Kamusal mekanların akıllı kent mobilyaları kullanılarak düzenlenmesi üzerine bir öneri: Maltepe dolgu alanı Orhangazi Şehir Parkı örneği
A recommendation on the organization of public spaces by using smart city furniture: Example of Maltepe filling area Orhangazi City Park
Yazar: BURCU DEMİR
Danışman: PROF. DR. NURAN ZEREN GÜLERSOY
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Kentsel Tasarım Ana Bilim Dalı / Kentsel Tasarım Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2018
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture ; Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning
Dizin: Akıllı kentler = Smart cities

Özet:
Dünyada yaşanan hızlı kentleşme olgusu, değişen yaşam şartları, değişen toplum yapısı ve teknolojideki gelişmeler, kentlerin gelişimlerini ve değişimlerini etkilemektedir. Kentler bu gelişimin ve değişimin dışında kalmamak için gerek yönetimsel gerekse de vatandaşının ihtiyaçlarına yönelik yeni hizmetler ve uygulamalar yapmaktadır. 
''Kamusal mekanların akıllı kent mobilyaları kullanılarak düzenlenmesi üzerine bir öneri'' isimli bu tezde; bu konunun Dünya genelindeki ve Türkiye'deki önemi, gelişmeleri ve bu gelişmelerin kamusal mekana yansıdığı örnekler incelenmiştir. 
Bu çalışmanın amacı; tüm Dünya'da son yıllarda bilgi teknolojileri etkisiyle gelişen akıllı kent yaşamında, kentte yaşayanların sosyal yaşamlarının belirlenmesinde etkin rol oynayan kamusal mekanların en önemli elemanlarından olan akıllı kent mobilyalarının kullanılabilirliğini irdelemektir. Bu çalışma kapsamında Dünya'daki ve Türkiye'deki akıllı kent mobilyası uygulamalarının mevcut durumlarını araştırmak ve değerlendirmelerini yapmak; bu değerlendirmelere  göre de Türkiye'deki kamusal mekanlar için teknolojik değişim ve gelişim ürünü olan yeni akıllı kent mobilyası uygulama önerileri geliştirmek amaçlanmıştır.
Bu anlamda tez kapsamında; kentsel mekan ve kent mobilyası ilişkisi, kent mobilyalarının oluşum ve gelişim süreçleri, akıllı kent kavramı, Dünya'da ve Türkiye'de uygulanan ve planlanan akıllı kent çalışmaları, akıllı kentlerin etkisiyle oluşan akıllı kent mobilyası kavramı ve uygulamaları, kamusal mekan projelerinde akıllı kent mobilyalarının kullanımına ait Dünya'dan örnek projeler, kamusal mekan projelerinde akıllı kent mobilyalarının kullanımına yönelik bir düzenleme önerisi olarak Maltepe dolgu alanı Orhangazi Şehir Parkı incelemesi, sonuç ve öneriler kısmı yer almaktadır.
Günümüzde; kentleşme ve sosyal çevre üzerinde etkisi tartışılmaz olan akıllı kent mobilyalarının, Dünya'daki mevcut durumunu, yapılan uygulamaları ve örnekleri inceleyip, Türkiye'deki mevcut durumun analizinin yapılması, bu konuda yapılacak çalışmalarda da kullanılabilecek literatür araştırmalarıyla beraber, Türkiye'deki kamusal alanlarda kullanılabilecek akıllı kent mobilyaları ile kent içerisinde daha canlı, yaşayan, ihtiyaçlara cevap veren mekanlar kazandırmak ve Türkiye'deki akıllı şehirleşme çalışmalarına katkı sağlamak hedeflenmektedir.
Tez çalışmasının birinci bölümü olan giriş bölümünde; kentlerimizde değişen yaşam koşulları ve gelişen teknolojik etkiyle oluşan değişimden, bu değişimin insanların yaşamlarındaki etkilerinden ve oluşan ''akıllı kent''ve ''akıllı kent mobilyası'' kavramlarının öneminden bahsedilmiştir. Bu bölümde ayrıca araştırmanın kapsamı ve çalışma süresince izlenecek yöntemler anlatılmıştır.
