Kolon süreksizliği bulunan betonarme bir binanın DBYBHY-2007 ve TBDY-2018 esaslarına göre incelenmesi
Analysis of reinforced concrete building with column discontinuity according to DBYBHY-2007 and TBDY-2018
Yazar: MUHAMMED TOPAKTAŞ
Danışman: PROF. DR. TÜLAY AKSU ÖZKUL
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı / Yapı Mühendisliği Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2019
Konu: İnşaat Mühendisliği = Civil Engineering

Özet:
Depremin yıkıcı etkisine karşı can ve mal güvenliğinin sağlanması, yapıların tasarım aşamasına ait yaklaşımların gerçek duruma uygun olması ile mümkündür. Tasarımda kullanılacak olan esaslar deprem yönetmeliklerince düzenlenmektedir. Ülkemizdeki yapı sistemlerinin çözümü ve tasarımında kullanılan ve 2007 yılında yürürlüğe giren "Deprem Bölgelerinde Yapılacak Binalar Hakkında Yönetmelik 2007" yerine 2019 yılından itibaren "Türk Bina Deprem Yönetmeliği 2018" esasları kullanılacaktır. TBDY-2018' de, deprem hesabı yapılacak olan binalar için bir takım yeni yaklaşımlar bulunmaktadır. Yatay deprem etkisi göz önüne alınırken bina konumuna bağlı olarak yatay elastik tasarım spektrumu tanımlanması, etkin kesit rijitlik katsayılarının kullanılması, düşey deprem etkisinin statik ve dinamik olarak göz önüne alınması ve düzensizliklerin kontrolünde farklı sınır değerler baz alınması gibi yeni düzenlemeler getirilmiştir.
Deprem bölgelerinde yapılacak binaların taşıyıcı sistem seçimi ve yapıya etki eden yüklerin doğru yaklaşımla ele alınarak göz önünde bulundurulması, yapı güvenliği açısından hassasiyetle üzerinde durulması gereken bir konudur. Düşey ve yatay yüklerin, temele aktarımını sağlayan düşey elemanların sürekliliği büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu nedenle, deprem yönetmeliklerinde düşey elemanların süreksizliğine bir takım kısıtlamalar getirilmiştir. DBYBHY-2007' de, düşey süreksizlik durumlarından sadece, kolonların iki ucundan mesnetli kirişlere oturması durumuna şartlı olarak müsade edilmiştir. Bu şart, kolonların oturduğu kirişler ve bu kirişlerin mesnetlendiği düğüm noktalarına bağlanan diğer taşıyıcı elemanlarda, düşey yükler ile deprem yüklerinin ortak etkisinden meydana gelen iç kuvvet değerlerinin % 50 oranında artırılarak göz önüne alınmasıdır. TBDY-2018' de ise, iç kuvvet değerlerinin artırılması yerine; kolon süreksizliğinin meydana geldiği taşıyıcı sistem kısımlarında, düşey elastik tasarım spektrumu tanımlanarak düşey deprem etkisinin dinamik bir yük olarak göz önüne alınması gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır. 
Sunulan bu tez kapsamında, kolon süreksizliği bulunan betonarme bir binanın, DBYBHY-2007 ve TBDY-2018 esaslarına göre deprem hesabı yapılmıştır. Deprem hesabı sonucu elde edilen doğal titreşim periyotları, taban kesme kuvveti değerleri, iç kuvvetler ve yapısal düzensizlik katsayıları incelenmiştir.
Altı bölüm halinde sunulan tez çalışmasının birinci bölümünde, tez çalışmasına giriş yapılmış ve tezin amacı vurgulanmıştır.
İkinci bölümde, deprem yönetmeliklerinde ifade edilen yapısal düzensizlik türleri hakkında bilgi verilmiştir.
Üçüncü bölümde, kolon süreksizliği bulunan betonarme bir binanın, DBYBHY-2007 esaslarına göre çözümlemesi yapılmıştır.
Dördüncü bölümde, binanın TBDY-2018' e göre çözümü ile kesit tesirleri elde edilerek çizelgeler halinde verilmiştir.
Beşinci bölümde, DBYBHY-2007 ve TBDY-2018' e göre bulunan hesap sonuçları kıyaslanmıştır. Çizelge ve grafikler halinde gösterilen karşılaştırmalarda; DBYBHY-2007' ye göre elde edilen iç kuvvet değerlerinin, TBDY-2018 esaslarına göre elde edilen değerlerden oldukça yüksek olduğu dikkat çekmiştir.
Altıncı ve son bölümde ise, iki deprem yönetmeliğine ait çözüm sonuçlarına dikkat çekilerek, kolon süreksizliği bulunduran taşıyıcı sistemlerin, kritik kesitlerindeki sonuçlarla ilgili önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Abstract:
"Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Building with Column Discontinuity According to DBYBHY-2007 and TBDY-2018 " in this thesis from 7 storey concrete internal forces are obtained according to a building into force in 2007 and TBDY-2018 substantially contains the column resting on supported beam of the two ends was examined. The building examined in the scope of the study is symmetrical in both directions. Static and dynamic analyzes of the building according to both regulations were performed with the help of SAP2000 program. In the SAP2000 program, columns and beams are defined as bar elements and curtains are defined as shell elements. The slabs were not geometrically modeled and their loads were assigned to the beams as linear loads for faster analysis. Rigid diaphragm is defined on the floor planes. Earthquake loads of the building are defined by using mode coupling method according to both earthquake regulations.
