Reference

Planning your ingress-nginx migration? Start here:
kubernetes.nginx.org.

english
русский
news
about
download
security
documentation
faq
books
community
enterprise
community forum (new)
x.com
blog
njs
ingress controller
gateway fabric

Reference

nginx objects
HTTP Request
Stream Session
Periodic Session
Headers
Request
Response
ngx
ngx.shared
built-in objects
console
crypto
CryptoKey
CryptoKeyPair
njs
process
String
web API
Text Decoder
Text Encoder
timers
Global functions
built-in modules
Buffer
Crypto
File System
Query String
XML
zlib

njs provides objects, methods and properties
for extending nginx functionality.

This reference contains only njs specific properties, methods and modules
not compliant with ECMAScript.
Definitions of njs properties and methods compliant with ECMAScript
can be found in
ECMAScript
specification.
List of all njs properties and methods can be found in
Compatibility.

nginx objects

HTTP Request

r.args{}

r.decline()

r.done()

r.error()

r.finish()

r.headersIn{}

r.headersOut{}

r.httpVersion

r.internal

r.internalRedirect()

r.jsVarNames()

r.log()

r.method

r.parent

r.readRequestArrayBuffer()

r.readRequestForm()

r.readRequestJSON()

r.readRequestText()

r.remoteAddress

r.requestBody

r.requestBuffer

r.requestText

r.rawHeadersIn[]

r.rawHeadersOut[]

r.responseBody

r.responseBuffer

r.responseText

r.return()

r.send()

r.sendBuffer()

r.sendHeader()

r.setReturnValue()

r.status

r.subrequest()

r.uri

r.rawVariables{}

r.variables{}

r.warn()

The HTTP request object is available only in the
ngx_http_js_module module.
Before 0.8.5,
all string properties of the object
were byte strings.

r.args{}

request arguments object, read-only.

The query string is returned as an object.
Since 0.7.6,
duplicate keys are returned as an array,
keys are case-sensitive, both keys and values are percent-decoded.

For example, the query string

'a=1&b=%32&A=3&b=4&B=two%20words'

is converted to r.args as:

{a: "1", b: ["2", "4"], A: "3", B: "two words"}

More advanced parsing scenarios can be achieved with the
Query String module
and with the
$args
variable, for example:

import qs from 'querystring';

function args(r) {
return qs.parse(r.variables.args);
}

The argument object
is evaluated at the first access to r.args.
If only a single argument is needed, for example foo,
nginx variables can be used:

r.variables.arg_foo

Here, nginx variables object
returns the first value for a given key,
case-insensitive, without percent-decoding.

To convert r.args back to a string,
the Query String
stringify
method can be used.

r.decline()

makes the
js_access handler
express no opinion about access, deferring the decision to other access
checkers under
satisfy any
(0.9.9).
A handler that returns without calling
r.decline()
or
r.return()
implicitly grants access.
May be called only from the
js_access function.

r.done()

after calling this function,
next data chunks will be passed to client without calling
js_body_filter
(0.5.2).
May be called only from the
js_body_filter function

r.error(string)

writes a string to the error log
on the error level of logging

As nginx has a
hardcoded
maximum line length limit,
only first 2048 bytes of the string can be logged.

r.finish()

finishes sending a response to the client

r.headersIn{}

incoming headers object, read-only.

The Foo request header
can be accessed with the syntax:
headersIn.foo or headersIn['Foo'].

The
“Authorization”,
“Content-Length”,
“Content-Range”,
“Content-Type”,
“ETag”,
“Expect”,
“From”,
“Host”,
“If-Match”,
“If-Modified-Since”,
“If-None-Match”,
“If-Range”,
“If-Unmodified-Since”,
“Max-Forwards”,
“Proxy-Authorization”,
“Referer”,
“Transfer-Encoding”, and
“User-Agent”
request headers can have only one field value
(0.4.1).
Duplicate field values in “Cookie” headers
are separated by semicolon (;).
Duplicate field values in all other request headers are separated by commas.

r.headersOut{}

outgoing headers object for the main request, writable.

If r.headersOut{} is the response object of
a subrequest, it represents response headers.
In this case, field values in
“Accept-Ranges”,
“Connection”,
“Content-Disposition”,
“Content-Encoding”,
“Content-Length”,
“Content-Range”,
“Date”,
“Keep-Alive”,
“Server”,
“Transfer-Encoding”,
“X-Accel-*”
response headers may be omitted.

The “Foo” response header
can be accessed with the syntax:
headersOut.foo or headersOut['Foo'].

Outgoing headers should be set before a response header is sent to a client,
otherwise header update will be ignored.
This means that r.headersOut{} is effectively writable in:

the js_content handler before
r.sendHeader() or
r.return() are called

the js_header_filter handler

Field values of multi-value response headers
(0.4.0)
can be set with the syntax:

r.headersOut['Foo'] = ['a', 'b']

where the output will be:

Foo: a
Foo: b

All previous field values of the “Foo” response header
will be deleted.

For standard response headers
that accept only a single field value such as
“Content-Type”,
only the last element of the array will take effect.
Field values of the “Set-Cookie” response header
are always returned as an array.
Duplicate field values in
“Age”,
“Content-Encoding”,
“Content-Length”,
“Content-Type”,
“ETag”,
“Expires”,
“Last-Modified”,
“Location”,
“Retry-After”
response headers are ignored.
Duplicate field values in all other response headers
are separated by commas.

r.httpVersion

HTTP version, read-only

r.internal

boolean value, true for
internal
locations

r.internalRedirect(uri)

performs an
internal
redirect
to the specified uri.
If the uri starts with the “@” prefix,
it is considered a named location.
In a new location, all request processing is repeated
starting from NGX_HTTP_SERVER_REWRITE_PHASE
for ordinary locations and from NGX_HTTP_REWRITE_PHASE
for named locations.
As a result, a redirect to a named location
does not check client_max_body_size
limit.
See dev guide
for more details.
Redirected requests become internal and can access the
internal
locations.
The actual redirect happens after the handler execution is completed.

After redirect,
a new njs VM is started in the target location,
the VM in the original location is stopped.
Values of nginx variables are kept
and can be used to pass information to the target location.
Since 0.5.3,
the variable declared with the js_var directive for
http or
stream
can be used.

Since 0.7.4,
the method accepts escaped URIs.

r.log(string)

writes a string to the error log
on the info level of logging

As nginx has a
hardcoded
maximum line length limit,
only first 2048 bytes of the string can be logged.

r.method

HTTP method, read-only

r.parent

references the parent request object

r.remoteAddress

client address, read-only

r.readRequestArrayBuffer()

returns a Promise that resolves with the client
request body as an ArrayBuffer
(0.9.9).
See
r.readRequestText()
for availability, body caching, and concurrency semantics.

r.readRequestForm([options])

reads the client request body and parses it as an HTML form,
returning a Promise that resolves with a form object
(0.9.9).
Supported content types are
application/x-www-form-urlencoded
and multipart/form-data.

The form object provides the following methods:

get(name)

returns the first value for name,
or null if absent.

getAll(name)

returns an array with all values for name.

has(name)

returns true if at least one entry exists
for name.

forEach(callback[,
thisArg])

invokes callback for each entry with arguments
(value, key, form).

hasFiles()

returns true if the form contains any file parts.

For text fields, values are decoded strings.
For file parts, the value is an object with the client-supplied
filename available as the name property;
file contents are not exposed.
The filename is client-supplied and is not sanitized.

The optional options object accepts the following
properties:

maxKeys
number

the maximum number of fields to parse,
by default is 128.
Exceeding the limit rejects the returned promise.

See
r.readRequestText()
for availability, body caching, and concurrency semantics.
The parsed form is itself cached on the request:
a subsequent call returns the same form object and ignores any
new options argument.

r.readRequestJSON()

returns a Promise that resolves with the client
request body parsed as JSON
(0.9.9).
See
r.readRequestText()
for availability, body caching, and concurrency semantics.

r.readRequestText()

returns a Promise that resolves with the client
request body as a string
(0.9.9).
The size of the request body is limited by
client_max_body_size.
The method is available in the
js_access
and
js_content directives.

The body is read once and cached on the request:
subsequent calls to
r.readRequestText(),
r.readRequestArrayBuffer(),
r.readRequestJSON(),
or
r.readRequestForm()
resolve from the cached body without re-reading the wire.
A second call issued while a previous read is still pending throws
"request body is already being read".

Note that
it may convert bytes invalid in UTF-8 encoding into the replacement
character.

r.requestBody

the property was made obsolete in
0.5.0
and was removed in 0.8.0.
The r.requestBuffer or
r.requestText property
should be used instead.

r.requestBuffer

client request body if it has not been written to a temporary file
(since 0.5.0).
To ensure that the client request body is in memory,
its size should be limited by
client_max_body_size,
and a sufficient buffer size should be set using
client_body_buffer_size.
The property is available only in the
js_content directive.
For asynchronous access, or for use in
js_access, see
r.readRequestText()
and other “r.readRequest*()” methods.

r.requestText

the same as r.requestBuffer,
but returns a string.
Note that
it may convert bytes invalid in UTF-8 encoding into the replacement character.
For asynchronous access, or for use in
js_access, see
r.readRequestText().

r.rawHeadersIn[]

returns an array of key-value pairs
exactly as they were received from the client
(0.4.1).

For example, with the following request headers:

Host: localhost
Foo: bar
foo: bar2

the output of r.rawHeadersIn will be:

[
['Host', 'localhost'],
['Foo', 'bar'],
['foo', 'bar2']
]

All foo headers
can be collected with the syntax:

r.rawHeadersIn.filter(v=>v[0].toLowerCase() == 'foo').map(v=>v[1])

the output will be:

['bar', 'bar2']

Header field names are not converted to lower case,
duplicate field values are not merged.

r.rawHeadersOut[]

returns an array of key-value pairs of response headers
(0.4.1).
Header field names are not converted to lower case,
duplicate field values are not merged.

r.responseBody

the property was made obsolete in
0.5.0
and was removed in 0.8.0.
The r.responseBuffer
or
the r.responseText
property
should be used instead.

r.responseBuffer

holds the subrequest response body,
read-only
(since 0.5.0).
The size of r.responseBuffer is limited by the
subrequest_output_buffer_size
directive.

r.responseText

the same as r.responseBuffer
but returns a string
(since 0.5.0).
Note that
it may convert bytes invalid in UTF-8 encoding into the replacement character.

r.return(status[,
string | Buffer])

sends the entire response
with the specified status to the client.
The response can be a string or Buffer
(0.5.0).

May be called from the
js_content
or, since 0.9.9,
js_access handler.

It is possible to specify either a redirect URL
(for codes 301, 302, 303, 307, and 308)
or the response body text (for other codes) as the second argument

r.send(string
| Buffer)

sends a part of the response body to the client.
The data sent can be a string or Buffer
(0.5.0)

r.sendBuffer(data[,
options])

adds data to the chain of data chunks to be forwarded to the next body filter
(0.5.2).
The actual forwarding happens later,
when the all the data chunks of the current chain are processed.

The data can be a string or Buffer.
The options is an object used
to override nginx buffer flags derived from an incoming data chunk buffer.
The flags can be overridden with the following flags:

last

boolean,
true if the buffer is the last buffer

flush

boolean,
true if the buffer should have the flush flag

The method may be called only from the
js_body_filter function.

r.sendHeader()

sends the HTTP headers to the client

r.setReturnValue(value)

sets the return value of the
js_set handler
(0.7.0).
Unlike an ordinary return statement,
this method should be used when the handler is JS async function.
For example:

async function js_set(r) {
const digest = await crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256', r.headersIn.host);
r.setReturnValue(digest);
}

r.status

status, writable

r.subrequest(uri[,
options[, callback]])

creates a subrequest with the given uri and
options, and installs
an optional completion callback.

A
subrequest
shares its input headers with the client request.
To send headers different from original headers to a proxied server, the
proxy_set_header
directive can be used.
To send a completely new set of headers to a proxied server, the
proxy_pass_request_headers
directive can be used.

