Kalite 4.0 modelinde blok zinciri mimarisi ve metal sektöründe depo yönetim sistemi uygulaması
Blockchain architecture and warehouse management system application in the metal industry in the Quality 4.0 model
Yazar: ERHAN BARAN
Danışman: DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ TÜLAY KORKUSUZ POLAT
Sakarya Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Endüstri Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Doktora, 2023
Konu: Endüstri ve Endüstri Mühendisliği = Industrial and Industrial Engineering

Özet:
Günümüz rekabet koşullarında işletmeler her açıdan birbirleri ile yarış içerisindedirler. Özellikle kalite gereksinimlerinin tüm süreçlerde karşılanması ve tüm çalışanların katkılarıyla müşteri ihtiyaçlarının hızlı ve doğru bir şekilde yerine getirilmesi çok önemlidir. Bu düşünceden hareketle; işletmelerdeki tüm süreçlerin, kullanılan tüm teknolojinin ve istihdam edilen tüm iş gücünün işletmenin toplam kalitesinde yer alması, gerekli kontrol ve düzeltmelerin yapılması ve kalitenin sürdürülebilir olması sağlanmalıdır. Teknolojinin gelişmesiyle birlikte değer yaratmak için kullanılan sistemler ve süreçler de gelişmektedir. Değer üretimini artırmak için geliştirme süreçleri ve teknolojilerin yeni sanayi devrimine, yani Endüstri 4.0'a uyum sağlaması gerekmektedir. Dördüncü sanayi devrimi olarak bilinen Endüstri 4.0, imalat sanayinin dijitalleşmesi ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasında öncelikle Endüstri 4.0 çalışmaları kalite açısından değerlendirilerek bir sınıflandırma çalışması yapılmıştır. Sınıflandırma yapılırken, Endüstri 4.0 teknolojileri detaylı olarak incelenmiştir ve literatürde bu teknolojilerin uygulandığı alanlar araştırılmıştır. Sınıflandırma neticesinde, Endüstri 4.0'ın kalite ile olan ilişkisi, belirlenen kalite kriterleri ve bileşenleri açısından da değerlendirilmiştir. Kalitenin Endüstri 4.0 için çok önemli bir unsur olduğu görülmüştür. Sonrasında bir Kalite 4.0 modeli geliştirilmiştir. Kalite 4.0 modeli ile, bir işletmedeki tüm araçlar, birlikte ele alınıp geliştirilmiştir. Kalite 4.0 modelinde; İmalat, Tedarik, Planlama, AR-GE, Satış & Pazarlama ve Personel Yönetimi gibi altı önemli işletme departmanı için uygulama imkanı bulunmaktadır. Geliştirilen model kapsamında bu çalışmada, bir işletmenin önemli süreçlerinden biri olan, bir malzemenin tedarik edilmesinden itibaren depoya gelişi ve depoda muhafaza edilmesi ele alınmıştır. Hammadde ya da bitmiş ürünlerin depolanması işlemindeki temel süreçler, Endüstri 4.0 teknolojilerinden Blok Zinciri yöntemi yardımıyla kalite temeline dayanarak yeniden tasarlanmıştır. Blok Zinciri tabanlı Kalite 4.0 için bir mimari oluşturulmuştur.  Blok zinciri kullanımıyla birlikte Kalite 4.0 modeli daha etkin şekilde kullanılabilecektir. Bu model, bir işletmenin depo yönetimi süreçlerine uygulanarak, işletmenin mevcut sistemiyle kıyaslanmıştır. Kıyaslama yapılırken, Entegre Pisagor Bulanık SWARA ve CoCoSo yönteminden de yararlanılmıştır. Kıyaslama neticesinde, geliştirilen Kalite 4.0 modelinin daha etkin ve daha kapsamlı olduğu görülmüştür. Geliştirilen modelin özgün olması nedeniyle, literatürde böyle bir çalışmaya rastlanılmamaktadır.

