İstanbul Altunizade Külliyesi "Hamam ve Akaret Dükkanları" restorasyon projesi
The Bath and akaret buildings of the Altunizade Complex at Uskudar/İstanbul
Yazar: GÖZE ÖZKAN
Danışman: PROF. DR. AYŞE ZEYNEP AHUNBAY
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1991
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture
Dizin: Akaret dükkanları = Akaret shops ; Altunizade Külliyesi = Altunizade islamic-ottoman social complex ; Hamamlar = Baths ; Restorasyon = Restoration ; İstanbul = Istanbul

Özet:
ÖZET : Üsküdar Altunizade mahallesinde bulunan Altunizade Külliyesi, cami, hamam, akaret dükkanları, sıbyan mektebi, müezzin evi, imam evi, fırın, müezzin odası, kahvehane, menzil, köşk ve Çeşmeden oluşan yapılar topluluğudur. Külliye bugün varolmayan bir menzil etrafında gelişmiştir. Konak ise bu yapıların batısında ayrı olarak yapılmıştır. Külliye 1865 tarihinde ismail Zühtü Paşa tarafından, bölgenin gelişmesine yardımcı olmak ve hayır işlemek amacıyla yaptırılmıştır. 4O yıl önce çıkan bir yangından, külliye zarar görmüştür. Bugün mevcut olan yapılar; cami, hamam, sıbyan mektebi, müezzin evi, imam evi, bazı dükkanlar ve fırındır. Diğer yapıların planları ve yerleri hakkındaki bilgileri H. 1284/M. 1867 yılında zira ölçeği ile çizilen plandan elde etmekteyiz. Altunizade hamamında, iç ve dış nedenlerden dolayı bozulmalar olmuştur. Hamamın soyunmalığı bugün mevcut değildir. Sıcaklıktaki göbektaşı ve kurnalar da yokolmuştur. Restorasyon projemizle yapının kendisi ve çevresi için uygun bir işlevin verilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Hamam bugün kullanılmamaktadır. Akaret dükkanları ise Vakıflar İstanbul Bölge Müdürlüğü tarafından konut olarak kiraya verilmiştir. Müezzin evi ve imam evi işlevini sürdürmektedir. Sıbyan mektebi konut olarak kullanılmaktadır. Konak bu yapıların karşısında bahçe içinde yer alır. Konak; selamlık ve haremlikten oluşmuştur. Selamlık kısmı yıkılmış olan yapının Harem kısmıda Nisan 1991 yılında STFA firması tarafından yıktırılmıştır. Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğüne ait olan külliye yapılarının harap durumdan, kullanılır hale getirilebilmesi için kapsamlı bir restorasyon çalışmasına gerek vardır.

Abstract:
SUMMARY, THE BATH AND AKARET BUILDINGS OF THE ALTUNIZADE COMPLEX AT USKUDAR/ ISTANBUL One can talk about the different architectural trends in Ottoman architecture in the 19th century. The reason for choosing The Altunizade Complex as the subject for this thesis was to have a better understanding of this development and to attract attention to this 19th century complex. The thesis is covers the historical development and architectural characteristics of this complex. By arranging a convenient relation between the complex and its environment, conditions which will help the complex to live for a long time will be provided. The project aims at reusing the buildings according to the needs of the ne i ghborhood. j, Altunizade is a quarter of Üsküdar. It is situated on the eastern/Asiatic side of the Bosphorus and is connected with the other villages on this side of the city. The area has been innabited since the 11th century B.C. It has become a favorite resort during the 19th century. Today also, Altunizade is an important centre. The main highway which connects Asia to Europe, lends to several directions namely Altunizade, Üsküdar, Haydarpaşa, Küçük Camlıca and Büyük Çamlıca. The quarter has taken its name from the complex, which has been built by İsmail Zühtü Pasha, The Armenians requested to settle here during the reign of Sultan Abdulaziz (1861-1876). Their request was accepted but there were objections. Sultan wanted to keep his promise, so he ordered İsmail Zühtü Pasha to build a mosque there. The Armenian population had to settle in the ' area which is down the hill. The complex is surrounded by Kosuyolu Street on its southern side. Küçük Çamlıca Street on its western side and Ismail Pasha Road on its eastern and northern sides. The buildings, which bear the name of Altunizade tsmail Zühtü Pasha, have great importance in Turkish architecture as a whole. Altunizade İsmail Zühtü Pasha who was awealthy of the time was responsible for the construction of many buildings,. He wanted his buildings to be simple and to keep in line with the Ottoman style. Altunizade Ismail ZUhtii Pasha spent his wealth for establishing a wagf» a wants building a mosque, a fountain, a school, a public bath, a house for the priest (imam) and müezzin, houses for rent and shops, rooms (for the workst) in 1865. He died in his kiosk at Altunizade in 1887 at the age of eighty-five and was buried within the cemetery of his mosque. The buildings can be dated according to the inscriptions above the entrance to the mosque and on the gate of the courtyard.,The architecture of the other buildings also shows the characteristics of the same period. A site plan, which bears the date H. 1284/M. 1867 that is two years after the construction, is a fine document which provides us with the original plans of the buildings in the complex. The complex is built on an almost rectangular area. The entrances to.,' the mosque are from The Tophanelioglu and Küçük Çamlıca Streets. The coffee shop, which can be seen on the general location plan drawn in H.1284 as situated at the corner does not exist today. The mosque garden is surrounded by an iron fence. The other buildings are surrounded by thick walls, which start from the ablution fountain taps "of the mosque.The walls are constructed by rubble