Türkiye milli parkları
Natural parks of Turkey
Yazar: GÜNGÖR EKİNCİ
Danışman: PROF. DR. AHMET C. YILDIZCI
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1991
Konu: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning
Dizin: Milli parklar = National parks ; Planlama = Planning ; Türkiye = Turkey

Özet:
Tabii kaynaklarımız ile, bunların yer aldığı tabii çevre arasında hassas bir denge mevcuttur, iklim, toprak, su ve yaşam dengesinin, genel bir ifade ile ekolojik dengenin bozulmasına neden olan yanlış ve aşırı kullanımlar bu dengeyi ortadan kaldırmaktadır. insan da dahil olmak üzere tüm canlıların yaşama ortamları giderek kötüleşmekte ve daralmaktadır. Bunun sonucu olarak ülke ekonomisi ve toplum sağlığı önemli ölçüde sarar görmekte, milli ve kültürel değerler gerilemektedir. Tüketilen bir tabii kaynağın, bir habitatın, bir ekosistemin, bozulan bir ekolojik dengenin yerine getirilmesi veya yeniden tesis edilmesi çok zor ve hatta imkansızdır. Bu durum tabiat ve tabiat kaynakları ile insan toplumu arasındaki problemlerin çözümü önemli bir konu olmaktadır. Özellikle tabii zenginlikleri fevkalade boyutlarda olan ülkemiz İçin bu husus daha fazla önem taşımaktadır. Tabiat kaynaklarımızın korunarak insanlık yararına uygun bir şekilde gelecek nesillerin istifadesine miras olarak sunulmalıdır. Bu ihtiyaçlar karşısında bilim ve eğitim bakımından önem taşıyan Milli Parklar konusu incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmanın neticesinde ortaya çıkan sonuçlar ile görünen problemler ve bu problemleri çözüm yolları önerilmiştir.

Abstract:
Before entering the subject of National Park, it will be useful to give a definition to National Park. We find National Parks which are at the top of the natural sources of our counrty, in 25th item of the Forest Law dated 31. 08. 1956 and numbered 8831. In this item it lias been made possible and decided on that Forest General Directorate in case of need will be able to reserve the fields participating forest regime with an eye to assign for adventages of science, to save nature, to preserve beauty of country, to meet sone kind of sporting and resting needs of people, to make touristic movements possible. National Parks are the fields which have definite sizes, and show geographical, geological, morphological aesthetic and biological ( fauna and flora) unity, have value national and international level, and also carrying out the impressions of different cultures formed in historical and archaelogical ages by human skills and intelligence. According to the general national park criterion, a field should have one or some of natural recreational, cultural (historical, archeological, ethnographical ) sources in the meaning given above. Among the statutes which can be used to strengthen the relations of nature-human, there are also nature monument, field of preserving nature and natural park. At our age when the countries have tended to the aim of getting benefit from natural sources in multiple uses and the effort for the aim of recreational, beside preserving natural enviroment, has reached important dimensions, national park concept has been handled and defined and its qualities which have to have have been determined. Herein for example Congree of Preserving Africa's Flora and Fauna 1(962) and American Union of Council of Preserving Nature and Wild Life met in Western Hemisphere. (1942) In the last lawissuedin dealwith nationalparks in our country, the same ideas for. the qualities of the national parks mentioned above have been appropriated.( National Parks Law 2-a ). In this law, our national parks have been handled and its necessary qualities have been defilied. It is a well known reality that in our developing and changing 'world, people with high standards of living and with high power of buying move and go around with an efft of resting and entertaining in Ms spare times and holidays. No matter how this movement is big, man making this movement wishes to waste his holiday out of daily life environment and mostly in urban area, and prefers particularly natural parts of urban area and forests. Recently, we have seen that people who live in the rural area immigrate to the city centers. That immigration causes irregular seperating of housing as well as working areas, beside that green areas become smaller and smaller opposite to that biggest stoned houses and their ugly apperiance develop so rapidly that worry all of us. On the other hand, urbanisation, industrial changing and technological development, becoming less green area bring about need of more and more time for people to make themself comfort, relax and pleasure. While people make their time pleasure, they cause harmfully destruction of Natural Parks as well as natural beaty, to be able to stop them government has to take some measurement, since 1956 government has built many Natural Parks and resting places. The known fact that, for ages the natural beauty and natural sources have been wildly desructed and these sources have had more important roles in humanbeing life. The fast increasing in the world population, technological development and fast urbanisation cause vary rapid desruction of