Buzdolabında çok eksenli menteşe mekanizması tasarımı
Multi-axis hinge mechanism design on refrigerator
Yazar: MÜRVET SARI
Danışman: YRD. DOÇ. DR. VEDAT TEMİZ
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Makine Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2013
Konu: Mühendislik Bilimleri = Engineering Sciences
Dizin: Doğrusal hareket mekanizmaları = Linear motion mechanisms ; Düzlemsel mekanizmalar = Planer mechanism ; Kam mekanizmaları = Cam mechanisms ; Kayış-kasnak mekanizması = Belt-pulley mechanism ; Krank-biyel mekanizması = Crank-biel mechanism

Özet:
Son yıllarda beyaz eşya sektöründeki önemli gelişmelerden biri, ankastre ürünlerin yaygınlaşmasıdır. Beyaz eşya kullanıcıları, estetik açıdan daha iyi bir görüntüye sahip olan ankastre ürünleri solo ürünlere tercih etmektedirler. Bunun nedeni; ankastre ürünlerin mobilya ile hem yüzey olarak kullanılması ve bu sayede bu ürünlerin mobilya ile aynı hizada kalarak yer kaplamaması ve güzel görüntü oluşturmasıdır. Bu sayede mutfaklar daha modern görünmektedir. Bunun yanı sıra, son yıllarda yaygınlaşan başka bir trend ise buzdolabı ve derin dondurucu ürünlerini mutfakta yan yana yerleştirerek kullanmaktır. Soğutma amacına yönelik tasarlanan bu iki ürün yan yana kullanıldığında çift kapılı buzdolabı (side by side) görünümüne gelmekte ve estetik açıdan güzel bir görüntü ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Ankastre ürünlerin yaygınlaşması, evlerinde solo ürünler bulunan kullanıcıların bu ürünleri ankastre ürünler gibi mobilya ile hem yüzey kullanmak istemesi ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Ancak bu ürünler mobilya ile hem yüzey olarak kullanılamamaktadır. Bunun nedeni; bu ürünlerde kullanılan menteşelerin tek eksenli olması ve buzdolabı kapısı açılırken mobilyaya çarpmasıdır. Ayrıca buzdolabı ve derin dondurucu ürünleri yan yana olduğu durumlarda; bu  iki ürünün kapısı aynı anda açılırken kapıların birbirlerine çarpma riski söz konusudur. Solo buzdolaplarının ankastre buzdolapları gibi yan taraftaki mobilyaya çarpmadan açılabilmesi ve buzdolabı ve derin dondurucunun yan yana kullanılabilmesi durumunda kapıların birbirlerine çarpmadan açılabilmesi; üzerinde çalışılan projenin temel dayanağını oluşturmaktadır.
Bu gereksinimden hareketle, Arçelik AŞ ARGE İşletmesi ve Eskişehir Buzdolabı ve Kompresör İşletmesi bünyesinde, solo buzdolaplarını ankastre buzdolabı gibi kullanabilmek ve buzdolabı ve derin dondurucunun yan yana kullanılması durumunda, iki ürünün kapılarının birbirine çarpmadan açılabilmesini sağlayan çok eksenli menteşe tasarımının, yapılan patent ve literatür araştırmalarından sonra konsept tasarımları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan konsept tasarımları içerisinden problemin çözümü için en uygun olanı seçilmiş ve prototip üretimi yapılmıştır. Prototipin fonksiyonu gerçekleştirdiğinin kanıtlanmasıyla, bir adet deneme üretimi gerçekleştirilerek buzdolabına montajı yapılmıştır. Bu sırada ARÇELİK A.Ş. bünyesi içerisinde üretilemeyecek olan parçalar, dışardan temin edilmiştir. Bunun için gerekli teknik resimler hazırlanarak, bu parçaları üretecek olan firmalara iletilmiştir. Montaj yapıldıktan sonra üründe gözlenen bazı eksiklikler tespit edilmiş ve  detay tasarım aşamasında bu eksiklikler giderilmiştir. 
