Eli Siegel was an antiracist in   some background   Dear Wllmcw  Just to be absolutely clear in case there is any doubt I give more reasons to see that Eli Siegels magazine essay The Equality of Man is an antiracist work The modern reader wouldnt be expected to know the background that was vivid in the the  readers mindthe reader for whom Mr Siegel was writing  First of course he did not use the term racism in this essay because it didnt exist The term racism according to the Oxford English Dictionary emerged in the early s as distinct from the theories of race which had existed for at least a hundred years before that    I do not believe it was necessary to use the term race in the essay eithera word much misused and which is almost impossible to define even today His readers knew what he meant   It is clear that Mr Siegel was criticizing the racial theory of hereditary intelligence He names five particular writersthe big names of the daywhose point of view the essay is a refutation ofa refutation solely by means of clear logic blasting apart their fake arguments   Siegel wrote The world has always been carried on as if men were unequalthe Galtons Nietzsches McDougalls Termans and Menckens are the present enunciators of the theorythat to some men nature has seen fit to give so much more intelligence than to others that these first are fit by birth to rule the secondThis writing will aim to show that Men Are Equalin the clear and full meaning of the words The Modern Quarterly vol  no  December   People reading The Equality of Man in  would know these Galton Nietzsche McDougall Terman and Mencken and their followers promulgated the racial theory of inferiority Even Siegels title The Equality of Man contrasts dramatically with Galtons most popular title Hereditary Genius Lets look at these five men one by one   Galton The readers of Siegels article would know that Galton Sir Francis Galton was for racial INFERIORITY  One of the historical peaks of scientific racism was the establishment of eugenics Francis Galton who happened to be cousin to Darwin is conventionally held responsible for the beginning of this scientific study of breeding and its improvement In the chapter of his book Hereditary Genius  published in   entitled The Comparative Worth of Different Races Galton uses a sort of grading scale to point out the place of each race in the classification system he used  The works of these authors Petty Darwin Galton have been used to justify many atrocities including slavery colonization and racial genocide during the period of the authors lives to more recent violations of human rights and attempts to keep races pure  ie Adolf Hitlers notion of the Final Solution and the master Aryan race httpserendipbrynmawredubiologybfwebhossainhtml    Terman The readers of Siegels article would know Lewis M Terman psychology professor at Stanford University was for racial INFERIORITY  For example   Chorover credited Terman with injecting race into the IQ debate Terman claimed that mental deficiency is very common in SpanishIndian and Mexican familiesand also among Negros He also warned that if we would preserve our state for a class of people worthy to possess it we must prevent as far as possible the propagation of mental degenerates Lenny Lapon URL httpwwwtruthseekersfreeservecouktruthtrmurderershtml  The beginning of the IQtesting movement overlapped with the eugenics movement  hugely popular in America and Europe among the better sort before Hitler gave it a bad name  which held that intelligence was mostly inherited and that people deficient in it should be discouraged from reproducing httpwwwtimecomtimetimescientistotheriqhtml    McDougall  The readers of Siegels article would know that William McDougall of Harvard University was a racist  McDougall was given the William James Chair of Psychology at Harvard University However  McDougall was not wellreceived at Harvard due to the racist nature of his views on eugenics and his opposition to behaviorism Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology URL httpwwwfindarticlescomparticlesmigisai   Nietzsche The readers of Siegels article would know that Friedrich Nietzsche was was for racial INFERIORITY   Nietzsche wrote for example   The negro represents an earlier phase of human development pp httpwwwfriesiancomnietzschhtm  And  Let us face facts  the people have triumphed  or the slaves the mob the herd whatever you wish to call them  and if the Jews brought it about then no nation ever had a more universal mission on earth The lords are a thing of the past and the ethics of the common man is completely triumphant I dont deny that this triumph might be looked upon as a kind of blood poisoning since it has resulted in a mingling of the races but there can be no doubt that the intoxication has succeeded The redemption of the human race from the lords that is is well under way everything is rapidly becoming Judaized or Christianized or mobized  the word makes no difference p  The Birth of Tragedy and The Genealogy of Morals translated by Francis Golffing Doubleday Anchor Books     Mencken The readers of Siegels article would know that HL Mencken was for racial INFERIORITY  Mencken considered everyone inferior to his superior men But he believed Jews and blacks to be most inferior of all Commentary Mencken and the inferior man Posted by Mac Diva on April    AM httpblogcriticsorgarchivesphp  And this is some of what Mac Diva quotes Mencken as writingand this is what readers of Eli Siegels refutation The Equality of Man would have had in their minds in   The negro no matter how much he is educated must remain as a race in a condition of subservience that he must remain the inferior of the stronger and more intelligent white man so long as he retains racial differentiation Therefore the effort to educate him has awakened in his mind ambitions and aspirations which in the very nature of things must go unrealized and so while gaining nothing whatever materially he has lost all his old contentment peace of mind and happiness  And Mencken also wrote this   The fact remains that the Southern whites have to deal with the actual Negroes before them and not with a theoretical race of African kings These actual Negroes show actual defects that are very real and very serious The leaders of the race engrossed by the almost unbearable injustices that it faces are apt to forget them   Men versus the Man A Correspondence between Robert Rives La Monte Socialist and HL Mencken Individualist  httpwwwiocomgibbonsbmenckenmegaquoteshtml  Eli Siegel was against this horrible ugly way of thinking writing talking feeling and even legislating from the very beginning The US eugenists including these  were used by Hitler as models for his goal It was racism Siegel hated it