Türkiye'deki Bodrum tipi gulet konstrüksiyonunun iç mekân tasarımı ile etkileşimi
A research on the interaction between the construction and interior of turkish style Bodrum gulet
Yazar: AILI MAMUJIANG
Danışman: PROF. DR. NECDET TORUNBALCI
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Endüstri Ürünleri Tasarımı Ana Bilim Dalı / Endüstriyel Tasarım Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2018
Konu: Endüstri Ürünleri Tasarımı = Industrial Design ; İç Mimari ve Dekorasyon = Interior Design and Decoration

Özet:
Bodrum guletleri Türk insanına tanıdık olduğu kadar yabancıdır da. Bodrum Tipi Gulet başta olmak üzere ahşap tekneler Türkiye'de oldukça eski bir tarihe sahip olması ve geniş bir coğrafyaya yayılmasına rağmen yakın zamana kadar hak ettiği itibarı görmemiştir. XX. Yüz yılın ikinci yarısından sonra Türkiye yat turizminin gelişmesiyle beraber Bodrum guletleri kendi değerini bulmaya başlamıştır.
Türkiye'de yat veya gemiler üzerinde İTÜ ve YTÜ gibi Gemi İnşaatı ve Deniz Bilimleri alanında çalışmalar yürüten üniversiteler ve diğer kurumlar tarafından araştırmalar yapıldıysa da Bodrum tipi ahşap guletler üzerinde yeterince araştırma yapılmadığı görülmektedir. Üstelik Bodrum guletlerini bir endüstriyel tasarım nesnesi olarak ele alındığında yapılan araştırmalar yok sayılacak kadar azdır. Bu tez çalışmasında Bodrum guletlerinin tarihi, gulet çeşitlerinin ayrıntıları, gulet biçimini oluşturan önemli yapısal elemanlar, gulet üretiminde kullanılmakta olan malzemeler, guletlerin genel yerleşimi; saha çalışmasında göz önüne alınan guletlerde ergonomik unsurların tanıtımı ve son olarak da gulet gövdesini oluşturan yapısal unsurların iç mekân tasarımı ve düzenlenmesini nasıl etkilediği araştırılmıştır. 
Bu çalışmanın başarılı bir şekilde ilerlemesi adına önemli bir yere sahip olan saha çalışması iki hafta sürmüştür. Bu saha çalışma iki aşamadan oluşmuştur. Birinci aşamada, Bodrum İçmeler ve Tavşan burnu tersanelerinden tasarımcı, mühendis, gulet ustaları ve firma yetkilerinden Bodrum guletlerinde yapısal iskeletin oluşumu ve bu iskeleti oluşturan yapı elemanlarının üretim aşamaları üzerinde nitel araştırma ve gözlemler yapılmıştır. İkinci aşamada Bodrum merkez limanındaki çeşitli guletler üzerinde incelemeler yapılarak Bodrum guletlerinin iç mekân yerleşim planları, özellikleri, iç mekân tasarımı ve tasarım üzerinde önemli rol oynayan temel unsurlar üzerinde nicel ve nitel araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmalar sayesinde tez çalışması için gerekli olan veriler oluşturulmuştur. Son olarak toparlanmış bu verilerden hareketle gulet konstrüksiyonlarının iç mekân düzenlemesi ile etkileşimi bağlamında saha çalışmasındaki guletlerin çizimleri yapılarak sınıflandırmış, analize edilmiş ve gulet optimizasyonu yapılmıştır. 
Tez çalışmasının ana omurgasını Bodrum guletleri üzerindeki saha çalışması oluşturmaktadır. Bu saha çalışmada çeşitli gulet tiplerinin boyutu, iç mekân ve konstrüksiyonlarına göre çeşitlendirme yapılarak sınıflandırılmıştır ayrıca gulet konstrüksiyonlarının iç mekân mimarisi ile etkileşimi bağlamında çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.

Abstract:
Bodrum style gulet is both quite familiar and strange theme in Turkey. Wooden boats as Bodrum gulets have a long history in Turkey and spread across the country, however it is pretty recent that showing its true value after development of Aegean Sea tourism which became popular in the second half of the last century in Turkey. 
Though in Turkey there is a wide range of yacht and ship researches and designs in Universities such as İTU and YTU, which are holding the leadership position for ship researches as well as other organizations and companies, mostly concentrated on modern ships and yachts, unfortunately Bodrum style gulets do not seem to appeal attractions. What is even more regretful is that, along with the country it is hard to find any industrial designers researching on Bodrum style gulets. However, Bodrum gulets as products made via classic theory by hands, there can be various projects on it deserving to research. What is more, it is special for Turkey, so it has great potential to discover the economic benefits by industrializing it. 
