harishnair04/mtsamples huggingface dataset:
Colonoscopy - 17 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Universal diverticulosis and nonsurgical internal hemorrhoids. Total colonoscopy with photos.  The patient is a 62-year-old white male who presents to the office with a history of colon polyps and need for recheck.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Colon polyps.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Universal diverticulosis.,2.  Nonsurgical internal hemorrhoids.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:, Total colonoscopy with photos.,ANESTHESIA:,  Demerol 100 mg IV with Versed 3 mg IV.,SPECIMENS: , None.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Minimal.,INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE:  ,The patient is a 62-year-old white male who presents to the office with a history of colon polyps and need for recheck.,PROCEDURE:,  Informed consent was obtained.  All risks and benefits of the procedure were explained and all questions were answered.  The patient was brought back to the Endoscopy Suite where he was connected to cardiopulmonary monitoring.  Demerol 100 mg IV and Versed 3 mg IV was given in a titrated fashion until appropriate anesthesia was obtained.  Upon appropriate anesthesia, a digital rectal exam was performed, which showed no masses.  The colonoscope was then placed into the anus and the air was insufflated.  The scope was then advanced under direct vision into the rectum, rectosigmoid colon, descending colon, transverse colon, ascending colon until it reached the cecum.  Upon entering the sigmoid colon and throughout the rest of the colon, there was noted diverticulosis.  After reaching the cecum, the scope was fully withdrawn visualizing all walls again noting universal diverticulosis.,Upon reaching the rectum, the scope was then retroflexed upon itself and there was noted to be nonsurgical internal hemorrhoids.  The scope was then subsequently removed.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and there were no complications.
Colonoscopy - 13 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 History of polyps.  Total colonoscopy and photography.  Normal colonoscopy, left colonic diverticular disease.  3+ benign prostatic hypertrophy.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , History of polyps.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Normal colonoscopy, left colonic diverticular disease.,2.  3+ benign prostatic hypertrophy.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED: , Total colonoscopy and photography.,GROSS FINDINGS: , This is a 74-year-old white male here for recheck colonoscopy for a history of polyps.  After signed informed consent, blood pressure monitoring, EKG monitoring, and pulse oximetry monitoring, he was brought to the Endoscopic Suite.  He was given 100 mg of Demerol, 3 mg of Versed IV push slowly.  Digital examination revealed a large prostate for which he is following up with his urologist.  No nodules.  3+ BPH.  Anorectal canal was within normal limits.  No stricture tumor or ulcer.  The Olympus CF 20L video endoscope was inserted per anus.  The anorectal canal was visualized, was normal.  The sigmoid, descending, splenic, and transverse showed scattered diverticula.  The hepatic, ascending, cecum, and ileocecal valve was visualized and was normal.  The colonoscope was removed.  The air was aspirated.  The patient was discharged with high-fiber, diverticular diet.  Recheck colonoscopy three years.
Colonoscopy - 12 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Colonoscopy.  The Olympus video colonoscope then was introduced into the rectum and passed by directed vision to the cecum and into the terminal ileum. 

PROCEDURE IN DETAIL: , Following instructions and completion of an oral colonoscopy prep, the patient, having been properly informed of, with signature consenting to total colonoscopy and indicated procedures, the patient received premedications of Vistaril 50 mg, Atropine 0.4 mg IM, and then intravenous medications of Demerol 50 mg and Versed 5 mg IV.  Perirectal inspection was normal.  The Olympus video colonoscope then was introduced into the rectum and passed by directed vision to the cecum and into the terminal ileum.  No abnormalities were seen of the terminal ileum, the ileocecal valve, cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, rectosigmoid and rectum.  Retroflexion exam in the rectum revealed no other abnormality and withdrawal terminated the procedure.
Colonoscopy - 20 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Screening colonoscopy.  Tiny polyps.   If adenomatous, repeat exam in five years.  

