harishnair04/mtsamples huggingface dataset:
Elevated PSA - Chart Note 
Medical specialty:  Urology
 Elevated PSA with nocturia and occasional daytime frequency.

REASON FOR VISIT:  ,Elevated PSA with nocturia and occasional daytime frequency.,HISTORY: , A 68-year-old male with a history of frequency and some outlet obstructive issues along with irritative issues.  The patient has had history of an elevated PSA and PSA in 2004 was 5.5.  In 2003, he had undergone a biopsy by Dr. X, which was negative for adenocarcinoma of the prostate.  The patient has had PSAs as high as noted above.  His PSAs have been as low as 1.6, but those were on Proscar.  He otherwise appears to be doing reasonably well, off the Proscar, otherwise does have some irritative symptoms.  This has been ongoing for greater than five years.  No other associated symptoms or modifying factors.  Severity is moderate.  PSA relatively stable over time.,IMPRESSION: , Stable PSA over time, although he does have some irritative symptoms.  After our discussion, it does appear that if he is not drinking close to going to bed, he notes that his nocturia has significantly decreased.  At this juncture what I would like to do is to start with behavior modification.  There were no other associated symptoms or modifying factors.,PLAN: , The patient will discontinue all caffeinated and carbonated beverages and any fluids three hours prior to going to bed.  He already knows that this does decrease his nocturia.  He will do this without medications to see how well he does and hopefully he may need no other additional medications other than may be changing his alpha-blocker to something of more efficacious.
Electrofulguration - Bladder Tumor 
Medical specialty:  Urology
 Cystoscopy, TUR, and electrofulguration of recurrent bladder tumors.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Recurrent bladder tumors.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  Recurrent bladder tumors.,OPERATION: , Cystoscopy, TUR, and electrofulguration of recurrent bladder tumors.,ANESTHESIA:,  General.,INDICATIONS: , A 79-year-old woman with recurrent bladder tumors of the bladder neck.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:  ,The patient was brought to the operating room, prepped and draped in lithotomy position under satisfactory general anesthesia.  A #21-French cystourethroscope was inserted into the bladder.  Examination of the bladder showed approximately a 3-cm area of erythema and recurrent papillomatosis just above and lateral to the left ureteral orifice.  No other lesions were noted.  Using a cold punch biopsy forceps, a random biopsy was obtained.  The entire area was electrofulgurated using the Bugbee electrode.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and left the operating room in satisfactory condition.
Cystourethroscopy & Urethral Dilation 
Medical specialty:  Urology
 Cystourethroscopy, urethral dilation, and bladder biopsy and fulguration.  Urinary hesitancy and weak stream, urethral narrowing, mild posterior wall erythema.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:  ,Urinary hesitancy and weak stream.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Urinary hesitancy and weak stream.,2.  Urethral narrowing.,3.  Mild posterior wall erythema.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,1.  Cystourethroscopy.,2.  Urethral dilation.,3.  Bladder biopsy and fulguration.,ANESTHESIA:  ,General.,SPECIMEN:  ,Urine culture sensitivity and cytology and bladder biopsy x1.,DISPOSITION: , To PACU in stable condition.,INDICATIONS AND FINDINGS:  ,This is a 76-year-old female with history of weak stream and history of intermittent catheterization secondary to hypotonic bladder in the past, last cystoscopy approximately two years ago.,FINDINGS AT TIME OF SURGERY:,  Cystourethroscopy revealed some mild narrowing of the urethra, which was easily dilated to #23 French.  A midureteral polyp was noted.  Cystoscopy revealed multiple cellules and mild trabeculation of the bladder.  Posterior wall revealed some mild erythema with some distorted architecture of the bladder mucosa.  No obvious raised bladder tumor was noted.  No foreign bodies were noted.  The ureteral orifices were noted on the trigone just proximal to the bladder neck.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , After informed consent was obtained, the patient was moved to the operating room, general anesthesia was induced by the Department of Anesthesia.  The patient was prepped and draped in normal sterile fashion and urethral sounds used to dilate the urethra to accommodate #23 French cystoscope.  Cystoscopy was performed in its entirety with the above findings.  The small area of erythema on the posterior wall was biopsied using a flexible biopsy forceps and Bovie cautery was used to cauterize and fulgurate this area.  The bladder was drained, cystoscope was removed, scope was reinserted and bladder was again reexamined.  No evidence of active bleeding noted.  The bladder was drained, cystoscope was removed, and the patient was cleaned and sent to recovery room in stable condition to followup with Dr. X in two weeks.  She is given prescription for Levaquin and Pyridium and given discharge instructions.
