SİVAS-ULAŞ DEVLET ÜRETME ÇİFTLİĞİNDE RÜZGAR EROZYONU SONUCU MEYDANA GELEN TOPRAK KAYIPLARI İLE TOPRAKLARIN BAZI FİZİKSEL VE KİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR
SİVAS-ULAŞ DEVLET ÜRETME ÇİFTLİĞİNDE RÜZGAR EROZYONU SONUCU MEYDANA GELEN TOPRAK KAYIPLARI İLE TOPRAKLARIN BAZI FİZİKSEL VE KİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİLER ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR
Yazar: Çelebi, Hayati
Dergi: Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 3, 2010

ÖZETAraştırma sahasmda topraklar genellikle ince bünyeli olup,suda dispers okıbilen 20 mikrondan küçük zerreler miktarı %4,44-26,62; suya dayanıkll.20 mikrondan küçük agregatlar miktarı% 24,77-87,65; 420 mikrondan küçük kuru zerreler miktarı %1,9-26,2; 840 mikrondan küçük zerreler miktarı % 4,7-38,5; 840mikrondan büyük zerreler miktarı % 61,5-95,3; kireç miktarları% 2,11-34,15; organik madde miktarları % 1,65-3,15; mekaniks~lstabilite değerleri % 82,43-99,02; ekivalan çap değerleri 0,34..0,46mm. ve dekara toprak kayıpları 2,130-50,150 kg. arasındadır.Toprak kayıpları ile mekaniksel stabilite, ekivalan çap değerleri,silt fraksiyonu, 420 mikrondan küçük kuru zerreler, 840 mikrondanküçük kuru zerreler, 840 mikrondan büyük kuru zerreler, 20 mikrondanküçük suda diJpers olabilen zerreler ve 20 mikrondan küçüksuya dayanıklı agregat/ar arasında sırayfa -0,575,-0,427-0,462,0,856,0,845,-0,798, 0,613 ve -0,490 korelasyon katsayıları bulunmuştur.lNVESTIGATIONS ON THE RELAIlONSHlPS BETWEEN THE SOILLOSSES lNDUCED BY WlND EROSION AND SOME PHYSICAL ANDCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS OF THE ULAŞ STATE FARMAT SİVAS PROVlNCE, TURKEYI. This investigation has beendone to find out the relationships betweenthe soil losess induced by winderosion and some physical and chemicalproperties of the soils of UlaşState Farm at Sivas Province, Turkey.Such an investigation wiU be muchimportant and useful in terms of theconservation planning of the farın andsoil managemenL'2. The area investigated, wherehas ben has been set up on the large areain the southem part of Sivas Province, isabout 18,062 acres and 4.617 feet highfrom the sea leveL.3. To characterize the physicaland chemical properties of the soils;texture, less than 20 microns of thepartides dispersed in water, less than20 microns of the water-stable aggregates,dry site distribution (with Rotarysieve), bulk density of the drypracticles less' than 840 microns, Iimecontent and organic matter were an1yzed.in addition, the amount of soillosses in pound per acre, the percentagesof mechanical stability and the valuesof equivalent diameter in millimeteı,have been calculated by means of theformulas mentioned before.4. According to the results of mechanicalanalysis; these soils are generaUyfine in texture, and contain 20.4956,83% day, 16.19-47.48 % silt and3.6-50,75 % sand.5. -The amount of less than 20microns of the partides 'dispersed inwater is between 4.44% and 26.62 %'The amount of water-stable aggregatesless than 20 microns is between 24.77%and 87.65 %'6. According to the dry size distributionwith Rotary sieve developed byehepil; the. amount of aggregates lessthan 420 microns, the aggregates ofless than 840 microns and the aggregatesgreater than 840 microns have beendetermined 1.9-26.2%, 4.7-38.50 %and 61.5 - 95.3 %, respectively.These soils contain a Httle amountof aggregates less than 840microns, and are resistant to movementby wind, because these have the pe~centagesof the aggregates greater than840 microns at the ratio of 2:3 of thesoil (by weight).7. The values of bulk density ofthe erodible aggregates change from1.09 gr./cm 3 to 1.47 gr/cm 3&bull;8. The amount of the lime contentof the soils differ from 2.1 1% to 34.15%.This shows that these are limely.9. The values of organie matterof the soils are between 1.65. and 3.15%These are usually medium in humus.10. The values of the soil lossesvary from 0.241 pound/aere to 5.684pound/acre. The soil sample (No.6)has the highest loss. This indicates that31the soils are not' most intensively susceptibleto wind erosion.ll. The values of mechanical stabi.lity of the soils range from 82.43%to 99.02%. This shows that the Cıodsare more resistant to the effects ofwind.12. The values of the eqivalentdiameter of the soils are beteween 0.34mm. and 0.46 mm. With the exceptionof the soil sample (No. 6) which hasthe highest lass, this value is usuallygreater than the value, 0.1 mm. Consequently;the