Sit alanını koruma politikası için bir model denemesi, örnekleme:Odunpazarı
The Development of model for the conservation policy on the historic sites. Sample:Odunpazarı
Yazar: ALİ ULU
Danışman: PROF. HANDE SUHER
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 1994
Konu: Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning
Dizin: Eskişehir-Odunpazarı = Eskişehir-Odunpazarı ; Kentsel koruma alanları = Urban conservation areas ; Koruma alanları = Conservation areas

Özet:
İn Odunpazan historical site, 226 occupants have been questionaired. In all site, there have been 144 & official registered buildings, 62 of them hav only been questionaried. Chapter 5 is the conclusion and proposition of relavance of the conservation and preservation decisions. In this chapter specific information was obtained trough a questionnaire from households who have been living in such preservation and conservation areas. Ministry of culture in Turkey are infact responsible for decision making but also, the municipalities are actual responsible for implementing of urban conservation. But, the municipalities lack the essential tools, resources and policies and they are faced with giave problems of urban development. The conservation, preservation, modernization and restoration in historical sites must be considered on planning, organizations, programs, regulations, legislations, financial source, personnels and technique substructure as they are being implimented. In Eskişehir-Odunpazan historical site, the basic principles for the effective conservation are examed into 3 groups such as zone scale, zone and building scale, and building scale. ?to Historic houses are values which can not be created again once they are demolished. Also they are important housing stock and cultural heritage for a country which has restricted resources like Turkey. For these ressons, historic houses must be conserved in an efficient way. There is a need for a new approach in which the costs of conservation are redistributed among the various groups in society. Also, in that approach, the goverment must intervene effectively, because with only owners' in clination and abilities, conservation is generally impossible or deviated. In this respect, the goverment will provide and support to the owners of the traditional houses as follows; - by providing technical aid - by providing financial aid - by rehabilitating the historic sites. Technical aid contains providing material, technical staff, planning and control in conservation works. These aids can be provided by an authorized group in local goverments. Financial aid contains some credits opportunities. The regulation named "Özel ve Tüzel Kişi Mülkiyetinde Bulunan Taşınmaz Eserlerin Onarımı için Yapılacak Ayni- Nakdi Yardım" must be adopted and the fund must be given to the owners. -xu-

Abstract:
SUMMARY THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODEL FOR THE CONSERVATION POLICY ON7 THE HISTORIC SITES. Sample: ODUNPAZARI The aim of this study is to examine and develop'H model for the conservation policy on the historic sites \vithin urban areas. Example of historic site is Odunpazan in Eskişehir. As such this study is not attempı to search for solution to problems of urban conservation but rather it seeks to examine and define the meaning of the concept and scope of preservation and conservation, and to investigate the evolution of the approach to historical preservation and the present stage reached in Turkey. in our country, every historical sites has problems and characteristics of its own. Each site has different historical background, geographical condition, socio- economical structure and conservation problems resulted from these problems and characteristics. therefore a case study on a historical site would not include ali the problems and chaıacteristics of ali the historical sites in genaral. The only common point among ali the historical sites is the facı that they are in a spontaneous deveîopment without the state intervention. in these sense, the purpose is to observe a conservation process which is tried to realize with restrictive regulations in a slecied case. The research has been done in fıve steps: Chapter l is the explation of general purpose. The basic aim of this study is to develop ne\v policies for the conservation of the historical environment and to design a model which is multifaced in terms of legal, administrative and planning dimensions. Scope of the study is limited to immovable cultural heritage. as the proposed model in volues the deveîopment of policies at the scale of Odunpazan settlement, the approaches pertaining to these areas are gien in general terms. The conservation of the natural and historical environment is a whole. But, as there is not a general policy of conservation in Turkey and a result of the haphazard nature of the documentation activities, the conservation efforts reflect themself in construction bans and implementation controls. -ix-Chapter 2 is the defınation of the values to be preserved, the concept of urban conservation and preservation which varies according to characteristics. i.e. protection, restoration, modernization, recontruetion, reconstitution, reproduction, replicatien and conservation of the character of the environment by specifying and enforcing the modüle, ıhe scale, the building materials of new developments. The object being conserved may be defined as buildings, sites on ör under the ground ör \vater ör any other object having historical, scienüfic, cultural, religious artictic significance. But this study is îimited in scope to properties and buildings and building parts of architectural significance. Chnpîer 3 is discussion of the beginning and evolution of the approach to conservation and from the ottoman period up until the modern times. The aim of the chapter is to describe the policies of the conservation in our country. The approach to conservation and preservation during the times of ottoman had been based on moslem canonical jurisprudence rules and decrees. During the second part of the 191" Century first legislation on conservation of historicaî building, parts, monuments and environments ranges from the historical to urban scales. After that, the planning and implimentation of the conservation of historical sites in Turkey is studied in