Bu çalışma sırasında, mekanizma yörüngesi oluşturulurken görülen önemli noktalardan birinin  menteşe pimlerinin konumları olduğu görülmüştür. Bu yüzden, menteşe pimlerinin konumları ile ilgili de çalışma yapılmıştır. Mekanizma yörüngesinin oluşturulduğu bilgisayar programında, menteşe pimlerinin konumları değiştirilerek mekanizma yörüngesinin durumuna bakılmıştır. Bu şekilde yörüngeyi bozan konumlar belirlenmiş ve menteşe pim deliklerine ölçü sınırları verilmiştir.
Son olarak buzdolabı kapısında bulunan display ekranına giden elektronik kabloların menteşeden kolay geçirilebilmesi ve kapının açılıp kapanması sırasında bu kabloların ezilmemesi için kablonun menteşe üzerine yerleşim yöntemi çalışılarak proje sonuçlandırılmıştır. Bu çalışma sırasında menteşenin montaj yöntemi üzerine çalışmalar yapılmış, yeni menteşenin montaja ve seri üretime uygunluğu sağlanmıştır. 
Tasarım aşamalarında, konstrüksiyon sistematiği öğelerinden yararlanılmıştır. Konstrüksiyon sistematiğinde anlatılan ve problemin doğru tariflenmesi, tasarımın doğru yapılması için gerekli olan adımlar izlenerek sonuca daha sistematik bir şekilde varılmıştır.
Detaylı tasarım çalışmalarında ve prototip üretimi sonrasında görülen, montaj ve estetik yönünden görülen eksiklikler ile sürtünme kaynaklı meydana gelen problemler giderilmeye çalışmıştır.  Maliyet açısından sorun yaratabilecek üretim metodları ve menteşenin mukavemeti açısından problem olabileceği tespit edilerek bazı parçalarda değişiklikler yapılmıştır.
Bu çalışma sayesinde; ?müşteri tarafından belirlenmiş ölçü sınırları ve tasarım parametreleri gözönünde bulundurularak konstrüksiyon oluşturma konusunda? bir tez oluşturulmuştur.

Abstract:
In recent years, one of the most important development  in the white goods sector is to become widespread of the usage of embedded type white goods.  White goods customers prefer these products which have more aesthetical image than free standing products. The reason is to be able to mount the embedded  products as on same surface with furniture and obtain better image in the kitchen. This results in modern image at kitchen. In addition, another trend which is prefered in recent days is to mount freshfood and freezer as side by side. These types of refrigeration devices is generally 60 cm in width. When the customer bring these two products together with a certain distance between them, they seem to side by side refrigerator. When this usage is prefered for these two products, better image for aesthetic point of view is obtained.
Due to the widely use of embedded products in white goods,  the customers who have free standing products want to use their products like embedded products. Because embedded type refrigeration devices are more expensive than free standing products. However, free standing products have one axis hinge mechanism and these can not be like embedded type of refrigerator because their doors crashed to the furniture when the doors are opened. Another problem occuring in the system is when freshfood and freezer are used like side by side, the doors of them can crash each other if the customer opens them at the same time. In addition, there is cable line which goes to display unit on the refrigerator?s door and it has to be in safe when the doos is opened. These problems are the main base of this project.
By considering these three problems, in ARÇELİK AŞ and in Eskişehir Refrigerator and Compressor Plant, multi-axis hinge mechanism was designed  after literature and patent researches. In patent research, the patents of hinge mechanism that solves the problem, embedded type refrigerators and normal wood hinge mechanism were examined and reported. In literature research, the refrigerators which have this hinge mechanism and can be used as embedded type refrigerator were researced and two main products were found in Electrolux and Bosch companies. After this, the best one of  concept designs for solving the problem  was selected and prototyped. For this concept, mechanisms were researched and modelled on SAM Ultimate Mechanism Design program. The mechanism that solves all problems was selected.
 After the function of prototyped was checked, the first trial product was manufactured and mounted on the refrigerator. Some mistake was corrected with new detailed design. At the same time,  some parts like pins which can not be produced in ARÇELİK A.Ş. were bought from different companies.  For this reason, some technical drawings were prepared and sent these companies. After the assembly, some mistakes on the hinge were determined and corrected on detailed design. 
