Question:  Cruel Passion was based on the novel "Justine" by which French aristocrat, revolutionary politician, philosopher, and writer, famous for his libertine sexuality?

full_context: Document 1: The History of Sexuality: The History of Sexuality (French: "" ) is a three-volume study of sexuality in the western world by the French historian and philosopher Michel Foucault, in which the author examines the emergence of "sexuality" as a discursive object and separate sphere of life and argues that the notion that every individual has a sexuality is a relatively recent development in Western societies. The first volume, "The Will to Knowledge" ("La volonté de savoir"), was first published in 1976; an English translation appeared in 1978. "The Use of Pleasure" ("l'usage des plaisirs"), and "The Care of the Self" ("le souci de soi"), were published in 1984.
Document 2: Marquis de Sade: Donatien Alphonse François, Marquis de Sade (2 June 1740 – 2 December 1814) (] ), was a French aristocrat, revolutionary politician, philosopher, and writer, famous for his libertine sexuality. His works include novels, short stories, plays, dialogues, and political tracts; in his lifetime some were published under his own name, while others appeared anonymously, of which Sade denied being their author. Sade is best known for his erotic works, which combined philosophical discourse with pornography, depicting sexual fantasies with an emphasis on violence, criminality, and blasphemy against Christianity. He was a proponent of extreme freedom, unrestrained by morality, religion, or law. The words "sadism" and "sadist" are derived from his name.
Document 3: Mme de Maux: Jeanne-Catherine de Maux (1725-?), better known as Mme de Maux (Madame de Maux), was a natural daughter of Quinault-Dufresne. In 1737, aged twelve, she married a lawyer in Paris. She later became a lover of Denis Diderot's friend Damilaville. Some time after Damilaville's death, in 1768, she became the lover of Diderot, but later left him for a younger man. She is considered significant because many letters written by Diderot to her, containing scientific, philosophical, and romantic content, have survived. Diderot began writing "Sur les femmes" soon after his romantic relationship with Mme de Maux had ended. It has been stated that his romantic dalliance with Mme de Maux resulted in Diderot producing some of his best writings on love, sex, and sexuality.
Document 4: Cruel Passion: Cruel Passion (also known as "Justine") is a 1977 film starring Koo Stark, Martin Potter, Lydia Lisle, and Katherine Kath. It was directed by Chris Boger and based on the novel "Justine" by the Marquis de Sade.
Document 5: The Night Porter: The Night Porter (Italian: "Il portiere di notte") is a 1974 Italian erotic psychological drama film. Directed and co-written by Liliana Cavani, the film stars Dirk Bogarde and Charlotte Rampling, and features Philippe Leroy and Gabriele Ferzetti. Its themes of sexual and sadomasochistic obsession have made the film controversial since its initial release, with critics being divided over the film's artistic value.
Document 6: Fanny Hill: Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure (popularly known as Fanny Hill, an anglicisation of the Latin "mons veneris", mound of Venus) is an erotic novel by English novelist John Cleland first published in London in 1748. Written while the author was in debtors' prison in London, it is considered "the first original English prose pornography, and the first pornography to use the form of the novel". It is one of the most prosecuted and banned books in history.
Document 7: Web of Passion: Web of Passion (also released as Leda, original French title: À double tour) is a 1959 French suspense thriller film directed by Claude Chabrol and based on the novel "The Key to Nicholas Street" by American writer Stanley Ellin. It was Chabrol's first film in the thriller genre, which would be his genre of choice for the rest of his career. The film had a total of 1,445,587 admissions in France.
Document 8: Saint Genet: Saint Genet, Actor and Martyr (French: "Saint Genet, comédien et martyr" ) is a book by the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre about the writer Jean Genet especially on his "The Thief's Journal". It was first published in 1952. Sartre described it as an attempt "to prove that genius is not a gift but the way out that one invents in desperate cases." Sartre also based his character Goetz in his play "The Devil and the Good Lord" (1951) on his analysis of Genet's psychology and morality. Sartre has been credited by David M. Halperin with providing, "a brilliant, subtle, and thoroughgoing study of the unique subjectivity and gender positioning of gay men".
