hakansabunis/tr-academic-research-agent-index huggingface dataset:
MARMARA HAVZASl'NDA YAŞAYAN GAYRiMÜSLiM HALKIN BALKAN SAVAŞLARINDA BULGAR ORDUSUNA YAPTIĞI YARDIMLAR
THE AIDS OF NONE-MUSUM OTAMAN SUBJECTS MARMARA REGION TO THE BULGARIAN ARMY DURING THE BALKAN WARS
Yazar: Selçuk, Mustafa
Dergi: Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 0 No. 13, 2014
Anahtar kelimeler: Mannara Havzas1,Osmanh Devleti,Balkan Sava$lart,Bu/gar Ordttstt,Gayri Miislimler ; The Sea of Marmara,Ottoman Empire,Balkan Wars,Bulgarian Army,Non-Muslims

Bu makalenin amac1, Osman/i vata11da$1 olan Gayri Miislbnlerin Bu/gar askerlerine yaptiklan yard1mlan ar#v belgelerine dayanarak ortaya koymakt1r. Balkan Sava$[afl esnasmda, Osmanl1 Devleti'nin Dogu Ordusunu ol11$f1tran birlikleri11i11 Bulgarlar kar$ts111da yenilmesi sonuctt Bulgar askerleri, <;atalca 'ya kadar iler/eyerek bll$kent istanbul'tt tehdit etmi$ ve ilerlemeyi sii.rdiirerek Marmara Denizi'nin kttzey kiyllarm1 i$gal etmi$lerdir. Os111anl1 Genelkurmay1 'nuz ve yerel yonetimlerin tiim gayretlerine ragmen Marmara havzasmda ya$ayan Gayri Miislim halkm Bulgar ordusuna yapttklan gizli yardtmlar engellenememi$tir.

This article unveils that being Ottoman citizen Non-Muslim people helped Bulgarian soldiers during Balkan Wars. At that time Bulgarian amiy defeated Ottoman Eastem army's corps afterwards advancing first to <;atalca approached Istanbul and continuing their advance occupied the Marmara's north coastline. In despite of Ottoman authorities preventions the Non-Muslim help to Bulgarian soldiers couldn't be stoppedThis article unveils that being Ottoman citizen Non-Muslim people helped Bulgarian soldiers during Balkan Wars. At that time Bulgarian amiy defeated Ottoman Eastem army's corps afterwards advancing first to <;atalca approached Istanbul and continuing their advance occupied the Marmara's north coastline. In despite of Ottoman authorities preventions the Non-Muslim help to Bulgarian soldiers couldn't be stopped
İSTANBUL ÜNiVERSİTESİ EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ GÜNEYDOĞU AVRUPA ARAŞTIRMALARI DERGİSİ BİBLİYOGRAFYASI
THE BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE JOURNAL FOR SOUTH EASTERN EUROPEAN STUDIES OF THE FACULTY OF LETTERS AT ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY
Yazar: Ünver, Metin
Dergi: Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 0 No. 13, 2014
Anahtar kelimeler: Güney- Doğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Güney- Doğu Avrupa, Bibliyorafya, Makaleler, Yayın, Dergi ; Journal for Eastern European Studies,Eastern Europe,Bibliography,Articles,Publication,Journal

Bu ralt$mamn amac1 ilk deja 1972 'de yay1mlanan Gii11ey-Dogu Avrupa Ara$llrmalarz Dergisi 'nin tam ve sistematik bir bibliyografyasmm hazzrlanmas1d1r. Dergi re$itli sebeplerden otiirii, on iki say1 yay1mland1ktan sonar 1998'de yaym hayatma ara verilmi$ olup, dok11z yillik bir aradan sonra tekrar yaym hayatma donmektedir. Derginin onceki say1larmda yer alan makalelerin sistematik bir bibliyografyas1 a$ag1da, once makalelerin yazar soyadma gore, sonra ise konu ba$l1klari halinde diizenlenerek verilmi$tir. Kitap ta11111m1 ve diger haberler ise ayrz olarak Notlar, lktibaslar, Haberler ve Kitabiyat k1smmda gosterilmi$tir.

