harishnair04/mtsamples huggingface dataset:
Surgical Closure of Gastrostomy 
Medical specialty:  Gastroenterology
 Closure of gastrostomy placed due to feeding difficulties. 

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Gastrostomy (gastrocutaneous fistula).,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Gastrostomy (gastrocutaneous fistula).,OPERATION PERFORMED: , Surgical closure of gastrostomy.,ANESTHESIA: , General.,INDICATIONS: , This 1-year-old child had a gastrostomy placed due to feeding difficulties.  Since then, he has reached a point where he is now eating completely by mouth and no longer needed the gastrostomy.  The tube was, therefore, removed, but the tract has not shown signs of spontaneous closure.  He, therefore, comes to the operating room today for surgical closure of his gastrostomy.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE: , After the induction of general anesthetic, the abdomen was prepped and draped in the usual manner.  An elliptical incision was made around the gastrostomy site and carried down through skin and subcutaneous tissue with sharp dissection.  The tract and the stomach were freed.  Stay sutures were then placed on either side of the tract.  The tract was amputated.  The intervening stomach was then closed with interrupted #4-0 Lembert, Nurolon sutures.  The fascia was then closed over the stomach using #3-0 Vicryl sutures.  The skin was closed with #5-0 subcuticular Monocryl.  A dressing was applied, and the child was awakened and taken to the recovery room in satisfactory condition.
SOAP - Cholecystitis 
Medical specialty:  Gastroenterology
 She is a 79-year-old female who came in with acute cholecystitis and underwent attempted laparoscopic cholecystectomy 8 days ago.  The patient has required conversion to an open procedure due to difficult anatomy.  Her postoperative course has been lengthened due to a prolonged ileus, which resolved with tetracycline and Reglan.  The patient is starting to improve, gain more strength.  She is tolerating her regular diet.

SUBJECTIVE: , She is a 79-year-old female who came in with acute cholecystitis and underwent attempted laparoscopic cholecystectomy 8 days ago.  The patient has required conversion to an open procedure due to difficult anatomy.  Her postoperative course has been lengthened due to a prolonged ileus, which resolved with tetracycline and Reglan.  The patient is starting to improve, gain more strength.  She is tolerating her regular diet.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,VITAL SIGNS:  Today, her temperature is 98.4, heart rate 84, respirations 20, and BP is 140/72.,LUNGS:  Clear to auscultation.  No wheezes, rales, or rhonchi.,HEART:  Regular rhythm and rate.,ABDOMEN:  Soft, less tender.,LABORATORY DATA:,  Her white count continues to come down.  Today, it is 11.6, H&H of 8.8 and 26.4, platelets 359,000.  We have ordered type and cross for 2 units of packed red blood cells.  If it drops below 25, she will receive a transfusion.  Her electrolytes today show a glucose of 107, sodium 137, potassium 4.0, chloride 103.2, bicarbonate 29.7.  Her AST is 43, ALT is 223, her alkaline phosphatase is 214, and her bilirubin is less than 0.10.,ASSESSMENT AND PLAN:,  She had a bowel movement today and is continuing to improve.,I anticipate another 3 days in the hospital for strengthening and continued TPN and resolution of elevated white count.
Rectal Bleeding - 1-year-old 
Medical specialty:  Gastroenterology
 Pediatric Gastroenterology - Rectal Bleeding Consult.

