Hafif elektrikli araç uygulamaları için gömülü mıknatıslı senkron motorun tasarım ve optimizasyonu
Design and optimization of permanent magnet synchronous motor for light electric vehicle applications
Yazar: KEVSER ÖZER
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. MURAT YILMAZ
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü / Elektrik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı / Elektrik Mühendisliği Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2024
Konu: Elektrik ve Elektronik Mühendisliği = Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Özet:
Bu tez kapsamında da referans bir ticari hafif elektrikli araçtan yola çıkılarak öncelikle elektrik motor gereksinimleri belirlenmiş, ardından bu gereksinimler doğrultusunda analitik analiz ile tasarıma başlanmıştır. Analitik analiz sonuçları ile de uyumlu referans bir GMSM elektromanyetik olarak analiz edilmiştir. Ardından da farklı oluk/kutup kombinasyonları, farklı rotor topolojileri yapılarak GMSM'lar arasında verim, moment dalgalanması, relüktans momenti vb. performans parametreleri kıyaslanarak çift U tipi GMSM topolojisi seçilmiştir.

Seçilen GMSM topolojisinde, optiSLang yazılımı yardımı ile çeşitli giriş parameterleri belirlenmiştir. Minumum mıknatıs hacmi ve maksimum verim gibi hedef çıktılar seçilmiş ve bu doğrutusunda GMSM optimize edilerek nihai model elde edilmiştir. Optimizasyonu tamamlanan çift U tipi GMSM modeli için de ANSYS Maxwell ve MotorCAD yardımı ile eletromanyetik analizler tamamlanarak referans modele göre kıyaslamalar gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Abstract:
In the context of this thesis, first of all determination of performance parameters, such as nominal and maximum power, torque, and speed demanded from the electric motor by the LEV, based on a reference commercial light electric vehicle. In order to determine these requirements, the vehicle longitudinal model was utilised. In accordance with the calculated requirements, the analytical analysis step was initiated. In this regard, the initial step was to perform motor sizing based on the main dimension equations. Subsequently, the slot-pole combination that is most effective in terms of motor performance parameters, particularly torque ripple, was selected. In the another step, the air gap was determined, taking into account the electrical and magnetic loadings. This was followed by the winding properties and slot dimensioning. Finally, the dimensions of the stator were determined on the basis of the slot sizing.

A reference IPMSM, compatible with the analytical design results, was analysed electromagnetically. The scope of the analyses included electromagnetic studies, in which MotorCad and ANSYS Maxwell programs were employed. The following parameters were examined: magnetic flux density, no-load flux distribution, torque graph, efficiency map, back-EMF graph, and air gap magnetic flux distribution graph.

In the context of IPMSM design studies, it was first established that the number of slots would be fixed at 36. This was followed by the creation of three distinct models, each with a different pole combination (8, 10 and 12). In this regard, the subsequent graphs and calculations were obtained through numerical analysis of these three distinct topologies: efficiency, moment fluctuations, cogging moments, back-EMF wave and total harmonic distortion (THD), which demonstrates the proximity of the waveform to a sinusoid. Furthermore, reluctance moments were calculated and magnet volumes were compared for all three topologies. Consequently, the 36/8 slot/pole combination was identified as the optimal choice.

This study step performed electromagnetic analyses for four different rotor geometries as an alternative to the reference model. The V, double V, U and double U rotor IPMSM topologies were investigated as alternatives to the delta-shaped IPMSM topology. This was followed by the examination of different rotor topologies, with the objective of determining the efficiency, torque ripple, reluctance torque, and other parameters between the IPMSMs.  The double U-type IPMSM was selected as the optimal model based on its superior performance parameters.
An optimized model was created with the help of the optiSLang program based on the selected double U-type GMSM model. The motor model is modelled on MotorCAD to be used in the OptiSLang program and is thought to affect the performance values; such as slot opening, magnet thicknesses, slot dimensions are introduced as input parameters. Target parameters were minimum magnet volume, maximum efficiency and minimum torque fluctuation. The metamodel structure obtained from the sensitivity analysis performed by the optiSLang program was first examined during the optimisation.