If options is a string, then it
holds the subrequest arguments string.
Otherwise, options is expected to be
an object with the following keys:

args

arguments string, by default an empty string is used

body

request body,
by default the request body of the parent request object is used

method

HTTP method, by default the GET method is used

detached

boolean flag (0.3.9),
if true, the created subrequest is a detached subrequest.
Responses to detached subrequests are ignored.
Unlike ordinary subrequests, a detached subrequest
can be created inside a variable handler.
The detached flag and callback argument
are mutually exclusive.

The completion callback receives
a subrequest response object with methods and properties
identical to the parent request object.

Since 0.3.8,
if a callback is not provided,
the Promise object
that resolves to the subrequest response object
is returned.

For example, to view all response headers in the subrequest:

async function handler(r) {
const reply = await r.subrequest('/path');

for (const h in reply.headersOut) {
r.log(`${h}: ${reply.headersOut[h]}`);
}

r.return(200);
}

r.uri

current URI
in request,
normalized,
read-only

r.rawVariables{}

nginx variables as Buffers,
writable
(since 0.5.0)

r.jsVarNames([prefix])

returns a new array of names of nginx variables declared with
the js_var
directive
(since 0.9.9).
The optional prefix argument must be a string.
If it is specified, only names that start with the prefix are returned.

r.variables{}

nginx variables object, writable
(since 0.2.8).

For example, to get the $foo variable,
one of the following syntax can be used:

r.variables['foo']
r.variables.foo

Since 0.8.6,
regular expression captures can be accessed using the following syntax:

r.variables['1']
r.variables[1]

nginx treats variables referenced in nginx.conf
and unreferenced variables differently.
When a variable is referenced, it may be cacheable,
but when it is unreferenced it is always uncacheable.
For example, when the
$request_id
variable is only accessed from njs,
it has a new value every time it is evaluated.
But, when the
$request_id
is referenced, for example:

proxy_set_header X-Request-Id $request_id;

the r.variables.request_id returns the same value every time.

A variable is writable if:

it was created using the js_var directive for
http or
stream
(since 0.5.3)

it is referenced in nginx configuration file

Even so, some embedded variables still cannot be assigned a value (for example,
$http_).

r.warn(string)

writes a string to the error log
on the warning level of logging

As nginx has a
hardcoded
maximum line length limit,
only first 2048 bytes of the string can be logged.

Stream Session

s.allow()

s.decline()

s.deny()

s.done()

s.error()

s.jsVarNames()

s.log()

s.off()

s.on()

s.remoteAddress

s.rawVariables{}

s.send()

s.sendDownstream()

s.sendUpstream()

s.status

s.setReturnValue()

s.variables{}

s.warn()

The stream session object is available only in the
ngx_stream_js_module
module.
Before 0.8.5,
all string properties of the object
were byte strings.

s.allow()

an alias to
s.done(0)
(0.2.4)

s.decline()

an alias to
s.done(-5)
(0.2.4)

s.deny()

an alias to
s.done(403)
(0.2.4)

s.done([code])

sets an exit code for the current
phase handler
to a code value, by default 0.
The actual finalization happens when the js handler is completed
and all pending events, for example, from
ngx.fetch() or
setTimeout(),
are processed
(0.2.4).

Possible code values:

0 —
successful finalization, passing control to the next phase

-5 —
undecided, passing control to the next handler of the current phase (if any)

403 —
access is forbidden

May be called only from a phase handler function:
js_access
or
js_preread.

s.error(string)

writes a sent string to the error log
on the error level of logging

As nginx has a
hardcoded
maximum line length limit,
only first 2048 bytes of the string can be logged.

s.log(string)

writes a sent string to the error log
on the info level of logging

As nginx has a
hardcoded
maximum line length limit,
only first 2048 bytes of the string can be logged.

s.off(eventName)

unregisters the callback set by the s.on() method
(0.2.4)

s.on(event,
callback)

registers a callback
for the specified event
(0.2.4).

An event may be one of the following strings:

upload

new data (string) from a client

download

new data (string) to a client

upstream

new data (Buffer) from a client
(since 0.5.0)

downstream

new data (Buffer) to a client
(since 0.5.0)

The completion callback has the following prototype:
callback(data, flags), where
data is string or Buffer (depending on the event type)
flags is an object
with the following properties:

last

a boolean value, true if data is a last buffer.

s.remoteAddress

client address, read-only

s.rawVariables

nginx variables as Buffers,
writable
(since 0.5.0)

s.jsVarNames([prefix])

returns a new array of names of nginx variables declared with
the js_var
directive
(since 0.9.9).
The optional prefix argument must be a string.
If it is specified, only names that start with the prefix are returned.

s.send(data[,
options])

adds data to the chain of data chunks that will be forwarded in
the forward direction:
in download callback to a client; in upload to an upstream server
(0.2.4).
The actual forwarding happens later,
when the all the data chunks of the current chain are processed.

The data can be a string or Buffer
(0.5.0).
The options is an object used
to override nginx buffer flags derived from an incoming data chunk buffer.
The flags can be overridden with the following flags:

last

boolean,
true if the buffer is the last buffer

flush

boolean,
true if the buffer should have the flush flag

The method can be called multiple times per callback invocation.

s.sendDownstream()

is identical to s.send(),
except for it always sends data to a client
(since 0.7.8).

s.sendUpstream()

is identical to s.send(),
except for it always sends data from a client
(since 0.7.8).

s.status

session status code, an alias to the
$status
variable,
read only
(since 0.5.2)

s.setReturnValue(value)

sets the return value of the
js_set handler
(0.7.0).
Unlike an ordinary return statement,
this method should be used when the handler is JS async function.
For example:

async function js_set(r) {
const digest = await crypto.subtle.digest('SHA-256', r.headersIn.host);
r.setReturnValue(digest);
}

s.variables{}

nginx variables object, writable
(since 0.2.8).
A variable can be writable only
if it is referenced in nginx configuration file.
Even so, some embedded variables still cannot be assigned a value.

s.warn(string)

writes a sent string to the error log
on the warning level of logging

As nginx has a
hardcoded
maximum line length limit,
only first 2048 bytes of the string can be logged.

Periodic Session

PeriodicSession.rawVariables{}

PeriodicSession.variables{}

The Periodic Session object is provided as the first argument
for the js_periodic handler for
http
and
stream
(since 0.8.1).

PeriodicSession.rawVariables{}

nginx variables as Buffers,
writable.

PeriodicSession.variables{}

nginx variables object, writable.

Headers

Headers()

Headers.append()

Headers.delete()

Headers.get()

Headers.getAll()

Headers.forEach()

Headers.has()

Headers.set()

The Headers interface of the
Fetch API
is available since 0.5.1.

A new Headers object can be created using the
Headers() constructor:
(since 0.7.10):

Headers([init])

init

An object containing HTTP headers for
prepopulating the Headers object,
can be a string,
an array of name-value pairs,
or an existing Headers object.

A new Headers object can be created
with the following properties and methods:

append()

Appends a new value into an existing header in the
Headers object,
or adds the header if it does not already exist
(since 0.7.10).

delete()

Deletes a header from the Headers object
(since 0.7.10).

get()

Returns a string containing the values of all headers with the specified name
separated by a comma and a space.

getAll(name)

Returns an array containing the values of all headers with the specified name.

forEach()

Executes a provided function once for each key/value pair
in the Headers object
(since 0.7.10).

has()

Returns a boolean value
indicating whether a header with the specified name exists.

set()

Sets a new value for an existing header inside
the Headers object,
or adds the header if it does not already exist
(since 0.7.10).

Request

Request()

Request.arrayBuffer()

Request.bodyUsed

Request.cache

Request.credentials

Request.headers

Request.json()

Request.method

Request.mode

Request.text()

Request.url

The Request interface of the
Fetch API
is available since 0.7.10.

A new Request object can be created using the
Request() constructor:

Request[resource[,
options]])

Creates a Request object to fetch
that can be passed later to
ngx.fetch().
The resource can be a URL
or an existing Request object.
The options is an optional argument
that is expected to be an object with the following keys:

body

The request body, by default is empty.

headers

The response headers object —
the object containing HTTP headers for
prepopulating the Headers object,
can be a string,
an array of name-value pairs,
or an existing Headers object.

method

The HTTP method, by default the GET method is used.

A new Request object can be created
with the following properties and methods:

arrayBuffer()

Returns a Promise that resolves with
an ArrayBuffer.

bodyUsed

A boolean value, true
if the body was used in the request.

cache

Contains the cache mode of the request.

credentials

Contains the credentials of the request,
by default is same-origin.

headers

The Headers read-only object
associated with the
Request.

json()

Returns a Promise that resolves with
the result of parsing the request body as JSON.

method

Contains the request method.

mode

Contains the mode of the request.

text()

Returns a Promise that resolves with a
string representation of the request body.

url

Contains the URL of the request.

Response

Response()

Response.arrayBuffer()

Response.bodyUsed

Response.headers

Response.json()

Response.ok

Response.redirected

Response.status

Response.statusText

Response.text()

Response.type

Response.url

The Response interface is available since
0.5.1.

A new Response object can be created using the
Response() constructor
(since 0.7.10):

Response[body[,
options]])

Creates a Response object.
The body is an optional argument,
can be a string or a buffer,
by default is null.
The options is an optional argument
that is expected to be an object with the following keys:

headers

The response headers object —
the object containing HTTP headers for
prepopulating the Headers object,
can be a string,
an array of name-value pairs,
or an existing Headers object.

status

The status code of the response.

statusText

The status message corresponding to the status code.

A new Response() object can be created
with the following properties and methods:

arrayBuffer()

Takes a Response stream and reads it to completion.
Returns a Promise that resolves with
an ArrayBuffer.

bodyUsed

A boolean value, true
if the body was read.

headers

The Headers read-only object
associated with the
Response.

json()

Takes a Response stream and reads it to completion.
Returns a Promise that resolves with
the result of parsing the body text as JSON.

ok

A boolean value, true
if the response was successful (status codes between 200–299).

redirected

A boolean value, true
if the response is the result of a redirect.

status

The status code of the response.

statusText

The status message corresponding to the status code.

text()

Takes a Response stream and reads it to completion.
Returns a Promise that resolves with a string.

type

The type of the response.

url

The URL of the response.

ngx

ngx.build

ngx.conf_file_path

ngx.conf_prefix

ngx.error_log_path

ngx.fetch()

ngx.log()

ngx.prefix

ngx.version

ngx.version_number

ngx.worker_id

The ngx global object is available
since 0.5.0.

ngx.build

a string containing an optional nginx build name, corresponds to the
--build=name
argument
of the configure script,
by default is ""
(0.8.0)

ngx.conf_file_path

a string containing the file path to current nginx configuration file
(0.8.0)

ngx.conf_prefix

a string containing the file path to
nginx configuration prefix —
the directory where nginx is currently looking for configuration
(0.7.8)

ngx.error_log_path

a string containing the file path to the current
error log file
(0.8.0)

ngx.fetch(resource,
[options])

Makes a request to fetch a resource
(0.5.1), which can be an
URL or the Request object
(0.7.10).
Returns a Promise that resolves with
the Response object.
Since 0.7.0,
the https:// scheme is supported,
redirects are not handled.

If the URL in the resource is specified as a domain name,
it is determined using a
resolver.
If the https:// scheme is specified, the
js_fetch_trusted_certificate
directive should be configured
for the authentication of the resource's HTTPS server.

The options parameter is expected to be an object
with the following keys:

body

request body,
by default is empty

buffer_size

the buffer size for reading the response,
by default is 4096

headers

request headers object

max_response_body_size

the maximum size of the response body in bytes,
by default is 32768

method

HTTP method,
by default the GET method is used

verify

enables or disables verification of the HTTPS server certificate,
by default is true
(0.7.0)

Example:

let reply = await ngx.fetch('http://nginx.org/');
let body = await reply.text();

r.return(200, body);

ngx.log(level,
message)

writes a message to the error log with the specified level of logging.
The level parameter specifies one of the log levels,
the message parameter can be a string or Buffer.
The following log levels can be specified:
ngx.INFO,
ngx.WARN, and
ngx.ERR.

As nginx has a
hardcoded
maximum line length limit,
only first 2048 bytes of the string can be logged.

ngx.prefix

a string containing the file path to
nginx prefix —
a directory that keeps server files
(0.8.0)

ngx.version

a string containing nginx version,
for example: 1.25.0
(0.8.0)

ngx.version_number

a number containing nginx version,
for example: 1025000
(0.8.0)

ngx.worker_id

a number that corresponds to nginx internal worker id,
the value is between 0 and the value specified in the
worker_processes directive
(0.8.0)

ngx.shared

The ngx.shared global object is available
since 0.8.0.

