Nevzat Sayın konutlarının kural tabanlı üretimi için bir analiz modeli
An analysis model for rule based production of Nevzat Sayın housing
Yazar: RABİA KARAHAN
Danışman: PROF. DR. MERYEM BİRGÜL ÇOLAKOĞLU
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Bilişim Ana Bilim Dalı / Mimari Tasarımda Bilişim Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2019
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture

Özet:
Chomsky'nin 1950'lerde dil üzerine yaptığı çalışmalarında üretimsel dilbilgisi ve gramer kavramlarının ortaya çıkmasının ardından tasarım alanında da gramerler üretilmeye başlamıştır. Biçim gramerleri 1970'lerden bu yana bir tasarımın dilini analiz etmek ve kurallarını deşifre edebilmek için kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmalarda, bir kısım analizler yalnızca tasarım dilinin kurallarını deşifre edip onu yeniden üretmeyi amaçlarken, bir diğer kısım keşfedilen kurallara uygulanan transformasyon kurallarıyla yeni tasarımlar üretmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Biçimin analizi, kurallarla yeniden bir araya getirilmesi ve bitmiş bir biçime ulaşılması süreci kural tabanlı, üretken bir sistemdir. Çalışma kapsamında mimar Nevzat Sayın'ın konut mimarlığındaki özgün, yalın ve sade tasarım dilinin detaylarının keşfedilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
İlk bölümde çalışmanın konusundan, amaçlarından ve metodolojisinden kısaca bahsedilmektedir.
İkinci bölümde öncelikle dil ve mimari dil kavramı ele alınmış, kavramlar arasındaki ilişkiler, paralellikler tanımlanmıştır. Mimari dillerin detaylarının ve bileşenlerinin keşfine dair yapılan analiz çalışmalarında kullanılan kural tabanlı bir tasarım aracı olan biçim gramerleri konusu incelenmiştir. Biçim gramerinin detaylarından bahsedilen bu bölümde Sayın'ın da konutları inceleneceğinden dolayı literatüre girmiş önemli konut stil analiz çalışmaları tek tek ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışmalar arasında genellikle belli bir bölgeye has gelişen geleneksel konutlar analiz edildiği görülmekle beraber bir mimarın dili üzerine de değerli çalışmalar yapılmıştır.
Üçüncü bölümde Nevzat Sayın'ın konut tasarımları kural tabanlı bir tasarım aracı olan biçim gramerleri analiz yöntemiyle ele alınmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasında mimarın tasarım sürecinin deşifre edilmesi ve anlaşılmasında algoritmik ve kural tabanlı hesaplamalı tasarım aracı olan biçim gramerleri kullanılmıştır. Mimarın bugüne kadar ürettiği tasarımlarından derlenen tek katlı ve çift katlı tek aile tipi konutlar tek tek incelenmiş ve 24 konut için proje künyeleri oluşturulmuştur. Konutlarda öncelikle planların analizi yapılmış ve gramer kelimeleri tanımlanmıştır. Tanımlanan kelimeler arasında mekansal ilişkiler iki ayrı başlık altında belirlenmiştir. Bunlar; konumsal ilişki ve kullanım ilişkisidir. Yaşam alanı gramer elemanının tanımlanmasıyla başlayan kural seti diğer elemanların her birinin diğeriyle kurduğu ilişki tipine göre incelenmiş ve kategorize edilmiştir. Oluşturulan konut grameri ile mevcut plan şemalarının üretimi denenmiştir. Analiz bölümünde son olarak adım adım üretilen plan şemalarına farklı adımlar eklenerek yeni plan şemaları oluşturulmuştur.
Sonuç bölümünde, çalışma sonuçları değerlendirilmiş, Nevzat Sayın konut mimarisi gramerinin nasıl geliştirildiğine kısa değinilmiş ve elde edilen verilerle yapılabilecek gelecek senaryolarından bahsedilmiştir.

Abstract:
In 1950's Chomsky's studies on linguistic caused the emergence of productive grammar afterward it brought along the grammar concepts of design. Shape grammars have been used to analyse and uncover the rules of design since 1970 and have always been a part of architecture. Accepted shape grammars are used in most of the architectures' work discipline. In this studies, while some analysis only aim to uncover and reproduce the rules of design language, the others aim to produce new designs with transformation rules which applied on discovered rules of shape grammar properly. Shape analysis is a rule-based productive system that is a process of reintegration of rules then achieving a finished format. This study shows the discovery of unique, modest and simple design language details of Architecture Nevzat Sayin's housing architecture.
In the first section, subject of the study, its purpose and methodology are briefly mentioned. Architectural design process, design language and shape grammar are mentioned then purpose and methodology of thesis are indicated. Secondly, concept of grammar and architecture is elaborated, relations and analogy of concepts are defined primarily. Shape grammars which are rule-based designing tools, where used in analysis of architectural languages details and components, are researched.
