Antepfıstığı Çiçeklerinin Yapay Yöntemlerle Tozlanması Üzerinde Araştırmaları
Studies on Artificial Pollination of Pistachio Flowers
Yazar: Kuru, Celal; Ayfer, Mahmut
Dergi: Bahçe, Vol. 13 No. 1, 1984
Anahtar kelimeler: Agricultural Engineering (Other) ; Ziraat Mühendisliği (Diğer) ; Antepfıstığı,Yapay Yöntemler,Tozlama ; Pistachio,Artificial Methods,Pollination

Dioik çiçek yapısına sahip bulunan antepfıstıklarında, yapay tozlama olanakları araştırılmıştır. Çiçek tozlan, motorlu toz atıcı (duster) ve pamuklu bezden yapılmış torbalarla atılmıştır. Çalışmalarda, çeşitli seyrelticilerin özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çiçek tozlan %1 ve %4 oranlarda atılmıştır. Uygulama, çiçeklen menin %1 ve %40 olduğu dönemlerde katlamalı olarak yapılmıştır. Yapay tozlama uygulamalarından, motorlu toz atıcı ve pamuklu bezden yapılmış torbalarla eşdeğerde başarılı sonuçlar alınmıştır. Tek bir ağacın yapay olarak tozlanması toz atıcı ile 4 dakikada, torba ile 17 dakikada tamamlanmıştır. Seyrelticiler arasında ekmeklik ve makarnalık unlar, antepfıstığı çiçek tozlan ile başarılı bir şekilde kullanılabilmektedir. Seyrelticilerle %1 oranında hazırlanan çiçek tozu karışımları ile çiçeklenmenin %1 ve %40 olduğu dönemlerde yapılan tek bir uygulama, başarılı sonuçlar vermiştir.

In this study; the principles and equipment of artificial pollination are searched at the Pistachio orchards where the lack of pollen and the differences of maturity periods of the male and female flowers exist. The following results have been obtained for the year 1980, 1981 and 1983 in Gaziantep. 1. The highest germination rates of different kinds of pollen used for artificial pollination was determined to be 54.57% and 73.26% in 1980 and 1983, respectively, when the germination test was under taken. 2. In 1980, the germination rate of pollen which placed in a dish on CaCl₂ in a desiccator that was stored in a refrigerator was determined to be 41.62% 5 days after storage. In the same experiment was repeated by placing the pollen in a bottle loosely closed with cotton ball outside of desiccator but both stored in a refrigerator. The rate of germination of pollen was obtained 38.68% 6 days after storage. In 1983, the germination rate of pollen which placed in a dish on CaCl₂ in a desiccator that was stored in a refrigerator was 28.56% 17 days after storage; pollen in a bottle loosely closed with cotton ball outside of desiccated had 43.21% germination rate 11 days after storage. 3. The average numbers of female flowers counted on each first three clusters of 100 branches of pistachio trees under experiment were 119.80, 105.22 and 113.51 in 1980, 1981 and 1983, respectively. 4. Com starch, rice flour, soft wheat flour (grade 80) and durum wheat flour (screened, number 9) had experimented as blending materials for pistachio pollen in artificial pollination and soft wheat flour  and durum wheat flour from these blending materials had used successfully. 5. There was not any statistical difference between the artificial pollination made by motorized duster and cotton bags. In the laboratory tests of the artificial pollination methods, it was found that the motorized duster produced homogenous mix of pollen and blending materials while cotton bag produced heterogeneous mix, i.e. the concentration late of pollen declined towards end of application. Therefore, if cotton bag has to be used for this purpose, the dosage of the pollen mix must be put in the bag separately for each tree. 6. The time spent for artificial pollination by motorized duster was 4 minutes, and by cotton bag was 17 minutes per tree. These time periods contain the dusting and preparation for dusting times of each three. 7. The success-full results were obtained from the mixtures with 1% pollen concentration. 8. Artificial pollination made during the 1% and 40% blooming stages of female trees gave sufficient results.