Laptop (Magyar)

Fordítás állapota:
Ez az oldal az angol
Laptop
című oldal magyar nyelvre lefordított változata. Utolsó fordítás dátuma: 2025.11.10. Amennyiben a lefordítás időpontja óta az angol nyelvű oldalon történtek újabb
módosítások
, akkor Ön segíthet hozzászinkronizálni az angolhoz ezt a magyar nyelvű fordítást.
Acer
–
Apple
–
ASUS
–
Dell
–
Framework
–
HP
–
IBM/Lenovo
–
MSI
–
Samsung
–
Sony
–
Toshiba
–
Egyéb
This
Laptop main page
contains links to articles (sections) needed for configuring a laptop for the best experience. Setting up a
laptop
is in many ways the same as setting up a
desktop
. However, there are a few key differences.
Arch Linux
provides all the tools and programs necessary to take complete control of your laptop. These programs and utilities are highlighted below, with appropriate tips tutorials.
Tipp
To gain an overview of the reported/achieved Arch Linux hardware compatibility of a particular laptop model, see the results per vendor of the above subpages.
If there are laptop model specific instructions, the respective article is crosslinked in the first column of the vendor subpages. In case the model is not listed in the vendor table, existing instructions of similar models via the
Category:Laptops
vendor subcategory may help.
Energiakezelés
Megjegyzés
You should read the articles
Power management
and
CPU frequency scaling
first. Additional laptop-specific features are described below.
Power management is very important for anyone who wishes to make good use of their battery capacity. The following tools and programs help to increase battery life and keep your laptop cool and quiet.
Akkumulátor állapota
Reading battery state can be done in multiple ways. Classical method is some daemon periodically polling battery level using ACPI interface. On some systems, the battery sends events to
udev
whenever it (dis)charges by 1%, this event can be connected to some action using a udev rule.
Battery can be checked directly from the kernel using:
$ cat /sys/class/power_supply/
BAT0
/capacity
BAT0
could also have vendor name. For example,
wacom_battery_0
for Wacom stylus pen.
Alternatively, you can use the
upower
abstraction utility:
$ for BAT_PATH in $(upower -e | grep BAT); do upower -i "$BAT_PATH"; done
ACPI
Battery state can be read using ACPI utilities from the terminal. ACPI command line utilities are provided via the
acpi
package. See
ACPI modules
for more information.
cbatticon
is a battery icon that sits in the system tray.
batify
AUR
is an udevrule file triggering plug and battery level notifications (multi-x sessions support).
batsignal
is a lightweight battery monitor daemon that uses libnotify to warn of low battery levels.
Hibernate on low battery level
If your battery sends events to
udev
whenever it (dis)charges by 1%, you can use this udev rule to automatically hibernate the system when battery level is critical, and thus prevent all unsaved work from being lost. Alternatively,
upower
can also take action when battery level is at a configurable critical level if
upower.service
is
enabled
.
udev
Megjegyzés
Not all batteries report discharge events. Test by running
udevadm monitor --property
while on battery and see if any events are reported. You should wait at least 1% drop. If no events are reported and
/sys/class/power_supply/BAT0/alarm
is non-zero then the battery will likely trigger an event when
BAT0/energy_now
drops below the alarm value, and the udev rule will work as long as the percentage math works out. Some laptops have an option for this disabled in BIOS by default.
/etc/udev/rules.d/99-lowbat.rules
# Suspend the system when battery level drops to 5% or lower
SUBSYSTEM=="power_supply", ATTR{status}=="Discharging", ATTR{capacity}=="[0-5]", RUN+="/usr/bin/systemctl hibernate"
Megjegyzés
In the example,
[0-5]
is a shell-like pattern matching expression that matches one character in the range 0 to 5. It does not mean "when capacity is in the range from 0 to 5", and using something like
[20-25]
will not match a capacity in the range 20 to 25. See
here
for available pattern matching with udev rules.
