Topraksız marul yetiştiriciliğinde mikoriza ve solucan gübresi kullanımı ile kimyasal kullanımının azaltılması
Reduction of the use of chemicals and the use of mycoriza and verdict fertilizer in soilless lettuce culture
Yazar: AHMET SEYFETTİN POLAT
Danışman: PROF. DR. ALPER DURAK
Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / Bahçe Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı / Bahçe Bitkileri Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2022
Konu: Ziraat = Agriculture
Dizin: Bitki besleme = Plant nutrition ; Marul = Lettuce ; Mikoriza = Mycorrhiza ; Solucan gübresi = Vermicompost

Özet:
Marul dünyada en fazla yetiştiriciliği yapılan, çeşitli tüketim alanları bulunan ve zengin besin değeri olan sebze türleri arasındadır. Son yıllarda dünyada kimyasal gübre kullanımında bilinçsiz hareket edilmesi doğal ve beşeri çevreye ciddi oranda zarar göstermiştir. Bu durumu iyileştirmeye yönelik organik gübrelerin kullanımına yönelimler olmuştur. Bundan dolayı uygun organik ve biyogübre kaynaklarının belirlenmesi ve uygulamaya aktarılması önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada da önemli organik gübre kaynaklarından olan solucan gübresinin ve önemli biyogübre kaynaklarından mikorizanın marul yetiştiriciliğinde bitki gelişimi, bazı kalite özellikleri ve besin elementi içeriği üzerine olan etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, 2020 yılı mart-mayıs tarihleri arasında Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Bahçe Bitkileri bölümüne ait polikarbon serasında yürütülmüş ve Cospirina düz marul çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Saksı denemesi şeklinde yürütülen olan bu araştırmada, kontrol dahil 4 uygulamalı ( %20 azaltılmış besin çözeltisi, %30 azaltılmış besin çözeltisi, %40 azaltılmış besin çözeltisi, besin çözeltisi kullanılmayan  kontrol) 3 tekerrür ve her tekerrürde 4 bitki (saksı) olacak şeklinde yürütülmüştür. Bitkiler içerisi %25 torf, %25 perlit, %50 solucan gübresi karışımı ile dolu 4 litrelik saksılara dikilmiş ve bitki başına 150 mg mikoriza uygulaması yapılmıştır. Denemede yapılan uygulamaların etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla marul bitkilerinde gelişim parametreleri, kalite özellikleri ve bitki besin elementleri analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar incelendiğinde bitki boyu, kök boyu, bitki yaş ve kuru ağırlığı ve klorofil miktarında besin çözeltisinin artan dozlarında solucan gübresi ve mikorizanın daha etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Gövde çapı, yaprak sayısı, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığında ise kontol uygulamasında solucan gübresi ve mikorizanın daha etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Azot, potasyum, magnezyum ve bor kontrol uygulamasında; kalsiyum, demir, mangan ve çinko besin çözeltisinin en az dozu verilen (%40) uygulamada; fosfor ve bakır ise besin çözeltisinin en fazla dozu verilen (%20) uygulamada en yüksek değerleri vermiştir. Çalışma sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde; solucan gübresi ve mikoriza uygulaması yapılan bitkilerde mümkün olduğunca kimyasal gübrelemeyi mikorizanın çalışmasını teşvik edecek miktarda yani optimal düzeyde  azaltarak uygulama yapılmalıdır.

Abstract:
Lettuce is one of the most cultivated vegetables in the world, with various consumption areas and rich nutritional value. In recent years, the unconscious use of chemical fertilizers in the world has seriously damaged the natural and human environment. There have been tendencies to use organic fertilizers to improve this situation. Therefore, it is important to determine suitable organic and biofertilizer sources and transfer them to practice. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of vermicompost, which is one of the important organic fertilizer sources, and mycorrhiza, which is an important biofertilizer source, on plant growth, some quality characteristics and nutrient content in lettuce cultivation. The study was carried out in the polycarbonate greenhouse of Malatya Turgut Özal University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture between March and May 2020, and Cospirina plain lettuce variety was used. In this study, which was carried out as a pot experiment, it was carried out as 3 replications and 4 plants (pot) in each replication, with 4 treatments including the control (%20 reduced nutrient solution, %30 reduced nutrient solution, %40 reduced nutrient solution, no nutrient solution used control). The plants were planted in 4-liter pots filled with a mixture of %25 peat, %25 perlite and %50 vermicompost, and 150 mg of mycorrhiza was applied per plant. In order to examine the effects of the applications made in the experiment, the growth parameters, quality characteristics and plant nutrients of lettuce plants were analyzed. When the results were examined, it was seen that vermicompost and mycorrhiza were more effective at increasing doses of the nutrient solution in terms of plant height, root height, plant fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll amount. Root diameter, number of leaves, root wet and dry weight, vermicompost and mycorrhiza were found to be more effective in control application. In nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and boron control application; In the application where the minimum dose of calcium, iron, manganese and zinc nutrient solution is given (%40); phosphorus and copper gave the highest values in the application where the highest dose of the nutrient solution (%20) was given. When the results of the study are evaluated; In plants where vermicompost and mycorrhiza are applied, the application should be made by reducing the chemical fertilization as much as possible in an amount that will encourage the mycorrhiza to work, that is, at an optimal level.Lettuce is one of the most cultivated vegetables in the world, with various consumption areas and rich nutritional value. In recent years, the unconscious use of chemical fertilizers in the world has seriously damaged the natural and human environment. There have been tendencies to use organic fertilizers to improve this situation. Therefore, it is important to determine suitable organic and biofertilizer sources and transfer them to practice. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of vermicompost, which is one of the important organic fertilizer sources, and mycorrhiza, which is an important biofertilizer source, on plant growth, some quality characteristics and nutrient content in lettuce cultivation. The study was carried out in the polycarbonate greenhouse of Malatya Turgut Özal University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture between March and May 2020, and Cospirina plain lettuce variety was used. In this study, which was carried out as a pot experiment, it was carried out as 3 replications and 4 plants (pot) in each replication, with 4 treatments including the control (%20 reduced nutrient solution, %30 reduced nutrient solution, %40 reduced nutrient solution, no nutrient solution used control). The plants were planted in 4-liter pots filled with a mixture of %25 peat, %25 perlite and %50 vermicompost, and 150 mg of mycorrhiza was applied per plant. In order to examine the effects of the applications made in the experiment, the growth parameters, quality characteristics and plant nutrients of lettuce plants were analyzed. When the results were examined, it was seen that vermicompost and mycorrhiza were more effective at increasing doses of the nutrient solution in terms of plant height, root height, plant fresh and dry weight and chlorophyll amount. Root diameter, number of leaves, root wet and dry weight, vermicompost and mycorrhiza were found to be more effective in control application. In nitrogen, potassium, magnesium and boron control application; In the application where the minimum dose of calcium, iron, manganese and zinc nutrient solution is given (%40); phosphorus and copper gave the highest values in the application where the highest dose of the nutrient solution (%20) was given. When the results of the study are evaluated; In plants where vermicompost and mycorrhiza are applied, the application should be made by reducing the chemical fertilization as much as possible in an amount that will encourage the mycorrhiza to work, that is, at an optimal level.