harishnair04/mtsamples huggingface dataset:
EGD - 2 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, patient with dysphagia.

PROCEDURES PERFORMED: , Esophagogastroduodenoscopy.,PREPROCEDURE DIAGNOSIS: , Dysphagia.,POSTPROCEDURE DIAGNOSIS: , Active reflux esophagitis, distal esophageal stricture, ring due to reflux esophagitis, dilated with balloon to 18 mm.,PROCEDURE: , Informed consent was obtained prior to the procedure with special attention to benefits, risks, alternatives.  Risks explained as bleeding, infection, bowel perforation, aspiration pneumonia, or reaction to the medications.  Vital signs were monitored by blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation.  Supplemental O2 given.  Specifics of the procedure discussed.  The procedure was discussed with father and mother as the patient is mentally challenged.  He has no complaints of dysphagia usually for solids, better with liquids, worsening over the last 6 months, although there is an emergency department report from last year.  He went to the emergency department yesterday with beef jerky.,All of this reviewed.  The patient is currently on Cortef, Synthroid, Tegretol, Norvasc, lisinopril, DDAVP.  He is being managed for extensive past history due to an astrocytoma, brain surgery, hypothyroidism, endocrine insufficiency.  He has not yet undergone significant workup.  He has not yet had an endoscopy or barium study performed.  He is developmentally delayed due to the surgery, panhypopituitarism.,His family history is significant for his father being of mine, also having reflux issues, without true heartburn, but distal esophageal stricture.  The patient does not smoke, does not drink.  He is living with his parents.  Since his emergency department visitation yesterday, no significant complaints.,Large male, no acute distress.  Vital signs monitored in the endoscopy suite.  Lungs clear.  Cardiac exam showed regular rhythm.  Abdomen obese but soft.  Extremity exam showed large hands.  He was a Mallampati score A, ASA classification type 2.,The procedure discussed with the patient, the patient's mother.  Risks, benefits, and alternatives discussed.  Potential alternatives for dysphagia, such as motility disorder, given his brain surgery, given the possibility of achalasia and similar discussed.  The potential need for a barium swallow, modified barium swallow, and similar discussed.  All questions answered.  At this point, the patient will undergo endoscopy for evaluation of dysphagia, with potential benefit of the possibility to dilate him should there be a stricture.  He may have reflux symptoms, without complaining of heartburn.  He may benefit from a trial of PPI.  All of this reviewed.  All questions answered.,
Ear Laceration Repair 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Repair of left ear laceration deformity Y-V plasty 2 cm.  Repair of right ear laceration deformity, complex repair 2 cm.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Bilateral ear laceration deformities.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Bilateral ear laceration deformities.,PROCEDURE:,1.  Repair of left ear laceration deformity Y-V plasty 2 cm.,2.  Repair of right ear laceration deformity, complex repair 2 cm.,ANESTHESIA: , 1% Xylocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine local.,BRIEF CLINICAL NOTE: , This patient was brought to the operating room today for the above procedure.,OPERATIVE NOTE: , The patient was laid in supine position, adequately anesthetized with the above anesthesia, sterilely prepped and draped.  The left ear laceration deformity was very close to the bottom of her ear and therefore it was transected through the centrifugal edge of the ear lobe and pared.  The marsupialized epithelialized tracts were pared to raw tissue.  They were pared in a fashion to create a Y-V plasty with de-epithelialization of the distal V and overlap of the undermined from the proximal cephalad edge.  The 5-0 chromic sutures were used to approximate anteriorly, posteriorly, and anterior centrifugal edge in the Y-V plasty fashion to decrease the risk of notching.  Bacitracin, Band-Aid was placed.  Next, attention was turned to the contralateral ear where an elongated laceration deformity was pared of the marsupialized epithelialized edges anteriorly, posteriorly to create raw edges.  This was not taken through the edge of the lobe to decrease the risk of notch deformity.  The laceration was repaired anteriorly and posteriorly in a pleated fashion to decrease length of the incision and to decrease any deformity toward the edge or any dog-ear deformity toward the edge.  The 5-0 chromic sutures were used in interrupted fashion for this.  The patient tolerated the procedure well.  Band-Aid and bacitracin were placed.  She left the operating room in stable condition.
