Question: Pre-Madonna was a collection of demos by the singer who was a leading presence during the emergence of what network?

full_context: Document 1: Before the Backstreet Boys 1989–1993: Before The Backstreet Boys 1989–1993 is the unofficial, independently released demo album released by Backstreet Boys member Nick Carter. The songs were recorded by Nick from 1989 to 1993. The song "Hard to Get" was written by Mark J. Dye for Carter and his former singer partner, Malia Tuaileva. Tuaileva appears in a duet on the album and singing solo on the album with the track, "Mansion In Malibu".
Document 2: Michael Jackson videography: American entertainer Michael Jackson (1958–2009) debuted on the professional music scene at age five as a member of The Jackson 5 and began a solo career in 1971 while still part of the group. Jackson has been called the King of Music Videos. Steve Huey of AllMusic observed how Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances, simultaneously breaking down racial barriers. Before "Thriller", Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV, allegedly because he was African American. Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", leading to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, also helping other black music artists gain recognition. MTV employees deny any racism in their coverage, or pressure to change their stance. MTV maintains that they played rock music, regardless of race. The popularity of his videos on MTV helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"; MTV's focus shifted in favor of pop and R&B. His performance on "Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever" changed the scope of live stage show; "That Jackson lip-synced 'Billie Jean' is, in itself, not extraordinary, but the fact that it did not change the impact of the performance is extraordinary; whether the performance was live or lip-synced made no difference to the audience" thus creating an era in which artists re-create the spectacle of music video imagery on stage. Short films like "Thriller" largely remained unique to Jackson, while the group dance sequence in "Beat It" has frequently been imitated. The choreography in "Thriller" has become a part of global pop culture, replicated everywhere from Indian films to prisons in the Philippines. The "Thriller" short film marked an increase in scale for music videos, and has been named the most successful music video ever by the "Guinness World Records".
Document 3: Madonna Studies: Madonna Studies is a term which has been used to refer to a development of a field in several studios since late 1980s. One writer described the "institutionalization of a major subdivision of American media studies into Madonna studies". The field related to the study of and interpretation of the work of American pop musician Madonna using an interdisciplinary approach incorporating cultural studies and media studies. A notable compendium of essays titled "The Madonna Connection" was published in 1992. Controversy over this field of study stemmed from discussions over the intellectual worth of pursuing academic inquiry into a pop musician, with some arguing the field was nothing more than pop cultural commentary.
Document 4: Bedtime Stories (Madonna album): Bedtime Stories is the sixth studio album by American singer Madonna. It was released on October 25, 1994, by Maverick and Warner Bros. Records. Madonna collaborated with Dallas Austin, Babyface, Dave "Jam" Hall, and Nellee Hooper in order to move into a more mainstream sound. The singer wanted to soften her image following the critical and commercial backlash she faced after releasing sexually explicit projects in the previous two years, notably the "Erotica" album and the book "Sex" in 1992. The success of the soundtrack single "I'll Remember" in 1994 marked the beginning of this transformation and Madonna used "Bedtime Stories" to continue it.
Document 5: Bedtime Story (Madonna song): "Bedtime Story" is a song recorded by American singer Madonna for her sixth studio album, "Bedtime Stories" (1994). It was released as the third single from the album on February 13, 1995, by Maverick Records, and it also appears on Madonna's compilation album "GHV2" (2001). "Bedtime Story" was written by Björk, Nellee Hooper and Marius De Vries; it was the only time Björk wrote a song for a Madonna album. She re-wrote a demo of the song to the current version, which was then produced by Madonna and Hooper. A mid-tempo electronic and house song with acid, ambient and techno influences, "Bedtime Story" has an underlying skeletal synth melody influenced by minimal trance music. The track was a departure from Madonna's pop-R&B-based outputs in favor of unconventional and electronic music. Lyrically it talks about the joys of the unconscious world.
