Aydınlar Ocağı ve Türk-İslam sentezi: 1980'lerden 2000'li yıllara devreden milliyetçi-muhafazakar bakiye
The intellectuals? hearth and the Turkish-Islamic synthesis: Nationalist-conservative balance extending from 1980s to the 2000s
Yazar: SEMA BASMACI
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. BERRİN KOYUNCU LORASDAĞI
Hacettepe Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Bölümü / Siyaset Bilimi ve Kamu Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı / Siyaset ve Sosyal Bilimler Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2009
Konu: Siyasal Bilimler = Political Science ; Sosyoloji = Sociology
Dizin: Aydınlar Ocağı = Aydınlar Ocağı ; Milliyetçilik = Nationalism ; Muhafazakarlık = Conservatism ; Türk-İslam felsefesi = Turkish-Islamic philosophy ; Türk-İslam sentezi = Turkish-Islamic synthesis

Özet:
Türk siyasi hayatında 1960'lı yıllar hem hızlı bir ekonomik gelişmeye hem de görece özgürlükçü bir anayasa sayesinde daha liberal bir siyasal ortama sahne olmuştur. Bu ortam içerisinde yükselen sol düşünce karşısında sağın bölünmesinden rahatsızlık duyan milliyetçi-muhafazakâr aydınlar 1970 yılında bir araya gelerek Aydınlar Ocağı'nı kurmuşlardır. Kuruluş harcında komünizm tehdine karşı sağ bloğu milliyetçilik, anti-komünizm ve muhafazakârlık ekseninde yeniden toparlama amacı bulunan Aydınlar Ocağı, 1971 askeri muhtırasından sonra Milliyetçi Cephe hükümetinin kurulmasında öncü rol oynamış, etkinliğini 12 Eylül darbesinden sonra artırarak sürdürmüştür. 1980 sonrası kurulan rejimde Aydınlar Ocağı'nın "Türk-İslam sentezi" formülasyonu resmi ideolojiye eklemlenmiş, 1982 Anayasası'ndan eğitim ve kültür politikalarına kadar birçok alanı etkilemiştir. Özellikle toplumun apolitize edilmesi amacına yönelik olarak, dinin milli birlik ve beraberliği sağlayacak bir toplumsal kontrol aracı olarak kullanılmasında Türk-İslam sentezi düşüncesi önemli bir işlev görmüştür. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Aydınlar Ocağı'nın ve "Türk-İslam sentezi" düşüncesinin temel metin ve söylemleriyle, 12 Eylül rejiminin hegemonyasını kurma sürecine hangi noktalarda katkıda bulunduğunu ortaya koymak, bu düşüncenin izlerinin günümüzde sürüp sürmediğini araştırmaktır.Aydınlar Ocağı'nın Türk-İslam sentezi düşüncesinin, bugün ideolojik bir duruştan ziyade, kültürel ve söylemsel bir miras olarak varlığını koruması, bu tezin temel argümanını oluşturmaktadır. 1990'lı yılların başında Türkiye'nin küreselleşme ve AB'ye üyelik ekseninde girdiği yeni süreçte Aydınlar Ocağı ve Türk-İslam sentezinin etkileri aşınmaya uğramıştır. Aydınlar Ocağı bugün, küreselleşme, AB süreci ve Kürt milliyetçiliği konularındaki korumacı ve milliyetçi söylemini, sol Kemalistlerle sağ-milliyetçilerin oluşturduğu ?Kızılelma Koalisyonu? gibi platformlara katılarak dile getirmektedir. Fakat sol Kemalistlerin içinde bulunduğu bu oluşuma Aydınlar Ocağı Genel Başkanı tarafından destek verilmesi, Ocak içerisinde bölünmelere yol açmış, bu durum Ocağın etkinliğinin azalmasında önemli bir faktör olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, bugün küreselleşmenin milli kültürü aşındırıcı etkileri, AB'ye uyum politikaları, Kürt sorununun canlanışı ve ?Ermeni Meselesi? gibi konularda dile getirilen tepkiler, Aydınlar Ocağı'nın geliştirdiği Türk-İslam sentezinin içeriğinde bulunan milliyetçi ve muhafazakâr temalardan, Türkiye'nin dört bir taraftan sürekli tehdit altında olduğu tezinden ve aşkın bir devlet anlayışından beslenmektedir.Anahtar SözcüklerAydınlar Ocağı, Türk-İslam Sentezi, milliyetçilik, muhafazakârlık, milli kültür.