SharedDict

ngx.shared.SharedDict.add()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.capacity

ngx.shared.SharedDict.clear()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.delete()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.freeSpace()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.get()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.has()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.incr()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.items()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.keys()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.name

ngx.shared.SharedDict.pop()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.replace()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.set()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.size()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.ttl()

ngx.shared.SharedDict.type

The shared dictionary object is available
since 0.8.0.
The shared dictionary name, type, and size
are set with the js_shared_dict_zone directive in
http
or
stream.

A SharedDict() object
has the following properties and methods:

ngx.shared.SharedDict.add(key,
value [,timeout])

Sets the value
for the specified key in the dictionary
only if the key does not exist yet.
The key is a string representing
the key of the item to add,
the value is the value of the item to add.

The optional timeout argument is specified in milliseconds
and overrides the timeout parameter of the
js_shared_dict_zone directive in
http
or
stream
(since 0.8.5).
It can be useful when some keys are expected to have unique timeouts.

Returns true if the value has been successfully added
to the SharedDict dictionary,
false if the key already exists in the dictionary.
Throws SharedMemoryError if
there is not enough free space in the SharedDict dictionary.
Throws TypeError if the value is
of a different type than expected by this dictionary.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.capacity

Returns the capacity of the SharedDict dictionary,
corresponds to the size parameter of
js_shared_dict_zone directive in
http
or
stream.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.clear()

Removes all items from the SharedDict dictionary.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.delete(key)

Removes the item associated with the specified key
from the SharedDict dictionary,
true if the item in the dictionary existed and was removed,
false otherwise.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.freeSpace()

Returns the free page size in bytes.
If the size is zero, the SharedDict dictionary
will still accept new values if there is space in the occupied pages.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.get(key)

Retrieves the item by its key,
returns the value associated with the key
or undefined if there is none.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.has(key)

Searches for an item by its key,
returns true if such item exists or
false otherwise.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.incr(key,delta[[,init], timeout]))

Increments the integer value associated with the key
by delta.
The key is a string,
the delta is the number
to increment or decrement the value by.
If the key does not exist,
the item will be initialized to an optional init argument,
by default is 0.

The optional timeout argument is specified in milliseconds
and overrides the timeout parameter of the
js_shared_dict_zone directive in
http
or
stream
(since 0.8.5).
If the timeout argument is not specified,
the existing per-entry TTL is preserved
(since 0.9.7).
Before version 0.9.7,
omitting timeout would reset the entry expiry
to the directive default.

Returns the new value.
Throws SharedMemoryError if
there is not enough free space in the SharedDict dictionary.
Throws TypeError if this dictionary does not expect numbers.

This method can be used only if the dictionary type was declared with
type=number parameter of the
js_shared_dict_zone directive in
http
or
stream.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.items([maxCount])

Returns an array of the SharedDict dictionary
key-value items (since 0.8.1).
The maxCount parameter
sets maximum number of items to retrieve,
by default is 1024.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.keys([maxCount])

Returns an array of the SharedDict dictionary keys.
The maxCount parameter
sets maximum number of keys to retrieve,
by default is 1024.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.name

Returns the name of the SharedDict dictionary,
corresponds to the zone= parameter of
js_shared_dict_zone directive in
http
or
stream.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.pop(key)

Removes the item associated with the specified key
from the SharedDict dictionary,
returns the value associated with the key
or undefined if there is none.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.replace(key,
value)

Replaces the value
for the specified key only if the key already exists,
returns true if the value was successfully replaced,
false if the key does not exist
in the SharedDict dictionary.
Throws SharedMemoryError if
there is not enough free space in the SharedDict dictionary.
Throws TypeError if the value is
of a different type than expected by this dictionary.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.set(key,
value [,timeout])

Sets the value for the specified key,
returns this SharedDict dictionary (for method chaining).

The optional timeout argument is specified in milliseconds
and overrides the timeout parameter of the
js_shared_dict_zone directive in
http
or
stream
(since 0.8.5).
It can be useful when some keys are expected to have unique timeouts.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.size()

Returns the number of items for the SharedDict dictionary.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.ttl(key)

Returns the remaining time-to-live in milliseconds
for the specified key,
or undefined if the key does not exist
or has expired
(since 0.9.7).

Throws TypeError if the dictionary was declared
without the timeout parameter of the
js_shared_dict_zone directive in
http
or
stream.

ngx.shared.SharedDict.type

Returns string or number that
corresponds to the SharedDict dictionary type
set by the type= parameter of
js_shared_dict_zone directive in
http
or
stream.

built-in objects

console

console.error()

console.info()

console.log()

console.time()

console.timeEnd()

console.warn()

The console object is available
in nginx since 0.8.2,
in CLI since 0.2.6.

console.error(msg[, msg2 ...])

Outputs one or more error messages.
The message may be a string or an object.

console.info(msg[, msg2 ...])

Outputs one or more info messages.
The message may be a string or an object.

console.log(msg[, msg2 ...])

Outputs one or more log messages.
The message may be a string or an object.

console.time(label)

Starts a timer that can track how long an operation takes.
The label parameter allows naming different timers.
If console.timeEnd()
with the same name is called,
the time that elapsed since the timer was started will be output,
in milliseconds.

console.timeEnd(label)

Stops a timer previously started by
console.time()
The label parameter allows naming different timers.

console.warn(msg[, msg2 ...])

Outputs one or more warning messages.
The message may be a string or an object.

crypto

сrypto.getRandomValues()

сrypto.randomUUID()

сrypto.subtle.encrypt()

сrypto.subtle.decrypt()

сrypto.subtle.deriveBits()

сrypto.subtle.deriveKey()

сrypto.subtle.digest()

сrypto.subtle.exportKey()

сrypto.subtle.generateKey()

сrypto.subtle.importKey()

сrypto.subtle.sign()

сrypto.subtle.verify()

сrypto.subtle.wrapKey()

сrypto.subtle.unwrapKey()

The crypto object is a global object
that allows using cryptographic functionality
(since 0.7.0).
Since 0.9.7,
the full
Web Crypto API
specification is supported.

сrypto.getRandomValues(typedArray)

Gets cryptographically strong random values.
Returns the same array passed as typedArray
but with its contents replaced with the newly generated random numbers.
Possible values:

typedArray

can be
Int8Array,
Int16Array,
Uint16Array,
Int32Array, or
Uint32Array

сrypto.randomUUID()

Returns a randomly generated, 36 character long v4 UUID string,
for example "36b8f84d-df4e-4d49-b662-bcde71a8764f"
(since 0.9.7).

сrypto.subtle.encrypt(algorithm,
key,
data)

Encrypts data
using the provided
algorithm and
key.
Returns a Promise that fulfills with
an ArrayBuffer containing the ciphertext.
Possible values:

algorithm

an object that specifies
the algorithm to be used and any extra parameters if required:

for RSA-OAEP,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to RSA-OAEP:

crypto.subtle.encrypt({name: "RSA-OAEP"}, key, data)

for AES-CTR,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to AES-CTR

counter is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView —
the initial value of the counter block,
must be 16 bytes long (the AES block size).
The rightmost length bits of this block are used for the counter,
and the rest is used for the nonce.
For example, if length is set to 64,
then the first half of counter is the nonce
and the second half is used for the counter

length is the number of bits in the counter block
that are used for the actual counter.
The counter must be big enough that it doesn't wrap.

for AES-CBC, pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to AES-CBC

iv or the initialization vector, is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView,
must be 16 bytes, unpredictable,
and preferably cryptographically random.
However, it need not be secret,
for example, it may be transmitted unencrypted along with the ciphertext.

for AES-GCM, pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to AES-GCM

iv or the initialization vector, is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView,
must be 16 bytes,
and must be unique for every encryption operation carried out with a given key

additionalData (optional) is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
that contains additional data that
will not be encrypted but will be authenticated along with the encrypted data.
If additionalData is specified,
then the same data must be specified in the corresponding call to
decrypt():
if the data given to the decrypt() call
does not match the original data,
the decryption will throw an exception.
The bit length of additionalData
must be smaller than 2^64 - 1.

tagLength (optional, default is 128) -
a number that determines the size in bits
of the authentication tag generated in the encryption operation
and used for authentication in the corresponding decryption
Possible values:
32,
64,
96,
104,
112,
120, or
128.
The AES-GCM specification recommends that it should be
96,
104,
112,
120, or
128,
although
32 or
64
bits may be acceptable in some applications.

key

a CryptoKey that contains
the key to be used for encryption

data

an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
that contains
the data to be encrypted (also known as the plaintext)

сrypto.subtle.decrypt(algorithm,
key,
data)

Decrypts encrypted data.
Returns a Promise with the decrypted data.
Possible values:

algorithm

an object
that specifies the algorithm to be used, and any extra parameters as required.
The values given for the extra parameters must match
those passed into the corresponding encrypt() call.

for RSA-OAEP,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to RSA-OAEP:

crypto.subtle.encrypt({name: "RSA-OAEP"}, key, data)

for AES-CTR,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to AES-CTR

counter is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView —
the initial value of the counter block,
must be 16 bytes long (the AES block size).
The rightmost length bits of this block are used for the counter,
and the rest is used for the nonce.
For example, if length is set to 64,
then the first half of counter is the nonce
and the second half is used for the counter.

length is the number of bits in the counter block
that are used for the actual counter.
The counter must be big enough that it doesn't wrap.

for AES-CBC, pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to AES-CBC

iv or the initialization vector, is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView,
must be 16 bytes, unpredictable,
and preferably cryptographically random.
However, it need not be secret
(for example, it may be transmitted unencrypted along with the ciphertext).

for AES-GCM, pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to AES-GCM

iv or the initialization vector, is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView,
must be 16 bytes,
and must be unique for every encryption operation carried out with a given key

additionalData (optional) is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
that contains additional data that
will not be encrypted but will be authenticated along with the encrypted data.
If additionalData is specified,
then the same data must be specified in the corresponding call to
decrypt():
if the data given to the decrypt() call
does not match the original data,
the decryption will throw an exception.
The bit length of additionalData
must be smaller than 2^64 - 1.

tagLength (optional, default is 128) -
a number that determines the size in bits
of the authentication tag generated in the encryption operation
and used for authentication in the corresponding decryption.
Possible values:
32,
64,
96,
104,
112,
120, or
128.
The AES-GCM specification recommends that it should be
96,
104,
112,
120, or
128,
although
32 or
64
bits may be acceptable in some applications.

key

a CryptoKey
that contains the key to be used for decryption.
If RSA-OAEP is used, this is the
privateKey property of the
CryptoKeyPair object.

data

an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
that contains the data to be decrypted (also known as ciphertext)

сrypto.subtle.deriveBits(algorithm,
baseKey,
length)

Derives an array of bits from a base key.
Returns a Promise
which will be fulfilled with an
ArrayBuffer that contains the derived bits.
Possible values:

algorithm

is an object that defines the derivation algorithm to use:

for HKDF,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to HKDF

hash is a string with the digest algorithm to use:
SHA-1,
SHA-256,
SHA-384, or
SHA-512

salt is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
that represents random or pseudo-random value
with the same length as the output of the digest function.
Unlike the input key material passed into deriveKey(),
salt does not need to be kept secret.

info is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
that represents application-specific contextual information
used to bind the derived key to an application or context,
and enables deriving different keys for different contexts
while using the same input key material.
This property is required but may be an empty buffer.

for PBKDF2,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to PBKDF2

hash is a string with the digest algorithm to use:
SHA-1,
SHA-256,
SHA-384, or
SHA-512

salt is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
that represents random or pseudo-random value
of at least 16 bytes.
Unlike the input key material passed into deriveKey(),
salt does not need to be kept secret.

iterations is a number
that represents the number of times the hash function will be executed
in deriveKey()

for ECDH,
pass the object with the following keys
(since 0.9.1):

name is a string,
should be set to ECDH

public is a CryptoKey
that represents the public key of the other party.
The key must be generated using the same curve as the base key.

