Eski Anadolu Türkçesi Kur'an Tercümelerinde Esmâ-i Hüsnâ'yı Karşılayan Söz Varlığı
The Vocabulary Corresponding to Most Beautiful Names of God in The Translations of Qur'an in Old Anatolian Turkish Period
Yazar: Kuyma, Erol
Dergi: Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 18 No. 36, 2019
Anahtar kelimeler: Old Anatolian Turkish,Translations of Qur’an,Most beautiful names of God,Vocabulary,Word groups ; Esma-i Hüsnâ,Eski Anadolu Türkçesi,Kur’an Tercümeleri,Söz Varlı,Kelime Grupları

Eski Anadolu Türkçesi döneminde yazılmış satır altıKur’an tercümeleri, Türkçenin söz varlığı açısından zengin veri kaynaklarıdır.Temel amacı, Arapça bilmeyen halkın kendi dilinde Kur’an’ı okuyup anlamasınısağlamak olan bu çevirilerde, mütercimler hem konunun hassasiyeti gereği hem dehalkın kullandığı dili temsilen titiz davranmışlardır. Satır altlarında “birebir kelime çevirisi” şeklinde oluşturulan bu tercümeler, yazıldıkları dönemindil özelliklerini ortaya koyma bakımından önemli eserlerdir. Tercümeler, Arapçakarşısında Türkçenin ifade gücünü göstermesi açısından da ayrı bir önemesahiptirler. Bu konuda daha önce yapılan benzer çalışmalara ek olarak Kur’an’daEsmâ-Hüsna’nın (Allah’ın en güzel isimleri) geçtiği yerler incelenip aynıEsmâ’nın Türkçedeki farklı karşılıkları da tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.Esmâ-i Hüsnâ’ya karşılık gelen ifadeler yapı bakımından sınıflandırılmıştır.Sınıflandırma sonucunda sıfat-fiilllerin ve sıfat-fiil gruplarının Esmâ’larınTürkçe ifadesinde yoğun bir şekilde tercih edildiği görülmüştür. BirTürkçeleştirme yöntemi olarak karşımıza çıkan bu kullanımlar anlam boyutu ileayrı bir öneme sahip olan Allah’ın isimlerinin dönem Türkçesine özgükarşılıklarıdır. Kur’an’ın Türkçe çevirilerinde, dilde var olan kelimeihtiyacına Türkçe kelimelerle bu dönemde ne şekilde cevap verildiği ve Türkdilinin kelime türetmede ve söz diziminde nasıl hareket ettiği açıkçagörülebilmektedir. Yapılan bu tarz çalışmaların günümüz Türkçesi söz varlığınave sözlük çalışmalarına katkı sağlayacağı umulmaktadır.

InterlinearQur'an translations written in Old Anatolian Turkish period are rich sources ofdata in terms of Turkish vocabulary. The main purpose of this translation is toenable the people who do not speak Arabic to read and understand the Qur'an intheir own languages. Forthis reason, translators have been careful about language in translations.These translations which are created in the form of “word for word translation”under the lines are important in terms of language characteristics of theperiod in which they were written. The translations also have differentimportance in terms of showing the expression power of the Turkic againstArabic. In this study, the words constituting Esmâ-i Hüsnâ (most beautifulnames of Allah ) were studied in the translations of the old Anatolian Turkish.In addition to similar studies on this subject, the places of the Esmâ-Hüsnâmentioned in the Qur'an have been examined and the different equivalents of thesame Esmâ-i Hüsnâ in the Turkish were also identified. The expressionscorresponding to Esmâ-i Hüsnâ are classified in terms of structure. As a resultof classification, it’s seen that participle and participle groups were mostlypreferred in Esmâ-i Hüsnâ Turkish expression. These words, which are the methodof Turkish language translate method, are the equivalent of the names of theAllah, who are important in terms of meaning in Old Anatolian Turkish period. Inthe Turkish translations of the Qur'an, it can be seen clearly how iscorresponded the need for words in the language with Turkish words; how theTurkish language acts in syntax and the derivation of words. It ishoped that such studies will contribute to today’s Turkish vocabulary anddictionary studies. SummaryInterlinearQur'an translations written in Old Anatolian Turkish period are rich sources ofdata in terms of Turkish vocabulary. The main purpose of this translation is toenable the people who do not speak Arabic to read and understand the Qur'an intheir own