Kayseri Develi Lisesi koruma önerisi
The preservation proposal of Kayseri Develi High School
Yazar: BÜŞRA UZASLAN
Danışman: PROF. DR. YEGAN KAHYA SAYAR
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Restorasyon Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2018
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture

Özet:
Bu yüksek lisans tezi, Kayseri İli, Develi İlçesi'nde bulunan Develi Lisesi binası için koruma önerisi geliştirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada yapının mevcut durumunun belgelenmesi, tarihsel sürecinin araştırılması ve korunmasına yönelik müdahalelerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bahçe içinde konumlanan taş bina, 1923- 1930 yılları arasında inşa edilmiştir. Özgün durumunu çoğunlukla koruyan, döneminin özelliklerini yansıtan nitelikli bir yapı olması sebebiyle tez konusu olarak seçilmiştir. Eğitime ortaokul olarak başlayan yapı, 1957 yılında lise olarak kullanılmaya başlamıştır ve günümüzde aktif olarak kullanılmaktadır.
Tezin birinci bölümünde çalışmanın amacı, araştırma ve çalışma yöntemleri açıklanmaktadır. İkinci bölümde, Develi Lisesi'nin bulunduğu Develi İlçesi'nin coğrafi konumu ve bölgenin tarihsel, sosyal gelişimi ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca bu bölümde bölgedeki anıtsal yapılar ve sivil mimari örneklerinden bahsedilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde Kayseri' de geçmişten günümüze eğitim anlayışı ve eğitim yapıları araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın dördüncü bölümünde yapının konumu, tarihçesi, mimari ve genel özellikleri incelenmiş ve yapının tüm mekanları, cepheleri, yapı elemanları, strüktür ve malzemeleri, yapıdaki bozulmalar detaylı bir şekilde anlatılmıştır. Beşinci bölümde yapının restitüsyon sorunları üzerinde durulmuş, bölgede bulunan benzer yapım sistemine sahip eğitim yapıları ve Türkiye'deki Erken Dönem Cumhuriyeti Dönemi eğitim yapıları incelenerek, restitüsyona ışık tutacak benzer nitelikler aranmıştır. Eski fotoğraflar ve veriler doğrultusunda hazırlanan plan, cephe ve vaziyet planı restitüsyon projesi ele alınmıştır. Altıncı bölümde restorasyona ilişkin önerilere yer verilmiştir.
Tüm araştırmalar, ölçümler ve çizimler sonucunda oluşturulan rölöve, restitüsyon ve restorasyon projelerinden elde edilen bulgular tezin sonuç kısmında değerlendirilmiştir.

Abstract:
This thesis intends to develop the preservation proposal of Develi High School located in Develi, Kayseri. The main reasons for selecting Develi High School as a case for this study are the importance of its values, location, its history, its architect, architectural characteristics and its ideological and symbolic role in early Republican period at Develi.
Based on the content of the chapters different research methods are used in this thesis. These research methods and documents used in the thesis include literature review such as books and articles on this topic; having several field surveys to Develi High School to get measurements and take pictures of the school ; interviews with the principal of Develi High School and the schools graduates.
This thesis is composed of seven chapters. In the first chapter the introduction with problem definition, aim and scope, methodology and structure of the thesis is presented. First of all for the documentation of existing building; the site plan was prepared at 1/1000 and 1/200 scale. Plans, sections, and views prepared at 1/50 scale. 1/20 and 1/2 drawing techniques are used for the details of building such as doors and windows in the building. Various color and scanning methods have been preferred to describe the materials used in the construction, damage over time, and periodic appendages.
In the second chapter, the geographical location of Develi and historical, social development of the region are being discussed. Develi is one of the largest settlements after the provincial center of Kayseri province and is located 6 km south of Mount Erciyes. Although the date of the first settlement in Develi can not be determined precisely, there are traces of many eras. Hittite, Phrygian, Persian, Roman, Byzantine, Seljuk and Ottoman were hosted by many civilizations. Also in this part monumental and civilian architecture examples are stated.
The third chapter contains the design principles of the educational buildings Kayseri. These educational buildings located in Kayseri and its districts are listed chronologically in this section. Some of these constructs provide data for comparison in the restitution study.
