harinpurumandla/cve-severity-dataset huggingface dataset:
CVE-2025-20188 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Out-of-Band Access Point (AP) Image Download, the Clean Air Spectral Recording, and the client debug bundles features of Cisco IOS XE Software for Wireless LAN Controllers (WLCs) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to upload arbitrary files to an affected system.
 This vulnerability is due to the presence of a hard-coded JSON Web Token (JWT) on an affected system.  An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTPS requests to the AP file upload interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to upload files, perform path traversal, and execute arbitrary commands with root privileges.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVE-2025-20189 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Cisco Express Forwarding functionality of Cisco IOS XE Software for Cisco ASR 903 Aggregation Services Routers with Route Switch Processor 3 (RSP3C) could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to trigger a denial of service (DoS) condition.
 This vulnerability is due to improper memory management when Cisco IOS XE Software is processing Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) messages. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted ARP messages at a high rate over a period of time to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to exhaust system resources, which eventually triggers a reload of the active route switch processor (RSP). If a redundant RSP is not present, the router reloads.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVE-2025-2019 (2025)
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt VC6 File Parsing Heap-based Buffer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of VC6 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of the length of user-supplied data prior to copying it to a heap-based buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25252.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVE-2025-20190 (2025)
A vulnerability in the lobby ambassador web interface of Cisco IOS XE Wireless Controller Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to remove arbitrary users that are defined on an affected device.
 This vulnerability is due to insufficient access control of actions executed by lobby ambassador users. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by logging in to an affected device with a lobby ambassador user account and sending crafted HTTP requests to the API. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to delete arbitrary user accounts on the device, including users with administrative privileges.
 Note: This vulnerability is exploitable only if the attacker obtains the credentials for a lobby ambassador account. This account is not configured by default.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
CVE-2025-20191 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Switch Integrated Security Features (SISF) of Cisco IOS Software, Cisco IOS XE Software, Cisco NX-OS Software, and Cisco Wireless LAN Controller (WLC) AireOS Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device.

This vulnerability is due to the incorrect handling of DHCPv6 packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted DHCPv6 packet to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload, resulting in a DoS condition.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVE-2025-20192 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Internet Key Exchange version 1 (IKEv1) implementation of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition. The attacker must have valid IKEv1 VPN credentials to exploit this vulnerability.
 This vulnerability is due to improper validation of IKEv1 phase 2 parameters before the IPsec security association creation request is handed off to the hardware cryptographic accelerator of an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted IKEv1 messages to the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVE-2025-20193 (2025)
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, low-privileged, remote attacker to perform an injection attack against an affected device.r
 This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted input to the web-based management interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read files from the underlying operating system.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CVE-2025-20194 (2025)
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, low-privileged, remote attacker to perform an injection attack against an affected device.

 This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted input to the web-based management interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read limited files from the underlying operating system or clear the syslog and licensing logs on the affected device.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20195 (2025)
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to perform a CSRF attack and execute commands on the CLI of an affected device.

