Question: Wendell Phillips Before the Concord Lyceum, is an essay style letter-to-the-editor written by Henry David Thoreau, an essayist, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, and historian, of which nationality? 

full_context: Document 1: Angelina Grimké: Angelina Emily Grimké Weld (February 20, 1805 – October 26, 1879) was an American political activist, women's rights advocate, supporter of the women's suffrage movement, and besides her sister, Sarah Moore Grimké, the only known white Southern woman to be a part of the abolition movement. While she was raised a Southerner, she spent her entire adult life living in the North. The time of her greatest fame was between 1836, when a letter she sent to William Lloyd Garrison was published in his anti-slavery newspaper, "The Liberator", and May 1838, when she gave a speech to abolitionists gathered in Philadelphia, with a hostile crowd throwing stones and shouting outside the hall. The essays and speeches she produced in that two-year period were incisive arguments to end slavery and to advance women's rights.
Document 2: Philip Alexander Bell: Philip Alexander Bell (1808-1886) was a 19th century American newspaper editor and abolitionist. Born in New York City, he made his first public speech at the 1832 Colored Convention, and was active in a variety of issues, including abolition, suffrage, and the protection of fugitives. As a young man, he worked for William Lloyd Garrison's anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator. In 1837, he started the New York City newspaper "The Weekly Advocate" edited by Samuel Cornish, later renamed the "Colored American" and co-owned by Charles Bennett Ray. In 1860, he moved to San Francisco where he became co-editor of the African-American newspaper "The Pacific Appeal" and later, founder and editor of "The San Francisco Elevator" during the Reconstruction Era.
Document 3: Thoreau (disambiguation): Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862) was an American author, naturalist, transcendentalist, tax resister, development critic, and philosopher.
Document 4: Henry David Thoreau: Henry David Thoreau (see name pronunciation; July 12, 1817 – May 6, 1862) was an American essayist, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, and historian. A leading transcendentalist, Thoreau is best known for his book "Walden", a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay "Civil Disobedience" (originally published as "Resistance to Civil Government"), an argument for disobedience to an unjust state.
Document 5: Thoreau Society: The Thoreau Society is a literary society devoted to the works of Henry David Thoreau, it is based in Concord, Massachusetts, USA. Established in 1941, it has long contributed to the dissemination of knowledge about Henry David Thoreau by collecting books, manuscripts, and artifacts relating to Thoreau and his contemporaries, by encouraging the use of its collections, and by publishing articles in two Society periodicals.
Document 6: The Heroic Slave: The Heroic Slave, a heartwarming Narrative of the Adventures of Madison Washington, in Pursuit of Liberty is a short piece of fiction written by notable abolitionist Frederick Douglass, at the time a fugitive slave based in Boston. When the Rochester Ladies' Anti Slavery Society asked Douglass for a short story to go in their collection, "Autographs for Freedom", Douglass responded with "The Heroic Slave". The novella, published in 1852 by John P. Jewett and Company, was Douglass' first and only published work of fiction (though he did publish several autobiographical narratives).
Document 7: Walden Woods Project: The Walden Woods Project (WWP) is a nonprofit organisation located in Lincoln, Massachusetts, devoted to the legacy of Henry David Thoreau and the preservation of Walden Woods. It was founded in 1990 by recording artist Don Henley to prevent two development projects in Walden Woods, the forest around Walden Pond that spans Lincoln and Concord, Massachusetts. Its mission has since expanded from conservation to research and education on the works of Henry David Thoreau. In 1998 the Thoreau Institute at Walden Woods was founded as part of the Project; today its library houses a collection of Thoreau-related resources.
Document 8: Frederick Douglass: Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey;  February 1818  – February 20, 1895) was an African-American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, gaining note for his dazzling oratory and incisive antislavery writings. In his time, he was described by abolitionists as a living counter-example to slaveholders' arguments that slaves lacked the intellectual capacity to function as independent American citizens. Northerners at the time found it hard to believe that such a great orator had once been a slave.
Document 9: The Collected Essays and Occasional Writings of Katherine Anne Porter: The Collected Essays and Occasional Writings of Katherine Anne Porter
Document 10: Ralph Waldo Emerson: Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.
Document 11: The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail: The Night Thoreau Spent in Jail is a two-act American play by Robert E. Lee and Jerome Lawrence written in 1969. Hal B. Wallis is producer of the film based on the play, for which both Lawrence and Lee wrote the screenplay. The play is based on the early life of the title character, Henry David Thoreau, leading up to his night spent in a jail in Concord, Massachusetts. Thoreau was jailed for refusing to pay a poll tax on the grounds that the money might be used to pay for the Mexican-American War, which he opposed.
Document 12: Wendell Phillips Before the Concord Lyceum: Wendell Phillips Before the Concord Lyceum is an essay style letter-to-the-editor written by Henry David Thoreau and published in "The Liberator" in 1845 that praised the abolitionist lecturer "Wendell Phillips".
Document 13: The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau: The Writings of Henry D. Thoreau is a project that aims to provide, for the first time, accurate texts of the complete works of Henry David Thoreau, the American author, including his journal, his personal letters, and his writings for publication. Since the project was founded in 1966, Princeton University Press has published sixteen of its volumes.
Document 14: Walking (Thoreau): Walking, or sometimes referred to as "The Wild", is a lecture by Henry David Thoreau first delivered at the Concord Lyceum on April 23, 1851. It was written between 1851 and 1860, but parts were extracted from his earlier journals. Thoreau read the piece a total of ten times, more than any other of his lectures. "Walking" was first published as an essay in the "Atlantic Monthly" after his death in 1862. He considered it one of his seminal works, so much so, that he once wrote of the lecture, "I regard this as a sort of introduction to all that I may write hereafter." Walking is a Transcendental essay in which Thoreau talks about the importance of nature to mankind, and how people cannot survive without nature, physically, mentally, and spiritually, yet we seem to be spending more and more time entrenched by society. For Thoreau walking is a self-reflective spiritual act that occurs only when you are away from society, that allows you to learn about who you are, and find other aspects of yourself that have been chipped away by society. "Walking" is an important canon in the transcendental movement that would lay the foundation for his best known work, "Walden". Along with Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Nature", and George Perkins Marsh's "Man and Nature", it has become one of the most important essays in the environmental movement.
Document 15: Theodore Dwight Weld: Theodore Dwight Weld (November 23, 1803 in Hampton, Connecticut – February 3, 1895 in Hyde Park, Massachusetts) was one of the architects of the American abolitionist movement during its formative years from 1830 through 1844, playing a role as writer, editor, speaker, and organizer. He is best known for his co-authorship of the authoritative compendium "", published in 1839. Harriet Beecher Stowe partly based "Uncle Tom’s Cabin" on Weld's text and it is regarded as second only to that work in its influence on the antislavery movement. Weld remained dedicated to the abolitionist movement until slavery was ended by the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1865.
ground_truth: American