Türkiye de kentsel dönüşüm:Avrupa örnekleri ile kentsel dönüşümün gelişimi, Ayazma-Tepeüstü örneği
Urban transformatin in Turkey:Development of urban transformation with European examples
Yazar: ÖYKÜ HUN BİLEN
Danışman: DOÇ. DR. HAYRİ HAKAN DENLİ
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Geomatik Mühendisliği Ana Bilim Dalı / Geomatik Mühendisliği Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2013
Konu: Jeodezi ve Fotogrametri = Geodesy and Photogrammetry

Özet:
Kentlerin gelişmesinde etken olan sanayileşme gibi iç dinamiklerin ve küreselleşme gibi dış dinamiklerin denge durumunda olmaması hali ile ortaya çıkan düzensizlik büyük şehirlerde farklı kimliklerin oluşmasına neden olmaktadır. Ekonomik, sosyal ve politik alanda yaşanan değişimler, kentlerdeki yaşamı sürekli olarak etkilemektedir. Değişen kent dinamikleri içinde planlamanın da yeniden değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. 
Çok yönlü ve boyutlu bir içeriğe sahip olan kentsel dönüşüm olgusunun uygulama sürecinde; insan, doğal yapı ve mekanın tarihsel gelişimi dikkate alınarak üretilecek olan projenin, kimlik, yenilikçi yaklaşım, ekonomik yapı, sosyal ve ekolojik bileşen boyutları dikkate alınarak değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. Hiçbir model, uygulamasını gerçeklestirecek  taraflar olmadan hayata geçirilemez.Kentsel dönüsüm sürecinde karar verici ve uygulamacı statüdeki kamu kurulusları,özel kurum ve kuruluslar, profesyonellerin rol alması kadar bu süreçte kullanıcı katılımının da sağlanması, kentsel dönüsümlerin başarıyla sonuçlanmasının esaslarındandır.
Gelişmiş ülkelerde bir çok deneyimin ardından kentsel yenilemenin nasıl olması gerektiğine yönelik kavramsal bir çerçeve oluşmuştur. Ülkemiz kentsel yenileme deneyimlerinin henüz başında olduğundan dolayı hem uygulamalar hem de kentsel yenilemenin yasal çerçevesi halen tartışılmaktadır. Yürürlükte olan yasalar başarılı kentsel yenileme stratejileri geliştirebilmek adına yetersizdir ve kentsel yenileme sadece fiziksel boyutu ile ele alınmaktadır
Bu noktada, kente kazandırılması amaçlanan alanların yenilenmesi bir sorun olarak ortaya çıkmakta ve bunun bir sonucu olarak da kentsel dönüşüm kavramı ve hazırlanan kentsel dönüşüm projeleri gündeme gelmektedir. 
Bu kapsamda ilk olarak temel kavramlar üzerinde durulmuş ve genel bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Öncelikle dönüşüm, değişim kavramının tanımları açıklanmış ve kentsel dönüşümün önemli etmenlerinden olan küreselleşme kavramları tanımlanmıştır. Temel kavramaların sonrasında kentsel dönüşümün amaçları, kentsel dönüşüm yöntemleri ve kentsel dönüşümün boyutları üzerinde durulmuştur. Dönüşümün sosyal, ekonomik, planlama-tasarım, özellikle yönetimsel ve yasal boyutlarının Türkiye?de nasıl ele alındığı incelenmiştir.
İkinci olarak Türkiye kent planlama, kentsel dönüşüm uygulamalarının gelişimi irdelenmiş bu bağlamda kentsel dönüşüm dinamikleri ve yeni konut alanlarının belirlenmesi süreçleri ele alınmıştır.
Kentsel dönüşümün tarihsel gelişimi ve Avrupa?da kentsel dönüşüm süreçleri incelenerek ülkemiz uygulamaları ile karşılaştırılarak sorgulama imkanı bulunmuştur. Dolayısıyla sebep-sonuç, doğru-yanlış ilişkilendirmesi kurulması sağlanmıştır.
Son olarak ülkemizde kentsel dönüşüm kavramını anlamak, uygulama süreci, dönüşüm dinamikleri ve boyutlarını irdeleyebilmek adına, güncel ve tamamlanmış uygulamalardan Küçükçekmece Ayazma-Tepeüstü Kentsel Dönüşüm uygulama projesi üzerinde çalışılmıştır. Türkiye?deki kentsel dönüşüm süreci tüm adımları ile ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Abstract:
Cities are settlement units with complicated and dynamic structures. Due to their dynamic  structures concerned, they have always undergone change since their establishment.
Urban regeneration has been defined as a comprehensive process which leads to the solution of urban problems and seeks to bring about a lasting improvement in the economic, physical, social and environmental conditions of an area that has changed. The most fundamental aims of this concept are to prevent the physical decay and to supply the sustainability of historical texture, to revitalize the economic life, to improve the quality of architecture and urban life, to stimulate the cultural dynamics and to enable the participation of relevant actors in all scales of the regeneration process.
