Türkiye'de doğal yayılış gösteren akçaağaç (Acer L. spp. ) türlerinin bazı botanik özellikleri
Research on the some morphological and anatomical characteristics of the natural maple (Acer L.) taxa in lake district
Yazar: SITKI ÖZTÜRK
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. HÜSEYİN FAKİR
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Orman Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2016
Konu: Ormancılık ve Orman Mühendisliği = Forestry and Forest Engineering

Özet:
Ülkelerin tarihi ve kültürel zenginlikleri yanında biyolojik zenginlikleri de önemlidir. Anadolu'nun üç büyük flora bölgesinin kesişme noktasında bulunması, arazi yapısının farklılığı, kısa mesafelerdeki iklim ve toprak çeşitliliği, mikroklima alanlarının fazlalığı, yükselti farkları, Türkiye'nin binlerce türden oluşan flora ve faunaya sahip olmasında etkili olmuştur. Bu flora içerisinde yaklaşık 700'ün üzerinde farklı odunsu bitkinin yer aldığı tahmin edilmektedir. Bu odunsu taksonlardan biride Acer L. (Akçaağaç) türleridir. 
Yüksek lisans tezi olarak sunulan bu çalışmada tüm Türkiye'de bulunan Acer L. spp. taksonlarının morfolojik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Akçaağaçların yayılış gösterdiği alanlar bir program doğrultusunda ziyaret edilmiş ve 12 (2 Tür literatürde var ancak aranıp örneklenmesi gerekiyor) adet tür ve 17 adet alt türde çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örneklere ait özet ölçüm bilgileri aşağıdaki cetvele çıkarılmıştır. 
Morfolojik özelliklerden yaprak, meyve ve tomurcuk örneklerinde ölçümler yapılmıştır. Yapılan ölçümler sonucunda;
A. hyrcanum subsp. hyrcanum'a ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 3-6 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 55,79 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 52,08 mm, yaprak aya eni ise ortalama 75,31 mm ,
A. hyrcanum subsp. sphaerocaryum'a ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 3-6 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 44,58 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 50,81 mm, yaprak aya eni ise ortalama 65,52 mm ,
A. hyrcanum subsp. keckianum'a ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 3-6 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 50,17 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 47,88 mm, yaprak aya eni ise ortalama 58,53 mm ,
A. hyrcanum subsp. reginea-ameliae'a ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 7-9 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 28,11 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 39,30 mm, yaprak aya eni ise ortalama 51,56 mm ,
A. hyrcanum subsp. tauricolum'a ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 3-6 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 56,22 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 57,54 mm, yaprak aya eni ise ortalama 74,73 mm ,
A. monspessulanum subsp. monspessulanum'a ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 3-6 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 18,92 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 27,96 mm, yaprak aya eni ise ortalama 37,75 mm ,
A. monspessulanum subsp. cinerascens'e ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 2-5 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 32,19 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 29,07 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 43,82 mm 
A. monspessulanum subsp. ibericum'a ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 3-6 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 34,98 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 34,60 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 46,09 mm 
A. monspessulanum subsp. microphyllum'a ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 3-6 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 27,45 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 23,35 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 32,18 mm 
A. monspessulanum subsp. oksalianum'a ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 3-6 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 35,98 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 35,20 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 53,35 mm 
A. heldreichii subsp. heldreichii'ye ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı, yaprak sap uzunluğu, yaprak aya boyu, yaprak aya eni örnek toplanamadığından ölçülemedi. Henüz tesbit edilmedi Kütahya, Afyon, Uşak ve Denizli Çivril taraflarında olduğuna dair kayıt mevcut. Arazi çalışması gerekiyor. 
A heldreichii subsp. trautvetteri'e ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 4-10 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 59,94 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 81,32 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 105,61 mm 
A. campestre subsp. campestre'ye ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 4-6 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 41,53 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 43,05 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 48,69 mm 
A. campestre subsp. leiocarpum'a ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 4-6 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 29,18 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 42,13 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 55,50 mm 
A. cappadocicum subsp. cappadocicum'a ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 3-4 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 70,66 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 63,89 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 87,08 mm 
A. cappadocicum subsp. divergens'e ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 2-3 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 27,09 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 26,86 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 40,37 mm 
A. platanoides'e ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 3-6 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 69,05 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 71,11 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 99,09 mm 
A. pseudoplatanus'a ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 3-7 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 82,47 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 95,25 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 128,03 mm 
A. sempervirens'e ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 3-7 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 8,49 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 20,73 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 30,18 mm 
A. tataricum subsp. tataricum'a ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 3-4 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 29,15 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 55,94 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 38,96 mm
A. negundo'ya ait tomurcuktaki pul sayısı 4-6 adet; yaprak sap uzunluğu ortalama 51,69 mm, yaprak aya boyu ortalama 71,41 mm, yaprak aya eni ortalama 38,75 mm  
bulunmuştur.
A.obtusifolium'a ait örnek toplanamadığı için yaprak, tomurcuk ve meyve özellikleri belirlenemedi. Arazi çalışması gerekiyor.Erzincan, Erzurum, Van, Ağrı, Malatya, Elazığ, Tunceli, Bingöl, Muş taraflarında olduğuna dair kayıt mevcut. 
