Ramalina farinacea (L.) ach. ve Usnea intermedia (A.Massal.) jatta likenlerinin antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri üzerine araştırmalar
The studies on antimicrobial activities of the lichens Ramalina farinacea (L.) ach. and Usnea intermedia (A.Massal.) jatta
Yazar: NESLİHAN ŞİRİN
Danışman: PROF. DR. BAŞARAN DÜLGER
Düzce Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2015
Konu: Biyoloji = Biology

Özet:
Bu çalışmada Bursa-Uludağ Milli Park civarından toplanan Ramalina farinacea ve Usnea intermedia  likenlerinin Soxhlet cihazında etanol ekstraksiyonları yapıldı. Bu ekstrelerden 25µL, 50µL ve 75µL alınarak disk difüzyon yöntemi ile Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580, Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25992, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 3699, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Yersinia pestis ATCC 19428 bakteri türleri ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida lipolytica ATCC 8660, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 4563, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 32045, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238,  Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9796 maya kültürlerine karşı antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri araştırıldı. Sonuçlar standart antifungal ve antibakteriyel antibiyotiklerle karşılaştırıldı ve kontrol olarak sadece çözücünün emdirildiği diskler kullanıldı. Bulgulara göre; Ramalina farinacea likeninin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivitesi Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028 türlerine karşı bulundu. Usnea intermedia likeninin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivitesi Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028 türlerinde ölçüldü. Liken türlerinin diğer tüm mikroorganizmalara karşı farklı seviyelerde antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdikleri saptandı.

Abstract:
In this study Ramalina farinacea and Usnea intermedia lichens which were collected from The National Park around Bursa-Uludag ethanol extractions were performed in the Soxhlet. By taking 25µL, 50µL and 75µL of the lichen extracts were investigated antimicrobial activity against the bacterial cultures; Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580,Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25992, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 3699, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Yersinia pestis ATCC 19428 and the yeast cultures; Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida lipolytica ATCC 8660, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 4563, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 32045, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238,  Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9796 with the disc diffusion method. The results were compared with standart antifungal and antibacterial antibiotics and as control was used the only solvent impregnated discs. According to the findings; the highest antimicrobial activity of Ramalina farinacea  was found against Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. The highest antimicrobial activity of Usnea intermedia was evaluated against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. Lichen species were determined to show at different levels of antimicrobial activity against all other microorganisms.