Margaux S MilchenThe Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli of Barbary Signed at Tripoli November   Article  has been established as a matter of contention between the English and Arabic translations of the Treaty  Adams criticized the claims to universal authority made by the Roman Catholic Church which may well be the foundation upon which wording of Article  were based

While it is true that Adams signed the aforementioned Treaty it should be noted that he also signed the Declaration of Independence and Bill of Rights both of which serve to further support Adams words as being misconstrued  That Congress unanimously signed the Treaty is absurd when one acknowledges the whole translation issue      

John Adams was both a devout Christian and an independent thinker  In a letter to Benjamin Rush Adams credited religion with the success of his ancestors since their migration to the New World in the s  He also believed that regular church service was beneficial to mans moral sense In  Adams denounced political opponent  Thomas Paines deistic criticisms of Christianity in The Age of Reason saying The Christian religion is above all the religions that ever prevailed or existed in ancient or modern times the religion of wisdom virtue equity and humanity let the Blackguard Paine say what he will  

In light of Adams Christianity it is highly improbable that translations from English to Arabic were accurately transcribed  It is far more plausible that he was rejecting the claims of universal authority proclaimed by the Roman Catholic Church than anything remotely dismissing the foundation upon the Christian religion        

Adams twice served as the VicePresident under President George Washington  The words of our esteemed first President included in his Farewell Address further dispute any notion that these United States of America are not founded upon the Christian religion And let us with caution indulge the supposition that morality can be maintained without religion Whatever may be conceded to the influence of refined education on minds of peculiar structure reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclusion of religious principle

The words of James Madison the Father of Our Constitution clearly contradict the notion that America is not a Christian Nation We have staked the whole of all our political Institutions upon the capacity of mankind for selfgovernment upon the capacity of each and all of us to govern ourselves to control ourselves to sustain ourselves according to the Ten Commandments of God

While Puerto Rico is a territory of the US they have yet to gain Statehood  Indigenous languages have yet to take precedence over the English language in any of our States  Your argument is a moot point until such time as they earn said Statehood  We are all very much aware the US is not Israel restating the obvious is senseless especially when it is irrelevant to the point at hand  Perhaps it is you who should read more