harishnair04/mtsamples huggingface dataset:
Central Venous & Arterial  Line 
Medical specialty:  Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
 Insertion of central venous line and arterial line and transesophageal echocardiography probe.

INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURES: , Impending open-heart surgery for atrial septectomy and bilateral bidirectional Glenn procedure.,The patient was already under general anesthesia in the operating room.  Antibiotic prophylaxis with cephazolin and gentamicin were already given.  A strict aseptic technique was used including use of gowns, mask, and gloves, etc.  The skin was cleansed with alcohol and then prepped with ChloraPrep solution.,PROCEDURE #1:,  Insertion of central venous line.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE #1: , Attention was directed to the right groin.  A Cook 4-French double-lumen 12-cm long central venous heparin-coated catheter kit was opened.  Using the 21-gauge needle that comes with this kit, the needle was inserted approximately 2 cm below the right inguinal ligament just medial to the pulsations of the femoral artery.  There was good venous blood return on the first try.  Using the Seldinger technique, the soft J-end of the wire was inserted through the needle without resistance approximately 15 cm.  It was then exchanged for a 5-French dilator followed by the 4-French double-lumen catheter and the wire was removed intact.  There was good blood return from both lumens, which were flushed with heparinized saline.  The catheter was sutured to the skin at three points with #4-0 silk for stabilization.,PROCEDURE #2:,  Insertion of arterial line.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE #2:,  Attention was directed to the left wrist, which was placed on wrist rest.  The Allen test was normal.  A Cook 2.5-French 5 cm long arterial catheter kit was opened.  A 22-gauge IV cannula was used to enter the artery, which was done on the first try with good pulsatile blood return.  Using the Seldinger technique, the catheter was exchanged for a 2.5-French catheter and the wire was removed intact.  There was pulsatile blood return and the catheter was flushed with heparinized saline solution.  It was sutured to the skin with #4-0 silk at three points for stabilization.,Both catheters functioned well throughout the procedure.  The distal circulation of the leg and the hand was intact immediately after insertion, approximately 20 minutes later, and at the end of the procedure.  There were no complications.,PROCEDURE #3: , Insertion of transesophageal echocardiography probe.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE #3: , The probe was inserted under direct vision because initially there was some resistance to insertion.  Under direct vision, using the #2 Miller blade, the upper esophageal opening was visualized and the probe was passed easily without resistance.  There was good visualization of the heart.  The probe was used by the pediatric cardiologist for preoperative and postoperative diagnostic echocardiography.  The probe was removed at the end.  There was no trauma and there was no blood tingeing.,
Central Line Insertion 
Medical specialty:  Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
 Central line insertion.  Empyema thoracis and need for intravenous antibiotics.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1.  Empyema thoracis.,2.  Need for intravenous antibiotics.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES,1.  Empyema thoracis.,2.  Need for intravenous antibiotics.,PROCEDURE:,  Central line insertion.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , With the patient in his room, after obtaining the informed consent, his left deltopectoral area was prepped and draped in the usual fashion.  Xylocaine 1% was infiltrated and with the patient in the Trendelenburg position, the left subclavian vein was subcutaneously cannulated without any difficulty.  The triple-lumen catheter was inserted and all ports were flushed out and were irrigated with normal saline.  The catheter was fixed to the skin with sutures.  The dressing was applied and then the chest x-ray was obtained which showed no complications of the procedure and good position of the catheter.
