Possible outline  settlement history a dialect area in formation and largely undefined settlement populations too young and too new vocabulary words originating in the West and more recently in Calif phonology  phonetics Unlike the North cotcaught merger and no NCS Unlike the South no glide deletion of ai Not clearly distinct from either Canada or the Midland Unlike Canada little Canadian raising some speakers have the Canadian shift but  is fronter than in Canada Unlike the Midland ou is not fronted and the cotcaught merger is complete but not in San Francisco or  LA But u is fronted like in most of North America Some speakers have the pinpen merger Local dialects California Pacific Northwest Utahnics Recent studies of Oregon and Arizona Jack