harishnair04/mtsamples huggingface dataset:
YAG Laser Capsulotomy 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Visually significant posterior capsule opacity, right eye.  YAG laser posterior capsulotomy, right eye.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Visually significant posterior capsule opacity, right eye.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Visually significant posterior capsule opacity, right eye.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURES:  ,YAG laser posterior capsulotomy, right eye.,ANESTHESIA: , Topical anesthesia using tetracaine ophthalmic drops.,INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY: , This patient was found to have a visually significant posterior capsule opacity in the right eye.  The patient has had a mild decrease in visual acuity, which has been a gradual change.  The posterior capsule opacity was felt to be related to the decline in vision.  The risks, benefits, and alternatives (including observation) were discussed.  I feel the patient had a good understanding of the proposed procedure and informed consent was obtained.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was identified and the procedure was verified.  Pupil was dilated per protocol.  Patient was positioned at the YAG laser.  Then, *** of energy were used to perform a circular posterior laser capsulotomy through the visual axis.  A total of ** shots were used.  Total energy was **.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and there were no complications.  The lens remained well centered and stable.  Postoperative instructions were provided.  Alphagan P ophthalmic drops times two were instilled prior to his dismissal.,Post-laser intraocular pressure measured ** mmHg.  Postoperative instructions were provided and the patient had no further questions.
Wound Closure & Debridement - Hydrocephalus 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 A complex closure and debridement of wound.  The patient is a 26-year-old female with a long history of shunt and hydrocephalus presenting with a draining wound in the right upper quadrant, just below the costal margin that was lanced by General Surgery and resolved; however, it continued to drain.

TITLE OF OPERATION:,  A complex closure and debridement of wound.,INDICATION FOR SURGERY:,  The patient is a 26-year-old female with a long history of shunt and hydrocephalus presenting with a draining wound in the right upper quadrant, just below the costal margin that was lanced by General Surgery and resolved; however, it continued to drain.  There is no evidence of fevers.  CRP was normal.  Shunt CT were all normal.  The thought was he has insidious fistula versus tract where recommendation was for excision of this tract.,PREOP DIAGNOSIS: , Possible cerebrospinal fluid versus wound fistula.,POSTOP DIAGNOSIS: , Possible cerebrospinal fluid versus wound fistula.,PROCEDURE DETAIL: , The patient was brought to the operating room and willing to be inducted with a laryngeal mask airway, positioned supine and the right side was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion.  Next, working on the fistula, this was elliptically excised.  Once this was excised, this was followed down to the fistulous tract, which was completely removed.  There was no CSF drainage.  The catheter was visualized, although not adequately properly.  Once this was excised, it was irrigated and then closed in multiple layers using 3-0 Vicryl for the deep layers and 4-0 Caprosyn and Indermil with a dry sterile dressing applied.  The patient was reversed, extubated and transferred to the recovery room in stable condition.  Multiple cultures were sent as well as the tracts sent to Pathology.  All sponge and needle counts were correct.
Wrist Ganglion Excision 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Excision of dorsal wrist ganglion.  Made a transverse incision directly over the ganglion.  Dissection was carried down through the extensor retinaculum, identifying the 3rd and the 4th compartments and retracting them.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Wrist ganglion.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Wrist ganglion.,TITLE OF PROCEDURE: , Excision of dorsal wrist ganglion.,PROCEDURE: , After administering appropriate antibiotics and general anesthesia, the upper extremity was prepped and draped in the usual standard fashion.  The arm was exsanguinated with an Esmarch and tourniquet inflated to 250 mmHg.  I made a transverse incision directly over the ganglion.  Dissection was carried down through the extensor retinaculum, identifying the 3rd and the 4th compartments and retracting them.  I then excised the ganglion and its stalk.  In addition, approximately a square centimeter of the dorsal capsule was removed at the origin of stalk, leaving enough of a defect to prevent formation of a one-way valve.  We then identified the scapholunate ligament, which was uninjured.  I irrigated and closed in layers and injected Marcaine with epinephrine.  I dressed and splinted the wound.  The patient was sent to the recovery room in good condition, having tolerated the procedure well.
