harishnair04/mtsamples huggingface dataset:
IV Procainamide Infusion 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 Comprehensive electrophysiology studies with attempted arrhythmia induction and IV Procainamide infusion for Brugada syndrome.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Syncopal episodes with injury.  See electrophysiology consultation.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Normal electrophysiologic studies.,2.  No inducible arrhythmia.,3.  Procainamide infusion negative for Brugada syndrome.,PROCEDURES:,1.  Comprehensive electrophysiology studies with attempted arrhythmia induction.,2.  IV Procainamide infusion for Brugada syndrome.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:, The patient gave informed consent for comprehensive electrophysiologic studies.  She received small amounts of intravenous fentanyl and Versed for conscious sedation.  Then 1% lidocaine local anesthesia was used.  Three catheters were placed via the right femoral vein; 5-French catheters to the right ventricular apex and right atrial appendage; and a 6-French catheter to the His bundle.  Later in the procedure, the RV apical catheter was moved to RV outflow tract.,ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL FINDINGS:,  Conduction intervals in sinus rhythm were normal.  Sinus cycle length 768 ms, PA interval 24 ms, AH interval 150 ms, HV interval 46 ms.  Sinus node recovery times were also normal at 1114 ms.  Corrected sinus node recovery time was normal at 330 ms.  One-to-one AV conduction was present to cycle length 480 ms, AH interval 240 ms, HV interval 54 ms.  AV nodal effective refractory period was normal, 440 ms at drive cycle length 600 ms.  RA-ERP was 250 ms.  With ventricular pacing, there was VA disassociation present.,Since there was no evidence for dual AV nodal pathways, and poor retrograde conduction, isoproterenol infusion was not performed to look for SVT.,Programmed ventricular stimulation was performed at both right ventricular apex and right ventricular outflow tracts.  Drive cycle length 600, 500, and 400 ms was used with triple extrastimuli down to troubling intervals of 180 ms, or refractoriness.  There was no inducible VT.  Longest run was 5 beats of polymorphic VT, which is a nonspecific finding.  From the apex 400-600 with 2 extrastimuli were delivered, again with no inducible VT.,Procainamide was then infused, 20 mg/kg over 10 minutes.  There were no ST segment changes.  HV interval after IV Procainamide remained normal at 50 ms.,ASSESSMENT: , Normal electrophysiologic studies.  No evidence for sinus node dysfunction or atrioventricular block.  No inducible supraventricular tachycardia or ventricular tachycardia, and no evidence for Brugada syndrome.,PLAN: , The patient will follow up with Dr. X.  She recently had an ambulatory EEG.  I will plan to see her again on a p.r.n. basis should she develop a recurrent syncopal episodes.  Reveal event monitor was considered, but not placed since she has only had one single episode.
Intraarterial Particulate Administration 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 Nuclear Medicine Therapy Intraarterial Particulate Administration

