ERZURUM OVASINDA PATATES EKİM VE HASADINDA MEKYNİZASYON İMKANLARI ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
ERZURUM OVASINDA PATATES EKİM VE HASADINDA MEKYNİZASYON İMKANLARI ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Yazar: Ülger, Poyraz
Dergi: Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 1, 2010

ÖZETPatates tarımımn mekanizasyonu yiJ'nünden yapılan bu çalışmada,araştırma bölgesinde mevcut durumda uygulanan patates ekim ve hasat usulleri tesbit edilmiş ve patates ekim ve hasadında mekanizasyon olanakları araştırIlmıştır. Bu nedenle, patates ekim ve hasadında ı el işi, 2 çeki hayvanı işi ve 3 traktör işi olmuk üzere 6 ayrı mekanizasyon kademesi ele alınarak, araştırma bölgesinin işletmle arazi ve enerji kaynağı durwnlarına göre uygwılukları ortaya konulmuştur.ARESEARCH ON MECHANITAITAN OF POTATA DRİLİNG AND HARVESTING İN ERZURUM VALLEYThe purpose of this work, wichis beİng the fırst research or the Mechanisaitonof potato cultivation inthe Turkey, is to determine the domestiquemethods aplied in potato seedingand harvesting in the research -regionand the adaptability of the mechanisationto the regional condition.For this purpose, one kind of manual(man) work, two kinds of aminal drawnwork and three kinds of tractor worksumming six differant work methodin potato seeding and harvesting hasbeen considered and studied. So thesuitability of the seeding and harvestingequipments, which are beeingused in differert mechanizaiton steps,to the conditions of regional farms,topografy and power surces been determined.The mechanisation tests, has beendone on the fields at Atatürk Üniversityfarm which is located on theErzurum plain where soil conditionswere suitable to potato cultivation andwater for irrigation was available. Thetest beeing done in i 969 and 1970continued two years. Each year, theparsels were selected in the same filedsand their size were such that theequipment could be used easilyoThe 100 meter Jong and LS meterwide (Suitable for 20 furrow) parselswere distributed on random selectedblocs, as three rep!icaiton. Duringthe tests, the working depts rated widthsspeeds of trawe! and measurment distanceshas been keept equal.The mechanisaiton steps consideredin the tests, were arreuged suitableto the reginal condihons and theequipment used for this steps were selectedamong those who are commenlyused in the research region, availablein the market and portionallyconstructed in Turkey. This idea inmind. during the seeding tests; handtools, primitive plough, common frametwo - way aniınal drawn ploughcommon frame two - way animal darwnplough and two - row autamatic potatoseede were used, during harvesting testson the other hand, hand too1s, potatoharvesting plough (pooled by animals)!Jpinners type (P. t.o. - driven) potatodigger, chain type (P.t.o. - driven)potato digger and potato combine(P.Lo. - driven) were used. İn this mannerthe results obtained from the testscould be sum.merised as fallow:1. The potato cnltivation in theresearch region is commenly beeingdone on smail fields using man - powerwhich is the most expensİve powersource. This prevent the developmentof the potato cultivation in region.2. The four different seeding methodsmed in mechanisation steps, effectto germination considerabely. Thebest germination result was obtainedwith the automatic seeder, ınconparation with the commen handtools method, the automatic seedercoused shorten the germination periodabout LO-LS' days.3. The constructive spesificationsand working manner -of different equimentsand tools, used, effect on theamount of bruised potatoes. In comperationwith the other methods foundthe rate of brussed potatoes speeiallyhigh when spinners type (P.t.o.driven) potato digger was used. Asregards of potato losses the best resultswas obtaind when hand fools step,and trador work step - 2 was used.4. The fallowed meehanisaitonsteps in field tests, effeet eonsiderablyon the yield. İn spite of the minorityof the potato Josses in manucıl work.step, the yield was 1513,66-2563,33kg/da, becide that the yield with traetor,work step - 1, where the potato losseswas maximum, has been found as2792,00-2840.66 kg/da. The bast yieldresults on the other handhos been obtainedwith the traetor work step - 2(2937,66-3070,33 kg/da).5. The manuel work in potatoseeding and harvesting deerases eonsiderabelywith the İnerease of the degreeof