İnsan ve görme duyusu gelişmiş hayvanların görme yollarının karşılaştırmalı anatomisi
Comparable anatomy of seeing tract of the animals with developed seeing sense and human
Yazar: İSMAİL MALKOÇ
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. ALİRIZA
Atatürk Üniversitesi / Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Anatomi Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Doktora, 2005
Konu: Morfoloji = Morphology

Özet:
IV ÖZET Çalışmamızda, insanlar ile görme duyusu gelişmiş hayvanlar olarak bilinen kurt ve kartal görme yollarına ait bulbus oculi, retina, n. opticus, chiasma opticum ve tractus opticus'un makroskopik, histolojik ve morfometrik olarak yapılan mukayese edildi. Çalışmamız beş insan kadavrası ile beş kurt ve beş kartal üzerinde yapıldı. Çalışmamızda yapmış olduğumuz makroskopik ölçümlerde bulbus oculi' nin vertikal çapı kartalda 31.33 mm, kurtta 24.84 mm ve insanda 24.54 mm olarak ölçüldü. Bulbus oculi'nin transvers çapı kartalda 33.08 mm, insanda 25.07 mm ve kurtta 24.69 mm olarak bulundu. Bulbus oculi'nin sagittal çapı ise kartalda 28.28 mm, insanda 24.85 mm ve kurtta 21.77 mm idi. N. opticus'un uzunluğu kurtta 55.08 mm, insanda 43.24 mm ve kartalda 7.68 mm olarak bulundu. N. opticus transvers çapı insanda 5.60 mm, kartalda 3.40 mm ve kurtta 2.87 mm olarak ölçüldü. N. opticus vertikal çapı ise inşânda 5.19 mm, kartalda 3.61 mm ve kurtta 3.17 mm olarak tespit edildi. Chiasma opttcum'un transvers çapı insanda 11.25 mm, kurtta 5.83 mm ve kartalda 4.36 mm olarak ölçüldü. Chiasma opttcum'un vertikal çapı ise kartalda 4.61 mm, insanda 3.83 mm ve kurtta 3.05 mm olarak bulundu. Tractus opticus'un transvers çapı insanda 3.88 mm, kurtta 3.74 mm ve kartalda 2.86 mm olarak ölçüldü. Tractus opticus vertikal çapı ise kartalda 3.39 mm, insanda 2.84 mm ve kurtta 1.58 mm olarak butundu. Histolojik incelemeler sonucunda fotoreseptör tabakasının kurtta, iç ve dış nükleer ile dış plexiform tabakaların ise insanda daha kalın olduğu butundu, insan ve kartal retinasındaki ganglion hücre sayılarının kurttan 2-3 kat daha fazla olduğu tespit edildi. Kartal ganglion hücrelerinin ise insana kıyasla 2-3 kat daha küçük olduğu bulundu. Kartal n. opticus, chiasma opticum ve tractus opticus'undaki sinir fasikül demetlerinin daha büyük ve sayısının az, dolayısıyla bu demetler içindeki sinir liflerinin daha fazla ve sık olduğu görüldü. İnsanda ise sinir fasikül demetlerinin sayısının fazla, fakat içindeki lif sayısının buna oranla daha az olduğu tespit edildi. Ayrıca kartaldaki sinir liflerinin kurt ve insana göre katın ve myetinli hücre sayısının daha fazla olduğu bulundu. Bu çalışma bilimsel araştırmalara yardımcı olmak amacıyla yapıldı. Anahtar kelimeler. Bulbus oculi, retina, nervus opticus, chiasma opticum, tractus opticus.

Abstract:
ABSTRACT COMPARABLE ANATOMY OF SEEING TRACT OF THE ANIMALS WITH DEVELOPED SEEING SENSE AND HUMAN In our study, humans were compared with wolf and eagle known as the animals, the sensation of sight have developed in terms bulbus oculi, retina, n. opticus, chiasma opticum and tractus opticus belonging to the tract of sight macroscopically, histological and morphometrically. Our study was carried on five human cadaver and five wolves and five eagles. In macroscopic measurements in our study, vertical diameter of bulbus oculi was measured as 31.33 mm the eagles, it was 24.84 mm in wolf, and it was 24.54 mm in human. Transvers diameter of bulbus oculi was 33.08 mm in the eagle, it was 25.07 mm in human and it was 24.69 mm in wolf. Sagittal diameter of bulbus oculi was 28.28 mm in eagle, and it was 24.85 mm in human, and it was 21.77 mm in wolf. The length of n. opticus was 55.08 mm in wolf, and it was 43.24 mm in human, and 7.68 mm in eagle. Transvers diameter of n. opticus was 5.60 mm in human, and it was 3.40 mm in eagle, and it was 2.87 mm in wolf. Vertical diameter of n. opticus was 5.19 mm in human and it was 3.61 in eagle and it was 3.17 in wolf. Transvers diameter of chiasma opticum was 1 1.25 mm in human, and it was 5.83 mm in wolf and 4.36 mm in the eagle. Vertical diameter of chiasma opticum was 4.61 mm in eagle, 3.83 mm in human and 3,05 mm in wolf. Transvers diameter of tractus opticus was 3.88 mm in human, and it was 3.74 mm in wolf and it was 2.86 mm in eagle. Vertical diameter of tractus opticus was 3.39 mm in eagle, and 2.84 mm in human and 1.58 mm in wolf. In the end of histologic examinations, it was found out that the layer of photoreceptor was thicker in wolf and that inner and outer plexiform layers were thicker in human. It was detected that the number of ganglion cell in human and eagles retina was two or three times more than. It was found out that ganglion cells of eagles became two-three times as small as human. It was observed that nerve fascicule beams in tractus opticus and chiasma opticum and n. opticus of eagle became bigger and the number of them was lower, so nerve fibers in these becams were more and more frequent. It was detected that nerve fascicule beams in human became lower. In addition, it was found out that nerve fibers in the eagle were thicker than those of human and wolf, and the number of myelinated cell were more. This study was carried out with the aim of contributing to scientific investigations. Key words: Bulbus oculi, retina, nervus opticus, chiasma opticum, tractus opticus.