protocolSection identificationModule nctId: NCT06371079, orgStudyIdInfo id: NO-OVD-ICL, briefTitle: Safety and Suitability of ICL for Correction of Refractive Errors Without the Use of Dispersive OVDs, statusModule overallStatus: RECRUITING, startDateStruct date: 2024-03-01, primaryCompletionDateStruct date: 2024-05-30, completionDateStruct date: 2024-06, studyFirstPostDateStruct date: 2024-04-17, lastUpdatePostDateStruct date: 2024-04-17, sponsorCollaboratorsModule leadSponsor name: Loay Abdulmutalib Almusawi, class: OTHER, descriptionModule briefSummary: The goal of this observational study is to test whether surgeries for lenses designed to be implanted in the eye to correct refractive error can be done without the need for using viscoelastic substances that are used routinely nowadays to make it easier to introduce them inside the human eye and protect the inside of the eye during the operation.The main question it aims to answer is that is it safe to do the surgery without using them? to answer this question researchers will access recorded data of patients that underwent refractive surgeries in a private clinic since 2017 and compare them as two groups: those who underwent the traditional procedures and those who had it without the use of dispersive viscoelastics in regard to their vision before and after surgery, their ocular pressure and biomicroscopic analysis of the inside of their corneas before and after surgery., conditionsModule conditions: Refractive Errors, conditions: Myopia, conditions: Myopic Astigmatism, conditions: Hypermetropia, designModule studyType: OBSERVATIONAL, designInfo observationalModel: CASE_CONTROL, timePerspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL, enrollmentInfo count: 400, type: ESTIMATED, armsInterventionsModule interventions name: phakic intraocular lens implantation traditional, interventions name: phakic intraocular lens implantation reduced OVD, outcomesModule primaryOutcomes measure: unaided visual acuity after the procedure, primaryOutcomes measure: best corrected visual acuity after the procedure, secondaryOutcomes measure: Intraocular pressure postoperatively, secondaryOutcomes measure: Specular microscopy parameter: endothelial cell density, secondaryOutcomes measure: Specular microscopy parameter: endothelial cells hexagonality, secondaryOutcomes measure: Specular microscopy parameter: coefficient of variation of corneal endothelial cells, otherOutcomes measure: postoperative complications, eligibilityModule sex: ALL, minimumAge: 18 Years, maximumAge: 50 Years, stdAges: ADULT, contactsLocationsModule locations facility: Al-Ferdows private eye hospital, status: RECRUITING, city: Baghdad, country: Iraq, contacts name: Sohaib A Mahmood, CABMS, role: CONTACT, phone: 00971585358111, email: sohaib.mahmood@meciq.edu.iq, contacts name: Sami A Hasoon, role: CONTACT, phone: +9647901867279, email: Ferdouseyeshospital@yahoo.com, contacts name: Sohaib A Mahmood, CABMS, role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR, contacts name: Loay A Almusawi, FIBMS, role: SUB_INVESTIGATOR, contacts name: Hamid M Altaha, CABMS, role: SUB_INVESTIGATOR, contacts name: Bashar Alwash, CABMS, role: SUB_INVESTIGATOR, geoPoint lat: 33.34058, lon: 44.40088, hasResults: False