Erenköy - Kozyatağı'nda Hüseyin Avni Paşa Köşkü restorasyonu
The Restoration of Hüseyin Avni Paşa Kiosk
Yazar: MELDA HANOĞLU
Danışman: PROF. DR. DOĞAN KUBAN
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1993
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture

Özet:
Türk evi yüzyıllar içinde, çeşitli aşamalardan geçmiş, sonunda İstanbul çevresinde son şeklini almıştır, İstanbul'un neredeyse bütün semtlerinde kendine özgü bir karakter yakalayarak, İstanbul'un fiziksel kişiliğinin temel öğelerinden biri olmuştur. 19. ve 20. yüzyıl başından bu yana, dünyada başlayan teknolojik gelişmeler ve sosyal değişmeler, ülkemizde de kendini göstermeye başlamıştır. Toplumumuzda aile kavramı değişmiş; büyük aile, çekirdek aile haline gelirken konutlarda da oda sayısında azalma görülmüştür. inşaat teknik ve malzemeler, ekonomik nedenlerle değişmiş, ahşap yapım sistemleri uygulanırlığını yitirmiştir. Ahşap köşk ve konaklar, birer-ikişer yok olmaya başlamış ve bu yok oluş son elli yıldır tam anlamıyla bir tarihi yağmalama haline gelmiştir. Tarihi, estetik ve kültürel belgeler günümüz istanbul'unda yaşamını sürdürmekte zorluk çekmek - tedi r. Boğaz'da ormanlar fonu üzerinde dizilmiş yalılardan; Kadıköy ve Bakırköy'de örnekleri görülen sıraevlere; Sü- 1eymaniye*deki görkemli konaklara; Erenköy ve çevresinde¬ ki sayfiye köşklerine kadar geniş bir perspektif gösteren bu yapıların sayısı her geçen gün biraz daha azalmakta¬ dır. Toplumun tarihi ve kültürel bilinçsizliği, tarihi bir olgu; bir kentsel doku oluşturan bu yapıların yok edilmelerine yol açan en önemli etkenlerden birisidir. Tez konusu olan Hüseyin Avni Paşa Köşkü, Erenköy-Koz- yatağındadır. Erenköy; Abdülaziz ve II. Abdülhamit dönemlerinde iskana açılarak sayfiye dinlenme yeri olarak önem kazanmış bir bölgedir. Geniş bağları, bahçeleri olan semtte, birbirinden güzel köşklerin yapımı 20. yüz¬ yıl başlarına kadar devam etmiştir. 1950"lerden itibaren gittikçe kalabalıklaşan şehir, buralara da taşmaya baş¬ lamış, özellikle 80'li yıllarda Erenköy-Kozyatağı beton bloklarla dolmuştur. Bağlardan bahçelerden geriye kalan tek-tük görkemli ağaçlar; taş duvar parçaları tuğla örülü bahçe kapıları, yıkılıp yeniden yapılmış, bahçeleri yeni bloklarla dolu köşkler ve arada yaşamaya çalışan çoğu terk edilmiş köşklerdir. Hüseyin Avni Paşa Köşkü 19. yüzyılda yapılmış sayfiye köşklerinden biridir. Uzun süredir terk edilmiş ve harap durumdadır. Bu tezin konusu, belirli bir doneme imzasını atmış; istanbul'da bir hayat biçimini yansıtan bu ahşap yapıların hala ayakta kalma savaşı veren bir örneğini koruma ve işlevlendirmedir. -vii_

Abstract:
After a long historical evolution, Turkish house found the final form in istanbul and vicinity. it was a primordial aspect of istanbul's lanscape. in the 19th and the 20th century social transformations and technological developments completely changed Turkish life. The family concept was slowly changed. The number of large families decreased. With the change of the family structure, spatial organisations of the traditional house has also been altered. The number of rooms was reduced. System of heating and modern amenities brought in radical changes in the spatial organisation of the house. Building techniques and materials were diversified and timber framed building systems were eventually abandoned. Timber mansions and houses became abselete for the public taste and were almost systematicallly deşt royed. in today's istanbul the traditional architecture hardly survives. The old residential tradition offers a wide typology f rom seaside residences of the Bosphorus, to magnificent mansions of Süleymaniye and summer residences around Kadıköy. The subject of this thesis is the restoration of Hüseyin Avni Paşa Kiosk, öne of the remaining summer residences on the Anatolian part of the city. it is located at Kozyatağı quarter of Erenköy which is a rather fashionable district After 1950 "s,increasing population directed to suburbia like Erenköy.Since the early 1980's, Erenkoy- Kozyatağı was invaded by concrete high-rise buildings. Masonry wall fragments, brick garden gates, gardens, very few mansions are the only remains of this famous residential area of the last years of the Empire. -viii-Hüseyin Avni Paşa Kiosk is one of the summer kiosks of the 19th century. It was abandoned for a long time ago to decade and it is in a hopeless case of deterioration. Restoration proposal for this kiosk aims to assign a new function to the building and to restore it with the still recognizable original details. In this study, the general characteristics of similar kiosks around Erenköy and their potential re-use are described. Historical development of vernacular architecture during the 18th and the 19th centuries is examined in the first chapter. These residences are strongly influenced by the western styles like Neo-Classical, Empire, Neo-Baroque infact by all kinds of of revivals. European influence first appeared at the beginning of the 18th century with some decorative elements. Turkish and foreign, minority architects and builders eventually created an eclectic style in which these styles with the addition of some elements of the traditional architecture were integrated. At the beginning mostly interior decoration was influenced by foreign patterns. Eventually by the end of the 18th century, the plan typology and facades were adopted to the foreign styles. The