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Screening. ,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Tiny Polyps.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:  , Colonoscopy.,PROCEDURE:  , The procedure, indications, and risks were explained to the patient, who understood and agreed.  He was sedated with Versed 3 mg, Demerol 25 mg during the examination.  ,A digital rectal exam was performed and the Pentax Video Colonoscope was advanced over the examiner's finger into the rectum.  It was passed to the level of the cecum.  The ileocecal valve was identified, as was the appendiceal orifice.  ,Slowly withdrawal through the colon revealed a small polyp in the transverse colon.  This was approximately 3 mm in size and was completely removed using multiple bites with cold biopsy forceps.  In addition, there was a 2 mm polyp versus lymphoid aggregate in the descending colon.  This was also removed using the cold biopsy forceps.  Further detail failed to reveal any other lesions with the exception of small hemorrhoids.  ,IMPRESSION:  , Tiny polyps.  ,PLAN:  , If adenomatous, repeat exam in five years.  Otherwise, repeat exam in 10 years.,
Colonoscopy - 2 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Colonoscopy in a patient with prior history of anemia and abdominal bloating.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,  Prior history of anemia, abdominal bloating.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  External hemorrhoids, otherwise unremarkable colonoscopy.,PREMEDICATIONS:,  Versed 5 mg, Demerol 50 mg IV.,REPORT OF PROCEDURE:,  Digital rectal exam revealed external hemorrhoids.  The colonoscope was inserted into the rectal ampulla and advanced to the cecum.  The position of the scope within the cecum was verified by identification of the appendiceal orifice.  The cecum, the ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, and rectum were normal.  The scope was retroflexed in the rectum and no abnormality was seen.  So the scope was straightened, withdrawn, and the procedure terminated.,ENDOSCOPIC IMPRESSION:,1.  Normal colonoscopy.,2.  External hemorrhoids.
Colonoscopy - 11 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Colonoscopy.  The Olympus video colonoscope was inserted through the anus and was advanced in retrograde fashion through the sigmoid colon, descending colon, around the splenic flexure, into the transverse colon, around the hepatic flexure, down the ascending colon, into the cecum. 

MEDICATIONS:,1.  Versed intravenously.,2.  Demerol intravenously.,DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCEDURE: , After informed consent was obtained, the patient was placed in the left lateral decubitus position and sedated with the above medications.  The Olympus video colonoscope was inserted through the anus and was advanced in retrograde fashion through the sigmoid colon, descending colon, around the splenic flexure, into the transverse colon, around the hepatic flexure, down the ascending colon, into the cecum.  The cecum was identified by the presence of the appendiceal orifice and the ileocecal valve.  The colonoscope was then advanced through the ileocecal valve into the terminal ileum, which was normal on examination.  The scope was then pulled back into the cecum and then slowly withdrawn.  The mucosa was examined in detail.  The mucosa was entirely normal.  Upon reaching the rectum, retroflex examination of the rectum was normal.  The scope was then straightened out, the air removed and the scope withdrawn.  The patient tolerated the procedure well.  There were no apparent complications.,
Colonoscopy - 19 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Colonoscopy with terminal ileum examination.   Iron deficiency anemia.  Following titrated intravenous sedation the flexible video endoscope was introduced into the rectum and advanced to the cecum without difficulty. 

INDICATION: , Iron deficiency anemia.,PROCEDURE:  ,Colonoscopy with terminal ileum examination.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Normal examination.,WITHDRAWAL TIME: , 15 minutes.,SCOPE: , CF-H180AL.,MEDICATIONS: , Fentanyl 100 mcg and versed 10 mg.,PROCEDURE DETAIL:  ,Following the preprocedure patient assessment the procedure, goals, risks including bleeding, perforation, missed polyp rate as well as side effects of medications and alternatives were reviewed.  Questions were answered.  Pause preprocedure was performed.,Following titrated intravenous sedation the flexible video endoscope was introduced into the rectum and advanced to the cecum without difficulty.  The ileocecal valve looked normal.  Preparation was fair allowing examination of 85% of mucosa after washing and cleaning with tap water through the scope.  The terminal ileum was intubated through the ileocecal valve for a 5 cm extent.  Terminal ileum mucosa looked normal.,Then the scope was withdrawn while examining the mucosa carefully including the retroflexed views of the rectum.  No polyp, no diverticulum and no bleeding source was identified.,The patient was assessed upon completion of the procedure.  Okay to discharge once criteria met.  ,RECOMMENDATIONS:,  Follow up with primary care physician.
