harishnair04/mtsamples huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Consultation - 1 
Medical specialty:  Sleep Medicine
 Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.  Loud snoring.  Schedule an overnight sleep study.

CHIEF COMPLAINT:,  Rule out obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.,Sample Patient is a pleasant, 61-year-old, obese, African-American male with a past medical history significant for hypertension, who presents to the Outpatient Clinic with complaints of loud snoring and witnessed apnea episodes by his wife for at least the past five years.  He denies any gasping, choking, or coughing episodes while asleep at night.  His bedtime is between 10 to 11 p.m., has no difficulty falling asleep, and is usually out of bed around 7 a.m. feeling refreshed.  He has two to three episodes of nocturia per night.  He denies any morning symptoms.  He has mild excess daytime sleepiness manifested by dozing off during boring activities.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY:,  Hypertension, gastritis, and low back pain.,PAST SURGICAL HISTORY:,  TURP.,MEDICATIONS:,  Hytrin, Motrin, Lotensin, and Zantac.,ALLERGIES:,  None.,FAMILY HISTORY:,  Hypertension.,SOCIAL HISTORY:,  Significant for about a 20-pack-year tobacco use, quit in 1991.  No ethanol use or illicit drug use.  He is married.  He has one dog at home.  He used to be employed at Budd Automotors as a die setter for about 37 to 40 years.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:,  His weight has been steady over the years.  Neck collar size is 17½".  He denies any chest pain, cough, or shortness of breath.  Last chest x-ray within the past year, per his report, was normal.,PHYSICAL EXAM:,  A pleasant, obese, African-American male in no apparent respiratory distress.  T:  98.  P:  90.  RR:  20.  BP:  156/90.  O2 saturation:  97% on room air.  Ht:  5' 5".  Wt:  198 lb.  HEENT:  A short thick neck, low-hanging palate, enlarged scalloped tongue, narrow foreshortened pharynx, clear nares, and no JVD.  CARDIAC:  Regular rate and rhythm without any adventitious sounds.  CHEST:  Clear lungs bilaterally. ABDOMEN:  An obese abdomen with active bowel sounds.  EXTREMITIES:  No cyanosis, clubbing, or edema.  NEUROLOGIC:  Non-focal.,IMPRESSION:,1.  Probable obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.,2.  Hypertension.,3.  Obesity.,4.  History of tobacco use.,PLAN:,1.  We will schedule an overnight sleep study to evaluate obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.,2.  Encouraged weight loss.,3.  Check TSH.,4.  Asked not to drive and engage in any activity that could endanger himself or others while sleepy.,5.  Asked to return to the clinic one week after sleep the study is done.
Sleep Study Interpretation 
Medical specialty:  Sleep Medicine
 Sleep study - patient with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea with snoring.

