hakansabunis/tr-academic-research-agent-index huggingface dataset:
Osmanlı Mühendis Ve Mimar Cemiyeti Umumi Nizamnamesi (1908)
The Ottoman Society for Engineers and Architects – General Statute of 1908
Yazar: Etker, Şeref
Dergi: Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, Vol. 10 No. 2, 2009

The Ottoman Society for Engineers and Architects was founded inSeptember 1908, immediately after the Young Turk Revolution. The foundingmembers of the Society formulated a General Statute specifying the aims of theorganisation, describing membership status, composition of the board ofdirectors, and the various functions of the Ottoman Society for Engineers andArchitects as a professional body. Studies on the activities of the societyreferred to the text of the statute published in the Society’s journal in 1909. Thisstatute was, in fact, published earlier separately as a pamphlet. As both statutesdiffer in some details, transliteration of the original statute published in 1908 ispresented as a contribution to the history of the Society.

The Ottoman Society for Engineers and Architects was founded inSeptember 1908, immediately after the Young Turk Revolution. The foundingmembers of the Society formulated a General Statute specifying the aims of theorganisation, describing membership status, composition of the board ofdirectors, and the various functions of the Ottoman Society for Engineers andArchitects as a professional body. Studies on the activities of the societyreferred to the text of the statute published in the Society’s journal in 1909. Thisstatute was, in fact, published earlier separately as a pamphlet. As both statutesdiffer in some details, transliteration of the original statute published in 1908 ispresented as a contribution to the history of the Society.
Edward Kent Balls (1892-1984), Bitki Toplayıcısı Ve Yetiştiricisi
Edward Kent Balls (1892-1984), plant collector and horticulturist
Yazar: Baytop, Asuman
Dergi: Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, Vol. 10 No. 1, 2008
Anahtar kelimeler: E.K.Balls,flora of Turkey,collection,history of botany ; E.K.Balls, Türkiye florası, toplamalar, botanik tarihi

Elimizdeki kaynaklardan elde ettiğimiz bilgileri özetlersek, bir bitkiyetiştirici olan Balls, kırk yaşlarında iken, 1933-1935 yıllarında üç kez, herdefasında ilkbahardan başlayarak sonbahara kadar Anadolu'da gezmiş, İngilterebahçelerinde süs bitkisi olarak yetiştirmek amaciyle yabani bitkilerimizden canlıörnekler toplamıştır. Başlıca Orta Anadolu'da, Güney Anadolu'nun ortakesimlerinde, Adana Torosları'nda, Doğu Anadolu'nun batı bölgelerinde,Kuzeydoğu Anadolu'da gezmiştir. 1933 ve 1934 gezilerini amatör bir botanistolan Dr.W.Balfour Gourlay ile, 1935 gezisini ise bir zoolog olan Ch.Bird ileyapmıştır. Flora of Turkey'de en yüksek örnek numarası 2403, PlantaeTurcicae'de 2392, kendi yayını olan Plant collecting in Turkey in Asia'da 2409dur. Lanjouw ve Stafleu (1954), Kew Herbarium'un Balls'un 2570 Anadoluörneğini barındırdığını, Ankara Fen Fakültesi Herbaryumu'nda 2000 örneğininbulunduğunu kaydetmiş ve başka herbaryumlarda da Anadolu örneklerininmevcut olduğunu ilave etmiştir: A(115), B(90), BM, E, LAU, MO, S(328).Flora of Turkey'e göre, Balls'un tipörnekleri E, K, BM, B ve S'e dağılmıştır.Balls Anadolu'dan 19 yeni taksonun tipörneklerini toplamıştır. Bunların hemenyarısı, P.H.Davis'in Flora of Turkey projesinin gelişmesi sırasındabetimlenmiştir. İkisi onun adını taşır: Verbascum ballsianum Murb. ve Salviaballsiana (Rech.fil.)Hedg

