protocolSection identificationModule nctId: NCT06363500, orgStudyIdInfo id: ChantalIRCB, briefTitle: Characterization of HIV-1 Reservoirs in HIV-1 Non-B Infected Adolescents on ART in Cameroon, acronym: AVIR, statusModule overallStatus: COMPLETED, startDateStruct date: 2021-11-01, primaryCompletionDateStruct date: 2023-10-30, completionDateStruct date: 2023-11-30, studyFirstPostDateStruct date: 2024-04-12, lastUpdatePostDateStruct date: 2024-04-12, sponsorCollaboratorsModule leadSponsor name: Chantal Biya International Reference Centre for Research on Prevention and Management of HIV/AIDS, class: OTHER_GOV, descriptionModule briefSummary: Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) can bring HIV-1 in blood plasma to level undetectable by standard tests and allow a near-normal life expectancy for HIV-infected individuals. Unfortunately, cART is not curative, as within a few weeks of treatment cessation, HIV viremia in most patients rebounds except for rare elite or post-treatment controllers of viremia. The primary source of this rebound is the highly stable reservoir of latent yet replication-competent HIV-1 proviruses integrated into the genomic DNA of resting memory CD4+ T cells. To achieve a cure for HIV, understanding the cell reservoir environment is of paramount importance. The size and nature of viral reservoir might vary per timing of therapy, therapeutic response, ART duration, and immune response. Mechanisms of reservoir maintenance generally depend on levels/type of immune recognition, dynamics of viral persistence are different between pediatric and adult populations, owing to, but not limited to, types/numbers of target cells, efficiency in clearing HIV-infected cells, plasma viremia and HIV drug resistance patterns. This difference could become more evident as these children grow toward adolescence (increasing population due to ART benefits), a stage during which suboptimal adherence is frequent, leading to viral rebound and archiving of resistant patterns.Objectives: We plan to conduct a cross sectional study with the aim to characterize HIV reservoirs and their variability according to virological and immunological profiles of non-B HIV-1 vertically infected adolescents receiving antiretroviral therapy. Specifically, we shall (1) evaluate the size of HIV reservoir; (2) Determine HIV-1 genetic variability and drug resistance in cellular reservoirs; (3) Characterize immune activation/inflammation of HIV infected adolescents.Methods: We plan to conduct an observational and comparative study involving 90 HIV-1 non-B infected adolescents aged 10-19 years vertically infected, have been on ART for at least 12 months selected from a cohort of the ongoing EDCTP-READY study; intravenous blood will be collected for CD4/CD8 count, plasmatic viral load, PBMCs isolation, immune activation/inflammatory markers, genotyping and Viral reservoir quantification. We will as well recruit a group of 30 HIV-negative adolescents as control for immunological profiling.Overall impact: Our findings will help in advancing knowledge on HIV reservoir, in terms of size and genetic variability in adolescents living with HIV (ADLHIV). Such evidence will also help in understanding the effects of ART timing and duration on the size of reservoirs among ADLHIV, a unique population from whom findings generated will largely contribute in designing functional cure strategies in this vulnerable population., conditionsModule conditions: Characterization of HIV Reservoirs in Adolescents, designModule studyType: OBSERVATIONAL, designInfo observationalModel: OTHER, timePerspective: CROSS_SECTIONAL, enrollmentInfo count: 140, type: ACTUAL, armsInterventionsModule interventions name: non applicable, outcomesModule primaryOutcomes measure: Archived HIV drug resistance mutations, secondaryOutcomes measure: HIV-1 reservoirs measurement, eligibilityModule sex: ALL, minimumAge: 10 Years, maximumAge: 19 Years, stdAges: CHILD, stdAges: ADULT, contactsLocationsModule locations facility: Chantal Biya International Reference Centre, city: Yaounde, state: Centre, zip: 99999, country: Cameroon, geoPoint lat: 3.86667, lon: 11.51667, hasResults: False