Ergenlerde Rüya Motifleri ve Dinî Tutum İlişkisi
The Relationship between Dream Motifs and Religious Attitude in Adolescents
Yazar: Gencer, Nevzat
Dergi: Bilimname, Vol. 2020 No. 41, 2020
Anahtar kelimeler: Din Psikolojisi,Rüya Motifleri,Dinî Tutum,Motif,Psikolojik Çözümleme,Lise Öğrencileri

Bu çalışmanın amacı, lise öğrencilerinin rüya motifleri ve dinî tutumları arasındaki ilişkiyi bazı değişkenlere göre incelemektir. Böylece rüyalar ile psikolojik semptomlar arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmenin yanı sıra rüya motifleri üzerinde dinî tutumun bir etkisinin olup olmadığı da ortaya konulmuş olacaktır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu Çorum il merkezinde bulunan farklı liselerden 316 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan “Kişisel Bilgi Formu”, “Rüya Motifleri Ölçeği” (Yılmaz, 2018) ve “Dinî Tutum Ölçeği” (Ok, 2011) kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmada, Rüya Motifleri Ölçeğinin Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı .78, Dinî Tutum Ölçeğinin Cronbach Alpha güvenirlik katsayısı da .85 olarak hesaplanmıştır.  Çalışmanın verileri SPSS 16.0 paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde, Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelâsyon Analizi, t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizinden (ANOVA) yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre, örneklem tüm alt boyutlarıyla birlikte rüya motifleri ölçeğinin genelinden ortanın altında bir puan elde etmiştir (Rüya motifleri ölçeğinin geneli: X=2.05, gerçek dışılık: X=1.79, şişirilmiş kendilik: X=2.23, kötülük kuruntusu: X=1.89 ve tatminsizlik/doyumsuzluk: X=2.29). Puanların düşük çıkması örneklemin ruhsal sağlığına ilişkin olumlu ip uçlar vermektedir. Örneklemin toplam dinî tutum düzeyi ise ortanın üzerinde (X=3.95) hesaplanmıştır. Rüya motifleri ölçeği ile alt ölçeklerden elde edilen puanlar cinsiyet değişkenine göre farklılaşmazken, toplam dinî tutum puanları anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaşmaktadır. Erkeklerin ortalamaları (X=4.05),  kızların ortalamalarına göre (X=3.85) daha yüksek çıkmıştır (p=.01, p<.05). Rüya motifleri ölçeği toplam puanları; aile içi iletişim ve öznel mutluluk algısı değişkenlerine göre anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaşmaktadır (p<.05). Sınıf ve akademik başarı düzeyi değişkenlerine göre ise herhangi bir farklılaşma bulunmamaktadır (p>.05). Dinî tutum toplam puanları ise sınıf, aile içi iletişim ve öznel mutluluk algısı düzeyine göre farklılaşmaktadır. Ancak akademik başarı düzeyine göre dinî tutum puanlarında gruplar arası anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmemiştir (p>.05). Araştırma sonucunda, rüya motifleri ile dinî tutum arasında anlamlı bir ilişkiye rastlanmamıştır.

In the study carried out on high school students, the relationships between dream motifs and religious attitudes were examined especially in terms of revealing the subconscious. In this context, demographic variables, dream motifs and religious attitudes of the participants were researched. It is questioned whether the students' dream motifs and religious attitudes differ in terms of variables such as gender, class, intra-family communication, subjective happiness perception and academic achievement of the previous academic year. In the study, the following questions will be answered:1. What are the high school students' dream motifs and religious attitudes?2. Do high school students' dream motifs and religious attitudes differ significantly according to gender, class level, intra-family communication level, subjective happiness perception and academic achievement level in the previous academic year?3. Is there a relationship between dream motifs and sub-dimensions and general religious attitude?The study group consists of 316 students from different high schools in Çorum province. Data was collected via the “Personal Information Form” prepared by the researcher, "Dream Motifs Scale” and "Religious Attitude Scale”. The Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the 20-item Dream Motifs Scale adapted by Yılmaz (2018) was .78, and the Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of the 8-item Religious Attitude Scale developed by Ok (2011) was calculated as .85. The data of the study was analyzed with SPSS 16.0 package program. In addition to descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson Moments Correlation Analysis were used to determine differences between variables. .05 significance level was taken as a criterion and LSD test was used to examine the source of significant differences between the groups. The results are presented in tables in the "Findings" section.According to the findings of the study, the sample obtained a sub-average score from the overall of the dream motifs scale with all its sub-dimensions (Overall dream motifs scale: X=2.05, actual exception: X=1.79, blown self: X=2.23, satisfaction of evil: X=1.89 and dissatisfaction: X=2.29). Low scores give positive clues regarding the mental health of the sample. In addition, the total religious attitude level of the sample was calculated above the average (X=3.95). The scores obtained from the "cognitive" (X=4.68) and “relationship to God” sub-dimensions (X=4.17) are higher than the scores obtained from the “Feeling” (X=3.31) and “Behaviour” (X=3.64) dimensions (see Table-2). According to the total religious attitude and cognitive and relationship sub-dimensions, the scores obtained from the feeling and behaviour sub-dimensions of the sample are lower. From these results, it is understood that young people have information about religion and have strong beliefs and affiliation with God. However, it can be deduced from the relatively low score of religiosity that religion does not have much place in the feeling world of young people and that the requirements and practices of the believed religion are not fulfilled sufficiently. It is also possible to summarize the results obtained in the research and the suggestions presented in this respect as follows:49.4% of the students who participated in the research were girls and 50.6% were boys. 25.0% of the sample is in the 9th grade, 24.7% is in the 10th grade, 25.9% is in the 11th grade and 24.4% is in the 12th grade. It was found that 18.0% of the families were "over protective", 73.7% were “caring and affectionate”, 4.7% were “rigid and challenging” and 3.5% were "indifferent". The rate of those who have "poor" intra-family communication was 5.1%, “normal" was 28.8%, “good" was 33.9% and “very good” was 32.3%. 