Keskin-Cankurtaran Köyü camisi koruma projesi
Keski̇n-Cankurtaran Village mosque conservation project
Yazar: SEDA NEHİR AKGÜN
Danışman: YRD. DOÇ. DR. SAKİNE YILDIZ SALMAN
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Restorasyon Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2014
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture

Özet:
Tez kapsamında, Kırıkkale ili, Keskin ilçesi, Cankurtaran Köyü, Köyiçi Mevki 1840 parselde konumlanan Cankurtaran Köyü Camisi incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada caminin tarihi ve mimari özellikleri araştırılarak, yapının mevcut durumu ayrıntılı olarak belgelenmiştir. Çeşitli yazılı ve sözlü kaynak araştırmaları, geçmiş dönem onarım belgeleri, yapıdaki veriler göz önünde bulundurularak yapının restitüsyon projesi hazırlanmış, önerilen koruma projesi ışığında gerekli müdahaleler yapılarak yapının varlığını sürdürebilmesi ve gelecek kuşaklara aktarılması amaçlanmıştır.
Tez konusu caminin yapım tarihi tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte mimari üslubundan 19.yy'da yapılmış olduğu tahmin edilemektedir. Bölgede civar köylerde bu nitelikte bir cami bulunmamaktadır. 1996 yılında kültür varlığı olarak tescillenen caminin mülkiyeti köy tüzel kişiliğinde olsa da yapının her türlü bakım ve onarımının sorumluluğu 2863 sayılı koruma kanunu gereği Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü'ne aittir. Cankurtaran Köyü Camisi arazisinde hazire ve günümüzde kullanılmayan çeşmesi de mevcuttur.
Tez çalışması yedi ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde, tezin amacı, kapsamı ve tez süresince faydalanılan çalışma yöntemleri ele anlatılmıştır.
Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, Kırıkkale ili Keskin ilçesi ve Cankurtaran(Kazıklı) Köyü'nün coğrafikonumu ve tarihsel süreçte gelişimi, sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik yapısı irdelenmiş, bölgede yer alan anıtsal ve sivil mimarlık örnekleri incelenmiştir.
Üçüncü bölümde Cankurtaran Köyü Camisi'nin mevcut durumuna ilişkin ayrıntılı tanımı yapılmıştır. Caminin konumu, tarihçesi anlatılmıştır. Yapının mimari özelllikleri, sırasıyla; plan özellikleri, cephe özellikleri, yapım tekniği, strüktür ve malzeme özellikleri (duvarlar, döşemeler, örtü sistemi, ahşap elemanlar, kapı ve pencereler), yapıda tespit edilen bozulmalar ve nedenleri (doğal etkenlerden kaynaklanan bozulmalar, bakımsızlık ve yanlış müdahaleden kaynaklanan bozulmalar) başlıkları altında incelenmiştir.
Çalışmanın dördüncü bölümünde İç Anadolu kırsalında dini yapı örnekleri camiler ve mescitler adlı başlıklar altında incelenmiştir. Bu yapıların mekansal düzenleri, cephe düzenleri, yapım tekniği, strüktür ve malzeme özelliklerine değinilmiştir.
Çalışmanın beşinci bölümünde caminin restitüsyon çalışmalarına yer verilmiştir. Bu kapsamda yapının farklı dönemlerine tarihlenen ekleri ve onarımlarına değinilmiş, kronolojik bir analiz yapılmıştır. Sonrasında, restitüsyon kararlarına veri oluşturan bilgi ve belgeler incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmalar ışığında restitüsyon sorunları başlığında mekansal sorunlar, yapı elemanı ölçeğindeki sorunlar ve malzeme ölçeğindeki sorunlara değinilmiştir.
Altıncı bölümde caminin restorasyon projesine yer verilmiştir. Proje kapsamında yapının onarımı ve korunmasına ilişkin müdahale ve öneriler anlatılmıştır. Kullanımına ilişkin öneriler kısmında ise caminin kalabalık bir cemaati olmamasına karşın, köyde bulunan tek ibadet yapısı olması, köyde yaşayan müslüman halk ve civar bölgelerden ibadet için gelen insanların varlığı göz önünde bulundurularak özgün işlevinin korunması gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur.
Çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde caminin köy ve bölge açısından önemi ve anlamına değinilmiş, iç anadolu kırsalında tez konusu yapı gibi nitelikli kültür varlıklarının korunması gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur. Yapılan araştırmalar, analitik belgeleme çalışmaları, literatür araştırmaları doğrultusunda elde edilen veriler ışığında bir değerlendirme yapılarak, yapının korunması, yaşatılması için önerilen uygulamalar açıklanmıştır.

Abstract:
Cankurtaran Village Mosque which is located on 1840 parcel of Köyiçi district, Cankurtaran (Kazıklı) Village, is studied in this research. In this research, the current state of the building is documented by investigating the historical and architectural features of the mosque. The restitution projects are prepared based on various written and oral sources, repair documents of the previous period and the traces which are observed on the building. Considering all these datas, the restoration projects are prepared. The main purposes of these project to survive the building and be passed on to future generations by realizing the recommended protective interventions.