The aim of this study is to prepare a complete and systematic list of the articles published in the Journal for Eastern European Studies which was first released in 1972. The Journal had to cease publishing for various reasons after the publication of the twelve volumes until 1998. Following a break of nine years, the Journal has been published again. A systematic bibliography of articles in its previous editions is given below, arranging, at the first place, the articles according to awhors' surnames, then in accordance with their subjects. The book reviews and the other news are listed separately under the chapter Notes, Quotations, News and Book Reviews.
GÜNEY DOĞU AVRUPA ARAŞTIRMALARI ENSTİTÜSÜ/MERKEZİ'NİN KURULUŞU VE FAALİYETLERİ (Kuruluş 1969)
ESTABLISHMENT AND ACTIVITIES OF THE INSTITUTE/CENTRE FOR SOUTll EASTERN EUROPEAN STUDIES (ESTABLISHED IN 1969)
Yazar: Ünver, Metin
Dergi: Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 0 No. 14, 2014
Anahtar kelimeler: Güney Doğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Enstitüsü/ Merkezi, Balkanlar, tarih, arkeoloji, Güney Doğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Edirne ; Institute/Centre for South Eastern Studies,Balkans,histo1y,archaeology,Journal/or South Eastern Studies,Adriana/op

/311 a/1~·111ada 1969 ytlmda c11stitiisii olarak k11r11/dukta11 so11ra, 1982 'de statiisii degi~·tirilerek Gii11eydog11 Avrupa Ara$ltr111alart Merkezi 'ne <,:evrile11 k11m111w1 idar/ yap1.1·1 Fe faaliyetleri gene/ hat/any/a ele a/111arak, k1sa gep11i~·i11de ili111 dii11yas111da saglad1g1 faydalar iizerinde d11rul111aya 9aft$tf1111$/tr. istanbul Oniversitesi Edebiyat Faki.iltesi bilnyesinde Giiney Dogu Ara~·tmnalan Merkezi (Enstitiisii) adt altmda Edime'de faaliyetlerine ba~layan ve onemli misyonlar ilstlenmesi ongorillen kurum hakkmda c;:ok fazla bilgi mevcut degildir. Halbuki Merkez, kendisine konu olarak dogrudan bolgeyi sec;:en ve faaliyetlerini burada yogunla~t1ran benzerleri arasmda ilk kurulu~ / olmas1 bak1mmdan ayn bir oneme sahiptir. Bu c;:ah~ma, bilhassa konu hakkmda bir c;:erc;:eve c;:izmeyi hedeflemektedir. Bu baktmdan kurumun tam bir tarihc;:esini veren bir c;:ah~ma olma iddiasma sahip degildir. Daha ziyade l 969'da kurnlan milessesenin 2000 y1hnm ba~larma kadar olan idan yap1s1 ve faaliyetlerine genel hatlanyla deginilmeye c;:ah~tlacaktir.

This paper deals with governing structure and scientific activities of the Centre for South Eastern European Studies, which was initially founded as a11 institute in 1969 before the reorganisation of its statute into a centre. The contributions made by the centre to the world of science are also briefly dwelt on, although it has a short life span. This paper deals with governing structure and scientific activities of the Centre for South Eastern European Studies, which was initially founded as a11 institute in 1969 before the reorganisation of its statute into a centre. The contributions made by the centre to the world of science are also briefly dwelt on, although it has a short life span.
ABD'NiN BULGARiSTAN'IN KURTULUŞU KONULU MEMORANDUMU (20 ARALIK 1918)
AMERICAN MEMORANDUM ON BULGARIA'S LIBERATION (20 DECEMBER 1918)
Yazar: Hacıoğlu, Sevim
Dergi: Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 0 No. 14, 2014
Anahtar kelimeler: Bulgaria,Bulgaria's Foundation,USA-Bulgaria Relations ; Julgarista11,Bulgaristan '111 K11r11./11.y11,ABD-B11/garista11 i!i!jkileri