 This vulnerability is due to insufficient CSRF protections for the web-based management interface of an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading an already authenticated user to follow a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to clear the syslog, parser, and licensing logs on the affected device if the targeted user has privileges to clear those logs.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20196 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Cisco IOx application hosting environment of Cisco IOS Software and Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause the Cisco IOx application hosting environment to stop responding, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition.
 This vulnerability is due to the improper handling of HTTP requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTP requests to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the Cisco IOx application hosting environment to stop responding. The IOx process will need to be manually restarted to recover services.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
CVE-2025-20197 (2025)
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker with privilege level 15 to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device.
 This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation when processing specific configuration commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by including crafted input in specific configuration commands. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device. The security impact rating (SIR) of this advisory has been raised to High because an attacker could gain access to the underlying operating system of the affected device and perform potentially undetected actions.
 Note: The attacker must have privileges to enter configuration mode on the affected device. This is usually referred to as privilege level 15.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N
CVE-2025-20198 (2025)
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker with privilege level 15 to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device.
 This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation when processing specific configuration commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by including crafted input in specific configuration commands. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device. The security impact rating (SIR) of this advisory has been raised to High because an attacker could gain access to the underlying operating system of the affected device and perform potentially undetected actions.
 Note: The attacker must have privileges to enter configuration mode on the affected device. This is usually referred to as privilege level 15.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20199 (2025)
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker with privilege level 15 to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device.
 This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation when processing specific configuration commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by including crafted input in specific configuration commands. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device. The security impact rating (SIR) of this advisory has been raised to High because an attacker could gain access to the underlying operating system of the affected device and perform potentially undetected actions.
 Note: The attacker must have privileges to enter configuration mode on the affected device. This is usually referred to as privilege level 15.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-2020 (2025)
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt VC6 File Parsing Out-Of-Bounds Write Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of VC6 files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a write past the end of an allocated buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25254.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVE-2025-20200 (2025)
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker with privilege level 15 to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device.
 This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation when processing specific configuration commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by including crafted input in specific configuration commands. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device. The security impact rating (SIR) of this advisory has been raised to High because an attacker could gain access to the underlying operating system of the affected device and perform potentially undetected actions.
 Note: The attacker must have privileges to enter configuration mode on the affected device. This is usually referred to as privilege level 15.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N
CVE-2025-20201 (2025)
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker with privilege level 15 to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device.
 This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation when processing specific configuration commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by including crafted input in specific configuration commands. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to elevate privileges to root on the underlying operating system of an affected device. The security impact rating (SIR) of this advisory has been raised to High because an attacker could gain access to the underlying operating system of the affected device and perform potentially undetected actions.
 Note: The attacker must have privileges to enter configuration mode on the affected device. This is usually referred to as privilege level 15.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:H/A:N
CVE-2025-20202 (2025)
A vulnerability in Cisco IOS XE Wireless Controller Software could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device.
 This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of access point (AP) Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) neighbor reports when they are processed by the wireless controller. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted CDP packet to an AP. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause an unexpected reload of the wireless controller that is managing the AP, resulting in a DoS condition that affects the wireless network.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVE-2025-20203 (2025)
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Evolved Programmable Network Manager (EPNM) and Cisco Prime Infrastructure could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct a stored cross-site scripting (XSS) attack against users of the interface of an affected system.
 The vulnerability exists because the web-based management interface does not properly validate user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by inserting malicious code into specific data fields in the interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected interface or access sensitive, browser-based information. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials.
    
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CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20204 (2025)
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks against a user of the interface.&nbsp;

These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input by the web-based management interface of an affected system. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by injecting malicious code into specific pages of the interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected interface or access sensitive, browser-based information. To exploit these vulnerabilities, the attacker must have&nbsp;valid administrative credentials.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20205 (2025)
Multiple vulnerabilities in the web-based management interface of Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to conduct cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks against a user of the interface.&nbsp;

These vulnerabilities are due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input by the web-based management interface of an affected system. An attacker could exploit these vulnerabilities by injecting malicious code into specific pages of the interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected interface or access sensitive, browser-based information. To exploit these vulnerabilities, the attacker must have&nbsp;valid administrative credentials.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20206 (2025)
A vulnerability in the interprocess communication (IPC) channel of Cisco Secure Client for Windows could allow an authenticated, local attacker to perform a DLL hijacking attack on an affected device if the Secure Firewall Posture Engine, formerly HostScan, is installed on Cisco Secure Client.

This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of resources that are loaded by the application at run time. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted IPC message to a specific Cisco Secure Client process. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary code on the affected machine with SYSTEM privileges. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid user credentials on the Windows system.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
CVE-2025-20207 (2025)
A vulnerability in Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) polling for Cisco Secure Email and Web Manager, Cisco Secure Email Gateway, and Cisco Secure Web Appliance could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to obtain confidential information about the underlying operating system.

