Kadıköy İlçesi'ndeki semt parkları ve sahil dolgu alanlarından kullanıcıların memnuniyet derecelerinin değerlendirilmesi
The appraisement of user satisfaction from filling shore areas and city parks in Kadıköy
Yazar: PINAR SIVALIOĞLU
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. LALE BERKÖZ AKKAL
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı / Peyzaj Planlama Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1997
Konu: Peyzaj Mimarlığı = Landscape Architecture ; Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning
Dizin: Yeşil alanlar = Green areas ; İstanbul-Kadıköy = İstanbul-Kadıköy

Özet:
Bugün şehirlerimizi çoğu, hızlı nüfus artışı ve alanca büyüme olgusu ile karşı karşıyadır. Bu durumda, kentlinin ihtiyacı olan yeşil alanları sağlayacak çalışmalar yetersiz kalmaktadır. Bu duruma en iyi örnek olan İstanbul'da kişi başına düşen yeşil alan miktarı gün geçtikçe azalmaktadır.Gerçekte doğal büyük bir yeşil örtü ve bitki topluluğu ile ekolojik potansiyele sahip olan İstanbul ve çevresinde, kentlinin kırsal alanlardan yeterince yararlanması söz konusu değildir. Kadıköy ilçesi, İstanbul ilinin Bakırköy ilçesinden sonra 2. Büyük ilçesi olması nedeniyle çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Bu tez çalışmasında yeşil alanların sürdürülebilir kullanımları ve geliştirilebilmeleri için, kentsel gelişme kriterleri ile birlikte, kullanıcıların ihtiyaç ve isteklerinin bir bütün olarak ele alınmasının gerekliliği ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasında örneklem alanı olarak seçilen sahil dolgu alanları ve semt parklarında anket soruşturması yapılmış ve elde edilen bilgiler ışığında kullanıcı memnuniyeti değerlendirilmiştir. XİV

Abstract:
This is a post graduate thesis on, the relationship between citizen and green areas which is chosen Kadıköy as an example. Today, most of our cities face phenomena of rapid population growth and the fact of enlargement in area. In this case, efforts to provide green areas that citizen needs is not enough. It is obvious that in Kadıköy open areas rapidly lessens by means of lack of existing housing stock and speculative pressure. In the scope of this thesis fist of all, types of green areas, the effect of green areas in the city and the relation between city population with these areas will be taken into consideration and later on with the help of this data the urbanization and problem of green areas in Istanbul will be considered at length. In the scope of this thesis finally, the usage of green areas in Kadıköy is discussed; in order to save available existing green areas and improve the condition of them, it is aimed to bring up the importance of user needs, satisfactions and desires as a whole with the developing urban criterion's. Also in this thesis, by means of these information's the disordered dispersion of existing green areas in the city will be tried to solve. The necessity for green areas and the positive effect for health of this green areas is proved for such observations and researches. The need of green areas and parks is not a problem to be removed by going out long distances out of cities. Kadıköy is the second biggest administrative district within in Istanbul after than Bakırköy and cause of this it is chosen for a study area. In this thesis study for the continuous using of green areas the necessity and the wishes of the users with the aerial developing criterion's has to take as a wholeness and its necessity is tried to be brought up. In this thesis study that has 8 parts, firstly the green area and open area concepts are explained. Open area is an empty area that human lives, out of close place that can be used both for some functions such as parks, gardens, outside areas has a specialty to use a specific land. Open areas are the place that can be found the fittings like sport, entertainment and rest. On the contrary for private life, the urban open areas are the place that include all the facilities for every groups of people like age, occupation and culture. The functions of open areas can be listed in order; XV1. Open areas provide the physical balance of the city. They prevent and relieve the increase of human and buildings. 2. Open areas make positive impression for reliving the monotonous geometric effects of cities, to give them liveliness and to tied this masses together as organic. 3. Open areas separate the traffic from the residence and recreational areas both means and pedestrians also they provide and increase the traffic security (safety). 4. They also aid to control and balance the increase of building out side of the city. Green areas can be examined in 2 parts as the green areas in the city and the natural green areas. Urban green areas can be examined in 4 parts such as, for their functions, building levels, neighborhood level, city level and neighborliness level. A. Urban Green Areas 1. Green areas in building level; In this level, the green and private garden that is inside the building causes a wholeness to the building. 2. Green areas in a neighborliness level; In this level green areas are formed by children play ground and housing development gardens. Children play ground provides to child to develop his abilities and to play out of his family. Children playground is necessary for the children health and a balanced growing Children playground has to be built for every age of children and for their abilities And for this situation children playground has 4 parts such as age of 0-3, age of 4-7, age of 8-15 and adventure playground. 3. Green areas in neighborhood level; In this level, the playground for the age of 8-15, open and close sport areas and a city park situated. Today if we consider the population increase and bigger places replace neighborhood, we have to talk about outside area, pedestrian ways and filling shore areas except sport parks and city areas. 4. Green areas in city level; This green areas have functions and greatness to serve for city population with its impression area. In this level, the city parks, pedestrian ways, zoos, city roads and cemeteries are situated. B. Natural Green Areas This areas are quite big green areas and included national parks and reginiol parks. Except all of this, we have to talk about the functions that green areas have inside the city. Green areas change the heat, weather briefly the climate of the city. On the other hand, green areas provide to increase the negative functions that has found in xvithe city such as crowd, monotonous in color. The green areas function to treat the life standards is a fact that can not be argue. The pleasure of the users from green gardens that will support to marking aims in this thesis study are situated in the forth chapter. The growing of the open areas is directly proportional with the using of parks, plazas streets and it provides behavioral bill on it. The demographic changes in the public effects the profit from the green and open areas. By thinking every age of people and their spare times, new areas should be created. Also the changes in the life styles should be thought. Urban recreation functions should