İtalyan L’asino Siyasi Hiciv Dergisinin Trablusgarp Savaşı’na Muhalif Yaklaşımı
Italian L'Asino Political Satire Magazine's Opposition Approach to the Italo-Turkish War
Yazar: Çakı, Caner; Gülada, Mehmet Ozan
Dergi: Intermedia International E-journal, Vol. 11 No. 21, 2024
Anahtar kelimeler: Communication Studies ; İletişim Çalışmaları ; Communication and Media Studies (Other) ; İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları (Diğer) ; Italo-Turkish War,Magazine,Political Satire,Italy,Ottoman Empire ; Trablusgarp Savaşı,Dergi,Siyasi Hiciv,İtalya,Osmanlı İmparatorluğu

İtalya, 1911 yılında Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na ait olan Trablusgarp’ı işgale girişmiştir. İtalya içerisinde bu işgal girişimini destekleyenler olduğu kadar savaşa muhalif bir cephe de meydana gelmiştir. Savaş sırasında İtalyan siyasi hiciv dergisi L’Asino, muhalif bir tutum sergileyerek İtalya’nın Trablusgarp İşgali’ni kapaklarında görsel ve yazılar üzerinden eleştirmiştir. Çalışmada L’Asino Dergisi’nde İtalya’nın Trablusgarp İşgali’ni hicveden çeşitli kapakları üzerinden Trablusgarp Savaşı’na muhalif İtalyan kamuoyuna ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu şekilde çalışmada İtalya’da savaş karşıtı ne tür söylemlere yer verildiğinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla konuya ilişkin L’Asino Dergisi’nin sekiz kapağı, David A. Snow’un sembolik etkileşim yaklaşımı üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada derginin kapakları üzerinden her iki taraftan da asker kayıplarının önemsenmeksizin savaşın belirli askeri ve siyasi amaçlar ve belirli grupların çıkarları doğrultusunda devam ettirildiğinin ileri sürüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca kapaklar içerisinde savaşın İtalya’da belirli bir zümrenin zenginleşmesine yol açtığı belirtilmiştir. Bunun yanında dergide İtalyan ve Türk halkının barış içerisinde hareket etmesi teşvik edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Neticede çalışmada L’Asino Dergisi’nin, hükümet karşıtı bir tutum içerisinde milliyetçiliğe ve işgale karşı tavır alarak Trablusgarp Savaşı’na yönelik eleştiride bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

In the study, L'Asino Magazine, which exhibited an oppositional attitude towards the Tripoli War through its covers among the Italian press, was examined. Within the scope of the study, it was aimed to reveal the anti-war discourses in Italy by examining the covers of L'Asino Magazine through symbolic interaction. In the study, the following questions were sought to be answered based on the findings obtained from the covers: - How was the Italian side presented on the covers of L'Asino Magazine? - How was the Ottoman side presented on the covers of L'Asino Magazine? - Which anti-war discourse/s were highlighted on the covers of L'Asino Magazine?The Italian press, which supported the Tripoli War through nationalist discourses, was discussed. The study differs in that it examines the discourse opposing the Tripoli War within the Italian press. In this respect, the study is important in that it enriches the literature on the subject by emphasizing the opposition in the Italian press in the Tripoli War.In the study, all covers of L'Asino Magazine covering the Tripoli War period (29 Sep 1911 - 18 Oct 1912) constitute the universe of the study. Since only 51 covers of L'Asino Magazine from 1912 can be accessed in the digital library of the Giangiacomo Feltrinelli Foundation, within the scope of the study, only the 51 covers of the magazine from 1912 were selected. Using the purposeful sampling method in the study, 8 covers directly covering the Tripoli War and satirizing the war or its outcome were analyzed as the sample of the study. It was revealed that the covers selected as samples in the study generally tried to form certain meanings about human interaction. For this reason, within the scope of the study, magazine covers were examined through David A. Snow's symbolic interaction approach in order to comprehensively reveal the meanings intended to be constructed on the basis of human interaction through the visuals and texts on the covers. Eight magazine covers selected as samples in the study were analyzed respectively based on human activity, interactive determination, symbolization and development.The Tripoli War was one of the last wars in which the Ottoman Empire took part in the disintegration process, and as a result of the war, it lost the last piece of land it dominated in the African continent. Both the Italian press and the Ottoman press sought to convey to their readers what happened during the war and sometimes made various evaluations about the war. While these evaluations sometimes led directly to a discourse in support of the war, sometimes they emerged as criticism of the war. In the Italian political satire magazine L'Asino, which was examined within the scope of the study, discourses criticizing the war and encouraging peace were sometimes published.