Ege Bölgesi Önemli Kiraz Çeşitlerinin Döllenme Uyuşmazlığı Grupları Üzerinde Araştırmalar
Investigations on Pollination Incompatibility Groups of Sweet Cherries Grown in Aegean Region
Yazar: Öz, Fahrettin; Kaşka, Nurettin
Dergi: Bahçe, Vol. 13 No. 2, 1984
Anahtar kelimeler: Agricultural Engineering (Other) ; Ziraat Mühendisliği (Diğer) ; Ege Bölgesi,Kiraz,Döllenme Uyuşmazlığı ; Aegean Region,Cherry,Fertilization Conflict

Bu araştırma; 1981, 1982 ve 1983 yıllarında, Ege bölgesinde yetiştirilen önemli kiraz çeşitlerinin döllenme uyuşmazlığı grupları ve bununla ilgili diğer bazı özelliklerini saptamak amacıyla yapılmış ve aşağıdaki sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Araştırmaya alınan toplam 21 kiraz çeşidi 30 günlük bir çiçeklenme ile 44 günlük olgunlaşma süresini kapsamaktadır. Çiçek tozları %0, %10, %15 ve %20’lik şeker çözeltileriyle yapay çimlendirme denemelerine alınmış olup, en yüksek çimlenme %15’lik orandan elde edilmiştir. Çiçek tozu çimlenme oranları ile bahçe koşullarından elde edilen meyve tutumu oranları arasında kesin bir ilişkinin olmadığı saptanmıştır. Bahçe koşullarında yapılan karşılıklı tozlanmalar ve laboratuvarda flüoresanlı mikroskop ile çiçek tozu çim borularının dişicik borusu ve yumurtalıktaki gelişmelerinin gözlemlerine dayanılarak; Akşehir Napolyon’u, Siyah Gözüme ve 0900 Ziraat çeşitleri 4. uyuşmazlık (S₂S₃), Aydın Siyahı 1. uyuşmazlık (S₁S₂) grubunda bulunmuşlardır. Kara Kiraz da muhtemelen 11. uyuşmazlık grubunda bulunmaktadır. Farklı tozlayıcı çeşitler meyve ve çekirdek iriliğini etkilemişlerdir. Ayrıca, erkenci çeşitler olgunluk zamanını öne almışlar, geç çeşitler ise geciktirmişlerdir. Bu etki çeşitlere bağlı olarak, 1-3 gün arasında değişmiştir.

In this study, flowering and ripening periods, germinations of pollens in artificial conditions, pollen tube growth in the style and in the ovary, fruit set percentages resulting from reciprocal crossings, pollination incompatibility groups determined by S gene structures were all investigated. Furthermore, effect of pollinizers on fruit and stone size and maturation times were also studied. Experiments were basically conducted in 1981 and 1982 but, reciprocal pollinations were repeated once more in 1983 on the combinations showing incompatibility. The results are as follows: 1. Due to the close relations with pollination and fertilization, first, full and last blooming periods were recorded on all cultivars studied. 21 sweet cherry varieties under observation, have a flowering period of 30 days and were divided into 3 groups to be as early; mid and late-flowering. 2. The ripening period of all cultivars covers 43 days and it has been divided into 6 groups as being very early, early, early-mid, mid-late, late and very late. 3. In the studies of in vitro pollen germination tests on 21 sweet cherry cvs. the highest rate was 15% sucrose solution. A definite correlation between germination rate in vitro and fruit set percentage in vivo was not found. 4. Pollen-tube growth in the style was observed by means of "fluorescence". In all compatible combinations, it was observed that the pollen-tube reached the ovary. In incompatible ones such as Merton Premier × 0900 Ziraat, Merton Premier × Akşehir Napolyonu, on the other hand, pollen-tube growths were arrested in the middle of the style; in Merton Premier × Siyah Gözüme, they only grew up to one-fourth of the style; in Roundel × Aydın Siyahı, they were arrested at the beginning of the style. In Noble × Kara Kiraz combination, pollen-tubes passed over the style but, did not penetrate the ovary. 5. Pollen-tube/style incompatibility tests conducted in vitro were integrated in vivo conditions. In "compatible combinations". 92507 flowers belonging to 21 cvs and 475 pollination directions, were pollinated, out of them 16034 fruits were obtained. Cultivars with names Akşehir Napolyonu, Siyah Gözüme and 0900 Ziraat were found in the incompatibility group 4. with S₂S₃ structures. Aydın Siyahı in incompatibility group 1. with S₁S₂ structures and Kara Kiraz is probability in the incompatibility group 2. with unknown S gene structures. 6. Compatibility and incompatibility on the cvs studies so far were not depended on the directions of pollinations between female and male parents. 7. Results obtained from in vitro and in vivo studies were found to be confirming each other. 8. Metaxenie was also studied with regard to fruit, stone size and ripening time in the cvs. Fruit size in 88 case and stone size in 77 out of 312 combinations were affected by pollinizers in 1982 and 1983. Different pollinizers affected ripening dates of the same cultivar. In 1982-1983, The early cultivars which were used as pollinizers accelerated the maturation in comparison with the late ripening ones and open pollinations on the average of 1-3 days depending upon the combinations. This effect was observed in 87 combinations of the totals reaching 156. 9. No positive correlation was found to exist between the fruit size and fruit set rate.