Modern ve geleneksel yerleşimlerde konut ve yakın çevresindeki kullanıcı memnuniyetinin Ataşehir ve Kuzguncuk örnekleminde değerlendirilmesi /
Yazar: RAMAZAN ÖZBEK
Danışman: PROF. DR. VEDİA DÖKMECİ
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı / Şehirsel Tasarım Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1998
Konu: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning
Dizin: Geleneksel konut = Traditional dwelling ; Kullanıcı tatmini = User satisfaction ; Yerleşim alanları = Settlement areas ; İstanbul-Ataşehir = İstanbul-Ataşehir ; İstanbul-Kuzguncuk = İstanbul-Kuzguncuk

Özet:
Şehirsel tasarım kavramı ile kullanım memnuniyetinin birleştiriciliğini sağlamayı hedefleyen çalışmalar, kişi ve toplumların ihtiyaç, eğilim ve katılımlarına uyan çevreler yaratmaya yönelen eylemlerin geliştirilmesini gerekli kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; modern ve geleneksel yapım sistemiyle oluşmuş yerleşimlerde yaşayan bireylerin, sosyal, fiziksel ve ekonomik ihtiyaçları, tercihleri, inançları ve duygusal yapılarıyla yaşadıkları yerleşmeden tatmin olup olamama durumlarını; yaşam şekilleri, statüleri ve beklentileriyle ilişkilendirmek ve ortaya çıkan sorunların çözümüne ışık tutacak yöntemler geliştirmektir. Çalışmada kullanıcıların memnuniyetine etki eden konut ve çevresindeki değişkenler modern ve geleneksel yapım sistemiyle oluşmuş olan Ataşehir ve Kuzguncuk yerleşmelerinde test edilerek, sonuçlar, oluşturulan faktörler bazında değerlendirilmiştir. Yedi bölümden oluşan çalışmanın giriş bölümünde problemin tanımı yapılıp ana tema belirlenmektedir. İkinci bölümde, çevre kavramına açıklık getirilmekte ve çevresel memnuniyet değerlerini etkileyen değişkenler ortaya konulmaktadır. Üçüncü bölümde modernizmle gelişen yeni yapılanmalar ve bu yapılanmaların oluşturduğu sorunlar ele alınarak geleneksel yerleşimlerdeki değişen anlamlara açıklık getirilmekte ve modern ve geleneksel yerleşimlerdeki çevresel memnuniyet tanımlanmaktadır. Dördüncü bölümde, modern ve geleneksel yerleşimlerdeki konut ve çevresindeki kullanım memnuniyeti ele alınarak konut memnuniyetini etkileyen faktörlere değinilmektedir. Beşinci bölüm, Ataşehir ve Kuzguncuk yerleşmelerinin İstanbul bütününde yeri ve önemini belirtip, bu yerleşmelerdeki çevresel algı değerlerini araştırır. Altıncı bölümde, Ataşehir ve Kuzguncuk yerleşmelerindeki konut ve yakın çevresindeki kullanım memnuniyetinin geliştirilen yöntem dahilinde analizi yapılmaktadır. Sonuç ve önerilerin yer aldığı yedinci bölümde, modern ve geleneksel yerleşimlerdeki konut ve yakın çevresindeki kullanım memnuniyetini geliştirmek için gerekli olan önerilere yer verilmektedir.

Abstract:
While in general, designing process is the tendency of solving the problems between man and it's environment, the more definite meaning of this definition is the choosing and designing procedure of concrete components of the designer depend on his definite value systems, inside the environment where he has been. For this reason, the designing of the influence between man and his used environment in the developing and changing cities can be enabled by putting the value systems of the designer and user into one another. First of all, the housing problem in the developing countries are tried to be solved in quantity dimension; with the increasing environmental problems and developing values in the user's preferences, we are obliged to examine man and, social and physiological qualities related with the user. In order to determine this quality changes, it's necessary to examine, understand, guess and interpret by designing the user's opinion, sense, perception and behaviour related with the house and his environment. The aim of this study is to examine individual's life styles, statues, their expectations and their satisfaction or unsatisfaction from their living settlements, with their social, physical and economic needs, preferences, beliefs and feelings living in modern or traditional constructed settlements and develop procedures help to solve problems. In general, user's satisfaction from his house and close environment can be defined as the sensitive and evaluative response, reaction and manner of man to any physical or socio-physical object. This reaction is sensitive, cognitive or manner. Man satisfy as a result of the perception occur from physical and other social environments, such as family, school and business. Thus, satisfaction from house and it's close environment can be enabled by obtaining all this needs and in general satisfaction from life. Satisfaction or unsatisfaction feeling coming from the fitting user's expectations with the existent conditions in to one another shows itself in different ways of behaviours. These ways can be either doing structural changes in house and it's environment, different using arrangements or accepting the existent conditions by changing manners, or the user rejects the existent conditions and moves another place. At the same time, if there is no place changing process in the unsatisfied house and it's close environment, to use an unsatisfied space occurs problems evaluated according to man's tolerance limits and his general sense of life satisfaction.Reflection of the cultural deterioration and social variation beginning with Modernism, to space and physical environment have caused problems related to man especially in the house and close environment. With the individual's need, characteristic structures, life styles and statues, preferences, beliefs, feelings and expectations, changes in the transition from traditional structure to modern life are examined in this study as a new examination area. In the 18 and 19 centuries industrial revolution was realised which would affect fundamentally both human history and settlement systems. New technologies in this process tried to change and force the environment to be in harmony with it. In Western societies this new construction which cause the 19th century industrial cities brought many problems related to both cities and natural environments. These are :. Rapid urbanisation and increase in population,. Residential areas and industry are inside each other,. The transfer of much product to the cities,. Environmental contamination,. Unhealthy residential areas,. Transportation and infrastructure problems,. High density and agglomerations,. Textures without sun and green