Milas Mehmed Said Efendi konağı restorasyon projesi
Conservation of Mehmed Said Efendi mansion in Milas
Yazar: SİNEM CELEN KORAL
Danışman: DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ GÜLSÜM TANYELİ
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Restorasyon Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2023
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture

Özet:
Tez çalışmasına konu olan Mehmed Said Efendi Konağı, Muğla ili Milas ilçesi
Hisarbaşı Mahallesi'nde yer almaktadır. Konağın, Milaslı ayan ailelerden olan
Abdülaziz Ağa ailesinden olan Mehmed Said Efendi'nin kendisi tarafından 19.
yüzyılın sonunda yaptırıldığı tahmin edilmektedir. 20. yüzyıl başında torunu Hadi
Eskişar'ın kullanımına geçen konak, Milas'ta Hadi Eskişar Konağı olarak da
bilinmektedir. Konak, 2020 yılında Milas Belediyesi tarafından satın alınarak
kamulaştırılmıştır. Yapının güney cephesi 1216 cm uzunluğunda, doğu cephesi 2825
cm uzunluğundadır. Batı cephesinde yaklaşık 2520 cm uzunlukta olup; kuzey ve batı
cephesinin birleştiği köşede 445x254 cm ölçülerinde bir girinti bulunmaktadır. Batı
cephesinin toplam uzunluğu 1308 cm dir. Milas'ta bulunan çağdaşlarına kıyasla
oldukça geniş yüzölçümü ve harem-selamlık bölümlerini içeren karmaşık planıyla,
Milas'ın özgün sivil mimarlık örneklerinden biridir. Ancak, konağın selamlık bölümü
uzun yıllardır kullanılmamakta ve bakımsız kalmış durumdadır. Aynı yapının, içinde
yaşantının devam ettiği bölümlerinde ahşap karkas duvarlar ve ahşap yapı elemanları
dahil olmak üzere pek çok detayı korunmuşken; içinde yaşanmayan bölümlerinde
ahşap taşıyıcılarda biyolojik bozulmalar olmasına bağlı olarak strüktürel
deformasyonlar, ahşap pencere kepenk gibi elemanlarda biyolojik bozulmalar ve
bütünlemenin mümkün olmadığı kayıplar vardır. Özellikle strüktürel deformasyonlar,
yapıya acil müdahale gerektirmektedir.
Yapının belgeleme çalışmalarında yöntem olarak geleneksel yöntemlere ölçümler,
total station ile ölçüm, lazer tarama ile belgeme ve fotoğraflarla yapı detaylarının
belgelenmesi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır.
Restitüsyon projesinde, öncelikle yapıda korunmuş olan detaylardan yararlanılmış;
daha sonra Milas'ta yapılmış olan çalışmalara başvurulmuş, Milas'ta çekilmiş eski
tarihli fotoğraflardan ve yapının çağdaşı olup Hisarbaşı Mahallesi'nin yakın
çevresinde bulunan konakların tipoloji verilerinden faydalanılmıştır.
Restorasyon projesinde benimsenen temel yaklaşım, restitüsyon projesinin esas
alınarak, en az düzeyde müdahale ile yeni işlevin yapıya uyarlanmasıdır. Konağın
kamu yapısı olarak işlev kazanmasının, Milaslıların tarihi kent içinde vakit geçirmesini
sağlayacağı; böylelikle tarihi yapıların yeni işlevler kazandırılarak korunması
hakkında farkındalık kazanacakları bir zeminin oluşacağı düşünülmüştür. Mehmed
Said Efendi Konağı'nın belediye hizmet binası olarak modern gereksinimleri
karşılayacak şekilde iyileştirilerek koruma ilkelerine uygun biçimde korunduğu
durumda, kentin sosyal, kültürel ve ekonomik yönden gelişimi için tarihi çevrenin
sunduğu potansiyellerin farkına varılacaktır.

