Yer değiştirmede mekansal deneyim
Spatial experience in movement
Yazar: FATMA PELİN SEZGİN
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. İPEK VEDİA YÜREKLİ İNCEOĞLU
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Mimari Tasarım Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2015
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture

Özet:
Teknoloji ve küreselleşmenin etkisiyle hızlanan ve sürekli hareket halinde olmayı gerektiren modern hayatta insanın yer değiştirmeye harcadığı zamanın barınma ve çalışma sürelerine yaklaştığı görülür. Bu durum yer değiştirmenin, insanın yaşamını ve aktivitelerini şekillendiren mimarlık disipliniyle daha sıkı ilişkiler kurması gerekliliğini ortaya koyar. Bugünkü yaşam alanı, ev, iş, sosyal alanlar ve bunlar arasında yer değiştirirken geçtiği mekanların uç uca eklenmesiyle tariflenen modern insan için yer değiştirme süreci hareketli bir mekansal deneyim içerir.  
Yer değiştirme ve mimarlığın ilişkisi üzerine kurulan tez, yer değiştirme halinde olan insanın mekansal deneyimi üzerine yapılan bir incelemedir ve insanın çoğunlukla kalıcı ve sabit bir şey olarak tanımladığı ve gördüğü mekan'a hareketlilik ve geçici olma durumları üzerinden bakmayı önermektedir. Bu bağlamda tezde yer değiştirme halinde olan bedenin geçme ve duraklamaları esnasında temas ettiği mekan'ı nasıl deneyimlediği, mekan aracılığıyla hareketini ve hareketi aracılığıyla mekanı nasıl algıladığı, hareket halinde geçtiği mekanların onun aktivite ve kullanımı için ne tip potansiyellere dönüşebileceği soruları sorulmuş, bu sorular çeşitli teoriler ve örnekler arasında ilişkiler kurularak cevaplanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Tezin ilk bölümünde yer değiştirme eyleminde beden ve mekan arasında kalan hareket kavramı incelenmiş, insan zihninin hareketi nasıl algıladığı üzerinde durulmuştur.  İkinci bölümde ise hareket doğrudan yer değiştirme olarak ele alınmış, bu kavramın insan yaşantısında ve mimarlık disiplininde ne ifade ettiği ve nasıl ele alınması gerektiği incelenmiştir. Mekansal deneyim ve algıda yer değiştirmenin ölçeği ve biçimlerinin etkileri tartışılmıştır.
Tezin üçüncü bölümünde geçme, durma ve duraklama eylemlerini kapsayan bütünsel yer değiştirme aktivitesinde geçilen, durulan ve duraklanan mekanlar incelenmiştir. Bunun için öncelikle bu deneyimde aynı görevi üstlenen mekanlar belirlenerek 3 grup altında toplanmıştır. İnsanların bu mekanları kullanma ve algılama şekilleri, bu mekanlarda gerçekleştirdikleri aktiviteler, yer değiştirme dışında hangi durumlar için ne tip potansiyeller taşıdıkları ve hareketi algılamada nasıl bir role sahip oldukları tartışılmıştır.
Dördüncü bölüm ise, ilk üç bölümde teorik olarak anlatılan ve tartışılan durumların bir denemesi niteliğini taşımaktadır. Bu bölümde gündelik hayatta kullanılan bir hareket rotası seçilmiş ve belirlenen rota üzerinde hareket eden deneğin, hareketinin karakteri, geçtiği mekanlar, bu mekanlardaki kullanım ve aktiviteleri, bunlara ek olarak gözlem, deneyim ve algıları rota boyunca kaydedilen bir videonun iki boyut düzleminde diyagramlaştırılması ve yorumlanması ile aktarılmıştır. 