I. Dii11ya Sam~·1 so11/ar111da A l111a11ya '11111 mag/up o/acag111111 kesi11/e.ytigi bir donemde, B11/garista11 i/e A BD arasmda siyas'i yakmla!jma meyda11a gelmi~ tir. B11lgarista11 '111 sava!jtan ate.ykes imzalayarak t;1kt1g1 ve Neuilly ban.y 111iizakereleri11in ba.ylamas1111 bekledigi bir tariltte, 20 Ara/1k 1918 'de Waslti11gto11 'da ABD '11i11, Bulgarista11 '111 1876-1878 siireci11deki siyasi k11rtu/11.y1111a katk1s1111 a11/ata11 bir Memorandum yay111/a111111.yt1r. 811 t;ert;evede ista11bul Robert Koleji ve t;ab.ya11/ar111111 yapt1g1 "yard1mlara"  odakla11a11 Memora11d11m, ay111 oku/1111 bir d611e111 y611eticisi ola11 George Washburn '1111 "Fifty Years i11 Co11sta11tinople and Recollectio11s of Robert College" (1909) ba~·!tkftltat1rat111da yer a/an bilgilerle t;eli,m1ektcdir. Bu bak1mda11 tarihi beige ozelligi 11iteligi11deki soz konusu Memorandum esasmda tarihi olaylarm o/dugu lwliyle aktanlmas1 yeri11e, yoru111/a11111as111a i>11emli bir i>mektir.

At the end o.f First World War when Germany's defeat became definite, a political rapproche111e11t bet1Veen Bulgaria and USA took place. After Bulgaria ca111e out the war by signing an armistice and while she waited peace negotiations to begin, at 2<1" December 1918 in Washington a Memorandum 011 USA 's co11tributio11 to Bulgaria 's political liberation was published. The Memorandum which was focussing on Istanbul Robert College and its staffs' contributions was in contradiction with "Fifty Years in Constantinople and Recollections of Robert College" (1909) headed memories of George Wash bum who was once director of the same College. Jn this regard the mentioned Memorandum which has a historical document character actually is an important example not of exposition but of a comment 011 past events.
XV. VE XVI. YÜZYILLARDA YANBOLU ŞEHRİ
CITY OF l'ANBOLU BETWEEN xv" -XV" CENTURIES
Yazar: Özyurt, Selcen
Dergi: Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 0 No. 14, 2014
Anahtar kelimeler: Yanbolu,city,economy,demography,commerce ; Yanbolu, Şehir, Ekonomi, Demografik, Ticaret

311 9alt!j111ada Yanbo/11 !jehrinin 1454-1603 y1/larm1 kapsayan Tapu Talirir de.fterlerine ve diger ara!jllrmalara gore fiziki, demografik ve eko110111ik yap1s1111 ortaya koyduk. Sag Kol iizerinde yer a/an Yanbo/11 !jeliri sahip old11g11 bu ozelligi sayesinde onemli bir ticari merkez ha/ine gelmi!jtir. Fet'1edi/111esi11de11 itibaren tipik bir Osman/1 !jehri olan Yanbolu '111111111a'1alleleri, 11iif11s11, ticarifaaliyet/eri ve mimari ozellikleri i11cele11111i!jlir. Yanbolu ~e hrinin de dahil oldugu Silistre'nin kurulu~ tarihi tam olarak bilinmemekl e beraber, tarihl kaynaklar bu bOlgcnin MO. L yi.izyilda Romahlar taraf111dan kuruldugunu bildirmektedir. Bolge, Tuna 'nm Karadeniz'e dokiildi.igi.i delta k1 srn111da yer almaktad1r. Jcopolitik konum itibariyle, Orta ve Dogu Avrupa'nm, Karadeniz ve Bogazlar ile birle~erek, Akdeniz ve Asya-Afrika i.ilkelerine a9ilan bir kap1 niteliginde olmasmdan dolay1 ekonomik, askeri ve stratejik bir oneme sahiptir1 •

fn this article, ivc i/111111i11a/e the physical, demographics and economical structure of" Yanbolu city according lo Tapu Tahrir registers including the years 1454- 1603 and other researches. Because of" its location 011 Crimea-Black Sea Trade Way, Yanbolu had been a sig11(fica111 commercial center. Th ere/ore, we examine Yanbol11 's districts, population, mercantile activities anc/ architectural principles as a characteristic Ot1oma11 city from the date of co11q11esrfn this article, ivc i/111111i11a/e the physical, demographics and economical structure of" Yanbolu city according lo Tapu Tahrir registers including the years 1454- 1603 and other researches. Because of" its location 011 Crimea-Black Sea Trade Way, Yanbolu had been a sig11(fica111 commercial center. Th ere/ore, we examine Yanbol11 's districts, population, mercantile activities anc/ architectural principles as a characteristic Ot1oma11 city from the date of co11q11esr
TANZİMAT DÖNEMİ TAŞRA YÖNETİMİNDE SELANİK ÖRNEĞİ
THE THESSALAONJCA SAMPLE JN THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE PROVINCES JN THE REORGANIZATION PERIOD
Yazar: Özdemir, Hüseyin
Dergi: Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 0 No. 14, 2014
Anahtar kelimeler: Tanzimat, Konsolos, Vali, Asayiş, Maaş ; Reorga11izatio11,Consul,Governor of a Province,Publicorder,SalOJJ

