harishnair04/mtsamples huggingface dataset:
Craniotomy - Burr Hole  
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Right burr hole craniotomy for evacuation of subdural hematoma and placement of subdural drain.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Right chronic subdural hematoma.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: ,Right chronic subdural hematoma.,TYPE OF OPERATION: , Right burr hole craniotomy for evacuation of subdural hematoma and placement of subdural drain.,ANESTHESIA: , General endotracheal anesthesia.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , 100 cc.,OPERATIVE PROCEDURE:,  In preoperative identification, the patient was taken to the operating room and placed in supine position.  Following induction of satisfactory general endotracheal anesthesia, the patient was prepared for surgery.  Table was turned.  The right shoulder roll was placed.  The head was turned to the left and rested on a doughnut.  The scalp was shaved, and then prepped and draped in usual sterile fashion.  Incisions were marked along a putative right frontotemporal craniotomy frontally and over the parietal boss.  The parietal boss incision was opened.  It was about an inch and a half in length.  It was carried down to the skull.  Self-retaining retractor was placed.  A bur hole was now fashioned with the perforator.  This was widened with a 2-mm Kerrison punch.  The dura was now coagulated with bipolar electrocautery.  It was opened in a cruciate-type fashion.  The dural edges were coagulated back to the bony edges.  There was egress of a large amount of liquid.  Under pressure, we irrigated for quite sometime until irrigation was returning mostly clear.  A subdural drain was now inserted under direct vision into the subdural space and brought out through a separate stab incision.  It was secured with a 3-0 nylon suture.  The area was closed with interrupted inverted 2-0 Vicryl sutures.  The skin was closed with staples.  Sterile dressing was applied.  The patient was subsequently returned back to anesthesia.  He was extubated in the operating room, and transported to PACU in satisfactory condition.
Control of Parapharyngeal Hemorrhage 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Postoperative hemorrhage. Examination under anesthesia with control of right parapharyngeal space hemorrhage.  The patient is a 35-year-old female with a history of a chronic pharyngitis and obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy. 

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Postoperative hemorrhage.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Postoperative hemorrhage.,SURGICAL PROCEDURE:  ,Examination under anesthesia with control of right parapharyngeal space hemorrhage.,ANESTHESIA:  ,General endotracheal technique.,SURGICAL FINDINGS: , Right lower pole bleeder cauterized with electrocautery with good hemostasis.,INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY: , The patient is a 35-year-old female with a history of a chronic pharyngitis and obstructive adenotonsillar hypertrophy.  Previously, in the day she had undergone a tonsillectomy with adenoidectomy and was recovering without difficulty.  However, in the PACU after a coughing spell she began bleeding from the right oropharynx, and was taken back to the operative suite for control of hemorrhage.,DESCRIPTION OF SURGERY:  ,The patient was placed supine on the operating room table and general anesthetic was administered, once appropriate anesthetic findings achieved the patient was intubated and then prepped and draped in usual sterile manner for a parapharyngeal space hemorrhage.  A Crowe-Davis type mouth gag was introduced in the oropharynx and under operating headlight the oropharynx was clearly visualized.  There was a small bleeder present at the inferior mid pole of the right oropharynx in the tonsillar fossa, this area was cauterized with suction cautery and irrigated.  There was no other bleeding noted.  The patient was repositioned and the mouth gag, the tongue was rotated to the left side of the mouth and the right parapharyngeal space carefully examined.  There was a small amount of oozing noted in the right tonsillar bed, and this was cauterized with suction cautery.  No other bleeding was noted and the patient was recovered from general anesthetic.  She was extubated and left the operating room in good condition to postoperative recovery room area.  Prior to extubation the patient's tonsillar fossa were injected with a 6 mL of 0.25% Marcaine with 1:100,000 adrenalin solution to facilitate postoperative analgesia and hemostasis.
