Bedüzzaman Said Nursî’de Belagat Kavramı -Kavram Okuması ve Kur’ânî Boyutları-
Eloquence in the Views of Bedüzzaman Said Nursi -A Concept Analysis and its Qur’anic Aspects-
Yazar: Admân, Azîz Muhammed
Dergi: Katre Uluslararası İnsan Araştırmaları Dergisi No. 2, 2017
Anahtar kelimeler: Belagat,İ'caz,Kur'an,Risale-i Nur,Said Nursi ; Eloquence,I'jaz,Qur'an,Risale-i Nur,Said Nursi

ÖzBu ilmî çalışma, Bedüzzaman Said Nursi’nin (rh), belagatla ilgili pek çok kavram,düşünce ve edebî tenkidi barındıran Risale-i Nur külliyatındaki ‘belagat’ kavramını incelemeyihedeflemektedir. Risale-i Nurların bir kısmında şuurlu ve inceden inceye yapılacakbir okuma, bunların üzerindeki perdeyi kaldıracak, aralarında özden kaynaklananfarklılıkları açığa çıkarmak için insanî belagatin karşısında Kur’ânî belagatin hakikatinisetreden örtüleri açıp dağıtacaktır. Nursi’nin fikirlerini bir bütün halinde okuyan kişi, onunbelagat mirası ile ilgili bazı problemleri ele aldığını görecektir. Bu yüzden, yapılacak araştırmamodern belagat dersinde bir tuğla mesabesindeki kavram/ıstılah sistemini yakındanincelemeyi gerekli kılmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, Nursî’nin, Kur’an-ı Kerim’in tefsirindekullandığı belagatla ilgili kavramlar ağını tesbit etmenin zorluğunu da kabul ediyoruz. Ancak,makul ve sabırla yapılan bir Risale okuması, bu ilmî çalışmada dile getirilen gayelereulaşmanın yolunu hazırlayacaktır.Risale-i Nur’un, binlerce sayfasıyla Kur’an’ın belagati alanında yolumuzu aydınlatanfikirlerin tükenmez bir kaynağı olduğu tartışılmaz bir husustur. Nursî, eserlerinde belagatinsınırlarını ve muhtelif vecihlerini araştırmaktadır. Müellif, bu mesleğin zorluğununyanı sıra, siyasî, psikolojik, ruhî, terbiyevî ve bilgi/marifet açısından birçok engellerledolu olduğunu da bizzat ikrar etmektedir. Diğer yandan, Nursî’nin belagatle ilgili düşünceleriRisale-i Nur’da dağınık bir şekilde, birbirinden uzak yerlerde bulunmaktadır. Buyüzden, bunların manalarının anlaşılması çok sabırlı olmayı gerektirmektedir.Nursî, Arap belagatinde bir teori/nazariye inşa etmeye muvaffak olabildi mi? Yoksa,onun belagatle ilgili düşünceleri eski belagat mirasının bir uzantısından mı ibarettir? Onunbelagat ve estetikle ilgili bilincini oluşturan referans/otorite nedir? Bu ölümsüz başarıyıbesleyip büyüten siyasî ve psikolojik sebepler, Risale-i Nur’un ulaşmak istediği metodolojikdisiplin ve sağlam/makul bir bilgi tertib etme/oluşturma gayelerinin tahakkukunaengel olmuş mudur? Bu kavramlar Kur’an’ın belagati alanında bir teorinin nüvelerinioluşturuyor mu? Kur’anî belagatin esasları, dayanakları ve ilkeleri nelerdir?Bu sorulara cevap verme çabası, Nursî’ye göre Kur’ânî bir perspektiften îman hakikatlerininispatına ve tespitine dayanan belagat kavramını ortaya çıkarma isteğini tahrikeden bir buluşma noktasıdır. Nursî, Kur’an metninin semasında bazı kavramları bina etmekiçin, beyânî ve gerçeklikle ilişkisi olan temsilin, gücünü kendinden alan özelliği veinsanlar arasında en adil sınıflandırmayı yapan aklî muhakemelerin rehberliği ile hareketegeçmiştir. İnsaflı bir araştırmacının, Nursî’nin Risalelerin telifinde Allah’tan (cc) istediğirûhî gücü, sıradışı ispat tekniğini ve Rabbânî bilgi yardımını görmezden gelmesi mümkündeğildir. Bu devasa güç, ehl-i tasavvufun uzun zamandır tecrübe ettiği irfânî ve rûhî vecdeçok benzemektedir. Bu yüzden, Risale-i Nur’da araştırma yapan bir araştırmacı, marifetvesilelerin azlığı ve kaynağın zorluğu ve talep edilen hususun inceliğine rağmen bu manevi semalara yükselmeye muhtaçtır.Nursî’nin bazı fikirlerinde, dile getirilen mana son derece gizli ve kapalıdır. Safi birzihnin ve hakikate nüfuz eden bir aklın sahibinden başka hiç kimsenin anlayamayacağıincecik mana ve nükteler çokça zikredilmektedir. Elinizdeki bu anatomik araştırma, basitliğinerağmen, Nursî’nin eserlerinden yardım alarak bazı fikir ve kavramların derinliğinenüfuz etmeye çalışacaktır. Bunu yaparken, nitelemelerinde mübalağadan kaçınacak ve konuyuörnek ve misallere de boğmayacaktır.AbstractThis paper aims to examine