Nitel Araştırmalarda Görüşme Tekniği ve Yapay Zekânın Katılımcı Rolü: Gençlik ve Farklı İnanç Eğilimleri Araştırması
A Guide to the Preparation and Use of Interview Techniques in Qualitative Research and the Place of Artificial Intelligence in the method (Example of Research on Youth and Different Belief Tendencies)
Yazar: İnce, Abdullah; Erultunca, Tuğba; Vidinlioğlu Berber, Saliha; Temiz, Yunus Emre; Çinici, Murat
Dergi: Bilimname No. 53, 2024
Anahtar kelimeler: Sociology of Religion ; Din Sosyolojisi ; Sociology of Religion,Qualitative Research,Interview Technique,Belief Tendencies,Artificial Intelligence ; Din Sosyolojisi,Nitel Araştırma,Görüşme Tekniği,İnanma Eğilimleri,Yapay Zeka

Bu çalışma, üniversite gençlerinin inanç ve inançsızlık eğilimlerini anlamaya yönelik yürütülen nitel bir araştırmada, görüşme tekniğinin nasıl uygulandığını ve bu sürece yapay zekânın (ChatGPT) görüşmeci olarak nasıl dâhil edilebileceğini incelemektedir. Araştırmanın amacı, nitel veri toplama sürecinde kullanılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme sorularının oluşturulması, pilot görüşmelerin uygulanması ve aynı soruların yapay zekâya yöneltilmesiyle elde edilen verilerin karşılaştırılması yoluyla sahada yaşanan deneyimlerin ve yöntemsel kararların nasıl şekillendiğini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada öncelikle farklı inanç ve inançsızlık eğilimlerine dair kısaca bilgi verildikten sonra literatürde benzer örneklem grubu ile yürütülmüş çalışmaların yöntemsel analizine yer verilmiştir. Ardından yürütülen araştırmada ateizm, agnostisizm ve deizme dair hazırlanan nitel görüşme sorularının seçimi, sorularla ilgili faydalanılan uzman görüşleri, soruların pilot gruba uygulanması sonucunda elde edilen veriler ile günümüzde kullanım alanları artan ve çeşitlenen yapay zeka araçlarının (ChatGPT) katılımcı olarak kullanılmasıyla elde edilen verilerin karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Çalışma görüşme tekniğinin teorik çerçevesi ile saha deneyimlerinin örtüşme durumunu araştırmaktadır. Ayrıca yapay zekânın nitel görüşmelerde sağlayabileceği avantajlara dikkat çekilmiş aynı zamanda bu teknolojilerin kullanımın yol açabileceği sorunlar ve eksikliklere de yer verilmiştir. Bu araştırmada, odağa alınan örnek çalışmanın izlediği nitel adımlar araştırmacının saha deneyimleri ile sunulmaktadır. Yine bu araştırma, giderek akademik çalışmalarda farklı amaçlarla kullanılan yapay zekânın katılımcı rolünün araştırma sürecine nasıl dâhil olduğuna yönelik değerlendirmeleri içeren “örnek” araştırmalardan biri olmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu yönüyle çalışma, özellikle genç araştırmacılar için yöntemsel bir rehber niteliği taşımakta ve yapay zekânın nitel araştırmalarda katılımcı olarak kullanılabilirliğine dair özgün katkılar sunmaktadır.

This research aims to evaluate the interview technique, which is widely used in qualitative research, both in terms of its application steps and the difficulties encountered during its use, through the researcher's experiences. In addition, focuses on the usability of Artificial Intelligence technologies as a participant, which are widely used in research despite being the subject of intense debate and criticism today. Qualitative interviews, defined as a process of interaction and dialogue between the researcher and the interviewees, can provide detailed and in-depth answers beyond the explanation of the research questions within the framework of cause-and-effect relationships. This study discusses the process of constructing interview questions used in a qualitative study of belief and disbelief among university students. While the tendencies of disbelief among young people appear as agnosticism and atheism, the existence of young people who choose deism, which is one of the tendencies of belief, is also striking. The content of the study consists of the selection of questions prepared on atheism, agnosticism, and deism, the expert opinions used on the questions, the data obtained as a result of applying the questions to the pilot group, and, finally, the comparison of the answers obtained by applying the selected questions to artificial intelligence. This comparison was made to assess the potential impact of the questions on individuals with different belief tendencies and to observe the diversity of responses. The first part of the study examined the methodology of studies in the existing literature on belief tendencies. The focus was on issues such as question writing, question selection, word usage, and question order. The second part involved the writing and selection of semi-structured interview questions. The issues emphasized in this and subsequent stages are presented through the researcher's experience. In this context, questions related to atheism, deism, and agnosticism were written based on the existing literature on belief tendencies, and the process of creating interview questions was discussed, taking into consideration issues such as the selection of written questions, word choice, and which word would be more appropriate. In the process of writing and selecting the questions for the study, expert opinion was also used and an attempt was made to create the right phrase by exchanging ideas about the interview questions with both atheist and deist people. The third part of the study is the part where the expert opinions are taken into account and the questions are reformulated with these opinions. In addition to the methodological work of writing and selecting the questions, this part of the study includes the application of the questions to a pilot group and the artificial intelligence used as an interviewer, and the evaluation of the written questions. In the fourth section, the pilot application of the questions, the steps taken by the interviewer in asking the questions, the problems encountered, and his opinion on which questions worked and which did not, were examined. As a result of the pilot, the questions were re-examined, word choices were adjusted, questions were added, and removed, the order of questions was changed and the interview questions were rearranged. In the final part of the study, the existing questions were submitted to artificial intelligence. The aim is to evaluate the effect of the selected questions on people with different belief tendencies and to observe the diversity of responses by having the AI answer questions such as an atheist, an agnostic, and a deist person. Another notable aspect of the study is the examination of how artificial intelligence works in answering qualitative interview questions. Considering the potential contributions and limitations that artificial intelligence can provide in this type of qualitative research, an assessment of whether these technologies will replace human participants in the future offers important clues about the future of technology and human interaction. The ultimate aim is to contribute to a concrete description of "what happens in the field" when all that has been written, recommended, and criticized about the method is brought together with real field experience. At the outset, it should be made clear that the aim is not to provide a 'recipe book' for the use of the interview technique. Given the flexible nature of qualitative research, the ultimate aim of this study is to show that field experiences, which are often not clearly expressed, included, or excluded in the research field, are inherent in the steps of the preferred technique and to be one of the road maps illustrated with researcher experiences, especially for young researchers. In addition, the study offers original contributions to the use of artificial intelligence as an interviewer in qualitative research.