Condyloma Cauterization 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Cauterization of peri and intra-anal condylomas.  Extensive perianal and intra-anal condyloma which are likely represent condyloma acuminata.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Extensive perianal and intra-anal condyloma.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Extensive perianal and intra-anal condyloma.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,  Cauterization of peri and intra-anal condylomas.,ANESTHESIA:  ,IV sedation and local.,SPECIMEN: , Multiple condylomas were sent to pathology.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS: , 10 cc.,BRIEF HISTORY: , This is a 22-year-old female, who presented to the office complaining of condylomas she had noted in her anal region.  She has noticed approximately three to four weeks ago.  She denies any pain but does state that there is some itching.  No other symptoms associated.,GROSS FINDINGS: , We found multiple extensive perianal and intra-anal condylomas, which are likely represent condyloma acuminata.,PROCEDURE: , After risks, benefits and complications were explained to the patient and a verbal consent was obtained, the patient was taken to the operating room.  After the area was prepped and draped, a local anesthesia was achieved with Marcaine.  Bovie electrocautery was then used to remove the condylomas taking care to achieve meticulous hemostasis throughout the course of the procedure.  The condylomas were removed 350 degrees from the perianal and intra-anal regions.  After all visible condylomas were removed, the area was again washed with acetic acid solution.  Any residual condylomas were then cauterized at this time.  The area was then examined again for any residual bleeding and there was none.,DISPOSITION: , The patient was taken to Recovery in stable condition.  She will be sent home with prescriptions for a topical lidocaine and Vicodin.  She will be instructed to do sitz bath b.i.d., and post-bowel movement.  She will follow up in the office next week.
Cone Biopsy 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Cervical cone biopsy, dilatation & curettage

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Cervical carcinoma in situ.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Cervical carcinoma in situ.,OPERATION PERFORMED:,  Cervical cone biopsy, dilatation & curettage.,SPECIMENS:  ,Cone biopsy, endocervical curettings, endometrial curettings.,INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE: , The patient recently presented with a Pap smear showing probable adenocarcinoma in situ.  The patient was advised to have cone biopsy to fully assess endocervical glands.,FINDINGS: , During the examination, under anesthesia, the vulva, vagina, and cervix were grossly unremarkable.  The uterus was smooth with no palpable cervical nodularity and no adnexal masses were noted.,PROCEDURE: , The patient was brought to the Operating Room with an IV in place.  Anesthetic was administered and she was placed in the lithotomy position.  The patient was prepped and draped after which a weighted speculum was placed in the vagina and a tenaculum was placed on the cervix for traction.  Angle stitches of 0 Vicryl sutures were placed at 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock in the lateral vagina fornices.  The cervix was stained with Lugol's iodine solution. ,After the cervix was stained, a scalpel was used to excise a cone shaped biopsy circumferentially around the cervical os.  The specimen was removed intact, after which the uterine cavity was sounded to a depth of 8 cm.  A Kevorkian curette was used to obtain endocervical curettings.  The cone biopsy site was sutured using a running lock stitch of 0 Vicryl suture.  Upon completion of the suture placement, the endocervical canal was sounded to assure patency.  A prophylactic application of Monsel's solution completed the procedure.  ,The patient was awakened from her anesthetic and taken to the post anesthesia care unit in stable condition.  Final sponge, needle, and instrument counts were.
Colonoscopy with Biopsy - 4 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Colonoscopy with random biopsies and culture.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Antibiotic-associated diarrhea.  ,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:  ,Antibiotic-associated diarrhea.  ,OPERATION PERFORMED: , Colonoscopy with random biopsies and culture.,INDICATIONS: , The patient is a 50-year-old woman who underwent hemorrhoidectomy approximately one year ago.  She has been having difficulty since that time with intermittent diarrhea and abdominal pain.  She states this happens quite frequently and can even happen when she uses topical prednisone for her ears or for her eyes.  She presents today for screening colonoscopy, based on the same.,OPERATIVE COURSE:  , The risks and benefits of colonoscopy were explained to the patient in detail.  She provided her consent.  The morning of the operation, the patient was transported from the preoperative holding area to the endoscopy suite.  She was placed in the left lateral decubitus position.  In divided doses, she was given 7 mg of Versed and 125 mcg of fentanyl.  A digital rectal examination was performed, after which time the scope was intubated from the anus to the level of the hepatic flexure.  This was intubated fairly easily; however, the patient was clearly in some discomfort and was shouting out, despite the amount of anesthesia she was provided.  In truth, the pain she was experiencing was out of proportion to any maneuver or difficulty with the procedure.  While more medication could have been given, the patient is actually a fairly thin woman and diminutive and I was concerned that giving her any more sedation may lead to respiratory or cardiovascular collapse.  In addition, she was really having quite some difficulty staying still throughout the procedure and was putting us all at some risk.  For this reason, the procedure was aborted at the level of the hepatic flexure.  She was noted to have some pools of stool.  This was suctioned and sent to pathology for C difficile, ova and parasites, and fecal leukocytes.  Additionally, random biopsies were performed of the colon itself.  It is unfortunate we were unable to complete this procedure, as I would have liked to have taken biopsies of the terminal ileum.  However, given the degree of discomfort she had, again, coupled with the relative ease of the procedure itself, I am very suspicious of irritable bowel syndrome.  The patient tolerated the remainder of the procedure fairly well and was sent to the recovery room in stable condition, where it is anticipated she will be discharged to home.,PLAN:,  She needs to follow up with me in approximately 2 weeks' time, both to follow up with her biopsies and cultures.  She has been given a prescription for VSL3, a probiotic, to assist with reculturing the rectum.  She may also benefit from an antispasmodic and/or anxiolytic.  Lastly, it should be noted that when she next undergoes endoscopic procedure, propofol would be indicated.
