Azerbaycan milli basınında Rusya Türklerinin siyasi ve kültürel birliği meselesi (1905–1907)
The Issue of the Political and Cultural Unity of Russian Turks according to Azerbaijan National Press (1905–1907)
Yazar: İLAHA KHANTAMİROVA
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. ŞAHİN DOĞAN
Akdeniz Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Doktora, 2023
Konu: Tarih = History

Özet:
Çarlık Rusyası'nın tarihi süreç içinde  Kafkasya, İdil-Ural, Türkistan ve Sibirya topraklarını sınırlarına dahil etmesi sonucunda 20. yüzyıla gelindiğinde İmparatorluk içinde sayıları otuz milyona varan türk soylu halkların meskun olduğunu görmekteyiz. 
Asırlar boyunca bütün zorluklara rağmen milli kimliklerini muhafaza etmeği başaran Rusya Türkleri 19. yüzyıl sonlarından itibaren kendi milli hakları uğrunda mücadele etmeğe başladılar. Bu mücadelede Türk halklarına önderlik eden aydınlar çoğunluk olarak yurtdışında eğitim gören şahıslardan oluşuyordu. Aydınların mücadele yöntemleri ilk başlarda özellikle basın yoluyla halkın milli şüurunun uyandırılmasına yönlendirilmişti. Bu anlamda edebiyat önemli bir araçtı.  Rusya'da 1905 yılı Ekim manifestosundan  sonra başlayan  ve 1907 yılına kadar devam edecek olan söz ve  basın özgürlüğü, bu aydınlara yayınlar yaparak fikirlerini birbirlerine ulaştırmak ve düşünce polemiğine girmelerini sağladı. Bu bağlamda Azerbaycan'da ünlü fikir adamları tarafından yayımlanan "Füyuzat", "Hayat", "İrşat", gibi dergi ve gazeteler de aynı gayeye hizmet eden önemli yayınlardandı. Özellikle, Türklük düşüncesi, milli meseleler gibi sorunların ele alındığı bu basın örneklerinde göz önünde olan konulardan biri de Rusya Türklerinin birlikte mücadele etmesi meselesiydi. Çarlık Rusyası'na karşı mücadelenin kolay olmayacağını anlayan bu aydınlar çözümü birlikte hareket etmekde görüyorlardı. Tabi ki, bu konuda da aydınlar arasında fikir ayrılıkları da mevcuttu. İşte, hazırlanacak olacak doktora tezinde bahs edilen dönem çerçevesinde Rusya Türklerinin siyasi ve kültürel birlik meseleleri Azerbaycan Milli Basınına göre incelenecektir.

Abstract:
In the progressive course of the history of civilizations, Russia, under the rule of Tzars, gradually merged the Caucasian, Idyll – Ural, Turkestani and Siberian lands into its territory, together with their residents of Turkic origin, a population of around thirty million by a holistic count across its borders at the verge of the 20th century.
The Turkish folk of Russia, having prospered in retaining their national identity despite the multi-centennial odds and caveats engendered by the persistent use of brute and political aggression by the central Imperial Government as a countermeasure, united under a common cause and started to struggle for their national rights from the late 19th century onwards. The steering group of resistance that master-minded and guided the fight consisted mostly of the dwelling intellectuals and scholars of estranged origin, in the early days of the struggle. These elites adopted community-wide awareness-raising campaigns in the prelude, to help neighbours sharing the same blood unleash their true nature, and with it, gain some self-confidence and respect to sum up in an unbreakable integrity for the nationalist movement to come. That's where literary arts came to foreplay, as the weapon of ultimate power. Word was spread among comrades from all around Russia of the freedom of speech and of press with the sparkle of the manifest of October 1905 that became of a wave avalanching the whole country before turning still in 1907. In this envelope, the elites of the defiance began to bolster and multiply their production of literature as much as humanly possible to reproduce, rephrase the very ideas on which the resistance stood and justify its fundamental motives and arguments, with growingly wider adoption by the community and enter a bit into polemics of thought in exchange of opinions between a select of non-colloquial authors. To this end, "Fuyuzat", "Hayat" or "Irshad" notably played a crucial role among the periodicals that filled the booksellers' benches of the time in reshaping the community into action in unison for defending and upholding the rights of its own, as works coming straightly from the most popular, celebrated doctrinaires and opinion leaders of its people. These particularly highlighted the thought and notion of Turkism centred around the idea of bearing the identity of Turk in a not so simplified yet straightforward language, discussed problems demanding national concern and, most noteworthy of all, gave an all-out call to the members of the Turk nation to mobilise to set and steer a rather organised and coordinated battle against Russia. The defiant elites overwhelmingly viewed consolidated action through mobilisation of lots in a united, coordinated body as the only way out for the struggle to succeed and its cause to become more admissible for the larger communities, on realising the difficulty of persevering in a meaningful battle for existence in Russia under the reign of Tzar monarchy. Quite predictably, disagreements and ideal conflicts did part the elites into factions among themselves as well in the ideological diversions, each relying on different arguments as to the exact form and manner of the final stand. This study, which is but a humble piece scholarly attempt of preparing an article worthy of notice for rewarding its author with a Doctor's Degree, shall lay focus on revelations of the Azerbaijani National Press during the period concerned with a view to discuss the challenges of the Russian Turkish communities in establishing and maintaining a political and cultural unity at the time of interest.