ERZURUM İLİ DOĞAL AGREGAT OCAKLARI AGREGATININ ve BU AGREGATLA İMAL EDİLEN BETONUN BAZI ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
ERZURUM İLİ DOĞAL AGREGAT OCAKLARI AGREGATININ ve BU AGREGATLA İMAL EDİLEN BETONUN BAZI ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNDE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Yazar: Uluata, Ali Rıza
Dergi: Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 3, 2010

ÖZETBu araştırma Erzurum ili doğal agregat ocakları agregatınınve bu agregatla imal edilen beotonun bazı özelliklerini saptamakamacıyla yapılmıştır, Araştırmada, Erzurum ili doğal agregat ocaklarımtemsil edebilecek özelliğe sahip 19 doğal agregat ocağı incelenmişve herbir agregat ocağından temin edilen agregat numuneleriüzerinde çalışılmıştır, Neticede agregat numunelerinin doğal&middot; granülometrieğrileri çizilerek, incelik modülleri hesaplanmıştır, Bunlarailaveten agregat numunelerinin kiİ+silt miktarı, kil toprakları miktarı,. organik madde miktarı, birim ağırlığı, özgül ağırlığı, hava tesikirlerinekarşı dayanıklılığı ve aşınma mukavemeti tayin edilmiŞtir, Deneflerleelde edilen veriler standart limitlerle karşılaştırılarpk gerekli münakaşalardansonra tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur, Agregat nunıuneleri ilesabit dozaJda ağırlık esasına göre hazırlanan havasız ve havalı taze betonnümıınelerinin birim ağı:/ığı ve hava yüzdesi, şertleşmiş beton numun~lerininise absorpsiyon kapasitesi tayin edilmiştir. Sertleşmiş beton nümunelerinin28 gün sonunda denemeye tabi tutulmasından; havalı betonnumunelerinin ortalama umukavetmetinin, havasız beton numunelerininortalama mukavemetinden ~ 30 kadar fazlalık gö'sterdiği tespit edilmiştir,Ayrıca havalı ve havasız beton numunelerinin 28 günlük basınç mukavemetleriesas alındığında, donma-çözünme deneyi sonunda havalı vehavasız beton numunelerinin ortalama mukavemetlerinin sırayla~ 6,44 ve ~ 12.06 oranında azaldığı bulunmuştur.A RESEARCH ON SOME PROPERTIES of AGGREGATES of NATURALAGGREGATE SOURCES of ERZURUM PROVINCE and THE CONCRETE MADE WITH THESE AGGREGATESThis research is conducated todetermine important properties ofaggregates obtained from the naturalaggregate sources of Erzurum provinceand to find out &ome properties ofnormal and air entrdined concrete prepared with these aggregates. As areı.ult of this study; properties of presentnatural aggregates and concreteprepared with them wou!d be known,and it would be reached 1.0 a conclusionabout some technical properties ofconcretes prepared with same aggregatessuch as strength, absorptionand resistanee to freezing and thawing.The samples of aggregates obtainedfrom the natural aggregate sourees ofErzurum, eement, 'potable water, waterreducing admixture (WRDA)ı differenttoo1s, instruments a'nd mechines,and freezers are used as researh materialsAmong natural aggregate sources whichare formed in the stream beds in theresearch area 29 of them are selectedas sourees to abtain the aggregates touse as the. main matedal of the research.A general knowledge was gainedabout aggregate sources by observationsan~ surveys made in place. Sufficientamount of (800-1000 kg;) mix aggregatefor experiments are picked fromevery seleeted aggregate source. Methodswhich are exp!ained in detaiı at properchapters such as sieve analysis, roodUıesof'finenesş, the amount of c1ay -silt,day lumps, organic matter, umt weight,spe;cifici gravity, absorption capacity,.resistanee to weathering, absrasion resistanceare used for the detennination of the properties of aggregate samples.Computation of concrete mixture isbased on eweight pereentage; workabiütiyof fresh concrete is determinedby slump and flow tests. The unit weightof fresh concrete İs found by samplingoGravimetric method İs used to determine.