Question: Edward Scobie is best known for research he did in which african immagrants in Europe are born from where?

full_context: Document 1: Afro-Caribbean: Afro-Caribbeans, a term not used by Caribbean's themselves but first coined by American's in late 1960's, attributed Caribbean people who trace at least some of their ancestry to West Africa in the period since Christopher Columbus's arrival in the region in 1492. Other names for this ethnicity include African-Caribbean (especially preferred among the United Kingdom branch of the diaspora), Afro-Antillean, or Afro-West Indian. Between the 16th and 19th centuries, European-led triangular trade brought enslaved West African people to work on Caribbean islands, primarily on various sugar plantations and in domestic households. Many Afro-Caribbeans also have non-African ancestry, such as European, Asian, Middle Eastern, and Native American, as there has been extensive intermarriage and unions among the peoples over the centuries.
Document 2: Great Migration (African American): The Great Migration was the movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1916 and 1970. Until 1910, more than 90 percent of the African-American population lived in the American South. In 1900, only one-fifth of African-Americans living in the South were living in urban areas. By the end of the Great Migration, 53 percent of the African-American population remained in the South, while 40 percent lived in the North, and 7 percent in the West, and the African-American population had become highly urbanized. By 1970, more than 80 percent of African-Americans lived in cities, and by 1960, of those African-Americans still living in the South, half now lived in urban areas. In 1991, Nicholas Lemann wrote that the Great Migration:
Document 3: L'Étudiant noir: L'Étudiant noir, Journal Mensuel de l’Association des Étudiants Martiniquais en France (translated roughly as "The Black Student: Monthly Journal of the Martinican Student Association in France") is a journal created by Aimé Césaire in 1935 in Paris. It contains the first poems written by Léon Damas and some of Leopold Sedar Senghor's first articles, both of whom were student association members at the time. Only two issues of the journal were ever published, March 1935 and May–June 1935. The most notable article was written by Aimé Césaire, titled "Conscience raciale et révolution sociale" ("Racial Consciousness and social revolution") in the May–June 1935 issue, which was the first work to explore the concept of négritude.
Document 4: Edward Scobie: Dr. Edward Vivian Scobie (1918 – 14 November 1996) was a Dominican-born journalist, magazine publisher and historian. He is best known for his research into the black history of Western Europe and his 1972 seminal book "Black Britannia: A History of Blacks in Britain".
Document 5: W. E. B. Du Bois: William Edward Burghardt "W. E. B." Du Bois ( ; February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, writer and editor. Born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, Du Bois grew up in a relatively tolerant and integrated community. After completing graduate work at the University of Berlin and Harvard, where he was the first African American to earn a doctorate, he became a professor of history, sociology and economics at Atlanta University. Du Bois was one of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909.
Document 6: Jan Carew: Jan Rynveld Carew (24 September 1920 – 6 December 2012) was a Guyana-born novelist, playwright, poet and educator, who lived at various times in The Netherlands, Mexico, England, France, Spain, Ghana, Jamaica, Canada and the United States. His works, diverse in form and multifaceted, make Jan Carew an important intellectual of the Caribbean world. His poetry and his first two novels, "Black Midas" and "The Wild Coast" (both published in 1958 by Secker & Warburg in London), were significant landmarks of the West Indian literature then attempting to cope with its colonial past and assert its wish for autonomy. He worked with the late President Cheddi Jagan in the fight for Guianese independence. Carew also played an important part in the Black movement gaining strength in England and North America, publishing reviews and newspapers, producing programs and plays for the radio and the television. His scholarly research drove him to question traditional historiographies and the prevailing historical models of the conquest of America. The way he reframed Christopher Columbus as an historical character outside his mythical hagiography became a necessary path in his mind to build anew the Caribbean world on sounder foundations.
Document 7: Edward Gibbon: Edward Gibbon FRS ( ; 8 May 173716 January 1794) was an English historian, writer and Member of Parliament. His most important work, "The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire", was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788 and is known for the quality and irony of its prose, its use of primary sources, and its open criticism of organised religion.
