Sosyal girişimcilik projelerinde tasarım girdisi: Türkiye'deki örnekler üzerinden bir inceleme
Design input in social entrepreneurship projects: A study on examples in Turkey
Yazar: SEVCAN EKMEKÇİOĞLU
Danışman: PROF. DR. ŞEBNEM TİMUR ÖĞÜT
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Endüstri Ürünleri Tasarımı Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2018
Konu: Endüstri Ürünleri Tasarımı = Industrial Design

Özet:
Tarihte 1929 ekonomik buhranı, sanayi devrimi gibi olaylarla devletin yanında sosyal konularda bireylerin, işletmelerin de aktif rol alması durumu gelişmiştir.  Sosyal etki yaratma konusunda ilerleyen dönemlerde farklı kavramlar oluşarak işleyiş biçimleri değişmiştir. Toplumsal refahı sağlamak adına sosyal sorunlarla ilgili yenilikçi ve sürdürülebilir çözümler arayışına gidilmiştir. Böylelikle farklı kavram ve tanımlar gelişerek araştırma konuları hâline gelmiştir.
Günümüzde sosyal sorumluluk kavramı her geçen gün, günlük hayatta karşımıza çıkan bir kavram olarak görülmektedir. Artık hayırseverlik insanlara yardım etmenin ötesinde bireylerin ve kurumların yürüttüğü projeler haline gelmiştir. Tüketiciler de ilişkide bulunduğu firmalarının kalite, hizmet, ürün beklentilerinin yanında ne tür sosyal sorumluluklar aldığını da takip etmekte, bu da alışveriş kararlarını etkileyen bir unsur hâline gelmektedir. Kuruluşlar toplumsal refahtan tutun çevresel sorunlara ve çözümlemelere kadar birçok konuyu ele alıp gönüllü olarak bunlarda yer alırken toplum da giderek bilinçlenmiş, yanındaki insanın, çevrenin, tüm canlıların içinde bulunduğu durumu gözetir hâle gelmiştir. Bu yaygınlaşma ve bilinçlenme de sosyal sorumluluk projelerinde yenilikçi ve yaratıcı düşünceleri oluşturma gerekliliği doğurmuştur.
Diğer yandan bir diğer gelişen kavram olarak sosyal inovasyon, sosyal sorunlara yönelik geliştirilen yeni yapılanma, örgütlenme, uygulamaları ifade ederken sosyal girişimcilik ise sosyal sorunları farkına varıp fırsat olarak görerek risk faktörüyle yenilikçi ve sürdürülebilir çözümlerle sosyal faydanın sağlandığı bir süreçtir.
Tasarım kavramı da her geçen gün farklı alanlara dahil olmakta ve bir çok girişim projesinin destekçisi olarak görülmektedir. Girişimcilik özelliklerini de taşıyarak bir iş geliştirme süreci olan sosyal girişimcilikte tasarım girdisi tartışılan tez kapsamında öncelikle sosyal sorumluluk projelerinin tanımlamaları yapılarak içerikleri hakkında bilgiler verilmektedir. Daha sonra yapılan literatür araştırması üzerinden sosyal inovasyon ve sosyal girişimcilik kavramları açıklanmaktadır. 
Çalışmanın ikinci aşamasında ise ülkemizde gerçekleştirilen sosyal girişimcilik projeleri ele alınmakta ve incelenmektedir. Mevcutta farklı alanlarda sosyal fayda sağlayan derneklerden, kurumsal firmaların yürüttüğü projelere kadar farklı girişimler bulunmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen sosyal girişim projeleri bireysel anlamda başlatılan örnek projelerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamındaki projelerle görüşmeler yapılarak incelenmektedir. Bu incelemeler yapılan literatür araştırması ile değerlendirilerek bir sonuç oluşturulmaktadır. Sonuç bölümünde ise tasarımın hangi temas noktalarıyla sosyal girişimcilik projelerine etki ettiği ya da edebileceği elde edilen girdiler ile tartışılmaktadır.

Abstract:
In history, the people and companies started to have a role about social issues due to the facts like 1929 economic crisis and industrial revolution. The industrial revolution brought many new ideas, thought, needs and problems such as environmental problems, daily and social lives of people, work life issues. The expectations of the society from individuals and companies increased and everyone took up the responsibility about susceptibility and creating solutions about them. So, social impact became a main issue of individuals and companies.    
Different ways of creating social impact developed in different periods of time. Innovative and sustainable solutions started to be searched about social issues to ensure social welfare.
Until these days, social concious level has been rised day by day and this rise is going on regularly. People both in social lives and as a consumer have started to examine social and environmental problems  and care about the lives and needs of others. There are not just economical issues now, the situation that the results of every action should be examined occur in people's lives. 
To follow these social needs, third sector was formed. It includes the  institutions and organizations that work as a foundation and association to fill the blanks that stay behind the public and private sectors. The third sector is important to engage in providing social needs. With the rise of this sector and these movements and increasing social needs, different notions and studies have occured. 
