Robotik cerrahi ve cezai sorumluluk
Robotic surgery and criminal liability
Yazar: AHMET KARAKAŞOĞLU
Danışman: DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ RAMAZAN BARIŞ ATLADI
Akdeniz Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Sağlık Hukuku Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2023
Konu: Hukuk = Law

Özet:
Robotlar teknoloji ilerledikçe hayatımızın içine daha çok girmektedir. Günümüzde de robotik cerrahi teknolojisi tıp bilimi alanında önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Robotik cerrahiyi kullanmanın ilk amacı, verimliliği artırmak ve hataları en aza indirmektir. İnsanlar ve robotlar arasındaki iş birliği, cerrahi prosedürlerde ilerlemelere yol açmıştır. Ancak robotik cerrahinin tıbbi bir tedavi yöntemi olarak kullanılması sırasında oluşabilecek zararlar konusunda cezai sorumluluğun nasıl belirleneceği sorunu netliğe kavuşamamıştır. Tıbbi bir işlem sırasında bir sorun olması durumunda, robot, programcı, üretici ve yanlış komut vermiş olabilecek sağlık personeli arasında sorumluluk dağılımının tartışılması gereklidir. Robotik cerrahi kavramında, sorumluluğu doğru bir şekilde belirlemek için malpraktis vakaları ile komplikasyonlar arasında ayrım yapmak oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, robotik cerrahi uygulamalar sonucunda oluşabilecek durumları alternatifleriyle birlikte incelemek ve hukuki analizini yapmaktır.
Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde robotik cerrahiyle ilgisi olan kavramlar tarihsel gelişimiyle beraber açıklanmıştır. Açıklanan kavramlar hem hukuk hem sağlık hem de robotik ile ilgili kavramlardır. Bu kavramların açıklanmasındaki amaç konunun daha sağlıklı biçimde anlaşılabilmesidir.
Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde robotik cerrahi müdahaleden kaynaklanabilecek olumsuz sonuçlarda cezai sorumluluk meselesi incelenmiştir. Tıbbi bir müdahale sırasında bir sorun olması durumunda, sorumluluğun robot, programcı, üretici ve yanlış komut vermiş olabilecek sağlık personele mi ait olacağı mevzuat ve cezai ilkeler ışığında incelenmiştir. Suçun manevi unsuru olan kast ve taksir ışığında konu detaylandırılmış olup robotların ve yapay zekâ sistemlerinin cezalandırılabilirliği tartışılmıştır.
Üçüncü bölümde robotik cerrahinin olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri açıklanarak robotik cerrahi müdahaleden kaynaklı cezai sorumluluğa ilişkin örnek uyuşmazlıklar ve öneriler incelenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Robotik cerrahi, Yapay zekâ, Taksir, Hukuka uygunluk, Cezai sorumluluk

Abstract:
Robots are getting into our lives more and more as technology advances. Today, robotic surgery technology plays an important role in the field of medical science. The primary purpose of using robotic surgery is to increase efficiency and minimize errors. Collaboration between humans and robots has led to advances in surgical procedures. However, the question of how to determine the criminal liability for the damages that may occur during the use of robotic surgery as a medical treatment method has not been clarified. In case of a problem during a medical procedure, it is necessary to discuss the distribution of responsibilities between the robot, the software developer, the manufacturer and the healthcare personnel who may have given the wrong command. In the concept of robotic surgery, it is very important to distinguish between malpractice cases and complications in order to accurately determine responsibility. The aim of this study is to examine the situations that may occur as a result of robotic surgery applications together with their alternatives and to make legal analysis.
In the first part of the study, the concepts related to robotic surgery are explained along with their historical development. The concepts explained are related to both law, health and robotics. The purpose of explaining these concepts is to understand the subject more clearly.
In the second part of the study, the issue of criminal liability for negative consequences that may arise from robotic surgical intervention was examined. In case of a problem during a medical intervention, it was examined in the light of legislation and penal principles whether the responsibility would belong to the robot, software developer, manufacturer and healthcare personnel who may have given the wrong command. The subject is detailed in the light of intent and negligence, which are the moral elements of the crime, and the punishability of robots and artificial intelligence systems is discussed.
In the third section, the positive and negative aspects of robotic surgery are explained and sample disputes regarding criminal liability arising from robotic surgical intervention and suggestions this are examined.
Robots are getting into our lives more and more as technology advances. Today, robotic surgery technology plays an important role in the field of medical science. The primary purpose of using robotic surgery is to increase efficiency and minimize errors. Collaboration between humans and robots has led to advances in surgical procedures. However, the question of how to determine the criminal liability for the damages that may occur during the use of robotic surgery as a medical treatment method has not been clarified. In case of a problem during a medical procedure, it is necessary to discuss the distribution of responsibilities between the robot, the software developer, the manufacturer and the healthcare personnel who may have given the wrong command. In the concept of robotic surgery, it is very important to distinguish between malpractice cases and complications in order to accurately determine responsibility. The aim of this study is to examine the situations that may occur as a result of robotic surgery applications together with their alternatives and to make legal analysis.
In the first part of the study, the concepts related to robotic surgery are explained along with their historical development. The concepts explained are related to both law, health and robotics. The purpose of explaining these concepts is to understand the subject more clearly.
In the second part of the study, the issue of criminal liability for negative consequences that may arise from robotic surgical intervention was examined. In case of a problem during a medical intervention, it was examined in the light of legislation and penal principles whether the responsibility would belong to the robot, software developer, manufacturer and healthcare personnel who may have given the wrong command. The subject is detailed in the light of intent and negligence, which are the moral elements of the crime, and the punishability of robots and artificial intelligence systems is discussed.
In the third section, the positive and negative aspects of robotic surgery are explained and sample disputes regarding criminal liability arising from robotic surgical intervention and suggestions this are examined.

Keywords: Robotic Surgery, Artifical Intelligence, Negligence, Legality, Criminal Liability