İ.T.Ü maslak kampüsünün enerji tüketiminin lisanssız elektrik üretim yönetmeliğine göre güneş enerjisi santrali ile mahsuplaşması
Offensing the energy consumption of I.T.U maslak campus with the solar energy power plant according to the unlicensed electricity generation regulation
Yazar: ÖMER FARUK ARSLAN
Danışman: PROF. DR. AYŞEN DEMİRÖREN
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / Elektrik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı / Elektrik Mühendisliği Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2024
Konu: Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği = Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Özet:
Artan küresel enerji talebi, çoğunlukla fosil yakıt kaynaklarının tükenmesiyle bağlantılı çevresel sonuçlar nedeniyle yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına olan ilginin artmasına neden oldu. Artan çevresel kaygılar göz önüne alındığında, artık yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yönelmek zorunlu hale gelmiştir. Türkiye 2021 yılında Paris Anlaşmasını onayladı. Pakt, 2053 yılına kadar net sıfır emisyona ulaşma hedefini belirledi. 2023 yılında yayınlanan Türkiye'nin Ulusal Enerji Planı, 2035 yılına kadar 52,9 GW güneş enerjisi kurulu kapasitesine ulaşmayı hedefliyor. Türkiye şu anda 12 GW civarında bir güneş enerjisi kapasitesine sahip. İstenilen hedefe ulaşmak için yılda en az 4 GW'lık güneş enerjisi santralinin devreye alınması zorunludur. Güneş enerjisi santrali kurmak, orijinal yatırım ve bakım ve işletme maliyetleri açısından diğer yenilenebilir enerji santrallerine göre daha fazla fayda sağlar. Yıllık 4 GW hedefine ulaşmak için hem kamu hem de özel sektörde güneş enerjisi yatırımlarının teşvik edilmesi zorunludur. Bu çalışma, önemli toplum merkezleri olan eğitim kurumlarının güneş enerjisinden yararlanarak yıllık elektrik tüketimini etkili bir şekilde azalttığını ve bunun sonucunda karbon ayak izinin azaldığını göstermektedir. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kamusal alanlarda yaygınlaştırılması ve güneş enerjisine dayalı elektrik üretimi konusunda farkındalığın artırılmasıyla yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına geçişin kolaylaştırılması öngörülüyor.
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi'nin yıllık elektrik tüketimi 21.187.252,09 kilovatsaat (kWh) değerindedir. Gaziantep bölgesinde yer alan arazi tipi elektrik santrali, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi'nin iç elektrik ihtiyacını karşılamak üzere geliştirildi. Santral, şebeke bağlantısı nedeniyle ihtiyaç fazlası elektriği şebeke operatörüne satma kabiliyetine sahiptir. Çalışma, PVsyst ve Helioscope yazılımları kullanılarak 3 boyutlu tasarım ve gölgeleme analizinin yapılmasını, bir güneş enerjisi santralinin teknik ve ekonomik uygulanabilirliğinin değerlendirilmesini, elektrik sisteminin tasarlanmasını ve ETAP yazılımı kullanılarak kısa devrelerin analizini içermektedir. Proje, Gaziantep ilinde kurulan ve 9,9 MWAC güç kapasitesine sahiptir. Projenin gelir akışları, beklenen elektrik enerjisi üretimi, geçerli elektrik fiyatları ve Elektrik Piyasasında Lisanssız Enerji Üretimine İlişkin Yönetmelik dikkate alınarak PVsyst ve Helioscope yazılımları kullanılarak belirlendi. Enerji santrali için ilk yatırım maliyeti, bakım ve işletme maliyetleri, net bugünkü değer, geri ödeme süresi, iç getiri oranı ve seviyelendirilmiş enerji maliyeti dahil olmak üzere birçok finansal ölçüt hesaplandı. Ömrü 25 yıl olarak öngörülen santralin ekonomik açıdan sürdürülebilirliği belirlendi. Sistemin ilk yılı için PVsyst yazılımında öngörülen üretimi 21.188.966 kWh iken Helioscope yazılımında öngörülen üretim değeri 20.828.675 kWh oldu.

Abstract:
The increasing worldwide need for energy has led to a renewed focus on renewable energy sources, mostly due to the environmental impact of depleting fossil fuel reserves. Due to the increasing environmental concerns, it is increasingly imperative to transition to renewable energy sources. Turkey officially approved the Paris Agreement in 2021. The agreement set the objective of attaining a state where the amount of greenhouse gas emissions produced is completely offset by the amount removed from the atmosphere by the year 2053.
Turkey's National Energy Plan, which was launched in 2023, sets a target of reaching a solar energy installed capacity of 52.9 GW by 2035. Turkey's solar energy capacity stands at around 12 GW as of 2024. In order to accomplish the intended goal, it is crucial to annually establish a minimum of 4 gigawatts (GW) of solar generating facilities. In order to achieve the annual target of 4 GW, it is crucial to encourage investment in solar energy from both the public and private sectors.