Colpocleisis 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Colpocleisis and rectocele repair.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES: , Vault prolapse and rectocele.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,  Vault prolapse and rectocele.,OPERATION: , Colpocleisis and rectocele repair.,ANESTHESIA:  ,Spinal.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:,  Minimal.,FLUIDS: , Crystalloid.,BRIEF HISTORY OF THE PATIENT: , This is an 85-year-old female who presented to us with a vaginal mass.  On physical exam, the patient was found to have grade 3 rectocele and poor apical support, and history of hysterectomy.  The patient had good anterior support at the bladder.  Options were discussed such as watchful waiting, pessary, repair with and without mesh, and closing of the vagina (colpocleisis) were discussed.  Risk of anesthesia, bleeding, infection, pain, MI, DVT, PE, morbidity, and mortality of the procedure were discussed., ,Risk of infection and abscess formation were discussed.  The patient understood all the risks and benefits and wanted to proceed with the procedure.  Risk of retention and incontinence were discussed.  Consent was obtained through the family members.,DETAILS OF THE OR:,  The patient was brought to the OR.  Anesthesia was applied.  The patient was placed in dorsal lithotomy position.  The patient had a Foley catheter placed.  The posterior side of the rectocele was visualized with grade 3 rectocele and poor apical support.  A 1% lidocaine with epinephrine was applied for posterior hydrodissection, which was very difficult to do due to the significant scarring of the posterior part.  Attempts were made to lift the vaginal mucosa off of the rectum, which was very, very difficult to do at this point due to the patient's overall poor medical condition in terms of poor mobility and significant scarring.  Discussion was done with the family in the waiting area regarding simply closing the vagina and doing a colpocleisis since the patient is actually inactive.  Family agreed that she is not active and they rather not have any major invasive procedure especially in light of scarring and go ahead and perform the colpocleisis.  Oral consent was obtained from the family and her surgery was preceded.  The vaginal mucosa was denuded off using electrocautery and Metzenbaum scissors.  Using 0 Vicryl, 2 transverse longitudinal stitches were placed to bring the anterior and the posterior part of the vagina together and was started at the apex and was brought all the way out to the introitus.  The vaginal mucosa was pretty much completely closed off all the way up to the introitus.  Indigo carmine was given.  Cystoscopy revealed there was a good efflux of urine from both of the ureteral openings.  There was no injury to the bladder or kinking of the ureteral openings.  The bladder was normal.  Rectal exam was normal at the end of the colpocleisis repair.  There was good hemostasis., ,At the end of the procedure, Foley was removed and the patient was brought to recovery in a stable condition.
Completion Thyroidectomy 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Completion thyroidectomy with limited right paratracheal node dissection.

