Çanakkale Cephesinde Türk Ordusunun Menzil Teşkilatı ve Askeri Ulaştırma Hizmetleri
Çanakkale Cephesinde Türk Ordusunun Menzil Teşkilatı ve Askeri Ulaştırma Hizmetleri
Yazar: Şahin, Mustafa
Dergi: Çanakkale Araştırmaları Türk Yıllığı, Vol. 13 No. 18, 2015
Anahtar kelimeler: Dardanel, Logistics, Support Unit System, Supply, Transportation ; Çanakkale, Lojistik, Menzil, İkmal, Ulaştırma

Çanakkale Muharebelerinde Türk tarafının başarıya ulaşmasındaki önemli faktörlerin başında Menzil teşkilatı ve askeri nakliye (ulaştırma) hizmetleri gelmektedir. Askeri lojistik ihtiyaçları deruhte etmek maksadıyla 25 Mart 1915 sonrasında 5’inci Ordu Komutanlığı emrinde 5’inci Menzil Müfettişliği (Kumandanlığı) kurulmuştur. İkmal maddeleri, düşman deniz topçusunun etki sahasından uzakta cephe gerisindeki depolara nakledilmiş, buradan siperlere kadar ulaştırılması prensibi üzerinde durulmuştur. İstanbul’dan deniz yoluyla ya da demiryolu ile taşınan ikmal maddeleri Biga’da kurulan ambarlarda depolanmıştır. Buradan mavnalar ve küçük deniz vasıtaları ile ikmal maddelerinin taşınmasına öncelik verilmiştir. Suyolunun kesintiye uğraması durumunda ise Menzil Komutanlığınca öküz, deve ve mekkâre kolları ile ikmal maddeleri intikali yapılmıştır.Anafartalar ve Arıburnu bölgesindeki birliklerin ikmali için Bigalı’nın kuzeyinde, Seddülbahir bölgesindeki birliklerin ikmali için Soğanlıdere bölgesinde Grup Komutanlıkları depoları kurulmuş, buralardan lojistik destek sağlanmıştır.İkmal maddelerinin nakliyatında “birliğe kadar götürme” usulü tercih edilmiştir. Menzil Komutanlığı emrindeki nakliye birliklerinin en önemli problemleri; muharebelerin şiddetlendiği dönemlerde istirahat edememe, nakliye hayvanlarının zayıflığı, nakliye motorlu araçlarının piston ve benzeri yedek parçalarının olmayışı, İngiliz ve Fransız uçaklarının bombalarından verilen zayiatlar olmuştur. Çanakkale Muharebelerinde, cephenin İstanbul’a yakınlığı, “Tekâlif-i Harbiye” ile ikmal maddelerinin yerinden temini ve Balkan harpleri gibi diğer muharebelerden alınan dersler sebebiyle ikmal maddesi nakliyatında önemli problemler yaşanmamıştır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı içerisinde lojistik sistemin en verimli biçimde işletildiği cephenin Çanakkale cephesi olduğu değerlendirilebilir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Çanakkale, Lojistik, Menzil, İkmal, Ulaştırma. At Çanakkale Front Turkish Army Support Unit Organisation and Military Transport Services AbstractCommand Support Staff Organization and Military Transport Services are among the important factors that lead to the success of Turkish side at Çanakkale Battles. After March 25, 1915  in order to undertake logistics needs, 5th Command Support Staff Inspectorate was established under the command of the 5th Army Command.Supply substances were transfered to the storage areas behind the front away from the effects of enemy naval artillery, and from there the principle was to deliver them to the trenches. Supply materials transported from İstanbul by sea or by rail were stored in warehouses established in Biga. From Biga, the priority was given to tranfering the materials by means of barges or small sea vehicles. In case of interruption of the waterway, Support command provided the transport of the supply materials by ox, camel and mekkare (rented beasts of burden) convoys.For the resupply of the troops at Anafartalar and Arıburnu area, Group command stores were established at the North of Bigalı, fort he resupply of the troops at Seddülbahir  area, Group Command stores were establihed and logistics support had been provided. Take up to the unit procedure was preferred  for the transport of supply materials. Most important problems of the units under the command of Command Support Staff:  inability to rest in the periods of intensified hostilities, the weakness of the shipping animals, absence of pistons and similar spare parts of motor transport vehicles, and casualities given by British and French bombardment planes.In the Battle of Çanakkale, no important problem was experienced in the transport of supply materials because of  the proximity of the front to İstanbul, providing the supply materials locally  by  “Tekâlif-i harbiye” (a kind of war tax) and lessons learned from Balkan wars. It can be assesed that In the First World War, logistics system was operated  most efficiently at Çanakkale Front.Keywords: Dardanel, Logistics, Support Unit System, Supply, Transportation.

Command Support Staff Organization and Military Transport Services are among the important factors that lead to the success of Turkish side at Çanakkale Battles. After March 25, 1915 in order to undertake logistics needs, 5th Command Support Staff Inspectorate was established under the command of the 5th Army Command.Supply substances were transfered to the storage areas behind the front away from the effects of enemy naval artillery, and from there the principle was to deliver them to the trenches. Supply materials transported from İstanbul by sea or by rail were stored in warehouses established in Biga. From Biga, the priority was given to tranfering the materials by means of barges or small sea vehicles. In case of interruption of the waterway, Support command provided the transport of the supply materials by ox, camel and mekkare (rented beasts of burden) convoys.For the resupply of the troops at Anafartalar and Arıburnu area, Group command stores were established at the North of Bigalı, fort he resupply of the troops at Seddülbahir area, Group Command stores were establihed and logistics support had been provided. Take up to the unit procedure was preferred for the transport of supply materials. Most important problems of the units under the command of Command Support Staff: inability to rest in the periods of intensified hostilities, the weakness of the shipping animals, absence of pistons and similar spare parts of motor transport vehicles, and casualities given by British and French bombardment planes.In the Battle of Çanakkale, no important problem was experienced in the transport of supply materials because of the proximity of the front to İstanbul, providing the supply materials locally by “Tekâlif-i harbiye” (a kind of war tax) and lessons learned from Balkan wars. It can be assesed that In the First World War, logistics system was operated most efficiently at Çanakkale Front