Farklı iletken ipliklerin farklı kumaş yapıları altında sıcaklık davranışlarının incelenmesi
Examination of the heat manner of different conductive yarns with different fabric types
Yazar: HANDE SEZGİN
Danışman: PROF. DR. FATMA KALAOĞLU ; YRD. DOÇ. DR. ERHAN BÖKE
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Tekstil Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2012
Konu: Tekstil ve Tekstil Mühendisliği = Textile and Textile Engineering
Dizin: Elektriksel iletkenlik = Electrical conductivity

Özet:
Günümüzün yükselen trendi olan elektronik tekstiller, elektronik bileşenleri giysilere entegre eden tekstil emelli bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerini içermektedir. Elektronik tekstillerde kullanılan elektronik bileşenler sensörler, aktüatörler, bataryalar, mikroişlemci, cep telefonları, mikrofonlar, mp3 çalarlar, video kameralar, bluetooth, GPS hatta uydu sistemlerinden oluşmaktadır.Elektronik tekstillerin tarihçesine baktığımızda çıkış noktasının bugün de pek çok alanda kullanıldığı sağlık sektörü olduğu görülmektedir. Elektronik tekstillerin ilk örneği 80 yıl önce tüberküloz hastalarının açık havada kullanması için üretilmiş olan elektrikli battaniyelerdir. Zamanla teknolojinin de gelişimiyle bir asır önce insanların hayal bile edemeyeceği güneşten aldığı enerji ile giysiye entegre edilmiş cep telefonu gibi cihazları şarj edebilen, giysiyi giyen kişinin kalp atışını, vücut sıcaklığını ölçebilen, ortama göre renk değiştiren akıllı giysiler üretilmiştir ve her geçen gün yenileri üretilmektedir.Yapılan bu çalışmada elektronik tekstillerin temelini oluşturan iletken ipliklerin artan gerilim değerlerine bağlı olarak sıcaklık davranışları incelenmiştir. Artan gerilime bağlı olarak kumaş yapısındaki iletken iplikler bir miktar sıcaklık açığa çıkarmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan sıcaklık, kullanılan iletken ipliğin çeşidine, kumaşın yapısına ve kullanılan ana ipliğin cinsine göre farklılıklar göstermektedir. Açığa çıkan sıcaklığın hem giysiyi kullanacak olan kişinin günlük yaşamında konforunu etkilememesi hem de iletken iplikle birlikte kullanılacak diğer ipliklere zarar vermemesi gerekmektedir.Bu çalışmada farklı iletken iplikler, farklı ipliklerle birlikte farklı örgü tiplerinde dokunarak değişik dokuma kumaş yapıları elde edilmiştir. Sonrasında bu kumaşlar termal kamera ile izlenerek kumaşta her noktadaki sıcaklık değeri ve dağılımı ölçülmüştür.Elde edilen sonuçların bundan sonra yapılacak elektronik tekstil uygulamaları için yön gösterici olması, özellikle de tasarlanacak elektronik kumaş konstrüksiyonlarında sonradan çıkabilecek konstrüksiyonu oluşturan temel ipliğin çıkan ısıdan erimesi, vücudun bölgesel olarak bu ısıdan zarar görmesi gibi sorunları baştan önlemeye yardımcı olması amaçlanmıştır.

Abstract:
In recent years, various novel and practical products have been emerged by the rapid development in science and technology in order to meet human demands. By textile science incorporating with electronic industry, Textile products developed are taking part in different areas including industry, military, space, medical in order to perform needing for health, protection, defense, communication and automation.Electronic textiles, which is the rising trend of today?s textile, contain information and communication technologies that integrates electronic components to textiles. Electronic components which is used for electronic textiles are composed of; sensors, actuators, batteries, microprocessors, mobile phones, microphones, mp3 players, video cameras, bluetooh, GPS an deven satellite systems.Components and interconnections are a part of the fabric and thus are much less visible and, more importantly, not susceptible to becoming tangled together or snagged by the surroundings.Consequently, e-textiles can be worn in everyday situations where currently available wearable computers would hinder the user. E-textiles also have greater flexibility in adapting to changes in the computational and sensing requirements of an application.The field of e-textiles can be divided into two main categories:?E-textiles with classical electronic devices such as conducting wires, integrated circuits, LEDs, and conventional batteries into garments. This is the common type of e-textile.?E-textiles with modern electronics directly on the textile fibers. This can include can either passive electronics such as pure wires, conducting textile fibers, or more advanced electronics such as transistors, diodes and solar cells. The field of embedding advanced electronic components onto textile fibers is sometimes called fibertronics.The number and location of sensor and processing elements can be dynamically tailored to the current needs of the user and application, rather than being fixed at design time.When we look at the history of electronic textiles it is seen that originating point is health sector which also has plenty of usage areas in e-textile sector today. Electric blanket that is produced for tuberculosis patients to use outdoors is the first example of e-textiles.In time with the development of technology, clothes that can charge devices like mobile phones which is integrated to clothes with solar energy, clothes that measure heartbeat and body temperature of the person who is wearing it and smart textiles that change colour depending on the environment which people can not imagine a century ago and new ones are produced day by day.Electronic textiles are used for many application. Generally, we can divide e-textiles in to eight groups according to their functions;1.E-textiles which have Heating Function2.Camouflage Clothing3.E-textiles that are used in Human Health4.Wearable Computers5.E-textiles that are used besides Clothing6.Fabrics Changing Colour according to Room TemperatureThe fields of e-textile researches are mostly done in military and medical applications.We can say that the most and first important example of e-textiles is ?The Georgia Tech Wearable Motherboard?. The Georgia Tech Wearable Motherboard uses optical fibers to detect bullet wounds, and special sensors and interconnects to monitor the body vital signs during combat conditionsIn this study, conductive yarns which are the base of e-textiles are examined. Conductive yarns in the fabric give out some heat according to rising voltage. The amount of heat differs according to type of conductive yarn and construction of fabric and the base yarn of the fabric. The given out heat must not affect the comfort of the people who wear these clothes in their daily lives and also must not give any damage to the other yarns that are used.In this project, 30 different woven fabrics are produced.We used,?8 different conductive yarns,?3 different silver yarn?5 different inox yarn?2 different base yarns,?Cotton?Cotton/Acrylic?3 different weave designs.?Plain?Twill?SateenThis fabrics are woven with hand looms. A DC power supply is connected to the conductive yarn of the fabric and voltage is increased one by one and thermal photos of each voltage is token by thermal camera.The amount of temperature at each point of the fabric and maximum temperature are determined.With the help of TestoIRSoft sofware program thermal photos are examined and the best fabric construction is determined according to this results.When the litterateur is examined, it is seen that there are many studies about electronic textiles. In these studies, conductive yarns and fabric construction of electronic textiles that affects functionality of e-textile product are investigated but it is seen that there is no study about the heat that is given out from conductive yarns.Achieved results will guide incoming e-textile applications and mostly will help to ignore the problems that may develop afterwards like; melting of based yarn of the contruction of fabric and damaging the regional parts of the body because of heat given out. And also, the heat given out from the conductive yarns of e-textile product must not affect the comfort of the wearer in his daily life