hakansabunis/tr-academic-research-agent-index huggingface dataset:
CANLILAR BİLİMİ VE EVRİM SORUNUNUN TEŞRİHİ
Anatomy of Biology and Problem of Evolotion
Yazar: Duralı, Teoman
Dergi: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 22, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler: Biology, organism, animism, mechanicism, species, individual ; Biyoloji, canlı, canlıcılık, mekanikciIik, tür, birey

Biyoloji, canlılarla uğraşan bilim dalına verilen isimdir. Ancak bilim, sadece zaman ve mekan koordinatlarında yer alan olaylara eğilir. Oysa canlılık, etimolojik olarak ruh sahibi olmak da demektir. Biyolojinin başta gelen sorunu onun konusu olan canlının, modern bilimin ele aldığı vakıalardan biri olmayışıdır. Bu makalenin amacı, bilimsel yaklaşımın Aristoteles ile başlayan ve yüzyıllar boyunca devam eden biyoloji temelli, canlıcı yaklaşımdan nasıl olup da Yeniçağ dindışı Avrupa Medeniyetinin canlı-olmayan, mekanik, madde temelli yaklaşımına geçtiğini açıklamaya çalışmaktır. Buna göre, canlıların, canlı olmayan varlık sahasının bilimi olan mekanik tarafından nasıl açıklanmaya çalışıldığı çözümlenmeye gayret edilmiştir. Bunu yaparken bilimsel yaklaşımın çağların hakim paradigmalarıyla ilişkisi ele alınmıştır.

Biology is the science concerned with the living organisms. However, science involves events which exist only within the space-time coordinates. But liveliness also etymologically means having a soul. The first and foremost problem of biology is that the living organism as his subject-matter is not one of the facts which the modern science deals with. The purpose of this article is to explain how the biology-based, animist scientific approach laid down by Aristotle and followed by many others for ages had changed into the Modern Secular West European Civilization's inorganic, mechanicist and matter-based scientific approach. With the reference to that, it's been tried to understand how the living organism are explained by Mechanics which is the science concerned primarily with inorganic matters. While doing that the relations of scientific approaches with the prevailing paradigms of their time have also been dealt with.
BİR BİLGİ VE BİLME KURAMI OLARAK SOSYOLOJİ
Sociology As an Epistemology and Theory of Knowledge
Yazar: Berkkurt, Günce
Dergi: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 22, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler: Objectivation, historicisation, epistemology, scientificity. ; Nesneleştirme, tarihselleştirme, epistemoloji, bilimsellik

The sociologists who tend to lay down the epistemological grounds of sociology (especially Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and more recently Pierre Bourdieu), conceive this type of knowledge as a meta-science which cross examines the empirical with theoretical and thus, go beyond the social theories adapted exclusively to particular times and geographies. These theoreticians emphasize historicisation as an important method. Inquiring how can sociology be redefined as a meta-science make necessary the inquiry on what the sociology is. This &lsquo;continental science', who emerged along with the Industrial revolution and the expansion of universities in the 19th century, developed in the context of a constant contact not only with the philosophy and law among which some of its founding figures came from, but also with the other new disciplines as psychology, economy, political science and pedagogy. The sociology bases its scientificity on the objectivation and historicisation of its theories and methods and put this enquiry as a matter subject of science. 