Carotid Endarterectomy - 1 
Medical specialty:  Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
 Right common carotid endarterectomy, internal carotid endarterectomy, external carotid endarterectomy, and Hemashield patch angioplasty of the right common, internal and external carotid arteries.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Right common, internal and external carotid artery stenosis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Right common, internal and external carotid artery stenosis.,OPERATIONS,1.  Right common carotid endarterectomy.,2.  Right internal carotid endarterectomy.,3.  Right external carotid endarterectomy.,4.  Hemashield patch angioplasty of the right common, internal and external carotid arteries.,ANESTHESIA:,  General endotracheal anesthesia.,URINE OUTPUT: , Not recorded,OPERATION IN DETAIL: , After obtaining informed consent from the patient, including a thorough explanation of the risks and benefits of the aforementioned procedure, the patient was taken to the operating room and general endotracheal anesthesia was administered.  Next the right neck was prepped and draped in the standard surgical fashion.  A #10-blade scalpel was used to make an incision at the anterior tip of the sternocleidomastoid muscle.  Dissection was carried down to the level of the carotid artery using Bovie electrocautery and sharp dissection with Metzenbaum scissors.  The common, internal and external carotid arteries were identified.  The facial vein was ligated with #3-0 silk.  The hypoglossal nerve was identified and preserved as it coursed across the carotid artery.  After dissecting out an adequate length of common, internal and external carotid artery, heparin was given.  Next, an umbilical tape was passed around the common carotid artery.  A #0 silk suture was passed around the internal and external carotid arteries.  The hypoglossal nerve was identified and preserved.  An appropriate sized Argyle shunt was chosen.  A Hemashield patch was cut to the appropriate size.  Next, vascular clamps were placed on the external carotid artery.  DeBakey pickups were used to control the internal carotid artery and common carotid artery.  A #11-blade scalpel was used to make an incision on the common carotid artery.  The arteriotomy was lengthened onto the internal carotid artery.  Next, the Argyle shunt was placed.  It was secured in place.  Next, an endarterectomy was performed; and this was done on the common, internal carotid and external carotid arteries.  An inversion technique was used on the external carotid artery.  The artery was irrigated and free debris was removed.  Next, we sewed the Hemashield patch onto the artery using #6-0 Prolene in a running fashion.  Prior to completion of our anastomosis, we removed our shunt.  We completed the anastomosis.  Next, we removed our clamp from the external carotid artery, followed by the common carotid artery, and lastly by the internal carotid artery.  There was no evidence of bleeding.  Full-dose protamine was given.  The incision was closed with #0 Vicryl, followed by #2-0 Vicryl, followed by #4-0 PDS in a running subcuticular fashion.  A sterile dressing was applied.
Carotid Endarterectomy  
Medical specialty:  Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
 Right carotid stenosis and prior cerebrovascular accident. Right carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Right carotid stenosis.,2.  Prior cerebrovascular accident.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Right carotid stenosis.,2.  Prior cerebrovascular accident.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:  ,Right carotid endarterectomy with patch angioplasty.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:  ,250 cc.,OPERATIVE FINDINGS: , The common and internal carotid arteries were opened.  A high-grade narrowing was present at the proximal internal carotid and this tapered well to a slightly small diameter internal carotid.  This was repaired with a Dacron patch and the patient tolerated this well under regional anesthetic without need for shunting.,PROCEDURE:  ,The patient was taken to the operating room, placed in supine position, prepped and draped in the usual sterile manner with Betadine solution.  Longitudinal incisions were made along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid, carried down through subcutaneous fat and fascia.  Hemostasis was obtained with electrocautery.  The platysmal muscle was divided.  The carotid sheath was identified and opened.  The vagus nerve, ansa cervicalis, and hypoglossal nerves were identified and avoided.  The common internal and external carotids were then freed from the surrounding tissue.  At this point, 10,000 units of aqueous heparin were administered and allowed to take effect.  The external and common carotids were then clamped.  The patient's neurological status was evaluated and found to be unchanged from preoperative levels.,Once sufficient time had lapsed, we proceeded with the procedure.  The carotid bulb was opened with a #11 blade and extended with Potts scissors through the very tight lesion into normal internal carotid.  The plaque was then sharply excised proximally and an eversion endarterectomy was performed successfully at the external.  The plaque tapered nicely on the internal and no tacking sutures were necessary.  Heparinized saline was injected and no evidence of flapping or other debris was noted.  The remaining carotid was examined under magnification, which showed no debris of flaps present.  At this point, a Dacron patch was brought on to the field, cut to appropriate length and size, and anastomosed to the artery using #6-0 Prolene in a running fashion.  Prior to the time of last stitch, the internal carotid was back-bled through this.  The last stitch was tied.  Hemostasis was excellent.  The internal was again gently occluded while flow was restored to the common and external carotids for several moments and then flow was restored to the entire system.  At this point, a total of 50 mg of Protamine was administered and allowed to take effect.  Hemostasis was excellent.  The wound was irrigated with antibiotic solution and closed in layers using #3-0 Vicryl and #4-0 undyed Vicryl.  The patient was then taken to the recovery room in satisfactory condition after tolerating the procedure well.  Sponge, needles, and instrument count were correct.  Estimated blood loss was 250 cc.