A.assyricum'a ait örnek toplanamadığı için yaprak, tomurcuk ve meyve özellikleri belirlenemedi. Arazi çalışması gerekiyor.Siirt (Eruh), Şırnak, Hakkari  taraflarında olduğuna dair kayıt mevcut. 
Morfolojik bütün değişkenlere ait veriler depolanmış ve istatistiksel değerlendirmeler için hazır hale getirilmiştir. İstatistiksel değerlendirmelerde varyans analizi ve Duncan testi ile farklılıkları ortaya konulmuştur.

Abstract:
Biological diversities of countries are important besides their historical and cultural richness. The location of Anatolia which is situated on the point of intersection, differences in field structure, diversity of climate and soil, excess of microclimate stands, altitude differences are effective on diversity of flora and fauna of Turkey. It is estimated that over 700 woody plants are exist in this flora. One of them is Acer L.(Maple) species.
Acer L. spp in all of Turkey presented in this study as a graduate thesis. morphological characteristics of the taxa were investigated. The areas of distribution of maple has had a program in accordance with 12 species and sub-species, conducted work on 17 units.
Information on the place from which the sample is brought to the table below.
Leaf, fruit and bud samples were examined and measured for morpological features.
As a result of measurements made;
The trichome number of bud on A. hyrcanum subsp. hyrcanumvaries between 3 and 6. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 55.79 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 52.08 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 75.31 mm. 
The trichome number of bud on A. hyrcanum subsp. sphaerocaryumvariesbetween 3 and 6. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 44.58 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 50.81 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 65.22 mm. 
The trichome number of bud on A. hyrcanum subsp. keckianumvaries between 3 and 6. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 50.17 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 47.88 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 58.53 mm. 
The trichome number of bud on A. hyrcanum subsp. reginea-ameliaevariesbetween  7 and 9. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 28.11 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 39.30 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 51.56 mm. 
The trichome number of bud on A. hyrcanum subsp. tauricolumvariesbetween 3 and 6. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 56.22 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 57.54 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 74.73 mm. 
The trichome number of bud on A. monspessulanum subsp. monspessulanumvaries between 3 and 6. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 18.92 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 27.96 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 37.75 mm. 
The trichome number of bud on A. monspessulanum subsp. cinerascens varies between 3 and 6. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 32.19 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 29.07 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 43.82 mm. 
The trichome number of bud on A. monspessulanum subsp. ibericumvaries between 3 and 6. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 34.98 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 34.60mm and mean palm of leaves width as 46.09 mm
The trichome number of bud on A. monspessulanum subsp. microphyllumvaries between 3 and 6. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 27.45 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 23.35 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 32.18 mm
The trichome number of bud on A. monspessulanum subsp. oksalianumvaries between 3 and 6. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 35.98 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 35.20 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 53.35 mm
Morphological features of the  leaf, bud and fruit for A. heldreichii subsp. heldreichii could not be determined because of inadequate samples. 
There are records that  Heldreichii subsp. heldreichii is observed in Kütahya, Afyon, Uşak, Denizli (Çivril) etc. Field work is needed. 
The trichome number of bud on A heldreichii subsp. trautvetterivaries between 4and 10. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 59.94 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 81.32 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 105.61 mm
The trichome number of bud on A. campestre subsp. campestre varies between 4 and 6. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 41.53 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 43.05 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 48.69 mm
The trichome number of bud on A. campestre subsp. leiocarpum varies between4 and 6. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 29.18 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 42.13 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 55.50 mm
The trichome number of bud on A. cappadocicum subsp. cappadocicumvaries between 3 and 4. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 70.66 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 63.89 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 87.08 mm.
The trichome number of bud on A.cappadocicum subsp. divergensvaries between 2 and 3. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 27.09 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 26.86 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 40.37 mm
The trichome number of bud on A. platanoides varies between 3 and 6. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 69.05 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 71.11 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 99.09 mm
The trichome number of bud on A. pseudoplatanusvaries between 3 and 7. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 82.47 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 92.25 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 128.03 mm
The trichome number of bud on A. sempervirensvaries between 3 and 7. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 8.49 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 20.73 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 30.18 mm
The trichome number of bud on A. tataricum subsp. tataricumvaries between 3 and 4. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 29.15 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 55.94 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 38.96 mm
The trichome number of bud on A. negundovaries between 4 and 6. The leaf stalk was calculated as mean 51.69 mm and also palms of leaves lenght as mean 71.41 mm and mean palm of leaves width as 38.75 mm
Morphological features of the  leaf, bud and fruit for A.obtusifolium could not be determined because of inadequate samples. There are records that  Heldreichii subsp. heldreichii is observed in Erzincan, Erzurum, Van, Ağrı, Malatya, Elazığ, Tunceli, Bingöl, Muşetc. Field work is needed.
Morphological features of the  leaf, bud and fruit for A.assyricum could not be determined because of inadequate samples. There are records that  Heldreichii subsp. heldreichii is observed in Siirt (Eruh), Şırnak, Hakkari etc. Field work is needed.
All data belonging to all morphological varieties were collected and prepared for statically evaluations. Differences were put forwarded by variance analysis and Duncan test in Statistical evaluations.