Birgi zeytinyağı fabrikası yerleşkesi koruma projesi
The conservation project of birgi olive oil factory complex
Yazar: SELİN DEMİRBAŞOĞLU
Danışman: DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ GÜLSÜM TANYELİ
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Restorasyon Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2022
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture
Dizin: Endüstri mirası = Industrial heritage ; Koruma = Conservation ; Zeytinyağı fabrikası = Olive oil factory ; İzmir = Izmir

Özet:
Bu yüksek lisans tezi kapsamında İzmir ili Ödemiş İlçesi Birgi Mahallesi' nde 379 ada 90 ve 91 parselde bulunan yapılar çalışılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, özel mülkiyete ve hazine arazisine ait iki farklı nitelikte parsellerde bulunmaları ve farklı dönemlerde inşa edilmelerine rağmen, yerleşkenin bir endüstri mirası niteliği taşıdığı bilinci ve bütüncül koruma yaklaşımıyla alandaki tüm yapıların mevcut durumları çizim ve fotoğraflarla belgelenmiştir. Endüstri mirası yerleşkesinin belgelenmesi ve korunması öncelikli hedef olmakla beraber, yakın çevresinde bulunan ve Birgi Koruma Amaçlı İmar Planı'nda iki parselin birlikte değerlendirilmiş olması nedeniyle tavuk çiftlikleri de belgelenmiştir.
Tezin metin kısmı, Giriş, Zeytinyağı Üretimi, Fabrikalar, Yağhaneler ve Sergileme Mekanları, Birgi Zeytinyağı Fabrikası Yerleşkesi' nin Bulunduğu Konum, Birgi Zeytinyağı Fabrikası Yerleşkesi ve Sonuç olmak üzere beş bölümden oluşmaktadır.
Giriş bölümünde tezin amacı, yöntemi ve kapsamı açıklanmıştır. Tez kapsamında, endüstri mirası niteliğindeki bu yerleşkenin fotoğraflar ve çizimler ile belgelenmesi ve korunması hedeflenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda yapılan tüm saha çalışmaları ve elde edilen verilerin işlenmesi esnasında kullanılan araç ve teknikler açıklanmıştır.
Zeytinyağı Üretimi, Fabrikalar, Yağhaneler ve Sergileme Mekanları bölümünde, kültür bitkisi zeytinin yayılımı, Türkiye'nin zeytincilikteki konumu, Birgi Zeytinyağı Fabrikası'nın bulunduğu İzmir ilinin 20. yüzyıl itibariyle zeytinlikleri, zeytin ağacı sayısı ve zeytinyağı üretimi kapasitesi ve zeytincilikteki konumu, 20. yüzyıl itibariyle Türkiye'deki zeytincilik faaliyetlerini düzenleyen yasalar ve kurumlar, İzmir' de geleneksel yöntemlerle üretim yapmış bazı yağhane ve fabrikalar, Batı Anadolu' da bulunan farklı niteliklerdeki zeytinyağı üretim ve sergileme mekanları açıklanmıştır. Araştırılan üretim ve sergileme mekanları, Birgi Zeytinyağı Fabrikası' nın restitüsyon çalışmalarında önemli rol oynamıştır.
Birgi Zeytinyağı Fabrikası Yerleşkesi' nin Bulunduğu Konum bölümünde, yerleşkenin bulunduğu konum ve yakın çevresi, bulunduğu tarihi dokudaki koruma çalışmaları ve yerleşkenin bu çalışmalardaki kültür ve endüstri mirası değeri incelenmiştir.
Birgi Zeytinyağı Fabrikası Yerleşkesi bölümünde, belgeleme çalışmaları kapsamında yapılan çizimler ve fotoğraflar detaylı biçimde açıklanmıştır. Bu doğrultuda, tez kapsamında Birgi Zeytinyağı Fabrikası ve işçi konutu için hazırlanan analitik rölöve, restitüsyon ve restorasyon, tavuk çiftliklerinin ise yaklaşık rölöve planları çizilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalar neticesinde, fabrikada kullanılan zeytinyağı üretim tekniklerinin değişimine paralel olarak mekânsal ihtiyaçların da değiştiği anlaşılmıştır.
Yerleşke ve yapıların yeniden kullanımına yönelik alınan kararlarda, yerleşim yerindeki siluetiyle yerel halkın görsel ve düdük sesiyle işitsel belleğinde yer edinmiş olması ve uluslararası örgütlerin tanımları ve hedefleri doğrultusunda, yerel halka ve ziyaretçilere, açık ve kapalı mekanlarıyla hizmet edecek bir yerleşkeye dönüştürülmesi ve halka geri kazandırılması hedeflenmiştir. Yerleşkenin, yapıların ve açık alanların kapasitesi göz önünde bulundurularak, Birgi Zeytinyağı Fabrikası için "Tadım Atölyesi", işçi konutu için "Butik Otel" ve tavuk çiftlikleri için yerleşkeye hizmet edecek ikincil yapılar olması önerilmiştir.
Sonuç bölümünde, yerleşkenin sahip olduğu kültür ve endüstri mirası değeri doğrultusunda korunmasının önemi açıklanmıştır.

