Birinci ulusal mimarlık dönemi mimarlarından Muzaffer Bey: Eserleri ve sanat anlayışı
Architect Muzaffer Bey from the period of first national architecture: His arts and works
Yazar: ZEYNEP ERTUĞRUL
Danışman: DOÇ.DR. CANAN PARLA
Anadolu Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Sanat Tarihi Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Doktora, 2007
Konu: Sanat Tarihi = Art History

Özet:
Bu ..,ah~mada 1881-1920 ylllan arasmda y~aml~, Birinci UIllSal MimarhkDonemiiyinde onemli bir yere sahip olan Mimar Muzaffer Bey'in y~aml ve eserleri incelenmi~tir.Hendese-i Miilkiye Mektebi'ndeki egitimini yanm blrakmak zorunda kalanMuzaffer Bey'in adml duyunnasl Kemalettin Bey, Vedat Bey, Konstantin Kiryadikis veAlexandre Vallaury gibi mimarlarmda katJldlgl31 Mart OlaYl'mn amsma bir anlt yapllmasliyin dtizenlenen yan~mada birinci seyilmesi ile olur. Abide-i Hiirriyet sadece bu olaymarnsma dikilen sembolik bir amt degil, ayrn zamanda ~ehit olanIann defnedilmesi iyin in~aedilmi~ bir amt mezardlr. AmtJn govdesi havaya dikilmi~ top namlllSu biyimindetasarlanarak ve tizerine yerle~tirilen bayrak ve siingiilii tiifeklerle, ~ehit verilerek kazamlan6zgiirliigiin bedeli ve degeri vurgulanml~tlr. Amtm alt katmda bu olayda ~ehit dii~enaskerlerin gomiilmesi iyin dii~iiniilm~, kuru1~ olarak Selyuklu kiinibetlerine benzer birmezar ve mescit odasl bulunmaktadlr. Amt'm tasanmmda e~kenar iiygen ve dtizgiin altlgenmodiiler sistem kullamlml~tlr. Yapmm plan ve cephe kurgusunun temelinde Ortayag'danberi geyerli olan ve yiiceltilen bir biyim olan e~kenar iiygen ve Roma'dan beri sevilen birbiyim olan dtizgiin altJgenin seyilmesi, miikemmellik saylSl oIan 3 ve insam simgeleyen 6saYlIanmn sembolik anlamlarl ile ilgilidir. Muzaffer Bey Abide-i Hiirriyet'te ~ehitlerinarnSl iIe mezar yaplslm yepyeni bir biyimsel sentezle ele a1m1~ ve bu iki i~levi son dereceba~anh biyimde bir araya getinni~tir.111Sanatymm 51iimii ile yanm kalan bir diger amn da Konya'mn zirai zenginligillisirngelemesi iyin tasarlanan Ziraat Amn'dlr. Amtm baldeken tam kurgusu bir yandanAnadolu'daki baldeken yapIlar ile ili~kilendirilebilirken, plan olarak rnandala'yabaglanabilir. Amt'm zengin ve ne~eli siislemeleri Abide-i Hiirriyet'ten farkh bir anlaYl~tatasarlandlgrm gostermektedir. Yaplda kare, sekizgen ve alnn dikdiirtgeruer ternel almarakol~turulrnu~ rnodiiler bir sistem kullamlrnl~tIr. Amtta insana yakm oranlar, doga ile ili~kili4 saYlSI kar~lImza Ylkmaktadrr. Yaplda plastik sanatlarm vazgeyihnez giieii simgeleyenrnotifi olan asIan ba~lan biyiminde yortenlerin kullamlmasl Birinei Ulusal MimarhkDonemi iyinde iinik bir iimektir.Muzaffer Bey'in Konya Erkek Ogretmen Okulu ve Konya Krz Ogrennen Okuluyaprlan, plan ve eephe diizeruemeleri aylSlndan donemin diger omeklerine oldukyabenzerdir. Her iki yaplmn plan ve eephelerinin diizeruenmesinde alnn dikdortgene dayananmodiiler bir sistem kullamlml~tlr. Aynea Konya Klz Ogrennen Okulu'nda diinemin k1asikkemer biyirnleri iizerinde oynanarak yeni kemer biyimleri yaranlml~tlr.Sanatylmn Vedat Bey ile birlikte yah~ngr Hobyar Meseidi plan iizellikleri veeephelerinde kullamlan yogun yilli siislemeleri ile Birinci ulusal Mirnarhk Donemi eamileriiyinde farkll bir uygulamadrr. Heybeli Ada Hliseyin Rahrni Giirpmar Evi i~levselligi onplanda tutulm~, serbestye tasarlanml~ kiiyiik bir sayfiye evidir.Bu yah~mamn en onemli sonueu Mimar Muzaffer Bey'in Birinei Ulusal MimarlIkDiinemi iyinde degerlendirdigimiz yaprlanmn, temel ilkelerde donem yapllanna benzerolmalanna kar~m, oraruan ve geometrik tasarlm ozellikleri aylsmdan ozel bir yere sabipolduklarmm tespit edilmesidir. Sanatyl yaprlannm tasanmlarmda, aldlgl bah temelli egitimiizellikleri ile geleneksel sanat ilkelerini son dereee ba~anII bir ~ekilde birle~tirmi~tir.Muzaffer Bey'in modii! olarak evrensel begeni goren e~kenar iiygen, diizglin alhgen, kare,diizglin sekizgen, alnn dikdortgen gibi geometrik biyimleri seymesi tasanmlanm biiyiik birtitizlikle uygulamasl, eserlerinin estetik temellerini geometri ve matematige oturttugunugostermektedir.