VP Shunt Placement 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Placement of right new ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts Strata valve and to removal of right frontal Ommaya reservoir.

TITLE OF OPERATION: , Placement of right new ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts Strata valve and to removal of right frontal Ommaya reservoir.,INDICATION FOR SURGERY: , The patient is a 2-month-old infant, born premature with intraventricular hemorrhage and Ommaya reservoir recommendation for removal and replacement with a new VP shunt.,PREOP DIAGNOSIS: , Hydrocephalus.,POSTOP DIAGNOSIS: , Hydrocephalus.,PROCEDURE DETAIL: , The patient was brought to the operating room, underwent induction of general endotracheal airway, positioned supine, head turned towards left.  The right side prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion.  Next, using a 15 blade scalpel, two incisions were made, one in the parietooccipital region and.  The second just lateral to the umbilicus.  Once this was clear, the Bactiseal catheter was then tunneled.  This was connected to a Strata valve.  The Strata valve was programmed to a setting of 1.01 and this was ensured.  The small burr hole was then created.  The area was then coagulated.  Once this was completed, new Bactiseal catheter was then inserted.  It was connected to the Strata valve.  There was good distal flow.  The distal end was then inserted into the peritoneal region via trocar.  Once this was insured, all the wounds were irrigated copiously and closed with 3-0 Vicryl and 4-0 Caprosyn as well as Indermil glue.  The right frontal incision was then opened.  The Ommaya reservoir identified and removed.  The wound was then also closed with an inverted 3-0 Vicryl and 4-0 Caprosyn.  Once all the wounds were completed, dry sterile dressings were applied.  The patient was then transported back to the ICU in stable condition intubated.  Blood loss minimal.  All sponge and needle counts were correct.
Vitrectomy - Local Anesthesia 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Vitrectomy under local anesthesia.

DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:,  After appropriate operative consent was obtained the patient was brought supine to the operating room and placed on the operating room table.  After intravenous sedation was administered a retrobulbar block consisting of 2% Xylocaine with 0.75% Marcaine and Wydase was administered to the right eye without difficulty.  The patient's right eye was prepped and draped in sterile ophthalmic fashion and the procedure begun.  A wire lid speculum was inserted into the right eye and a limited conjunctival peritomy performed at the limbus temporally and superonasally.  Infusion line was set up in the inferotemporal quadrant and two additional sclerotomies were made in the superonasal and superotemporal quadrants.  A lens ring was secured to the eye using 7-0 Vicryl suture.
Vitrectomy - General Anesthesia 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Vitrectomy under general anesthesia

DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , After appropriate operative consent was obtained the patient was brought supine to the operating room and placed on the operating room table.  Induction of general anesthesia via endotracheal intubation was then accomplished without difficulty.  The patient's right eye was prepped and draped in sterile ophthalmic fashion and the procedure begun.  A wire lid speculum was inserted into the right eye and a limited conjunctival peritomy performed at the limbus temporally and superonasally.  Infusion line was set up in the inferotemporal quadrant and two additional sclerotomies were made in the superonasal and superotemporal quadrants.  A lens ring was secured to the eye using 7-0 Vicryl suture.
Vitrectomy Opening 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Vitrectomy opening.  A limited conjunctival peritomy was created with Westcott scissors to expose the supranasal and separately the supratemporal and inferotemporal quadrants. 

VITRECTOMY OPENING,The patient was brought to the operating room and appropriately identified.  General anesthesia was induced by the anesthesiologist.  The patient was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion.  A lid speculum was used to provide exposure to the right eye.  A limited conjunctival peritomy was created with Westcott scissors to expose the supranasal and separately the supratemporal and inferotemporal quadrants.  Hemostasis was maintained with wet-field cautery.  Calipers were set at XX mm and the mark was made XX mm posterior to the limbus in the inferotemporal quadrant.  A 5-0 nylon suture was passed through partial-thickness sclera on either side of this mark.  The MVR blade was used to make a sclerotomy between the preplaced sutures.  An 8-0 nylon suture was then preplaced for a later sclerotomy closure.  The infusion cannula was inspected and found to be in good working order.  The infusion cannula was placed into the vitreous cavity and secured with the preplaced suture.  The tip of the infusion cannula was directly visualized and found to be free of any overlying tissue and the infusion was turned on.  Additional sclerotomies were made XX mm posterior to the limbus in the supranasal and supratemporal quadrants.
