İznik Gölü'ndeki sazan (Cyprinus carpio linneaus, 1758) ve akbalıkların (Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840)) sindirim kanalı helmintleri /
Yazar: HANDAN TÜRKMEN
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. ERKUT TÜZER
İstanbul Üniversitesi / Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Parazitoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Doktora, 1990
Konu: Veteriner Hekimliği = Veterinary Medicine
Dizin: Helmintler = Helminths ; Parazitoloji = Parasitology ; Sazan balıkları = Carps ; Sindirim sistemi = Digestive system

Özet:
Bu çalışma İznik Gölü'ndeki sazan (Cyprinus carpic) ve akbalıkların (Rutilus frisii) sindirim kanalı helmintlerini ortaya koymak amacıyla yapıldı. Çalışmamız esnasında 1988 Şubat ile 1989 Ocak ayları arasında bir yıl boyunca her ay 6 adet (3'ü erkek, 3'ü. dişi) sazan balığı ve 6 adet (3'ü erkek, 3'ü dişi) akbalık olmak üzere toplam 72 adet sazan ve 72 adet akbalık incelendi. Balıkların boyları, ağırlıkları ölçüldü ve yaş tayinleri yapıldı. Balıkların sindirim kanalındaki gözle görülen parazitler toplantıktan sonra, içerik stereo-mikroskopta incelendi. Bulunan parazitlerin bazıları laktofenolde şeffaflandırıldık- t-a-jQs, bazıları carmin-alune ile ve diğer bir kısmı ise kesit leri alınıp hematoksilen-eosinle boyandıktan sonra incelendi. Parazitlere ilişkin ölçümler alındı. Sazan balıklarının 30'unun (?°42), akbalıkların 14 ' ünün (&19y#).'bağırsaklarında helmintlere rastlandı. Sindirim, kana lının diğer kısımlarında helmint görülemedi. Sazanlarda Bo.th- riocephalus acheilognathi ( =B. gowkongensis ), Caryophyllaeus laticeps ve Neoechinorhynchus rutili ( =N. cristatus.), akbalık- Harda ise B. acheilognathi ve Capillaria sp. adlı parazitler bulundu. Her iki balıkta, sindirim kanalı helmintleriyle en- fekte olmaları bakımından erkeklerle dişiler arasında bir fark görülemedi. Balıklarda enfeksiyon oranının ilkbahar aylarında en yüksek, yaz aylarında ise en düşük olduğu veya enfekte ba-- - 25 carps (25 ?o); B.acheilognathi was found in A carps (5,6 %) and N.rutili was observed in 2 earps (2,8 ?o). in the infected fish the average numbers of parasites are as follows: in the carps: C.laticeps-19, B.acheilognathi-7,3 and N.rutili-2,5> in the roachs : B.acheilognathi-8,5 and Capillaria sp.-l. The average number of helminths in the infected fish were 17 in the carps and 8 in the roachs. Among the fish that uuere caught in the same month, the fish which were the same age and sex and which were uninfected with helminths, were longer and heavier than the infected ones, but only öne infected fish was heavier than the uninfected öne. The cephalic expansions of some C.laticeps specimens were deeply lobed as C.fimbriceps. But, the other specialities of ali these samples vuere the same as that of C.laticeps. And these samples vnere also identified as C.laticeps. Only öne male specimen of the genus Capillaria was obtained from roachs. But, the species of it couldn't be identified because of its partly destroyed structure. The.morphological measurements of parasites that we ob¬ served was nearly the same as the ones in Literatüre, in this study it is first reported that B. acheilognathi and Capillaria sp. are found on fish in Turkey. This study is the first re- search on the parasites of roachs in Turkey.

Abstract:
This study was made in order to determine the helminth: of the digestive tract of the carps (Çyprinus carpio, L.) and the roachs (Rutilus frisii, N.). During our investigation (from February 1988 to Janua-ry 1989), 6 carps (3 male, 3 female) and 6 roachs (3 male, 3 female^ (totally 72 carps and 72 :roachs )" were; exaıjıined;every month for öne yeârv The length and weight of the fish were measured and the âğe determination of the fish was made. The contents of the guts were examined under stereo-microscope after visible parasites were"collected from the digestive tract of the fish. Some of the obtained parasites were examined after being cleared in lacto- phenol and some of them were examined after being stained with carmin-alun. Besides, some of them were examined after histo-- logical sections of parasites were taken and stained with hemato- xylen-eosin. The measurements of the parasites ıwere determined. in this research, 30 (42 %) of the carps and 14 (19,4 ?o) of the roachs were infected with helminths. The helminths were seen only in the intestine. Bothriocephalus acheilognathi (=B. gowkongensis), Caryophyllaeus laticeps and N.rutili (=N.cristatus were obtained from the carps and B.acheilognathi and Capillaria sp. were obtained from the roachs. There weren't any differences between the infection rates of the males and the females of the fish. The infection rate of the fish mas the highest in spring and ıwas the least in summer, euen infected fish vueren't found in summer. Helminths were generally found as mono-infection, Caryophyllaeus laticeps ;ând N;rütîli - aiere; föünd together in the intestine of only öne çarp. Caryophyllaeus laticeps was seen in-«-S3>- 25 carps (25 ?o); B.acheilognathi was found in A carps (5,6 %) and N.rutili was observed in 2 earps (2,8 ?o). in the infected fish the average numbers of parasites are as follows: in the carps: C.laticeps-19, B.acheilognathi-7,3 and N.rutili-2,5> in the roachs : B.acheilognathi-8,5 and Capillaria sp.-l. The average number of helminths in the infected fish were 17 in the carps and 8 in the roachs. Among the fish that uuere caught in the same month, the fish which were the same age and sex and which were uninfected with helminths, were longer and heavier than the infected ones, but only öne infected fish was heavier than the uninfected öne. The cephalic expansions of some C.laticeps specimens were deeply lobed as C.fimbriceps. But, the other specialities of ali these samples vuere the same as that of C.laticeps. And these samples vnere also identified as C.laticeps. Only öne male specimen of the genus Capillaria was obtained from roachs. But, the species of it couldn't be identified because of its partly destroyed structure. The.morphological measurements of parasites that we ob¬ served was nearly the same as the ones in Literatüre, in this study it is first reported that B. acheilognathi and Capillaria sp. are found on fish in Turkey. This study is the first re- search on the parasites of roachs in Turkey.