Elit kadın voleybolculara sezon sonrasıuygulanan düzeltici egzersizlerin fonksiyonelhareket analizi (FMS) skoruna etkisi
The influence of corrective exercises applied tooff season elite female volleyball players onfunctional movement screen (FMS) scores
Yazar: MUSTAFA SAVAŞ AKKAYA
Danışman: DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ SEYED HOUTAN SHAHIDI
İstanbul Gedik Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2024
Konu: Spor = Sports

Özet:
Spor ve fiziksel aktivite dendiğinde, aktivite sırasında iskelet kas sistemi
tarafından yüksek düzeyde kuvvetin üretilmesi iskelet kas sisteminin kondisyonu,
motor becerilerinin yeterli düzeyde koordinasyonu ve kontrolüne bağlıdır. Güç ve
kondisyon antrenörlerinin buradaki rolü ise sporcuların yaralanmalara karĢı dayanıklı
olmaları, sporcu performansının artırılması ve vücutlarını geliĢtirmelerine yardımcı
olacak egzersiz programlarının tasarlayarak mevcut durumdaki en iyi uygulamaları
kullanmaktır. Fonksiyonel Hareket Analizi (FMS) sporcularda ve yaralanma
risklerini ve asimetrileri öngörmede kullanılan bir test bataryasıdır. Yaralanmaların
önlenmesinde de esneklik, kuvvet ve kondisyon gibi değiĢken nörümüsküler
yapıdaki dengesizliklerin sporcuların antropometrik ve demografik bilgileriyle
birlikte değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. FMS de bu hareket kalıplarına göre
sporcuda var olan sınırlamaları, zayıflıkları ve hareket kalıbının kalitesini
değerlendirmekte kullanılır. Bu çalıĢma elit kadın voleybolculara sezon sonrası
uygulanan düzeltici egzersizlerin Fonksiyonel Hareket Analizi (FMS) skoruna
etkisini incelemek üzere yürütülmüĢtür. FMS skoru ölçümleri yapılırken mobilite
yeterliliği, motor kontrol yeterliliği ve fonksiyonel hareket paterni hareket testi
alanlarında yer alan 7 test bataryası uygulanmıĢtır. Yapılan araĢtırmaya 15 elit kadın
voleybolcu gönüllü olarak katılmıĢtır. Sporcular 28±4.55 yıl yaĢ, 184.13±5.50 cm
boy uzunluğu ve 71.56±7.63 kg vücut ağırlığı ortalama değerlerine sahiptir. Ġlk FMS
test skorları sporculara düzeltici egzersiz antrenman programı uygulanmadan 48 saat
önce, ikinci FMS test skorları da düzeltici egzersiz antrenman programı sona
erdikten sonra 24 saat içinde günün aynı saatlerinde yapılmıĢtır. Verilerin
değerlendirme sürecinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve aynı grupta farklı zamanlarda
yapılan ölçümlerin etkinliği değerlendirileceği için Wilcoxon ĠliĢkili Ġkili Örneklem
Testi kullanılmıĢtır (p=0.5). 15 elit kadın sporcunun ilk FMS testi
değerlendirmesinde toplam FMS skorları ortalama 14.13±1.92 ve ikinci FMS testi
değerlendirmesinde toplam FMS skorları ortalama 17.00±1.13 olarak bulunmuĢtur.
Yapılan istatistiki değerlendirmede ise düzeltici egzersizlerin FMS skorları üzerine
etkilerinin istatistiksel değerlendirme sonucunda anlamlı bulunduğu ve egzersizlerin
FMS skorları üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğu ortaya konulmuĢtur. Düzeltici
egzersizler sporcuların asimetrilerini çözmede etkili olmuĢ ve fonksiyonel özellik
göstermiĢtir. Bu çalıĢmadan antrenörler, spor hekimleri, fizyoterapistler ve
kondisyonerler elit voleybolcuların yaralanma olasılıklarını ve bunun tedavisinde
etkili olabilecek düzeltici egzersiz yöntemleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olmak için
faydalanabilir. Yapılacak tez çalıĢması ile literatüre bu konuda eĢsiz bir katkı
sunulacak ve mevcut durumda yapılan FMS test skorlarının değerlendirilmesi
konusunda diğer çalıĢmalara da yardımcı olacaktır.
Anahtar sözcükler: elit kadın voleybolcu, fms, fonksiyonel hareket analizi,
düzeltici egzersiz modeli

