Yat limanlarında yangından korunmaya yönelik uygulamalar ve farkındalık düzeyi ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi ve incelenmesi
Yacht harbours fire protection practices and awareness level scale development and review
Yazar: FUAT UYANIK
Danışman: PROF. DR. LEYLA TAVACIOĞLU
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / Denizcilik Çalışmaları Ana Bilim Dalı / Denizcilik Çalışmaları Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2024
Konu: Denizcilik = Marine

Özet:
Bu çalışmanın amacı, yat limanlarında yangın güvenliği uygulamalarına yönelik farkındalık düzeyini incelemek ve bu konuda bir ölçek geliştirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın önemi, yat limanlarında yangın güvenliği bilincinin artırılması ve mevcut uygulamaların iyileştirilmesi ihtiyacından kaynaklanmaktadır. Yat limanlarında yangından korunmaya yönelik mevzuat, referans dokümanları ve ulusal/uluslararası yangın güvenliği standartları incelenmiştir. Çalışma, Türkiye'deki yat limanlarında yatçıların yangın güvenliği farkındalık düzeyini ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Araştırma kapsamında literatür taraması ve anket yoluyla veri toplanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Bu yöntemlerle toplanan veriler, yat limanlarındaki yangın güvenliği uygulamalarının mevzuata uyum düzeyini, eksikliklerini ve geliştirilmesi gereken yönleri ortaya koymak için bir ön araştırma niteliğindedir.
Elde edilen bulgular, yat limanlarında yangın güvenliği farkındalığını artırmaya yönelik stratejilerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Katılımcıların çoğunluğu yangın güvenliği eğitimi almıştır, teknelerinde yangın söndürme ekipmanı bulundurmalarına rağmen yat limanında yangın tatbikatlarına katılım ve eğitim alma oranları düşüktür. 
Yatçıların yangın güvenliği konusunda bilinçlenmesi, acil durum prosedürlerinin etkin bir şekilde uygulanmasına olanak tanıyarak olası yangınların hızla kontrol altına alınmasını sağlayacaktır. Bu durum, yangınların neden olabileceği can kayıplarını ve maddi zararları minimize etmeye yardımcı olacaktır.
Ayrıca, bu çalışma denizcilik sektöründe faaliyet gösteren kuruluşlara, yangın güvenliği önlemlerini yerel ve uluslararası mevzuat gerekliliklerine uygun şekilde geliştirmeleri konusunda rehberlik edecek önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bilinçli ve eğitimli personel ile yatçılar, acil durumlarda doğru ve hızlı müdahale edebilme yetisine sahip olacak, bu da yat limanlarının genel güvenliğini artıracaktır.
Çalışmanın sonuçları, yat limanlarında yangından korunma stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine ve mevzuat uyumunun sağlanmasına yönelik somut öneriler sunarak, genel yangın güvenliğinin artırılmasına katkıda bulunmayı hedeflemektedir.

Abstract:
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the awareness levels concerning fire safety practices in yacht harbours and to develop a specific scale tailored to measure this awareness. Fire safety is a critical issue in yacht harbours due to the inherent risks associated with yachts and other marine vessels, including the potential for fires to spread quickly in confined spaces, often leading to devastating consequences. This study addresses the need to elevate the awareness of fire safety among individuals and organizations operating in yacht harbours, with a particular focus on identifying gaps in current knowledge and practices.
The significance of this research stems from the crucial need to improve the existing fire safety protocols and awareness levels in yacht harbours, where a lack of sufficient understanding can lead to increased vulnerability to fires. This research is grounded in the recognition that enhancing fire safety awareness is not only vital for protecting lives but also for safeguarding property and infrastructure in yacht harbours. The yacht harbours host expensive yachts, equipment, and sometimes dense populations, all of which can be severely affected by fires if preventive measures and awareness are inadequate.
To this end, various regulatory frameworks, reference documents, and fire safety standards on both national and international levels have been thoroughly examined. These documents provide the foundation for understanding the current fire safety measures in place within yacht harbours and offer a benchmark for assessing where improvements can be made. Specific emphasis has been placed on the fire protection standards that are applicable to yacht harbours, as these are crucial for minimizing fire risks and ensuring compliance with safety protocols.
