Yolculuk izinde birey-mekan karşılaşmaları
Individual-place encounterings through travels
Yazar: CANSU TOLUNAY
Danışman: YRD. DOÇ. DR. HÜSEYİN KAHVECİOĞLU
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Mimari Tasarım Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2011
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture
Dizin: Hareket = Motion

Özet:
Teknolojik gelişmeler ve küreselleşmenin etkileriyle mekan düşüncesi birey için değişmektedir. Teknoloji mesafeler arası süreyi azaltıp algıda yerleri birbirine yaklaştırırken, küreselleşme küre üzerinde birleşme fikrini oluşturup yerlerin aynılaşması soru işaretini doğurur. Küresel hareketin genelleşmesi, konforlaşması, hızlanması yolculukların da artışı anlamına gelir. Yolculuk süresinde bireyin karşılaştığı yolculuk mekanları Marc Auge'un yok-mekan tanımının içindedir. Bu tezde yok-mekan kavramını karşılayan yolculuk mekanları üzerinden mekan kavramının ve birey üzerindeki etkilerinin araştırılması hedeflendi.Yolculuk, bireysel olarak deneyimlenen bir hareket olup şeklini yolcunun hedefi, olanakları ve seçimi belirler. Fiziksel hareket bağlamında; yurt içinde şehirler arası yolculuklarda bireyin kendi ülkesi ve kendi kültürü ile karşılaşırken edindiği mekan deneyimleri ile ülkeler arası yolculuk yapan bireyin iki ülke arasında teğet geçtiği mekan deneyimleri farklıdır. Bireyin algısı bağlamında, bireysel yolculuklardaki karşılaşmalar ile gündelik yaşam rutininden kaçmak için çıkılan paket tur tatilindeki karşılaşmalar birbirinden ayrıdır. Bu kavramları deneyimlemek amacıyla 5 farklı yolculuk tipi seçilerek (otomobil ile Bursa - Antalya, otobüs ile İstanbul - Bursa, feribot ile Bursa - İstanbul, tren ile İstanbul - Eskişehir, uçak ile İstanbul - New York ve bir paket tur programı), bu yolculuklarda karşılaşılan mekanlar ve birey üzerindeki etkileri gözlemlendi.Bireysel yolculuklardan oluşan ikinci bölümde yolculuğun etkilerinin doğru iletilmesi adına doğal ve akıcı bir dil ve anlatım şekli kullanıldı. Araştırma, ikinci bölümde incelenen öznel deneyimlerden üçüncü bölümde genel varsayımlara vararak ilerledi. Yolculuk tanımından yola çıkılarak belirlenen başlıklarda; hareket, birey, mekan yolculuk bağlamında incelenerek bu kavramların birbirlerine etkileri sorgulandı. Dördüncü bölümde, hareketin önemli bir rol oynadığı ve mekanı değiştirdiği göz önünde bulundurularak, gelecek senaryoları incelendi ve `yeni mekan' kavramı tartışıldı.

Abstract:
Technological developments and globalization have changed the `idea? of place. Technology causes a perceptual superposing of places by removing distances and time constraints. Globalization, on the other hand, brings about the question of dedifferentiation by creating a concept of integration in the world, which is now called a `global village?. Generalization, comfort and speed of global movement have increased the dimension of travels all around the world. Places encountered by travelers while travelling fall under Auge?s definition of non-places. The aim of this thesis is first to discuss the definition of place and then to elaborate upon its effects on individuals through travels and perception of non-places by means of research on `non? aspect of non-places and determination of triggers and structural elements of non-places.Travelling is an individually experienced motion that finds its shape by the travelers? goals, opportunities and preferences. Considering physical motion, places are perceived differently in intercity travels, in which an individual encounters with his own culture than international travels, in which individuals have a slight touch upon traveled countries. In terms of perception, encounterings during a self-organized travel, in which individuals define their own boundaries, are contrary to the ones in mass tourism, in which individuals are required to act in pre-defined boundaries.For the purpose of this thesis, travel experiences, which pave the way for collection of living data, personal and general inference, overlapping of non-places, have been investigated. Five different types of travel are chosen so that all possible variables are taken into account. During these travels, encountered places and their effects on individuals are observed and evaluated. The second part of the thesis is composed of these observations and evaluations, which are written in an informal, narrative style to reflect all the reality.First of all, a comprehensive analysis of an automobile ride from Bursa to Antalya has been made. Then, bus travel experience, as another type of road transport, has been described so as to tell the difference between travelling by private car and mass transport. In order to provide better insight to all types of transport, a ferry ride from Bursa to Istanbul has been touched upon. A train trip from Istanbul to Eskişehir has been taken up so that train stations and trains, themselves, are analyzed within the concepts set forth in this thesis. A flight from Istanbul to New York has also been added both for its importance as a type of air travel and its? being an international travel, which differentiates it from the aforementioned travel experiences. And last but not least, a mass tourism program from Istanbul to St. Petersburg and Moscow has been analyzed so that differences between self-organized trips and mass tourism programs are set forth. All of these travels have been scrutinized in a way that they all serve the purpose of catching a glimpse of individual-place encountering.The third part involves the evaluation of the observations and the idea of travelling through literature. A definition of travel, which also forms the basis of the third part, is made to go into further details of travelling. Travelling is, first and foremost, a movement, movement of an individual from one place to another with or without a vehicle. Therefore, movement, individual, place and vehicles constitute the fundamental parts of this third part.Under the title of movement, the following movement-oriented approaches developed in different disciplines, which are also correlated with travelling as a part of this thesis, are put forward: Taylorism and Fordism from economics, biomechanics from acting and still image from photography. The parts on individual and place cover the effects on how places are perceived by individuals during their travels from the perspectives of time and type of movement. Since these four fundamental elements, namely movement, individual, place and vehicles, have become more prominent as explained above, they may have such a strong impact that they may result in a re-definition of place, new maps and subjective perceptions of geographical borders and time zones.The fourth part questions existence of ?new place?. In this part the focus is on the transformation of the definition of ?place? through future scenarios of the past and present time. However, the aforementioned scenarios and what is meant by `place? in the thesis have shown that a definition of `new place? may not be possible because a place is produced with all related dynamics.Finally, it is concluded that while movement adjusts to the already existing places, is embodied in current life styles, time and place start to be shaped by movement. As individuals move faster, existing places are deactivated and new places, which will keep up with the speed of movement, are arranged. Thus, the output is non-places, which can not be personalized but are in harmony with global movement.