hakansabunis/tr-academic-research-agent-index huggingface dataset:
The Existence of Kurds in Caucasia
The Existence of Kurds in Caucasia
Yazar: Biçer, Bekir
Dergi: International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 5 No. 2, 2019
Anahtar kelimeler: Caucasia,Kurds,Kurdish homeland

The Kurdish people make up a nation that originated in the Middle East. It is largely accepted that the  Kurds’ mother country is in an area of Upper Mesopotamia to the southwest of Iran, meaning around the Zagros Mountains. In  truth,, many aspects of Kurdish history are still not entirely understood. For instance, subjects such as their initial emergence, how their ethnic structure formed, their relationships with the Persians, and the origin of the Kurdish language still remain unclear. One of the mysteries surrounding the Kurdish nation is the existence of Kurds in Caucasia. This paper attempts to find answers to the following questions: Is Caucasia the mother country of Kurds? When, from where, and how did Kurdish people come to Caucasia? In what area did the Kurds initially settle? Did they found a state and a military in Caucasia?

The Kurdish people make up a nation that originated in the Middle East. It is largely accepted that the  Kurds’ mother country is in an area of Upper Mesopotamia to the southwest of Iran, meaning around the Zagros Mountains. In  truth,, many aspects of Kurdish history are still not entirely understood. For instance, subjects such as their initial emergence, how their ethnic structure formed, their relationships with the Persians, and the origin of the Kurdish language still remain unclear. One of the mysteries surrounding the Kurdish nation is the existence of Kurds in Caucasia. This paper attempts to find answers to the following questions: Is Caucasia the mother country of Kurds? When, from where, and how did Kurdish people come to Caucasia? In what area did the Kurds initially settle? Did they found a state and a military in Caucasia?
Overview of Russo-Kurdish Relations in the Context of Turkey and Syria (1813-2019)
Overview of Russo-Kurdish Relations in the Context of Turkey and Syria (1813-2019)
Yazar: Konak, İsmet
Dergi: International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 6 No. 1, 2019
Anahtar kelimeler: Kurds,Tsarist Russia,Ottoman Empire,Soviet Union,Red Kurdistan,Republic of Turkey,Syrian Civil War,Afrin Campaign

When Russia builds military,economic, and social relationships with Turkey and Syria, it also activelyconsiders how to win the “kindness” of the Kurds. The Putin administration,aware of this necessity, has attempted to pursue a “balanced policy” in recentyears. Despite the policy’s issues during the Afrin (Kurdish: Efrîn) Campaignand the Operation of Peace Spring, Russo-Kurdish relations are constantlydeveloping and growing in importance. The relationship, which began followingthe Treaty of Gulistan, has always followed the bumby cruise. The OttomanEmpire (and later the Republic of Turkey) has played an especially active rolein determining the scope of this relationship. This paper uses a generalframework to analyze the Russo-Kurdish relationship from the age of ImperialRussia to the modern era of the Russian Federation.

When Russia builds military,economic, and social relationships with Turkey and Syria, it also activelyconsiders how to win the “kindness” of the Kurds. The Putin administration,aware of this necessity, has attempted to pursue a “balanced policy” in recentyears. Despite the policy’s issues during the Afrin (Kurdish: Efrîn) Campaignand the Operation of Peace Spring, Russo-Kurdish relations are constantlydeveloping and growing in importance. The relationship, which began followingthe Treaty of Gulistan, has always followed the bumby cruise. The OttomanEmpire (and later the Republic of Turkey) has played an especially active rolein determining the scope of this relationship. This paper uses a generalframework to analyze the Russo-Kurdish relationship from the age of ImperialRussia to the modern era of the Russian Federation.
Eastern Turkey’s Socio-Economic Situation Between 1945 and 1960
Eastern Turkey’s Socio-Economic Situation Between 1945 and 1960
Yazar: Nergiz, Bilal
Dergi: International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 6 No. 1, 2019
Anahtar kelimeler: Kurdish Question,Economy,Aghas,Agriculture,Transportation

This study evaluates theTurkish government’s economic policy toward the Kurds as well as their positionduring the process. The period considered ranges from the transition to multi-partyrule in 1945 to the coup d’état on May 27, 1960. Previously, the one-partyadministration had considered the Kurds to be a problem that must be eliminated;they were ignored, exiled, and assimilated in the early post-republic period.By 1938, eastern Turkey, where the Kurds largely resided, had been integratedwith the west in a geographical sense due to the security policies implemented.The Kurds, who had grown weak in the previous two decades, began to face a new statepolicy in 1945. The government sought economic integration between the east andthe west to allow for the national market to penetrate the east. In the post-1945period, the government began to look at the Kurdish problem from a new perspective;investments in Kurdish areas were finally being discussed and the plight of theKurdish people in this process was put forward and considered.

