Akıllı şehirlerde acil durum yönetimi: Çalışma alanı Akçaabat
Emergency management in smart cities: Study area Akçaabat
Yazar: ÖMÜR DADAK
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. CEM KIRLANGIÇOĞLU
Sakarya Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Afet Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2023
Konu: Coğrafya = Geography ; İlk ve Acil Yardım = Emergency and First Aid ; Şehircilik ve Bölge Planlama = Urban and Regional Planning
Dizin: Afet yönetimi = Disaster management

Özet:
Hızla artış gösteren dünya nüfusunun büyük bir çoğunluğu şehirlerde
yaşamaktadırlar. Bu durum özellikle ulaşım, barınma ve güvenlik gibi pek çok
alanda sorunlar yaşanmasına sebep olmaktadır. Günümüz şehirlerini binlerce yıllık
insanlık tarihindeki öncül örneklerinden daha iyi yönetme yolunda geleneksel
modeller yetersiz kalmış, zamanla yeni fikirler ve yöntemler ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu
süreç neticesinde ortaya çıkan Akıllı Şehir yaklaşımı; günümüz teknolojilerini ve
yaklaşımlarını kullanarak gerek fiziksel çevreyi gerekse de sosyal, ekonomik ve
kültürel hayatı daha ileri seviyelere taşıyarak toplumsal refahı ve yaşam kalitesini
artırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Acil durum yönetimi de bu yaklaşımın temel
parçalarından biri olup, ülkemizde deprem başta olmak üzere günlük hayatta
meydana gelebilecek afetlere karşı etkin bir mücadele sürdürülebilmesi açısından
önem taşımaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, tüm afetlere yönelik karmaşık bir yaklaşımdan ziyade, ülkemizin
farklı bölgelerinde sıklıkla karşılaşılan sel, taşkın, heyelan ve çığ olaylarından yola
çıkılarak yenilikçi bir acil durum yönetim planı oluşturulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu
kapsamda, pilot çalışma alanı olarak seçilen Trabzon ilinin Akçaabat ilçesinde
SmartAbat isimli bir Akıllı Şehir projesi önerilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, akıllı
şehirler ve acil durum yönetimi açısından Akçaabat İlçesine yönelik öneriler
geliştirmektir. Yoğun afet riski barındıran bir ilçeye yönelik bütüncül bir yaklaşımla
akıllı şehir uygulamalarını kullanarak acil durum yönetim planının hayata geçirilmesi
hedeflenmektedir.
Araştırma kapsamında, Akçaabat ilçesinin afet ve acil durumlar karşısında hem
sürdürülebilir hem de dirençli kent olmasına yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur. Erken
uyarı sistemleri, taşkın azaltma ve adaptasyon stratejileri, sel afet yönetiminin takibi,
değerlendirilmesi ve ulusal düzeyde kalkınma planlamasına dahil edilmesi de olmak
üzere çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur. Bunlara ek olarak, Akçaabat ilçesi için Taşkın
Karar Destek Sistemi geliştirilmiştir. Bu araştırma, gerek bilimsel literatüre gerekse
de Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetim Başkanlığı başta olmak üzere Türkiye'nin çeşitli
kurumları tarafından yürütülen diğer çalışmalara katkıda bulunacaktır. Bütüncül bir
acil durum yönetimine yönelik hazırlanan bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçların yerel
yönetimler, sivil toplum kuruluşları, ilgili diğer kurum ve kuruluşlar açısından etkili
bir karar destek sistemi olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Abstract:
The majority of the rapidly increasing global population resides in cities. This
situation leads to numerous problems in various areas such as transportation,
housing, and security. Traditional models of managing cities, which have been used
for thousands of years in human history, have proven to be insufficient in effectively
governing modern cities. Over time, new ideas and methods have emerged to address
these challenges.
The Smart City approach, which has evolved as a result of this process, aims to
enhance societal well-being and quality of life by utilizing contemporary
technologies and approaches to advance the physical environment, as well as social,
economic, and cultural aspects. Emergency management has become an important
focal point in public administration today. The advancement of technology and the
process of digitalization offer significant opportunities to improve emergency
management in a more effective and efficient manner.Data collection in urban areas
through various technical equipment and applications provides valuable information
for emergency management. For example, data such as air quality, water level and
traffic congestion can be collected through sensors. This data can then be
transformed into actionable information through analytical processes and integrated
into smart applications.Transforming data into smart applications enables fast and
accurate decision-making to mitigate the impacts of disasters. For example, mobile
applications developed for emergencies can quickly inform citizens and direct them
to safe areas. Emergency response teams can also use data to identify affected areas,
manage resources more effectively and improve response processes.Data sharing in
smart cities facilitates the development of smart disaster and emergency applications
by encouraging collaboration and integration between different organizations.
Local governments, emergency services, health institutions and other stakeholders
can work together to identify disaster risks, develop emergency plans and coordinate
resources more efficiently. However, there are challenges in integrating digitalization
and technology into emergency management processes. Attention needs to be paid to
data security, privacy, standards and infrastructure. Furthermore, ensuring
widespread access to technology and avoiding the digital divide is crucial to ensure
equal benefits for all. In conclusion, the use of technology for emergency
management in smart cities is an inevitable necessity. It provides opportunities for
efficient collection and utilization of data, thus enhancing emergency response
capabilities.


