Van bölgesinde kadınların cinsel bilgi tutum ve davranışlarının araştırılması
Knowledge, attitude and behaviour of women about sex the region of van
Yazar: DİLEK KUŞASLAN AVCI
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. HÜSEYİN AVNİ ŞAHİN
Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi / Tıp Fakültesi / Aile Hekimliği Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Tıpta Uzmanlık, 2008
Konu: Aile Hekimliği = Family Medicine

Özet:
Amaç: Bu çalışma bu bölgede yaşayan bayanların cinsellikle ve üreme sağlığıyla ilgili algılayışlarını, tutumlarını, bilgilerini, deneyimlerini saptamak, cinsellik ve üremeyle ilgili tutum ve davranışların temelindeki sosyokültürel faktörleri tanımlamak, cinsellik ve üreme sağlığına ilişkin bilgi, eğitim ve iletişim gereksinimlerini saptamak, üreme sağlığı ve aile planlaması hizmetlerinden yararlanma düzeyini ve bu hizmetlerle ilgili beklentilerini saptamak amacıyla yapıldı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 258 kişi dahil edildi ancak 153 bayan ankete katılmayı kabul ederek soruları yanıtladı. Bu kişiler, Van YYU Hastanesinde çalışanlar, hastaneye başvuran hastalar ve hasta yakınlarından random seçilerek oluşturuldu. Katılımcılara menstruasyon, aile planlaması, cinsel eğitim, cinsel sorunlar ve çözüm arayışları ile ilgili sorular soruldu.Bulgular: Bu çalışmada ilk adet yaşı 13,7 yıl bulunurken %10,5 'i ilk adet olduğunda adetle ilgili hiçbir bilgisi olmadığını, %22,2 'si ilk adet olduğunda korktuğunu ve endişelendiğini, %81'i ise okullarda cinsel eğitimin verilmesi gerektiğini belirtti.Bu çalışmada katılımcıların ortalama ilk cinsel ilişki yaşı 21,61, tam olmayan (yani öpme ve dokunmadan ibaret) ilişki yaşı ortalama 19,39 tespit edildi. Toplam korunanların oranı % 75,2 olarak bulundu. Okuma yazma bilmeyen evli bayanlarda herhangi bir aile planlaması kullanma oranı %36,3, modern aile planlaması yöntemi kullanım oranı %27,2 bulundu.Evli bayanların %80'i eşiyle cinsel ilişkide problemi olduğunu ifade ederken %9,9 `u kendini cinsel ilişkiye girmeye zorunlu hissettiğini, %9,9'u ise zorla ilişkiye girme, eşi tarafından tecavüz ve cinsel şiddete maruz kaldığını belirtti.Sonuç: Bu bölgede menstruasyon fizyolojisi ile ilgili bilgi düzeyi ve bu konuda bayanların önceden bilgilendirilmesi son derece kısıtlıdır. Genç kızlarımız genel olarak ilk adet olduklarında korkmakta ve endişelenmektedirler. Cinselliğin aile içerisinde konuşulabilmesi için ebeveynlere gerekli eğitimlerin verilmesi için çalışmalar yapılmalıdır. Cinsellikle ilgili olarak okullarda eğitim verilmesi istenmektedir. Cinsel ilişkiye başlayan gençlerin sağlık hizmeti sunan kuruluşlar konusunda bilgilendirilmeye gereksinimleri vardır. Aile planlaması uygulama ve cinsel yolla bulaşan hastalıklar hakkında bilginin yetersiz olduğu görülmüştür.

