Mekan üretiminin ağsal örgütlenmeler üzerinden okunması
A reading of production of space using network theory
Yazar: DERYA UZAL
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. FATMA ERKÖK
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Mimari Tasarım Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2017
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture

Özet:
Bu tez mekân üretiminin, kişiler ve mekân parçaları arasındaki organizasyonlardan etkilenme biçimlerini araştırmayı amaçlar. 1980'li yıllarda Latour tarafından ortaya konulan aktör-ağ teorisinin, mekanın üretimini dolayısıyla mimarlığı etkileme biçimlerini ve buna sebep olan aygıtları inceleyerek, mekân organizasyonunun şekil değiştirme hareketleri araştırılacaktır.
Çalışmada Lefebvre'in mekân üretimi tanımından günümüze dek, bir yapıyı altyapıları ve kullanıcıları ile bir arada tutan sebeplerin değişimini gözlenebilir kılmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu değişimin mekânın üretimindeki kırılma noktalarına üç ayrı başlık üzerinden bakılır. Lefebvre'in bahsettiği üretim tanımının değişimi; doğrudan üretim, doğrudan üretim ve içerik üretimi, ve içerik üretimi başlıkları altında örneklerle araştırılacaktır. Üretim biçiminin değişimine endeksli birlikteliklerin (mekânsal elemanlar ve aktörler arasındaki organizasyonun) mekânın fiziksel durum ve anlamını nasıl etkilediğine bakılacaktır.
Doğrudan üretim sistemleri başlığı, sanayi devriminden günümüze, geleneksel yapım tekniklerinin etkili bir biçimde günümüze gelirken geçirdiği mekânsal dönüşümleri inceler. Doğrudan üretim ve içerik üretimi arasında üretime katkı sağlayan mekanlar kısmında, ürünün, alınır satılır özelliğinden doğan değer sistemleri tartışılarak bu tür üretimin mekânın gerektirdiği altyapılarla nasıl şekillendiği, borsa yapıları üzerinden incelenecektir. İçerik üretimi başlığı ise, bu değerler mekanizmasının elektronik mekanizmalardan etkilenmesi sonucunda ortaya çıkan alternatif mekân oluşumlarının inceleneceği bir başlıktır.
Haritalama kısmında, teknolojik gelişmeleri takiben, altyapılardan etkilenen, dolayısıyla üreten ve üretilen mekânın, plan organizasyon diyagramları kullanılarak bir paradigma değişimine uğrayıp uğramadığı sorgulanmakta, uğruyorsa hangi sebeplerle bunun gerçekleştiği farklı örnekler üzerinden kıyaslanmaktadır. 
Bu kıyaslama sonucunda, üretimin etkilediği organize olma şeklinin,  ancak aktör ve ağların birbirine bağlanma biçiminde bir değişim olması durumunda mekânın katı ve kapalı anlamını kırarak, alternatif bir mekân yaratmasını mümkün kıldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Bu değişime, örnek durumların organizasyon diyagramları çaprazlanması ile bakılır.

Abstract:
This thesis aims to investigate the main stream and the alternative social organizations' effects on space making. It explores the modes how actor-network theory set out by Latour in 1980s affects space making and thus architecture, as well as the apparatus that aid the reflexivity, and the transformation. The mode of transmission of information, which forms the space as an economic and social reality, will also have an impact on the final product. It will find new paths, and manifest itself spatially via a new body.
Post-structuralist view proposed by the actor-network theory will be deciphered through the analysis of spaces thought to be formed by social organizations. Space is transformed as a natural byproduct of the transition from the industrial age to the information age. Visible transformation's returns are spatial just as they are sociological. The constructivist view in Latour's theory is transformed in today's network society. All constituents of the actor-network theory become to be defined as actor. It reconstructs spatial definition, use and production through deconstructing thought at the divergence of subject and object. Space will disintegrate to its pieces after the Industrial Revolution, and these pieces will have different paradigms in contemporary times. Social organizations and the dependence forms causing the economic existence indirectly will transform the built environment. This transformation will be examined through the spatial alterations of stock exchange buildings of the dominant market in this thesis. Stock exchange buildings are directly related with capital as they are financial operation centers of international finance. Alternative spatial behaviors trying – in a way- to free from mainstream dominance will be examined under the title of alternative economies. Although they may not be alternative markets, their potential reflectance under today's conditions will be discussed. Possibility of transmission of information with available tools, and the formation types of platforms from 1900 onward, which do not have an archaic spatial data, will be further discussed. The shifts caused by the electrical and electronical revolution on daily life organization are examined. The power of speculations on the formation of new space and this hypothetical state's expansion on the transmission of information helps create the space. 
At the end of this thesis, what is marked as the mainstream will be matched with the space defined under the chapter titled alternative; and through a comparative map seeking to answer if the built environment can be embodied with social networks. A comparative analysis of the examples mentioned will be conducted with the aid of the comparative map, and will help deduct what kind of a spatial requirement is imminent for the immediate future.
Lefebvre examines the workforce in the formation of urban space, the redefinition of work, and the urban space through the influence of the production space itself and the personal space (Lefebvre, 2014). Since the Industrial Revolution, production sites have changed the location of the urban wall, the organization of production and the location of the city. In this fiction, which is the daily life of the place, the general paranthesis has become inevitable due to the living and lifeless actors who add to the system. The thesis seeks to examine the space within such a complex relationship as a result of the framework of actors and nets without segmenting the system. As a determining element in the formation of the space, the network and the actors will be analyzed through the innovations that the modes of attachment to each other bring to the physical pattern of space.
The scope of the research is limited to the production spaces that are thought to directly reflect the use of space by actor and actants in communication and organization. With the industrial revolution, the everyday life actors we see as both producers and users of the space have a variable organization connected with production. To look at this, we will look at variable organizations that provide renaming of the mode of production from industrial transfer facilities to post-production production systems to post-modern production systems to contemporary information-centric content production, and the spatialities they create over selected examples. The indirect contribution of Henry Ford's manufacturing facility to The Pirate Bay's knowledge production will cause the spatial responses of the two different mechanisms to be mutually exclusive.
In the direction of deciphering these spatialities, it is necessary to understand the production methods that make up this universal cluster and its subheadings called spatial (also product) production, and the actors and their relations that make up this organization. The theoretical framework of this work will be based on Latour's approach to actor and network theory (Latour, 2005). The poststructural situation proposed by the network theory will be tried to be deciphered by the analysis of the places where the social organizations are located. A multi-state-specific approach has been developed by the network and actors to conduct a historical screening with different event-specific conditions for each event. In the thesis, production, to explain the transformation of products and the situation that this transformation is reflected day by day. Direct production, direct production and content production and content production. In these chapters, various factors ranging from the infrastructure characteristics of the period to the results of the communication and technology provided, and the extent of the space emerging under these conditions will be explained.
The last part of the work tries to explain how these actors and networks, the living and non-living units, organize for the current production by making multiple comparisons through a mapping. Lefebvre and Latour's theory of space and the effects of network theories on space creation are questioned as to whether or not they have the power to create an alternative organizational state to be re-encoded taking new forms of communication. Mapping is expected to help visually assist the actor-network organizations in investigating whether they contribute to the formation of an alternative space.