TITLE OF OPERATION:,  Completion thyroidectomy with limited right paratracheal node dissection.,INDICATION FOR SURGERY:,  A 49-year-old woman with a history of a left dominant nodule in her thyroid gland, who subsequently underwent left thyroid lobectomy and isthmusectomy, was found to have multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma throughout her left thyroid lobe and isthmus.  Consideration given to completion thyroidectomy.  Risks, benefits, and alternatives of this procedure was discussed with the patient in great detail.  Risks included but were not limited to anesthesia, bleeding, infection, injury to nerves including vocal fold paralysis, hoarseness, low calcium, scar, cosmetic deformity, need for thyroid hormone replacement, and also need for further management.  The patient understood all of this and then wished to proceed.,PREOP DIAGNOSIS:,  Multifocal thyroid carcinoma and previous left thyroid lobectomy resection specimen.,POSTOP DIAGNOSIS: , Multifocal thyroid carcinoma and previous left thyroid lobectomy resection specimen.,PROCEDURE DETAIL:,  After identifying the patient, the patient was placed supine in the operating room table.  After establishment of general anesthesia via orotracheal intubation with a number 6 nerve integrity monitoring system endotracheal tube, the eyes were protected with Tegaderm.  Nerve integrity monitoring system endotracheal tube was confirmed to be working adequately and secured.  The previous skin incision for a thyroidectomy was then planned, then incorporated into an ellipse.  The patient was prepped and draped in a sterile fashion.  Subsequently, the ellipse around the previous incision was deformed.  The scar was then excised.  Subplatysmal flaps were raised to the thyroid notch and sternal notch respectively.  Strap muscles were isolated in the midline and dissected and mobilized from the thyroid lobe on the right side.  There was some dense fibrosis and inflammation surrounding the right thyroid lobe.  Careful dissection along the thyroid lobe allowed for identification of the superior thyroid artery and vein which were individually ligated with a Harmonic scalpel.  The right inferior and superior parathyroid glands were identified and preserved and recurrent laryngeal nerve was identified and traced superiorly, then preserved.  Of note is that there were multiple lymph nodes in the paratracheal region on the right side.  These lymph nodes were carefully dissected away from the recurrent laryngeal nerve, trachea, and the carotid artery, and sent as a separate specimen labeled right paratracheal lymph nodes.  The wound was copiously irrigated.  Valsalva maneuver was given.  Surgicel was placed in the wound bed.  Strap muscles were reapproximated in the midline with 3-0 Vicryl and incision was then closed with interrupted 3-0 Vicryl and Indermil for the skin.  The patient was extubated in the operating room table, sent to the postanesthesia care unit in good condition.
Colonoscopy With Photos 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Colonoscopy with photos.  The patient is an 85-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital with a markedly decreased hemoglobin and blood loss anemia.  She underwent an EGD and attempted colonoscopy; however, due to a very poor prep, only a flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed at that time.  A coloscopy is now being performed for completion.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Blood loss anemia.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Diverticulosis coli.,2.  Internal hemorrhoids.,3.  Poor prep.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,  Colonoscopy with photos.,ANESTHESIA: , Conscious sedation per Anesthesia.,SPECIMENS:,  None.,HISTORY:,  The patient is an 85-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital with a markedly decreased hemoglobin and blood loss anemia.  She underwent an EGD and attempted colonoscopy; however, due to a very poor prep, only a flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed at that time.  A coloscopy is now being performed for completion.,PROCEDURE:,  After proper informed consent was obtained, the patient was brought to the Endoscopy Suite.  She was placed in the left lateral position and was given sedation by the Anesthesia Department.  A digital rectal exam was performed and there was no evidence of mass.  The colonoscope was then inserted into the rectum.  There was some solid stool encountered.  The scope was maneuvered around this.  There was relatively poor prep as the scope was advanced through the sigmoid colon and portions of the descending colon.  The scope was then passed through the transverse colon and ascending colon to the cecum.  No masses or polyps were noted.  Visualization of the portions of the colon was however somewhat limited.  There were scattered diverticuli noted in the sigmoid.,The scope was slowly withdrawn carefully examining all walls.  Once in the rectum, the scope was retroflexed and nonsurgical internal hemorrhoids were noted.  The scope was then completely withdrawn.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was transferred to recovery room in stable condition.  She will be placed on a high-fiber diet and Colace and we will continue to monitor her hemoglobin.
Colonoscopy with Biopsy 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 A woman referred for colonoscopy secondary to heme-positive stools.  Procedure done to rule out generalized diverticular change, colitis, and neoplasia.