meehanİsaiton, While the needof man power per hectar beeİng 661,00 man hours in hand work step, thisamound of need decreases to 36,99man power - hour/ha with the useof automatic potato seeder and potato.combine. This need is only % 11,24of the need in hand work step.6. The facility of use and the workingcapacity of the tools and equipmentsused in different type of mechanisationsetps, are efTecting on theneed of anİma] drawn hours and tractorhours. As regard of the need ofanimal drawn work, the primitive polughis more handy than two - way anima!plough, As regard of he need oftraetor work on the other hand, thebest mechanisaiton step is "The tractorwork step - 2" where chain type(P.t.o. - driven) potato digger was used.7. The most effeetive factor whiehdetermines the possibility of mechanisationin potato seeding and harvestingis the cost per unit area. Betweenthe meehanisation steps fallowedduring the tests, the eost per unit areadjffered considerably. in the meehanisationsteps, labore costs and eostsof equipments effeet on the total costper hectare. Since the rnanual workin the "hand work step" is too highthe cost per hectare is also highst. Becidethat the same cost per heetareamounted % 82,91; % 93.39; % 63.58; % 52,30 and % 81,15 of the eostin "hand work step" by animal drawnwork step - 1, animal drawn workstep - 2, tractor work step - 1, tactorwork step - 2 and tractor work step3 respectİvely.As a result it can be said that thepotato yield .increases with the rise ofmechanisaiton step, but it seems inpossible to replace completeIly themanua! ,work by usig equipments. Besjdthat the labor eosts deeraesas ina certain limits with the rise of mechanisation.Amoung the mechanisation stepstested in this research, yield, necessityof manual work, and costs in mind,the bet results was obtained with themechanisation step of "Tractor workstep - 2", and it can be said that thisth best meehanisaiton step for the researchtoo. According to thejr degreeof opplicability, the other mechan.isationsteps could be ordered as fallow:Tractor work step . 3, tractor workstep - 1, animal drawn work step - ı,animal drawn work step&middot; 2, and rnanua](man) work step.Amoung the aix mechanisaitonsteps whose cahracteristics are determüıedwith this researsch, one couldprefare the proper mechanisation stepsfor the spesial conditions of his farm.

ÖZETPatates tarımımn mekanizasyonu yiJ'nünden yapılan bu çalışmada,araştırma bölgesinde mevcut durumda uygulanan patates ekim ve hasat usulleri tesbit edilmiş ve patates ekim ve hasadında mekanizasyon olanakları araştırIlmıştır. Bu nedenle, patates ekim ve hasadında ı el işi, 2 çeki hayvanı işi ve 3 traktör işi olmuk üzere 6 ayrı mekanizasyon kademesi ele alınarak, araştırma bölgesinin işletmle arazi ve enerji kaynağı durwnlarına göre uygwılukları ortaya konulmuştur.ARESEARCH ON MECHANITAITAN OF POTATA DRİLİNG AND HARVESTING İN ERZURUM VALLEYThe purpose of this work, wichis beİng the fırst research or the Mechanisaitonof potato cultivation inthe Turkey, is to determine the domestiquemethods aplied in potato seedingand harvesting in the research -regionand the adaptability of the mechanisationto the regional condition.For this purpose, one kind of manual(man) work, two kinds of aminal drawnwork and three kinds of tractor worksumming six differant work methodin potato seeding and harvesting hasbeen considered and studied. So thesuitability of the seeding and harvestingequipments, which are beeingused in differert mechanizaiton steps,to the conditions of regional farms,topografy and power surces been determined.The mechanisation tests, has beendone on the fields at Atatürk Üniversityfarm which is located on theErzurum plain where soil conditionswere suitable to potato cultivation andwater for irrigation was available. Thetest beeing done in i 969 and 1970continued two years. Each year, theparsels were selected in the same filedsand their size were such that theequipment could be used easilyoThe 100 meter Jong and LS meterwide (Suitable for 20 furrow) parselswere distributed on random selectedblocs, as three rep!icaiton. Duringthe tests, the working depts rated widthsspeeds of trawe! and measurment distanceshas been keept equal.The mechanisaiton steps consideredin the tests, were arreuged suitableto the reginal condihons and theequipment used for this steps were selectedamong those who are