Edward Kent Balls (1892-1984) was an English horticulturist and a keencollector of living wild plants, hunting in foreign lands in order to introducethem to his country as garden ornamentals. He made three successive visits toAnatolia between 1933 and 1935, collecting from spring to autumn. He hasbeen in Central Anatolia, central section of South Anatolia, the Cilician Taurus,west parts of East Anatolia, and in Northeast Anatolia. He was accompanied bythe amateur botanist Dr.W.Balfour Gourlay in his fırst two trips, and by thezoologist Ch.Bird in the third. His highest specimen number in Flora of Turkeyis 2403, in Plantae Turcicae 2392, and in his own article Plant collecting inTurkey in Asia 2409. Lanjouw et Stafleu write that the Kew Herbarium holds2570 Anatolian specimens of Balls, and that the Herbarium of the University ofSciences of Ankara University keeps another 2000. They add that other herbariaare keeping Anatolian collections of his: A(115), B(90), BM, E, LAU, MO,S(328). The type specimens are distributed to E, K, BM, B and S. Balls hascollected from Anatolia the type specimens of 19 new taxa. About half of themare described during the elaboration of P.H.Davis’s Flora of Turkey project.Two are named after Balls: Verbascum ballsianum Murb. and Salvia ballsiana(Rech.fil.)Hedge.
Otto Schwarz’ın (1900-1983) Anadolu Florasına Katkıları
Contribution of Otto Schwarz (1900-1983) to the flora of Anatolia
Yazar: Baytop, Asuman
Dergi: Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, Vol. 10 No. 1, 2008
Anahtar kelimeler: Turkish flora,botanical collections,collectors,Otto Schwarz,history of botany ; Türkiye florası, bitki toplamaları, toplayıcılar, Otto Schwarz, botanik tarihi

Prof.Dr.rer.nat., Dr.h.c. Otto Anton Karl Schwarz (1900-1983),Almanya’nın tanınmış botanistlerindendir. Jena Üniversitesi’nde SistematikBotanik Enstitüsü direktörü, Botanik Bahçesi direktörü, Üniversite rektörüolmuştur. Genç iken, 1931-1934 yılları arasında, Bornova’da yeni kurulmuşolan “Garbi Anadolu Emraz ve Haşarat Mücadele İstasyonu”nda (bugünkü adıBornova Zirai Mücadele Araştırma Enstitüsü) görev almış, bu sırada başlıcaİzmir, Manisa, Aydın ve Muğla illerinden pek çok örnek toplamıştır. Yurdunadöndükten sonra, 1938 yazında tekrar Türkiye’ye gelmiş, Muğla ve Antalyadağlarında, Denizli ve Uşak (Murat dağı) illerinde gezmiştir. Eskişehir, Ankarave Adana illerinden de örnekleri vardır; örnekler tarihsiz olduğundan, bu illerdehangi tarihlerde bulunduğu bilinmemektedir. Schwarz, Anadolu’dan 26 yenitaksonun tipörneklerini toplamıştır. Bunlar İzmir, Manisa, Muğla ve Antalyaillerindendir. Tipörneklerin büyük çoğunluğu kendisi tarafından adlandırılmışve yayımlanmıştır. Türkiye örnekleri, Avrupa’da 3 herbaryuma (B, JE, K) veTürkiye’de 3 herbaryuma (ANK, EGE, Hb. Bornova Zirai Mücadele AraştırmaEnstitüsü) dağılmıştır. Örnekleri 1931-1934 ve 1938 tarihlidir. Türkiye bitkileriile ilgili en az 27 yayını vardır.

