Dijital Bir İçerik Olarak Podcasting: Ulusal Radyoların Podcast Yayıncılığı Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Podcasting As A Digital Content: A Review On Podcast Broadcast Of National Radios
Yazar: Aydemir, İsmail Mücahit; Kodak, Dilge
Dergi: Intermedia International E-journal, Vol. 10 No. 18, 2023
Anahtar kelimeler: Communication and Media Studies ; İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları ; digitalization,digital broadcasting,podcast,radio,broadcasting ; Dijitalleşme,Dijital Yayın,Podcast,Radyo,Yayıncılık

Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye’de ulusal ölçekli karasal yayın yapan radyo istasyonlarının podcast yayıncılığına adapte olup olmadığını ortaya koymaktır. Bu çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman tarama yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma, Türkiye’de ulusal radyo yayın lisansı anlamına gelen R1 lisansına sahip olan radyo kuruluşları ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmaya Radyo ve Televizyon Üst Kurulu’nca (RTÜK) yayımlanan ‘‘R1-Ulusal Radyo Yayın Lisansına Sahip Kuruluşlar’’ listesinde yer alan radyo kuruluşları dahil edilmiştir. Bir radyo kuruluşunun sahip olduğu web site, mobil uygulama veya dahil olduğu başka özgün platform ya da platformlar, podcast yayıncılığını yapabilmesini sağlayan parametreler olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu parametreler doğrultusunda örneklem grubundaki radyo kuruluşlarının; kurumsal bir web site ve mobil uygulama sahibi olup olmadıkları, ayrıca farklı bir özgün platforma dahil olup olmadıkları incelenmiştir. Örneklem grubundaki radyo kuruluşlarının söz konusu dijital ortamlarda podcast içerikleri yayınlayıp yayınlamadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Bu araştırma kapsamında aynı zamanda örneklem grubundaki radyo kuruluşlarının, küresel ölçekte popüler olan Spotify, Apple Podcast, Google Podcast isimli podcast platformlarında yer alıp almadıkları da analiz edilmiştir. Bu araştırma, son yıllarda küresel ölçekte popüler hale gelen podcast yayıncılığına, Türkiye’de ulusal ölçekte karasal yayın yapan konvansiyonel radyo istasyonlarının adapte olup olmadığını ortaya koyması bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Podcast içerikleri üreten bireysel ve kurumsal yayıncıların ortaya çıktığı günümüzde, her gün sesli içerikler üreten ve yayınlayan radyo kuruluşlarının, mevcut içeriklerini internet ortamında ‘arşiv’ veya ‘podcast’ başlığı altında yeniden yayınlayıp yayınlamadıkları konusu, bu çalışmanın temel problemini oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın sonucunda elde edilen verilere göre: Türkiye’deki ulusal radyoların nerdeyse yarısının 5 adet özgün medya platformu içerisine dahil olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye’deki ulusal radyoların ‘podcast’ kavramına ilgisiz kalmadığı ve söz konusu dijital yayıncılığa adapte olmak için alternatif çalışmalar yaptıkları görülmüştür.

The purpose of this research is to determine whether terrestrial radio stations broadcasting on a national scale in Turkey have adapted to podcast broadcasting. The document scanning method, which is one of the qualitative research methods, was used in this study. This research is limited to radio organizations that have the R1 license, which means national radio broadcasting license, in Turkey. Radio organizations included in the list of "R1-National Radio Broadcasting Organizations" published by the Radio and Television Supreme Council (RTÜK) were included in this study. In recent years, podcast broadcasting, a type of digital audio broadcasting, has emerged worldwide. Podcast broadcasters can be mostly amateur individuals and sometimes professional individuals or organizations. Podcast is created by the spread of an audio content among digital devices. Radio organizations also perform audio broadcasting in their daily workflow. In addition to traditional broadcasting methods such as FM radio and satellite broadcasting, internet-based broadcasting options have also developed in recent years. It has been observed that radio organizations also re-service their broadcasts in podcast format over the internet. The web site, mobile application, or other unique platforms in which a radio organization is involved have been identified as parameters that enable podcast broadcasting. Within the scope of these parameters, it was examined whether the radio organizations in the sample group have a corporate website and mobile application, and whether they are involved in a different unique platform. It was determined whether the radio organizations in the sample group broadcast podcast content in these digital environments. In this research, it was also analyzed whether the radio organizations in the sample group are included in podcast platforms named Spotify, Apple Podcast, and Google Podcast, which are popular globally. This research is important in terms of revealing whether terrestrial radio stations broadcasting on a national scale in Turkey have adapted to podcast broadcasting, which has become popular globally in recent years. In today's world, where individual and corporate publishers create podcast content every day, the issue of whether radio stations that produce and broadcast audio content every day are republishing their existing content under the title of 'archive' or 'podcast' on the internet constitutes the main problem of this study. According to the findings obtained in this research, 18 out of 42 radio stations in the sample group are hosted on a unique platform. These unique platforms have both desktop websites and mobile applications. These platforms serve radio broadcasts both in live stream and podcast format. However, radio stations attach importance to the website, which is one of the basic products of digitization and web 2.0 technology. According to the findings identified in the context of podcast and archive publishing, 12 out of 42 radio stations do not have archive/podcast broadcasts on the web. Of the 42 radio stations in the sample group, it is possible to listen to their programs again on the web as archive/podcast for 30 of them. When focusing on podcast and archive publishing in the context of mobile applications, data was obtained that 23 of the 42 radio stations in the sample group published archive/podcast on mobile platforms. When popular podcast platforms globally such as Spotify, Apple Podcasts and Google Podcasts were examined, it was found that 8 of the 42 radio stations in the sample group were on Spotify, 7 on Google Podcasts, and only 3 on Apple Podcasts. The reasons why traditional radio stations in Turkey are not present in the said platform, which is of great importance globally, are the subject of a different study. According to the data obtained as a result of this research, it was determined that almost half of the national radios in Turkey are included in 5 original media platforms. These radios host their podcast broadcasts within the mobile application and website belonging to the original media platform they are included in. It was observed that radios included in the original media platform mostly do not have a separate website and mobile application ownership. However, almost all radio stations in the sample group have their broadcasts accessible in the digital environment with the names 'archive' or 'podcast'. It is observed that radio stations in the sample group tend to create digital platforms and join an existing original local platform instead of choosing popular platforms globally. As a result, it was concluded that national radios in Turkey are not indifferent to the concept of 'podcast' and that they make alternative efforts to adapt to this digital broadcasting.