Abstract:
Sexual health is one of the most important topic for general health ,which concern the the society.Corrupting of sexual health does not only conclude with lack of physical health but also breaking down of psychological health,family health and social health are in question both for male and female.Each sexual matter is so speacial and important for persons.Sexual ignorance is quite widespreaded in our country independently from education level.Behaviours such as feeling ashamed, hasitating and disguising which are some part of established sexual perceptiveness,are getting difficult to get help and to reach appropriate source.Families keep on their attitudes about sexuality that are prohibition and shame and theyprefer not to speak about this sexual topics.Sexual discriminating,social values and cultural configurations are first factors that effect societiy?s beliefs and attitudes about sexual and reproduction health.Intention: this study aimed to ; establish perceptin,attitude,knowledge and experience of women living in this region about sexual relation and reproduction health and to define main social cultural factors that effect attitudes and behaviours to sexual and reproduction.In addition to these it is aimed to define needs for knowledge,education and communication of sexual and reproduction health and also to define level of benifite from cares for reproduction health and family planning and to learn society?s expectations from these cares.Equipments and method: this study was going to include 258 women but only 153 women eccepted the questionnaire and replied the questions.these persons were randomly chosen in Van Y.Y.U hospital staff,patients come to hospital and their relatives.Participants are asked queations about menstruation,family planning,sexual edeucatin,sexual metters andAre asked necessary solutions.Finding: First women period age was defined as 13,7 . While % 10,5 of them expressed that they have no knowledge about first women period % 22,8 of them expressed that they have less knowledge about topic. % 22,2 of participanst stated they were frightened and were anxious in first woman period. % 30.7 of them expressed they have knowledge about period.Despite this knowledge it was learned that % 4 of these participants are were frightened and anxious about first time period.The rate of women in this study who wants to speak about sexual education to their childeren is fixed as % 85 . This major % 46,9 of participant stated that they get help from their friends about sexual metters. And % 45 of them obtain sexual knowledge from sources such as books,magazines,tv,news paper,radio and internet. While % 1,4 of participants get sexual education from schools % 81 of them Express that sexual education should be taught at schools.In this study average first sexual relationship experience age of participants was found as 21 , 61.( minimum was 12 and maximum was 35 ).The age of sexual relation which is just kissing and touching was found 19,39 ( minimum 12 and maximum 30). While % 11,4 (12)of participants take contraception pills, %21 (22) use condom, %12,4 (13) use spiral, %20(20) use withdraw technique, , %1 (1) use implanon , %3,8 (4) use tubal ligation to protect theirselves on the other hand %24,8 (26) of participants stated that they use no sexual relationship protection method.The rate of sexual relationship protection was found % 75,2.The rate of using any family planning method was found %36,3, between married women who can not read ang write and using of modern family planning method rate was found as %27,2 .% 80 of married women stated that they have sexual metters with their partner. %9,9 of participants of this study determined that they feel sexual relation as an obligatory and , %9,9of them are being agressioned and come acros with sexual violatin by their husbands.%83,9 participants of this study determined that they could speak to their husbands about sexual metters.It was found that the ability of speaking to their husbands about sexual metters was related to age, educational level, social and economical stuation,marridge period and people who they live with.According to married participants statements, %63,8 of spouses speak to their partner about sexual metters. %7,6 of them dont want to speak about such topics,and ,%10,5 of participants abstain from speaking about sexual metters.It is found in this study that ; the positive reaction of spouses to speak about sexual metters is up to tehirgood or average social economic level,age ( 21-50), marridge period ( less than 30 years),and not living of any other persons in house except for children . In this study a significant relationship was found between sexual frequency level in first five years and education level and socio economical stuation.Up to this findings the frequency of sexual relationship of educated women and who has a good socio-economic stuation, in first five years was higher than of uneducated women.%73,3 of participant of our study stated that they are avare of illnesses which are infected through sexual relationship.Conclusion : Knowledge of physical mesruation period and informing of women in advance in this region is quite restricted.In general young girls are frightened and are anxious in their first menstruation period.they need to be informed and educated before their first menstruation period. Parents need to be educated to get ability of speaking sexuality between family members.It is demanded to educate community about sexuality in schools.Youth who just started to have sexual relationship needs to be introduced associations which serve sexual care.In conclusion it is seen that the knowledge about sexual relationship,family planning and illnesses that infected through sexual relationship, is restricted.