The study specifically focuses on assessing the fire safety awareness of yachtsmen operating in yacht harbours across Türkiye. By developing a comprehensive scale, this research aims to quantify the level of awareness and identify any areas where knowledge or practice may be lacking. Understanding the fire safety awareness levels of yachtsmen is essential for ensuring that they are well-prepared to handle potential fire hazards and emergencies effectively. Furthermore, it will provide insights into how yacht harbour operators and other stakeholders can enhance their fire safety measures.
Within the framework of this research, comprehensive data were collected using a dual approach that included an extensive literature review alongside a survey targeting yachtsmen. This methodological strategy allowed for a robust analysis of fire safety practices currently implemented in yacht harbours. The results obtained from this study provide preliminary significant insights into the compliance levels of these practices with existing fire safety legislation. Notably, the findings highlight specific deficiencies within the current fire safety protocols and identify areas that require improvement to enhance overall safety standards.
The research findings contribute to the formulation of targeted strategies aimed at raising fire safety awareness among yachtsmen and other stakeholders involved in yacht harbour operations. An essential observation from the survey indicates that while a considerable majority of participants have completed fire safety training and possess fire extinguishers aboard their vessels, the participation rate in fire drills and training sessions conducted at the yacht harbour remains relatively low. This disparity suggests that mere possession of safety equipment is insufficient without the accompanying practical knowledge and skills to utilize that equipment effectively during an emergency.
Raising awareness among yachtsmen regarding fire safety practices is crucial for the effective implementation of emergency procedures. Enhanced awareness will empower yacht owners and operators to respond more adeptly to potential fire hazards, allowing for a swift and efficient control of fires should they occur. By equipping yachtsmen with the necessary knowledge and skills, the likelihood of successfully mitigating the adverse effects of fire incidents increases significantly. This proactive approach will not only contribute to the safety of individuals but also play a vital role in reducing the potential for extensive property damage resulting from fires.
Furthermore, a well-informed group of yachtsmen can facilitate a culture of safety within yacht harbours, promoting regular fire drills and safety training sessions. Encouraging participation in these activities will not only foster a sense of community among yacht harbour users but will also reinforce the importance of preparedness in the face of emergencies. Ultimately, the insights gained from this study will inform yacht harbour operators, regulatory bodies, and safety organizations on effective measures to enhance fire safety protocols, ensuring a safer environment for all users of yacht harbours.
Additionally, this research offers substantial guidance to organizations operating within the maritime sector, especially those striving to enhance their fire safety protocols. Ensuring that these protocols are in line with both local and international regulatory frameworks is essential for maintaining a safe and secure environment in yacht harbours. As fire safety regulations vary between regions and countries, yacht harbours and related businesses must continuously review and update their practices to stay compliant. This study's findings underscore the importance of adhering to these standards while also highlighting areas where current fire safety measures may fall short of best practices.
Informed and well-trained personnel, along with yachtsmen who are knowledgeable about fire safety, play a crucial role in managing emergencies effectively. Training programs designed to equip staff and boat owners with the necessary skills and knowledge are vital. When personnel and yachtsmen understand the risks, know how to operate fire-fighting equipment, and are aware of evacuation procedures, they are more likely to respond promptly and appropriately during a fire emergency. Such readiness can greatly minimize the damage caused by fires and prevent potential loss of life.
Moreover, this study aims to contribute to the overall improvement of fire safety in yacht harbours by providing actionable recommendations. These recommendations focus on the development of effective fire protection strategies tailored to the specific needs of yacht harbours. Some of the key areas for improvement include increasing the frequency of fire drills, ensuring regular maintenance of fire-fighting equipment, and fostering a culture of fire safety awareness among all harbour users. By addressing these areas, yacht harbours can significantly enhance their safety standards and be better prepared to handle fire-related emergencies.
Ultimately, the study highlights the need for continuous improvement in fire safety measures, encouraging both yacht harbour operators and yachtsmen to take proactive steps. Compliance with relevant regulations, coupled with ongoing safety education, is fundamental to achieving this goal. The research serves as a practical resource for maritime sector stakeholders, offering guidance on how to strengthen their fire safety practices and ensure the well-being of everyone in the harbour.