harishnair04/mtsamples huggingface dataset:
Nephrectomy - Radical 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Right radical nephrectomy and assisted laparoscopic approach.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right renal mass.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right renal mass.,PROCEDURE: , Right radical nephrectomy and assisted laparoscopic approach.,ANESTHESIA:  ,General.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:  ,The patient underwent general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation.  An orogastric was placed and a Foley catheter placed.  He was placed in a modified flank position with the hips rotated to 45 degrees.  Pillow was used to prevent any pressure points.  He was widely shaved, prepped, and draped.  A marking pen was used to delineate a site for the Pneumo sleeve in the right lower quadrant and for the trocar sites in the midline just above the umbilicus and halfway between the xiphoid and the umbilicus.  The incision was made through the premarked site through the skin and subcutaneous tissue.  The aponeurosis of the external oblique was incised in the direction of its fibers.  Muscle-splitting incision was made in the internal oblique and transversus abdominis.  The peritoneum was opened and the Pneumo sleeve was placed in the usual fashion being sure that no bowel was trapped inside the ring.  Then, abdominal insufflation was carried out through the Pneumo sleeve and the scope was passed through the Pneumo sleeve to visualize placement of the trocars in the other two positions.  Once this had been completed, the scope was placed in the usual port and dissection begun by taking down the white line of Toldt, so that the colon could be retracted medially.  This exposed the duodenum, which was gently swept off the inferior vena cava and dissection easily disclosed the takeoff of the right renal vein off the cava.  Next, attention was directed inferiorly and the ureter was divided between clips and the inferior tongue of Gerota fascia was taken down, so that the psoas muscle was exposed.  The attachments lateral to the kidney was taken down, so that the kidney could be flipped anteriorly and medially, and this helped in exposing the renal artery.  The renal artery had been previously noticed on the CT scan to branch early and so each branch was separately ligated and divided using the stapler device.  After the arteries had been divided, the renal vein was divided again using a stapling device.  The remaining attachments superior to the kidney were divided with the Harmonic scalpel and also utilized the stapler, and the specimen was removed.  Reexamination of the renal fossa at low pressures showed a minimal degree of oozing from the adrenal gland, which was controlled with Surgicel.  Next, the port sites were closed with 0 Vicryl utilizing the passer and doing it over the hand to prevent injury to the bowel and the right lower quadrant incision for the hand port was closed in the usual fashion.  The estimated blood loss was negligible.  There were no complications.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and left the operating room in satisfactory condition.
Nephrectomy - Transplant 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Transplant nephrectomy after rejection of renal transplant

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Rejection of renal transplant.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Rejection of renal transplant.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE: , Transplant nephrectomy.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient has had rapid deterioration of her kidney function since her transplant at ABCD one year ago.  The patient was recently thought to have obstruction to the transplant and a stent was placed in to the transplant percutaneously, but the ureter was wide open and there was no evidence of obstruction.  Because the kidney was felt to be irretrievably lost and immunosuppression had been withdrawn, it was elected to go ahead and remove the kidney and hopes that her fever and toxic course could be arrested.,With the patient in the supine position, the previously placed nephrostomy tube was removed.  The patient then after adequate prepping and draping, and placing of a small roll under the right hip, underwent an incision in the direction of the transplant incision down through and through all muscle layers and into the preperitoneal space.  The kidney was encountered and kidney was dissected free of its attachments through the retroperitoneal space.  During the course of dissection, the iliac artery and vein were identified as was the native ureter and the patient's ilioinguinal nerve; all these were preserved.  The individual vessels in the kidney were identified, ligated, and incised, and the kidney was removed.  The ureter was encountered during the course of resection, but was not ligated.  The patient's retroperitoneal space was irrigated with antibiotic solution and #19 Blake drain was placed into the retroperitoneal space, and the patient returned to the recovery room in good condition.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:  900 mL.
