Havacılıkta hareketli nesne veri tabanı uygulamaları
Moving object database applications at aviation
Yazar: KONURALP KÜÇÜKÖDÜK
Danışman: DR. PERİHAN PEHLİVANOĞLU
Hava Harp Okulu Komutanlığı / Havacılık ve Uzay Teknolojileri Enstitüsü / Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı / Siber Güvenlik Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2015
Konu: Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bilimleri-Bilgisayar ve Kontrol = Computer Engineering and Computer Science and Control
Dizin: Konumsal veri tabanı = Spatial database ; Temporal veri tabanı = Temporal database

Özet:
Uydu, Küresel Konumlama Sistemi (GPS) ve kablosuz algılayıcı ağ teknolojisindeki gelişmeler ile hareketli nesne verilerinin kullanımı artmaktadır. GPS teknolojisi ile birçok yeni uygulama ortaya çıkmıştır. Doğal yaşam hareketlerinin analizi için vahşi hayvanların izleri incelenmektedir, ticari araçların yönetimi için GPS takılmaktadır ve uydular vasıtasıyla hava durumunu gözlemlenmektedir. Hareketli nesneler; uçaklar, gemiler ve insanlar gibi GPS takılmış her hangi bir obje olabilir. Bunlar hareketli nokta olarak veri tabanında saklanmaktadır. Bunun dışında hareketli alan denilen başka bir nesne türü daha vardır. Örneğin; bulutlar, terörist grubu veya göç eden kuşlar. Bu araştırmanın ilk hedefi Havadan Erken Kontrol İhbar Uçağı'nın (AWACS) hareketini izleyen bir sistem tasarlamaktır. İkinci olarak havada veya yeryüzündeki nesnelerin AWACS'a etkisini incelemektir. Son olarak; sorguların simülasyon olarak gösterilmesini sağlamaktır. Tez çalışmasında gerçekleştirilen görevler ve kullanılan bilgiler gerçek değildir ve sadece tez çalışmasının hazırlanması amacıyla üretilmiştir.
Bu araştırmada, Secondo adında bir veri tabanı prototip sistemi kullanılmıştır. Bu sistem zamana bağlı değişen geometrileri canlandırabilmektedir. Secondo, hareketli nesnelerin geçmiş hareketlerinin tümünü canlandırabilmektedir. 
Secondo'da, AWACS'ların hareketli noktalar olarak ve hava olaylarını da hareketli alanlar olarak canlandırdık.  AWACS'ın belirli kalkış zamanı, rotası ve görevleri vardır. Türkiye dışından gelecek bulut kütlesini meteoroloji uzmanları gözlemleyebilmektedir ve bu sayede uçuş ekibini uçuş için bilgilendirebilmektedir. Bu bilgiye bağlı olarak, hava olaylarından kaçınabilmek amacıyla yeni rota oluşturulabilmektedir. Bu tarz bir sistem; AWACS filosu dışındaki filolarda da kullanılabilir.
Secondo'nun hava tahminlerine yönelik uçuş rotası değişimi için kullanılması AWACS görevlerini daha verimli yapabilir. AWACS filoları bu kabiliyet sayesinde hava savunmasını güçlendirmiş olacaktır. Sonuç olarak; uçuş güvenliği önemli ölçüde sağlanmış olacaktır.

Abstract:
Usage of Moving Object Data increases all the time with the advances at satellite, Global Positioning System (GPS) and wireless sensor network technology. GPS technology promotes many new applications and uses moving object databases at various fields. Animal scientists track wildlife to investigate environmental act, merchants insert GPS in cars to guide vehicles and meteorologists use weather satellites to observe weather. Moving entities could be GPS attached electrical equipment: such as planes, ships, human beings and animals. These are called moving points. Still, there are some other moving entities called moving regions. For example; snow, rain, a group of terrorists and migrating birds. The primary target of this research is to see the movement of Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS) and secondly querying the objects at weather and earth surface which affect AWACS. Lastly, simulate the queries. The information stated and missions demonstrated in the thesis are all fictitious and created only for the purpose of this thesis. 
