Belâgat ve Edebî Tenkit Terimlerinin Teşekkülü Üzerine Bir Bibliyografya Denemesi I
A Bibliography Trial on the Formation of Rhetoric and Literary Criticism Terms I
Yazar: Güceyüz, İsa
Dergi: Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Vol. 19 No. 1, 2020
Anahtar kelimeler: Arabic Language,Rhetoric,Literary Criticism,Bibliography,Rhetoric Terms,Literary Criticism Terms,Balaqat,Naqd ; Arap Dili ve Belâgatı,Belâgat,Edebî Tenkid,Terim,Bibliyografya,Belâgat Terimleri,Edebi Tenkid Terimleri,Teşekkül

Bibliyografyaçalışmaları, bilimsel alanlardaki daha önce var olan birikimi yansıtmasıbakımından oldukça önemlidir. Ülkemizde belâgat ve nakd terimleri alanındayapılmış çalışmalara toplu olarak erişebileceğimiz bibliyografi araştırmasıbulunmamaktadır. Biz bu çalışmamızda özellikle Arap dünyasında yapılmış olanbelâgat terminoloji çalışmalarının doğru bir şekilde aktarılmasınıhedeflemekteyiz. Çok fazla yekün oluşturduğu için belâgat çalışmalarınıntamamına yer verilmemiş, sadece belâgat ve edebî tenkit terimlerininteşekkülüne dair eserlere yer verilmiştir. Yöntem olarak; öncelikle elektronikkütüphaneler taranmış, ardından belağat terimleri ile ilgili yapılan temelçalışmaların kaynakçaları mukayeseli olarak incelenmiştir. Bibliyografyaçalışmamızda Belâgat terimleri ile ilgili 10 kitap, 10 adet doktora tezi, 33adet yüksek lisans tezi, 17 adet sempozyum tebliği ve 143 adet makale olmaküzere toplam 213 çalışmaya yer verilmiştir. Ulaşılan çalışmalar; doktoratezleri, yüksek lisans tezleri, sempozyum tebliğleri ve makaleler olmak üzerebeş kategoride incelenmiştir. Çalışmaları; konu bakımından genel olarak,dönemsel / tarihî çalışmalar ve belâgatçıların terim anlayışlarını ele alan çalışmalarşeklinde tasnif etmemiz mümkündür. Tez çalışmalarının; kim tarafından, nerede,hangi hocanın danışmanlığında, kaç sayfa yapıldığı bilgisine bibliyografyadayer verilmiştir. Ayrıca makalelerin de hangi dergide, nerede, kaç yılında,hangi sayfa aralığında yayınladığına dair bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Ulaşılançalışmalarının büyük çoğunluğunun Mağrib ülkeleri ve Ürdün’de hazırlandığı görülmektedir.Belâgat ve edebî tenkit terimlerinin teşekkülüne dair yapılan çalışmaların 1970’lerinbaşlarına kadar uzandığını söyleyebiliriz.

AbstractBibliography research is significantfor scientific progress since they are mirroring the previous accumulation ofthe studies in one piece. Although rhetoric (balaqat) and literary criticism (naqd) are important elements of Arab literature, no bibliographyresearch has been conducted about balaqatand naqd in the Turkish language.This study aims to investigate rhetorical and literary criticism studies in theArab world by looking at a large number of scientific works. There areuncountable studies including balaqatand naqd; therefore, this studyanalyzes only some part of the existing literature involving the formation ofthese two terms.  Following stepsillustrate the methodological process: first, electronic libraries weresearched; second, the bibliography studies on rhetoric and literacy criticism termswere examined comparatively based on their formation; and third, a total of 213studies related to balaqat and naqd terms including 10 books, 10 Ph.D. theses,33 master's thesis, 17 symposium papers and 143 articles were included. The selectedstudies were examined in five categories as doctoral theses, master's theses,symposium papers and articles that can be also separated into two categoriesregarding the subject of the manuscripts as periodical/historical studies and thestudies including the rhetoricians' perspectives on this topic. This study alsoprovides background information about the theses and articles such as author,supervisor, country, and journal names. The results show that the majority ofthe studies are conducted in North Africa countries (Maghreb) and Jordan. It isalso be found that the studies on the formation of rhetoric and literarycriticism date back to the early 1970s.SummaryThe bibliography is thestudy that specifies the names, publication years, page numbers and publicationplaces for books, articles, or other scientific studies previously written in aspecific field. In other words, it is the compilation of works that gatherstogether the imprint information of the studies carried out in certain fieldsof discipline. Such works generally aim to systematically transfer existingscientific knowledge to the next generations. Rhetoric (Balaqat) is adiscipline that includes literary principles and literary arts such as maānī, bayān and bādi. As for literarycriticism or naqd; it is the discipline that deals with the examinationand analysis of a work of art or a work of literature according to specifiedcriteria.This study focuses on thestudies written about the formation of rhetoric and literary criticism termsbecause it is possible to explain the historical development of discipline onlyby revealing its literature and terminology