Test the command to be run beforehand to make sure it would work. For instance,
/usr/bin/systemctl hibernate
may return the error: "Call to Hibernate failed: Not enough swap space for hibernation"
This rule will be repeated whenever the condition is set. As such, when resuming from hibernate when the battery is critical, the computer will hibernate directly. Some laptops do not boot beyond a certain battery level, so the rule could be adjusted accordingly.
If you have more than one battery or if you are using a battery powered peripheral device, the rule could be triggered unexpectedly by another battery discharging; this can be fixed by obtaining another attribute/value pair to add to your udev rule that specifically match the main battery, for example
model_name
. Such new attribute/value pair can be obtained for example by checking
/sys/class/power_supply/
nameOfMainBattery
/
attributesAndOtherDirectories
, or by running
udevadm monitor --property
and waiting for battery events.
Batteries can jump to a lower value instead of discharging continuously, therefore a udev string matching pattern for all capacities 0 through 5 is used.
To shutdown the system instead of hibernating, use
/usr/bin/systemctl poweroff
. The
-i
flag can be used to ignore shutdown inhibitors, see
systemctl(1) § OPTIONS
. Other rules can be added to perform different actions depending on power supply status and/or capacity.
If your system has no or missing ACPI events,
frequently run
the following script which uses
acpi
:
#!/bin/sh
acpi -b | awk -F'[,:%]' '{print $2, $3}' | {
	read -r status capacity

	if [ "$status" = Discharging -a "$capacity" -lt 5 ]; then
		logger "Critical battery threshold"
		systemctl hibernate
	fi
}
If you have more than one battery or if you are using a battery powered peripheral device, you should modify the second line of the script by adding
grep
to monitor the correct battery like so:
acpi -b | grep "Battery 0" | awk -F'[,:%]' '{print $2, $3}' | {
. Replace
Battery 0
with your required battery as reported by
acpi -b
.
Megjegyzés
Unplugging a battery or peripheral device may break your script since it can cause remaining batteries to be renamed, i.e. when
Battery 0
is unplugged,
Battery 1
becomes
Battery 0
automatically, and so on.
Testing events
One way to test udev rules is to have them create a file when they are run. For example:
/etc/udev/rules.d/98-discharging.rules
SUBSYSTEM=="power_supply", ATTR{status}=="Discharging", RUN+="/usr/bin/touch /home/archie/discharging"
This creates a file at
/home/archie/discharging
when the laptop charger is unplugged. You can test whether the rule worked by unplugging your laptop and looking for this file. For more advanced udev rule testing, see
Udev#Testing rules before loading
.
UPower
Állítsa be a UPower szoftvert, például:
/etc/UPower/UPower.conf
UsePercentageForPolicy=true

PercentageLow=20.0
PercentageCritical=10.0
PercentageAction=5.0

CriticalPowerAction=HybridSleep
Utána
engedélyezze
és
indítsa el
a
upower.service
szolgáltatást.
Suspend and hibernate
Manually suspending the operating system, either to memory (standby) or to disk (hibernate) sometimes provides the most efficient way to optimize battery life, depending on the usage pattern of the laptop.
See the main article
Suspend and hibernate
.
Hard drive spin down problem
Documented
here
.
To prevent your laptop hard drive from spinning down too often, set less aggressive power management as described in
hdparm#Power management configuration
. Even the default values may be too aggressive.
Wakeup triggers
Wakeup sources/events/triggers wake the system from any of the hardware
power-saving
states
. To find and configure these see
wakeup triggers
.
Hardware support
Screen brightness
See
Backlight
.
Touchpad
To get your touchpad working properly, see the
libinput
page.
Touchpad Synaptics
is the older input driver, which is currently in maintenance mode and is no longer updated.
