Çeşitli paramanyetik iyon ve organik madde eklenen ve eklenmeyen çene kemiği kist sıvılarında mr ve nmr t1 ve t2 durulmalarının karşılaştırılması /
Yazar: UTKU NEZİH YILMAZ
Danışman: DOÇ.DR. REZZAN GÜNER
Dicle Üniversitesi / Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Ağız, Diş, Çene Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Doktora, 2007
Konu: Diş Hekimliği = Dentistry

Özet:
This study was carried out to evaluate performance (body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio), carcass yield, some organ weights (liver, heart and spleen), tibia weight, tibia ash level, serum and tibia P, Ca, Mg and Zn concentrations of broilers fed with phytase supplemented mineral P free diets.A total of 375 Ross 308 male broilers were used in study. One-day-old chicks were randomly assigned into (+) control, (?) control and treatment groups consisted of five replications each containing 25 chicks.A starter diet with 22,78% crude protein and 3050 kcal/kg metabolisable energy was used. Three dietary treatments were formed as followed: (1) (+) control group diet had 0,45% aP with dicalcium phosphate, (2) (?) control group diet had 0,13% aP without dicalcium phosphate, (3) (?) control diet + 500 FTU/kg phytase.The results were indicated that average body weight and feed intake were significantly (P<0,001) influenced by phytase addition and dietary aP level. Feed conversion ratios were not influenced by phytase addition, (+) control group was higher than other treatment groups (P<0,01).Carcass yield was not affected by dietary treatment. Liver and heart weights were affected (P<0,001) by phytase supplementation and dietary aP level. Spleen weight did not affected among treatment groups significantly.Serum iP, Ca and Mg concentrations were not influenced by phytase addition, iP concentration in (+) control group was higher than other treatment groups (P<0,001). Ca and Mg concentration in (+) control group was lower than (?) control and treatment groups(P<0,001 and P<0,01). Serum Zn concentration in (+) control group was lower than (?) control group significantly (P<0,05).Tibia weight and ash level were affected by dietary treatment significantly (P<0,001). P, Ca and Mg concentrations in tibia ash were not influenced. Zn concentration determined in ash was affected by dietary treatment significantly (P<0,001).Her iki fantomdaki ve bireysel olarak değerlendirilen 7 kist örneğinin T1 ve T2' si 1.5 T MR ile ölçülmüştür. Diğer yandan çalışmamız kapsamında 2. etapta toplanan kist (36 hasta) sıvılarından ayrı ayrı alınmış örnekler NMR ile karşılaştırma amaçlı olarak kullanılmıştır.Madde ve iyon ilave edilen ve MR ile değerlendirme yapılan grupta; değişik konsantrasyonlardaki her bir iyon ve madde için rölaksivite (T1 ve T2'yi uzatma etkinliği) değerleri saptandı. Kist sıvıların bireysel olarak değerlendirildiği, herhangi bir iyon ve madde ilavesinin yapılmadığı ve 36 örneğin NMR ile değerlendirildiği grupta T1 ve T2 istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı. Ayrıca MR da bireysel olarak incelen 7 örneğin MR T1 ve T2 değerleri karşılaştırıldı.Odontojen kistlere eklenen iyon ve maddelerin T1 ve T2 rölaksivitelerinin (RT1 ve RT2) oldukça farklı değerler aldığı görülmüştür. Kan hücresi içeren kistlerde rölaksiviteler daha da artmıştır. Yani kan hücresi içeren kist sıvılarına ilave edilen iyon ve organik maddelerin odontojen kistlere oranla çok daha etkili T1 ve T2 kısaltıcıları oldukları belirlenmiştir. Eklenen maddelerinin tümünün, kan hücresi içeren kistlerin durulmalarını odontojenik kistlerinkine oranla daha etkili değiştirdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu bulguların ışığında, kan hücrelerinin varlığının T1 ve T2' yi kısaltma etkinliğini arttırdığı söylenebilir. Ayrıca kist sıvılarına eklenen madde ya da iyonların kist sıvılarının T2'sini T1'ine göre daha etkili kısalttığı saptanmıştır.Diğer yandan, enfekte olmayan kistlerin NMR 1/T1 ve 1/T2'değerleri enfekte ve kan hücresi içeren kistlerin 1/T1 ve 1/T2'sinden oldukça faklıdır (p<0.05). Benzer şekilde ameloblastomanın hem MR hem de NMR 1/T1 ve 1/T2 değerleri diğer kistlerin 1/T1 ve 1/T2 değerlerinden farklı olarak bulunmuştur.Sonuç olarak T2 rölaksivitelerinin T1 rölaksivitesinden büyük çıkması, T2'nin kist tanısı için daha iyi bir parametre olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Kistlere eklenen madde ve iyonların durulma zamanlarını kısaltma yeteneğinin kan hücreleri tarafından güçlendirilmesi T1 ve T2 ölçümlerinin kan hücresi içeren kistleri odontojen kan hücresi içermeyen kistlerden ayırma potansiyeli taşıdığını göstermektedir. İstatistiksel değerlendirme MR ve NMR ölçümlerinin çeşitli kist gruplarını ayırma (tanı) yeteneğine sahip olduğunu göstermektedir.