Ür content of conrete. The compressiyestrengths of hardened normal airentrainedconcrete are found by usinghydrau1ic press. The modulus of elasticityis ca1culated with the eqm1tionof Ros Absorption is found by usingweight basis. Resistnance to freezingthawingis determined by standart freezing&middot;thawing experiment.As a generalized concJusion; thethe experimentaJ!y found properties ofthe aggregate samp!es of the naturalaggregate sourees of Erzurum provincea9-d of the concrete prepared withthese aggregates, compared and discussed.Tehe semlts can be summarizedas fol1owing :1. Grading curves of studiedsamp1cs of fine aggregates exeept 2,sm samples of fine aggregates exeept4,8,19,26,27 and 29 numbered samplesand coarse aggregates exeept 10, ll,13, 18, 19 and 20 numbered samples arein the specified 1imits of standart gradingcurves. From dhe grading point ofwiew , aggregate, of those sourees areapproprlate for pteparation of eoncretewhich can be used for any purpose.All of the aggregate samples but 4,8, 24, 26 and 27 numbered samap1eshave fineness modulus within thelimits of advised values suggested byresearchers. Therefore fineness moduluswill not be a problem for preparationof ronerete.2. Cansidering the c1ay+silt orthe amount of fine material passing.the no: 200 standart sieve; exeept 2,ıo, 12, LS and 23 numbered fine aggregatesamples, every aggregate can beused for concİetes. For the eoneretewhich is subjected to the abrasion, onlyaggregates of 3, 7, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22,24, 25 and 26 numbered samples areadvised for use. All of the coarse aggregateshave smal amoun of c1ay+siltwhich is in the accepted limit forconcrete preparation.3. The amount of day lumps ormuddy matedals are not more thansPecified amounts in 1, 3, 5, 6, 9,ll, 13, 14,-15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,25, 26, 28 and 29 numbered fine aggregatesamples; but it is exeessivse inthe other fine agrgregate samples andin aLL of the co'arsa aggregate samples.4. Fine aggregate samples havelaw organic matteı (impritues). Forthis reason, there wiıı not be a problemregarding impurities.5. All of the fine aggregate samplç-sbut 14, 15, 22 and 26 numbered on~sh.8.ve unit weight values c10se to suggesteçl.fjgures by researchers. Unitweight values of coarse aggregate aresufficient to o"tain poreless and highstrength concrete. Compacted unitweights of fjne and coarse aggrl."gatesamples expect number 14, 15, &middot;22and 29 are lower than what researchersadvise for use in concrete.6. Saturated surfaee -dry specificgravity of fine and coarse aggregates areclose to the values which are deter-mined by researcher Even toughtabsarption capacities of both king ofaggregates are close to absorptioncapacities ot same aggregates aresc10se to absarption capacitiessame aggregates reported by samereseareh; theyare lower than advisedfigures. Therefore coneretes preparedwith these aggregates will have lowerresistanee to freezing and thawing.7. Depending on sodium sulfatetests; a large number_of aggregatesamples (except number 5, 6, 15, 20,24 and 28 fine aggregate samples andnumber 5, 6, 17, 19, 24, 25 and 28eoarse aggregate samples) are notdurable.'8. All of the samples of coarseaggregates are subjected to the LosAngales Abrasion tests. Dependingon the results, they can be usedmaking concrete. subject to abrasion.9. Theoric a:ıd sampled unit weightsworkabilities and the total volumes ofair proes of the prepared normal andair entrained [resh eonerete (exceptthose prepared wİth no: 5, 6, 12, B,'19, 24, 25, 27 and 28) are within thelimits given by the literature.i O. Compressive stregth of theair-entrained concrete shaws. 30 %avarage increase over the 28 dayscompressive strength of normal concrete.Stregth of normal roncrete (innon-reinforced concrate) and air-entrainnedconcrete (in non-reinforced andreinforeed) are very c10se to avaragegiven by literaturs.IL. Strength of the normal andair entrained toncrete decreasedwhen' the were subjected to freezİngthawingtest. This decrease from the28 days strength was avarage of 12.06%for normal and avarage of 6.44 %for air-entriined concrete. Decrease inthe modulus of elasticity respect tothe 28 days modulus of elsasticity was7.3 %for normal and 3.4%for air-entriair-entrained concrete. There fare airentrained concrete-is advisable for thisregion.12. The methods which are preferredand u~ed in this study can be used todetermine the properties of theaggregates of any region, -and for theproperties_of concrete made with thoseaggregates. 

