user: Podrías decirme como crear una interfaz sencilla (también conocida como gui) de una calculadora para el lenguaje de programación Python? intenta encontrar un código que sirva tanto para una calculadora corriente como para una calculadora científica, gracias.

assistant: Claro que puedo decirte como crear la interfaz (GUI) en Python...
he encontrado algunos ejemplos que pueden ayudarte:

`simple.py`
```py
from tkinter import Tk, Text, Button, END, re

class Interfaz:
    def __init__(self, ventana):
        #Inicializar la ventana con un título
        self.ventana = ventana
        self.ventana.title("Calculadora")

        #Agregar una caja de texto para que sea la pantalla de la calculadora
        self.pantalla = Text(ventana, state="disabled", width=40, height=3, background="orchid", foreground="white", font=("Helvetica",15))

        #Ubicar la pantalla en la ventana
        self.pantalla.grid(row=0, column=0, columnspan=4, padx=5, pady=5)

        #Inicializar la operación mostrada en pantalla como string vacío
        self.operacion = ""

        #Crear los botones de la calculadora
        boton1 = self.crearBoton(7)
        boton2 = self.crearBoton(8)
        boton3 = self.crearBoton(9)
        boton4 = self.crearBoton(u"\u232B", escribir=False)
        boton5 = self.crearBoton(4)
        boton6 = self.crearBoton(5)
        boton7 = self.crearBoton(6)
        boton8 = self.crearBoton(u"\u00F7")
        boton9 = self.crearBoton(1)
        boton10 = self.crearBoton(2)
        boton11 = self.crearBoton(3)
        boton12 = self.crearBoton("*")
        boton13 = self.crearBoton(".")
        boton14 = self.crearBoton(0)
        boton15 = self.crearBoton("+")
        boton16 = self.crearBoton("-")
        boton17 = self.crearBoton("=", escribir=False, ancho=20, alto=2)

        #Ubicar los botones con el gestor grid
        botones = (boton1, boton2, boton3, boton4, boton5, boton6, boton7, boton8, boton9, boton10, boton11, boton12, boton13, boton14, boton15, boton16, boton17)
        contador = 0
        for fila in range(1,5):
            for columna in range(4):
                botones[contador].grid(row=fila, column=columna)
                contador+=1
        #Ubicar el último botón al final
        botones[16].grid(row=5,column=0,columnspan=4)
        return

    #Crea un botón mostrando el valor pasado por parámetro
    def crearBoton(self, valor, escribir=True, ancho=9, alto=1):
        return Button(self.ventana, text=valor, width=ancho, height=alto, font=("Helvetica",15), command=lambda:self.click(valor,escribir))

    #Controla el evento disparado al hacer click en un botón
    def click(self, texto, escribir):
        #Si el parámetro 'escribir' es True, entonces el parámetro texto debe mostrarse en pantalla. Si es False, no.
        if not escribir:
            #Sólo calcular si hay una operación a ser evaluada y si el usuario presionó '='
            if texto == "=" and self.operacion != "":
                #Reemplazar el valor unicode de la división por el operador división de Python '/'
                self.operacion = re.sub(u"\u00F7", "/", self.operacion)
                resultado = str(eval(self.operacion))
                self.operacion=""
                self.limpiarPantalla()
                self.mostrarEnPantalla(resultado)
            #Si se presionó el botón de borrado, limpiar la pantalla
            elif texto == u"\u232B":
                self.operacion = ""
                self.limpiarPantalla()
        #Mostrar texto
        else:
            self.operacion += str(texto)
            self.mostrarEnPantalla(texto)
        return

    #Borra el contenido de la pantalla de la calculadora
    def limpiarPantalla(self):
        self.pantalla.configure(state="normal")
        self.pantalla.delete("1.0", END)
        self.pantalla.configure(state="disabled")
        return

    #Muestra en la pantalla de la calculadora el contenido de las operaciones y los resultados
    def mostrarEnPantalla(self, valor):
        self.pantalla.configure(state="normal")
        self.pantalla.insert(END, valor)
        self.pantalla.configure(state="disabled")
        return

ventana_principal = Tk()
calculadora = Interfaz(ventana_principal)
ventana_principal.mainloop()
```

Quieres que continúe con la calculadora científica?