for X25519,
pass the object with the following keys
(since 0.9.7):

name is a string,
should be set to X25519

public is a CryptoKey
that represents the public key of the other party

baseKey

is a CryptoKey
that represents the input to the derivation algorithm
- the initial key material for the derivation function:
for example, for PBKDF2 it might be a password,
imported as a CryptoKey using
сrypto.subtle.importKey()

length

is a number representing the number of bits to derive.
For browsers compatibility,
the number should be a multiple of 8

сrypto.subtle.deriveKey(algorithm,
baseKey,
derivedKeyAlgorithm,
extractable,
keyUsages)

Derives a secret key from a master key.
Possible values:

algorithm

is an object that defines the derivation algorithm to use:

for HKDF,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to HKDF

hash is a string with the digest algorithm to use:
SHA-1,
SHA-256,
SHA-384, or
SHA-512

salt is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
that represents random or pseudo-random value
with the same length as the output of the digest function.
Unlike the input key material passed into deriveKey(),
salt does not need to be kept secret.

info is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
that represents application-specific contextual information
used to bind the derived key to an application or context,
and enables deriving different keys for different contexts
while using the same input key material.
This property is required but may be an empty buffer.

for PBKDF2,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to PBKDF2

hash is a string with the digest algorithm to use:
SHA-1,
SHA-256,
SHA-384, or
SHA-512

salt is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
that represents random or pseudo-random value
of at least 16 bytes.
Unlike the input key material passed into deriveKey(),
salt does not need to be kept secret.

iterations is a number
that represents the number of times the hash function will be executed
in deriveKey()

for ECDH,
pass the object with the following keys
(since 0.9.1):

name is a string,
should be set to ECDH

public is a CryptoKey
that represents the public key of the other party.
The key must be generated using the same curve as the base key.

for X25519,
pass the object with the following keys
(since 0.9.7):

name is a string,
should be set to X25519

public is a CryptoKey
that represents the public key of the other party

baseKey

is a CryptoKey
that represents the input to the derivation algorithm
- the initial key material for the derivation function:
for example, for PBKDF2 it might be a password,
imported as a CryptoKey using
сrypto.subtle.importKey().

derivedKeyAlgorithm

is an object
that defines the algorithm the derived key will be used for:

for HMAC,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to HMAC

hash is a string with the name of the digest function to use:
SHA-1,
SHA-256,
SHA-384, or
SHA-512

length (optional) is a number
that represents the length in bits of the key.
If not specified, the length of the key is equal to
the block size of the chozen hash function

for
AES-CTR,
AES-CBC,
AES-GCM, or
AES-KW
(since 0.9.7),
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string,
should be set to
AES-CTR,
AES-CBC,
AES-GCM, or
AES-KW,
depending on the algorithm used

length is a number that represents
the length in bits of the key to generate:
128,
192, or
256

extractable

is a boolean value
that indicates whether it will be possible to export the key

keyUsages

is an Array
that indicates what can be done with the derived key.
The key usages must be allowed by the algorithm
set in derivedKeyAlgorithm.
Possible values:

encrypt

key for encrypting messages

decrypt

key for decrypting messages

sign

key for signing messages

verify

key for verifying signatures

deriveKey

key for deriving a new key

deriveBits

key for deriving bits

wrapKey

key for wrapping a key

unwrapKey

key for unwrapping a key

сrypto.subtle.digest(algorithm,
data)

Generates a digest of the given data.
Takes as its arguments an identifier for the digest algorithm to use
and the data to digest.
Returns a Promise which will be fulfilled with the digest.
Possible values:

algorithm

is a string that defines the hash function to use:
SHA-1 (not for cryptographic applications),
SHA-256,
SHA-384, or
SHA-512

data

is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
that contains the data to be digested

сrypto.subtle.exportKey(format,
key)

Exports a key: takes a key as
a CryptoKey object
and returns the key in an external, portable format
(since 0.7.10).
If the format was jwk,
then the Promise fulfills with a JSON object
containing the key.
Otherwise, the promise fulfills with an
ArrayBuffer containing the key.
Possible values:

format

a string that describes the data format in which the key should be exported,
can be the following:

raw

the raw data format

pkcs8

the
PKCS #8
format

spki

the
SubjectPublicKeyInfo
format

jwk

the
JSON Web Key
(JWK) format (since 0.7.10)

key

the CryptoKey
that contains the key to be exported

сrypto.subtle.generateKey(algorithm,
extractable,
usage)

Generates a new key for symmetric algorithms
or key pair for public-key algorithms
(since 0.7.10).
Returns a Promise that fulfills with the generated key
as
a CryptoKey
or CryptoKeyPair object.
Possible values:

algorithm

a dictionary object that defines the type of key to generate
and provides extra algorithm-specific parameters:

for
RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5,
RSA-PSS, or
RSA-OAEP,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string, should be set to
RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5,
RSA-PSS, or
RSA-OAEP,
depending on the used algorithm

hash is a string that represents
the name of the digest function to use, can be
SHA-256,
SHA-384, or
SHA-512

for
ECDSA,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string, should be set to ECDSA

namedCurve is a string that represents
the name of the elliptic curve to use, may be
P-256,
P-384, or
P-521

for
HMAC,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string, should be set to HMAC

hash is a string that represents
the name of the digest function to use, can be
SHA-256,
SHA-384, or
SHA-512

length (optional) is a number that represents
the length in bits of the key.
If omitted, the length of the key is equal to the length of the digest
generated by the chosen digest function.

for
AES-CTR,
AES-CBC,
AES-GCM, or
AES-KW
(since 0.9.7),
pass the string identifying the algorithm or an object
of the form { "name": "ALGORITHM" },
where ALGORITHM is the name of the algorithm

for
ECDH,
pass the object with the following keys
(since 0.9.1):

name is a string, should be set to ECDH

namedCurve is a string that represents
the name of the elliptic curve to use, may be
P-256,
P-384, or
P-521

for Ed25519,
pass the Ed25519 string
or an object of the form { "name": "Ed25519" }
(since 0.9.7)

for X25519,
pass the X25519 string
or an object of the form { "name": "X25519" }
(since 0.9.7)

extractable

boolean value that indicates if it is possible to export the key

usage

an array that indicates possible actions with the key:

encrypt

key for encrypting messages

decrypt

key for decrypting messages

sign

key for signing messages

verify

key for verifying signatures

deriveKey

key for deriving a new key

deriveBits

key for deriving bits

wrapKey

key for wrapping a key

unwrapKey

key for unwrapping a key

сrypto.subtle.importKey(format,
keyData,
algorithm,
extractable,
keyUsages)

Imports a key: takes as input a key in an external, portable format
and gives a CryptoKey object.
Returns a Promise that fulfills with the imported key
as a CryptoKey object.
Possible values:

format

a string that describes the data format of the key to import,
can be the following:

raw

the raw data format

pkcs8

the
PKCS #8
format

spki

the
SubjectPublicKeyInfo
format

jwk

the
JSON Web Key
(JWK) format (since 0.7.10)

keyData

the
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
object that contains the key in the given format

algorithm

a dictionary object that defines the type of key to import
and provides extra algorithm-specific parameters:

for
RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5,
RSA-PSS, or
RSA-OAEP,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string, should be set to
RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5,
RSA-PSS, or
RSA-OAEP,
depending on the used algorithm

hash is a string that represents
the name of the digest function to use, can be
SHA-1,
SHA-256,
SHA-384, or
SHA-512

for
ECDSA,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string, should be set to ECDSA

namedCurve is a string that represents
the name of the elliptic curve to use, may be
P-256,
P-384, or
P-521

for
HMAC,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string, should be set to HMAC

hash is a string that represents
the name of the digest function to use, can be
SHA-256,
SHA-384, or
SHA-512

length (optional) is a number that represents
the length in bits of the key.
If omitted, the length of the key is equal to the length of the digest
generated by the chosen digest function.

for
AES-CTR,
AES-CBC,
AES-GCM, or
AES-KW
(since 0.9.7),
pass the string identifying the algorithm or an object
of the form { "name": "ALGORITHM" },
where ALGORITHM is the name of the algorithm

for
PBKDF2,
pass the PBKDF2 string

for
HKDF,
pass the HKDF string

for
ECDH,
pass the object with the following keys
(since 0.9.1):

name is a string, should be set to ECDH

namedCurve is a string that represents
the name of the elliptic curve to use, may be
P-256,
P-384, or
P-521

for Ed25519,
pass the Ed25519 string
or an object of the form { "name": "Ed25519" }
(since 0.9.7)

for X25519,
pass the X25519 string
or an object of the form { "name": "X25519" }
(since 0.9.7)

extractable

boolean value that indicates if it is possible to export the key

keyUsages

an array that indicates possible actions with the key:

encrypt

key for encrypting messages

decrypt

key for decrypting messages

sign

key for signing messages

verify

key for verifying signatures

deriveKey

key for deriving a new key

deriveBits

key for deriving bits

wrapKey

key for wrapping a key

unwrapKey

key for unwrapping a key

сrypto.subtle.sign(algorithm,
key,
data)

Returns signature as a Promise
that fulfills with an ArrayBuffer containing the signature.
Possible values:

algorithm

is a string or object that specifies the signature algorithm to use
and its parameters:

for RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5,
pass the string identifying the algorithm or an object
of the form { "name": "ALGORITHM" }

for RSA-PSS,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string, should be set to
RSA-PSS

saltLength is a long integer
that represents the length of the random salt to use, in bytes

for ECDSA,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string, should be set to
ECDSA

hash is an identifier for the digest algorithm to use,
can be
SHA-256,
SHA-384, or
SHA-512

for HMAC,
pass the string identifying the algorithm or an object
of the form { "name": "ALGORITHM" }

for Ed25519,
pass the Ed25519 string
or an object of the form { "name": "Ed25519" }
(since 0.9.7)

key

is a CryptoKey object
that the key to be used for signing.
If algorithm identifies a public-key cryptosystem, this is the private key.

data

is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
object that contains the data to be signed

сrypto.subtle.verify(algorithm,
key,
signature,
data)

Verifies a digital signature,
returns a Promise that fulfills with a boolean value:
true if the signature is valid,
otherwise false.
Possible values:

algorithm

is a string or object that specifies the algorithm to use
and its parameters:

for RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5,
pass the string identifying the algorithm or an object
of the form { "name": "ALGORITHM" }

for RSA-PSS,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string, should be set to
RSA-PSS

saltLength is a long integer
that represents the length of the random salt to use, in bytes

for ECDSA,
pass the object with the following keys:

name is a string, should be set to
ECDSA

hash is an identifier for the digest algorithm to use,
can be
SHA-256,
SHA-384, or
SHA-512

for HMAC,
pass the string identifying the algorithm or an object
of the form { "name": "ALGORITHM" }

for Ed25519,
pass the Ed25519 string
or an object of the form { "name": "Ed25519" }
(since 0.9.7)

key

is a CryptoKey object
that the key to be used for verifying.
It is the secret key for a symmetric algorithm
and the public key for a public-key system.

signature

is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
that contains the signature to verify

data

is an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
object that contains the data whose signature is to be verified

сrypto.subtle.wrapKey(format,
key,
wrappingKey,
wrapAlgorithm)

Wraps a key: exports a key in an external, portable format,
then encrypts the exported key
(since 0.9.7).
Returns a Promise that fulfills with
an ArrayBuffer containing the encrypted exported key.
Possible values:

format

a string that describes the data format of the key to export
before it is encrypted,
can be the following:

raw

the raw data format

pkcs8

the
PKCS #8
format

spki

the
SubjectPublicKeyInfo
format

jwk

the
JSON Web Key
(JWK) format

key

a CryptoKey
that contains the key to be wrapped.
The key must have
CryptoKey.extractable
set to true.

wrappingKey

a CryptoKey
that contains the key used to encrypt the exported key.
The key must have the wrapKey usage set.

wrapAlgorithm

an object that specifies the algorithm to be used
to encrypt the exported key, and any extra parameters as required:

for AES-CBC,
AES-CTR, or
AES-GCM,
pass the corresponding algorithm parameters
as described in
сrypto.subtle.encrypt()

for AES-KW,
pass the AES-KW string
or an object of the form { "name": "AES-KW" }

for RSA-OAEP,
pass the corresponding algorithm parameters
as described in
сrypto.subtle.encrypt()

