Çatalca yöresi akyol taşocağında patlatmadan kaynaklanan titreşim etkilerinin araştırılması
The Investigation of ground vibrations induced by bench blasting at akyol quarry at çatalca region in turkey
Yazar: DENİZ ADIGÜZEL
Danışman: PROF.DR. ALİ KAHRİMAN
İstanbul Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Maden Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2006
Konu: Maden Mühendisliği ve Madencilik = Mining Engineering and Mining

Özet:
ocakçılığı, inşaat gibi çeşitli sektörlerde; yersarsıntısı ve hava şokundankaynaklanan çevre problemleri ile sıkça karşılaşılmakta ve tartışılmaktadır.Basamak patlatması tasarımı yapılırken sadece ekonomik ve teknik unsurlardeğil hava şoku ve yersarsıntısından kaynaklanan çevresel problemlerindedikkate alınması ve en aza indirgenmesi gerekmektedir. Çevreselşikâyetlerin minimize edilmesi sırasında, Yersarsıntısı bileşenlerininönceden tahmin edilmesi büyük rol oynamaktadır.Bu çalışmada; Çatalca' da bulunan Akyol taş ocağındaki basamakpatlatması sonucu oluşan yersarsıntısı ölçüm sonuçları sunulmaktadır. Busahada yapılan basamak patlatmaları sırasında patlayıcı madde olarakANFO ve emülsiyon tip patlayıcılar, ateşleme sistemi içinse elektriksizkapsüller kullanılmıştır. Her atımın ölçekli mesafe unsurları dikkatlicekaydedilirken, White Mini-Seis ve İnstantel Minimate Plus model titreşimcihazları ile yersarsıntısı unsurları ölçülmüştür. Titreşim cihazı sayısı eldeolan imkânlara bağlı olarak 1 ila 5 arasında değişmiştir. Ölçüm istasyonlarıve atım noktaları arasındaki mesafeyi belirlemek amacıyla GPS cihazıkullanılmıştır.Söz konusu saha çevresinde bulunan yapıların, patlatmafaaliyetlerinden dolayı zararının olup olmadığının belirlenmesi amacıyla, buçalışma kapsamında ölçülen frekans ve en yüksek parçacık hızı (PPV)değerleri, ülkemiz açısından bu konuda bir ulusal standartın eksikliğidolayısıyla USBM ve Alman DIN-4150 normlarına göredeğerlendirilmiştir.Daha sonra Parçacık hızının kestirimi için, ölçeklimesafe ve parçacık hızı veri çiftleri sözkonusu saha için analiz edilmiştir. Buanaliz sırasında literatürde yaygın kullanıma sahip kareköklü ölçekli mesafeeşitliği kullanılmıştır. Değerlendirme sonunda, söz konusu saha içinparçacık hızı ile ölçekli mesafe arasında, %95 güven ve % 95 tahminaralıklarıyla beraber iyi korelasyonlu (r=0,86) bir ampirik ilişki elde edilmişve önerilmiştir. Bu ilişki kullanılarak, söz konusu sahada gelecekteyapılacak patlatma çalışmaları için pratik kullanım kolaylığı sağlayacak, enyüksek parcacık hızı ve gecikme başına maksimum şarj değerlerinintahminini içeren tablolar verilmiştir.A Study on The Formation of A ModelTezin Yabancı Dildeki Adı :of Mining Management Based onGeographic Information SystemsThe environmental problems caused byYabancı Dildeki Özet :ground vibration and air blast have been encountered and discussedfrequently in various industries such as quarry, mining, civil works, shaft,tunneling, pipe line and dam construction etc. where the blasting operationsare unavoidable. In bench blast design, the technical and economicalaspects, such as block size, uniformity and cost should be taken intoconsideration as well as the elimination of environmental problems resultingfrom ground vibration and air blast. The prediction of ground vibrationcomponents plays an important role in the minimization of theenvironmental complaintsThis study presents the results of ground vibration measurementsinduced by bench blasting carried out in the Akyol quarry at Çatalca. ANFOand emulsions as blasting agent and non-electric detonators as initiationsystem were used during bench blasting. The parameters of scaled distance(charge quantity per delay and the distance between the source and thestation) were recorded carefully and the ground vibration components weremeasured for all blasts at this quarry by using White Mini-Seis and InstantelMinimate Plus model vibration monitors. The number of vibration monitorsvaried from 1 to 5, depending on the availability of these monitors. Theabsolute distances between shot points and monitor stations weredetermined by using GPS.In order to determine the possible damage to the neighboringbuildings, and structures at Akyol quarry at Catalca region, the particlevelocities and frequency values of all blast events are evaluated according tothe United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) and German DIN 4150 Normsdue to the lack of a national standard in Turkey. Then, in order to predictpeak particle velocity (PPV), the data pairs belonging to this quarry weregathered together to represent the region and were analyzed statistically.During this analysis, The equation of square root scaled distance extensivelyused in the literature was taken into consideration for the prediction of peakparticle velocity. At the end of statistical evaluation of the data pairs, anempirical relation which gives average line at 95% confidence level andupper bound 95% prediction line with a powerful correlation coefficient(r=0,86) was established between peak particle velocity and scaled distance.By using this relationship, PPV and maximum charge amount per delaytables were prepared for practical usage in the future studies at this quarry.

Abstract:
The environmental problems caused by ground vibration and air blast have beenencountered and discussed frequently in various industries such as quarry, mining, civilworks, shaft, tunneling, pipe line and dam construction etc. where the blastingoperations are unavoidable. In bench blast design, the technical and economical aspects,such as block size, uniformity and cost should be taken into consideration as well as theelimination of environmental problems resulting from ground vibration and air blast.The prediction of ground vibration components plays an important role in theminimization of the environmental complaintsThis study presents the results of ground vibration measurements induced by benchblasting carried out in the Akyol quarry at Çatalca. ANFO and emulsions as blastingagent and non-electric detonators as initiation system were used during bench blasting.The parameters of scaled distance (charge quantity per delay and the distance betweenthe source and the station) were recorded carefully and the ground vibration componentswere measured for all blasts at this quarry by using White Mini-Seis and InstantelMinimate Plus model vibration monitors. The number of vibration monitors variedfrom 1 to 5, depending on the availability of these monitors. The absolute distancesbetween shot points and monitor stations were determined by using GPS.In order to determine the possible damage to the neighboring buildings, and structuresat Akyol quarry at Catalca region, the particle velocities and frequency values of allblast events are evaluated according to the United States Bureau of Mines (USBM) andGerman DIN 4150 Norms due to the lack of a national standard in Turkey. Then, inorder to predict peak particle velocity (PPV), the data pairs belonging to this quarrywere gathered together to represent the region and were analyzed statistically. Duringthis analysis, The equation of square root scaled distance extensively used in theliterature was taken into consideration for the prediction of peak particle velocity. At theend of statistical evaluation of the data pairs, an empirical relation which gives averageline at 95% confidence level and upper bound 95% prediction line with a powerfulcorrelation coefficient (r=0,86) was established between peak particle velocity andscaled distance. By using this relationship, PPV and maximum charge amount per delaytables were prepared for practical usage in the future studies at this quarry.viii