Osmanlı tefsir geleneğinde ta?lika kültürü (?Mu?îdzâde Muhammed B. ?Abdu'l?azîz el-Mer?aşî'nin (983/1575) Naklu's-Sifârı: Ta?lîka ?alâ Mevâdi?i'l-Hilâf Beyne'z-Zemahşerî ve'l-Beydâvî adlı eseri)
?Ta?l?qa Genre in the Ottoman tafs?r tradition: Mu??dz?da Mu?ammad b. ?Abd al-?Az?z al-Dulq?dir? al-Bakt?t? al-Mar?ash? (983/1575) and his Naql al-Sif?r:Ta?l?qa ?al? Maw??i?i al-Khil?f bayna al- Zamakhshar? wa al- Bay??w??
Yazar: HASAN YÜCEL
Danışman: PROF. DR. MEHMET AKİF KOÇ
Ankara Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Temel İslam Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı / Tefsir Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2012
Konu: Din = Religion ; Tarih = History
Dizin: Dil bilim = Linguistics ; Mu`idzade Muhammed b. Abdu'l`aziz el-Mer`aşi = Mu`idzade Muhammed b. Abdu'l`aziz el-Mer`aşi ; Naklu's-Sifar = Naklu's-Sifar ; Osmanlı Dönemi = Ottoman Period ; Osmanlı tarihi = Ottoman history ; Ta'lik yazı = Ta'lik handwriting ; Tefsir = Commentary ; Zemahşeri = Zemahşeri ; İslamiyet = Islam

Özet:
Bu çalışmanın amacı ta ? lî?a kelimesinin semantik analizini yaparak Osmanlı Dönemi'nde nasıl anlaşıdığını tespit etmek, Osmanlı dönemine ait tefsirle ilgili bir yazma eseri tanıtarak gün yüzüne çıkarmak, Bey?âvî ve Zema ? şerî gibi tefsir tarihimiz için önem arzeden iki alimi farklı noktaları ile tanımak ve dönemin alimlerinin bıraktığı eserler gerekli ölçüde incelenmeden Osmanlı İlim anlayışına yönelitilen eleştirilerin ne öçüde haklı olduklarını bir örnek çerçevesinde de olsa değerlendirmektir.Araştırmanın önemi, konusu ve çalışmada izlenen yöntemle ilgili bilgiler giriş kısmında verilmiştir.Birinci bölümde ta ? lîka kelimesi dilbilimsel açıdan ele alınmış, anlam alanı oluşturulmaya çalışılarak sözlük ve terim anlamı üzerinde durulmuştur.İkinci bölümde incelenen eserin nüshalarının tanıtımına yer verilmiş, müelliflerin biyografileri kaleme alınmıştır. Mu ? îdzâde'nin hayatı, daha çok kendi şiirleriyle açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Daha sonra eserde ele alınan ayetler konu başlıkları halinde irdelenmiş ve Bey?âvî ile Zema ? şerî arasındaki tespit edilen farklar maddeler halinde sıralanmıştır.Sonuç başlığı altında ise araştırmada ulaşılan tespitlere kısaca yer verilmiştir.Neticede Osmanlı ilim dünyasının yeniden, fakat ilmî bir metodla incelenmesinin büyük önem taşıdığı görülmüştür.

Abstract:
?Ta?l?qa Genre in The Ottoman Tafs?r Tradition: Mu??dz?da Mu?ammad b. ?Abd al-?Az?z al-Dulq?dir? al-Bakt?t? al-Mar?ash? (983/1575) and his Naql al-Sif?r:Ta?l?qa ?al? Maw??i?i al-Khil?f bayna al- Zamakhshar? wa al- Bay??w??The purpose of this research is twofold. It first aims at studying the term ta?l?qa in the context of the Ottoman intellectual tradition and, then, at introducing a hitherto neglected manuscript work of the ta?l?qa genre, entitled Naql al-Sif?r, by Mu??dz?da Mu?ammad ibn ?Abd al-?Az?z al-Dulq?dir? al-Bakt?t? al-Mar?ash? (983/1575), which focuses on exegetical disagreements between al-Zamakhshar? (538/1144) and al-Bay??w? (685/1286), authors of the two most influential tafs?r works in the Ottoman realm. Studying a text like this one gives us a chance to make a little contribution to the discussions around the question whether the Ottoman thought was stagnant, pedantic or simply uninteresting.The study consists of an introduction and two chapters. The introductory chapter explains the topic chosen and importance thereof as well as the methods of the study and its sources. The first chapter deals with a lexical and semantic analysis of the word ta?l?qa and its use in multiple related senses as a term and a genre throughout history but especially during the Ottoman times and in the context of tafs?r studies.In the second chapter, the life of Mu??dz?da is documented, especially on some points relying on his autobiographical remarks and poetry found at the beginning of his still unedited Naql al-Sif?r. Then the three manuscript copies of the work that has been consulted are described. A detailed discussion about several Qur?anic verses that are dealt with in this relatively short ta?l?qa work follows these introductory sections. It has been observed that Mu??dz?da seems to have followed a strictly scholarly way to discuss the points of differences between al-Zamakhshar? and al-Bay??w?. Some of the debates are of explicit theological origin but mostly, it seems, the disagreements and arguments are about linguistic matters, which, on the other hand, often have theological implications. Although his own contributions to the discussions are limited, Mu??dz?da?s mastery over the intricate points of disagreements and the related literature is impressive. His style and methodology are evidently more academic than dogmatic. He is not afraid of criticizing his highly regarded predecessors when the occasion calls for it and not only does he not hesitate to declare what he thinks but also he seizes every opportunity to show off his intellectual abilities.This study does not prove that all the criticisms directed against the Ottoman intellectual world were wrong, and it does not aim at doing that, but it shows that it would not be correct to judge the Ottoman thought, including Ottoman tafs?r studies, without paying due attention to its intellectual products, whichever compositional and structural form they may have. This study in the example of a short tafs?r text, humbly called a ta?l?qa by its author, illustrates that Ottoman scholarly activities at least in the 16th century were not just pedantic and repetitive; rather there was a live and active tradition of discussion and argumentation that continued to build up. That these discussions took place in commentaries and marginal glosses rather than in independent works does not necessarily say anything about their intellectual levels and about their contributions to their respective fields.It is about time, therefore, to direct our attention to these commentaries, supercommentaries and marginal glosses of later times as no one will know what is in them if no one studies them. We should leave aside the old reductionist approach that dismisses these works as unoriginal works until they are fully studied. If we give them a chance, it is more than likely that we will get more than what we hope for as in the case of Mu??dz?da?s Naql al-Sif?r.