#include #include using namespace std; const long long MOD = (int)1e9 + 7; struct Node { long long maxval, maxflip; int idx_of_maxval, idx_of_maxflip; Node() {} Node(int i, long long v): maxval(v), idx_of_maxval(i), maxflip(((long long)v * (MOD - 1)) % MOD), idx_of_maxflip(i) {} }; template class segment_tree { static T join_values(const T &a, const T &b) { Node res; if (a.maxval > b.maxval || (a.maxval == b.maxval && a.idx_of_maxval < b.idx_of_maxval)) { res.maxval = a.maxval; res.idx_of_maxval = a.idx_of_maxval; } else { res.maxval = b.maxval; res.idx_of_maxval = b.idx_of_maxval; } if (a.maxflip > b.maxflip || (a.maxflip == b.maxflip && a.idx_of_maxflip < b.idx_of_maxflip)) { res.maxflip = a.maxflip; res.idx_of_maxflip = a.idx_of_maxflip; } else { res.maxflip = b.maxflip; res.idx_of_maxflip = b.idx_of_maxflip; } return res; } static void join_value_with_delta(T &v, const D &d, int len) { if (d) { // Flip all values in v.lo .. v.hi. swap(v.maxval, v.maxflip); swap(v.idx_of_maxval, v.idx_of_maxflip); } } static D join_deltas(const D &d1, const D &d2) { return d1 ^ d2; } int len; std::vector value; std::vector delta; std::vector pending; template void build(int i, int lo, int hi, It arr) { if (lo == hi) { value[i] = Node(lo, *(arr + lo)); return; } int mid = lo + (hi - lo)/2; build(i*2 + 1, lo, mid, arr); build(i*2 + 2, mid + 1, hi, arr); value[i] = join_values(value[i*2 + 1], value[i*2 + 2]); } void push_delta(int i, int lo, int hi) { if (pending[i]) { join_value_with_delta(value[i], delta[i], hi - lo + 1); if (lo != hi) { int l = 2*i + 1, r = 2*i + 2; delta[l] = pending[l] ? join_deltas(delta[l], delta[i]) : delta[i]; delta[r] = pending[r] ? join_deltas(delta[r], delta[i]) : delta[i]; pending[l] = pending[r] = true; } pending[i] = false; } } T query(int i, int lo, int hi, int tgt_lo, int tgt_hi) { push_delta(i, lo, hi); if (lo == tgt_lo && hi == tgt_hi) { return value[i]; } int mid = lo + (hi - lo)/2; if (tgt_lo <= mid && mid < tgt_hi) { return join_values( query(i*2 + 1, lo, mid, tgt_lo, std::max(tgt_hi, mid)), query(i*2 + 2, mid + 1, hi, std::max(tgt_lo, mid + 1), tgt_hi)); } if (tgt_lo <= mid) { return query(i*2 + 1, lo, mid, tgt_lo, std::min(tgt_hi, mid)); } return query(i*2 + 2, mid + 1, hi, std::max(tgt_lo, mid + 1), tgt_hi); } void update(int i, int lo, int hi, int tgt_lo, int tgt_hi, const D &d) { push_delta(i, lo, hi); if (hi < tgt_lo || lo > tgt_hi) { return; } if (tgt_lo <= lo && hi <= tgt_hi) { delta[i] = d; pending[i] = true; push_delta(i, lo, hi); return; } update(2*i + 1, lo, (lo + hi)/2, tgt_lo, tgt_hi, d); update(2*i + 2, (lo + hi)/2 + 1, hi, tgt_lo, tgt_hi, d); value[i] = join_values(value[2*i + 1], value[2*i + 2]); } public: template segment_tree(It lo, It hi) : len(hi - lo), value(4*len), delta(4*len), pending(4*len, false) { build(0, 0, len - 1, lo); } int size() const { return len; } T query(int lo, int hi) { return query(0, 0, len - 1, lo, hi); } void update(int i, const D &d) { update(0, 0, len - 1, i, i, d); } void update(int lo, int hi, const D &d) { update(0, 0, len - 1, lo, hi, d); } }; long long solve() { int N, Q; cin >> N; vector A(N); for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) { cin >> A[i]; } segment_tree S(A.begin(), A.end()); long long ans = 0; cin >> Q; for (int i = 0, l, r; i < Q; i++) { cin >> l >> r; l--; r--; S.update(l, r, 1); ans += S.query(0, N - 1).idx_of_maxval+1; } return ans; } int main() { int T; cin >> T; for (int t = 1; t <= T; t++) { cout << "Case #" << t << ": " << solve() << endl; } return 0; }