Paketli gıda ürün etiketleri kullanılarak görüntü işleme ve optik karakter tanıma (OKT) tekniklerine dayalı uzman sistemin geliştirilmesi
Development of an expert system based on image processing and optical character recognition (OCR)techniques using packaged food product labels
Yazar: CANAN AKÇA ERTÜRK
Danışman: DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ TOLGA HAYIT ; DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ FATMA HAYIT
Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / Elektrik-Elektronik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı / Elektrik Elektronik Mühendisliği Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2024
Konu: Bilgisayar Mühendisliği Bilimleri-Bilgisayar ve Kontrol = Computer Engineering and Computer Science and Control ; Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği = Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Özet:
Apple (Malus domestica) is a significant pome fruit, and its genotypes are essential for
breeding programs. Molecular markers, particularly the SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats)
technique, are highly reliable for identifying genetic diversity and relationships among
plant genotypes within a population. This study utilized SSR markers to quickly and
reliably determine genetic diversity in apple genotypes. The analyses identified a total of
187 alleles across SSR loci, with allele numbers per locus ranging from 2 to 16 and an
average of 8. The BC226-SCAR locus had the highest number of alleles. The number of
effective alleles (Ne) varied between 1.17 (MD-EXP7SSR) and 9.11 (CH02C06), with an
average of 4.67. Observed heterozygosity (Ho) among genotypes ranged from 0.16 to 1.00,
with an average of 0.70, and the highest values (1.00) were found at the CH01H10,
EMPC116, and HI02D04 loci. Expected heterozygosity (He) was highest at the CH02C06
and BC226-SCAR loci, with an average of 0.72. Polymorphism Information Content (PIC)
values, indicating genetic diversity and marker discrimination power, ranged from 0.14
(MD-EXP7SSR) to 0.88 (CH02C06, BC226-SCAR). The UPGMA dendrogram and PCoA
graph indicated that apple varieties and genotypes clustered into two main groups, further
divided into four subclusters. Genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.14 to 0.88. The
results of the dendrogram and STRUCTURE analysis were very similar, showing
consistent genetic differentiation patterns across UPGMA, structure analysis, and PCoA.
This study effectively characterized the genetic diversity and relationships of apple
genotypes in the Yozgat region, highlighting the richness of apple genetic resources in the
area and the potential for breeding programs.
2024, 40 Pages
Keywords: Apple, Malus domestica, SSR

Abstract:
Food labels play a critical role in terms of health, safety, and legal compliance for
consumers, businesses, and governments. While providing essential information about
product content to consumers, labels also assist businesses in marketing their products and
complying with regulatory requirements. Reading labels guides consumers in making
informed food choices and lifestyle decisions, potentially improving health indicators.
However, label readability may vary depending on consumers' gender, age, marital status,
education level, and health condition. Factors such as font size, color tone, and complexity
of information presentation can hinder effective label reading, limiting consumer access to
information. With the use of expert systems, it is possible to analyze these labels more
effectively and make them more understandable with the help of technologies such as
optical character recognition. These developments can support consumers in making
healthy choices, contributing positively to public health. In this thesis, an expert system
capable of reading product label images, understanding label text, and providing
recommendations based on Image Processing Techniques and Optical Character
Recognition System techniques has been developed.
2024, Haziran + 80 Pages
Keywords: Label, Healty Food Choice, Nutrition, Optical Character Recognition, Images
Processing Techniques, Expert System