Colonoscopy - 10 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Colon cancer screening and family history of polyps.  Sigmoid diverticulosis and internal hemorrhoids.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Colon cancer screening and family history of polyps.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Colonic polyps.,PROCEDURE:,  Colonoscopy.,ANESTHESIA:,  MAC,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:  ,The Olympus pediatric variable colonoscope was introduced into the rectum and advanced carefully through the colon into the cecum and then through the ileocecal valve into the terminal ileum.  The preparation was excellent and all surfaces were well seen.  The mucosa was normal throughout the colon and in the terminal ileum.  Two polyps were identified and were removed.  The first was a 7-mm sessile lesion in the mid transverse colon at 110 cm, removed with the snare without cautery and retrieved.  The second was a small 4-mm sessile lesion in the sigmoid colon at 20 cm also removed with the snare and retrieved.  No other lesions were identified.  Numerous diverticula were found in the sigmoid colon.  A retroflex through the anorectal junction showed moderate internal hemorrhoids.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was sent to the recovery room.,FINAL DIAGNOSES:,1.  Sigmoid diverticulosis.,2.  Colonic polyps in the transverse colon and sigmoid colon, benign appearance, removed.,3.  Internal hemorrhoids.,4.  Otherwise normal colonoscopy to the terminal ileum.,RECOMMENDATIONS:,1.  Follow up biopsy report.,2.  Follow up with Dr. X as needed.,3.  Screening colonoscopy in 5 years.
Colonoscopy - 15 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Colonoscopy.  Change in bowel habits and rectal prolapse.  Normal colonic mucosa to the cecum.  

PROCEDURE:,  Colonoscopy.,PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Change in bowel habits and rectal prolapse.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Normal colonoscopy.,PROCEDURE:  ,The Olympus pediatric variable colonoscope was introduced through the rectum and advanced carefully through the colon to the cecum identified by the ileocecal valve and the appendiceal orifice.  The preparation was poor, but mucosa was visible after lavage and suction.  Small lesions might have been missed in certain places, but no large lesions are likely to have been missed.  The mucosa was normal, was visualized.  In particular, there was no mucosal abnormality in the rectum and distal sigmoid, which is reported to be prolapsing.  Biopsies were taken from the rectal wall to look for microscopic changes.  The anal sphincter was considerably relaxed, with no tone and a gaping opening.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was sent to recovery room.,FINAL DIAGNOSIS: , Normal colonic mucosa to the cecum.  No contraindications to consideration of a repair of the prolapse.
Colonoscopy - 14 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Colonoscopy. History of colon polyps and partial colon resection, right colon.  Mild diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon.  Hemorrhoids.

PREPROCEDURE DIAGNOSIS: , History of colon polyps and partial colon resection, right colon.,POSTPROCEDURE DIAGNOSES:  ,1. Normal operative site.  ,2. Mild diverticulosis of the sigmoid colon.  ,3. Hemorrhoids.,PROCEDURE:  ,Total colonoscopy.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:  ,The patient is a 60-year-old of Dr. ABC's being evaluated for the above.  The patient also apparently had an x-ray done at the Hospital and it showed a dark spot, and because of this, a colonoscopy was felt to be needed.  She was prepped the night before and on the morning of the test with oral Fleet's, brought to the second floor and sedated with a total of 50 mg of Demerol and 3.75 mg of Versed IV push.  Digital rectal exam was done, unremarkable.  At that point, the Pentax video colonoscope was inserted.  The rectal vault appeared normal.  The sigmoid showed diverticula throughout, mild to moderate in nature.  The scope was then passed through the descending and transverse colon over to the hepatic flexure area and then the anastomosis site was visualized.  The scope was passed a short distance up the ileum, which appeared normal.  The scope was then withdrawn through the transverse, descending, sigmoid, and rectal vault area.  The scope was then retroflexed, and anal verge visualized showed some hemorrhoids.  The scope was then removed.  The patient tolerated the procedure well.,RECOMMENDATIONS:  ,Repeat colonoscopy in three years.
Colonoscopy - 1 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Colonoscopy due to rectal bleeding, constipation, abnormal CT scan, rule out inflammatory bowel disease.