This vulnerability exists because the appliances do not protect confidential information at rest in response to SNMP poll requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted SNMP poll request to the affected appliance. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to discover confidential information that should be restricted. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must have the configured SNMP credentials.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CVE-2025-20208 (2025)
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco TelePresence Management Suite (TMS) could allow a low-privileged, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack against a user of the interface.  
 This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation by the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by inserting malicious data in a specific data field in the interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected interface or access sensitive, browser-based information.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20209 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Internet Key Exchange version 2 (IKEv2) function of Cisco IOS XR Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to prevent an affected device from processing any control plane UDP packets.&nbsp;

This vulnerability is due to improper handling of malformed IKEv2 packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending malformed IKEv2 packets to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to prevent the affected device from processing any control plane UDP packets, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition.
Cisco has released software updates that address this vulnerability. There are no workarounds that address this vulnerability.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVE-2025-2021 (2025)
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt XE File Parsing Integer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of XE files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in an integer overflow before writing to memory. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25264.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVE-2025-20210 (2025)
A vulnerability in the management API of Cisco Catalyst Center, formerly Cisco DNA Center, could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to read and modify the outgoing proxy configuration settings.

This vulnerability is due to the lack of authentication in an API endpoint. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a request to the affected API of a Catalyst Center device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to view or modify the outgoing proxy configuration, which could disrupt internet traffic from Cisco Catalyst Center or may allow the attacker to intercept outbound internet traffic.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
CVE-2025-20211 (2025)
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco BroadWorks Application Delivery Platform could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site scripting attack against a user of the interface.

This vulnerability exists because the web-based management interface does not properly validate user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user of the interface to click a crafted link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the affected interface or access sensitive, browser-based information.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20212 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Cisco AnyConnect VPN server of Cisco Meraki MX and Cisco Meraki Z Series devices could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition in the Cisco AnyConnect service on an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid VPN user credentials on the affected device.
 This vulnerability exists because a variable is not initialized when an SSL VPN session is established. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by supplying crafted attributes while establishing an SSL VPN session with an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the Cisco AnyConnect VPN server to restart, resulting in the failure of the established SSL VPN sessions and forcing remote users to initiate a new VPN connection and reauthenticate. A sustained attack could prevent new SSL VPN connections from being established.
 Note: When the attack traffic stops, the Cisco AnyConnect VPN server recovers without manual intervention.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVE-2025-20213 (2025)
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager, formerly Cisco SD-WAN vManage, could allow an authenticated, local attacker to overwrite arbitrary files on the local file system of an affected device. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid read-only credentials with CLI access on the affected system.

This vulnerability is due to improper access controls on files that are on the local file system. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by running a series of crafted commands on the local file system of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to overwrite arbitrary files on the affected device and gain privileges of the root user. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need to have CLI access as a low-privilege user.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
CVE-2025-20214 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Network Configuration Access Control Module (NACM) of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to obtain unauthorized read access to configuration or operational data.
 This vulnerability exists because a subtle change in inner API call behavior causes results to be filtered incorrectly. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by using either NETCONF, RESTCONF, or gRPC Network Management Interface (gNMI) protocols and query data on paths that may have been denied by the NACM configuration. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to access data that should have been restricted according to the NACM configuration.
 Note: This vulnerability requires that the attacker obtain the credentials from a valid user with privileges lower than 15, and that NACM was configured to provide restricted read access for that user.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CVE-2025-20215 (2025)
A vulnerability in the meeting-join functionality of Cisco Webex Meetings could have allowed an unauthenticated, network-proximate attacker to complete a meeting-join process in place of an intended targeted user, provided the requisite conditions were satisfied. Cisco has addressed this vulnerability in the Cisco Webex Meetings service, and no customer action is needed.

This vulnerability existed due to client certificate validation issues. Prior to this vulnerability being addressed, an attacker could have exploited this vulnerability by monitoring local wireless or adjacent networks for client-join requests and attempting to interrupt and complete the meeting-join flow as another user who was currently joining a meeting. To successfully exploit the vulnerability, an attacker would need the capability to position themselves in a local wireless or adjacent network, to monitor and intercept the targeted network traffic flows, and to satisfy timing requirements in order to interrupt the meeting-join flow and exploit the vulnerability. A successful exploit could have allowed the attacker to join the meeting as another user. However, the Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) is not aware of any malicious use of the vulnerability that is described in this advisory.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20216 (2025)
A vulnerability in the web interface of Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager, formerly Cisco SD-WAN vManage, could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to inject HTML into the browser of an authenticated user.