Abstract:
The aspect of Turkish political life in the 1960s was more liberal through the 1960 Constitution. In the liberal atmosphere of 1960s, nationalist-conservative intellectuals came together in order to gather right wing on the issues of anti-communism, nationalism and conservatism against left ideologies and established the Intellectuals? Heart in 1970. The Intellectuals? Heart played a leading role in the establishment of the Nationalist Front Government after the military memorandum in 1971 and its activity continued increasingly after the coup of September 12. The "Turkish-Islamic synthesis" formulation of the Intellectuals? Heart is attached to the official ideology in the process of restoration of political and social life after the 1980 coup. After 1980, the "Turkish-Islamic synthesis" was accepted by state elites and the Intellectuals? Hearth influenced many areas from 1982 Constitution to education and cultural policy. Especially as the purpose of depoliticization of the society, religion, that will provide national unity, was seen as social control tool. In this regard the Turkish-Islamic synthesis had been an important function. The purpose of this study is to understand the contributions of the Intellectuals? Hearth and the discourse of Turkish-Islamic synthesis to the process of depoliticization of the society and to investigate the influences of these ideas to today?s social and political life.The basic argument of this thesis is that today the Turkish-Islamic synthesis still affects the Turkish political culture as a cultural and discursive heritage, rather than an ideological stance. In the new process which includes globalization and Turkey's EU membership, in the early 1990s, the influences of the Intellectuals? Hearth and the Turkish-Islamic synthesis has been decreased. Today, the Intellectuals? Hearth states the nationalist discourse about globalization, the EU process and Kurdish nationalism, through participation to the "Coalition of Kızılelma" which is formed by the left-Kemalists and right nationalists. By the President of the Intellectuals?Hearth to support this coalition which includes the left wing, led to the split of Intellectuals? Hearth. This resolution has been an important factor in the reduction of the activity of organization since the early 1990s. However, today, the reactions on topics such as abrasive cultural effects of globalization, the EU cohesion policy, the Kurdish question and the revival "Armenian Issue", are powered by the Turkish-Islamic synthesis in the content of the nationalist and conservative themes, the thesis of Turkey is under constant threat and understandig of transcendent state.Key WordsIntellectuals? Hearth, Turkish-Islamic Synthesis, nationalism, conservatism, national culture.The aspect of Turkish political life in the 1960s was more liberal through the 1960 Constitution. In the liberal atmosphere of 1960s, nationalist-conservative intellectuals came together in order to gather right wing on the issues of anti-communism, nationalism and conservatism against left ideologies and established the Intellectuals? Heart in 1970. The Intellectuals? Heart played a leading role in the establishment of the Nationalist Front Government after the military memorandum in 1971 and its activity continued increasingly after the coup of September 12. The "Turkish-Islamic synthesis" formulation of the Intellectuals? Heart is attached to the official ideology in the process of restoration of political and social life after the 1980 coup. After 1980, the "Turkish-Islamic synthesis" was accepted by state elites and the Intellectuals? Hearth influenced many areas from 1982 Constitution to education and cultural policy. Especially as the purpose of depoliticization of the society, religion, that will provide national unity, was seen as social control tool. In this regard the Turkish-Islamic synthesis had been an important function. The purpose of this study is to understand the contributions of the Intellectuals? Hearth and the discourse of Turkish-Islamic synthesis to the process of depoliticization of the society and to investigate the influences of these ideas to today?s social and political life.The basic argument of this thesis is that today the Turkish-Islamic synthesis still affects the Turkish political culture as a cultural and discursive heritage, rather than an ideological stance. In the new process which includes globalization and Turkey's EU membership, in the early 1990s, the influences of the Intellectuals? Hearth and the Turkish-Islamic synthesis has been decreased. Today, the Intellectuals? Hearth states the nationalist discourse about globalization, the EU process and Kurdish nationalism, through participation to the "Coalition of Kızılelma" which is formed by the left-Kemalists and right nationalists. By the President of the Intellectuals?Hearth to support this coalition which includes the left wing, led to the split of Intellectuals? Hearth. This resolution has been an important factor in the reduction of the activity of organization since the early 1990s. However, today, the reactions on topics such as abrasive cultural effects of globalization, the EU cohesion policy, the Kurdish question and the revival "Armenian Issue", are powered by the Turkish-Islamic synthesis in the content of the nationalist and conservative themes, the thesis of Turkey is under constant threat and understandig of transcendent state.Key WordsIntellectuals? Hearth, Turkish-Islamic Synthesis, nationalism, conservatism, national culture.