İbn Sînâ, Gazzâlî ve İbn Rüşd'de eskatoloji
Eschatology in Avicenna, Al-Ghazâlî and averroes
Yazar: AHMET ÇAPKU
Danışman: PROF.DR. H. BEKİR KARLIĞA
Marmara Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / İlahiyat Ana Bilim Dalı / İslam Felsefesi Bilim Dalı
Derece: Doktora, 2007
Konu: Din = Religion ; Felsefe = Philosophy ; Tarih = History

Özet:
Nefsin mahiyeti, ölüm ve ölüm ötesi konusu öteden beri, !uur ta!yan her insanyakndan ilgilendirmi!tir. Bu açdan konu ilahî ve be!eri dinlerden felsefî dü!üncelere vebilimsel çal!malara kadar uzanan yelpazede tart!lm!tr.Bu çal!mada slam dü!ünce tarihinin en önde gelen simalarndan bn Sînâ, Gazzâlîve bn Rü!d'ün konuya bak!larele alnm!tr. Tehâfüt tart!malarnn yirminci meselesi olanahiret ve dirili! meselesi, ahiret hayatnn nasllproblemi adgeçen dü!ünürlerinmetinlerinden hareketle incelenmeye çal!lm!tr.Adgeçen dü!ünürler nefsi, ölümsüz bir cevher olarak görüp nefs teorisindenhareketle ahiret hayatntemellendirmeye çal!rlar. Dü!ünürlerimize göre insan, aklyla bazçkarmlar yapsa da metafizik bir âlem olan öte dünya hakknda en salklbilgiyi vahyinvereceinde ittifak ederler.

Abstract:
The essence of the soul, death, life after death and similar issues have been importantfor conscious people throughout ages. In this regard, they are discussed in many contexts andby different people, such as divinely revealed religions as well as humanly instituted religions,philosophers and men of science.In this study, I discussed Avicenna?s, al-Ghazâlî?s and Averroes? positions, who areconsidered representative of Islamic intellectual history. The issue of the hereafter andresurrection after death, which is the twentieth question in the Tahâfut debates, are examinedbased on the texts by these thinkers. The question my discussion turned around is the natureof the life after death.These thinkers consider human soul as an immortal substance, and try to argue forthe life after death on the basis of their theory of soul. They all agree that although humanintellect may carry out some reasoning concerning life after death, it is the revelation that givereliable knowledge concerning the hereafter, which lies in the realm of metaphysics.Nevertheless, they disagree about the interpretation of the religious texts taught by theprophet. In this regard, while Avicenna argues for the individual-spiritual life in the hereafter,al-Ghazâlî and Averroes think that the immortal soul shall receive a new body meant for thelife in the hereafter after the cosmic destruction at the doomsday. Thus they agree as far as theexistence of the life after death is concerned, but they disagree as far as the nature of this lifeis concerned. Each of them constructs his theory of ethics, designed to achieve happiness inthis world and also in the hereafter, on the basis of their theory of human soul explaining howtheoretical and practical virtues can be attained. They advise practice of justice, which is the`golden middle? bringing together wisdom, chivalry and chastity. Our thinkers, point out theimportance of life after death in order for people, living in society, to upheld and implementmorals and justice.