Abstract:
The production of high levels of force by the musculoskeletal system during
the acitivity depends on the condition of musculoskeletal system and adequate
coordination and control of motor skills when it comes to sports and physical
activity. The role of strength and conditioning coaches is to use the best practices
available by designing exercise programs that will help athletes resisting injuries,
increasing athlete performance and improving their bodies.
Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a test battery to predict injury risks
and asymmetries in athletes. So as to prevent injuries, imbalances in variable
neuromuscular structures such as flexibility, strength and conditioning need to be
evaluated topether with the athlete‟s anthropometric and demographic information.
FMS is also used to evaluate the limitations, weaknesses and quality of the athlete‟s
movement patterns according to these movement patterns. FMS has 7 different
movement pattern tests which are deep squat test, huedle step test, inline lunge test,
shoulder mobility test, active straight leg raise test, trunk stability push up test and
rotary stabiltiy test. Every test will be evaluated over 3; moreover, a person can take
21 as a maximum score. 14 is expressed as a threshold which provides the
information about the risk of injury. If a person get a FMS score under 14, the
meaning of the score is a decrease in athletic performance and an increase in injury
risk.
Volleyball is a sport in which there is a minimum contact with the rival team
members when it compared to other sports. Due to this, the injuries occured in
volleyball are mostly non-contact injuries. In spite of there is a minimum level of
contact with rival team members, the cause of injuries occurred in volleyball results
from long training hours and changes in musculoskeletal system. Volleyball players
must accelarate, slow down and cahnge their direction in a short time based on the
movement of the ball during the match. Also, jumping and landing techniques are
basic movement techniques which are used in volleyball like other sports. Injuries
are occured in athletes based on the basic movement patterns used during the match
like knee injuries, ankle injuries, finger injuries, shoulder injuries etc. Knee injuries
and sholulder injuries results from overuse of the related body parts, furthermore,
these injuries do not heal quickly and cause the athlete to stay away from matches
for a long time. However, ankle injuries and finger injuries are acute injury types,
and the injuries heal quickly. So that, the athlete can play volleyball in a short period
of time. Elite athletes have the high probability of injury related to dense training
programs despite their higher pain threshold.
Improvements in musculoskeletal system to raise sports performance are
possible with a scientifically designed and regularly implemented resistance training
program. Hence, it is possible to decrease the severity and risk of injuries that may
ocur in the body. The rehabilitation process of musculoskeletal system starts with
THE INFLUENCE OF CORRECTIVE EXERCISES APPLIED TO
OFF SEASON ELITE FEMALE VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS ON
FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT SCREEN (FMS) SCORES

xvi

defining the weakest link in the body. Use of exercises as a treatment method is not
recently discovered, however, it is an interesting method to correct disfunctions. The
reason behind the disfunctions results from biomechanic weaknesses in the
musculoskeletal system. Rehabilitation of these weaknesses can be provided by a
well designed and correctly implemented exercise program. It is possible with
corrective exercises to increase muscle performance, to decrease re-injury risks and
to accelerate the healing process. Improving musculoskeletal system and provision
of correect movement patterns will have positive effects on the quality of life and
health of the person in the long term.
Successfull corrective exercise program requires evaluation and program
design. It is vital to define the cause of disfunction in the evaluation process. The
main aim of the evaluation should be defining the mechanics of disfunction to
rehabilitate the problem and to decrease the pain. Otherwise, the rehabilitation
process of person will be slow down due to pain even if there is a well designed
corrective exercise program. Program design is as important as evaluation process.
Because the body composition and their capability to do movements differ from each
other. Corrective exercise programs aim to improve muscle balance in an optimum
level. Stability, functional strength and functional power have to be supported by
corrective exercises like muscle balance. This process requires an individual based
evaluation and program design to get better results.
The aim of this study is to examine the influence of corrective exercises on
FMS score evaluaiton process in off-season elite female volleyball players. 15 elite
female volleyball players participated in the reasearch voluntarily. The athletes have
and average age of 28±4.55 years, height of 184.13±5.50 cm and body weight of
71.56±7.63 kg. The first FMS score evaluation were made 48 hours before the
corrective exercise training program which applied during 8 weeks. The second FMS
score evaluation were made at the same time of the day within 24 hours after the
corrective exercise program ended. The corrective exercise program which were
applied during 8 weeks include foam roller, static stretch, mobility, static motor
control, dynamic motor control and strength exercises. Athletes did exercises 3 days
a week for the first 4 weeks, 4 days a week for 5th and 6th weeks and 5 days a week
for 7th and 8th weeks. During data evaluation process, descriptive statistics and
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test were used since the effectiveness of measurements
made in the same group at different times would be evaluated (p=0.5).
In the first FMS score evaluation of 15 elite female athletes, the average of
total FMS scores were found to be 14.13±1.92, and in the second FMS test
evaluation, the average total FMS scores were found to be 17.00±1.13.With the
Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test, it is revealed that the influence of corrective exercises
on total FMS scores were found to be significant. It means that the corrective
exercise program that applied to study group has a positive effect on total FMS
scores. Corrective exercises were effective in solving athletes' asymmetries and
showed functional properties. Coaches, sports physicians, physiotherapists and
conditioners can benefit from this study to obtain information about the injury
possibilities of elite volleyball players and corrective exercise methods that may be
influential in treatment process of injuries. Together with helping other research on
the assessment of the current FMS test scores, the thesis study will add a valuable
contribution to literatüre.
Keywords: elite female volleyball player, fms, functional movement screen,
corrective exercise model