EXAM: , Therapy intraarterial particulate administration.,HISTORY: , Hepatocellular carcinoma.,TECHNIQUE: , The patient was brought to the interventional radiology suite where catheterization of the right hepatic artery was performed.  The patient had previously given oral and written consent to the radioembolization procedure.  After confirmation of proper positioning of the hepatic artery catheter, 3.78 GBq of yttrium-90 TheraSphere microspheres were infused through the catheter under strict radiation safety procedures.,FINDINGS: , There were no apparent complications.  Using data on tumor burden, right lobe liver volume, vascularity of the tumor obtained from angiography and quantitative CT, and measurement of residual activity tumor, the expected radiation dose to the tumor burden in the right lobe of the liver was calculated at 201 Gy.  The expected dose to the remaining right liver parenchyma is 30 Gy.,Following the procedure there was no evidence of radioactive contamination of the room, equipment or personnel.,IMPRESSION: , Radioembolization therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma in the right lobe of the liver using 3.78 GBq of yttrium-90 microspheres TheraSphere.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy & Cholangiogram 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with cholangiogram.  Acute gangrenous cholecystitis with cholelithiasis.  The patient had essentially a dead gallbladder with stones and positive wide bile/pus coming from the gallbladder.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Acute cholecystitis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Acute gangrenous cholecystitis with cholelithiasis.,OPERATION PERFORMED: , Laparoscopic cholecystectomy with cholangiogram.,FINDINGS:  ,The patient had essentially a dead gallbladder with stones and positive wide bile/pus coming from the gallbladder.,COMPLICATIONS:  ,None.,EBL: , Scant.,SPECIMEN REMOVED: , Gallbladder with stones.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:  ,The patient was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion under general anesthesia.  A curvilinear incision was made below the umbilicus.  Through this incision, the camera port was able to be placed into the peritoneal cavity under direct visualization.  Once this complete, insufflation was begun.  Once insufflation was adequate, additional ports were placed in the epigastrium as well as right upper quadrant.  Once all four ports were placed, the right upper quadrant was then explored.  The patient had significant adhesions of omentum and colon to the liver, the gallbladder constituting definitely an acute cholecystitis.  This was taken down using Bovie cautery to free up visualization of the gallbladder.  The gallbladder was very thick and edematous and had frank necrosis of most of the anterior gallbladder wall.  Adhesions were further taken down between the omentum, the colon, and the gallbladder slowly starting superiorly and working inferiorly towards the cystic duct area.  Once the adhesions were fully removed, the cholangiogram was done which did not show any evidence of any common bile duct dilatation or obstruction.  At this point, due to the patient's gallbladder being very necrotic, it was deemed that the patient should have a drain placed.  The cystic duct and cystic artery were serially clipped and transected.  The gallbladder was removed from the gallbladder fossa removing the entire gallbladder.  Adequate hemostasis with Bovie cautery was achieved.  The gallbladder was then placed into a bag and removed from the peritoneal cavity through the camera port.  A JP drain was then run through the anterior port and out of one of the trochar sites and secured to the skin using 3-0 nylon suture.  Next, the right upper quadrant was copiously irrigated out using the suction irrigator.  Once this was complete, the additional ports were able to be removed.  The fascial opening at the umbilicus was reinforced by closing it using a 0 Vicryl suture in a figure-of-8 fashion.  All skin incisions were injected using Marcaine 1/4 percent plain.  The skin was reapproximated further using 4-0 Monocryl sutures in a subcuticular technique.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was able to be transferred to the recovery room in stable condition.
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Simulation 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 Intensity-modulated radiation therapy simulation note.  The patient will receive intensity-modulated radiation therapy in order to deliver high-dose treatment to sensitive structures. 

INTENSITY-MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY SIMULATION,The patient will receive intensity-modulated radiation therapy in order to deliver high-dose treatment to sensitive structures.  The target volume is adjacent to significant radiosensitive structures.,Initially, the preliminary isocenter is set on a fluoroscopically-based simulation unit.  The patient is appropriately immobilized using a customized immobilization device.  Preliminary simulation films are obtained and approved by me.  The patient is marked and transferred to the CT scanner.  Sequential images are obtained and transferred electronically to the treatment planning software.  Extensive analysis then occurs.  The target volume, including margins for uncertainty, patient movement and occult tumor extension are selected.  In addition organs at risk are outlined.  Appropriate doses are selected, both for the target, as well as constraints for organs at risk.  Inverse treatment planning is performed by the physics staff under my supervision.  These are reviewed by the physician and ultimately performed only following approval by the physician and completion of successful quality assurance.
Hepatobiliary Scan 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 Right upper quadrant pain.  Nuclear medicine hepatobiliary scan.  Radiopharmaceutical 6.9 mCi of Technetium-99m Choletec.