The sociologists who tend to lay down the epistemological grounds of sociology (especially Emile Durkheim, Max Weber and more recently Pierre Bourdieu), conceive this type of knowledge as a meta-science which cross examines the empirical with theoretical and thus, go beyond the social theories adapted exclusively to particular times and geographies. These theoreticians emphasize historicisation as an important method. Inquiring how can sociology be redefined as a meta-science make necessary the inquiry on what the sociology is. This &lsquo;continental science', who emerged along with the Industrial revolution and the expansion of universities in the 19th century, developed in the context of a constant contact not only with the philosophy and law among which some of its founding figures came from, but also with the other new disciplines as psychology, economy, political science and pedagogy. The sociology bases its scientificity on the objectivation and historicisation of its theories and methods and put this enquiry as a matter subject of science.
TÜRKİYE'DE BİLGİYİ ELE ALMADA MESELELER
Some Issues about the Analysis of Knowledge in Turkey
Yazar: Arkonaç, Sibel
Dergi: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 22, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler: Scientific knowledge in Turkey, Philosophy, Conceptualization,Thinking methodology, Cosmoses of knowledge ; Türkiye'de bilimsel bilgi, Felsefe, Kavramlaştırma, Düşünme yöntemi, Bilgi evrenleri

Considering scientific knowledge, our own researchers generally ignore the local knowledge of cosmos at this side of geography. Western approach on scientific knowledge is approved as if it is the only acceptable and the universal way of thinking. The conceptualizations, the way of thinking methodologies, interactions and processes are not given considered in which their theoretical backgrounds were developed. Therefore the opportunity of comprehension and realization of different and multidimensional knowledge cosmoses which are interacting and transforming each other is being passed up. In this study, the problems which are observed in approaching the scientific knowledge in Turkey are tried to be identified into subtitles.

Considering scientific knowledge, our own researchers generally ignore the local knowledge of cosmos at this side of geography. Western approach on scientific knowledge is approved as if it is the only acceptable and the universal way of thinking. The conceptualizations, the way of thinking methodologies, interactions and processes are not given considered in which their theoretical backgrounds were developed. Therefore the opportunity of comprehension and realization of different and multidimensional knowledge cosmoses which are interacting and transforming each other is being passed up. In this study, the problems which are observed in approaching the scientific knowledge in Turkey are tried to be identified into subtitles.
TÜRKİYE'DE PSİKANALİZİN GELİŞİMİNE KISA BİR BAKIŞ
A Short Review on the Development of Psychoanalysis in Turkey
Yazar: Tunaboylu İkiz, Tevfika
Dergi: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 22, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler: Psychoanalysis, Turkey, historical development, transmission ; Psikanaliz, Türkiye, tarihsel gelişim, ileti

The object of this paper is to show the development of psychoanalysis in our country after elaborating how psychoanalysis looks on human psychic world as the object of study. Even though it has arrived with a delay of 100 years, its institutionalization can be seen. In our country which inherited the Seljuk and Ottoman medicine, psychoanalysis had difficulty to find itself a place in the medical approach and how psychoanalysis took part in the developments in the fields of psychiatry and psychology is explained shortly. In the last 15 years, psychoanalysis as a discipline has been improving rapidly; with the established societies, committed conferences and congresses, it is clear that psychoanalysis will be transmitted to the later generations within our culture.

The object of this paper is to show the development of psychoanalysis in our country after elaborating how psychoanalysis looks on human psychic world as the object of study. Even though it has arrived with a delay of 100 years, its institutionalization can be seen. In our country which inherited the Seljuk and Ottoman medicine, psychoanalysis had difficulty to find itself a place in the medical approach and how psychoanalysis took part in the developments in the fields of psychiatry and psychology is explained shortly. In the last 15 years, psychoanalysis as a discipline has been improving rapidly; with the established societies, committed conferences and congresses, it is clear that psychoanalysis will be transmitted to the later generations within our culture.
KESİNLİK VE PUSLU MANTIK
Precision and Fuzzy Logic
Yazar: Yüksel, Yücel
Dergi: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 22, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler: Precision, Vagueness, Philosophy of Science, Humanities, Fuzzy Logic ; Kesinlik, Belirsizlik, Bilim Felsefesi, Beşeri Bilimler, Puslu Mantık

In this article, primarily, I would like to discuss the concept of precision which is one of the most important criteria of western scientific mentality which is inarguably accepted as the prevailing method of the production of knowledge by almost everyone. Despite the fact that this concept has very important philosophical problems, it has not been criticized throughout the centuries and probably hence permeated into all corners of the western thought. Although, precision is a research subject in itself in respect of its manifestations, positive contributions  as well as its resultant problems in all subjects pertaining to human acts, it will here be considered only as a  secondary concept. The main aim of this work will be to introduce fuzzy logic, which provides an alternative standpoint with regard to attempts to solve some problems which are closely related to the concept of precision, and to try to expose that this new discipline of logic is very important for the philosophy of science, the history of science and the sociology of science in terms of its distinctive properties.

