Question: Hawaii v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs, 556 U.S. 163 (2009), was a United States Supreme Court case about the former crown lands of the Hawaiian monarchy, the Court, in an opinion by which Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and has served on the court since January 31, 2006?

full_context: Document 1: John Alite: John Edward Alite also known as Johnny Alletto (born September 30, 1962), is a mobster and hitman of Albanian origin. An associate of the Gambino crime family and John A. Gotti in the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s, he fled in 2003 after learning he had been targeted for murder. He traveled to twenty countries in Europe and South America. While living in Brazil, he was served with an Interpol arrest warrant. He spent two years in Brazilian prisons and was extradited to the US in 2006. He was convicted on several counts of murder conspiracy and racketeering and was sentenced in 2011 to 10 years in prison. He was a prosecution witness against former associates, Gotti and Charles Carneglia.
Document 2: List of monarchs of Hawaii: Kamehameha I established the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1795 after conquering most of the Hawaiian archipelago. In 1810, Kaumualii became a vassal of Kamehameha I, who therefore emerged as the sole sovereign of the island chain of Hawaiʻ i. His dynasty lasted until 1872, and Kingdom of Hawaii lasted until 1893, when Queen Liliuokalani, of the Kalākaua Dynasty, was deposed by a pro-United States led overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. On November 23, 1993, the Congress passed , also known as the "Apology Resolution", acknowledging the American role in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy. President Bill Clinton signed the joint resolution the same day.
Document 3: Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination: After his nomination on January 31, 2017, Neil Gorsuch was confirmed by the Senate on April 7, 2017. Gorsuch, age 49, is the youngest sitting Supreme Court justice since Clarence Thomas. In February 2016, U.S. Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonin Scalia died, leaving a vacancy on the highest federal court in the United States. Article II of the U.S. Constitution requires the president to nominate justices to the Supreme Court, subject to the "advice and consent" of the United States Senate. President Barack Obama, a Democrat, nominated Merrick Garland to fill the vacancy. U.S. Senate majority leader Mitch McConnell, a Republican, arguing that the presidential election cycle having already commenced made the appointment of the next justice a political issue to be decided by voters, refused to bring the Garland nomination to the Senate floor for a vote. McConnell's action held the Supreme Court vacancy open through the end of President Obama's tenure.
Document 4: Samuel Alito: Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. ( ; born April 1, 1950) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President George W. Bush and has served on the court since January 31, 2006.
Document 5: David Souter: David Hackett Souter ( ; born September 17, 1939) is a retired Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He served from October 1990 until his retirement in June 2009. Appointed by President George H. W. Bush to fill the seat vacated by William J. Brennan, Jr., Souter sat on both the Rehnquist and Roberts courts and came to vote reliably with the court's liberal members.
Document 6: E Ola Ke Alii Ke Akua: "E Ola Ke Aliʻ i Ke Akua", translated as "God Save the King", was one of Hawaii's four national anthems. It was composed in 1860 by Prince William Charles Lunalilo, who later became King Lunalilo. Prior to 1860, the Kingdom of Hawaii lacked its own national anthem and had used the British royal anthem "God Save The King". A contest was sponsored in 1860 by Kamehameha IV, who wanted a song with Hawaiian lyrics set to the tune of the British anthem. The winning entry was written by the 25-year-old Lunalilo and was reputed to have been written in 20 minutes. Lunalilo was awarded 10 dollars, which later donated to the Queen's Hospital. His composition became Hawaii's first national anthem. It remained Hawaii's national anthem until 1866, when it was replaced by Queen Liliʻ uokalani's composition "He Mele Lahui Hawaii".
Document 7: Hawaiian Islands: The Hawaiian monarchy was overthrown in 1893 and the United States annexed the islands in 1898. The U.S. state of Hawaii now occupies the archipelago almost in its entirety (including the uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands), with the sole exception of Midway Island, which instead separately belongs to the United States as one of its unincorporated territories within the United States Minor Outlying Islands.
Document 8: Clarence Thomas: Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American judge, lawyer, and government official who currently serves as an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Thomas succeeded Thurgood Marshall and is the second African American to serve on the court.
Document 9: Newlands Resolution: The Newlands Resolution was an Act of Congress to annex the Republic of Hawaii and create the Territory of Hawaii. It was written by and named after United States Congressman Francis G. Newlands.
Document 10: Hawaii v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs: Hawaii v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs, 556 U.S. 163 (2009), was a United States Supreme Court case about the former crown lands of the Hawaiian monarchy, and whether the state's right to sell them was restricted by the 1993 Apology Resolution. The Court, in an opinion by Justice Samuel Alito, ruled unanimously that the state had the power to sell the lands free of encumbrances.
Document 11: Elena Kagan: Elena Kagan (pronounced ; born April 28, 1960) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Kagan is the Court's fourth female justice.
Document 12: Antonin Scalia: Antonin Gregory Scalia ( ; March 11, 1936 – February 13, 2016) was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1986 until his death in 2016. Appointed to the Court by President Ronald Reagan in 1986, Scalia was described as the intellectual anchor for the originalist and textualist position in the Court's conservative wing.
Document 13: S. Haunani Apoliona: S. Haunani Apoliona is a native Hawaiian banker and activist for the Hawaiian sovereignty movement. Apoliona was elected to the Office of Hawaiian Affairs Board of Trustees and became its chairperson. She held federal offices, appointed to the President of the United States Advisory Commission on Asian American and Pacific Islanders and the United States Census Bureau Race Ethnic Advisory Council. As a businesswoman, she held a leadership position with Bank of Hawaii. Hawaii residents also know her as an entertainer and performer with the Hawaiian music group Olomana.
Document 14: Kamehameha Day: Kamehameha Day on June 11 is a public holiday in the state of Hawaii in the United States. It honors Kamehameha the Great, the monarch who first established the unified Kingdom of Hawaiʻ i—comprising the Hawaiian Islands of Niʻ ihau, Kauaʻ i, Oʻ ahu, Molokaʻ i, Lānaʻ i, Kahoʻ olawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻ i. In 1883 a statue of King Kamehameha was dedicated in Honolulu by King David Kalākaua (this was a duplicate, because the original statue was temporarily lost at sea, recovered and is now located in North Kohala, island of Hawai`i.). There are duplicates of this statue in Emancipation Hall at the Capitol Visitor Center in Washington, D.C. and in Hilo, island of Hawai`i.
Document 15: Ceded lands: In Hawaiʻ i, the term "ceded lands" refers to 1.8 million acres (7,300 km²) of land that were the crown lands of the Hawaiian monarchy prior to January 17, 1893, lotted out by Kamehameha III during the Great Mahele. On this date, the government of the Hawaiian Kingdom was overthrown by anti-monarchial residents of Hawai`i. The abrogation of the monarchy led in turn to the formation of a Provisional Government (January 17, 1893 – July 3, 1894) and to the Republic of Hawaiʻ i (July 4, 1894 – August 12, 1898) which was the government that sought and achieved annexation.
ground_truth: Samuel Anthony Alito Jr.