Çocuklarda kas içi enjeksiyon uygulaması sırasında oluşan ağrıyı azaltmada iki farklı dokunsal uyaran yönteminin etkisi
Effects of two different tactile stimulus methods on pain relief in children during intramuscular injections
Yazar: MÜRŞİDE ZENGİN
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. EMRİYE HİLAL YAYAN
İnönü Üniversitesi / Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Hemşirelik Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Doktora, 2020
Konu: Hemşirelik = Nursing
Dizin: Ağrı = Pain ; Dokunma = Touch ; Enjeksiyonlar = Injections ; Enjeksiyonlar-intravenöz = Injections-intravenous ; Hemşireler = Nurses ; Hemşirelik = Nursing ; Çocuklar = Children

Özet:
Amaç: Bu araştırma 7-10 yaş grubu çocuklarda ShotBlocker ve araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen Palm Stimulator uygulamasının kas içi enjeksiyon sırasında oluşan ağrıyı azaltmaya etkisini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.
Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma üç gruplu, randomize kontrollü ve deneysel tasarımda gerçekleştirilmiştir.  Araştırmanın evrenini Kahta Devlet Hastanesi acil servisine başvurup, kas içi enjeksiyon uygulanan, 7-10 yaş grubu çocuklar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Palm Stimulator (53), ShotBlocker (53) ve kontrol (53) gruplarına atanan toplam 159 çocuk oluşturmuştur. Araştırma Aralık 2018 – Şubat 2020 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Verilerin elde edilmesinde çocuk-ebeveyn bilgi formu, Çocuk Korku Ölçeği, Yüz İfadeleri Ağrı Ölçeği, Görsel Kıyaslama Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, varyans analizi testleri, ki-kare ve sınıf içi korelasyon testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Palm Stimulator grubunda bulunan çocukların, ebeveynlerin ve gözlemcinin değerlendirdikleri ağrı puan ortalamalarının ShotBlocker ve kontrol grubu puan ortalamalarından istatistiksel olarak önemli düzeyde düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Çocuk, ebeveyn ve gözlemci ağrı değerlendirme sonucunda ShotBlocker kullanımının ağrıyı azaltmada etkili olmadığı belirlenmiştir (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Kas içi enjeksiyon uygulaması sırasında Palm Stimulator kullanımının çocuklarda ağrıyı azaltmada etkili bir yöntem olduğu ancak ShotBlocker kullanımının ağrıyı azaltmada etkisiz olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelerin çocuklarda kas içi enjeksiyon uygulamasına bağlı ağrıyı azaltmada etkili ve yeni bir non-farmakolojik yöntem olarak Palm Stimulator kullanması önerilmektedir.

Abstract:
Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ShotBlocker and Palm Stimulator, developed by researchers, on reducing pain during intramuscular injections in 7-10 years old children.
Material and Method: The study was conducted with three groups using the randomized, controlled and experimental research design. The study population consists of 7-10 years old children who were admitted to Kahta State Hospital emergency service and administered an intramuscular injection. The study sample consisted of a total of 159 children, who were divided into the Palm Stimulator (53), ShotBlocker (53) and control (53) groups. The study was conducted between December 2018 and February 2020. Children-parent information form, Children's Fear Scale, Facial Pain Scale-Revised, and Visual Analog Scale were used for the data collection. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, chi-square and intraclass correlation tests were used for the evaluation of the data.
Results: The pain score averages assessed by the children, parents and the observer in the Palm Stimulator group were statistically significantly lower than the ShotBlocker and control group score averages (p<0.05). The use of ShotBlocker was found to be not effective in reducing pain as a result of the assessments by the children, parents and the observer (p>0.05).
Conclusion: It was found that the use of Palm Stimulator was effective in reducing pain in children but the use of ShotBlocker is ineffective in reducing pain during the administration of intramuscular injection. It is recommended for nurses to use Palm Stimulator as a new, non-pharmacological, effective method in reducing pain caused by the intramuscular injections in children.
Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of ShotBlocker and Palm Stimulator, developed by researchers, on reducing pain during intramuscular injections in 7-10 years old children.
Material and Method: The study was conducted with three groups using the randomized, controlled and experimental research design. The study population consists of 7-10 years old children who were admitted to Kahta State Hospital emergency service and administered an intramuscular injection. The study sample consisted of a total of 159 children, who were divided into the Palm Stimulator (53), ShotBlocker (53) and control (53) groups. The study was conducted between December 2018 and February 2020. Children-parent information form, Children's Fear Scale, Facial Pain Scale-Revised, and Visual Analog Scale were used for the data collection. Descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, chi-square and intraclass correlation tests were used for the evaluation of the data.
Results: The pain score averages assessed by the children, parents and the observer in the Palm Stimulator group were statistically significantly lower than the ShotBlocker and control group score averages (p<0.05). The use of ShotBlocker was found to be not effective in reducing pain as a result of the assessments by the children, parents and the observer (p>0.05).
Conclusion: It was found that the use of Palm Stimulator was effective in reducing pain in children but the use of ShotBlocker is ineffective in reducing pain during the administration of intramuscular injection. It is recommended for nurses to use Palm Stimulator as a new, non-pharmacological, effective method in reducing pain caused by the intramuscular injections in children.