It is aimed to investigate the effect of the new design approaches introduced with TBDY-2018 in terms of the security of the buildings to be built in our country by obtaining the cross-sectional effects of a reinforced concrete building with column discontinuity according to DBYBHY-2007 and TBDY-2018 principles. In this thesis, firstly international and national literature review about buildings with discontinuity in carrier fog has been done. The comparison of internal forces obtained according to DBYBHY-2007 and TBDY-2018 principles is performed for a reinforced concrete building with column discontinuity in Beylikdüzü district of İstanbul.
In this study, it is predicted that the analysis results of a reinforced concrete building with column discontinuity according to the principles of Turkish Building Earthquake Regulation which entered into force in 2018 will give more economic results compared to the Regulation on Buildings to be Built in Earthquake Zones 2007 .
Ensuring the safety of life and property against the destructive effect of the earthquake is possible by the approach of the design stage of the buildings to the real situation. The principles to be used in the design are regulated by earthquake regulations. As of 2019, the principles of Turkish Building Earthquake Regulation 2018 "will be used instead of the Regulation on Buildings to be Built in Earthquake Zones 2007 an which was used in the analysis and design of building systems in our country and entered into force in 2007. In TBDY-2018, there are a number of new approaches for the buildings to be calculated for earthquakes. While considering the horizontal earthquake effect, new regulations have been introduced such as defining the horizontal elastic design spectrum depending on the location of the building, using effective cross-section stiffness coefficients, taking into account the static and dynamic effect of the vertical earthquake and taking different boundary values in the control of irregularities.
The choice of the structural system of the buildings to be constructed in earthquake zones and the consideration of the loads affecting the structure with the correct approach is an issue that should be emphasized in terms of building security. The continuity of the vertical elements providing the transfer of vertical and horizontal loads to the foundation is of great importance in order to make this transfer properly. Therefore, a number of restrictions have been imposed on the discontinuity of vertical elements in earthquake regulations. In the case of DBYBHY-2007, only vertically discontinuous conditions were conditionally allowed to sit on supported beams at both ends of the columns. This requirement is to be taken into account by increasing the internal force values resulting from the joint effect of vertical loads and earthquake loads by 50% in beams where the columns sit and other bearing elements connected to the joints where these beams are supported. In TBDY-2018, instead of increasing the internal force values; In the structural system parts where column discontinuity occurs, vertical elastic design spectrum is defined and it is emphasized that vertical earthquake effect should be considered as a dynamic load.
Within the scope of this thesis, the earthquake calculation of a reinforced concrete building with column discontinuity was carried out according to DBYBHY-2007 and TBDY-2018 principles. Natural vibration periods, ground shear force values, internal forces and structural irregularity coefficients obtained from earthquake calculations were investigated.
In the first part of the thesis, which is presented in six chapters, the thesis is introduced and the purpose of the thesis is emphasized.
In the second chapter, information is given about the types of structural irregularities expressed in earthquake regulations.
In the third section, cross - sectional effects of a reinforced concrete building with column discontinuity are analyzed according to DBYBHY-2007 principles.
In the fourth chapter, the building examined is modeled and solved according to the principles of TBDY-2018 and its internal forces are shown in tables.
In the fifth section, the internal forces of the building analyzed according to DBYBHY-2007 and TBDY-2018 are compared. In the comparisons shown in tables and graphs; It was noted that the internal force values obtained according to DBYBHY-2007 were significantly higher than those obtained according to TBDY-2018 principles.
In the sixth and last chapter, differences are expressed in terms of two earthquake regulations and it is proposed that caution should be exercised in the selection of such carrier systems due to the high cross-sectional strain of the critical sections of the carrier discontinuities.
As a result of this thesis, the internal force values obtained according to TBDY-2018; In parallel with the decrease in the shear force of the base, it was observed that it gave lower results than DBYBHY-2007. In critical sections with column discontinuity, it was noted that DBYBHY-2007 was on the safer side in terms of reinforced concrete design. It is possible to state that the internal force values obtained according to TBDY-2018 offer a more economical solution in terms of design.
In the critical sections where there are columns sitting in the middle of the beams, especially according to DBYBHY-2007 principles, the very high internal force values indicate that it is necessary for us engineers to be cautious about choosing such a carrier system. On the other hand, under-calculation of internal force values of critical sections obtained according to TBDY-2018 compared to DBYBHY-2007 caused the safety of these critical sections to decrease in design according to the new regulation. In particular, it should be noted that the correct application of these critical sections in the construction site requires professional competence and meticulousness. In the design of buildings with column discontinuity, performance analysis will be made for the parts where the columns are seated on the beams and the final design will be decided and strengthened with additional reinforcement elements to be used during production will play an important role in increasing the safety margin.