Er-Risâle Dergisindeki Doğu Edebiyatına Dair Yazılar Üzerine Bir İnceleme
An Examination on the Articles of Oriental Literature in the Journal of ar-Risala
Yazar: Bostancı, Ahmet; Özli, Zehra
Dergi: Bilimname, Vol. 2019 No. 38, 2019
Anahtar kelimeler: Arabic Language and Rhetoric,Modern Arabic Literature,ar-Risala,Ahmad Hassan Zayyat,Abdoulwahab Azzam,Oriental Literature ; Modern Arap Edebiyatı,er-Risâle Dergisi,Ahmed Hasan Zeyyat,Doğu Edebiyatı,Abdülvehhab Azzam

er-Risâle dergisiAhmed Hasan Zeyyât editörlüğünde 1933-1953 yılları arasında haftalık olarakçıkartılan edebî bir dergidir. Alt başlığında kendisini edebiyat, sanat vebilim dergisi olarak tanımlamıştır. Derginin editörü ve sahibi olan Ahmed HasanZeyyât, Ezher'de ve Mısır Üniversitesi'nde eğitim almış, Edebiyat Fakültesi’ndensonra Fransız Hukuk Okulu'nu bitirmiştir. Mısır'da bulunanMecmau'l-lugati'l-Arabiyye’de, Şam'daki el-Mecmau'l-ilmiyyu'l-Arabî'de,el-Mecmau'l-ilmiyyu'l-Irakî'de, Lecnetü Mu'cemi elfâzi'l-Kur'ân,Lecnetü'l-lehecât, Lecnetü'l-Mu'cemi'l-vasît gibi Arap dili ile ilgiliçalışmalar yapan önemli kurullarda üyelik yapmıştır. Vahyu'r-Risâle kitabıyladevlet ödülü ve Mısır'da edebiyat dalında devlet takdir ödülü kazanmıştır.Ahmed Hasan Zeyyât’ın sahibiolduğu er-Risâle dergisinde dönemin en önemli edebiyatçılarından olan 'AbbasMahmud 'Akkâd, Ahmed Emin, Tâhâ Hüseyin,Tevfik Hakîm, Ali et-Tantâvî ve 'Abdülvehhâb 'Azzâm gibi isimlerin yazılarıyayınlanmıştır. Ayrıca Mısır dışındaki Arap ülkelerinden de pek çok yazar budergide makale kaleme almıştır. Böylece er-Risâle tüm Arap dünyasına hitap edenbir dergi olmuştur. Dergi Arap edebiyatının yanı sıra Batı edebiyatına ve Doğuedebiyatına da yer vermiştir. Doğu edebiyatı köşesi genelde 'Abdülvehhâb 'Azzâmtarafından yazılmış ve bu köşede Hint edebiyatı, Fars edebiyatı, Uzak Doğuedebiyatı ve Türk edebiyatı ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma, derginin editörü vedergi hakkında genel bilgiler verildikten sonra, derginin ilk yılında Doğuedebiyatı köşesinde yayınlanan yazıları ele almıştır. Doğu edebiyatı bölümünde İranve Türk edebiyatına ağırlık verildiği görülmektedir. Bu makaleler eleştiri vetahlil yazıları şeklinde değildir. Tarihi bilgi aktaran ya da örnek metinlerintercümesini veren didaktik yazılardan oluşmaktadır.

Journalism began with the arrival of Napoleon Bonaparte in Egypt. French forces tried to establish a connection with the public through with the newspaper et-Tenbih in 1798. When French forces left Egypt, Muhammed Ali Pasha published his own newspaper using the printing house they left behind. The newspapers published during and after Muhammad Ali Pasha were the official newspapers that acted as the spokespersons of the government. Even though these newspapers had literary writings, they were mainly political news. The first literary newspaper published in Egypt in 1870 is considered Ravdatu’l-madaris. Many magazines and newspapers were published after this newspaper. For example, al-Muqtataf, al-Hilal, al-Bayan, az-Ziya, al-Jarida, az-Zuhur, al-Siyasatu’l-usbuiyye, Apollo, es-Sakafa, ez-Zuhûr and es-Sekâfe are the main journals published before ar-Risala. These journals were accepted as literary journals, but they also included articles dealing with economic, scientific and social problems due to the publishing policies of that period.The journal ar-Risala is a literary periodical that was published weekly during 1933-1953 under the editorship of Ahmad Hassan Zayyat. By its subtitle, ar-Risala considered itself a journal of literature, art, and science. Ahmad Hassan Zayyat, the editor and owner of the journal, studied at the Azhar University and the University of Egypt, and after completing his education at the Faculty of Literature, he graduated from the French Law School. Apart from teaching at secondary and high school, he also worked at the Baghdad Higher Teacher Education School. Ahmad Hassan Zayyat was a member of important committees working on the Arabic language such as the Arabic Language Academy in Cairo, the Arab Academy of Sciences in Damascus, the Iraqi Academy of Sciences, the Committee for Facilitating Scripture, the Committee for the Lexicon of Qur’anic Terms, the Committee for Dialects, and the Committee for the Wasit Dictionary. He received a state award for his book Wahyu’r-Risala and a state recognition award for literature in Egypt. Ahmad Hassan Zayyat translated many literary works like from French literature. The most well-known of these translations is The Sorrows of Young Werther. He is also the author of numerous books and articles. For example his History of Arabic Literature book has been used as a textbook in schools for years. He also has several books in which he brought his articles together.Some of the era’s most important literary figures like Ahmad Amin, Taha Hussein, Abbas Mahmoud al-Aqqad, Tawfiq al-Hakim, Ali at-Tantawy and Abdoulwahab Azzam wrote articles for ar-Risala. Moreover, many authors from various Arab countries beyond Egypt also contributed articles to the journal. Thus, ar-Risala became a journal that appealed to the whole Arab world. In January 1937, Ahmad Hassan Zayyat announced that he would publish a journal named ar-Riwaya due to the intense interest of the writers. At the end of 1939, he combined this magazine with ar-Risala because of the economic crisis caused by the Second World War.In the first year of its publication, ar-Risala journal was published in every two weeks. After the first year, the journal started to be published weekly. The journal ar-Risala hosted western and oriental literatures beside Arabic literature. In the last stage of this study, the oriental literary articles which were published in the journal’s first year are discussed. We found that the eastern or oriental literary column, which generally Abdoulwahab Azzam was in charge for, offered insight into Indian, Persian, Far Eastern, and Turkish literatures. At first year in the first 25 issues, a total of 22 articles are related to eastern literature. One of them is about Indian literature. Three of them apply to Far East literature, eight of them Iranian literature and ten of them Turkish literature. It is seen that Persian and Turkish literature is given more emphasis in Eastern literature. It should also be noted that these articles do not contain any analysis or criticism. These articles provide more historical information or present common aspects of cultures or provide a translation of a sample of a poet or writer from the literature. In other words, they are instructive and introductory rather than critical. ar-Risala, one of the most important literary journals of the period, is a magazine with an important staff of poets and writers. It has been a magazine that all literature lovers eagerly await from students to literature teachers. ar-Risala, which is a magazine of great importance and interest in the Arab world, is also important in terms of showing the literary atmosphere and to give an idea about the preferences of the readers. This study has tried to present this subject by examining the Oriental Literature articles and ar-Risala.