Değişik zamanlarda yalnız ve arpa ile karışık ekilen iki fiğ çeşidinin (Vicia sativa L. ve Vicia ponnonica crantz) ot verimi ve otun bazı besin değerine etkileri üzerinde bir araştırma
A research on the effect hay production and some nutritive value of the hay of two vetch varieties, planted alone and mixed vetch barley of different periods
Yazar: ALİ GENÇ
Danışman: PROF. DR. İBRAHİM MANGA
Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Tarla Bitkileri Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1990
Konu: Ziraat = Agriculture
Dizin: Adi fiğ = Vetch ; Arpa = Barley ; Ekim zamanı = Sowing date ; Ot verimi = Grass yield ; Tarla bitkileri = Field crops

Özet:
Bu araştırma, değişik zamanlarda yanlız ve arpa ile karışık ekilen iki fiğ çeşitinin ot verimi ve otun bazı besin değerine etkilerini araştırmak ama cıyla 1988 yılında Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Kurupelit Kampusu* nde Ziraat Fakültesine ait deneme tarlasında kurulmuştur. Denemede kullanılan çeşitler adi fiğ (Vicia sativa L.) ve macar fiği (Vicia pannocia Crantz.). uygulanan ekim şekilleri yanlız ve arpa ile karışık ekim, ekim zamanları ise 1 Eylül, 16 Eylül, 1 Ekim, 16 Ekim ve 31 Ekim dir. Bölünen bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak kurulan bu denemede yaş ve kuru ot verimi, baklagil, buğdaygil, ham kül ve ham protein oranları ile ham kül ve ham pro tein verimleri araştırılmıştır. Denemede, 3 kg N ile 5 kg P_0 hesabıyla Amon yum sülfat ve Triple Süper Fosfat gübreleri uygulanmıştır. Hasat, bölgede ta rımı yapılacak bitkilerin ekim veya dikimi için toprak hazırlığına yeterli sü re bırakılması esas alınarak 20 Nisan 1989 günü yapılmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar aşağıda özetlenmiştir. 1. Yaş ve kuru ot verimi açısından macar fiği adi fiğden daha fazla ve rim sağlamıştır. 2. Ekim şekli yönünden macar fiğinin karışık ekimi yanlız ekiminden daha fazla verim sağlarken, adi fiğin yanlız ekimi karışık ekiminden daha fazla verim sağlamıştır. 3. En fazla yaş ot verimi, her iki çeşitte de 16 Eylül» de yapılan ekimden elde edilmiştir. 4. Ekim zamanı geciktikçe hem yanlız hem de karışık olarak ekilen ekimden sağlanan yaş ve kuru ot verimleri azalmıştır. 5. Baklagil-buğdaygil oranı bakımından çeşitleri karşılaştırdığımızda, macar fiği karışık ekiminde (% 87.17), adi fiğ karışık ekiminden (% 80.23) daha fazla baklagil bulunmuştur.46 6. Ham kül orana ve verimi yönünden ekim zamanları arasında önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. En yüksek ham kül oranı çeşit ortalaması olarak son ekimden elde edilirken, en yüksek ham kül verimi ilk ekimden eldi edil miştir. Aynı şekilde en düşük ham kül oranı ilk ekimden elde edilirken, en düşük ham kül verimi son ekimden elde edilmiştir. 7. Ham protein oranı ve verimi açısından ekim zamanları arasında çok önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Ekim zamanları içinde her iki çeşitin yan lız ve karışık ekim ortalaması olarak, en yüksek ham protein oranı ve verimi 1 Eylül tarihinde yapılan ekimlerden (?o 22.15 ve 123.81 kg/da) elde edilir ken, en düşük ham protein oranı ve verimi 31 Ekim tarihinde yapılan son ekim den (% 13.72 ve 47.23 kg/da) elde edilmiştir. 8. Çeşitler, ham protein verimine çok önemli etkide bulunmuştur. Çeşit ortalaması olarak macar fiği (97.23 kg/da) adi fiğden (76.20 kg/da) daha faz la ham protein vermiştir. 9. Kuru ot verimi ile ham protein oranı ve verimi arasında olumlu ve çok önemli bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. 10. Elde edilen bir yıllık sonuçlara göre, Samsun ekolojik şartların- da yaş ot, kuru ot ve ham protein verimleri birlikte dikkate alındığında ma car fiğinin Eylül ayı içinde arpa ile karışık ekilmesi önerilmektedir.

