Izutsu’nun Kur’ân'daki Ahlâki Kavramlara İlişkin Görüşlerinin Din Eğitimi Açısından Analizi
Analysis of Izutsu's Views on Moral Concepts in the Qur'an in Terms of Religious Education
Yazar: Diler, Ramazan
Dergi: Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 19 No. 1, 2019
Anahtar kelimeler: Religious Education,Morality,Value,Moral Education,Izutsu ; Din Eğitimi,Ahlak,Değer,Ahlak Eğitimi,Izutsu

Toshihiko Izutsu, oryantalist bir bilim insanıdır. Birçok dinle ilgiliçalışması bulunan Izutsu, İslâm ve Kuran’la ilgili de önemli eserler ortayakoymuştur. Bu makale çalışmasında Izutsu’nun Kur’ân'da Dînî ve AhlâkîKavramlar ile Kur’ân’da Allah ve İnsan adlı eserleri incelenmiştir.Müellifin, çalışmalarında benimsediği metodolojiyi açıkladığı ve bumetodolojiye bağlı kaldığı görülmüştür. Izutsu’nun kullandığı metodolojisemantiktir. Semantik kısaca anlam bilimi olarak ifade edilebilir. Kur’ân’dakiahlâkî kavramların Kuran’la birlikte nasıl bir değişime uğradığını örneklerleaçıklamaya çalışmıştır. Izutsu’nunçalışmasında üzerinde durduğu ahlaki kavramların eğitsel bir gerçekliği devardır. Bu yönüyle özellikle Kur’ân-ahlak ilişkisini inceleyen eserleri eğitselaçıdan incelemenin önemli doğurguları olabilir. Izutsu’nun çalışmaları Kur’ân-ahlak,Kur’ân-eğitim ilişkisini anlamak adına önemli görülmektedir. Bundan dolayıçalışmanın ahlak eğitimcilerine önemli bir katkı yapması beklenmektedir.Çalışmanın temel problemi Izutsu’nun Kur’ân-ahlak ilişkisini nasıl kurduğudur.Çalışmada cevapları aranan sorular şunlardır:Izutsu’nunçalışmalarında Kur’ân-ahlak ilişkisinde ortaya çıkan temalar hangileridir?Kur’ân-ahlakilişkisinde ortaya çıkan temalar eğitsel açıdan nasıl değerlendirilebilir?Buaraştırmada yöntem olarak içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. İçerik analizi birmuhtevayı anlamak ve analiz etmek için kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Izutsu’nunçalışmalarında elde ettiği bazı sonuçlar şunlardır: Kur’ân, Arapların ahlâkgeleneklerini çok ciddi bir şekilde etkiledi. Kur’ân, arap toplumununkullandığı birçok geleneksel ahlaki kavramı yeniden tanımladı. Bu kavramlarıevrensel bir ilkeye bağladı.  Kur’ân’dakien odak kelime Allah’tır. Bu açıdan ahlaki kavramlara yön veren temel kavram daAllah’tır. Izutsu’nun ahlâkî kavram analizleri ve ahlak/değer eğitimine ilişkingörüşleri değerlendirilmiştir.

