Velid Ebuzziya'nın mektuplarına göre Lozan /
Yazar: AHMET TEMİZ
Danışman: PROF.DR. SÜLEYMAN BEYOĞLU
Marmara Üniversitesi / Türkiyat Araştırmaları Enstitüsü / Türk Tarihi Ana Bilim Dalı / Cumhuriyet Tarihi Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2005
Konu: Tarih = History

Özet:
Lozan Konferansı, Osmanlı Devleti'nin dagılmasından sonra kurulmus olanTürkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin uluslararası platformda tanınmasına vesile olmustur. Yani bukonferans ve neticesindeki antlasmayla yeni Türkiye Devleti'nin varlıgının birçokdünya devletince kabul edildigi bir atlasma özelligine sahiptir. Çünkü bu antlasmaylayeni Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti'yle muhatapları olan diger ülkeler arasındaki adlî,iktisadî, mâlî vb. birçok önemli alandaki iliskileri düzenlenmis, devletin bu ülkelerlebaslayacak olan iliskilerinin temelleri atılmıstır.Bizim yapmıs oldugumuz bu çalısma da, bir devletin baslangıcı ve gelecegi içinbu derece öneme sahip bir antlasmanın görüsmelerinin yapıldıgı ve sonuca baglanmısoldugu bu Konferans'a delegelerle beraber katılmıs bir gazeteci olan VelidEbuzziya'nın konferansın devam etigi esnada orada yazıp Türkiye'ye göndermis oldugumektuplardır.Tevhid-i Efkar Gazetesi'nin sahibi ve yazı isleri sorumlusu olan Velid Bey, 23Nisan 1923'te baslayan ikinci Lozan Konferansı'na katılan gazetecilerden birisidir.Velid Bey yola çıkıldıktan sonra ve konferans devam ettigi sırada yazmıs oldugumektuplarını Tevhid-i Efkar Gazetesi'ne göndermis ve bu mektuplar gazetede muhtelifgünlerde ? Lozan Mektupları ? baslıgıyla 95 adet olarak yayınlanmıstır.Yapmıs oldugumuz bu çalısma, ülkemizin tarihinde çok önemli bir yeri olanLozan Antlasması'nın, bu antlasmanın canlı sahitligini yapmıs olan bir gazetecininkaleminden yorumlanmasıdır. Bu çalısmamızın arastırmacılara ve özellikle LozanKonferansı üzerinde çalısmalar yapan tarihçilerimize faydalı olacagı kanaatindeyiz veböyle olmasını temenni ediyoruz.Lozan Mektupları toplam 95 adet olup bunlardan 6 ve 67 mektuplaraulasılamamıstır.

Abstract:
After the First World War Truce of Montrose (Oct. 30, 1918) were signed firstand then the Treaty of Sevres (Aug. 10, 1920) between the Allied powers and OttomanEmpire.Sevres was so harsh and hard to accept. Therefore the National Defense whichbegan by the visit of Samsun by Mustafa Kemal went on spreading, and the enemywhich invaded many parts of Anatolia was defeated. Allied Powers could be silent nomore and told the governments of Ankara and Istanbul to start the negotiations of peacein the city of Lausanne of an impartial state (Oct. 27, 1922). Therefore Ahmed VefikPasha mentioned the necessity of acting together by a telegram to the Turkish NationalAssembly and wanted Ankara to send a delegate with theirs.The Allied powers were aiming at benefiting the conflict between the two bycalling them apart. While this issue was being disputed the Rıza Nur, the Minister ofHealth, Hüseyin Avni Ulas and his seventy-five friends wanted the ending of theEmpire to be accepted by a proposal. And with a bill that was accepted in the 1stNovember 1922 it was announced that sultanate and caliphate was divided and sultanatewas abolished. And by that way Turkish National Assembly went to the Conference asone responsible body.As a result of the proposals of the Allied powers it was admitted to gather in thecity of Lausanne, Switzerland.The Peace Conference gathered in the 20th November of 1922 at 4 pm in theCasino Mont Benon in Lausanne. It was started by the speech of Habab, the chief of theImpartial Switzerland Confederation. After Lord Curzon smet Pasha had a speechstressing the importance of independence of us and said: ?we just want freedom andindependence as the other entire nations do?.After so many perverse disputes there was no way; and negotiations were cut inthe 4th of February. Then it was gathered in the 23rd of 1923 and the Contract of Peacewas signed. The Peace of Lausanne, after so much hard negotiations was signed in theceremony hall of the University of Lausanne. All of the documents that were signed inLausanne were the main Peace contract, 16 pieces of agreement, a protocol, manifestoand a last promissory note. It was not just an agreement between the two sides but was arearrangement of the political, legal, economical and social relations. In the preface ofthe Contract the principal of respect for the freedom and sovereignty of the states wasmentioned. This paragraph could be seen as signal of the Turkish side?s politicalstruggle under the same conditions with the winners of The First World War. And alsoit was important in the sense of the acceptance of the Turkish freedom and sovereignty.The Main Peace Contract contains a preface and 143 items.The important regulations made in the Lausanne Peace Contract could beenumerated in the titles: matter of borders, the minorities, the capitulations, thecompensation, the debts, the mending, and the straits and the exchange of population.This study we made is the letters of a journalist, named Velid Ebuzziya, whowent to the Conference, which was so much important as being the place for thenegotiations and decision of birth and future of a state, with the delegates. The letters,he wrote there and sent to Turkey.Velid Bey, who was the owner and responsible body for writing service, was oneof the journalists that went to the second Lausanne Conference starting in the 23rd April1923. He sent his letters after he set for the conference and when it was going on andthese letters were serialized in the journal, Tevhid-i Efkar, as being 95 items in the titleof ?Lausanne Letters?.This study we made is a rereading of the Lausanne, which has a principal spacein the history of our state, from the lines of a man that was a witness at that time. Weassume this study could be of much use for the historians studying on LausanneConference, and also hope so.Lausanne Letters were 95 but we could not reach the letters numbered 6 and 67.