Turizm ve ikinci konut gelişiminin doğal çevre üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi. Dilek yarımadası ve yakın çevresi örneği
Assesing the impacts on natural environment on tourism and second home developments: A case of Dilek peninsula and its surnoundings
Yazar: GÜLAY MİZAN
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. PERVER KORÇA
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1994
Konu: Peyzaj Mimarlığı = Landscape Architecture ; Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning
Dizin: Dilek yarımadası = Dilek peninsula ; Doğal çevre = Natural environment ; Konut = Dwelling house ; Turizm = Tourism

Özet:
Turizm ve ikinci konut gelişimi, teknolojik gelişmelere bağlı olarak ulaşım olanaklarının artması ve gelir düzeyinin yükselmesi ile tüm dün yada olduğu gibi ülkemizde de büyük bir hız kazanmaya başlamıştır. Bir yörede turistik gelişmenin sağlanabilmesi bu yörenin sahip olduğu turistik çekiciliklerle yakından ilgilidir. Yörenin turizm potansiyelini oluşturan turistik çekiciliklerse yerleşmenin sahip olduğu doğal güzellikler, manzara alanları, iklim koşulları gibi doğal çevre elemanlarının, insan yapısı alt ve üst yapılan, turistik tesis, yatak kapasitesi, ulaşım ve haberleşme kolaylıkları gibi yapma çevre elemanlarının tarihi, arkeolojik, kültürel nitelikler gibi sosyo-kültürel çevre elemanlarını içermektedir. Yörenin sahip olduğu çevresel öğelerin niteliklerine göre yöreye talep oluştuğundan, turizm endüstrisinin geleceği bu çevresel öğelerin koruma-kullanma dengesi içinde sunulmasına bağlıdır. Hem çevresel öğelerin niteliğini sürdürmek, hem de turizm endüstri sinden sağlanan yararları en üst düzeye çıkarabilmek, kullanımdan doğan etkilere müdahale eden iyi bir çevresel yönetim ve planlama yaklaşımı ile mümkündür. Çalışmanın yukarıda açıklanan kapsamı doğrultusunda Dilek Yarımadası ve çevresinde turizm ve ikinci konut gelişiminin doğal çevre üzerindeki etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yörenin turizm potansiyelini oluş turan turistik çekicilikler belirlenmiştir. Yörede yapılan gözlemler, plan lama çalışmalarının incelenmesi ve anket soruşturmaları sonucunda turizm ve ikinci konut gelişiminin doğal çevre üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri ortaya konulmuş, bu olumsuz etkileri en aza indirecek öneriler sunulmuştur. XV

Abstract:
Tourism development has began to rise increasingly as a social beha vior because of the tecnologycal improvement, increase of transportation possibilities and level of social welfare after the Second World War. Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinatios outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken du ring stay inthose destinations and the facilities created to cater to their needs. Tourism involves vouluntry, temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal paces which are for periods exceeding 24 hours at least and it is undertaken for the purpose of recreation, holi day, health, education, sport, business. Tourism includes the activities undertaken by tourist during their stay in those destinations (lodging, meals, sigthseeng, recreation, servi ces). Tourism potential of a destination areas relate to natural environ ment features, man made environment features and socio-cultural envi ronment features. These environmental features are touristic attributes. The natural environment features of an area include: topography, geo- morfhology, hydrology, soil, fauna and flora, climate. The man made en vironment featuresof an area include: infrastructure possibilities such as water suppl, sewage disposal, telecommunications, transportation and touristic facilities, etc. Tourism has became a high profil activity in a number of economies. Incrasingly, policymkers and planers are turning to tourism develop ment as a mecanisme to makers restructure economies or to generate jobs. Toruism developments are accompanied by positive and negative ef fects, both economic and environmental. While the procedures for asses sing economic costs and benfits are relatively well known, the potential environmental costs and benfits of tourism developments have tended to be lef out of the appraisal of tourism project, policies and programmes. XVIGenerally, tourism and second home development which is the most important impact on man made environment of tourism, has existed in the areas that are hing natural quality. Tourism and second homes have existed esecially in coastlines. In this respect coastlies and flora, fauna living in these areas have destructed increasinly. Dilek Peninsula and its surroundings hav been elected to observe the impacts on natural features and landscape characteristic of tourism and second home development in Turkey. The touristic atributes which de termine the tourism potential in tourism market is expressed below o Dilek Peninsula National Park o Panionion Three different research method have used i the research area. They are summarized below: o observation o investigation of plans, planning approaches, planning is sues of the research area. o Inquiries which are applied on residents, second home users and National Park visitors According to research results, impacts on natural environment of tou rism and second home development are expressed below: o destruction of agricultural areas, forest areas and local vegetation becouse of second home development o elimination of flora and fauna o Visual pollution becouse of second horn and tourism buildings o Air pollution becouse of tourist vehicle and traffic o Water pollution on coastline becouse of second home and congestion. Proposals which are necessaray in order to provide sustainable tou rism development are presentr as follow: XIXSUMMARY ASSESING THE IMPACTS ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF TOURISM AND SECOND HOME DEVELOPMENTS : A CASE OF DİLEK PENINSULA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS Tourism development has began to rise increasingly as a social beha vior because of the tecnologycal improvement, increase of transportation possibilities and level of social welfare after the Second World War. Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinatios outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken du ring stay inthose destinations and the facilities created to cater to their needs. Tourism involves vouluntry, temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal paces which are for periods exceeding 24 hours at least and it is undertaken for the purpose of recreation, holi day, health, education, sport, business. Tourism includes the activities undertaken by tourist during their stay in those destinations (lodging, meals, sigthseeng, recreation, servi ces). Tourism potential of a destination areas relate to natural environ ment features, man made environment features and socio-cultural envi ronment features. These environmental features are touristic attributes. The natural environment features of an area include: topography, geo- morfhology, hydrology, soil, fauna and flora, climate. The man made en vironment featuresof an area include: infrastructure possibilities such as water suppl, sewage disposal, telecommunications, transportation and touristic facilities, etc. Tourism has became a high profil activity in a number of economies. Incrasingly, policymkers and planers are turning to tourism develop ment as a mecanisme to makers restructure economies or to generate jobs. Toruism developments are accompanied by positive and negative ef fects, both economic and environmental. While the procedures for asses sing economic costs and benfits are relatively well known, the potential environmental costs and benfits of tourism developments have tended to be lef out of the appraisal of tourism project, policies and programmes. XVIGenerally, tourism and second home development which is the most important impact on man made environment of tourism, has existed in the areas that are hing natural quality. Tourism and second homes have existed esecially in coastlines. In this respect coastlies and flora, fauna living in these areas have destructed increasinly. Dilek Peninsula and its surroundings hav been elected to observe the impacts on natural features and landscape characteristic of tourism and second home development in Turkey. The touristic atributes which de termine the tourism potential in tourism market is expressed below o Dilek Peninsula National Park o Panionion Three different research method have used i the research area. They are summarized below: o observation o investigation of plans, planning approaches, planning is sues of the research area. o Inquiries which are applied on residents, second home users and National Park visitors According to research results, impacts on natural environment of tou rism and second home development are expressed below: o destruction of agricultural areas, forest areas and local vegetation becouse of second home development o elimination of flora and fauna o Visual pollution becouse of second horn and tourism buildings o Air pollution becouse of tourist vehicle and traffic o Water pollution on coastline becouse of second home and congestion. Proposals which are necessaray in order to provide sustainable tou rism development are presentr as follow: XIXSUMMARY ASSESING THE IMPACTS ON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT OF TOURISM AND SECOND HOME DEVELOPMENTS : A CASE OF DİLEK PENINSULA AND ITS SURROUNDINGS Tourism development has began to rise increasingly as a social beha vior because of the tecnologycal improvement, increase of transportation possibilities and level of social welfare after the Second World War. Tourism is the temporary movement of people to destinatios outside their normal places of work and residence, the activities undertaken du ring stay inthose destinations and the facilities created to cater to their needs. Tourism involves vouluntry, temporary movement of people to destinations outside their normal paces which are for periods exceeding 24 hours at least and it is undertaken for the purpose of recreation, holi day, health, education, sport, business. Tourism includes the activities undertaken by tourist during their stay in those destinations (lodging, meals, sigthseeng, recreation, servi ces). Tourism potential of a destination areas relate to natural environ ment features, man made environment features and socio-cultural envi ronment features. These environmental features are touristic attributes. The natural environment features of an area include: topography, geo- morfhology, hydrology, soil, fauna and flora, climate. The man made en vironment featuresof an area include: infrastructure possibilities such as water suppl, sewage disposal, telecommunications, transportation and touristic facilities, etc. Tourism has became a high profil activity in a number of economies. Incrasingly, policymkers and planers are turning to tourism develop ment as a mecanisme to makers restructure economies or to generate jobs. Toruism developments are accompanied by positive and negative ef fects, both economic and environmental. While the procedures for asses sing economic costs and benfits are relatively well known, the potential environmental costs and benfits of tourism developments have tended to be lef out of the appraisal of tourism project, policies and programmes. XVI