Giresun ili sahil şeridindeki osmanlı mezar taşları
Ottoman tombstone along the Giresun coast area
Yazar: GAZANFER İLTAR
Danışman: PROF.DR. HALİT ÇAL
Gazi Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Sanat Tarihi Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2005
Konu: Sanat Tarihi = Art History

Özet:
Tez çalışmamızda, Giresun il merkezi ile sahil şeridinde kalan Piraziz, Bulancak,Keşap, Espiye, Tirebolu, Görele ve Eynesil ilçelerindeki Osmanlı dönemine ait mezartaşları incelenmiştir.Bahse konu mezarlıklarda karşılaştığımız Osmanlı dönemine ait mezar taşları tespitedildikten sonra bunların resimleri çekilmiş, uygun olanlarının stampajları alınmıştır.Gerekli saha çalışmaları tamamlandıktan sonra ofis çalışmalarına geçilmiş, taşlarınkitabeleri okunup, yazıların kritiği yapılmıştır. Mezar taşlarında karşılaşılan süslemelerinçeşitleri tespit edilmiş, bunlar kendi içersisinde gruplanmıştır.Tez çalışmamızda Giresun'daki mezar taşlarının, mezar taşı literatüründeki yeri veetkileşim alanları da belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Mezar taşlarındaki yazı, süsleme, malzemevb. unsurlar değerlendirilerek, bu taşların yapıldığı dönemdeki sosyo-kültürel ortam dadeğerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Abstract:
In our master thesis called ?Ottoman Tombstone along the Giresun Coast Area ?,tombstones in Giresun city center and its districts Piraziz, Bulancak, Keşap, Espiye,Tirebolu, Görele and Eynesil have been examined.162 graves from the Ottoman period and one from the Cumhuriyet period havebeen found. The Cumhuriyet sample also contained Ottoman letters.Of them, 99 graves belonged to men and 61 of them to women. It hasn?t beendetermined which gender the persons lying in the last three graves had. 118 tombstonescould be found at the grave?s head ends but only 3 could be found at the grave?s foot ends.The last 42 graves had tombstones on both sides of the graves. Among the total number of163 graves 8 were found which only contained empty coffins.According to the stems three different groups of tombstones could be established.The first group which includes 87 samples has a head-like top and a rectangle shaped body.The second group which includes another seven samples almost has a square body. Thefinal third group of five stems does not have a head-like top and has got a cylindrical stem.Among the women?s tombstones 3 different types could be established, too. 16samples could be found with a head-like top and a rectangle shaped body. The secondgroup consists of 21 samples which top ends have vegetal motives and a rectangle shapedbody. The last group including 14 samples has got a triangle top and has got a rectangleshaped body. The top of seven tombstones found were broken.Of the vegetal motives found on the tombstones 22 samples show roses,7 samplesshow tulips, 4 samples show verbenas, 3 samples show carnations, 4 samples show wildflowers, 1 sample shows a fuchsia, 2 samples show palmettes, 1 sample shows a flower?sblossom only, 14 show curled branches, 8 samples show rose branches, 7 samples showcypresses, 4 samples date palms, 12 samples show wine branches, 1 sample shows a tubatree, 2 samples show fruits, 8 samples show cardoons and 23 samples show abstract leafmotives.Of the tombstones which have objects as a motive 15 samples show vases, 5 shownecklaces, 10 show ribbons, 1 shows a sword, 2 show curtains and 2 fruit plate motives.There also is one sample with geometric decoration and 4 samples with column motives.Among all the samples which we examined, 12 tombstones were made out of stoneand 151 were made out of marble materials. For the production of all these tombstonesengraving technique was used.The epitaph was written in different writings. Three samples were written inNaskhi, 30 samples in Taliq and another 123 samples in Thuluthcaligraphy. On the lastseven samples no writing could be found. Of these, 2 tombstones were found at the grave?stop ends and three at the grave?s foot ends.Stone Tombstones from the Ottoman period found in Giresun were usually made ofstones from the close by area. Whereas the marble material used for the production ofseveral tombstones was from İstanbul sent to Anatolia. Because the transportation of heavytombstone materials via the sea way from İstanbul to Giresun brought several advantages,the trade of these materials from İstanbul to Giresun flourished. As a result the materialmade in İstanbul also brought along motives and styles from 18. Century Europe toGiresun which especially influenced the outlook of women?s tombstones in the Giresunarea.