Ta11zimat sonras1 yapilan idari reform/aria merkeziyet<;i bir yonetim a11/ay1:;1 getiri/111i!jtir. Merkeziyet<;ilik ise ta~·ralarda bir y611eti111 ho:;lugu do!,'111'//lll!jlur. Valileri11 yetkisizligi ve idari karmaialar, ozellikle gayrimiislimlerin yoift.111 hul1111dug11 Sela11ik 'te azmlik 111/lletleri11 e:;k1ya lwreketlerini koriiklemi:;, asayi:; ve h11z11r sagla11a111a1111:;t1r. Aynca Merkezi idare11i11 ve ko11soloslarm gayr-i 111iisli111/ere yonelik imtiyazlart, eko110111ik soru11/ar, iyi yeti:;mi~· devlet ricali ve 111e11111r azl1g1 Sela11ik ta~·ra y611eti111inde valiler/11 ba~·art!an111 golgeleyen en 611e111li etkenler 0!111u:;tur. Belki de yapil111as1 gereken, hale uygun hir bit;imde ve Mithat Pa~·a 11111 Tuna vilayeti 6megi11de oldugu gibi 11Ahali11i11 1slah-1 efkan ile idare-i matluben/11 hasi/1 11 pre11sibi11i11 yayg111la:;t1r1larak uyg11la11111as1yd1. Boylece tebaa11111 devlete daha fazla bagla11111as1yla ve miite~·ebbis kabiliyetleri11i ge/i~ tir111eleriyle 111iislt1111a11-gayrimiisli111 biitii11 halk olarak a~ agulan y11kar1ya dog111 geli~·111e ve kurtu/11:; saglanabilirdi.

For a period of 20 years after the Tanzimat Fermani, even valis who may be considered equal to the task were 1111able to establish a successful administration. The reason was the Tanzimat a11d /slahat Ferma11s provoked the mi11orities to i11depe11dence in Salonika. Where there were ma11y 11011-Miislims, and security co11ld 11ot be provided. At the same time, the most important factors overshadoning the success of the valis i11 Salo11ika. Provincial admi11istration were the central governtments and the consulates' capitulations in favo11r of thenon Miislims, the eco11omic problems of this period when the 011oma11 State was beginning to collapse and the insufficient education. which produced feww well prepared administrations a11d civil servant. Perhaps it was necessary Midl10t Pa:;'s example in Tuna vilayeti to have spread elsewhere. The principle: "The people's ideas developing to prodence a govemtment they wa11t" Would bind them more closely to the state and Miis/ims and non-Miislims together Would have produced an independence movement
TATAR ALİM KURBANALİ HACI HALİDOĞLU'NUN ORTA VE GUNEYDOĞU AVRUPA SEYAHATI
TATAR INTELLECTUAL KURBANALI HALIDOGLU'S MIDDLE AND SOUTH-EAST EUROPE JORNUEY
Yazar: Ünal, Fatih
Dergi: Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 0 No. 14, 2014
Anahtar kelimeler: Kurbanali Halidoğlu, Varşova, Viyana, Budapeşte, Belgrat, Sofya ; Kurbanali Halidog/11,Warsaw,Vienna,Budapest,Belgrade,Sofia