In this article, primarily, I would like to discuss the concept of precision which is one of the most important criteria of western scientific mentality which is inarguably accepted as the prevailing method of the production of knowledge by almost everyone. Despite the fact that this concept has very important philosophical problems, it has not been criticized throughout the centuries and probably hence permeated into all corners of the western thought. Although, precision is a research subject in itself in respect of its manifestations, positive contributions  as well as its resultant problems in all subjects pertaining to human acts, it will here be considered only as a  secondary concept. The main aim of this work will be to introduce fuzzy logic, which provides an alternative standpoint with regard to attempts to solve some problems which are closely related to the concept of precision, and to try to expose that this new discipline of logic is very important for the philosophy of science, the history of science and the sociology of science in terms of its distinctive properties.
İSLAM DÜŞÜNCESİNDE İLİMLER TASNİFİ
Classification of Sciences in Islamic Thought
Yazar: Türker, Ömer
Dergi: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 22, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler: Scinence, Religion, Philosophy, Classification, Metaphysics. ; İlim, Tasnif, Din, Felsefe, Metafizik

This paper aims to discuss the emergence of the traditions of classification of sciences in Islam. It is argued that these traditions were mainly the result of the problematic relationship between reason and revelation and religion and philosophy, and were based on two theories. One is the theory of prophecy (nubuwwah), developed by al-Farabi, which explains the revelation as an expression of intellectual knowledge in sensible forms. The most systematic application of this theory is found in Irsh&acirc;d al-q&acirc;sid by Ibn al-Akf&acirc;n&icirc;. The other theory, which is developed by various Muslim scholars of traditional Islamic disciplines (kalam-fiqh-tasawwuf, etc.), accepts the revelation as the absolute expression of the truth. This second theory finds its most developed application in Mift&acirc;h al-sa'&acirc;dah by Tashkopruz&acirc;da

This paper aims to discuss the emergence of the traditions of classification of sciences in Islam. It is argued that these traditions were mainly the result of the problematic relationship between reason and revelation and religion and philosophy, and were based on two theories. One is the theory of prophecy (nubuwwah), developed by al-Farabi, which explains the revelation as an expression of intellectual knowledge in sensible forms. The most systematic application of this theory is found in Irsh&acirc;d al-q&acirc;sid by Ibn al-Akf&acirc;n&icirc;. The other theory, which is developed by various Muslim scholars of traditional Islamic disciplines (kalam-fiqh-tasawwuf, etc.), accepts the revelation as the absolute expression of the truth. This second theory finds its most developed application in Mift&acirc;h al-sa'&acirc;dah by Tashkopruz&acirc;da
ŞEFFAFLAŞMA ARACI OLARAK BİLGİ EDİNME VE ARAŞTIRMA HAKKI
The Right to Information and Research as a Means of Becoming Transparent
Yazar: Keskin, İshak
Dergi: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 22, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler: Right to information, research in archives, transparency, archival studies ; Bilgi edinme, arşivlerde araştırmai şeffaflık, arşivcilik

Transparency, which is one of the principles of a democratic administration, can be obtained through the state's duty of providing information and through the right to information and research. To put these into practice implies the sharing of administrative responsibilities and the control of the state administration by the public. Yet, the sharing of responsibilities and the right to control are not unlimited. For, in addition to the protection of the rights of first and second persons, that of third persons is also important. Archivists, who are involved in the formation of systems of records register and the management of institutions, as well as the clarification of the limitations of the rights of access to institutional and archival documents, play an important role in the effective protection of these rights.

