Konut morfolojisinin kullanıcı memnuniyeti üzerindeki etkilerinin analizi
Analysis of effects of housing morphology on user satisfaction
Yazar: ÇİĞDEM ASLI SONGUR
Danışman: PROF. DR. GÜLEN ÇAĞDAŞ
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2001
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture
Dizin: Konut kalitesi = Housing quality ; Kullanıcı tatmini = User satisfaction

Özet:
Yapılan araştırmalarda, kullanıcının oturduğu konuttan memnun olmasının ruhsal ve fiziksel sağlığım etkilediği ve bunun sonucunda ise toplumun yapısı ve geleceğinin oluşması yönünde önemli bir rolü olduğu görülmüştür. İlk bölümde, tezin amacı, kapsamı, bu kapsamda kullanıcı memnuniyetini etkileyen parametrelerden hangilerinin tezin amacına uygun olarak göz önüne alındığı ve uygulanan anketin temel içeriği anlatılmaktadır. Bu bölümde ayrıca, tezde izlenen yöntem ve sağlayacağı yararlara da değinilmektedir. İkinci bölümde ise, konutlarda kullanıcı ihtiyaçları ve memnuniyeti konusu literatürden örneklerle anlatılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde, konut kalitesi ve değerlendirmesi konulan literatürden örnekler verilerek açıklanmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde, konutlarda morfolojik analiz konusu ele alınmış ve morfolojik analiz uygulaması yöntemleri anlatılmıştır. Beşinci bölüm, örneklem tarihçesi ve örneklem yaklaşım ve yöntemlerini içermektedir. Altıncı bölüm ise,konut morfolojisinin, kullanıcı memnuniyetine olan etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi, kullanıcı memnuniyetini etkileyen parametrelerin oluşturulmuş bir listesini ve anket uygulanan konutlarda yapılan analizleri içermektedir. Bilgisayar ortamında bu parametreler, analiz sonuçları ve kullanıcı memnuniyetine ilişkin anket sonuçlan değerlendirilip yorumlanmaktadır.

Abstract:
In the literature study that have been made, it was seen that the user satisfaction of the dwelling effects the physical and the psychological health of the user. As a result, user satisfaction, plays an important role on the society's structure and also the future of that society. The aim of this thesis was firstly to investigate the parameters which have a role on the user satisfaction and what has to come to mind when speaking of 'housing quality', secondly to search the relationship between housing morphology and the user satisfaction. After some housing layouts have been determined and analysed morphologically, it has been searched whether it effects the user satisfaction or not and to which degree it effects the user satisfaction. In practice, it should be known which plan layouts are satisfactory to which level and in what ways they are unsuccessful to meet the needs of the residents it is thought that the data that would be collected will be useful in the design process of the future housing layouts. This data is obtained with a questionnaire form designed to measure the user satisfaction, and the results are evaluated via a statistical programme. In the first stage of the study, the dwelling layouts of some housing settlements are obtained. These dwelling layouts are analysed in terms of their morphological characteristics by applying the Hillier and Hanson's syntactic analysis method, called Gamma Analysis method, which develops some hypotheses about the relation between principal syntactic parameters and social variables. XVIn this method, justified access graphs are used to represent the plan layouts of the dwellings. By using the morphological measure, obtained from these analysis. The dwellers' satisfaction about the plan morphology and spatial organisation have been interpreted. Dwelling layouts have been analysed and the access graphs and numerical results are formed. Then after the variety and the orderliness of the spatial organisation are exposed. In this study, morphology is meant to deal with relations and accesses between spaces. The dwelling layouts may not allow or may cause difficulties in perceiving the morphology at the first look. The classification through dwelling layouts merely, may result in some difficulties.When the dwelling layouts which seem similar to each other are examined, it can be seen that in fact they are very different from each other or contrarily, the dwelling layouts which seem distinct can have similar relations. Therefore morphology must be revealed in a more simplified way. The permeable structure layouts will be formed using Hanson and Hillier's method to achieve this. Some numerical results will be obtained through the examination of these layouts. In the following step, a post occupancy evaluation have been handled by applying questionnaire forms and the data which obtained during this process are evaluated via a statistic computer software. In the first chapter the aim and the scope of the thesis were introduced. Also the benefits of the thesis are explained. In the second chapter, the needs and the satisfaction of the users from their houses are explained. The needs are examined in two parts:. Physiological needs,. Psychological and social needs. According to the needs hierarchy of Moslow (1970), the needs of the human being are determined as the physiological needs and the other needs above them. The physiological needs are the basic needs and without meeting them, one cannot think of meeting the other needs that are related more with psychological and social needs. XVIAmong the psychological and social needs, the need of security, comfort, social status, social interaction, activity, peace and aesthetics can be taken into account. Also, these needs vary from person to person, according to personal