Abstract:
In the oral and maxillofacial region there are some laboratory, hystopathological and radiological diagnosal tools like the other departments of medicine. The basic aim of these diagnosis methods is to facilitate the diagnosis and reveal the differential diagnosis. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro MR and in vitro NMR studies have become more attractive than conventional methods recently.In the light of recent development, our study?s aim is to determine the effects of in vivo and in vitro MR and in vitro NMR on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the cysts. The second aim of this work is to reveal the importance of NMR and MR T1 and T2 measurements in evaluation of jaw bone cysts and also our study?s results will shed light on future NMR and MR studies.In our study 62 samples (41 in odontogenic group and 21 in the other odontogenic group which contain blood cell.) were colleted from patients who applied our clinics. 62 samples were divided into 2 groups to prevent spoiling risk due to waiting process. In the first stage of study 26 samples were used to make cyst pool and then 36 samples were used in the second stage. One cyst pool was made by mixing odontogenic cysts, while a second cyst pool was made by mixing hemorrhagic cysts. The sets prepared by the addition of increasing concentrations of each of cholesterol, albumin, iron, copper and manganese to odontogenic pooled cysts were replaced in a plastic beher which was named as Phantom 1. Also, the sets prepared by the addition of increasing concentrations of each of albumin, ??globulin, iron and copper to hemorrhagic pooled cysts were replaced in a second plastic beher which was named as Phantom 2. The 7 cyst samples from the second group which contain sufficient volume were separated form other groups to make an evaluation on the natural cyst fluid and then this content was added in Phantom 2.Phantom 1, phantom 2 and 7 cyst content?s (which evaluated individually) T1 and T2 relaxivity time were measured by 1.5 T MR. In addition to this, the samples were collected separately form second stage cyst content (36 samples) and these samples used for comparison with NMR.In the group which is related to the addition of organic materials and ions and evaluated by MR, the 1/T1 and 1/T2 rates were fitted versus increasing concentrations of each ion or material added. Furthermore, in the group 2(no material and ion addition to samples, evaluated by separately and NMR, and contain 36) T1 In the oral and maxillofacial region there are some laboratory, hystopathological and radiological diagnosal tools like the other departments of medicine. The basic aim of these diagnosis methods is to facilitate the diagnosis and reveal the differential diagnosis. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro MR and in vitro NMR studies have become more attractive than conventional methods recently.In the light of recent development, our study?s aim is to determine the effects of in vivo and in vitro MR and in vitro NMR on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the cysts. The second aim of this work is to reveal the importance of NMR and MR T1 and T2 measurements in evaluation of jaw bone cysts and also our study?s results will shed light on future NMR and MR studies.In our study 62 samples (41 in odontogenic group and 21 in the other odontogenic group which contain blood cell.) were colleted from patients who applied our clinics. 62 samples were divided into 2 groups to prevent spoiling risk due to waiting process. In the first stage of study 26 samples were used to make cyst pool and then 36 samples were used in the second stage. One cyst pool was made by mixing odontogenic cysts, while a second cyst pool was made by mixing hemorrhagic cysts. The sets prepared by the addition of increasing concentrations of each of cholesterol, albumin, iron, copper and manganese to odontogenic pooled cysts were replaced in a plastic beher which was named as Phantom 1. Also, the sets prepared by the addition of increasing concentrations of each of albumin, ??globulin, iron and copper to hemorrhagic pooled cysts were replaced in a second plastic beher which was named as Phantom 2. The 7 cyst samples from the second group which contain sufficient volume were separated form other groups to make an evaluation on the natural cyst fluid and then this content was added in Phantom 2.Phantom 1, phantom 2 and 7 cyst content?s (which evaluated individually) T1 