Endüstri ürünü konut mutfakları
Industrial kitchens for houses
Yazar: HAKAN SAYEL
Danışman: PROF. DR. UĞUR ERKMAN
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1993
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture
Dizin: Endüstriyel ürün = Industrial product ; Mutfak = Kitchen

Özet:
ÖZET Bu çalışmada insanlıkla beraber başlayan beslenme olgusunun zaman içinde sadece beslenme eylemi olarak kalma yıp, toplumların kendilerine özgü sürekli bir değişim için de olan yemek kültürü ve içinde bu tür eylemlerin geçtiği mutfak dediğimiz mekanlara dönüşmesi araştırılmıştır. İlk bölümde beslenmenin insanlar için vazgeçilmez bir eylem, yaşamsal bir zorunluluk olduğu anlatılmıştır. İlkel toplumlarda kendilerine yetecek kadar besini üretemeyenler de yerleşik düzen mülkiyet, sosyal sınıf farklılıkları olun mamış yaşam standartlarındaki değişim de buna paralel ola rak sabit bir ivme göstermiştir. \ İkinci bölümde beslenmenin tarih öncesi toplumlarda ne şekilde olduğu anlatılmıştır. Buradan besin elde edilme sinin topluca yapıldığı, tüketiminin de yine topluca tören- sel bir havada geçtiği görülmüştür. Üçüncü bölümde modern mutfağın ortaya çıkmasını hazır layan endüstriyel, toplumsal nedenler incelenmiştir. Sanayi devrimiyle beraber oluşan çalışan toplumun değişen yaşam şekillerinin mutfağa yansıması anlatılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde konut mutfaklarının tanımı, kullanı lış tarzları, çeşitleri anlatılmış planlama ilkeleri şema larla gösterilmiştir. Gelişen teknoloji, üretilen bilimsel üietodların mutfağı nasıl bir değişim içine soktuğu ve günü müze hazırlayışı anlatılmıştır. Beşinci bölümde mutfaklarda kullandığımız başlıca ge reçlerin kısaca gelişimi anlatılmıştır. Günümüzde mutfak larda kullanılan bu araç gereçlerin özellikleri hakkında bilgiler verilmiştir. Altıncı bölümde mutfaklarda kullanılan mini elektrik li araçların fonksiyonel kullanımına uygun bir dolap tasar lanmıştır. VI

Abstract:
SUMMARY : INDUSTRIAL XITCHRMS FOR HOUSES In this study, the transformation of the feeding fact which began with the humanith and during history not remained just as nutrition activity, into a cousine culture which is always in a change specific to societies and into a place called kitchen which those kind of activities occur is investigated. In the first part, the inevitability and the survival obligation of feeding is explained. In the primitive societies with lack of food production; settled residence, possession, social class differentiations and specialization couldn't proceed and changes in life standards had shown a fixed acceleration parallel to those. At societies which could succeed on food production, just the opposites have been In the second part, a brief identification of feeding is done. Feeding in prehistorical communities is explained. Conseguently, it is considered that food is acguired by hunting together and consumed again together in a ceremonial manner. By the discovery of fire, human noticed that cooking made food more digestable. When residences and feeding need have met, places which feeding activity has been in, i.e, kitchens come to scene. In the thid part, occurance of modern kitchen and supporting industrial, social, technological reasons are examined. Solutions of residence problemdue to rapid increase in population by guick and rational industrial production systems has led the one type readymade kitchen thought enter in to houses. Changed social structure due to Industrial Revolution created working people population. Decreased leisure time of men has changed the meal culture. Quick - made and consumed type feeding methods are formed. Parallel to this, necessity of using mechanical or electrical devices is rised. vnIn the fourth part, identification of modern house kitchens, types of using, kinds of them and fundamentals of planning are shown. At conclusion we see that an ergonomic kitchen design principle has been established for kitchens for comfortable working of house wives and see. that planning is done by more scientific methods. For various treatments I, L, H, U, G type kitchen plans are being produced. In the fifth part, a brief summary of principal devices evolution we use in kitchens are explained it is examined to have projects which satisfies the needs more adeguate are in kitchens now. By improved techology various kinds of materials that can be produced are being used in those projects. Together with changes in kitchens, except of sources of energy as LPG ( liguid petroleum gas ), electricity natural gas is also in our kitchens as an alternative energy. In the sixth part, two alternatives for the functional usage of the electrical mini devices are suggested. In the first alternative, electric grill and frier which we can find in the part of indirect usage, are stored inside of the under part of the cupboard. And when it's needed to use, it would be taken off there and put on the workbench And when it's work is finished, it will be put back to it's place. In the design of this first alternative, the devices of the preparement area was the first degree criter. The devices \vhich are in the are of direct usage are between 73 and 146 cm height. For the frier and electric grill, an air condition system which formed by using oven fan is placed in the upper cupboard. In this system the fan makes the air condition of the cooker directly and a hole of 8 cm radius made on one side of the new designed cupboard gets the friers and the electric grills smoke to the air channel which is