This vulnerability is due to improper sanitization of input to the web interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by convincing an authenticated user to click a malicious link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to inject HTML into the browser of an authenticated Cisco Catalyst SD-WAN Manager user.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20217 (2025)
A vulnerability in the packet inspection functionality of the Snort 3 Detection Engine of Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device.

This vulnerability is due to incorrect processing of traffic that is inspected by an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted traffic through the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the affected device to enter an infinite loop while inspecting traffic, resulting in a DoS condition. The system watchdog will restart the Snort process automatically.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVE-2025-20218 (2025)
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to retrieve sensitive information from an affected device.

This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted request to the web-based management interface of an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to retrieve sensitive information from the affected device.
To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CVE-2025-20219 (2025)
A vulnerability in the implementation of access control rules for loopback interfaces in Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to send traffic that should have been blocked to a loopback interface.

This vulnerability is due to improper enforcement of access control rules for loopback interfaces. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending traffic to a loopback interface on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass configured access control rules and send traffic&nbsp;that should have been blocked to a loopback interface on the device.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-2022 (2025)
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt VS File Parsing Type Confusion Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of VS files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in a type confusion condition. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25276.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVE-2025-20220 (2025)
A vulnerability in the CLI of Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system as root.
 This vulnerability is due to improper input validation for specific CLI commands. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by injecting operating system commands into a legitimate command. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to escape the restricted command prompt and execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system. To successfully exploit this vulnerability, an attacker would need valid Administrator credentials.
 For more information about vulnerable scenarios, see the Details ["#details"] section of this advisory.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
CVE-2025-20221 (2025)
A vulnerability in the packet filtering features of Cisco IOS XE SD-WAN Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to bypass Layer 3 and Layer 4 traffic filters. 
 This vulnerability is due to improper traffic filtering conditions on an affected device. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted packet to the affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to bypass the Layer 3 and Layer 4 traffic filters and inject a crafted packet into the network.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CVE-2025-20222 (2025)
A vulnerability in the RADIUS proxy feature for the IPsec VPN feature of Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition.

