Gayrimenkul geliştirme projesi olarak eğitim yapıları darüşşafaka cemiyeti eğitim kurumları vaka analizi
Educational building as real estate development project darussafaka educational institution case study
Yazar: ELİF EZGEÇ
Danışman: PROF. DR. FUNDA YİRMİBEŞOĞLU ; DOÇ. DR. ÖZHAN ERTEKİN
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Gayrimenkul Geliştirme Ana Bilim Dalı / Gayrimenkul Geliştirme Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2018
Konu: Eğitim ve Öğretim = Education and Training ; Mimarlık = Architecture ; Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning
Dizin: Eğitim projeleri = Education projects ; Mimari projeler = Architectural projects ; Sürdürülebilir kentleşme = Sustainable urbanization ; Yatırım projeleri = Investment projects

Özet:
Günümüzde ve gelecekte bilgi toplumları arasında varlık gösterebilmek için bir toplumun en etkili aracı olan eğitim sisteminin nitelik ve niceliğinin yükseltilmesi ve çağdaş yaşam seviyesine uygun hale getirilmesi gerekmektedir.
Eğitim ve mimarlık disiplinleri yaşamı oluşturan temel güdüleri tanımlamakta ve bir toplum kültürü inşa etmektedir. 
Bu kültür yaşanılan kentsel alan içerisinde kent ile birlikte evrimleşmektedir. Ancak yaşamımızı ve geleceğimizi biçimlendiren bu disiplinlerin geleneksel yaklaşımlar ile şekillendirilmesi, çağdaş toplum dinamikleri ile ters düşmektedir.
Sürekli değişen-dönüşen kent ve kentli yaşam kültürü içerisinde toplumsal değerler yeniden tanımlanarak, yalnızca eğitim sistemlerini değil eğitim yapılarını da değişime zorlamaktadır. 
Arsa kıtlığı yaşanan büyük kentlerde eğitim alanları için ayrılan alanların giderek küçüldüğünü ve özellikle arsa bedeli görece daha ekonomik olan kent çevrelerinde artan yerleşimler ile birlikte eğitim yatırımlarının bu bölgelere yöneldiğini gözlemlemek mümkündür. 
Yapılaşmanın kent çeperinde evrimi merkez ve çevre kavramlarını oldukça göreceli ve zamana özgü hale getirmiştir. (Davis, 2007). 21. yüzyılda çağdaş kentleşme, "sınırları olmayan kentleşme" olarak tanımlanmaktadır (Keleş, 2005). 
Kent çeperindeki konumları ve kapalı site oluşumunun bir parçası olma özellikleri ile Eğitim kampüsleri de kentin dönüşüm sürecinin dışavurumu olarak değerlendirilebilir. 
Ülkemizde mevcut eğitim politikaları ile temellendirilmiş eğitim yapıları, genellikle tip projeler ile çözümlenmiştir.  Eğitim yapıları çağdaş eğitim sistemine uygun olarak hale getirilmeye ihtiyaç duymaktadır. 
Tez çalışması kapsamında en etkili ve en verimli şekilde eğitim yapılarında dönüşümün nasıl gerçekleşebileceği araştırılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle eğitim yapılarının yatırım kararı alım süreçleri değerlendirilmiştir. 
Bu bağlamda vaka analizi olarak ele alınan Darüşşafaka Eğitim Kurumları Maslak Kampüsü geçmiş dönemde kent çeperinde konumlu sayılabilecekken, hızla değişen-dönüşen kentsel alanda kalan bir eğitim yapısı olarak bu sürece örnek oluşturmaktadır.
Eğitim yapılarının yer seçim kriterleri üzerinden kentsel alan ile olan ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Mekânsal kurgusu ile ilgili tasarım girdileri global ölçekte örnekler ile birlikte incelenmiş ve genel tasarım kriterleri sorgulanmıştır.
Çağdaş yapı standartları dâhilinde, eğitim alanında kullanılan teknolojik gelişmelerle uyumlu olacak şekilde kampüs yapı standartlarının iyileştirilmesi, mevcut imkânların daha verimli kullanılarak doğa ile içiçe mekânların yaratılması ve yatılı okul olmanın gerekliliği olarak "Ev" hissiyatını yaratacak mekânlar oluşturmak projenin amacını tanımlamaktadır. 
İnceleme sonunda yatırım stratejisi önerileri yapılarak eğitim yapılarının gayrimenkul proje geliştirme süreci içerisinde değerlendirilmesi ile ilgili bir model önerisi getirilmiştir.
Bu model dahilinde eğitim yapılarının kullanıcı odaklı planlaması ile ilgili tüm girdilerin proje geliştirme süreci içerisinde nasıl gerçekleştirileceği sorgulanmıştır.
Çalışma kapsamında eğitim yapılarının hayal gücü ve teknik bilginin bir araya gelmesiyle oluşturulan mimari yapay çevre; ekolojik, teknolojik, sosyal, politik, ahlaki ve estetik gibi soyut ve somut değerlerin bir birleşimi olması ideali araştırılmıştır.

Abstract:
Educational system of a country is the key asset to set presence in information society today and in the future. Therefore there is a certain need for evolving the quality of educational system and quantity of better practices for educational development to reach compatible standards with contemporary life.
The disciplines of education and architecture define the basic motives that make up life and build a society culture. 