This study evaluates theTurkish government’s economic policy toward the Kurds as well as their positionduring the process. The period considered ranges from the transition to multi-partyrule in 1945 to the coup d’état on May 27, 1960. Previously, the one-partyadministration had considered the Kurds to be a problem that must be eliminated;they were ignored, exiled, and assimilated in the early post-republic period.By 1938, eastern Turkey, where the Kurds largely resided, had been integratedwith the west in a geographical sense due to the security policies implemented.The Kurds, who had grown weak in the previous two decades, began to face a new statepolicy in 1945. The government sought economic integration between the east andthe west to allow for the national market to penetrate the east. In the post-1945period, the government began to look at the Kurdish problem from a new perspective;investments in Kurdish areas were finally being discussed and the plight of theKurdish people in this process was put forward and considered.
The Shi'ite Movement in Iraq
The Shi'ite Movement in Iraq
Yazar: Koç, Mehmet Akif
Dergi: International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 6 No. 1, 2019
Anahtar kelimeler: Iraq,Shi'ite Movement,Kurdish,The Middle East

This paper aims to understand the religious,political, and organizational background of the Shi’ite movement in Iraq. Itidentifies the relationships that Iraqi Shi’ite groups have developed withother regional actors, most notably Iran, as well as the Shi’ite opinionleaders who have earned a prominent religious and political identity in thecountry, including Ayatollah Sistani, Muqtada al-Sadr, and the al-Hekim family.Finally, this paper also analyzes Shi’ite relations with and approaches to thestate. Faleh Cabbar, an Iraqi sociologist, offers a very important historicaland general framework in his book on the Shi’ite Movement in Iraq. However,much of it will require constant updates since its utility as a bedside resource willrapidly diminish as the position and actions of Iraqi Shi’ites change overtime.

This paper aims to understand the religious,political, and organizational background of the Shi’ite movement in Iraq. Itidentifies the relationships that Iraqi Shi’ite groups have developed withother regional actors, most notably Iran, as well as the Shi’ite opinionleaders who have earned a prominent religious and political identity in thecountry, including Ayatollah Sistani, Muqtada al-Sadr, and the al-Hekim family.Finally, this paper also analyzes Shi’ite relations with and approaches to thestate. Faleh Cabbar, an Iraqi sociologist, offers a very important historicaland general framework in his book on the Shi’ite Movement in Iraq. However,much of it will require constant updates its utility as a bedside resource willrapidly diminish as the position and actions of Iraqi Shi’ites change overtime.
The Place of Dengbéjî in Modern Singing Techniques
The Place of Dengbéjî in Modern Singing Techniques
Yazar: Cebe, Rohat; Cebe, Rohat
Dergi: International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 6 No. 2, 2020
Anahtar kelimeler: Modern Singing Techniques,Dengbêj Tradition,Opera,Traditional Kurdish Music ; Modern Singing Techniques,Dengbêj Tradition,Opera,Traditional Kurdish Music

The dengbêji bards who usually sing unaccompanied are the cornerstone of Kurdish traditional classical performance. They have sought to preserve the purity of their singing style and technique from the past to the present; and, they have maintained an existence that has been independent of modernization or foreign interchange. On the other hand, in the West especially from the start of the 20th century, classical music has changed in character reflecting cultural, political and technological developments. Opera singers, performance artists who undergo classical voice training have benefited by these technological developments, and are held in high esteem especially in regard to their voice production. Surprisingly, their modern singing techniques have a great deal in common with the age-old techniques of the Kurdish dengbêji. The present study examines both the commonalities and the differences.