PROCEDURE:, Sleep study.,CLINICAL INFORMATION:, This patient is a 56-year-old gentleman who had symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea with snoring, hypertension. The test was done 01/24/06. The patient weighed 191 pounds, five feet, seven inches tall.,SLEEP QUESTIONNAIRE:, According to the patient's own estimate, the patient took about 15 minutes to fall asleep, slept for six and a half hours, did have some dreams. Did not wake up and the sleep was less refreshing. He was sleepy in the morning.,STUDY PROTOCOL:, An all night polysomnogram was recorded with a Compumedics E Series digital polysomnograph. After the scalp was prepared, Ag/AgCl electrodes were applied to the scalp according to the International 10-20 System. EEG was monitored from C4-A1, C3-A2, O2-A1 and O2-A1. EOG and EMG were continuously monitored by electrodes placed at the outer canthi and chin respectively. Nasal and oral airflow were monitored using a triple port Thermistor. Respiratory effort was measured by piezoelectric technology employing an abdominal and thoracic belt. Blood oxygen saturation was continuously monitored by pulse oximetry. Heart rate and rhythm were monitored by surface electrocardiography. Anterior tibialis EMG was studied by using surface mounted electrodes placed 5 cm apart on both legs. Body position and snoring level were also monitored.,TECHNICAL QUALITY OF STUDY:, Good.,ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC MEASUREMENTS:, Total recording time 406 minutes, total sleep time 365 minutes, sleep latency 25.5 minutes, REM latency 49 minutes, _____ 90%, sleep latency measured 86%. _____ period was obtained. The patient spent 10% of the time awake in bed.,Stage I: 3.8,Stage II: 50.5,Stage III: 14%,Stage REM: 21.7%,The patient had relatively good sleep architecture, except for excessive waking.,RESPIRATORY MEASUREMENTS:, Total apnea/hypopnea 75, age index 12.3 per hour. REM age index 15 per hour. Total arousal 101, arousal index 15.6 per hour. Oxygen desaturation was down to 88%. Longest event 35 second hypopnea with an FiO2 of 94%. Total limb movements 92, PRM index 15.1 per hour. PRM arousal index 8.9 per hour.,ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS:, Heart rate while asleep 60 to 64 per minute, while awake 70 to 78 per minute.,CONCLUSIONS:, Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with moderately loud snoring and significant apnea/hypopnea index.,RECOMMENDATIONS:,AXIS B: Overnight polysomnography.,AXIS C: Hypertension.,The patient should return for nasal CPAP titration. Sleep apnea if not treated, may lead to chronic hypertension, which may have cardiovascular consequences. Excessive daytime sleepiness, dysfunction and memory loss may also occur.
Polysomnography 
Medical specialty:  Sleep Medicine
 The patient was monitored for EEG, EOG, jaw and leg EMG, thoracoabdominal impedance, oral/nasal thermistors, EKG, and oximetry.  The test was performed due to suspicion of sleep apnea and poor sleep quality with frequent awakenings.

PROCEDURE:,  The test was performed in an observed hospital laboratory.  The patient was monitored for EEG, EOG, jaw and leg EMG, thoracoabdominal impedance, oral/nasal thermistors, EKG, and oximetry.  The test was performed due to suspicion of sleep apnea and poor sleep quality with frequent awakenings.,The patient's height 6 feet, 1 inch and his weight 260 pounds.,DETAILS: , Total sleep period 377 minutes, total sleep time 241 minutes, sleep onset 33 minutes, and sleep efficiency 64%.  Stage I 9%, stage II 59%, stage III 23%, and REM stage 9%.  There were 306 apneas and hypopnea with apnea/hypopnea index 76.  Out of them 109 apneas and 197 hypopneas.  There were 40 arousals with index 9.9.  Mean oxygen saturation 91% with lowest oxygen saturation 70%.  A 19% of sleep time was spent with oxygen saturation less than 90% and 1% with less than 80%.  Oxygen saturation during awake 95%.  The patient slept in supine left side and right side, no preferred body position identified for apneas.  Average pulse 85 BPMs with lowest 61 and highest 116 BPMs.  No significant snoring throughout the study.  No significant leg jerk movement.,SUMMARY: , Severe obstructive sleep apnea with apnea/hypopnea index 76 and respiratory disturbance index 9.9.  Suggest weight loss, thyroid function evaluation, and CPAP titration study.
Electroencephalogram - 3 
Medical specialty:  Sleep Medicine
 Abnormal electroencephalogram revealing generalized poorly organized slowing, with more prominent slowing noted at the right compared to the left hemisphere head regions and rare sharp wave activity noted bilaterally, somewhat more prevalent on the right. 

IMPRESSION:,  Abnormal electroencephalogram revealing generalized poorly organized slowing, with more prominent slowing noted at the right compared to the left hemisphere head regions and rare sharp wave activity noted bilaterally, somewhat more prevalent on the right.  Clinical correlation is suggested.
Electroencephalogram - 2 
Medical specialty:  Sleep Medicine
 Electroencephalogram (EEG).  This is an 18-channel recording obtained using the standard scalp and referential electrodes observing the 10/20 international system.