Abstract:
In today's competitive conditions, businesses are in competition with each other in every aspect. In particular, it is very important to meet quality requirements in all processes and to fulfill customer needs quickly and accurately with the contribution of all employees. Based on this thought; It should be ensured that all processes in the enterprises, all the technology used and all the workforce employed are included in the total quality of the enterprise, necessary controls and corrections are made and the quality is sustainable. With the development of technology, systems and processes used to create value are also developing. In order to increase value production, development processes and technologies need to adapt to the new industrial revolution, namely Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0, known as the fourth industrial revolution, has emerged with the digitalization of the manufacturing industry. Companies around the world face significant challenges due to recent environmental, social, economic and technological developments. To meet these challenges, companies need to be agile and sensitively manage their entire value chain. Various innovations can be made to realize agile management. In addition, companies need physical and virtual structures to enable collaboration and rapid adaptation throughout the entire lifecycle, from innovation to production and distribution. Meeting these needs is essential for value chains to be effective. In addition, the future of companies is changing with the development of digital environments where value chains are more influenced by each other and processes become smarter. In order to keep up with this change, companies aim to reduce unnecessary costs, increase business performance and quality, and shorten cycle times. With the development of technology, systems and processes used to create value are also developing. In order to increase value production, development processes and technologies need to adapt to the new industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). Industry 4.0, known as the fourth industrial revolution, has emerged with the digitalization of the manufacturing industry. Industry 4.0 is the digitization of all physical assets and stakeholders that make up the e-value chain to create an infrastructure. With Industry 4.0, which leads the digitalization era, all production systems, processes, machines and environments are digitized. In order to achieve digitalization, it is necessary to use high technologies. High technologies have an impact on every sector. However, the sustainability and continuity of these technologies are also important and in this context, the sustainability of Industry 4.0 should be ensured. Making an example in India, he examined how emerging economies should transition to Industry 4.0. Environmental sustainability is becoming an important competitive factor among manufacturing companies due to economic markets and international regulatory pressures. In recent years, the increasing awareness of consumers about environmental issues has led companies to offer products that are environmentally monitored and certified. Process management has an important place in the philosophy of total quality management. Process management is a discipline that underpins and manages processes to improve the performance of businesses. While Industry 4.0 applications are being used more and more in the business world, it is not possible for quality management and process management to stay outside of digitalization. The concept of quality in Industry 4.0 aims to digitize all business processes in terms of quality in order to increase the use of Industry 4.0 technologies. In the quality management created by using Industry 4.0 technologies, the quality of the technology used in the enterprises and the quality of the workforce, especially the processes, can be monitored. Thus, the traceability, control and sustainability of the quality of all processes is ensured. In this thesis, first of all, Industry 4.0 studies were evaluated in terms of quality and a classification study was carried out. While making the classification, Industry 4.0 technologies were examined in detail and the areas where these technologies were applied were investigated in the literature. As a result of the classification, the relationship of Industry 4.0 with quality was also evaluated in terms of the determined quality criteria and components. It has been seen that quality is a very important element for Industry 4.0. Subsequently, a Quality 4.0 model was developed. With the Quality 4.0 model, all tools in a business can be considered and evaluated together. In the Quality 4.0 model; It has application possibilities for 6 important business departments such as Manufacturing, Procurement, Planning, R&D, Sales & Marketing and Personnel Management. Within the scope of the developed model, in this study, one of the important processes of an enterprise, the arrival of a material to the warehouse from its procurement and its storage in the warehouse are discussed. The basic processes in the storage of raw materials or finished products have been redesigned on the basis of quality with the help of the Blockchain method from Industry 4.0 technologies. An architecture has been created for the blockchain-based Quality 4.0. With the use of blockchain, the Quality 4.0 model will be used more effectively. This model was applied to the warehouse management processes of an enterprise and compared with the existing system of the enterprise. The developed model was compared with the method used by the company where the application was made. While making the comparison, first of all, a comprehensive evaluation was made with the authorized persons and managers working in this field in the company and this comparison was presented in tables. It has been observed that if the model developed according to the opinions of the company officials is used in warehouse tracking, a more comprehensive warehouse tracking can be performed.Afterwards, a multi-criteria evaluation method was used to make comparisons with other methods used in the warehouse management system. In the field of warehouse management, an evaluation was made with three competent managers working in high-level companies in Turkey. For the evaluation made through the questionnaire, the Pythagorean Fuzzy SWARA and CoCoSo method, which is an effective evaluation method, was used. With this method, the Developed Quality 4.0 model and three different methods were evaluated within the framework of 41 criteria determined by three decision experts. As a result of the results obtained, it was seen that the Quality 4.0 model developed was the best alternative.