Obez ve normal kilolu bireylerde diyete fındık ilavesinin serum lipid ve serum homosistein düzeyine etkisi
Effect of hazelnut comsumption as part of healthy diet on serum homocystein and serum lipid levels in adult individuals
Yazar: NESRİN MUTLU
Danışman: PROF. DR. MÜVEDDET EMEL ALPHAN
Marmara Üniversitesi / Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Biyokimya Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2008
Konu: Beslenme ve Diyetetik = Nutrition and Dietetics ; Kardiyoloji = Cardiology

Özet:
Bu çalışma, fındıkla zenginleştirilmiş diyetin homosistein ve serum lipidlerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. 20-60 yaşları arasındaki 13 gönüllü kişiye toplam iki ay süren iki ayrı diyet uygulanmıştır. Otuz gün süren ilk diyet döneminde olgularlara, lipid metabolizmasını etkileyecek lipid düşürücü ilaç, östrojen bileşenleri, multivitamin, E vitamini ve sert kabuklu meyveler verilmemiştir. Olgularlar alkol ve sigara içmeyen olgulardan seçilmiştir. Çalışmaya alınan olguların diyabet, karaciğer, böbrek, tiroid ve diğer endokrin hastalıkları yoktu ve bunlarla ilgili de ilaç kullanmıyorlardı.Birinci ay, sağlıklı bir diyet (toplam enerjinin %56.8'i karbonhidrat, %14.9'u protein, %28'3'ü yağ), ikinci ay sağlıklı diyetin parçası olarak 100 gram fındık ilave edildi ve bu diyetin toplam enerjisinin %43'ü karbonhidrat, %14'ü protein, %43'ü yağ'dan (%26.8'i fındıktan gelen yağ) oluşuyordu. Başlangıçta ve her iki diyet sonunda serum lipidleri ve homosistein düzeyleri ölçüldü. Ayrıca, çalışmanın başlangıcında ve her görüşmede olgularların antropometrik ölçümleri ve kan basınçları alındı. Fındık ilavesi, erkeklerde ve kadınlarda vücut ağırlığını değiştirmedi fakat kadınların vücut yağı %5.5 (p=1,000) azaldı. Başlangıç döneminden, fındık diyetinin sonuna kadar, homosistein seviyeleri, erkeklerde %8.4 (p=0,902), kadınlarda %3 (p=0,996) düştü. Fındık diyeti boyunca, plazma total kolesterol ve plazma LDL-kolesterol düzeyleri, erkeklerde sırasıyla; %8.4 (p=0,963) ve %11.2 (p=0,914) oranında ve kadınlarda sırasıyla, %1.5 (p=0,650) ve %2.4(p=0,495)oranında azaldı. Fındık diyetinde HDL-kolesterol düzeyleri erkeklerde %7.4 (p=0,892) oranında azaldı. Fındık eklenmesiyle serum Trigliserid düzeyleri, kadınlarda %7.8 (p=0,480) oranında azalırken erkeklerde %7.2 (p=0,935) oranında yükseldi. Bütün parametrelerde anlamlı bir değişiklik gözlenmedi. Fındıkla zenginleştirilmiş diyetin total kolesterol, LDL- kolesterol ve homosistein düzeylerini erkeklerde kadınlara göre daha fazla düşürdüğü belirlenmiştir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Fındık, homosistein, LDL-kolesterol, HDL-kolesterol, Sağlıklı diyet

Abstract:
The aim was to assess effects of hazelnut enriched diets on serum homocysteine and serum lipid levels in individuals. Two 30-day diets were conducted in 13 volunteers (6 women/7 men) aged 20 to 60 years. The volunteers didn?t take anything which affects the lipid metabolism in the first diet. During the second diet each individual was fed with 100 gram hazelnut as a part of healthy diet. The macronutrient composition of the healthy diet and hazelnut diet (HD), as a percentage of energy was 14.9% protein, 56.8% carbohydrate, 28.3% fat vs 14% protein, 43% carbohydrate, 43% fat (fat from hazelnut 26.8%) respectively. In the beginning and after each diet, serum lipids and homocysteine levels were measured. In addition, blood pressure and antropometric measurements of the volunteers were measured in the beginning and at every counselling. Hazelnut supplementation didn?t change body weight in both female and male groups while body fat decreased by 5.5% in the female group. When compared from baseline to the end of HD, homocysteine was decreased by 8.4% in male and 3% in female. During the HD, plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were decreased by 8.4% and 11.2% in men and by 1.5% and 2.4% in women respectively. HDL-cholesterol was decreased by 7.4% in male during the HD. Serum triglycerides after hazelnut supplementation was lowered by 7.8% in female while it was increased by 7.2% in men. No significant changes occured in all other parameters. Hazelnut-enriched diets had more beneficial effects in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and homocysteine levels in male than female.Keywords: Hazelnut, homocysteine, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, healthy dietSUMMARYEFFECT OF HAZELNUT CONSUMPTION AS PART OF HEALTHY DIET ON SERUM HOMOCYSTEIN AND SERUM LIPID LEVELS IN ADULT INDIVIDUALSThe aim was to assess effects of hazelnut enriched diets on serum homocysteine and serum lipid levels in individuals. Two 30-day diets were conducted in 13 volunteers (6 women/7 men) aged 20 to 60 years. The volunteers didn?t take anything which affects the lipid metabolism in the first diet. During the second diet each individual was fed with 100 gram hazelnut as a part of healthy diet. The macronutrient composition of the healthy diet and hazelnut diet (HD), as a percentage of energy was 14.9% protein, 56.8% carbohydrate, 28.3% fat vs 14% protein, 43% carbohydrate, 43% fat (fat from hazelnut 26.8%) respectively. In the beginning and after each diet, serum lipids and homocysteine levels were measured. In addition, blood pressure and antropometric measurements of the volunteers were measured in the beginning and at every counselling. Hazelnut supplementation didn?t change body weight in both female and male groups while body fat decreased by 5.5% in the female group. When compared from baseline to the end of HD, homocysteine was decreased by 8.4% in male and 3% in female. During the HD, plasma total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were decreased by 8.4% and 11.2% in men and by 1.5% and 2.4% in women respectively. HDL-cholesterol was decreased by 7.4% in male during the HD. Serum triglycerides after hazelnut supplementation was lowered by 7.8% in female while it was increased by 7.2% in men. No significant changes occured in all other parameters. Hazelnut-enriched diets had more beneficial effects in total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and homocysteine levels in male than female.Keywords: Hazelnut, homocysteine, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, healthy diet