CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİ MEZHEPLER TARİHİ YAZICILIĞINDA YENİ ARAYIŞLAR: YUSUF ZİYA YÖRÜKÂN VE İÇTİMAİYATÇI YAKLAŞIM
New Aproach in the Historıography, Sects in the Turkish Republic: Yusuf Ziya Yörükân, Social Pozitivist Aproach
Yazar: Ateş Karadere, Züleyha
Dergi: e-Makalat Mezhep Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 14 No. 2, 2021
Anahtar kelimeler: Religious Studies ; Din Araştırmaları ; Yusuf Ziya Yörükân,İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi,İçtimaîyat Usulü,Karşılaştırmalı Yöntem,Mezhepler ; Yusuf Ziya Yörükân,History of Islamic Sects,The Procedure of the Sociology,The Comparative Method,Sects

Cumhuriyet dönemi, mezhepler tarihçiliğinde ilk akla gelen isimlerden biri, Yusuf Ziya Yörükân’dır. O, mezhepler tarihinin bilim hüviyeti kazanması için önemli katkılarda bulunmuştur. Yaşamını ilmî mücadeleye adamış olan Yörükân, mezhepler tarihçiliğinin yanında dinler tarihi, kelam, felsefe, hadis ve İslam tarihi ile ilgilenmiş çok yönlü fikir adamıdır. O, mezhepler tarihi araştırmalarında içtimaîyatçı ve karşılaştırmalı yöntemin öncülerindendir. Mezhepleri, sosyoloji ilminin verilerinden yararlanarak, analiz etmiştir. Bu yöntemi mezhepler tarihine taşıyan ilk kişidir. Mezhepleri fikrî bir hareketten ziyade, toplumsal bir kurum olarak görmektedir. Ayrıca eserlerinde, karşılaştırma yöntemine başvurarak, bu alanda önemli ve özgün çalışmalara imza atmıştır. İslam Mezhepleri Tarihi’nin en önemli sorunlarından biri olan kaynak kritiğine, makalelerinde ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele almıştır. Bu analizlerinin sonucunda, hicri III. asırdan itibaren yazılmış kaynakların, birinci el kaynakları olmadığına, bu kaynakların ilmî olmaktan ziyade, reddiye türü eserler olduğunu teyit eder. Mezheplerin tetkikinde birçok sıkıntıların başında yer alan mezheplerin tasnifi konusunda, yetmiş üç fırka konusuna yer yer değinmiştir. Mezhep yazarlarının, mezheplerin tasnifi ve sayıları noktasında, tutarlı davranmadıklarını açıklar. Mezheplerin doğuşunda içtimaî faktöre oldukça önem vermenin yanında, siyaset, ırk ve kadim dinlerinin etkisine de dikkat çekmiştir. Bu makalede, Onun mezhepler tarihine getirdiği içtimaîyat usulünü ve bu usul doğrultusunda mezhepleri nasıl tetkik ettiğini değerlendirmeye çalıştık.One of the first names that come to mind in the historiography of sects in the Republican period is Yusuf Ziya Yörükan. He made significant contributions to the history of sects to gain a scientific identity. Yörükan, who had devoted his life to the scientific struggle, was a versatile intellectual interested in the history of religions, theology, philosophy, hadith, Islamic history as well as the historiography of sects. He is one of the pioneers of the socialist and comparative method in studying the history of sects. He analysed the sects by using the data of sociology. He was the first person to adapt this method to the history of sects. He saw sects as a social institution rather than an intellectual movement. In addition, by applying the comparison method in his works, he had carried out critical and original studies in this field. In detail in his articles, he discussed the source critique -one of the most crucial problems of the History of Islamic Sects.  As a result of these analyses, he has confirmed that the sources written since the 3rd century A.H. are not first-hand sources and that these sources are refutational rather than scientific ones. In the study of the sects, he touched on the subject of seventy-three denominations in the classification of the sects, which is at the beginning of many troubles. He elucidated that the writers of the sects do not behave consistently in the classification and number of the sects. In addition to giving great importance to the social factor in the emergence of denominations, he also drew attention to the impact of politics, race, and ancient religions. In this article, we tried to evaluate the social method he brought to the history of sects and how he examined the sects in line with this method

One of the first names that come to mind in the historiography of sects in the Republican period is Yusuf Ziya Yörükan. He made significant contributions to the history of sects to gain a scientific identity. Yörükan, who had devoted his life to the scientific struggle, was a versatile intellectual interested in the history of religions, theology, philosophy, hadith, Islamic history as well as the historiography of sects. He is one of the pioneers of the socialist and comparative method in studying the history of sects. He was the first person to adapt this method to the history of sects. He analyses the sects by using the data of sociology. He saw sects as a social institution rather than an intellectual movement. He also made significant and original studies in this field by applying the method of comparison. Yörükan gives comprehensive coverage to the source critique, which is one of the major problems of the History of Islamic Sects, in his articles. As a result of these analyses, he has confirmed that the sources written since the III/ IX centuries A.H. are not first-hand sources and that these sources are refutational rather than scientific ones. In the study of the sects, he touches on the rumours of seventy-three denominations in the classification of the sects, which is at the beginning of many troubles. He emphasizes that the historians of Sects are not consistent and biased in the classification and number of sects. In addition to giving great importance to the social factor in the emergence of denominations, he also draws attention to the impact of politics, race, and ancient religions. In this article, we will try to analyse the socialist method he brought to the history of sects and how he examined the sects in line with this method.