Eğlence gürültü haritalarının hazırlanması:İstanbul Boğazı Kuruçeşme mevkii örneği
Noise mapping in recreational precinct:Istanbul Bosphorus Kuruçeşme district example
Yazar: MERVE BÖLÜKBAŞI
Danışman: PROF. DR. SEVTAP YILMAZ
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Çevre Kontrolü ve Yapı Teknoloji Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2012
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture
Dizin: Eğlence mekanları = Entertainment places ; Gürültü = Noise ; Gürültü analizi = Noise analysis ; Gürültü kirliliği = Noise pollution ; Rekreasyon = Recreation

Özet:
Gürültünün çevre kirliliği bağlamında ciddi bir problem olarak ele alınmaya başlanmasıyla birlikte gürültü kirliliğinin boyutları, etki alanı ve etkilediği kişi sayısının ortaya konulması için geliştirilen tahmin yöntemleri yardımıyla bir bölgedeki mevcut gürültü koşullarının coğrafi bir harita üzerinde gösterilmesi, gürültünün kontrol altına alınması açısından büyük fayda sağlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, ?gerçek çevrenin ve gürültü kaynaklarının sayısal ve görsel bir modelinin kurulması? olarak tanımlanabilecek gürültü haritalarında esas hedef arazi kullanımında stratejik planlama, eylem planlarının hazırlanması, yalıtım önlemlerinin geliştirilmesi gibi gürültü kontrol ve planlama çalışmaları için bir temel oluşturmaktır.Gürültü kirliliğinin günümüzde önemli bir alt başlığı olarak ele alınabilecek olan ve özellikle ilkbahar ve yaz dönemlerinde ağırlıklı olarak sahil kentlerindeki açık ve yarı açık eğlence mekanları ile yerleşim alanları yakınlarında konumlanan festival alanları, eğlence parkları gibi bölgelerden kaynaklanan eğlence gürültüsü toplum sağlığı ve huzuru açısından önemli bir problem teşkil etmektedir. Bu anlamda 2009 yılında hazırlanan eylem planına konu olan ve Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı tarafından eylem planı hazırlık sürecinde ölçüm ve değerlendirmelerin gerçekleştirildiği, İstanbul Beşiktaş mevkii Kuruçeşme ve Ortaköy mahallelerinde yer alan Anjelique, Reina, Sortie, Sapphire bosphorus ve Kuruçeşme Arena gibi eğlence mekanlarının neden olduğu eğlence gürültüsü hem Avrupa hem de Anadolu yakasında yaşayan halkın şikayetlerinde odak noktası olmaktadır. Bölgede yapılan gürültü haritalama çalışması ile gürültünün etki alanları ve etkilenen nüfusu belirleyip mevcut problemleri ortaya koyarak önlemlerin alınması ve ileride karşılaşabilinecek sorunların da engellenmesi sağlanacaktır.Yapılan çalışmada, eğlence gürültüsünün haritalanması teorik olarak incelenmiş ve işletmelerin neden olduğu eğlence gürültüsü kapsamında örneklenmiştir. Öncelikli olarak gürültünün açık havada yayılması ve dış faktörlerin etkileri tariflenmiş, sonrasında Dünya, Avrupa Birliği ve Türkiye kapsamında eğlence gürültüsünün değerlendirilmesi ve yönetilmesine ilişkin çalışmalarla ilgili olarak mevzuatlar incelenmiş ve dünyada eğlence gürültüsünün haritalanması üzerine yapılmış olan örnek çalışmalar sunulmuştur. Eğlence gürültüsünün karakteristik özellikleri ve çalışma alanı olarak seçilen bölgede yer alan işletmelerin gürültü kaynağı olarak özellikleri incelenmiş ve Çevre ve Orman Bakanlığı'nın 13.06.2008 tarihinde bölgede yapmış olduğu değerlendirme sonuçlarında yer alan kaynak değerleri ve bu değerlerden yola çıkılarak kombine edilen alt ve üst sınır değerler belirlenerek dört farklı değerlendirme grubu oluşturularak eğlence gürültüsü haritalama çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Abstract:
Noise pollution along with all its dimensions,with the context of environmental pollution, is started to taken as a serious problem in last couple of decades. To define the impact area and the number of affected people, there are some methods improved. With these estimation methods, noise conditions in a specific area can be calculated and shown on a geographical map. This is an important step to create a quantitative and visual model of the real environment and the real noise sourses. Main objective of the noise maps is to create a solid base for noise control and planning the work with the way such as developing proper and strategical estate planning, preparing action plans and developing the proper insulation solutions for specific conditions.An important sub-heading of noise pollution, caused by mainly coastal cities, especially during spring and summer outdoor and semi-open areas of the festival entertainment venues situated close to residential areas, areas such as amusement parks, the recreational noise represents an important problem for public health and welfare. In this sense, the action plan, prepared in 2009 by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, is the subject of measurement and evaluation carried out during the preparation process has shown the people living in both Europe and the Anatolian side of the Bosphorus focus of complaints of entertainment noise caused by the business enterprises in Kuruçeşme and Ortaköy neighborhoods in the locality. With the noise mapping exercise in this specific region the affected population and existing problems will be defined and by introducing these measures prevention of future problems will also be provided.'Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise Regulations? which is prepared by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry in the process of harmonization of European Union, came into force in July 2005 and renewed in the final version on April 27, 2011 contains that until June 2013 in accordance with the resident population of two hundred fifty thousand and until June 2018 in accordance with the resident population of one hundred thousand passed strategic noise mapping in urban areas has to be done and should be renewed every five years. According to the Regulation the same residential area noise maps will be prepared for road, rail, air traffic noise and harbors, industrial areas, entertainment venues and other businesses located in the workshop-factory-made for individual areas. According to Annex II section of the Regulation, with the limit values established by comparing the source maps are not adequate measures should be taken and the locations of all building elements in accordance with ISO standards for insulation measures should be taken.According to the "Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise," residential area, with a population of over one hundred thousand, which is considered urbanized area and population density of more than 1000 people per square kilometer and in this sense refers to the areas where the residential area which will be held in Istanbul for the noise mapping will be held in all districts, including urban population. Taken within the scope of work and complaints of Besiktas and Uskudar districts have more than 1000 people per square kilometer population density and population of more than one thousand two hundred and fifty to one hundred and fifty thousand landed in residential areas. Because of this the noise mapping for these areas must necessarily happen.The purpose of this study is the mapping of noise caused by the recreational business enterprises in Istanbul Besiktas coastal area and is showing the effects of the entertainment noise on the European and asian sides of Bosphorus. Determination of noise mapping is simulated using computer simulation program SoundPLAN with aimed at increasing the academic experience on the field.Mapping area as the first phase of the study area were determined. Loss of business caused by the influence of noise in determining the source of the field, and also determined the distance to be effective factors in the external environment. Accordingly, both the European and Asian side primarily complaints from residents living in the region which formed the main lines and the effect of distancing, meteorological factors, structuring, and the surrounding regions to create a barrier effect, taking into consideration such factors as the net effect of the sea surface reflectance has reached the limits. Removed from the reduction effect of the Bosphorus, approximately 2.6 km length of 1.45 km and an average width of the water caused by the surface is reduced and therefore the Anatolian side coastal areas experiencing discomfort caused by reflected noise. In response, the European side of the slope leading down to the beach property, neighborhood structure and Kuruçeşme state enterprises and the source of these regions are often covered with woods structures of the throat which is directed mainly because of the noise emission in both sides appear to be effective on the coast line and the Bosphorus. The influence of these factors in mapping area, the European side of the 2.81 km-long coastal line and the line width of 450 m area in the Anatolian side of the 2.55 km-long coastal line and the line through the area 300 meters wide with an average width of 1.45 km and formed by the Bosporus area approximately 2.6 km in length covers 5.1 km2 area.In the progress on the digital 1/5000 and 1/1000 scale maps in AutoCAD taken from the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, made adjustments to the existing data by extracting and arranged according to the data collected. After that, model creation