characteristics. These are summarised as: sex, age, condition of health, martial status, family status, education, social background and specialisation. In this chapter, also the parameters that effect the user satisfaction are discussed. These parameters are e explained under these headings: the characteristics of the housing settlement, the characteristics of the dwelling unit, structure type, management and the stereotype of the housing settlement. The effects of the environment on the user are explained briefly, pointing that the environment effects the mental health as it effects the physiological as well. In the third chapter, the concept' quality' is discussed an the housing quality is explained. The environmental quality has two meanings; one is, related with the physical environment and the other is related with the perceptual environment. The nearest meaning of the quality of the physical environment is the aspects of air and water pollution, the running out of the resources and the results of the extreme population. The second and more complicated meaning is, the physical and the moral qualities of natural and artificial environment that support or doesn't support the cultural and traditional structure of a specific society. In this chapter, also a classification of the quality components is made. After this classification, the meaning, principles and the benefits of post occupancy evaluations are explained and the element of a post occupancy evaluation are given. In the fourth chapter, is related with the method to used analyse the housing settlements that were determined earlier. Morphological analysis method is used to analyse these houses. Bloch's analysis and Hillier and Hanson's analysis methods are explained, Hillier and Hanson's morphological analysis method is explained in detail for the reason it was selected to analyse the selected plan layouts. XVllIn the Hillier and Hanson's morphological analysis method, The morphological characteristics of a plan layout is analysed with the help of some kinds of graphs called 'justified access graphs'. In these graphs, all spaces of the house are appointed some depth values according to a chosen space called 'the carrier'. The carrier space in the analysis is the outside of the dwelling. According to their depth values, all the spaces- expressed with a dot- are put on a horizontal line numbered with the depth of that space. All the spaces that have the same depth values are put on the same line. After the graph is formed the analysis points out that some numeric measurements should have been made an those are; the number of spaces, the depth of the deepest space, the mean depth, relative asymmetry, reel relative asymmetry, maximum vertex valency and the space with the maximum vertex valency, mean vertex valency, cyclomatic number and the relative distributedness. The morphological characteristics of a plan layout is than can be identified with these terms according to the numeric values: 'symmetric/ asymmetric' and 'distributed/ non-distributed'. These terms are related with the permeability and the depth of the system. Symmetry/ asymmetry is about the integrating/ segregating effects of a space in relation with the plan layout. Distributedness/ nondistributedness is about the possibility of getting into and around in the dwelling in more than one way or only one way. These characteristics are described by relative asymmetry, reel relative asymmetry and relative distributedness. The fifth chapter is about sampling and sampling methods. After the brief history of sampling is explained, probability sampling and other sampling methods are described under the headings: the concept and the logic of probability sampling, the arrangement of sampling, standard error and the method of calculation of the standard error, simple random sampling, systematic sampling and sampling intervals, layered sampling, clustered sampling, non-probability sampling, judgmental sampling and quota sampling. In the sixth chapter, a list of the parameters that effect the user satisfaction is formed. These parameters are the parameters about:. the user characteristics, xviii. environmental characteristics,. building characteristics,. dwelling unit and space characteristics,. human needs. In the questionnaire stage of the study, to be applied on the residents a questionnaire form that consists of closed-ended questions, aiming to define the user satisfaction level ise prepared. The questionnaire was organised in 4 groups. The first group consists of personal information, age, sex, occupation, length of stay, previous dwellings' location, the second group is about the changes that have been made in the dwelling by the user, the third group of questions cover the quality of facilities. The fourth group is about satisfaction with the house. User satisfaction with dwelling also searched for the qualities of dwellings. The answers consist of five choices which represent different user satisfaction levels. So the user marked the suitable choice for himself and made declarations about satisfaction level. In this chapter, the results of the morphological analysis are also given with the plan layouts and the access graphs, and they are interpreted with the values obtained from the questionnaire's results processed in a statistical programme. As a result of the morphological analysis and the post occupancy evaluation it is exposed which plan layouts are satisfactory to which level and for which type of user, which plan layouts are the most suitable ones for who and in which parts they fail to satisfy the expectations of the user.