Abstract:
In this research, Birgi Olive Oil Factory Complex, which is located in 379 numbered block, 90 and 91 numbered plot, in Birgi Mahallesi in District of Odemis in Izmir Province, were studied as a master thesis. In Birgi Olive Oil Factory Complex, Olive Oil Factory, employee dormitory and two chicken farms are found. Although there are two different type of parcelsin this complex, it was aimed to document the current conditions all buildings in there. One of the mentioned parcels belongs to Uysal Family (379 numbered block 90 numbered plot) and other parcel belongs to the state (379 numbered block 91 numbered plot). In addition, buildings were built in different periods, materials and techniques. In this thesis, despite all the buildings have been documented with photographs and drawings to preserve the industrial heritage, but first goal is to document the current conditions of the Olive Oil Factory and employee dormitory.
Olive Oil Factory, which were built in 1946, locates in the middle of the complex. Employee Dormitory, which were built at the same time as the olive oil factory, locates South of the factory. It has different size chicken farms, which were built in 1980's. These farms are in North and Northeast of the factory which are named as farm chicken-A and farm chicken-B. In this research, the aim is to document and protect the industrial heritage complex in Birgi which is the most developed one.
This thesis includes of 5 chapters which are texts and drawings prepared as a result of detailed research. Introduction, Olive Oil Production, Factories, Olive Oil Mills and Exhibitions Places, Location of Birgi Olive Oil Factory, Birgi Olive Oil Factory and Conclusion are the parts of the text. Also, photographs, charts and inventory receipts of some oils mills and factories in Izmir, photograps of Birgi Olive Oil Factory, Employee Dormitory, Chicken Farm- A and Chicken Farm-B are found in the appendices.
In the Introduction Chapter, the purpose of the thesis, used methods used and the content of the thesis are explained.
In the Olive Oil Production, Olive Oil Factories, Mills and Exhibitions Places Chapter, olives and olive cultivation from antiqutiy to the present, legal regulation of olive and olive cultivation in Turkey since 20th century, olive oil production and exhibitions places in Western Anatolia have been examined. Power source in olive oil production has changed over the centuries. These are person/animal power, steam power, electric power. However, the oil production process (crushing, presing, seperating) has not changed in time.
Also in this research olive oil factories and olive oil mills of various sizes in Izmir were photographed and documented in order to explain the similarities and differences between Birgi Olive Oil Factory Complex. Four complex researched were explained more details others and schematic site plans of three of them were drawn. At the end of this chapter, the exhibition places about olive cultivation, olive oil production and its history, the resconstructed ancient olive mill, the restored and re-functioned and the contemporary museums were explained.
In the Location of Birgi Olive Oil Factory Chapter, the location of complex and its surroundings were searched. The history of Birgi, the preservation works in historical settlement, the cultural, industrial heritage value of complex and its importance for this location were examined.
In the Birgi Olive Oil Factory Chapter, thanks to survey drawings, the buildings in the complex were explained in detail with drawings and photographs. Survey drawings, material analyzes, damage analyzes, restitution and restoration drawings were drawn for the Birgi Olive Oil Factory and Employee Dormitory. On the other hand, chicken farms were drawn only as a survey and schematic plan. The periods of the complex were drawn as a site plan. Restitution drawings were drawn with the help of the measurement drawings, interviews with property owners and local people, archive photograps and researches for similar olive oil mills and factories complexs.
Birgi Olive Oil Complex and also factory have undergone change in time. As a result of research, it have been determined that the primary changing reason is that differentiation in olive oil production techniques used in factory. Spatial needs have changed as production techniques have changed.
Birgi Olive Oil Factory and employee dormitory were built by the Küçük Family in 1946. In 1950's, it was estimated that the olive oil production was made by human or animal power with the help of one grinder and two wooden or metal preses. Employee Dormitory has continued to function as housing since the date was built.
In 1955's, steam engine and steam boiler were purchased and spaces were built for them. In this way, olive oil was produced by steam power with the help of one grinder and two hydrolic preses. Also a chimney was built adjacent to the factory.
In 1965's, dynamo was purchased to the factory and used as a power sources but a new place was not built for it. Olive oil was produced with electric power by using one grinder and two hydrolic preses. In this period, the snow disaster caused to collapse west side of the production area and the damaged roof part was repaired. Therefore, the form of the roof has been changed.
In 1970's, Birgi Olive Oil Factory was bought by Uysal Family. In this period, some places were demolished because of needs and new places were built. Olive oil was produced by electric power by using two grinder and four hydrolic preses. So, production capacity has increased. Therefore, it is estimated that the most amount of olive oil was produced in that period.
In 1980's, chicken farms were built in the north and northeast of the factory. However, their roofs collapsed in a short time.
The production stopped after the 1990's in the factory, where prodction was carried out continuously until 1990's. After that it was used for different funtion.
In this thesis, it was suggested to use a Tasting Workshop for Birgi Olive Oil Factory, A Boutique Hotel for employee dormitory and chicken farms for The Service Spaces. In the re-use of the complex, it is aimed to transform complex into an area that will serve the local people and visitors with indoor and outdoor spaces.
On Conclusion Chapter, the importance of preserving Birgi Olive Oil Factory Complex, which is the most important and developed olive oil factory of "Historic Town of Birgi" is explained.