Abstract:
This study describes life and the works of Architect Muzaffer Bey (1881-1920), oneof the important architects ofthe First National Architecture Period.Mimar Muzaffer Bey, who had to leave his education at the School of Hendes-iMii1kiye became famous when he won the competition ran in the name of the event March31 with his work 'Abide-i Hiirriyet' among the architects Kemalettin Bey, Vedat Bey,Konstantin Kiryadikis and Alexandre Vallaury. Abide-i Hiirriyet is not only a symbolicmonument but also a cenotaph. The body of the monument was designed as a gun barreldirected to sky with the flag and bayoneted rifles to symbolize the value and cost offreedom gained by martyrs. The base of the monument is constructed as a grave similar toSeljuk's kumbet for martyrs and a mescid room. The monument is designed with themodular system of equilateral triangles and hexagons. The choice of an equilateral triangle,which is a popular and a divine form since Middle Ages and an equilateral hexagon, whichis used since the Roman Period related to the meanings of 3, the number ofperfection, and6, the number that symbolizes human being. Mimar Muzaffer Bey treated the memory ofmartyrs and the form of the monument with a brand new synthesis, and he combined thesetwo functions very successfully.One of the monuments of the artist is the Ziraat Monument, which was leftuncompleted because of his death that was designed to symbolize the agricultural wealth ofKonya. The baldeken style of the monument can be related to the baldeken forms inAnatolia by its construction and to the mandala by its planning. The rich and cheerydecoration of the monument indicates that it was designed in a different way whencompared to Abide-i Hiirriyet. The monument is constructed with a modular system thatconsists of a square, octagon and the golden rectangle forms. We find the human body-likerates and the number 4 which is related to the nature in the construction. The 90rtensdesigned as a lion head, the symbol of power in plastic arts is a unique form for the FirstNational Architecture Period.vThe constructions 'Konya Erkek Ogretmen Okulu' and ' Konya Klz OgretmenOkulu', teachers schools for men and women respectively, are similar to the otherconstructions ofthe period in terms of their designings and the fronts. A modular system ofthe golden rectangle was used in both planning and the front of these constructions. Inaddition to this, a new arch style was designed for 'Konya Klz Ogretmen Okulu' derivedfrom the classic arch forms.The design and the tile ornaments heavily used in the fronts of Hobyar Mescid, thatwas constructed in collaboration with Vedat Bey is a different application for the period.Huseyin Rahrni Gurpinar's house on the Heybeli Island, Istanbul is a small resort residencedesigned especially for a functional use.The most remarkable finding of this study is that although the works of MuzafferBey seem to be similar to the constructions of the period, they are indeed different in termsof the rates and the geometric design features they foreground; hence they have a specialplace in among the constructions of the period. It was his success to combine the westernarchitectural features and the traditional artistic principles owing to his western styleeducational background. This study also underlines the fact that he based the aestheticfeatures of his works on geometry and mathematics because he chose the universallyaccepted geometric forms like equilateral triangles, hexagons, squares, octagons and thegolden rectangles as being his modules and he applied these forms in his designs verycarefully.