EURO ve EURO'nun Türkiye ekonomisi üzerindeki etkileri /
Yazar: ÖMÜRDEN ARIN TELLİ
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. GÜLEN ELMAS
Gazi Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Uluslararası İktisat Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2004
Konu: Ekonomi = Economics
Dizin: Avrupa Para Birliği = European Monetary Union ; Avrupa para sistemi = European monetary system ; Ekonomik etki = Economic effect ; Euro = Euro ; Türk ekonomisi = Turkish economy

Özet:
230 ÖZET Para devletlerin en önemli egemenlik simgelerinden biridir. Devletler çıkarttıkları paralar ile ulusal ekonomilerini yönetmekte ve yönlendirmektedirler. Bu çıkartılmış paralar aynı zamanda uluslararası ticarette de kullamlmaktadır. Ancak ulusal paraların uluslararası piyasalarda kullanılması problemler yaratmaktadır. Problemler de işlem yoğunluğuna göre artış göstermektedir. Bir ulusal paranın diğer ulusal para karşısında değerinin ne olacağı veya tasarruf aracı olarak tercih edilip edilmeyeceği tarihin her döneminde uluslararası ticaretin önünde duran problemler olmuştur. 1950'li yıllarda başlayan entegrasyon çalışmaları geçen her on yılda aşama aşama gelişti. Ancak bu çalışmaların bir çoğu da başarısızlıkla sonuçlandı. Bunun yanında her başarısızlık sonucu elde edilen deneyimler, daha başarılı çözümlere ve daha başarılı uygulamalara götürmüştür. Son olarak, 1990 yılında Avrupa Topluluğu ülkelerinin katılımıyla yapılan Madrid Zirvesi ile Ekonomik ve Parasal Birliğin genel çerçevesi, Maastricht Antlaşması ile de Birliğin ekonomik kriterleri belirlenmiştir. Yeni yüzyıla giren Avrupa ülkelerinin kurduğu Ekonomik ve Parasal Birlik ile birlikte başlayan ortak para birimi Euro'nun kullanımı, politiksel entegrasyondan önceki son aşamayı oluşturmaktadır. Ekonomik ve Parasal Birliğin kurulumu tamamlanınca dünyanın en güçlü ekonomilerinden biri haline gelen Avrupa ekonomisi, tek bir merkez bankası

Abstract:
232 SUMMARY Money is one of the most sovereignty symbols of the states. The states have been govern and orient their national economies by means of the moneys they emit These emitted moneys are also being used in international trade. However, usage of national moneys in international markets have been causing some problems.And problems have been presenting increase in parallel to the density of transactions. That the value of a national money shall be what against another national money, that the preference of markets as interchanging material shall be what, or shall be prefered or not as a saving instrument have always been standing problems against international trade in every stage of the history. The integration process that began in the 1950's has improved gradually for decades. However much of these works have been concluded without succeed. Beside this, all experiences being achieved after any unsuccesfulness have leaded toward some more sucessful solution then toward more succesful applications. Finally in the year 1990, Madrid Convention and general Envoriment of economical and financial union were specified by participation of Europan Community member countries and the economical criterion of the unity were specified by means of the Maastricht Convention. Europan countries which are entering into the new century having introduced Euro with the Economic and Monetary Union established that represents the finale stage before the political integration. As Economic and Monetary Union has been completed, Europe became one of the most powerful economies in the world and it began to use single and common monetary policy which is managed by a single central bank. This situation won't be easy for the Europan which are accustomed to live with their national money. Thats why introduction of the Eurowas completed step by step in the light of Maastricht Convergence criteria which made the macroeconomic conditions of the member countries closer. It's clear that Euro have pozitive and negative effects both on the union and the third countries. As Euro will affect member countries directly, these effects will be transmissed by the international channels and so the third countries will be also233 affected indirectly. Turkey will be sharply affected from this process because it is a member of Customs Union and it has been executing it's export (approximately 45- 46 per cent) and it's import (approximately 51-52 per cent) in its total trade with EU in the last three years. In other words the share of EU in our foreign trade is about 47-48 per cent for the last three years. So, The effects of Euro must be searched and the regulations and the official economic preperations that will make the macroeconomy of Turkey closer to the Maastricht criteria must be completed on the way to the full membership. İn this project, following the theorical part of the Optimum Currency Area, the developments in the Europe that occurred on the way to the political integration; as investigating the historical development of the financal unity and its institutional structure, the introduction of Euro and its effects on the union and Turkey. Therefore this study includes five chapters. In the first chapter, it is tried to be mentioned the therorical frame of the subject by explaninig the Optimum Currency Area. In the second chapter, it is formed a portrait of Economical ve Monetary Process in Europe. In the third chapter, it is tried to explain the progress period of European Currency Union. In the forth chapter, it is determined the effects of Euro on the Turkish economy. Finally in the last chapter examines possible results of Turkey's entering the Optimum Currency Area (hereafter OCA) and discussing another impilacation of EMU which is releatead to choice of exchange rate regime. In the contex of Turkey, the cost and benefit of monetay integration was discussed Finally we aim of thesis is to evaluate the comparative evaluation of degree of openness, elasticity of prices, degree of factor mobility and ratio of trade to output of individual countries. While preparing this paper, written sources and web-sites of government and legal institutions beside the books were used and the speeches of managers of these institutions were used in order to make this paper not to be an old-fashioned one.