Emmanuel Levinas'ın felsefesinde din
The concept of religion at philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas
Yazar: NUR BETÜL ATAKUL
Danışman: YRD. DOÇ. DR. ZEYNEP GEMUHLUOĞLU
Marmara Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı / Felsefe ve Din Bilimleri Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2012
Konu: Felsefe = Philosophy
Dizin: Din = Religion ; Din felsefesi = Religious philosophy ; Felsefe = Philosophy ; Levinas, Emmanuel = Levinas, Emmanuel

Özet:
Levinas Batı felsefesinin ontoloji üzerine inşa edilmiş ben-merkezciliğini eleştirerek, kendi felsefesini, etiği ilk felsefe olarak kabul etmek suretiyle kurmuştur. Onun etiğinde Başka'nın ve aşkınlığın hakimiyeti söz konusudur. Levinas'ın etiğinde ontolojik düzen ?varlıktan başka türlü?nün müdahalesiyle geri döndürülemez bir biçimde kırılmaya uğratılmıştır. Öznenin, bilincin ışığı altında kurduğu hâkimiyeti sona erdirmeyi hedefleyen Levinasçı etiğin temel gayesi, ötekini öznenin ufkuna tümüyle başka ve yüce olarak sokmaktır. Bu sayede özne, öteki ile olan ilişkisinde, gerçek ve devredilemez sorumluluğunu üstlenecektir.Levinas'ın felsefesini, Yahudi dininin onun düşüncesi üzerindeki etkisini hesaba katmaksızın, doğru bir biçimde anlamak mümkün değildir. O, felsefi ve dini içerikli yapıtlarını birbirinden ayrı tutmakla beraber, her ikisinde de etiğin önceliğini temel mesele olarak ele almıştır.Buradan hareketle, bu çalışmada, Levinas'ın eserlerinde durmaksızın vurgu yapılan etiğe, onun kendilerinde tezahür ettiği kavramlara, bu kavramların kökenleri cihetiyle yaklaşılmaya çalışıldı. Levinas'ın yapıtında yer alan dini kavramlar ile felsefi kavramlar arasında rabıtalar, ödünç alıp vermeler olduğu gösterildi. Bu yapılırken onun dini ve felsefi düşünceleri arasında bir sınır çekip, filozofun düşüncesini salt felsefi veya salt teolojik olarak okumanın imkânsızlığının altı çizildi. Levinas'ın bütün yapıtlarında ele aldığı temel meselenin, aşkınlığın müdahalesinin başlattığı etik ilişki olduğu ve bu etiğin onun açısından anlamın temel kaynağı olarak anlaşıldığı gösterilmeye çalışıldı.By criticizing the ontology based ego-centrism of Western philosophy, Levinas established his philosophy by acknowledging the ethics as the first philosophy. His theory of ethics is dominated by transcendence and the Other. In his ethics, ontological order overthrown irreversibly by force of the intervention of ?other than being?. The main concern of Levinasian ethics which aims to dethrone sovereignty of ego is to place the other person to the horizon of ego as absolutely different and high. Thus, the subject can take the veritable and untransferable responsibility of the other person.It is not possible to understand properly the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas without considering the impact of Judaism on it. As well as he separated his philosophical and religious works, he admits the priority of ethics as the fundamental question in his entire thought.Thus, in this work, the ethics which is emphasized ceaselessly in Levinas's writings was studied with regard to the concepts in which it is manifested and the origins of these concepts. It was indicated that there are fundamental relations and interchanges between the philosophical and religious concepts of Levinas's works. In the mean time, it was remarked the impossibility of crossing a line between his philosophical and religious thoughts and considering them solely philosophical or religious. In conclusion, it was emphasized that Levinas admitted the ethics as the source of the meaning and he handled in his works as the principle problem the ethical relation which was invoked by the intervention of transcendence.

Abstract:
By criticizing the ontology based ego-centrism of Western philosophy, Levinas established his philosophy by acknowledging the ethics as the first philosophy. His theory of ethics is dominated by transcendence and the Other. In his ethics, ontological order overthrown irreversibly by force of the intervention of ?other than being?. The main concern of Levinasian ethics which aims to dethrone sovereignty of ego is to place the other person to the horizon of ego as absolutely different and high. Thus, the subject can take the veritable and untransferable responsibility of the other person.It is not possible to understand properly the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas without considering the impact of Judaism on it. As well as he separated his philosophical and religious works, he admits the priority of ethics as the fundamental question in his entire thought.Thus, in this work, the ethics which is emphasized ceaselessly in Levinas?s writings was studied with regard to the concepts in which it is manifested and the origins of these concepts. It was indicated that there are fundamental relations and interchanges between the philosophical and religious concepts of Levinas?s works. In the mean time, it was remarked the impossibility of crossing a line between his philosophical and religious thoughts and considering them solely philosophical or religious. In conclusion, it was emphasized that Levinas admitted the ethics as the source of the meaning and he handled in his works as the principle problem the ethical relation which was invoked by the intervention of transcendence.