Prof. Dr. rer.nat., Dr.h.c. Otto Anton Karl Schwarz (1900-1983) is a wellknown German botanist. He has been the director of the Institute of SystematicBotany in Jena University, the director of the Botanical Garden and the rector ofthe University. In his youth, he was active as a botanist in the Plant ProtectionInstitute at Bornova (Izmir, Turkey) from 1931 to 1934 and collectedintensively, mainly from the provinces of Izmir, Manisa, Aydın and Muğla. Hereturned to Turkey in Summer 1938 and explored this time the mountains in theprovinces of Muğla and Antalya, and visited Murat dağı (Uşak). He has alsocollected specimens from the provinces of Eskişehir, Ankara and Adana; as theyare undated, we don’t know when he has been in this regions. Schwarz hascollected from Anatolia the type specimens of 26 new taxa. The great part isnamed and described by himself. They are collected from the provinces ofIzmir, Manisa, Muğla, and Antalya. His Turkish specimens are collected in1931-1934 and 1938, housed in 3 herbaria in Europe (B, JE, K) and 3 herbariain Turkey (ANK, EGE, Hb. Plant Protection Institute at Bornova). He publishedat least 27 articles dealing with Turkish plants.
XIX. Yüzyılda Osmanlı Madenlerinin Coğrafi Dağılışı
Geographical Distribution of Ottoman Mines in the XIXth Century
Yazar: Bayartan, Mehmet
Dergi: Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, Vol. 10 No. 1, 2008
Anahtar kelimeler: Ottoman mining,Provinces,Distribution of mines,Historical Geography ; Osmanlı madenciliği, Eyaletler, Madenlerin dağılışı, Tarihi coğrafya

Geçmişte olduğu gibi günümüzde ve gelecekte de birçok alandakullanılan madenler, başta ekonomik olmak üzere sosyal, kültürel, askeri vb.birçok açıdan toplumların vazgeçilmez kaynağıdır. Toplumların yeryüzündekitarihsel serüveni kadar eski bir geçmişe sahip olan madenler birçok siyasiorganizasyonda olduğu gibi Osmanlı imparatorluğunun da önemli bir servetkaynağını oluşturmuştur.Zamanla teknolojik imkânların artması, ekonomik ve siyasi sistemlerinyeryüzünde yer değiştirmesi, bir başka deyişle bölgesel güç dengelerininfarklılıklar göstermesi, başta ekonomik olmak üzere birçok etkinliğin coğrafidağılışında değişim meydana getirmektedir. Bu değişim; bazen bir artış, bazenbir azalma, bazen de bir yenilik olarak gözlenebilir. Bu çalışmada, 19. yüzyılda Osmanlı sınırları içinde kalan topraklarda yer alan madenler vilayet bazında elealınarak dağılışları incelenmiştir.

Mines were essential resources for with respect to their economical,social, cultural, and military aspects throughout history. Mines were also animportant source of wealth for the Ottoman Empire.The technological advancement in the course of time, the changes in theworld’s economical and political system, in other words, the differentiation ofregional power balances brought about changes in the geographical distributionof most of the activities. This change can be observed as an increase, decreaseor a renewal of mining industries. This study, aims to present the distribution ofmines in the territories included within the boundaries of Ottoman Empire in theXIXth century according to the province of the Empire.
Osmanlı Şehirlerinde Vakıflar Ve Vakıf Sisteminin Şehre Kattığı Değerler
Waqfs in Ottoman cities and the values added to the city by the Waqf System
Yazar: Bayartan, Mehmet
Dergi: Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, Vol. 10 No. 1, 2008
Anahtar kelimeler: Waqf,Ottoman,City,Historical geography ; Vakıf, Osmanlı, Şehir, Tarihi coğrafya.

