Biçim grameri ile mağaza tasarımına yönelik bir model önerisi
A model proposal for designing a shop using shape grammar
Yazar: ŞAHİKA ÖZDEMİR
Danışman: ÖĞR. GÖR. HAKAN TONG
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Bilişim Ana Bilim Dalı / Mimari Tasarımda Bilişim Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2014
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture ; İç Mimari ve Dekorasyon = Interior Design and Decoration

Özet:
İnsanlar çağlardan beri farklı gereksinimlerini karşılamak amacıyla çeşitli mekân arayışlarına girmişlerdir. Bu mekân arayışları temel olarak insan eylemlerini kendi içinde barındırmaktadır. Mekânın biçimlenmesinde insanın çeşitli nitelikteki ihtiyaçları ve istekleri önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu biçimlenişi belirleyen etkenler fiziksel veriler, kültürel olgular ya da yaşama alışkanlıkları olabilmektedir. 
Mekânlar, belirlenen ilkeler doğrultusunda şekillenerek insan gereksinimlerine göre anlam kazanmaktadır. Bu gereksinimlere bağlı olarak çeşitli eylemler için farklı işlevlere sahip mekânlara ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. 
İlk çağlarda malların değiş tokuşu anlamına gelen ticaret kavramı her zaman insan hayatının bir parçası olmuştur. Ticaret kavramı insan hayatındaki gelişmelere paralel olarak değişim göstermiştir.
Bilgisayarın yaygın olarak kullanılmasıyla birlikte tasarım dünyasında da, bilgisayar mantığı ile uyumlu çalışabilen, bilgisayar ortamına kolaylıkla adapte edilebilen kural tabanlı tasarım yöntemleri ön plana çıkmaya başlamıştır. Kural tabanlı tasarım yöntemlerinden biri olan biçim grameri yöntemi ile yapılmış bir tasarımın mantığını çözümleyebilmek; hatta biçim kuralları çıkarılarak kural tabanına oturtulmuş olan tasarımı, bilgisayar ortamında değiştirip dönüştürmek ya da aynı tasarım mantığı ile yeni tasarımlar oluşturmak mümkündür.
Bu tez çalışmasında, mağaza tasarımı için örnek olacak bazı mağazalar incelenmiş, analizleri yapılmış ve bunlar üzerinden yeni plan şemaları üreten sistem tasarlanması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, tasarımcıya erken tasarım sürecinde soyut plan alternatifleri sunan bir program üretilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Mağaza tasarımında özellikle yoğun kullanımından dolayı giyecek mağazaları üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında, bilgisayarın hesaplama gücünü kullanarak plan alternatifleri üreten programı geliştirmek üzerine odaklanılmıştır. Bu sayede tasarım sürecinde kısa zamanda birçok plan alternatifi üzerinden çalışma imkânı doğmuş ve geniş alanların incelenmesi kolay bir hale gelmiştir. Bu alternatifler sayesinde ortaya çıkabilecek muhtemel sorunların önceden ve hızlı tespitini sağlamak amaçlanmıştır. Bu noktada, az sayıda kural uygulayarak çok sayıda plan alternatifinin görülmesi hedeflenmiş, bu alternatifler içerisinden uygun seçimi yapmak amaçlanmıştır.
Öncelikli olarak tezin amacı, tezin kapsamı ve tezde izlenen yöntemler ele alınmıştır.
Daha sonra kural tabanlı sistemlerin tanımı, özellikleri, türleri ve uygulama alanları ile ilgili bilgiler verilmiştir. Biçim grameri ile yapılan farklı çalışmalar incelenmiş ve biçim grameri teknikleri analiz edilmiştir.
Diğer bölümde mağaza ile ilgili genel bilgiler verilmiş, mağaza tasarım kriterleri açıklanmış ve bu bağlamda literatür araştırması yapılmıştır. Mevcut olan mağaza tasarımları belirlenen kriterlere göre analiz edilmiş ve değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır.
Uygulama bölümünde mağaza tasarımı için geliştirilen biçim grameri tabanlı tasarım yöntemi önerisi aktarılmıştır. Mağaza tasarımının ilk evresinde kullanılabilecek bir model üretilmiş ve plan şemaları üzerine çalışan program değerlendirilmiştir. Biçim grameri ile belirli kurallar ve sınırlamalar tanımlanmış ve ortaya çıkan örnek modellerin değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. İncelenen mağaza örnekleri üzerinde model uygulanmış ve farklı tasarım alternatifleri üretilmiştir.
Sonuç bölümünde ise, elde edilen plan şemaları değerlendirilerek, ilerleyen aşamalarda yöntemin geliştirilmesi için hedeflenenler açıklanmıştır.

Abstract:
People since ages in order to meet different requirements of various space  have embarked on a search. This basically human actions in their own quest for space accommodates. In shaping the nature of space in a variety of human needs and requests plays an important role. This configuration gives the determinants of physical, cultural phenomena or may be living habits.
Places, shaped in accordance with the principles set according to the needs of people makes sense. This is for a variety of actions depending on the requirements to places with different functions are needed.
In the first ages, which means exchange of goods trade concept has always been a part of human life. Trade concept has changed in parallel to the development in human life.
Hand in their cars or outdoor areas open markets that have been made to this action series, over time, the community requirements, in parallel with economic and technological developments have been moved indoors. With the change of community life in commercial buildings' architectural and spatial fiction began to form. Thus, together with the changing commercial structure designed spaces to spaces of shopping action changed by showing the development of today's IDs.