thes chapter. in Turkey, various formal and inforınal instııtitions responsible for various aspects of urban conservation. Some of these institutions are; -Minisîry of Culture (General Directorate of the Historical Monuments and Museums of ıhe Ministry of Culture) Ministry of Reconstructionand Resetlement -Minisîr>' of Tourism and Information Ministry of forestry -General Directorate of Foundations -General Direcıorate of National Palace Mıınicipalities -Province Ministry of Environment General Directorate of National Irrigation Works Ministn,' of National Defense -Ministry of Foundations Council of National Planning Professional Association in addition to ali of these, there are some informal instutitions which are related with the environment conservation and policies. -x-Although the legal aspect of conservation planning exhibit variations from contry to country it is observed that the common aspect is that the conservation laws comprise a framevvork for the activity and leave the actual implementation to specific regulations. in the laws where the institutional framevvork is also specified, the relations betvveen the local and cenrral goverment are also described in detail. in Turkeys, there is the zoning Law Numberede 3194 that includes conservation planning and law for the Conservation of Cultural and Natural Property, Numbered 2863 and 3386 which include the specification ofthe organizational structure that is responsible for the determination and conservation of cultural and historical property. in this sense, another aim is to research the financial policy for conservation in the country. in our country provisions for the economic aspect of conservation are also covered. The specific funds for the fınancing of such activities final out. The privet sector and house ovvners supported financially by means of loans with low interest rates. Chapter 4 is evoluation the conservation process in Eskişehir-Odunpazan historical site in the light ofthe scope research. The reasons why Odunpazarı \vas selected as the case are as follows; the destruction of historical values was not wide spread, the conservation potential of the settlement should also be taken into consideration. This historic site had not been researched sufficiently until up today. Occupants seek to conservate and protect their environment \vithout changing characters. The survey hasbeen done in t\vo steps. l)The first study done for getting information about the conditions of îhe registered buildings is observing 144 buildings extemally. The aim of this study as an pre-observation is to prepare a basis for a detailed study and to give some idea about the scope and nature of the problem. 2)Appling questionnaires to the devellers (226 hous hold) is the second step of the sıırveys (January 1994). The questionnaire have been grouped in to three section (See Ek B). The first section questionnaires were about develler identity. The questions gave us informations such as, sex, age, education, job, wages, household, birth place, ext. The second type questionaires were about buildings and environment. The third type questionaires were about the conservation of historical site the questions have been directed to the considerations about conservation and future use of the houses. The aim is not only to use the information göt from the questionaries in the analysis of "spontaneous conservation" in Odunpazarı but also to use them in producing some decisions about future and in introducing proposals for a more effıcient conservation of these buildings and environment. -xi-İn Odunpazan historical site, 226 occupants have been questionaired. In all site, there have been 144 & official registered buildings, 62 of them hav only been questionaried. Chapter 5 is the conclusion and proposition of relavance of the conservation and preservation decisions. In this chapter specific information was obtained trough a questionnaire from households who have been living in such preservation and conservation areas. Ministry of culture in Turkey are infact responsible for decision making but also, the municipalities are actual responsible for implementing of urban conservation. But, the municipalities lack the essential tools, resources and policies and they are faced with giave problems of urban development. The conservation, preservation, modernization and restoration in historical sites must be considered on planning, organizations, programs, regulations, legislations, financial source, personnels and technique substructure as they are being implimented. In Eskişehir-Odunpazan historical site, the basic principles for the effective conservation are examed into 3 groups such as zone scale, zone and building scale, and building scale. ?to Historic houses are values which can not be created again once they are demolished. Also they are important housing stock and cultural heritage for a country which has restricted resources like Turkey. For these ressons, historic houses must be conserved in an efficient way. There is a need for a new approach in which the costs of conservation are redistributed among the various groups in society. Also, in that approach, the goverment must intervene effectively, because with only owners' in clination and abilities, conservation is generally impossible or deviated. In this respect, the goverment will provide and support to the owners of the traditional houses as follows; - by providing technical aid - by providing financial aid - by rehabilitating the historic sites. Technical aid contains providing material, technical staff, planning and control in conservation works. These aids can be provided by an authorized group in local goverments. Financial aid contains some credits opportunities. The regulation named "Özel ve Tüzel Kişi Mülkiyetinde Bulunan Taşınmaz Eserlerin Onarımı için Yapılacak Ayni- Nakdi Yardım" must be adopted and the fund must be given to the owners. -xu-This type of studies must be made for other historic towns of Turkeys, having different characteristics of demand, as well as different types of structures to be preserved. Because, conservation and preservation decision in Turkey have not reached a stage for effective implementation. Only then we may have sufficient knowledge to advance general conclusion and policies for the conservation planning in Turkey. -xni-