Fatih-Samatya hagios nıkolaos rum ortodoks kilisesi koruma önerisi
Conservation propasal for fatih-Samatya hagios nikolaos church
Yazar: NURDAN İNCE
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. TÜLAY ÇOBANCAOĞLU
Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Mimari Koruma ve Restorasyon Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2023
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture
Dizin: Bizans kiliseleri = Byzantine churchs

Özet:
İstanbul'un fethinden sonra ülkenin farklı yerlerinden getirilen Rum halk, başta tarihi yarımada olmak üzere şehrin belli bölgelerine yerleştirilmiştir. Bu yerleşim yerlerinden biri de Koca Mustafa Paşa Mahallesinin Samatya semti olmuştur.  Etnik çeşitliliğin fazla olduğu Samatya semti uzun yıllardır Rumların, Ermenilerin ve Türklerin iç içe yaşadığı bir bölge olmuştur. Rumlar şehrin etnik kimliğini oluşturan önemli bir millettir. Semtin yerleşim sakinleri yaşadıkları bu bölgeye çeşitli anıtlar inşa etmişlerdir. Bu anıtların başında dini yapılar gelmektedir. Koca Mustafa Paşa Mahallesine bağlı Samatya semtinde birbirine oldukça yakın beş adet Rum Ortodoks Kilisesi, üç adet Ermeni Kilisesi, bir adet Süryani Kilisesi vardır.
Tez kapsamında birinci bölümde tez konusunun seçilme amacı ve çalışma yöntemi hakkında bilgi verilmiştir. İkinci bölümde Samatya semtinin tarihi yarımada içerisindeki konumu, fiziksel yapısı ve tarihi gelişimi incelenmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde  Rum Ortodoks kiliselerinin tarihi, mimari plan kurgusunu oluşturan mekanları, litürjik ögeleri, yapım teknikleri ve  Samatya'da bulunan yedi adet Rum Ortodoks Kilisesinin tarihi ve mimari kurgusu incelenmiş; envanter çalışması yapılmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde ise üçüncü bölümde incelenen Rum Ortodoks Kiliselerinin tipik bir örneği olan Hagios Nikolaos Kilisesinin rölövesi hazırlanmıştır. Kilisenin  plan ve cephe özellikleri, kullanılan malzemeler ve yapım teknikleri, bezeme özellikleri ve yapıdaki bozulmalar incelenmiş; rölöve, hasar analizi ve malzeme analizi yapılmıştır. Beşinci bölümde Hagios Nikolaos Kilisesinin restitüsyon önerisini oluştururken başvurulan kaynaklar ve yöntemler anlatılmış; restitüsyon önerisi çizilmiştir. Altıncı bölümde ise yapının fiziksel durumuna ilişkin öneriler, kilisenin ve avlularının kullanımına dair öneriler geliştirilerek bir koruma önerisi oluşturulmuştur. Yedinci bölümde; yapılan envanter çalışmaları ve detaylı incelenen Hagios Nikolaos Kilisesi hakkında bir sonuç kısmı hazırlanmıştır.

Abstract:
People from different nations of the empire, especially Greeks and Armenians, were brought to the city, after the conquest of Istanbul. The non-Muslim population were settled in various parts of the city, primarily in the historical peninsula. One of these settlement areas is the Samatya district, which is part of the Kocamustafapaşa neighborhood.
The Samatya district, which has a high ethnic diversity, has been a region where Greeks, Armenians, and Turks have lived together for several years. The Greeks are an important ethnic group that contributes to the city's identity. People who are living in the district have built various monuments, with religious structures being at the forefront. There are five Greek Orthodox churches, three Armenian churches, and one Syriac church in the Samatya district, which is part of the Koca Mustafa Paşa neighborhood and located close to each other.
The church structures in the Samatya district are essential for the area's history. Especially, the five Greek Orthodox churches concentrated in a small area are the most significant cultural assets that need to be examined. Because of the migration of the Greeks in the 1960s, there has been a substantial decrease in the church community. That is why; there is no sufficient maintenance and repairs of the churches, causing them to rapidly deteriorate. The Greek churches in the Samatya district should be documented and conserved without losing their originality. When a literature review is conducted on this subject, it is seen that the region has not been examined sufficiently. 
The subjected thesis consists of a total of seven chapters. In the first chapter, the purpose, scope, and method of the thesis are stated. In the second chapter, the location, geographical and physical structure, and historical process of the Samatya district are examined. The third chapter investigates the historical process of Greek Orthodox churches in Istanbul, the elements that constitute the architectural plan of Greek Orthodox churches (such as plan type, construction techniques, building elements, additional structures, and adornment aspects), and creates a catalog of structures by conducting a historical and architectural examination of the seven Greek Orthodox churches in the Samatya district. Nowadays, five of these structures are owned by Greeks and used as churches, one of them belongs to Armenians and is used as a church, and one belongs to Turks and is used as a mosque.
Chapter four of the thesis provides a detailed examination of the architectural structure of the Hagios Nikolaos Greek Orthodox Church in Samatya. The church carries typical features of a Greek Orthodox Church. The plan, facade, and ornamentation features of the building were examined, as well as conducting material and deterioration analyses of the building to provide a detailed analysis of its structure.

The fifth chapter of the thesis explains the decisions made regarding the restoration of the building. Aside from a few poorly designed additions to the church complex, the structure has survived to the present day in a solid state. Therefore, the most important source for making restitution decisions was the building itself. Another important source was historical maps. From these maps, it was observed that the courtyard boundary, the church, and the residential buildings remain the same today as they were in the past. It was impossible to access old photos and documents of the building. Therefore, an analogy study was conducted by examining similar structures in terms of plan and facade design.
In the sixth chapter, a preservation proposal has been suggested for the Hagios Nikolaos Church. Since, the building is actively used and has a certain community, it should continue to be used for its original function. It is recommended to remove the poor quality cafe buildings located in the second courtyard. In order to generate additional income for the church, a smaller, lightweight structure which does not touch the walls of the church is proposed for the second courtyard.This additional structure should be related to the church's function and serve a dual purpose as both a commercial and cultural activity.