İnsan haklarının felsefi temelleri: Doğal hukuk ve doğal haklar
Philosophical foundations of human rights: Natural law and natural rights
Yazar: CENNET USLU
Danışman: PROF.DR. MUSTAFA ERDOĞAN
Hacettepe Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Doktora, 2007
Konu: Felsefe = Philosophy ; Hukuk = Law ; Siyasal Bilimler = Political Science

Özet:
The aim of this thesis is to analyze T. S. Eliot's use of myths and legends in The WasteLand as the unifying principles and means of bringing order into the disordered, chaoticpostwar atmosphere of the early twentieth-century Europe.The early decades of the twentieth-century was a period of transition experiencing aclash between the established values of the previous century and the new trends andrapid changes of the following century. The First World War can be regarded as themost important historical event in the first quarter of the twentieth-century, consideringthe scale of the economical damage and human loss and the sudden crisis ofconsciousness that occured throughout Europe. Triggered by the First World War, rapidchanges in various fields tended to deconstruct the established norms, systems andbeliefs, both physical and spiritual, without offering any alternative. This created acumulative effect on modern man causing a sense of emptiness, a crisis of belief, and achaotic, fragmentary atmosphere, and total disorder throughout Europe. Eliot, in TheWaste Land, written in 1922, aims to give a postwar European panorama and to presentthe possibility of re-forming the postwar chaotic, fragmentary atmosphere of Europe, inthe early twentieth-century.Influenced by the introduction of new fields of science, such as anthropology andethnology at the turn of the twentieth-century, and thus, the recent changes in theunderstanding of past cultures and traditions, especially of myths and legends, Eliotbelieves in the reconstructive power of myths and past traditions. He chooses twoimportant works, Jessie Weston's From Ritual To Romance, and Frazer's The GoldenBough, as the main important sources of reference in The Waste Land. Eliot emphasizesthe function of myths and legends in bringing order, and alternative solutions to theuncertainties of the postwar period. Developing ?the mythical method? throughout TheWaste Land, Eliot alludes to many myths, legends and fertility rituals and draws aparallel between the contemporary and ancient worlds. He uses the Fisher King myth asthe main symbol for the sterility and spiritual dryness after the First World War. Eliot,observing the lack of order and erosion of traditional values in contemporary life afterthe First World War, and believing that civilizations need these common values to keeptheir people together, offers past traditions, especially myths and legends, as remedy forthe sterility and chaos of modern life. He, thus, re-constructs the modern reality throughmyths and legends in The Waste Land.Key WordsT. S. Eliot, The Waste Land, modernist poetry, myth, legend, fertility rituals, J. G.Frazer, The Golden Bough, Jessie Weston, From Ritual to Romance, the fisher kingmyth.

Abstract:
The subject of this study is natural law and natural rights approach, which is one of the philosophical fundamentals of human rights. The study primarily aims to manifest the basic philosophical understanding, method and concepts behind the approach. The approach claims that an objective and universal ethics indeed exists, which is immanent to human nature, explicable by reason, and the ultimate measure of value about human behavior. This universal ethics, called natural law is invoked to legitimize human rights as absolute, immune and inalienable natural rights.In the study, the relationship between the natural law and natural rights is observed through the differentiations of the objective and the subjective natural right schools in the first place. In understanding of the objective natural right, rights are legitimized as the framing limits of objective ethics to be more general and overall. In understanding of the subjective natural right on the other hand, the focus of the legitimization is on the natural rights of human beings, serving the purpose of the recognition that each individual has his/her own sovereignty over his/her self-body, self-life and properties. Secondly, the concepts of human nature and reason as the fundamental elements of the approach are discussed, again with an attempt to exhibit the opinions of two schools on the civil-political society and law. Finally, through an exemplification of two typical theories, contemporary forms of the objective and subjective natural rights schools and how they have been transformed over time in the contemporary political theory are studied.Key Wordshuman rights, natural rights, natural law, John Finnis, Robert Nozick, philosophical foundations of human rights, objective natural right, subjective natural right, human nature, reason.