and data entry processes were carried out in the SoundPLAN noise mapping program.Accordingly, the entertainment for the direct implementation of the stipulated noise standard does not exist, according to the Regulation and Management of Environmental Noise Assessment, ISO 9613:2-1996 standard method of industrial zones assessment was chosen for mapping.After the selection of assessment methods, geo-mapping study done by SoundPLAN in 5.1 km2 area of basic data processing data entry module was carried out. Within the limits set by the propagation area, the Metropolitan Municipality of the maps, terrain modeling was based on the elevations. For this reason, the maps in AutoCAD DXF format transferred SoundPLAN program, where the curves and digital ground elevation model (SZM) also calculated. Source, residential, commercial, official and auxiliary structures, locations, number of times, heights, sizes and SoundPLAN program compiled with the AutoCAD DXF format are transferred to locals and heights.In this context, the three-dimensional model, 5 for each source individually, collectively and in close proximity to five resource companies in groups 2 and 3 were calculated. According to the resource value of the group took place in 4 different accounts and Management of Environmental Noise Assessment of Annex VI to Regulation 4 m height from the floor by the Red Sea, and by performing in terms of Ln 50-54, 55-59, 60-64, 65-69, 70-74, > 75 intervals were affected by the estimated number of calm. Accordingly, the grid spacing of 10 m and 4 m in height maps, the results of the calculated noise map of the affected area, and building data are presented as the number of people affected.The noise mapping of entertainment found in the area are theoretically analyzed and the entertainment noise caused by enterprises such as Anjelique, Reina, Sortie, Sapphire and Kuruçeşme Arena exemplified. Primarily at the beginning of the study, the effects of noise and external factors, the spread was described in the open air described, after that, the world, the European Union and Turkey in relation to the work under the regulations for the management of entertainment noise assessment and noise mapping of entertainment over the world were examined and the case studies presented.From this context, in our country, as stated in the Environmental Noise Assessment and Management Regulations until June 2013 and June 2018 the resident population exceeds two hundred fifty thousand to one hundred thousand resident population exceeds, the noise maps have to be put in residential areas. According to this study selected as the study area and the entertainment section of the noise characteristics of the region as the source of the noise characteristics of firms in the region in 2008-2009 were examined and the noise measurement results are presented by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Mapping study and presented workis given to the preparatory process of the Ministry of Environment and Forests on 13.06.2008 resource values in the region and the results of assessments to be made on the basis of these values, the upper and lower limit values are determined by the combined evaluation of four different groups have been created. An evaluation of each group separately for each of the five business as a single source; Sortie with the Sapphire; Reina, Sortie in combination with the Sapphire and that is a combination of all resources noise maps computed and map the results are presented as numerical data and results of evaluation groups were compared.Noise mapping study in an area covering parts of the European and Asian sides approximately 53 508 inhabitants and 1720 houses located, and these sensitive areas was seen, according to the Evaluation and Management of Environmental Noise Directive, "noise-sensitive uses, with commercial structures and areas where houses are densely located" in the values of Ln 55 dB (a), pass cases, a significant portion of the population concluded that under the disturbing influence. Workspace of 5.1 km2, geographical features of atmospheric agents and consideration of all as a result of calculations performed in all active sources in the case of evaluation of the area of the population evaluation evaluation 2, 3, 4, respectively covers 86.9%,% 82.5, 42.4% of inhabitants are under effects of entertainment noise around the Bosphorus. Businesses that are active between the hours 05:00 to 23:00 due to the presence of approximately the level of background noise reduction effect gives rise to entertainment noise and makes it a serious problem for the region.