The date of construction of the Cankurtaran Village Mosque is not clearly known. Considering the architectural features, it is estimated that the mosque was built in the 19th century. There is not any mosque which is qualified and the same scale as the thesis topic mosque in the surrounding area. The mosque has been certified as cultural property in 1996 and the ownership of the building is a village legal entity. Vakıflar Genel Müdürlüğü is responsible for all the maintanennce and repairs according to the protection law which is numbered 2863. There is a cemetery in the courtyard and an original fountain at the northeast garden wall which are belonged to the Cankurtaran Village Mosque.
There are seven main chapters in this research. The introduction summarize the purpose and the scope of the thesis and the methodology used in the various staged of the research. Although the mosque has many unique details and due to architectural features it has a great importance among other mosques in the region, there are no academic study and detailed documentation about the Cankurtaran Village Mosque. Because of this, this topic was chosen to transfer the building to the future generations. 
In the second chapter of the study, the location and the historical development, socio-cultural and economic structure, monumental and civil architectural samples of Kırıkkale and Keskin district are analyzed. Cankurtaran Village is located on the 20th km of Kırıkkale-Keskin highway. This village is connected to the Keskin district. Throughout the history there are different etnic groups that have lived in Keskin and the villages of Keskin. This situation caused variety in cultural properties. But, there are no cultural properties in Cankurtaran village except the Cankurtaran Village Mosque. In terms of population, Cankurtaran Village is a small village. There are 50 houses in the village and 303 people lives today. The oldest records about the village is in the land registers of Kırşehir. These documents is dated about 1540s.
The third chapter of the study is about the detailed definition of the building which is including the history of the village and the mosque, architectural features, material, construction and structural features and the damages. The architectural features of the mosque are studied under the headings of plan, interior, facade and materials, construction and structural features (walls, floors, cover system, wood elements, doors and windows). The last part of this chapter is about the damages and their reasons which are damages arising from natural disasters and lack of maintenance and damages from inappropriate intervention.
The mosque is located the center of the village. It is surrounded by stone garden walls. There is an entrance to the courtyard from the northwest direction. The mosque is located on the southeast side of the courtyard and the garden walls are next to the southeast facade. The mosque has a cemetery in the northeast of the courtyard. The minaret is located at the southwest of the mosques. It is not an original minaret, it was built in 1985 with the help of the villagers. Unfortunately there are reinforcement buildings in the courtyard. Some parts of the garden walls was demolished to build these structures which are the toilets, storage and ablutions.
Cankurtaran Village Mosque consist of a narthex, entrance hall, imam's room, the women's gallery and harim. The rectangular mosque is oriented southeast-northwest direction. The entrance of the mosque is from the narthex, northwest facade and there is a triangle pedimented entrance door here. The floor of the narthex is lower in the middle. The entrance hall is accessed from the narthex. There are two rooms connected to the entrance hall, but according the original plan scheme of the mosque, these rooms were not existing. In stead of the rooms, there are open galleries. From the room which is identified Z02, the women's gallery is reached by a wood stair.Four wooden pillars carries the women's gallery  and these columns seperates the harim and the entrance. There are four windows in the harim; two of them are located on the southwest wall and the other two windows are located on the northeast wall. Mihrab is located the center of the southeast wall and there is a minbar at the south corner. All the walls of the mosque are ashlar and two different types of natural stone are observed one the building. There are two pillars and two pilasters on the northwest facade. Between these pillars and pilasters there are three round arches. The windows are on the northeast and southwest facade. On the southeast facade there are no openings. There is a hipped roof on top of the building and marseilles tile cladding.
Cankurtaran Village Mosque is open for worship and the community of the mosque pays the maintenance cost by collecting donations. All the current repairs are made by the community,so these interventions cause some kind of damages  like spatial distortions, damages due to unsuitable materials. The restoration and protection experts must be decided which interventions must be done to avoid the building from these damages. 
In the fourth chapter of the study, the worship structures in Central Anatolian  Region which are prayer rooms and mosques are examined. While creating this chapter of the thesis, previous researches and publications about the region, cultural inventory of the cities, thesis about the region and the worship structures have been utilized.
In the fifth chapter of the study, the preparation process of restitution projects have focused on. the chronological study which is explaining the different periods and additions of the  building is developed first. Repair documents of the previous period, the traces which are observed on the building, oral sources and archive documents are helpful  in this process. The building is used a mosque since it was built, but there are some restitution problems which are spatial problems, problems about the structural elements and material problems. Considering all documentations, informations and restitution problems and examining similar mosques, the restitution decisions cleared. 
The restoration project is presented in the sixth chapter. Under restoration project, repair of the building and the interventions related to protection are explained. Requirements of the present situation of the mosque and intervention methods are discussed under the headings that removing additions and cleaning, consolidation and rebuilt. In rebuilt part, the most important proposal is  about the original minaret of the mosque which was located on the roof. The suggestions about usage of the building is based on the original function. Cankurtaran Village Mosque is the only mosque in the village and there is a community of the mosque. Considering this, it was decided to maintain the original function. 
In the conclusion chapter of this study, the importance of the mosque for the village and the region is stated and focused on the necessity of the protection of cultural properties like Cankurtaran Village Mosque. Researches, analytical documentation studies, literature studies in the light of the data obtained in accordance with an evaluation was made. As a result of evaluation, the suggestions about protection and survive the building to be passed on to future generations are discussed.