Transparency, which is one of the principles of a democratic administration, can be obtained through the state's duty of providing information and through the right to information and research. To put these into practice implies the sharing of administrative responsibilities and the control of the state administration by the public. Yet, the sharing of responsibilities and the right to control are not unlimited. For, in addition to the protection of the rights of first and second persons, that of third persons is also important. Archivists, who are involved in the formation of systems of records register and the management of institutions, as well as the clarification of the limitations of the rights of access to institutional and archival documents, play an important role in the effective protection of these rights.
DÜNYA VE BATI EDEBİYATI KARŞISINDA KUTADGU-BİLİG
Kutadgu-Bilig in the Context of World and Western Literature
Yazar: Arslan, Mahmut
Dergi: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 22, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler: Yusuf Has Hacib, Kutadgu-Bilig, Turkish literature, Western literature ; Yusuf Has Hacib, Kutadgu-Bilig, Türk edebiyatı, Batı edebiyatı

Kutadgu-Bilig is the first Islamic work which had been written after the acceptance of Islam in Turkish history. This masterpiece is very significant not only as a cultural artifact, but also a stimulating work on the destiny of Turkish people that had joined sphere of a new culture and civilisation. Yusuf Has H&acirc;cib wrote the Kutadgu-Bilig with the responsibility of being intellectual that derived from his society and state belongings. In that context, he aimed to stabilize the social structure which had been in the disorder of value. Therefore, Yusuf Has H&acirc;cib wanted to form a system of state and society, and to achieve a Constitution, a moral and political doctrine for rulers and statesmen of Turkish states which would have been established in the future. This paper aims to examine the work in comparison with some pieces of the world and western literature.

Kutadgu-Bilig is the first Islamic work which had been written after the acceptance of Islam in Turkish history. This masterpiece is very significant not only as a cultural artifact, but also a stimulating work on the destiny of Turkish people that had joined sphere of a new culture and civilisation. Yusuf Has H&acirc;cib wrote the Kutadgu-Bilig with the responsibility of being intellectual that derived from his society and state belongings. In that context, he aimed to stabilize the social structure which had been in the disorder of value. Therefore, Yusuf Has H&acirc;cib wanted to form a system of state and society, and to achieve a Constitution, a moral and political doctrine for rulers and statesmen of Turkish states which would have been established in the future. This paper aims to examine the work in comparison with some pieces of the world and western literature.
“Türk Sosyolojisinin Ana Sorunları”Nın  Rusça Baskısı Üzerine
“Türk Sosyolojisinin Ana Sorunları”Nın  Rusça Baskısı Üzerine
Yazar: Tüfekçioğlu, Hayati
Dergi: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 22, 2011

Bu yazıda 2005 yılında Kazakistan'da Rusça olarak yayınlanan Baykan Sezer'in &ldquo;Türk Sosyolojisinin Ana Sorunları&rdquo; kitabına yazdığımız önsözün Türkçe tercümesi ve kitabı gönderdiğimiz Rusça konuşulan ülkelerdeki kütüphaneler ile sosyoloji ve tarih bölümlerinden gelen mektuplar arasından Moskova Milli Kütüphanesi Müdürlüğü'nün mektubuna yer verilecektir. Aşağıdaki &ldquo;önsöz&rdquo;de de belirtiğimiz gibi Sezer sosyolojisinin bağımsızlıklarını yeni kazanan Türki toplumlar için önemi bellidir. Ancak, Rus Milli Kütüphanesi'nden gelen ve Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasından sonra bilimsel alanda Ruslar'ın Batı'ya bakışını ve yönelişinigösterenmektup Sezer'in sadece Türki toplumlar için önemli olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Mektubun değerinin anlaşılması için kitaba yazdığımız &ldquo;önsöz&rdquo;ü verip daha sonra kitabın yayını üzerine Rus meslektaşlarımızın değerlendirmesini veren &ldquo;mektubu&rdquo; ekleyeceğiz.