REPORT:  ,This is an 18-channel recording obtained using the standard scalp and referential electrodes observing the 10/20 international system.  The patient was reported to be cooperative and was awake throughout the recording.,CLINICAL NOTE:  ,This is a 51-year-old male, who is being evaluated for dizziness.  Spontaneous activity is fairly well organized, characterized by low-to-medium voltage waves of about 8 to 9 Hz seen mainly from the posterior head region.  Intermixed with it is a moderate amount of low voltage fast activity seen from the anterior head region.,Eye opening caused a bilateral symmetrical block on the first run.  In addition to the above description, movement of muscle and other artifacts are seen.,On subsequent run, no additional findings were seen.,During subsequent run, again no additional findings were seen.,Hyperventilation was omitted.,Photic stimulation was performed, but no clear-cut photic driving was seen.,EKG was monitored during this recording and it showed normal sinus rhythm when monitored.,IMPRESSION:  ,This record is essentially within normal limits.  Clinical correlation is recommended.
Electroencephalography 
Medical specialty:  Sleep Medicine
 Electroencephalographic findings and interpretation

HISTORY:, This is a digital EEG performed on a 75-year-old male with seizures.,BACKGROUND ACTIVITY:, The background activity consists of a 8 Hz to 9 Hz rhythm arising in the posterior head region. This rhythm is also accompanied by some beta activity which occurs infrequently. There are also muscle contractions occurring at 4 Hz to 5 Hz which suggests possible Parkinson's. Part of the EEG is obscured by the muscle contraction artifact. There are also left temporal sharps occurring infrequently during the tracing. At one point of time, there was some slowing occurring in the right frontal head region.,ACTIVATION PROCEDURES:, Photic stimulation was performed and did not show any significant abnormality.,SLEEP PATTERNS:, No sleep architecture was observed during this tracing.,IMPRESSION:, This awake/alert/drowsy EEG is abnormal due to the presence of slowing in the right frontal head region, due to the presence of sharps arising in the left temporal head region, and due to the tremors. The slowing can be consistent with underlying structural abnormalities, so a stroke, subdural hematoma, etc., should be ruled out. The tremor probably represents a Parkinson's tremor and the sharps arising in the left temporal head region can potentially give way to seizures or may also represent underlying structural abnormalities, so clinical correlation is recommended.
Electroencephalogram - 1 
Medical specialty:  Sleep Medicine
 Electroencephalogram (EEG).  Photic stimulation reveals no important changes.  Essentially normal.

REPORT:,  The electroencephalogram shows background activity at about 9-10 cycle/second bilaterally.  Little activity in the beta range is noted.  Waves of 4-7 cycle/second of low amplitude were occasionally noted.  Abundant movements and technical artifacts are noted throughout this tracing.  Hyperventilation was not performed.  Photic stimulation reveals no important changes.,CLINICAL INTERPRETATION:,  The electroencephalogram is essentially normal.
Electroencephalogram - 4 
Medical specialty:  Sleep Medicine
 A 21-channel digital electroencephalogram was performed on a patient in the awake state.

PROCEDURE:,  A 21-channel digital electroencephalogram was performed on a patient in the awake state.  Per the technician's notes, the patient is taking Depakene.,The recording consists of symmetric 9 Hz alpha activity.  Throughout the recording, repetitive episodes of bursts of 3 per second spike and wave activity are noted.  The episodes last from approximately1 to 7 seconds.  The episodes are exacerbated by hyperventilation.,IMPRESSION:,  Abnormal electroencephalogram with repetitive bursts of 3 per second spike and wave activity exacerbated by hyperventilation.  This activity could represent true petit mal epilepsy.  Clinical correlation is suggested.
CPAP Titration Study 
Medical specialty:  Sleep Medicine
 The patient was monitored for EEG, EOG, jaw and leg EMG, thoracoabdominal impedance, oral/nasal thermistors, EKG, and oximetry.

