EDREMİT YÖRESİ KIRSAL ALANINDA NÜFUS HAREKETLERİNE NEDEN OLAN FAKTÖRLER
The Factors  Determining the Population Movements in the Rural Areas of Edremit District (NW  Turkey)
Yazar: Mutluer, Mustafa
Dergi: Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, Vol. 6 No. 1, 2015

Edremit yöresi kırsal alanında nüfus hareketlerine neden olan faktörler" başlığı altında sunduğumuz araştırmamızda, yöredeki nüfus hareketleri kesin goçler, mevsimlik iş gücü hareketleri ve günübirlik iş gücü hareketleri olmak üzere üç şekilde irdelenerek bunlara neden olan faktörler üzerinde durulmuştur. Kuramsal olarak, nüfus hareketlerinin farklı coğrafi mekanlardaki ekonomik potansiyelin dağılımındaki dengesizliklerle ilgili olduğu varsayımından hareketle, konu yerleşme birimlerinin kuruluş alanlarının jeomorfolojik özelliklerine bağlı olarak açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Burada amaç, yörenin jeomorfolojik özelliklerini ortaya koymak değil, farklı yerşekli birimlerinin yörenin ekonomik yapısına ve buna bağlı olarak da nüfus hareketleri uzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Başka bir anlatımla, değişik toprak yapısına, topografyaya ve Jeolojik yapıya sahip olan yerşekli birimleri, arazinin kullanılışı ve faydalanma bakımından bölunüşünün yanı sıra, tarım alanlarının dağılışı ile yetiştirilen kültür bitkilerinin ceşidini ve verimini de büyük olçüde etkilemektedir. Böylece, fiziki yapıya bağlı olarak tarımsal potansiyelin düşük olduğu alanlardan, gerek tarımsal potansiyelin yüksek olduğu, gerekse başka iş olanaklarının bulunabildiği kentsel alanlara doğru nüfus hareketi meydana gelmektedir.

The population movements of the Edremit district can be divided into three groups:1) intemal migrations,2) population movements related to seasonal jobs,3) population movements related to dally Jobs.According to the data obtained by the inquidqry, internal migration events occur where the equilibrium between the agricultural areas and the population is deteriorated, the agricultural fertility is lowered and agricultural lands are mostly scattered.Internal migrations groups can be divided into two sectors; one group moves from the rural areas to the rural and the other from the rural areas to the cities. Most of them prefer to settle in the local cities such as Edremit. Burhaniye and Havran. In addition to this some emigrants move to the big cities outside of the region such as İzmir, Balıkesir and Ayvalık.The highest percentage of movements has been seen in the years from 1950 to 1970. This is very Important because that shows the relation between the economical changes and migration in Turkey.Migrations depending upon the seasonal economic activity centers on the agricultural land on the alluvial plains, slightly undulating plateaus and dejection fans. The deficiency of the agricultural workers are being obtained from the populations of rural areas such as the district of Çan, Bayramiç and Ezine of Çanakkale province, the districts of İvrindi and Baiya of Balıkesir province and Mustafa Kemalpaşa district of Bursa. On the other hand, the fertile agricultural areas absorb mostly jobless rural population in the study areas as well.Apart from this, some part of the rural population migrating due to the seasonal activities go to the forested areas in the vicinity of Yenice and Kalkim district to work In the forestry activities, and to the fields of cotton and tobacco for harvesting activities in the Dikili and Bergama district and to collect hazelnut In the vicinity of Adapazarı.Contrary to seasonal working movements, daily migrations depending on economic activities are realised within the districts which are situated on the mountainous area. Migrations activities occuring in the study areas clearly reflect the structural economic changes which have taken place in Turkey since 1950. In addition to this, the geomorphic properties, economic situation and/or structure and property systems of the area determine the course of the migration events. For examle, total seasonal and dally migration are towards the alluvial plain, dejection fans and plateaus surfaces respectively: 21.5 %, 32.3 and 45.6 %. Contrary to this, the seasonal and dally migrations originate from the villages on the mountainous areas, hight plateaus surfaces and deeply dissected hilly areas respectively : 29.2 %. 20.1 % and 9.6 %. At the same time it has been  bserverd that, 40.2 % of the internal migration groups come from the undulating hilly areas and plateaus surfaces. 23.2 % from the mountainous areas, 20.7 % from the high flat land and undulating surfaces, 9.3 % from the deeply dissected hilly areas.These figures clearly reflect the geomorphic importance of the study area in terms of migration events. However, settlement types and economic activities of the rural areas are related with the geomorphic properties of such areas. According to inquries, on the other hand. 59.3 % of seasonal and Daily migrations of working attracted by to agricultural areas and 33.3 % of them by agricultural and animal husbandry areas. Economic activities of the rural areas also determine the migration events. It is observed that the seasonal and Daily migrations originate from the villages whose main livelihood depends anagricultural workink (47.4 %) and on agriculture+animal husbandry (33.0 %). The population having a small agricultural farm-land and dissected agricultural lands is considered another tempting factor In terms of internal migration as well.