Hac Sûresinin Nüzûl Kronolojilerindeki Yerini Tespitte Sebeb-i Nüzûl Rivâyetlerine Analitik Bir Yaklaşım
An Analytical Approach to the Narratives of the Reason for Revelation in Determining the Place of the Sūrah of Hajj in the Chronology of Revelation
Yazar: Arpaguş, Faysal
Dergi: Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, Vol. 26 No. 1, 2025
Anahtar kelimeler: Tafsir ; Tefsir ; Tefsir,Münâsebât,Bağlam,Mekkî-Medenî,Analiz ; Tafsīr,al-Munāsabāt,Context,Meccan-Medinan,Analysis

Kaynaklar incelendiğinde Hac sûresinin nüzûl kronolojilerindeki yerinin ihtilaflı olduğu kolaylıkla anlaşılabilir. Bu çalışma, konu ve kapsam olarak, Hac sûresinin sebeb-i nüzûl rivayetleriyle sûrenin konu-anlam bütünlüğünden hareketle nüzûl zamanı hakkında fikir beyan eden, makale içerisinde kendilerine atıf yapılan muhaddis, müfessir ve müerrihlerin yorumlarını analitik bir yaklaşımla ele almayı amaçlar. Nitel araştırma yöntemi, doküman analizinin kullanıldığı araştırmada şu bulgulara ulaşılmıştır: Konu ve üslup bakımından sûre hem Mekkî hem de Medenî unsurlar ihtiva eder. Bu durum, bağlamdan hareketle kesin bir tespitte bulunmayı güçleştirir. Sebeb-i nüzûl rivayetleri üzerinden bir tespitte bulunmak da zordur; çünkü rivayetlerde tarihi verilerle çelişen ifadeler vardır. Kur’ân’ın nüzûlüne şahitlik eden sahabenin ve onlardan sonraki nesil olan tâbi‘înin yaşadıkları olaylarla inen âyetler arasında kurdukları münasebet sebebiyle âyetleri kendi anladıkları şeye delil getirdikleri anlaşılır. Bunun sonucu olarak çalışma, “fe-enze’llâhu hâzihi’l-âyete” vb. ifadeleri, onların hangi manalarda kullandıklarını araştırmayı önermektedir.

This study aims to analyze, through an analytical approach, the interpretations of exegetes, traditionalists, and historians who express opinions on the time of revelation of the Sūrah al-Hajj, based on the coherence of its subject matter and meaning, as indicated by the narrations concerning the reason for its revelation. The reason for undertaking such a study is that the narrations on the reason for revelation differ not in terms of content, but in terms of when they indicate the revelation took place. Although exegetes have attempted to overcome this problem by introducing the internal context and the issue of relevance, the surah's inclusion of Meccan elements such as the Day of Judgment, belief and disbelief, criticism of polytheism, monotheism, and Hanifism, as well as Medinan elements such as al-jihad, hypocrisy, and legal rulings, does not allow for the precise determination of when it was revealed. Considering the functions of determining the time of revelation—such as its relationship with legal rulings, understanding the wisdom of legislation, clarifying ambiguities, knowing the harmony between verses and surahs, and understanding whether a verse contains restriction or specification—the importance of this work becomes clearer.In this study, which employs the qualitative research method and the document analysis design, the research steps are outlined as follows: First, the concepts of “chronology of revelation,” “reason for revelation,” and “context” are defined, and their interrelationships are explained; then, works by classical authors such as Ibn al-Nadīm and Ibn Durays, as well as modern authors such as orientalists and Mehdi Bazargan, who have written works on the chronology of revelation, are cited to show where the Surah al-Hajj is placed. Subsequently, an attempt was made to identify the reason for the revelation narrated in the hadith sources that most influenced the placement of the surah there, ignoring those that were repetitive; however, narrations that allowed for a different understanding of the verse or surah, even though they were identical in content, were specifically included. Furthermore, the relevant reasons for revelation narrations in exegesis, sīirah, and history books have been included in the study comparatively, to the extent permitted by the scope of the article. The findings of the present study can be summarized as follows: The emphasis on the reason for revelation in the narrations indicates that the verses were recalled and recited in connection with events during the Medina period. There are arguments in classical sources that support this. Looking at where the sūurah is placed in the chronology of revelation, it is clear that, despite their emphasis on context, orientalists have not been able to go beyond the external context of the narrations of the reasons for revelation. However, considering that the companions and the successors were flexible regarding the reason for revelation and used it in a broad spectrum, it can be concluded that the reason for revelation narrations does not always imply a true determination of time.