Ear Examination 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Right ear examination under anesthesia.  Right tympanic membrane perforation along with chronic otitis media.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right tympanic membrane perforation.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right tympanic membrane perforation along with chronic otitis media.,PROCEDURE: , Right ear examination under anesthesia.,INDICATIONS: , The patient is a 15-year-old child with history of a right tympanic membrane perforation following tube placement as well as right conductive hearing loss.  Exam in the office revealed a posterior superior right marginal tympanic perforation.  Risks and benefits of surgery including risk of bleeding, general anesthesia, hearing loss as well as recurrent perforation were discussed with the mother.  The mother wished to proceed with surgery.,FINDINGS:,  The patient was brought to the room, placed in supine position, given general endotracheal anesthesia.  The postauricular crease was then injected with 1% Xylocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine along with external meatus.  An area of the scalp was shaved above the ear and then also 1% Xylocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine injected, a total of 4 mL local anesthetic was used.  The ear was then prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion.  The microscope was then brought into view and examining the marginal perforation, the patient was noted to have large granuloma under the tympanic membrane at the anterior border of the drum.  The granulation tissue was debrided as much as possible.  Decision was made to cancel the tympanoplasty after debriding the middle ear space as much as possible.  The middle ear space was filled with Floxin drops.  The patient woke up anesthesia, extubated, and brought to recovery room in stable condition.  There were no intraoperative complications.  Needle and sponge was correct.  Estimated blood loss minimal.
Dual Chamber ICD Implantation 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
  Dual Chamber ICD Implantation, fluoroscopy,  defibrillation threshold testing, venography.

PROCEDURE:,1.  Implantation, dual chamber ICD.,2.  Fluoroscopy.,3.  Defibrillation threshold testing.,4.  Venography.,PROCEDURE NOTE: , After informed consent was obtained, the patient was taken to the operating room.  The patient was prepped and draped in a sterile fashion.  Using modified Seldinger technique, the left subclavian vein was attempted to be punctured but unsuccessfully.  Approximately 10 cc of intravenous contrast was injected into the left upper extremity peripheral vein.  Venogram was then performed.  Under fluoroscopy via modified Seldinger technique, the left subclavian vein was punctured and a guidewire was passed through the vein into the superior vena cava, then the right atrium and then into the inferior vena cava.  A second guidewire was placed in a similar fashion.  Approximately a 5 cm incision was made in the left upper anterior chest.  The skin and subcutaneous tissue was dissected out of the prepectoral fascia.  Both guide wires were brought into the pocket area.  A sheath was placed over the lateral guidewire and fluoroscopically guided to the vena cava.  The dilator and guidewire were removed.  A Fixation ventricular lead, under fluoroscopic guidance, was placed through the sheath into the superior vena cava, right atrium and then right ventricle.  Using straight and curved stylettes, it was placed in position and screwed into the right ventricular apex.  After pacing and sensing parameters were established in the lead, the collar on the lead was sutured to the pectoral muscle with Ethibond suture.  A guide sheath was placed over the guidewire and fluoroscopically placed in the superior vena cava.  The dilator and guidewire were removed.  An Active Fixation atrial lead was fluoroscopically passed through the sheath, into the superior vena cava and then the right atrium.  Using straight and J-shaped stylettes, it was placed in the appropriate position and screwed in the right atrial appendage area.  After significant pacing parameters were established in the lead, the collar on the lead was sutured to the pectoral muscles with Ethibond suture.  The tract was flushed with saline solution.  A Medtronic pulse generator was attached to both the leads and fixed to the pectoral muscle with Ethibond suture.  Deep and superficial layers were closed with 3-0 Vicryl in a running fashion.  Steri-strips were placed over the incision.  Tegaderm was placed over the Steri-strips.  Pressure dressing was applied to the pocket area.
Dual Chamber Generator Replacement 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Dual chamber generator replacement.  The patient is a pleasant patient who presented to the office, recently was found to be at ERI and she has been referred for generator replacement.

