Türkiye de enerji kaynakları ve ithal kömürün yeri
Energy sources in Turkey and import coal
Yazar: MUSTAFA HAKAN SAFİ
Danışman: PROF. DR. RONA TURANLI
Marmara Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / İktisat Teorisi Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2007
Konu: Enerji = Energy

Özet:
Oneminden dolayt enerji, daima plan ve programlara stratejik bir girdiolarak dahil edilir. Ekonomik ve sosyal kalklnmayla uyumlu bir plan yapabilmekigin, enerji arz-talep dengesi dikkate altnmalld~rD. ahasl, enerji guvenilir, etkin vetnaliyet aqlstndan kabul edilebilir bir duzeyde olmaltdtr.Enerji'nin olugumundan buluguna, bulupndan tuketimine kadarulkemizde ve dunyamlzda ne kadar buyuk bir rol oynadlgt bilinmektedir.Elconomik, politik ve toplumsal aqtdan baktlglmlzda, enerjinin yeri qok buyuk veonemli bir yer kaplamaktadlr. Enerjinin hangi turii olursa olsun, buyuk vevazgegilmez bir unsur oldu& bellidir. Ancak yaptlan ara~tlrmalar, edinilenbilgiler ve tecrubeler dogrultusunda, komuriin yeri digerleriyle asla klyaslanamazdurumdadlr.Turkiye'nin enerji politikasl; ulke enerji ihtiyaclnln amadanan ekonomikbuyumeyi gergeklegtirecek sosyal kalklnma hamlelerini destekleyecek veyonlendirecek higimde zamanlnda, yeterli, guvenilir, ekonomik kogullarda vegevresel etki de goz onune altnarak kargtlanmaslnt saglayacak gekilde dizaynedilmelidir.Komurun gereksinimi ve dunyamlzda rezerv oranlnl degerlendirecekolursak, komur diger enerji kaynaklarma ktyasla petrol, dogal gaz ve komur en qoktalep edilen enerji kaynakland~r. Son ytllarda ulkemizde diger kaynaklara egilim,ozellikle dogalgaza olan gegi~in,k omuriin geqmige gore daha az talebine ve dahadu~uktu ketimine neden olacagl dugunulmektedir.Ancak diger enerji kaynaklarmtn rezerv oranlart komuriinkine klyaslagok daha duguktur. Jeotermal, gone?, riizgar, dalga gibi yenilenebilir enerjikaynaklarl gunumuzde ozellikle geligmig ulkelerin dillerinden hig dugurmediklerigevre kavraml ile iyi dost olmalarlna kargtn kendine ozgir enerji donugumsistemleri ile teknolojiler gerektirdiginden ayrtca konvansiyonel enerji kaynaklartkadar buyuk potansiyel sunmadiklartndan gereken ilgiyi pek gorememigtir.Dogalgazin komure kiyasla daha temiz kullanlm~ ve qevreye daha azemisyon vermesi, dogalgaza gegi~di aha uygun goriilmektedir. Ancak gelecek iqinyapilan planlamada, dogalgazrn miktar~ komurle klyaslanlnca gok daha dii~iikolmas~ gelecege baklgl degigtirmiStir. Komuriin qeweye verdigi kirlililc sivil veresmi orgutleri tetiklemi~,v e komuriin kullan~mig unden gune daha aza dii~ecegidugunulmektedir. Ancak komuriin dunyamlzdaki rezervi onemli boyutta oluncadu$inceler farkl~b ir boyut kazanm~~ya,p llan planlamalarda bunun kullanlminagereksinim daha dogru bulunmu~tur. Enerjinin daha dogru ve duzeyli kullan~mlve qevreye zarari asgariye dugurmek igin yapilan galigmalar son ylllarda sonugvermi~tir ve komuriin iyi kullanlmi ulkemizde ve dunyamlzda geli~mekaydetmi~tir.Bu nedenle son ylllarda qevre kirliligine verilen onemden kaynaklanankomure olan negatif baklg, alinan onlemler ve qal~~malasor nucunda notralizeolmug, hatta dunyanln gelecegine komuriin qok daha vazgeqilmez bir kaynakoldu& artik yadsinamaz bir boyut kazanm~~tir.Bir diger husus da, ozeliikle 1990'11 ylllarin ba~lndan beri durmanoktas~nag elen komur arama ve tespit qall~malar~nddae vletin hlz kazandirarakkonuyla ilgilenmesi ve aramalarln onunun aqilmasl bu qallgmalar yapdirkengerekli donanlm ve teknolojik ekipmanlarin temin edilmesi surekli geli~en vegloballe~en dunyamiz da qok onem kazanmaktadlr. Bu veriler 181glnda dogruyontemlerle, iligkili bilim dallarmln da koordineli olarak galigarak konularlndauzman ve bilgili personei yardlm~yla dogru sonuqlara ulag~lmalidrr.

Abstract:
Energy is directly involved in strategic plans and programsbecause of its significant role. Energy's supply-demand balance mustbe taken into consideration, for a useful economical and socialprogress. Furthermore, energy must be safe, effective and needed tohave an acceptable level of cost.Since the energy's formation to foundation and foundation toconsumption, its major role is known both in our country and in theworld. From the economical, political and social aspect, energy is soimportant and indispensable. However, the investigations andexperiences show that coal's importance can not be compared withother energy sources.Turkey's energy politics should be designed with respond toTurkey's energy necessity according to aimed economicalenlargement and social development movements that is supported bybeing on time, reliable and also afford the demand with theenvironmental affect.In the world when the ratio and necessity of coal turn intoaccount, oil, natural gas and coal are the most preferred onescompared to the other sources. In last years, tendency to the othersources than coal, especially grow of the usage of natural gas will beconsider the decrease of consumption and so demand on coal.Another point on this subject is, the coal reserve is much more inamount compared to other energy source's reserves. Although thedeveloped countries attached importance on geothermal, sun, windand wave energy sources which are renewable and harmless for theenvironment, the peculiar system needed and their failure of puttingforward the potential of conventional energy sources let them not tohave the required interest.Natural gas seems more appropriate because it is cleaner than thecoal while using and the emission is less than the coal but future planshave changed, according to the reason that the amount of natural gasis extremely less than the coal's amount. The dirtiness of coaltriggered by the civil and official organizations, in spite of decrease inusage of coal, the decision is to continue lo use the coal when theamount of it taken into account. The studies on using this energyaccurately and systematically resulted in preventing the environment.Also this type of usage of coal has grown up both in our country andworld.Because of this reason, the negative impression of dirtiness ofcoal has changed and neutralized by the precautions and studies on it.Moreover, it is a fact that coal will be more indispensable source infuture of the world.Another matter is that, especially since 1990's the investigationof coal nearly came to an end in Turkey but the state speeded up thecoal searching and get interested on it, assuring the technologicalequipments which are getting importance in our globalizing world.Under the light of these data, with right choice of methods andworking with related science branches in coordination and with helpof well-informed staff, it will be easy and comfortable to reach theproper conclusions.