Bu yazıda 2005 yılında Kazakistan'da Rusça olarak yayınlanan Baykan Sezer'in &ldquo;Türk Sosyolojisinin Ana Sorunları&rdquo; kitabına yazdığımız önsözün Türkçe tercümesi ve kitabı gönderdiğimiz Rusça konuşulan ülkelerdeki kütüphaneler ile sosyoloji ve tarih bölümlerinden gelen mektuplar arasından Moskova Milli Kütüphanesi Müdürlüğü'nün mektubuna yer verilecektir. Aşağıdaki &ldquo;önsöz&rdquo;de de belirtiğimiz gibi Sezer sosyolojisinin bağımsızlıklarını yeni kazanan Türki toplumlar için önemi bellidir. Ancak, Rus Milli Kütüphanesi'nden gelen ve Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasından sonra bilimsel alanda Ruslar'ın Batı'ya bakışını ve yönelişinigösterenmektup Sezer'in sadece Türki toplumlar için önemli olmadığını ortaya koymaktadır. Mektubun değerinin anlaşılması için kitaba yazdığımız &ldquo;önsöz&rdquo;ü verip daha sonra kitabın yayını üzerine Rus meslektaşlarımızın değerlendirmesini veren &ldquo;mektubu&rdquo; ekleyeceğiz.
TÜRKİYE'DE GİRİT ÇALIŞMALARI ÜZERİNE BİR DENEME
An Essay on Crete Studies in Turkey
Yazar: Turhan, Rıdvan
Dergi: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 22, 2011
Anahtar kelimeler: Crete, Crete Literature, Western Civilization, AMP (The Asiatic Mode of Production), Ottoman Empire, Exchange. ; Girit, Girit literatürü, Batı Uygarlığı, ATÜT (Asya Tipi Üretim Tarzl), Osmanlı Devleti, Mübadele

Bu yazıda, Türkçede Girit'le ilgili çalışmalar belli bir düzen içerisinde sınıflandırılmıştır. Çalışmada temel olarak Girit'in Türkiye'de gündeme geliş biçimleri değerlendirilmiştir. Girit, Batı'da ilk olarak uygarlığın ortaya çıkışı tartışmaları sebebiyle gündeme gelmiştir. Bu doğrultuda Yunan uygarlığının Batı uygarlığının ilk beşiği olduğu tezine eleştirel bir bakış olarak ileri sürülen Girit, ülkemizde de Batı'dan aktarılan çeviri yayınlar aracılığıyla bu çerçevede gündeme gelmiştir. 1960'lı yıllarda Batı'da üretim tarzı tartışmalarına bağlı olarak yeniden inceleme konusu olan Girit, bu tartışmaların çeviri yayınlarla ülkemize aktarılması sebebiyle Türkçe literatürde yer almaya başlamıştır. Ancak Türkçe literatürde yaygın Girit çalışmaları asıl olarak adanın Osmanlı egemenliği altında bulunduğu dönemle ilgili olmuştur. Son olarak yakın dönemde giderek artan mübadele çalışmaları ve Girit konulu romanlar, konuyla ilgili literatürü zenginleştiren çalışmalardır.

