Dondurma yapma fonksiyonunun buzdolabı içerisine adaptasyonu
Combination of the ice cream maker and refregirator
Yazar: CAN İNAN
Danışman: YRD. DOÇ. ZEYNEP PARLAR
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Makine Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı / Konstrüksiyon ve İmalat Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2012
Konu: Gıda Mühendisliği = Food Engineering ; Makine Mühendisliği = Mechanical Engineering
Dizin: Buzdolabı = Refrigerator ; Derin dondurma = Deep frozen ; Dondurma = Ice cream ; Dondurma endüstrisi = Ice cream industry ; Makine konstrüksiyonu = Machine construction ; Yoğurt dondurması = Frozen yoghurt

Özet:
Gelişen teknoloji, modernleşme ve bununla birlikte insan ihtiyaçlarının değişmesi, yeni ürünlerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuş, piyasadaki rekabeti arttırmıştır. İnsanoğlunun çeşitli etkenlerden dolayı gün içerisinde kendine yeterli zamanı ayıramamaya başlamış, bu durum üreticilerin pazar paylarını artırabilmeleri için yeni ürünler ortaya çıkarmalarına zemin hazırlamıştır. Üreticiler, piyasaya sundukları ürünlerde, günlük hayatta karşılaşılabilecek zorluklara pratik çözümler üretmeye başlamışlardır.Buzdolabı, günümüzde sadece yiyecekleri taze tutma fonksiyonunu yerine getiren bir ürün olmaktan çıkmıştır. Buz kırma, su sebili, şoklama v.b. fonksiyonlar tüm buzdolaplarda bulunabilen özelliklerdir. Günümüzde kullanıcılar, buzdolaplarından farklı fonksiyonları yerine getiren donanımlar beklemeye başlamışlardır. Dondurma yapan bir cihazın buzdolabına entegrasyonu projesi bu amaçla ortaya çıkmıştır.Dondurma, özellikle yaz aylarında serinlemek amacıyla tüketilen bir yiyecektir. Bu yiyeceğin hazırlanması için eskiden kol gücüne ihtiyaç duyulurken, günümüzde bir motor tarafından tahrik edilen sistemler kullanılmaktadır. Dondurma hazırlama işleminde karıştırma yapılırken, miksin soğutulması gerektiği aşikardır. Bundan yola çıkılarak, dondurmanın buzdolabı içerisinde yapılabileceği düşünülmüştür.Buzdolabı içerisinde dondurma yapma fonksiyonu, buzdolabının freezer kısmında bulunan soğuk havadan yararlanarak, dondurma yapımına imkan tanıyan bir uygulamadır. Dondurma pazarının dünyada ve ülkemizde giderek büyüdüğünü düşünürsek, ortaya çıkacak ürünlerin büyük ilgi uyandıracağı öngörülmektedir.Piyasada; büyük hacimlerde dondurma yapımını mümkün kılan endüstriyel dondurma yapma makineleri olduğu gibi, ev ortamında herkesin dondurma yapmasına olanak sağlayan dondurma yapma makineleri de bulunmaktadır.Temel işlevi itibariyle, endüstriyel ve ev tipi solo dondurma yapma makineleri arasında fark bulunmamaktadır. Endüstriyel olanların farkı, daha büyük soğutma sistemi ve daha güçlü ve yüksek mukavemetli tahrik grubuna sahip olmalıdır.Çalışmada, buzdolabı içerisinde dondurma yapımının olabilitesi araştırılarak, farklı tasarımlar ve konstrüksiyon alternatifleri geliştirilmiştir. Piyasadaki ev tipi solo dondurma yapma makineleri incelenerek, sistemde kullanılacak tahrik ve aktarma grubu belirlenmiştir. Farklı tasarımlar oluşturularak, en iyi alternatifin belirlenebilmesi için çeşitli kriterlere göre puanlandırılmıştır. Daha sonra en iyi alternatif tasarım detaylandırılmış, sistem fonksiyonunu yerine getiren çalışır bir prototip üretilmiştir. Son olarak, prototip testleri yapılarak, ürün geliştirme için tavsiyelerde bulunulmuştur.