Neuroplasty 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Left L4-L5 transforaminal neuroplasty with nerve root decompression and lysis of adhesions followed by epidural steroid injection.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,  ,1.  Recurrent intractable low back and left lower extremity pain with history of L4-L5 discectomy.,2.  Epidural fibrosis with nerve root entrapment.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,  ,1.  Recurrent intractable low back and left lower extremity pain with history of L4-L5 discectomy.,2.  Epidural fibrosis with nerve root entrapment.,OPERATION PERFORMED:,  Left L4-L5 transforaminal neuroplasty with nerve root decompression and lysis of adhesions followed by epidural steroid injection.,ANESTHESIA:,  Local/IV sedation.,COMPLICATIONS:,  None.,SUMMARY:  ,The patient in the operating room, status post transforaminal epidurogram (see operative note for further details).  Using AP and lateral fluoroscopic views to confirm the needle location the superior most being in the left L4 neural foramen and the inferior most in the left L5 neural foramen, 375 units of Wydase was injected through each needle.  After two minutes, 3.5 cc of 0.5% Marcaine and 80 mg of Depo-Medrol was injected through each needle.  These needles were removed and the patient was discharged in stable condition.
Neuroma Excision 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Excision of neuroma, third interspace, left foot.  Morton's neuroma, third interspace, left foot.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Morton's neuroma, third interspace, left foot.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Morton's neuroma, third interspace, left foot.,OPERATION PERFORMED: , Excision of neuroma, third interspace, left foot.,ANESTHESIA: , General (local was confirmed by surgeon).,HEMOSTASIS: , Ankle pneumatic tourniquet 225 mmHg.,TOURNIQUET TIME: , 18 minutes.  Electrocautery was necessary.,INJECTABLES: , 50:50 mixture of 0.5% Marcaine and 1% Xylocaine, both plain.  Also, 0.5 mL dexamethasone phosphate (4 mg/mL).,INDICATIONS: , Please see dictated H&P for specifics.,PROCEDURE:  ,After proper identification was made, the patient was brought to the operating room and placed on the table in supine position.  The patient was then placed under general anesthesia.  A local block was then injected into the third ray of the left foot.  The left foot was then prepped with chlorhexidine gluconate and then draped in the usual sterile technique.  The left foot was then exsanguinated with an Esmarch bandage and elevated and an ankle pneumatic tourniquet was then inflated.  Attention was then directed to the third interspace where a longitudinal incision was placed just proximal to the webspace.  The incision was deepened via sharp and blunt dissection with care taken to protect all vital structures.  Identification of the neuroma was made following plantar flexion of the digits.  It was grasped with a hemostat and it was dissected in toto and removed.  It was then sent to pathology.  The area was then flushed with copious amounts of sterile saline.  Closure was with 4-0 Vicryl in the subcutaneous tissue and then running subcuticular 4-0 nylon suture in the skin.  Steri-Strips were then placed over that area.  A sterile compressive dressing consisting of saline-soaked gauze, ABD, Kling, Coban was placed over the foot.  The tourniquet was then released.  Good flow was noted to return to all digits.  The patient did tolerate the procedure well.  He left the operating room with all vital signs stable and neurovascular status intact.  The patient went to the recovery.  The patient previously had been given both oral and written preoperative as well as postoperative instructions and a prescription for pain.  The patient will follow up with me in approximately 4 days for dressing change.
Needle-Localized Excisional Biopsy - Breast 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Needle-localized excisional biopsy, left breast.  The patient is a 71-year-old black female who had a routine mammogram, which demonstrated suspicious microcalcifications in the left breast.  She had no palpable mass on physical exam.  She does have significant family history with two daughters having breast cancer.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Suspicious microcalcifications, left breast.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Suspicious microcalcifications, left breast.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,  Needle-localized excisional biopsy, left breast.,ANESTHESIA:,  Local with sedation.,SPECIMEN:  ,Left breast with specimen mammogram.,COMPLICATIONS:,  None.,HISTORY: , The patient is a 71-year-old black female who had a routine mammogram, which demonstrated suspicious microcalcifications in the left breast.  She had no palpable mass on physical exam.  She does have significant family history with two daughters having breast cancer.  The patient also has a history of colon cancer.  A surgical biopsy was recommended and she was scheduled electively.,PROCEDURE:,  After proper informed consent was obtained, she was placed in the operative suite.  This occurred after undergoing preoperative needle localization.  She was placed in the operating room in the supine position.  She was given sedation by the Anesthesia Department.  The left breast was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion.  The skin was infiltrated with local and a curvilinear incision was made in the left lower outer quadrant.  The breast tissue was grasped with Allis clamps and a core of tissue was removed around the localization wire.  There were some fibrocystic changes noted.  The specimen was then completely removed and was sent to Radiology for mammogram.  The calcifications were seen in specimen per Dr. X.  Meticulous hemostasis was achieved with electrocautery.  The area was irrigated and suctioned.,The aspirant was clear.  The skin was then reapproximated using #4-0 undyed Vicryl in a running subcuticular fashion.  Steri-Strips and sterile dressing on the patient's bra were applied.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was transferred to recovery room in stable condition.