Cardioversion - Direct Current - 1 
Medical specialty:  Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
 Direct-current cardioversion.  This is a 53-year-old gentleman with history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation for 3 years.  Successful DC cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.

PROCEDURE:  ,Direct-current cardioversion.,BRIEF HISTORY:  ,This is a 53-year-old gentleman with history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation for 3 years.  He had a wide area of circumferential ablation done on November 9th for atrial fibrillation.  He did develop recurrent atrial fibrillation the day before yesterday and this is persistent.  Therefore, he came in for cardioversion today.  He is still within the first 4 to 6 weeks post ablation where we would attempt early cardioversion.,The patient was in the SDI unit, attached to noninvasive monitoring devices.  After Brevital was brought by the anesthesia service a single 150 joule synchronized biphasic shock using AP paddles did restore him to sinus rhythm in the 80s.  He tolerated it well.  He will be observed for couple hours and discharged home later today.  He will continue on his current medications.  He will follow back up in two to three weeks in the Atrial Fibrillation Clinic and then again in a couple months with myself.,CONCLUSIONS / FINAL DIAGNOSES: , Successful DC cardioversion of atrial fibrillation.
Cardioversion - Direct Current 
Medical specialty:  Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
 Direct current cardioversion.  Successful direct current cardioversion with restoration of sinus rhythm from atrial fibrillation with no immediate complication. 

PROCEDURE: , Direct current cardioversion.,REASON FOR PROCEDURE: , Atrial fibrillation.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:  ,The procedure was explained to the patient with risks and benefits including risk of stroke.  The patient understands as well as her husband.  The patient had already a transesophageal echocardiogram showing no left atrial appendage thrombus or thrombus in the left atrium.  There was spontaneous echocardiogram contrast noticed.  The patient was on anticoagulation with Lovenox, received already 3 mg of Versed and 25 mcg of fentanyl for the TEE followed by next 2 mg of Versed for total of 5 mg of Versed.  The pads applied in the anterior and posterior approach.  With synchronized biphasic waveform at 150 J, one shock was successful in restoring sinus rhythm.  The patient had some occasional PACs noticed with occasional sinus tachycardia.  The patient had no immediate post-procedure complications.  The rhythm was maintained and 12-lead EKG was requested.,IMPRESSION:  ,Successful direct current cardioversion with restoration of sinus rhythm from atrial fibrillation with no immediate complication.
Cardiomyopathy & Hypotension - Consult 
Medical specialty:  Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
 Cardiomyopathy and hypotension.  A lady with dementia, coronary artery disease, prior bypass, reduced LV function, and recurrent admissions for diarrhea and hypotension several times.