The main aim of this research is to find out the bilateral relations between the construction and interior of this wooden boat, research the effect of structural elements towards the interior, geometric arrangements and comfort of the customers. To achieve this aim, the paper is arranged as, firstly understanding general information on boat and ship production industry which is occupying important proportion on the Turkish economic incomes, the history of boat production and eventually the birth of Turkish style Bodrum gulet, then it is described the classification of the current gulets in Bodrum. Following this, it is described the critical structural elements which are forming the construction of the Bodrum gulet, after that it is described the materials being used to build up the wooden boat. After finishing researching the structural elements and main materials, it is turn to research the interior for gulet, in this part it is described the ergonomic demand for this elegant Aegean boat that is used as attracting the foreign tourists as well as the safety and comfort in it, and then described the geometric arrangement of the inside in detail. After finishing the construction elements and the interior elements for it. It is time to study the effect of construction towards the interior. Lastly after this vast amount of details it is extracted the researching problem to solve, and gave some resolving advices on last part. 
Firstly, it is literately tried to describe the history and origin of the wooden boat of Bodrum gulet, which has very confusing origin referring to the ancient Greek, Italian, and Holland wooden boats. It is tried to describe three types of Gulets differing as Yuvarlak Kıçlı Gulet (Stern Type Gulet), Ayna Kıçlı Gulet (Transom Type Gulet) and Tirhandil generally. First two types are most frequently appeared in Bodrum that is the home of Bodrum Guelts. For, these two types became the object of this paper. 
Secondly, It is described the critical structural elements such as keel, post frame, beam, bulkhead, deck etc. which are forming the hull of the gulets. Following this it is described the wooden materials that are making for the structural elements. 
Thirdly, on one hand it is described the agronomy such as lightening, coloring, ventilation isolation as well as the size of height and width, on other hand it is described   geometric spaces such as salon, living room, kitchen, toilet, control office and storage of the gulet. 
Fourthly, it is described the effect of constructional elements towards the interior.  As instants, effect of keel towards the interior, the keel and sternposts form the backbone of the boat, shape style of front stern and back stern. 
Effect of the post frame towards the interior, post frame is considered to be the most important structural element in wooden boats, because it forms the main body of the hulls. So, every single post and its position can effect very directly to the inside space of the gulet. 
Effect of bulkheads towards the interior, in Bodrum gulet there are at least four bulkheads dividing the whole body of the boat to several parts, every bulkhead has its important function, two bulkheads in the front and back are designed as providing the boat from submerging to the sea, the two ones in the middle has the function of isolating the engine room from the living spaces. 
In summary, although whole gulets in Bodrum have these contractual common points, but gulet producers are working by individually, every shipyards have their own style. On this point, it is recommended that more academic researches should be done to unify the standards and industrialize the structural elements so that save the time and costs. 
 To finish this project, it is highly important to do practical filed survey. It almost took two weeks on the filed survey for this project. In this period, on one hand a qualitative survey has been taken among designers, engineers, ship crafters and company owners at Bodrum İçmeler and Tavşanburnu to achieve the details on structural elements, mutual connections and producing processes. On the another hand, at Bodrum marina a qualitative survey and quantitative survey have been taken among the captains, gulet owners, and personals on gulet to achieve some details of interior and interaction of structural elements on gulet interior displacement and designs. Lastly, 15 various type of gulets have been chosen to take the details in need.  Every single one of these 15 gulets has been observed carefully. Their interior plans, constructional plans have been drawn carefully and researched the effects of construction towards the interior, lastly analyzed the merit and demerit of this effects to find out the existing problems on gulets and giving the refining advices. 
After carefully observation on these 15 gulets, some common problems have been found for solutions. 
As a result Bodrum gulets which are almost between the size of 15 meters and 35 meter have been classified into three classes as two decks gulets which are between the size of 15meter to 21meters, three decks gulets which are between the size of 22meter to 27 meters and four decks gulet which are at the size of 28meters to 35 meters. 
Two decks gulets are small in size, so spaces like kitchen, salon and living room should be designed very tightly. 
Three decks gulets are medium in size and most frequent in Bodrum, in these gulets spaces like kitchen, salon, living room, toilets are designed properly. 
Four decks gulets are big in size; this class of gulets are considered luxurious gulets, which are not only satisfying the size but also satisfying the luxurious needs of the customers.  
The ideal interior plans for these three classes of gulets are recommended after carefully analyzing this 15 gulets, it may bring some reference for further survey on gulets. Another acquisition is that, several formulas have been made according to the survey analysis.
 According to these formulas made and Türk Loydu's references some specific data is offered to every single size from 15meter to 35 meters of gulets which are containing the size of salon, bedroom, kitchen, toilet, corridor, height etc. 
As an optimization proposal of an industrial designer, it is recommended the simplification of toilet system and corresponding industrial design proposals, flexible usage of the bedroom such as separating and combing two room and corresponding industrial design proposals, integration of boat pole to the interior of the gulets and corresponding industrial design proposals.