protocolSection identificationModule nctId: NCT06384508, orgStudyIdInfo id: NL83340.058.23, briefTitle: Decrease Trauma-related Shame With Virtual Reality: The Effectiveness of SHINE-VR, acronym: SHINE-VR, statusModule overallStatus: NOT_YET_RECRUITING, startDateStruct date: 2024-04-20, primaryCompletionDateStruct date: 2024-10-31, completionDateStruct date: 2024-10-31, studyFirstPostDateStruct date: 2024-04-25, lastUpdatePostDateStruct date: 2024-04-25, sponsorCollaboratorsModule leadSponsor name: Universiteit Leiden, class: OTHER, collaborators name: University of Amsterdam, descriptionModule briefSummary: Suffering from PTSD in childhood can have detrimental formative consequences. Researchers have been eager to develop effective interventions and to enhance treatment motivation since the introduction of the diagnosis of PTSD in the DSM. With evolving understanding of the disorder, its definition and criteria have changed over the course of time. The most recent change involves the addition of the criterium D of negative affects or emotions in relation to PTSD, the feeling of shame amongst others. Individuals experiencing interpersonal trauma, such as sexual abuse, are at high-risk developing trauma-related shame, which in turn can impact the course and effectiveness of PTSD treatment. Shame-inducing situations are typically being avoided, and the feelings are not disclosed to peers and other people. Hence, acknowledging and sharing feelings of shame as well as practicing self-compassion have been proposed to reduce the impact of that negative self-conscious emotion. These aspects get partially tackled in evidence-based trauma therapies, however, there appears to be a need for a more specific trauma-related shame intervention in addition to existing treatments. Recent research has focused on developing such interventions for adults and has reported positive effects.To our knowledge, there is no intervention specifically tackling trauma-related shame in adolescents. Virtual Reality (VR) is a promising tool for such an intervention. Findings suggest that including VR in a treatment results in high treatment satisfaction and that it is highly motivating for its users, which is a crucial component for treatment success.The goal of this study is to test the effectiveness of a short-term VR shame intervention (SHINE-VR) for adolescents suffering from PTSD after having experienced sexual abuse. The primary objectives of this study to assess the effect of SHINE-VR on trauma-related shame, self-compassion, and PTSD symptom reduction, to investigate whether treatment motivation, an increase in self-compassion, and a decrease in trauma-related shame are associated with PTSD symptom reduction, and the evaluation of SHINE-VR by assessing the feasibility of the intervention., conditionsModule conditions: Shame, designModule studyType: INTERVENTIONAL, phases: NA, designInfo allocation: RANDOMIZED, interventionModel: PARALLEL, interventionModelDescription: Single Case Experimental Design (ABC) with two different baseline lengths, primaryPurpose: TREATMENT, maskingInfo masking: SINGLE, maskingDescription: The participants are unaware of different baseline lengths, whoMasked: PARTICIPANT, enrollmentInfo count: 10, type: ESTIMATED, armsInterventionsModule interventions name: SHINE-VR, outcomesModule primaryOutcomes measure: Trauma-related shame, primaryOutcomes measure: Self-compassion, secondaryOutcomes measure: PTSD symptoms, secondaryOutcomes measure: Treatment motivation, eligibilityModule sex: ALL, minimumAge: 12 Years, maximumAge: 17 Years, stdAges: CHILD, contactsLocationsModule locations facility: iMindU Practice for Child, Adolescent and Adult Psychiatry, city: Leiden, state: South Holland, zip: 2311 EX, country: Netherlands, contacts name: Marie-Jose van Hoof, MD PhD, role: CONTACT, contacts name: Marie-Jose van Hoof, MD PHD, role: PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATOR, geoPoint lat: 52.15833, lon: 4.49306, locations facility: LEVVEL, city: Amsterdam, country: Netherlands, contacts name: Ramon Lindauer, Prof. Dr., role: CONTACT, geoPoint lat: 52.37403, lon: 4.88969, hasResults: False