natural sources and contrary to that, the need to these sources increase as fast as their desruciions. Between our natural sources and their environment" has naturally had natural balance. The balance between climate, soil, water sources and life balance, shortly ecological balance has been desructed by means of wrong effects. Because of that wrong use of natural sources causes unhealty environment for humanbeing and the other creatures and bad contions for the economical structure of the country. It is impossible to recover the desructed ecological balance, sometimes hardly possible. viiiIn that instant, we have seen that,. the problems between natural sources and environment of humanbeing become an important subject to be solved. Especially this matter- has become an important problem for our country which has very important and many natural sources If take a short view on the historical back ground of National Parks, we find out that, first attemp making a Natural Park was to protect nature and culturel value in Yozgat where it is located in the middle of the Anatolia. With that attemp, the idologi of the Natural Parks was developed and explained to the people After following, the number of them around Turkey increased slowly and in the period of from first to the today's their value becomes an important material to people who live too close to those parks. Officially, Turkish Governments, in that period, put some laws to stop their destructions by the people around. And increase their natural beauty for the next as well as today's generations. So far we have understood that the organizations between Ministries are important and in being collobrations. The head of these collobrations, Ministry of Forest, comes to scane as a first and most dealing one on the subject. But, soon, we have seen that it could not be having enough power to overcome all problems increased in that field. The Ministry finally said that ill did not have core in our field only we can do is opening a special window to instruct sose official rules. If we do an opinion survey we see that people who work throughout the week desire to have pleasure time and to rest. More and more people have an idea about the importance of the green areas and resting..What is the answer to up question "? As everybody knows the answer is uniqe, to creat more and more Natuaral Parks and protect them as if they were our own ground. But we can not be possimistis about creating and protecting them. No body dinies our success in National Park named Kuşcenneti. ixIn this park, we grow and protect -many generations of birds most European countries talk about our- success and imitate ours way to get this success. Our big problem is insufficient budget on this field. We have to find out some ways to increase our budget and profits for this, we make people believe in opening Natural Parks not only the sake of the today's generation, in many respects such as having healty environment and feeling always relax, comfort, but the sake of the next generation as well. Today, many countries on the world try to solve the problems between natural sources and humanbeing and related subjects. These countries try to develop their own natural sources using politics under the their own natural sources and dealing with their social economical structers. For the sake of Turkish generation and their own natural sources and using them for the sake of humanbeing without losing any good properties as a natural fortune to the next generation. We have to get classify them, know them well and explain their importance to the large mass. That this only can be done using scientific research results. The results in this study will be the idea about the conditions of the Natural Parks in Turkey. As far as I am concerned, this study will be appreciable important to the literature since there has not been any studies about the subject so far. To addition that, in I.T.U., it will be lightened to the future studies as being a first one. The Turkish Government has taken measurements using power of Law to stop destructions of the areas which have very important for scienctific study and the future generation, these are mostly faced up being wiped out. To make people less harmful to the National Parks or to that kind of places firstly, necessary documentation and the knowledge abaut their importance and their action on them as well as in the next generation must be clearly explained to the vizitors who come visit that places.The reason for creating National Parks and making them special places is for saving them and to carry all their valuable things to the next generation. This kind of seperated places constructed on the suggestion of Minister of Forestry, if area is dealing with directly to the Minister of Forestry, otherwise under the permission of releated Ministries, then Concil of Ministers decide on the places whether accepted as a National Park or not. Under the light all the fact given above, the gover merit making a deep researhce to select more convenient places in which it is possible to built a National Park, and today's limited number is 21, hope, the number will increase soon.