Cystourethroscopy & TURP - 1 
Medical specialty:  Urology
 Cystourethroscopy and tTransurethral resection of prostate (TURP).  Urinary retention and benign prostate hypertrophy.  This is a 62-year-old male with a history of urinary retention and progressive obstructive voiding symptoms and enlarged prostate 60 g on ultrasound, office cystoscopy confirmed this.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Urinary retention.,2.  Benign prostate hypertrophy.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Urinary retention.,2.  Benign prostate hypertrophy.,PROCEDURES PERFORMED:,1.  Cystourethroscopy.,2.  Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP).,ANESTHESIA:,  Spinal.,RESECTION TIME:,  Less than one hour.,INDICATION FOR PROCEDURE:  ,This is a 62-year-old male with a history of urinary retention and progressive obstructive voiding symptoms and enlarged prostate 60 g on ultrasound, office cystoscopy confirmed this.,PROCEDURE:  PROCEDURE: , Informed written consent was obtained.  The patient was taken to the operative suite, administered spinal anesthetic and placed in dorsal lithotomy position.  She was sterilely prepped and draped in normal fashion.  A #27-French resectoscope was inserted utilizing the visual obturator blanching the bladder.  The bladder was visualized in all quadrants, no bladder tumors or stones were noted.  Ureteral orifices were visualized and did appear to be near the enlarged median lobe.  Prostate showed trilobar prostatic enlargement.  There were some cellules and tuberculations noted.  The visual obturator was removed.  The resectoscope was then inserted utilizing the #26 French resectoscope loop.  Resection was performed initiating at the bladder neck and at the median lobe.,This was taken down to the circular capsular fibers.  Attention was then turned to the left lateral lobe and this was resected from 12 o'clock to 3 o'clock down to the capsular fibers maintaining hemostasis along the way and taking care not to resect beyond the level of the verumontanum.  Ureteral orifices were kept out of harm's way throughout the case.  Resection was then performed from the 3 o'clock position to the 6 o'clock position in similar fashion.  Attention was then turned to the right lateral lobe and this was resected again in a similar fashion maintaining hemostasis along the way.  The resectoscope was then moved to the level of the proximal external sphincter and trimming of the apex was performed.  Open prostatic fossa was noted.  All chips were evacuated via Ellik evacuator and #24 French three-way Foley catheter was inserted and irrigated.  Clear return was noted.  The patient was then hooked up to better irrigation.  The patient was cleaned, reversed for anesthetic, and transferred to recovery room in stable condition.,PLAN:  ,We will admit with antibiotics, pain control, and bladder irrigation possible void trial in the morning.
Erectile Dysfunction - Followup 
Medical specialty:  Urology
 Some improvement of erectile dysfunction, on low dose of Cialis, with no side effects.  

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: , The patient presents today for followup, history of erectile dysfunction, last visit started on Cialis 10 mg.  He indicates that he has noticed some mild improvement of his symptoms, with no side effect.  On this dose, he is having firm erection, able to penetrate, lasting for about 10 or so minutes.  No chest pain, no nitroglycerin usage, no fever, no chills.  No dysuria, gross hematuria, fever, chills.  Daytime frequency every three hours, nocturia times 0, good stream.  He does have a history of elevated PSA and biopsy June of this year was noted for high grade PIN, mid left biopsy, with two specimens being too small to evaluate.  PSA 11.6.  Dr. X's notes are reviewed.,IMPRESSION:  ,1.  Some improvement of erectile dysfunction, on low dose of Cialis, with no side effects.  The patient has multiple risk factors, but denies using any nitroglycerin or any cardiac issues at this time.  We reviewed options of increasing the medication, versus trying other medications, options of penile prosthesis, Caverject injection use as well as working pump is reviewed.,2.  Elevated PSA in a patient with a recent biopsy showing high-grade PIN, as well as two specimens not being large enough to evaluate.  The patient tells me he has met with his primary care physician and after discussion, he is in consideration of repeating a prostate ultrasound and biopsy.  However, he would like to meet with Dr. X to discuss these prior to biopsy.,PLAN: , Following detailed discussion, the patient wishes to proceed with Cialis 20 mg, samples are provided as well as Levitra 10 mg, may increase this to 20 mg and understand administration of each and contraindication as well as potential side effects are reviewed.  The patient not to use them at the same time.  Will call if any other concern.  In the meantime, he is scheduled to meet with Dr. X, with a prior PSA in consideration of a possible repeating prostate ultrasound and biopsy.  He declined scheduling this at this time.  All questions answered.
