Kelami Açıdan İnsan Fıtratı ve Bilinci Bağlamında Yapay Zekâ ve Transhümanizm
Artificial Intelligence and Transhumanism in the Context of Human Nature and Consciousness in Theological Perspective
Yazar: Bal, Samet Yahya; Sarıkaya, Berat
Dergi: Mavi Atlas, Vol. 10 No. 2, 2022
Anahtar kelimeler: Theology,Nature,Artificial intelligence,Transhumanism,Soul. ; Kelam,Fıtrat,Yapay zekâ,Transhümanizm,Ruh

İslam dini Yaratıcıya, evrene ve insana dair değişmez bazı sabiteler sunar. Allah’a ve ahirete inanmak, dünyanın fani oluşu, tevhid ilkesi, insanın mahiyeti ve misyonu bu değişmez ilkelerdendir. Kelam ilminin amacı ise bu değişmez sabitelere yönelik yapılan itirazları değerlendirip cevaplar vermektir. Son yıllarda gelişen teknoloji ve beraberinde getirdiği yapay zekâ gibi yenilikler, diğer taraftan buna bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan transhümanizm anlayışı insan fıtratına ve dinin temel parametrelerine karşı görüşler ileri sürerek insan türünün değişmesi ve güncellenmesi gerektiği fikrini tartışmaya açmıştır. Ayrıca söz konusu anlayış, insanın tanrılaşabileceğini ve böylece kendi yeryüzü cennetini yaratabileceğini iddia etmektedir. İnsanı sadece maddi bedenden müteşekkil bir varlık olarak gören, onu sadece fiziksel mekanizmaların birleşiminden ibaret kabul eden transhümanist yaklaşım, insanın müteal yönünü ihmal etmektedir. Bu düşünce insan üzerinde her türlü tasarrufu meşru kabul etmektedir. Bu sebeple insanlık metalaştırılma, anlam ve amacından koparılma tehlikesiyle karşı karşıyadır. Çalışmamızda dinin temel ilkelerine aykırı bir durum sergileyen söz konusu anlayışlar ve onların, transhümanizm ve yapay zekâ kavramları üzerinden yaptıkları insan tanımları, iddiaları ve hedefleri kelami açıdan incelenmeye çalışılacaktır.

According to the religion of Islam, the Creator has placed certain constants in the universe. The transcendent creative power, tawhid, the design product of the universe, the temporary world, the human whose meaning and purpose have been determined, and his mission are at the top of the unchangeable basic constants. The purpose of the science of kalam is to explain and justify these invariable constants and principles with a certain systematic, and to evaluate and answer the objections made against it. In recent years, the developing technology and the innovations such as artificial intelligence brought with it, the understanding of transhumanism that has emerged as a result of this, on the other hand, have opened up the idea that the human species should be changed and updated by arguing against the human nature and the basic parameters of religion. Such interventions aimed at human beings clearly mean changing the species nature and disposition of humans. In addition, the understanding in question is not satisfied with this argument and claims that man can become a God and thus create his own heaven on earth. With these claims, the transhumanist approach can be considered a challenge to the principle of tawhid one of the fundamentals of Islam, the inviolability of nature, and the belief in the afterlife.Artificial intelligence technologies and the claims of the transhumanist approach are frequently brought to the agenda in various media. Our article was written based on the determination that these claims, which are on the agenda, will contribute to the literature from an evaluation in the center of human nature and consciousness in terms of Kalami. Our work is important in terms of taking precautions by making necessary intellectual and scientific preparations against approaches that threaten both divine religions and all humanity with the claims of scientific and technological progress. In our study, the aforementioned understandings, which are contrary to the basic principles of religion, and their definitions, claims and targets made through the concepts of transhumanism and artificial intelligence have been tried to be examined in terms of theology. The transhumanist approach, which sees man as a being composed of only the material body and accepts it as a combination of only physical mechanisms, neglects the transcendent aspect of man. As a result of this negligence, all kinds of savings on people are considered legitimate. For this reason, humanity is in danger of being commodified and detached from its meaning and purpose.