Yüksek titanyum içerikli albit cevherlerinin değerlendirilmesi
The Evaluation of high titanium content feldspar ories
Yazar: MURAT OLGAÇ KANGAL
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. ALİ GÜNEY
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Cevher-Kömür Hazırlama ve Değerlendirme Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1998
Konu: Maden Mühendisliği ve Madencilik = Mining Engineering and Mining
Dizin: Albit = Albite ; Titanyum = Titanium

Özet:
IX ÖZET Türkiye'nin maden ihracatında önemli bir yer oluşturan feldspatlar günümüzün en önemli cam ve seramik hammaddeleridir. Bu kullanım alanlarından dolayı ülkemizdeki sektörünün de hızla gelişmesiyle birlikte üretimi önemli oranda artmıştır. Ülkemizde Ege Bölgesi'nde büyük bir rezerve sahip olan feldspatların yalnızca Milas-Çine Bölgesi'ndeki miktarı 400 milyon ton olup dünyanın en önemli yataklarındandır. Seramik ve cam sanayinde kullanılan feldspatların 0.15-0.3% Ti02, max 0.10% Fe203, min 9.5% Na20 (sodyum feldspat için) ve 8-9% KjO (potasyum feldspat için) içerikli olması gerekmektedir. Ülkemizde bu özelliklere sahip rezervlerin kısıtlı olması, gerek cam ve seramik sektörünün gereksiniminin karşılanması ve gerekse ihracatın cazip olmasından dolayı yüksek Ti02 ve Fe203 içerikli feldspatların endüstriye kazandırılması ön plana çıkmaktadır. Milas-Çine feldspat rezervlerinin %20'sini oluşturan 80 milyon ton civarında yüksek Ti02 ve Fe203 içerikli cevherler bulunmaktadır. Bu feldspatların hem cam-seramik hammaddesi olarak hem de titanyum cevheri olarak değerlendirilmesi bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Zenginleştirme deneylerine esas olan numunede ve konsantre nitelikli ürünlerde yapılan parlak-ince kesitlerin üzerinde yapılan mineralojik incelemeler sonucunda, numunenin büyük bir çoğunluğunu albit olmak üzere; kuvars, mika ve mikroklin teşkil ederken, ana minerallere eşlik eden tali minerallerin; anataz, rutil, ilmenit, sfen, manyetit, hematit, limonit, epidot, garnet, biotit, flogopit, pirit ve zirkon olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Yapılan elek analizlerinin sonuçlarından ve tane sayımı işlemlerinden sonra Ti02'nin 0. 1 mm altında tespit edilmiş ve deneysel çalışmalarda kullanılacak numunenin -0. 1 mm olmasına karar verilmiştir. Deneylerde sırasıyla Yüksek Alan Şiddetli Jones Manyetik Ayırma, Multi-Gravite Ayırması, Klasik-Kolon ve Jet Flotasyonu Yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Yüksek Alan Şiddetli Jones Manyetik Ayırıcısı ile yapılan deneyler sonucunda % 22.2 oranında % 0.08 Ti02 ve % 0.04 Fe203 içerikli albit konsantresi üretilmiştir. MGS ile yapılan deneyler sonucunda % 49.5 oranında % 0.05 Ti02 ve % 0.05 Fe203 içerikli albit konsantresi üretilmiştir. Flotasyonla zenginleştirme deneyleri, klasik flotasyonun yanısıra ince boyuttaki cevherlerin zenginleştirilmesinde yeni teknikler olan Kolon ve Jet Flotasyonu yöntemleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Klasik flotasyon deneyinde % 64.98 oranında % 0.07 Ti02 ve % 0.08 Fe203 içerikli albit konsantresi üretilmiştir. Jet flotasyonu deneyinde % 76.8 oranında % 0.14 Ti02 ve % 0.07 Fe203 içerikli albit konsantresi üretilmiştir. Kolon flotasyonu deneyinde % 85.90 oranında % 0.04 Ti02 ve % 0.05 Fe203 içerikli albit konsantresi üretilmiştir.