REASON FOR CONSULTATION:,  Cardiomyopathy and hypotension.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:,  I am seeing the patient upon the request of Dr. X.  The patient is very well known to me, an 81-year-old lady with dementia, a native American with coronary artery disease with prior bypass, reduced LV function, recurrent admissions for diarrhea and hypotension several times in November and was admitted yesterday because of having diarrhea with hypotension and acute renal insufficiency secondary to that.  Because of her pre-existing coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy with EF of about 30%, we were consulted to evaluate the patient.  The patient denies any chest pain or chest pressure.  Denies any palpitations.  No bleeding difficulty.  No dizzy spells.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:,CONSTITUTIONAL:  No fever or chills.,EYES:  No visual disturbances.,ENT:  No difficulty swallowing.,CARDIOVASCULAR:  Basically, no angina or chest pressure.  No palpitations.,RESPIRATORY:  No wheezes.,GI:  No abdominal pain, although she had diarrhea.,GU:  No specific symptoms.,MUSCULOSKELETAL:  Have sores on the back.,NEUROLOGIC:  Have dementia.,All other systems are otherwise unremarkable as far as the patient can give me information.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,1.  Positive for coronary artery disease for about two to three years.,2.  Hypertension.,3.  Anemia.,4.  Chronic renal insufficiency.,5.  Congestive heart failure with EF of 25% to 30%.,6.  Osteoporosis.,7.  Compression fractures.,8.  Diabetes mellitus.,9.  Hypothyroidism.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY:,1.  Coronary artery bypass grafting x3 in 2008.,2.  Cholecystectomy.,3.  Amputation of the right second toe.,4.  ICD implantation.,CURRENT MEDICATIONS AT HOME:,1.  Amoxicillin.,2.  Clavulanic acid or Augmentin every 12 hours.,3.  Clopidogrel 75 mg daily.,4.  Simvastatin 20 mg daily.,5.  Sodium bicarbonate 650 mg twice daily.,6.  Gabapentin 300 mg.,7.  Levothyroxine once daily.,8.  Digoxin 125 mcg daily.,9.  Fenofibrate 145 mg daily.,10.  Aspirin 81 mg daily.,11.  Raloxifene once daily.,12.  Calcium carbonate and alendronate.,13.  Metoprolol 25 mg daily.,14.  Brimonidine ophthalmic once daily.,ALLERGIES: , She has no known allergies.,FAMILY HISTORY:
Cardiology Progress Note 
Medical specialty:  Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
 Problem of essential hypertension.  Symptoms that suggested intracranial pathology.

SUBJECTIVE:,  The patient is a 78-year-old female with the problem of essential hypertension.  She has symptoms that suggested intracranial pathology, but so far work-up has been negative.,She is taking hydrochlorothiazide 25-mg once a day and K-Dur 10-mEq once a day with adequate control of her blood pressure.  She denies any chest pain, shortness of breath, PND, ankle swelling, or dizziness.,OBJECTIVE:,  Heart rate is 80 and blood pressure is 130/70.  Head and neck are unremarkable.  Heart sounds are normal.  Abdomen is benign.  Extremities are without edema.,ASSESSMENT AND PLAN:,  The patient reports that she had an echocardiogram done in the office of Dr. Sample Doctor4 and was told that she had a massive heart attack in the past.  I have not had the opportunity to review any investigative data like chest x-ray, echocardiogram, EKG, etc.  So, I advised her to have a chest x-ray and an EKG done before her next appointment, and we will try to get hold of the echocardiogram on her from the office of Dr. Sample Doctor4.  In the meantime, she is doing quite well, and she was advised to continue her current medication and return to the office in three months for followup.
Cardioversion - Unsuccessful 
Medical specialty:  Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
 Cardioversion.  Unsuccessful direct current cardioversion with permanent atrial fibrillation.

REASON FOR EXAM: , Atrial flutter/cardioversion.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , The procedure was explained to the patient with risks and benefits.  The patient agreed and signed the consent form.  The patient received sedation prior to the cardioversion with a transesophageal echo as dictated earlier with a total of 50 mcg of fentanyl and 6 mg of Versed.  The pads were applied in the anterior-posterior approach.  The synchronized cardioversion with biphasic energy delivered at 150 J. First attempt was unsuccessful.  Second attempt at 200 J with anterior-posterior approach.  With biphasic synchronized energy delivered was also unsuccessful with degeneration of the atrial flutter into atrial fibrillation.,The patient was decided to be on wave control and amiodarone and reattempted cardioversion after anticoagulation for four to six weeks and because of the reduced LV function, the success of the rate without antiarrhythmic may be low.,IMPRESSION: , Unsuccessful direct current cardioversion with permanent atrial fibrillation.
Cardiology Office Visit - 2 
Medical specialty:  Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
 Cardiology office visit sample note.