areas,. The corruption of human relations. All of these brought about the corruption of bio-physical and physico-social systems. In giving shape to the urbanised environment the basic pattern was speculation. The values over limited urban land increased by over demand and standard environment has been occurred. Blocks, streets and avenues similar to each other caused a mechanical urban texture; speculators, designers and engineers didn't take into account the topography, correct direction for dwellings, green lands and so on. In modern architecture and city plans, in general only functional anxieties have been paid attention. In order to recover the corrupted an far of human structure of industrial city which developed by modernism, new settlement models have been determined. The most important of all are suburbs and garden cities. Basically, new settlements created to get rid of the negativeness of modernism firstly aim to preserve the bio-physical equilibrium which is the basic needs of human. Therefore, both agglomerations in the existent cities will be prevented and development together with the natural structure will be realised.Except this physical needs, physico-social needs also can be taken into account. It's necessary to get the perception of the environment of people living in new settlements, organizationability and changing specialities. Also it's necessary to design the culture, communication and interaction. Both industrial cities began with the industrial revolution and new settlements developed by the hope to be an alternative, couldn't break the monotonous structure which the modernism brings. The hopes to make healthier the new settlements couldn't be realised because of value increases and false policies. On account of dense buildings pressure, these settlements equipped with unhealthy, monotonous and high storey buildings; inadequate green lands, physico-social designing and environmental needs of people living in settlements haven't been taken into account. In general the factors affected negatively the user's environmental satisfaction in the settlements constructed in modern building systems are :. Far away from ground and natural green areas. Unfunctionally defined open space. Difficulties in the children's control. Uneasy perceptible designing in the entrance and outer space formalisation. Mechanical, geometric repeats and linear formalisation. Similar and monotonous appearances of buildings. Mass concrete facades of buildings. No originality in the buildings and no individual control and organisation. Decrease in the neighbourhood relations With the modernisation developed against the industrialisation, traditionally settlement textures, the user relations in this texture and needs are also differentiated. Life styles and constructions needed in modernism are carried in traditional settlement textures. Today, environments formed by the traditional construction systems are squeezed among modern structures and traditional values; mostly served to migrants; inadequate infrastructure; different applications in house facades and materials used. Economic anxieties in user's satisfaction in these settlements are the main determinants. The second determinant is the closeness to the relatives and acquaintance. In this thesis, with the procedure occurring from this main thema, perception of house and its environment by users, definition of user's close physiological factors and theoretically examination of sense of satisfaction are tried to be defined. This theoretical searches are tested in two distinct settlements of Istanbul - modern and traditionally constructed- and examined the values of the user's satisfaction. One ofthese settlements is Kuzguncuk, which is traditionally constructed neighbourhoods in Istanbul. The other one is Ataşehir, which is produced by the mass housing policies in modern style. The satisfaction criteria of the users in the two settlements are examined in five main factors. These are:. Satisfaction from neighbourhood relations,. Satisfaction from the physical adequacy of the environment,. Satisfaction from public facilities,. Satisfaction from the adequacy of the economical facility,. Satisfaction from dwellings. These satisfaction values examined factorally are interrogated according to ages, sexes, business and education of people living in neighbourhoods. The thesis consists of seven chapters. In the first introductory chapter, subjects are examined generally and, the main thema, description of the problem and procedure are explained. In the second chapter, the concept of environment and perceptive and behavioural environment in this concept are described. The concept of location and locational addiction are explained clearly. At the same time, the influence of culture over environment or the influence of environment over culture and by using this influence, developed opinions and ideas are argued. In the third chapter, the user's environmental satisfaction values in modern and traditionally constructed settlements are searched. In this chapter, restructuring developed with modernism and problems occurred from this structuring is determined. By putting changing meanings in the traditional settlements, modern and traditional concepts in environmental satisfaction are explained. In the fourth chapter, the using satisfaction from house and its close environment in the modern and traditional settlements are searched. In this chapter, a theoretical frame related to the subject is drawn. Studies in Turkey about the satisfaction and factors affect the house satisfactions are examined. In the fifth chapter, modern and traditional construction and value qualities in Istanbul's history, cultural process and identity are determined. In this point of view Ataşehir and Kuzguncuk as an example to modern and traditional settlements in Istanbul are chosen. Environmental perception and visual structure values are argued.In the sixth chapter, around the concepts in the previous chapters, using satisfaction from house and it's environment in Ataşehir and Kuzguncuk settlements are searched by the developed procedure. In the last seventh chapter, there is conclusion and proposals. Around the concepts in the previous chapters, for the increase in the satisfaction values in modern and traditional settlements, procedures needed to be developed are defined.