CUMHURİYETİN İLK YILLARINDA BİR YEREL BANKA TEŞEBBÜSÜ: DİYARBAKIR BANKASI (1930- 1939)
AN ATTEMPT FOR A LOCAL BANK IN THE EARLY YEARS OF THE REPUBLIC: BANK OF DİYARBAKIR (1930- 1939)
Yazar: Özer, M.halis
Dergi: Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol. 11 No. 42, 2014
Anahtar kelimeler: Diyarbakır, Diyarbakır Bankası, Diyarbakır ekonomisi, Yerel Bankacılık

ÖZ 1925 yılından sonra iç ve dış kaynaklar özellikle ihracat mevsiminde artan para talebini karşılamakta çok yetersiz kalmıştı. 1927 yılından sonra para arzında meydana gelen daralma, iç piyasanın para ve kredi talebinin karşılanamamasına yol açtı. Para arzındaki düşüş faizleri arttırdı. Bu durum mevcut ulusal ve yerel bankaların karlılık oranlarını yükseltti. Piyasanın yoğun para ve kredi talebinin karşılamak ve yüksek karlar elde etme amacıyla yerel banka adı verilen küçük sermayeli mahalli tüccar bankaları açıldı. Diyarbakır Bankası ülkede yaşanan benzer sebeplerle 9 Kasım1930 yılında Hasan Raşit Bey ve Rüfekası tarafından kuruldu. Bankacılık faaliyetlerine 1931 yılında başladı. Yüzde onu ödenmiş olmak üzere kuruluş sermayesi 75.000 TL.'dir. Diyarbakır Bankası, gerçekleştirdiği yatırım bankacılığı faaliyetleriyle yeni ticari organizasyonların teşekküllünde önemli işlevler görmüş, Diyarbakır'ın ekonomik kalkınmasına kısmen katkıda bulunmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Diyarbakır Bankası'nın kuruluş nedenlerini, kurucularını, yıllık bilançolarını, kar ve zarar hesaplarını, bankacılık faaliyetlerini ve bu faaliyetler ile yerel ekonomiye yaptığı muhtemel katkıları ortaya çıkarmaktır. Bu çalışma, arşiv araştırmaları sonucu elde edilen banka ile ilgili belgelere dayanmakta olup bu konuda yapılan ilk çalışmadır.    Anahtar Kelimeler: Diyarbakır, Diyarbakır Bankası, Diyarbakır ekonomisi, Yerel Bankacılık  ABSTRACT   Internal and external sources, particularly after the year 1925 export season was very inadequate to meet the increasing demand for money. Contraction occurring after the year 1927 the money supply in the domestic market, the demand for Money and credit has led to unable. Decline in the money supply has increased interest rates. This situation has raised rates in the existing national and local banks' profitability. Meet the market demand for heavy money and credit in order to obtain higher profits and capital of small local merchant banks, called the local bank was opened. Bank of Diyarbakir, in the country for similar reasons in 9 november 1930 was founded by Mr. Hasan Raşid and his friends. Banking activities began in 1931. TL. 75.000 to be paid ten percent of initial capital. Bank of Diyarbakır,  important functions performed by invesment banking activities have been formed new commercial organizations, partly contributed to the economic development of Diyarbakır. The purpose of this study, the causes of Diyarbakır Bank's organization, ıts founders, the annual balance sheets, profit and loss accounts, banking activities and the possible contribution of these activities is to reveal the local economy. This study is based on archival resarch and documentation with the bank resulting from the first study on this subject.   Key Words: Diyarbakır, Bank of Diyarbakır, Diyarbakır's Economy, Local Banking

Abstract Internal and external sources, particularly after the year 1925 export season was  not enough to meet the increasing demand for money. Contraction occurring after the year 1927 the money supply in the domestic market, the demand for Money and credit did not met the demand. Decline in the money supply has increased interest rates. This situation has raised rates in the existing national and local banks' profitability. In order to meet the market demand for heavy money and credit in order to obtain higher profits and capital of small local merchant banks, called the local bank was opened. Bank of Diyarbakir, in the country for similar reasons was founded by Mr. Hasan Raşid and his friends in 9 november 1930. Banking activities began in 1931. TL. 75.000 to be paid ten percent of initial capital. Bank of Diyarbakır,  had important functions performed by invesment banking activities formed new commercial organizations, partly contributed to the economic development of Diyarbakır. The purpose of this study is to explainthe reasons for the foundation of the Bank of of Diyarbakır, its founders, the annual balance sheets, profit and loss accounts, banking activities and the possible contribution of these activities is to reveal the local economy. This study is based on archival resarch and documentation with the bank resulting from the first study on this subject.  Key Words: Diyarbakır, Bank of Diyarbakır, Diyarbakır's Economy, Local Banking