determined by the social changes and tendency in events. What people like? In the planning process which activities and functions should be used. What are the factors of the human necessity today and is it change continual9 So many observations have been made and determined the quality in plan pleasure. The increase of the unsystematic and intensive urbanization in Türkiye yield the life desire in a comfortable and nice environment. Rapid changes in the cities and its physical reflection creates unhealthy environment. The quality of the environment is close to arrange the open areas. For this reason the fact of the open areas is important to change the negative impression and bad. conditions to be arranged. Because of this users ideas should be known in spite of an arrangement of an open area. Instead of basic needs, the urban areas that arranges with so many functions and makes social relations between people, so many admonitory is found that people have to perceive. The complexity of these admonitory can be grouped in 2 parts and this disturb people both physically and mentally. Today, when we look at the cities in this unsystematic environment, we can't found some plans that is similar to nature and human's life. The situations are in artificial quality that comes into being with the pressure on people without a question. And the city dweller reduce his interest for this kind of living. Form has to prepare morale ground for future with reflecting the life standards in a correct way. The analysis of preparation for the areas that have relation with urban area admonitory shouldn't be able to provide all the necessities for using urban areas. However, the admonitory that has found in the urban area have to provide esthetes, relived and comfortable quality for the individual. For this reason, in this urban areas levels that leaves positive physiological impression on individuals are; -crowd -color -dimension and -tissue And this physical impressions have to provide human's satisfaction. xviiThe urban areas that envisaged lining to its aims has to relied user's desire and taste and this can be proved by an urban plan comprehension with its culture. And this required the laws and regulations that sociologist, psychologist user's cooperation. The lawsuit about area that individual found in shows how the individual likes the area or lives in it. Human conceives, evaluates his environment with the area' s sense that lives in. To perceive area and its elements is similar to individuals knowledge. Before than learning the elements that have special quality is being active to perceive and show the areas. Jellicoe (1975) provide numerous illustrations of this relation from many corners of the globe, even dating back thousands of years. The king of Mesopotamia is shown feasting in his garden; Chinese landscape painting dates back to before the year 1 200, and Japanese gardens were started hundreds of years before then. There are graden scenes in the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs. In terms of process, we have argued that "environments that are likely to be preferred are those that permit "involvement" and make sense" (Kaplan and Kaplan, 1978). To enhance involvement, environments must have some complexity or richness They also need to entice one by promising more information-a characteristic we have called "mystery". Making sense, on the other hand, is enhanced by coherence and legibility, characteristics that permit one to interpret readily what is going and that facilitate seeing where one is headed. To study the question of content in environmental preference, Kaplan and Wendt (1972) used 56 color slides, selected from a much larger set, to represent a " continuum ranging from nature, to a predominance of man-made aspects, to urban scenes." Each of these four categories was sampled with nonspectacular nearby environments. The participants were undergraduate students enrolled in introductory psychology courses and were generally not familiar with the specific scenes that they where asked to rate on five-point preference scale. These ratings where subjected to two forms of dimensional analysis, each of which yielded two clear groupings: one of urban scenes and one of "nature" scenes. The latter cluster included all of the scenes selected to represent the nature end of the continuum. It also included scenes in which nature predominated but where human influence was hardly subtle (e.g., an unpaved road through a natural area, including a parked car at the edge of a road) It has to aimed to plan urban areas with its environment in whole and its social, culture structure has to improve In this thesis study that aims the pleasure of users about green areas in Kadıköy, it is tried to found the physical and qualitative characteristic that user expect from the city parks and filling shore areas. The results are explained that has made by aims in thesis study. These are; xviii-After inquiries we see that % 81 of single people age of 0-30 use the green areas in Kadıköy (İnciburnu-Moda, Caddcbostan-Fenerbahçe, Göztepe and Özgürlük parks). -It is fixed that %42.7 of users have a high-school graduate and %35.5 have a university graduate. If it is made for working groups, it is shown that %57.7 of students use the green areas. In this study, the real user of green areas are the students. -If the inquiry evaluates for income, it is shown that %5 1 of people that is inside the middle income group. -After the inquiry it is shown that green areas especially serve to its nearer places. -%18.4 is the children that joins to the inquiry and %32.7 of people say that their children use the parks to play. And %60.9 of people spend weekends by walking around. -It is fixed that %32.9 of people use parks for walking. Secondly they use parks to take breath and doing sports. Especially they use parks at weekends about 1 -3 hours. And in week lime especially men use the parks. -Especially in summer, human use parks in the evening. At nights they don't use because of its safety. It is shown that they use parks usually with their friends. To use green areas in Kadıköy and to learn human's pleasure, so many questions are made and after than it is shown that generally they are not pleased. -The people that have inquiry complaint about insufficient of toilets and garbage can. -While users are sufficient from resting places, they complaint about water. After all of these results, we asked to people to describe the green areas that they will be happy and feel comfort. And the result is; 1. Active areas( Sports area, playground area). 2. Green areas(Dense trees,area with shadows). 3.Cleanlines 4. Attractiveness 5. Presence, voiceless and quiet.6. Entertainment and resting areas. 7. Safety. As a result, urban green areas should have to planned as a whole with its cultural, social aims and have to be in the same aim with entertainment and resting. When we are planning for green areas, we should give more importance to the esthetic quality and cultural development. In our country, the studies for green areas should have developed and made contemporary. XX