Diyanet hutbelerinin süre ve cümle uzunlukları bakımından incelenmesi
Presidency of religious affairs khutbhas in terms of their duration and sentence length
Yazar: Akkaya, Ümit Harun
Dergi: Bilimname, Vol. 2021 No. 44, 2021
Anahtar kelimeler: Sociology of Religion,Khutbah,Religious Communication,Religious Socialization,Presidency of Religious Affairs,Friday Prayer ; Din Sosyolojisi,Hutbe,Dini İletişim,Dini Sosyalleşme,Diyanet,Cuma Namazı

Dini bir ritüel olan hutbe; sadece uyarı, hatırlatma, bilgi verme veya aydınlatma vasıtası olmayıp ve fakat aynı zamanda bir dini sosyalleşme aracıdır. Dini sosyalleşme, farklı unsurlarla etkileşim halinde yaşanan bir süreç olup hayat boyu sürer. Müslüman birey de hayat boyu zorunlu olan Cuma ibadetine bağlı olarak hutbelerle muhataptır. Bu çalışma Cuma hutbelerinin süreleri, uzunlukları, kelime sayıları ve cümle uzunlukları üzerine odaklanmıştır. Hutbelerin dini iletişim olgusu ekseninde, mevcut yapısal özellikleri ile cemaate yönelik etkin bir “mesaj” olup olmadıkları tartışılmıştır. Farklı yaş gruplarındaki alıcı toplulukta (cemaatte) dini sosyalleşme süreçlerinin gerçekleşebilme potansiyeli irdelenmiştir. Öncelikle öncü çalışmalar incelenmiş, literatür taraması neticesinde elde edilen veriler kategorize edilerek yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma sürecinde 2014-2019 yılları arasında Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığınca hazırlanıp camilerde okutulan hutbelerden 30 tanesi tesadüfi örneklem yoluyla seçilmiştir. Seçilen hutbeler içerik analizi yöntemi ile detaylı bir bir şekilde incelenmiş ve hutbelerin süreleri ile cümle uzunlukları ortalama olarak tespit edilmiştir. Hutbelerde Türkçe bölümün ortalama sekiz dakika sürdüğü, Arapça ile beraber sürenin on üç dakikayı bulduğu görülmüştür. Sadece dinleme odaklı ve tek taraflı gerçekleşen bu dini iletişimin dinleyici gruptaki farklı yaş grupları da hesaba katıldığında dikkat süresini aştığı görülmüştür. Hutbelerdeki cümlelerin kelime sayıları analiz edilerek cümle uzunlukları saptanmıştır. Ortalamalar hesaplandığında, metinlerde %20 oranında uzun ve çok uzun cümlelerle karşılaşılmıştır. Bu durumun dinleme, algılama ve anlamlandırama süreçlerine etkisinin olumsuz yönde olacağı değerlendirilmiştir. Hutbelerde yeni genç kuşak “z” kuşağına ve dezavantajlı gruplara yönelik güncel unsurlar bulunup bulunmadığı da değerlendirilmiştir. Mevcut koşullarla hutbe metinlerinin dini sosyalleşme süreçlerinin ve dini iletişimin gerçekleşmesinde aksaklıklara neden olabildiği değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır.

From the first days of Islam until today, khutbahs have been an important means of addressing the Muslim community. Khutbahs have had many important functions such as informing, education, reminding, moral and behavior gaining. Khutbah, which has important effects both in religious, political and cultural terms, is also in an important position in the religious socialization process that lasts throughout the life of the individual. Khutbah, one of the formal conditions of the Friday prayer, is one of the most important religious rituals that take place within the mosque.In the current situation, the opportunity to reach millions of Muslims simultaneously with Friday khutbahs increases the importance of them even more. This results in many studies on khutbah. Although studies on khutbah are mostly in the field of theology, there are various studies in the fields of sociology, history and political science.Unlike previous studies, this study mainly focused on the duration, length, word count, sentence length of Friday khutbahs. It was examined whether the khutbahs were an effective “message” for the community with their existing structural features in the axis of religious communication fact. At the same time, the potential of the khutbahs to carry out religious socialization processes in the receiving community (congregation) of different age groups was discussed in the study.There have been various discussions over the years during the preparation and presentation of the khutbahs, which have such an important and high impact potential, to the community. In addition to these discussions, different practices and changes were experienced depending on the periods and conditions. Sometimes khutbahs were prepared by the Presidency of Religious Affairs of Turkey and sent to all country. Sometimes local factors are highlighted and the preparation processes are left to local elements. Recently, it is understood that khutbahs were prepared and published from a single center within the General Directorate of Religious Services.In the study, the data obtained as a result of the literature review were categorized and interpreted. Subsequently, 30 khutbahs, which were randomly selected among the khutbahs published between 2014-2019, were analyzed in detail using the content analysis technique. The point at the end of the sentence was taken as a basis when the texts were handled in terms of word number in order to obtain quantitative data, based on content analysis (qualitative data analysis). Again, in the sentence, the Arabic expressions sometimes included in the khutbahs were read, and the number of words was added to the number of words related. Khutbahs were examined word by word, and the results were written on the tables. It has been focused on duration in the khutbahs, and it was determined that the Arabic parts of the khutbahs could be read in 5 minutes and 9 seconds, while the Turkish parts could be read in an average of 7 minutes 57 seconds, and a total of 13 minutes and 6 seconds. In today's conditions, considering the obstacles related to working hours, age and advanced age, it is evaluated that the duration is longer than the attention span. As a result, the data obtained show that the texts of khutbahs are mostly long and can therefore be read in a long time. It is obvious that attention spans are getting shorter today, where more stimulants affect the individual than in the past, and the fast and intense lifestyle surrounds almost everyone in society. Moreover, it seems difficult to listen carefully to an entire text that is read without experiencing a motionless and extremely silent interactive process. Again, the concept of working conditions and overtime in modern city life is an element that constantly reminds itself in the corner of the mind for those who attend the Friday prayer. The effect of this element at the point of gathering the mind and its potential for distraction should not be overlooked.