сrypto.subtle.unwrapKey(format,
wrappedKey,
unwrappingKey,
unwrapAlgorithm,
unwrappedKeyAlgorithm,
extractable,
keyUsages)

Unwraps a key: decrypts a wrapped key
and creates a CryptoKey object
from the result
(since 0.9.7).
Returns a Promise that fulfills with
the unwrapped key as a CryptoKey.
Possible values:

format

a string that describes the data format of the key
that was wrapped,
can be the following:

raw

the raw data format

pkcs8

the
PKCS #8
format

spki

the
SubjectPublicKeyInfo
format

jwk

the
JSON Web Key
(JWK) format

wrappedKey

an
ArrayBuffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView
that contains the wrapped key in the given format

unwrappingKey

a CryptoKey
that contains the key used to decrypt the wrapped key.
The key must have the unwrapKey usage set.

unwrapAlgorithm

an object that specifies the algorithm to be used
to decrypt the wrapped key, and any extra parameters as required:

for AES-CBC,
AES-CTR, or
AES-GCM,
pass the corresponding algorithm parameters
as described in
сrypto.subtle.encrypt()

for AES-KW,
pass the AES-KW string
or an object of the form { "name": "AES-KW" }

for RSA-OAEP,
pass the corresponding algorithm parameters
as described in
сrypto.subtle.encrypt()

unwrappedKeyAlgorithm

a dictionary object that defines the type of key to unwrap
and provides extra algorithm-specific parameters.
The same algorithm descriptions as in
сrypto.subtle.importKey()
apply.

extractable

boolean value that indicates if it is possible to export the key

keyUsages

an array that indicates possible actions with the key:

encrypt

key for encrypting messages

decrypt

key for decrypting messages

sign

key for signing messages

verify

key for verifying signatures

deriveKey

key for deriving a new key

deriveBits

key for deriving bits

wrapKey

key for wrapping a key

unwrapKey

key for unwrapping a key

CryptoKey

CryptoKey.algorithm

CryptoKey.extractable

CryptoKey.type

CryptoKey.usages

The CryptoKey object
represents a cryptographic key obtained
from one of the SubtleCrypto methods:
сrypto.subtle.generateKey(),
сrypto.subtle.deriveKey(),
сrypto.subtle.importKey().

CryptoKey.algorithm

returns an object describing the algorithm for which this key can be used
and any associated extra parameters
(since 0.8.0),
read-only

CryptoKey.extractable

a boolean value, true if the key can be exported
(since 0.8.0),
read-only

CryptoKey.type

a string value that indicates which kind of key is represented by the object,
read-only.
Possible values:

secret

This key is a secret key for use with a symmetric algorithm.

private

This key is the private half of an asymmetric algorithm's
CryptoKeyPair

public

This key is the public half of an asymmetric algorithm's
CryptoKeyPair.

CryptoKey.usages

An array of strings indicating what this key can be used for
(since 0.8.0),
read-only.
Possible array values:

encrypt

key for encrypting messages

decrypt

key for decrypting messages

sign

key for signing messages

verify

key for verifying signatures

deriveKey

key for deriving a new key

deriveBits

key for deriving bits

CryptoKeyPair

CryptoKeyPair.privateKey

CryptoKeyPair.publicKey

The CryptoKeyPair is a dictionary object
of the WebCrypto API
that represents an asymmetric key pair.

CryptoKeyPair.privateKey

A CryptoKey object
representing the private key.

CryptoKeyPair.publicKey

A CryptoKey object
representing the public key.

njs

njs.version

njs.version_number

njs.dump()

njs.memoryStats

njs.on()

The njs object is a global object
that represents the current VM instance
(since 0.2.0).

njs.version

Returns a string with the current version of njs
(for example, “0.7.4”).

njs.version_number

Returns a number with the current version of njs.
For example, “0.7.4” is returned as 0x000704
(since 0.7.4).

njs.dump(value)

Returns the pretty-print string representation for a value.

njs.memoryStats

Object containing memory statistics for current VM instance
(since 0.7.8).

size

amount of memory in bytes njs memory pool claimed from the operating system.

njs.on(event,
callback)

Registers a callback for the specified VM event
(since 0.5.2).
An event may be one of the following strings:

exit

is called before the VM is destroyed.
The callback is called without arguments.

process

process.argv

process.env

process.kill()

process.pid

process.ppid

The process object is a global object
that provides information about the current process
(0.3.3).

process.argv

Returns an array that contains the command line arguments
passed when the current process was launched.

process.env

Returns an object containing the user environment.

By default, nginx removes all environment variables inherited
from its parent process except the TZ variable.
Use the env directive
to preserve some of the inherited variables.

process.kill(pid,
number | string)

Sends the signal to the process identified by pid.
Signal names are numbers or strings such as 'SIGINT' or 'SIGHUP'.
See kill(2)
for more information.

process.pid

Returns the PID of the current process.

process.ppid

Returns the PID of the current parent process.

String

By default all strings in njs are Unicode strings.
They correspond to ECMAScript strings that contain Unicode characters.
Before 0.8.0,
byte strings were also supported.

Byte strings

Since 0.8.0,
the support for byte strings and byte string methods were removed.
When working with byte sequence,
the Buffer object
and Buffer properties, such as
r.requestBuffer,
r.rawVariables,
should be used.

Byte strings contain a sequence of bytes
and are used to serialize Unicode strings
to external data and deserialize from external sources.
For example, the toUTF8() method serializes
a Unicode string to a byte string using UTF-8 encoding:

>> '£'.toUTF8().toString('hex')
'c2a3' /* C2 A3 is the UTF-8 representation of 00A3 ('£') code point */

The toBytes() method serializes
a Unicode string with code points up to 255 into a byte string,
otherwise, null is returned:

>> '£'.toBytes().toString('hex')
'a3' /* a3 is a byte equal to 00A3 ('£') code point */

String.bytesFrom(array
| string, encoding)

The method was made obsolete in
0.4.4
and was removed in 0.8.0.
The Buffer.from method should be used instead:

>> Buffer.from([0x62, 0x75, 0x66, 0x66, 0x65, 0x72]).toString()
'buffer'

>> Buffer.from('YnVmZmVy', 'base64').toString()
'buffer'

Before 0.4.4,
created a byte string either from an array that contained octets,
or from an encoded string
(0.2.3),
the encoding could be
hex,
base64, and
base64url.

String.prototype.fromBytes(start[,
end])

the property was made obsolete in
0.7.7
and was removed in 0.8.0.
Before 0.7.7,
returned a new Unicode string from a byte string
where each byte was replaced with a corresponding Unicode code point.

String.prototype.fromUTF8(start[,
end])

the property was made obsolete in
0.7.7
and was removed in 0.8.0.
The TextDecoder method
should be used instead.
Before 0.7.7,
converted a byte string containing a valid UTF-8 string
into a Unicode string,
otherwise null was returned.

String.prototype.toBytes(start[,
end])

the property was made obsolete in
0.7.7
and was removed in 0.8.0.
Before 0.7.7,
serialized a Unicode string to a byte string,
returned null if a character larger than 255 was
found in the string.

String.prototype.toString(encoding)

the property was made obsolete in
0.7.7
and was removed in 0.8.0.
Before 0.7.7,
encoded a string to
hex,
base64, or
base64url:

>> 'αβγδ'.toString('base64url')
'zrHOss6zzrQ'

Before version 0.4.3,
only a byte string could be encoded:

>> 'αβγδ'.toUTF8().toString('base64url')
'zrHOss6zzrQ'

String.prototype.toUTF8(start[,
end])

the property was made obsolete in
0.7.7
and was removed in 0.8.0.
The TextEncoder method
should be used instead.
Before 0.7.7,
serialized a Unicode string
to a byte string using UTF-8 encoding:

>> 'αβγδ'.toUTF8().length
8
>> 'αβγδ'.length
4

web API

Text Decoder

TextDecoder()

TextDecoder.prototype.encoding

TextDecoder.prototype.fatal

TextDecoder.prototype.ignoreBOM

TextDecoder.prototype.decode()

The TextDecoder
produces a stream of code points
from a stream of bytes
(0.4.3).

TextDecoder([[encoding],
options])

Creates a new TextDecoder object
for specified encoding,
currently, only UTF-8 is supported.
The options is
TextDecoderOptions dictionary with the property:

fatal

boolean flag indicating if
TextDecoder.decode()
must throw the TypeError exception when
a coding error is found, by default is false.

TextDecoder.prototype.encoding

Returns a string with the name of the encoding used by
TextDecoder(),
read-only.

TextDecoder.prototype.fatal

boolean flag, true if
the error mode is fatal,
read-only.

TextDecoder.prototype.ignoreBOM

boolean flag, true if
the byte order marker is ignored,
read-only.

TextDecoder.prototype.decode(buffer,
[options])

Returns a string with the text
decoded from the buffer by
TextDecoder().
The buffer can be ArrayBuffer.
The options is
TextDecodeOptions dictionary with the property:

stream

boolean flag indicating if
additional data will follow in subsequent calls to decode():
true if processing the data in chunks, and
false for the final chunk
or if the data is not chunked.
By default is false.

>> (new TextDecoder()).decode(new Uint8Array([206,177,206,178]))
αβ

Text Encoder

TextEncoder()

TextEncoder.prototype.encode()

TextEncoder.prototype.encodeInto()

The TextEncoder object
produces a byte stream with UTF-8 encoding
from a stream of code points
(0.4.3).

TextEncoder()

Returns a newly constructed TextEncoder
that will generate a byte stream with UTF-8 encoding.

TextEncoder.prototype.encode(string)

Encodes string into a Uint8Array
with UTF-8 encoded text.

TextEncoder.prototype.encodeInto(string,
uint8Array)

Encodes a string to UTF-8,
puts the result into destination Uint8Array, and
returns a dictionary object that shows the progress of the encoding.
The dictionary object contains two members:

read

the number of UTF-16 units of code from the source string
converted to UTF-8

written

the number of bytes modified in the destination Uint8Array

timers

clearTimeout()

setTimeout()

clearTimeout(timeout)

Cancels a timeout object
created by setTimeout().

setTimeout(function,
milliseconds[,
argument1,
argumentN])

Calls a function
after a specified number of milliseconds.
One or more optional arguments
can be passed to the specified function.
Returns a timeout object.

function handler(v)
{
// ...
}

t = setTimeout(handler, 12);

// ...

clearTimeout(t);

Global functions

atob()

btoa()

atob(encodedData)

Decodes a string of data which has been encoded
using Base64 encoding.
The encodedData parameter is a binary string
that contains Base64-encoded data.
Returns a string that contains decoded data from encodedData.

The similar btoa() method
can be used to encode and transmit data
which may otherwise cause communication problems,
then transmit it and use the atob() method
to decode the data again.
For example, you can encode, transmit, and decode control characters
such as ASCII values 0 through 31.

const encodedData = btoa("text to encode"); // encode a string
const decodedData = atob(encodedData); // decode the string

btoa(stringToEncode)

Creates a Base64-encoded ASCII string from a binary string.
The stringToEncode parameter is a binary string to encode.
Returns an ASCII string containing the Base64 representation of
stringToEncode.

The method can be used to encode data
which may otherwise cause communication problems, transmit it,
then use the atob() method
to decode the data again.
For example, you can encode control characters
such as ASCII values 0 through 31.

const encodedData = btoa("text to encode"); // encode a string
const decodedData = atob(encodedData); // decode the string

built-in modules

Buffer

Buffer.alloc()

Buffer.allocUnsafe()

Buffer.byteLength()

Buffer.compare()

Buffer.concat()

Buffer.from(array)

Buffer.from(arrayBuffer)

Buffer.from(buffer)

Buffer.from(object)

Buffer.from(string)

Buffer.isBuffer()

Buffer.isEncoding()

buffer[]

buf.buffer

buf.byteOffset

buf.compare()

buf.copy()

buf.equals()

buf.fill()

buf.includes()

buf.indexOf()

buf.lastIndexOf()

buf.length

buf.readIntBE()

buf.readIntLE()

buf.readUIntBE()

buf.readUIntLE()

buf.readDoubleBE

buf.readDoubleLE()

buf.readFloatBE()

buf.readFloatLE()

buf.subarray()

buf.slice()

buf.swap16()

buf.swap32()

buf.swap64()

buf.toJSON()

buf.toString()

buf.write()

buf.writeIntBE()

buf.writeIntLE()

buf.writeUIntBE()

buf.writeUIntLE()

buf.writeDoubleBE()

buf.writeDoubleLE()

buf.writeFloatBE()

buf.writeFloatLE()

Buffer.alloc(size[,
fill[,
encoding]]))

Allocates a new Buffer of a specified size.
If fill is not specified, the Buffer will be zero-filled.
If fill is specified,
the allocated Buffer will be initialized by calling
buf.fill(fill).
If fill and encoding are specified,
the allocated Buffer will be initialized by calling
buf.fill(fill,
encoding).

