Usak müzesi'nden bir grup koku kabı ve Lidya parfüm endüstrisi
A group of perfume vases from Usak museum and perfume industry of Lydia
Yazar: SEVGİ HAYRİYE TEMİZ
Danışman: DOÇ.DR. KUTALMIŞ GÖRKAY
Ankara Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Arkeoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2007
Konu: Arkeoloji = Archeology

Özet:
rogunlukla mezar buluntularl araslnda yer alan lydionlara yerle~im alanlarlnda darastlanmaktadlr. Kutsal alanlarda ise iki ornek dl~lnda henuz rastlanmaml~tlr. Bubuluntular Karia Labraunda ve Amyzon'da kaydedilmi~tir. Buluntu roklugundan dolaylmezar rituellerinde slkra kullanlldljjl arlk olan lydion ve paKKapi~'in antik yaZlll kaynaklarile yerle~im alanl buluntularl l~ljjlnda gunluk hayatta da kullanlldljjl anla~llmaktadlrAntik yaZlll kaynaklarda en erken M.O.6.yy. 'da Hipponaks'ln bir ~iirinde adl gerenbu Lidya kozmetijjini M.O.5. ve 4. yy. 'In antik yazarlarl da anmaktadlr. Antik kaynaklardaM.O.4.yy. 'dan M.O.1.yy. 'da Pilinius'a kadar adl anllmayan paKKapi~'in M.S.1.-3. yy. 'dakikullanlmlnln pudra formunda oldugu Pilinius ve Dioscurides taraflndan aktarllmaktadlr.Ajjlz klsml geni~ ve kapakslZ olan lydionlar, pudra formunda kullanlma elveri~li olmaklabirlikte krem olarak haZlrlanml~ irerijji ise koyu akl~kan bir yaplya sahip olmall idi.Anadolu (Pitane) ve italya'da (Taranto) nekropol buluntularl araslnda elde edilenen erken konteks lydionlar paKKapi~'in M.O. 7.yy. sonu - 6.yy. ba~l ile birliktekullanllmaya ve deniz a~lrl ticaretinin yapllmaya ba~ladljjlnl kanltlamaktadlr. Rumpflydionlarln en yaygln oldugu donem olarak M.O.6.yy. 'In 2.-3. reyrejji oldugunu soylemekteve konteks buluntular da bu goru~unu desteklemektedir. YUZYllln ortalarlna gelindijjindeise paKKapi~, farkll cografyalarda fakll form ve suslemelerde rok saylda lydion uretimineolanak saglayacak kadar tanlnmakta idi. YUZYllln sonu ile du~u~e geren paKKapi~ uretimive ticareti M.O.4.yy. 'a kadar azalarak devam etmi~tir. Konteks malzeme olan M.O.5. 'a aitlydion buluntusu rok azdlr, 4.yy. 'da ise henuz ele germemi~tir.Germi~e ait begeni ve zevklerin izlerini gunumuze ta~lyan bu parfum kaplarl birdonemin dini, sosyal ve kulturel yaplslnl anlamamlzda yardlmcl olan arkeolojik kanltlarlolu~turmaktadlr. Geleneksel kullanlmlarl ile birlikte farkll cografyalara ta~lnan bu parfumkaplarl yalnlzca bolgeler araSl kulturel etkile~imin dejjil ticari baglantllarln da izlerinitakip etmemize yardlmcl olmu~lardlr.

Abstract:
Mostly being among the finds of graves, lydia can also be seen in residential areas.However, only two samples have been found in sacred areas. These finds were recorded inKaria Labraunda and Amyzon. Lydia and paKKapi~, which were obviously used in funeralrituals due to the abundance offinds, are also understood to have been used in daily life inthe light ofancient written records and the finds ofresidential areas.This Lydian cosmetic, mentioned first in a poem by Hipponaks in the 6th century, isalso dealt with by ancient writers of the 5th century and 4th century B.C. The fact thatpaKKapi~, never mentioned from the 4th century B.C until 1st century B.C in ancientrecords, was used in powder between 1st and 3rd centuries A.D, has been reported byPilinius and Dioscurides. While convenient to use in powder, lydia with large mouth partsand no lids should have had dark liquidform that had been prepared as cream.The earliest contex lydia obtained among the ruins of nekropol in Anatolia (Pitane)and Italy (Taranto) prove that paKKapi~ began to be used and traded overseas in betweenlate 7th and early 6th centuries B.C. Datedfrom 580 B.C. Rumpfhas reported that the 2ndand 3rd quarters of the 6th century B.C. were the period during which lydia were the mostcommon and contex finds support this idea. In the middle of the century, paKKapi~ was sopopular as to provide an opportunity to produce a large number of lydia in differentgeographies and in different forms and decorations. The production and trade ofpaKKapi~,which began to fall with the end of the century, went on decreasing until the 4th c. B.C.Lydia finds that are of contex material and that belong to the 5th century B.C are very few,and none was obtained in the 4th century B.C.These perfume vases that have carried the traces ofpleasures and tastes belongingto the past over into today's world are the archaeological proofs helping us to appreciatethe religious, social and cultural structure of a particular period. Carried into differentgeographies with their traditional uses, the perfume vases help us follow the traces of notonly the cultural interaction patterns but also the commercial links between regions