This culture evolves along with the city within the urban area. However, the shaping of these disciplines, shaping our lives and our future, by traditional approaches, contradicts contemporary society dynamics. 
Social values are redefined within the ever-changing urban and urban life culture and it is not only changing education systems but also changing education structures. 
It is possible to observe that in the big cities where land shortages exist, the areas allocated for education are getting smaller and the education investments are directed to these regions, especially with increasing settlements in urban areas which are relatively economical with land prices. 
The evolution of urbanization in the urban periphery has made the concepts of center and environment very relative and time-specific. (Davis, 2007). Contemporary urbanization in the 21st century is defined as "urbanization without borders" (Keles, 2005). 
Educational campuses can also be evaluated as an expression of the transformation process of the city, with their location in the city periphery and being a part of closed site formation.
In Turkey most of the educational buildings have been designed uniformly by current governal policies. Architectural phase has to be renovated in terms of contamporary policies and needs. 
In terms of thesis; most effective and best way for transform in educational assets were investigated starting with strategic investment decision making process. 
In this context, the Darüşşafaka Educational Institutions Maslak Campus, which is considered as a case study in this context, is an example of this process as an educational structure that remains in a rapidly changing urban area while it may be regarded as being located on the city wall in the past period.
Site selection decisions were analized above the relationship of the asset with the urban realm. Design inputs of spatial organization were investigated by global and local case studies and general desing characteristics were examined.
Darüşşafaka Maslak Campus- New Campus Design project development process were examined as case study. Project aim can be defined as 
-	Improvement of educational space design compatible with contemporary construction standarts and technological development
-	Take advantage of exisiting opportunities of natural resources
-	Creating "Home" environment for students 
Finally; strategic proposals were collected and an investment model were proposed for educational asset developments acting as a real estate development project.
Within this model, it was questioned how all the inputs related to user-oriented planning of training structures will be realized within project development process.
Within the scope of the study, the architectural artificial environment created by the combination of the imagination and technical knowledge of the educational buildings; The ideal of being a combination of abstract and concrete values such as ecological, technological, social, political, moral and aesthetic has been researched.
Private school investments, which have integrated campus structures required by the education system in our country and which are rapidly growing with free enterprise examples, can be described as a pioneer in the evaluation of educational buildings as real estate development project.
A MODEL recommendation should be introduced in the development process of the educational structures in line with the studies and analyzes made. The steps that can be taken in this context can be divided into analysis process, design process and development process.
The following are the suggestions for the support of the literature researches conducted under the thesis study and the experience of case analysis.
Analysis Process Proposals
-	Identifying Users' Needs Together; Students and trainers who are active users of the training structure should be included in the design process so that they can express their expectations in social and work areas.
-	With workshops to be organized by the user, there can be very clear conclusions about what is particularly important for them and what will make their school of color and shape or social areas better.
-	With the active involvement of the user, the user will be provided with more ownership of the space.
-	Understanding the institutional identity of the educational structure to be improved Educational institutions are the most effective structures in the formation of social cultures. The better the analysis of the identity of the community and the educational institution to be developed, the more successful the design will be.
-	Recognizing Land Constraints to be Improved; An effective and successful educational structure design should begin by analyzing the location in detail. Recognition of land, orientation of the building, organization of the space, orientation of the facade, establishment of the circulation diagram will help to make the correct design decisions for educational purposes.
-	Establishing a relationship model between the city and the educational structure The campus structures, which are established in isolation and integrated systems in the past, are trying to be integrated with the city. From the newest currents in the education system, "work education" is showing the importance of being established with the city in this sense. The opening of certain social facilities for the use of the campus to the use of the city and similar inputs should be included in the analysis phase.
Design Process Suggestions 
-	Sustainable Design; It is deemed necessary for schools to be designed with a sustainable and timeless architectural language in the cause of their decisive role in urban space. (Perkins, Bordwell, 2010) Although the initial investment costs are high with implementation methods, holistic planning should be done considering long term savings in operating costs.
-	Adaptation to the Natural Environment For the land use, the pattern should be established between the artificial environment created by the architect and the natural systems for the continuity of life. The relationship established with the natural environment will affect the effectiveness and success of education given positively beyond providing numerous benefits for young individuals.
-	Design elements should be used to strengthen the sense of ownership of the students. Designated areas for students, self-organizing classes, furniture designed according to age group, and designable areas that can reflect their own identity should be included in the design. (RIBA, 2016) 
-	Flexible space creation. A simple and simple architectural design language should not be dependent on mechanical designs. Increasingly changing and evolving needs differentiated education systems, possible sudden increases in student numbers, technological innovations are increasing the importance of using modular and removable reusable systems in education
In principle, an architectural project competition should be held in order to implement the most accurate project in the Development Process. 
The design of the architectural project developer with the competition process will ensure that the project will maintain the values of neutrality, integrity, compliance with ethics and transparency, as well as the formation of a project data pool designed by internationally recognized standards by respectable architectural groups.
The project decisions that are deemed necessary for the uninterrupted execution of the project process should be managed by a professional team.
The architectural artificial environment created by the combination of educational structures, imagination and technical knowledge; it must be a combination of abstract and concrete values such as ecological, technological, social, political, moral and aesthetic.
Education should be designed in a system of thought that establishes a rational balance between the environment, the economy and society, covering present and future generations.