15.2% of the participants were in “not happy” group, 48.4% were in “little happy” and 36.4% were in "happy” group. The rate of students with "low" success was 6.0%, "moderate" was 19.3%, “good" was 31.3% and “high" was 43.4% according to the previous academic year.The scores obtained from the total dream motifs and sub-dimensions do not differ significantly according to the gender variable. The mean score of dream motifs is X=2.06 for girls, and X=2.04 for boys. On the other hand; it was found that total religious attitude scores differed statistically according to gender (p=.01, p <.05). The mean scores of boys (X=4.05) were higher than that of girls (X=3.85). In addition, boys had higher scores in "feeling" and "behavior" sub-dimensions than girls. In the "cognitive" (p=.07) and "relationship to God" (p=.43) sub-dimensions, religious attitude did not differ according to gender (p>.05) (see Table-3).There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of dream motifs scale and sub-dimensions according to class level variable (p> .05). A significant difference was found in the 10th grade level in "total religious attitude" scale (F=3.181; p=.024, p<.05) and "feeling" sub-dimension (F=4.350; p=.005, p<.05). In the other sub-dimensions, there was no significant difference between the groups (see Table-4).According to intra-family communication variable, the scores of the sample from the dream motifs and religious attitude scales differ significantly. For dream motifs scales, this differentiation was found among the groups in "actual exception" (F=6.79; p=.000, p<.05) and "satisfaction of evil" (F=4.16, p=.007, p<.05) sub-dimensions. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups (F=3.90; p=.009, p<.05) accroding to the scores obtained from "Feeling" sub-dimension (F=3.03; p=.030, p<.05) and "Behaviour" (F=7.35; p=.000, p<.05) sub-dimension as well as total "Religious Attitude" scale,  (see Table-5). According to the subjective happiness variable, except for the sub-dimension of "Dissatisfaction" there were significant differences between the overall dimension of the dream motifs scale and the other sub-dimensions (F<2.88; p=.057, p>.05) (p<.05). Findings show that the sample is distanced from septic and irrational thoughts, narcissistic ideas and paranoid personality traits which is depicted with excessive fear and anxiety as the level of happiness increased. Significant differences were found between the groups in the total religious attitude scale and all sub-dimensions (p<.05). The group that defines itself as “happy" had the highest religious attitude score (X=4.08). While there was an inverse relationship between happiness level and dream motifs, it was seen that there was a positive relationship with religious attitude (see Table-6).There is no significant difference between the scores obtained from the dream motifs scale and its sub-dimensions according to the success level of the sample in the previous academic year. In the "Feeling" sub-dimension of religious attitude, the scores differed according to the achievement level (p<.05). However, the total scores of religious attitudes and the scores from the sub-dimensions of cognitive, behaviour and relationship to God were not statistically significant (p>.05). Accordingly, it can be reported that groups have similar religious attitudes according to success variable. In addition, the scores from the "feeling" dimension and the "behavioral" sub-dimension scores, though not statistically validated, indicated that as the achievement level of the students increased, their religious attitude scores decreased (see Table-7).The final finding of the study is about the relationship between dream motifs and religious attitude. Correlation analysis showed that correlation coefficient between dream motifs and religious attitude was r=-.022. The fact that the correlation coefficient is close to zero indicates that there is no significant relationship between the two variables (p>.05). The religious attitude level of the sample had no effect on the frequency of the individual's dream motifs. Namely; whether a person is religious or not has no significant effect on his or her having certain dreams frequently (see Table-8). This can be explained in many ways. However, in order to make more coherent interpretations, similar studies should be repeated with individuals in age groups in which religious attitudes have stabilized or in different stages of development. Thus, it will be possible to compare the findings. However, the study can be repeated on a sample with a psychiatric diagnosis and a sample without a psychiatric diagnosis based on dream motifs and thus comparisons can be made regarding the mental health of the participants. In addition, dependent variables such as life satisfaction and subjective well-being can be added and the relationship between these variables and dream motifs can be discussed in new studies. In this way, it is possible to achieve more comprehensive and generalizable results.