Vitrectomy - 2 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Pars plana vitrectomy, membrane peel, 23-gauge, right eye.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Epiretinal membrane, right eye.  CME, right eye.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Epiretinal membrane, right eye.  CME, right eye.,PROCEDURES: , Pars plana vitrectomy, membrane peel, 23-gauge, right eye.,PREOPERATIVE FINDINGS:,  The patient had epiretinal membrane causing cystoid macular edema.  Options were discussed with the patient stressing that the visual outcome was guarded.  Especially since this membrane was of chronic duration there is no guarantee of visual outcome.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was wheeled to the OR table.  Local anesthesia was delivered using a retrobulbar needle in an atraumatic fashion 5 cc of Xylocaine and Marcaine was delivered to retrobulbar area and massaged and verified.  Preparation was made for 23-gauge vitrectomy, using the trocar inferotemporal cannula was placed 3.5 mm from the limbus and verified.  The fluid was run.  Then superior sclerotomies were created using the trocars and 3.5 mm from the limbus at 10 o'clock and 2 o'clock.  Vitrectomy commenced and carried on as far anteriorly as possible using intraocular forceps, ILM forceps, the membrane was peeled off in its entirety.  There were no complications.  DVT precautions were in place.  I, as attending, was present in the entire case.
Vertebroplasty 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Unilateral transpedicular T11 vertebroplasty.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  T11 compression fracture with intractable pain.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  T11 compression fracture with intractable pain.,OPERATION PERFORMED:,  Unilateral transpedicular T11 vertebroplasty.,ANESTHESIA:,  Local with IV sedation.,COMPLICATIONS:,  None.,SUMMARY: , The patient in the operating room in the prone position with the back prepped and draped in the sterile fashion.  The patient was given sedation and monitored.  Using AP and lateral fluoroscopic projections the T11 compression fracture was identified.  Starting from the left side local anesthetic was used for skin wheal just lateral superior to the 10 o'clock position of the lateral aspect of the T11 pedicle on the left.  The 13-gauge needle and trocar were then taken and placed to 10 o'clock position on the pedicle.  At this point using AP and lateral fluoroscopic views, the needle and trocar were advanced into the vertebral body using the fluoroscopic images and making sure that the needle was lateral to the medial wall of the pedicle of the pedicle at all times.  Once the vertebral body was entered then using lateral fluoroscopic views, the needle was advanced to the junction of the anterior one third and posterior two thirds of the body.  At this point polymethylmethacrylate was mixed for 60 seconds.  Once the consistency had hardened and the __________ was gone, incremental dose of the cement were injected into the vertebral body.  It was immediately seen that the cement was going cephalad into the vertebral body and was exiting through the crack in the vertebra.  A total 1.2 cc of cement was injected.  On lateral view, the cement crushed to the right side as well.  There was some dye infiltration into the disk space.  There was no dye taken whatsoever into the posterior aspect of the epidural space or intrathecal canal.,At this point, as the needle was slowly withdrawn under lateral fluoroscopic images, visualization was maintained to ensure that none of the cement was withdrawn posteriorly into the epidural space.  Once the needle was withdrawn safely pressure was held over the site for three minutes.  There were no complications.  The patient was taken back to the recovery area in stable condition and kept flat for one hour.  Should be followed up the next morning.
Vitrectomy - 3 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Vitrectomy. A limited conjunctival peritomy was created with Westcott scissors to expose the supranasal and, separately, the supratemporal and inferotemporal quadrants.  

DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION:,  The patient was brought to the operating room and appropriately identified.  Local anesthesia was obtained with a 50/50 mixture of 2% lidocaine and 0.75% bupivacaine given as a peribulbar block.  The patient was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion.  A lid speculum was used to provide exposure to the right eye.,A limited conjunctival peritomy was created with Westcott scissors to expose the supranasal and, separately, the supratemporal and inferotemporal quadrants.  Calipers were set at 3.5 mm and a mark was made 3.5 mm posterior to the limbus in the inferotemporal quadrant.,A 5-0 nylon suture was passed through partial-thickness sclera on either side of this mark.  The MVR blade was used to make a sclerotomy between the pre-placed sutures.  An 8-0 nylon suture was then pre-placed for later sclerotomy closure.  The infusion cannula was inspected and found to be in good working order.  The infusion cannula was placed in the vitreous cavity and secured with the pre-placed sutures.  The tip of the infusion cannula was directly visualized and found to be free of any overlying tissue and the infusion was turned on.,Additional sclerotomies were made 3.5 mm posterior to the limbus in the supranasal and supratemporal quadrants.  The light pipe and vitrectomy handpieces were then placed in the vitreous cavity and a vitrectomy was performed.  There was moderately severe vitreous hemorrhage, which was removed.  Once a view of the posterior pole could be obtained, there were some diabetic membranes emanating along the arcades.  These were dissected with curved scissors and judicious use of the vitrectomy cutter.  There was some bleeding from the inferotemporal frond.  This was managed by raising the intraocular pressure and using intraocular cautery.  The surgical view became cloudy and the corneal epithelium was removed with a beaver blade.  This improved the view.  There is an area suspicious for retinal break near where the severe traction was inferotemporally.  The Endo laser was used to treat in a panretinal scatter fashion to areas that had not received previous treatment.  The indirect ophthalmoscope was used to examine the retinal peripheral for 360 degrees and no tears, holes or dialyses were seen.  There was some residual hemorrhagic vitreous skirt seen.  The soft-tip cannula was then used to perform an air-fluid exchange.  Additional laser was placed around the suspicious area inferotemporally.  The sclerotomies were then closed with 8-0 nylon suture in an X-fashion, the infusion cannula was removed and it sclerotomy closed with the pre-existing 8-0 nylon suture.,The conjunctiva was closed with 6-0 plain gut.  A subconjunctival injection of Ancef and Decadron were given and a drop of atropine was instilled over the eye.  The lid speculum was removed.  Maxitrol ointment was instilled over the eye and the eye was patched.  The patient was brought to the recovery room in stable condition.
Vitrectomy - 1 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Combined closed vitrectomy with membrane peeling, fluid-air exchange, and endolaser, right eye.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment, right eye.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Vitreous hemorrhage and retinal detachment, right eye.,NAME OF PROCEDURE: , Combined closed vitrectomy with membrane peeling, fluid-air exchange, and endolaser, right eye.,ANESTHESIA: , Local with standby.,PROCEDURE:  ,The patient was brought to the operating room, and an equal mixture of Marcaine 0.5% and lidocaine 2% was injected in a retrobulbar fashion.  As soon as satisfactory anesthesia and akinesia had been achieved, the patient was prepped and draped in the usual manner for sterile ophthalmic surgery.  A wire lid speculum was inserted.  Three modified sclerotomies were selected at 9, 10, and 1 o'clock.  At the 9 o'clock position, the Accurus infusion line was put in place and tied with a preplaced #7-0 Vicryl suture.  The two superior sites at 10 and 1 were opened up where the operating microscope with the optical illuminating system was brought into position, and closed vitrectomy was begun.  Initially formed core vitrectomy was performed and formed anterior vitreous was removed.  After this was completed, attention was placed in the posterior segment.  Several broad areas of vitreoretinal traction were noted over the posterior pole out of the equator where the previously noted retinal tears were noted.  These were carefully lifted and dissected off the edges of the flap tears and trimmed to the ora serrata.  After all the vitreous had been removed and the membranes released, the retina was completely mobilized.  Total fluid-air exchange was carried out with complete settling of the retina.  Endolaser was applied around the margins of the retinal tears, and altogether several 100 applications were placed in the periphery.  Good reaction was achieved.  The eye was inspected with an indirect ophthalmoscope.  The retina was noted to be completely attached.  The instruments were removed from the eye.  The sclerotomy sites were closed with #7-0 Vicryl suture.  The infusion line was removed from the eye and tied with a #7-0 Vicryl suture.  The conjunctivae and Tenon's were closed with #6-0 plain gut suture.  A collagen shield soaked with Tobrex placed over the surface of the globe, and a pressure bandage was put in place.  The patient left the operating room in a good condition.
