Kentsel etkinlikler kapsamında festivaller ve kentsel mekana etkileri: İki mekan iki festival
Festivals in the scope of urban events and their effects on public space: Two places two festivals
Yazar: BÜŞRA YILMAZ ŞİRİN
Danışman: DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ GÜLDEN DEMET ORUÇ
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Kentsel Tasarım Ana Bilim Dalı / Kentsel Tasarım Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2018
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture ; Peyzaj Mimarlığı = Landscape Architecture ; Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning

Özet:
Kent hayatı ile kültürel etkileşimlerin birleşimini yansıtan "kentsel festivaller" küçük etkinlikler ile büyük farklılıklar yaratırlar. Yerel ve uluslararası ölçekte kentsel hareketliliğe katkıda bulunurlar. Kentsel festivaller, "mutlu bir şehir" olma yolunda en önemli adımlardan biri olan yerel etkinlikler aracılığıyla kamusal alanlarıyla başarılı bir şekilde iletişim kurmuş olan kullanıcıların kentlerde şehir ile barışık olarak yaşamasını sağlıyor.
Kentsel festivaller, kentle kullanıcı bağlantılarının kurulması, ayrıca yerel halk ile turistlerin de etkili bir şekilde dahil olduğu kentsel gelişim politikalarının irdelenmesi ve kentin dinamik yapısında birlikte gelişebilecekleri bir şehir modeli oluşturmak için önemli bir araç haline gelmiştir. Kamusal alanlar, bireysel odaklı olarak kenti birbirine bağlayan, sanat - kültür - yaratıcılık üçgeninde gelişen, kullanıcı odaklı yerel faaliyetleri destekleyecek şekilde tasarlandığında, bu alanlardaki turizm faaliyetlerinin kentsel kimlik üzerindeki olumlu etkisi kaçınılmazdır. Yerel yönetim, özel sektör ve insanlar tarafından organize edilen bu etkinlikler, kullanıcılarla sağlıklı iletişimi teşvik etmek ve uluslararası katılımı çekmek için geçici kamusal alan kullanımını arttırmaktadır. Bu kentleri geleceğe birlikte taşımanın en iyi yolu olarak görülebilir.
Tüm bu olumlu etkilerin yanı sıra, etkileşim seviyelerinin göz önünde bulundurularak tüm festivallerin olumsuz yönlerinin de araştırılmasının tüm festival literatüründe eksik kaldığı görülmüş; kentin akupunkturu haline gelen festivallerin negatif etkilerinin de yadsınmayacak kadar görünür olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu kapsamda çerşitli görüşmeler yapılmış, kente ve festivallere hakim, kentsel hafıza açısından iz bırakmış etkinlikler içerisinde bulunmuş kişiler ile söyleşi gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Abstract:
Festival, as one of the important living city indicators, is an art performance and celebration with special significance whose period, the number of participants is determined with a program before the event. Another way of speaking with the city, as a connector of city and its users. In a dynamic city structures, festivals carry an effective feature, as keeping the city alive. 
The festivals, together with the urban space, have had a great impact on the image and readability of the city and have become one of the most important factors that unite the users and the cities. The marks left by the festivals, which can leave traces in the daily life of the citizens, should also be investigated. The changes in the scope and scale of the activities planned in line with the needs and desires of the citizens and their effects on the city are changing. In the changing and developing cities, the effects of the festivals were seen with positive results, while the negative results were followed by these positive results.
The dynamics of urban festivals brought about in urban life are undeniably important today. These dynamics develop in a way that will allow the city to have a sustainable living is a feature in all the activities to be hosting festivals from small-scale to large-scale festivals. Before the festival, it should be stated that the activity in a specific time, space and user space to the effects of post-event; it should also be ensured that all effects are positive.
