Gündelik yaşam pratikleri çerçevesinde sokak deneyimi: Moda semti
Street experience in the frame of everyday life experiences: Moda neighborhood
Yazar: MERVE ÖZGÜR
Danışman: PROF. DR. İPEK AKPINAR AKSUGÜR
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Mimari Tasarım Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2022
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture
Dizin: Gündelik kültür = Daily culture ; Moda = Fashion

Özet:
Kentsel deneyime büyük oranda egemen olan sıradan deneyimler kentsel çalışmalarda ve kentsel mekana dair tasarım, planlama ve karar vereme süreçlerinde genellikle göz ardı edilmekle birlikte kentlinin yaşantısına etkisi bakımından önem teşkil etmektedir.
Konvansiyonel haritalamanın kente yaklaşımına karşılık, araştırma yöntemi ve sahası açısından kente sokak kotundan bakmayı hedefleyen bu çalışma kapsamında, alternatif yaklaşımlar sunan karşı haritalama ve psikocoğrafik haritalama teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Alternatif haritalama teknikleri Henri Lefebvre'nin ritimanaliz yöntemi ve Bruno Latour'un oligopticon kavramıyla sentezlenerek melez bir araştırma tasarımı ortaya koyulmaktadır. Kentin sıfır kotunun yapılı ve sosyal çevresi, kentin sıradan deneyimlerinin zenginliğini analiz etmek için bir potansiyel olarak görülmektedir.
Çağdaş kentin gündelik deneyimi ve çağdaş kentliye dair sorulan ne sorusunun cevabı olarak, yapılı ve sosyal çevreye ilişkin unsurlara dair konuları tartışan gündelik dil ve hafıza; nasıl sorusunun cevabı olarak psikocoğrafik haritalama yönteminin temelini oluşturan yürüme eylemi; kim sorusunun cevabı olarak hem araştırmacının konumunu hem de metropol insanını ifade eden yabancı kavramı alternatif haritalamaların ve saha çalışmasının genel çerçevesini oluşturmaktadır.
Moda semtine dair temel eleştiri yapılı çevresinin coğrafi yapıyla ilişkisi, insanların sosyal ve fiziksel çevresiyle ilişkisi, gelenek ve deneyimlerin kültürel ve tarihsel bağlamla ilişkisi bakımlarından semtin yer olmaktan mekan olmaya doğru dönüşümü üzerinden yapılmaktadır. Semtin bu dönüşümü gündelik hafıza kavramı üzerinden okunarak karşı haritalama yöntemleriyle anlatıya dönüştürülmüştür. Ayrıca Moda semtine dair gündelik yaşam pratikleri katılımcı gözlem yöntemiyle zenginleştirilen Georges Perec'in kentsel gözlem yöntemiyle birlikte ele alınarak Moda semtinin psikocoğrafik haritalamaları oluşturulmuştur.

Abstract:
With the acceleration of industrialization and urbanization, the inward and outward growth of cities has increasingly complicated urban life. Starting with Simmel, over a hundred years ago the urban life and metropolitan life has come to surface as an issue. Everyday life practices of urban life are increasingly under debate in sociological, anthropological and, spatical areas in search for answers to wider debates. Ordinary experiences that dominate urban life are often ignored in urban studies and design, planning, and decision-making processes of urban space, but they are crucial
in terms of their impact on the life of city dwellers. Thus, in addition to studying the ignored practices of the city-which are the ordinary, daily, mundane, and banal-studying the city through an ignored approach -which is the street level research- is found essential for a correlated research design.
This study aims to look at the city from street level -also addressed as 'zero level' throughout the text as it is considered as the origin- in terms of research method and field. The built and the social environment of the zero level is considered to be a potential for analyzing the richness of the ordinary experiences of the city. In this case, the reseach benefits from the tools of conventional mapping techniques and extends the research approach with counter-mapping and psychogeographic mapping techniques that offer alternative tools for the reseach. A hybrid design is suggested for the research approach to everyday life by synthesizing alternative mapping techniques
with Henri Lefebvre's rhythmanalysis method and Bruno Latour's oligopticon concept.
The fundamental axis of this research is to examine the experiences of the city from street level, starting from the pooled meanings the concepts of place and space offer, regarding the social and spatial environment. Another focus is to go down at the street level where social, physical, and emotional relations occur in the city. Despite all the activities and scenarios attributed to space in urban production, the experience of the urban dweller consists largely of ordinary events that take place in work, home and leisure spaces. Therefore, it is important to follow the daily routines when examining or designing urban space. Concepts such as site ontology, sense of place, place
atachment and identity are argued in order to strenghten the hybrid research design.