and T2 relaxivity time were measured by 1.5 T MR. In addition to this, the samples were collected separately form second stage cyst content (36 samples) and these samples used for comparison with NMR.In the group which is related to the addition of organic materials and ions and evaluated by MR, the 1/T1 and 1/T2 rates were fitted versus increasing concentrations of each ion or material added. Furthermore, in the group 2(no material and ion addition to samples, evaluated by separately and NMR, and contain 36) T1In the oral and maxillofacial region there are some laboratory, hystopathological and radiological diagnosal tools like the other departments of medicine. The basic aim of these diagnosis methods is to facilitate the diagnosis and reveal the differential diagnosis. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro MR and in vitro NMR studies have become more attractive than conventional methods recently.In the light of recent development, our study?s aim is to determine the effects of in vivo and in vitro MR and in vitro NMR on the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the cysts. The second aim of this work is to reveal the importance of NMR and MR T1 and T2 measurements in evaluation of jaw bone cysts and also our study?s results will shed light on future NMR and MR studies.In our study 62 samples (41 in odontogenic group and 21 in the other odontogenic group which contain blood cell.) were colleted from patients who applied our clinics. 62 samples were divided into 2 groups to prevent spoiling risk due to waiting process. In the first stage of study 26 samples were used to make cyst pool and then 36 samples were used in the second stage. One cyst pool was made by mixing odontogenic cysts, while a second cyst pool was made by mixing hemorrhagic cysts. The sets prepared by the addition of increasing concentrations of each of cholesterol, albumin, iron, copper and manganese to odontogenic pooled cysts were replaced in a plastic beher which was named as Phantom 1. Also, the sets prepared by the addition of increasing concentrations of each of albumin, ??globulin, iron and copper to hemorrhagic pooled cysts were replaced in a second plastic beher which was named as Phantom 2. The 7 cyst samples from the second group which contain sufficient volume were separated form other groups to make an evaluation on the natural cyst fluid and then this content was added in Phantom 2.Phantom 1, phantom 2 and 7 cyst content?s (which evaluated individually) T1 and T2 relaxivity time were measured by 1.5 T MR. In addition to this, the samples were collected separately form second stage cyst content (36 samples) and these samples used for comparison with NMR.In the group which is related to the addition of organic materials and ions and evaluated by MR, the 1/T1 and 1/T2 rates were fitted versus increasing concentrations of each ion or material added. Furthermore, in the group 2(no material and ion addition to samples, evaluated by separately and NMR, and contain 36) T1and T2 were compared by statistically and also 7 samples? (which is evaluated by MR) T1 and T2 values were compared.The RT1 and RT2 relaxivities of iron, copper, manganese, albumin and cholesterol in odontogen cysts were respectively observed for the different values. Relaxivities in the cyst which contain blood cells are higher than odontogenic cysts. Furthermore, It was found that the organic materials and ions added to hemorrhagic cysts are more effective T1 and T2 reducer than those added to odontogenic cysts. All material and ions added reduce the relaxation times of hemorrhagic cysts more effectively than those of odontogenic cysts. This means that the presence of blood cells increases the influence of ions and materials for reducing T1 and T2.However non-infected cysts? NMR, 1/T1 and 1/T2 values are quite different than infected cysts which contain blood cell. In the similar way, ameloblastomas? MR, NMR, 1/T1 and 1/T2 values are different from the other cysts.In conclusion, relatively higher T2 relaxivities than T1 suggest that T2 is more convenient parameters for the diagnosis of the cysts. The increase in the ability of the ions and organic materials to decraese relaxation rates that is caused by blood cells implies that T1 and T2 measurements have a potential to diferentiate hemorrhagic cysts from odontogenic ones. Statistical evaluation suggests that MR and NMR T1 and T2 measurements have an ability to differentiate various cyst groups.