Question: Der Kirschgarten is based on the German translation of the play by the playwright of what nationality?

full_context: Document 1: The Cherry Orchard: The Cherry Orchard (Russian: "Вишнëвый сад" , "Vishnevyi sad " ) is the last play by Russian playwright Anton Chekhov. Written in 1903, it was first published by "Znaniye" (Book Two, 1904), and came out as a separate edition later that year in Saint Petersburg, via A.F. Marks Publishers. It opened at the Moscow Art Theatre on 17 January 1904 in a production directed by Konstantin Stanislavski. Chekhov described the play as a comedy, with some elements of farce, though Stanislavski treated it as a tragedy. Since its first production, directors have contended with its dual nature. It is often identified as one of the three or four outstanding plays by Chekhov, along with "The Seagull", "Three Sisters", and "Uncle Vanya".
Document 2: Der Kirschgarten: Der Kirschgarten (The Cherry Orchard) is an opera in four acts by the Swiss composer Rudolf Kelterborn. The German-language libretto was written by the composer and is based on Gudrun Düwel's German translation of Chekhov's play "The Cherry Orchard". The opera was composed between 1979 and 1981 and premiered on 4 December 1984 at the Zürich Opera House to inaugurate the newly renovated theatre. The premiere production was conducted by Ralf Weikert and directed by Nikolaus Lehnhoff. Evelyn Lear created the pivotal role of Ranevskaya.
Document 3: Valery Kritskov: Valery Kritskov is a Russian conductor who used to take conducting lessons at the Moscow Institute of Culture which were taught by Kirill Tikhonov. He graduated from there in 1988 and then worked in Moscow-based Helikon Opera till he got employed with Novaya Opera in 2002. While there, he conducted many operas including Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's "The Snow Maiden" and "The Tsar’s Bride" as well as Anton Rubinstein's "The Demon" and Tchaikovsky's "The Maid of Orleans". He also conducted works by the Italian composers such as Pietro Mascagni's "Cavalleria rusticana" and Ruggero Leoncavallo's "Pagliacci" and German such as Richard Wagner's "Lohengrin" and Strauss' "Die Fledermaus" as well as a concert dedicated to Vincenzo Bellini. Besides operas, he is also known for his conducting of the Russian ballet based on works by Tchaikovsky and Sergei Prokofiev as well as German and Austrian ballet composers such as Ludwig Minkus and Charles Gounod. Later on, he became a conductor of the Coppélia ballet which was based by Léo Delibes work and was produced by Imperial Russian Ballet. Currently he has two CD recordings called "Chorus of the Novaya Opera Theatre of Moscow" and the "Soloists of the Novaya Opera Theatre of Moscow".
Document 4: Candide (operetta): Candide is an operetta with music composed by Leonard Bernstein, based on the 1759 novella of the same name by Voltaire. The operetta was first performed in 1956 with a libretto by Lillian Hellman; but since 1974 it has been generally performed with a book by Hugh Wheeler which is more faithful to Voltaire's novel. The primary lyricist was the poet Richard Wilbur. Other contributors to the text were John Latouche, Dorothy Parker, Lillian Hellman, Stephen Sondheim, John Mauceri, John Wells, and Bernstein himself. Maurice Peress and Hershy Kay contributed orchestrations. Although unsuccessful at its premiere, "Candide" has now overcome the unenthusiastic reaction of early audiences and critics and achieved enormous popularity. It is very popular among major music schools as a student show because of the quality of its music and the opportunities it offers to student singers.
Document 5: Schneewittchen (opera): Schneewittchen (Snow White) is an opera by Heinz Holliger. He wrote the libretto based on a poetic text by Robert Walser in iambic trimeter. The opera received its première on 17 October 1998 at the Zurich Opera House which had commissioned the work. The work is a psychoanalytical reworking of the fairy tale, analysing the complex relationships between the roles. It is not a .
Document 6: Tatiana Repina: Tatiana Repina (Russian: Татьяна Репина ) — is a one-act drama play written by Russian writer Anton Chekhov in 1889. It is a sequel of Alexey Suvorin's play "Tatiana Repina", with the same characters. Chekhov's drama was dedicated to Suvorin. Chekhov was friends with him and actively participated in the production of his "Tatyana Repina" play in Moscow.
Document 7: The Boor (opera): The Boor is an opera in one act composed by Ulysses Kay to a libretto based on Anton Chekhov's comic play, "The Bear" (also known as "The Boor"). Kay wrote the libretto himself basing it on an English translation of the play by the composer Vladimir Ussachevsky. The opera was commissioned by the Koussevitsky Foundation of the Library of Congress and is dedicated to the memory of Natalie and Serge Koussevitzky. It premiered on 2 April 1968 in concert version at the University of Kentucky in Lexington, Kentucky.
