Kent mekanında mikro özgürlük alanları
Micro independence spaces in urban scape
Yazar: TUĞÇE ŞAHİN
Danışman: PROF. DR. AHMET ARDA İNCEOĞLU
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Mimari Tasarım Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2015
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture

Özet:
Bu tez kent yaşantısını ve bu yaşantı içerisindeki mikro ilişkileri incelemek üzerine kuruludur.
Yaşadığımız çevreyle olan ilişkimizi yeniden gözden geçirmemiz gereken bir dönemden geçiyoruz. Varlık biçimimizden ileri gelen bir dürtüyle sürekli olarak dış dünyayla bir etkileşim ve iletişim içerisindeyiz. İlişkinin hem fiziksel hem de metafiziksel bir ilişki olup ve karşılıklı bir etkileşim halinde olduğu hatırlanmalıdır. Dolayısıyla insan doğada kendine yapılı bir çevre oluştururken inşa ettiklerinin kendi hayatını, benliğini, sosyal ilişkilerini de etkileyebileceğini düşünmelidir. Etkileşim sadece yapma eylemi çerçevesinde değil aynı zamanda bu eyleme ve 'çevre' kavramına nasıl bir anlam yüklendiğiyle, bireyin etrafındaki dış dünya ile nasıl çatışmalara-etkileşimlere girdiği ve nasıl dönüşümler yaşandığı ile de alakalıdır.
Kent mekanı hiçbir zaman tek boyutlu etkenlerle üretilen, yönetilen bir sistem olamayacak kadar dinamik bir enerjidir. Kent mekanı sosyo-ekolojik katmanlar, farklı hayat tarzları, değişken yaşam standartları, çevre ile olan ilişkiler, kültürel ve siyasal yönetim politikaları, siyasal kurumlar, dini değer ve inançlar, kentsel siyasetler gibi sayısı daha da artırılabilecek etkenlerle durağan olmayan bir etkileşim ve değişim içindedir.
Bu araştırmada, bireyin dinamik kent enerjisi içinde kendini ve bulunduğu mikro mekanını nasıl oluşturduğu, potansiyelleri keşfedip nasıl alternatifler yarattığı, kent mekanına yüklediği anlamlar, mekana müdahil olma sürecinde karşılaştığı sınırlamalar ve bu sınırlarla başetme yöntemleri, geliştirdiği taktikler ve kent mekanındaki etkileri keşfedilmeye çalışılacaktır. Kentlinin kendi potansiyellerini ve kentin ona sunduğu mekansal olasılıkları keşfederek nasıl yeni durumlar yaratabildiği üzerine gidilecektir, kentte yarattığı mikro özgürlük alanları incelenecektir.

Abstract:
This thesis focuses on the dynamic life and the micro relations that take place in the city. 
We are living a period that should be looked over our life and our relationship with our environment. We are in an interaction and relation with outside world permanently, leading the way to an impulse of our existence and willing. It should be remembered that this interaction is physical and metaphysical, also mutual and interactive. Thereby while constructing a built environment, affects on daily life, personality and social relations should be considered. The interaction is not only by constructing the environment, but it's also with how we understand the 'environment', how it interacts with the outside world and what kind of feedback we receive through this interaction.  
Urban space is a dynamic energy that can't be managed and created by one dimensional factors and actors. Urban scape has a dynamic-unstable potential to change by various factors such as -but not limited to-; socio-economic layers, different life styles, variable living standards, relations with environment, cultural and political management policies, political institutions, religion values, beliefs, and politics about the city.
Throughout all the history, the term city has always  been one of the most discussed topics in the world. Especially when we take a look at the urban planning ideas made during the last century; examples that are trying to create an unnecessary control over the urban scapes are very common. 
At the beginnig of 20th century, several studies are made by urban planners and designers for the ideal city; however in these definitons and images a specific pattern is dominant, this is a pattern that variaties are eliminated. It is realised that there is a significant attempt of stabilizing the situtations, daily lives and physical outcomes of these dynamics which seems suitable by the designer on a common fiction and image. 
Nevertheless city must be considered as an evolving ecosystem which constantly varies. After examining the plans focused on control and restriction, the opposing planning ideas are also mentioned. 
City is a dynamic energy. It has its own tendency of building surface waves like an ocean. It is hard to analize these self-developing waves, the human's fusion with these waves and its consequences. These daily actions in the city are interactive and multilayered. Just like a wave made by a single drop on a dynamic ocean, each drop will cause a new action and reaction. The new waves will interact with the existing waves, eventually all the motions will resolve in a common dynamic. It creates an undulation similar to individual's taking part in urban scale and life. 
City hides the potentials based on us (the actors), the traces of events and lives in it. Micro independence spaces which are discovered counter to present constraints and restrictions is the focal point of this thesis. 
Situationist Internationals Group is found around 1957. They are also interested in discovering these potentials exist in urban life and city. They believed that a total change in the society is achievable by creating detournements on routine and capitalist urban life. 
Detournements explains a new product definiton for existing sense and making styles. Individual's attempt on transfoming the potentials of urban scapes is also a detournement. 
Individual should discover new posibilities in the city scape within space limits. İn this thesis 'micro independences spaces' are defined as the spaces that is discovered by the person with 'detournement' method. Micro independence spaces can be permanent or temporary in the city scape. 
For discover the features of this spaces, making inventory has chosen as a method and the examples have collected from İstanbul and Ankara. The inventory has seven layers: where is using for independence space, detourment method, which action is using by the detourment, who are the actors, action is temporary or permanent and for the last layer this independence space is a spontaneous or a planned stiuation. 
In the fifth section of this thesis, a workshop which was focused being and personal creating in the urban scape is discussed. İt was organized Local Architectural Bags, is a design and research group that I am involve personally. 

In the conclusion, the general evaluation of the study is done and it is finished by the argument directed the aim of study. Through this thesis, the ways of creating independence micros paces inside a dynamic city life, the ways of discovering the new potentials of a space and thinking on new alternatives, making new sense of urban scape are studied. 
Furthermore, through these discovery and creation processes the limitations that the individuals face and their methods, tactics of coping with these limitations, and the effects of these limitations and the responses of the individuals on cityscape are examined. Within the scope of the potentials and possibilities of the cityscape, what and how an individual apprehends and creates his environment is also studied.