Pestisitlerin doğal ortamdaki canlılarda birikimi ve kontrollü koşullar altında tutulan balıklar (Pisces) üzerine akut etkileri /
Yazar: MUSTAFA ÇALIŞKAN
Danışman: DOÇ.DR. SEDAT YERLİ
Hacettepe Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Biyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Doktora, 1996
Konu: Biyoloji = Biology
Dizin: Balıklar = Fishes ; Pestisitler = Pesticides

Özet:
ÖZET Köyceğiz Lagün Sistemi'nde, Ekim 1992-Şubat 1994 tarihleri arasında yapılan alan çalışmalarında Sistemden alınan su, sediment, plankton, yengeç (Callinectes sapidus ) ve bazı balık örneklerinde {Cyprinus carpio, Capoeta capoeîa, Gambusia affinis, Oreochromis mossambica, Liza ram ada, Liza saliens, Chelon labrasus ve Anguiila anguilla ) pestisit kalıntı analizleri yapılmıştır. Su ve plankton örneklerinde ölçülebilecek düzeyde pestisit kalıntı miktarına rastlanam am ıştır. Buna karşılık organik klorlu pestisitlerden sedimentde a- HCH (62,06 //g/kg), p-HCH (146,08 //g/kg), y-HCH (9,00 //g/kg), aldrin (23,00 //g/kg) ve endrin (5,00 //g/kg); yengeçde a-HCH (0,48 //g/kg), p- HCH (0,58 //g/kg), y-HCH (2,60 //g/kg), aldrin (0,42 //g/kg) ve endrin (1,80 //g/kg); Cyprinus carpidda, DDT (2,00 //g/kg), dieldrin (2,13 //g/kg), a-HCH (11,30 //g/kg), p-HCH (11,50 //g/kg), Y-HCH (5,48 //g/kg), aldrin (3,00 //g/kg) ve endrin (36,00 //g/kg); Capoeta capoetâda dieldrin (2,00 //g/kg), a-HCH (18,60 //g/kg), p-HCH (12,90 //g/kg), y-HCH (6,75 //g/kg), ve endrin (3,20 //g/kg); Gambusia affinis'de DDT (4,80 //g/kg), dieldrin (25,00 //g/kg), a-HCH (8,30 //g/kg), p-HCH (3,67 //g/kg), Y-HCH (3,75 //g/kg), aldrin (7,50 //g/kg) ve endrin (25,00 //g/kg); Oreochromis mossambica'öa DDT (30,00 //g/kg), a-HCH (19,10 //g/kg), p-HCH (22,70 //g/kg), Y-HCH (35,90 //g/kg), aldrin (7,70 //g/kg) ve endrin (39,00 //g/kg); L/za ramadâda DDT (10,00 //g/kg), dieldrin (2,00 //g/kg), a-HCH (18,80 //g/kg), p-HCH (22,20 //g/kg), Y-HCH (26,30 //g/kg) ve endrin (57,00 //g/kg); L/za saliens'de y-HCH (3,00 //g/kg), aldrin (0,30 //g/kg) ve endrin (1,00 //g/kg); Chelon labrasus'da p- HCH (0,70 //g/kg), y-HCH (5,33 //g/kg) ve aldrin (5,00 //g/kg); Anguilla anguilla'da DDT (2,00 //g/kg), dieldrin (0,40 //g/kg), p-HCH (17,00 //g/kg), Y-HCH (5,00 //g/kg) ve aldrin (0,60 //g/kg) kalıntıları saptanmıştır. Ayrıca pestisitlerin laboratuvar şartlarında balıklar üzerine toksik etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılan toksisite deneyinde Gambusia affinis için metil parathion'un, endosulfan'ın ve cypermethrin'in 48 saatlik LC50 değerleri sırasıyla 1251,87 //g/l; 0,74 //g/l ve 4,96 //g/l olarak hesaplanmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Organik fosforlu pestisitler, organik klorlu pestisitler, sentetik pyrethroitler, pestisit kalıntıları, besin zinciri, biyolojik birikim, biyolojik yükseltgenme, akut toksik etki, Köyceğiz Lagün Sistemi.

