DOĞU ANADOLU'DAN TOPLANAN KAFKAS ÜÇGÜLÜ (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) ÖRNEKLERİNİN KROMOZOM SAYILARI ve BAZI MORFOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ
DOĞU ANADOLU'DAN TOPLANAN KAFKAS ÜÇGÜLÜ (Trifolium ambiguum M. Bieb.) ÖRNEKLERİNİN KROMOZOM SAYILARI ve BAZI MORFOLOJİK ÖZELLİKLERİ
Yazar: Baysal, İsmet
Dergi: Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 4 No. 3, 2010

Doğu Anadolu'dan toplanan kafkas üçgülü örnekleri, poliploidformların tesbiti için, kök uçlarında kromazam sayımı yapılmak üzeresaksılarda köklendirildi. Köklendirilen bitkilerden alınan kök udannındoymuş poradichlorobenzene eriyiğinde S-lO&deg;C sıcaklıkta 3 saat beklettiktensonra aseto-orsem-hidroklorik asit ile boyanmasından iyi sonuçalınmıştır. Kromozom sayımı sonunda kafkas üçgülünün diploid (2n=16),tetraploid ve hekzaploid formlarının Doğu Anadolu'da doğalolarakyetiştiği ilk defa tesbit edilmiştir.Morfolojik karakter/er bakımından bitkilerin kromozom sayısıarttıkça ortalama değer/erde de bir artı&sect; olmuştur. Ancak değerlerindağılışında formlar arasında genellikle bir geçiş giirülmektedir. Budurumda adı geçen karektedere göre poliploid formları kesin olarakayırt etmek mümkün görÜımemektedir.CHROMOSOME COUNTS IN THE ROOT TIPS AND SOME OF THEMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF CAUCASIAN CLOVER (Trifolium anibiguum M. Bieb.) COLLECTED FROM EASTERN ANATOLIAChromosome eounts were made İnthe ı oot tips of Caucasian clover collectedfrom eastem Anatolia, in orderto determine ploidy level of the plants.The best and rapid preparation wasobtained by keeping root tips in theparadiehlorobenzene solution for 3hours and staining with aeeto-orceinHCLsolution (BaysaL, 1966 and 1968).Root tips obtained from thepla,nts, which were growing in thepots, were put into a saturated paradichlorobenzenesaluıion for 3 hoursat 8-ıo&deg;C. Of the Imm, tip of the roots werecut, cleaned and transferred to a mixtureof ı.5 % ateco-orcein and 0.5 normalHCL solution in the proportion of 10to I. The root tips were heated over aname up to boiling points (5-10 seconds)and than were left for cooling.The root tips were transferred to onedrop 45 % acetic acid and squashed.For practically permenant slide,a smalll drop orı ü % glycerine in 45 %acetic acid (Rattenbury, 1956) was placedat the margin ofthe CQverslip and allowedto now undeı as the aqueous portions evaporates. If bubbles appeaı after aday or two, another drop of the glycerinesolution may be added.After the chromosome couting,polyploid series of diploid (2n=16),tetraploid and hexaploid forms ofCaucasian clover were established. Thiswas done for the fırst time among thep1ant materials colleeted from eastemAnato1ia.B. Morphologicat characters1. Middle leaflet length, widthand index (lengthfwidth) and length ofstoma and stipu/e: Mean values of thesecharacters increased with p10idy.However an overplapping in&middot; the rangesshowed that these characters will notbe positive criterion, for establishingthe ploidy leve1 of a giyen planL- The mean middle /eaflet legıh was32.9&plusmn;2.25 in diploids, 40.2&plusmn;2.