direct importations from the western styles sometimes mixed with traditional elements through the 19th century. The second chapter deals with the historical development of Erenköy and the residential architecture. Some examples are briefly described. Their planimet rical compositions and their styles are discussed. Hüseyin Avni Paşa Kiosk was built by the paşa who was an Ottoman politician. He was a prime-minister and governor of Bursa and Izmir during the reign of Abdulaziz. It has been claimed that he was instrumental in the dethroning of Abdulaziz. He has been killed by an officer who was a far relative of Abdulaziz, a few days after the death of the sultan. The third chapter describes Hüseyin Avni Paşa kiosk. The kiosk was erected in the second half of the 19th century and it was partially burnt in June 11th, 1991. It is located on Sahrayıcedi t -îçerenköy street. The kiosk has two stories. The ground floor is raised on a masonry base, 1.1 m higher from the earth. There are four rooms, two halls, one of them is the entrance hall, -? IXa bathroom with a toilet, a storage area under the stairs, a corridor. At the lower level (about 1.20 m below) there is a room and a toilet for the care-taker. The room has a different entrance from the street side (south-west ). At the upper storey, there is a large central hall, a balcony, three rooms, a toilet, a storage area and a terrace. Since the location of sofa determines the plan typology. This plan corresponds to the so-called inner-hall type. Since there is no kitchen and chimneys in the original plan, there should be annexes for the services or a larger mansion in the garden. Then this kiosk was probably a part of the main residence. The existence of the monumental portal indicates that there was a larger mansion in the garden. Unfortunately there is no evidence for the existence of this larger building. The facades are generally plain except the southeast facade (entrance). Especially at the supports of the balcony, and in other elements carefully executed wooden decoration is still visible. The structure of the building is described in the fourth chapter. The kiosk has a timber frame on a masonry base. The building covered with wooden sheets the floors are also timber. The wooden beams supported the timber floors. The ceilings are also in timber were painted and decorated with floral figures. The fire on July 11th, 1991 almost destroyed the timber frame of the roof. Only in the street side of the roof (south-west side) is still standing. At the reverse facade the remains of collapsed roof can be seen. The fifth chapter is an analysis of kiosk typology. The planimetrial peculiarities and spatial arrangements, facade design are discussed. The comparative examples are taken from the buildings given in the first and second chapter. They generally have symmetrical facades with central halls and a balcony or a projection above the entrance. Chapter 6 describes the types of deterioration and morphology These are as follows: 1- Deterioration and degrading by human causes 2- Structural deteriorations 3- Decay of building materialsThe 7th chapter deals with the reconstitution. As it was not possible to determine the exact date of construction and the history of the building, it was quite difficult to have a complete reconstitution. Therefore the attempts for reconstitution ahould be inductive. The lost details are drawn according to the existing symmetrical details. The photographs taken before the fire in march 1991, were helpfully used. Thus the burned and the collapsed ceilings and the roof are also well seen in the photos. The building was not in a good state of preservation even before the fire. The glass and the window frames of facades, timber linings, were partly destroyed before the fire. There are some later additions in the building like a little space that can not be entered behind the space 7 and the chimneys on the entrance facade. These elements were not the parts of the original building. The 8th chapter is about the restoration proposal. This proposal consists of both giving a new function and restoring the building. The kiosk offered as a clubhouse for social activities. The use maybe convenient for the conservation of the original plan. New interventions to the building such as the installation of the modern kitchen, sanitary equipments, electrical installations, central heating system were integrated. The building needs a careful restoration. The later additions should be removed and destroyed parts of the building such as the roof and ceilings of the upper storey will be reconstructed. The sequence of basic intervention are as follows: 1- Removing the destroyed parts 2- Removing and cleaning the preserved elements of decoration 3- Consolidation and the reconstruction of the timber frame 4_ Consolidation of the masonry base 3- Completing the wooden decorative elements S- Completing the interior decorative elements 7- Integration of the modern annexes (service equipments) with the building In conclusion it can be stated that the traditional residences can be assigned extended uses after restoration and rehabilitation as public buildings as well -y.i-as individual uses. These houses can function as public libraries, restaurants, clubs and so on, unless the original building is conserved as a historical document with their original fabrics. -xn -