Treaty of Lahore   The Treaty of Lahore of March   was a peace treaty marking the end of the First AngloSikh War The Treaty was concluded for the British by the GovernorGeneral Sir Henry Hardinge and two officers of the East India Company and for the Sikhs by the seven year old Maharaja Duleep Singh Bahadur and seven members of the Lahore Durbar acting on his behalf  The terms of the Treaty were punitive  Sikh territory was reduced to a fraction of its former size losing Jammu Kashmir Hazara the territory to the south of the river Sutlej and the forts and territory in the Jalandhar Doab between the rivers Sutlej and BeasArticles   and   In addition controls were placed on the size of the Lahore army and thirtysix field guns were confiscatedArticles  and  The control of the rivers Sutlej and Beas and part of the Indus passed to the British with the proviso that this was not to interfere with the passage of passenger boats owned by the Lahore GovernmentArticle  Also provision was made for the separate sale of Kashmir by the East India Company at a later date to Gulab Singh the Raja of JammuArticle   The AngloSikh Treaties of  Background Maharaja Ranjit Singh Sukerchakia had made Lahore the capital of the Sikh Empire of the Punjab which he built up between  and his death in   After his death factions and assassinations destroyed the unity of the StateAll About Sikhs The Causes of the First AngloSikh War causing alarm to the British because it weakened the buffer against the perceived threat of invasion from the north  Provocative acts by both the British and the Sikhs escalated tension and on December   Hardinge issued a proclamation declaring war on the SikhsAll About Sikhs The First AngloSikh War  The course of the First AngloSikh War is described in detail in the article on that subject The British came very near to defeat at the Battle of Ferozeshah but were eventually victorious and after the defeat of the Sikhs at the Battle of Sobraon the British marched unopposed into Lahore on February  Punjab  Imperial Gazetteer of India v  p   The Peace Treaty The peace treaty was negotiated and drafted by Frederick Currie assisted on military aspects by BrevetMajor Henry Lawrence acting under powers vested in them by Hardinge  The text is given later in this article  Curries diplomatic skills so impressed Hardinge that the home authorities rewarded him with a baronetcy in January Currie Baronets  On March   two days after the signing of the Treaty a supplement comprising eight Articles of Agreement was signed by the same parties  It provided that a British force would remain in Lahore until no longer than the end of the year for the purpose of protecting the person of the Maharajah and the inhabitants of the City of Lahore during the reorganization of the Sikh Army  This supplementary agreement was at the request of the Lahore Durbar The Lahore army would vacate the City convenient quarters would be provided for the British troops and the Lahore Government would pay the extra expensesArticle  to  of the supplementary Agreement  The Agreement also provided that the British would respect the bona fide rights of jagirdars in the Lahore territories and would assist the Lahore Government in recovering the arrears of revenue justly due to the Lahore Government from the kardarskardar an official entrusted with the collection of tax and managers in the territories ceded by the provisions of Articles  and  of the TreatyArticles  and  of the supplementary Agreement  The Treaty of Amritsar The British demanded payment of  million rupeesthese were Nanak Shahi Rupaiya the main currency of the Sikh Empire named after the first Guru of the Sikhs one and a half crore as reparations for the cost of the war  As the Lahore Government was unable to pay the whole of this sum immediately it ceded some of the territories mentioned above including Hazara and Kashmir as equivalent to  million rupees one crore  The Maharaja was also required to pay  million rupees  lakhs immediatelyArticles  and  of the Treaty  The British then sold Kashmir to the Raja of Jammu Gulab Singh for  million rupees  lakhs The treaty of sale was concluded on March   in the Treaty of Amritsar and signed by Gulab Singh Hardinge Currie and LawrenceKashmir Legal Documents Treaty of Amritsar Gulab Singh thus became the founder and first Maharaja of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir  The Treaty of Bhyroval The supplementary Articles of Agreement had specified that the British troops would remain in Lahore until no later than the end of  When the time approached for the British to leave the Durbar requested that the troops should remain until the Maharaja attained the age of  The British consented to this and new articles of agreement were drawn up forming the Treaty of BhyrovalAll About Sikhs The Treaty of Bhyroval  This was signed on December   by Currie Lawrence and  members of the Durbar and later ratified by Hardinge and the young Maharaja  A key condition of the British agreement was that a Resident British officer with an efficient establishment of assistants was to be appointed by the GovernorGeneral to remain at Lahore with full authority to direct and control all matters in every Department of the StateArticle  of the Treaty of Bhyroval The Regent Maharani Jindan Kaur mother of the Maharaja was awarded an annual pension of  rupees  and replaced by a Council of Regency composed of leading Chiefs and Sirdars acting under the control and guidance of the British ResidentArticles   and  of the Treaty of Bhyroval  This effectively gave the British control of the Government  The Text of the  Treaty of Lahore Treaty between the British Government and the State of Lahore  All About Sikhs The Lahore Treaty of The British Library India Office Records  quoteWhereas the treaty of amity and concord which was concluded between the British government and the late Maharajah Runjeet Sing the ruler of Lahore in  was broken by the unprovoked aggression on the British Provinces of the Sikh army in December last and whereas on that occasion by the proclamation dated th December the territories then in the occupation of the Maharajah of Lahore on the left or British bank of the river Sutlej were confiscated and annexed to the British Provinces and since that time hostile operations have been prosecuted by the two Governments the one against the other which have resulted in the occupation of Lahore by the British troops and whereas it has been determined that upon certain conditions peace shall be reestablished between the two Governments the following treaty of peace between the Honourable East India Company and Maharajah Dhuleep Sing Bahadoor and his children heirs and successors has been concluded on the part of the Honourable Company by Frederick Currie Esquire and BrevetMajor Henry Montgomery Lawrence by virtue of full powers to that effect vested in them by the Right Honble Sir Henry Hardinge GCB one of her Britannic Majestys Most Honble Privy Council GovernorGeneral appointed by the Honourable Company to direct and control all their affairs in the East Indies and on the part of His Highness Maharajah Dhuleep Sing by Bhaee Ram Sing Rajah Lal Sing Sirdar Tej Sing Sirdar Chuttur Sing Attareewalla Sirdar Runjore Sing Majeethia Dewan Deena Nath and Fakeer Nooroodden vested with full powers and authority on the part of His Highness  Article  There shall be perpetual peace and friendship between the British Government on the one part and Maharajah Dhuleep Sing his heirs and successors on the other  Article  The Maharajah of Lahore renounces for himself his heirs and successors all claim to or connection with the territories lying to the south of the River Sutlej and engages never to have any concern with those territories or the inhabitants thereof  Article  The Maharajah cedes to the Honble Company in perpetual sovereignty all his forts territories and rights in the Doab or country hill and plain situated between the Rivers Beas and Sutlej  Article  The British Government having demanded from the Lahore State as indemnification for the expenses of the war in addition to the cession of territory described in Article  payment of one and half crore of Rupees and the Lahore Government being