INDICATION: ,  Rectal bleeding, constipation, abnormal CT scan, rule out inflammatory bowel disease.,PREMEDICATION: ,See procedure nurse NCS form.,PROCEDURE:  ,
Closure of Amputation Wounds 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Left upper extremity amputation.  This 3-year-old male suffered amputation of his left upper extremity with complications of injury.  He presents at this time for further attempts at closure.  Left abdominal flap 5 x 5 cm to left forearm, debridement of skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone, closure of wounds, placement of VAC negative pressure wound dressing.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Left upper extremity amputation.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Left upper extremity amputation.,PROCEDURES:,1.  Left abdominal flap 5 x 5 cm to left forearm.,2.  Debridement of skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone.,3.  Closure of wounds, simple closure approximately 8 cm.,4.  Placement of VAC negative pressure wound dressing.,INDICATIONS: , This 3-year-old male suffered amputation of his left upper extremity with complications of injury.  He presents at this time for further attempts at closure.,OPERATIVE FINDINGS: , A clean wound to left upper extremity with partial dehiscence of previously closed wounds and also the closure was satisfactory.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , Under inhalational anesthesia, he was prepped and draped in usual fashion exposing left upper extremity and also exposing continuity of the left abdomen, chest, and groin.  He underwent systematic evaluation of his wound of his left upper extremity and we excised first the whole wound prior to doing some additional closure.  Some areas were dehisced and appeared to be because it was approximation of granulation tissue and as a result the edges were freshened up prior to approximating them.  In this fashion, simple closure was accomplished and its total length was approximately 8 cm.  It should be noted that prior to doing any procedure that appropriate timeout was performed and he received prophylactic antibiotics as indicated and did not require DVT prophylaxis.  At this time, once we accomplished debridement and simple closure removing skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle and bone as well as closing the arm, we could design our flap for the abdomen.  The flap was designed as a slightly greater than 1:1 ellipse of skin from just below the costal margin.  This was elevated at the level of the external oblique and then laid on the left forearm.  The donor's site was closed using interrupted 4-0 Vicryl in the deep dermis and running subcuticular 4-0 Monocryl on the skin.  Steri-Strips were applied.  At this time, the flap was inset using again 4-0 Monocryl sutures and then ultimately the VAC negative pressure wound dressing was applied to help hold this in place and optimize the vascularization of the flap.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and he returned to the recovery room in satisfactory condition.
Collar Tubes 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Collar Tubes technique
Colonoscopy 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Iron deficiency anemia.  Diverticulosis in the sigmoid.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Iron deficiency anemia.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Diverticulosis.,PROCEDURE:,  Colonoscopy.,MEDICATIONS: , MAC.,PROCEDURE: , The Olympus pediatric variable colonoscope was introduced into the rectum and advanced carefully through the colon to the cecum identified by the ileocecal valve and the appendiceal orifice.  Preparation was good, although there was some residual material in the cecum that was difficult to clear completely.  The mucosa was normal throughout the colon.  No polyps or other lesions were identified, and no blood was noted.  Some diverticula were seen of the sigmoid colon with no luminal narrowing or evidence of inflammation.  A retroflex view of the anorectal junction showed no hemorrhoids.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was sent to the recovery room.,FINAL DIAGNOSES:,1.  Diverticulosis in the sigmoid.,2.  Otherwise normal colonoscopy to the cecum.,RECOMMENDATIONS:,1.  Follow up with Dr. X as needed.,2.  Screening colonoscopy in 2 years.,3.  Additional evaluation for other causes of anemia may be appropriate.
Closure of Complex Lacerations 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Closure of multiple complex lacerations.  Multiple complex lacerations of the periorbital area.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Multiple complex lacerations of the periorbital area.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Multiple complex lacerations of the periorbital area.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,  Closure of multiple complex lacerations.,ANESTHESIA: , Local 1% with epinephrine.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , Minimal.,SPECIMEN: , None.,COMPLICATIONS:,  None.,HISTORY:,  The patient is a 19-year-old Caucasian male who presented status post a bicycle versus MVA.  The patient obtained multiple complex lacerations of the right periorbital area.,PROCEDURE: , Informed consent was properly obtained from the patient and he was placed in a 45-degree angle.  Topical viscous lidocaine was applied for pain management and then 1% epinephrine was injected into the periorbital area for anesthetic effect.  A #5-0 Vicryl suture was used to close the deep layers and then #6-0 Prolene was used in interrupted fashion for superficial closure.  The patient was instructed to take Keflex antibiotic for 10 days.  He was also instructed and given prescription for erythromycin ophthalmic ointment to be applied to the periorbital areas t.i.d.  The patient is to ice the area and to follow up in one week for suture removal.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and he was discharged from the Emergency Room in stable condition.
