CVE-2024-26944 (2024)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

btrfs: zoned: fix use-after-free in do_zone_finish()

Shinichiro reported the following use-after-free triggered by the device
replace operation in fstests btrfs/070.

 BTRFS info (device nullb1): scrub: finished on devid 1 with status: 0
 ==================================================================
 BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in do_zone_finish+0x91a/0xb90 [btrfs]
 Read of size 8 at addr ffff8881543c8060 by task btrfs-cleaner/3494007

 CPU: 0 PID: 3494007 Comm: btrfs-cleaner Tainted: G        W          6.8.0-rc5-kts #1
 Hardware name: Supermicro Super Server/X11SPi-TF, BIOS 3.3 02/21/2020
 Call Trace:
  <TASK>
  dump_stack_lvl+0x5b/0x90
  print_report+0xcf/0x670
  ? __virt_addr_valid+0x200/0x3e0
  kasan_report+0xd8/0x110
  ? do_zone_finish+0x91a/0xb90 [btrfs]
  ? do_zone_finish+0x91a/0xb90 [btrfs]
  do_zone_finish+0x91a/0xb90 [btrfs]
  btrfs_delete_unused_bgs+0x5e1/0x1750 [btrfs]
  ? __pfx_btrfs_delete_unused_bgs+0x10/0x10 [btrfs]
  ? btrfs_put_root+0x2d/0x220 [btrfs]
  ? btrfs_clean_one_deleted_snapshot+0x299/0x430 [btrfs]
  cleaner_kthread+0x21e/0x380 [btrfs]
  ? __pfx_cleaner_kthread+0x10/0x10 [btrfs]
  kthread+0x2e3/0x3c0
  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
  ret_from_fork+0x31/0x70
  ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
  ret_from_fork_asm+0x1b/0x30
  </TASK>

 Allocated by task 3493983:
  kasan_save_stack+0x33/0x60
  kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30
  __kasan_kmalloc+0xaa/0xb0
  btrfs_alloc_device+0xb3/0x4e0 [btrfs]
  device_list_add.constprop.0+0x993/0x1630 [btrfs]
  btrfs_scan_one_device+0x219/0x3d0 [btrfs]
  btrfs_control_ioctl+0x26e/0x310 [btrfs]
  __x64_sys_ioctl+0x134/0x1b0
  do_syscall_64+0x99/0x190
  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0x76

 Freed by task 3494056:
  kasan_save_stack+0x33/0x60
  kasan_save_track+0x14/0x30
  kasan_save_free_info+0x3f/0x60
  poison_slab_object+0x102/0x170
  __kasan_slab_free+0x32/0x70
  kfree+0x11b/0x320
  btrfs_rm_dev_replace_free_srcdev+0xca/0x280 [btrfs]
  btrfs_dev_replace_finishing+0xd7e/0x14f0 [btrfs]
  btrfs_dev_replace_by_ioctl+0x1286/0x25a0 [btrfs]
  btrfs_ioctl+0xb27/0x57d0 [btrfs]
  __x64_sys_ioctl+0x134/0x1b0
  do_syscall_64+0x99/0x190
  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x6e/0x76

 The buggy address belongs to the object at ffff8881543c8000
  which belongs to the cache kmalloc-1k of size 1024
 The buggy address is located 96 bytes inside of
  freed 1024-byte region [ffff8881543c8000, ffff8881543c8400)

 The buggy address belongs to the physical page:
 page:00000000fe2c1285 refcount:1 mapcount:0 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x0 pfn:0x1543c8
 head:00000000fe2c1285 order:3 entire_mapcount:0 nr_pages_mapped:0 pincount:0
 flags: 0x17ffffc0000840(slab|head|node=0|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x1fffff)
 page_type: 0xffffffff()
 raw: 0017ffffc0000840 ffff888100042dc0 ffffea0019e8f200 dead000000000002
 raw: 0000000000000000 0000000000100010 00000001ffffffff 0000000000000000
 page dumped because: kasan: bad access detected

 Memory state around the buggy address:
  ffff8881543c7f00: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
  ffff8881543c7f80: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
 >ffff8881543c8000: fa fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
                                                        ^
  ffff8881543c8080: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb
  ffff8881543c8100: fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb fb

This UAF happens because we're accessing stale zone information of a
already removed btrfs_device in do_zone_finish().

The sequence of events is as follows:

btrfs_dev_replace_start
  btrfs_scrub_dev
   btrfs_dev_replace_finishing
    btrfs_dev_replace_update_device_in_mapping_tree <-- devices replaced
    btrfs_rm_dev_replace_free_srcdev
     btrfs_free_device                              <-- device freed

cleaner_kthread
 btrfs_delete_unused_bgs
  btrfs_zone_finish
   do_zone_finish              <-- refers the freed device

The reason for this is that we're using a
---truncated---
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H