Kent mobilyalarının kullanım ilişkileri /
Yazar: CANDAN ZÜLFİKAR
Danışman: PROF. DR. AHMET CENGİZ YILDIZCI
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı / Peyzaj Planlama Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1998
Konu: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning
Dizin: Kentsel mobilya = Urban furniture

Özet:
Ülkemizde yaşanan hızlı kentleşme olgusu, değişen yaşam şartları, değişen toplum yapısı ve teknolojik gelişmeler, kentlerin gelişimleri, planları ve görünümleri üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Bu bilinçle kent planlamacıları, tasarımcılar, sosyal bilimciler, yerel yönetimler ve endüstri ürünleri üreticileri; uygar, yaşanabilir, insan ihtiyaçlarına cevap veren, estetik değerlere sahip, çağdaş kentler oluşturabilmek için yeni araştırmalar yapmakta ve çalışmalarını, hizmetlerini bu araştırma sonuçlarına göre yönlendirmektedirler. Kent mobilyaları konusundaki araştırmalarda bu kapsamda önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada da kent mobilyaları konusunun öneminin vurgulandığı giriş bölümünden sonra, ikinci bölümde kentsel mekanların tanımı ve kentsel mekanların vazgeçilmez elemanları olan kent mobilyalarının tanımı, tarihsel gelişimi, tasarım ölçütleri anlatılarak farklı açılardan sınıflandırmaları yapılmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde de alt yapıya bağlılıklarına göre yapılan sınıflandırmaya göre, alt yapıya bağlı kent mobilyaları örnekleri ve alt yapıya bağlı olmayan kent mobilyaları örnekleri; işlev, konum, tasarım, bakım, malzeme ve üretim teknikleri, kısaca kullanım ilişkileri açısından ele alınmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde, kent mobilyalarının uğradığı vandalistik eylemler, bu eylemlerin nedenleri ve önlenmesi için dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalar üzerinde durulmuştur. Beşinci bölümde de kentsel mekanların ve kent mobilyalarının önemi vurgulanarak, ülkemizde kent mobilyaları konusundaki eksikliklere yönelik önerilere yer verilmiştir.

Abstract:
The last 50 years of speedy urbanisation process in our country forms some actual environmental problems. One of the most important problems is the need of urban space. As the designing urban spaces get important, the urban furniture takes attention which is a new concept for our country. The urban furniture is the element placed in the landscape or in the urban space for the comfort, information, circulation control, protection and entertainment functions of the users. From the first settlements of the human beings, people form the first examples of the urban furniture. Since the formation of the cities, the service elements are also created which are commonly used by the people living together. Until the period of the industrial revolution, the elements of the urban furniture can be summarised as street lights, fountains, classic sitting units and the hand-made panels of the street names. Urban furniture has begun to be used first in England, and then in European countries and America. They became the important element of the urban architecture in a short period of time. Between the years of 1850 - 1900, when the technological movements increased rapidly, new needs areformed as a result of the usage of motor vehicles. The usage of the motor vehicles, especially in the cities, condense the traffic. With the rapid increase of transportation density, the first traffic controlling signs and road paving have been improved and changed. In 1884, when the first telephone lines between cities are installed in America and have been opened to the public use, this provided the improvement and spread of this concept. With the increase of communication alternatives, the advertisement signs, telephones and information signs have begun to be improved as urban furniture. In 1920 the first studies have been started in England in order to be able to evaluate these improvements and by today, they had standardised 3000 elements. Cite furniture is related to urbanisation, urban design, planning, industrial and architectural design. Like the formation of every object and physical system, formation of the urban furniture is formed by the requirements and its historical formation period is related to the improvement of these needs in time. In the beginning, the urban furniture is formed in single forms by artists but today this is an industrialised sector of urbanisation and it needs large amount of products. The urban furniture can be classified into different groups from different points of views. For instance, cite furniture according to their functions are classified as:The aim of preserving - The aim of informing - The aim of signing - The aim of decorating - The aim of entertainment recreation - The aim of shopping (selling and buying) - The aim of sheltering They can also be classified according to the relations with the infrastructure. The urban furniture related to the infrastructure are: - The enlightenment elements, - Information communication and sign panels, - Telephone boxes, - Square watches, - Stops for public transportation, - Water elements, - Selling units, - Fountains,- Traffic signs, - Parkmeter, - Infrastructure cover elements. The urban furniture which is not related to the infrastructure are: - Sitting elements, - Waste-baskets, - Plant holders, - Sheltering elements, - Paving, - Bicycle parks, - Tree grids, - Children playground elements, - Statues. In this study the general definition of the urban furniture is made by visualising the developments and deficient. After visualising the statement of historical development and designing principles, in the second part ; the functional properties, important points of placement, material and production techniques, maintenance, vandalism protection ways of some main urban furniture are told. The importance of this subject is emphasised by theexamples of urban furniture design, production and usage in Japan as they have their own style and have an important role in the subject. At the end of the study, we see that the urban furniture technique is not developed as the concept of urban furniture is not improved in our country. Thinking the design of public spaces as a luxury spending, insufficient sources and not giving enough importance to the design of public spaces in the urban design period are the reasons for the undevelopment. As the required standards are not formed, the quality of the products is low and the kinds are not many. The choice and production of the products are made by different associations. So the adequate harmony between the workers is not provided, maintenance cannot be well done which causes confusion. And as a result of this, vandalistic movements occur. To solve this kind of problems, people have to be reached to the urban conscious which can be formed by education. In fact, when we compare our country to Japan in this point of view, we see a big difference in usage which also shows the level of education and culture. Although similar products are also used in our country, the reason for not giving enough care in application causes the resulting display to be quite different.