The importance of the conceptual dimensions of the relationship emerge from the urban planning scale to the landscape planning dimension. As a festival effect can be understood over time; there are also festivals that don't let the city to be forgotten itself at the end of the festival. While some festivals preserve the time from the moment held; some festivals are combined together with urban dynamics; it eliminates itself and its effects in a healthy way within the scope of urban uses.
In addition to the positive impact of urban festivals on the city, the existence of negative effects should be accepted; while the negative effects of the growing festivals increased, it was observed that the localized festivals increased the effect of integrating the city and the user.
The aim of this thesis is to determine the negative effects of urban activities that improve the city, and to determine the interventions that can be done to detect and minimize these effects without damaging the city. In this study, urban activities and the effects of these activities on urban space are examined in the conceptual and theoretical framework which constitute the infrastructure in the literature. The status and causes of the festivals were questioned; it has been revealed how old it is from the past to have strong relations with the city.
Due to the fact that festivals have different urban influences among themselves, the need for classification emerged when conceptually examining the past and present of the festivals. Based on the previous studies, it was seen that the most important ones were to make classification according to their scale and scope. The effects of the scale and scope of the festivals on the life of the city were tried to be observed and the comparisons in the literature were included. In this context, it was seen that the concept of urban image came to the fore. The relationship between the urban reflections of international image and festivals was tried to be revealed.
The effects of the relation between the festival and the city, which constitutes the backbone of the thesis study, are also explained under the title of festival - city relationship. The effects of the festivals on the city are gathered under four main headings. The economic, social, spatial and environmental effects within the theoretical framework on the city have been studied.
In the name of the conceptual approaches of the festival effects on the city, Various cultural festivals of different cultures were examined; the relations with the city was tried to be understood. The effects of different festivals around the world were investigated.
It is provided  with the examination of the examples, supported by sociological geography, so many elements and fed by a deep-rooted culture festivals in Turkey with an in-depth investigation. In terms of festivals, from different cities of Turkey, in different scope and scale, it has been tried to understand the relationship between cities and festivals. 
Because of Istanbul hosts Turkey's most populated, cultural diversity and the maximum number of events in its provinces, examining the effects of festivals has been seen as one of the major cities. In this context, the positive and negative effects of festivals were investigated in Istanbul, which has metropolitan dynamics. The importance, type, content and spatial use of the festival in the city planning policies are examined. 
Within the scope of the thesis, festivals with different characteristics were selected and the role of the festival and its effects on the city described were examined. The Bozcaada example was chosen because it is an event that is fed by island culture of the festival and has a great effect in its daily life; local festivals were tried to be revealed on the island. The festival, which was chosen as the second area of this investigation, was designated in the Tomtom Kaptan Neighbourhood in a large and crowded metropolis, in Istanbul. It was considered interesting because the festival used public space and included design elements that are so popular today; the effects on urban transformation in the neighborhood was examined.
The first of the example is Bozcaada, which is home to a local festival. In this context, Bozcaada Grape Harvesting Festival was chosen to provide recognition of the island and its economic continuity. It has been investigated whether the increasing tourist potential has affected the local life, cultural and agricultural accumulation on the island. Going to Bozcaada to observe the effects of local influences on the city and to reveal all positive and negative reflections; interviews were conducted with local people, island NGOs, associations, artisans, owners of vineyards and Bozcaada governor. 
Bozcaada's relationship with the local festival, its being an island and therefore its rapid impact on the dynamics within it has been one of the main reasons for this research. A small change in island dynamics contributes to the daily life of the residents and the tourists. One of the main factors that make up this dynamic is the Grape Harvesting Festival which has provided the promotion of the island and still leads to the continuation of the tourist destination. The second sample area was selected as Beyoğlu Tomtom District in order to investigate the festival effects in Istanbul. During the festival, the festival was held in the festival area and meetings were held with visitors, organizers and local residents. The survey was conducted with the participants of the festival; opinions of the visitors about the festival and its effects were investigated. As a result, the effects of the festival effects were evaluated and recommendations were made how to increase the positive effects for a sustainable urban life and how to reduce negative as well.