-58 intetraploids and 58.1 +0.94 mm. inhexaploids. The range of this value wasfrom 24.7 to 62.5 mm. in tetraploids.Diploid and hexaploid mean valueswere within this range.The mean midd/e leaflet ıvidlh was18.3&plusmn;0.88 in diploids, 16.8&plusmn;O.l4 ıntetraploids, and 24. ı &plusmn;0.51 mm. inhexaploids:Tne mean middle leajlet index was1.8&plusmn;0.02 in dipolids, 2.4&plusmn;0.05 intetraploids and 2.4&plusmn;0.33 in hexaploids. Minİmum index value (1.3) wasin diploids and maxumim (3.4) in tetraploids.The mean stoma /engtlı was 21.8&plusmn;0.05 microns in diploids, 24.7&plusmn;0.01microns in tetraploids, and 33.1 &plusmn;O.02microns i? bexaploids. it migth be possibleto identify the bexaploids, from64other two forms, wİtb greater meanvalue and range (31.4-34.2 microns).2. Head length and width and planıheigh/: Varied mean values witb 1'10idylevels were obtained for these cbaracters.There was an overlap betweenploidy levels in the disribution of thevalues.The mean head length was 29.1 &plusmn;0.46 mm. diploids, 29.&plusmn;4.021 in tetraploids,and 29.5&plusmn;0.39 mm. in hexaploids.The mean head width was 25.1 &plusmn;0.46mm. diploids, 23.8&plusmn;0.10 in tetrapIoidsand 29.5&plusmn;0.39 mm. in bexapIoids.The mean plant height was 12.3&plusmn;0.76 cm. in dip10ids, 9.3&plusmn;0.43 cm. intetraploids and 28.5&plusmn;0.64 cm. in hexaploids.There were erect, semi erect andprostrate, pJants in dip10ds and tetrapIoids.All hexaploids were erect.3. FIOlver and pistil length, ca/yxlength and width, calyx teeth /engthand pal/en grain size: VaIues obtaincdfor these cabaracters varied with 1'10idylevel of plants.The mean f/over length was 12.7&plusmn;0.11 mm. in diploids, 12.3&plusmn;ü.04 in tetrap10idsand 16.2&plusmn;O.15 in hexaploids.Pisti! length and width and calyy:teeth /engt mean values: in diploidsmean values of calyx lengtb (5'-1 &plusmn;O.OSmm.) and clayx teeth length (2.1 &plusmn;O.O1)were greater tban tetraploids (4.3&plusmn;0.03and 1.3&plusmn;0.01 mm. resepc.tİvely); meancalyx width in tctraploids (I-.9&plusmn;0.01mm.) was graetar tb an diploids (1.8&plusmn;0.05 mm.) Mean calyx length and width,and calyx teeth !ength of hexaploids(6.9&plusmn;0.09, 2.6&plusmn;0.03, 2.6&plusmn;00.2 respectively) were greater then the othertwo fonns.&middot; These charcateristics canbe used to distinguish hexaploids fromother two fonn. Average pol/en grain size was 29.1&plusmn;0.04 microns in diploids 32.2&plusmn;0.01microns in tetraploids and 35.1 &plusmn;0.03microns in hexaploids. 

Doğu Anadolu'dan toplanan kafkas üçgülü örnekleri, poliploidformların tesbiti için, kök uçlarında kromazam sayımı yapılmak üzeresaksılarda köklendirildi. Köklendirilen bitkilerden alınan kök udannındoymuş poradichlorobenzene eriyiğinde S-lO&deg;C sıcaklıkta 3 saat beklettiktensonra aseto-orsem-hidroklorik asit ile boyanmasından iyi sonuçalınmıştır. Kromozom sayımı sonunda kafkas üçgülünün diploid (2n=16),tetraploid ve hekzaploid formlarının Doğu Anadolu'da doğalolarakyetiştiği ilk defa tesbit edilmiştir.Morfolojik karakter/er bakımından bitkilerin kromozom sayısıarttıkça ortalama değer/erde de bir artı&sect; olmuştur. Ancak değerlerindağılışında formlar arasında genellikle bir geçiş giirülmektedir. Budurumda adı geçen karektedere göre poliploid formları kesin olarakayırt etmek mümkün görÜımemektedir.CHROMOSOME COUNTS IN THE ROOT TIPS AND SOME OF THEMORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS OF CAUCASIAN CLOVER (Trifolium anibiguum M. Bieb.) COLLECTED FROM EASTERN ANATOLIAChromosome eounts were made İnthe ı oot tips of Caucasian clover collectedfrom eastem Anatolia, in orderto determine ploidy level of the plants.The best and rapid preparation wasobtained by keeping root tips in theparadiehlorobenzene solution for 3hours and staining with aeeto-orceinHCLsolution (BaysaL, 1966 and 1968).Root tips obtained from thepla,nts, which were growing in thepots, were put into a saturated paradichlorobenzenesaluıion for 3 hoursat 8-ıo&deg;C. Of the Imm, tip of the roots werecut, cleaned and transferred to a mixtureof ı.5 % ateco-orcein and 0.5 normalHCL solution in the