Fetö Darbe Girişiminin Gençlerin Din ve Cemaat Algısı Üzerindeki Etkisi
The Effect of Fetö Coup Attempt on Young People's Religion and Congregation Perception
Yazar: Karslı, Necmi
Dergi: Bilimname, Vol. 2019 No. 37, 2019
Anahtar kelimeler: Psychology of Religion,FETÖ,Religion,Congregation,Emotion ; Din Psikolojisi,FETÖ,Din,Cemaat

Tarihin eski zamanlardan günümüze değin din olgusu birileri tarafından siyasi, ekonomik ve kişisel çıkarlar amacıyla kullanılagelmiştir. Türkiye’nin 15 Temmuz 2016’da yaşadığı darbe girişimi toplum psikolojisi üzerinde olumsuz etkilere yol açmasının yanında bireylerin din ve cemaat algısının da olumsuz etkilenmesine de neden olmuştur. Darbe girişimi öncesinde halk arasında cemaat, eğitim ve hizmet hareketi olarak bilinen bir örgünün böyle bir kanlı eyleme başvurması insanlarda klasik koşullanmaya neden olarak, önceleri nötr veya pozitif duygular uyandıran cemaat ve din kavramlarının şüphe, korku ve nefret duygularına yol açan kavramlar haline dönüşmesine neden olmuştur. Bu araştırmada FETÖ darbe girişiminin ilahiyat fakültesi öğrencilerinin cemaat ve din algısı üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmamızın örneklemi 2018 yılında Trabzon Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi’nde öğrenim görmekte olan 358’i kadın, 151’i erkek olmak üzere toplam 509 bireyden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada elde ettiğimiz verilerin analizi sonucunda özetle şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. 18-21 yaş grubuna kıyasla 22-37 yaş grubunda FETÖ darbe girişimi sonrasında din kavramı daha fazla negatif duygular çağrıştırmaktadır. FETÖ darbe girişimi sonrasında kadınların cemaat/tarikat liderlerine bakışı erkelerinkine kıyasla daha fazla olumsuz etkilenmiştir. FETÖ darbe girişimi sonrasında cemaat kavramı örneklemin %63,5’inde şüphe, %20,4’inde nefret, %6,7’sinde korku %9,4’ünde güven duygusu uyandırırken, din kavramı örneklemin %49,7’sinde şüphe, %4,1’inde nefret, %3,9’unda korku, %42,2’sinde güven duygusu uyandırmaktadır. FETÖ darbe girişimi sonrasında dindarlığı düşük olanların din algısının daha fazla olumsuz etkilendiği tespit edilmiştir. FETÖ darbe girişimi sonrasında dindarlığı hem düşük hem de yüksek olanlarda cemaat kavramının daha fazla olumsuz duygular uyandırdığı tespit edilmiştir.

Religion is one of the most exploited phenomena in human history. The most dramatic sample of the religion abuse in Turkey's recent history is Gulenist Terror Organization’s (FETÖ).  The military coup attempt carried out by a group of FETÖ members in July 15, 2016 has caused many negative effects in terms of sociological, psychological, economic and religious aspects. In the July 15 coup attempt, 248 citizens were killed and 2196 were injured. This coup attempt was carried out by a group known to the public as a religious group / community, service and education movement. The fact that the coup attempt was carried out by a religious group led to classical conditioning in humans, leading to concepts of congregation and religion, which initially produced neutral or positive emotions, into concepts that led to feelings of suspicion, fear and hatred. In our study, the effect of FETÖ coup attempt on the community and religion perception of the students of theology faculty was examined and the following conclusions were reached. Compared to the 18-21 age group, the concept of religion after FETÖ coup attempt in the age group of 22-37 suggests more negative emotions. FETÖ coup attempt women's views on congregation/sectarian leaders were more adversely affected than those of males. After the FETÖ coup attempt, the concept of congregation evoked in the sample in 63.5% doubt, in 20.4% hate, in 6.7% fear in in 9.4% confidence, while the concept of religion evoked in the sample in 49.7% doubt, in 4.1%, hate, in 3.9% fear and in 42.2% trust. After the FETÖ coup attempt, it was determined that the religious perception of those with low religiosity was affected more negatively. After the FETÖ coup attempt, it was determined that the concept of congregation aroused more negative feelings in both low and higher religious groups.Biological, behavioural, cognitive and social factors have an impact on human behaviour. Many approaches in psychology science try to understand human behaviour from different perspectives. According to the psychoanalytic theory, human behaviour is largely driven by unconscious factors such as sexual and aggressive impulses, anonymous fears and wishes, and child experiences. In this point, the impact of childhood experiences is especially important. In order to understand the violent behaviour of FETÖ, it is necessary to have knowledge about the history of FETÖ founder. Fetullah Gülen, the founder of the organization, was born in 1941. His father is a hard and authoritarian person and this has been effective in his upbringing and shaping of his personality. Latif Erdoğan and Hüseyin Gülerce, who have been involved in this organization for many years, stated in their statements that Fetullah Gülen has been using violence in his immediate surroundings. Behind the FETÖ coup attempt may have had an impact on the violent experiences of the organization leader in childhood, but in the background of such a major operation, economic, political, military, and many other factors are likely to have an impact. FETÖ used a number of psychological methods in order to gain recognition, trust and reputation during the establishment and development periods. One of them is propaganda. In order to achieve an effective persuasion during the propaganda process, the resource must have characteristics such as credibility, reliability and respectability. Turkish society has a tradition of trust and respect for the religious functionary. Fetullah Gülen has gained respect and confidence in the eyes of society and politicians due to his being a preacher, discourses of interfaith dialogue and tolerance, and International Turkish Olympics. In addition, in order to increase the power of persuasion in the propaganda process, FETÖ has exploited religion by referring to Qur'anic verses, the hadiths and the lives of the prophets. Fetö coup attempt has negatively affected the religion and religious group perception of individuals.  The concepts of religion and religious group, which in the first place have produced neutral or positive emotions, have become more suspicion, fear and hate evoking concepts after the Fetö coup attempt. Because FETÖ, which led to this attempt, was perceived as a religious group engaged in educational activities by the society for many years before it was declared a terrorist organization. Therefore, the fact that an organization that is perceived as a religious group has resorted to a bloody action that provokes anger in society has affected the religion and religious group schema in the minds of people and these concepts have turned into suspicion, fear and hateful concepts. There was an emotional condition like Watson's little Albert experiment. John Watson's little Albert experiment has shown that a previously neutral stimulus can be frightening after pairing with a repellent experience.