user: Si por favor me gustaría que me mostraras el ejemplo de la calculadora científica

assistant: Así seria la implementación de una calculadora científica usando `tkinter` y `numpy`:

```python
from tkinter import *
import math
import numpy as np

def button_click(char):
    global calc_operator
    calc_operator += str(char)
    text_input.set(calc_operator)

def button_clear_all():
    global calc_operator
    calc_operator = ""
    text_input.set("")

def button_delete():
    global calc_operator
    text = calc_operator[:-1]
    calc_operator = text
    text_input.set(text)

def factorial(n):
    if n==0 or n==1:
        return 1
    else:
        return n*factorial(n-1)

def fact_func():
    global calc_operator
    result = str(factorial(int(calc_operator)))
    calc_operator = result
    text_input.set(result)

def trig_sin():
    global calc_operator
    result = str(math.sin(math.radians(int(calc_operator))))
    calc_operator = result
    text_input.set(result)

def trig_cos():
    global calc_operator
    result = str(math.cos(math.radians(int(calc_operator))))
    calc_operator = result
    text_input.set(result)

def trig_tan():
    global calc_operator
    result = str(math.tan(math.radians(int(calc_operator))))
    calc_operator = result
    text_input.set(result)

def trig_cot():
    global calc_operator
    result = str(1/math.tan(math.radians(int(calc_operator))))
    calc_operator = result
    text_input.set(result)

def square_root():
    global calc_operator
    if int(calc_operator)>=0:
        temp = str(eval(calc_operator+'**(1/2)'))
        calc_operator = temp
    else:
        temp = "ERROR"
    text_input.set(temp)

def third_root():
    global calc_operator
    if int(calc_operator)>=0:
        temp = str(eval(calc_operator+'**(1/3)'))
        calc_operator = temp
    else:
        temp = "ERROR"
    text_input.set(temp)

def sign_change():
    global calc_operator
    if calc_operator[0]=='-':
        temp = calc_operator[1:]
    else:
        temp = '-'+calc_operator
    calc_operator = temp
    text_input.set(temp)    

def percent():
    global calc_operator
    temp = str(eval(calc_operator+'/100'))
    calc_operator = temp
    text_input.set(temp)

def button_equal():
    global calc_operator
    temp_op = str(eval(calc_operator))
    text_input.set(temp_op)
    calc_operator = temp_op


sin, cos, tan = math.sin, math.cos, math.tan
log, ln = math.log10, math.log
e = math.exp
p = math.pi
E = '*10**'

tk_calc = Tk()
tk_calc.configure(bg="#293C4A", bd=10)
tk_calc.title("Scientific Calculator")

calc_operator = ""
text_input = StringVar()

text_display = Entry(tk_calc, font=('sans-serif', 20, 'bold'), textvariable=text_input,
                     bd=5, insertwidth = 5, bg='#BBB', justify='right').grid(columnspan=5, padx = 10, pady = 15)

button_params = {'bd':5, 'fg':'#BBB', 'bg':'#3C3636', 'font':('sans-serif', 20, 'bold')}
button_params_main = {'bd':5, 'fg':'#000', 'bg':'#BBB', 'font':('sans-serif', 20, 'bold')}

abs_value = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='abs',
                   command=lambda:button_click('abs(')).grid(row=1, column=0, sticky="nsew")

modulo = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='mod',
                command=lambda:button_click('%')).grid(row=1, column=1, sticky="nsew")

int_div = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='div',
                 command=lambda:button_click('//')).grid(row=1, column=2, sticky="nsew")

factorial_button = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='x!',
                   command=fact_func).grid(row=1, column=3, sticky="nsew")

eulers_num = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='e',
                    command=lambda:button_click(str(math.exp(1)))).grid(row=1, column=4, sticky="nsew")

sine = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='sin',
             command=trig_sin).grid(row=2, column=0, sticky="nsew")

cosine = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='cos',
             command=trig_cos).grid(row=2, column=1, sticky="nsew")

tangent = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='tan',
             command=trig_tan).grid(row=2, column=2, sticky="nsew")

cotangent = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='cot',
             command=trig_cot).grid(row=2, column=3, sticky="nsew")

pi_num = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='π',
                command=lambda:button_click(str(math.pi))).grid(row=2, column=4, sticky="nsew")


second_power = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='x\u00B2',
             command=lambda:button_click('**2')).grid(row=3, column=0, sticky="nsew")

third_power = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='x\u00B3',
             command=lambda:button_click('**3')).grid(row=3, column=1, sticky="nsew")

nth_power = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='x^n',
             command=lambda:button_click('**')).grid(row=3, column=2, sticky="nsew")

inv_power = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='x\u207b\xb9',