Sonuçta yer değiştirme ve mimarlık arasındaki ilişkiden türetilen sorular, literatür araştırmaları, örnekler ve denemeler üzerinden yorumlanmıştır. Bu sayede kullanıcı için yer değiştirme esnasında geçtiği mekanlar ile ilgili deneyimsel bir farkındalık oluşturmak, mimarlar ve tasarımcılar içinse yüksek dozda hareket ve geçicilik barındıran bu mekanların tasarımına ve üretimine farklı bir bakış yaratmak hedeflenmiştir.

Abstract:
Dwelling  and  working as the most basic life functions, that architecture mostly serves to, shape a request  for  permanent  environment, which  is  generally  perceived  and  used  through  stability. Therefore, stability and permanence principles  have  always  been  more important and prior than mobility and temporality principles in architectural design and construction process from past to present. 
In today's modern life, which is getting faster day by day under the effects of technology and globalization and which requires the citizens to be in continous motion, the time spent to movement is nearly the same with the time spent on dwelling  and  working. In  other  words, the twenty-four hours, in  which  people  can fit  more  activities and  experiences  today, has  triggered  a  mobile  lifestyle. This  situation  brings  out  the  necessity  for  the  citizens  to build stronger  relationships with  architecture discipline  in  which  they  inhabit and  maintain their  daily activities. This awareness  has  created  the  desire  to  explore  the  aspects  of  architecture, which  can  be temporary  and  mobile,  perceived  through  motion  and  can  also  transform for being mobile. As  the result of  this kind of desire, the relationship between movement and architecture is  decided  to research by  correlating  between  the  body, space, motion  concepts and perception, experience and using processes in this dissertation.
Today's  living  space: home, working  environment, social  space and the intermediate  spaces  connecting  these, create  the  process  of movement  and  this  process  creates  a  spatial  experience for  the citizens. This dissertation, based  on  the relationship between  architecture  and  movement, is  an  analysis  of  the  spatial  experience of  the citizen on motion.  It  suggests  a new  perspective  on looking to the space,  which  is  generally characterized  by  stability  and permanence,  with  the  concepts of mobility  and  temporality.  In this context,  how  the  body  in  motion  experiences  the space  contacted  during  the  transitions  and  stops,  how  the  body  perceives  the  motion  via  the  space  and  space  via  motion  and  how  the  spaces  can  turn  into potentials  for  the  activities  of  the  body  are  researched.  Within  the  research, these  questions  are  answered  by relating  various  theories  and  examples.
In  the  first section, the notion of movement in-between the body and  the space during motion and  the perception of the body of the motion are examined. To investigate  mentioned  issues,  change,  time,  motion,  body and  space notions  are defined  at  first  and  the  relationships  between  these  notions are tried  to be analyzed  in  order  to  find  out  how  the  body  perceives  the  motion  and  also  the space. After that, these  notions  are  correlated  with  the  perception, experience  and using  processes. 
Time, change and motion are three main concepts of human life which cannot be expressed independent of each other. In the integrated relationship of these three concepts,  change  refers to  the  continous  flow of  life;  time refers to  the  place  of this  flow  and  motion  refers  to  act  form  of  this  flow. It  can  be  said  that  there is  also  a  similar  integrated  relationship  between  body,  motion and space concepts.  In  this  relationship,  body  can  be  described  as  an interface  which creates  and  perceives  the  motion; motion  can  be described  as  an  act  created  by the  body  and  the  space  can  be  described  a  background  of  this  act. In  other words,  body  builds  the  motion,  motion  enables  to  create  experience  for  space and  space  provides  some  various  data  for  body's  sensation  and  perception centres.  Shortly,  architecture  and  its  spatial  qualities  are experienced  by  the human  body  through  movement  over time. The  human body is an interface, through which  the  human perceives its environment and the movement of the body changes its perception. 
In the second section, the motion is  considered directly  as movement  and the meaning of  movement  for daily life and for architecture discipline is analyzed. Motion  is  the  most  tangible  version  of a change for  human and as the 'movement',  it  covers  a  large  area  in  architecture  discipline.  In  the  dissertation, the  movement can be  defined  as  all the actions of  the  subject  passing  from one location  to  another. For  this  reason, it covers a large  portion  also in  life, which  is shaped  by architecture discipline.