Emergency management is one of the fundamental components of this approach and
holds significant importance in enabling an effective response to disasters that may
occur in daily life, particularly earthquakes in our country. This study aims to
develop an innovative emergency management plan based on frequently encountered
natural disasters such as floods, flash floods, landslides, and avalanches, rather than
adopting a complex approach that covers all types of disasters. Within this context, a
Smart City project named SmartAbat is proposed for Akçaabat district in Trabzon
province as a pilot study area. The purpose of this study is to develop
recommendations for Akçaabat district regarding smart cities and emergency
management. The implementation of an emergency management plan using smart
city applications with a holistic approach specifically tailored to a district with high
disaster risks is targeted.
Following the completion of the literature review, the applicability of the analyzed
management practices to Akçaabat District is examined. Non-applicable
management practices are ignored and applicable practices are continued. Applicable
practices should be evaluated on the basis of disaster risk areas and maps. On the
basis of disaster risk areas and maps, appropriate management practices are
evaluated for Akçaabat District and emergency disaster management proposals are
developed. The prepared emergency disaster management proposal consists of three
basic components.
Floods have had devastating impacts on communities, destroying livelihoods of high
material value and investments important for development. However, with adequate
use of technology, it is possible to create human-centered early warning systems that
increase public awareness and preparedness for flood events to significantly reduce
the negative impacts of these disasters on our lives. This study addresses various
aspects of flood disaster management, including early warning systems, flood
mitigation and adaptation strategies, monitoring and evaluation of flood disaster
management and its incorporation into development planning at the national level.
The study re-examined the integration of advanced technological tools in flood
disaster management and encouraged more research in this area. This is because
these tools are capable of collecting, analyzing and communicating real-time flood
data to all stakeholders instantaneously to protect human lives and investments.
However, in order to ensure a holistic emergency management, all stakeholders must
contribute to the process. The findings of this study are important for decision
makers, local administrators and citizens.
The importance of this study is the implementation of an emergency management
plan using smart city applications with a holistic approach for a district with intense
disaster risk.
The results obtained from this comprehensive emergency management study are
believed to serve as an effective decision support system for local governments, civil
society organizations, and other relevant institutions. There are smart city
applications across a certain city or country. However, holistic smart city
applications that deal with a certain region do not have an emergency management
plan application.
Within the scope of the research, recommendations are presented for Akçaabat
district to be both sustainable and resilient in the face of disasters and emergencies.



Various recommendations have been presented, including early warning systems,
flood mitigation and adaptation strategies, monitoring and evaluation of flood
disaster management and its inclusion in national development planning. In addition,
a Flood Decision Support System was developed for Akçaabat district. This research
will contribute both to the scientific literature and to other studies conducted by
various institutions in Turkey, especially the Disaster and Emergency Management
Presidency. It is thought that the results obtained from this study prepared for a
holistic emergency management can be used as an effective decision support system
for local governments, non-governmental organizations, other relevant institutions
and organizations.
This study discusses how different technologies can be adapted to emergency and
disaster management and includes examples of similar studies implemented in
Turkey. Smartabat Project aims to implement a Smart City project in Akçaabat
district of Trabzon province. Within the scope of this project, Akçaabat district is
handled in an integrated manner. It is aimed both to be a sustainable city and to show
resistance to disasters and emergencies within the framework of information
communication technology.