Anadolu Türk mimarisi'nde 12-14. yüzyıllar arasına tarihlenen cami, medrese, şifahane, bimarhane ve türbe yapılarındaki taş üzerine yapılmış insan figürlü bezemeleri
The stone human figure reliefs carved on mosques, madrasahs, hospitals, mental hospitals and tombs, dated to 12-14 centuries of the of the Anatolian architecture
Yazar: ASLI YALÇINKAYA
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. CANAN PARLA
Anadolu Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Sanat Tarihi Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2007
Konu: Sanat Tarihi = Art History
Dizin: Anadolu = Anatolia ; Anadolu mimarisi = Anatolia architecture ; Mimari süslemeler = Architectural decorations ; Mimari yapı = Architectural structure ; Süslemeler = Ornamentations ; Taş süsleme = Stone decoration ; Türk mimarisi = Turkish architecture ; Türk-İslam mimarisi = Turkish-Islamic architecture ; İnsan figürleri = Human figures

Özet:
Anadolu'da 12-14. yilzyl1lara tarihlenen eami, medrese, §ifahane, bimarhane vetiirbe yapllannda ta§ iizerine i§lenmi§ insan figiirlerini konu alan ara§tlnnamda, insanfigiirlii bezemelerin sembolik anIamlanrun degerlendirilmesinde yardlmel olaeak ve ip ueusaglayaeak bu yapllara ili§kin bilgiler detayh bir §ekilde ineelenerek figiirlerin yapllardakiyerleri, bulunduklan yonler, yapJlann bani, mimar ve sanat<;,l1an ile kitabeleri oneelikleara§tmlml§tlr.Donemin dii§linee yaplsl ile sosyal ve kiiltiirel 6zelliklerini yansldljp insan figiirliibezemeleri bulunan mimari yapllann i§levleri dikkate almdljpnda benzer yapllarda yer alanfigiirlerin benzer anlamlara sahip olduklan g6riilmii§tiir. YapJlann bani hayatlan vekitabeleri goz online ahndlgmda bazl insan figiirlerinin gizli sembolik anIamlanmnbulundugu anla§llmalctadlr. Figiirlerin bazl1an bi<;,imsel 6zellikleriyle birbirlerinin benzerigibi g6riinseler de, bu figiirlerin onemli bazl 6zellikleriyle birbirinden aynldlldangoriilmelctedir. Sematilc i§lenmi§ insan tasvirlerinden bazl1anmn belli bir an]atlm dilinesahip olmadlklan, ya]mzea biiyiisel bir ama<;,la yapJldlklan, bazllarmm aym yaplda beraberiiibulunduklan diger figlirlere gore sembolize ettikleri anlamlann ikinci derecede onemta;adIkIan, bazuanrnnsa gizli anlamlar ta;adlkIan goriiIm~tGr.Tez kapsammda ele ahnarak incelenen insan tasvirlerinin bazllannda evrentasavvurunun onemli bir yer tuttugu anl~llml~t1r. insan figiirlii bazl kompozisyonlar, budonemde biiyiik oI<;iide Orta Asya'dan Anadolu'ya t~man evren tasavvuru Be islam oncesidevirlerden gelen diger inam~larm yam slra islam inanCl ve kiiItiiriiniin, TiirklerinAnadolu'ya uzanan uzun yolculuklarmda ge<;tikIeri b5lgelerin kiiItiirleriyle kokliikiiItGrlerinin birlikte bir potada eritilmesi sonucunda i<;inde diger kiiltiirlerin etkilerininse<;ilebildigi ozgiin bir sirnge dilinin olu~tugunu gosterirler.OzeIIikle Nigde Hiidavend Hatun Tiirbesi 'nin insan figiirlii kompozisyonlanTiirkIerin, yaplrnn in~a edildigi tarihe kadar sahip oIdukIan sosyaI ve kiiItGreI ortam Beman<; diinyalanmn bir ozetini sunarlar.

Abstract:
The theme ofmy thesis is to research the human figural stone relieves carved on themosques, madrasahs, hospitals, mental hospitals and the tombs between XII-XIV centuriesin Anatolia. In order to figure out the symbolic meanings of these reliefs, a particularresearch has been done on these structures about the plans, architectural elements and thesides of the external or internal walls containing the human figural relieves, and also thelife of the patrons, the architects, the craftsman and the epigraphs.When considering that period of XII-XIV centuries the social, cultural environmentand the beliefs with the functions of the buildings is being researched, it can be seen thatthe same human figure reliefs are usually taking place in the same kinds of functionalstructures. When it is considered with the life of the patrons and the epigraphs, it shows thatsome of the human figural relieves involve secret symbolic meanings. Although some ofthe portrayals seem similar, there are some small details which make the figures different.Some of the figures carved schematically have a secret word; some don't have specificexpressions, and just have mystical purposes while some of the others symbolizing thesecond subsidiary people.While searching the symbolic meanIngs of the human portrayals, the ancientTurkish beliefs and their macrocosmic system are searched. Some of the compositions seenon the structures are showing that their symbolic language emigrates from Middle Easttogether with Turkmen's immigration to the West. After Islam, with the Islamic beliefs,cosmologic intelligence and the effects of the strong settled culture of Iran, a synthesis hadoccurred.vEspecially, The Tomb of Hudavend Hatun in Nigde's human portrayals and thefigurative compositions sum up the whole social and cultural climate with the beliefs ofTurks until that time.