soils are re~istant towind erosion.13. Between the &middot;soil losses and thevalues of thl'<. mechanical stability, anegative signific,ant correlatian coefficient(1+ -0,575) at the level of i percent has been calculated. This indicatesthat the losses by wind erosian willdecrease, as the values of the mechanical~tabiIity will increase.14. A nagative significant carrela&middot;tion coefficient (r= -0,427) at thelevel of 5 per cent has been found betweenthe soil lasses and the values ofof eqivalent diameter. Therefore, asthese values increase, soil losses willdecrease.15. A negatiye significant carrelatiancoefficient (r+ = -0,462) at theJeyel of 5' per cent has been calculatedbetween the soillosses and silt fraction.This shows that the loseses will deerease,as the amount of silt increases. No significantcarrelatian between the soillosses and the fraetions of dayandsand.16. Between' the soil losses andthe percentages of dry soil aggregatesless than 420 microns, a positive significantcarrelatian coefficient (r=+0,856) at the Jevel of i per cent hasbeen &middot;obtained. This shows that the losseswi11 increase, as these values increase.17, Between the soil losses and thepercentages of dry soiI aggregates les:,:than 840 microns, a positive significantcarrelatian coefficient (r=+0.845) atthe level of i per cent has been calcu-.Iated. This shows that the soil losseswill increase, as these values increase.18. There is a negative significantcarrelatian coefficient (r= ~0.798) atthe level of i per cent 'between thesoil losses and the percentages of drysoil aggregates greater than 840 microns.This indicates that the'losseswill decrease, as these values increase19. A positive signifieent correlatiancoefficient (r=-;-0.613) at thelevel of i per cent has been found 'betweenthe soil losses and the pereentagesof less than 20 microns ofd;spersed in water. 1h1s shows that thelasse",wİ!l incı ease, as these- vahıesincrease.20. Between the soi! losses and thepereentages of water-stable partidesJess than 20 microns, a negative significantcarrelatian coeffjcient (r = &middot;--0.490)at the level of 1 per cent, has been calculated.Therefore, as these yalues increase,the. losses will deerease.21. There is no significant eorrelationcoefficient between the soillosses and the .lime content. That isthe reason that these have a fine tex&middot;tured soils and a great dea) of silt fı actioos.Therefore, lime has a Iittle effecton the mechanical stabiIity of thesesoils.22. Between the soil losses andthe percentages of organic matter, thereis not any carrelatian. For these soilsare general1y medium in humus, thismatter has an influance on the increa~ingof mechanical stability.23. As a result, since the percentagesof mechanical stabiIity, the values ofeqivalent diameter and the amountof nonerodible fractions (> 840 microns)are high, and since the amount oferodible fractrons &laquo;840 miqons) andmuch erodible fractions &laquo;420 microns)are less; these soils inveEtiga.tedare much resistant to the mavementby wind. On the other hand,less amount of the soil losses showsthat wind erosian at this area is notmuch important problem now. But,from nowon, same impartant me~sureson the farm must be taken, in orderto prevent the erosian probIems in thefature. For example, the system ofwind strip cropping must be taken intoconsideration; the strips should beplanned perpendicularly to the dlrectionof prevailing wind in regu1ar width.The proper crap rotation systemsincluding legumeı should be appIicatedon the strips. Fields should be plowedin clods without turning over the soiIas possible as after critical period(Apri]) and ıain. At the arrangementof the strips, the roads between thepIots should be corrected so that theseare perpencıicularly to the wind directian.NormalIy, crop residues mustbe left on the surface of the fields.Where wind erosian is a severe problem,it is necessary to add extra cropresidııes to the fields. Alsa, anatherimportant thing is the fact that thefileds should not be left for fallow ina whole. In fact, the fallows should bethonght in strips applying crop rotation.During the critical period which winderosion occurs severly, cover crops mustbe taken into account to pro"tect thesurface of the soil on the farın.If the above-mentioned practicesshould be taken, wind erosion will becontroled perfectly, and conscquently,it wiU be possible to produce cropsin blalance without causing erosionat the are~ investigated.