The dengbêji bards who usually sing usually unaccompanied are the cornerstone of Kurdish traditional classical performance. They have sought to preserve the purity of their singing style and technique from the past to the present; and, they have maintained an existence that has been independent of modernization or foreign interchange. On the other hand, in the West especially from the start of the 20th century, classical music has changed in character reflecting cultural, political and technological developments. Opera singers, performance artists who undergo classical voice training have benefited by these technological developments, and are held in high esteem especially in regard to their voice production. Surprisingly, their modern singing techniques have a great deal in common with the age-old techniques of the Kurdish dengbêji. The present study examines both the commonalities and the differences.
Book Review: Killing in the Name of Identity: A Study of Bloody Conflicts
Book Review: Killing in the Name of Identity: A Study of Bloody Conflicts
Yazar: Koç, Mehmet Akif
Dergi: International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 6 No. 2, 2020
Anahtar kelimeler: Identity,psychology,,international relations,,conflict,,Middle East

Professor Volkan's remarkable study offers a holistic approach regarding the identitity-related issues and conflict resolution on the national / regional / international scale from the valuable perspective of a worldwide theorist and scientist. The application of psychology and psychoanalysis methods to the field of international relations draws attention as a revolutionary method in itself. As a Turkish Cypriot scholar, the author's own personal experiences particularly on the bloody period of 1960-75 among the Turkish and Greek communities on the island, further enrich the sociological background of this study.

Professor Volkan's remarkable study offers a holistic approach regarding the identitity-related issues and conflict resolution on the national / regional / international scale from the valuable perspective of a worldwide theorist and scientist. The application of psychology and psychoanalysis methods to the field of international relations draws attention as a revolutionary method in itself. As a Turkish Cypriot scholar, the author's own personal experiences particularly on the bloody period of 1960-75 among the Turkish and Greek communities on the island, further enrich the sociological background of this study.
An Analysis of Adiyaman’s Compilation of Kurdish Orally Transmitted Folktales Utilizing the Methodology of Russian Formalist Literary Criticism: The Folktale Gurrî û Hûtê Kor
An Analysis of Adiyaman’s Compilation of Kurdish Orally Transmitted Folktales Utilizing the Methodology of Russian Formalist Literary Criticism: The Folktale Gurrî û Hûtê Kor
Yazar: Çifçi, Tekin
Dergi: International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 6 No. 2, 2020
Anahtar kelimeler: Kurdish folktales,Morphological substructures,Formalist literary criticism,Gurrî folktales,Narratology

Using the methodology of Vladimir Propp (1895-1970), a major figure in Russian Formalist literary criticism, this study analyzes Adiyaman’s compilation of Kurdish orally transmitted folktales known as Gurrî û Hûtê Kor. In his major work The Morphology of the Folktale (1928), Propp reduced the Russian folktales compiled by A.N. Afanasyev to what he himself called “functions,” otherwise “morphological substructures.” The Gurrî û Hûtê Kor folktales are a  variant of the Gurrî folktales as elaborated on by Kurds speaking Kurmanji in Adıyaman and its surroundings. Also discussed is the role of the folktale in the moral education of society, young and old in view of the importance of the folktale as fantasy intertwined with social realities and universal truths.

Using the methodology of Vladimir Propp (1895-1970), a major figure in Russian Formalist literary criticism, this study analyzes Adiyaman’s compilation of Kurdish orally transmitted folktales known as Gurrî û Hûtê Kor. In his major work The Morphology of the Folktale (1928), Propp reduced the Russian folktales compiled by A.N. Afanasyev to what he himself called “functions,” otherwise “morphological substructures.” The Gurrî û Hûtê Kor folktales are a  variant of the Gurrî folktales as elaborated on by Kurds speaking Kurmanji in Adıyaman and its surroundings. Also discussed is the role of the folktale in the moral education of society, young and old in view of the importance of the folktale as fantasy intertwined with social realities and universal truths.
Kakais with Religious Beliefs and Rituals
Kakais with Religious Beliefs and Rituals
Yazar: Tezokur, Muhammed
Dergi: International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 6 No. 2, 2020
Anahtar kelimeler: Kakais,Ahl-e Haqq,Kurd,Turk,Incarnation,reincarnation

Today, Kakaî communities in Iran known as Ahl-e Haqq live in Iraqi provinces especially in settlements in Mosul, Kirkuk-Dakuk, Diyale-Hanekin, Tuzhurmatı, Suleymaniye-Kelar. They undertake to hide their beliefs because of security concerns. The Kakailik synchretic Islamic religious belief is heterodox.  It finds Zoroastrianism, Mitraism, Brahmanism and Hinduism, early tenets of the Kakai belief being incarnation and reincarnation. An important Kakailik place of pilgrimage is the Sultan İshak Tomb. For the Kakaî, Sultan İshak, who founded their spiritual sultanate is considered to be second in rank only to ‘Alī. The Kakaî believe in both resurrection and reincarnation. While some Kakaî claim to be Turkmen, others consider themselves to be Kurdish. Scholars such as Al-Azzawi, Edmonds, Hawramani and Moosa come to mind regarding studies on the Kakaî in Iraq.