the concepts and ideas of “eloquence” as pertaining to SaidNursi’s Risale-i Nur corpus. This paper will pursue an in-depth study of some particularsections of the Risale-i Nur with the aim to uncover the essential differences distinguishingthe ordinary eloquence and rhetoric of mankind from that of the verity of the Qur’an’seloquence. It has been recognised that if one person examines Nursi’s ideas, he will notethat Nursi deals with some problems related to the origin and heritage of rhetorical style.Therefore, it has become necessary to examine it closely as part of a conceptual systemwithin the field of contemporary research studies in oratory and rhetoric. Nonetheless, it isaccepted that the sort of concepts pertaining to the method of oratory and eloquence usedby Nursi in his Qur’anic exegesis is difficult to pin down and locate. However, the pathis open for a reasonable and patient reader of the Risale-i Nur to attain and reach such adifficult goal as part of this scholarly research.It is an unarguable matter that the Risale-i Nur, throughout its thousands of pages - isan unending source for enlightening us and illuminating our knowledge in the field of theQur’an’s eloquence. In his writings, Nursi investigated the limitations of oratory eloquenceas well as studying it from various angles. Alongside the existing difficulties inherentin this study, the author has acknowledged the many political, psychological and spiritualobstacles as well as personal limitations impacting the work. On the other hand, Nursi’sideas on eloquent oratory have been found to be spread throughout the Risale-i Nur in anunorganised and sporadic fashion. Therefore, to understand them requires a lot of patience.Was it possible for Nursi to be successful in building a theory pertaining to Arab oratoryand rhetoric? Are Nursi’s ideas on rhetoric, rather, a composition derived from anextension of rhetoric which bears its heritage from older periods? And what source orreference lies at the basis of Nursi’s thoughts on rhetoric and aesthetics? Have politicsand various psychological factors acted as barriers and obstructions to the noble heavenlyaims of generating sound knowledge - as espoused by the methodological disciplineof the Risale-i Nur? Do these concepts produce core theories pertaining to the field ofthe Qur'an's oratory eloquence? And what are the fundamentals, bases and principles ofQur’anic eloquence and rhetoric?The effort to answer these questions lies in the demonstration of the truths of belief viaNursi’s perspective of the Qur’an, and through this - helps unveil the reality of the conceptof eloquence. Such a perspective has helped to guide the reasoned judgements and themost just and fair opinions amongst people who encounter it. It has not been possible for aconscientious researcher or scholar to ignore the spiritual vitality, extraordinary techniqueof proofs or the evidence of God’s assistance inherent in the knowledge Nursi articulatedin his Risale-i Nur treatises. This great spirit and vitality is very similar to the knowledgelong demonstrated by the inspired people of Sufism. Therefore, even though there is ararity of scholars who have expertise in Risale-i Nur research, and despite the difficultyin funding and growth of this area - there is still a great need for this endeavour. Havingsaid this, it is important to note that the meanings of some of Nursi’s ideas are mentionedin the most obscure and impenetrable fashion. These highly minute and subtle meaningshave not been understood except for those with a sound intellect and those who possessa mind that can penetrate deeply into the heart of such truths. Despite the simplicity ofthe research anatomy in front of your hands, this study will aim to penetrate the depths ofmeaning resident in some of the ideas and concepts derived from Nursi’s works. Whiledoing this, the study will abstain from exaggerated characteristics or attributions and willprovide many suitable examples and illustrations pertaining to the subject.

