Büyükdere Surp Boğos Ermeni Katolik Kilisesi koruma projesi
The conservation project of Surp Bogos Church at Buyukdere
Yazar: GAYE KEPİÇ
Danışman: PROF. DR. DENİZ MAZLUM
İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi / Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü / Mimarlık Ana Bilim Dalı / Restorasyon Bilim Dalı
Derece: Yüksek Lisans, 2020
Konu: Mimarlık = Architecture
Dizin: Ermeniler = Armenians

Özet:
Bu tez çalışması kapsamında, İstanbul ili, Sarıyer ilçesi, Büyükdere mahallesi, 602 ada 5-6-7 parselde bulunan Büyükdere Surp Boğos Ermeni Katolik Kilisesi'nin belgeleme çalışmaları yapılmış ve bu yapı için koruma önerileri geliştirilmiştir. 
Çalışma dahilinde yapının tarihi araştırılmış, yapının mevcut durumu çizim ve fotoğraflarla ayrıntılı olarak belgelenmiş, basılı ve sözlü kaynak araştırmaları yapılarak bunların sonucunda yapının restitüsyon projesi hazırlanmıştır. Son aşamada yapının korunarak varlığını devam ettirebilmesi için koruma önerileri geliştirilmiştir.
Yapımı 1885 yılına tarihlenen Büyükdere Surp Boğos Ermeni Katolik Kilisesi, günümüzde sadece yaz aylarında Pazar günleri ibadete ve ziyarete açık bir yazlık kilise olarak kullanılmaktadır ve kilisenin yönetimi İstanbul Ermeni Katolik Patrikhanesi'ne aittir. Yapı; bahçesinde bulunan üç katlı bir lojman, günümüzde aktif olarak kullanılmayan tek katlı bir yönetim binası ve kiliseyle bir bütün olarak ele alınan servis alanlarının ve papaz evinin de bulunduğu iki katlı bir yapıyla beraber küçük bir komplekstir.
Tez çalışması, yedi ana bölümden oluşmaktadır. Giriş bölümünde tezin amacı, tezin kapsamı ve tezin hazırlanma sürecinde kullanılan çeşitli araştırma yöntemleri anlatılmıştır.
İkinci bölümde, Osmanlı Devleti'nde Ermeni Katolik Cemaati ve kiliseleri incelenmiştir. Bu başlık altında 19. yüzyıl referans alınarak, 19. yüzyıla kadar Ermeni Katolikler, 19. yüzyılda Ermeni Cemaati ve 19. yüzyıldan günümüze Ermeni Katolik kiliseleri incelenmiştir.
Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde, Büyükdere'nin gelişimi 19. yüzyıl öncesinde Büyükdere, 19. yüzyılda Büyükdere ve Büyükdere'de dinî anıtsal yapılar olmak üzere üç başlık altında irdelenmiştir.
Çalışmanın dördüncü bölümünde, Büyükdere Surp Boğos Ermeni Katolik Kilisesi'nin konumu, tarihsel süreçteki hikayesi ve mimari özellikleri anlatılmıştır. Kilisenin mimari özellikleri sırasıyla; plan özellikleri, cephe özellikleri, strüktür özellikleri, malzeme özellikleri, mimari elemanlar (kapılar, pencereler, korkuluk ve küpeşteler, dinî öğeler), bezemeler ve tespit edilen bozulmalar ile bu bozulmaların nedenleri analiz edilerek anlatılmıştır.
Beşinci bölümde, yapılan arşiv araştırmaları ile sözlü ve basılı kaynaklardan yola çıkılarak yapının zaman içerisinde geçirmiş olduğu değişimler saptanmıştır. Yapının süreç içerisindeki değişimleri irdelenirken, yapının çağdaşı olan Ermeni kiliselerine de bu başlık altında değinilmiştir. Ayrıca bu bölümde restitüsyon sorunları ve restitüsyon önerileri de değinilen diğer konulardır.
Altıncı bölümde, yapıyla ilgili bütün çalışmalar ve araştırmalardan yola çıkarak yapının özgün işlevine devam ederek korunması için kullanım önerisi ve müdahale önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. Bu müdahale yöntemleri de strüktürel müdahaleler, malzeme müdahaleleri ve mimari müdahaleler olarak üç başlıkta sunulmuştur. 
Sonuç bölümünde, bu çalışmada ele alınan başlıklar bir bütün olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bunun yanında yapının çağdaş kullanımının teşvik edilmesinin, bilinirliğinin ve ulaşılabilirliğinin arttırılmasının yapının korunarak mevcudiyetini devam ettirmesinin üzerindeki önemi vurgulanmıştır. Bunu sağlamak için, Surp Boğos Ermeni Katolik Kilisesi'nin bir kültür rotasının uğrak noktalarından biri haline getirilmesinin olanakları araştırılmıştır.

Abstract:
In this thesis, Büyükdere Surp Boğos Armenian Catholic Church, that is located at block 602, plot 5-6-7 of Büyükdere quarter in Sarıyer district in Istanbul has been documented and conservation proposals for this building have been developed.
