Yayalaştırılmış sokakların kent peyzajına katkısı: 58. Bulvar ve İstiklal Caddesi örneği
Effects of pedestrianizied streets on urban landscapes: Case studies from 58. Boulvard and İstiklal Street
Yazar: GÜNSELİ DÖLLÜK
Danışman: YRD. DOÇ. DR. REYHAN YİĞİTER
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Peyzaj Mimarlığı Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2005
Konu: Peyzaj Mimarlığı = Landscape Architecture

Özet:
"Yayalaştırılmış sokakların kent peyzajına katkısı: 58. Bulvar ve İstiklal Caddesi örneği" ad ve konusunda geliştirilen bu tez çalışmasında, ilk bölüm' de giriş ve tezin amacı ve beraberinde tez çalışmasının kapsam ve yönteminden bahsedilmiştir. Tezin konusuna temel oluşturması amacı ile kavramsal açıklamalar ve tanımlamalar başlığı altoda, kentsel yeşil alan ve kentsel ulaşım sınıflandırılması yapılıp; yaya, sokak ve yayalaştırma kavramları hakkında gelişme bölümünü destekleyici bilgiler verilmiştir. Dünya' daki yayalaştırma faaliyetleri; Avrupa başlığı allında Almanya, Danimarka, Hollanda, Avusturya, İngiltere, İsveç, İspanya ve Fransa' daki yayalaştırılmış sokaklar incelendikten sonra, Amerika'daki durum araştırılmış, Türkiye'deki yayalaştırma uygulamaları hakkında bilgiler toplanmış ve Dünya' daki önemli yayalaştırılmış sokaklardan örnekler incelenmiştir. Sokakların yayalaştırılmasında uyulması gerekli peyzaj tasarım kriterleri sıralanarak, yayalaştırılmış sokaklarda kullanılan yapay ve doğal elemanlar ayrı ayrı ele alınmış, yayalaştırılmış sokakların yapısal çevre özellikleri ve bu sokaklardaki işlev çeşitliliği araştırılmıştır. Yayalaştırılmış sokakların kent peyzajına katkıları hakkında literatür araştırması yapılarak bulgular; 'çevresel, sosyal, rekreasyonel, ekonomik ve kentsel yeşil alana katkıları' başlıkları altında ayrı ayrı irdelenmiştir. Alan çalışması kapsamında, Beyoğlu 'İstiklal Caddesi' ve Zeytinburnu '58. Bulvar Caddesi'nin konumu, tarihi kimliği, bu caddelerin yayalaştırılmasındaki amaç ve hedefler belirtilmiştir. Analiz bulguları fotoğraflarla desteklenerek değerlendirilmiş ve kullanıcı anket bulguları; sıklık dağılımı ve alt hipotezlerde sorgulanan bulgular karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirilmiş, sonuçlar çizilen tablo ve grafikler yardımıyla anlatılarak alan çalışmasının değerlendirmesi yapılmış ve kent peyzajına sundukları katkılar saptanmıştır. Değerlendirme ve sonuç bölümünde ise; tezin genel değerlendirmesi yapılarak, bir yayalaştırılmış sokağın açık hava rekreasyon alanı olarak kullanılabilirliğinin, o sokağın sahip olduğu rekreasyon potansiyeli ile ilişkili olduğu kadar peyzaj tasarım kriterlerine göre düzenlenmiş olması ile de yalandan ilgili olduğu sonucu ortaya çıkmış ve tezin hipotezi doğrulanmıştır. xvın

Abstract:
Pedestrianization phenomenon has occurred because of the purpose of preserving historical city centers from motorized vehicles and to provide more safety circulation areas for pedestrians. But at the end of the 20* century, because of the extremely increase of cities' populations; green spaces couldn't serve the citizens needs and pedestrians started to use pedestrianized streets as recreation areas. These supported outdoor leisure and recreation areas made a significant contribution to the quality of life. They served as both a destination and a thoroughfare by forming a natura! connection route between diverse attractions. Many cities, especially in Europe have pedestrianized their streets and pedestrianization continued as a trend. Pedestrianization has several benefîts for towns and its citizens, some of them are; to preserve the environment, to increase the urban quality and social well-being, to provide relations to residential environments, to provide economical revitalization, to create social and cultural benefîts, to have traffîc management and to create availability of appraise spare times. They improve the retail activity by enhancing pedestrian environments. Especially downtown pedestrian streets became an interaction place, strolling, courting, window shopping (ör shopping) and observing areas. They became a home for fiestas, festivals, shows, meetings; briefly the activities which people can interact and build community. Between them they served to protect and enhance remaining natural and cultural resources. Pedestrian streets also interconnect urban green spaces \vith each other. They can enhance city aesthetics, help shape urban form and improve urban quality of life. in conclusion pedestrian streets have converted a linear öpen space recreation area, instead of a road. xixThis research's concept is to find the ways to improve the recreational potential of pedestrian streets of istanbul metropolitan city and to find the effects of pedestrian streets as an 'Öpen Space Recreational Area on istanbul's Urban Landscapes'. istanbul is the largest city in Turkey and the country's chief commercial and cultural center. With increasing modernization, recreation is becoming a more important aspect of daily life in istanbul. But istanbul, where ten thousand people are living today, has green öpen space problem because of the rapidly increasing population and the intensity and uncontrolled built environment. Öne of the solutions to this green space problem is to pedestrianize the streets and to convert them into linear öpen space recreational areas. The research area is some of the pedestrianized streets of istanbul city. The research was set out to analyze physical and social environrnents, to explore, observe and represent the recreational activities carried out in the pedestrian streets of the city. Introduction and the purpose of the thesis and additionally, contents and methods of the thesis are mentioned in the first chapter. in the second chapter, to form the base to the subject of the thesis, urban green area and urban transport classification have been made under the title of conceptional explanations and definitions. Advocated information to the development section has been given about the pedestrian street and the pedestrian conceptions. in the third chapter, the development of pedestrianation in the world is mentioned. At this part of the thesis the pedesrianizied streets in Germany, Denmark, Holland, Austria, England, Swiss, Spain and France are examined under the title of Europe, the situation of the USA has been searched and the informations have been collected about the applications in Turkey and the examples have been given about the important pedestianizied streets in the world. in the fourth chapter, landscape design criteria which are needed to be obeyed in pedestrianizied streets have been arranged and artificial and natural elements which are being used in the pedestrianizied streets have been discussed öne by öne. Structural environment features of pedestrianizied streets and the kinds of functions have been searched. XXin the fifth chapter, effects to the urban pattern of pedestrianizied streets have been examined öne by öne under the titles of the effects to the environmental, social, recreational, economical and urban green system. in the sixth chapter, case studies have been done. The situation of Beyoğlu-İstiklal Street and Zeythıbumu-58. Boulevard Street are mentioned. The historical identity, purpose and the pedestrianization aims of these streets have been pointed. Area analysis have been appraised by being supported by the photographs and have been analyzed by the users' surveys, density distribution and diagonally tables. Results have been told by the help of drawn tables and figures and area researches have been appraised and suggestions have been made. in the conclusion, thesis has been appraised generally and the result has revealed that a pedestrianizied street could be used as an öpen space recreational area but it must be arranged according to landscape design criteria as the same with recreation potential which that street has and the hypothesis of the thesis has been confirmed. xxi