NUCLEAR MEDICINE HEPATOBILIARY SCAN,REASON FOR EXAM: , Right upper quadrant pain.,COMPARISONS:  ,CT of the abdomen dated 02/13/09 and ultrasound of the abdomen dated 02/13/09.,Radiopharmaceutical 6.9 mCi of Technetium-99m Choletec.,FINDINGS:,  Imaging obtained up to 30 minutes after the injection of radiopharmaceutical shows a normal hepatobiliary transfer time.  There is normal accumulation within the gallbladder.,After the injection of 2.1 mcg of intravenous cholecystic _______, the gallbladder ejection fraction at 30 minutes was calculated to be 32% (normal is greater than 35%).  The patient experienced 2/10 pain at 5 minutes after the injection of the radiopharmaceutical and the patient also complained of nausea.,IMPRESSION:,1.  Negative for acute cholecystitis or cystic duct obstruction.,2.  Gallbladder ejection fraction just under the lower limits of normal at 32% that can be seen with very mild chronic cholecystitis.
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 Intensity-modulated radiation therapy is a complex set of procedures which requires appropriate positioning and immobilization typically with customized immobilization devices.

INTENSITY-MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY,Intensity-modulated radiation therapy is a complex set of procedures which requires appropriate positioning and immobilization typically with customized immobilization devices.  The treatment planning process requires at least 4 hours of physician time.  The technology is appropriate in this patient's case due to the fact that the target volume is adjacent to significant radiosensitive structures.  Sequential CT scans are obtained and transferred to the treatment planning software.  Extensive analysis occurs.  The target volumes, including margins for uncertainty, patient movement and occult tumor extension are selected.  In addition, organs at risk are outlined.  Doses are selected both for targets, as well as for organs at risk.  Associated dose constraints are placed.  Inverse treatment planning is then performed in conjunction with the physics staff.  These are reviewed by the physician and ultimately performed only following approval by the physician.  Multiple beam arrangements may be tested for appropriateness and optimal dose delivery in order to maximize the chance of controlling disease, while minimizing exposure to organs at risk.  This is performed in hopes of minimizing associated complications.  The physician delineates the treatment type, number of fractions and total volume.  During the time of treatment, there is extensive physician intervention, monitoring the patient set up and tolerance.  In addition, specific QA is performed by the physics staff under the physician's direction.,In view of the above, the special procedure code 77470 is deemed appropriate.
Full-Field Digital Mammogram (FFDM) - 1 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 Bilateral Screening Mammogram Full-Field Digital Mammography (FFDM) (Benign Findings)

EXAM: , Digital screening mammogram.,HISTORY:,  51-year-old female presents for screening mammography.  Patient denies personal history of breast cancer.  Breast cancer was reported in her maternal aunt.,TECHNIQUE:,  Craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique projections of bilateral breasts were obtained on mm/dd/yy.  Comparison is made with the previous performed on mm/dd/yy. iCAD Second Look proprietary software was utilized.,FINDINGS:  ,The breasts demonstrate a mixture of adipose and fibroglandular elements.  Composition appears similar.  Multiple tiny punctate benign-appearing calcifications are visualized bilaterally.  No dominant mass, areas of architecture distortion, or malignant-type calcifications are seen.  Skin overlying both breasts is unremarkable.,IMPRESSION: , Stable and benign mammographic findings.  Continued yearly mammographic screening is recommended.,BIRADS Classification 2 - Benign,MAMMOGRAPHY INFORMATION:,1.  A certain percentage of cancers, probably 10% to 15%, will not be identified by mammography.,2.  Lack of radiographic evidence of malignancy should not delay a biopsy if a clinically suspicious mass is present.,3.  These images were obtained with FDA-approved digital mammography equipment, and iCAD SecondLook Software Version 7.2 was utilized.
Hyperfractionation 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 Hyperfractionation.  This patient is to undergo a course of hyperfractionated radiotherapy in the treatment of known malignancy.  

HYPERFRACTIONATION,This patient is to undergo a course of hyperfractionated radiotherapy in the treatment of known malignancy.  The radiotherapy will be given in a hyperfractionated fraction (decreased dose per fraction but 2 fractions delivered daily separated by a period of at least 6 hours).  The rationale for this treatment is based on radiobiologic principles that make this type of therapy more effective in rapidly growing, previously irradiated or poorly oxygenated tumors.  The dose per fraction and the total dose are calculated by me, and this is individualized for each patient according to radiobiologic principles.,During the hyperfractionated radiotherapy, the chance of severe acute side effects is increased, so the patient will be followed more intensively for the development of any side effects and treatment instituted accordingly.
Five views of the right knee. 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 Sample Radiology report of knee (growth arrest lines).