Within the scope of Article 5.1(h) of the Unlicensed Electricity Production Regulation in the Electricity Market; "A production facility based on renewable energy resources established at the same or different measurement point as the consumption facility by municipalities and their affiliates, industrial facilities and agricultural irrigation facilities, provided that the contractual power in the connection agreement is twice the contract power of the other parties and the other persons are limited to the contractual power in the connection agreement, " [EPDK, 2023] can be established. Power plants that have received a call letter are within the scope of monthly settlement and earn profits in Turkish Lira according to the tariff unit price. In cases where production and consumption are different, netting is done through the Electricity Market Management System established by EPİAŞ. The energy produced is calculated by the institution reading the meter. In case the total consumption is lower than the total production, profit is obtained with the subscriber group tariff fee determined by EMRA, as much as the offset production amount.
Istanbul Technical University's annual electricity usage is 21,187,252.09 kilowatt hours (kWh). Manage Unlicensed Electricity Generation in the Electricity MarketThe above-ground power plant located in the Gaziantep region was built to meet the internal electricity needs of Istanbul Technical University. Two different software were used for the power plant design. PVsyst and Helioscope. While designing, three different scenarios were used. Scenario 1 with a panel angle of 20 degrees, scenario 2 with a panel angle of 25 degrees, and scenario 3 with a panel angle of 30 degrees. In these three scenarios, the tables were spaced so that the panels would not cast shadows on each other between 10:00 and 14:00 on December 21. The installed power of
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scenario 1 is 12,979 kWp, scenario 2 is 12,526 kWp, and scenario 3 is 11,421 kWp. The panel used has a power of 545 Wp and the inverter used has a power of 350 kW.
According to the PVsyst software, the amount of energy produced at the end of the economic life of Scenario 1 is 510.286 MWh, scenario 2 is 499.129 MWh and scenario 3 is 459.235 MWh. The LCoE for scenario 1 is $24,822/MWh (₺794.31/MWh), for scenario 2 the LCoE is $24,587/MWh (₺786.78/MWh) and for scenario 3 it is $24.62/MWh (₺788.1/MWh). ) happens. According to the Helioscope software, the electricity produced at the end of the economic life of Scenario 1 is 508,528 MWh, Scenario 2 is 495,201 MWh, and Scenario 3 is 455,548 MWh. The initial investment cost of scenario 1 is $7,844,840 and the initial investment cost per unit is $598.9 / kWp, the initial investment cost of scenario 2 is $7,615,482 and the initial investment cost per unit is $602.4 / kWp and the initial investment cost of scenario 3 is $7,057. .591 and the unit initial investment cost was $612.3 / kWp. Material prices are in Dollars and calculations will be made and converted with an exchange rate of 32 ₺/$. In this context, the LCoE value of scenario 1 is 23,854 $/MWh (763.31 ₺/MWh), scenario 2 is 23,730 $/MWh (759.36 ₺/MWh) and scenario 3 is 23.77 $/MWh (760 ₺/MWh). It is calculated as .63 ₺/MWh). In this context, scenario 2 is the least costly scenario per unit MWh. The next economic analyzes continued with scenario 2.
As the power plant is connected to the electrical grid, it has the capability to sell any surplus electricity to the operator of the system. The study encompassed assessing the technical and economic viability of the solar power plant, while utilizing PVsyst and Helioscope software to conduct 3D design and shading analysis. In addition, the project encompassed the development of the electrical system design. The project was implemented in the province of Gaziantep with a power capacity of 9.9 megawatts alternating current. The project's revenue streams were determined by utilizing PVsyst and Helioscope software. This involved considering the predicted power production, prevailing electricity prices, and restrictions governing unlicensed electricity generation in the market. The researchers computed various financial metrics for the plant, such as initial capital investment, continuous maintenance and operating expenses, net present value, payback duration, internal rate of return, and levelized energy cost. The economic viability of the power plant, projected to have a lifespan of 25 years, has been confirmed. The economic feasibility of the power plant, which is expected to last for 25 years, has been established. The projected production value in the first year of the power plant is 21,188,966 kWh according to PVsyst and 20,828,675 kWh according to Heliscope.
The estimated energy output for the operational lifespan of the power plant, as calculated in PVsyst, is 499,129 MWh. As per the conversion coefficients provided in compliance with the Regulation on Increasing Efficiency in the Use of Energy Resources and Energy, the value is equivalent to 42,917.37 TEP (tonne equivalent oil). The Helioscope production output is reported to be 4,579.62 TEP.
As the efficiency of photovoltaic panels, which account for 35% to 40% of the overall investment cost of a solar power plant, improves, the unit cost will decrease as well. Within this particular framework, it is anticipated that the power plants' production will rise, while concurrently witnessing a decline in the levelized energy cost. In order to expedite the time it takes for power plants to recoup their costs, authorities might provide incentives such as implementing additional levies and abolishing anti-dumping policies to promote the adoption of solar energy technologies.
Several colleges in Turkey are making investments in solar power plants across different provinces of the country as part of the 5.1.h initiative. The goal is to decrease the expenses associated with their existing self-consumption and contribute to a more environmentally sustainable world. In this particular setting, it is imperative for Istanbul Technical University, a prominent institution in Turkey, to actively embrace the advancements of the modern world and prioritize investments in sustainable energy sources.
This study illustrates that educational institutions, which play a vital role as community hubs, successfully decrease their yearly electricity usage by harnessing solar power, leading to a decrease in their carbon emissions.