Kahramanmaraş koşullarında artan azot dozlarının Satureja hortensis'in verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi
Determination of the effect of increasing nitrogen doses on yield and quality traits of Satureja hortensis in Kahramanmaras conditions
Yazar: NURDAN GÜL KÖRÜK
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. OSMAN GEDİK
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2024
Konu: Ziraat = Agriculture

Özet:
Satureja hortensis L. kekik olarak kullanılan, tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler arasında yer alan önemli bir türdür. Yapılan bu çalışma, artan azot dozlarında Satureja hortensis'in (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 kg da-1) verim ve kalite özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Kahramanmaraş merkez şartlarında yürütülmüştür. Deneme Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü araştırma alanında tesadüf blokları faktöriyel deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Denemede alınan ölçümlerin sonuçlarına göre; bitki boyu 41.58-48.61 cm, bitkide yan dal sayısı 8.51-23.43 adet bitki-1, habitus genişliği 32.41-50.86 cm, yeşil herba verimi 645.79-1876.39 kg da-1, kuru herba verimi 204.44-637.22 kg da-1, kuru yaprak verimi 44.72-345.55 kg da-1, kuru sap verimi 85.28-287.78 kg da-1, uçucu yağ oranı %1.78-3.63, uçucu yağ verimi 5.19-20.79 L da-1, protein oranı %11.12-22.70 olarak belirlenmiştir. Uçucu yağında 23 farklı bileşen belirlenmiş olup başlıca ana bileşenler; karvakrol %31.64-39.03, ɣ-terpinen %32.38-38.27, p-simen %6.34-10.71, karen %2.90-5.60 ve mirsen %3.06-3.91 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kuru herba da bitki besin elementlerinden; fosfor 2361.00-4552.00 mg kg-1, demir 107.45-222.85 mg kg-1, çinko 25.18-47.82 mg kg-1, mangan 22.16-46.92 mg kg-1, potasyum 12790.00-22615.00 mg kg-1, kalsiyum 10225.00-21235.00 mg kg-1, bakır 9.15-17.73 mg kg-1, sodyum 33.41-75.55 mg kg-1 ve azot %2.21-4.50 aralığında belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre; bitki boyu, yan dal sayısı, habitus genişliği, yeşil ve kuru herba verimi ve kuru yaprak oranı bakımından en yüksek değerler uygulanan dozlar içerisinde 30 kg da-1 N uygulamasında elde edilmiştir.

Abstract:
Satureja hortensis is an important species among the medicinal and aromatic plants used as thyme. This study was carried out in Kahramanmaras central conditions in order to determine the yield and quality characteristics of Satureja hortensis (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 kg da-1) at increasing nitrogen doses. The experiment was set up in the research area of Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops according to the Factorial experimental design in randomized blocks with 3 replications. According to the results of the measurements taken in the experiment; plant height was determined as 41.58-48.61 cm, number of side branches per plant was 8.51-23.43 plant-1, habitus width was determined as 32.41-50.86 cm, green herb yield was determined as 645.79-1876.39 kg da-1, dry herb yield was determined as 204.44-637.22 kg da-1, dry leaf yield was determined as 44.72-345.55 kg da-1, dry stem yield was determined as 85.28-287.78 kg da-1, essential oil ratio was determined as 1.78-3.63 %, essential oil yield was determined as 5.19-20.79 L da-1, protein ratio was determined as 11.12-22.70%. Twenty three different components were determined in the essential oil and the main components are; carvacrol was determined as 31.64-39.03%, ɣ-terpinene as 32.38-38.27%, p-cymene as 6.34-10.71%, carene as 2.90-5.60% and myrcene as 3.06-3.91%. Plant nutrients in dry herba; phosphorus was determined in the range of 2361.00-4552.00 mg kg-1, iron 107.45-222.85 mg kg-1, zinc 25.18-47.82 mg kg-1, manganese 22.16-46.92 mg kg-1, potassium 12790.00-22615.00 mg kg-1, calcium 10225.00-21235.00 mg kg-1, copper 9.15-17.73 mg kg-1, sodium 33.41-75.55 mg kg-1 and nitrogen was determined in the range of 2.21-4.50%. According to the results obtained in the study; the highest values in terms of plant height, number of side branches, habitus width, green and dry herb yield and dry leaf ratio were obtained in 30 kg da-1 N application among the applied doses.