development. This study also presentsthe stages through which terms of rhetoric gained their current forms, and fromwhich social environment and philosophy the concepts benefited during theirformation. This study sheds light on issues such as the abundance of rhetoricterms, the problem of meaning and indication and the problem of naming.Although certain qualitative studies on rhetoric and literary criticism havebeen done in Arab countries, the studies in our country are quite limited.Moreover, there aren’t any studies done on bibliography in the Arab countries,which presents the literature in this field. The materials about the formationof rhetoric and literary criticism terms are discussed in five categories;namely, books, doctoral and master's theses, symposium papers and articles. Inthis study; 213 studies are given a place in total, including 10 books, 10doctoral theses, 33 master’s theses, 17 symposium papers and 143 articlesrelated to the terms of rhetoric and literary criticism. Also, information isgiven about who the advisor of an academic thesis is. The volume and issuenumbers and information about the year of the journals in which the articleswere published are also presented. The study has been prepared alphabeticallyto provide easy access to researchers. In our study, we firstdiscussed the separate books written in this field. The separate books were writtenon the formation of terms of rhetoric and literary criticism covering topicssuch as the structures of rhetoric terms until the Hijri third century, the theoryand the practice dimension, and the scholars’ rhetoric understanding. It isseen that these separate works, which are mostly voluminous, discuss thesubjects in detail. Some separate works were formed by means of compiling orexpanding articles or theses. In this study, secondly, doctoral theses aregiven place. Doctoral studies address the rhetoric terms mostly in age orperson. In this context, it is possible to mention scholars such as Ibn Sinân al-Hafâcî and Abdel-Kâhir al-Curcani. In the third category, we examined the master'stheses. We can say that master's studies we have reached, which are more thanthirty, are more diverse than doctoral theses in terms of subject. Therhetoricians and their understanding of terms are separately discussed. Inthese studies, a scholar’s term method is discussed in detail rather than how aterm has been formed historically. As for periodical studies, they tried tomake a general evaluation about which characteristic features the terms havehad, and in which periods. In this direction, some classifications have beenmade. In almost all works, it was emphasized that rhetoric did not have ahomogeneous structure in its early periods. Likewise, how other sciences apartfrom rhetoric contributed to the development of rhetoric terms is anothersubject discussed in the studies. In the fourth group, we discussed thesymposium papers. It is seen that these papers are generally presented insymposiums with specific themes related to rhetoric, literary criticism andliterature. In the fifth and the last category, we have discussed articleswritten within the field. This section is the one that provides a lot moreliterature than others on the formation of terms for rhetoric and literarycriticism. A great deal of variety is observed in terms of the issues addressedin these articles. In the articles, the emergence of some rhetoric terms isseparately discussed. Furthermore, issues such as the reasons for the abundanceof rhetoric terms, the indication problem of the terms, the factors andprocesses that affect the formation of the term, and the variation experiencedin the understandings of terms were also touched upon.It is seen that the vastmajority of the studies were written in Maghreb countries and Jordan. Eachcategory has been evaluated within itself and their remarkable characteristicshave been conveyed. Studies related to rhetoric arts, which are not directlyrelated to the formation of terms, are not included in this study. However, ifthe historical process of that branch of art is mentioned when dealing withart, it is included in the bibliography study. Arabic, English and Turkishliterature have been reviewed, studies in Arab countries being in the firstplace. Firstly, the works were electronically scanned, the contentcompatibility of the works reached was checked, and then the bibliographies ofthe works were comparatively examined. In this research, it has been tried toput forward that some studies in the same field are not aware of the previousstudies or ignore them. It is possible to take back the studies on the terms ofrhetoric and literary criticism until the early 1970s. Our research aims toprovide systematic literature information to researchers who will studyrhetoric terms. The research has been completed with the findings-evaluationchapter, where a general evaluation on the study was made, and thebibliography.