During this project, one of the most important point on design was seen the position of pins. Therefore, another study was done for the position of pins. In  the computer program for consisting to path of mechanism, the change in path was seen when the position of pins. The position which broke the the path was determined and dimensional limitations were given for the holes of pins. For this step, the hinge manufactured by bending process was scanned 3D printing and compared with original 3D data to be able to see the change of the positions of holes. Then another hinge was manufactured with CNC machining and again scanned with 3D printing. After this, the best manufacturing process was determined to produce the hinge.
At last, the best arrangement of the assembly of electric cables  were studied  to prevent the squeezing of them ant the project was finished.  At that time, the method of assembly on the hinge was studied, the compatibility of the hinge to assproduction was provided. 
In design process,  the elements of systematic construction were used. Some steps that were told in systematic construction were followed and  necessary steps are followed to define the problem correctly do the design better and the result was achieved in a more systematic way.
During detailed design study and after prototyping, assembly, friction and aesthetic faulty were tried to correct. Eficiencies seen  in design process and prototype production about assembly, vibration and aesthetic are worked to be solved. The number of components used and the strength problems on  hinge can cause problems about cost are determined and some parts of  hinges were redesigned. 
As a result of this study, a thesis is writen about ?creating a construction considering dimensionel limitations required by customer and the design parameters?.
In recent years, one of the most important development  in the white goods sector is to become widespread of the usage of embedded type white goods.  White goods customers prefer these products which have more aesthetical image than free standing products. The reason is to be able to mount the embedded  products as on same surface with furniture and obtain better image in the kitchen. This results in modern image at kitchen. In addition, another trend which is prefered in recent days is to mount freshfood and freezer as side by side. When this usage is prefered for these two products, better image for aesthetic point of view is obtained.
Due to the widely use of embedded products in white goods,  the customers who have free standing products want to use their products like embedded products. However, they have one axis hinge mechanism and these can not be like embedded type of refrigerator because their doors crashed to the furniture when the doors is opened. In addition, when freshfood and freezer are used side by side, the doors of them can crash each other if the customer opens them at the same time. These problems are the main base of this project.
By considering these two problems, in ARÇELİK AŞ and in Eskişehir Refrigerator and Compressor Plant, multi-axis hinge mechanism was designed  after literature and patent researches. The best one of  concept designs for solving the problem  was selected and prototyped. After the function of prototyped was checked, the first trial product was manufactured and mounted on the refrigerator. Some mistake was corrected with detailed design. At the same time,  some parts like pins which can not be produced in ARÇELİK A.Ş. were bought from different companies.  For this reason, some technical drawings were prepared and sent these companies. After the assembly, some mistakes on the hinge were determined and corrected on detailed design. 
During this project, one of the most important point on design was seen the position of pins. Therefore, another study was done for the position of pins. In  the computer program for consisting to path of mechanism, the change in path was seen when the position of pins was changed. The position which broke the the path was determined and dimensional limitations were given for the holes of pins.
At last, the best arrangement of the assembly of electric cables  were studied  to prevent the squeezing of them ant the project was finished. Cable lines positions around the hinge were studied and it was decided to bring them at the top of hinge, bottom of hinge and near of the hinge. At that time, the method of cable line assembly on the refrigerator was studied, the compatibility of the hinge to mass production was provided. During this study, it was seen that sealing elements like gasket on the door of refrigerator would not wear. Because in new hinge mechanism, the door was opened and closed parallely to the body and the one side of gasket did not wear as it was seen on the older hinge mechanism.
In design process,  the elements of systematic construction were used. Some steps that were told in systematic construction were followed and  necessary steps were followed to define the problem correctly do the design better and the result was achieved in a more systematic way. Functional systematic steps are followed and list of assumptions are prepared. The best solution of the type of mechanism was confirmed these steps.
During detailed design study and after prototyping, assembly, friction and aesthetic faulty were tried to correct. Eficiencies seen  in design process and prototype production about assembly, vibration and aesthetic are worked to be solved. The number of components used and the strength problems on  hinge can cause problems about cost are determined and some parts of  hinges were redesigned. 
As a result of this study, a thesis is writen about ?creating a construction considering dimensionel limitations required by customer and the design parameters?.