1938-1946 yılları arası Cumhuriyet Gazetesi'nin genel yayın politikası
The editorial policy of the Cumhuriyet Newspaper between the years 1938-1946
Yazar: FIRAT KOZOK
Danışman: YRD. DOÇ. DR. CEM YAŞIN
Gazi Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Gazetecilik Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2007
Konu: Gazetecilik = Journalism

Özet:
Söz konusu tez, Cumhuriyet'in İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasındaki genel yayınpolitikasını ele almaktadır.1938-1946 Yılları Arası Cumhuriyet Gazetesi'nin Genel Yayın Politikası konulutez, Cumhuriyet'in İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasındaki genel yayın politikasını elealmaktadır.Tezde, gazetenin savaş öncesindeki yayın politikası, daha sonraki yıllardasavaşa katılacak ülkelerle Türkiye ilişkilerini yansıtış biçimi ele alınmış, savaşınbaşlangıcı ve ilerleyen dönemlerindeki yayın politikasındaki değişiklikler yansıtılmayaçalışılmıştır.Tüm bunlar yapılırken, dönemin koşulları da ayrıntılarıyla incelenmiş,gazetenin yayın politikasında etkili olan, sosyal ve ekonomik koşullar da mercekaltına alınmıştır.Çalışma hazırlanırken, tarihsel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmış, sözlü tariharaştırma tekniğine başvurulmuştur. Dönemin önemli olayları hakkında bilgiedinebilmek için birçok kaynak incelenmiş, makale okunmuştur. Belge taramayöntemi çalışmanın önemli yöntemlerinden biridir. İçerik analiziyle gazetenin eskisayıları üzerinde derin incelemeler yapılmış, söylem analiziyle de gazetenin konularabakışı yorumlanmaya çalışılmıştır.Tezde, Cumhuriyet'in ikinci dünya savaşı yıllarında dönem dönem HitlerAlmanya'sını destekleyen bir yayın politikası izlediği ancak bunun, devlet politikası ileparalel bir çizgide olduğu saptanmıştır. Gazete, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti hükümetinin,Almanya ve savaşa katılan diğer ülkelerle uluslar arası ilişkilerine göre yayınpolitikasını belirlemiştir

Abstract:
Turkey never attend to World War II actually but country always beeninside of the war because of its geographical and political status.The Goverment was composed by who were seen violence of theWorld war I. This years were mentioned as Term of İsmet İnönü. In the termof World War II İnönü followed balance politics with all sides of war.Detachment was the only policy of this years. Citizens were restless becauseof the absence and black market?Furthermore, one important action was going on. Press wasundercontrol of Parliament members. Because, most of press owners wereParliament Member.PMs, Falih Rıfkı Atay (Ulus), Asım Us (Vakit), Hüseyin Cahit Yalçın(Yeni Sabah), Yunus Nadi (Cumhuriyet), Ethem İzzet Benice (Son Telgraf),were, owner and editor of important newspapers of country.In this term freedom of press was interesting too. According to CHP?sregulation (Republican People?s Party), ?PM-Journalists? can?t write anythingwhich is opposite to the party idea. This regulation was accept by samePM/journalists?In same term Turkey was administration of İsmet İnönü who?s calledas ?National Chief??The decisions of ?National Chief? could not to be discuss. And nobodywere publish anything about private life of İnönü Family, because it was apenalty.. However, important newspapers and its chief editors werecomplimenting about National Chief?s all decisions. Cumhuriyet was alsoinside of this mass?Yunus Nadi, who?s the close friend and brother-in-arms of Ataturk,carried his newspaper (Yeni Gün) to İstanbul. And Atatürk changed name ofthe newspaper as Cumhuriyet (1924).After Ataturk?s dead, Yunus Nadi couldn?t get the same support fromİsmet İnönü. But he never forgots that he was a PM.. And wrotes his cloumnlike a CHP enactment.In İnönü term, press?s first business was not ?catching a story?.Goverment couldn?t be crisist by press.In the years of the World War II, Law of Press edited by govermedagain.. The new law which was supported by press, made simple to closingnewspapers by goverment.The owner and editor of Cumhuriyet Yunus Nadi was stand against ofthis law. He wrotes at his cloumn (1940/03/02) that, ?Press is free andseperated.? But also his opinion about logic of journalism is interesting. Heanswered this question as, ?Goverment gives the consept and press wrotesabout it?According this issue, we can say that World War II term was, worstdays of Turkish Press.At this days goverment?s intermeddle was very normal for the press.Goverment could close which newspaper it wants. Because of this, all ofnewspapers were doing auto-cencor to them selves.To the first days of the war, Cumhuriyet wrotes that, ?there was nodanger?. Yunus Nadi and his son Nadir Nadi wrotes about good faith of NaziGermany.If we look at the foreign policy opinions at Cumhuriyet which wrote byYunus Nadi, we couldn?t read any thing against to the National Chief. YunusNadi always wrotes as the knowledge of ?he?s a PM?. He compilimented toİnönü Just about his all coloumns. This was copleted writing like this whenthey were opponent.But Nadir Nadi was different. Hi wrotes different then Yunus Nadi. Hewas educated in Germany. He visited all of Europe and he know a lot ofthing about Germany, which country was starter of the World War II..Before the war he thinks positively about Hitler. His opinion aboutHitler was mucher than a dictator. Hitler was a National Hero of Germany forhim. He wrotes at Cumhuriyet that ?Hitler was not the starter of World War.He was have to do this.? But the other media criticized him about his options.He went to Germany at the War years and started to be a fan of thiscountry. When, he wrote that ?National-Socialism was the only way to befine?, press wars were start. After this Cumhuriyet closed much time bygoverment for few days. At this term Turkish media starts to support alliedforces, But Cumhuriyet keeps its opinion about Germany.. after thisGoverment closed Cumhuriyet for 90 days and sent Nadir Nadi to Germanyas a ?observer?At this time he makes politics to balance relations with governmentand Germany. In this term Nadir Nadi?s positive approach to Germany is notobstructed but supported by the government. However Cumhuriyet showsclose approach to Germany, it did not turn back on western countries andSoviet Union. With the ideas ?Friendship-Solidarity?, he tried to balancepolitics with these countries, especially tried to make balance, with thearticles of Abidin Daver which backs up England. Beside the articles of NadirNadi, the German partialed writings of General H. Emir Erkilet who writesabout defence, are important in this term. Later on it was understood thatEmir Erkilet wanted Turkey to join the war near Germany, and made secretcorrespondences and interviews with German authorities for that.Whether it is Nadir Nadi?s writings that he started before war and afterwar when Germany started to retreat, or General Hüseyin Hüsnü EmirErkilet?s panturkist and German partialed writings, Cumhuriyet made aposition in WW II which backs up Germany.During WW II years, Cumhuriyet runs into important names. BurhanFelek and Peyami Safa on ?Hadiseler Arasında? column, Muharrem FeyziTogar and Ömer Rıza Doğrul on ?Siyasi İcmal?, wrote alternately. EkremRıza, Fazıl Ahmet Aykaç and Şükrü Kaya made public on Turkish foreignpolitics from time to time.When Doğan Nadi (The other son of Yunus Nadi) made name withEurope features from time to time, Ord. Ph. Dr. Hıfzı Veldet Velidedeoğlustarts to write in Cumhuriyet, too. Hıfzı Veldet Velidedeoğlu who was a jurist,wrote on Italian Law and Fasism under ?Hukuki Düşünceler? title. In the?Hem Nalına Hem Mıhına? column which was published without signature,Abidin Daver and sometimes Hamdi Varoğlu made comments about dailyevents.