Geleneksel Motiflerin Türk Resim Sanatında Kültürel Bir Unsur Olarak Kullanılması
Use of Traditional Motifts as a Cultural Element in Turkish Painting
Yazar: Alkaç, Pınar; Aydoğan, Yeşim
Dergi: İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, Vol. 14 No. 30, 2024
Anahtar kelimeler: Painting ; Resim ; Traditional,Cultural Element,Motif,Turkish Painting Art,Turkish Art ; Geleneksel,Kültürel Unsur,Motif,Türk Resim Sanatı,Türk Sanatı

Her toplum var olduğu coğrafyanın; dini, sosyal yaşamı ve düşünce yapısının bir yansıması olarak kültürel kimliğini oluşturmaktadır. Toplumların bu kültürel yapısı kendi içinde birçok unsuru barındırmaktadır. Tarihi binlerce yıllık bir geçmişe dayanan Türk toplulukları da, kültürel olarak büyük bir zenginliğe sahiptir. Bu zenginlikler, somut olan ya da olmayan birçok kültürel mirası içinde barındırmaktadır. Türk topluluklarında yer edinmiş el sanatları, işlemeler, nakışlar, mimari vs. gibi unsurlar bu kültürel mirasın önemli parçalarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu gibi unsurlarda kültürü yansıtan en önemli öğelerden biri de süslemelerdir. Bu süslemeler, tarihi süreç içerisinde varlığını korumuş, toplumun kültürünü yansıtan bir yapıya bürünmüş ve kendi içinde çeşitli motifleri barındırarak zengin bir motif birikimini meydana getirmiştir. Toplumun birçok üretimine yansıyan motifler, Türk resim sanatına da yansımış ve sanatçılar tarafından kültürel bir unsur olarak ele alınarak özgün yorumlar oluşturulmuştur.

his research aims to examine the motifs that have a place in traditional arts from a cultural perspective and to analyze the examples of these motifs reflected in Turkish painting art. This study, prepared using qualitative research method in line with literature reviews, aims to reveal that motifs used as decorative elements in traditional arts are an important element of the cultural structure and have an artistic structure for painting applications. For the intended result, qualitative research method was used by conducting a literature review on traditional Turkish motifs and their reflection in Turkish painting. In this regard, resources such as articles and books were used. In line with the research conducted, examples of works by artists who used traditional motifs in Turkish painting were examined. Descriptive analysis method was also used during the work reviews.Every society has a cultural heritage that reflects its common character. This cultural accumulation reflects common norms such as the society's lifestyle and thought system. The cultural values that reflect these norms constitute tangible and intangible cultural assets. While tangible cultural assets include works of art and sites that have survived to the present day, intangible cultural assets include cultural elements such as traditional arts. The motifs that form an important part of these traditional arts are also included in intangible cultural assets. Turkish communities have produced various traditional arts throughout history and have continued these arts. However, the same continuity and diversity is also seen in the motifs. Turkish motif accumulation has developed, diversified and taken shape in line with lifestyle and cultural changes throughout the historical process. The religious and social life of the society in which they exist has a great influence on the shaping of these motifs. Accordingly, while plant and animal motifs were seen intensively in Turkish arts before Islam, it is seen that geometric forms and decorations were applied intensively to handicrafts under the influence of Islam after Islam. Motifs, which have diversified throughout the historical process, have become an alternative symbolic expression method for many visual disciplines that want to reflect the identity of society. In Turkish painting, traditional motifs, which constitute an attractive cultural element, have been used in applications by artists who turn to local subjects along with the problem of locality/nationality in art. In this regard, when we look at Turkish painting, we see that it is reflected in the practices of many artists. Among the artists who reflect traditional motifs in their practices are Fikret Otyam, Nurullah Berk, Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu, Eren Eyüboğlu, Abidin Dino, Hüsamettin Koçan. Traditional motifs can be seen in the regional elements used in Otyam’s paintings, in the motific forms and elements used by Berk, in the compositions created by Bedri Rahmi Eyüboğlu based on traditional arts, in Eren Eyüboğlu’s abstract paintings based on Anatolia and Istanbul, in the “Flowers” series created by Dino, and in Koçan’s symbols and icons reflecting Anatolian civilizations. These artists not only reflected their own culture with the applications they created by using motifs, but also created plastic values with the rich appearance of the motifs.In this article, by conducting some research and examinations on traditional motifs and examples of works that have an impact on Turkish painting, it has been revealed that the effects of traditional motifs are seen in the works of Turkish artists and that the accumulation of Turkish motifs as a cultural element has a rich content for painting. In this context, the use of traditional motifs in Turkish painting and the reflections of these motifs on the works were examined through examples. In line with the research and examinations carried out, it has been revealed that traditional Turkish motifs have a rich variety and that many artists in Turkish painting have created original interpretations by considering motifs as an element reflecting their culture. It is thought that this study will constitute an important resource in terms of raising awareness about local approaches for today's and future artists.