Discharge Summary - Urology 
Medical specialty:  Urology
 Discharge Summary of a patient with hematuria, benign prostatic hyperplasia, complex renal cyst versus renal cell carcinoma, and osteoarthritis.

ADMITTING DIAGNOSES:,1. Hematuria.,2. Benign prostatic hyperplasia.,3. Osteoarthritis.,DISCHARGE DIAGNOSES:,1. Hematuria, resolved.,2. Benign prostatic hyperplasia.,3. Complex renal cyst versus renal cell carcinoma or other tumor.,4. Osteoarthritis.,HOSPITAL COURSE:, This is a 77-year-old African-American male who was previously well until he began having gross hematuria and clots passing through his urethra on the day of admission. He stated that he never had blood in his urine before, however, he does have a past history of BPH and he had a transurethral resection of prostate more than 10 years ago. He was admitted to a regular bed. Dr. G of Urology was consulted for evaluation of his hematuria. During the workup for this, he had a CT of the abdomen and pelvis with and without contrast with early and late-phase imaging for evaluation of the kidneys and collecting system. At that time, he was shown to have multiple bilateral renal cysts with one that did not meet classification as a simple cyst and ultrasound was recommended.,He had an ultrasound done of the cyst which showed a 2.1 x 2.7 cm mass arising from the right kidney which, again, did not fit ultrasound criteria for a simple cyst and they recommended further evaluation by an MRI as this could be a hemorrhagic cyst or a solid mass or tumor, so an MRI was scheduled on the day of discharge for further evaluation of this. The report was not back at discharge. The patient had a cystoscopy and transurethral resection of prostate as well with entire resection of the prostate gland. Pathology on this specimen showed multiple portions of prostatic tissue which was primarily fibromuscular, and he was diagnosed with nonprostatic hyperplasia. His urine slowly cleared. He tolerated a regular diet with no difficulties in his activities of daily living, and his Foley was removed on the day of discharge.,He was started on ciprofloxacin, Colace, and Lasix after the transurethral resection and continued these for a short course. He is asked to continue the Colace as an outpatient for stool softening for comfort.,DISCHARGE MEDICATIONS:, Colace 100 mg 1 b.i.d.,DISCHARGE FOLLOWUP PLANNING:, The patient is to follow up with his primary care physician at ABCD, Dr. B or Dr. J, the patient is unsure of which, in the next couple weeks. He is to follow up with Dr. G of  Urology in the next week by phone in regards to the patient's MRI and plans for a laparoscopic partial renal resection biopsy. This is scheduled for the week after discharge potentially by Dr. G, and the patient will discuss the exact time later this week. The patient is to return to the emergency room or to our clinic if he has worsening hematuria again or no urine output.