ÖZETAraştırma sahasmda topraklar genellikle ince bünyeli olup,suda dispers okıbilen 20 mikrondan küçük zerreler miktarı %4,44-26,62; suya dayanıkll.20 mikrondan küçük agregatlar miktarı% 24,77-87,65; 420 mikrondan küçük kuru zerreler miktarı %1,9-26,2; 840 mikrondan küçük zerreler miktarı % 4,7-38,5; 840mikrondan büyük zerreler miktarı % 61,5-95,3; kireç miktarları% 2,11-34,15; organik madde miktarları % 1,65-3,15; mekaniks~lstabilite değerleri % 82,43-99,02; ekivalan çap değerleri 0,34..0,46mm. ve dekara toprak kayıpları 2,130-50,150 kg. arasındadır.Toprak kayıpları ile mekaniksel stabilite, ekivalan çap değerleri,silt fraksiyonu, 420 mikrondan küçük kuru zerreler, 840 mikrondanküçük kuru zerreler, 840 mikrondan büyük kuru zerreler, 20 mikrondanküçük suda diJpers olabilen zerreler ve 20 mikrondan küçüksuya dayanıklı agregat/ar arasında sırayfa -0,575,-0,427-0,462,0,856,0,845,-0,798, 0,613 ve -0,490 korelasyon katsayıları bulunmuştur.lNVESTIGATIONS ON THE RELAIlONSHlPS BETWEEN THE SOILLOSSES lNDUCED BY WlND EROSION AND SOME PHYSICAL ANDCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE SOILS OF THE ULAŞ STATE FARMAT SİVAS PROVlNCE, TURKEYI. This investigation has beendone to find out the relationships betweenthe soil losess induced by winderosion and some physical and chemicalproperties of the soils of UlaşState Farm at Sivas Province, Turkey.Such an investigation wiU be muchimportant and useful in terms of theconservation planning of the farın andsoil managemenL'2. The area investigated, wherehas ben has been set up on the large areain the southem part of Sivas Province, isabout 18,062 acres and 4.617 feet highfrom the sea leveL.3. To characterize the physicaland chemical properties of the soils;texture, less than 20 microns of thepartides dispersed in water, less than20 microns of the water-stable aggregates,dry site distribution (with Rotarysieve), bulk density of the drypracticles less' than 840 microns, Iimecontent and organic matter were an1yzed.in addition, the amount of soillosses in pound per acre, the percentagesof mechanical stability and the valuesof equivalent diameter in millimeteı,have been calculated by means of theformulas mentioned before.4. According to the results of mechanicalanalysis; these soils are generaUyfine in texture, and contain 20.4956,83% day, 16.19-47.48 % silt and3.6-50,75 % sand.5. -The amount of less than 20microns of the partides 'dispersed inwater is between 4.44% and 26.62 %'The amount of water-stable aggregatesless than 20 microns is between 24.77%and 87.65 %'6. According to the dry size distributionwith Rotary sieve developed byehepil; the. amount of aggregates lessthan 420 microns, the aggregates ofless than 840 microns and the aggregatesgreater than 840 microns have beendetermined 1.9-26.2%, 4.7-38.50 %and 61.5 - 95.3 %, respectively.These soils contain a Httle amountof aggregates less than 840microns, and are resistant to movementby wind, because these have the pe~centagesof the aggregates greater than840 microns at the ratio of 2:3 of thesoil (by weight).7. The values of bulk density ofthe erodible aggregates change from1.09 gr./cm 3 to 1.47 gr/cm 3&bull;8. The amount of the lime contentof the soils differ from 2.1 1% to 34.15%.This shows that these are limely.9. The values of organie matterof the soils are between 1.65. and 3.15%These are usually medium in humus.10. The values of the soil lossesvary from 0.241 pound/aere to 5.684pound/acre. The soil sample (No.6)has the highest loss. This indicates that31the soils are not' most intensively susceptibleto wind erosion.ll. The values of mechanical stabi.lity of the soils range from 82.43%to 99.02%. This shows that the Cıodsare more resistant to the effects ofwind.12. The values of the eqivalentdiameter of the soils are beteween 0.34mm. and 0.46 mm. With the exceptionof the soil sample (No. 6) which hasthe highest lass, this value is usuallygreater than the value, 0.1 mm. Consequently;the soils are re~istant towind erosion.13. Between the &middot;soil losses and thevalues of thl'<. mechanical stability, anegative signific,ant correlatian coefficient(1+ -0,575) at the level of i percent has been calculated. This indicatesthat the losses