Shopping, in human history not only take the necessary relief, but also characterized as a social action. Therefore, shopping store design is important. Shops generally, offers similar product types, that they are stores in its inside consumer walk around, analyze, try and buy products. Shop with us today are classified according to selling goods to species and to their position. In designing a shopping venue, the magazine of the interior and facade design has an important role. Firstly, in shop's interior design sold product and nature of the product is determined. Then according to product, the design concept of the shop is emerged. Depending on their potential consumer and shop design rules are created. 
Shops, fashion and trends, also according to consumer demand is constantly changing places. Of course, this change is carried out in the framework of a specific design pattern. If the scope of the thesis as it would complicate the program that produced only clothing store focused on. Example models of plan schemes produced in this study being questioned, also created algorithm is measured in the first phase of the design the convenience it provides.
In grammar-based design method, the relationship between forms, design builder is the basic idea. These relationships not only can be constructed based on the geometry of pure form, but also the form can be edited according to the meaning given to. Form selection and determination of the relationship between forms is determined by design problems, program and designer's review.
The conventional design methods affect in the same way computer-aided design factors of design and this will impact on the design process, computer-aided design tools and designers communication is important. The designer, enter together the chance to intervene in the computer-aided design method of control. The designer handle the chance to check the options as which rule applies where, when, how, and when to start, when it will end. In this way, decisions are provided by the designer, the method of design control and  flow is directed. The control of these stages, the designer's foresights and intuitions is important. If the designer can predict which can reproduce the forms and software in this direction control, the nature of work and wealth can be increased as well.
Rule-based alternatives to replicate both in terms of design, both of which are common characteristics and to obtain different from each other in terms of design provides conveniences. Thanks to computer technology to be transferred to a computer-based design rules and in the use of the rapid developments.
Design world in the form of production mechanism, is working by the rules of shape grammar. An important feature of the shape grammar is that it can allows to trace back. So, in order to try out alternatives, has a feature as in its inference to return to the previous form.
In shape gramars rules are not expressed a  symbolic expression, is directly expressed through with shapes. Shape rules can be considered steady answers given to steady states. However, the rules of grammar are not limiting, only are the tools used in creating a way from known to unknown.
Shape grammars are provided with two advantageous aspects. The first is a certainty, according to the previous approach to the classification of shapes more perfect way method is followed. The second is a generality, is generally neutral, equal to all styles and focuses on introspective features. Both are attentive and eclectic.
In the world of design with the use of the computer as a common, computer logic can be easily adapted to the computer environment that is compatible with the rule-based design methods began to emerge to the fore. Shape grammars is a system of rules for the design language of to define and create spatial compositions. Rule-based design methods is made with the format, which is one of the grammar logic of a design method to analyze; even subtracting the format rules, the rule change, which is sited to the base of the design of the computer environment with the logic of the same design or convert it to possible new designs creation.
In this thesis, some shops an example for shop design are examined, analyzed and designed out of the system that produces new plan schemas. In this study, the production of a program that offers alternatives to the abstract background to the designer in early design process. Due to the intensive use of clothing shops, especially in the design of the shop are emphasized. Within the scope of the work, using the power of the computer's calculation, producing over alternative plans focuses on improving the program. In this way, the design process in a short time, the opportunity to work through many plan alternatives is born and it has become an easy examination of large areas. With these alternatives, possible problems that may occur are intended to provide prior and rapid detection. At this point, by applying a small number of rules to be seen a large number of alternative plans targeted, it is intended to make suitable selection of alternatives. In the scope of thesis, enterance, showcase, cash desk, storage ve changing cubicles are shop's spatial elements and their settlements are produced alternatively.
As a priority, objective of the thesis, the scope and the methodology are discussed.
Then the definition of the rule-based systems, properties, application areas and related species are given. Shape grammar with different studies is examined and shape grammar techniques are analyzed.
Other section general information about the shop are provided, shop design criteria are described and in this context in the literature survey is conducted. According to the criteria specified in the existing shop designs are analyzed and evaluated.
In application section, shape grammar-based design method developed for shop design has been transferred. In early stages of shop design a useable model is produced and the program that works on plan shemas are evaluated. Certain rules and limitations are defined with shape grammar and the resulting sample models are evaluated. The model is applied on studied samples and different design alternatives are produced. Algorithm put into computer-based enviroment with C# software.
In the conclusion, objectives for developing the method in the following stages are disclosed obtaining by evaluating the plan schemes.
Thanks to model different plan shemes to see and these include comments with respect to the user to select the most appropriate is aimed. Alternatives produced with the help of the computer, so that compared results between each other. Whereby step by step the most appropriate design is selected. This is a interactive model which the designer's control is in the foreground. Also model shows efficiency in formation of shape and in user-oriented designs that the guiding was concluded.
The program used components, with given many of the rules, generates different rule-based alternative. Some of the results obtained and predictable results expected and some are unexpected results. Unexpected results may lead designer. These results are not used directly, user intervention or even the architect's rendition is capable become available. With the development of recommendations and deepening methods to further reduce the burden of the designer can be achieved. The method followed in the process of shop design is considered successful due to its contribution and the opportunities for rule-based system. This works for all types of shops in the development of plan schemes are expected to contribute.