The fill parameter may be a
string,
Buffer,
Uint8Array, or
integer.

Buffer.allocUnsafe(size)

The same as
Buffer.alloc(),
with the difference that the memory allocated for the buffer is not initialized,
the contents of the new buffer is unknown and may contain sensitive data.

Buffer.byteLength(value[,
encoding])

Returns the byte length of a specified value,
when encoded using encoding.
The value can be a
string,
Buffer,
TypedArray,
DataView, or
ArrayBuffer.
If the value is a string,
the encoding parameter is its encoding, can be
utf8,
hex,
base64,
base64url;
by default is utf8.

Buffer.compare(buffer1,
buffer2)

Compares buffer1 with buffer2
when sorting arrays of Buffer instances.
Returns
0 if
buffer1 is the same as buffer2,
1 if
buffer2 should come before buffer1 when sorted, or
-1 if
buffer2 should come after buffer1 when sorted.

Buffer.concat(list[,
totalLength])

Returns a new Buffer
which is the result of concatenating all the Buffer instances in the list.
If there are no items in the list or the total length is 0,
a new zero-length Buffer is returned.
If totalLength is not specified,
it is calculated from the Buffer instances in list by adding their lengths.
If totalLength is specified,
it is coerced to an unsigned integer.
If the combined length of the Buffers in list exceeds
totalLength,
the result is truncated to totalLength.

Buffer.from(array)

Allocates a new Buffer using an array of bytes
in the range 0 – 255.
Array entries outside that range will be truncated.

Buffer.from(arrayBuffer,
byteOffset[,
length]])

Creates a view of the ArrayBuffer
without copying the underlying memory.
The optional byteOffset and length arguments
specify a memory range within the arrayBuffer
that will be shared by the Buffer.

Buffer.from(buffer)

Copies the passed buffer data onto a new Buffer instance.

Buffer.from(object[,
offsetOrEncoding[,
length]])

For objects whose valueOf() function
returns a value not strictly equal to object,
returns
Buffer.from(object.valueOf(),
offsetOrEncoding,
length).

Buffer.from(string[,
encoding])

Creates a new Buffer with a string.
The encoding parameter identifies the character encoding
to be used when converting a string into bytes.
The encoding can be
utf8,
hex,
base64,
base64url;
by default is utf8.

Buffer.isBuffer(object)

A boolean value,
returns true if object is a Buffer.

Buffer.isEncoding(encoding)

A boolean value,
returns true
if encoding is the name of a supported character encoding.

buffer[index]

The index operator that can be used to get and set the octet
at position index in buffer.
The values refer to individual bytes,
so the legal value range is between 0 and 255 (decimal).

buf.buffer

The underlying ArrayBuffer object
based on which this Buffer object is created.

buf.byteOffset

An integer,
specifying the byteOffset of the Buffers
underlying ArrayBuffer object.

buf.compare(target[,
targetStart[,
targetEnd[,
sourceStart[,
sourceEnd]]]])

Compares buffer with target and returns a number
indicating whether buffer comes before, after, or is the same
as target in sort order.
Comparison is based on the actual sequence of bytes in each Buffer.
The targetStart is an integer specifying
the offset within target at which to begin comparison,
by default is 0.
The targetEnd is an integer specifying
the offset within target at which to end comparison,
by default is target.length.
The sourceStart is an integer specifying
the offset within buffer at which to begin comparison,
by default is 0.
The sourceEnd is an integer specifying
the offset within buffer at which to end comparison (not inclusive),
by default is buf.length.

buf.copy(target[,
targetStart[,
sourceStart[,
sourceEnd]]])

Copies data from a region of buffer to a region in target,
even if the target memory region overlaps with buffer.
The target parameter is a
Buffer or Uint8Array to copy into.

The targetStart is an integer specifying
the offset within target at which to begin writing,
by default is 0.
The sourceStart is an integer specifying
the offset within buffer from which to begin copying,
by default is 0.
The sourceEnd is an integer specifying
the offset within buffer at which to stop copying (not inclusive)
by default is buf.length.

buf.equals(otherBuffer)

A boolean value,
returns true if both Buffer and otherBuffer
have exactly the same bytes.

buf.fill(value[,
offset[,
end]][,
encoding])

Fills the Buffer with the specified value.
If the offset and end are not specified,
the entire Buffer will be filled.
The value is coerced to uint32 if it is not a
string,
Buffer, or
integer.
If the resulting integer is greater than 255,
the Buffer will be filled with value and 255.

buf.includes(value[,
byteOffset][,
encoding])

Equivalent to
buf.indexOf()
!== -1,
returns true if the value was found
in Buffer.

buf.indexOf(value[,
byteOffset][,
encoding])

Returns an integer which is the index of the first occurrence of
value in Buffer, or -1
if Buffer does not contain value.
The value can be a
string with specified encoding
(by default utf8),
Buffer,
Unit8Array,
or a number between 0 and 255.

buf.lastIndexOf(value[,
byteOffset][,
encoding])

The same as
buf.indexOf(),
except the last occurrence of the value is found
instead of the first occurrence.
The value can be a string, Buffer, or
integer between 1 and 255.
If the value is an empty string or empty Buffer,
byteOffset will be returned.

buf.length

Returns the number of bytes in Buffer.

buf.readIntBE(offset,
byteLength)

Reads the byteLength from buf
at the specified offset
and interprets the result as a big-endian,
two's complement signed value supporting up to 48 bits of accuracy.
The byteLength parameter is an integer between 1 and 6
specifying the number of bytes to read.

The similar methods are also supported:
buf.readInt8([offset]),
buf.readInt16BE([offset]),
buf.readInt32BE([offset]).

buf.readIntLE(offset,
byteLength)

Reads the byteLength from buf
at the specified offset
and interprets the result as a little-endian,
two's complement signed value supporting up to 48 bits of accuracy.
The byteLength parameter is an integer between 1 and 6
specifying the number of bytes to read.

The similar methods are also supported:
buf.readInt8([offset]),
buf.readInt16LE([offset]),
buf.readInt32LE([offset]).

buf.readUIntBE(offset,
byteLength)

Reads the byteLength from buf
at the specified offset
and interprets the result as a big-endian
integer supporting up to 48 bits of accuracy.
The byteLength parameter is an integer between 1 and 6
specifying the number of bytes to read.

The similar methods are also supported:
buf.readUInt8([offset]),
buf.readUInt16BE([offset]),
buf.readUInt32BE([offset]).

buf.readUIntLE(offset,
byteLength)

Reads the byteLength from buf
at the specified offset
and interprets the result as a little-endian
integer supporting up to 48 bits of accuracy.
The byteLength parameter is an integer between 1 and 6
specifying the number of bytes to read.

The similar methods are also supported:
buf.readUInt8([offset]),
buf.readUInt16LE([offset]),
buf.readUInt32LE([offset]).

buf.readDoubleBE([offset])

Reads a 64-bit, big-endian double from buf
at the specified offset.

buf.readDoubleLE([offset])

Reads a 64-bit, little-endian double from buf
at the specified offset.

buf.readFloatBE([offset])

Reads a 32-bit, big-endian float from buf
at the specified offset.

buf.readFloatLE([offset])

Reads a 32-bit, little-endian float from buf
at the specified offset.

buf.subarray([start[,
end]])

Returns a new buf
that references the same memory as the original,
but offset and cropped by
start and end.
If end is greater than
buf.length,
the same result as that of end equal to
buf.length
is returned.

buf.slice([start[,
end]])

Returns a new buf
that references the same memory as the original,
but offset and cropped by the
start and end values.
The method is not compatible with the
Uint8Array.prototype.slice(),
which is a superclass of Buffer.
To copy the slice, use
Uint8Array.prototype.slice().

buf.swap16()

Interprets buf as an array of unsigned 16-bit numbers
and swaps the byte order in-place.
Throws an error if
buf.length
is not a multiple of 2.

buf.swap32()

Interprets buf as an array of unsigned 32-bit numbers
and swaps the byte order in-place.
Throws an error if
buf.length
is not a multiple of 4.

buf.swap64()

Interprets buf as an array of 64-bit numbers
and swaps byte order in-place.
Throws an error if
buf.length
is not a multiple of 8.

buf.toJSON()

Returns a JSON representation of buf.
JSON.stringify()
implicitly calls this function when stringifying a Buffer instance.

buf.toString([encoding[,
start[,
end]]])

Decodes buf to a string
according to the specified character encoding
which can be utf8,
hex,
base64,
base64url.
The start and end parameters
may be passed to decode only a subset of Buffer.

buf.write(string[,
offset[,
length]][,
encoding])

Writes a string to buf
at offset
according to the character encoding.
The length parameter is the number of bytes to write.
If Buffer did not contain enough space to fit the entire string,
only part of string will be written,
however, partially encoded characters will not be written.
The encoding can be
utf8,
hex,
base64,
base64url.

buf.writeIntBE(value,
offset,
byteLength)

Writes byteLength bytes of value
to buf
at the specified offset as big-endian.
Supports up to 48 bits of accuracy.
The byteLength parameter is an integer between 1 and 6
specifying the number of bytes to read.

The following similar methods are also supported:
buf.writeInt8,
buf.writeInt16BE,
buf.writeInt32BE.

buf.writeIntLE(value,
offset,
byteLength)

Writes byteLength bytes of value
to buf
at the specified offset as little-endian.
Supports up to 48 bits of accuracy.
The byteLength parameter is an integer between 1 and 6
specifying the number of bytes to read.

The following similar methods are also supported:
buf.writeInt8,
buf.writeInt16LE,
buf.writeInt32LE.

buf.writeUIntBE(value,
offset,
byteLength)

Writes byteLength bytes of value
to buf
at the specified offset as big-endian.
Supports up to 48 bits of accuracy.
The byteLength parameter is an integer between 1 and 6
specifying the number of bytes to read.

The following similar methods are also supported:
buf.writeUInt8,
buf.writeUInt16BE,
buf.writeUInt32BE.

buf.writeUIntLE(value,
offset,
byteLength)

Writes byteLength bytes of value
to buf
at the specified offset as little-endian.
Supports up to 48 bits of accuracy.
The byteLength parameter is an integer between 1 and 6
specifying the number of bytes to read.

The following similar methods are also supported:
buf.writeUInt8,
buf.writeUInt16LE,
buf.writeUInt32LE.

buf.writeDoubleBE(value,
[offset])

Writes the value to buf
at the specified offset as big-endian.

buf.writeDoubleLE(value,
[offset])

Writes the value to buf
at the specified offset as little-endian.

buf.writeFloatBE(value,
[offset])

Writes the value to buf
at the specified offset as big-endian.

buf.writeFloatLE(value,
[offset])

Writes the value to buf
at the specified offset as little-endian.

Crypto

crypto.createHash()

crypto.createHmac()

Since 0.7.0,
extended crypto API is available as a global
crypto object.

The Crypto module provides cryptographic functionality support.
The Crypto module object is imported using import crypto from 'crypto'.

Since 0.9.7,
the Crypto module requires OpenSSL
and uses OpenSSL EVP for hashing,
making any digest algorithm supported by the linked OpenSSL library
available to JavaScript code.

crypto.createHash(algorithm)

Creates and returns a Hash object
that can be used to generate hash digests
using the given algorithm.
The algorithm can be
md5,
sha1,
sha256,
sha384,
sha512,
and any other digest supported by the linked OpenSSL library
(since 0.9.7).
Before version 0.9.7,
only md5, sha1,
and sha256 were supported.

crypto.createHmac(algorithm,
secret key)

Creates and returns an HMAC object that uses
the given algorithm and secret key.
The algorithm can be
md5,
sha1,
sha256,
sha384,
sha512,
and any other digest supported by the linked OpenSSL library
(since 0.9.7).
Before version 0.9.7,
only md5, sha1,
and sha256 were supported.