Abstract:
Mehmed Said Efendi Mansion is located in the Milas district which is one of the most
important regions of Mugla province. Milas is located on the western coast of Anatolia,
in the region called Karia in ancient times. According to historical sources, the
foundation of Milas dates back to BC. It dates back to 3400 years. Milas(Mylasa),
which was an important city of Caria in ancient times, is considered the center of
Carian civilization. Throughout history, it has been under the control of different
political powers such as the Persian Empire, the Macedonian Empire, the Roman
Empire, and the Byzantine Empire. In the Roman period, as a result of the adoption of
the provincial system in Rome at the end of the third century, Caria became an
independent province. The city of Mylasa, on the other hand, continued to be an
independent province during the Byzantine period. However, from the fourth century
onwards, it lost its former importance. Mylasa was under Byzantine rule until the late
1200s. Losing its importance in the Christian world until this date, Milas was flooded
by Turks from the east during the 13th century. In 1282, it passed from the Byzantines
to the Menteşe Principality in a devastated state. After this date, Milas became the
center of Menteşe Principality; It also became an important trade city. Traveler Ibn
Battuta visited Milas in 1333 and stated that this was one of the most beautiful and
largest Greek towns, and that new buildings, masjids and mosques were being built in
Milas. The structures that were built during this period and have survived are the Hacı
İlyas Mosque, the Firuzbey Mosque and the Ulu Mosque. Milas came under Ottoman
rule at the end of the 14th century. The Menteşe sanjak was established in 1424; The
center of the sanjak was Muğla, not Milas. Milas, which lost its administrative
importance towards the end of the 1500s, became a town. Although it lost its
administrative importance, it became the most important accident of the sanjak due to
its sea voyages and beaches. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, with the
development of the Güllük Port and the construction of the İzmir-Aydın railway line,
it became easier to send products such as marble, tobacco, figs and cotton to other
regions; This situation led to developments in Milas' economy. In this period, Menteşe
was managed by mutual families. The family that is active in Milas is the Abdülaziz
Ağa family. The Abdülaziz Ağa family is also known as the Milaslızade family.
Mehmed Said Efendi, who had the mansion built, which is the subject of the thesis,
comes from the family of Abdülaziz Ağa. Many buildings that make up today's
historical urban fabric of Milas, was built over 18-19th centuries. It is estimated that
Mehmed Said Efendi may have built the mansion between 1880 and 1907, and
therefore the construction date of Mehmed Said Efendi Mansion (Hadi Eskişar
Mansion) is assumed as the end of the 19th century. The Eskişar Family, the current
user of the building, stated that the second floor was built by Hadi Eskişar at the
beginning of the 20th century.
The mansion, located on the Hisarbaşı hill of Milas, is an original example of many
qualified civil architecture examples in Milas. It is located on a sloping land, therefore it has four floors on the east side and three floors on the west side, facing Uncular
Street. The floor perceived as a mezzanine on the east façade is located at the entrance
(garden) level on the west side. Therefore, the floor on the Uncular Street, where the
shops are located today, was named the ground floor, and the floor accessed from the
garden was named as the mezzanine. The south façade of the building is 1216 cm long
and the east façade is 2825 cm long. It is approximately 2520 cm long on the western
façade; There is an indentation measuring 445x254 cm at the corner where the north
and west facades meet. The total length of the western façade is 1308 cm. The building
is in a plan typology with two inner halls consisting of harem and selamlık sections.
Access between the harem and selamlık sections is provided by passing through a
narrow volume accessed from the hall in both sections, and through the door located
between these narrow volumes placed on the symmetrical plan scheme. The section
called Selamlık has not been used for many years and has not been maintained
continuously. Its neglect has caused losses and structural deterioration in the selamlik
section of the building. Access to the garden of the Selamlık section, which is quite
damaged, is provided through an ostentatious garden gate on the south façade. The
entrance doors of the harem and selamlık sections of the building are on the western
façade. Garden level is defined as zero level (+76.70). Ground floor and mezzanine
floor is made of stone masonry and the first and second floors are made of wooden
structure. The floors of the building are made of wooden beams. Most of the ceiling
and floor are covered with wooden planks. The roof a hipped roof and it is covered
with mission tiles. The mansion has unique wooden windows, wooden shutters,
wooden cupboards, wooden cabinets, wooden railings and unique fireplaces inside.