Needle-Localized Excisional Biopsy - Breast - 1 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Needle-localized excisional biopsy of the left breast.  Left breast mass with abnormal mammogram.  The patient had a nonpalpable left breast mass, which was excised and sent to Radiology with confirmation that the mass is in the specimen.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: ,Left breast mass with abnormal mammogram.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Left breast mass with abnormal mammogram.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,  Needle-localized excisional biopsy of the left breast.,ANESTHESIA:,  Local with sedation.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,SPECIMEN: , Breast mass.,DISPOSITION: , The patient tolerated the procedure well and was transferred to recovery in stable condition.,INTRAOPERATIVE FINDINGS: , The patient had a nonpalpable left breast mass, which was excised and sent to Radiology with confirmation that the mass is in the specimen.,BRIEF HISTORY:,  The patient is a 62-year-old female who presented to Dr. X's office with an abnormal mammogram showing a suspicious area on the left breast with microcalcifications and a nonpalpable mass.  So the patient was scheduled for a needle-localized left breast biopsy.,PROCEDURE:,  After informed consent, the risks and benefits of the procedure were explained to the patient.  The patient was brought to the operating suite.  After IV sedation was given, the patient was prepped and draped in normal sterile fashion.  Next, a curvilinear incision was made.,After anesthetizing the skin with 0.25% Marcaine and 1% lidocaine mixture, an incision was made with a #10 blade scalpel.  The lesion with needle was then grasped with an Allis clamp.  Using #10 blade scalpel, the specimen was colonized out and sent to Radiology for confirmation.  Next, hemostasis was obtained using electrobovie cautery.  The skin was then closed with #4-0 Monocryl suture in running subcuticular fashion.  Steri-Strips and sterile dressings were applied.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was sent to Recovery in stable condition.
Neck Dissection 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Left neck dissection.   Metastatic papillary cancer, left neck.  The patient had thyroid cancer, papillary cell type, removed with a total thyroidectomy and then subsequently recurrent disease was removed with a paratracheal dissection.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Metastatic papillary cancer, left neck.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Metastatic papillary cancer, left neck.,OPERATION PERFORMED: , Left neck dissection.,ANESTHESIA:  ,General endotracheal.,INDICATIONS: , The patient is a very nice gentleman, who has had thyroid cancer, papillary cell type, removed with a total thyroidectomy and then subsequently recurrent disease was removed with a paratracheal dissection.  He now has evidence of lesion in the left mid neck and the left superior neck on ultrasound, which are suspicious for recurrent cancer.  Left neck dissection is indicated.,DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION: , The patient was placed on the operating room table in the supine position.  After adequate general endotracheal anesthesia was administered, the table was then turned.  A shoulder roll placed under the shoulders and the face was placed in an extended fashion.  The left neck, chest, and face were prepped with Betadine and draped in a sterile fashion.  A hockey stick skin incision was performed, extending a previous incision line superiorly towards the mastoid cortex through skin, subcutaneous tissue and platysma with Bovie electrocautery on cut mode.  Subplatysmal superior and inferior flaps were raised.  The dissection was left lateral neck dissection encompassing zones 1, 2A, 2B, 3, and the superior portion of 4.  The sternocleidomastoid muscle was unwrapped at its fascial attachment and this was taken back posterior to the XI cranial nerve into the superior posterior most triangle of the neck.  This was carried forward off of the deep rooted muscles including the splenius capitis and anterior and middle scalenes taken medially off of these muscles including the fascia of the muscles, stripped from the carotid artery, the X cranial nerve, the internal jugular vein and then carried anteriorly to the lateral most extent of the dissection previously done by Dr. X in the paratracheal region.  The submandibular gland was removed as well.  The X, XI, and XII cranial nerves were preserved.  The internal jugular vein and carotid artery were preserved as well.  Copious irrigation of the wound bed showed no identifiable bleeding at the termination of the procedure.  There were two obviously positive nodes in this neck dissection.  One was left medial neck just lateral to the previous tracheal dissection and one was in the mid region of zone 2.  A #10 flat fluted Blake drain was placed through a separate stab incision and it was secured to the skin with a 2-0 silk ligature.  The wound was closed in layers using a 3-0 Vicryl in a buried knot interrupted fashion for the subcutaneous tissue and the skin was closed with staples.  A fluff and Kling pressure dressing was then applied.  The patient was extubated in the operating room, brought to the recovery room in satisfactory condition.  There were no intraoperative complications.