Hash

hash.update()

hash.digest()

hash.update(data)

Updates the hash content with the given data.

hash.digest([encoding])

Calculates the digest of all of the data passed using
hash.update().
The encoding can be
hex,
base64, and
base64url.
If encoding is not provided, a Buffer object
(0.4.4) is returned.

Before version (0.4.4),
a byte string was returned instead of a Buffer object.

hash.copy()

Makes a copy of the current state of the hash
(since 0.7.12).

import crypto from 'crypto';

crypto.createHash('sha1').update('A').update('B').digest('base64url');
/* BtlFlCqiamG-GMPiK_GbvKjdK10 */

HMAC

hmac.update()

hmac.digest()

hmac.update(data)

Updates the HMAC content with the given data.

hmac.digest([encoding])

Calculates the HMAC digest of all of the data passed using
hmac.update().
The encoding can be
hex,
base64, and
base64url.
If encoding is not provided, a Buffer object
(0.4.4) is returned.

Before version 0.4.4,
a byte string was returned instead of a Buffer object.

import crypto from 'crypto';

crypto.createHmac('sha1', 'secret.key').update('AB').digest('base64url');
/* Oglm93xn23_MkiaEq_e9u8zk374 */

File System

fs.accessSync()

fs.appendFileSync()

fs.closeSync()

fs.existsSync()

fs.fstatSync()

fs.lstatSync()

fs.mkdirSync()

fs.openSync()

fs.promises.open()

fs.readdirSync()

fs.readFileSync()

fs.readlinkSync()

fs.readSync()

fs.realpathSync()

fs.renameSync()

fs.rmdirSync()

fs.statSync()

fs.symlinkSync()

fs.unlinkSync()

fs.writeFileSync()

fs.writeSync()

fs.writeSync()

fs.Dirent

fs.FileHandle

fs.Stats

File Access Constants

File System Flags

The File System module provides operations with files.

The module object is imported using import fs from 'fs'.
Since 0.3.9,
promissified versions of file system methods are available through
fs.promises object after importing with import fs from 'fs':

import fs from 'fs';

fs.promises.readFile("/file/path").then((data) => {
/* <file data> */
});

accessSync(path[,
mode])

Synchronously tests permissions for a file or directory
specified in the path
(0.3.9).
If the check fails, an error will be returned,
otherwise, the method will return undefined.

mode

an optional integer
that specifies the accessibility checks to be performed,
by default is fs.constants.F_OK

try {
fs.accessSync('/file/path', fs.constants.R_OK | fs.constants.W_OK);
console.log('has access');
} catch (e) {
console.log('no access');)
}

appendFileSync(filename,
data[, options])

Synchronously appends specified data
to a file with provided filename.
The data is expected to be a string
or a Buffer object (0.4.4).
If the file does not exist, it will be created.
The options parameter is expected to be
an object with the following keys:

mode

mode option, by default is 0o666

flag

file system flag,
by default is a

closeSync(fd)

Closes the fd file descriptor represented by an integer
used by the method.
Returns undefined.

existsSync(path)

Boolean value, returns
true if the specified path exists.
(0.8.2)

fstatSync(fd)

Retrieves the fs.Stats object
for the file descriptor
(0.7.7).
The fd parameter is an integer
representing the file descriptor used by the method.

lstatSync(path[,
options])

Synchronously retrieves
the fs.Stats object
for the symbolic link referred to by path
(0.7.1).
The options parameter is expected to be
an object with the following keys:

throwIfNoEntry

a boolean value which indicates
whether an exception is thrown if no file system entry exists,
rather than returning undefined,
by default is false.

mkdirSync(path[,
options])

Synchronously creates a directory at the specified path
(0.4.2).
The options parameter is expected to be an
integer that specifies
the mode,
or an object with the following keys:

mode

mode option, by default is 0o777.

openSync(path[,
flags[, mode]])

Returns an integer
representing the file descriptor for the opened file path
(0.7.7).

flags

file system flag,
by default is r

mode

mode option, by default is 0o666

promises.open(path[,
flags[, mode]])

Returns a FileHandle object
representing the opened file path
(0.7.7).

flags

file system flag,
by default is r

mode

mode option, by default is 0o666

readdirSync(path[,
options])

Synchronously reads the contents of a directory
at the specified path
(0.4.2).
The options parameter is expected to be
a string that specifies encoding
or an object with the following keys:

encoding

encoding, by default is utf8.
The encoding can be utf8 and buffer
(0.4.4).

withFileTypes

if set to true, the files array will contain
fs.Dirent objects,
by default is false.

readFileSync(filename[,
options])

Synchronously returns the contents of the file
with provided filename.
The options parameter holds
string that specifies encoding.
If an encoding is specified, a string is returned,
otherwise, a Buffer object
(0.4.4) is returned.

Before version 0.4.4,
a byte string was returned
if encoding was not specified.

Otherwise, options is expected to be
an object with the following keys:

encoding

encoding, by default is not specified.
The encoding can be utf8,
hex
(0.4.4),
base64
(0.4.4),
base64url
(0.4.4).

flag

file system flag,
by default is r

import fs from 'fs';

var file = fs.readFileSync('/file/path.tar.gz');
console.log(file.slice(0,2).toString('hex')) /* '1f8b' */

readlinkSync(path[,
options])

Synchronously gets the contents of the symbolic link path
using
readlink(2)
(0.8.7).
The options argument can be a string specifying an encoding,
or an object with encoding property
specifying the character encoding to use.
If the encoding is buffer,
the result is returned as a Buffer object,
otherwise as a string.

readSync(fd,
buffer, offset[,
length[, position]])

Reads the content of a file path using file descriptor fd,
returns the number of bytes read
(0.7.7).

buffer

the buffer value can be a
Buffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView

offset

is an integer representing
the position in buffer to write the data to

length

is an integer representing
the number of bytes to read

position

specifies where to begin reading from in the file,
the value can be
integer or
null,
by default is null.
If position is null,
data will be read from the current file position,
and the file position will be updated.
If position is an integer,
the file position will be unchanged

realpathSync(path[,
options])

Synchronously computes the canonical pathname by resolving
., .. and symbolic links using
realpath(3).
The options argument can be a string specifying an encoding,
or an object with an encoding property specifying the character encoding
to use for the path passed to the callback
(0.3.9).

renameSync(oldPath,
newPath)

Synchronously changes the name or location of a file from
oldPath to newPath
(0.3.4).

import fs from 'fs';

fs.renameSync('hello.txt', 'HelloWorld.txt');

rmdirSync(path)

Synchronously removes a directory at the specified path
(0.4.2).

statSync(path,[
options])

Synchronously retrieves
the fs.Stats object
for the specified path
(0.7.1).
The path can be a
string or
buffer.
The options parameter is expected to be
an object with the following keys:

throwIfNoEntry

a boolean value which indicates whether
an exception is thrown if no file system entry exists
rather than returning undefined,
by default is true.

symlinkSync(target,
path)

Synchronously creates the link called path
pointing to target using
symlink(2)
(0.3.9).
Relative targets are relative to the link’s parent directory.

unlinkSync(path)

Synchronously unlinks a file by path
(0.3.9).

writeFileSync(filename,
data[,
options])

Synchronously writes data to a file
with provided filename.
The data is expected to be a string
or a Buffer object (0.4.4).
If the file does not exist, it will be created,
if the file exists, it will be replaced.
The options parameter is expected to be
an object with the following keys:

mode

mode option, by default is 0o666

flag

file system flag,
by default is w

import fs from 'fs';

fs.writeFileSync('hello.txt', 'Hello world');

writeSync(fd,
buffer, offset[,
length[, position]])

Writes a buffer to a file using file descriptor,
returns the number of bytes written
(0.7.7).

fd

an integer representing the file descriptor

buffer

the buffer value can be a
Buffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView

offset

is an integer that determines
the part of the buffer to be written,
by default 0

length

is an integer specifying the number of bytes to write,
by default is an offset of
Buffer.byteLength

position

refers to the offset from the beginning of the file
where this data should be written,
can be an
integer or
null,
by default is null.
See also
pwrite(2).

writeSync(fd,
string[,
position[,
encoding]])

Writes a string to a file
using file descriptor fd,
returns the number of bytes written
(0.7.7).

fd

is an integer representing a file descriptor

position

refers to the offset from the beginning of the file
where this data should be written,
can be an
integer or
null, by default is null.
See also
pwrite(2)

encoding

is a string,
by default is utf8

fs.Dirent

fs.Dirent is a representation of a directory entry —
a file or a subdirectory.
When
readdirSync()
is called with the
withFileTypes
option,
the resulting array contains fs.Dirent objects.

dirent.isBlockDevice() — returns
true if the fs.Dirent object describes
a block device.

dirent.isCharacterDevice() — returns
true if the fs.Dirent object describes
a character device.

dirent.isDirectory() — returns
true if the fs.Dirent object describes
a file system directory.

dirent.isFIFO() — returns
true if the fs.Dirent object describes
a first-in-first-out (FIFO) pipe.

dirent.isFile() — returns
true if the fs.Dirent object describes
a regular file.

dirent.isSocket() — returns
true if the fs.Dirent object describes
a socket.

dirent.isSymbolicLink() — returns
true if the fs.Dirent object describes
a symbolic link.

dirent.name —
the name of the file fs.Dirent object refers to.

fs.FileHandle

filehandle.close()

filehandle.fd

filehandle.read()

filehandle.stat()

filehandle.write(buf)

filehandle.write(str)

The FileHandle object is an object wrapper
for a numeric file descriptor
(0.7.7).
Instances of the FileHandle object are created by the
fs.promises.open() method.
If a FileHandle is not closed using the
filehandle.close() method,
it will try to automatically close the file descriptor,
helping to prevent memory leaks.
Please do not rely on this behavior because it can be unreliable.
Instead, always explicitly close a FileHandle.

filehandle.close()

Closes the file handle after waiting for any pending operation on the handle
to complete.
Returns a promise, fulfills with undefined upon success.

filehandle.fd

The numeric file descriptor
managed by the FileHandle object.

filehandle.read(buffer,
offset[,
length[,
position]])

Reads data from the file and stores that in the given buffer.

buffer

a buffer that will be filled with the file data read,
the value can be a
Buffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView

offset

is an integer
representing the location in the buffer at which to start filling

length

is an integer
representing the number of bytes to read

position

the location where to begin reading data from the file,
the value can be
integer,
null.
If null, data will be read from the current file position
and the position will be updated.
If position is an integer,
the current file position will remain unchanged.

Returns a Promise which fulfills upon success
with an object with two properties:

bytesRead

is an integer representing the number of bytes read

buffer

is a reference to the passed argument in buffer, can be
Buffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView

filehandle.stat()

Fulfills with an
fs.Stats for the file,
returns a promise.

filehandle.write(buffer,
offset[,
length[,
position]])

Writes a buffer to the file.

buffer

the buffer value can be a
Buffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView

offset

is an integer representing
the start position from within buffer where the data to write begins

length

is an integer representing
the number of bytes from buffer to write, by default
is an offset of
Buffer.byteLength

position

the offset from the beginning of the file
where the data from buffer should be written,
can be an
integer or
null,
by default is null.
If position is not a number,
the data will be written at the current position.
See the POSIX
pwrite(2)
documentation for details.

