Aksaray Kılıçarslan Tepesi'ndeki 'köşk' yapısı
'Kiosk' building on the hill of Aksaray Kiliçarslan
Yazar: RANA ATA
Danışman: DOÇ.DR. TURGUT SANER
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Mimarlık Tarihi ve Kuramı Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2007
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture

Özet:
Anadolu'nun merkezinde bulunan Aksaray, 12. yüzyılda Anadolu Selçukluları'nınhakimiyeti altına girmesiyle birlikte İslam?Orta Asya kültür ve sanat ortamının izlerinibarındıran yeni bir kimlik kazanmıstır. Kentteki yapılardan biri de Selçuklulardöneminde insa edildigi ve 12.?15. yüzyıllarda da kullanıldıgı kabul edilen KılıçarslanTepesi'ndeki `Kösk' yapısıdır. Biri kare, digeri kareye yakın dikdörtgen planlı ikimekanın bir araya gelmesinden olusan yapının islevine iliskin tartısmalarbulunmaktadır. Konumu ve plan seması ile özel bir durum sergileyen yapı Selçukluköskleri ile 12.?15. yüzyıllarda Anadolu'da bulunan zaviye ve benzeri islevli yapılarlailiskilendirilmektedir. Kösk yapısı bu baglamda irdelenerek, günümüzdeki ve geçmistekitüm bilesenleri tekrar ortaya koyularak, konumu, yakınındaki türbeyle iliskisi,mekanlar arasındaki baglantılar ve yapım teknigi farklılıkları gözetilerek tekrar elealınmıstır. Yapıyla ilgili veriler sınırlıdır ve yapı çevresinde daha önce hiçbir arkeolojikkazı yapılmamıstır. 1992 yılındaki onarım sonucunda da geçmis izlerinin birçogunukaybetmistir. Bu duruma ragmen eldeki veriler yapının özgün durumuna iliskin fikirvermekte ve üç farklı durum sunmaktadır. Fakat her üç durumda da kösk yapısının birtürbe?mescit seklinde düzenlendigi ve çevresine yeni yapılar ile mekanlar eklenerekyapının bir zaviye haline getirildigi sonucuna varılabilir. 13. yüzyılın baslarındanitibaren kullanılmaya baslanan yapı alanının 14. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibarendegisiklikler geçirdigi ve yeniden insa edildigi düsünülebilir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Aksaray, Selçuklu, Kösk, Zaviye, Ortaçag Mimarlıgı

Abstract:
Aksaray where is located in the center of Anatolia had gained a new identitycontaining Islamic-Middle Asia cultural and art effects after it was invaded byAnatolian Seljuks in 12th century. `The kiosk? on Aksaray Kılıçarslan Hill which wasbuilt during Seljuk period and has been used between 12th and 15th centuries is one ofthe examples to seek these effects. There?s no clear definition about the function ofthis building. The buildings consist of two different shapes. One of them has a squareshape plan and the other one has a rectangular plan which is more likely to a square.As indicated before the purpose of the kiosk is not clear but there are many ideaswhich corresponds the use of buildings like other Seljuk kiosks and small dervishlodges. The aim of this thesis is to figure out the function of this building which hasbeen suffering problems regarding architecture history and to find out more about it?sresume by searching all past and actual components and making a comparison withthe other buildings which has typological relation.In the first part of this study, a brief summary of Aksaray was given to indicate theimportance of city concerning political and cultural events of the period. Afterwards,architectural activities between 12th to 15th century is defined and a research was heldconcerning the buildings survived until today in terms of building techniques andarchitectural specifications.In the second part of the study the actual situation of the kiosk was documented. Thelocation, facilities, construction method and all restorations that it had wereindicated. Also it?s relation between Kılıcarslan Tomb was noted. Plan and sectionaldrawings of the kiosk was prepared in 1/50 scale and these drawings were supportedby photographs.In the third part of the study a general comparison was held between kiosk and theother Seljuk buildings which took place in Anatolia between 12th to 15th centuries. Inthis comparison the major criterias were location, schematic plan and constructiontechniques.In the final part of the study, it was tried to be determined the different uses of thebuilding by gathering past studies and actual observations concerning the ultimatesituation oh the building. It was tried to find an answer regarding all discussionsconcerning the history and purpose of the building. The relations between Kiosk toother Seljuk and Sultanates period (12th?15th centuries) kiosks, lodges and other typeof buildings were indicated. In addition ideas have been developed concerning theunique situation of the building.Finally, it should be admitted that the data about the building is limited and noarcheological excavation took place before. Also 1992 restoration resulted with aloss of fingertips of history. Despite all these disadvantages, we can concentrate onthree different situations. But in any case the common idea is the kiosk was build as atomb and masjid and by added new facilities it was converted to a small dervishlodge. It?s true to think that the kiosk had been used from the beginning of 13thcentury and rebuilds after the second half of 14th century with some modifications.