This vulnerability is due to improper processing of IPv6 packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending IPv6 packets over an IPsec VPN connection to&nbsp;an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to trigger a reload of the device, resulting in a DoS condition.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVE-2025-20223 (2025)
A vulnerability in Cisco Catalyst Center, formerly Cisco DNA Center, could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to read and modify data in a repository that belongs to an internal service of an affected device.
 This vulnerability is due to insufficient enforcement of access control on HTTP requests. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by submitting a crafted HTTP request to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read and modify data that is handled by an internal service on the affected device.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
CVE-2025-20224 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2) module of Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to trigger a memory leak, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition.
 This vulnerability is due to improper parsing of IKEv2 packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a continuous stream of crafted IKEv2 packets to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to partially exhaust system memory, causing system instability like being unable to establish new IKEv2 VPN sessions. A manual reboot of the device is required to recover from this condition.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L
CVE-2025-20225 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2) feature of Cisco IOS Software, IOS XE Software, Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software, and Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to trigger a memory leak, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition.
 This vulnerability is due to a lack of proper processing of IKEv2 packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted IKEv2 packets to an affected device. In the case of Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software, a successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload unexpectedly. In the case of Cisco ASA and FTD Software, a successful exploit could allow the attacker to partially exhaust system memory, causing system instability such as being unable to establish new IKEv2 VPN sessions. A manual reboot of the device is required to recover from this condition.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:L
CVE-2025-20226 (2025)
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.4.1, 9.3.3, 9.2.5, and 9.1.8 and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.3.2408.107, 9.2.2406.111, and 9.1.2308.214, a low-privileged user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could run a saved search with a risky command using the permissions of a higher-privileged user to bypass the SPL safeguards for risky commands on the "/services/streams/search" endpoint through its "q" parameter. The vulnerability requires the attacker to phish the victim by tricking them into initiating a request within their browser. The authenticated user should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CVE-2025-20227 (2025)
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.4.1, 9.3.3, 9.2.5, and 9.1.8, and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.3.2408.107, 9.2.2406.112, 9.2.2403.115, 9.1.2312.208 and 9.1.2308.214, a low-privileged user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could bypass the external content warning modal dialog box in Dashboard Studio dashboards which could lead to an information disclosure.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CVE-2025-20228 (2025)
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.3.3, 9.2.5, and 9.1.8 and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.2.2403.108, and 9.1.2312.204, a low-privileged user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could change the maintenance mode state of App Key Value Store (KVStore) through a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF).
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVE-2025-20229 (2025)
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.3.3, 9.2.5,  and 9.1.8, and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.3.2408.104, 9.2.2406.108, 9.2.2403.114, and 9.1.2312.208, a low-privileged user that does not hold the "admin" or "power" Splunk roles could perform a Remote Code Execution (RCE) through a file upload to the "$SPLUNK_HOME/var/run/splunk/apptemp" directory due to missing authorization checks.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVE-2025-2023 (2025)
Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt LI File Parsing Integer Overflow Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Ashlar-Vellum Cobalt. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of LI files. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in an integer overflow before allocating a buffer. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25348.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVE-2025-20230 (2025)
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.4.1, 9.3.3, 9.2.5, and 9.1.8, and versions below 3.8.38 and 3.7.23 of the Splunk Secure Gateway app on Splunk Cloud Platform, a low-privileged user that does not hold the “admin“ or “power“ Splunk roles could edit and delete other user data in App Key Value Store (KVStore) collections that the Splunk Secure Gateway app created. This is due to missing access control and incorrect ownership of the data in those KVStore collections.<br><br>In the affected versions, the `nobody` user owned the data in the KVStore collections. This meant that there was no specific owner assigned to the data in those collections.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20231 (2025)
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.4.1, 9.3.3, 9.2.5, and 9.1.8, and versions below 3.8.38 and 3.7.23 of the Splunk Secure Gateway app on Splunk Cloud Platform, a low-privileged user that does not hold the “admin“ or “power“ Splunk roles could run a search using the permissions of a higher-privileged user that could lead to disclosure of sensitive information.<br><br>The vulnerability requires the attacker to phish the victim by tricking them into initiating a request within their browser. The authenticated low-privileged user should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVE-2025-20232 (2025)
In Splunk Enterprise versions below 9.3.3, 9.2.5, and 9.1.8 and Splunk Cloud Platform versions below 9.3.2408.103, 9.2.2406.108, 9.2.2403.113, 9.1.2312.208 and 9.1.2308.212, a low-privileged user that does not hold the “admin“ or “power“ Splunk roles could run a saved search with a risky command using the permissions of a higher-privileged user to bypass the SPL safeguards for risky commands on the “/app/search/search“ endpoint through its “s“ parameter. <br>The vulnerability requires the attacker to phish the victim by tricking them into initiating a request within their browser. The authenticated user should not be able to exploit the vulnerability at will.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
CVE-2025-20233 (2025)
In the Splunk App for Lookup File Editing versions below 4.0.5, a script in the app used the `chmod` and `makedirs` Python functions in a way that resulted in overly broad read and execute permissions. This could lead to improper access control for a low-privileged user.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
CVE-2025-20234 (2025)
A vulnerability in Universal Disk Format (UDF) processing of ClamAV could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause a denial of service (DoS) condition on an affected device.

This vulnerability is due to a memory overread during UDF file scanning. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by submitting a crafted file containing UDF content to be scanned by ClamAV on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to terminate the ClamAV scanning process, resulting in a DoS condition on the affected software.
For a description of this vulnerability, see the .
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
CVE-2025-20235 (2025)
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Secure Firewall Management Center (FMC) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack against a user of the interface.

This vulnerability is due to insufficient validation of user-supplied input by the web-based management interface. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by inserting crafted input into various data fields in an affected interface. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary script code in the context of the interface or access sensitive, browser-based information.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20236 (2025)
A vulnerability in the custom URL parser of Cisco Webex App could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to persuade a user to download arbitrary files, which could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the host of the targeted user.

