Geleneksel Türk konut mimarisi ve oluşturduğu kentsel doku
Traditional Turkish housing architecture and its texture forming characteristics
Yazar: ÖZLEM KAYGUSUZ
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. ORHAN HACIHASANOĞLU
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1993
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture
Dizin: Bursa = Bursa ; Edirne = Edirne ; Kent dokusu = Urban texture ; Konut mimarisi = Housing architecture ; Trabzon = Trabzon ; Türk evi = Turkish house ; Türk mimarisi = Turkish architecture

Özet:
Geleneksel Türk konutunun doku oluşturma özelliği konulu tez, doku oluşumunda fiziksel eleman olan Türk konutunun yöreden yöreye değişen biçimlenme özelliklerini ve bu özelliklerin yerleşim dokusunu ne şekilde etkilediğini incelemektedir. Ayrıca tez geçmişin deneylerinin yanlışlardan arınmış doğru, güzel yönlerinin bugünkü tasarımlara veri olabilecek özelliklerini ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamak tadır. Sonuçta ise anonim olarak adlandırdığımız mimarsız-mimarinin ne derece fonksiyonel ve estetik mekanlar yarattığını görmekteyiz. Tez beş bölümden oluşmaktadır ve her bölüm kendi içinde bölümlere ayrılmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, tezin konusu, konunun önemi ve güdülen amaç belirtilmektedir. Ayrıca tezin kapsamı ve izlenecek olan sistematik yöntemden kısaca söz edilmektedir. İkinci bölümde, geleneksel konut mimarisi, oluşturduğu kent dokusunun analizi ve kullanılma olanakları araştırılmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde, geleneksel konut mimarisinin doku oluşturma özellikleri, doku oluşumunu etkileyen faktörler, doku ve diğer Özelliklerin kent biçimlenmesine etkileri araştırılmaktadır. Dördüncü bölümde, Edirne, Bursa ve Trabzon yerleşmeleri üzerinde konut mimarisi ve kent dokusunun gelişme ve değişimi, üçüncü bölümde belirlenen sistem doğrultusunda açılımı ve tanıtımı yapıl maktadır. Beşinci bölümde, problemi çözmek için yapılan çalışmaların tanıtımı, eleştiriler yapılmakta ve çözümler çerçevesinde doku oluşu mu ve mimari yaklaşımların sınıflanması ile ulaşılan sonuçlar değerlendirilmektedir. Altıncı bölümde, tezin genel olarak sonuçları değerlendir meler, çözüm ve öneriler sunulmaktadır. VI

Abstract:
The subject of the thesis is the characteristic of forming tex ture of the traditional Turkish houses and it has explained the texture characteristics of traditional turkish house. It aims to determine the successful parts of the historical experience which will be data for today's planning. At the end of the research, we have obtained that the architecture without architects (Vernacular architecture) which we called an anonymous architecture create what a functional and est hetics spaces. In addition, it has been examined in the thesis the tex ture forming characteristics of the Turkish house changed from on place to another. Thesis consist of five parts. In the first part, the importan ce of the adjustment of the urban texture characteristics in contempo rary planning which is subject of the thesis, have been examined what is the importance of this subject? In order to provide the continuity of cultural heritage first of all we should preserve the civil architectu ral examples, which have very important architectural value. But it is not sufficient to preserve these examples point of view continuity of cultural heritage. While we've built today and yesterday we should remember "the past" and "the tradition" and adjust the "soul" of the past and old settlements to today's architecture with contemporary language. In order to analyse the traditional housing architecture and urban texture, first of all the characteristics of the traditional Tur kish house should be analysed. Therefore in the second part the gene ral characteristics of the traditional house have been mentioned. The dynamic streets, which have been formed with these traditional house, the districts, which have met the suprising space and the effec tive factor in urban establishment have been explained. The conflict situation at the present which is between social and cultural change and physical change in traditional settlements, have been explained. The studies, which is made to solve the problem, have been introdu ced according to their aims. In the third part, the characteristics of the forming texture vnof the traditional housing architecture, the factors which effect the forming texture and effects of the texture and the ether factors on the urban forming, have been explained. The civil architectural examp les we called, except official buildings and the other buildings have indicated regional characteristic. The factors which caused regional differences are climate, custom, economy and etnic. We can examine the factors in 3 parts which effect the forming of the urban texture, occured by traditional Turkish house. These are natural data, forming data, social and cultu ral structure. All these are separated different parts. NATURAL DATA Climate-natural environment. Northern Anatolia. Central Anatolia. South and southwest Anatolia - Aegean and West Anatolia - Mediterranean and South Anatolia. Southeast Anatolia. Eastern Anatolia. Topografy. Plateau-highland. Valley. Slope of a hill. Plain. Riverside settlements. Steppe FORMING DATA Settlement order. Linear. Grid iron plan. Organic order vinview Plan formation and space order. Without sofa. Exterior sofa. Inner sofa. Central sofa Material. Stone materials. Sun-dried brick. Wooden material Forming characteristics. Briitalist trends. Rationalist deduction shapes. Solutions with courtyard Regional characteristics from the external color point of Differences of the roof surface Slopping roof Flat roof Facade characteristics. Ratio in facade. Module in facade. Rhythm in facade. Symmetry in facade. Analyzing of the facade elements - Window - Door - Bay - Hayat - Balkony DCFloor number SOCIAL AND CULTURAL STRUCTURE Social and cultural characteristics. Life style and basic requirements. family structure. Religon. Privacy. Social relation. Aesthetics. Defence Social and economic characteristics In the fourth part, according to the system in the former, Edirne, Bursa and Trabzon have been examined. These cities are cho- osen since these are important cities in Ottoman Emphire and they have different settlement texture. Although organic order generally have been seen in this cities some districts have different settlement texture. The sourses of this differences are geogaphical and ethnical. In the fifth part, the studies which have been made to solve the problem, have been classified. One of them is theorical studies which generally include master and Ph.D. thesis. The other studies are applyed studies. Theorical studies have been analized in three parts. These are the studies which are belong to preserving, imaging and the connection between esthetich value of present and post. App lied studies are application in building scale, and in urban texture sca le. In this chapter this studies have been introduced. Being interested in these studies a table have been formed. This table includes the system which we formed in chapter three. We have obtained which data is important for the applications. In addition, five parsts also contains eritişim about applied studies. This part aims to obtain absence in these studies. In the sixth part, it is emphasis that traditional Turkish housing architecture and the settlement texture constituted by Tur kish house, can be adjusted to contemporary design and planning the solutions and suggestions about this subject have been offered as prin cipals for designers and planners the solution of the thesis is that the ! xeffect of traditional Turkish settlement texture can be appeared, only if we apply these textural characteristics to the horizontal settlements and a settlement at most three floors in contemporary design. XI