Document 6: Cher: Cher ( ; born Cherilyn Sarkisian; May 20, 1946) is an American singer and actress. Sometimes referred to as the Goddess of Pop, she has been described as embodying female autonomy in a male-dominated industry. She is known for her distinctive contralto singing voice and for having worked in numerous areas of entertainment, as well as adopting a variety of styles and appearances during her five-decade-long career.
Document 7: Who's That Girl (soundtrack): Who's That Girl: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the first soundtrack album by American singer and songwriter Madonna. It was released on July 21, 1987 by Sire Records to promote the film of the same name. It also contains songs by her label mates Scritti Politti, Duncan Faure, Club Nouveau, Coati Mundi and Michael Davidson. The soundtrack is credited as a Madonna album, despite her only performing four of the nine tracks on the album. After the commercial success of her film "Desperately Seeking Susan" (1985), Madonna wanted to act in another comedy film titled "Slammer", about a woman named Nikki Finn who was falsely accused of homicide. However, due to the critical and commercial failure of her adventure film "Shanghai Surprise" (1986), Warner Bros. were initially reluctant to green light the project, but later agreed, after Madonna convinced them and also because they wanted to cash in on Madonna's success with soundtracks.
Document 8: Crazy for You (Madonna song): "Crazy for You" is a song by American singer Madonna from the soundtrack album to the 1985 film "Vision Quest". It was released on March 2, 1985 by Geffen Records as the first single from the soundtrack. The song appears remixed on the greatest hits compilation "The Immaculate Collection" (1990) and was re-released on February 24, 1991 by Sire Records to promote the album. The song was also included on the ballads compilation "Something to Remember" (1995) and the greatest hits compilation "Celebration" (2009). Producers Jon Peters and Peter Guber, along with music director Phil Ramone, decided to use Madonna after listening to her previous recordings, employing John Bettis and Jon Lind to write the song. After reading the script of the film, Bettis and Lind wrote the song about the situation in which the lead characters meet at a nightclub. Initial recording sessions did not impress Bettis and Lind, and they felt that "Crazy for You" would be dropped from the soundtrack. However, a new version was recorded to their liking.
Document 9: Secret (Madonna song): "Secret" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Madonna from her sixth studio album, "Bedtime Stories" (1994). It was released on September 20, 1994 as the lead single from the album by Warner Bros. Records as well as Maverick and Sire. The song was later included on her greatest hits compilations "GHV2" (2001) and "Celebration" (2009). "Secret" was developed based on a demo version created by producer Shep Pettibone that was reworked by Dallas Austin, with whom Madonna was working on "Bedtime Stories". Written and produced by the singer with Austin, an additional writer on the track was Pettibone. The song was a departure from the style of music that Madonna had previously released; up to that point in her career her music had mostly been big-sounding dance tracks and melodic ballads. "Secret" combined the pop and R&B genres with instrumentation from an acoustic guitar, drums and strings, while lyrically talking about a lover having a secret, as well as how Madonna realized that one's happiness is under one's control.
Document 10: Madonna filmography: American entertainer Madonna has worked in twenty-six feature films (twenty-one as an actress), nine short films, three theatrical plays, ten television episodes, and sixteen commercials. In 1979, she made her acting debut in the low-budget feature, "A Certain Sacrifice". Its commercial release in 1985 coincided with the success of her second studio album, "Like a Virgin". That same year, she made a cameo appearance as a club singer in the film "Vision Quest"; she also garnered commercial and critical success for the title role in Susan Seidelman's "Desperately Seeking Susan". Madonna followed it with a leading role in the adventure drama, "Shanghai Surprise" (1986), with her then-husband actor Sean Penn. The film was panned by critics, and Madonna received her first Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress. Her next films such as "Who's That Girl" (1987) and "Bloodhounds of Broadway" (1989) were critical and commercial failures. In 1986, she made her theatrical debut in David Rabe's "Goose and Tom-Tom" and her first commercial for Mitsubishi in Japan. She starred in the 1989 commercial for Pepsi-Cola alongside her song "Like a Prayer". Due to the controversy surrounding the song's music video, the commercial was revoked and her contract with Pepsi-Cola was cancelled.
