Dirençli kent hedefli sakınım planlamasında Malatya örneği
The case of Malatya in resilient city targeted mitigation planning
Yazar: HAZAL ÖZÇALKAP
Danışman: DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ ERCAN KOÇ
Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı / Kentsel Dönüşüm ve Planlama Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2022
Konu: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning
Dizin: Deprem = Earthquake ; Kent makroformu = City macroform ; Kentsel dirençlilik = Urban resilience ; Malatya = Malatya

Özet:
Kentler tarihsel süreç içerisinde insanlar üzerinde daima büyük bir etkiye sahip yaşam alanlarıdır. Tarihsel süreçte yaşanan değişim ve gelişimler ile büyüyen ve gelişen kentler fiziksel, toplumsal, kültürel, ekonomik, politik ve idari faktörlerin etkisiyle birbirlerinden farklılaşan canlı organizmalar halini almış, yaşayanların şekillendirdiği kentler yaşayanları da şekillendirmiştir. Diğer yandan kentler yer aldığı coğrafyanın da ürünleridir ve doğa ile yadsınmaz 
etkileşim içindedir. Coğrafyanın doğruları ile çakışmayan yapılaşma için depremler önemli dersler vermektedir. Özünde de kent doğal afetler dikkate alınarak geliştirilmeli, afetlere dirençli gelişme modelleri benimsenmelidir. Çünkü canın ve malın güven altında olması önceliklidir. Yaklaşık %92'si deprem bölgesinde yer alan ülkemizde en önemli doğal afet riski depremdir. Bu çalışmada incelenen Malatya yerleşmesi aktif iki adet fay hattı üzerinde yer almakta ve sık periyotlarda yıkıcı deprem etkilerine maruz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışma tarihi Arslantepe ve Caferhöyük kazıları ile Paleolitik Çağa kadar inen, ilk kültür ve medeniyet merkezlerinden olan Mezopotamya ile Anadolu'yu birbirine bağlayan en önemli ulaşım aksları üzerinde bulunan ve 2021 itibariyle nüfusu 808.692 kişi olan Malatya ilinin depremselliği kentsel dirençlilik ve sakınım 
planlaması bağlamında incelenecektir. Bu amaçla öncelikle afet, sakınım planlaması ve kentsel dirençlilik kavramları tanımlanacak, daha sonra Malatya merkez yerleşiminde kentsel gelişim ile yatırım politikalarını ve planlama eylemleri ilişkisi kurgulanmaya çalışılacaktır. Yerleşmenin afetler açısından hangi riskleri barındırdığı ve 24/01/2020 tarihli depremin oluşturduğu hasarlar tanımlanacaktır. Çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde ise belirlenen hipotezler üzerinden doğal afet riskleri ile kentsel makroform ve özellikleri bağlamında da değerlendirmeler yapılacaktır.

Abstract:
Cities are living spaces that have always had a great impact on people in the historical process. Cities that have grown and developed with the changes and developments experienced in the historical process have become living organisms 
that differ from each other with the effect of physical, social, cultural, economic, political and administrative factors, and cities shaped by the inhabitants have also shaped the inhabitants. On the other hand, cities are the products of the geography they are located in and are in undeniable interaction with nature. Earthquakes give important lessons for the construction that does not conflict with the truths of geography. In fact, the city should be developed taking into account natural disasters, and disasterresilient development models should be adopted. Because the safety of life and property is a priority. Earthquake is the most important natural disaster risk in our country, 92% of which is located in the earthquake zone. The Malatya settlement, which is examined in this study and has a high level of 
natural disaster risks, is located on two active fault lines and is frequently faced with destructive earthquake effects. In this study, the seismicity of Malatya, which is located on the most important transportation axes connecting Anatolia with Mesopotamia, one of the first centers of culture and civilization, dating back to the Paleolithic Age with the Arslantepe and Caferhöyük excavations, and with a population of 808,692 as of 2021, will be examined in the context of urban resilience. For this purpose, first of all, the concepts of disaster, mitigation planning and urban resilience will be defined, then the relationship between urban development and investment policies and planning actions will be tried to be constructed in Malatya central settlement. What risks the settlement has in terms of disasters and the Sivrice earthquake data dated 24.01.2020, the damages caused by the earthquake will be defined and the causes will be discussed. In the conclusion part of the study, suggestions will be developed in the context of natural disaster risks and urban macroform and its features. Cities are living spaces that have always had a great impact on people in the 
historical process. Cities that have grown and developed with the changes and developments experienced in the historical process have become living organisms that differ from each other with the effect of physical, social, cultural, economic, political and administrative factors, and cities shaped by the inhabitants have also shaped the inhabitants.
On the other hand, cities are the products of the geography they are located in and are in undeniable interaction with nature. Earthquakes give important lessons for the construction that does not conflict with the truths of geography. In fact, the city should be developed taking into account natural disasters, and disasterresilient development models should be adopted. Because the safety of life and property is a priority. Earthquake is the most important natural disaster risk in our country, 92% of which is located in the earthquake zone. The Malatya settlement, which is examined in this study and has a high level of natural disaster risks, is located on two active fault lines and is frequently faced with destructive earthquake effects. In this study, the seismicity of Malatya, which is located on the most important transportation axes connecting Anatolia with Mesopotamia, one of the first centers of culture and civilization, dating back to the Paleolithic Age with the Arslantepe and Caferhöyük excavations, and with a population of 808,692 as of 2021, will be examined in the context of urban resilience. For this purpose, first of all, the concepts of disaster, mitigation planning and urban resilience will be defined, then the relationship between urban development and investment policies and planning actions will be tried to be constructed in Malatya central settlement. What risks the settlement has in terms of disasters and the Sivrice earthquake data dated 24.01.2020, the damages caused by the earthquake will be defined and the causes will be discussed. In the conclusion part of the study, suggestions will be developed in the context of natural disaster risks and urban macroform and its features.