Set tipi yoğurtlarda probiyotik mikroorganizma ile zenginleştirilmiş yenilebilir film uygulamaları
Edible film applications enriched with probiotic microorganisms in set-type yogurts
Yazar: EMİNE KIRKOÇOĞLU
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. SELİN KALKAN
Giresun Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Biyosüreç Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2024
Konu: Gıda Mühendisliği = Food Engineering

Özet:
Bu çalışmada, mikroenkapsüle Bifidobacterium animalis ssp lactis B94, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ve bu kültürlerin kombinasyonları ile zenginleştirilmiş kitosan bazlı filmlerin üretimi, karakterizasyonu ve set tipi yoğurtlarda kullanımları araştırılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, filmlerin fizikokimyasal, optik ve mekanik özelliklerinin probiyotik kültürlerin ilavesinden etkilendiği gözlemlenmiştir. Filmlerdeki probiyotik mikroorganizma sayısı filmlerin kurutulması sonrasında azalma göstermiştir. Filmlerdeki kurutma sonrası mikroenkapsüle probiyotik mikroorganizmalarının canlılık değerleri% 86,26 – 90,94 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Mikroenkapsüle probiyotik mikroorganizmalarla zenginleştirilmiş kitosan filmler en güçlü antimikrobiyel ekiyi E.coli'ye karşı, kombine kültür ilavesi ile elde edilen aktif filmler ile göstermiştir. Çalışmamız sonuçları, kitosan filmlerin, probiyotik mikroorganizmalar tarafından üretilen ve patojenler üzerinde antimikrobiyel etkisi bulunan maddelerin salınımına olanak tanıdığını göstermektedir. Yüzeyleri aktif filmler ile kaplanmış olan yoğurt örneklerinin 21 günlük depolama süreci boyunca fizikokimyasal özellikleri incelendiğinde, pH değerleri 4,02-5,34; Temas açısı değerleri 0,553-0,828 % Laktik asit; Kurumadde değerleri % 14,94-% 19,36; kül değerleri % 0,965-0,978; yoğunluk değerleri 1,0362 - 1,0394 g/cm3; su aktivitesi değerleri 0,9917- 0,9943; serum ayrılma değerleri 6,275- 9,5 mL/25 g; L* değerleri 67,85±0,40-86,90±0,03; a* değerleri -1,93±0,38-0,11±0,33; b* değerleri 9,88±0,29-19,58±0,94; ΔE* değerleri ise 13,80±0,15-29,28±0,32 arasında tespit edilmiştir. Depolama süresince yoğurt örneklerinde mikrobiyolojik değişiklikler değerlendirildiğinde, Toplam mezofilik aerofilik bakteri sayısı 6,06 – 7,125 log KOB/g; Laktik asit bakteri sayısı 5,07 – 7,33 log KOB/g; Lactococcus spp. sayıları 4,97– 6,30 log KOB/g; toplam maya-küf sayıları ise 0– 3,28 log KOB/g arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Tez çalışmasının sonuçlarına dayanarak, mikroenkapsüle probiyotikler ile zenginleştirilmiş aktif kitosan filmlerin, biyolojik aktif yenilebilir film olarak gıda endüstrisinde kullanılmak için ilgi çekici bir aday olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Abstract:
In this study, the production, characterization, and application of chitosan-based films enriched with microencapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis B94, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and combinations of these cultures in set-type yogurts were investigated. The analyses revealed that the physicochemical, optical, and mechanical properties of the films were affected by the addition of probiotic cultures. The number of probiotic microorganisms in the films decreased after drying. The viability of microencapsulated probiotic microorganisms in the films after drying ranged between 86.26% and 90.94%. Chitosan films enriched with microencapsulated probiotic microorganisms exhibited the strongest antimicrobial effect against E. coli when active films were obtained with the addition of combined cultures. The results of our study indicate that chitosan films allow the release of substances produced by probiotic microorganisms that have antimicrobial effects on pathogens. When the physicochemical properties of yogurt samples coated with active films were examined during a 21-day storage period, the pH values ranged from In this study, the production, characterization, and application of chitosan-based films enriched with microencapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis B94, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and combinations of these cultures in set-type yogurts were investigated. The analyses revealed that the physicochemical, optical, and mechanical properties of the films were affected by the addition of probiotic cultures. The number of probiotic microorganisms in the films decreased after drying. The viability of microencapsulated probiotic microorganisms in the films after drying ranged between 86.26% and 90.94%. Chitosan films enriched with microencapsulated probiotic microorganisms exhibited the strongest antimicrobial effect against E. coli when active films were obtained with the addition of combined cultures. The results of our study indicate that chitosan films allow the release of substances produced by probiotic microorganisms that have antimicrobial effects on pathogens. When the physicochemical properties of yogurt samples coated with active films were examined during a 21-day storage period, the pH values ranged from In this study, the production, characterization, and application of chitosan-based films enriched with microencapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis B94, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and combinations of these cultures in set-type yogurts were investigated. The analyses revealed that the physicochemical, optical, and mechanical properties of the films were affected by the addition of probiotic cultures. The number of probiotic microorganisms in the films decreased after drying. The viability of microencapsulated probiotic microorganisms in the films after drying ranged between 86.26% and 90.94%. Chitosan films enriched with microencapsulated probiotic microorganisms exhibited the strongest antimicrobial effect against E. coli when active films were obtained with the addition of combined cultures. The results of our study indicate that chitosan films allow the release of substances produced by probiotic microorganisms that have antimicrobial effects on pathogens. When the physicochemical properties of yogurt samples coated with active films were examined during a 21-day storage period, the pH values ranged from In this study, the production, characterization, and application of chitosan-based films enriched with microencapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis B94, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and combinations of these cultures in set-type yogurts were investigated. The analyses revealed that the physicochemical, optical, and mechanical properties of the films were affected by the addition of probiotic cultures. The number of probiotic microorganisms in the films decreased after drying. The viability of microencapsulated probiotic microorganisms in the films after drying ranged between 86.26% and 90.94%. Chitosan films enriched with microencapsulated probiotic microorganisms exhibited the strongest antimicrobial effect against E. coli when active films were obtained with the addition of combined cultures. The results of our study indicate that chitosan films allow the release of substances produced by probiotic microorganisms that have antimicrobial effects on pathogens. When the physicochemical properties of yogurt samples coated with active films were examined during a 21-day storage period, the pH values ranged from In this study, the production, characterization, and application of chitosan-based films enriched with microencapsulated Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis B94, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and combinations of these cultures in set-type yogurts were investigated. The analyses revealed that the physicochemical, optical, and mechanical properties of the films were affected by the addition of probiotic cultures. The number of probiotic microorganisms in the films decreased after drying. The viability of microencapsulated probiotic microorganisms in the films after drying ranged between 86.26% and 90.94%. Chitosan films enriched with microencapsulated probiotic microorganisms exhibited the strongest antimicrobial effect against E. coli when active films were obtained with the addition of combined cultures. The results of our study indicate that chitosan films allow the release of substances produced by probiotic microorganisms that have antimicrobial effects on pathogens. When the physicochemical properties of yogurt samples coated with active films were examined during a 21-day storage period, the pH values ranged from