Gençlerdeki hazcılığa (hedonizm) psikolojik ve manevi yaklaşım
Psychological and moral approach to the hedonism at youngsters
Yazar: BERNA KESMEN
Danışman: PROF. DR. ÖZNUR ÖZDOĞAN
Ankara Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı / Din Psikolojisi Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2012
Konu: Din = Religion
Dizin: Din psikolojisi = Psychology of religion ; Gençler = Youngs ; Hedonizm = Hedonism

Özet:
Hedonizm dünyada hızla yayılmakta ve insanlık için risk oluşturmaktadır. Her eyleminde haz almayı ön planda tutan, kişisel ve toplumsal sorumluluk bilincinden yoksun bir genç nesil profili ile karşı karşıyayız. Hazza düşkünlük ve benmerkezcilik tehlikeli boyutlara doğru hızla ilerliyor. Bu çalışmada haz düşkünlüğünün (özellikle bedensel hazlara düşkünlük, ahlakî düşkünlük) kaygıdan kaçış için bilinçsizce geliştirilen psikolojik bir savunma mekanizması olduğunu göstermeyi amaçladık. Temel ihtiyaç ve sorumlulukları çerçevesinde insanı tanıtmaya çalıştık. Kaygılarının sebebini açıkladık ve ardından ?Kendini bil? meyi önerdik. Gençler din, değerler, edep ve ahlakın unutulmaya yüz tuttuğu bir dünyayla karşı karşıyalar. İstek ve arzuları sınır tanımıyor. Yüce Yaratıcı ile aralarına adeta psikolojik bir duvar örülmüş. İlahi rabıtası olmayan insan, nefs-i emmarenin meyilli olduğu maddi hazların esiri oluyor? Oysaki çağımızda, sorumluluk sahibi, çalışkan, açık fikirli, manevi dokusu sağlam, ruh asaletine sahip, verimli bir gençliğe ihtiyacımız var. Bu çalışma vasıtasıyla, dünyayı ve insanı Kur?an?dan hareketle tanıma ve anlama ihtiyacı duyan fakat içinin bu arzusundan bihaber kaygı içinde yaşayan gençlere ve ailelerine ışık tutabilmeyi ümit ediyoruz. Yaşanılan kaygıların tamamının aslında fani benliğin ruhun ezelde Rabbine vermiş olduğu sözü (kulluk sözü) hatırlamamasından ve nefsin kemâle ermeyişinden kaynaklandığını izah etmek istiyoruz.

Abstract:
Hedonism spreads rapidly in the world and poses a serious risk for humanity. We are faced with a young generation profile that prioritizes taking pleasure in everything and is devoid of the awareness of personal and social responsibility. Sensuality and egocentricism progress rapidly to hazardous dimensions. In this study we have aimed to point out that devotion to pleasure (especially sensuality, depravity) is a defense mechanism, developed for escaping from anxiety. We have tried to introduce the human being within the framework of his basic needs and responsibilities. We have explained the reason of his anxieties, and then advised him ?to know himself?. The youth grow up in an environment, where religion, values, decency, and morality are about to be forgotten. Their desires know no bounds. It is as if a psychological wall was put up between them and the Holy Creator.Just at this point we have wanted to divert our people from the darkness of worldly pleasures to the light of wisdom before it?s too late. We have wanted to introduce the morality of Islam, and subsequently to tell how we can experience Islam in the most accurate and the best way in practice. We have talked about the human truth, the human soul and the ranks of the human soul. We have introduced the concept of ?heva? (indecent, harmful desires, which are deemed a sin) to which ?nefs-i emmare? (the lowest rank of the human soul) is prone. We have explained the physiological and psychological grounds for obeying ?heva?. We have warned human beings against ?heva? within the framework of the Holy Koran and hadiths...131A human being, who is devoid of divine bond, is a captive of the desires. We said to them: it is possible to break free from captivity through ?knowing oneself? and ?being purified of bad character?.Psychologists, psychiatrists, sociologists, pedagogues, and theologists have to examine this syndrome both horizontally and within the framework of the vertical development model, put forward by the psychology of the human soul. As the society, we need to know the perfect human being and learn İslam Sufism, which is a discipline of behaviours and affairs. Despite the fact that psychologists put forward a good deal of new definitive information related to human behavior, they cannot indicate the opportunities and the methods about how a human being can attain high faculties and can put them into practice. Because on account of the fact that psychology is based on ?normal? and ?average? human behavior, which can be measured, as a criterion, it did not show concern for how an ideal human character will be formed and was not able to develop a relevant point of view. The objective of psychology is to define, estimate, and control human behavior. The tradition of basing theories on a quantitative and physical principle has drawn it away from being concerned about the transcendent dimension of the human being. However, what we need most in this age is a responsible, hard-working, open-minded, efficient youth with a tough moral fabric and a noble soul. Through this study, we hope to provide an insight for youngsters and their families, who need to understand the world and the human being within the framework of the Holy Koran; however who live in anxiety unaware of this inner desire. We want to explain that the endogenous pain and grief (anxiety) felt is in fact 132due to the fact that the human being has not remembered his spirit?s promise (worship promise) made to his God at the past eternity, and the soul has not reached perfection