Today, Kakaî communities in Iran known as Ahl-e Haqq live in Iraqi provinces especially in settlements in Mosul, Kirkuk-Dakuk, Diyale-Hanekin, Tuzhurmatı, Suleymaniye-Kelar. They undertake to hide their beliefs because of security concerns. The Kakailik synchretic Islamic religious belief is heterodox.  It finds Zoroastrianism, Mitraism, Brahmanism and Hinduism, early tenets of the Kakai belief being incarnation and reincarnation. An important Kakailik place of pilgrimage is the Sultan İshak Tomb. For the Kakaî, Sultan İshak, who founded their spiritual sultanate is considered to be second in rank only to ‘Alī. The Kakaî believe in both resurrection and reincarnation. While some Kakaî claim to be Turkmen, others consider themselves to be Kurdish. Scholars such as Al-Azzawi, Edmonds, Hawramani and Moosa come to mind regarding studies on the Kakaî in Iraq.
Kürtçe, Türkçe ve İngilizce Atasözlerinde Azim, Başarı, Çalışkanlık, Kararlılık ve Tembellik İfadeleri
Expressions of Determination, Success, Diligence, Stability and Laziness in Kurdish, Turkish and English Proverbs
Yazar: Babayiğit, Mehmet Veysi
Dergi: International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 6 No. 2, 2020
Anahtar kelimeler: Proverbs,Kurdish,Turkish,English,Similarity,Contextual ; Atasözleri,Kürtçe,Türkçe,İngilizce,Benzerlik,Bağlamsal

Dil, etkileşim ve iletişim için temel araçtır ve dilin bir yansıması olan kültür, uluslararası gelenekleri ve yaşam biçimlerini ortaya çıkarır. Kısa ve anlamlı ifadelerin kalıpları olarak tanımlanan atasözleri farklı toplumlara özgüdür. Atasözleri gözlem, doğa, gelenek ve sosyal olaylara göre şekillenir. Her toplumun kendi atasözlerinin olmasına rağmen, farklı dillerde ve farklı topluluklarda benzer bağlamlarda atasözleri bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Kürtçe, Türkçe ve İngilizcede; Azim, Başarı, Çalışkanlık, Kararlılık ve Tembellik bağlamında benzer atasözlerini incelemektir. Çalışmamız için veriler; kitap, makale ve dergilerde bulunan atasözlerinin bağlamsal benzerliklerinin belirlenmesi ile toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın yöntemi betimsel ile nitel olup, betimsel tarama modeline dayanmaktadır. Sonuçlar, her üç dilde Azim, Başarı, Çalışkanlık, Kararlılık ve Tembellik bağlamında atasözlerinin mevcut olduğu; ancak analiz edilen atasözlerinin, anadilde ve hedef dilde bağlamsal olarak benzer olanların aynı zamanda farklı kelimelerle ifade edildiğini göstermiştir. Üç dilde atasözlerini inceleyen benzer bir çalışmanın olmaması, bu çalışmanın etkileyici ve başarılı bir çalışma olacağını varsaymaktadır.

Language is the basic tool for interaction and communication, and culture as a reflection of language reveals traditions and ways of life among the nations. Proverbs defined as patterns of short and meaningful expressions are specific to different societies. Proverbs are shaped based on observation, nature, tradition and social events. Although each society has its own proverbs, there are proverbs in different languages and different communities that are in similar contexts. The purpose of this study is to investigate similar proverbs in context of Determination, Success, Diligence, Stability and Laziness in Kurdish, Turkish and English. The data for our study was collected by determining contextual likenesses of proverbs found in books, articles and journals. The method of the study is descriptive and qualitative, and it is based on the descriptive survey model. The results were that there are similar proverbs in context of Determination, Success, Diligence, Stability and Laziness in all three languages; however, of the proverbs analysed those that were contextually similar in native and target languages were nonetheless expressed in different words. The absence of a similar study investigating proverbs in three languages suggests that this study should have an impact and a success.
Semantic and Modal Analysis of Some Verbs in Kurdish, Turkish and English
Semantic and Modal Analysis of Some Verbs in Kurdish, Turkish and English
Yazar: Babayiğit, Mehmet Veysi
Dergi: International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 7 No. 1, 2020
Anahtar kelimeler: Kürtçe,Türkçe,İngilizce,Fiillerin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi,Dilbilim ; Kurdish,Turkish,English,Comparative Analysis of Verbs,Linguistics