AbstractThis paper aims to examine the concepts and ideas of “eloquence” as pertaining to SaidNursi’s Risale-i Nur corpus. This paper will pursue an in-depth study of some particularsections of the Risale-i Nur with the aim to uncover the essential differences distinguishingthe ordinary eloquence and rhetoric of mankind from that of the verity of the Qur’an’seloquence. It has been recognised that if one person examines Nursi’s ideas, he will notethat Nursi deals with some problems related to the origin and heritage of rhetorical style.Therefore, it has become necessary to examine it closely as part of a conceptual systemwithin the field of contemporary research studies in oratory and rhetoric. Nonetheless, it isaccepted that the sort of concepts pertaining to the method of oratory and eloquence usedby Nursi in his Qur’anic exegesis is difficult to pin down and locate. However, the pathis open for a reasonable and patient reader of the Risale-i Nur to attain and reach such adifficult goal as part of this scholarly research.It is an unarguable matter that the Risale-i Nur, throughout its thousands of pages - isan unending source for enlightening us and illuminating our knowledge in the field of theQur’an’s eloquence. In his writings, Nursi investigated the limitations of oratory eloquenceas well as studying it from various angles. Alongside the existing difficulties inherentin this study, the author has acknowledged the many political, psychological and spiritualobstacles as well as personal limitations impacting the work. On the other hand, Nursi’sideas on eloquent oratory have been found to be spread throughout the Risale-i Nur in anunorganised and sporadic fashion. Therefore, to understand them requires a lot of patience.Was it possible for Nursi to be successful in building a theory pertaining to Arab oratoryand rhetoric? Are Nursi’s ideas on rhetoric, rather, a composition derived from anextension of rhetoric which bears its heritage from older periods? And what source orreference lies at the basis of Nursi’s thoughts on rhetoric and aesthetics? Have politicsand various psychological factors acted as barriers and obstructions to the noble heavenlyaims of generating sound knowledge - as espoused by the methodological disciplineof the Risale-i Nur? Do these concepts produce core theories pertaining to the field ofthe Qur'an's oratory eloquence? And what are the fundamentals, bases and principles ofQur’anic eloquence and rhetoric?The effort to answer these questions lies in the demonstration of the truths of belief viaNursi’s perspective of the Qur’an, and through this - helps unveil the reality of the conceptof eloquence. Such a perspective has helped to guide the reasoned judgements and themost just and fair opinions amongst people who encounter it. It has not been possible for aconscientious researcher or scholar to ignore the spiritual vitality, extraordinary techniqueof proofs or the evidence of God’s assistance inherent in the knowledge Nursi articulatedin his Risale-i Nur treatises. This great spirit and vitality is very similar to the knowledgelong demonstrated by the inspired people of Sufism. Therefore, even though there is ararity of scholars who have expertise in Risale-i Nur research, and despite the difficultyin funding and growth of this area - there is still a great need for this endeavour. Havingsaid this, it is important to note that the meanings of some of Nursi’s ideas are mentionedin the most obscure and impenetrable fashion. These highly minute and subtle meaningshave not been understood except for those with a sound intellect and those who possessa mind that can penetrate deeply into the heart of such truths. Despite the simplicity ofthe research anatomy in front of your hands, this study will aim to penetrate the depths ofmeaning resident in some of the ideas and concepts derived from Nursi’s works. Whiledoing this, the study will abstain from exaggerated characteristics or attributions and willprovide many suitable examples and illustrations pertaining to the subject.