ÖZETBu araştırma Erzurum ili doğal agregat ocakları agregatınınve bu agregatla imal edilen beotonun bazı özelliklerini saptamakamacıyla yapılmıştır, Araştırmada, Erzurum ili doğal agregat ocaklarımtemsil edebilecek özelliğe sahip 19 doğal agregat ocağı incelenmişve herbir agregat ocağından temin edilen agregat numuneleriüzerinde çalışılmıştır, Neticede agregat numunelerinin doğal&middot; granülometrieğrileri çizilerek, incelik modülleri hesaplanmıştır, Bunlarailaveten agregat numunelerinin kiİ+silt miktarı, kil toprakları miktarı,. organik madde miktarı, birim ağırlığı, özgül ağırlığı, hava tesikirlerinekarşı dayanıklılığı ve aşınma mukavemeti tayin edilmiŞtir, Deneflerleelde edilen veriler standart limitlerle karşılaştırılarpk gerekli münakaşalardansonra tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur, Agregat nunıuneleri ilesabit dozaJda ağırlık esasına göre hazırlanan havasız ve havalı taze betonnümıınelerinin birim ağı:/ığı ve hava yüzdesi, şertleşmiş beton numun~lerininise absorpsiyon kapasitesi tayin edilmiştir. Sertleşmiş beton nümunelerinin28 gün sonunda denemeye tabi tutulmasından; havalı betonnumunelerinin ortalama umukavetmetinin, havasız beton numunelerininortalama mukavemetinden ~ 30 kadar fazlalık gö'sterdiği tespit edilmiştir,Ayrıca havalı ve havasız beton numunelerinin 28 günlük basınç mukavemetleriesas alındığında, donma-çözünme deneyi sonunda havalı vehavasız beton numunelerinin ortalama mukavemetlerinin sırayla~ 6,44 ve ~ 12.06 oranında azaldığı bulunmuştur.A RESEARCH ON SOME PROPERTIES of AGGREGATES of NATURALAGGREGATE SOURCES of ERZURUM PROVINCE and THE CONCRETE MADE WITH THESE AGGREGATESThis research is conducated todetermine important properties ofaggregates obtained from the naturalaggregate sources of Erzurum provinceand to find out &ome properties ofnormal and air entrdined concrete prepared with these aggregates. As areı.ult of this study; properties of presentnatural aggregates and concreteprepared with them wou!d be known,and it would be reached 1.0 a conclusionabout some technical properties ofconcretes prepared with same aggregatessuch as strength, absorptionand resistanee to freezing and thawing.The samples of aggregates obtainedfrom the natural aggregate sourees ofErzurum, eement, 'potable water, waterreducing admixture (WRDA)ı differenttoo1s, instruments a'nd mechines,and freezers are used as researh materialsAmong natural aggregate sources whichare formed in the stream beds in theresearch area 29 of them are selectedas sourees to abtain the aggregates touse as the. main matedal of the research.A general knowledge was gainedabout aggregate sources by observationsan~ surveys made in place. Sufficientamount of (800-1000 kg;) mix aggregatefor experiments are picked fromevery seleeted aggregate source. Methodswhich are exp!ained in detaiı at properchapters such as sieve analysis, roodUıesof'finenesş, the amount of c1ay -silt,day lumps, organic matter, umt weight,spe;cifici gravity, absorption capacity,.resistanee to weathering, absrasion resistanceare used for the detennination of the properties of aggregate samples.Computation of concrete mixture isbased on eweight pereentage; workabiütiyof fresh concrete is determinedby slump and flow tests. The unit weightof fresh concrete İs found by samplingoGravimetric method İs used to determine.