Uygulamalı jeofizik verileri için sunum ve değerlendirme programı
Consideration and presentation software for applied geophysics datum
Yazar: MUSTAFA BERKAY DOĞAN
Danışman: PROF. DR. GÜLÇİN ÖZÜRLAN AĞAÇGÖZGÜ
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Jeofizik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2015
Konu: Jeofizik Mühendisliği = Geophysics Engineering
Dizin: Bilgisayar programlama = Computer programming

Özet:
Günümüze kadar yapılmış jeofizik çalışmalar incelendiğinde arazi çalışmalarında birden fazla jeofizik yöntemin birlikte uygulandığını görebilmekteyiz. Jeofizik yöntemlerin yeriçine gönderilen sinyale yeraltı yapısına bağlı olarak verdiği tepkisi okunduğu için çok çözümlü sonuçlar elde edilmektedir. Buna bağlı olarak istenilen parametrelere ait değerler net ve kesin olarak tespit edilememektedir. Bunun sonucu olarak farklı fizik esaslarına dayanan jeofizik yöntemler uygulanır ve çözümler farklı modelleme programları aracılığı ile değerlendirilmektedir. Bu bitirme çalışmasında, arazi verilerinin tek bir modelleme/değerlendirme programı çatısı altında farklı yöntemlerin birarada değerlendirildiği bir programın Microsoft tarafından tasarlanan C# programlama dilinin görsel programlama özelliği kullanılarak derlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Geliştirilen GeoSof programının tasarımı ekran görüntüleri ve kod arkaları ayrıntılı olarak açıklanmış ve farklı jeofizik yöntem verileri için işleyişi örneklerle gösterilmiştir.
GeoSof modelleme programı, kullanım açısından üç uygulamayı mümkün kılmaktadır. Bu program ile, ham veri üzerinde düzeltmeler yapılarak veri bir ve iki boyutlu olarak çizdirilebilir. Diğer bir uygulama olarak, düz çözüm modelleme ile istenilen yönteme ait farklı yeraltı modellerine göre kuramsal anomaliler hesaplatılabilmektedir. Son olarak sisteme girilen gözlemsel verinin kullanıcı tarafından istenen model parametrelerin kontrolüyle (arttırma-azaltma ile) kontrollü modelleme olarak ifade edilen uygulama kullanılarak ölçülen anomaliden yeraltı modeline geçiş yapılabilmektedir. GeoSof modelleme programının eğitici, tecrübe arttırıcı ve analiz yetisini geliştirici özelliğe sahip olması amaçlanılarak, kullanım açısından pratik olması odaklı tasarlanmıştır. 
Programın amaç ve kapsamı, farklı basit iki ve üç boyutlu modeller kullanılarak programın kendi ürettiği kuramsal veriler ile incelenmiş, literatürde yer alan ve modelleme çalışmalarında kullanılan diğer programlar ile benzerlik ve farklılıkları incelenmiştir. Son olarak kontrollü modelleme özelliği Özürlan ve Şahin (2006) ve Gailler ve diğ. (2014) tarafından yapılmış arazi çalışmasından alınmış verilere uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar özdirenç kesiti ve sondaj sonuçları ile mukayese edilerek GeoSof modelleme programı test edilmiştir. 
Özürlan ve Şahin (2006) ve Gailler ve diğ., 2014 tarafından yapılan çalışmada belirlenen bir hat üzerinden şiddetli anomalinin gözlemlendiği kısa bir hat ayıklanarak GeoSof programında değerlendirildiğinde sonuçların özdirenç kesitinde gözlemlenen yeraltı yapısı ile uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür.