Osmanlı şehirleriyle ilgili hemen tüm araştırmalarda vakıflardan sözedilmesi dikkat çekicidir. Batı’da “vakıf cenneti” olarak nitelendirilen Osmanlıkimliği adeta vakıfla özdeşleşmiş olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Gerçek bir uygulamaalanı olarak vakıflar, medeni bir toplumda gerçekleştirilebilecek hemen tümhizmetlerin gerçekleştirildiği bir sistem olmuştur. Osmanlı şehirlerinde sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik ve daha birçok açıdanşehirlerin gelişmesine, bayındır ve refah bir duruma gelmesine büyük bir katkısağlayan vakıf sistemi, dönemin şartlarına uygun olarak gelişmiş ve önemigittikçe artarak şehir hayatının önemli bir parçası olmuştur. Tarihi süreç içinde dünya siyasi konjonktüründe önemli bir değişimyaşanması ve siyasal-sosyal-ekonomik dengelerin değişmesiyle şehre büyük veolumlu bir değer katan bir kurum iken, zamanla sistemin değişime ayakuyduramamasından dolayı birçok kurum gibi şehre geçmişte olduğu kadar faydasağlayamayan bir kurum haline dönüşmüştür.

Waqfs (religious emdowments) are mentioned almost in every researchpublished on Ottoman cities. The great diversity of waqfs caused the OttomanEmpire to be known as a “land of waqfs”, and consequently Ottoman identitybecame characterized by waqfs. As a matter of fact, almost all services that areprovided in a society were included in the waqf system.The waqf system contributed to the social development of Ottoman cities,and flourished in accordance with the conditions of the period, and became anessential element of the urban fabric. As a result of the developments in politicalconjuncture and the changes in the world economic equilibriums, the waqfsystem, which had greatly contributed to the city life in the past, became unablesupport and sustain city life as in the classical period of Ottoman history,because it could not keep pace with these divers and multi-dimentional changes.
Darülfünun: İlim Ve Demokrasi Müderris Hüsnü Hamid (Sayman) Bey’in Bildirisi
Professor H.H. Sayman’s declaration: The University, Science and Democracy
Yazar: Etker, Şeref
Dergi: Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, Vol. 10 No. 1, 2008

Following the proclamation of the Republic, the Istanbul Darülfünun,which was the only university in Turkey, went through a series of changes in itsorganisation, staff and curricula. This reform reflected the educational policy ofthe Ankara government at large, and its expectations from academics. The Deanof the Faculty of Sciences Professor Hüsnü Hamid Sayman (1891-1975), anactive supporter of the new policies towards higher education, published adeclaration entitled Darülfünun: İlim ve Demokrasi (The University, Scienceand Democracy) in 1925, discussing of the rôle of the university in the period ofsocial transition.

Following the proclamation of the Republic, the Istanbul Darülfünun,which was the only university in Turkey, went through a series of changes in itsorganisation, staff and curricula. This reform reflected the educational policy ofthe Ankara government at large, and its expectations from academics. The Deanof the Faculty of Sciences Professor Hüsnü Hamid Sayman (1891-1975), anactive supporter of the new policies towards higher education, published adeclaration entitled Darülfünun: İlim ve Demokrasi (The University, Scienceand Democracy) in 1925, discussing of the rôle of the university in the period ofsocial transition.
Aylık Türkçe Bilim Dergisi Mecmua-i Fünun
Mecmua-i Fünun, the monthly Turkish scientific journal
Yazar: Erginöz, Gaye
Dergi: Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, Vol. 10 No. 1, 2008
Anahtar kelimeler: Mecmua-i Fünun, Cemiyet-i İlmiye-i Osmaniye, Osmanlı tarihi, bilim dergileri, bilim dernekleri ; Mecmua-i Fünun,Cemiyet-i İlmiye-yi Osmaniye,scientific journals,learned societies

This text is the Turkish translation of “Die türkische wissenschaftlicheMonatsschrift Medschmuai Fünun” published in the Austrian journalOesterreichische Wochenschrift für Wissenschaft, Kunst und öffentliches Lebenin 1863. It reviews the monthly Turkish scientific journal entitled Mecmua-iFünun (Journal of Sciences), which commenced publication in 1862 in Istanbulby the Cemiyet-i İlmiye-i Osmaniye (The Ottoman Society for Science). Thejournal which aims to address a large readership includes articles on currentpolitical issues, as well as popular scientific articles. The article published inVienna introduces the bylaws of the Society, and reviews some of the articlespublished in Mecmua-i Fünun, and emphasizes the significance of itspublication in the modernization movement of the Ottoman society.