﻿AbstractToshihiko Izutsu is an orientalist scientist who studiedon several religions. He also produced important works about Islam and theQur'an. In this article, Izutsu’s works Ethico and Religious Concepts in theQur'an and Allah and Man in the Qur'an are examined.  The methodology he uses in his studies issemantic, he explains the methodology he adopted in his studies and adheres toit. Semanticscan be briefly expressed as meaning scholarship. He tries to explain with the examples how the moralconcepts in the Qur'an have changed with the Qur'an. There is also aneducational reality of the moral concepts that Izutsu emphasizes in his work.  In this respect, analyzing the texts thatfocuses on the Qur'an-moral relation from an educational perspective can havesignificant results. The works of Izutsu are considered important in terms ofunderstanding the Qur'an-moral and Qur'an-education relationship. Therefore,the study is expected to make an important contribution to moral educators. Themain problem of the study is understanding how Izutsu established theQur'an-moral relationship. The questions sought in the study are:What are the themes emerging in the Qur'an-moralrelationship in the works of Izutsu?How the themes emerging in the Qur'an-moral relationship canbe evaluated educationally?In this research, content analysis is used as amethod. Content analysis is a method used to understand and analyze a content.Some of the results Izutsu has achieved in his work are as follows: The Quranhas seriously influenced the moral traditions of the Arabs. The Quran hasredefined many traditional moral concepts used by arabic society. The Quran engagedthese concepts to a universal principle. The most focal word in the Quran isAllah. In this respect, the basic concept that dominates moral concepts isAllah. Izutsu's moral concept analysis and his views on moral or valueeducation were evaluated.Keywords:Religious Education, Morality, Value, Moral Education, Izutsu.SummaryToshihiko Izutsu is a Japanese orientalist scientist who hasmany studies on living religions. He produced important works especially aboutIslam and his holy book, Qur'an. In this article, Izutsu’s works Ethico andReligious Concepts in the Qur'an and Allah and Man in the Qur'an areexamined. It can be seen that the author explains his methodology, ensures theintegrity of the subject and prevents misunderstandings, and remains true to hismethodology until the end of his studies. The methodology used by Izutsu in hisworks is semantic. Semantics canbe briefly expressed as meaning scholarship. In line with the principlesof semantic science, the researcher examines, analyzes and makes someevaluations on the moral concepts in the Qur'an. He tries to explain how someof the basic concepts related to morality in the ancient tradition of the Arabshad changed and improved over time with the Qur'an's verses. It can be saidthat semantic science facilitates the work of the author in explaining thechange in moral concepts. However, despite the methodological approach of theauthor, he is subjected to some criticism. The critics state that Izutsu'ssemantic science abandons some basic principles; he shapes and interprets themaccording to him. It has been argued that the information obtained with thisnew methodological approach cannot be called as the Quranic semantics. Furthermore,it is also claimed that the author ignores the basic sources of informationother than the semantic science and classical Arabic poetry. In particular, ithas been criticized that he does not use the basic religious resources of Islamsufficiently.The main determining factors for the general characteristicof an ideal Muslim are in the Qur’an and the the sunnah of the Prophet. So thefirst step in moral education is to reveal the point of view of the Qur'an. Itis necessary to try to determine the characteristics of the people that Islamicreligious education wants to create from this basic source. In this respect, itcan be important implications to study the works that examine the Qur'an-moralrelation especially in terms of education. The moral concepts in the work ofIzutsu also point to an educational reality. The importance of the study seemsto have increased in terms of understanding the point of view of the Qur'an. Izutsu's work is consideredimportant to understand the Qur'an as a whole and to understand theQur'an-morality and the Qur'an-education relationships. Therefore, the study isexpected to make a vital contribution to moral educators. The main problem ofthe study is understanding how Izutsu establishes the Qur'an-moralrelationship. The questions sought in the study are:What are the themes emerging in the Qur'an-moralrelationship in the works of Izutsu?How the themes emerging in theQur'an-moral relationship can be evaluated educationally?In the research, the content analysis is used as a suitablemethod in order to answer the main problems. Content analysis stands out as amethod used to understand and analyze a content. The main purpose of contentanalysis is to reveal the common aspects of a big amount of textual content,thereby reaching concepts and relationships that can explain the data in thetexts. The basic process in this method is to gather similar data within theframework of certain concepts and themes and to organize and interpret them ina way that the reader can understand. Based on my studies of Izutsu, differentthemes are created to make the subject easy to understand.The themes created in the study and some of the results obtained withinthe framework of these themes are as follows: Izutsu defends that man has amoral nature, potentially moral ability. According to him, although they livein different cultures, people have a moral tradition. Ignorant Arabs also had aclose relationship with their morals and virtues. However, the Quran has had aserious impact on the moral traditions of the Arabs. In this context, the Qur'anhas redefined many moral concepts and filled them in the way prescribed byIslam. Izutsu alleges that the author of the Quran changed the meaning of somemoral concepts. According to him, Islam has placed the absolute satisfaction ofAllah on the moral virtues made for the purpose of nation. Thus, the Qur'an hasput an aim on some moral concepts of Arabs. He says that the most focal word inthe Quran is Allah. As with all matters, God guided all other concepts inmorality. It influenced and shaped them. From this point, Izutsu argues thataccording to the religion of Islam, Allah is the supreme being, therefore, thehighest value. According to him, a Quran-centered mentality makes nodistinction between the religious and the moral. From this point of view,Izutsu claims that the Qur'an adopts the view that religion and morality areinseparable. In this study, alongwith the moral concept analysis in Izutsu's work, his views on moral/valueeducation are also evaluated.