Yerel yönetimlerde kent bilgi sisteminin planlama çalışmalarında kullanımı: Küçükçekmece belediyesi örneği
Using urban information systems in local government for planning studies: Küçükçekmece municipality
Yazar: EDA SUNAR ÖZTÜRK
Danışman: PROF. DR. HALE ÇIRACI
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Ana Bilim Dalı / Şehir Planlama Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2014
Konu: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning

Özet:
Kırsaldan kente göçlerin fazlalaşmasıyla birlikte, kent nüfusu hızla artmakta, bu artışla birlikte kentsel alanlarda alt yapı, barınma, istihdam, eğitim, sağlık, donatı gibi sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu sorunların çözümü, daha kaliteli yaşam standardı sunan kentler oluşturmak ve kent yönetimi daha karmaşık ve zor bir hal almaktadır. Kent yöneticileri kent yönetiminde, sorunların çözümünde ve ihtiyaçların karşılanmasında kararlar alırken çok çeşitli, farklı formatlarda ve miktarı çok fazla olan veri ve bilgi ile çalışmak zorundadırlar. 
Sağlıklı yaşam alanlarının oluşturulması, kentin ve kentlinin ihtiyaçlarının tam, hızlı ve zamanında karşılanması, geleceğe yönelik yapılacak yatırım ve planların uygulanabilir düzeyde olması yerel yönetimlerin başlıca sorumluluklarındandır. Sağlıklı kentsel çevrelerin oluşturulması, geleceğe yönelik sosyal, iktisadi ve mekansal gelişmelerin planlı olarak sağlanması planlama disiplinin hedeflerini oluşturmaktadır.   
Kente ait kentli bilgilerinin ve grafik verilerin birarada, birbiri ile ilişkilendirilmiş, her türlü sorgu ve analize imkan veren, güncellenebilen, depolanabilen bir veri tabanında tutulduğu bilgi sistemleri olan Kent Bilgi Sistemleri kullanımı, karmaşık kent yönetiminde karar vericiler için oldukça hızlı, sağlıklı, güvenilir bir yöntemdir. 
Çağdaş yaşam koşullarına sahip, sağlıklı, yaşanabilir, ekolojik dengenin korunduğu yaşam alanları oluşturmakla yükümlü şehir plancıları ile kent ve kentliye dair her tür bilgiye sahip olmak ve bu bilgiyi denetim altında tutmak, kent ve kentlinin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak ve problemlerini çözmekle yükümlü yerel yöneticilerin yaptıkları çalışmalarda, alacakları kararlarda çok farklı formatta, çok fazla miktarda ve karmaşık verileri birarada değerlendirmek durumundadırlar. İşte bu noktada, günümüz hızla gelişen teknolojisinin karar vericilere sunmuş olduğu bilgi sistemleri imkanının yerel yönetim bazında uygulaması olan Kent Bilgi Sistemleri yerel yönetimlerde karar vericilere ve yerel yönetimlerde yapılan planlama çalışmalarında şehir plancılarına büyük kolaylıklar sağlamaktadır. Çünkü KBS, kent ve kentli sorunlarını tespit etmek, bu sorunların hızlıca çözüme kavuşması için önlemler almak, kent gelişimi adına kararlar almak için kent ve kentliye ait değerlendirilmesi gereken yoğun ve karmaşık bilgiye doğru, güncel ve hızlı erişme imkanı sunmaktadır
Bu çalışma ile, Kent Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS/KBS) tanımları, uygulama alanları, sunduğu olanaklar, yerel yönetimlerde kullanımı ve yerel yönetimlerde gerçekleştirilen planlama çalışmalarına sağladığı kolaylıklar, KBS'nin dünya ve Türkiye örnekleri anlatılacak, uygulama alanı olarak da Küçükçekmece Belediyesi Örneği incelenecektir. Küçükçekmece Belediyesi'nde kurulmuş olan Kent Bilgi Sistemi projesi gözden geçirilerek, uygulamada belediyede yürütülen planlama çalışmalarına KBS'nin etkisi, sağladığı kolaylıklar, uygulanabilirliği, karşılaşılan problemler ve projenin başarısı irdelenecektir.

Abstract:
In conjunction with the increase of migration from rural areas to cities, population of urban areas increase rapidly which in return reveal many problems such as infrastructural problems, housing, employment, educational problems and health problems. Resolving of these problems, establishing cities with higher quality of living and urban governance become more difficult and sophisticated, thereafter. Urban governors must work with wide variety of data and information that are in different formats and a goodly amount while making decisions in the course of resolving problems and satisfying needs. 