Dog11 Tiirkistanlt miiverrih Kurbanali Halidog/11 'mm 1897-98 y1/lar111da yapt1.g1 /we seferinde ugrad1g1 Avrupa kentleri, Tiirkistanlt bir aydmm gozlem ve degerlendirmeleriyle ele almmaktadtr. Rusya, Po/on ya, A vusturya, S1rbistan, Macaristan ve B11/garista11 iizeri11de11 yaptla.11 bu seyahalle, seyyahlarm klasik olarak temas ettigi hususlarm ya11111da Kurbana/i 'nin kendi ilgi a/an/art ve intibalan da yer a/111aktad1r. Seyahatnameler seyyahlarm gezdikleri, gordilkleri farkh Ulkeler, milletler ve killtilrlere dair daha c;;ok kendi intibalanm yans1tir. ic;;Ierinde birc;;ok on yarg1, kurgu ve bazen de abartiy1 barmdmr. Bu bak1mdan ara~tlrmac1lar tarafmdan kullamhrken bu hususlar dikkate ahmr. Bununla birlikte seyyahlarm, gordilkleri yerlerin cografi yap1lan, tarihi, kiiltilril, hayat tarz1 ile ilgili verdigi bilgilerin degeri bilhassa asli kaynaklann bulunmad1g1 hallerde goz ard1 edilemez. 19. asirda bahdaki sanayi ve endilstri alanmdaki geli~meler, batih gozlemcileri, ozellikle siyasi, dini ve ekonomik maksath olarak doguyu ara~t;rmaya ittigi gibi, sanayi ve endiistrinin yeni bir bah medeniyeti yaratt1g1 A vrupa 'y1 tammak da dogulu aydmlan cezb etmi~tir.

An East Turkestani intellectual Kurbanali Halidoglu 's observations and assessments of his pilgrimage between 1897 and 1898 are the main subject of this article. Kurbanali wrote down /iis own interests and obsen1ations between classical themes of voyagers through his journey comprising Russia, Poland, Austria, Serbia, Hungaria and BulgariaAn East Turkestani intellectual Kurbanali Halidoglu 's observations and assessments of his pilgrimage between 1897 and 1898 are the main subject of this article. Kurbanali wrote down /iis own interests and obsen1ations between classical themes of voyagers through his journey comprising Russia, Poland, Austria, Serbia, Hungaria and Bulgaria
KONSTANTiNOPOLiS KiLiSESi'NiN KURULU$U: MiTOLOJi VE TARiH
THE EMERGENCE OF THE CHURCH OF CONSTANTINOPLE: MYTHOLOGY AND HISTORY
Yazar: Kaçar, Turhan
Dergi: Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 0 No. 14, 2014
Anahtar kelimeler: liavari Andreas,Konsta11ti1111s,Ko11sta11fi110polis,Patrikhane,Biza11s Kilisesi ; Apostle Andrew,Constanti1111s,Constantinopolis,Patriarchate,Byzantine Church

Bu makale, Konsta11ti11opolis Kilisesi '11i11 kurn!U$lll11111 tarihsel ve mitolojik temel!erini sorgula111ay1 amar;la111aktad1r. Makale, Patrik/1a11e11i11 k11ruc11 havarisi ola11 Andreas '111 roliinil sorgufamakta ve omm isminin kurucu havari olarak ser;il111esini11 gerisi11de siyasal faktorlerin yatttgm1 sav11nmaktad1r. Bu g6rii~ii11 teme/inde ise, erken donem kilise literatiirii11ii11 Konsta11ti11opolis ve Andreas arasmda herhangi bir bagla11t1ya yer vermemesi vard1r. <;alt$ma, Ko11stanti11opolis Kilisesi '11i11 tarihsel olarak IV. Yiizy11da h11parator Ko11stantin11s zamanmda kuru/d11gum1 ve Konstantinus oncesi donemin biitii11iiyle mitolojik ofdugun11 ortaya koymaktadtr. Donemi11 kilise kaynaklan ve modern bait literatiiriinde a/an/a ilgili r;alt$malar, yaz111111 temel refera11slartd1r.

This paper aims at investigating the mythological and historical aspects of the referances 011 the foundations of the church of Byzantion. The paper questions the authencity of the the tradition of the Apostle Andrew as the fo1111der of the church of Byzantion and identifies this tradition as a mythological construct of the late ninth century, and places the real foundation of the church in the first quarter of the fourth centwy The main explanation for the Andrew tradition is its late invention/or political purposes, as the tradition did not exist in the early sources. The historical perspectives have offered l1ere are that the growt/1 of the Byzantine capital city accompanies the rise of its re/Jgious head. The sources used here are the contemporary ecclesiastical materials and the products of the modem western scholarship 011 the field.
ANKHİALOS SAVAŞl'NIN SONUNA KADAR BİZANS-BULGAR İLİŞKİLERİ
THE BYZANTINE-BULGARIA RELATIONS UNTIL THE BATTLE OF ANKHIALOS
Yazar: Küçüksipahioğlu, Birsel
Dergi: Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 0 No. 14, 2014
Anahtar kelimeler: Bulgarlar, İmparator IV. Konstantinos, Kubrat, İmparator Justinianos, Tervel ; Bu/gars,Emperor JV. Konstantinos,Kubrat,Emperor fl. Justinianos,Tervel