Needle Localized Excision - Breast Neoplasm 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Nonpalpable neoplasm, right breast.  Needle localized wide excision of nonpalpable neoplasm, right breast.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Nonpalpable neoplasm, right breast.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Deferred for Pathology.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:  ,Needle localized wide excision of nonpalpable neoplasm, right breast.,SPECIMEN: , Mammography.,GROSS FINDINGS:  ,This 53-year-old Caucasian female who had a nonpalpable neoplasm detected by mammography in the right breast.  After excision of neoplasm, there was a separate 1 x 2 cm nodule palpated within the cavity.  This too was excised.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE:  ,The patient was taken to the operating room, placed in supine position in the operating table.  Intravenous sedation was administered by the Anesthesia Department.  The Kopans wire was trimmed to an appropriate length.  The patient was sterilely prepped and draped in the usual manner.  Local anesthetic consisting of 1% lidocaine and 0.5% Marcaine was injected into the proposed line of incision.  A curvilinear circumareolar incision was then made with a #15 scalpel blade close to the wire.  The wire was stabilized and brought to protrude through the incision.  Skin flaps were then generated with electrocautery.  A generous core tissue was grasped with Allis forceps and excised with electrocautery.  Prior to complete excision, the superior margin was marked with a #2-0 Vicryl suture, which was tied and cut short.  The lateral margin was marked with a #2-0 Vicryl suture, which was tied and cut along.  The posterior margin was marked with a #2-0 Polydek suture, which was tied and cut.,The specimen was then completely excised and sent off the operative field as specimen where specimen mammography confirmed the excision of the mammographically detected neoplasm.  On palpation of the cavity, there was felt to be a second nodule further medial and this was grasped with an Allis forceps and excised with electrocautery and sent off the field as a separate specimen.  Hemostasis was obtained with electrocautery.  Good hemostasis was obtained.  The incision was closed in two layers.  The first layer consisting of a subcuticular inverted interrupted sutures of #4-0 undyed Vicryl.  The second layer consisted of Steri-Strips on the epidermis.  A pressure dressing of fluff, 4x4s, ABDs, and Elastic bandage was applied.  The patient tolerated the surgery well.
Myringotomy/Tube Insertion - 2 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Bilateral myringotomies with insertion of Santa Barbara T-tube.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:  ,Tympanic membrane atelectasis and chronic eustachian tube dysfunction.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Tympanic membrane atelectasis and chronic eustachian tube dysfunction.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE: , Bilateral myringotomies with insertion of Santa Barbara T-tube.,ANESTHESIA: , General mask.,FINDINGS:,  The patient is an 8-year-old white female with chronic eustachian tube dysfunction and TM atelectasis, was taken to the operating room for tubes.  At the time of surgery, she has had an extruding right Santa Barbara T-tube and severe left TM atelectasis with retraction.  There was a scant amount of fluid in both middle ear clefts.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was taken to the operating room, placed in supine position, and general mask anesthesia was established.  The right ear was draped in normal sterile fashion.  Cerumen was removed from the external canal.  The extruding Santa Barbara T-tube was identified and atraumatically removed.  A fresh Santa Barbara T-tube was atraumatically inserted and Ciloxan drops applied.,The attention was then directed to the left side where severe TM atelectasis was identified.  With a mask anesthetic, the eardrum elevated.  A radial incision was made in the inferior aspect of the tympanic membrane and middle ear fluid aspirated.  A Santa Barbara T-tube was then inserted without difficulty and 5 drops Ciloxan solution applied.  Anesthesia was then reversed and the patient taken to recovery room in satisfactory condition.
