Nükleer santrallerde meydana gelen atıklar ve zararları ile ilgili bilgi düzeyi ölçülmesi
Measurement of knowledge level of waste and damages i̇n nuclear power plants
Yazar: ALİ ATAŞ
Danışman: DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ MUHAMMET CANDAN
İstanbul Esenyurt Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2020
Konu: Nükleer Mühendislik = Nuclear Engineering
Dizin: Atıklar = Wastes ; Bilgi = Knowledge ; Bilgi düzeyi = Level of knowledge ; Enerji = Energy ; Nükleer enerji = Nuclear energy ; Nükleer santraller = Nuclear plants ; Radyoaktif madde = Radioactive matter

Özet:
In the 21st century, technology is progressing in a dizzying way, and
therefore the need for qualified manpower is constantly increasing. The need for
qualified employee power has also increased the value given to human and
Occupational Health and Safety, which is intertwined with many disciplines, is a
separate and independent science. OHS aims to explain the causes and
consequences of occupational accidents and occupational diseases, and the studies
and measures necessary for their absence, methods. The main purpose of OHS is to
ensure that all employees work in a healthier and more comfortable business life
with scientific and technical data. As OHS, like a living organism, is directly
affected by technological developments, it has to adapt itself to all innovations in
technology and renew it dynamically.
One of the basic needs of obtaining sufficient efficiency from our working
life and providing decent work opportunities is to create healthy and safe
workplaces. Working conditions in the world change over time and this change
constantly creates new risks in the field of OHS. The increase in the world
population, the mechanization and digitalization seen with technological
developments brings with it the limitations of job opportunities, and this creates the
unemployment problem. These developments make it difficult to solve the problems
existing in the field of OHS and also cause different kinds of problems. As can be
seen, occupational health and safety policies are a very dynamic area that must be
followed continuously.
Production methods are changing radically with industry 4.0, which is the
common denominator of information and information networks and defining new
technological systems. The reflections of these developments will affect working
life deeply in the upcoming period. Undoubtedly, this process will have important
repercussions on the field of OHS. Within this framework, studies should be carried
out to raise awareness regarding digitalization and industry 4.0.
Key Words : Occupational Health and Safety, Technology, Software

Abstract:
Energy is called the ability to do business briefly. In today's world, energy is
an indispensable resource. Human beings need energy for almost every work they
do. Energy is generally divided into two parts; renewable energy and non renewable
energy.
Today, energy resources are largely used in world countries. Examples of this
type of energy are wood, oil, natural gas, coal and nuclear energy. This is a result of
the use of energy resources both in Turkey and also occur very serious environmental
problems and global disasters in the world. At the beginning of these disasters,
damage to the layer of the bard, climatic changes and global warming come. The
reserves of non-renewable energy resources will be depleted in the near future. For
this reason, countries have to meet the energy they need from another country. This
situation also affects the economy of the countries seriously. On the other hand,
renewable energy sources are needed as an alternative to non-renewable energy
resources for the energy required to improve the countries' quality of life and
development of people. Renewable energy sources; geothermal energy, solar energy,
wind energy, hydraulic energy, tidal and wave energies are examples.
The world and particularly in the number of people who want to be unwilling
as the establishment of nuclear power plants in Turkey is very high. Nuclear power
plants have the advantage as well as disadvantages. The most important advantages
are the following three items. First, 24/7 energy can be produced regardless of
season, day or time. There is continuity here. Secondly ; as opposed to other energy
sources that do not renew, it is an environmentally sensitive energy resource. In
particular, it does not need to produce greenhouse gases and leave the settlements
where people are located. Finally, ta; high efficiency and low fuel costs, especially in
the production of electricity. 
There are also negative aspects of nuclear power plants. In particular, the cost
of building power plants is very high and some countries with weak economies can
not benefit from this type of energy source. The most striking point is; accidents
occurring in nuclear power plants. These accidents can have a serious bad effect on
the environment of the plant.
In this study, firstly information about energy types and nuclear energy was
given and the subjects about waste management, especially radioactive waste were
discussed. Then, the positive and negative effects of these power plants were
emphasized and the nuclear law was mentioned. Finally, information on the damage
to our environment and the prevention of these damages has been given in the clean
and environmentally friendly nuclear power plants.
In this study, it is emphasized that electrical energy, which is predicted to
be one of the future problems of Turkey and the world, will be supplied from nuclear
power plants. However, the damages to the environment caused by the wastes
occurring in nuclear power plants are very serious. Studies have been carried out on
the definition of these wastes.
In this section, the environmental impacts of nuclear power plants have
been studied. While no studies on the effectiveness and efficiency of nuclear energy
in our country, it does any nuclear power plant owned by Turkey.
In this context, although this study examines the harmful effects of nuclear
energy to the environment, this study has 8 chapters. In the first chapter, energy
resources and nuclear energy are discussed and renewable energy sources are
excluded. In addition, in this section, the wastes of the non-renewable energy sources
are treated briefly in the environmental damage. In the third chapter, waste
management and classification of waste are discussed and radioactive waste, which
is composed of nuclear power plants, is examined extensively.
As a result, in the fourth section, the management of radioactive wastes and general
information about these wastes are given and how to store and dispose of radioactive
wastes is discussed. Examples of how these wastes will be stored are given from
some countries. In the fifth chapter, the effects of nuclear power plants in terms of 
XIII
environment and society are examined and the damages to human and environment
are examined separately. In addition, how these effects are minimized is discussed in
this thesis. In the sixth part, the accidents in nuclear power plants and the results of
these accidents are examined. This section is based on the most important accidents
in Chernobyl and Fukishima nuclear power plants. İn the seventh part, the
questionnaire study, which takes into consideration the nuclear power plants of the
associate degree students and their positive and negative aspects, is taken. The
survey is in the form of an interview, and the answers given by the candidates to the
questions were given without changing briefly. And these answers are compared
with the results of some studies. In the last section, the results of this survey and the
topic of discussion are discussed.
Key Words: Energy, Nuclear Power Plants, Waste