Toplu konut kullanıcılarının konut ve çevresinden memnuniyetlerinin belirlenmesi: Bahçeşehir örneği /
Yazar: ÖMER LÜTFİ KELLEKCİ
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. LALE BERKÖZ
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı / Şehir Planlama Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1998
Konu: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning
Dizin: Kullanıcı tatmini = User satisfaction ; Toplu konutlar = Mass houses ; İstanbul-Bahçeşehir = İstanbul-Bahçeşehir

Özet:
İnsanın temel ihtiyaçlarından birisi olan konut ihtiyacı, ülkemizde de gerek doğal nüfus artışı, gerekse kırsal kesimlerden kentsel kesimlere göç doğrultusunda, mevcut konutların eskimesi, yenilerine ihtiyaç duyulması sonucunda gündemdedir. Konut ; günümüzde, çevresiyle, sosyal ve teknik altyapısıyla, komşuluk yapılacak insan kitlesiyle bir bütün olarak görülmektedir. İnsanlar kendi yaşam tarzlarına, ihtiyaçlarına ne kadar uygun konut sahibi olurlarsa, hayatlarında da o denli başarılı ve mutlu olabilmektedirler. Bahçeşehir Toplu Konut Alanı, gerek yapımının etaplara ve alt bölümlere ayrılmasıyla kısa sürede tamamlanması, gerekse sosyal ve teknik kentsel altyapısının, içinde barındıracağı nüfus için yeterli olarak planlanması ve gerçekleştirilmesinden dolayı ülkemizde başarıyla gerçekleştirilen toplu konut üretimi örneklerindendir. Bu tez çalışması kapsamında, Bahçeşehir Toplu Konut Alanı'ndaki konut kullanıcılarının konut ve konut çevresinden memnuniyetleri araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, konut ve konut çevresi kavramları, Türkiye'deki Toplu Konut Politikaları gelişimi, insan-çevre ilişkisi, konut kullanıcılarının konut ve konut çevresinden memnuniyetlerini etkileyen etkenler incelenmiştir. Bahçeşehir Toplu Konut Alanı 'nın konumu, çevre ilişkileri, ulaşım bağlantıları, doğal çevre özellikleri, planlama süreci ve planlama ilkeleri, kentsel sosyal ve teknik altyapı özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Dört etaptan oluşan Bahçeşehir Toplu Konut Alanı'nın inşaatı tamamlanmış olan birinci etabında oturan ailelerle, ticaret alanlarında toplam 400 adet anket soruşturması yapılmıştır. Yapılan anket soruşturmasıyla toplu konut alanında yaşayan insanların, yaşadıkları toplu konut alanından memnuniyetleri saptanmaya çalışılmıştır. Tezin sonunda yapılan çalışmanın sonuçları verilmiş, genel değerlendirme yapılmıştır. XVII

Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to examine the residents' satisfaction of their house and their housing environment in mass housing areas. This study consists of seven consequent parts. The first part of this master thesis focuses on urbanisation and housing problem of Turkey. Between 1950 and 1990, the urban population of the industrialized world increased by %80; during the same period, the urban population in the industrializing world increased by more than %400. The pace and scale of urbanization exacerbate all sorts of problems, including housing. Like other countries of the world, after 1950's, because of the mechanization of the traditionel agriculture system, many people became unemployed. This labor force migrated from the rural areas to the big cities like Ankara, Istanbul, İzmir to be employed. Because of the dense migrated population and by the natural increase in population, there appeared short of accomodation and residential areas. This situation is followed by building favelas in order to solve the problem on areas with no infrastructure and poor sanitary conditions. Mass housing laws are made to make easy housing production, to improve infrastructure standards of houses in which people are living in poor health conditions and to make possible getting a house for people who are in need of it. In the second part, housing and housing environment is investigated. Housing has got a lot of features like being shelter, a production good, a consumption good, an investement good. Beyond providing shelter, housing serves numerous other functions in modern societies. Housing is also "an investement good, the only major investement of most families; it is an industrial sector, providing jobs and income for many; and it is a social good, which governments attempt to provide for all income classes. Housing is a whole with social and technical infrastructure which consists its environment. In the third part, the development of mass housing policies are examined. In Turkey, after 1950's housing cooperative system is supported and government tried to prevent the raise of favelas. Government tried to divert the savings of the middle class to housing sector. xviuAfter 1960 housing problem and augmentation of housing production took place in Five Year Term Development Planning. Financing housing credits and government's help to people who were trying to construct their own house became one of the important goals of the government. After 1980, mass housing laws supported mass housing production instead of individual housing production. After 1990, the importance of housing environment, improvment of housing environment standards and importance of housing design stressed by 6. Year Term Development Planning. In the fourth part, human - environment relation examined. Free-will approach, possibilistic approach, probabilistic approach and deterministic approach are examined between human behaviour and environment. By these approachs it is possible to claim that living environment has effects on human behaviour. Always and every where human beings have some basic needs like accomadation, comfort, socialisation which are innate. But the most important of these basic needs is accomadation. In the fifth part, resident's gladness, healt in housing environment is examined. Until now researches showed that people in poor living conditions ( low income level, unhealty residential areas, etc..) has got high infant mortality rate, high suicide rate, poor health conditions and other social problems more than people who has got standard living conditions. Resident's satisfaction is related to; 1. Density / crowding, 2. Safety / security, 3. Aesthetics / appearence, 4. Site facilities, 5. Access to friends, 6. Site location / access to community, 7. Maintenance, 8. Economic cost, 9. Sense of community, 10. Menagement policy, 1 1. Personal freedom / privacy, 12. Residents' perception of surrounding community, 13. Perception of neighbours, XIX14. Personality characteristics of residents, 15. Demographic characteristics of residents, 16. Behaviour in public spaces, 17. Comparison of the current residence to prior residence, 18. Futur aspirations of the residents. In the sixth part, Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement's location, environment relations, physical environment characteristics, mass housing planning process and urban social and technical infrastructure features in Bahçeşehir mass settlement are searched. Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement is located on the west side development axes of Istanbul and it is 25 km. away from the center of the city. There are 5 sections in Bahçeşehir. Construction of the first section ( which has got 4 parts ) is finished. At first section inwhich people accomodate, there are 4374 houses. The social and technical infrastructure of this section is finished. Bahçeşehir mass housing area project has more social and technical infrastructure standards than the social and technical infrastructure standards average of Turkey. In the seventh and the last part of this thesis, the results of 400 questionnaires made in Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement's first section are given. The statistical results of the answers of the questionnaires which are frequencies are given and according to the frequencies cross - tabulations are made. At the end of this study below results has occured;. In Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement, family size is 4 people, mostly with 4 children.. In Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement most of the heads of the families and their wifes are in the range of age group 31-60 and children in the range of age group 12-17.. A considerable number of heads of families are university graduated, their wifes are high school graduates. Children are mostly primary school students.. In Bahçeşehir settlement, mostly families have middle or over middle income level and usually work on their investements. As the age raises, the income level also raises. Middle income level live in apartment blocks and high level families live in houses.. Most of the families has got houses which are 1 10-150 m2, with 3 bedrooms and 2 balconies. xx. Most of the families are landowners and they came to Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement between 1 and 3 years ago.. Families prefer Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement because it is secure, quiet, a planned settlement, it has got enough green areas and healty living conditions.. The houses which are used by the families satisfy their needs. Most of the families have got another house.. %60 of the Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement users made their daily purchase in Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement.. Friendship and neighbourhood relations is limited with a " hi ".. Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement has got enough area for education, health, menagement and shopping according to public improvment law. The size of these areas are more than standards of public improvment law.. Most of the heads of the households are working in European side of Istanbul Metropolitan Area and they go to their works by their private cars in 0-30 minutes.. Heads of the households who are going to their works by their private cars are able to arrive at their work place in short time than heads of the households who are going to their works by public transportation system and service vehicules.. Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement has got enough transportation services and parking areas for cars.. The technical infrastructure of Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement like electricity, water, natural gas, cable T.V., satallite system, telephone, waste services, heating and sewage system are enough. People who live in Bahçeşehir are satisfy by technical infrastructure of Bahçeşehir.. Families express their need for open market place in Bahçeşehir. Theatres, cinemas, cultural opportunities and entertainment opportunities aren't enough.. People are using promenade areas more than other open spaces. People stay at home when they are in Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement, and out of the home they are walking in promenade areas and they are going to the park.. Residents of Bahçeşehir are satisfied by grean areas, parking opportunities, social opportunities, shopping opportunities, infrastructure services, social relations, accessibility from Bahçeşehir to the city centrum. In genaral they are satisfied by living in Bahçeşehir. xxi. Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement's open spaces are secure, their lighting fixtures are enough, they are appropriate for disabled people. The separation between pedestrian areas and car traffic roads is good. Building density isn't high and children playing areas are close to the buildings. But shopping opportunities in open spaces aren't enough.. Most of the families who are living in Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement live at apartments. They want to continue to reside in Bahçeşehir, because Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement is secure, quiet, clean, planned and near to their work places. The results of this study show that people who are living in Bahçeşehir mass housing settlement are satisfied by Bahçeşehir's opportunities such as green areas, open spaces, parking opportunities, neighbourhood relationship. Bahçeşehir is a planned residential area and it is far from city's caos, noise and it's high density. xxn