PROCEDURE: , The test was performed in an observed hospital laboratory due to the evidence of obstructive sleep apnea.  The patient was monitored for EEG, EOG, jaw and leg EMG, thoracoabdominal impedance, oral/nasal thermistors, EKG, and oximetry.,CPAP TITRATION STUDY:,  Total sleep time 425 minutes, sleep onset 7.8 minutes, and sleep efficiency 95%.  Stage I 6%, stage II 53%, stage III 20%, and REM stage 15%, and awake 5%.  Number of awakenings 6.  Total arousals 36 with index 5.4, mild leg jerk movement with index 10.1.  There was one apnea and 17 hypopneas with apnea/hypopnea index 2.7.  The pressures required to prevent apnea/hypopnea varied between 5 and 11 cm H2O.  The optimal pressure was 11 cm H2O, which prevented all of the apneas/hypopneas.  The patient spent all his sleeping time in supine position.  Average oxygen saturation 94% with lowest oxygen saturation 89%.  Only less than 0.2 minutes was spent with oxygen saturation less than 90%.,SUMMARY: , Weight loss, PFTs if not done and CPAP with nasal mask at 11 cm H2O.
Rheumatoid Arthritis 
Medical specialty:  Rheumatology
 A sample note on Rheumatoid Arthritis

RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS, (or RA) is a chronic, systemic condition with primary involvement of the joints.  Joint inflammation is present due to an abnormal immune response in which the body attacks its own tissue.  Specifically, the tissues lining the joint are involved as well as cartilage and muscle and sometimes the eyes and blood vessels.  The cause of rheumatoid arthritis is obscure but it is associated with a family history, genetic and autoimmune problems, people ages 20-60, female gender 3:1 or a Native American background.,SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS:,*  Joint pain, swelling, redness, warmth.  Commonly involved joints are the small joints of the hands and feet and the ankles, wrists, knees, shoulders and elbows.,*  Multiple swollen joints (more than 3) with simultaneous involvement of same joints on opposite side of the body.,*  Morning stiffness that lasts longer than 30 minutes.,*  Difficulty making a fist; poor grip strength.,*  Night pain.,*  Feeling "sick" - low fever, loss of appetite, tiredness, generalized aching and stiffness, weakness.,*  Rheumatoid nodules under the skin, usually along the surface of tendons or over bony prominences.,*  Disease may lead to deformed joints, decreased vision, anemia, muscle weakness, peripheral nerve problems, pericarditis, enlarged spleen, increased frequency of infections.,*  Blood tests will reveal a positive rheumatoid factor (RF) to be present the majority of the time.,TREATMENT:,*  To diagnose RA, blood studies are done to detect a substance known as rheumatoid factor and x-rays may show typical findings.,*  Night splints for involved joints.  Avoid putting a pillow under the knees as this will contribute to joint contracture.,*  Heat helps relieve the pain; hot water soaks, whirlpool baths, heat lamps, heating pads, etc. applied to affected joints 15-20 minutes 3 times per day is helpful.,*  Sleep on a firm mattress and sleep at least 10-12 hours per night.  Get rest during the day; take naps.,*  Get bed rest during an active flare-up until symptoms subside.,*  Avoid humid weather if possible.,*  NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs).,*  DMARDs (disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs) - gold compounds, D-penicillamine, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, antimalarials.,*  Immunosuppressive drugs.,*  Acetaminophen (Tylenol) for pain relief only when necessary.,*  Oral corticosteroids short term; corticosteroid injection into joint can temporarily relieve pain and inflammation.,*  Exercise as recommended by your physician.  Exercise helps keep the joints limber and increases strength.  Swimming and water activities are a good way to workout.  Put all your joints through their full ranges of motion every day to prevent contractures. *  Physical therapy may be recommended.,*  Surgical intervention.,*  Lose excess weight as being overweight will only stress the joints further.,*  Eat a normal, well-balanced diet.
Electroencephalogram 
Medical specialty:  Sleep Medicine
 Normal awake and drowsy (stage I sleep) EEG for patient's age.