REFERRAL INDICATIONS,1.  Pacemaker at ERI.,2.  History AV block.,PROCEDURES PLANNED AND PERFORMED:,  Dual chamber generator replacement.,FLUOROSCOPY TIME: , 0 minutes.,MEDICATION AT THE TIME OF STUDY,1.  Ancef 1 g.,2.  Versed 2 mg.,3.  Fentanyl 50 mcg.,CLINICAL HISTORY:  ,The patient is a pleasant patient who presented to the office, recently was found to be at ERI and she has been referred for generator replacement.,RISKS AND BENEFITS: , Risks, benefits, and alternatives to generator replacement have been discussed with the patient.  Risks including but not limited to bleeding, infection, vascular injury, and the need for pacemaker upgrade were discussed with the patient.  The patient agreed both verbally and via written consent.,DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION: , The patient was transported to the cardiac catheterization laboratory in a fasting state.  The region of the left dorsal pectoral groove was prepped and draped in a usual sterile manner.  Lidocaine 1% (20 mL) was administered to the area of the previous incision.  A transverse incision was made through the skin and subcutaneous tissue.  Hemostasis was achieved with electrocautery.  Using blunt dissection, pacemaker, and leads were removed from the pocket.  Leads were disconnected from the pulse generator and interrogated.  The pocket was washed with antibiotic impregnated saline.  The new pulse generator was obtained and connected securely to the leads and placed back in the pocket.  The pocket was then closed with 2-0, 3-0, and 4-0 Vicryl using running stitch.  Sponge and needle counts were correct at the end of the procedure.  No acute complications were noted.,DEVICE DATA,1.  Explanted pulse generator Medronic, product # KDR601, serial # ABCD1234.,2.  New pulse generator Medronic, product # ADDR01, serial # ABCD1234.,3.  Right atrial lead, product # 4068, serial # ABCD1234.,4.  Right atrial lead, product # 4068, serial # ABCD1234.,MEASURED INTRAOPERATIVE DATA,1.  Right atrial lead impedance 572 ohms.  P wave measure 3.7 mV, pacing threshold 1.5 volts at 0.5 msec.,2.  Right ventricular lead impedance 365 ohms.  No R waves to measure, pacing threshold 0.9 volts at 0.5 msec.,CONCLUSIONS,1.  Successful dual chamber generator replacement.,2.  No acute complications.,PLAN,1.  She will be monitored for 3 hours and then dismissed home.,2.  Resume all medications.  Ex-home dismissal instructions.,3.  Doxycycline 100 mg one p.o. twice daily for 7 days.,4.  Wound check in 7-10 days.,5.  Continue followup in device clinic.
Dorsal Ganglion - Excision 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Excision dorsal ganglion, right wrist.   The extensor retinaculum was then incised and the extensor tendon was dissected and retracted out of the operative field. 

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Dorsal ganglion, right wrist.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Dorsal ganglion, right wrist.,OPERATIONS PERFORMED:,  Excision dorsal ganglion, right wrist.,ANESTHESIA:,  Monitored anesthesia care with regional anesthesia applied by surgeon.,TOURNIQUET TIME:,  minutes.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , With the patient under adequate anesthesia, the upper extremity was prepped and draped in a sterile manner.  The arm was exsanguinated and the tourniquet was elevated to 290 mm/Hg.  A transverse incision was made over the dorsal ganglion.  Using blunt dissection the dorsal ulnar sensory nerve branches and radial sensory nerve branches were dissected and retracted out of the operative field.  The extensor retinaculum was then incised and the extensor tendon was dissected and retracted out of the operative field.  The ganglion was then further dissected to its origin from the dorsal distal scapholunate interosseus ligament and excised in toto.  Care was taken to protect ligament integrity.  Reactive synovium was then removed using soft tissue rongeur technique.  The wound was then infiltrated with 0.25% Marcaine.  The tendons were allowed to resume their normal anatomical position.  The skin was closed with 3-0 Prolene subcuticular stitch.  Sterile dressings were applied.  The tourniquet was deflated.  The patient was awakened from anesthesia and returned to the recovery room in satisfactory condition having tolerated the procedure well.