Biza11s lmparator/11g11 '111111 B11/garlarla ili~kisi V. yiizyi/111 iki11ci yartsmda ba~ladt . Bu/gar ismi11i11 ortaya 91k1~·1 ve Bizans kay11aklar111da yer af111as1 do bu doneme rastlamaktad1r. Bufgarlar Kubrat lider/igi11de 635 yt!mda ilk de1l/et/eri11i tesis elliler. K11brat '111 o/iimii11de11 sonra be~ og/1111dan biri 0/011 Asparuli, Tuna Neliri civar111a geldi ve Biza11s i111parator/11g11 ile miicadeleye ba~lad1. /mparator IV. Ko11sta11ti11os 'u mag/up eden Asparu/i, 681 yi/111da Tuna '11111 gii11eyi11de Tuna Bu/gar Devleti '11i kurdu. IV. Ko11sta11ti11os bu dev/eti tamyarak Bu/gar/aria ban~· yap11. Asparuli 'wt yerine ge9e11 Tervel, II. J11sti11ia1111s 'un 705 yi/111da ikinci kez tahta 91k111as111a yard1111c1 oldu. //. Justi11ia1111s ona pek 9ok hediye ile bir/ikte "Caesar" 1111110111 verdi. V. Ko11sta11ti11os doneminde Bufgarlarla miicadele devam elli ve imparalor 011/ara kar~t dokuz sefer yaptt. 763 yilmdaki A11khialos Sava~t Biza11s '111 kesin zaferiyle son119/a11d1. Ancak Biza11s-B11/gar miicadelesi b1111da11 sonra do devam etti.

The Byzantine-Bulgaria relations started in the second half of the 5th cent111y. The name "Bu/gar" occurs in Byzantine sources at the same period as well. The first Bulgarian state was founded by Kubrat in 635. After Kubrat 's death Asparuch, one of his five sons, came to River Danube and started to struggle with Byzantine Empire. Defeating the Emperor Constantine IV, Aspa111ch founded the Bulgarian State of Danube in 681. The Emperor acknowledged this state and made peace with Bulgarians. After death of Aspal'Uch his successor Tervel provided Justinia1111s fl to regain his throne in 705. Justinia1111s JI rewarded Tervel with lavish gifts and the rank of "Caesar". Constantine V continued to struggle with Bulgarians and made nine expeditions against them. Finally the Emperor fought a bloody battle with Bulgarians at Ankhialos in 763 and defeated them. However, The Byzantine-Bulgarian stl'Uggle has continued during later cell/uries.
iKi KUSATMA, iKi KOMUTAN: PLEVNE (1877) VE KUT'UL-AMARE (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASA VE TUMGENERAL C V.F. TOWNSHEND
TWO SIEGE, TWO COMMANDER: PLEVNA (1877) AND KUT-Al -AMARA (1915-1916), GAZi OSMAN PASHA AND MAJOR-GENERAL C. V.F. TOWNSHEND
Yazar: Üzen, İsmet
Dergi: Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 0 No. 15, 2014
Anahtar kelimeler: Plevna,Kut-al-A111ara,Siege,Gazi Osman Pasha,General Townshend ; Plevne, Kut'ül-Amare, Kuşatma, Gazi Osman Paşa, General Townshend