Abstract:
This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of five sowing dates on hay yield and quality of two vetchs, soWln alone and mixtured with barley at Kurupelit experimental area of Agricultural Faculty. In the trial Conmon vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and Hungarian vetch (Vicia pannonica Crantz) were used. Vetchs were sown as alone and as mixtured with barley ( Hordeura vulqare L.) at equal rates. Sowing dates were 1 and 16 September, 1, 16 and 31 October. The trial was designed in split-split plots experimental design with four replications. The vetchs were main plots, sowing methods were sub plots and sowing dates were sub-sub plots. Soil of experimental area was clayed in texture, slightly acidic, limeless, saltless, moderate in potassium, and poor in phosphorus and organic matter. As the climate of the region, sum mer is hat and arid, winter is warm and rainy. Trial was harvested on 20 April 1989 with consideration of the time necessary to prepair the soil for next crop at same year. Results of this study summarized as follows: 1. For fodder and hay yields, difference between vetchs was significant and among sowing dates were highly significant. _ Sowing method did not effect the fodder and hay yields. Fodder and hey yields of Hungarian vetch were 2400.27 and 501.00 kg/da while these yields for Common vetch were 1905.10 and 410.66 kg/da, respectively. For the fodder yield of Common vetch, mixture was lower than alone as 2535.60 and 2264.93 kg/da while for Hungarian vetch mixture hig her than alone as 2535.60 and 2264.93 kg/ da, resp. For sowing dates, the highest fodder yields were obtained from 16 Sep tember sowing while the highest hay yields were obtained from 1 September so wings for both vetch. For the fodder and hay yields of Hungarion and Common vetchs were 3054.35 and 639. 98, and 2223.72 and 477.38 kg/da, resp. For both43 vetchs the least fodder and hay yields were obtained from 31 October sowings as 1419» 60 and 306.44 kg/da for Hungarian vetch, and 1457.71 and 3İ0.28 kg/da for Common vetch resp. For the fodder and hay yields interaction between vetch and sowing date was highly significant, and between sowing method and sowing date was only significant. 2. There is a significantly difference among the sowing forms the view of legume and grain ratio. There was 87.17 percent legume on mixed sowing of the Hungarian vetch while there was 80.23 percent legume on mixed sowing of the Common vetch. To the legume and grain ratio, there is important interacti on between cultivar and saving from. It hasn't been found any significantly relationship between legume-grain ratio and dry fodder production. 3. Significant relationship was found between crude ash ration and see- dingtime. In the sametime significant relationship was found between crude ash yield and seedingtime. The highest average result crude ash ratio for cul- tivars was obtained (% 8.80) from the party seeded on October 31. The highest crude ash result was obtained on September 1, (43.89 kg/da). As an average of cultivars {% 7»23) the lowest crude ash production was received from the party which was seeded on October 1, while the lowest crude ash yield (Jo 7.23) was obtained from the last seed party (27.84 kg/ da) which was planted on October 31. There was n't any significant relationship between cultivars and crude ash ratio. But there was significant relationship between cultivars and crude ash yield. When vetch cultivars were considered one by one as average mixed seeding and seedingtime the result was, Hungarian vetch 38.62 kg/da, Common vetch 34.75 kg/da. 4. Sowing dates has an important role for the ratio and yield of protein. Although varieties had important effect on crude protein yield, did not have significant effect to crude protein ratio. Seeding procedure did not effect49 neither the crude protein percent nor the production yield. The highest average crude protein ratio and production yield was obtained from the party «Men was seeded on September 1 (Jo 22.15 and 123.81 kg/ da). Some way the lo west values were obtained from the party which was seeded on October 31 (Ji> 13.72 and 17.23 kg/ da). The highest crude protein yield was obtained (97*23 kg/da) from Hungarian vetch. While Common vetch gave 76.20 kg/ da crude protein. As far as crude protein production was concerned a highly significant relation was observed on variety-sowing dates and significant in seeding procedure-so- sing dates, A significant possitive corelation was found with dry forage yield to crude protein ratio and yield. 5. According to results that obtained one year experiment in Samsun* s ecological conditions, it is suggested that Hungarian vetch should be cultiva ted in September mixed with barley.