Nowadays, social responsibility has been the notion people use and face in daily life due to these facts and needs. The charity has turned to projects people and companies carry out beyond helping to people. This notion has been important for people's lives and companies' management approach. Social responsibility means the interest in social results not to focus on benefits of individuals or companies. The voluntary is important in social responsibility. There is no expectation besides the social impact.
Consumers also follow the social responsibility of the companies they are related beside the expectations about products, services and quality and this situation affects their decision about shopping. Now companies are responsible for the subjects from social welfare to environmental problems and their solutions as volunteers. These facts brought the notion corporate social responsibility about the responsibility of companies. According to Kotler and Lee (2008), corporate social responsibility is the liabilities undertaken to improve social welfare with the contribution of business application and corporate resources. It is important to decrease the negative impact beside to increase positive impact.
On the other hand, another notion that occurred due to the facts about industrialization and economical crisis in the world is social innovation. It is a developing notion express new structing, organization and applications which are developed for social problems and can be defined as new ideas that provide to meet social purposes and improve the people's lives. In social innovation it is important to creat influences on society as a whole instead of individuals. 
To create social benefit, some enterprises started to be seen to look for innovative solutions and focus on solving social problems. Even these approach to social problems has carried on for a long time, existence as a notion has developed recently.  Social entrepreneurship is a process to recognize the social problems and see them as an opportunity. By seeing these opportunities, social enterprises provide social benefit by innovative and sustainable solutions with the risk factor. Social entrepreneurship mostly in developing countries can be accepted as a field that indicate problems in some areas like human rights, health care, environment and education and that expose new approaches to these problems. After some organizations like Ashoka, social entrepreneurship has started to be supported much more and people are more encouraged to be a social entrepreneur. 
Social entrepreneurs are ordinary people who creates social value by seeing social problems as an opportunity. Social entrepreneurship aims the change. They have a big role to establish a social entrepreneurship and create the change with social impact. They have innovative solutions to social problems that affect the community.
The society is more conscious, and people care about other people, environment and the habitat all live in. This growing up and awakening have created the need to generate innovative and creative ideas in social responsibility projects. In the building the social responsibility areas, creative thinking gets involved and play a role in the process. To create innovative solutions, creative thinking has been a necessary. 
Design notion also began to be involved in different fields and seen as a supporter of many entreprise projects. Nowadays more designers have started to think about social impacts and use these ideas in social innovation actions. In the change that occur by social innovation, designer get involved. Design in social innovation helps the organization to approach more creative and contribute in different parts of the process. Some organizations can be seen to encourage the creativity and social entrepreneurship.
The design input in social entrepreneurship projects as a business development process that includes entrepreneurship features has been discussed in the study. The aim of the study is to determine the design's contribution on social enterprise projects in Turkey frame. According to study, firstly the social responsibility concept has been mentioned. In this frame corporate social responsibility and non-governmantal organizations have been explained. The literature part of study continues with social innovation concept. The meaning and process of social innovation has been explained. After that social entrepreneurship notion have been explained on the search of literature. This notion is supported with the notions of entrepreneurship, entrepreneur and social entrepreneur. The relation between design and social innovation, social entrepreneurship has been given with examples. The current events and developments have been mentioned to give information about the current circumstances about the subject.
In the second part of the study the social entrepreneurship projects that occur in Turkey have been handled and examined. There are different social enterprises from an association to the projects that are organized by corporate companies that provide social benefit in different areas. The projects that have been examined in the study are individual enterprise examples. The interviews have been done with nine projects that occur by individuals in Turkey. The questions have been asked under the titles to analyze the result. They have been asked about the general information of the project and the social entrepreneurs. Answers about the projects like their social benefit, financial development, the history have been got in this part. Then the questions about the aims and target groups. 
In last part of the interviews include the design questions. In this part information about the relation between projects and design has been aimed to get. If the project organizations involve designers inside or outside in the process has been asked to social entrepreneurs. They have been asked to consider about if they could work with designer in the team or designer could support them outsource. According to interviews research has been analyzed under these titles and the touchpoints of the design to projects have been tried to be reached.  
The result has been generated by examining the research and the literatur. In the result part, the influence of design on social entrepreneurship projects has been discussed with the input gained with the study. According to analysis, all social entrepreneurship projects are in the beginning level. All social entrepreneurs are involved in all process of the project and follow all steps. Most of social entrepreneurs use their equity capital in their project. Beside that, there are some grants and competition prizes that support them. Social enterprises are profit required organizations with social mission. They use this profit to make more social benefit and develop their project. 
In the design part of the conclusion, it is seen just three of the social enterprises involve a designer in the team and one of them has been got hired recently. The projects whose founder is the designer just hire designer. Other mostly have worked with outsources designer especially for the promoting the project like logo, website design. The contribution of designers includes whole process if the founder is designer. For other projects the contribution is limited about tools connecting to target group and design doesn't have financial contribution in these projects. All entrepreneurs have an idea about the contribution of design and designer for their projects if they could work with them. They are not so far from discipline to use their projects. Social entrepreneurs that are not design-oriented have focused on more promoting and user experience. It is seen that the connection between designer and social entrepreneurs have been discussed in the study.