Ventriculostomy Placement 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Placement of left ventriculostomy via twist drill.  Massive intraventricular hemorrhage with hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure.

PROCEDURE: , Placement of left ventriculostomy via twist drill.,PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Massive intraventricular hemorrhage with hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Massive intraventricular hemorrhage with hydrocephalus and increased intracranial pressure.,INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE:  ,The patient is a man with a history of massive intracranial hemorrhage and hydrocephalus with intraventricular hemorrhage.  His condition is felt to be critical.  In a desperate attempt to relieve increased intracranial pressure, we have proposed placing a ventriculostomy.  I have discussed this with patient's wife who agrees and asked that we proceed emergently.,After a sterile prep, drape, and shaving of the hair over the left frontal area, this area is infiltrated with local anesthetic.  Subsequently a 1 cm incision was made over Kocher's point.  Hemostasis was obtained.  Then a twist drill was made over this area.  Bones strips were irrigated away.  The dura was perforated with a spinal needle.,A Camino monitor was connected and zeroed.  This was then passed into the left lateral ventricle on the first pass.  Excellent aggressive very bloody CSF under pressure was noted.  This stopped, slowed, and some clots were noted.  This was irrigated and then CSF continued.  Initial opening pressures were 30, but soon arose to 80 or a 100.,The patient tolerated the procedure well.  The wound was stitched shut and the ventricular drain was then connected to a drainage bag.,Platelets and FFP as well as vitamin K have been administered and ordered simultaneously with the placement of this device to help prevent further clotting or bleeding.
Vasectomy - 4 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Fertile male with completed family.  Elective male sterilization via bilateral vasectomy.

PROCEDURE: , Elective male sterilization via bilateral vasectomy.,PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:  ,Fertile male with completed family.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Fertile male with completed family.,MEDICATIONS:  ,Anesthesia is local with conscious sedation.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,BLOOD LOSS: , Minimal.,INDICATIONS:  ,This 34-year-old gentleman has come to the office requesting sterilization via bilateral vasectomy.  I discussed the indications and the need for procedure with the patient in detail, and he has given consent to proceed.  He has been given prophylactic antibiotics.,PROCEDURE NOTE: , Once satisfactory sedation have been obtained, the patient was placed in the supine position on the operating table.  Genitalia was shaved and then prepped with Betadine scrub and paint solution and were draped sterilely.  The procedure itself was started by grasping the right vas deferens in the scrotum, and bringing it up to the level of the skin.  The skin was infiltrated with 2% Xylocaine and punctured with a sharp hemostat to identify the vas beneath.  The vas was brought out of the incision carefully.  A 2-inch segment was isolated, and 1-inch segment was removed.  The free ends were cauterized and were tied with 2-0 silk sutures in such a fashion that the ends double back on themselves.  After securing hemostasis with a cautery, the ends were allowed to drop back into the incision, which was also cauterized.,Attention was now turned to the left side.  The vas was grasped and brought up to the level of the skin.  The skin was infiltrated with 2% Xylocaine and punctured with a sharp hemostat to identify the vas beneath.  The vas was brought out of the incision carefully.  A 2-inch segment was isolated, and 1-inch segment was removed.  The free ends were cauterized and tied with 2-0 silk sutures in such a fashion that the ends double back on themselves.  After securing hemostasis with the cautery, the ends were allowed to drop back into the incision, which was also cauterized.,Bacitracin ointment was applied as well as dry sterile dressing.  The patient was awakened and was returned to Recovery in satisfactory condition.