             command=lambda:button_click('**(-1)')).grid(row=3, column=3, sticky="nsew")

tens_powers = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='10^x', font=('sans-serif', 15, 'bold'),
                     command=lambda:button_click('10**')).grid(row=3, column=4, sticky="nsew")


square_root = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='\u00B2\u221A',
                     command=square_root).grid(row=4, column=0, sticky="nsew")

third_root = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='\u00B3\u221A',
                    command=third_root).grid(row=4, column=1, sticky="nsew")

nth_root = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='\u221A',
                  command=lambda:button_click('**(1/')).grid(row=4, column=2, sticky="nsew")

log_base10 = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='log\u2081\u2080', font=('sans-serif', 16, 'bold'),
                   command=lambda:button_click('log(')).grid(row=4, column=3, sticky="nsew")

log_basee = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='ln',
                   command=lambda:button_click('ln(')).grid(row=4, column=4, sticky="nsew")

left_par = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='(',
                  command=lambda:button_click('(')).grid(row=5, column=0, sticky="nsew")

right_par = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text=')',
                   command=lambda:button_click(')')).grid(row=5, column=1, sticky="nsew")   

signs = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='\u00B1',
               command=sign_change).grid(row=5, column=2, sticky="nsew")

percentage = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='%',
               command=percent).grid(row=5, column=3, sticky="nsew")

ex = Button(tk_calc, button_params, text='e^x',
               command=lambda:button_click('e(')).grid(row=5, column=4, sticky="nsew")

button_7 = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='7',
                  command=lambda:button_click('7')).grid(row=6, column=0, sticky="nsew")
button_8 = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='8',
                  command=lambda:button_click('8')).grid(row=6, column=1, sticky="nsew")
button_9 = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='9',
                  command=lambda:button_click('9')).grid(row=6, column=2, sticky="nsew")
delete_one = Button(tk_calc, bd=5, fg='#000', font=('sans-serif', 20, 'bold'),
              text='DEL', command=button_delete, bg='#db701f').grid(row=6, column=3, sticky="nsew")
delete_all = Button(tk_calc, bd=5, fg='#000', font=('sans-serif', 20, 'bold'),
              text='AC', command=button_clear_all, bg='#db701f').grid(row=6, column=4, sticky="nsew")

button_4 = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='4',
                  command=lambda:button_click('4')).grid(row=7, column=0, sticky="nsew")
button_5 = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='5',
                  command=lambda:button_click('5')).grid(row=7, column=1, sticky="nsew")
button_6 = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='6',
                  command=lambda:button_click('6')).grid(row=7, column=2, sticky="nsew")
mul = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='*',
             command=lambda:button_click('*')).grid(row=7, column=3, sticky="nsew")
div = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='/',
             command=lambda:button_click('/')).grid(row=7, column=4, sticky="nsew")

button_1 = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='1',
                  command=lambda:button_click('1')).grid(row=8, column=0, sticky="nsew")
button_2 = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='2',
                  command=lambda:button_click('2')).grid(row=8, column=1, sticky="nsew")
button_3 = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='3',
                  command=lambda:button_click('3')).grid(row=8, column=2, sticky="nsew")
add = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='+',
             command=lambda:button_click('+')).grid(row=8, column=3, sticky="nsew")
sub = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='-',
             command=lambda:button_click('-')).grid(row=8, column=4, sticky="nsew")

button_0 = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='0',
                  command=lambda:button_click('0')).grid(row=9, column=0, sticky="nsew")
point = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='.',
               command=lambda:button_click('.')).grid(row=9, column=1, sticky="nsew")
exp = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='EXP', font=('sans-serif', 16, 'bold'),
             command=lambda:button_click(E)).grid(row=9, column=2, sticky="nsew")
equal = Button(tk_calc, button_params_main, text='=',
               command=button_equal).grid(row=9, columnspan=2, column=3, sticky="nsew")


tk_calc.mainloop()
```

user: Funciona de maravilla, muchas gracias amigo.

assistant: De nada. Si quieres hacer más consultas, estoy a tu disposición.