Dindarlık ve Sosyal Sınıf Bağlamında Gündelik Yaşam Deneyimlerinin İncelenmesi
Examining Daily Life Experiences In The Context Of Religiousness And Social Class
Yazar: Büyükavcıoğlu, Berra; Altunsu Sönmez, Özlem
Dergi: Bilimname No. 53, 2024
Anahtar kelimeler: Sociology of Religion ; Din Sosyolojisi ; sociology of religion,religiosity,social class,everyday life ; din sosyolojisi,dindarlık,sosyal sınıf,gündelik yaşam

Sosyal sınıflar ekonomik güçle beraber bireylerin yaşam biçimlerine, kültürlerine, eğitim durumlarına ve aile yapılarına göre benzeşen ve farklılaşan topluluklar olarak karşımıza çıkar. Her sosyal sınıfın kendine has beğenileri ve tercihleri vardır. Dindarlık ise bireylerin inançları sonucunda ortaya çıkmış olan tutumlar, eğilimler ve eylemler bütünü olmaktadır. Bu araştırmada “dindarlık pratikleri” sosyal sınıf bağlamında ele alınıp sınıflar ve günlük yaşam biçimleri dini pratikler çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın konusunu sosyal sınıflar bağlamında ayrıldığı düşünülen Meram ve Karatay ilçelerinde yaşayan bireylerin dindarlık pratikleri, gündelik hayat alışkanlıkları ve beğenileri oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada karma araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Nicel araştırma Meram ve Karatay ilçelerinden toplam 415 kişiyle anket yöntemi ile nitel araştırma ise 30 kişi ile derinlemesine görüşme yapılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nitel araştırmada iki ilçede ikamet eden, kendilerini en düşük orta seviye dindar olarak tanımlayan 18 yaş üzerindeki bireylerle yapılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ise SPSS ve MAXQDA programları kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; evli bireylerin, yaşı büyük olanların ve sosyoekonomik durumu daha düşük olanların dindarlıkları diğerlerinden daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Nitel analiz sonucunda ise gündelik yaşam pratiklerindeki farklılığın ise dindarlıktan ziyade sosyoekonomik duruma göre değiştiği bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Meram ilçesinde yaşayan katılımcıların zevk, beğeni ve tercihleri Karatay’da yaşan katılımcılardan büyük ölçüde farklılık göstermektedir. Özellikle gündelik rutinler Karatay’da namaz vakitleri ile belirlenirken Meram’da yerini hobilere bırakmıştır. Meram’da komşuluk yok denecek kadar azalırken Karatay’da önemli bir sosyal destek mekanizması olarak görülmektedir. Karatay’da tüketim zaruri ihtiyaçlar üzerinden çoğunlukla gerçekleşirken Meram’da ise gösteriş ve marka vurgusu dikkat çekmektedir.

Religion is a phenomenon that has existed since the beginning of humanity. It is the set of beliefs and values that individuals adopt in order to find meaning and purpose in their existence. Religion, as a belief system, has also become an important guide that determines and directs people's approaches, attitudes and attitudes. Religiosity, on the other hand, is people's commitment to religious beliefs and adopting a lifestyle in accordance with the religion they believe in. Believing in a religion or not and the frequency with which they fulfill the requirements of religion determine the level of religiosity of individuals. The teachings of religion, with their divine and moral dimensions, form a person's thought patterns, judgments and perspective on life. Social classes are extremely effective on individuals' lifestyles and preferences. The field and habitus in which individuals live can explain their behaviors and attitudes. Social classes have an impact on lifestyle and preferences, as well as the formation of religious practices. Preferred places, consumed products, daily life, education received, and social environment are formed in the context of classes. Recently, studies have increased especially in the context of the conservative middle upper class and show that the tastes, appreciations and preferences of these people are shifting towards luxury and ostentation. Habitus is a phenomenon shaped according to the social, cultural and economic conditions of individuals. According to Bourdieu (2021), habits create patterns regarding the way individuals think about themselves, their areas of influence, and their behaviors. Habitus, which shapes actions and practices, has the power to provide information about the positions to which individuals belong. There are certainly differences between the practices and preferences of individuals belonging to the working class and those of the upper class; both classes tend to behave in accordance with their own habitus (Bourdieu, 2015, s. 22). According to Bourdieu (2019, p. 162), habitus is such an important concept that it cannot be simply reduced to "habit". While habits are routine, constantly repeated actions without thinking, habitus is historically dependent tendencies and is not static, but in constant production. Although habitus is perceived as individual actions, it is actually a set of social actions and reflects sociality. According to Bourdieu, the boundaries of the way actions are carried out are drawn by habitus. These boundaries occur according to the strata in which individuals are located, and as a result of these strata, the feasibility of individuals' actions emerges (Swartz, 2015, p. 147). The formation of lifestyles is also the entirety of practices and behaviors determined by the person's habitus rather than the individual actions of individuals. All of a person's choices, from consumption practices to eating and drinking habits, from clothing and shopping styles to thinking, speaking and living styles, are the determining elements of lifestyles. Within the scope of our research, the religious practices of individuals living in Meram and Karatay districts were evaluated in the context of daily life and preferences, consumption habits, family and lifestyle. This research was conducted with the "mixed method" in which quantitative and qualitative research methods were used simultaneously. Quantitative data were collected using the survey technique and qualitative data were collected using the in-depth interview technique. A total of 30 people, 15 from each district, were interviewed for the quantitative research and 415 people from each district for the qualitative research. Individuals under the age of 18 were not included in the research, and it was seen that the majority of the participants were between the ages of 26-40. The fact that religion is the first choice of our participants in Karatay district to define themselves allows us to conclude that they direct themselves and their lives around religion. Considering the educational status, which is one of the factors that make up the differences between social classes, it was determined that there is a significant difference between the districts. The majority of the children of our participants in Meram district go to private school; a high percentage of the children of our participants in Karatay district attend public school. Socio-economic level is the social position of individuals determined by factors such as income, occupation, and education.