Urbanization that emerged in parallel with industry growth in the world affected our country as well, which in return resulted in the emergence of migration from rural areas to cities as from 1950's and continued existence nowadays. Although distribution of population in 1927, at our country was 75,8% and 24,2% respectively in rural areas and urban areas, today these percentages turned the opposite way round. As of 2011, population distribution of Turkey is 23.2 % in rural areas and 76.8% in urban areas. In conjunction with increasing population continually every day and fast urbanization correspondingly, numerous problems in urban life arised inevitably. Infrastructural deficiencies, squattering, environmental population, housing problems, employment and any other problems appear in many respects and the necessity of untangling these problems made urban governance difficult and sophisticated. 
Main responsibility of municipalities are establishing healthy living areas, satisfying the needs of cities and citizens fully, rapidly and on time, assuring that prospective investments and plans are applicable. Establishing healthy living areas, providing social, economical and environmental development plans with prudential thinking constitute the objectives of the planning discipline. 
Urban information systems which enable to gather informations regarding cities and graphical data together, associate them and provide all sorts of investigation and analysis as well as updating them, are rapid, healthy and safe methods for decisionmakers in sophisticated urban governance. 
Rapid developments arise around the world in many areas including technological, economical, political, social and ecological areas, in line with the globalization that emerged in 21th century. Especially technological developments that are effective in all over the world,  brought about many different alternatives to traditional methods and habits. In modern societies that are named as information societies, plenty of problems which are impossible to be fixed with traditional methods, are solved via technology rapidly and safely. 
Municipalities which are main actors of urban governance, search for novitious methods due to urbanization problems arised because of rapid urbanization. In municipalities that are faced with intense, sophisticated and dense data, managers and decision makers should govern this knowledge. City planners -who are liable to create living areas that are having contemporary living conditions, healthy, habitable and ensuring ecological balance-, together with the governors of municipalities -who are liable to have any information regarding cities and citizens, control this information, satisfy needs of cities and citizens and solve problems- need to evaluate plenty of data which are in different formats, sophisticated and a goodly amount while making decisions and working.
At this point, Urban Information Systems (UIS) which are application field of information systems that rapidly developing technology provided to the decision makers nowadays, provide convenience to decision makers in municipalities and planning practices of city planners in municipalities. Urban Information Systems enable to determine the problems of cities and citizens, take necessary cautions in order to resolve these problems rapidly and reach sophisticated and dense data precisely, updated and rapidly which is concerning city and the citizens, which in return required to be evaluated in order to make decisions regarding the city development. 
Nevertheless, in order to utilize Urban Information Systems in an optimal manner, Urban Information Systems project composed of data, software, hardware and people must be built decently and it must have software features that enable to satisfy needs. Although such a project has high set up cost, in case of well establishment, high return on investment will be achieved shortly as it will enable austerity on labor and cost. However, in case of weak set up together with failure on data update and ineffective utilization will result in crucial economical loss as it has high set up cost. 
Nowadays with the incredible development of technology, taking the advantage of information systems in municipalities become virtually inevitable. Utilization of Urban Information Systems which are a practice of geographical information systems on the basis of cities is preferred by many municipalities from now on in order to achieve healthy planning practices, considering Urban Information Systems competencies on; taking correct, healthy and sustainable decisions, realization of services on time and completely while maintaining customer satisfaction, evaluation of all correct and updated data regarding cities and their control, ensuring contemporary and modern living conditions with the involvement of citizens and having high level of living standards and preservation of nature, historical and cultural values and ecological balance.  
In an effort to make usage of Urban Information Systems widespread and realization of the projects accurately with maximum performance, Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning must get neccesary actions and decisions and implement them, by means of determining  needs of all parties involved in the process as listed hereafter but not limited to; universities, chambers, software companies and municipalities with the intention of all parties to come together frequently to establish an Urban Information Systems project and maintain it's effective operation, training of qualified personnel, user friendly and easy adapted softwares, standardization of data, healthy execution of data transfer between corporations, provision of sufficient announcements and information in order to maintain involvement of citizens. 
This study will elaborate definitions of urban information systems, scope of application, opportunities that are provided, uses in municipalities and easiness that they bring to planning studies in municipalities, illustrations from world and Turkey, followed with a deep consideration on these studies in Küçükçekmece Municipality. Urban Information System established in Küçükçekmece Municipality will be examined and how Urban Information System effects planning studies of the municipality, easements that it provides, feasibility, problems that are faced and the success of the project will be investigated thereafter. This study also aims to examine how municipalities utilize urban information systems in order to provide citizens habitable environments with higher quality and sustainability of these environments and demonstrate how these practices implemented in Küçükçekmece Municipality.