by wind erosian willdecrease, as the values of the mechanical~tabiIity will increase.14. A nagative significant carrela&middot;tion coefficient (r= -0,427) at thelevel of 5 per cent has been found betweenthe soil lasses and the values ofof eqivalent diameter. Therefore, asthese values increase, soil losses willdecrease.15. A negatiye significant carrelatiancoefficient (r+ = -0,462) at theJeyel of 5' per cent has been calculatedbetween the soillosses and silt fraction.This shows that the loseses will deerease,as the amount of silt increases. No significantcarrelatian between the soillosses and the fraetions of dayandsand.16. Between' the soil losses andthe percentages of dry soil aggregatesless than 420 microns, a positive significantcarrelatian coefficient (r=+0,856) at the Jevel of i per cent hasbeen &middot;obtained. This shows that the losseswi11 increase, as these values increase.17, Between the soil losses and thepercentages of dry soiI aggregates les:,:than 840 microns, a positive significantcarrelatian coefficient (r=+0.845) atthe level of i per cent has been calcu-.Iated. This shows that the soil losseswill increase, as these values increase.18. There is a negative significantcarrelatian coefficient (r= ~0.798) atthe level of i per cent 'between thesoil losses and the percentages of drysoil aggregates greater than 840 microns.This indicates that the'losseswill decrease, as these values increase19. A positive signifieent correlatiancoefficient (r=-;-0.613) at thelevel of i per cent has been found 'betweenthe soil losses and the pereentagesof less than 20 microns ofd;spersed in water. 1h1s shows that thelasse",wİ!l incı ease, as these- vahıesincrease.20. Between the soi! losses and thepereentages of water-stable partidesJess than 20 microns, a negative significantcarrelatian coeffjcient (r = &middot;--0.490)at the level of 1 per cent, has been calculated.Therefore, as these yalues increase,the. losses will deerease.21. There is no significant eorrelationcoefficient between the soillosses and the .lime content. That isthe reason that these have a fine tex&middot;tured soils and a great dea) of silt fı actioos.Therefore, lime has a Iittle effecton the mechanical stabiIity of thesesoils.22. Between the soil losses andthe percentages of organic matter, thereis not any carrelatian. For these soilsare general1y medium in humus, thismatter has an influance on the increa~ingof mechanical stability.23. As a result, since the percentagesof mechanical stabiIity, the values ofeqivalent diameter and the amountof nonerodible fractions (> 840 microns)are high, and since the amount oferodible fractrons &laquo;840 miqons) andmuch erodible fractions &laquo;420 microns)are less; these soils inveEtiga.tedare much resistant to the mavementby wind. On the other hand,less amount of the soil losses showsthat wind erosian at this area is notmuch important problem now. But,from nowon, same impartant me~sureson the farm must be taken, in orderto prevent the erosian probIems in thefature. For example, the system ofwind strip cropping must be taken intoconsideration; the strips should beplanned perpendicularly to the dlrectionof prevailing wind in regu1ar width.The proper crap rotation systemsincluding legumeı should be appIicatedon the strips. Fields should be plowedin clods without turning over the soiIas possible as after critical period(Apri]) and ıain. At the arrangementof the strips, the roads between thepIots should be corrected so that theseare perpencıicularly to the wind directian.NormalIy, crop residues mustbe left on the surface of the fields.Where wind erosian is a severe problem,it is necessary to add extra cropresidııes to the fields. Alsa, anatherimportant thing is the fact that thefileds should not be left for fallow ina whole. In fact, the fallows should bethonght in strips applying crop rotation.During the critical period which winderosion occurs severly, cover crops mustbe taken into account to pro"tect thesurface of the soil on the farın.If the above-mentioned practicesshould be taken, wind erosion will becontroled perfectly, and conscquently,it wiU be possible to produce cropsin blalance without causing erosionat the are~ investigated.