Abstract:
11 ABSTRACT The pesticide residues were analyzed on the examples of water, sediment, plankton, and blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) and some fish species {Cyprinus carpio, Capoeta capoeta, Gambusia affinis, Oreochromis mossambica, Liza ramada, Liza saliens, Chelon labrasus and Anguilla anguilla) taken from Köyceğiz Lagoon System on the date between October 1992 and February 1994. According to the study results, the pesticide residues couldn't be determined on the examples of water and plankton due to the small amount of pesticides. Organochlorine residues were determined on the examples of sediment, blue crab and some fish species mentioned above. The residue levels of a-HCH, p-HCH, y-HCH, aldrin and endrin were 62.06 //g/kg, 146.08 //g/kg, 9.00 //g/kg, 23.00 //g/kg and 5.00 //g/kg for the sediment respectively. The residue levels of a-HCH, p-HCH, y-HCH, aldrin and endrin were 0.48 //g/kg, 0.58 //g/kg, 2.60 //g/kg, 0.42 //g/kg and 1,80 //g/kg for the blue crab respectively. The residue levels of DDT, dieldrin, a-HCH, p-HCH, y-HCH, aldrin and endrin were 2.00 //g/kg, 2.13 //g/kg, 11.30 //g/kg, 11.50 //g/kg, 5.48 fjg/kg, 3,00 //g/kg and 36,00 //g/kg for Cyprinus carpio respectively. The residue levels of dieldrin, a-HCH, p-HCH, y-HCH and endrin were 2.00 //g/kg, 18.60 //g/kg, 12.90 //g/kg, 6.75 //g/kg and 3.20 //g/kg for Capoeta capoeta respectively. The residue levels of DDT, dieldrin, a-HCH, p-HCH, y-HCH, aldrin and endrin were 4.80 //g/kg, 25.00 //g/kg, 8.30 //g/kg, 3.67 //g/kg, 3.75 //g/kg, 7.50 //g/kg and 25.00 //g/kg for Gambusia affinis respectively. The residue levels of DDT, a-HCH, p- HCH, y-HCH, aldrin and endrin were 30.00 //g/kg, 19.10 //g/kg, 22.70 //g/kg, 35.90 //g/kg, 7.70 //g/kg and 39.00 //g/kg for Oreochromis mossambica respectively. The residue levels of DDT, dieldrin, a-HCH, p-HCH, y-HCH and endrin were 10.00 //g/kg, 2.00 //g/kg, 18.80 //g/kg, 22.20 //g/kg, 26.30 //g/kg and 57.00 //g/kg for Liza ramada respectively. The residue levels of y-HCH, aldrin and endrin were 3.00 //g/kg, 0.30 //g/kg and 1.00 //g/kg for Liza saliens respectively. The residue levels of p-HCH, y-HCH and aldrin were 0.70 //g/kg, 5.33 //g/kg, and 5.00 //g/kg for Chelon labrasus respectively. The residue levels of DDT, dieldrin, p-HCH, y-HCH, and aldrin were 2.00 //g/kg, 0.40 //g/kg, 17.00 //g/kg, 5.00 //g/kg and 0.60 //g/kg for Anguilla anguilla respectively. Besides of this, LC50 of methyl parathion, endosulfan and cypermethrin to the Gambusia affinis were determined for 48 hour in the laboratory and LC50 concentrations were 1251.87 //g/l; 0.74 //g/l and 4.96 //g/l metil parathion, endosulfan and cypermethrin respectively. Key Words: Organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides, synthetic pyrethroits, pesticide residues, food chain, bioaccumulation, biomagnification, acute toxicty effect, Köyceğiz Lagoon System.