Karadeniz Ereğli ilçesinin kentsel katı atık yönetiminin incelenmesi
Investigation of municipal solid waste management in Ereğli-Black Sea region
Yazar: ERİNÇ KURU
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. AYTEN GENÇ
Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Çevre Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2013
Konu: Çevre Mühendisliği = Environmental Engineering
Dizin: Atık yönetimi = Waste management ; Katı atıklar = Solid wastes

Özet:
Günümüzde hızla artan nufus, ilerleyen teknoloji ve endustriyel faaliyetler, yukselen yaşamstandartlan beraberinde tuketim hlzmm da artmasma neden olmu~tur. Tuketim sonucumeydana gelen atlklann; denetimsiz olarak bertarafl ve atIl vaziyette blrakIlmasl; beraberindemuhim <;evre sorunlan meydana getirerek; insan ve <;evre saghgml olumsuz olaraketkilemektedir. Dunyamlzda ve ulkemizde atlk1ann; <;evreye olumsuz etkilerini ortadankaldlrmak ve dogal kaynaklann korunmasml saglamak i<;in atlk yonetimleri olu~turulmu~tur.Bu <;ah~mada; Karadeniz Eregli il<;esinin kentse1 atlk yonetimi incelenmi~ ve <;e~itli onerilerdebulunulmu~tur.<::ah~mamn ilk a~amasmda Eregli il<;esinde olu~an katl atlk miktanmn belirlenmesi amaCl ile<;op toplama ara<;lanndaki atlk miktarlan tartIlarak bir yll sure ile kaYlt altma ahnml~tlr. Eldeedilen sonu<;lara gore Eregli'de bir giinde ortalama olarak 90.661 kg atlk olu~maktadlr.Mevsimsel degi~imler goz onunde bulunduruldugunda; en az atlgm kI~ mevsiminde giindeortalama 85.371 kg, en fazla atlgm ise yaz mevsiminde giinde ortalama 98.758 kg oldugu1116ZET (devam ediyor)bulunmu~tur. il<;e nufusu goz onunde bulundurularak ki~i ba~ma du~en gunlUk ortalama katlatlk miktan 0,85 kg olarak tespit edilmi~tir.<;ah~mamn ikinci a~amasmda Eregli il<;esinde toplanan katl atlklann karakterizasyonuyapIlarak geri kazamlabilen atlk miktarlanmn belirlenebilmesi hedeflenmi~tir. Bu nedenle il<;esosyo-ekonomik duruma gore dort bolgeye aynlml~tlr. Du~uk gelir seviyesi olarak GuldereMahallesi; orta gelir seviyesi olarak Suleymanlar Mahallesi, yuksek gelir seviyesi olarak<;avdarh Mahallesi ve i~yerlerinin <;ok oldugu <;ar~l mevkii se<;ilen bolgelerdir. YapIlanmadde gurubu analizleri bolgelerdeki geri kazamlabilir madde miktan aglrhk<;a gelirseviyelerindeki degi~imlere gore du~uk, orta, yuksek ve <;ar~l olmak uzere slraslyla %28,99,%29,92, %40,14 ve %57,75 olarak bulunmu~tur. <;ar~l bolgesindeki geri kazamlabilir atlkmiktanmn bu denli yuksek <;lkmasl; il<;ede atlklan toplayan ambalaj finnasmm aglrhkh olarakah~veri~ merkezleri, marketler ve diger ambalaj atlgl <;lkI~ noktalanndan toplama yaptlgmlgostenn ektedir.<;ah~mamn son a~amasmda <;op toplama ara<;lanmn yakIt sarfiyatlanm belirlemek amaCI ileara<;lann yakIt depolanna <;ipler taktlTIlml~ ve yakIt sarfiyatlan belirlenmi~tir. Elde edilensonu<;lara gore <;op ara<;lanmn ayhk ortalama mazot sarfiyatlan 14.404,91 L'dir.Bir yIlhk ortalama ucret esas ahndlgmda; il<;e belediyesi aktarma istasyonundan duzenlidepolama sahasma aktardlgl atlgm tonu ba~ma; bertarafma 14,00 TL, nakliyesine 16,50 TLodeme yapmaktadlr. Elde edilen atlk miktan sonu<;lanna gore; il<;e belediyesi atlk bertarafIi<;in ZON<;EB'e her ay ortalama 82.955 TL odeme yapmaktadlr. Bu odemenin yllda ortalamaolarak 995.358 TL olacagl tespit edilmi~tir. YapIlan madde grubu analizine gore; il<;ede<;ah~an ambalaj atlgl toplama firmasmm sistemli <;ah~masl ve ambalaj atlgml kaynagmda ayntoplama i~ini ger<;ekle~tirmesi durumunda atlk miktanmn %30 azalabilecegi gOrUlmektedir.Bu sonu<;lar; il<;e belediyesinin atlk bertarafI i<;in ZON<;EB'e odeyecegi yIlhk ucretin300.000,00 TL du~ebilecegini gostermektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Katl atlk, atlk karakterizasyonu, geri kazamlabilir atlk, atlk yonetimiBilim Kodu: 615.01.01

Abstract:
Today rapidly increasing population, developing technology, industrial activities andascending life standards cause increases in consumption as well. Because of wastesgenerating from high consumption rate and accumulation of waste without control not onlygenerate important environmental problems but also affects human and nature healthdangerously. In order to eliminate the adverse effects of wastes to environment and to protectnatural resources in our country and in the world, waste management systems are formed.This study investigates the waste management in Eregli city and proposes some suggestionsfor improvements.In the first stage of this study, the amount of municipal waste generated in Eregli waspredicted by analyzing the weight records of waste collection vehicles for a yearly period.According to the results, 90.661 kg of solid waste forms in a day in Eregli. When the amountof solid waste was analyzed depending on seasons, the minimum amount was observed in thewinter which was in the average of 85.371 kg and the maximum was observed in the summervABSTRACT (continued)as 98.758 kg. The generated solid waste per person was calculated as 0.85 kg by consideringcity population.In the second stage of the present study, it was aimed to identify the amount of recycledwastes by performing characterization analysis of the collected solid wastes in Eregli.Therefore, Eregli was divided into four areas depending on social economic status. Gi.ilderedistrict was selected as low level area; Suleymanlar was selected as medium level area;<;avdarh and <;ar~I were identified as high level areas. According to the results of solid wastecategorization analyses, the amount of recycles wastes in weight percentages were evaluatedas %28,99, %29,92, %40,14 and %57,75 depending on low level, medium and high levelincomes, respectively. The higher percentages in the recycled wastes in the <;ar~I area showsthat the firm that is responsible in the collection of packaging materials in Eregli is collectingmainly from shopping centers and main point in packaging systems.In the final stages of the study, chips were placed to the waste collection vehicles in order toevaluate fuel expenses. The results showed that the average fuel expenses were 14.404,91 Lfor a month.When the yearly paid expenses for wastes by Eregli municipality is taken into consideration,the municipality is paying 14,00 TL for the treatment and 16,00 TL for the treatment per toneof the waste carried from regular storage area to the station. As the amount of wastes waspredicted, monthly payment of Eregli municipality to ZON<;EB was calculated as 82.955 TL.This value corresponds to a yearly period approximately 995.358 TL. According to the resultsof the waste categorization analysis, the waste amount can be reduced up to %30 if the firmresponsible for collecting packaging waste can manage to collect wastes separately.Keywords: Solid waste, waste categorization, recycled waste, waste managementScience Code: 615.01.01