X-ışını toz kırınım metodu ile üriner sistem taşlarının nitel analizi ve sitrik asitin kristal yapı incelemesi
Qualitative analysis of urinary stones with x-ray powder diffraction method and crystal structure of citric acid
Yazar: ARMAĞAN CANER
Danışman: PROF. DR. MEHMET AKKURT
Erciyes Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Fizik Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2005
Konu: Fizik ve Fizik Mühendisliği = Physics and Physics Engineering
Dizin: Toz kırınım tekniği = Powder diffraction technique ; Üriner taşlar = Urinary calculi

Özet:
Tezin ilk kisminda, Erciyes Üniversitesi Teknoloji ve Arastirma Merkezinde bulunanBruker AxsD8 Advence marka X isini toz difraktometresi kullanilarak 20 farklihastadan alinan 19 böbrek, 1 mesane taslarinin toz kirinim desenleri alindi. Her birkirinim deseni 5-90o `lik 2? açi araliginda 0,02o/sn tarama hizi ile alindi. Taslarin analiziDiffrac Plus EVA bilgisayar programi kullanilarak Hanawalt metoduna göre yapildi.Analiz sonucunda taslarda; Whewellite, Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate Hydrate,Struvite, Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hydrate, Rubidium Titanium OxidePhosphate, Whitlockite, Potassium Calcium Fluoride, Calcium Magnesium HydrogenPhosphate, Calcium Phosphate, Potassium Calcium Fluoride bulundu. Ayrica Overlapprogrami kullanilarak yapilan islemlerin güvenilirligi test edildi.Tezin ikinci kisminda, limon tuzu olarak da bilinen sitrik asidin kirinim deseni BrukerAxsD8 Advence marka X isini toz difraktometresinde 0,006o/sn tarama hizinda alindi.Numunenin toz kirinim deseninden faydalanilarak TREOR90 ve DICVOL91 bilgisayarprogramlarin ile kristal sistemi ve birim hücre parametreleri bulundu. TREOR90programi sonucunda kristal sistemi orthorombik ve birim hücre parametreleri a=15.39Å,b=9.31Å, c=6.29Å a = b = g = 90° oldugu tespit edildi. DICVOL91 program sonucunagöre kristal sistemi ortorombik ve birim hücre parametreleri; a=15.39Å, b=9.31Å,c=6.29Å a = b = g = 90° olarak bulundu. Elde edilen bu sonuçlar Normdan ve Weldontarafindan tek kristal çalismasi için elde edilen a=15.39Å, b=9.318Å, c=6.290Åsonuçlari ile uyum içindedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Toz kirinim metodu, Nitel analiz, Üriner sistem taslari.

Abstract:
First part of this thesis, while Bruker AxsD8 Advance type of X ray powderdiffractometer were used at center of Research and Tecnology of Erciyes University , 19kidney, 1 bladder stones, which are taken from 20 different patients, were analyzed.Diffraction pattern of each sample was taken from 5 to 90o at the 2? range and 0.02o/sscanning rate. Qualitative analyses of stones were made by using Diffrac-Plus EVAcomputer program according to Hanawalt method. According to analysis result;Whewellite, Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate Hydrate, Phosphorus Sulfide, Struvite,Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate Hydrate, Weberite, Rubidium Titanium OxidePhosphate, Whitlockite, Sodium Scandium Germanium Oxide, Potassium CalciumFluoride, Calcium Magnesium Hydrogen Phosphate, Oxonium Vanadium Phosphate,Calcium Phosphate, Potassium Calcium Fluoride were found at stones. Besides,Overlap program was used and the reliability of process was tested.In the second part of this thesis, citric acid that is know lemon salt, were taken at BrukerAxsD8 Advance type of X ray powder diffractometer at 0.006o/s scanning rate usingpowder diffraction pattern of the sample, crystal lattice and unit cell parameters weredetermined with TEROR90 and DICVOL91 computer programs. Obtained results ofTEROR90 program were orthorhombic and unit cell parameters; a=15.39Å, b=9.31Å,c=6.29Å. a = b = g = 90° Obtained results of DICVOL91 program were orthorhombicand unit cell parameters; a=15.39Å, b=9.31Å, c=6.29Å a = b = g = 90° found. Thesecalculated results are comparable with the values of parameters a=15.39Å, b=9.318 Å,c=6.290 Å obtained by Normdan and WeldonKeywords : Powder diffraction method, Qualitative analysis, Urinary stones.