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:,  This is a 1-year-old male patient who was admitted on 12/23/2007 with a history of rectal bleeding.  He was doing well until about 2 days prior to admission and when he passes hard stools, there was bright red blood in the stool.  He had one more episode that day of stool; the stool was hard with blood in it.  Then, he had one episode of rectal bleeding yesterday and again one stool today, which was soft and consistent with dark red blood in it.  No history of fever, no diarrhea, no history of easy bruising.  Excessive bleeding from minor cut.  He has been slightly fussy.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:  ,Nothing significant.,PREGNANCY DELIVERY AND NURSERY COURSE: , He was born full term without complications.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , None.,SIGNIFICANT ILLNESS AND REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , Negative for heart disease, lung disease, history of cancer, blood pressure problems, or bleeding problems.,DIET:,  Regular table food, 24 ounces of regular milk.  He is n.p.o. now.,TRAVEL HISTORY: , Negative.,IMMUNIZATION: , Up-to-date.,ALLERGIES: , None.,MEDICATIONS: , None, but he is on IV Zantac now.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , He lives with parents and siblings.,FAMILY HISTORY:,  Nothing significant.,LABORATORY EVALUATION: , On 12/24/2007, WBC 8.4, hemoglobin 7.6, hematocrit 23.2 and platelets 314,000.  Sodium 135, potassium 4.7, chloride 110, CO2 20, BUN 6 and creatinine 0.3.  Albumin 3.3.  AST 56 and ALT 26.  CRP less than 0.3.  Stool rate is still negative.,DIAGNOSTIC DATA: , CT scan of the abdomen was read as normal.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:  ,VITAL SIGNS:  Temperature 99.5 degrees Fahrenheit, pulse 142 per minute and respirations 28 per minute.  Weight 9.6 kilogram.,GENERAL:  He is alert and active child in no apparent distress.,HEENT:  Atraumatic and normocephalic.  Pupils are equal, round and reactive to light.  Extraocular movements, conjunctivae and sclerae fair.  Nasal mucosa pink and moist.  Pharynx is clear.,NECK:  Supple without thyromegaly or masses.,LUNGS:  Good air entry bilaterally.  No rales or wheezing.,ABDOMEN:  Soft and nondistended.  Bowel sounds positive.  No mass palpable.,GENITALIA:  Normal male.,RECTAL:  Deferred, but there was no perianal lesion.,MUSCULOSKELETAL:  Full range of movement.  No edema.  No cyanosis.,CNS:  Alert, active and playful.,IMPRESSION: , A 1-year-old male patient with history of rectal bleeding.  Possibilities include Meckel's diverticulum, polyp, infection and vascular malformation.,PLAN:,  To proceed with Meckel scan today.  If Meckel scan is negative, we will consider upper endoscopy and colonoscopy.  We will start colon clean out if Meckel scan is negative.  We will send his stool for C. diff toxin, culture, blood for RAST test for cow milk, soy, wheat and egg.  Monitor hemoglobin.
Status Post Liver Transplant 
Medical specialty:  Gastroenterology
 A 10-year-old with a history of biliary atresia and status post orthotopic liver transplantation.

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:,  This is a 10-year-old who was found with biliary atresia and underwent a Kasai procedure and did not really well because she ended up having a liver transplant.  The patient did well after the liver transplant and the only problems started:,1.  History of food allergies.,2.  History of dental cavities.,At this time, the patient came for a followup and is complaining of a left upper molar pain.  There are no other complaints.,DIET: , Lactose-limited diet.,MEDICATIONS: , Please see the MRC form.,ALLERGIES: , There are no allergies.,SOCIAL HISTORY:,  The patient lives with the parents in Lindsay, California and has a good environment.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Negative for gastrointestinal illness except that a sibling has ulcerative colitis.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , The system review was only positive for molar pain, but rest of the 13 review of systems were negative to date.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:  ,MEASUREMENTS:  Height 135 cm and weight 28.1 kg.,VITAL SIGNS:  Temperature 98.9 and blood pressure 105/57.,GENERAL:  A well-developed, well-nourished child in no acute distress.,HEENT:  Atraumatic and normocephalic.  The pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light.  Full EOMs.  The conjunctivae and sclerae are clear.  The TMs show normal landmarks.  The nasal mucosa is pink and moist.  The teeth and gums are in good condition.  The pharynx is clear.,NECK:  Supple, without thyromegaly and without masses.,LYMPHATIC:  No adenopathy.,LUNGS:  Clear to auscultation, with no retractions.,CORONARY:  Regular rhythm without murmur.  S1 and S2 are normal.  The pulses are full and symmetrical bilaterally.,ABDOMEN:  Normal bowel sounds.  No hepatosplenomegaly, no masses, and no tenderness.,GENITALIA:  Normal female by inspection.,SKIN:  No unusual lesions.,BACK:  No scoliosis, hairy patch, lipoma, or sacral dimple.,EXTREMITIES:  No cyanosis, clubbing, or edema.,CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:  Developmentally appropriate for age.  DTRs are 2+ and symmetrical.  The toes are downgoing bilaterally.  Motor and sensory without asymmetry.  Cranial nerves II through XII are grossly intact.,LABORATORY DATA:,  Laboratory data from 12/30/2007 tacrolimus 3.1 and negative Epstein-Barr, CMV was not detected.,FINAL IMPRESSION:,  This is a 10-year-old with history of:,1.  Biliary atresia.,2.  Status post orthotopic liver transplantation.,3.  Dental cavities.,4.  Food allergies.,5.  History of urinary tract infections.,PLAN: , Our plan would be to continue with the medications as follows:,1.  Prograf 0.5 mg p.o. b.i.d.,2.  Valganciclovir 420 mg p.o. b.i.d.,3.  Labs every 2 to 3 months.,4.  To return to clinic in 4 months.,5.  To refer this patient to a pediatric dentist for assessment of the dental cavities.
Small Bowel Obstruction 
Medical specialty:  Gastroenterology
 History of abdominal pain, obstipation, and distention with nausea and vomiting - paralytic ileus and mechanical obstruction.