Cystourethroscopy & Retrograde Pyelogram 
Medical specialty:  Urology
 Cystourethroscopy, bilateral retrograde pyelogram, and transurethral resection of bladder tumor of 1.5 cm in size.  Recurrent bladder tumor and history of bladder carcinoma.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Recurrent bladder tumor.,2.  History of bladder carcinoma.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,
Cystoscopy 
Medical specialty:  Urology
 Cystoscopy under anesthesia, bilateral HIT/STING with Deflux under general anesthetic.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Bilateral vesicoureteral reflux with right reflux nephropathy after Deflux injection.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Bilateral vesicoureteral reflux with right reflux nephropathy after Deflux injection.,PROCEDURE:,  Cystoscopy under anesthesia, bilateral HIT/STING with Deflux under general anesthetic.,ANESTHESIA: , General inhalational anesthetic.,FLUIDS RECEIVED: , 250 mL crystalloids.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:,  Less than 5 mL.,SPECIMENS:,  Urine sent for culture.,ABNORMAL FINDINGS:  ,Gaping ureteral orifices, right greater than left, with Deflux not in or near the ureteral orifices.  Right ureteral orifice was HIT with 1.5 mL of Deflux and left with 1.2 mL of Deflux.,HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS:  ,The patient is a 4-1/2-year-old boy with history of reflux nephropathy and voiding and bowel dysfunction.  He has had a STING procedure performed but continues to have reflux bilaterally.  Plan is for another injection.,DESCRIPTION OF OPERATION:  ,The patient was taken to the operating room where surgical consent, operative site, and patient identification were verified.  Once he was anesthetized, IV antibiotics were given.  He was then placed in a lithotomy position with adequate padding of his arms and legs.  His urethra was calibrated to 12-French with a bougie a boule.  A 9.5-French cystoscope was used and the offset system was then used.  His urethra was normal without valves or strictures.  His bladder was fairly normal with minimal trabeculations but no cystitis noted.  Upon evaluation, the patient's right ureteral orifice was found to be remarkably gaping and the Deflux that was present was not in or near ureteral orifice but it was inferior to it below the trigone.  This was similarly found on the left side where the Deflux was not close to the orifice as well.  It was slightly more difficult because of the amount impacted upon our angle for injection.  We were able to ultimately get the Deflux to go ahead with HIT technique on the right into the ureter itself to inject a total of 1.5 mL to include the HIT technique as well as the ureteral orifice itself on the right and left sides and some on the uppermost aspect.  Once we injected this, we ran the irrigant over the orifice and it no longer fluttered and there was no bleeding.  Similar procedure was done on the left.  This was actually more difficult as the Deflux injection from before displaced the ureter slightly more laterally but again HIT technique was performed.  There was some mild bleeding and Deflux was used to stop this as well and again no evidence of fluttering of the ureteral orifice after injection.  At the end of the procedure, the irrigant was drained and 2% lidocaine jelly was instilled in the urethra.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was in stable condition upon transfer to Recovery.  A low-dose of IV Toradol was given at the end of the procedure as well.
Cystourethroscopy & TURP 
Medical specialty:  Urology
 Benign prostatic hypertrophy and urinary retention.  Cystourethroscopy and transurethral resection of prostate (TURP).

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Benign prostatic hypertrophy.,2.  Urinary retention.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSES:,1.  Benign prostatic hypertrophy.,2.  Urinary retention.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,1.  Cystourethroscopy.,2.  Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP).,ANESTHESIA:  ,Spinal.,DRAIN: , A #24 French three-way Foley catheter.,SPECIMENS: , Prostatic resection chips.,ESTIMATED BLOOD LOSS:  ,150 cc.,DISPOSITION:  ,The patient was transferred to the PACU in stable condition.,INDICATIONS AND FINDINGS:  ,This is an 84-year-old male with history of BPH and subsequent urinary retention with failure of trial of void, scheduled for elective TURP procedure.,FINDINGS: , At the time of surgery, cystourethroscopy revealed trilobar enlargement of the prostate with prostatic varices of the median lobe.  Cystoscopy showed a few cellules of the bladder with no obvious bladder tumors noted.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE: , After informed consent was obtained, the patient was moved to operating room and spinal anesthesia was induced by the Department of Anesthesia.  The patient was prepped and draped in the normal sterile fashion and a #21 French cystoscope inserted into urethra and into the bladder.  Cystoscopy performed with the above findings.  Cystoscope was removed.  A #27 French resectoscope with a #26 cutting loop was inserted into the bladder.  Verumontanum was identified as a landmark and systematic transurethral resection of the prostate tissue was undertaken in an circumferential fashion with good resection of tissue completed.  ________ irrigator was used to evacuate the bladder of prostatic chips.  Resectoscope was then inserted and any residual chips were removed in piecemeal fashion with a resectoscope loop.  Any obvious bleeding from the prostatic fossa was controlled with electrocautery.  Resectoscope was removed.  A #24 French three-way Foley catheter inserted into the urethra and into the bladder.  Bladder was irrigated and connected to three-way irrigation.  The patient was cleaned and sent to recovery in stable condition to be admitted overnight for continuous bladder irrigation and postop monitoring.