Touchpad not detected at all
If a touchpad device is not detected and shown as a device at all, a possible solution might be using one or more of these kernel parameters:
i8042.noloop i8042.nomux i8042.nopnp i8042.reset
Elantech
If an Elantech Touchpad is not being detected and the following line appears in your
journal
:
elan_i2c 5-0015: 5-0015 supply vcc not found, using dummy regulator
it is related to an issue with the
psmouse
module trying to use a secondary bus for the touchpad device, and
elan_i2c
failing to do so. The fix is to force it to use the primary one. Create the file below and reload the
psmouse
module or reboot:
/etc/modprobe.d/psmouse.conf
options psmouse elantech_smbus=0
Fingerprint reader
See
Fingerprint-gui
,
fprint
and
ThinkFinger
(for ThinkPads).
Webcam
See
Webcam setup
.
Hard disk shock protection
There are several laptops from different vendors featuring shock protection capabilities. As manufacturers have refused to support open source development of the required software components so far, Linux support for shock protection varies considerably between different hardware implementations.
Currently, two projects, named
HDAPS
and
Hpfall
, support this kind of protection. HDAPS is for IBM/Lenovo Thinkpads and hpfall for HP/Compaq laptops.
Hybrid graphics
The laptop manufacturers developed new technologies involving two graphic cards in a single computer, enabling both high performance and power saving usages. These laptops usually use an Intel chip for display by default, so an
Intel graphics
driver is needed first. Then you can
choose methods
to utilize the second graphics chip.
Hardware video acceleration
Use of hardware decoding and encoding can lead to a higher battery life. See
Video acceleration
.
Audio mute LED
On laptops using Intel HD Audio, the user may need to manually specify the codec model in order to get the audio mute LED to work. First, check if your laptop uses Intel HD Audio; the following command will produce output if so:
$ lsmod | grep snd_hda_intel
Next, you will need to find your audio codec model:
$ grep Codec /proc/asound/card*/codec*
Now you need to find their codec in the
list of available model names
. If you cannot find a codec for your specific model, you may be able to find one that works through trial and error.
In order to tell the kernel module which model-specific options to load, specify the
model=
kernel module parameter
. For example:
/etc/modprobe.d/mute-led.conf
options snd_hda_intel model=
model_name
To test whether or not this worked, the kernel module must be reloaded. You can do this by rebooting.
If you need to test a large number of codecs, it may be more efficient to avoid rebooting by first bringing the system to a state where no processes are using the kernel module, and then reloading the module with the new parameters. This can be done by logging out of all graphical and console sessions, and stopping the display manager if using one. Upon logging back in at a console, run the following commands:
# modprobe -r snd_hda_intel
# modprobe snd_hda_intel model=
model_name
The module will now be using the new codec specified in
model_name
.
Network time syncing
For a laptop, it may be a good idea to use
Chrony
as an alternative to
NTPd
,
OpenNTPD
or
systemd-timesyncd
to sync your clock over the network. Chrony is designed to work well even on systems with no permanent network connection (such as laptops), and is capable of much faster time synchronisation than standard ntp. Chrony has several advantages when used in systems running on virtual machines, such as a larger range for frequency correction to help correct quickly drifting clocks, and better response to rapid changes in the clock frequency. It also has a smaller memory footprint and no unnecessary process wakeups, improving power efficiency.
Writing laptop pages
See
Help:Laptop page guidelines
if you want to create or modify any laptop page.
További olvasnivaló a témában
General
CPU frequency scaling
is a technology used primarily by notebooks which enables the OS to scale the CPU frequency up or down, depending on the current system load and/or power scheme.
Display Power Management Signaling
describes how to automatically turn off the laptop screen after a specified interval of inactivity (not just blanked with a screensaver but completely shut off).
Wireless network configuration
provides information about setting up wireless connection.
Keyboard input
describes configuration of Media keys.
acpid
is a flexible and extensible daemon for delivering ACPI events.
Pages specific to certain laptop types
See
Category:Laptops
and its subcategories for pages dedicated to specific models/vendors.
Battery tweaks for ThinkPads can be found in
TLP
and the
tp_smapi
article.
See
ASUS Linux
for a set of tools designed for recent ROG and TUF laptops.
Külső hivatkozások
https://linux-on-laptops.com/
https://www.linlap.com/