Firstly  the  historical  process of movement in architecture and its effects in today's modern lifestyle are  researched in the second chapter in order to analyze the links between  movement, space  and body concepts. Addition to these, the effects of the scale and the kinds of  the movement on spatial experience and bodily  perception are discussed. 
The  places, that are used by people during the movement process,  becomes  associated with architecture in spatial experience  in  movement, within  their  spatial  characteristics, perceptual  datas  and providing  activities. However, when  investigating  spatial  experience  in  movement process,  as  well  as  the  architectural  character  of  space, the  form of bodily motion  becomes  important.
In the  third section, the spaces contacted during the whole movement experience, containing  passing,  stopping  and  pausing, are examined. Thus,  the spaces belonging to the same purpose are decided  and collected under  three  groups. The usage and perception of these spaces  by people, the activities of people in these spaces,  the  other potentials of  these spaces, and  the roles  of these  spaces on the perception  of  movement  are  discussed.
The movement indicates a continuum in the modern individual's life. During the transitions, which creates the whole movement process, a destination can also be seen as a passing or pausing  point for another motion. Thus,  movement  can  be defined not only as a transition, but also a wholistic experience that involves all this passing, pausing and halting moments and spaces. In this context, when we look  at the daily movements and also long-distance travel activities, it can be mentioned about 3 different space types. These are the "in-between" spaces, which are all the circulation areas of moving body and vehicles; the "intermediary" spaces, which allows the individual's orientation to vehicles and "vehicular" spaces; which can also be defined the means of transport.
If we define movement as an travel action from point A to point B, the spaces of movement are all the locations between these two points. It can also be said that the A and B points are the halt spaces, where people dwell, work, spent time and continue their activities. Additionally, these spaces take place also as departure and arrival points in the whole movement process.
These 3 space types between A and B, that defines whole movement process spatially, has helped to reveal the characteristics of experience and using processes in the relationship between movement and architecture. The analyzing of the common spatial characteristics of each space type and their spatial potentials that can be varied according to the transport type, has provided to see their functional opportunities and also the expectations of moving body from spaces.
The  fourth section  contains experiments on  the situations  theoretically  discussed on the first  three  sections, (theoretical discussions between body,  motion,  space notions and perception,  experience, using processes). In other words, these experiments can be defined as a  practical  interpretation of first  three chapters. In order to make this interpretation, a movement route,  which is used  in  daily life, is chosen  firstly. The character of the  movement, the  passed  spaces  and the  activities in these  spaces of subject moving on this route are  examined. Additionally  observations, experiences and the  perceptions of  the subject  are recorded by a video  simultaneously  and diagrams  and  comments  are  used  for  the  visualization of the video in the research. 
Through this experiment, the forms of movement, the ways of sensation and perceiving and the movement spaces, which are discussed under the different chapters in the dissertation, has been illustrated step by step. Besides, the effects of environmental datas like human density, speed, traffic and unforeseen intersections that created by different movement types and situations to the spatial experience in movement are also seen with the help of this experiment
As a result the questions, derived from the relationship between movement and architecture, are interpreted through literature research, examples and experiments. By this means, aims of this research are raising awareness on the passed spaces during movement for people and creating new perspectives on the design and production of these spaces containing movement and temporality for architects. It also can be said that this research is an examination for proving the potentials of movement activity in terms of spatial experience of body. Providing an awareness for the user is aimed by theoretically and practically examining and interpreting the relationships between the mobile body and space during the sensation, perceiving, using, experiencing and transforming activities. Besides, the spatial potentials in the relationship of body, space and movement are provided to produce new discoveries for the user. In addition to this, the positive effects of being mobile & temporary (based on movement activity) are remarked in architectural design, production and usage processes for  architects and designers.