İmar planı değişikliklerinin yapılaşma eğilimlerine etkisi üzerine bir inceleme: Kağıthane örneği
An investigation into the effects of the zoning plan changes in trends in the built enviroment: Kagithane as a case study
Yazar: UĞUR YAVUZ
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. BEGÜM SERTYEŞİLIŞIK
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Gayrimenkul Geliştirme Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2017
Konu: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning

Özet:
Değişen şartlar sonucunda ortaya çıkan imar hareketleri ve buna bağlı gelişen planlama faaliyetleri ve plan değişiklikleri arasında doğrusal ve dolaylı ilişkilerin olduğu görülmektedir. Bu ilişkilerin detaylarıyla irdelenmesi ve etkileşim ağının ortaya çıkarılması gerektiği anlaşılmaktadır.  Kentlerin yapılaşma karakteri, o kentin sahip olduğu sosyo kültürel, ekonomik, siyasi ve tarihsel birikim ve gelenekleriyle şekillenmektedir. Ancak değişen ve gelişen şartlar, idareleri, planlama enstrümanlarını kullanarak imar hareketlerine müdahaleye mecbur bırakmaktadır.
Söz konusu tez çalışması ile; plan değişiklikleri, bu değişiklikleri ortaya çıkaran etkenler, değişikliklerin yapılaşma eğilimlerine etkisi ve idarelerin plansal müdahale araçlarıyla mekana nasıl müdahale ettiği araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, ilgili literatür incelenmiş, örnek olay incelemesi için Kağıthane incelenmiştir.
Örnek olay incelemesi kapsamında plan değişiklik türleri ve yapılaşma karakterleri analiz edilmiş ve yetkililerle mülakatlar yapılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen çok yönlü analizin sonucunda plan değişikliklerinin yapılaşma eğilimlerine doğrusal etkileri olduğu ve karşılıklı etkileşim halinde oldukları, ayrıca idarenin plan değişikliklerini yapılaşma politikalarını şekillendirmekte bir müdahale aracı olarak kullanabildiği tespit edilmiştir. 
Bu çalışma ile plan değişiklikleri gerçekleştirirken nelerin gözönünde bulundurulması gerektiği, değişikliklerin nasıl gözlemlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi gerektiği, bu değişiklikleri idarelerin nasıl bir müdahale aracı olarak kullanarak mekanın yaşam alanlarını donatı imkanları bakımından yeterli hale getirebileceği ortaya konulmuştur.  

Anahtar Kelimeler : Plan değişikliği, İmar Hareketleri,Yapılaşma, Eğilim, Donatı.

Abstract:
The dynamic effects of urbanization create some uncontrolled results  in living quarters. These results show the necessity of evaluating of living conditions again and making plans proper for this situation.  
While making plans in living quarters; factors like projected population density, distribution of social facilities, changes in the perception about city's silhouette, effect the planning character in time. As a result of this, prepared plans need updating.
Providing living quarters and sustainable living process in these places can be possible by planning and zoning of citys in pursuant of these aims. The character of built enviroment and changing trends day-to-day, have an effect on density and socio-spatial character of built enviroment.  
Trends in built enviroment can be taken under control and shaped by planning approach. This study investigates effects of changing planning approach on character of buildings in built enviroment and historical background. 
The zoning movements resulting from the planning activities and the changes in the plans can influence each other. This relationship needs to be investigated in detail to find out their interaction network. The built enviroment of citys, is influenced by their socio-cultural, economic, political and historical background and traditions. On the other hand municipal administrations can intervene the zoning movements through the planning instruments.
This study investigates plan changes, factors force plans to change, impacts of changes intrends in the built enviroment and as well as ways administrations intervene in the built enviroment by planning tools. With this aim, following the literature review, Kağıthane has been investigated as a case study. 
Within the scope of the case study, the types of plan changes and  the built enviroment have been analyzed and the study has been supported by interviews. The study revealed that there are impacts of plan changes in trends in the built enviroment and that they are in interaction mutually, furthermore administration can change the plans to interfere and shape the built enviroment.
Whenthe study is looked into step-by-step, it seems that there are many complex datas and interaction of these with each others. Because of that all process should be evaluate with all phases and all details alsoanalysis phase should be summarized especially.
Within the investigation of legislation with domestic and foreign sources about the subject, 4 different plan change types are determined to use in the case study.These plan change types are; changes about social and technical infrastructure, changes affecting density, changes about regulation of roads' routes and changes about usage of an area.
All of the plan changes, done by the administration in last ten years, are revealed by scanning of archive records and classifying by plan changes types determined before. As a result of classifying, it seems that changes about social and technical infrastructure and changes about regulation of roads' routes are more than others.Also each of these plan changes types concentrate in some periods because of some reasons. In the first periods, increasing transportation necessity because of intenseconstruction activities, increase the plan changes about this subject. After that intense building stock which is not enough in point of social facility, increase municipality's technical infrastructure investment projects and plan changes about social and technical infrastructure.
The speed and the character of zoning movements in the last ten years of Kağıthane are determined by using the datas of Turkish Statistical Institute, after that, all obtained datas are adapted to analysis study.According to datas are investigated, rapidly increasing of building licenses stopped and go down after 2013 and beyond. This situation happened after changing of construction modeland transition from parcel based to new one by plan changes.
The obtained datas about the new construction model begun after plan changes, are arranged and adapted to statistical analysis. Also some informations about the building stock of the area and the character of this stock, are given through the datas collected by Information Processing Directorate of the Municipality.
The Municipality's investments to make the area enough in terms of social facilities, are evaluated in point of their costs and social facilties, and revealed the relations with planning and plan changes. It seems that there are 10 different investment projects have high budget but low car park facility. After all many car park facility provided without any cost by changing construction model.It proves that there aremore benefits in points of social facility provided in new construction model than the old one. 
According to the changing trends in built enviroment, some plan changes especially changes about social and technical infrastructure and changes about regulation of roads' routes can increase in the some periods and this situation can make negative impacts on enviroment. The local administrations which have planning and application authority, should found control mechanismsin itself and should follow all plan changes periodically.
In the last phase, lots of interviews are made to examine the subject in-depth and support with different opinion. Interviewees are from different sector and different profession, related with the subject directly or indirectly. The results of interviews include mostly subjective approaches and aesthetic concerns.Also the results show that there are some problems about transportation networks, social facilities and technical infrastructure in the county.
Consequently, this study revealed the factors to be considered while changing plans, how to observe and evaluate these changes, how administrations to use these changes as a interfere tool to make living quarters enough in terms of social facilities.

Keywords  : Zoning Plan Change, Zoning Movements, Built Enviroment, Trends, Social Facilities