The location, architectural features of the building, all spaces and elements and the deteriorations are exposed in detail in the fourth chapter. Develi High School was built in İzmirli neighborhood. İzmirli neighborhood is located in the center of the district and is a neighbor to Aşağı Fenese, Bahçebaşı, Abdulbaki and Ibrahimağa neighborhoods. The most important public structure within the boundaries of İzmirli neighborhood is Develi High School. Public buildings such as Develi District Security Directorate, Develi High School, Develi Municipality, İbrahim AğaMosque, İstiklal Primary School, Fatih Mosque (Surp Toros (Lower Everek) Church) are located on Cumhuriyet Street.
Develi High School is located in Cumhuriyet Street, having its front facades parallel to the street, and the arms of both U- shaped blocks facing the street. The school is located in a large garden. The garden, which has a large area of 4920 m2, is arranged in two different stories.The school garden has two entrances and the annex building shares the same garden with the building and was built in 1948.
The main school building was built on the area that previously used as a cemetery in 1923. Building was used as a secondary school from 1933 to 1957. Develi High School has been used as a high school since 1957. It is understood from the documents in the school archive that the construction was repaired in 1964 and in 1988. In 2009 the main building was registered as an ancient monument to be protected by the Turkish Republic Ministry of Culture, Supreme Council of Antiquities and Cultural Heritage Property. The conservation area of the building was identified by marking it on the 1/1000 scale cadastre plan in the same document.
The architecture is Süleyman Unutulmaz'dır. Süleyman Unutulmaz was born at 01.07.1882 in Develi and his father's name is Ahmet, his mother's name is Fatma Hanım, the architect died in 12.01.1956 in his native Develi.
The building is two stories high and has a half basement. It is arranged in symmetrical U- shaped mass and its arms are facing Cumhuriyet Street. The main entrance of the building is made through the stairs located on the northwest at the symmetry axis.
Other than the main entrance, there are a total of 3 entrances on the basement level,which provide access to the basement floor. The building is organized in a way that has windows at one side of the corridor and classes at the other side of the corridor. In the northeastern and the southwestern end of the corridor, two-armed staircases are located. The ground floor plan is repeated in the first floor.
In fourth chapter, all spaces, all rooms and all facades in the structure are explained in detail. The materials used in construction and deterioration are also examined in this section. Deterioration in the structure, deterioration caused by user intervention, structural deterioration and material deterioration are examined under three main headings. From its first date of construction, the building has been functioning as a school day by day, but many changes have been made in the building to meet the needs of the school function. Structurally, the mason building, which is not in bad condition, has undergone some repairs.
In the fifth chapter, restitution researches, problems and restitution proposals are mentioned. This chapter deals with restitution issues by literature review such as books and articles on this topic, archival research for old photos or documents, interviews and making comparisons with educational buildings with similar construction system in Kayseri and same era educational buildings in Turkey.
The educational buildings that are compared with Develi High School in Kayseri; Kayseri High School (1904), Gesi Primary School(1908), Develi İstiklal Primary School (1913) ve Gazipaşa Primary School (1914). The educational buildings that are compared with Develi High School in Turkey; Sadullah Koloğlu Primary School (1914), Antalya Gazi Mustafa Kemal Primary School (1915), Gazi ve Latife Schools (1925), Mimar Kemal Primary School (1927), Şile Demirtaş Paşa Primary School (1927), Yozgat Cumhuriyet Primary School (1927), Malatya Gazi Primary School (1933). The similarities and differences between the Develi High School and these constructions were examined in terms of plan typology, the relation of the plan layout to the facade, the facade arrangement and the construction element.
In the sixth chapter, proposals are made about the restoration. The information obtained by the material analysis, damage analysis and restitution studies and changes and additions to the structure were determined. Restoration work, the structure of the observed degradation was investigated how to eliminate the distorting effects of the interventions and the historic and aesthetic values of the structure over time.
The interventions for restoration of the building are under its head; cleaning and removing the unqualified attachments, integrate, consolidation and renovation / reconstruction. The unqualified attachments that distort the integrity of the structure must be removed. Suggestions have been made to ensure that the interventions to be carried out in line with the needs are reversible instead of the annexes removed in terms of the integrity of the plan diagram.
The findings and results of the survey, restitution, and restoration projects are evaluated at the end of the thesis.