In the documentation studies of the building, traditional methods of measurements,
measurement with total station, documentation by laser scanning and documenting the
details of the building with photographs were used.
While preparing the restitution project of the building, the traces on the building,
various old-dated photographs, academic studies about Milas and its immediate
surroundings, and typological data of other Milas mansions, which are contemporary
of the building, were used. In addition, due to the fact that the users of the building are
the Eskişar family and they have been involved in the transmission of oral information
since Hadi Eskişar, various information about the restitution has been obtained from
the users of the building who are alive today.
While preparing conservation project, some urgent intervention recommendations for
repair are proposed. Currently, there are structural deformations in the selamlık section
of the building on the first floor. There are biological deteriorations in wooden carriers;
appear to be unable to fulfill their functions. As a result of the deformations in the
carriers, deflections are also observed in the beams carrying the roof. For this reason,
it has been proposed to reconstruct the interior and exterior walls of the first floor,
which were made with the bagdadi technique, with the original method. On the second
floor, there are structural deteriorations that require urgent intervention and leave the
original elements of the building in danger. For this reason, it has been proposed to
reconstruct the walls of the second floor with the Baghdadi technique, which is the
original method. In addition, the slab thickness of approximately 85 cm between the
first floor ceiling and the second floor slab should be analyzed and it should be
understood whether the structural deformations are caused by the construction system
that creates this slab thickness. Other than those urgent intervention need, unique
wooden materials should be carefully integrated by cutting off the lost parts. The main
approach should be to save the unique materials as possible. On re-function of the mansion, the following is stated: Mehmed Said Efendi Mansion
was acquired by Milas Municipality in 2022 and expropriated. Hacı Ali Ağa Mansion,
which was expropriated and restored by Milas Municipality in 2005, is located in the
south of the mansion; To the southeast is the Uzunyuva Mausoleum and Museum
Complex, where the mausoleum of Hekatomnos is located. To the west of it are the
Çöllüoğlu Inn, the Belen Mosque, the Yanık Inn (Sefa Hotel) and the Ottoman bazaar.
In addition, an important part of Milas' historical building stock is located in this circle.
Yet, the buildings that have functions such as hospitals, schools and shopping centers,
which are used by the people of Milas in their daily life, are developing towards the
periphery of the city and outside of the circle. The people of Milas should spend time
in the historical city center in order to raise awareness about the potential of historical
buildings and their adaptation to modern needs by re-functioning. Mehmed Said
Efendi Mansion has a critical potential to create situations where all age groups from
Milas can spend time, and in some cases they should be in the building. For this reason,
it is suggested that Mehmed Said Efendi Mansion be used as the Milas Municipality
service building. Access to the building is from the east and south facades on the
ground floor due to the level difference; mezzanine, first floor and second floor are
provided from the west side. For this reason, considering that the relationship with the
public may be stronger, it is suggested that the commercial unit belonging to the
municipality enterprise, the tourist information center and the municipal police
directorate, which is seen as a necessity by the tradesmen in the Ottoman bazaar, are
located on the ground floor. In the section that is accessible from the west side, it is
suggested that there should be service units such as legal affairs, private office,
president's room, vice president's room, meeting room, archive and waiting areas in
the municipality. The basic approach adopted in the restoration project is to adapt the
new function to the building with minimal intervention, based on the restitution
project. The mansion's function as a public structure will enable the people of Milas to
spend time in the historical city; Thus, it is thought that a ground will be formed where
they will gain awareness about the protection of historical buildings by gaining new
functions. In the event that Mehmed Said Efendi Mansion, as a municipal service
building, is improved to meet modern needs and preserved in accordance with
conservation principles, the potential offered by the historical environment for the
social, cultural and economic development of the city will be realized.