Mefʿûl-u Mutlakta Âmilin Hazfi: Fiil Yerine Mastar Tercihinin Gerekçeleri
The Ellipsis of The Āmil ın Mefʿūl Mutlaq: Justıfıcatıons for The Choıce of Infınıtıve Instead of Verb
Yazar: Kızılkaya, Yakup
Dergi: Dinbilimleri Akademik Araştırma Dergisi, Vol. 25 No. 2, 2025
Anahtar kelimeler: Arabic Language and Rhetoric ; Arap Dili ve Belagatı ; Arabic Language and Rhetoric,Mafʿūl muṭlaq,Infinitive,Ḥadhf,Taʾkīd ; Arap Dili ve Belagatı,Mefʿûl-u mutlak,Mastar,Hazif,Tekit

Mefʿûl-u mutlakın cümlede fiilin anlamını pekiştirmek, yapılış şeklini açıklamak veya sayısını belirtmek biçiminde öne çıkan üç görevi bulunmaktadır. Ancak fiili hazfolan mefʿûl-u mutlakın cümleye ayrıca kattığı farklı anlamlar olabilmektedir. Bu çalışma fiili hazfolan mefʿûl-u mutlakın cümleye kattığı farklı anlamları incelemektedir. Bu vesileyle fiilin hazfine sebep olan yapısal ve anlamsal gerekçelerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmanın ayırıcı özelliği fiilin hazfinin söz konusu olduğu dizilimleri analiz etmesinin yanında hazfin gerekçelerine yönelik veriler sunmaya çalışmasıdır. Çalışmada fiilin hazfedildiği yapılar ve özellikleri klasik ve modern dönem kaynaklardan doküman analizi yöntemiyle incelenmekte ve elde edilen veriler yorumlanmaktadır. Bulguların analizi sonrasında mefʿûl-u mutlakın fiilinin mahzûf olduğu dizilimlerin birçok farklı anlamsal gerekçeyle oluşturulduğu görülmüş olmakla birlikte özellikle fiilin hazfinin bir zorunluluk olduğu yapılarda bunun çoğunlukla mefʿûl-u mutlakın temel kullanım amacı olan tekit dışında bir anlamı sağlamak için yapıldığı anlaşılmıştır.

Mafʿūl mutlaq, whose main function is to reinforce the meaning of the verb in the sentence in which it appears, is an element that is also used to explain the way the verb is done or its number. The mafʿūl mutlaq, which usually stands out with these three functions, contributes to the expression in many other ways. Many of the meanings that mafʿūl mutlaq adds to the expression depend on the omitting of its verb. In addition to reinforcing the verb, mafʿūl mutlaq is also used as a substitute infinitive for the verb analyzed in this study. Mafʿūl mutlaq is defined and analyzed in most sources in the context of the three tasks mentioned above. However, it is also seen that the infinitive assumes duties other than these three uses in the sequences where the āmil's elision is obligatory in mafʿūl mutlaq. For this reason, these sequences in which the infinitive is substituted for the verb are considered as a separate category and are accepted as a fourth part in addition to the three well-known functions of mafʿūl mutlaq. The purpose of the use of mafʿūl mutlaq as a substitute for the verb mahzūf is different from the other three uses. The aim of this study is to examine the issue of the omitting of the verb, which includes this use of mafʿūl mutlaq, and to determine the justifications for these uses. Document analysis method is used in the study. Since the study is limited only to the uses of mefʿūl mutlaq with the āmil omitted, other issues related to mafʿūl mutlaq are not elaborated. Only general information about the mafʿūl mutlaq is given as a preliminary preparation for the subject. This study does not examine the subject in depth, but mainly focuses on the semantic and structural reasons that cause ḥadhf in these constructions, and thus differs from previous studies in this respect. Ḥadhf is the omiting of a part of the word. There are possible, obligatory and impossible forms of ḥadhf of one of the sentence elements. Ḥadhf is not done randomly but for a number of semantic reasons. In this study, the semantic justifications of hazif are also examined. In this way, many reasons of ḥadhf such as shortening the word, attracting attention, glorification of what is omitted, being known due to multiple use, the need to downplay or conceal, avoiding the unnecessary, etc. are evaluated in the context of the study. When the subject of ḥadhf is evaluated in the context of the relationship between the āmil and maʿmūl, this study is carried out within the framework of the omiting āmil. Mafʿūl mutlaq is a maʿmūl. The āmil of mafʿūl mutlaq is usually a verb, and this verb shares the same root letters with the infinitive. The distinctive element regarding the use of the infinitive in the sentence is that the infinitive reinforces the verb or is used instead of the verb. It is not possible for the infinitive to fulfill both of these functions in one statement. The infinitive must be present in the sentence when it reinforces the verb. In cases where it is used as a substitute for the verb in addition to this task, a number of different meanings emerge, which are discussed in detail in this study.In cases where the elision of the verb in the mafʿūl mutlaq is obligatory, two types of sequences emerge. The more common of these two sequences is the one in which the word begins directly with a mansūb infinitive. In some other sequences, the statement that begins with an infinitive follows a previous judgment. Some of the expressions that begin with a direct infinitive have become widespread and stereotyped due to their widespread use. Some of them are expressions of command, prohibition, prohibition, and resignation. When the reason for the omission of the verb in these types of expressions is analyzed, it is understood that it is for the purpose of giving the expression a meaning other than reinforcing the verb, which is the basic meaning of mafʿūl mutlaq. The sequences in which the statement that begins with an infinitive follows a preceding judgment are those that begin with a mansūb infinitive for purposes such as reinforcement, explanation, or simile. It can be stated that the main feature of these sequences, in which the verb must be omitted, is to reinforce the previous expression. As a matter of fact, the reinforcing meaning of mafʿūl mutlaq, whose main purpose is reinforcement, emerges in sequences where it is mentioned after the verb with the same meaning.