation due to a leaking tube.  I explained to the patient the procedure that I was going to do and he nodded in seeming understanding of the procedure.,Using Versed and succinylcholine, we were able to sedate and paralyze him to perform the procedure.  His potassium this morning was normal.  Using an 8.5 ET tube under direct visualization, the tube was passed through the cords.  The patient tolerated the procedure extremely well.  Auscultation of the lungs revealed bilateral equal breath sounds.  Chest x-ray is pending.  CO2 monitor was positive.
Laser Vaporization of Prostate 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Cystopyelogram and laser vaporization of the prostate.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Benign prostatic hypertrophy.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Benign prostatic hypertrophy.,SURGERY:  ,Cystopyelogram and laser vaporization of the prostate.,ANESTHESIA: , Spinal.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Minimal.,FLUIDS: , Crystalloid.,BRIEF HISTORY: , The patient is a 67-year-old male with a history of TURP, presented to us with urgency, frequency, and dribbling.  The patient was started on alpha-blockers with some help, but had nocturia q.1h.  The patient was given anticholinergics with minimal to no help.  The patient had a cystoscopy done, which showed enlargement of the left lateral lobes of the prostate.  At this point, options were discussed such as watchful waiting and laser vaporization to open up the prostate to get a better stream.  Continuation of alpha-blockers and adding another anti-cholinergic at night to prevent bladder overactivity were discussed.  The patient was told that his symptoms may be related to the mild-to-moderate trabeculation in the bladder, which can cause poor compliance.,The patient understood and wanted to proceed with laser vaporization to see if it would help improve his stream, which in turn might help improve emptying of the bladder and might help his overactivity of the bladder.  The patient was told that he may need anticholinergics.  There could be increased risk of incontinence, stricture, erectile dysfunction, other complications and the consent was obtained.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:  ,The patient was brought to the OR and anesthesia was applied.  The patient was placed in dorsal lithotomy position.  The patient was given preoperative antibiotics.  The patient was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion.  A #23-French scope was inserted inside the urethra into the bladder under direct vision.  Bilateral pyelograms were normal.  The rest of the bladder appeared normal except for some moderate trabeculations throughout the bladder.  There was enlargement of the lateral lobes of the prostate.  The old TUR scar was visualized right at the bladder neck.  Using diode side-firing fiber, the lateral lobes were taken down.  The verumontanum, the external sphincter, and the ureteral openings were all intact at the end of the procedure.  Pictures were taken and were shown to the family.  At the end of the procedure, there was good hemostasis.  A total of about 15 to 20 minutes of lasering time was used.  A #22 3-way catheter was placed.  At the end of the procedure, the patient was brought to recovery in stable condition.  Plan was for removal of the Foley catheter in 48 hours and continuation of use of anticholinergics at night.
Laryngoscopy 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Direct laryngoscopy, rigid bronchoscopy and dilation of subglottic upper tracheal stenosis.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS,Subglottic upper tracheal stenosis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS,Subglottic upper tracheal stenosis.,OPERATION PREFORMED,Direct laryngoscopy, rigid bronchoscopy and dilation of subglottic upper tracheal stenosis.,INDICATIONS FOR THE SURGERY,The patient is a 76-year-old white female with a history of subglottic upper tracheal stenosis.  She has had undergone multiple previous endoscopic procedures in the past; last procedure was in January 2007.  She returns with some increasing shortness of breath and dyspnea on exertion.  Endoscopic reevaluation is offered to her.  The patient has been considering laryngotracheal reconstruction; however, due to a recent death in the family, she has postponed this, but she has been having increasing symptoms.  An endoscopic treatment was offered to her.  Nature of the proposed procedure including risks and complications involving bleeding, infection, alteration of voice, speech, or swallowing, hoarseness changing permanently, recurrence of stenosis despite a surgical intervention, airway obstruction necessitating a tracheostomy now or in the future, cardiorespiratory, and anesthetic risks were all discussed in length.  The patient states she understood and wished to proceed.,DESCRIPTION OF THE OPERATION,The patient was taken to the operating room, placed on table in supine position.  Following adequate general anesthesia, the patient was prepared for endoscopy.  The top sliding laryngoscope was then inserted in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx examined. In the oral cavity, she had good dentition.  Tongue and buccal cavity mucosa were without ulcers, masses, or lesions.  The oropharynx was clear.  The larynx was then manually suspended.  Epiglottis area, epiglottic folds, false cords, true vocal folds with some mild edema, but otherwise, without ulcers, masses, or lesions, and the supraglottic and glottic airway were widely patent.  The larynx was manually suspended and a 5 x 30 pediatric rigid bronchoscope was passed through the vocal folds.  At the base of the subglottis, there was a narrowing and in the upper trachea, restenosis had occurred.  Moderate amount of mucoid secretions, these were suctioned, following which the area of stenosis was dilated.  Remainder of the bronchi was then examined.  The mid and distal trachea were widely patent.  Pale pink mucosa takeoff from mainstem bronchi were widely patent without ulcers, lesions, or evidence of scarring.  The scope was pulled back and removed and following this, a 6 x 30 pediatric rigid bronchoscope was passed through the larynx and further dilatation carried out.  Once this had been completed, dramatic improvement in the subglottic upper tracheal airway accomplished.  Instrumentation was removed and a #6 endotracheal tube, uncuffed, was placed to allow smooth emerge from anesthesia.  The patient tolerated the procedure well without complication.