languages. For this reason, translators have been careful aboutlanguage in translations. These translations which are created in the form of“word for word translation” under the lines are important in terms of languagecharacteristics of the period in which they were written. The translations alsohave different importance in terms of showing the expression power of theTurkic against Arabic. In this study, the words constituting Esmâ-i Hüsnâ (mostbeautiful names of Allah ) were studied in the translations of the oldAnatolian Turkish. In addition to similar studies on this subject, the placesof the Esmâ-Hüsnâ mentioned in the Qur'an have been examined and the differentequivalents of the same Esmâ-i Hüsnâ in the Turkish were also identified. Theexpressions corresponding to Esmâ-i Hüsnâ are classified in terms of structure.As a result of classification, it’s seen that participle and participle groupswere mostly preferred in Esmâ-i Hüsnâ Turkish expression. These words, whichare the method of Turkish language translate method, are the equivalent of thenames of the Allah, who are important in terms of meaning in Old AnatolianTurkish period. In the Turkish translations of the Qur'an, it can be seenclearly how is corresponded the need for words in the language with Turkishwords; how the Turkish language acts in syntax and the derivation of words. Itis hoped that such studies will contribute to today’s Turkish vocabulary anddictionary studies. ExamplesʻAFUV →   Afv  eyleyici/idici “All-Forgiving”  KT 1-2  58/2.   ʻAZÎM   → Ulu  “The supreme”  KT 1-2 2/255. ALLAH → Allāh  ”God/Lord” KT 2  10/3   Taŋrı  “God/Lord” KT1  10/3.BASÎR   → Görici “The all  seeing”  KT1- 2 2/110,  Görür  “The All Seeing” KT1  22/61. BĀTIN  → Gizlü “The hidden one”  KT 1-2 57/3.EHAD → Bir  “The One”  KT 1-2   112/1. ĠĀLİB   → Gālib  “The Victorious”  KT 1-2 12/21. HĀDÎ   →  Yol gösterici  “The guiding” KT 1  22/54.EKREM → Gey keremlü  “One who most bountiful”  KT 1 96/3, Kerîm Tanrı “Generous God” KT 2  96/3In this study,the word or word groups used correspond to Esmâ-i Hüsnâ (most beautiful namesof Allah) were compiled from two different sub-Qur'an translations made in theOld Anatolian Turkish period. These translations: (KT1) Muhammad binHamza's  XV. the translation of theQur'an from the beginning of the 20th century; (KT2) Anonymous Translation OfThe Quran. Esmā-i Hüsnā is a concept used in the Qur'an to represent the namesof Allah. Although there are several opinions about the number, there is ageneral assumption that 99. Inthis study, the words that in return for Esmā-i Hüsnā from the translations ofthe Qur'an are discussed in 100 headings. İn the Qur'an translations studied, Esmâ-iHüsnâs are expressed both in a single word form and in a group of words.Sometimes the translation of the same Esmâ-i Hüsnâ from Arabic to Turkish is translatedwith different words. For example: GAFÛR (absolver): Afv idici, Günāhlar bağışlayıcı, Yazuḳ yarlıgayıcı, Yarlıgayıcı. This situation is due to the depth ofmeaning of the Esmâ-i Hüsnâ. Although theyhave different meanings, the translatore prefer to use the same word for someEsmâ-i Hüsnâs:  For example: In returnfor the name ʻALİ,  MÜTEʻAL and REFİʻ the word Yüce “supreme" was used.In return for the name ʻALİM, HABİR and MUHİT the word Bilici “knower” was used.ʻALİ “The Highest”, MÜTEʻAL “The Supreme One”, REFİʻ “He who raises up”  ʻALİM  “The one who has knowledgeof the inner” HABİR “The one who knows everything”, MUHİT “The one who withknowledge and power that surrounds everything” It is observed that the participle and participle groups,noun construction, adjectival construction; and abbreviation groubs have anintensive use in the translation of Esmâ-iHüsnâs to Turkish. When evaluated in terms of the vocabulary of Turkish,the words used for Esmâ-i Hüsnâ contain characteristics that will provide datato contemporary dictionary studies. Religious expressions are the expressionsthat develop and mature over time in terms of perception, thinking andperception.