This text is the Turkish translation of “Die türkische wissenschaftlicheMonatsschrift Medschmuai Fünun” published in the Austrian journalOesterreichische Wochenschrift für Wissenschaft, Kunst und öffentliches Lebenin 1863. It reviews the monthly Turkish scientific journal entitled Mecmua-iFünun (Journal of Sciences), which commenced publication in 1862 in Istanbulby the Cemiyet-i İlmiye-i Osmaniye (The Ottoman Society for Science). Thejournal which aims to address a large readership includes articles on currentpolitical issues, as well as popular scientific articles. The article published inVienna introduces the bylaws of the Society, and reviews some of the articlespublished in Mecmua-i Fünun, and emphasizes the significance of itspublication in the modernization movement of the Ottoman society.
Deneylerle Elektriği Tanıtan Bir Türkçe Eser: Yahya Naci Efendi’nin Risale-i Seyyale-i Berkiyye’si
Introducing electricity through experiments: Yahya Naci Efendi’s treatise on electrical fluid
Yazar: Günergun, Feza
Dergi: Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, Vol. 9 No. 1, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler: Elektrik, Yahya Naci Efendi, Risale-i Seyyale-i Berkiyye, Mathurin-Jacques Brisson, Osmanlı Devleti ; Electricity,Yahya Naci Efendi,Risale-i Seyyale-i Berkiyye,Mathurin-Jacques Brisson,Ottoman Empire

In early 19th century, the teaching of sciences at the ImperialEngineering School in Istanbul was mostly based on the material translatedfrom textbooks compiled for the French ‘grandes écoles’. Translations andcompilations were generally made by the professors of the school. Yahya NaciEfendi (d.1824), a lecturer in French language and sciences, compiled in 1812 atreatise introducing the properties of electricity through experiments. His aimwas also to show that the lightning flash and the thunderbolt were electricalphenonemons. Yahya Naci’s main source was the chapter on electricity ofMathurin-Jacques Brisson’s (d.1795) Traité Elémentaire de Physique, a popularbook of physics in French colleges. This translation is important because YahyaNaci endeavoured to create Ottoman terms from Arabic regarding electricityand because it points to the initiatives in introducing experimentation in theteaching in the Imperial Engineering School.

In early 19th century, the teaching of sciences at the ImperialEngineering School in Istanbul was mostly based on the material translatedfrom textbooks compiled for the French ‘grandes écoles’. Translations andcompilations were generally made by the professors of the school. Yahya NaciEfendi (d.1824), a lecturer in French language and sciences, compiled in 1812 atreatise introducing the properties of electricity through experiments. His aimwas also to show that the lightning flash and the thunderbolt were electricalphenonemons. Yahya Naci’s main source was the chapter on electricity ofMathurin-Jacques Brisson’s (d.1795) Traité Elémentaire de Physique, a popularbook of physics in French colleges. This translation is important because YahyaNaci endeavoured to create Ottoman terms from Arabic regarding electricityand because it points to the initiatives in introducing experimentation in theteaching in the Imperial Engineering School.
Osmanlı Teknoloji Tarihinden Bir Kesit: Gemi İndirme Yöntemleri
An episode from the history of Ottoman technology: Methods of ship launching
Yazar: Zorlu, Tuncay
Dergi: Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, Vol. 9 No. 1, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler: Ottoman Empire,ship launching,dry-dock,float-out,galleon ; Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, gemi indirme, kuruhavuz, yüzdürme, kalyon