Clear Corneal Temporal Incision 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Clear corneal temporal incision (no stitches).  A lid speculum was placed in the fissure of the right eye.

CLEAR CORNEAL TEMPORAL INCISION (NO STITCHES),DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION: , Under satisfactory local anesthesia, the patient was appropriately prepped and draped.  A lid speculum was placed in the fissure of the right eye.,The secondary incision was then made through clear cornea using 1-mm diamond keratome at surgeon's 7:30 position and the anterior chamber re-formed using viscoelastic.  The primary incision was then made using a 3-mm diamond keratome at the surgeon's 5 o'clock position and additional viscoelastic injected into the anterior chamber as needed.  The capsulorrhexis was then performed in a standard circular tear fashion.  The nucleus was then separated from its cortical attachments by hydrodissection and emulsified in the capsular bag.  The residual cortex was then aspirated from the bag and the bag re-expanded using viscoelastic.  The posterior chamber intraocular lens was then inspected, irrigated, coated with Healon and folded, and then placed into the capsular bag under direct visualization.  The lens was noted to center well.  The residual viscoelastic was then removed from the eye and the eye re-formed using balanced salt solution.  The eye was then checked and found to be watertight; therefore, no suture was used.  The lid speculum and the drapes were then removed and the eye treated with Maxitrol ointment.,A shield was applied and the patient returned to the recovery room in good condition.
Closed Reduction - 1 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Right distal both-bone forearm fracture.  Closed reduction under conscious sedation and application of a splint was warranted.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right distal both-bone forearm fracture.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right distal both-bone forearm fracture.,INDICATIONS:,  Mr. ABC is a 10-year-old boy who suffered a fall resulting in a right distal both-bone forearm fracture.  Upon evaluation by Orthopedic Surgery team in the emergency department, it was determined that a closed reduction under conscious sedation and application of a splint was warranted.  This was discussed with the parents who expressed verbal and written consent.,PROCEDURE:,  Conscious sedation was achieved via propofol via the emergency department staff.  Afterwards, traction with re-creation of the injury pattern was utilized to achieve reduction of the patient's fracture.  This was confirmed with image intensifier.  Subsequently, the patient was placed into a splint.  The patient was aroused from conscious sedation and at this time it was noted that he had full sensation throughout radial, median, and ulnar nerve distributions and positive extensor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis longus, dorsal and palmar interossei.,DISPOSITION:  ,Post-reduction x-rays revealed good alignment in the AP x-rays.  The lateral x-rays also revealed adequate reduction.  At this time, we will allow the patient to be discharged home and have him follow up with Dr. XYZ in one week.
Closed Reduction - 2 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Left distal both-bone forearm fracture.  Closed reduction with splint application with use of image intensifier.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Left distal both-bone forearm fracture.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Left distal both-bone forearm fracture.,PROCEDURE:,  Closed reduction with splint application with use of image intensifier.,INDICATIONS: , Mr. ABC is an 11-year-old boy who sustained a fall on 07/26/2008.  Evaluation in the emergency department revealed both-bone forearm fracture.  Considering the amount of angulation, it was determined that we should proceed with conscious sedation and closed reduction.  After discussion with parents, verbal and written consent was obtained.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:  ,The patient was induced with propofol for conscious sedation via the emergency department staff.  After it was confirmed that appropriate sedation had been reached, a longitudinal traction in conjunction with re-creation of the injury maneuver was applied reducing the fracture.  Subsequently, this was confirmed with image intensification, a sugar-tong splint was applied and again reduction was confirmed with image intensifier.  The patient was aroused from anesthesia and tolerated the procedure well.  Post-reduction plain films revealed some anterior displacement of the distal fragment.  At this time, it was determined this fracture proved to be unstable.,DISPOSITION: , After review of the reduction films, it appears that there is some element of fracture causing displacement.  We will proceed to the operating room for open reduction and internal fixation versus closed reduction and percutaneous pinning as our operative schedule allows.,