Abstract:
Main purpose of the geophysical surveys are to build a contact with subsurface. This is possible with some geophysical equipment and geophysical methods. In order to understand the location, dept, density and the other parameters of subsurface materials, modelling method is used for geophysical applications. It is possible with couple method.  Firs one is forward solution method. Forward solution method is used to calculate geophysical anomaly of known parameters of subsurface model.  Second one is inversion method. This method is more complex and prevalent than forward solution method. it is easy to calculate the geophysical anomaly of known subsurface material but significant thing is the calculate the unknown parameters of subsurface model using geophysical datum. For geophysical enginners, most significant aim is to predict the model parameters with minimum error. In this case, there are some teorical solution method to calculate unknown model parameter or parameters using geophysical anomaly as input datum. In geophysical science, building a contact with subsurface and calculate the model parameters is called as modelling.  In this project, a geophysical software which is called GeoSof is intented to understand and analysis the subsurface model with forward solution and manual modelling method. There are widely usage area of GeoSof for geophsical engineering. Although, there are some software in the litherature for forward and inversion solution, huge part of these software is used for just one or two geophysical method. Hence, it is very necessary to use a software for all applied geophysical datum. In this point, GeoSof can be used for lots of applied geophysical method which is Self Potential (SP), Gravity method, magnetic method, Resistivity method, Seismic Refraction method.  Today, it is very possible to recognize multiple ways of geophysical methods when we want to examine the recent geophysical studies in the field of terrain analysis. It is known that there are different geophysicalresult of same underground structure. This is significant problem for geophysical observations and modelling. Consequently, the values for intended parameters might not be easily retained decisively. Due to solve this geophysical problem, some other geophysical methods, which depend on distinctive physical principals, are used and the results coming from those methods are evaluated by means of other different modelling programs.  Consequently, in this project, it is intended to create a new program called GeoSof that gathers all other existing modelling programs under one roof. GeoSof is not only a program but also it gathers all visual properties of Microsoft C# in a simple and useful way. Moreover, all design of screenshots and its' working codebehinds are being explained step by step. There are some advantage of the GeoSof modelling software.  Firstly, it is possible to say GeoSof is easy and practical software. GeoSof is intented with object-oriented programming which is important for easy and practical usage for users. Object-oriented programming is used firsty in the end of 1980s. Nowadays, usage area of object-oriented programming is improved but still, this programming method is not used widely for geophysical engineering. GeoSof is the first objectoriented modelling program for five different applied geophysical method datum. It is important to say user use pointer in this program due to new originality of C# programming language. Using pointer (mouse or something else) is crutial process to make software easy and practical. Surely, it is one of the advantage of GeoSof modelling software. Secondly, it is possible to say GeoSof is interactive and educational application. GeoSof is uses forward solution algorithm which is used for most of geophysical modelling software. It is possible to apply this algorithm to inversion solution with using some advantage of computer like speed. Manual modelling is used for inversion modelling application in the GeoSof program. This application make subsurface model parameter interactively modifiable with trackbar property of the visual C# programming language. For manual modelling application, it is necessary to load observed and predicted datum to the GeoSof software. Manual modelling application is basically observation of coordination of observed and predicted datum using trackbars which is possible to make paremeters fastly modifiable. Because of advantage of visual observation of users and interactively modeified model parameters, it is possible to say GeoSof modelling software is considerably educational.  On the other hand, GeoSof is pratically and easily used for Window 8.1 and the other all Windows Operation Systems. Also, with some additional patches software which is Mono and Wine, it can be correctly uses for Linux Operation Systems. Clearly, this is the other advantage of GeoSof according to other geophysical modelling software. GeoSof makes it possible to use 3 different modelling programs at once. First of all, in order to clarify its' properties. It will be reasonable to say that by using GeoSof, it is easy to draw either one or two dimensional results of raw data sets with the help of RMS errors from the table which is seen on the screen. Secondly, one other application field is creating underground modelling by  generation of synthetic datum along with calculation of anomalies gathered from different methods. The last advantage of the GeoSof is that manual modelling application changes parameter values using tracebar with user defined increase-decrease method. Thus, it is clear that, GeoSof modelling program can be used as educational.  It is not just a modelling program like others. GeoSof is planned to make people gain experience and improve the user's ability of analyzing. First and foremost, unlike other modelling programs, GeoSof is much more convenient and handy to use.  On the other hand, the purpose and the scope have been studied carefully by means of using its own models that creates synthetic datum. Any resemblances or differences to other modelling programs which are taking place in the fields of modelling processes and literature, have also been examined carefully and successfully. At last, the restrained recursive solution property of GeoSof program has been tested by comparing the resistivity section and the results of well-logging through with applying the datum coming from the studies of Özürlan and Şahin (2006) and Gailler et al (2014) in field. When a single short line which is observed a severe anomaly sorted out of a study done by Özürlan and Şahin (2006), Gailler et al (2014) was interpreted by GeoSof, it has been seen that the results are coherent with the results of underground structure coming from the resistivity section.