INDICATIONS FOR PROCEDURE: , A 79-year-old Filipino woman referred for colonoscopy secondary to heme-positive stools.  Procedure done to rule out generalized diverticular change, colitis, and neoplasia.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , The patient was explained the procedure in detail, possible complications including infection, perforation, adverse reaction of medication, and bleeding.  Informed consent was signed by the patient.,With the patient in left decubitus position, had received a cumulative dose of 4 mg of Versed and 75 mg of Demerol, using Olympus video colonoscope under direct visualization was advanced to the cecum.  Photodocumentation of appendiceal orifice and the ileocecal valve obtained.  Cecum was slightly obscured with stool but the colon itself was adequately prepped.  There was no evidence of overt colitis, telangiectasia, or overt neoplasia.  There was moderately severe diverticular change, which was present throughout the colon and photodocumented.  The rectal mucosa was normal and retroflexed with mild internal hemorrhoids.  The patient tolerated the procedure well without any complications.,IMPRESSION:,1.  Colonoscopy to the cecum with adequate preparation.,2.  Long tortuous spastic colon.,3.  Moderately severe diverticular changes present throughout.,4.  Mild internal hemorrhoids.,RECOMMENDATIONS:,1.  Clear liquid diet today.,2.  Follow up with primary care physician as scheduled from time to time.,3.  Increase fiber in diet, strongly consider fiber supplementation.
Colonoscopy with Biopsy - 2 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 Small internal hemorrhoids and Ileal colonic anastomosis.

PROCEDURE PERFORMED: , Colonoscopy and biopsy.,INDICATIONS:,  The patient is a 50-year-old female who has had a history of a nonspecific colitis, who was admitted 3 months ago at Hospital because of severe right-sided abdominal pains, was found to have multiple ulcers within the right colon, and was then readmitted approximately 2 weeks later because of a cecal volvulus, and had a right hemicolectomy.  Since then, she has had persistent right abdominal pains, as well as diarrhea, with up to 2-4 bowel movements per day.  She has had problems with recurrent seizures and has been seen by Dr. XYZ, who started her recently on methadone.,MEDICATIONS: , Fentanyl 200 mcg, Versed 10 mg, Phenergan 25 mg intravenously given throughout the procedure.,INSTRUMENT: , PCF-160L.,PROCEDURE REPORT: , Informed consent was obtained from the patient, after the risks and benefits of the procedure were carefully explained, which included but were not limited to bleeding, infection, perforation, and allergic reaction to the medications, as well as the possibility of missing polyps within the colon.,A colonoscope was then passed through the rectum, all the way toward the ileal colonic anastomosis, seen within the proximal transverse colon.  The distal ileum was examined, which was normal in appearance.  Random biopsies were obtained from the ileum and placed in jar #1.  Random biopsies were obtained from the normal-appearing colon and placed in jar #2.  Small internal hemorrhoids were noted within the rectum on retroflexion.,COMPLICATIONS: , None.,ASSESSMENT:,1.  Small internal hemorrhoids.,2.  Ileal colonic anastomosis seen in the proximal transverse colon.,3.  Otherwise normal colonoscopy and ileum examination.,PLAN:, Followup results of biopsies.  If the biopsies are unremarkable, the patient may benefit from a trial of tricyclic antidepressants, if it's okay with Dr. XYZ, for treatment of her chronic abdominal pains.
Colonoscopy with Biopsy - 1 
Medical specialty:  Surgery
 The patient with a recent change in bowel function and hematochezia.

PREPROCEDURE DIAGNOSIS:,  Change in bowel function.,POSTPROCEDURE DIAGNOSIS:,  Proctosigmoiditis.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,  Colonoscopy with biopsy.,ANESTHESIA: , IV sedation.,POSTPROCEDURE CONDITION: , Stable.  ,INDICATIONS:,  The patient is a 33-year-old with a recent change in bowel function and hematochezia.  He is here for colonoscopy.  He understands the risks and wishes to proceed.  ,PROCEDURE: , The patient was brought to the endoscopy suite where he was placed in left lateral Sims position, underwent IV sedation.  Digital rectal examination was performed, which showed no masses, and a boggy prostate.  The colonoscope was placed in the rectum and advanced, under direct vision, to the cecum.  In the rectum and sigmoid, there were ulcerations, edema, mucosal abnormalities, and loss of vascular pattern consistent with proctosigmoiditis.  Multiple random biopsies were taken of the left and right colon to see if this was in fact pan colitis.,RECOMMENDATIONS: , Follow up with me in 2 weeks and we will begin Canasa suppositories.