Plevne savu11mas1 diinyada e$i gorii/m mi~· bir sav1111111ad1r 1•e tii111 d1"i11yay1 kendisine hayra11 btrakmt$1tr. Bu yom"iyle daha so11ra kt1$al111a a/1111da kalan ko11111ta11/ara da ilha111 kay11ag1 o!mtt$ft1r. Omegi11, Birinci Dt"inya Sava~· 111da lrak Cephesinde Tfirklere kar$t Kut 'iii-A mare )ii sav1111011 General Tow11 she11d J'levne ben::eri bir sav1111111a yapmt$1tr. f /a/1ralan11da /I kez J'lev11 e sav111111ws111a ve Gazi Osman Pa aya attfta buh11111111~·111r. 811 ralt$11Wda, Plev11 e ve K11t 'l"il-A111are '11i11 sav111111ws1 ve ir;inde b11!1111duk/cm $Ortlar 11111kayese di/111i~· 1ir. Ba~· /1 ca 11111kayese ko1111lan w1/ardan of11$1110ktadtr: CogrnfYa, strateji, wktik, kri$af11w, K11rtar111a On/usu. kasabada11 r;ekilme ko1111s11, teslim 0/1110 tek/ifleri, propaganda, firar/ar, yiyecek s1kmt1s1, palw!t/1k ve karaborsa, hasta!tk, ke11di11i yara/a111a ve intihar olaylan, yaralt!an ziyaret, h11r111;:, galip ve magluplarm kar$Ila$111as1, esaret ve eve don ii . Bu iki ku$alnw111n mukayesesi bizi baz1 ortak sonur;lara gotiirmektedir.

The defence of Plevna was an extraordi1w1J1 one which has never been see11 before and it filled with admiration the world. Th erefore, it was inspirited by commanders who were under sieges during the post-Plevna era. For example, General Townshend, who was the defender of Kut-al-amara in the First World War, made a similar defence of Plevna. 1 le ref erred to the defence of Plevna and Gazi Os111 a11 Pasha 11 times in his me11101y. In this study, defences of Plevna and Kut-al-Amara and their conditions have been compared. Th e main subjects of comparison are as following: Geography, strategy and tactic, siege, relief f orce, 111 atter of withdrawal from town, proposal f or surrender, propaganda, desertions, lack of food, expensiveness and black 111arket, sickness, wounding hi111self and committing suicide, visiting f or the wounded, sortie, meeting of the victors and the defeated, captivity and back to home. Th e comparison of these two def ences has led us to some common results.
KOSOVA SORUNU: TARiHSEL PERSPEKTiFTEN BiR DEĞERLENDiRME
THE QUESTION OF KOSOVO: A RETROSPECTIVE EVALUATION
Yazar: Arslan, İsmail
Dergi: Güneydoğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, Vol. 0 No. 15, 2014
Anahtar kelimeler: Kosava sorunu, Balkanlar, Osmanlı Devleti, Tito Dönemi, UÇK, İbrahim Rugova ; The Question of Kosovo,Balkans,Th e Otto111a11 State,The period of Ti'to,KLA,Ibrahim Rugova

Kosova so1w111, 2008 yilmda 11/11slararas1 giindemin en onemli ko11ulartndan biri olmu$tur. Bu r;a/1~·111ada Kosova sorummun tarihsel arka pla111 hakkmda gene/ !tat/any/a bir degerlendirme yapt!arak Kosova 'da ya$ayan ltalklar ve bu ltalklam1 etnik kokeni, Os111an/1 do11e111inde, II. Diinya Sava$t s1rasmda, Tito doneminde ve 0111111 olii111ii11de11 sonraki siirer;te Kosova sonmu ele a!tnmt$tlr. Ayr1ca Kosova soru11u11a Sup ve Amavutlar111 nast! yakla~·t1klart konusuna deginilerek Tiirkiye 'nin sonma yakla$11111, Vc;K '11111 ortaya r;1k1g Kosova '11111 bag1ms1z!tg111a gide11 siirer; ve bag1ms1z!tga kar$t gosterilen tepkiler degerlendirilmi$fir.

Th e question of Kosovo has beco111 e one of the 111ost i111portant proble111s in the international agenda in 2008. Jn this study, first of all an evaluation about historical background 4 the question of Kosovo has been done and later the question of Kosovo has been studied fi'o111 the perspectives of Kosovans and their ethnic root has been touched upon. 711 e 0110111 an period and following era, second world war period and the pre and post Tito era has also been analyzed. Moreover, how the Serbians and the Albanians approached to the question of Kosovo, the standpoint of Turkey on the issue and the emergence of KLA (Kosovo Liberation Army) a11d the process going to the independence and reactions towards the independence have been evaluated.