Abstract:
Development of the technological issues, modernization, changing of the mankind?s demands induced arising of new products. In addition to this, it affects the challenge of the household market. Because of the fast improving technology, humans couldn?t spent enough time to their personel requirements. This situation arises new products and apparatus for ordinary devices for people demands made by many companies. This companies produces many practical solutions for tough conditions which makes peoples lives harder.At present, the refregirator device not only store food and drinks fresh, but also it has ice maker for makes small ice cubes from bulk ice, water found for supplying water which is desirable temparature and freezing function for food products spoiled quickly. After, demandings are getting bigger time to time, the users require new products or qualifications to accept new functions in household devices. The combination of the ice cream maker and refregirator avokes due tothe impact of this conditions.Ice cream, mainly contains milk, cream, water, low fat dry milk powder, oil for regulating the mix, materials for colouring the mix. Blending and adding different ratio and types of the contents, using physical and chemical solutions form ice cream products. Also, this products include protein, carbonhydrate, calcium, phosphor, magnesium, ferrous and zinc and they have called a nutritive value product.For some references, ice cream forms the ice cream mix pasteurized and cooled by cold fresh air and solidfied in long hours. In this part, said ice cream mix; the combination of milk proteins, sugar, corn sorbet, water, egg and egg products, stabilizator which ise useful for humans health and emulgator.When we look up the consumption of the ice cream, the demanding products depend on the change of the local settlements and the products of this local areas. In this meaning, there are vary of ice cream product for different kinds of taste. The most known, pure ice cream, has low fat and milk with vanilla which is absolutely necesary for the mix. Outline of these contents, the mix doesn?t content any additive or aroma. In chocolate ice cream includes, except for ingredients of pure ice cream, %3 ratio of cacao and %1 more sugar. According to local demands, fruit ice cream includes milk which has between %15 and %18 ratio of fat, between %10 and %15 ratio of fruit particles, fruit sorbet or aroma.With the combination of the ice cream maker and refregirator study aims to make ice cream products for benefit freezer compartment in refregirator device. In household market, the challenge is getting more strict and the companies produces new products, so they upgrade their product variety.In this fact, the food which desires and consumes in every states, like ice cream, prepared in house for users, is the key target for the household companies. Said companies invest a small part of fortune to research and development projects and making these devices which is located household products. In addition to investment, they barely endeavor to pass the projects into real life. The another aim of the investment; increasing the apparatus of the devices and making variety of functional systems in there.When we have looked last 5 years, both the world and Turkiye, the ice cream has fast growing sales values, the market rivalry has gotten strict and the more manufacturing companies are avoked in these time. Eventually, a device which is making this successful product in refregirator compartment, not only improve the functionality of the refregirator, but also it brings this products to foreground in household sector.The other objective of the project is to contribute to producing healthy ice cream products; to prove the capability of making ice cream products liked by people all around the world at their homes. In the market; most of fast consuming ice cream products includes many artificial materials which is called consistency accelerator or regulator. These materials affect human?s health and they accumulate the body and cause cancer.The combination of the ice cream maker and refregirator project is maintained by Arcelik Structural Design Management Department. In this project, product benchmark studies, the detection of reference ice cream products, the design of the alternative concepts, evaluation of the concepts and selection of the best, the study of prototyping, tructural analysis, structural reconstraints according to the analysis, testing of ice cream recipes, sensorial tests are sustained by the same department.The selection of the refregirator which contains ice cream maker devices and the critical terms of cooling, thermodynamic and physical parameters of the refregirator is completed by the assistance of the Arcelik Eskisehir Refregirator Plant. After the prototype was occured, the ice cream samples were tested in Arcelik Nourishment Laboratories.In addition, thanks to Arcelik Research and Development Thermodynamic Department, helps us to understanding refregirator cooling system and characteristic of working style.In the market, there are two types of devices used to making ice cream products. They are;?Industrial ice cream makers and coolers?Home made ice cream makersIndustrial ice cream makers used in demanding high production of the ice cream, also it produces a great deal of products. Moreover, their cooling systems are more complicated than home made devices. Home made ice cream makers are smaller than industrial devices. It makes about one liter ice cream at one time. These devices are seperated two groups.The home made ice cream makers in first group, has only a motor and receptacle which has to took in refregirator freezer compartment about 13 hours before making ice cream.The devices in second group has own cooling systems. It also has compressor, condenser, evaparator and the pipes carried cooling liquid. In these devices, you could make ice cream in 90 minutes. In spite of the fact that it is very quick, the ice cream product made by the device has many ice particles and the mixture gets softer at the center. Consequently, it is not homogeneous and this is the main problem which has to solve in new products.Eventually, In this study, we researched the probability of the making ice cream in the refregirator freezing compartment and we tried to find new solutions about cooling the system, rotating the mixer etc. Then we designed different, alternative concepts. In benchmark stage, we investigated the most popular and successful home made ice cream devices in the market and optimized the system, determined the correct power system and transmission group. We are choosing the correct design showed up by evaluation of different criterias. After this, we design the correct alternative system with every components and we made a prototype accomplished the main function of the ice cream maker system. Finally, we tested the protype and advised the qualifications which makes the device the most useful.