Göçün Travmatik Etkilerini Azaltmada Sosyal Desteğin Rolü Üzerine Deneysel Bir Araştırma
An Experimental Research On The Role Of Social Support In Reducing The Traumatic Effects Of Immigration
Yazar: Özcan, Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Zeynep
Dergi: Bilimname, Vol. 2019 No. 37, 2019
Anahtar kelimeler: Psyhology of Religion,Psycho-Social Adjustment,Trauma,Social Support,Refugee ; Din Psikolojisi,Psiko-Sosyal Uyum,Travma,Sosyal Destek,Mülteci

Verileri bakanlık destekli bir sosyal uyum projesine dayanan bu araştırma, sosyal etkileşim yoluyla sağlanan sosyal desteğin mülteci bireyin psiko-sosyal uyumuna katkısını ortaya koymak amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bilindiği üzere maddi ve manevi kayıpları beraberinde getiren zorunlu göç, travmatik etkileri olan bir yaşantıdır. Bu araştırma da sosyal bir varlık olarak yaratılan insanın, göç gibi travmatik bir yaşantının üstesinden gelme konusunda yakın ve uzak çevresinden alacağı desteğe ihtiyacı olduğu varsayımına dayanmaktadır. Deneysel yöntemin kullanıldığı araştırmada, 'ön test- son test kontrol gruplu araştırma deseni' kullanılmış olup, deney ve kontrol gruplarında yer alan 15’er öğrenci, 2017-2018 öğretim yılında Karabük Üniversitesi’nin farklı bölümlerinde ve Karabük Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü'nün lise düzeyindeki farklı okullarında öğrenimlerine devam eden Suriye, Irak ve Afganistan kökenli mülteci öğrenciler arasından gönüllülük esasına uygun olarak seçilmiştir.  Deneklerin yaş ortalamasının 18 olduğu araştırmada sosyal destek faaliyetlerinin psiko-sosyal uyuma etkisini ölçmek amacıyla Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği, Ces-Depresyon Ölçeği ve Kültürel Uyum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Sosyal, kültürel ve sportif etkinliklerin yer aldığı uygulama öncesi ve sonrası elde edilen veriler karşılaştırıldığında, deney grubundaki öğrencilerin kontrol grubundaki öğrencilere göre benlik saygılarının anlamlı bir şekilde yükseldiği ve depresyon puanlarının da yine anlamlı bir şekilde düştüğü görülmüştür. Deney grubunun kültürel uyum düzeyinin ise anlamlı bir farklılık oluşmasa da kontrol grubuna göre yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak özellikle göç gibi travmatik bir yaşantı sonrasında pek çok açıdan yardıma muhtaç olan bireylere uzatılacak her türlü yardım elinin onların ruh ve beden sağlığına katkıda bulunmasının yanı sıra kültürel uyum ve toplumsal huzurun teminine hizmet edeceği düşünülmektedir.

This study, based on a social adaptation project supported by the ministry, was carried out to reveal the contribution of social support through social interaction to the psycho-social adaptation of the refugee individual. As is known, forced migration is a life with traumatic effects that causes material and spiritual losses. This research is based on the assumption that the human being, created as a social being, needs support from his close and distant environment to overcome a traumatic experience such as migration. In the study, experimental method and 'pre-test/post-test control-group research design' has been used, and 15 students in the experimental and the control groups have been selected on the basis of volunteering among the refugee students from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan –who continue their education in different departments of Karabük University and in different high schools of Karabük National Education Directorate in 2017-2018 academic year. In the study in which average age of the sample group is 18, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Ces-Depression Scale and the Cultural Adaptation Scale have been used in order to measure the effect of social support activities on psychosocial adaptation.In this study, the Mann-Witney U Test which is used in less-subject researches to make comparisons in-group and inter-groups and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test were used. Mann-Witney U Test was used to determine whether the pre and posttest scores of the experimental and control groups were significantly different. The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test was used to determine whether the p and post-test scores of the two groups differed significantly in itself. SPPS 25 package program was used to analyze the data and Arabic and Persian interpreter support was provided when the scales were filled.Findings and ConclusionAccording to the Mann-Witney U Test results depending on self-esteem score distributions of the experimental and control groups before and after the practice, there is no significant difference between pre-test scores of the group who participated in the social support and interaction activities (p> .05). However, it is seen that there is a difference in favor of the experimental group in the last test and this difference has reached the level of significance (p <.05). According to the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test results depending on the self-esteem scores of the experimental and control groups before and after the practice, there is a significant difference between average scores of both tests (p <.05), but it is seen that pre-test and post-test average scores of the control group cannot reach the same significance level (p> .05). According to the Mann-Witney U Test results depending on the distribution of depression scores of the experimental and control groups before and after the practice, there is a significant difference between average scores of the two groups on the depression scale according to both the pre-test and post-test results (p <.05). According to the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test results depending on the depression scores of the experimental and control groups before and after the practice, there is no significant difference between the average scores of the two tests (p> .05), but it is seen that the pre-test and post-test average scores of the control group have reached a significance level (p> .05). When the Mann-Witney U Test results depending on the distribution of cultural adaptation scores of the experimental and control groups before and after the practice have been examined there is seen a significant difference in favor of the control group in the pre-test (p <.05); in the last test, this tendency has disappeared even if it does not reach the statistical significance level (p> .05). When the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test results depending on the distribution of cultural adaptation scores of the experimental and control groups before and after the practice have been examined, it has been observed that there is no significant difference between the average scores of both tests (p> .05).The quantitative findings obtained from this experimental study show that social support and interaction activities have an effect on increasing the psycho-social adaptation of the refugee individual. In this context, the following conclusions are obtained:1- Social support and interaction activities have increased self-esteem of the refugee students in the experimental group. As a matter of fact, both in-group and inter-groups pre-test/ post-test results have showed that the self-esteem scores of the experimental group have increased significantly compared to the control group.2- When the average scores of the sample obtained from the depression scale and the in-group and inter-groups test results have been taken into consideration, the significant difference in favor of the control group in the pre-test has turned out to be in favor of the experimental group. This result shows that the practice has significantly reduced the depression scores of the refugee students in the experimental group. This also means that the depressive tendencies of the control group have increased over time. 3- There is a significant difference in favor of the control group in the pre-test according to the Mann-Witney U Test results depending on the distributions of cultural adaptation scores of the experimental and control groups before and after the practice, but the superiority of the scores turned to be in favor of the experimental group in the post-test and in the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test.    As a result, it is thought that every kind of help, to be extended to individuals needing help in every aspect especially after a traumatic experience such as migration, will contribute to their mental and physical health, as well as providing cultural harmony and social peace.