Myringotomy/Tube Insertion - 1 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Bilateral myringotomies and insertion of Shepard grommet draining tubes.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Bilateral chronic serous otitis media.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Bilateral chronic serous otitis media.,OPERATION PERFORMED:,1.  Bilateral myringotomies.,2.  Insertion of Shepard grommet draining tubes.,ANESTHESIA: , General, by mask.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Less than 1 mL.,COMPLICATIONS:,  None.,FINDINGS:  ,The patient had a long history of persistent recurrent infections and was placed on antibiotics for the same.  At this point in time, he had a small amount of thick mucoid material in both middle ear spaces with middle ear mucosa somewhat inflamed, but no active acute infection at this point in time.,PROCEDURE:,  With the patient under adequate general anesthesia with the mask delivery of anesthesia, he had his ear canals cleaned utilizing an operating microscope and all foul cerumen had been removed from both sides.  Bilateral inferior radial myringotomies were performed, first on the right and then on the left.  Middle ear spaces were suctioned of small amount of thick mucoid material on both sides and then Shepard grommet draining tubes were inserted on either side.  Floxin drops were then instilled bilaterally to decrease any clotting within the tubes, and then cotton ball was placed in the external meatus bilaterally.  At this point, the patient was awakened and returned to the recovery room, satisfactory, with no difficulty encountered.
Myringotomy/Tube Insertion - 3 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Removal of the old right pressure equalizing tube.  Myringotomy with placement of a left pressure equalizing tube.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: ,1.  Chronic eustachian tube dysfunction.,2.  Retained right pressure equalization tube.,3.  Retracted left tympanic membrane.,4.  Dizziness.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Chronic eustachian tube dysfunction.,2.  Retained right pressure equalization tube.,3.  Retracted left tympanic membrane.,4.  Dizziness.,PROCEDURE:,1.  Removal of the old right pressure equalizing tube with placement of a tube.  Tube used was Santa Barbara.,2.  Myringotomy with placement of a left pressure equalizing tube.  The tube used was Santa Barbara.,ANESTHESIA:,  General.,INDICATION: , This is a 98-year-old female whom I have known for several years.  She has a marginal hearing.  With the additional conductive loss secondary to the retraction of the tympanic membrane, her hearing aid and function deteriorated significantly.  So, we have kept sets of tubes in her ears at all times.  The major problem is that she has got small ear canals and a very sensitive external auditory canal; therefore it cannot tolerate even the wax cleaning in the clinic awake.,The patient was seen in the OR and tubes were placed.  There were no significant findings.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , After obtaining informed consent from the patient, she was brought to the neurosensory OR, placed under general anesthesia.  Mask airway was used.  IV had already been started.,On the right side, we removed the old tube and then cleaned the cerumen and found that it was larger than the side of the tube in perfection or perforation in tympanic membrane in the anterior inferior quadrant.  In the same area, a small Santa Barbara tube was placed.  This T-tube was cut to 80% of its original length for comfort and then positioned to point straight out and treated.  Three drops of ciprofloxacin eyedrops was placed in the ear canal.,On the left side, the tympanic membrane adhered and it was retracted and has some myringosclerosis.  Anterior, inferior incision was made.  Tympanic membrane bounced back to neutral position.  A Santa Barbara tube was cut to the 80% of the original length and placed in the hole.  Ciprofloxacin drops were placed in the ear.  Procedure completed.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , None.,COMPLICATION: , None.,SPECIMEN:,  None.,DISPOSITION:,  To PACU in a stable condition.