İzmir Milli Kütüphane Binasının Tarihi Çini Panolarının Belgelenmesi ve Koruma Önerisi
Conservation Proposals and Documentation of Historical Tiles in İzmir National Library Building
Yazar: Kantarcı, Deniz; Işıkhan, Serap
Dergi: İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, Vol. 14 No. 29, 2024
Anahtar kelimeler: Plastic Arts (Other) ; Plastik Sanatlar (Diğer) ; Cumhuriyet Dönemi Yapıları,Milli Kütüphane,Belgeleme,Çini Koruma ; Republican Era Buildings,National Library,Documentation,Tile

Türkiye'de Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık Akımı'nın etkisi altında gelişen modern yapıların belgelenmesinde, İzmir kent dokusunda bu döneme ait özgün yapılar ön plana çıkmaktadır. Özellikle Cumhuriyet döneminin başlarında, İzmir gibi şehirlerde mimari alanda yaşanan dönüşüm, neoklasik ve eklektik unsurların harmanlandığı benzersiz yapıların ortaya çıkmasına zemin hazırlamıştır. Bu çalışmanın merkezine aldığı İzmir Milli Kütüphanesi, söz konusu dönemin mimari eğilimlerini yansıtan ve şehrin kültürel yaşamında önemli bir yere sahip olan tarihi bir yapı olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Çalışmada, Milli Kütüphane’nin tarihsel bağlamını ve mimari özelliklerini kapsamlı bir şekilde inceleyerek, yapının kültürel ve sanatsal mirasının belgelenmesine katkıda bulunmak amaçlamaktadır. Ayrıca çalışmanın odak konusu olan yapının dış cephesinde yer alan çini süslemelerinin tarihçesi araştırılarak durum tespitleri ortaya konulmuştur. Çinilerin belgelenmesine yönelik fotoğraf ve çizimlerle yapının hasar tespit planları da yapılarak koruma önerisi sunulmuştur.

Documentation of modern buildings developed under the influence of the First National Architecture Movement in Turkey has highlighted the original structures from this period in the urban fabric of İzmir. The architectural developments of this era manifested particularly through the architectural transformations seen in cities like İzmir during the early years of the Republic. During this period, unique structures blending neoclassical and eclectic elements emerged, significantly contributing to the urban fabric. The focus of this study is the İzmir National Library building. This structure stands out as an important historical monument bearing the influences of the First National Architecture Movement and reflecting the architectural trends of the Republican era. The İzmir National Library holds a significant place in the city's cultural life and is noted as one of the most prominent buildings reflecting the architectural trends of this period. The construction and development of the library provide important clues for understanding the architectural trends of the time. The construction of the İzmir National Library Building began in 1912 and was completed in 1926. The building is located in the Konak district of İzmir, at a central point in the city. This location has enabled the library to contribute to the city's intellectual and cultural life. The architectural design of the building, created by architect Tahsin Sermet Bey, features a style that harmonizes neoclassical and eclectic elements. This style reflects the architectural trends and aesthetic understanding of the period.Another significant focus of the study is the examination of the tile decorations on the exterior facade of the İzmir National Library Building. These decorations are one of most significant elements that enhance the aesthetic value of the building and reflect the artistic trends of the period. By researching the history of the tile decorations, it has been determined how these decorations were integrated into the building and with which artistic and technical methods they were created. The motifs on the tiles have rich details that reflect the artistic understanding and aesthetic tastes of the period. Additionally, a detailed condition analysis has been conducted to determine the current state of the tiles. This analysis aims to identify the necessary steps for the preservation and restoration of the tiles. The tiles of the library are of great importance both aesthetically and historically. However, over time, due to environmental factors and lack of maintenance, these tiles have deteriorated. Identifying and documenting these deteriorations forms the basis of the preservation efforts. Damage assessment plans supported by photographs and drawings have been prepared to document the condition of the tile decorations on the exterior facade of the building. Documenting the current state of the tiles forms the foundation of preservation efforts and helps determine the steps to be followed during the restoration process. Problems such as detachment of the tiles, glaze flaking, and surface contamination highlight the need for urgent interventions to preserve these valuable decorations. In this context, restoration works should be carried out by adhering to the original states of the tiles, and the most appropriate materials and techniques should be used during this process. The selection of materials and methods to be used in the restoration process is crucial to ensure the longevity of the tiles. The recommendations for the preservation of the İzmir National Library Building tiles aim to ensure the long-term protection and maintenance of the building's aesthetic value. Interventions aimed at improving the current condition of the tiles should be carried out by adhering to the original design and material characteristics. Thus, the historical and artistic value of the building will be preserved and passed on to future generations. Furthermore, the tiles that complement the building are tiles from a specific period and carry historical value. In the first half of the 20th century, despite the economic difficulties caused by World War I and the War of Independence, Kütahya ceramics struggled to survive with small and large workshops (Çini, 1991: 19). With the modernization movements that started in our country after the proclamation of the Republic, not only was the country renewed, but the closure of Kütahya Tile workshops was also prevented through the tile decorations in these buildings. As a result, Kütahya ceramics revived in the 20th century and have continued to this day.