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:,  This 57-year-old black female was seen in my office on Month DD, YYYY for further evaluation and management of hypertension.  Patient has severe backache secondary to disc herniation.  Patient has seen an orthopedic doctor and is scheduled for surgery.  Patient also came to my office for surgical clearance.  Patient had cardiac cath approximately four years ago, which was essentially normal.  Patient is documented to have morbid obesity and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.  Patient does not use a CPAP mask.  Her exercise tolerance is eight to ten feet for shortness of breath.  Patient also has two-pillow orthopnea.  She has intermittent pedal edema.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:  ,VITAL SIGNS:  Blood pressure is 135/70.  Respirations 18 per minute.  Heart rate 70 beats per minute.  Weight 258 pounds.,HEENT:  Head normocephalic.  Eyes, no evidence of anemia or jaundice.  Oral hygiene is good. ,NECK:  Supple.  JVP is flat.  Carotid upstroke is good. ,LUNGS:  Clear. ,CARDIOVASCULAR:  There is no murmur or gallop heard over the precordium. ,ABDOMEN:  Soft.  There is no hepatosplenomegaly. ,EXTREMITIES:  The patient has no pedal edema.  ,MEDICATIONS:  ,1.  BuSpar 50 mg daily.,2.  Diovan 320/12.5 daily.,3.  Lotrel 10/20 daily.,4.  Zetia 10 mg daily.,5.  Ambien 10 mg at bedtime.,6.  Fosamax 70 mg weekly.,DIAGNOSES:,1.  Controlled hypertension.,2.  Morbid obesity.,3.  Osteoarthritis.,4.  Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.,5.  Normal coronary arteriogram.,6.  Severe backache.,PLAN:,1.  Echocardiogram, stress test.,2  Routine blood tests.,3.  Sleep apnea study.,4.  Patient will be seen again in my office in two weeks.
Cardiology Progress Note - 1 
Medical specialty:  Cardiovascular / Pulmonary
  Congestive heart failure due to rapid atrial fibrillation and systolic dysfunction.

SUBJECTIVE: , The patient is not in acute distress.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,VITAL SIGNS:  Blood pressure of 121/63, pulse is 75, and O2 saturation is 94% on room air.,HEAD AND NECK:  Face is symmetrical.  Cranial nerves are intact.,CHEST:  There is prolonged expiration.,CARDIOVASCULAR:  First and second heart sounds are heard.  No murmur was appreciated.,ABDOMEN:  Soft and nontender.  Bowel sounds are positive.,EXTREMITIES:  He has 2+ pedal swelling.,NEUROLOGIC:  The patient is asleep, but easily arousable.,LABORATORY DATA:,  PTT is 49.  INR is pending.  BUN is improved to 20.6, creatinine is 0.7, sodium is 123, and potassium is 3.8.  AST is down to 45 and ALT to 99.,DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES: , Nuclear stress test showed moderate size, mostly fixed defect involving the inferior wall with a small area of peri-infarct ischemia.  Ejection fraction is 25%.,ASSESSMENT AND PLAN:,1.  Congestive heart failure due to rapid atrial fibrillation and systolic dysfunction.  Continue current treatment as per Cardiology.  We will consider adding ACE inhibitors as renal function improves.,2.  Acute pulmonary edema, resolved.,3.  Rapid atrial fibrillation, rate controlled.  The patient is on beta-blockers and digoxin.  Continue Coumadin.  Monitor INR.,4.  Coronary artery disease with ischemic cardiomyopathy.  Continue beta-blockers.,5.  Urinary tract infection.  Continue Rocephin.,6.  Bilateral perfusion secondary to congestive heart failure.  We will monitor.,7.  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, stable.,8.  Abnormal liver function due to congestive heart failure with liver congestion, improving.,9.  Rule out hypercholesterolemia.  We will check lipid profile.,10.  Tobacco smoking disorder.  The patient has been counseled.,11.  Hyponatremia, stable.  This is due to fluid overload.  Continue diuresis as per Nephrology.,12.  Deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis.  The patient is on heparin drip.