EXAM: , Five views of the right knee.,HISTORY: , Pain.  The patient is status-post surgery, he could not straighten his leg, pain in the back of the knee.,TECHNIQUE:,  Five views of the right knee were evaluated.  There are no priors for comparison.,FINDINGS: , Five views of the right knee were evaluated and they reveal there is no evidence of any displaced fractures, dislocations, or subluxations.  There are multiple areas of growth arrest lines seen in the distal aspect of the femur and proximal aspect of the tibia.  There is also appearance of a high-riding patella suggestive of patella alta.,IMPRESSION:,1.  No evidence of any displaced fractures, dislocations, or subluxations.,2.  Growth arrest lines seen in the distal femur and proximal tibia.,3.  Questionable appearance of a slightly high-riding patella, possibly suggesting patella alta.
HDR Brachytherapy 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 HDR Brachytherapy

HDR BRACHYTHERAPY,The intracavitary brachytherapy applicator was placed appropriately and secured after the patient was identified.  Simulation films were obtained, documenting its positioning.  The 3-dimensional treatment planning process was accomplished utilizing the CT derived data.  A treatment plan was selected utilizing sequential dwell positions within a single catheter.  The patient was taken to the treatment area.  The patient was appropriately positioned and the position of the intracavitary device was checked.  Catheter length measurements were taken.  Appropriate measurements of the probe dimensions and assembly were also performed.  The applicator was attached to the HDR after-loader device.  The device ran through its checking sequences appropriately and the brachytherapy was then delivered without difficulty or complication.  The brachytherapy source was appropriately removed back to the brachytherapy safe within the device.  Radiation screening was performed with the Geiger-Muller counter both prior to and after the brachytherapy procedure was completed and the results were deemed appropriate.,Following completion of the procedure, the intracavitary device was removed without difficulty.  The patient was in no apparent distress and was discharged home.
Full-Field Digital Mammogram (FFDM) - 2 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 Mammogram, bilateral full-field digital mammography FFDM (patient with positive history of breast cancer).

EXAM: , Screening full-field digital mammogram.,HISTORY:,  Screening examination of a 58-year-old female who currently denies complaints.  Patient has had diagnosis of right breast cancer in 1984 with subsequent radiation therapy.  The patient's sister was also diagnosed with breast cancer at the age of 59.,TECHNIQUE: , Standard digital mammographic imaging was performed.  The examination was performed with iCAD Second Look Version 7.2.,COMPARISON: , Most recently obtained __________.,FINDINGS: , The right breast is again smaller than the left.  There is a scar marker with underlying skin thickening and retraction along the upper margin of the right breast.  The breasts are again composed of a mixture of adipose tissue and a moderate amount of heterogeneously-dense fibroglandular tissue.  There is again some coarsening of the right breast parenchyma with architectural distortion which is unchanged and most consistent with postsurgical and postradiation changes.  A few benign-appearing microcalcifications are present.,No dominant malignant-appearing mass lesion, developing area of architectural distortion or suspicious-appearing cluster of microcalcifications are identified.  The skin is stable.  No enlarged axillary lymph node is seen.,IMPRESSION:,1.  No significant interval changes are seen.  No mammographic evidence of malignancy is identified.,2.  Annual screening mammography is recommended or sooner if clinical symptoms warrant.,BIRADS Classification 2 - Benign,MAMMOGRAPHY INFORMATION:,1.  A certain percentage of cancers, probably 10% to 15%, will not be identified by mammography.,2.  Lack of radiographic evidence of malignancy should not delay a biopsy if a clinically suspicious mass is present.,3.  These images were obtained with FDA-approved digital mammography equipment, and iCAD Second Look Software Version 7.2 was utilized.
HCT - Calcification of Basal Ganglia 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 HCT for memory loss and for calcification of basal ganglia (globus pallidi).

