ERKEN CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİ ULUS İNŞA SÜRECİNDE IRK VE IRKÇILIK (1923-1938) IN THE EARLY REPUCLIC PERIOD IN THE NATION-BUILDING PROCESS RACE AND RACISM (1923-1938)
ERKEN CUMHURİYET DÖNEMİ ULUS İNŞA SÜRECİNDE IRK VE IRKÇILIK (1923-1938) IN THE EARLY REPUCLIC PERIOD IN THE NATION-BUILDING PROCESS RACE AND RACISM (1923-1938)
Yazar: Erden Kaya, Emine
Dergi: Akademik Hassasiyetler, Vol. 2 No. 3, 2015
Anahtar kelimeler: Irk, Irkçılık, Antropoloji, Türk Tarih Tezi, Brakisefal

Özet19.  yüzyılla birlikte Batı’da ırkla ilgili düşünce ve eylemler yükselişe geçti. Bu fikirler zamanla politik ve ekonomik amaçlar içeren ideolojik bir yapı halini alarak ırkçı ve ayrılıkçı uygulamalara dönüştü. Batı emperyalist amaçlarını bilimi kullanarak meşrulaştırma telaşı içindeydi. Bu amaçla “bilimsel” antropolojik araştırma verileri kullanılarak dünya milletleri çeşitli ırk kategorileri altında tasnife tabi tutulmuştu. Bu tasnif içinde Türkler sarı ırk kategorisine dâhil edilmişti. Uygar bir toplum oluşturma ve uygar toplumlar arasında yer alma tahayyülü olan Erken Cumhuriyet yöneticileri bu durumu kabul edilemez buldu ve Batıya karşı savunmacı bir telaşla bir dizi antropolojik çalışma başlattı. Amaç Türklerin de Avrupalılar kadar medeni ve beyaz ırktan olduğunu ispatlamaktı. Romantik etkilerle elde edilen verilerle birlikte milli bilinci ve ulusal bağları güçlendirecek söylemlerle Türk tarihi yeniden şekillendirildi. Bu çalışmada öncelikle ırk ve ırkçılık kavram ve kuramlar temelinde incelenecek ardından Erken Cumhuriyet Dönemin ulus inşa sürecinde, Batı’nın Türkler hakkındaki sarı ırk suçlamalarına bilimi şiar edinerek, özellikle antropoloji ve tarih çalışmalarıyla nasıl cevap verilmeye çalışıldığı ve ırkçılığın bu savunma hareketindeki etkisi incelenecektir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Irk, Irkçılık, Antropoloji, Türk Tarih Tezi, Brakisefal, Dolikosefal.AbstractDuring the 19th century, thoughts and actions about race incresead in the West. These ideas over time including political and economic objectives by taking an ideological state turned into a racist and discriminatory practices. West was the flurry of using science to justify their imperialist aims. For this purpose, world were graded according to scientific anthropological research under various race categories by the nations of the Western. Acccording to this classifications,  Turks had been included in this to the yellow race category. Early Republican managers whom  dreaming of create a civilized society and  take place between civil societies, found this situation unacceptable and launched a series of anthropological studies against to West with defensive hastily. The aim was to prove that the Turks are civil and Caucasians as much as the Europeans. The data obtained, romantic influences and the rhetoric that will strengthen national consciousness and national ties were reshaped Turkish history. In this study, firstly race and racism concepts and theories will be examined on the basis, then in the process of Early Republican nation-building on West's  “Turks are the yellow race” blame on, science based especially try to answer how the anthropological and historical studies and racism impact on the defense motion will be discussed.Key Words: Race, Racism, Antropology, Turkish History Thesis, Brachycephalic, Dolichocephalic.

During the 19th century, thoughts and actions about race incresead in the West. These ideas over time including political and economic objectives by taking an ideological state turned into a racist and discriminatory practices. West was the flurry of using science to justify their imperialist aims. For this purpose, world were graded according to scientific anthropological research under various race categories by the nations of the Western. Acccording to this classifications, Turks had been included in this to the yellow race category. Early Republican managers whom dreaming of create a civilized society and take place between civil societies, found this situation unacceptable and launched a series of anthropological studies against to West with defensive hastily. The aim was to prove that the Turks are civil and Caucasians as much as the Europeans. The data obtained, romantic influences and the rhetoric that will strengthen national consciousness and national ties were reshaped Turkish history. In this study, firstly race and racism concepts and theories will be examined on the basis, then in the process of Early Republican nation-building on West’s “Turks are the yellow race” blame on, science based especially try to answer how the anthropological and historical studies and racism impact on the defense motion will be discussed