DESCRIPTION OF RECORD:  ,This tracing was obtained utilizing 27 paste-on gold-plated surface disc electrodes placed according to the International 10-20 system.  Electrode impedances were measured and reported at less than 5 kilo-ohms each.,FINDINGS: , In general, the background rhythms are bilaterally symmetrical.  During the resting awake state they are composed of moderate amounts of low amplitude fast activity intermixed with moderate amounts of well-modulated 9-10 Hz alpha activity best seen posteriorly.  The alpha activity attenuates with eye opening.,During some portions of the tracing the patient enters a drowsy state in which the background rhythms are composed predominantly of moderate amounts of low amplitude fast activity intermixed with moderate amounts of low to medium amplitude polymorphic theta activity.,There is no evidence of focal slowing or paroxysmal activity.,IMPRESSION: , Normal awake and drowsy (stage I sleep) EEG for patient's age.
Rheumatology Progress Note 
Medical specialty:  Rheumatology
 Epicondylitis. history of lupus.  Injected with 40-mg of Kenalog mixed with 1 cc of lidocaine.

SUBJECTIVE:,  The patient is here for a follow-up.  The patient has a history of lupus, currently on Plaquenil 200-mg b.i.d.  Eye report was noted and appreciated.  The patient states that she is having some aches and pains of the hands and elbows that started recently a few weeks ago.  She denied having any trauma.  She states that the pain is bothering her.  She denies having any fevers, chills, or any joint effusion or swelling at this point.  She noted also that there is some increase in her hair loss in the recent times.,OBJECTIVE:,  The patient is alert and oriented.  General physical exam is unremarkable.  Musculoskeletal exam reveals positive tenderness in both lateral epicondyles of both elbows, no effusion.  Hand examination is unremarkable today.  The rest of the musculoskeletal exam is unremarkable.,ASSESSMENT:,  Epicondylitis, both elbows, possibly secondary to lupus flare-up.,PLAN:,  We will inject both elbows with 40-mg of Kenalog mixed with 1 cc of lidocaine.  The posterior approach was chosen under sterile conditions.  The patient tolerated both procedures well.  I will obtain CBC and urinalysis today.  If the patient's pain does not improve, I will consider adding methotrexate to her therapy.,Sample Doctor M.D.
Rheumatoid Arthritis - Consult 
Medical specialty:  Rheumatology
 A 71-year-old female who I am seeing for the first time.  She has a history of rheumatoid arthritis for the last 6 years.  She is not on DMARD, but as she recently had a surgery followed by a probable infection.