İkinci bölümde kent mobilyaları kavramı üzerinde literatür çalışması yapılmış; kentsel mekan ve kent mobilyası ilişkisi, kent mobilyalarının oluşum ve gelişim süreçleri, tanımı, tarihçesi, kullanım alanları ele alınmıştır.
Üçüncü bölümde; gelişen teknoloji ve bilimsel değişimler sonucu oluşan akıllı kentler ve bu kavramın insanların yaşamlarındaki etkisi olan akıllı kent mobilyası kavramları ele alınmıştır. Akıllı kentler incelenirken; geleneksel kentlerin ve akıllı kentlerin karşılaştırılması, akıllı kenti oluşturan birimler, akıllı kentin yapı taşları, temel özellikleri ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Akıllı kent mobilyaları kavramı incelenirken; oluşum süreci, ihtiyaçlar ve kullanım alanları da ele alınmıştır.
Dördüncü bölümde; akıllı kent kavramının kamusal mekanlara yansıması sonucu oluşan akıllı kent uygulamaları ele alınmış, Dünya'daki ve Türkiye'deki örnek uygulamalar incelenmiştir.
Beşinci bölümde ise; İstanbul'un kamusal alanlarından olan Maltepe dolgu alanında yer alan Orhangazi Şehir Parkı'nın mevcut projesinin tasarımı, kullanım alanları, kullanılan kent mobilyaları belirtilmiş, akıllı kent mobilyaları kullanılarak parkın gelişimi ve değişimi üzerine belirlenen alanda akıllı park önerisi getirilmiş ve akıllı şehirleşme çalışmalarının önem kazandığı İstanbul ve Türkiye üzerindeki olası etkileri açıklanmıştır. 
Sonuç ve öneriler bölümü ile tez tamamlanmıştır.

Abstract:
The need for human nature and creation always felt a need for protection from external threats. This need is primarily the physical space created by the human being, a private space of his own, and the environment that he or she later created. Physical or urban spaces have never been separated from this particular place, they have always been a part of it. Urban space was affected by the change in the needs of people who used that place, their life, changed shape, but never lost. When we look at the formation of cities; when the first closed cities for defense and protection purposes were established; with the Industrial Revolution, we see that the Industrial Cities, which have larger, more economical structures and migrations from the villages, have been established. Since those days when the foundations of today's urbanization have been laid, cities have been the places where human beings live, socialize and work. In the environment where human beings are communicating with themselves and their surroundings, the need for socialization, cultural, social and physical necessities is needed and the concept of urban furniture, which can become a symbol, has been formed. In this sense, the right approaches are important in the design, positioning and interaction of the urban furniture, which are effective and decisive elements in the development and planning of the cities.
The concept of city is changing day by day from history; the evolution is keeping pace with citizens's efforts to lead a better for more comfortable life. With the integration of information technologies in all areas of life, this technology has entered into all the common areas, services and services of the city and the concept of "Smart City" and the concept of "Smart City Furniture" which is the effect of this technology on the living spaces of people have been formed. 
The concept of smart city is often used in the world in recent years. The smart cities that emerged in the late '90s and especially in America, Europe and Japan are increasing their numbers day by day thanks to their financial support. The increase in the population growth in the cities from the beginning of the 20th century to the end of the century is also a problem in the use of limited resources and the use of space. Despite the current population in the cities, there are problems in the areas of socialization and accommodation. For this purpose, alternative solutions are sought and the growth in population growth is being tried to be managed in an intelligent way.
Societies that can not adapt to this change, which is the age of information and technology, will fall behind the times. For this reason, smart urbanization strategies are being developed both in the world and in our country.
Many countries in the world are looking for projects that will enter into competition to bring intelligent city management to their cities and create awareness. In this sense, every country that follows the innovations and technology and brings it to the city in line with the needs of its citizens will gain advantages in the economy of the country, alternative resource production, cost reduction.
The phenomenon of rapid urbanization experienced in the world, changing living conditions, changing society structure and developments in technology, affect the development and changes of cities. In order not to be excluded from this development and change, the cities are making new services and applications for both administrative and citizen needs. In this sense, following the services and innovations made in the world today, which is the digital era, it has been a major task for all the municipalities and city administration units to present the innovations that will make progress for the country. In recent years, conferences, panels and fairs for smart cities and smart city applications both in our country and around the world have been organized frequently and the prominence and awareness of this subject has been revealed.
