Netboot (Magyar)

Fordítás állapota:
Ez az oldal az angol
Netboot
című oldal magyar nyelvre lefordított változata. Utolsó fordítás dátuma: 2026.01.17. Amennyiben a lefordítás időpontja óta az angol nyelvű oldalon történtek újabb
módosítások
, akkor Ön segíthet hozzászinkronizálni az angolhoz ezt a magyar nyelvű fordítást.
Netboot images are small (< 1 MiB) images that can be used to download the latest Arch Linux release on the fly upon system boot. It is unnecessary to update the netboot image, the newest release will be available automatically. Netboot images can be downloaded from the
Arch Linux Netboot
page.
Megjegyzés
You need sufficient memory (probably 1.5GiB or even more) to store and run the live system, otherwise you may get a kernel panic on boot.
It is mostly intended for wired connectivity
: Wi-Fi support is limited and highly firmware-dependent
[1]
.
BIOS
To use netboot on a BIOS-based computer, you need either the
ipxe.lkrn
or
ipxe.pxe
image.
Using ipxe.lkrn
The
ipxe.lkrn
image can be booted like a Linux kernel. Any Linux
boot loader
(like
GRUB
or
Syslinux
) can be used to load it from your hard drive, a CD or a USB drive. For example, the Syslinux wiki gives instructions to install
[2]
and configure
[3]
Syslinux on a bootable medium.
You can make flash drive that boots
ipxe.lkrn
with the following steps:
Find out your device path using
lsblk
. Let us assume it is
/dev/sdc
.
Create MBR partition table on the device.
Create a primary partition with
FAT32
file system and flag it as active.
Mount partition, create
boot/syslinux
directory there and copy
ipxe.lkrn
to the
boot
directory.
# mount /dev/sdc /mnt
# mkdir -p /mnt/boot/syslinux
# cp ipxe.lkrn /mnt/boot
Create syslinux configuration
/mnt/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
DEFAULT arch_netboot
   SAY Booting Arch over the network.
LABEL arch_netboot
   KERNEL /boot/ipxe.lkrn
Unmount partition
# umount /mnt
Install Syslinux MBR and Syslinux itself
# dd bs=440 count=1 conv=notrunc if=/usr/lib/syslinux/bios/mbr.bin of=/dev/sdc
# syslinux --directory /boot/syslinux/ --install /dev/sdc1
Now you should be able to boot your usb stick with ipxe.lkrn.
Alternatively, you can also try the image with
QEMU
by running the following command:
$ qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm -m 2G -kernel ipxe.lkrn
Using ipxe.pxe
The
ipxe.pxe
image is a PXE image. It can be chainloaded from an existing PXE environment. This allows configuring a DHCP server such that booting from the network will always boot into Arch Linux netboot.
Alternatively, you can also chainload it from existing pxe loader such as pxelinux. This is a menu entry example:
LABEL arch_netboot_chain
  COM32 pxechn.c32
  APPEND ipxe.a56af4e6a9a9.pxe
For this example to work you must have pxechn.c32 copied to the directory where your pxelinux.0 resides.
UEFI
The
ipxe-arch.efi
image can be used to launch Arch Linux netboot in UEFI mode. Only 64-bit UEFI is supported. The image can be added as a boot option via
efibootmgr
, launched from a
boot manager
, like
systemd-boot
or
rEFInd
, or directly from the
UEFI shell
. You can also boot it from a standalone USB stick on UEFI systems.
Installation with efibootmgr
First install the
efibootmgr
package. Assuming your
EFI system partition
(ESP) is
/dev/sdd1
and mounted under
esp
, you should move it as follows—let us also give it a more friendly name:
# mkdir
esp
/EFI/arch_netboot
# mv ipxe.*.efi
esp
/EFI/arch_netboot/arch_netboot.efi
Then you can create a boot entry as follows:
# efibootmgr --create --disk /dev/sdd --part 1 --loader /EFI/arch_netboot/arch_netboot.efi --label "Arch Linux Netboot" --unicode
Bootolás USB flash adathordozóról
If you want to boot the Netboot EFI binary from a USB flash drive, copy it to the default/fallback boot path (
/EFI/BOOT/BOOTx64.EFI
) on a
FAT
formatted partition. It does not require creating a EFI system partition on the drive as all UEFI will happily boot any FAT volume from USB flash drives. The most compatible setup would be using the MBR partition table with a single active (bootable) primary partition of type
0c
"W95 FAT32 (LBA)".
[4]
The image should be then loaded automatically by UEFI systems.
Megjegyzés
You will need to
disable Secure Boot
to boot. Even if you sign the Netboot EFI binary with custom keys, the kernel that is downloaded from a mirror is not signed.
In GNU/Linux
For example, assuming
/dev/sd
X
as the flash drive, prepare the USB flash drive as follows:
If not done yet, create a
partition table
on
/dev/sd
X
and a
partition
(
/dev/sd
Xn
) on the device.
If not done yet, format the partition to
FAT32
:
# mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/sd
Xn
Mount
the file system:
# mount /dev/sd
Xn
/mnt
Create a
/EFI/BOOT
directory on the mounted file system:
# mkdir /mnt/EFI /mnt/EFI/BOOT
Copy
pxe-arch.efi
to the default boot path for x64 UEFI:
# cp pxe-arch.efi /mnt/EFI/BOOT/BOOTx64.EFI
Unmount
the file system.
In Windows
Prepare the USB flash drive as follows:
If not done yet, partition the USB flash drive and format it to FAT32.
Navigate to the root of the USB flash drive and create an
EFI
folder in it and a
BOOT
folder inside the
EFI
folder.
Copy
pxe-arch.efi
to the
EFI\BOOT
folder.
Rename the
pxe-arch.efi
file to
BOOTx64.EFI
.
Eject the USB flash drive when done.
Troubleshooting
Booting EFI binary gives "device error"
If booting the EFI binary results in
Failed to execute ... device error
, make sure the network stack is enabled in your UEFI settings. It may require initializing the network interface controller's (NIC) option ROM, so additionally look for settings like "OnBoard LAN Boot ROM", "Launch PXE OpROM Policy" or similar.