Document 8: Population history of Egypt: Egypt has a long and involved demographic history. This is partly due to the territory's geographical location at the crossroads of several major cultural areas: Northeast Africa, the Maghreb, the Sahara, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean. In addition, Egypt has experienced several invasions during its long history, including by the Canaanites, the Ancient Libyans, the Assyrians, the Kushites (a Nubian civilization), the Persians, the Greeks, the Romans, and the Arabs.
Document 9: Savacou: Savacou was a journal of literature, new writing and ideas founded in 1970 as a small co-operative venture, led by Edward Kamau Brathwaite, on the Mona campus of the University of the West Indies, Jamaica. Characterised as "groundbreaking" by Alison Donnell, "Savacou" grew out of The Caribbean Artists Movement of the 1960s, which was mostly concerned with Caribbean artistic production and with consolidating a broad artistic alliance between all "Third World" peoples. It took its name from the bird-god in Carib mythology who controlled thunder and strong winds. Issue 1 of "Savacou" was published in June 1970, edited by Brathwaite, Kenneth Ramchand and Andrew Salkey. Its advisory committee included John La Rose, Lloyd King, Gordon Rohlehr, Orlando Patterson, Sylvia Wynter, Paule Marshall and Wilfred Cartey, and among its early contributors were C. L. R. James, Michael Anthony, Derek Walcott, George Lamming, Martin Carter and John Figueroa.
Document 10: European migrant crisis: The European migrant crisis, or the European refugee crisis, is a term given to a period beginning in 2015 when rising numbers of people arrived in the European Union (EU), travelling across the Mediterranean Sea or overland through Southeast Europe. These people included asylum seekers, but also others, such as economic migrants and some hostile agents, including Islamic State militants disguised as refugees or migrants.
Document 11: The Drama of King Shotaway: The Drama of King Shotaway, founded on Facts taken from the Insurrection of the Caravs on the Island of St. Vincent, written from Experience by Mr. Brown (1823) was a play believed to be by William Henry Brown. This was the first known play by a black playwright in the United States. No known copies of the play exist.
Document 12: Scramble for Africa: The "Scramble for Africa" was the occupation, division, and colonisation of African territory by European powers during the period of New Imperialism, between 1881 and 1914. It is also called the Partition of Africa and by some, the Conquest of Africa. In 1870, only 10 percent of Africa was under European control; by 1914 it had increased to almost 90 percent of the continent, with only Ethiopia (Abyssinia), the Dervish state (present-day Somalia) and Liberia still being independent.
Document 13: African immigration to Europe: African immigrants in Europe are either born in Africa or are of African descent but live in Europe. Although immigration from Africa to Europe has increased substantially in recent decades, it is not a recent phenomenon.
Document 14: Coloured people in Namibia: Coloured people in Namibia are people with both European and African ancestry. Coloureds have immigrated to Namibia, been born in Namibia or returned to the country. These distinctively different periods of arrival, from diverse backgrounds and origins have led to a diverse Coloured population. This diversity was even further exploited by South African officials who referred to three distinct groups amongst the coloureds, namely: "Baster", "Cape Coloureds" and "Namibian Coloureds".
Document 15: Immigration to Italy: As of 1 January 2017, there were 5,047,028 foreign nationals resident in Italy. This amounted to 8.2% of the country's population and represented an increase of 92,352 over the previous year. These figures include children born in Italy to foreign nationals (who were 75,067 in 2014; 14.9% of total births in Italy), but exclude foreign nationals who have subsequently acquired Italian nationality; this applied to 129,887 people in 2014. Around 6,2 million people residing in Italy have an immigration background (around the 10% of the country population). They also exclude illegal immigrants whose numbers are difficult to determine. In May 2008, "The Boston Globe" quoted an estimate of 670,000 for this group. The distribution of foreign born population is largely uneven in Italy: 59.5% of immigrants live in the northern part of the country (the most economically developed area), 25.4% in the central one, while only 15.1% live in the southern regions. The children born in Italy to foreign mothers were 102.000 in 2012, 99.000 in 2013 and 97.000 in 2014.
ground_truth: born in Africa or are of African descent