CHIEF COMPLAINT:,  Patient AF is a 50-year-old hepatitis C positive African-American man presenting with a 2-day history of abdominal pain and distention with nausea and vomiting.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , AF's symptoms began 2 days ago, and he has not passed gas or had any bowel movements.  He has not eaten anything, and has vomited 8 times.  AF reports 10/10 pain in the LLQ.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,  AF's past medical history is significant for an abdominal injury during the Vietnam War which required surgery, and multiple episodes of small bowel obstruction and abdominal pain.  Other elements of his history include alcoholism, cocaine abuse, alcoholic hepatitis, hepatitis C positive, acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, appendicitis, liver hematoma/contusion, Hodgkin's Disease, constipation, diarrhea, paralytic ileus, anemia, multiple blood transfusions, chorioretinitis, pneumonia, and "crack chest pain" ,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY: , AF has had multiple abdominal surgeries, including Bill Roth Procedure Type 1 (partial gastrectomy) during Vietnam War, at least 2 exploratory laparotomies and enterolysis procedures (1993; 2000), and appendectomy,MEDICATIONS:,  None.,ALLERGIES:,  Iodine, IV contrast (anaphylaxis), and seafood/shellfish.,FAMILY HISTORY:,  Noncontributory.,SOCIAL HISTORY:,  AF was born and raised in San Francisco.  His father was an alcoholic.  He currently lives with his sister, and does not work; he collects a pension.,HEALTH-RELATED BEHAVIORS:,  AF reports that he smokes 1 to 2 cigarettes per day, and drinks 40 ounces of beer per day.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , Noncontributory, except that patient reports a 6 pound weight loss since his symptoms began, and reports multiple transfusions for anemia.,PHYSICAL EXAM:,Vital Signs:  T:  37.1
Rectal Bleeding - Consult 
Medical specialty:  Gastroenterology
 A 68-year-old male with history of bilateral hernia repair, who presents with 3 weeks of diarrhea and 1 week of rectal bleeding.  He states that he had some stomach discomfort in the last 4 weeks.  

REASON FOR ADMISSION: , Rectal bleeding.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:  ,The patient is a very pleasant 68-year-old male with history of bilateral hernia repair, who presents with 3 weeks of diarrhea and 1 week of rectal bleeding.  He states that he had some stomach discomfort in the last 4 weeks.  He has had some physical therapy for his lower back secondary to pain after hernia repair.  He states that the pain worsened after this.  He has had previous history of rectal bleeding and a colonoscopy approximately 8 years ago that was normal.  He denies any dysuria.  He denies any hematemesis.  He denies any pleuritic chest pain.  He denies any hemoptysis.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,1.  History of bilateral hernia repair by Dr. X in 8/2008.,2.  History of rectal bleeding.,ALLERGIES: , NONE.,MEDICATIONS:,1.  Cipro.,2.  Lomotil.,FAMILY HISTORY: , Noncontributory.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , No tobacco, alcohol or IV drug use.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , As per the history of present illness otherwise unremarkable.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,VITAL SIGNS:  The patient is afebrile.  Pulse 117, respirations 18, and blood pressure 117/55.  Saturating 98% on room air.,GENERAL:  The patient is alert and oriented x3.,HEENT:  Pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation.  Extraocular movements are intact.  Oropharynx is clear without exudates.,NECK:  Supple.  No thyromegaly.  No jugular venous distention.,HEART:  Tachycardic.  Regular rhythm without murmurs, rubs or gallops.,LUNGS:  Clear to auscultation bilaterally both anteriorly and posteriorly.,ABDOMEN:  Positive bowel sounds.  Soft and nontender with no guarding.,EXTREMITIES:  No clubbing, cyanosis or edema in the upper or lower extremities.,NEUROLOGIC:  Nonfocal.,LABORATORY STUDIES:,  Sodium 131, potassium 3.9, chloride 94, CO2 25, BUN 15, creatinine 0.9, glucose 124, INR 1.2, troponin less than 0.04, white count 17.5, hemoglobin 12.3, and platelet count 278 with 91% neutrophils.  EKG shows sinus tachycardia.,PROBLEM LIST:,1.  Colitis.,2.  Sepsis.,3.  Rectal bleeding.,RECOMMENDATIONS:,1.  GI consult with Dr. Y's group.,2.  Continue Levaquin and Flagyl.,3.  IV fluids.,4.  Send for fecal WBCs, O&P, and C. diff.,5.  CT of the abdomen and pelvis to rule out abdominal pathology.,6.  PPI for PUD prophylaxis.
Sigmoidoscopy - 1 
Medical specialty:  Gastroenterology
 Sigmoidoscopy performed for evaluation of anemia, gastrointestinal Bleeding.