Within the process of the study; the history of the building has been researched, the existing state of the building has been documented in detail with drawings and photographs, the restitution drawings have been prepared based on published and verbal sources. While documenting the current state of the building, traditional and contemporary methods were used together. Three-dimensional scanning was carried out with a laser scanner throughout the building and the obatined data were used as a base for creating plan, section and view drawings in computer environment. Door and window details are documented using traditional methods. At the final phase, conservation proposals have been developed in order to enable the building to continue to exist while being preserved. 
Dating to 1885 Büyükdere Surp Boğos Armenian Catholic Church is currently being used as a summer church, open for prayers and visitors only Sundays in summer and the church is under the administration of the Istanbul Armenian Catholic Patriarchate. Since the building is not very large, it is not preferred for special ceremonies such as funerals and weddings.Tarabya Surp Andon Armenian Catholic Church and Yeniköy Surp Hovhannes Mıgırdiç Church, which are located in the immediate vicinity of the Büyükdere Surp Boğos Armenian Catholic Church and were built in a similar period  as well as in a similar form, are also closed for most of the year. The church building is part of a small complex consisting of a three storey lodging building at the yard as well as a one storey administrative building, which is not currently being used, and an annex. The two storey priest house and the service facilities are part of the the main church building. 
The thesis consists of 7 main chapters. At the Introduction, the aim, the contents and the various research methods of the thesis have been explained. 
At the second chapter, the Armenian Catholic community in the Ottoman Empire and its churches have been reviewed. Taking the 19th century as a reference, under this title; the history of the Armenian Catholic community before the 19th century, the Armenian community in the 19th century and the Armenian Catholic community after 19th century have been discussed. 
At the third chapter of the study, the urban development of Büyükdere has been analyzed under three titles; as the development of Büyükdere before, during and after the 19th century. The  monumental religious buildings in Büyükdere are also presented in this chapter.
At the fourth chapter; the location, the history and the architectural characteristics of Büyükdere Surp Boğos Armenian Catholic Church have been exposed. The architectural features of the church have been explained and plans, facades, structural specifications, materials, main architectural elements (doors, windows, railings and balustrades, religious components), ornaments and the deteriorations along with the reasons for the deteriorations are described.
The materials determined in the building were evaluated as qualified and unqualified, and qualified materials are as follows; Stone, marble, wood, iron, brass, zinc, mosaic mortar, tile mosaic and plaster. The deterioration of these materials is described under the headings of structural deterioration, material deterioration (material loss, surface cracks, color change and layer formation, biological formations) and human- induced deterioration (unqualified repairs, unqualified additions and architectural component loss).
At the fifth chapter the changes, that the building has gone throughout its history, have been determined with the help of the archive research as well as published and verbal sources. While examining the changes of the building, Armenian Catholic churches that are contemporary to the building have been considered. Moreover the problems and proposals for the restitution drawings have been explained under this topic as well. 
In this section, in addition to the data obtained from the survey, old photographs, old aerial photographs, maps and old official documents guided the  restitution project. As old aerial photographs; photo archives of the General Directorate of Maps covering the years 1937-1987 were used. Official documents, old photographs and plans belonging to the church were obtained from T.C. Presidency State Archives Presidency Ottoman Archives, Salt Research, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Atatürk Library, Armenian Catholic Patriarchate and Hrant Dink Foundation archives. In the light of the these data, the changes of the building were examined under three periods. The stone church built in 1885 was accepted as the first period for the restitution of this building. Between the years 1937 -1990 was considered as the second period of the building. From 1990 until today is accepted as the third period of the building.
At the sixth chapter; usage and intervention proposals to preserve the building by maintaining its original function have been developed based on the studies and researches related to the building. The intervention methods have been presented under three topics as structural interventions (cleaning and removal of unqualified attachments, consolidation, renewal), material interventions (cleaning and removal of unqualified extensions, reconstruction)  and architectural interventions.
At the final chapter; all the topics of the study have been evaluated as a whole. Additionally for a sustainable preservation of the building; the importance of encouraging the contemporary use as well as increasing the recognition and accessibility of the building has been emphasized. To reach this goal, possibilities of making Surp Boğos Church part of a cultural route are studied. 
There are four churches and two mosques on the planned route. These structures buildings are; Surp Boğos Armenian Catholic Church, Büyükdere Aya Paraskevi Greek Orthodox Church, Kara Kethüda Mosque, Büyükdere Santa Maria Latin Catholic Church, Büyükdere Surp Hrimpsimyants Armenian Church and Algerian Gazi Hasan Pasha Mosque. The aim of this route is to enable to exhibit the buildings that constitute the cultural mosaic of the region with their cultural identity as a whole, while preserving the original function of the Surp Boğos Armenian Catholic Church and ensuring that it is accessible for all users of the city for cultural purposes without losing its identity.
As a result, with this cultural route along with the developed material, structural and architectural conservation proposals it is intented to reach a sustainable preservation of the Surp Boğos Armenian Catholic Church maintaining its original use.