Dil, küresel varlığımızı bir arada tutan bir zamktır. Şiir ve yazılarla ufukta ilk kez ortaya görünen İngilizce; modern dönemdeki lingua franca (ortak dil)’dir. Disiplinler arası boyutuyla modern bir bilim dalı olan dilbilim, sadece modern dilleri değil, aynı zamanda Kürtçe ve Türkçe gibi eski dillere de uygulanmaktadır ve tüm dilleri kapsamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, üç dili karşılaştırmak makuldür. Bu çalışma, dilin başlangıç noktası olarak alınan fiil üzerine odaklanmaktadır. Zaman ve fiil anlamsal yapısı açısından bazı fiiller incelenmiş ve betimlenmiştir. Çalışmanın verileri çeşitli kitap, makale ve dergilerden toplanmıştır. Oluş, durum ve iş-kılış fiillerinin örnekleri; modern anlamdaki zamanın benimsendiğini ve evrensel olduğunu göstermektedir. İngilizce, zamanın anlamını iletmek için yardımcı fiiller kullanır.

Language is the glue that holds together our global existence. The most recent lingua franca in modern times is English, a language that first appeared on the horizon with the poetry and writings. Linguistics, a modern science with its interdisciplinary dimension encompasses all languages, not only the modern languages but is also being applied to ancient languages such as Kurdish and Turkish. In this context, it makes sense to compare the three. This study focuses on the verb which is taken to be the starting point of language. A selection of verbs is examined and described in terms of tense and the meaning of those tense structures. The data for the study is collected from various books, articles and journals. Examples of verbs of being, state and action demonstrate that tense in the modern sense has taken hold and is universal. English uses auxiliary verbs to convey the meaning of the tense.
Interaction of Kurdology with the Russian Empire’s Foreign Policy Towards the Ottoman Kurds
Interaction of Kurdology with the Russian Empire’s Foreign Policy Towards the Ottoman Kurds
Yazar: Başaran, Ali
Dergi: International Journal of Kurdish Studies, Vol. 7 No. 2, 2021
Anahtar kelimeler: Russian Empire,Kurdology,Ottoman Kurds,Interaction

The aim of the present research is to determine whether or not there was interaction between the Russian Empire’s policy towards Kurds and the course of Kurdology in the Russian Empire. It is accepted that discrepancies within adversarial nation-states are highlighted through differences in religion, sect, tribe, and region. Therefore, those of the knowledgeable and able, who for example speak the language of the majority nation, are called upon to create a political opposition in a rival state. For this purpose, institutions were established for confidential or open intelligence, production, and publication of information. And, the role of Kurdology in creating or highlighting differences regarding actualization of political opposition can be determined. The present article analyzes the collection of information about Kurds in the Russian Empire/RE and the effect of the Russian Empire’s policies on their formulation. From this point of view, the works in the Russian State Library with a title containing the word “Kurds” are interpreted according to year, type, and languages, taking into consideration the persons involved in their preparation. The resultant conclusion is that Kurdology in the Russian Empire is seen to have interacted with the policies of the Russian Empire.

The aim of the present research is to determine whether or not there was interaction between the Russian Empire’s policy towards Kurds and the course of Kurdology in the Russian Empire. It is accepted that discrepancies within adversarial nation-states are highlighted through differences in religion, sect, tribe, and region. Therefore, those of the knowledgeable and able, who for example speak the language of the majority nation, are called upon to create a political opposition in a rival state. For this purpose, institutions were established for confidential or open intelligence, production, and publication of information. And, the role of Kurdology in creating or highlighting differences regarding actualization of political opposition can be determined. The present article analyzes the collection of information about Kurds in the Russian Empire/RE and the effect of the Russian Empire’s policies on their formulation. From this point of view, the works in the Russian State Library with a title containing the word “Kurds” are interpreted according to year, type, and languages, taking into consideration the persons involved in their preparation. The resultant conclusion is that Kurdology in the Russian Empire is seen to have interacted with the policies of the Russian Empire.