Doğu Anadolu Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü İşletmesi şartlarında yetiştirilen Doğu Anadolu kırmızısı esmer ve siyah alaca sığırların yaşama gücü ve ömür uzunluğu özellikleri
Livability and longevity of brown swiss, holstein fresian and Eastern Anatolian red cattle breeds raised in Eastern Anatolia Agricultural Research İnstitute conditions
Yazar: ESRA KAYA
Danışman: PROF. DR. ÖMER AKBULUT ; PROF. DR. NACİ TÜZEMEN ; PROF. DR. İBRAHİM ÖRÜNG
Atatürk Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Zootekni Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2007
Konu: Ziraat = Agriculture

Özet:
Bu 9ah§mada, Dogu Anadolu Tarimsal Arastirma Enstitiisii isletmesinde 1991-2004yillan arasmda yetistirilen Esmer (E), Siyah Alaca (SA) ve Dogu Anadolu Kirmizisi(DAK) buzagilara ait kayitlar kullamlmistir. Cahsmia, bu buzagilarm yasama giiciinii,duvelerin sliriide kalma durumunu ve hayvanlarm ilk buzagilama yasi ile omiiruzunluklarini belirlemek amaciyla yapilmi§tir.Arastirmada 880 bas buzagimn kaydi degerlendirilmi§tir. Buzagilarm %56,1'i erkek%43,9'u di§idir. Buzagilarda erkek disi oram 1:1 beklenen orandan onemli diizeyde(P<0,001) sapmali oldugu tespit edilmi§tir.Oliim oram dogum-3 ay doneminde erkeklerde %12,6, disilerde %65,7, dogum-12 aydoneminde ayni sirayla %19,0 ve %16,3 olarak belirlenmi§tir. E, SA ve DAK irki disisigirlarm 18 aylik 9-aga ula§ma oram sirasiyla %65,7, %67,7 ve %77,0 dir. Disihayvanlarda dogum-18 aylik yas donemde siiriiden oliim, kesim ve satilma nedeniyleciki§ oranlan sirasiyla; %67,9, %15,1 ve %17,0 dir.Stiriide damizlik olarak kalan hayvanlarm yakla^ik %44'ii dogum yapmis %56'sibuzagilamami§ ve siiriiden 9ikmi§tir. Bu oran E, SA ve DAK irki diivelerde sirasiyla;%56,4, %65,7 ve %52,5 dir. E, SA ve DAK irki ineklerin ortalama buzagi sayisisirasiyla; 3,04 ± 0,36, 2,30 ± 0,30 ve 3,69 ± 0,21 dir. Irklar arasmdaki fark anlamlibulunmu§tur. Ayni sirayla ilk buzagilama yasi; 1009,3 ± 39,0 giin, 888,4 ± 34,9 gun ve894,8 ± 22,5 giin olup irklar arasmdaki fark onemli bulurrmustur. Omiir uzunlugu;2172,9 ± 179,0 gun, 1718,1 ± 121,5 giin ve 2283,6 ± 97,9 giin olup irklar arasmdakifark istatistiksel olarak onemlidir. Fonksiyonel omiir uzunlugu E irkta 1163,6 ± 176,2giin, SA irkta 829,8 ± 117,6 giin ve DAK irkrnda 1388,8 ± 94,1 giin olup irklararasmdaki fark istatistiksel olarak onemli bulunmustur.2007, 52 sayfaAnahtar kelimeler : Sigir, cinsiyet oram, yasama giicii, omiir uzunlugui

Abstract:
in this study, records of Brown Swiss (BS), Holstein Friesian (HF) and EasternAnatolian Red (EAR) calves raised in Eastern Anatolia Agricultural Research Institutebetween 1991 and 2004 were used. The study was aimed to determine livability of thecalves, herd stay of heifers, first calving age and longevity of the cows.In the research, records belonging 880 calves were used. 56.1 % and 43.9 % of therecords belonged to male and female animals respectively. Sex ratio of the male calveswas significantly different from. 1:1 ratio as expected.Mortality ratio of males and females between birth and 3 months of age, and betweenbirth and 12 months of age were 12.6 %, 11.7 %, and 19.0, 16.3 % respectively. Theratios for BS, HF and EAR female cattle attained to 18 months of age were 65,7 %, 67.7% and 77,0 % respectively. Culling rates of female animals due to death, slaughteringand selling were 67.7 %, 15.1 % and 17.0 % respectively. Approximately 44 % ofbreeding animals kept in the herd gave birth and 56 % of these cows did not calve, andwere culled out. The ratios were 56.4 %, 65.7 % and 52.5% for BS, HF and EAR. heifersrespectively. Average numbers of calves for BS, HF and EAR cows were 3.04±0.36,2.3±0.30, 3.69±0.21 respectively. The differences among breeds were statisticallysignificant. First calving ages of BS, HF and EAR cows were 1009.3±39 days,888.4±34.9 days and 894.8±22.5 days respectively, and the difference among the breedswere found to be significant. Longevity values of BS, HF and EAR cows were2172.9±179.0 days, 1718.H121.5 days respectively and 2283.6±97.9 days, and thedifference among the breeds were statistically significant. Functional longevity valuesof BS, HF and EAR cows were 1163.6±176.2 days, 829.8±117.6 days and 1388.8±94.1days, and the difference among the breeds were found, to be statistically significant.2007, 52 pagesKeywords: Cattle, sex rate, livability, longevityii