Ür content of conrete. The compressiyestrengths of hardened normal airentrainedconcrete are found by usinghydrau1ic press. The modulus of elasticityis ca1culated with the eqm1tionof Ros Absorption is found by usingweight basis. Resistnance to freezingthawingis determined by standart freezing&middot;thawing experiment.As a generalized concJusion; thethe experimentaJ!y found properties ofthe aggregate samp!es of the naturalaggregate sourees of Erzurum provincea9-d of the concrete prepared withthese aggregates, compared and discussed.Tehe semlts can be summarizedas fol1owing :1. Grading curves of studiedsamp1cs of fine aggregates exeept 2,sm samples of fine aggregates exeept4,8,19,26,27 and 29 numbered samplesand coarse aggregates exeept 10, ll,13, 18, 19 and 20 numbered samples arein the specified 1imits of standart gradingcurves. From dhe grading point ofwiew , aggregate, of those sourees areapproprlate for pteparation of eoncretewhich can be used for any purpose.All of the aggregate samples but 4,8, 24, 26 and 27 numbered samap1eshave fineness modulus within thelimits of advised values suggested byresearchers. Therefore fineness moduluswill not be a problem for preparationof ronerete.2. Cansidering the c1ay+silt orthe amount of fine material passing.the no: 200 standart sieve; exeept 2,ıo, 12, LS and 23 numbered fine aggregatesamples, every aggregate can beused for concİetes. For the eoneretewhich is subjected to the abrasion, onlyaggregates of 3, 7, 14, 15, 20, 21, 22,24, 25 and 26 numbered samples areadvised for use. All of the coarse aggregateshave smal amoun of c1ay+siltwhich is in the accepted limit forconcrete preparation.3. The amount of day lumps ormuddy matedals are not more thansPecified amounts in 1, 3, 5, 6, 9,ll, 13, 14,-15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,25, 26, 28 and 29 numbered fine aggregatesamples; but it is exeessivse inthe other fine agrgregate samples andin aLL of the co'arsa aggregate samples.4. Fine aggregate samples havelaw organic matteı (impritues). Forthis reason, there wiıı not be a problemregarding impurities.5. All of the fine aggregate samplç-sbut 14, 15, 22 and 26 numbered on~sh.8.ve unit weight values c10se to suggesteçl.fjgures by researchers. Unitweight values of coarse aggregate aresufficient to o"tain poreless and highstrength concrete. Compacted unitweights of fjne and coarse aggrl."gatesamples expect number 14, 15, &middot;22and 29 are lower than what researchersadvise for use in concrete.6. Saturated surfaee -dry specificgravity of fine and coarse aggregates areclose to the values which are deter-mined by researcher Even toughtabsarption capacities of both king ofaggregates are close to absorptioncapacities ot same aggregates aresc10se to absarption capacitiessame aggregates reported by samereseareh; theyare lower than advisedfigures. Therefore coneretes preparedwith these aggregates will have lowerresistanee to freezing and thawing.7. Depending on sodium sulfatetests; a large number_of aggregatesamples (except number 5, 6, 15, 20,24 and 28 fine aggregate samples andnumber 5, 6, 17, 19, 24, 25 and 28eoarse aggregate samples) are notdurable.'8. All of the samples of coarseaggregates are subjected to the LosAngales Abrasion tests. Dependingon the results, they can be usedmaking concrete. subject to abrasion.9. Theoric a:ıd sampled unit weightsworkabilities and the total volumes ofair proes of the prepared normal andair entrained [resh eonerete (exceptthose prepared wİth no: 5, 6, 12, B,'19, 24, 25, 27 and 28) are within thelimits given by the literature.i O. Compressive stregth of theair-entrained concrete shaws. 30 %avarage increase over the 28 dayscompressive strength of normal concrete.Stregth of normal roncrete (innon-reinforced concrate) and air-entrainnedconcrete (in non-reinforced andreinforeed) are very c10se to avaragegiven by literaturs.IL. Strength of the normal andair entrained toncrete decreasedwhen' the were subjected to freezİngthawingtest. This decrease from the28 days strength was avarage of 12.06%for normal and avarage of 6.44 %for air-entriined concrete. Decrease inthe modulus of elasticity respect tothe 28 days modulus of elsasticity was7.3 %for normal and 3.4%for air-entriair-entrained concrete. There fare airentrained concrete-is advisable for thisregion.12. The methods which are preferredand u~ed in this study can be used todetermine the properties of theaggregates of any region, -and for theproperties_of concrete made with thoseaggregates.