Büro binalarında iç mekan düzenlemesi /
Yazar: ŞAHİN NAGHAVİ
Danışman: PROF. DR. ERSİN EMİROĞLU
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Bina Bilgisi Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1995
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture
Dizin: Bürolar = Offices ; İç mekan tasarımı = Interior design

Özet:
Bu tezin konusu, Büro Binalarında, iç Mekan Düzenleme çeşitlerini incelemek, bunları gruplayarak, herbirinde mekan düzenlemede kullanılabilecek yöntemler ve dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma sekiz bölüm ve bir ekten oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde, büro binaları genel olarak tanımlanıp sınıflandırılmaktadır, ikinci bölümde ise, büro binalarında, büro mekanı oluşturma işleminde, kullanılabilecek alternatifler özellikleri ile birlikte irdelenmektedir. Üçüncü bölümde, oluşturulabilecek büro mekanı türlerine bağlı olarak, tefriş özellikleri ve mekan düzenlemede izlenmesi gereken adımlar ve kurallar, uygulanmış örnekler ile sunulmaktadır. Dördüncü bölümde, her büro mekanı türünün, teknik ve ekonomik olarak diğer alternatifler ile kıyaslanarak, oluşabilecek farklar saptanmaktadır. Beşinci bölümde, mekanın ihtiyaçlara en uygun şekilde düzenlenmesi, işletme ve kişisel ihtiyaçlara uyumlu olabilmesi için organizasyonu incelenmektedir. Altıncı bölümde ise, büro binalarında değişebilirlik, esneklik ve dönüşebilirlik sorunları incelenmekte ve büro binalarının bu gibi özelliklere sahip olabilmeleri için ne gibi faktörlerin önemli olacağı belirtilmektedir. Yedinci bölümde, işletme yönetimi, büro faaliyetleri, sosyal yapı ve kişisel ihtiyaçlar gibi faktörlerin, büro mekanı tasarımına etkileri irdelenmekte ve yönetim binalarında optimum büro mekanı oluşturmada yararlı olabilecek bir model sunulmaktadır. Sekizinci bölümde ise tezin sonuçları yer almaktadır. Ekte ise, 1994 yılının, büro mekanları tefrişinde, kullanılan en gözde mobilyalar ve bölmeler sunulmaktadır.

Abstract:
The aim of this thesis is to investigate the "Lay-out ;n Office Buildings" and also to classify different alternatives of planning offices. In each of the possible planning systems, important methods and also principles are considered. The study has been presented in eight chapters and an appendix. In the first chapter, the meaning of the word "office" has been explained. It is comparatively recently that we have come to associate the word "office" with a physical location or building type. The Foreign Office and Holy Office represent tasks, duties, places of authority, greater than the men who perform thst office, and which may or may not require some sort of physical framework for their function. Indeed, the difficulties of defining the office as a building type are matched only by the ease with which we can identify the function of an office. The concept of an office can be seen as one of the most consistent threads in any culture, for systems of government and manufacture may change beyond the smallest group, the word office, and the idea it represents, emerge as stable components of language. It will not be concerned with the immediate handling of goods or people in physical terms; it will however, be concerned with their organisation and movement at a distance. In the second chapter different types and features of office planning were investigated so as to present the possible systems of office planning. Today, there are three distinct planning ideas which can be used either together or separately in office design, they are:. Traditional planning. Open-planning. Landscaped planning -vii-The main difference in these ideas can best be seen in the space planning which is achieved by the different use of the planning elements, such as the core, circulation etc. In the third chapter the principles of lay-out in office planning have been taken into consideration. It has been pointed out that office planning claims to solve the communication problems of big organisations and enhances the group work by making flexible use of deep spaces. In the fourth chapter the technical and economical differences between the possible office planning systems has been explained. The structure has a great role in the lay-out of office buildings. Specially in the traditional office planning, the distance between columns will affect the size of the rooms to be arranged. In group and large office spaces there is an accepted minimum distance of 5.1m between columns in order to create an appropriate working space in an office building. Lighting is an another technical factor which variable according to the planning idea to be selected. Each of the planning alternatives require different level of lighting. For example, due to the opportunity of natural lighting in traditional offices, there is a les^ artificial lighting level needed in comparison with the open and landscaped offices. Climatisation is often needed in deep space office buildings and is one of the most cost- effecting factors in a building. Existence of a climatisation system in an office building will result in an increase of 15-20% in building cost. The application of this system is usually necessary in open and landscaped offices. Since traditional offices are of a short depth, the climatisation system is not an essential solution. The problem of noise in office buildings is an another point which has to be solved in order to create spaces of great comfortability. In open and landscaped offices this problem can be clearly seen considerably much more than traditional offices. To avoid noise pollution in a deep space it is recommended to use special flooring and sealing materials and also to divide big working stations into smaller groups with special, short partitions and flower boxes. In the fifth chapter the problem of creating the most appropriate spaces has been discussed. To organise an office space, there are three important basic points which must be taken into consideration: -viii-Management and organisational aeeds Ease of communication Human needs There are soma methods of decreasing the visual and noise problems in an office building, such as: To locate people or groups of strong relationship, adjacent to each other. To define main circulation lines and to locate crowding elements such as elevators, WC, dressing rooms, archives etc. in a more accessible place. To define circulation lines between working groups, and to separate these groups with short panels, partitions and flower boxes. In the sixth chapter the problems of variability and flexibility in office buildings has been discuses. As it is clear, it is really difficult to determine the usability of an office building. Due to the high rate of change in functional and technical systems in buildings, it is necessary to create more variable and flexible buildings. Those possible changes are as follows: Horizontal expansion (To add new spaces in floors) Vertical extension (To add new floors) In the seventh chapter the effect of management on the design of spaces has been investigated. Each office has an aim and also a system. This system consists of the following factors: Human Personal or group activities Social structure Management Space Due to the dynamic character of relations in an office, the relations between the factors listed above will be variable according to the different types of management. For thia reason it is possible to consider the factors which affect ths design of the office spaces as follows: -ix-Management Official activities social structure Human needs In the eight chapter the results of the thesis have been presented. These could be summarised as follows: In Turkey there is a high rate industrialisatioa. Establishment of new organisations and the growth of the existing ones is a natural outcome of the planned economic development of the country. The higher rate of employment in big organisations is the couse of certain problems in organisation and coordination, and these increase in parallel with the size of the firm.. In comparison with traditional offices, landscaped offices are more flexible and convenient spaces in a fast growing firm. The supporters of the landscaping principles claim that landscaping should be applied for all the office workers, including high level managerial stuff. But this is likely to be met by the objections of the high level stuff. It seems that the landscaping principles can best be applied in the big firms where there is a high proportion of lower level office workers.. It is clear that the demands of high level managerial stuff is in contrast with the landscaping principles. For this reason it is recommended to use glass-made walls for an optional visual isolation. People who work in traditional offices complain more about the unbalanced temperature and the lack of fresh air in comparison with open or landscaped offices. In addition to the architectural problems, it is clear that the open or landscaped offices are more successful in solving technical problems. In short, by considering all the architectural and technical conditions and also determining the stuff needs and requirements I came to the conclusion that the open and landscaped offices are more desirable than the traditional ones and there will probably be a great increase in the number of landscaped offices in the near future.