commenlyused in the research region, availablein the market and portionallyconstructed in Turkey. This idea inmind. during the seeding tests; handtools, primitive plough, common frametwo - way aniınal drawn ploughcommon frame two - way animal darwnplough and two - row autamatic potatoseede were used, during harvesting testson the other hand, hand too1s, potatoharvesting plough (pooled by animals)!Jpinners type (P. t.o. - driven) potatodigger, chain type (P.t.o. - driven)potato digger and potato combine(P.Lo. - driven) were used. İn this mannerthe results obtained from the testscould be sum.merised as fallow:1. The potato cnltivation in theresearch region is commenly beeingdone on smail fields using man - powerwhich is the most expensİve powersource. This prevent the developmentof the potato cultivation in region.2. The four different seeding methodsmed in mechanisation steps, effectto germination considerabely. Thebest germination result was obtainedwith the automatic seeder, ınconparation with the commen handtools method, the automatic seedercoused shorten the germination periodabout LO-LS' days.3. The constructive spesificationsand working manner -of different equimentsand tools, used, effect on theamount of bruised potatoes. In comperationwith the other methods foundthe rate of brussed potatoes speeiallyhigh when spinners type (P.t.o.driven) potato digger was used. Asregards of potato losses the best resultswas obtaind when hand fools step,and trador work step - 2 was used.4. The fallowed meehanisaitonsteps in field tests, effeet eonsiderablyon the yield. İn spite of the minorityof the potato Josses in manucıl work.step, the yield was 1513,66-2563,33kg/da, becide that the yield with traetor,work step - 1, where the potato losseswas maximum, has been found as2792,00-2840.66 kg/da. The bast yieldresults on the other handhos been obtainedwith the traetor work step - 2(2937,66-3070,33 kg/da).5. The manuel work in potatoseeding and harvesting deerases eonsiderabelywith the İnerease of the degreeof meehanİsaiton, While the needof man power per hectar beeİng 661,00 man hours in hand work step, thisamound of need decreases to 36,99man power - hour/ha with the useof automatic potato seeder and potato.combine. This need is only % 11,24of the need in hand work step.6. The facility of use and the workingcapacity of the tools and equipmentsused in different type of mechanisationsetps, are efTecting on theneed of anİma] drawn hours and tractorhours. As regard of the need ofanimal drawn work, the primitive polughis more handy than two - way anima!plough, As regard of he need oftraetor work on the other hand, thebest mechanisaiton step is "The tractorwork step - 2" where chain type(P.t.o. - driven) potato digger was used.7. The most effeetive factor whiehdetermines the possibility of mechanisationin potato seeding and harvestingis the cost per unit area. Betweenthe meehanisation steps fallowedduring the tests, the eost per unit areadjffered considerably. in the meehanisationsteps, labore costs and eostsof equipments effeet on the total costper hectare. Since the rnanual workin the "hand work step" is too highthe cost per hectare is also highst. Becidethat the same cost per heetareamounted % 82,91; % 93.39; % 63.58; % 52,30 and % 81,15 of the eostin "hand work step" by animal drawnwork step - 1, animal drawn workstep - 2, tractor work step - 1, tactorwork step - 2 and tractor work step3 respectİvely.As a result it can be said that thepotato yield .increases with the rise ofmechanisaiton step, but it seems inpossible to replace completeIly themanua! ,work by usig equipments. Besjdthat the labor eosts deeraesas ina certain limits with the rise of mechanisation.Amoung the mechanisation stepstested in this research, yield, necessityof manual work, and costs in mind,the bet results was obtained with themechanisation step of "Tractor workstep - 2", and it can be said that thisth best meehanisaiton step for the researchtoo. According to thejr degreeof opplicability, the other mechan.isationsteps could be ordered as fallow:Tractor work step . 3, tractor workstep - 1, animal drawn work step - ı,animal drawn work step&middot; 2, and rnanua](man) work step.Amoung the aix mechanisaitonsteps whose cahracteristics are determüıedwith this researsch, one couldprefare the proper mechanisation stepsfor the spesial conditions of his farm.