CC:, Memory loss.,HX:, This 77 y/o RHF presented with a one year history of progressive memory loss. Two weeks prior to her evaluation at UIHC she agreed to have her sister pick her up for church at 8:15AM, Sunday morning. That Sunday she went to pick up her sister at her sister's home and when her sister was not there (because the sister had gone to pick up the patient) the patient left. She later called the sister and asked her if she (sister) had overslept. During her UIHC evaluation she denied she knew anything about the incident. No other complaints were brought forth by the patients family.,PMH:, Unremarkable.,MEDS:, None,FHX: ,Father died of an MI, Mother had DM type II.,SHX: , Denies ETOH/illicit drug/Tobacco use.,ROS:, Unremarkable.,EXAM:, Afebrile, 80BPM, BP 158/98, 16RPM. Alert and oriented to person, place, time. Euthymic. 29/30 on Folstein's MMSE with deficit on drawing. Recalled 2/6 objects at five minutes and could not recite a list of 6 objects in 6 trials. Digit span was five forward and three backward. CN: mild right lower facial droop only. MOTOR: Full strength throughout. SENSORY: No deficits to PP/Vib/Prop/LT/Temp. COORD: Poor RAM in LUE only. GAIT: NB and ambulated without difficulty. STATION: No drift or Romberg sign. REFLEXES: 3+ bilaterally with flexor plantar responses. There were no frontal release signs.,LABS:, CMB, General Screen, FT4, TSH, VDRL were all WNL.,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION, 12/7/92: ,Verbal associative fluency was defective. Verbal memory, including acquisition, and delayed recall and recognition, was severely impaired. Visual memory, including immediate and delayed recall was also severely impaired. Visuoperceptual discrimination was mildly impaired, as was 2-D constructional praxis.,HCT, 12/7/92: , Diffuse cerebral atrophy with associative mild enlargement of the ventricles consistent with patient's age. Calcification is seen in both globus pallidi and this was felt to be a normal variant.
Exercise Myocardial Perfusion Study 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 Exercise myocardial perfusion study.  The exercise myocardial perfusion study shows possibility of mild ischemia in the inferolateral wall and normal LV systolic function with LV ejection fraction of 59%

CLINICAL INDICATION:,  Chest pain.,INTERPRETATION: , The patient received 14.9 mCi of Cardiolite for the rest portion of the study and 11.5 mCi of Cardiolite for the stress portion of the study.,The patient's baseline EKG was normal sinus rhythm.  The patient was stressed according to Bruce protocol by Dr. X.  Exercise test was supervised and interpreted by Dr. X.  Please see the separate report for stress portion of the study.,The myocardial perfusion SPECT study shows there is mild anteroseptal fixed defect seen, which is most likely secondary to soft tissue attenuation artifact.  There is, however, mild partially reversible perfusion defect seen, which is more pronounced in the stress images and short-axis view suggestive of minimal ischemia in the inferolateral wall.,The gated SPECT study shows normal wall motion and wall thickening with calculated left ventricular ejection fraction of 59%.,CONCLUSION:,1.  The exercise myocardial perfusion study shows possibility of mild ischemia in the inferolateral wall.,2.  Normal LV systolic function with LV ejection fraction of 59%.
Endovascular Brachytherapy 
Medical specialty:  Radiology
 Endovascular Brachytherapy (EBT)

ENDOVASCULAR BRACHYTHERAPY (EBT),The patient is to undergo a course of angioplasty for in-stent restenosis.  The radiotherapy will be planned using simulation films when the Novoste system catheter markers are placed on either side of the coronary artery injury site.  After this, a calculation will take place to determine the length of time at which the strontium sources will be left in place to deliver an adequate dose given the reference vessel diameter.  The rationale for this treatment is based on radiobiological principles that make this type of therapy more effective than blade atherectomy or laser atherectomy.  The does per fraction is individualized for each patient according to radiobiological principles and reference vessel diameter.  Given that this is a very high dose rate source and the chances of severe acute toxicity such as cardiac ischemia and machine malfunction are present, it is imperative that the patient be followed closely by myself and monitored for ST segment elevation and correct machine function.