Günümüz tabiat felsefesinde bilim-felsefe-din ilişkisi
Relationship between science-philosophy-religion in contemporary philosophy of nature
Yazar: İSHAK ARSLAN
Danışman: PROF.DR. BEKİR KARLIĞA
Marmara Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı / Felsefe Tarihi Bilim Dalı
Derece: Doktora, 2007
Konu: Bilim ve Teknoloji = Science and Technology ; Din = Religion ; Felsefe = Philosophy
Dizin: Bilim = Science ; Din = Religion

Özet:
Gunumuz Tabiat Felsefesinde Bilim-Felsefe-Din IHgkisi" baslikli bu calisma, felsefe-biHmm genel anlamda tnsan, Tann ve Doga olarak ozetlenebilecek uc temel alamndan 'doga' (nature) kavrami esas almarak hazirlanmis, bu kavramm ozu, mahlyeti, dusunce tanhi boyunca gecirdigi donusum sureci izlenmis, bu venler isigmda gunumuz doga tasawurunun felsefe, bilim ve dm iligkisi acismdan yol actigi yem sonuclar tartisdmaya calisilmisttr. Altt ana bolumden olusan tezm kavramsal, yontemsel ve olgusal acidan mcelenen genel sonuclarma gore, gunumuz doga tasawuru; modern donemde biibirinden farkli, hatta zit olarak gorulen 'felsefe-bilim-din' alanlarmm glderek birbirine yaklastigmi, amaclan ve yontemlen farkk da olsa doga zemininde yeniden bulustuklanm ortaya koymustur.Izafiyet ve kuantum teonlenmn olaganustu sonuclarryla sekillenen gunumuz doga tasawuruna eglik eden zimni bilim felsefesi ise, pozitivizmm neredeyse dm halme getirerek yucelttigi 'mutlak bilim' degil, incelenen gerceklik parcasma, secilen teonye, gozlemcmm subjektif kosullarma ve esas alman aksiyomlar serine gore degisebilen, bu tur nispet noktalarmdan armdinldigmda anlamini kaybeden 'nisbi bilim'dir. Newtoncu dunya gorusunun sadece maddi unsurlarla aciklamaya calistigi determmist, sabit, surekli ve tek katmanli mutlak evren ise, nisbi bilimin tasvmnde itibarflesmis, (hypotetical) 'cok-katmanli' dinamik bir yapiya donusmustur. Gunumuz doga dusuncesi, msan-gozlemcmm yeniden onem kazandigi, rmkro ve makro olcekte belirsizliklerle kusatilmis bu dinamik yapinin, pozitivizmin dogayi anlama ve anlamlandirmada evrensel, biricik ve mutlak kabul ettigi Tbilimsel bilgi'nm dar kaliplanyla degil, ancak farkk bilgi turlermm de devreye girdigi butuncul bir bahs acisryla kavranabilecegmi ortaya koymustur.�

Abstract:
Th1S dissertation, which has the title "The relation of science, philosophy and religion m the contemporary philosophy of nature" is predicated on the concept of nature, which is one of the three basic fields of the philosophy of science: Human, God and Nature. The work deals with the essence and composition of the term 'nature' and its evolution in the history of thoughts. Based on this information the thesis tries to discuss the new results of the contemporary nature imagination from the philosophic, scientific and religious point-of-view. The dissertation is composed of six main parts. The methodological and factual analysis of the general results of the work show that the contemporary idea of nature has introduced a new understanding of the relation of philosophy, science and religion; which seem to be closer to each other and coming together on the basis of nature, even if their ob,ects and methods are different; while the understanding in modern (Newtoman) science shows these three divergent, moreover contrary.The extraordinary results of the quantum theory and the principle of relativity have formed the contemporary idea of nature, implicitly attended by the philosophy of science, not an 'absolute science', but a 'relative science' (nisbi bilim) which can change according to the specifically analyzed segment of reality, the preferred theory, the sub,ective condition of the observer or the set of axioms used and which loses its meaning when bowdlerized of a priori definitions. However the determimst, constant, continuous and smgle-dimensional absolute universe, which the Newtomst doctrme tries to describe by means of material components, has become hypothetical, and transformed to a multidimensional and dynamic construction. The contemporary idea of nature has exposed that this dynamic construction, which is enclaved by micro and macro scaled ambiguities and where the human observer becomes important again, can only be understood by a holistic perspective, taking different types of knowledge into consideration and not by the restrictive patterns of scientific knowledge which is considered as unique and absolute to understand nature and give a meaning to it.