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , A 71-year-old female who I am seeing for the first time.  She has a history of rheumatoid arthritis for the last 6 years.  She was followed by another rheumatologist.  She says she has been off and on, on prednisone and Arava.  The rheumatologist, as per the patient, would not want her to be on a long-term medicine, so he would give her prednisone and then switch to Arava and then switch her back to prednisone.  She says she had been on prednisone for the last 6 to 9 months.  She is on 5 mg a day.  She recently had a left BKA and there was a question of infection, so it had to be debrided.  I was consulted to see if her prednisone is to be continued.  The patient denies any joint pains at the present time.  She says when this started she had significant joint pains and was unable to walk.  She had pain in the hands and feet.  Currently, she has no pain in any of her joints.,REVIEW OF SYSTEMS: , Denies photosensitivity, oral or nasal ulcer, seizure, psychosis, and skin rashes.,PAST MEDICAL HISTORY: , Significant for hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, and left BKA.,FAMILY HISTORY:  ,Noncontributory.,SOCIAL HISTORY: , Denies tobacco, alcohol or illicit drugs.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:,VITAL SIGNS:  BP 130/70, heart rate 80, and respiratory rate 14.,HEENT:  EOMI.  PERRLA.,NECK:  Supple.  No JVD.  No lymphadenopathy.,CHEST:  Clear to auscultation.,HEART:  S1 and S2.  No S3, no murmurs.,ABDOMEN:  Soft and nontender.  No organomegaly.,EXTREMITIES:  No edema.,NEUROLOGIC:  Deferred.,ARTICULAR:  She has swelling of bilateral wrists, but no significant tenderness.,LABORATORY DATA:,  Labs in chart was reviewed.,ASSESSMENT AND PLAN:,  A 71-year-old female with a history of rheumatoid arthritis, on longstanding prednisone.  She is not on DMARD, but as she recently had a surgery followed by a probable infection, I will hold off on that.  As she has no pain, I have decreased the prednisone to 2.5 mg a day starting tomorrow if she is to go back to her nursing home tomorrow.  If in a couple of weeks her symptoms stay the same, then I would discontinue the prednisone.  I would defer that to Dr. X.  If she flares up at that point, prednisone may have to be restarted with a DMARD, so that eventually she could stay off the prednisone.  I discussed this at length with the patient and she is in full agreement with the plan.  I explained to her that if she is to be discharged, if she wishes, she could follow up with me in clinic or if she goes back to Victoria, then see her rheumatologist over there.
Discoid Lupus 
Medical specialty:  Rheumatology
 A 12-year-old with discoid lupus on the control with optimal regimen.

HISTORY:  ,A is 12-year-old female who comes today for follow-up appointment and a CCS visit.  She has the diagnosis of discoid lupus and we have been following her for her conditions, her treatments, and also to watch her for any development of her systemic lupus.  A has been doing well with just Plaquenil alone and mother said that during the summer, the rash gets brighter, but now that it is getting darker and she is at school, the rash is starting to become lighter again.  She has been using her cream, which is hydrocortisone at night and applying it with no problems.  She denies any hair losses, denies any decrease in appetite, actually, she has been gaining some weight.  She denies any ulcerations in her mouth, eye problems, or any lumps in her body.  She denies any fevers or any problems with the urine.,PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: ,VITAL SIGNS:  Today temperature is 100.1, weight is 73.5 kg, blood pressure is 121/61, height is 158, and pulse is 84.,GENERAL:  She is alert, active, and oriented in no distress.,HEENT:  She had a head full of hair with no bald spots.  She has a macular rash on her cheeks bilaterally with hyperpigmented circles.  No scales, no excoriations, and no palpable erythema.  Oral mucosa is clear with no ulcerations.,NECK:  Soft with no masses.  She does have acanthosis nigricans on the base of the neck.,CHEST:  Clear to auscultation.,HEART:  Regular rhythm with no murmur.,ABDOMEN:  Soft and nontender with no visceromegaly.,MUSCULOSKELETAL:  Shows no limitation, swelling, or tenderness in any of her joints.,SKIN:  Shows a discoid rash with macules approximately 1 cm in diameter in different shapes and size, but most of them are about 1 cm in diameter, which are hyperpigmented.  No erythema, no purpura, no petechiae, and no raised borders.  They look more like cigarette points.  She has this in her upper extremities especially in the forearms and also on her lower extremities, on the legs, but just very few lesions and very light.  She has some periungual erythema, as well as some palmar erythema, but this is minimal.,LABORATORY DATA:,  Laboratories today done, we have a CBC with a white blood cell count of 7.9, hemoglobin is 14.3, platelet count is 321,000, sed rate is only 11, and CMP shows no abnormalities.  Pending is antinuclear antibody complement level.,ASSESSMENT: , She is 12-year-old with discoid lupus on the control with optimal regimen.  We are going to switch her to Protopic at night, especially in the face.  Continue on Plaquenil, get some laboratories and wait for the results.  Diet evaluation today because of the gaining weight and acanthosis nigricans, and will see her back in about 3 months for follow-up.  Future plans will be depending on whether or not she evolves into a full-blown lupus.  I discussed the plan with her mother and they had no further questions.