Abstract:
XI SUMMARY THE EVALUATION OF HIGH TITANIUM CONTENT FELDSPAR ORES Feldspars are one of the most important mineral group on the earth. Although group of feldspar has 20 minerals, only 9 of them are the best known. These best known minerals form the largest percent of minerals in nature. These are albite, oligoclase, andesine, labradorite, bytownite, anorthite, microclin, sanidine and orthoclase. Feldspar has similar characteristic properties depending on their similar structure. They are only monoclinic. Twin structure can be easily formed among feldspar minerals. Their hardness is 6 and average specific gravity is 2.55-2.76. They are dull and rarely glassy. Their formulas are XAl(1_2)Si(3_2)Os. Na, Na and/or K, K and/or Ca and only Ca ions are represented by X in this formula. Feldspar ores are mostly treated by using magnetic and electrostatic separators while albites are treated by flotation method. Feldspar is recently the most important raw material for glass and ceramic industry and is take place verl important role in terms of exportation in Turkey. Albites in Çine-Milas district is to be counted itself with huge quantities as much as 400 million tons of reserve represented with average qualities. Due to the rapid development of this industry, the production of feldspar, which has a lot of uses predominantly in glass and ceramics sectors, increased in a large quantities. Turkey has produced 1.075.000 tons of feldspar in 1995 and exported 65% of this. Turkey with this production level, is seen as the second feldspar producer after ItalyXll all over the world. The large amount of produced feldspar is sold without any treatment, after size reduction. Feldspar, which is used in glass and ceramics industries, should contain 0.15-0.3% Ti02, max 0.10% Fe203, min 9.5% Na20 (for sodium feldspar) and 8-9% K20 (for potassium feldspar). In our country, especially these reserves are limited. Whether to satisfy the need of our glass and ceramics industries or the exportation's being attractive, reserves reduce day by day and it is in the first place that feldspar, which contains high Ti02 and Fe203 should be industrialized by treatment. Because of the its strength and corrosion resistance of titanium has a wide use area. Specially titanium and its alloys have an important role in aircraft industry, in chemical industry due to its resistance against corrosion and in paper industry. Titanium import of Turkey exceeded 3.000 tons in 1995. Because of this reason, satisfying the need of titanium from Turkey's own deposits is in the agenda. There are about 80 million tons of high content of Ti02 and Fe203 ores which form 20% of Milas-Çine feldspar reserves. The average content of Ti02 of ore is 0.4%. Both as being glass-ceramics raw material and being evaluated as titanium ore, these feldspar reserves form the aim of this study. Feldspars obtained from Milas-Çine region contain 0.48% Ti02, 0.13% Fe203, 9.43% Na20 and 0.40% ICjO. Experiments are carried out on this feldspar ore by using high intensity wet magnetic separation, multi-gravity separation and flotation methods. At the results of mineralogical studies on prepared polish section with feldspar sample, mainly albite and quartz, mica and microcline minerals were determined. Also secdndary minerals such as anatase, rutile, ilmenite, sphene, magnetite, hematite, limonite, epidote, biotite, flogopite, pyrite and zirconium minerals wereXlll observed. Especially anatase is seen together with rutile in ore composition. Rutile is also observed with specific shape of crystals and elbow formed prevalently. Chemical analysis is performed with ICP of sample that obtained by enrichment product was given in Çizelge. In Rare Earth Element Analysis that performed with ICP, because of contents of Ce, Y and Nb are high, anatase and rutile are formed at the end of the alteration of sphene. In the results of the mineralogical research andXIV partide counting processes, impurities that contain TİO2 and Fe2Ü3 were liberated -0. 1 mm and experimental studies were done at this particle size. High Intensity Jones Magnetic Separators realize effective separation when magnetic mineral concentration like Hematite, Pyrotite, Siderite, Ilmenite, Chromite ores and Manganite are desired, it is also used to separate non-magnetic and magnetic minerals like glass sand, apatite, clay, talc, kaolin, feldspar, coal, barite, graphite, bauxite and cassiterite. At the result of magnetic separation experiments, feldspar concentrate which assays 0.08% Ti02, 0.04% Fe203 with the amount of 22.2% by weight was obtained. The Multi-gravity separator can be considered as a shaking Çizelge wrapped into a drum and spun to induce an enhanced gravitational field capable of allowing ultrafine minerals to separate. A counter-balanced shake mechanism enhances further separation without excessive floor vibration. A counter-current scraper mechanism and combined wash water system ensures that the heaviest materials are recovered and simultaneously upgraded. At the result of Multi-gravity separation experiments, feldspar concentrate which assays 0.05% Ti02, 0.05% Fe203 with the amount of 49.5% by weight was obtained. The conventional flotation tests with SM-15 and F-3635 mixture were performed as a function of pH, collector and mixture ratio. The systematic flotation tests on the feldspar showed that pH: 3, SM-15: F-3635: 400 g/t and the mixture ratio is 2: 1. The conventional flotation tests carried out at the optimum conditions produced an albite concentrate containing 0.07% Ti02, 0.08% Fe203with the amount of 65% by weight Conventional flotation are sometimes not ideal for separation of valuable minerals from gangues because of turbulance and a lack of bubble size control. In these cases, as an alternative processes, column and jet flotation have been developed.XV If the results are summarized is necessary, the results of the screen analysis and particle counting techniques have shown that Ti02 liberated minus 0. 1 mm. At the result of magnetic separation experiments, feldspar concentrate which assays 0.08 % Ti02, 0.04 % Fe203 with 22.2 % by weight was obtained. At the result of Multi- gravity separation experiments, feldspar concentrate which assays 0.05% Ti02, 0.05% Fe20, with 49.5 % by weight was obtained. The conventional flotation tests carried out at the optimum conditions produced an albite concentrate containing 0.07 % Ti02, 0.08 % Fe203with the amount of 65 % by weight. At the optimum conditions, the jet flotation tests produced an albite concentrate containing 0.14 % Ti02, 0.07 % Fe203 with 76.8% by weight and a Ti02 recovery of 39.69%. At the optimum conditions, the column flotation tests produced an albite concentrate containing 0.04 % Ti02, 0.05 % Fe203 with 85.9 % by weight and a Ti02 recovery of 89.60 %. Extra quality product containing % 0.05 Ti02 and % 0.05 Fe203 was obtained from albite with % 0.51 Ti02and % 0.13 Fe203.