proportion of 10to I. The root tips were heated over aname up to boiling points (5-10 seconds)and than were left for cooling.The root tips were transferred to onedrop 45 % acetic acid and squashed.For practically permenant slide,a smalll drop orı ü % glycerine in 45 %acetic acid (Rattenbury, 1956) was placedat the margin ofthe CQverslip and allowedto now undeı as the aqueous portions evaporates. If bubbles appeaı after aday or two, another drop of the glycerinesolution may be added.After the chromosome couting,polyploid series of diploid (2n=16),tetraploid and hexaploid forms ofCaucasian clover were established. Thiswas done for the fırst time among thep1ant materials colleeted from eastemAnato1ia.B. Morphologicat characters1. Middle leaflet length, widthand index (lengthfwidth) and length ofstoma and stipu/e: Mean values of thesecharacters increased with p10idy.However an overplapping in&middot; the rangesshowed that these characters will notbe positive criterion, for establishingthe ploidy leve1 of a giyen planL- The mean middle /eaflet legıh was32.9&plusmn;2.25 in diploids, 40.2&plusmn;2.-58 intetraploids and 58.1 +0.94 mm. inhexaploids. The range of this value wasfrom 24.7 to 62.5 mm. in tetraploids.Diploid and hexaploid mean valueswere within this range.The mean midd/e leaflet ıvidlh was18.3&plusmn;0.88 in diploids, 16.8&plusmn;O.l4 ıntetraploids, and 24. ı &plusmn;0.51 mm. inhexaploids:Tne mean middle leajlet index was1.8&plusmn;0.02 in dipolids, 2.4&plusmn;0.05 intetraploids and 2.4&plusmn;0.33 in hexaploids. Minİmum index value (1.3) wasin diploids and maxumim (3.4) in tetraploids.The mean stoma /engtlı was 21.8&plusmn;0.05 microns in diploids, 24.7&plusmn;0.01microns in tetraploids, and 33.1 &plusmn;O.02microns i? bexaploids. it migth be possibleto identify the bexaploids, from64other two forms, wİtb greater meanvalue and range (31.4-34.2 microns).2. Head length and width and planıheigh/: Varied mean values witb 1'10idylevels were obtained for these cbaracters.There was an overlap betweenploidy levels in the disribution of thevalues.The mean head length was 29.1 &plusmn;0.46 mm. diploids, 29.&plusmn;4.021 in tetraploids,and 29.5&plusmn;0.39 mm. in hexaploids.The mean head width was 25.1 &plusmn;0.46mm. diploids, 23.8&plusmn;0.10 in tetrapIoidsand 29.5&plusmn;0.39 mm. in bexapIoids.The mean plant height was 12.3&plusmn;0.76 cm. in dip10ids, 9.3&plusmn;0.43 cm. intetraploids and 28.5&plusmn;0.64 cm. in hexaploids.There were erect, semi erect andprostrate, pJants in dip10ds and tetrapIoids.All hexaploids were erect.3. FIOlver and pistil length, ca/yxlength and width, calyx teeth /engthand pal/en grain size: VaIues obtaincdfor these cabaracters varied with 1'10idylevel of plants.The mean f/over length was 12.7&plusmn;0.11 mm. in diploids, 12.3&plusmn;ü.04 in tetrap10idsand 16.2&plusmn;O.15 in hexaploids.Pisti! length and width and calyy:teeth /engt mean values: in diploidsmean values of calyx lengtb (5'-1 &plusmn;O.OSmm.) and clayx teeth length (2.1 &plusmn;O.O1)were greater tban tetraploids (4.3&plusmn;0.03and 1.3&plusmn;0.01 mm. resepc.tİvely); meancalyx width in tctraploids (I-.9&plusmn;0.01mm.) was graetar tb an diploids (1.8&plusmn;0.05 mm.) Mean calyx length and width,and calyx teeth !ength of hexaploids(6.9&plusmn;0.09, 2.6&plusmn;0.03, 2.6&plusmn;00.2 respectively) were greater then the othertwo fonns.&middot; These charcateristics canbe used to distinguish hexaploids fromother two fonn. Average pol/en grain size was 29.1&plusmn;0.04 microns in diploids 32.2&plusmn;0.01microns in tetraploids and 35.1 &plusmn;0.03microns in hexaploids.