PROCEDURE: , Sigmoidoscopy.,INDICATIONS:,  Performed for evaluation of anemia, gastrointestinal Bleeding.,MEDICATIONS: , Fentanyl (Sublazine) 0.1 mg IV Versed (midazolam) 1 mg IV,BIOPSIES: , No BRUSHINGS:,PROCEDURE:,  A history and physical examination were performed.  The procedure, indications, potential complications (bleeding, perforation, infection, adverse medication reaction), and alternative available were explained to the patient who appeared to understand and indicated this.  Opportunity for questions was provided and informed consent obtained.  After placing the patient in the left lateral decubitus position, the sigmoidoscope was inserted into the rectum and under direct visualization advanced to 25 cm.  Careful inspection was made as the sigmoidoscope was withdrawn.  The quality of the prep was good.  The procedure was stopped due to patient discomfort.  The patient otherwise tolerated the procedure well.  There were no complications.,FINDINGS: , Was unable to pass scope beyond 25 cm because of stricture vs very short bends secondary to multiple previous surgeries.  Retroflexed examination of the rectum revealed small hemorrhoids.  External hemorrhoids were found.  Other than the findings noted above, the visualized colonic segments were normal.,IMPRESSION: , Internal hemorrhoids  External hemorrhoids  Unable to pass scope beyond 25 cm due either to stricture or very sharp bend secondary to multiple surgeries.  Unsuccessful Sigmoidoscopy.  Otherwise Normal Sigmoidoscopy to 25 cm.  External hemorrhoids were found.
Paracentesis - Ultrasound-Guided 
Medical specialty:  Gastroenterology
 Ultrasound-Guided Paracentesis for Ascites