Dupuytren Disease Excision 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Excision of Dupuytren disease of the right hand extending out to the proximal interphalangeal joint of the little finger.  The patient is a 51-year-old male with left Dupuytren disease, which is causing contractions both at the metacarpophalangeal and the PIP joint as well as significant discomfort.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right hand Dupuytren disease to the little finger.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:  ,Right hand Dupuytren disease to the little finger.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:  ,Excision of Dupuytren disease of the right hand extending out to the proximal interphalangeal joint of the little finger.,COMPLICATIONS:  ,None.,BLOOD LOSS: , Minimal.,ANESTHESIA: , Bier block.,INDICATIONS:  ,The patient is a 51-year-old male with left Dupuytren disease, which is causing contractions both at the metacarpophalangeal and the PIP joint as well as significant discomfort.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:  ,The patient was taken to the operating room, laid supine, administered a bier block, and prepped and draped in the sterile fashion.  A zig-zag incision was made down the palmar surface of the little finger and under the palm up to the mid palm region.  Skin flaps were elevated carefully, dissecting Dupuytren contracture off the undersurface of the flaps.  Both neurovascular bundles were identified proximally in the hand and the Dupuytren disease fibrous band was divided proximally, which essentially returned to normal-appearing tissue.  The neurovascular bundles were then dissected distally resecting everything medial to the 2 neurovascular bundles and above the flexor tendon sheath all the way out to the PIP joint of the finger where the Dupuytren disease stopped.  The wound was irrigated.  The neurovascular bundles rechecked with no evidence of any injury and the neurovascular bundles were not significantly involved in the Dupuytren disease.  The incisions were closed with 5-0 nylon interrupted sutures.,The patient tolerated the procedure well and was taken to the PACU in good condition.
Dorsal Extensor Compartment Release 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Stenosing tenosynovitis first dorsal extensor compartment/de Quervain tendonitis.  Release of first dorsal extensor compartment.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Stenosing tenosynovitis first dorsal extensor compartment/de Quervain tendonitis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Stenosing tenosynovitis first dorsal extensor compartment/de Quervain tendonitis.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,  Release of first dorsal extensor compartment.,ASSISTANT: , None.,ANESTHESIA: , Bier block.,TOURNIQUET TIME: , 30 minutes.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,INDICATIONS:  ,The above patient is a 47-year-old right hand dominant black female who has signs and symptomology of de Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis.  She was treated conservatively with steroid injections, splinting, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents without relief.  She is presenting today for release of the first dorsal extensor compartment.  She is aware of the risks, benefits, alternatives and has consented to this operation.,PROCEDURE: , The patient was given intravenous prophylactic antibiotics.  She was taken to the operating suite under the auspices of Anesthesiology.  She was given a left upper extremity bier block.  Her left upper extremity was then prepped and draped in the normal fashion with Betadine solution.  Afterwards, a transverse incision was made over the extensor retinaculum of the first dorsal extensor compartment.  Dissection was carried down through the dermis into the subcutaneous tissue.  The dorsal radial sensory branches were kept out of harm's way.  They were retracted gently to the ulnar side of the wrist.  The retinaculum was incised with a #15 scalpel blade in the longitudinal fashion and the retinaculum was released completely both proximally and distally.  Both the extensor pollices brevis and abductor pollices longus tendons were identified.  There was no pathology noted within the first dorsal extensor compartment.  The wound was irrigated.  Hemostasis was obtained with bipolar cautery.  The wound was infiltrated with _0.25% Marcaine solution and then closure performed with #6-0 nylon suture utilizing a horizontal mattress stitch.  Sterile occlusive dressing was applied along with the thumb spica splint.  The tourniquet was released and the patient was transported to the recovery area in stable and satisfactory condition.