This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation when Cisco Webex App processes a meeting invite link. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a crafted meeting invite link and download arbitrary files. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute arbitrary commands with the privileges of the targeted user.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVE-2025-20237 (2025)
A vulnerability in Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system with root-level privileges. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials.
 This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of commands that are supplied by the user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to a device and submitting crafted input for specific commands. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute commands on the underlying operating system as root.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
CVE-2025-20238 (2025)
A vulnerability in Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an authenticated, local attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the underlying operating system with root-level privileges. To exploit this vulnerability, the attacker must have valid administrative credentials.
 This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation of commands that are supplied by the user. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by authenticating to a device and submitting crafted input for specific commands. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute commands on the underlying operating system as root.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
CVE-2025-20239 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Internet Key Exchange Version 2 (IKEv2) feature of Cisco IOS Software, IOS XE Software, Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software, and Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to trigger a memory leak, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition.
 This vulnerability is due to a lack of proper processing of IKEv2 packets. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted IKEv2 packets to an affected device. In the case of Cisco IOS and IOS XE Software, a successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the device to reload unexpectedly. In the case of Cisco ASA and FTD Software, a successful exploit could allow the attacker to partially exhaust system memory, causing system instability such as being unable to establish new IKEv2 VPN sessions. A manual reboot of the device is required to recover from this condition.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVE-2025-2024 (2025)
Trimble SketchUp SKP File Parsing Uninitialized Variable Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Trimble SketchUp. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of SKP files. The issue results from the lack of proper initialization of memory prior to accessing it. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-25210.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
CVE-2025-20240 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Web Authentication feature of Cisco IOS XE Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a reflected cross-site scripting attack (XSS) on an affected device.
 This vulnerability is due to improper sanitization of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to click a malicious link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to execute a reflected XSS attack and steal user cookies from the affected device.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20241 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS) feature of Cisco NX-OS Software for Cisco Nexus 3000 Series Switches and Cisco Nexus 9000 Series Switches in standalone NX-OS mode could allow an unauthenticated, adjacent attacker to cause the IS-IS process to unexpectedly restart, which could cause an affected device to reload.

This vulnerability is due to insufficient input validation when parsing an ingress IS-IS packet. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted IS-IS packet to an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause the unexpected restart of the IS-IS process, which could cause the affected device to reload, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition.
Note: The IS-IS protocol is a routing protocol. To exploit this vulnerability, an attacker must be Layer 2-adjacent to the affected device.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVE-2025-20242 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Cloud Connect component of Cisco Unified Contact Center Enterprise (CCE) could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to read and modify data on an affected device.
 This vulnerability is due to a lack of proper authentication controls. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted TCP data to a specific port on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to read or modify data on the affected device.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
CVE-2025-20243 (2025)
A vulnerability in the management and VPN web servers of Cisco Secure Firewall ASA Software and Secure FTD Software could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to cause the device to reload unexpectedly, resulting in a DoS condition.

This vulnerability is due to improper validation of user-supplied input on an interface with VPN web services. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending crafted HTTP requests to a targeted web server on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause a DoS condition when the device reloads.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVE-2025-20244 (2025)
A vulnerability in the Remote Access SSL VPN service for Cisco Secure Firewall Adaptive Security Appliance (ASA) Software and Cisco Secure Firewall Threat Defense (FTD) Software could allow a remote attacker that is authenticated as a VPN user to cause the device to reload unexpectedly, resulting in a denial of service (DoS) condition.

This vulnerability is due to incomplete error checking when parsing an HTTP header field value. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP request to a targeted Remote Access SSL VPN service on an affected device. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to cause a DoS condition, which would cause the affected device to reload.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
CVE-2025-20246 (2025)
A vulnerability in Cisco Webex could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to conduct a cross-site scripting (XSS) attack.
 A vulnerability is due to improper filtering of user-supplied input. An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by persuading a user to follow a malicious link. A successful exploit could allow the attacker to conduct a cross-site scripting attack against the targeted user.
CVSS v3.1 vector: AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N