Questions about daily experiences of the contemporary city and contemporary urbanites are discussed through; daily language and memory, which elaborates the issues related to the built and social environment and demonstrates the answer of 'what'; the act of walking, which forms the basis of the psychogeographic mapping method as an answer to the question of how; the concept of the stranger, which expresses both the researcher's position and the contemporary person as an answer to the question of 'who'. Researcher positions herself as an urban ruler (footsteps and body measures), a subjective recording device (cognitive and perceptive readings) or a deep observer who becomes a part what is observed.
Discussion of writing and reading the city assosiated with Leach and Barthes is adopted to reveal the narrative of the city. Written narratives on the streets are decyripted with Andron's (2016) textual landscape concept and interviewing walls method. Walking as a bodily experience that is constantly under multi-sensual impulses, anonymous experience of the 'stranger' who inhabits the accelerated everyday life and experience of the daily language through collective memory of oral
and written landscape are three approaches to research the contemporary urban life.
Researcher who experiences the urban life through analysing urban experience interfiltrates in everday life exploiting the contemporary urban tools and platforms. At this point contextualizing alternative mapping methods with everyday life experiences indicates a vital tool in terms of transforming contemporary urban life discussions of this resarch to narratives of Moda Neighborhood.
Discussion of 'place' and 'space' takes a critical stand in terms of approaches they bring to contemporary city and contemporary person. The main inquiry of the Moda Neighborhood is structured through the relationship between the built environment and the geographical structure of the district; people's relationship with their social and physical environment; relation of traditions and experiences to the cultural and historical context which generates the transformation of the neighborhood 'from being a place into being a space'.
The transformation of the neighborhood is read through the concept of daily memory and turned into a narrative representation with counter-mapping methods. In addition, psychogeographic mappings of Moda Neighborhood reveal the everyday life practices of the contemporary urban space with the urban observation method of Georges Perec, which is enriched with the participant observation method.
The retrospective relationship of Moda Neighborhood and the waterfront is discussed through seacliffs to sea baths and beach, consecutive embankments and the 'Moda Sahili Otoyol Olmasın' social movements against 'highway' project of the authorities. The critical positions of the Moda Neighborhood in terms of this research's apprach are: the releationship of the built environment and geographical form, the reletionship of the habitants with the social and spatial environment and, the reletionship between customs, behaviours and experiences and the cultural and historical context. With the background of being a Modalı -a person who is from Moda- when a person is living in Moda- the neighborhood is going through changes that transforms the 'place' into a 'space'. With the exeptance that the encounters, meetings and the interactions of the habitants with Moda remain in the narratives of the neighborhood, Moda demonstrates one of the leasure spaces of the city that is open to consumption. Everyday life experiences of Moda shapes along with the mobile applications that hold out digital urban services such as Martı, Kedi, Binbin, Bineq and Link that enables everyday mobilities or Banabi, Getir ve ya Trendyol Market that provides daily grocery shopping. With mobile applications over 20 in İstanbul and Moda, the ordinary life of the contemporarry city is experienced through the digital extention of the urbanite's body.
Counter-mappings of Moda demonstrates a neighborhood built with 'what is remembered' as well as 'what is forgotten'. Mapping that show the streets with changed names and their use in everyday languge and the mapping of the planned/realised changes in the everyday spaces of built and geographical environment of the waterfront reveals this tension between remembering and forgetting the city. Hanged, drawn written or scratched messages, advertisements or announcements that constitutes the textual landscape of Moda is decyrpted and mapped simultaneously with psychogeographic and counter mapping techniques.
Grafities, posters, slogans or personal notes on the surfaces of the streets illuminates
the comsuption mechanisms, adminstrative warnings and informings, personal expressions and rebellious existances which generates arguments on the dynamic, identity, potentials and the challenges of the urban space. With the participant observations and site visits carried out from 2019 to 2022, we had the chance to witness many changes in this short period of time comparet to the history of the Moda neighborhood. Graffiti being erased under hung and dismantled posters, construction fences that hosted and continue to host thousands of posters, shops that have changed or closed, newly built buildings or new graffities added near older ones represent aspects of the changes regarding the built environment. However, participant observations show that especially the former residents of the neighborhood are strongly affected by these changes beyond the built environment. The study collects, documents and reintreprets these situations in order to highlight issues that lies behind ordinary practices.