Sentetik Kompost Hazırlığında Ham Materyale Değişik Aktivatör Maddeler ve İki Değişik Doz Uygulamasının Mantar Verim, Kalite ve Erkenciliğe Etkisi Üzerinde Araştırmalar
Mushroom Yield, Quality and Earliness as Affected by Different Activators and Their Two Doses Added to Raw Material in the Preparation of Synthetic Compost
Yazar: Işık, Sırrı Erol; Bayraktar, Kazım
Dergi: Bahçe, Vol. 10 No. 1, 1981
Anahtar kelimeler: Agricultural Engineering (Other) ; Ziraat Mühendisliği (Diğer) ; Sentetik Kompost,Mantar,Verim ve kalite ; Synthetic Compost,Mushroom,Quality and Earliness

Yemeklik mantar üretiminde taze at gübresiyle hazırlanan kompost yerine sentetik kompost kullanılabilmesi için kompost yapımına en uygun aktivatör maddeleri belirlemek amacıyla ülkemizde temini kolayca mümkün olan tavuk, koyun, sığır gübreleri ile zeytin pirinası ve buğday kepeği gibi 5 değişik aktivatör maddenin iki değişik dozu (250 kg buğday samanına 60 kg ve 120 kg kuru madde verebilecek dozlar) incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada buğday samanı ham materyal olarak kullanılmış ve kompost ham materyalinin azot düzeyini en uygun oran olarak saptanan, kuru madde esasına göre %2 oranına yükseltmek için azot kaynaklarıyla ilgili çalışmalarda en iyi sonucu elde ettiğimiz amonyum nitrat-üre ticari gübreleri (saf N miktarlarına göre) eşit miktarlarda ilave edilmiştir [16]. 1975 yılında 3 ayrı devrede yürütülen denemelerde en yüksek verim, 250 kg buğday samanına 60 kg kuru madde ilave edecek miktarda buğday kepeği ile takviye edilmesiyle elde edilmiştir. Bunu 120 kg kuru madde ilave edecek miktardaki buğday kepeği ilavesi izlemiştir. Buğday kepeğini izleyen en uygun aktivatör maddenin ise her 3 denemede de kompost ham materyaline 60 kg kuru madde verebilecek miktardaki zeytin pirinası ilavesi olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

This work was carried out in attempt to find out the preparation formulas of synthetic compost to be used as a substitute for horse manure under conditions familiar to Turkey. The experiments were conducted at the mushroom research facilities of the Yalova Horticultural Research Institute during three different periods of 1975. In studies of different activators and their two doses, wheat straw was used as raw material. Two doses of five different activators such as chicken manure, steer manure, sheep manure, a by-product of the olive oil factory, wheat bran which are all being easily obtained in our country were tried. The doses were 60-120 kg dry matter adding rates for 250 kg wheat straw. In the experiments, 10 kg of molasses and 15 kg gypsum were supplied for 250 kg of wheat straw for each treatment. The nitrogen content of staring mixture was brought to 2% by adding of ammonium nitrate and urea in equalized amount as nitrogen value. 80 kg compost was used for each plot of 1 m² and the strain of Hauser was spawned at a rate 500 g per m². The compost was cased with a 4 cm layer of peat adjusted to pH 7.5, The randomized block design with 4 replications in the experiments was used. In the experiments performed during three different periods of 1975, the highest yield was obtained with the amount of 60 kg dry matter that can be supplied by wheat bran for 250 kg of wheat straw. This increase obtained in the yield was found to be statistically highly significant (1%) in all three experiments. It has been understood that another proper activator following wheat bran was 60 kg dry matter dose of olive factory by product fall into third group in all three of experiments according to the least significant difference test at 5% level concerning the yield. On the other hand, the yield obtained by the 60 kg dry matter dose of each of all activators in higher than the yield obtained by 120 kg dry matter dose of the same activator. This means that 60 kg dry matter dose of all activators will be adequate and application of 120 kg dry matter dose of any one of all activators will not be necessary at all. According to the results from the experiments it was concluded that using chicken manure is not certainly necessary. More satisfactory results can be obtained when wheat bran and olive oil factory by- product were used as an activator than chicken manure. Even more, the steer manure yielded equal amount of produce as did the chicken manure. The effects of different activators and their two doses to earliness during the first 30 of 50-day harvesting period were found to be highly significant (1%) in all three experiments. Application of wheat bran which could give 60 kg of dry matter for 250 kg of wheat straw resulted in highest yield in 10-day harvesting period in three experiments.