Document 9: Ukiyo-e Cruel Story: Ukiyoe Cruel Story (浮世絵残酷物語 , "Ukiyoe Zankoku Monogatari" ) is a 1968 Japanese "pink film" directed by the "Father of Pink", Tetsuji Takechi, and starring the current "Queen" of Pink, Noriko Tatsumi. Made after Takechi had won an obscenity trial over "Black Snow" (1965), the film has been called "Takechi's personal message to Eirin." Though still containing significant erotic content, this is one of Takechi's few films to pass the censor relatively un-edited, perhaps because Eirin feared losing another embarrassing public confrontation with the outspoken director. In October 2006 "Ukiyo-e Cruel Story" was shown as part of a Takechi retrospective, and it was released on DVD in Japan on January 25, 2008.
Document 10: Passion (2012 film): Passion is a 2012 erotic thriller film written and directed by Brian De Palma, starring Rachel McAdams and Noomi Rapace. It is the English-language remake of Alain Corneau's 2010 thriller film "Love Crime", but with the ending greatly altered. The film is an international co-production between France, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom.
Document 11: Georges Bataille: Georges Albert Maurice Victor Bataille (] ; 10 September 1897 – 9 July 1962) was a French intellectual and literary figure working in literature, philosophy, anthropology, economics, sociology and history of art. His writing, which included essays, novels, and poetry, explored such subjects as eroticism, mysticism, surrealism, and transgression. His work would prove influential on subsequent schools of philosophy and social theory, including poststructuralism.
Document 12: Baise-moi: Baise-moi ("Fuck me ") is a 2000 French crime thriller film with elements of a rape and revenge film written and directed by Virginie Despentes and Coralie Trinh Thi and starring Karen Lancaume and Raffaëla Anderson. It is based on the novel by Despentes, first published in 1993. The film received intense media coverage because of its graphic mix of violence and explicit sex scenes. Consequently, it is sometimes considered an example of the "New French Extremity."
Document 13: Gamiani: Gamiani, or Two Nights of Excess (French: "Gamiani, ou deux nuits d'excès" ) is a French erotic novel first published in 1833. Its authorship is anonymous, but it is believed to have been written by Alfred de Musset and the lesbian eponymous heroine a portrait of his lover, George Sand. It became a bestseller among nineteenth century erotic literature.
Document 14: Marquis de Sade bibliography: Donatien Alphonse François de Sade, best known as the Marquis de Sade, was a French aristocrat, revolutionary and author of philosophical and sadomasochistic novels exploring such controversial subjects as rape, bestiality and necrophilia. His works evidence a philosophical mind advocating a materialist philosophy in which Nature dictates absolute freedom, unrestrained by morality, religion or law, with the pursuit of personal pleasure as its foremost principle. Besides novels, he wrote philosophical tracts, novellas, short tales, and a number of plays (many of which no longer extant). Publication, dissemination, and translation of his works have long been hindered by censorship: not until 1983 were his works allowed unfettered distribution in the UK, for instance.
Document 15: Le Mondain: Le Mondain ("The Worldling" or "The Man of the World") is a philosophical poem written by French enlightenment writer and philosopher Voltaire in 1736. It satirises Christian imagery, including the story of Adam and Eve, to defend a way of life focused on worldly pleasure rather than the promised pleasure of a religion's afterlife. It opposes religious morality and especially the teaching of original sin. Its points echo Voltaire's prose works "Lettres philosophiques" and "Remarques sur Pascal". Voltaire noted a trend against using poetic forms to make philosophical arguments, and wrote "Le Mondain" in deliberate opposition to this trend.
ground_truth: Marquis de Sade