This article addresses Ottoman ship launching methods as a part of the Ottoman naval technology and aims to give it a flavour of cultural and historical content. Ottoman ship launching seems to have consisted of two basic methods: stern-first launch and float-out. Ottomans were aware that the first method provided the ship with greater resistance, buoyancy and gradual detachment during the launching. The float-out method which is not presently considered as launching in the technical sense was adopted in late nineteenth century. It was used in order to float out the ships constructed in ship building sheds or drydocks after receiving sea water inside. Launching of ships reflect the socio-cultural aspects of the Ottoman Empire in a series of ceremonial activities. Selection of nobility and high ranking officials to participate in the ceremonies and the sending of written invitations to the leading personalities; the naming of the ship, determination of an auspicious time for the launch and the decoration of the ships, preparation of marquees for the distinguished administrators, and the construction of a special platform for the Sultan on a galleon, recitation of prayers, sacrificing of animals, granting of presents to the participants and workers, all pose examples of the various perspectives of the Ottoman Empire.

This article addresses Ottoman ship launching methods as a part of theOttoman naval technology and aims to give it a flavour of cultural and historicalcontent. Ottoman ship launching seems to have consisted of two basic methods:stern-first launch and float-out. Ottomans were aware that the first methodprovided the ship with greater resistance, buoyancy and gradual detachment during the launching. The float-out method which is not presently considered aslaunching in the technical sense was adopted in late nineteenth century. It wasused in order to float out the ships constructed in ship building sheds or drydocks after receiving sea water inside. Launching of ships reflect the socio-cultural aspects of the OttomanEmpire in a series of ceremonial activities. Selection of nobility and highranking officials to participate in the ceremonies and the sending of writteninvitations to the leading personalities; the naming of the ship, determination ofan auspicious time for the launch and the decoration of the ships, preparation ofmarquees for the distinguished administrators, and the construction of a specialplatform for the Sultan on a galleon, recitation of prayers, sacrificing of animals,granting of presents to the participants and workers, all pose examples of thevarious perspectives of the Ottoman Empire.
Yaycı Yusuf Beşe Terekesinin Düşündürdükleri
Inheritance record of Yusuf Beshe, an Ottoman bowmaker of late 17th century
Yazar: Acar, Şinasi; Özveri, Murat
Dergi: Osmanlı Bilimi Araştırmaları, Vol. 9 No. 1, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler: Ottoman bow,Crimean-Tartar bow,fish glue,Mameluke bow,Turkish bowery,archery,bow,arrow ; Osmanlı yayı, Kırım Tatar yayı, balık tutkalı, yay-ı Mısrî, Türk yaycılığı, okçuluk, yay, ok

The article is based on a court record dated 1705, and is about the inheritance of a Janissary bowmaker, Yusuf Beshe. This document reveals the bows made in 17th-18th century İstanbul, the tools and the materials a bowery needed and their cost. This information not only confirms our knowledge about the traditional Turkish bowmaking technique, but the related material and tools. It also proves that Crimean Tartar bows were made in the Ottoman capital city. Crimean Tartars were the allies of the Ottomans and contributed the Ottoman army in the battle as fronteers. This document shows that these bows that are structurally different from the classical Ottoman bows, were also made in İstanbul, a fact that would bring an explanation to some old reports about longdraw Turkish bows. Another important point about Turkish bowmaking history is a bow type called the Mameluke bow which had not been mentioned yet in known sources. This article provides an evidence-based analysis about its possible identity and its use.

The article is based on a court record dated 1705, and is about theinheritance of a Janissary bowmaker, Yusuf Beshe. This document reveals thebows made in 17th-18th century İstanbul, the tools and the materials a boweryneeded and their cost. This information not only confirms our knowledge aboutthe traditional Turkish bowmaking technique, but the related material and tools.It also proves that Crimean Tartar bows were made in the Ottoman capital city.Crimean Tartars were the allies of the Ottomans and contributed the Ottomanarmy in the battle as fronteers. This document shows that these bows that arestructurally different from the classical Ottoman bows, were also made inİstanbul, a fact that would bring an explanation to some old reports about longdraw Turkish bows. Another important point about Turkish bowmaking historyis a bow type called the Mameluke bow which had not been mentioned yet inknown sources. This article provides an evidence-based analysis about itspossible identity and its use.