Web tabanlı GPS/GNSS proje veri yönetim sistemi tasarımı ve uygulaması
Development and application of web based GPS/GNSS poject data management system
Yazar: DENİZ BAŞAR
Danışman: PROF. DR. RAHMİ NURHAN ÇELİK
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Geomatik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı / Geomatik Mühendisliği Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2014
Konu: Jeodezi ve Fotogrametri = Geodesy and Photogrammetry

Özet:
Levha hareketlerinden biri olan levhaların uzaklaşması durumu sonucunda Atlantik okyanusunda oluşan okyanus sırtlarının yayılması ile Afrika ve Arabistan levhaları kuzey-kuzeydoğu yönünde itilmektedir. Arabistan levhasının kuzeye doğru itilmesi, Avrasya levhasının altına dalmasıyla sonuçlanmaktadır. İki kıtasal levhanın çarpışma alanında bulunan ülkemizin doğusunda kıta kabuğu kalınlaşmış ve hala kalınlaşmaya devam etmektedir. Arabistan levhasının kuzeye doğru ilerlemesi sonucu anadolu levhası batıya doğru hareket etmeye başlamıştır (URI-1).
Türkiye ve çevresinde tektonik hareketler nedeniyle oluşan deformasyon ve depremsellik nokta koordinatlarında zamana bağlı değişimler meydana getirmektedir. Bu değişimlerin tespit edilebilmesi ve Türkiye Ulusal Temel GPS Ağı koordinatlarının güncellenebilmesi için mevcut istasyonlarda tekrar gözlem yapılması ve gerekli görülecek yerlerde yeni tesis edilecek istasyonlarla mevcut ağın sıklaştırılması gerekebilmektedir.
Tasarım aşamasında olan Alıcını Al Gel Ölçü Zamanı (ALAGÖZ) Projesi ile Türkiye genelinde Küresel Uydu Seyrüsefer Sistemi (Global Navigational Satellite System-GNSS) ya da Küresel Konumlama Sistemi (Global Positioning System-GPS) ölçüsü yapılarak Türkiyenin jeodezik altyapısındaki sorunlara çözüm üretilmesi ve ülke tektoniğinin ortaya konulması amaçlanmaktadır. Proje kapsamında, mevcut olan ED50-ITRF ortak noktalarından ve TUSAGA-Aktif Projesi kapsamındaki noktalardan yararlanılması da planlanmaktadır (URI-2).
Tez çalışması kapsamında, ALAGÖZ Projesi katılımcılarının yapacağı GNSS gözlemleriyle elde edilecek Alıcıdan Bağımsız Değişim (RINEX) formatındaki verilerin değerlendirilmek üzere depolanması ve platform kullanıcıları arasında paylaşılabilmesinin sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla, ALAGÖZ Projesinde kullanılmak üzere bir veri yönetimi sistemi tasarlanmış ve site kullanıcılarının GPS/GNSS verilerini projenin ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda tasarlanan veritabanına web formları aracılığıyla, lokal sunucuda,  kaydedebilmesini sağlayan bir platform geliştirilmiştir .
Çalışma kapsamında geliştirilen platform için tasarlanan sistem mimarisi ile öncelikli olarak ALAGÖZ Projesinin ve proje katılımcılarının gereksinimleri tespit edilmiş, yazılımın geliştirileceği mimari desen bileşenleri belirlenmiş, tanımlanan sistem ana bileşenlerine uygun olarak veritabanı tablo yapıları ve web form yapıları tasarlanmıştır.
 Platform, paket program olan ve PHP, PostgreSQL - PostGIS ile Apache sanal sunucusunun kurulumunu hazır olarak sunan BITNAMI programında Laravel Framework'ü üzerinde geliştirilmiştir. 
Web yazılım için PHP, JS, Jquery dillerinden, tasarım için HTML, CSS dillerinden yararlanılmış, GNSS verisinin depolanması ve ilerleyen süreçlerde uygulamanın geliştirilmesi aşamasında yapılabilecek CBS analizleri için uygun bir zemin oluşturan PostgreSQL veritabanı kullanılmıştır ve PostGIS ile ilişkilendirilmiş.

Abstract:
Because of the fact that Turkey is situated between Europe, Asia and Africa continents,   it has been under the effect of crustal deformation for ages. The reason of Turkey being affected is that the plate tectonics resulting from large-scale motion of Earth's rigid outermost shell called lithosphere. Owing to the divergent tectonic plate causing Mid-Atlantic Ridge, African and Arabian plates have been moving northward. Hence, Arabian Plate have been colliding with Eurasian Plate. Therefore, Anatolian plate has been moving westward and rotating counterclockwise due to being pushed west by Arabian Plate, (URI-1).
