Dini gruplarda musiki: Uşşakiyye tarikatı örneği
Dhikr rituals in Uşsakiyye sect
Yazar: CEMİLE DOĞAN
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. İBRAHİM YENEN
Kastamonu Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2022
Konu: Din = Religion ; Sosyoloji = Sociology
Dizin: Dini gruplar = Religious groups ; Dini müzik = Religious music ; Halvetiyye = Halvetiyye ; Müzik = Music ; Tarikatlar = Religious orders ; Uşşakilik = Ushakiyya ; Zikir = Mention ; İslami tarikatlar = Islamic religious orders

Özet:
İnsanın var oluşundan itibaren hayatın her aşamasında etkili olan ses; melodik özelliğiyle de musiki sanatı içerisinde oldukça dikkat çekicidir. Psikolojiden siyasete, edebiyattan-spora kadar birçok alanda etkili olan musiki, disiplinler arası çalışmalarda da kendisini güçlü bir şekilde ifade etmiştir. Kadim bir geçmişe sahip olan musiki, din ile birlikte insanoğlunun yaşamının her aşamasında varlığını göstermiştir. Bu sebeptendir ki ilahi dinlerle birlikte dünyanın her bir yerindeki inanışta musikinin yeri yadsınmaz bir hâl almıştır. Gerek ibadete çağırmada gerekse dini ritüellerde bireyi yahut grubu dinamik boyutta teşvik etme adına musiki her zaman kullanılagelmiştir. Kimi zaman insan sesleriyle kimi zaman da çalgılarla etkin bir rol oynayan musiki, tüm dinlerde olduğu gibi islam dini içerisinde de nüfuzunu hissettirmiştir. Bu çalışma ile yaratıcının anılması ve her an hatırlanması maksadıyla Yaradan'ın lafızlarını dile getiren, kişinin isyandan kurtulması anlamına gelen zikir ve bu zikirlerin Uşşaki tarikatındaki yansımalarının aktarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Zikirlerin ve dini ritüellerin belirli bir kural ve hissiyat çerçevesinde icra edildiği elzem ortamlardan birisi de tarikatlardır. İslam'ın içinde de dünyanın birçok yerine yayılmış ve ciddi oranda etkiye sahip olmuş 'yol' anlamındaki tarikatlar ortaya çıkmıştır. İslam'ın temel hükümleri olan ayet ve hadisleri merkeze alan, bireysel terbiye ve ilerlemelerde farklı metotlar kullanan bu tarikatlar musiki sanatı ile de sözel ya da çalgısal ifadelerde bulunmuşlardır. Hatta kimi tarikatlar musikiyi merkeze alarak dini ritüellerini gerçekleştirmektedir. Bunlardan akla ilk gelen mevlevilik olsa da halvetiyyelikte de musiki oldukça büyük bir öneme sahiptir. 14.yy da faaliyete geçen halvetiyye tarikatı Osmanlı Devleti'nde de yankı bulmuş ve günümüze kadar da faaliyetlerini sürdürmüştür. Araştırma, Halvetiyye tarikatının Ahmediyye şubesinin Cihangeriyye kolu olan Uşşakiyye tarikatının musiki yönü çerçevesinde, zikirlerini ve dini ayinlerini, hatta kullandıkları yöntemleri ve usulleri ele almaktadır. Bu bağlamda uşşakiliyeliğin dini ritüellerinden olan zikir ayinlerinin tahlili önem arz etmektedir.

Abstract:
Sound, which has been effective in every stage of life since the existence of man; It is quite remarkable in the art of music with its melodic feature. Music, which is influential in many fields from psychology to politics, from literature to sports, has also expressed itself strongly in interdisciplinary studies. Music, which has an ancient past, has shown its existence in every stage of human life along with religion. For this reason, music has become an undeniable place in belief all over the world, along with divine religions. Music has always been used to encourage the individual or group dynamically, both in calling to worship and in religious rituals. Music, which plays an active role sometimes with human voices and sometimes with instruments, has made its influence felt in Islam as in all religions. With this study, it is aimed to convey the dhikr, which expresses the words of the Creator in order to commemorate the Creator and to be remembered at all times, and to convey the reflections of these dhikrs in the Uşşaki sect. One of the essential environments where dhikr and religious rituals are performed within the framework of a certain rule and feeling is the sects. In Islam, sects in the meaning of 'the way' have emerged that have spread to many parts of the world and have had a serious influence. These sects, which center the verses and hadiths, which are the basic provisions of Islam, and use different methods in individual training and advancement, have also made verbal or instrumental expressions with the art of music. In fact, some sects carry out their religious rituals by putting music at the center. Although the first thing that comes to mind is Mevlevi, music has a great importance in Halvetiyye. The Halvetiyye sect, which started its activities in the 14th century, also resonated in the Ottoman Empire and continued its activities until today. The research deals with their dhikr and religious rites, even the methods and methods they use, within the framework of the musical direction of the Uşşakiyye sect, which is the Cihangeriyye branch of the Ahmadiyya branch of the Halvetiyye sect. In this context, it is important to analyze the dhikr rites, which is one of the religious rituals of ushakili.Sound, which has been effective in every stage of life since the existence of man; It is quite remarkable in the art of music with its melodic feature. Music, which is influential in many fields from psychology to politics, from literature to sports, has also expressed itself strongly in interdisciplinary studies. Music, which has an ancient past, has shown its existence in every stage of human life along with religion. For this reason, music has become an undeniable place in belief all over the world, along with divine religions. Music has always been used to encourage the individual or group dynamically, both in calling to worship and in religious rituals. Music, which plays an active role sometimes with human voices and sometimes with instruments, has made its influence felt in Islam as in all religions. With this study, it is aimed to convey the dhikr, which expresses the words of the Creator in order to commemorate the Creator and to be remembered at all times, and to convey the reflections of these dhikrs in the Uşşaki sect. One of the essential environments where dhikr and religious rituals are performed within the framework of a certain rule and feeling is the sects. In Islam, sects in the meaning of 'the way' have emerged that have spread to many parts of the world and have had a serious influence. These sects, which center the verses and hadiths, which are the basic provisions of Islam, and use different methods in individual training and advancement, have also made verbal or instrumental expressions with the art of music. In fact, some sects carry out their religious rituals by putting music at the center. Although the first thing that comes to mind is Mevlevi, music has a great importance in Halvetiyye. The Halvetiyye sect, which started its activities in the 14th century, also resonated in the Ottoman Empire and continued its activities until today. The research deals with their dhikr and religious rites, even the methods and methods they use, within the framework of the musical direction of the Uşşakiyye sect, which is the Cihangeriyye branch of the Ahmadiyya branch of the Halvetiyye sect. In this context, it is important to analyze the dhikr rites, which is one of the religious rituals of ushakili.