Returns a Promise which is resolved with an object
containing two properties:

bytesWritten

is an integer representing the number of bytes written

buffer

a reference to the buffer written, can be a
Buffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView

It is unsafe to use filehandle.write() multiple times
on the same file without waiting for the promise to be resolved or rejected.

filehandle.write(string[,
position[,
encoding]])

Writes a string to the file.

position

the offset from the beginning of the file
where the data from buffer should be written,
can be an
integer or
null,
by default is null.
If position is not a number,
the data will be written at the current position.
See the POSIX
pwrite(2)
documentation for details.

encoding

the expected encoding of the string, by default utf8

Returns a Promise which is resolved with an object
containing two properties:

bytesWritten

is an integer representing the number of bytes written

buffer

a reference to the buffer written, can be a
Buffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView

It is unsafe to use filehandle.write() multiple times
on the same file without waiting for the promise to be resolved or rejected.

fs.Stats

The fs.Stats object provides information about a file.
The object is returned from
fs.statSync() and
fs.lstatSync().

stats.isBlockDevice() — returns
true if the fs.Stats object describes
a block device.

stats.isDirectory() — returns
true if the fs.Stats object describes
a file system directory.

stats.isFIFO() — returns
true if the fs.Stats object describes
a first-in-first-out (FIFO) pipe.

stats.isFile() — returns
true if the fs.Stats object describes
a regular file.

stats.isSocket() — returns
true if the fs.Stats object describes
a socket.

stats.isSymbolicLink() — returns
true if the fs.Stats object describes
a symbolic link.

stats.dev —
the numeric identifier of the device containing the file.

stats.ino —
the file system specific Inode number for the file.

stats.mode —
a bit-field describing the file type and mode.

stats.nlink —
the number of hard-links that exist for the file.

stats.uid —
the numeric user identifier of the user that owns the file (POSIX).

stats.gid —
the numeric group identifier of the group that owns the file (POSIX).

stats.rdev —
the numeric device identifier if the file represents a device.

stats.size —
the size of the file in bytes.

stats.blksize —
the file system block size for i/o operations.

stats.blocks —
the number of blocks allocated for this file.

stats.atimeMs —
the timestamp indicating the last time this file was accessed expressed
in milliseconds since the POSIX Epoch.

stats.mtimeMs —
the timestamp indicating the last time this file was modified expressed
in milliseconds since the POSIX Epoch.

stats.ctimeMs —
the timestamp indicating the last time this file was changed expressed
in milliseconds since the POSIX Epoch.

stats.birthtimeMs —
the timestamp indicating the creation time of this file expressed
in milliseconds since the POSIX Epoch.

stats.atime —
the timestamp indicating the last time this file was accessed.

stats.mtime —
the timestamp indicating the last time this file was modified.

stats.ctime —
the timestamp indicating the last time this file was changed.

stats.birthtime —
the timestamp indicating the creation time of this file.

File Access Constants

The access() method
can accept the following flags.
These flags are exported by fs.constants:

F_OK — indicates that the file
is visible to the calling process,
used by default if no mode is specified

R_OK — indicates that the file can be
read by the calling process

W_OK — indicates that the file can be
written by the calling process

X_OK — indicates that the file can be
executed by the calling process

File System Flags

The flag option can accept the following values:

a — open a file for appending.
The file is created if it does not exist

ax — the same as a
but fails if the file already exists

a+ — open a file for reading and appending.
If the file does not exist, it will be created

ax+ — the same as a+
but fails if the file already exists

as — open a file for appending
in synchronous mode.
If the file does not exist, it will be created

as+ — open a file for reading and appending
in synchronous mode.
If the file does not exist, it will be created

r — open a file for reading.
An exception occurs if the file does not exist

r+ — open a file for reading and writing.
An exception occurs if the file does not exist

rs+ — open a file for reading and writing
in synchronous mode.
Instructs the operating system to bypass the local file system cache

w — open a file for writing.
If the file does not exist, it will be created.
If the file exists, it will be replaced

wx — the same as w
but fails if the file already exists

w+ — open a file for reading and writing.
If the file does not exist, it will be created.
If the file exists, it will be replaced

wx+ — the same as w+
but fails if the file already exists

Query String

querystring.decode()

querystring.encode()

querystring.escape()

querystring.parse()

querystring.stringify()

querystring.unescape()

The Query String module provides support
for parsing and formatting URL query strings
(0.4.3).
The Query String module object is imported using
import qs from 'querystring'.

querystring.decode()

is an alias for
querystring.parse().

querystring.encode()

is an alias for
querystring.stringify().

querystring.escape(string)

Performs URL encoding of the given string,
returns an escaped query string.
The method is used by
querystring.stringify()
and should not be used directly.

querystring.parse(string[,
separator[,
equal[,
options]]])

Parses the query string URL and returns an object.

The separator parameter is a substring
for delimiting key and value pairs in the query string,
by default is “&”.

The equal parameter is a substring
for delimiting keys and values in the query string,
by default is “=”.

The options parameter is expected to be
an object with the following keys:

decodeURIComponent
function

Function used
to decode percent-encoded characters in the query string,
by default is
querystring.unescape()

maxKeys
number

the maximum number of keys to parse,
by default is 1000.
The 0 value removes limitations for counting keys.

By default, percent-encoded characters within the query string are assumed
to use the UTF-8 encoding,
invalid UTF-8 sequences will be replaced with
the U+FFFD replacement character.

For example, for the following query string

'foo=bar&abc=xyz&abc=123'

the output will be:

{
foo: 'bar',
abc: ['xyz', '123']
}

querystring.stringify(object[,
separator[,
equal[,
options]]])

Serializes an object and returns a URL query string.

The separator parameter is a substring
for delimiting key and value pairs in the query string,
by default is “&”.

The equal parameter is a substring
for delimiting keys and values in the query string,
by default is “=”.

The options parameter is expected to be
an object with the following keys:

encodeURIComponent
function

The function to use when converting
URL-unsafe characters to percent-encoding in the query string,
by default is
querystring.escape().

By default, characters that require percent-encoding within the query string
are encoded as UTF-8.
If other encoding is required, then
encodeURIComponent option should be specified.

For example, for the following command

querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar', baz: ['qux', 'quux'], 123: '' });

the query string will be:

'foo=bar&baz=qux&baz=quux&123='

querystring.unescape(string)

Performs decoding of URL percent-encoded characters
of the string,
returns an unescaped query string.
The method is used by
querystring.parse()
and should not be used directly.

XML

xml.parse()

xml.c14n()

xml.exclusiveC14n()

xml.serialize()

xml.serializeToString()

XMLDoc

XMLNode

XMLAttr

The XML module allows working with XML documents
(since 0.7.10).
The XML module object is imported using
import xml from 'xml'.

Example:

import xml from 'xml';

let data = `<note><to b="bar" a= "foo" >Tove</to><from>Jani</from></note>`;
let doc = xml.parse(data);

console.log(doc.note.to.$text) /* 'Tove' */
console.log(doc.note.to.$attr$b) /* 'bar' */
console.log(doc.note.$tags[1].$text) /* 'Jani' */

let dec = new TextDecoder();
let c14n = dec.decode(xml.exclusiveC14n(doc.note));
console.log(c14n) /* '<note><to a="foo" b="bar">Tove</to><from>Jani</from></note>' */

c14n = dec.decode(xml.exclusiveC14n(doc.note.to));
console.log(c14n) /* '<to a="foo" b="bar">Tove</to>' */

c14n = dec.decode(xml.exclusiveC14n(doc.note, doc.note.to /* excluding 'to' */));
console.log(c14n) /* '<note><from>Jani</from></note>' */

parse(string |
Buffer)

Parses a string or Buffer for an XML document,
returns an
XMLDoc wrapper object
representing the parsed XML document.

c14n(root_node[,
excluding_node])

Canonicalizes root_node and its children according to
Canonical XML Version 1.1.
The root_node can be
XMLNode or
XMLDoc wrapper object
around XML structure.
Returns Buffer object that contains canonicalized output.

excluding_node

allows omitting from the output a part of the document

exclusiveC14n(root_node[,
excluding_node[,
withComments
[,prefix_list]]])

Canonicalizes root_node and its children according to
Exclusive XML
Canonicalization Version 1.0.

root_node

is
XMLNode or
XMLDoc wrapper object
around XML structure

excluding_node

allows omitting from the output a part of the document
corresponding to the node and its children

withComments

a boolean value, false by default.
If true, canonicalization corresponds to
Exclusive XML
Canonicalization Version 1.0.
Returns Buffer object that contains canonicalized output.

prefix_list

an optional string with a space separated namespace prefixes
for namespaces that should also be included into the output

serialize()

The same as
xml.c14n()
(since 0.7.11).

serializeToString()

The same as
xml.c14n()
except it returns the result as a string
(since 0.7.11).

XMLDoc

An XMLDoc wrapper object around XML structure,
the root node of the document.

doc.$root

the document's root by its name or undefined

doc.abc

the first root tag named abc as
XMLNode wrapper object

XMLNode

An XMLNode wrapper object around XML tag node.

node.abc

the same as
node.$tag$abc

node.$attr$abc

the node's attribute value of abc,
writable
since 0.7.11

node.$attr$abc=xyz

the same as
node.setAttribute('abc',
xyz)
(since 0.7.11)

node.$attrs

an XMLAttr wrapper object
for all attributes of the node

node.$name

the name of the node

node.$ns

the namespace of the node

node.$parent

the parent node of the current node

node.$tag$abc

the first child tag of the node named abc,
writable
since 0.7.11

node.$tags

an array of all children tags

node.$tags = [node1, node2, ...]

the same as
node.removeChildren();
node.addChild(node1);
node.addChild(node2)
(since 0.7.11).

node.$tags$abc

all children tags named abc of the node,
writable
since 0.7.11

node.$text

the content of the node,
writable
since 0.7.11

node.$text = 'abc'

the same as
node.setText('abc')
(since 0.7.11)

node.addChild(nd)

adds XMLNode as a child to node
(since 0.7.11).
nd is recursively copied before adding to the node

node.removeAllAttributes()

removes all attributes of the node
(since 0.7.11)

node.removeAttribute(attr_name)

removes the attribute named attr_name
(since 0.7.11)

node.removeChildren(tag_name)

removes all the children tags named tag_name
(since 0.7.11).
If tag_name is absent, all children tags are removed

node.removeText()

removes the node's text value
(0.7.11)

node.setAttribute(attr_name,
value)

sets a value for an attr_name
(since 0.7.11).
When the value is null,
the attribute named attr_name is deleted

node.setText(value)

sets a text value for the node
(since 0.7.11).
When the value is null, the text of the node is deleted.

XMLAttr

An XMLAttrs wrapper object around XML node attributes.

attr.abc

the attribute value of abc

zlib

zlib.deflateRawSync()

zlib.deflateSync()

zlib.inflateRawSync()

zlib.inflateSync()

The zlib module provides compression functionality using the
“deflate” and “inflate” algorithms
(since 0.7.12).
The zlib module object is imported using
import zlib from 'zlib'.

deflateRawSync(string |
Buffer[,
options])

Compresses data using the “deflate” algorithm provided as a string or Buffer
and does not append a zlib header.
The buffer value can be a
Buffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView.
Options is an optional object that contains
zlib_options.
Returns Buffer instance that contains the compressed data.

deflateSync(string |
Buffer[,
options])

Compresses data using the “deflate” algorithm provided as a string or Buffer.
The Buffer value can be a
Buffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView.
Options is an optional object that contains
zlib_options.
Returns Buffer instance that contains the compressed data.

inflateRawSync(string |
Buffer)

Decompresses a raw stream by using the “deflate” algorithm.
Returns Buffer instance that contains the decompressed data.

inflateSync(string |
Buffer)

Decompresses a stream by using the “deflate” algorithm.
Returns Buffer instance that contains the decompressed data.

zlib options

chunkSize — is an integer,
by default is 1024

dictionary — is a
Buffer,
TypedArray, or
DataView.
by default is empty

level — is an integer, compression only,
see zlib_compression_levels

memLevel — is an integer
from 1 to 9, compression only

strategy — is an integer, compression only,
see zlib_compression_strategy

windowBits — is an integer
from -15 to -9
for raw data,
from 9 to 15
for an ordinary stream

zlib compression levels

Name	Description

zlib.constants.Z_NO_COMPRESSION	no compression

zlib.constants.Z_BEST_SPEED	fastest, produces the least compression

zlib.constants.Z_DEFAULT_COMPRESSION	trade-off between speed and compression

zlib.constants.Z_BEST_COMPRESSION	slowest, produces the most compression

zlib compression strategy

Name	Description

zlib.constants.Z_FILTERED	Filtered strategy: for the data produced by a filter or predictor

zlib.constants.Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY	Huffman-only strategy: only Huffman encoding, no string matching

zlib.constants.Z_RLE	Run Length Encoding strategy: limit match distances to one, better compression of PNG image data

zlib.constants.Z_FIXED	Fixed table strategy: prevents the use of dynamic Huffman codes, a simpler decoder for special applications

zlib.constants.Z_DEFAULT_STRATEGY	Default strategy, suitable for general purpose compression