At this research, we used a prototype database system called Secondo. This system is able to demonstrate moving objects, continuously changing time-dependent geometries. Secondo has capability to represent complete histories of move¬ment. Usage of the system is very practical. Previously, it's used at academic studies at all over the world.
At our research, we created moving points which represent AWACS and moving regions which represent clouds. AWACS have planned departure time, specific routes and missions. Normally if a cloud or thunderstorm approaches from Europe or Asia the meteorologists observe the movement of weather and inform the flight crew before flight. With Secondo, movement of weather can be shown at Graphical User Interface (GUI) and new flight route can be planned or departure time can be changed to avoid from meteorological conditions. Apart from AWACS squadron, this type of system can be used at every Turkish Air Force squadrons. Flight safety is a critical subject. Thus, by using this system, flight safety can be highly maintained. 
Peace  Eagle Airborne Early Warning and Control (AEW&C) aircraft provides advanced airborne surveillance and battle management capabilities and can simultaneously track airborne and maritime targets. With its advanced radar technology it can detect, track and identify small targets, unmanned air vehicles and various missiles to maintain situational awareness and ensure air superiority. With the capability of flying at high altitudes it's able to observe rough territory. Radar technology allows identification of potential targets and friendly aircraft over hundreds of square miles in any direction. Mission duration increases with air to air refueling ability. Thus, AWACS increases the country's self-defense capability.
The system we designed demonstrates six different AWACS missions and three different types of orbit patterns. Six different missions are; east, west, south and north of Turkey, Spain and Afghanistan missions. Flight missions that we demonstrate are not real.
Aviation has come a long way since the Wright brothers first flew the Kitty Hawk. One thing that has not changed is the role that weather plays in fatal airplane accidents. Even after a century of flight, weather is still the most important factor results with accidents.
One of the most important activity done about flight is the pre-flight briefing. Pre-flight briefings held before every flight at squadrons. Briefings are compulsory for the flight crew because it helps to be prepared well to the flight. Meteorological condition is an important section which is mentioned at briefings.
Meteorologist mention about sky conditions, icing conditions, cloudiness, visibility, surface winds, lofty winds, precipitation, temperature and Notice to Airmen (NOTAM).  Meteorologists report these issues to flight crew by speaking or just showing the weather chart. With our research weather condition could be demonstrable via GUI. Therefore, pilots could be able to see the movements visually.
So far, Secondo is used to display similar databases for querying only past and present situations. This research will assist future cases to be queried. Past event's data are already known. We could observe cloud's history which arrives eastward from Europe to Turkey. Its data such as coordinates, shape, size, directions, speed, altitude etc. recorded instantly. Thus, analyzing historic data can help us forecast when and where clouds may be in the future.
Meteorologists, who come to squadrons early in the morning, to give briefing, just need to enter the current weather condition. Secondo will compute and demonstrate the estimated location of clouds. 
AWACS's missions, routes and planned take-off, landing times are certain. If meteorologists point out the forecast of weather chart and show where and when the clouds going to be, flight crew can take precautions before take-off. Showing the movement of weather entities and planes visually is highly beneficial.
To see if AWACS aircrafts encounter with hazardous weather conditions, several queries can be used. In this way, flight route can be modified, planned mission can be canceled and take-off time can be changed to maintain safety.
We explained spatio-temporal databases and mentioned differences between classical databases. Moving object databases are rapidly developing field and have a wide range of usage.
Using Secondo at AWACS route modification according to weather forecasting can make AWACS squadron more useful. Flights may become safer. AWACS squadron's development at visual forecasting may help Turkish Armed Forces, double its power and increase its defense.
Besides, this idea can be used all around the World at commercial aircrafts with integrating radar scope to the cockpit which holds instantly updatable weather conditions. This may make airlines safer.