Document 11: Pre-Madonna: Pre-Madonna is a collection of demos by American singer Madonna. The album was released in 1997 by Stephen Bray, who was the producer of the songs when they were recorded, and was distributed by Soultone. It was released as In the Beginning in European countries. Madonna met up with Bray, her former boyfriend, in 1980 when she was trying to establish her music career. She had left the band Breakfast Club and enlisted Bray's help to further her career. Together they started writing songs and recorded them at New York's Music Building studio. The songs recorded at that time—seven of which were written solely by Madonna—were released in "Pre-Madonna".
Document 12: Madonna singles discography: American singer Madonna has released 83 singles and 16 promotional singles, and charted with 14 other songs. In 1982, she signed a contract with Sire Records and Warner Bros. Records, and released her first two singles before launching her eponymous debut album. Her first entry on the US "Billboard" Hot 100 was "Holiday" (1983), which peaked at number 16. The following year, Madonna released "Like a Virgin", which reached number one in Australia, Canada and the US; in the latter it spent six weeks atop the chart. The album "Like a Virgin" spawned three other top five singles: "Material Girl", "Angel", and "Dress You Up". In 1985, Madonna released her second US number-one single, "Crazy for You", and her first UK number-one single, "Into the Groove", both from feature film soundtracks. The following year, her third studio album "True Blue" gave her three number-one singles: "Live to Tell", "Papa Don't Preach", and "Open Your Heart". Two other singles from the album, "True Blue" and "La Isla Bonita", were top-five hits. In 1987, she scored another number-one single with "Who's That Girl". The title track from Madonna's fourth studio album, "Like a Prayer" (1989), was her seventh single to top the Hot 100 chart, making her the female artist with the most number-one singles in the 1980s (shared with Whitney Houston).
Document 13: Music (Madonna album): Music is the eighth studio album by American singer Madonna, released on September 18, 2000 by Maverick and Warner Bros. Records. Following the success of her previous album "Ray of Light" (1998), she intended to embark on a tour. However, her record company encouraged her to return to the studio and record new music before going on the road. Her collaboration with producers Mirwais Ahmadzaï and William Orbit resulted a more experimental direction for the album. "Music" has an overall dance-pop and electronica vibe, with influences from rock, country and folk. The album was mostly recorded at Sarm West and East Studios in London, England. Elaborating a country theme for the album, Madonna reinvented her image as a cowgirl.
Document 14: Madonna (entertainer): Madonna Louise Ciccone ( ; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and businesswoman. A leading presence during the emergence of MTV in the 1980s, Madonna is known for pushing the boundaries of lyrical content in mainstream popular music, as well as visual imagery in music videos and on stage. She has also frequently reinvented both her music and image while maintaining autonomy within the recording industry. Besides sparking controversy, her works have been acclaimed by music critics. Referred to as the "Queen of Pop", Madonna is widely cited as an influence by other artists.
Document 15: List of Madonna live performances: American singer Madonna has embarked on ten concert tours, nine of which have been worldwide. Her 1985 debut, The Virgin Tour, was based in North America only and was critically panned but went on to collect more than US $5 million. In 1987 she performed on the worldwide Who's That Girl World Tour, which visited Europe, North America and Japan. It was critically appreciated for Madonna's showmanship and "exquisite" dresses. She embarked on the Blond Ambition World Tour in 1990, which Don Shewey of "Rolling Stone" called "the best tour of [the year]". The performances featured Madonna simulating masturbation during "Like a Virgin". Officials in Toronto threatened to arrest her unless she removed the masturbation sequence, and in Italy, the Pope called for a boycott. In 1993, Madonna visited Israel and Turkey for the first time, followed by Latin America and Australia, with The Girlie Show World Tour. Madonna opened the show dressed as a whip-cracking dominatrix, surrounded by topless dancers of both sexes. A review in "Time" by Sam Buckley said: "Madonna, once the Harlow harlot and now a perky harlequin, is the greatest show-off on earth."
ground_truth: MTV