Document 8: The Snow Maiden: The Snow Maiden (subtitle: A Spring Fairy Tale) (Russian: Снегурочка–Весенняя сказка , "Snegúrochka–Vesennyaya Skazka") is an opera in four acts with a prologue by Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, composed during 1880–1881. The Russian libretto, by the composer, is based on the like-named play by Alexander Ostrovsky (which had premiered in 1873 with incidental music by Tchaikovsky).
Document 9: Armenian opera: Armenian opera is the art of opera in Armenia or opera by Armenian composers. The founder of the Armenian operatic tradition was Dikran Tchouhadjian (1837-98), who was born in Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire and received his musical education in Milan, where he became a great admirer of Verdi. He was a political and musical nationalist who mixed Western and Armenian influences in his work. His "Arshak Erkrord" is regarded as the first Armenian opera. It was written in 1868 but had to wait until 1945 for a full staging. The libretto, by Tovmas Terzian, is based on the life of the 4th-century king Arsaces II (Arshak II). Chukhadjian's other operas include "Arifi khardakhutyune" ("The Government Inspector", based on the play by Gogol, 1872); "Zemire" (1891), which was written in Turkish and premiered in Constantinople; as well as "Kyose Kyokhva" ("The Balding Elder"), "Lelebidj" ("The Pea Seller") and "Indiana".
Document 10: Afterplay (play): Afterplay is a 2002 one-act play by Brian Friel. It centres on two characters from Chekhov (Sonya from "Uncle Vanya" and Andrey from "Three Sisters") meeting in Moscow in the 1920s.
Document 11: The Bear (play): The Bear: A Joke in One Act, or The Boor (Russian: "Медведь: Шутка в одном действии" , "Medved': Shutka v odnom deystvii" , 1888), is a one-act comedic play written by Russian author Anton Chekhov. The play was originally dedicated to Nikolai Nikolaevich Solovtsov, Chekhov's boyhood friend and director/actor who first played the character Smirnov.
Document 12: Aleksey Burago: Aleksey Burago (Director) graduated from Moscow Academy of Theatre Arts (GITIS) and studied with world famous theater director Pyotr Fomenko. His Moscow directing credits include: "Beyond Recognition." Off-Broadway, he has directed "Gamblers," "An Absolutely Happy Village", "Ah! My Dear Andersen" and "On the Eve." At HB Playwrights Foundation, he has directed "Vassa," "Picnic on the Battlefield," "The Master and Margarita," "Wonder Bread" and "Lady with the Lapdog with Jokes and a Happy Ending." His TV credits include "The Queen of Spades" (Actor/Director). His awards include 1992 Best Director - St. Petersburg Comedy Festival and 1993 Best Director - Moscow Annual Festival of Classical Plays. He has been on faculty at Theatre Academy and Conservatory in St. Petersburg, Danish Theatre School GITIS and Manhattanville College, where he taught acting and staged the short stories of Anton Chekhov. The Artistic and Founding Director of The Russian Arts Theater & Studio, Aleksey Burago is now based in New York City. He is an Associate Member of SSDC and also Director-in-Residence at Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey.
Document 13: On the Harmful Effects of Tobacco: On the Harmful Effects of Tobacco (Russian: О вреде табака , "O vredye tabaka " ) is a one-act play written by Russian author Anton Chekhov; it has one character, Ivan Ivanovich Nyukhin. First published in 1886, the play was revised by Chekhov and is best known from his 1902 version. This was first published in English in "The Unknown Chekhov" (1954), a collection of writings.
Document 14: Anna Karenina (Carlson): Anna Karenina is an opera in two acts by American composer David Carlson, based on the novel "Anna Karenina" by Leo Tolstoy, commissioned by Florida Grand Opera to celebrate the 2007 opening of the Ziff Ballet Opera House at the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, co-commissioned by Opera Theatre of Saint Louis. The libretto is by British director Colin Graham, originally contemplated for Benjamin Britten's opera commissioned by the Bolshoi Theatre (the project was cancelled by the British after the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia). Graham was to have directed the original production; after his death only weeks before the opera's opening night, the direction was taken over by Mark Streshinsky. The opera is in two acts with a prologue and an epilogue, lasting just over two hours.
Document 15: Sonya's Story: Sonya's Story (Russian: История Сони) is an opera by the British composer Neal Thornton to a libretto based on the original Russian text of Anton Chekhov's play "Uncle Vanya". The libretto reproduces passages from "Uncle Vanya" in English translation with additional spoken text by Neal Thornton. "Sonya's Story" premiered on 7 August 2010 at the Riverside Studios in Londonto celebrate Chekhov's 150th anniversary. The production, part of the Tête à Tête festival was directed by Sally Burgess and designed by Charles Phu.
ground_truth: Russian