The reasons such as seismicity and deformation resulting from plate tectonics in and around Turkey result in the changes of point coordinate in time. In order to detect these changes and update the coordinates of TUTGA (Turkish National Fundamental GPS Network), new settlements on the existing stations and densification of the existing network should be required.
Due to fulfill the requirement a project called as ALAGOZ has been designed.  In order to keep TUTGA coordinates up to date, to repeat the settlements on the existing stations and network densification, with ALAGOZ Project it is aimed that to plan GPS/GNSS campaigns all around the Turkey. Moreover, the project plan includes serving a platform on which project participants allowed to upload the GPS/GNSS data gathered from the field within the scope of the campaigns planned by the ALAGOZ Project managers. In the scope of the project, not only the newly established stations but also existing comman ED50-ITRFyy stations being used is foreseen. Besides, it is planed to satisfy the requirement of an active system that is going to store and manage the GNSS data gathered for different purposes such as academic, commercial and governmental works. 
In addition, it is a well known fact that there are more than 4000 receivers all around the Turkey. Therefore, in case of 4000 receiver's being used during the GNSS campaigns of the project point densificaiton is being estimated as 20km2 on the other hand,  in case of  2000 receiver's being used during the campaigns of the project point densification is being estimated as 40km2  (URL-2). 
In this study, in order to use in ALAGOZ Project, a web based data management system has been developed. The web application has been developed as a platform to serve ALAGOZ Projects requirements.This platform serve the projecet as letting the project's participants uploading, the GNSS data that they gathered from the field with GNSS observations, into the specifically created database with the form structures through the server. These observed GNSS data have a standard data format which is being called RINEX format. This format provides a standart data upload type and facilitates the data processing, and data sharing. 
In scope of this thesis project with the aim of creating the platform, a software system architecture has been planned first. According to being main step of system architecture, ALAGOZ Project's and the participant's requirements are determined. Afterward, architetural pattern componenets in which the platform will be created is determined.Thereafter, according to system's main components database creation and related form structure's determination are completed.
Including PHP, Apache, and MySQL all in a packet BITNAMI WAMP Stack has been used in web development of ALAGOZ Project. PostgreSQL module is added over the WAMP Stack just in case of altering the database in the future. Moreover, PostGIS is attached to PostgreSQL because of the geometric data type support.  Netbeans and PhpStrom IDEs have been used during the web development process of the thesis.
Owing to the fact that the wheel has already been invented, Laravel PHP Framework is used for the web development of ALAGOZ Project's web platform. Laravel 4 framework, which is one of the ready to use frameworks in BITNAMI wamp stack, is a composer compatible framework. Hence, Laravel framework provide ease of use due to enable user to add all Composer components to their own specific applications. In other words, Laravel 4 framework consists of dependencies that are available on GitHub. Laravel differ from other PHP Frameworks with it's Composer compatibility, interoperability, Eloquent ORM, database seeding, artisan, queues features, and etc.
ALAGOZ Project's web application is developed with an open source programming language PHP that is provided by BITNAMI. PHP, used to mean Personal Home Page, means PHP Hypertext Preprocessor and is used for creating dynamic websites. Because of being a server side programming language, PHP allows users to interact with the site. In another word, instead of only being able to gather information from the website, users can post data into the site with forms, comment on a forum, or even be a part of a survey. PHP language is a script language; hence, it does not require a compiler. However, it requires a web server, because of this reason Apache web server is preferred in this application. Additionally, HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) have been used for the visualization of the website.
Furthermore, application needs a database to be able to store the data that is posted by the users. PostgreSQL database, which is an open source relational database management system (RDBMS), is preferred in ALAGOZ Project. RDBMS generally has client-server architecture that allows remote connection and multi usage at the same time via internet.
Forms are vital structures of the web application because of informing the campaign participants about the news of project. Moreover, it is the only way to obtain the information about participants, metadata and the data which is gathered from the field with the purpose of updating TUTGA point coordinates, or densification of networks such as National Geodetic Network. The forms will send the data posted by the participant in the database. RINEX formatted GPS/GNSS datafiles including navigation, meteorology and observation files are stored inside the application environment which is created in Model View Controller (MVC) Pattern.
To sum up, the web platform of the ALAGOZ Project consists of membership, session management, form processing, database handling, moreover RINEX formatted GPS/GNSS data analysis and visualization process are planned to be accomplished in the following develeopments. 
Finally, being a web platform developed in the localhost the thesis project required to be developed in order to deal with the real data and metadata supplied by the participants of the ALAGOZ Project. These real data provided by the project's participants would be stored appropiriately for the standards such as ISO TC211, OGC, INSPIRE etc. Therefore, interoperability feature could be provided for the platform. 
Consequently, GIS applications, visualization of the data on maps, and creation of an android version of the ALAGOZ web application is planned to be achieved in the continuing steps of this study.