Double Lumen Port Inserstion 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Insertion of a double lumen port through the left femoral vein, radiological guidance.  Open exploration of the left subclavian and axillary vein.  Metastatic glossal carcinoma, needing chemotherapy and a port.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Metastatic glossal carcinoma, needing chemotherapy and a port.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Metastatic glossal carcinoma, needing chemotherapy and a port.,PROCEDURES,1.  Open exploration of the left subclavian/axillary vein.,2.  Insertion of a double lumen port through the left femoral vein, radiological guidance.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , After obtaining the informed consent, the patient was electively taken to the operating room, where he underwent a general anesthetic through his tracheostomy.  The left deltopectoral and cervical areas were prepped and draped in the usual fashion.  Local anesthetic was infiltrated in the area.  There was some evidence that surgical procedure had happened in the area nearby and also there was collateral venous circulation under the skin, which made us suspicious that may be __________, but at any rate I tried to cannulate it subcutaneously and I was unsuccessful.  Therefore, I proceeded to make an incision and was able to isolate the vein, which would look very sclerotic.  I tried to cannulate it, but I could not advance the wire.,At that moment, I decided that there was no way we are going to put a port though that area.  I packed the incision and we prepped and redraped the patient including both groins.  Local anesthetic was infiltrated and then the left femoral vein was percutaneously cannulated without any difficulty.  The introducer was placed and then a wire and then the catheter of the double lumen port, which had been trimmed to position it near the heart.  It was done with radiological guidance.  Again, I was able to position the catheter in the junction of inferior vena cava and right atrium.  The catheter was looked upwards and the double lumen port was inserted subcutaneously towards the iliac area.  The port had been aspirated satisfactorily and irrigated with heparin solution.  The drain incision was closed in layers including subcuticular suture with Monocryl.  Then, we went up to the left shoulder and closed that incision in layers.  Dressings were applied.,The patient tolerated the procedure well and was sent back to recovery room in satisfactory condition.
Direct Laryngoscopy 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Subglottic stenosis.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Subglottic stenosis.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURES: , Direct laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy.,ANESTHESIA:,  General inhalation.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was taken to the operating room and placed supine on the operative table.  General inhalational anesthesia was administered through the patient's tracheotomy tube.  The small Parsons laryngoscope was inserted and the 2.9-mm telescope was used to inspect the airway.  There was an estimated 60-70% circumferential mature subglottic stenosis that extended from just under the vocal folds to approximately 3 mm below the vocal folds.  The stoma showed some suprastomal fibroma.  The remaining tracheobronchial passages were clear.  The patient's 3.5 neonatal tracheostomy tube was repositioned and secured with Velcro ties.  Bleeding was negligible.  There were no untoward complications.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was transferred to recovery room in stable condition.
Diskectomy & Fusion 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Degenerative disk disease at L4-L5 and L5-S1.  Anterior exposure diskectomy and fusion at L4-L5 and L5-S1.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Degenerative disk disease at L4-L5 and L5-S1.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Degenerative disk disease at L4-L5 and L5-S1.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:  ,Anterior exposure diskectomy and fusion at L4-L5 and L5-S1.,ANESTHESIA: , General.,COMPLICATIONS:,  None.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , 150 mL.,PROCEDURE IN DETAIL:  ,Patient was prepped and draped in sterile fashion.  Left lower quadrant incision was performed and taken down to the preperitoneal space with the use of the Bovie, and then preperitoneal space was opened.  The iliac veins were carefully mobilized medially, and then the L4-L5 disk space was confirmed by fluoroscopy, and diskectomy fusion, which will be separately dictated by Dr. X, was performed after the adequate exposure was gained, and then after this L4-L5 disk space was fused and the L5-S1 disk space was carefully identified between the iliac vessels and the presacral veins and vessels were ligated with clips, disk was carefully exposed.  Diskectomy and fusion, which will be separately dictated by Dr. X, were performed.  Once this was completed, all hemostasis was confirmed.  The preperitoneal space was reduced.  X-ray confirmed adequate positioning and fusion.  Then the fascia was closed with #1 Vicryl sutures, and then the skin was closed in 2 layers, the first layer being 2-0 Vicryl subcutaneous tissues and then a 4-0 Monocryl subcuticular stitch, then dressed with Steri-Strips and 4 x 4's.  Then patient was placed in the prone position after vascular checks of the lower extremity confirmed patency of the arteries with warm bilateral lower extremities.