Türkiye'de imar planlamasında uygulama sorunları ve çözüm önerileri /
Yazar: GÜLER KOCA
Danışman: PROF. DR. YÜCEL ÜNAL
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Doktora, 1997
Konu: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning
Dizin: Kent planlama = Urban planning ; Kentleşme = Urbanization

Özet:
ÖZET Türkiye'de son yıllarda yaşanılan kentsel mekan ve çevresel alanlardaki bozulma, hızlı kentleşme olgusunun olumsuz bir boyutunu oluşturmaktadır. Kent merkezlerinin oluşmuş yerleşik dokusunun yerlerini giderek yüksek ve yoğun yapılara bırakması, kent çevrelerinin kalın bir gecekondu ve kaçak yapı kuşağıyla sarılması, kısıtlı bir kaynak olan toprağın bu biçimde hızla tüketilmesine yol açarak, özellikle kentsel alanlarda ciddi sorunlar yaşanılmasına neden olmaktadır. Ülkemizdeki fiziksel çevrenin sağlıklı ve düzenli gelişmesini sağlamak amacıyla uygulanan imar yasa ve yönetmelikleriyle bunların en etkin uygulama aracı olan imar planlarının ise bu hızlı değişim sürecine ayak uyduramadığı bilinen bir gerçektir. imar planlarının benimsemiş olduğu planlama yaklaşımının dar oluşu ve bunun yanısıra kendi yapısından kaynaklanan yetersizlikler yüzünden yaşanılan planlama- uygulama sorunlarının neler olduğu konusunda yapılan araştırmayı kapsayan bu çalışmanın, birinci bölümünde konuyu ele alıştaki amaçlar açıklanmaktadır. İkinci, üçüncü, dördüncü ve beşinci bölümler ise ülkemizde imar planlarının yapım ve uygulanmasında en çok karşılaşılan farklı uygulama sorunlarının neler olduklarını kapsamaktadır. Altıncı bölümde ise, Türkiye genelinde belediyeler ve şehir plancılarına bu konuda posta ile uygulanan anket soruşturması sonuçlarının bulgularına grafiklerle açıklamalı olarak yer verilmiştir. Araştırmadan çıkan sonuçlar ile amaçlara ulaşılabilmesi için geliştirilen çözüm önerilerine sonuç ve öneriler bölümünde değinilmektedir. XVIII

Abstract:
SUMMARY IMPLEMENTATION PROBLEMS IN CITY PLANNING & PROPOSALS FOR THE SOLUTION The deterioration of the urban space and environment in our cities is seen as a result of the rapid urbanisation experienced in the last thirty years. The present built environment which is the outcome of this process, affects the social life badly. Both the destruction of existing urban fabric (mostly pre-modern) and its replacement by high, dense constructions as well as by unhygenic and aesthetically failed squatter settlements consume the limited sources of urban land. This, in turn, proves how this present rapid transformation is rooted in the urban areas. On the one hand, city planning scheme which are major tool of spatial organisation in urban areas failed to adopt to the rapid development process. On the other hand, there is a serious insufficiency in providing healthy physical environment. Present city planning schemes cannot prevent illegal and disorganised formations in the cities due to its narrow view of planning approach and also insufficiency in its quality and applications. A new and flexible planning system is necessary because of the problems which are seen in the process of elaboration and implementation of the plans. However, it is obvious that to establish a new system and wait for its results will take rather a long time. But, the present situation requires for an immediate solution for the problem. XIXTherefore, this study aims to bring to light ongoing problems of the present city planning schemes and propose an appropriate solution to improve the situation. This thesis consists of six chapters, conclusion and proposals. Insufficient points for the implementation of the city plans are examined in four main titles. After the introduction, in the second part of the thesis, problems which occur during elaboration of the plans are investigated. This can be summarised as such :. Implementation problems caused by the ways of elaborating the plans.. Implementation problems caused by the lack of team work formed by various disciplines.. Implementation problems caused by not elaborating the plans in the settlement where the plan will be implemented.. Implementation problems caused by the plans which are elaborated for the settlements with less then 10 000 population.. Implementation problems caused by the standarts related to the plans.. Implementation problems caused by the existing situation map which are not updated.. Implementation problems caused by the one type of the research, subject and methods of city plans.. Implementation problems caused by long elaboration period. xx. Implementation problems caused by lack of alternatives for city development strategies.. Implementation problems caused by lack of consistency in the process of planning and practise.. Implementation problems caused by no obligations for taking care of the cadastral map. In the third chapter, implementation problems caused by the confusion of the plans and irrespective of hierarchy of them are mentioned. In this part implementation problems caused by lack of connection between the different levels of the plans, authority confusion on the plans and vagueness of the authority in the law are investigated. In the fourth chapter, implementation problems caused by the changes in the plans and their reasons are analysed. The changes in the city planning mostly are the results of political and individual advantages from which citizens do not benefit but the others. The fifth chapter consists of the problems in the implementation process of the plans that practioners meet daily. These are :. Problems caused by one type of reconstruction instructions. Problems caused by insufficient technical personal in the local governments. Problems caused by not applying the planning programs. Problems caused by insufficient penalties for informal applications. Problems caused by the expropriation procedure xxi. Problems caused by lack of public participation in the planning process.. Problems caused by insufficient monitoring for plotting. In the chapter six, a questionnarie is presented to exhibit the problems experienced due to the city planning applications in the country level. This questionnaire is applied to different groups : Local governments (or municipalities) and city planners. 427 questionnaire were sent to municipalities of different sizes. 175 of them were answered. Questionnaires were sent to 220 private and 80 public city planners; 105 of them were answered. In the questionnaires prepared for the municipalities 29 question and in the questionnaires for the city planners 38 question (apart from general information) were asked. For the evaluation of the results SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) packaged programme is used and the results are explained in the sixth chapter. In the conclusion chapter, the research, its results and the suggestions are presented. Accordingly, it is pointed out that there is an immediate need to change institutional structure of the planning to be able to solve the problems in the implementation of the plans. It is suggested that formation of regional organisations to assists the local governments in their planning and application efforts could be beneficial. XXIIIn addition, it is proposed that to revise and improve the existing planning system to have an applicable, and painless one would be more appropriate than to change the whole system completely. In relation to this possible changes, the legal dimension of the phenomenon are examined. XXIII