formed on the same side. And at the top a cupboard is designed for general storage. The cupboard of devices of direct usage is horizontally divided into two parts. Kitchen robot and to aster are placed lower part and coffee maker, egg boiler and coffee grinder are placed upper part. The plugs that supplies the devices electric power are placed inner side of the cupboard. villThe doors of the cupboard are designed as a store by PVC. These stores are 2 cm width, and are hinged together. The endes of the stores are curved so as to make them move easily. The stor doors are opened by using alimium handle bars. The store door moves on the 14x14x2 cm dimensioned aluminum rail, which ends bending backwards on the sides of the cupboard and the rail is screwed to these sides. The cupboard is produced from suntalam. The joints of the pieces are made by wooden joints elements. This newly designed cupboard needs a fan. Because of this it must be placed on the left or right side of the fan. The second alternative is also based on the idea of taking the kitchen devices on the workbench and after they are used off putting them back to their places easily it's also based on a mechanical system. In this design the resopal workbench which is hinged to the cupboard is opened to the wall side. Sy the help of those hinges the workbench stands straight. The other massive workbench placed lower inside comes out by the help of a bow system. The tension of this steel bow must face the weights of workbench, kitchen robot and bread toaster. The elements that fit the workbench and bow which is placed in the cylinder are screwed at the four corne's of the workbench. This massive workbench is fixed by a locking system. This locking system moves an a metal rail in order to prevent corrosion. Over this table there are holes for mixing bars. In this design suntalam is used on the surface, steel is used in the mechanic parts, and on the second moving workbench massive oak is used. Today it is seen that the kitchen is not only a place meeting the needs of meal, but more and more, having the stateof combine with life. Henceforth, there are difference of dimension and function or combining with the other placeses for kitchen. Space size for kitchen, bulk of house, howmany person would use that place, determining culinary loose furniture and equipment, to set the furniture and cabinets, to get an IXergonomical point of view over the kitchen design, to make organizing usable of the kitchen as getting of maximum work with perform of minimum tiring, all of those have been gradually being important in the kitchen design. Beside, requirments above as tolls, culinary loose furnitures, making the continue of process in the kitchen and the relations between the user and they, high of workbenchs, usability of cabinets and workbenchs etc... all of these criters, now, contain the rules of ergonomy. In our day, it is impossible to consider the kitchen as having no cabinet. However, until the last century, there was not any concept called kitchen cabinet. It was been able to talk about a feew little and simple storing furnitures. Not only in the houses of richmans, even in the houses of commen people, the problem of storing was firstly solved in the special part of houses, as pantry. The cabinet was not required in the time before industry age, when none of meal material was sold as being packed and generally they were kept in sack. With industrial revolution, on one hand, the dimension of house gradually becoming small, removed the possibility of making aplace for pantry, on the other hand, the period which all kind of meal materials would be sold as being packed, being suitable to easily consuming and carrying, began. Hence, the problem of the storing into kitchen had an important position more increasing, and production of cabinet was necessarily, and even inevitably. Primary kitchen cabinets made in the middle of 19. century were different than other firniture of house, and had almost same design charasteristics with them. They were made by using workmanship and material of less quality according to equipment of the other place in house. In Germany of 1920, the modernists, dwelling on the concept of special house, were also creater of contemparary kitchen with care of creating more bulk for storing and more active organizing in little place. Today, although, there are numerous kind of forms and materials, the design of kitchen cabinet. Still keeps points of view determined by them. | In our day, systems of kitchen which having the solitions containing different alternatives in them selves, are sold as having wide kind of product. It is goal that obscured culinary loose furnitures as dish, knife, fork,etc...only have to appear at the stage of using them. The solitions of fan systems and towelhangs obscured, today, frequently have using. It seems that some trend in the electric apparatus of kitchen. As much more of using of " Modular Kitchen " more and more mini elektric apparatus will have more place in the kitchen. For the apparatus stand on workbench in the kitchen at random, work conditions of user are more difficult. There is need of cabinet which is suitable to store this kind of apparatus and is functional in our day. As considering there is need of this type of cabinet having no production in our country, cabinet of electric apparatus has designed. By accepting the concept soon, now, historical process of kitchen will have a new frontiers, and kitchen of future will form. XL