stone with timber beam courses Altunizade Kiosk is seperated from these buildings. Altunizade bath is not in use today. For a period, it was rented by The Istanbul Foundations Zone Dirocterate, it was used as a storage, place for lime. The second, Risers used it for storing. The building was f emptied according to the of the court Unfortunately, the shanty house decision, which has been built just beside the bath> still uses it for storage. Hammam is an important building of Turkish architecture. These could be built for the public and rich people seperately. Some hammams could be heaten by the help of the natural hot waters, which came from earth and some others could be heaten by fire. Hammam buildings have no symbolic meaning. They have an important place in life because of the need of cleaning. They could be built for the men and womenseperately "or could be used on certin days in the small places with less population. The hammams have frigidarium, tepidarium, caldarium and "külhan" parts. The frigidarium has a square plan and there is a "sedir" on a stone or wooden bench, which goes around the walls at a height of 1-1.20. This part is nor generally heated. There are also examples of hammams with timber frigidarium. Tepidarium is for the body, to accostum it to heat as passing to the hot part or to prevent to people to meet to could suddenly as passing to frigidarium. There is a "gobektasi" in the middle of the caldarium. Some ivans and "halvet" cells are taking place around that "gobektasi". The number of cells differs according to the dimensions of the hammarn and this plan shape. The bath consist of a frigidarium, a tepidarium and a caldarium. The frigidarium does not exist today. The entrance to the tepidarium is destroyed; a new timber door has been put for the time being. There is a marble platform on the northwestern side of the frigidarium, which can be reached by a few steps. The marble revetments of the walls are removed. In the original design the light entered the building, through the small glasses on the dome. There are broken, some of them have lost their shape> the plaster cornices have dropped off. Moistrue and plant growth can be seen on the walls, around the dome and on the vault. The plasters are mostly destroyed. Hot water tank is attached to the main building. Now it is possible, to enter inside the tank from a big hole which has been opened by tresspassers The furnace be love the hot water tank does not exist today. Caldorium has a square plan, but with the "halvet" (privet cells) at the corners the plan is converentd into a cross. The vestiges of the "gobektasi" (raised platform for message) can be seen at the center. It can be understood from these marks that it had a square plan with splayed corners. A total of nine Akaret shops for rent can be seen in the general location plan, six of them are on Koşuyolu Street, between the school and the bath. The rest are at the end of the complex, next to the house of the imam. "Hal vets", the "gobektasi", the basins, the doors, the steps, the hot water pipes and made a new opening on the water next to the hot water tank.The demend for houses, caused the construction of a lot new squatter houses around the bath. The main road, which is not far from the complex, changed this quiet neighborhood into a crowded noisy place. The frigidarium does* not exist today. The reason can be because of material used for construction. Moisture and heat changes caused the doors, of the tepidarium and caldarium to a detteriote quickly. After the analysis for the restitution of the Altunizade bath and Akaret shops, a proposal for restoration was prepared. The bath is considered in a great scale, with its environment. The criteria for a new function were examined and it was decided to use the bath as a coffee shop. Altunizade bath is located between a police station at the northwestern side, Altunizade mosque at the northern side, Marmara Hospital and house for the elderly at the western side and General Directorate of STFA at the southwestern side. The complex is in a commercial centre because of many office buildings. It is also shown as a commercial centre in the nplans of Istanbul Municipality. This quarter will become more and more crowded in the future. In this study, the residence at Koşuyolu Street are offered to be used with their own function because of their forms and environmental conditions. But the type of users should be changed. When the buildings were built, people were generally using "public baths" so there were no bath in those residences. In today's people's life styles "public baths" lost their importance and people want to have their baths in thier own residences. Together with it, the lack of rooms and the plans whisch are not suitable of today's people wishes, show that those buildings are nor suitable for a family's life. Although, they can't be used by bachelors who are the students and the teaching and research assistants of Marmara University and Marmara Hospital. So the shower equipments addition to the WC spaces will be the only change and the residences will be able to used with their original plans. The function given to those buildings by addmy shower equipments will minimum horm to give the original plan type of the building.These ruined buildings are in need urgent care, due to the information taken from The General Directorate of pious Foundations the bath is taken into their yearly program 1991, but there is no work being done yet.