The urban places which are similar to the living organisms become dilapidated because of increasing  population  in time, natural disasters and bad construction. In this situation, urban renovation becomes a current issue for providing the renovation which is  bounded to the modern  city planning principles. 
Urban transformation projects in which different aspects are put on the agenda are implemented to restore the quality of urban life in the depressed areas of cities, loosing their functions and intensity of use in the past, in terms of economic, physical and social aspects.
After the First World War, the concept of urban renewal was first considered by urban planning agenda. But, the aims, organization and management models have changed by the time. Today the parts of the cities, both in developed and developing countries have to faced the renewal process as a result of spatial organizations. Therefore, urban renewal has become one of the most important problems of the local authorities and planning.
After the Second World War, World, Urban Regeneration Projects in Turkey  after the 1980s also became important. The population of metropolitan cities, a growing  re-planning, structuring, and the public more comfortable, more healthy, than to live in a modern environment, social facilities and green areas in terms of the request to create a more spacious and more beautiful city now has become an indispensable requirement. Proximity to urban centers and metropolitan areas in the conversion of the deficiencies in the evaluation of real estate in the region living in the public and the media by the  'unfair rent shares, expand, and brings out the separation of spatial structure and social  structure.
By reason of disequilibrium between internal dinamics such as industrialization and external dinamics such as globalization which are efficient on developmant of urbans has exposed chaos and this chaos has caused to come into existence of differnt identities in big cities.Change on economical, social and political area chronically affects the urban life.Also planning in changing urban dinamics should be again analyzed.
During the application process of the urban transformation phenomenon which has a multidimensional content, a project produced by considering humans, the natural structure, and the historical development of the locality should be evaluated by considering it?s identity, innovator approach, economic, social, and ecological constituents. It is a fact that a model without participants cannot be carried out. In the urban transformation process, it is important not only to take role as decision makers and applicators such as public governments, private sectors and professionals but also to ensure the participation of the users to result with success.
After various experiences gained in developed countries a conceptual framework composed that explains how urban renewal should be. Both implementations and regulatory framework is still in the air because Turkey is in the early stages of urban renewal experience. Laws in force are insufficient on behalf of developing successful urban renewal strategies and urban renewal is just discussing with physical dimension. It is underlined with this study that urban regeneration has not only physical changings but also it has social, economical and cultural ways, too.
At this piont, renewal of areas that into break into urban has appeared as problem.According to that, notion of urban transformation and prepaered urban transformation project have came to order.
Urban transformation concept is elaborated upon, and is presented in its multidimensionality, followed by an investigation of urban transformation processes in Europe and Turkey, and various approaches taken to these ends.
The purpose of this thesis is to examine the frequently mentioned concept of ?urban transformation?, how it shapes within the global urban dynamics and in relation to the European process.
In this study, the urban renovation projects in the world and in our country are investigated, especially the positive and  negative sides  of these projects in  our country are researched, and tried to make some  proposes.
In this conteksts firstly,it has been asserted on fundamental conception and featured general knowleg.Primarily, defination of transormation and transition have been explaind and notion of globalization which is one of the important factor of urban tranformation has been discribed. After expalnation and discribtion of basic notion, it has beeen asserted aims of urban transformation, methods of urban transformation and damations of urban transformation. The archives written about urban regeneration has been scanned and literature survey has been done about the conceptual framework of urban regeneration, urban renewal, gentrification, rehabilitation. With this research; the sustainability of the urban regeneration, the process of the urban regeneration within the world and Turkiye has been discussed. It has been analyzed which way it was discussed social, economical, planning-design, specially executive and legal dimensions of  transformations in Turkey.
Secondly, development of  implementing of urban transformation and urban planning scheme in Turkey heve been explicated.
In this contects, danamics of urban transformation and process of setting the new rezidance area have been approached.
Historical development of urban transformation and process of urban tranformation in europe have been analyzed and compare to our countries implementing.In consequence, it has been issued to desing causal and rhigt-wrong connection.
Finnally, it has been worked on current and complited Küçükçekmece Ayazma-Tepeüstü Urban Transformation impelementing project, to understan notion of urban transformation and explicate the process of implementing, dinamics of transformation and dimantions.The process of urban transformation in Turkey has been expressedwhit all kinds of steps.
Result of the study; during the application process of the urban transformation phenomenon which has a multidimensional content, a project produced by considering humans, the natural structure, and the historical development of the locality should be evaluated by considering it?s identity, economic,social, spatial structure . At this point, making the solutions of the transformation projects sustainable is related to human-focused approaches. Agreements between the participants of the projects should be provided by partnership and besides physical transformation; rapid, permanent, of high quality and livable solutions should be produced.