In second section where details of shape grammar are mentioned, due to Sayin's housings are analysed, significant studies of housing style analysis which take place in literature are addressed individually. It is shown that developing traditional housing which belongs to significant area is analyzed as well as valuable work has done upon the grammar of an architect. Forming traditional civilian housing is started with place and structural element. For instance, sofa in Turkish house, elevated platform in Malay house and wellhole in Mecca house can be shown as the origin of architectural styling. The goal of this study is revealing Nevzat Sayin's housing language by analysing rule-based design methodologies of his housing with shape grammar method. In this regard, the common point of housings which are built in different areas independently is the design language of the architect who designed all of them. It is provided to discover diversity and patterns of the set of housing Sayin has designed. The importance of architect's decisions is investigated besides the settlement plan, the land and the profile of utilizer. Variables of architectural design are complicated. The solution of the relationship between variables are difficult and not linear. Sayin himself defines that his initial point of the project is complicated. While the language of the architect whose studies are analysed is changing and developing with time in some points, the study of acquired grammar datas will be a valuable source in terms of reflection of differences in use of his architectural language and how he has approached the shapes. The study shows the stylistic analysis and the syntatic systemization of Sayin's architectural language.
In the third section, the house designs produced by the architect to date are examined one by one. In the study where 24 different houses were examined in detail, single-storey and double-storey single family type files were obtained from NSMH and the office's own website. The project identities created by examining the project files received from NSMH provided an efficient starting ground for the analysis study. Within the scope of this study, some of the analyzed projects were built and some of them remained in the project stage. Projects are numbered from 1 to 24 and are mentioned in the thesis with these numbers. In the analysis, firstly the spaces in the housing architecture (abstract geometric forms), the relationships between these spaces and the grammatical elements are defined. The relationships between the identified elements were determined according to the formal ratio proportions. The relationship between each element was analyzed in two different ways as "Spatial Relationship and Usage Relationship". Spatial relationship; It is considered as a direct relationship or intersection between two spaces. The spatial relationships observed between the two spaces are those situations that are joined along an edge, join at a corner point, or intersect at part of an edge. The usable relationship describes the relationship between the transition and use of the two spaces. In usage relationships, 3 different types of topological relationships are used. These usage relationships appear to be provided by a circulation space, a third space, or directly through the transition of the two spaces. Rule definitions start with "living space". According to the shape analysis made in 24 houses, it was observed that the living area was rectangular. A rectangular living space is defined as the starting rule and and the rule is named "rule 0". The rule set, which begins with the definition of the living space, is categorized according to the type of relationship each of the elements establishes with the other. Apart from the spatial and usage relations between living space, kitchen, bathroom, room, stairs and entrance, gallery rule, two mass rules, storage rules and transition to the second floor are defined. In the residences, the gallery establishes two different relationships with two different elements and is located in the projects with the second floor. Storage areas are used with additional buildings such as guard house, caretaker structure. Storage element, which is finally added according to the need after the formation of the house, has the same dimensions as the intersecting edge. The rule of two separate masses was observed in Projects 5 and 17. Project 5 is a single-storey, Project 17 is a two-storey residence and due to this dual formation they have two separate entrances. In addition, while a roof was being use as a flat one in the projects that consist of two seperate masses, the other one was used as saddle roof. When construction of a house is being done in line with grammar rules finally, the definition of the first floor commences depending on two parameters. First, the projection of the ground floor plan scheme should be considered as reference to the first floor, then the position of the vertical circulation element on the ground floor should be taken into consideration. With the established construction grammer, production of the current plan scheme is tested. Rule set of the house no 7 and 16 is being defined step by step and real plans are being provided so as to compare with the produced plan schemes. In the analysis part as a last step, different steps were added to the produced plan schemes and new plan schemes were formed. In this production process, via addition of different rules or application of transformation rules, many new houses can be designed. This housing design will be a new one that is produced by taking Nevzat Sayın residential architecture as a reference. This work put forward an analysis model for the rules-based production of Nevzat Sayın residences.
Finally, via these design language researches, different possibilities and solutions are found out in the context of an architect's personal style. In this thesis, formal analysis method was applied and with the help of this analysis operational design knowledge was created. Designer is being presented an opportunity to better understand Nevzat Sayın architecture. Though it is an analysis method for the designer, a rule-based productive system can be obtained when Nevzat Sayın's relationship rules of housing architecture are defined to a computer. In the future scenarios of the study, it is possible to analyze whether the architects have designed the structures in different functions and scales and whether the parameters and relationships in the houses repeat. Language of the analyzed architect, although it is in a changing and developing process in some aspects, the obtained grammatical data has become an important source in terms of reflecting the differences in the use of residential architecture and how it considers the shapes. In conclusion, this study is an analysis model that defines the relationships between grammatical elements derived from residential spaces for rule based production of Nevzat Sayın houses.