protocolSection identificationModule nctId: NCT06274346, orgStudyIdInfo id: ahmedU, briefTitle: Effect of Retro Walking Versus Isometric Multi-angular Exercises on Pain and Functional Performance in Knee Osteoarthritis in Geriatric Population, statusModule overallStatus: COMPLETED, startDateStruct date: 2023-06-01, primaryCompletionDateStruct date: 2023-11-10, completionDateStruct date: 2023-11-30, studyFirstPostDateStruct date: 2024-02-23, lastUpdatePostDateStruct date: 2024-02-23, sponsorCollaboratorsModule leadSponsor name: Delta University for Science and Technology, class: OTHER, descriptionModule briefSummary: Osteoarthritis is a leading musculoskeletal cause of disability in elderly persons all over the world and a major cause of physical limitations and reduced quality of life (1). Its onset is around 40 years of age and it is estimated that over 80% of people over 55 have evidence of radiographic changes in the knee due to osteoarthritis. It has been estimated that the incidence has increased by the increase in life expectancy and it has been identified as a frequent cause for health services demand in patients over 65(2).The common clinical manifestations of knee OA include pain, stiffness, joint enlargement, crepitus, muscle weakness, deformity, impaired proprioception, reduced joint motion, and disability(3).Patients with knee Osteoarthritis seems to develop their own gait pattern and try to unload the affected structures during gait. More over patients with less severe knee osteoarthritis develop a gait pattern that differs from patients with severe osteoarthritis and control group of patients (4).Isometric exercises are types of strength training in which the joint angle and muscle length do not change during contraction, and therefore this approach can be advantageous in the early stages of knee rehabilitation in cases where the range of motion is restricted due to pain (13). No physical work is performed during isometric exercise. Intensity and duration combination reflects the energy consumption of an isometric contraction (14). In addition, muscle strength increases in isometric exercise are specific to the angle applied. It was also concluded that isometric exercise performed at different angles should be especially considered as an alternative strength training since it induces the most noticeable and fastest increase in muscle moment (15). A study was conducted to investigate the effects of isometric quadriceps exercise on muscle strength, pain, and function in knee osteoarthritis, it was concluded that isometric quadriceps exercise program showed beneficial effects on quadriceps muscle strength, pain, and functional disability in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee (16).Another study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Isometric exercise and counseling on level of pain among patients with Knee osteoarthritis, the authors concluded that Isometric exercise and counseling program has significantly reduced pain, stiffness and improved physical function and the authors recommended that Isometric exercise and counselling should be adopted as a routine care in the hospitals treating patients with knee osteoarthritis (17) Thus, we hypothesized that a less intensive walking program such as retro walking program could provide an additional benefit more than those experienced by forward walking program in the previous studies. Therefore, the primary aim of the present study was to compare the effect of retro walking versus isometric multiangular exercises group on knee pain and function in geriatric people.Materials and MethodsThis randomized controlled experimental trial was carried out at the outpatient clinic of faculty of physical therapy, Delta University for science and technology from June 2023 to November 2023. The aims of the study and the study protocol were explained for each patient before participation in the study. All patients signed an approved informed consent form for participation in this study. Before starting the treatment program, a complete history and physical examination will be taken for all patients.Subjects:Sixty male and female geriatric patients had chronic knee osteoarthritis were chosen the outpatient clinic of faculty of physical therapy, Delta University for science and technology. In each case, the diagnosis of knee OA was based on the criteria specified by the American College of Rheumatology.We recorded the height, weight, and medical history, and lower extremity dominance, level of education, occupation and duration of complaints of each patient. All were evaluated at the beginning of the treatment (week 0), at the endpoint of the treatment (week 4), conditionsModule conditions: Knee Osteoarthritis, designModule studyType: INTERVENTIONAL, phases: NA, designInfo allocation: RANDOMIZED, interventionModel: PARALLEL, interventionModelDescription: Patients were randomly assigned into two groups through computer software. We put sixty patients on the software program and the program assigned them randomly. s exercise, straight leg raise, prone knee bending, side lying hip abduction, prone hip extension with 5 seconds hold and a rest interval of 2 seconds for 10 repetitions for each exercise for a period of 4 weeks, 3 days per week was given. Second group was treated by retrowalking exercises in addition to physical therapy interventions including short wave diathermy and strengthening exercise such as static quadriceps exercise, dynamic quadriceps exercise, straight leg raise, prone knee bending, side lying hip abduction, prone hip extension with 5 seconds hold and a rest interval of 2 seconds for 10 repetitions for each exercise for a period of 4 weeks, 3 days per week was given., which were given 3 times/week for 4 consecutive weeks., primaryPurpose: TREATMENT, maskingInfo masking: SINGLE, maskingDescription: Sixty male and female geriatric patients had chronic knee osteoarthritis were chosen the outpatient clinic of faculty of physical therapy, Delta University for science and technology. education, occupation and duration of complaints of each patient. All were evaluated at the beginning of the treatment (week 0), at the endpoint of the treatment (week 4)., whoMasked: PARTICIPANT, enrollmentInfo count: 60, type: ACTUAL, armsInterventionsModule interventions name: Multiangular Isometric exercise, outcomesModule primaryOutcomes measure: Pain intensity, primaryOutcomes measure: Functional assessment:, eligibilityModule sex: ALL, minimumAge: 60 Years, maximumAge: 90 Years, stdAges: ADULT, stdAges: OLDER_ADULT, contactsLocationsModule locations facility: Delta University For Science and Technology, city: Gamasa, state: Almansourah, zip: 38733, country: Egypt, geoPoint lat: 31.44112, lon: 31.53675, hasResults: False