EXAM:,  Ultrasound-guided paracentesis,HISTORY: , Ascites.,TECHNIQUE AND FINDINGS:  ,Informed consent was obtained from the patient after the risks and benefits of the procedure were thoroughly explained.  Ultrasound demonstrates free fluid in the abdomen.  The area of interest was localized with ultrasonography.  The region was sterilely prepped and draped in the usual manner.  Local anesthetic was administered.  A 5-French Yueh catheter needle combination was taken.  Upon crossing into the peritoneal space and aspiration of fluid, the catheter was advanced out over the needle.  A total of approximately 5500 mL of serous fluid was obtained.  The catheter was then removed.  The patient tolerated the procedure well with no immediate postprocedure complications.,IMPRESSION: , Ultrasound-guided paracentesis as above.
Postop Transanal Excision 
Medical specialty:  Gastroenterology
 Bleeding after transanal excision five days ago.  Exam under anesthesia with control of bleeding via cautery.  The patient is a 42-year-old gentleman who is five days out from transanal excision of a benign anterior base lesion.  He presents today with diarrhea and bleeding.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Bleeding after transanal excision five days ago.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Bleeding after transanal excision five days ago.,PROCEDURE:,  Exam under anesthesia with control of bleeding via cautery.,ANESTHESIA:,  General endotracheal.,INDICATION: , The patient is a 42-year-old gentleman who is five days out from transanal excision of a benign anterior base lesion.  He presents today with diarrhea and bleeding.  Digital exam reveals bright red blood on the finger.  He is for exam under anesthesia and control of hemorrhage at this time.,FINDINGS: , There was an ulcer where most of the polypoid lesion had been excised before.  In a near total fashion the wound had opened and again there was a raw ulcer surface in between the edges of the mucosa.  There were a few discrete sites of mild oozing, which were treated with cautery and #1 suture.  No other obvious bleeding was seen.,TECHNIQUE: , The patient was taken to the operating room and placed on the operative table in supine position.  After adequate general anesthesia was induced, the patient was then placed in modified prone position.  His buttocks were taped, prepped and draped in a sterile fashion.  The anterior rectal wall was exposed using a Parks anal retractor.  The entire wound was visualized with a few rotations of the retractor and a few sites along the edges were seen to be oozing and were touched up with cautery.  There was one spot in the corner that was oozing and this may have been from simply opening the retractor enough to see well.  This was controlled with a 3-0 Monocryl figure-of-eight suture.  At the completion, there was no bleeding, no oozing, it was completely dry, and we removed our retractor, and the patient was then turned and extubated and taken to the recovery room in stable condition.
PEG Tube 
Medical specialty:  Gastroenterology
 Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube.  Protein-calorie malnutrition.  The patient was unable to sustain enough caloric intake and had markedly decreased albumin stores.  After discussion with the patient and the son, they agreed to place a PEG tube for nutritional supplementation.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Protein-calorie malnutrition.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Protein-calorie malnutrition.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:, Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube.,ANESTHESIA: , Conscious sedation per Anesthesia.,SPECIMEN: , None.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,HISTORY:  ,The patient is a 73-year-old male who was admitted to the hospital with some mentation changes.  He was unable to sustain enough caloric intake and had markedly decreased albumin stores.  After discussion with the patient and the son, they agreed to place a PEG tube for nutritional supplementation.,PROCEDURE: , After informed consent was obtained, the patient was brought to the endoscopy suite.  He was placed in the supine position and was given IV sedation by the Anesthesia Department.  An EGD was performed from above by Dr. X.  The stomach was transilluminated and an optimal position for the PEG tube was identified using the single poke method.  The skin was infiltrated with local and the needle and sheath were inserted through the abdomen into the stomach under direct visualization.  The needle was removed and a guidewire was inserted through the sheath.  The guidewire was grasped from above with a snare by the endoscopist.  It was removed completely and the Ponsky PEG tube was secured to the guidewire.,The guidewire and PEG tube were then pulled through the mouth and esophagus and snug to the abdominal wall.  There was no evidence of bleeding.  Photos were taken.  The Bolster was placed on the PEG site.  A complete dictation for the EGD will be done separately by Dr. X.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was transferred to recovery room in stable condition.  He will be started on tube feedings in 6 hours with aspiration precautions and dietary to determine his nutritional goal.
Paracentesis 
Medical specialty:  Gastroenterology
 Paracentesis.  A large abdominal mass, which was cystic in nature and the radiologist inserted a pigtail catheter in the emergency room. 

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Abdominal mass.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Abdominal mass.,PROCEDURE:,  Paracentesis.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:  ,This 64-year-old female has stage II endometrial carcinoma, which had been resected before and treated with chemotherapy and radiation.  At the present time, the patient is under radiation treatment.  Two weeks ago or so, she developed a large abdominal mass, which was cystic in nature and the radiologist inserted a pigtail catheter in the emergency room.  We proceeded to admit the patient and drained a significant amount of clear fluid in the subsequent days.  The cytology of the fluid was negative and the culture was also negative.  Eventually, the patient was sent home with the pigtail shut off and the patient a week later underwent a repeat CAT scan of the abdomen and pelvis.,The CAT scan showed accumulation of the fluid and the mass almost achieving 80% of the previous size.  Therefore, I called the patient home and she came to the emergency department where the service was provided.  At that time, I proceeded to work on the pigtail catheter after obtaining an informed consent and preparing and draping the area in the usual fashion.  Unfortunately, the catheter was open.  I did not have a drainage system at that time.  So, I withdrew directly with a syringe 700 mL of clear fluid.  The system was connected to the draining bag, and the patient was instructed to keep a log and how to use equipment.  She was given an appointment to see me in the office next Monday, which is three days from now.