Çözüm odaklı kısa terapi tekniğinin alt sosyo ekonomik seviyedeki kadınların geleceğe umut ile bakabilme ve boyun eğici davranışlarına etkisinin incelenmesi
The impact of solution focused brief therapy technique on hope for future and submissive behavior among woman of lower socio economic status
Yazar: ZAFER SELMA KÖKTUNA
Danışman: PROF.DR. MÜCELLA ULUĞ
Maltepe Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Psikoloji, İnsan Bilimleri ve Felsefe Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2007
Konu: Psikoloji = Psychology

Özet:
Bu ara trma Türkiye'de Çözüm Odakl Ksa Terapi tekni4i ile gerçekle tirilen ilkyüksek lisans çal masdr. Ara trmann temel amac Çözüm Odakl Ksa Terapi tekni4ininTürkiye'de tannmasna ve uygulamasnn yaygnla masna katk sa4lamaktr.Çözüm Odakl Ksa Terapi tekni4i probleme ve problemin tarihçesine odaklanmakyerine çözüm yollarna odaklanan sistematik bir yakla mdr. Çözüm Odakl Ksa Terapiinsan problemlerinin nasl a labilece4ine dair kendine özgü temel varsaymlar ve bunlaraba4l olarak geli tirdi4i müdahale teknikleri olan bir dan manlk yakla mdr. Hem birçoksorun alannda ksa sürede sonuç elde edebilmeyi, hem de ksa zaman içinde çok sayda ki iyedan manlk yapabilme olana4n sa4layan Çözüm Odakl Ksa Terapi tekni4inin tannmasnnve uygulamasnn yaygnla masnn okul, hastane, sosyal hizmet kurumlar vb. gibikurulu larda görev yapan uzmanlara teorik ve pratik açdan olumlu katklar sa4layaca4umulmaktadr. Çözüm Odakl Ksa Terapi'nin sorunlarn çözülmesinde çok etkin olmas,terapi süresince çözüme, ba arma gücüne, ki inin güçlü yönlerine, geçmi teki ba arlarna, içve d kaynaklarna odaklanmas yakla mn önemini arttrmaktadr.Bu ara trmada alt sosyo ekonomik seviyedeki kadnlara Çözüm Odakl Ksa Terapitekni4i ile dan manlk yaplarak, tekni4in olumlu etkisinin ortaya konulmashedeflenmektedir. Bu amaca dönük olarak alt sosyo ekonomik seviyedeki kadnlarla bireyselÇözüm Odakl Ksa Terapi uygulamas yaplm , gelece4e umut ile bakabilme ve boyun e4icidavran lar boyutunda tekni4in etkinli4i snanm tr. Di4er taraftan kadnlarn demografiközelliklerinin bu de4i kenlerle ili kili olup olmad4 da incelenmi tir.Bu amaca yönelik olarak Çözüm Odakl Ksa Terapi uygulamasnn alt sosyoekonomik seviyedeki kadnlarn gelece4e umut ile bakabilece4i ve boyun e4ici davran lardüzeylerine olumlu etkisinin olaca4 hipotezi test edilmi tir.Ara trmada deney grubunu 30 alt sosyo ekonomik seviyedeki yeti kin kadnolu turmaktadr. Ayrca e le tirme tekni4i ile 55 ki iden olu an kontrol grubu kullanlm tr.Verilerin toplanmas için Ki isel Bilgi Formu, Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçe4i ve Boyun E4iciDavran lar Ölçe4i kullanlm tr. Örneklem grubuna ara trmac tarafndan sorun veamaçlarna ba4l olarak 4-8 seans aras de4i en Çözüm Odakl Ksa Terapi tekniklerininkullanld4 dan manlk hizmeti verilmi tir.Çözüm Odakl Ksa Terapi uygulamasndan sonra verilerin de4erlendirilmesindetanmlayc istatistiksel metodlarn (Ortalama, Standart sapma) yansra niceliksel verilerinkar la trlmasnda normal da4lm gösteren parametrelerin gruplar aras kar la trmalarndastudent testi; grup içi kar la trmalarnda paired sample t testi kullanlm tr. Normal da4lmgöstermeyen parametrelerin gruplar aras kar la trmalarnda Mann Whitney U test ve grupiçi kar la trmalarnda ise Wilcoxon i aret testi kullanlm tr. Niteliksel verilerinkar la trlmasnda ise Ki-Kare testi kullanlm tr. Parametreler aras ili kiler ise Pearsonkorelasyon analizi ile de4erlendirilmi tir. Sonuçlar % 95'lik güven aral4nda, anlamllkp<0.05 düzeyinde de4erlendirilmi tir.Örneklem grubu olgularnda Beck Umutsuzluk Ölçe4i ön teste göre son testpuanlarnda görülen yükselme istatistiksel olarak ileri düzeyde anlaml bulunmu tur. Ayrca,Boyun E4ici Davran lar Ölçe4i ön teste göre son test puanlarnda görülen dü ü deistatistiksel olarak ileri düzeyde anlaml bulunmu tur.Ara trma sonuçlarnn 4nda; alt sosyo ekonomik seviyeden gelen kadnlarn hayatadaha umutla bakabilmeleri ve boyun e4ici davran larnn azalmas için Çözüm Odakl KsaTerapi tekni4inin dan manlk hizmetlerindeki önemi vurgulanmaktadr.Anahtar Kelimeler: Çözüm Odakl Ksa Terapi, Umutsuzluk, Boyun E4ici Davran

Abstract:
Using the Solution Focused Brief Therapy, this study was the first of its kind as aresearch project in Turkey. The primary purpose of this research study was to increase theawareness of Solution Focused Brief Therapy and its use as a new approach in Turkey.The basic foundation of the Solution Focused Brief Therapy is centered around thesolution of the problem, rather than focusing on the history of the problem or the problemitself. Solution Focused Brief Therapy is a counseling technique that has its own specificassumptions and related coping strategies as to how to bring about solutions to problems. TheSolution Focused Brief Therapy not only promises to offer solutions to numerous problems,but also offers to reach out to many counselees in a very short period of time. Therefore, thetechnique offers both theoretical knowledge and practical skills to many service providers inschools, hospitals, and community organizations. The reason Solution Focused Brief Therapyis effective in addressing the problems in a short period of time is that the therapy reinforcesthe solution, sense of individual accomplishment, and utilization of resources within and thosesurrounding the person.This study attempted to investigate the effectiveness of the Solution Focused BriefTherapy with socio-economically disadvantaged women. Based on the purpose of the study,short term counseling sessions were provided to women from low socio-economicallydisadvantaged woman using the Solution Focused Brief Therapy technique. The twooutcomes of the study in which the effectiveness of this technique was examined were theincreased level of hope for future and the decreased level of submissive behavior. Theinteraction of demographic characteristics with the outcome variables was also examined.Given the purpose of the study, the following hypotheses were tested:The Solution Focusad Brief Therapy will significantly increase the likelihood of hopefor future among the socio-economically disadvantaged women.The Solution Focused Brief Therapy will significantly decrease the likelihood ofsubmissive behavior among the socio-economically disadvantaged women.The sample of this study was 30 socio-economically disadvantaged women who wererandomly selected from the population. The size of the control group was 55, who were alsorandomly selected from the same population, women who are socio-economicallydisadvantaged. The data collection instruments included a demographic information sheet andtwo measures assessing the two outcome variables. The outcome measures included BeckHopelessness Scale (HS) and Submissive Acts Scale (SAS) both of which are used as bothpre- and post-test measures. Using the techniques from the Solution Focused Brief Therapy,the primary investigator offered 4-8 sessions of counseling to the participants in the sample.Following the Solution Focused Brief Therapy sessions with participants and the datacollection procedures, the data was analyzed using descriptive measures of central tendency(mean, standard deviation); inferential analysis using student?s t statistical technique wasconducted for between groups comparison for parameters that showed normal distribution;within group comparisons were done using the paired samples t-test. For parameters showingnon-normal distributions, Mann Whitney U test was utilized to compare between groupvariances, and Wilcoxon test was utilized for within group comparisons. The Chi-Square testwas used for non-parametric comparisons. The relationship between parameters wasevaluated using Pearson correlations statistical technique. The confidence interval was set at95%, or .05 level of significance, for all data analyses.Data analysis from the Beck Hopelessness Scale indicate that compared to pre-testresults, post-test results showed a significant increase in scores. On the contrary, the resultsshowed a significant decrease in the post-test scores, compared to the pre-test results for theSubmissive Acts Scale.Results show that Solution Focused Brief Therapy has promising practices inincreasing the hope for future and reducing the submissive behaviors of women from socioeconomicallydisadvantaged populations.Key Words: Solution Focused Brief Therapy, Hopelessness, Submissive Behavior.