Smart cities with a new concept of urbanism; city planning, energy conservation, transportation health, energy management and energy monitoring to make life easier for citizens, new approaches in traffic management, energy saving lighting applications. As urban furniture until the industrial revolution; street lamps, hand-made plaques carrying street names and classic benches; After the second half of the 19th century, the industrialization that started with the industrial revolution and the urbanization that became more and more dependent on it, made the urban furniture more important. City furniture; this change and development is keeping pace with the changing life styles and needs. Among the most influential elements in the formation of the social circle are the types of urban furniture; while some needs were lost due to changes in lifestyle, new product groups emerged due to the different needs.
By using today's technology and taking into consideration the changing living conditions, the types of intelligent urban furniture we encounter in many urban areas in the world are listed below:charge units for smart benches and smart devices, smart lighting elements and smart poles, smart bicycle and car rental service, smart bike charging & parking items, intelligent waste collection systems, smart bus stops, smart phone clubs, smart water fountains.
In this thesis, which is named smart cities and smart city furniture; to talk about the importance of this issue in the world-wide and to make suggestions for our country to better reflect on its citizens in these improvements and exchange services. Within the scope of this thesis; concepts of urban space and urban furniture and the relations between these concepts, intelligent city concept and the concept of intelligent urban furniture, examples from the world have been discussed; held in Istanbul in Turkey and has been mentioned study into the smart city applications. In the Orhangazi City Park, Maltepe filling area selected as an application proposal area, an area to be used for intelligent city furniture was identified and such an approach was listed on the way to Istanbul becoming a smart city. Research in the thesis, evaluated and sample applications for smart cities in Turkey and Istanbul will be useful in the overall evaluation studies were conducted. The thesis has been completed with the results and suggestions of these evaluations.
Today; smart urban furniture that can be used in the public spaces of our country and the literature that can be used in the studies to be done in this country and with the smart city furniture which are indisputable on urbanization and the social environment will be examined both in the city, more lively, living, responding to needs and to contribute to smart urbanization studies in our country is targeted.
Similar applications can have a positive impact on our cities when applied to the country, based on impact analyzes made in the context of good practice examples around the world. For example; smart cities to be among the country's gross domestic product to contribute to the annual 25-30 billion, when considered examples of good practice in our country for 30 of the largest city in smart cities can be 20% in Turkey energy saving potential, the average daily the implementation of similar solutions to smart traffic applications in the internationally successful example. It is envisaged to recover the time that people spend in traffic in a city with a population of more than 10 million, where 100 minutes is spent in traffic. Smart intersection applications, there is a potential reduction of 35-45% a day on intersection stops.
In the introduction section, which is the first part of the thesis study; we talked about the effects of this change on the lives of people and the importance of the concepts of 'smart city' and 'smart city furniture' which are formed from the change due to changing living conditions and developing technological effect in our cities. This section also explains the scope of the research and the methods to be followed during the study. 
In the second part, a literature study was made on the concept of urban furniture; the relationship between urban space and urban furniture, the stages of formation and development of urban furniture, its definition, history, usage areas and factors affecting its design are discussed. 
In the third chapter; Smart Cities which are the result of developing technology and scientific changes and the concept of Smart City Furniture which is the effect of this concept in people's lives are discussed. While smart cities are being examined; the comparison of traditional cities and smart cities, the units forming intelligent cities, the benefits they provide, the building blocks of the smart city, the basic features and the innovations brought by these cities have been dealt with in detail. While the concept of Smart City Furnitures is examined; formation process, needs and usage areas are discussed.
In the fourth chapter; The results reflected the urban spaces of the smart city concept consisting dealt smart city applications, sample applications in the world and in Turkey were examined. In this scope; the examples of the reintegration of public spaces, which lost their vitality or function in the world, back to the city with smart urban furniture and applications have been examined.
In the fifth chapter; The design of the present project of Orhangazi City Park located in the Maltepe filling area of Istanbul, which is an important public park of Istanbul, has been specified in the design, usage areas, used city furniture, smart urban proposals on the development and change of the park using intelligent urban furniture were introduced and importance of smart urbanization studies the possible impacts on Istanbul and Turkey were explained.
The thesis has been completed with the conclusion and suggestions part.