Cystopyelogram - 1 
Medical specialty:  Urology
 Cystopyelogram, clot evacuation, transurethral resection of the bladder tumor x2 on the dome and on the left wall of the bladder.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , Gross hematuria.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:  ,Gross hematuria.,OPERATIONS:  ,Cystopyelogram, clot evacuation, transurethral resection of the bladder tumor x2 on the dome and on the left wall of the bladder.,ANESTHESIA: , Spinal.,FINDINGS:  ,Significant amount of bladder clots measuring about 150 to 200 mL, two cupful of clots were removed.  There was papillary tumor on the left wall right at the bladder neck and one on the right dome near the bladder neck on the right side.  The right ureteral opening was difficult to visualize, the left one was normal.,BRIEF HISTORY: , The patient is a 78-year-old male with history of gross hematuria and recurrent UTIs.  The patient had hematuria.  Cystoscopy revealed atypical biopsy.  The patient came in again with gross hematuria.  The first biopsy was done about a month ago.  The patient was to come back and have repeat biopsies done, but before that came into the hospital with gross hematuria.  The options of watchful waiting, removal of the clots and biopsies were discussed.  Risk of anesthesia, bleeding, infection, pain, MI, DVT and PE were discussed.  Morbidity and mortality of the procedure were discussed.  Consent was obtained from the daughter-in-law who has the power of attorney in Florida.,DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE:  ,The patient was brought to the OR.  Anesthesia was applied.  The patient was placed in the dorsal lithotomy position.  The patient was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion.  The patient had been off of the Coumadin for about 4 days and INR had been reversed.  The patient has significant amount of clot upon entering the bladder.  There was a tight bladder neck contracture.  The prostate was not enlarged.  Using ACMI 24-French sheath, using Ellick irrigation about 2 cupful of clots were removed.  It took about half an hour to just remove the clots.  After removing the clots, using 24-French cutting loop resectoscope, tumor on the left upper wall near the dome or near the 2 o'clock position was resected.  This was lateral to the left ureteral opening.  The base was coagulated for hemostasis.  Same thing was done at 10 o'clock on the right side where there was some tumor that was visualized.  The back wall and the rest of the bladder appeared normal.  Using 8-French cone-tip catheter, left-sided pyelogram was normal.  The right-sided pyelogram was very difficult to obtain and there was some mucosal irritation from the clots.  The contrast did go up to what appeared to be the right ureteral opening, but the mucosa seemed to be very much irritated and it was very difficult to actually visualize the opening.  A little bit of contrast went out, but the force was not made just to avoid any secondary stricture formation.  The patient did have CT with contrast, which showed that the kidneys were normal.  At this time, a #24 three-way irrigation was started.  The patient was brought to Recovery room in stable condition.
Cystoscopy & Bladder Biopsy 
Medical specialty:  Urology
 Cystoscopy and Bladder biopsy with fulguration.   History of bladder tumor with abnormal cytology and areas of erythema.

PREOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS:,  History of bladder tumor with abnormal cytology and areas of erythema.,POSTOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS: , History of bladder tumor with abnormal cytology and areas of erythema.,PROCEDURE PERFORMED:,1.  Cystoscopy.,2.  Bladder biopsy with fulguration.,ANESTHESIA: , IV sedation with local.,SPECIMEN: , Urine cytology and right lateral wall biopsies.,PROCEDURE:,  After the consent was obtained, the patient was brought to the operating room and given IV sedation.  He was then placed in dorsal lithotomy position and prepped and draped in standard fashion.  A #21 French cystoscope was then used to visualized the entire urethra and bladder.  There was noted to be a narrowing of the proximal urethra, however, the scope was able to pass through.  The patient was noted to have a previously resected prostate.  On visualization of the bladder, the patient did have areas of erythema on the right as well as the left lateral walls, more significant on the right side.  The patient did have increased vascularity throughout the bladder.  The ________ two biopsies of the right lateral wall and those were sent for pathology.  The Bovie cautery was then used to cauterize the entire area of the biopsy as well as surrounding erythema.  Bovie was also utilized to cauterize the areas of erythema on the left lateral wall.  No further bleeding was identified.  The bladder was drained and the cystoscope was removed.  The patient tolerated the procedure well and was transferred to the recovery room.,He will have his defibrillator restarted and will followup with Dr. X in approximately two weeks for the result.  He will be discharged home with antibiotics as well as pain medications.  He is to restart his Coumadin not before Sunday.