In this paper, Crete-related studies in Turkish are classified in an order. Mainly, the ways Crete has come into question in Turkey are evaluated. In the West, Crete came into question for the first time in relation with the debates on the origin of civilization. Being suggested as a critical viewpoint against the thesis that the Greek civilization had been the cradle for the Western civilization, Crete came into question also in our country in this respect by way of translated publications originated in the West. In 1960's, Crete became an object for study again in relation with the discussions on the mode of production and consequently the discussion was transfered also to Turkey through translated publications. However, widespread studies on Crete in Turkish literature have been about the period the island was under the Ottoman rule. Lastly, in the recent period, the ever increasing exchange studies and novels about Crete have enriched the literature regarding the subject matter.
YURT DIŞINA İŞÇİ GÖNDERME OLAYININ SOSYOLOJİK ELEŞTİRİSİ
YURT DIŞINA İŞÇİ GÖNDERME OLAYININ SOSYOLOJİK ELEŞTİRİSİ
Yazar: Aycan, Nihat
Dergi: İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, Vol. 3 No. 22, 2011

Prof. Dr. Korkut Tuna'nın, Yurt Dışına İşçi Gönderme Olayının Sosyolojik Eleştirisi başlıklı "doktora tezi"; 1974'te tamamlanıp Eylül 1975'te de Prof. Dr. Cahit Tanyol, Prof. Dr. Erol Tümertekin, Prof. Dr. Nihat Nirun, Prof. Dr. Refia Şermin, Prof. Dr. Nephan Saran'dan kurulu jüri önünde savunulmuştur. 1981 yılında, İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi yayını olarak kitap haline getirilen tez, 262 sayfa ve 102 kaynaktan oluşmuştur. Çalışma, önceden beri Batı ile girilen ilişkilerden farklı olarak, yeni türden ilişkiler içine girilmesini, karşılıklı istekle başlatılan işçi göndermenin yol açtığı toplumsal olaylar dizisini, Batı'ya katılma çabasının görünüm ve imkanını, en yoğun işçi gönderilen ülke olan Almanya örneğinden hareketle değerlendirmektedir. Bu değerlendirme ile yurdumuzdaki bir dizi toplumsal olaylarla, daha sonraki yıllarda çeşitli Batı ülkelerine, hatta Uzakdoğu'ya yönelişle de oldukça karmaşıklaşan olaya kapsamlı bir açıklama getirilmiştir. Prof. Dr. Tuna'nın eski bir öğrencisinin benimsediği, ancak aslına bağlı bir sistematikte özetlenen çalışma; giriş, materyal ve metot, kuramsal çerçeve, bulgular, sonuç ve öneriler alt başlıklarında tanıtılmıştır.

Prof. Dr. Korkut Tuna'nın, Yurt Dışına İşçi Gönderme Olayının Sosyolojik Eleştirisi başlıklı "doktora tezi"; 1974'te tamamlanıp Eylül 1975'te de Prof. Dr. Cahit Tanyol, Prof. Dr. Erol Tümertekin, Prof. Dr. Nihat Nirun, Prof. Dr. Refia Şermin, Prof. Dr. Nephan Saran'dan kurulu jüri önünde savunulmuştur. 1981 yılında, İstanbul Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi yayını olarak kitap haline getirilen tez, 262 sayfa ve 102 kaynaktan oluşmuştur. Çalışma, önceden beri Batı ile girilen ilişkilerden farklı olarak, yeni türden ilişkiler içine girilmesini, karşılıklı istekle başlatılan işçi göndermenin yol açtığı toplumsal olaylar dizisini, Batı'ya katılma çabasının görünüm ve imkanını, en yoğun işçi gönderilen ülke olan Almanya örneğinden hareketle değerlendirmektedir. Bu değerlendirme ile yurdumuzdaki bir dizi toplumsal olaylarla, daha sonraki yıllarda çeşitli Batı ülkelerine, hatta Uzakdoğu'ya yönelişle de oldukça karmaşıklaşan olaya kapsamlı bir açıklama getirilmiştir. Prof. Dr. Tuna'nın eski bir öğrencisinin benimsediği, ancak aslına bağlı bir sistematikte özetlenen çalışma; giriş, materyal ve metot, kuramsal çerçeve, bulgular, sonuç ve öneriler alt başlıklarında tanıtılmıştır.