Question: Medco Health Solutions, Inc. was an American Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) company which served more than 65 million people, before it was ultimately acquired by Express Scripts, in April of which year?

full_context: Document 1: Jones Pharma: Jones Pharma is a specialty pharmaceuticals manufacturer and marketer based in St. Louis, Missouri. The company was founded on March 16, 1981 by Dennis M. Jones and Judith Pearce Jones under the name Jones Medical Industries. The company completed its initial public offering in 1986, trading under the ticker symbol JMED on the NASDAQ. The primary therapeutic compounds marketed by the company include Thrombin-JMI and Levoxyl On May 30, 2000 the company became a wholly owned subsidiary of King Pharmaceuticals (NYSE:KG), based in Bristol, Tennessee. The market value of the company on its closing trade was $3.6 billion. Parent company King Pharmaceuticals was acquired by Pfizer in 2010.
Document 2: American Express: The American Express Company, also known as Amex, is an American multinational financial services corporation headquartered in Three World Financial Center in New York City. The company was founded in 1850, and is one of the 30 components of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The company is best known for its credit card, charge card, and traveler's cheque businesses. In 2016, credit cards using the American Express network accounted for 22.9% of the total dollar volume of credit card transactions in the US. As of December 31, 2016, the company had 109.9 million cards in force, including 47.5 million cards in force in the United States, each with an average annual spending of $17,216.
Document 3: Liberty Medical: Liberty Medical Supply, Inc. ("Liberty Medical") is a home delivery service that sells diabetes testing supplies, prescription drugs, urology supplies and ostomy supplies directly to consumers. The company was a subsidiary of Medco Health Solutions, Inc., which purchased Liberty Medical and its parent company, PolyMedica, in 2007. After Express Scripts acquired Medco, they sold Liberty Medical in December 2012 to members of its management team, and it now operates again as an independent company. Liberty Medical's corporate headquarters is located in Port St. Lucie, Florida. The company was one of the city's largest employers with as many as 2,432 employees in 2012. By the end of 2013, the company headquarters employed as few as 940 employees, adding to the community's jobless rate of over 9%, and implemented 20% pay cuts for all employees.
Document 4: Catamaran Corporation: Catamaran Corporation (formerly SXC Health Solutions) is a Schaumburg, Illinois based pharmacy benefit management company that sells services related to pharmacy benefit management and medical record keeping to businesses in the United States. Working independently of the government and insurance companies allows it to operate as a third party verifier; the RxCLAIM online claim processing system allows for prescription drug claims to be processed online if the customer lives in and fills his/her prescription in the United States. SXC has three separate but interrelated business segments which deal with prescription drug programs. For 2013 23% of company revenue came from Cigna Corporation.
Document 5: George Paz: George Paz is the CEO of Express Scripts, a Fortune 100 company, and the largest pharmacy benefit management (PBM) organization in the US.
Document 6: Digitas Health: Digitas Health is an interactive marketing agency catering exclusively to healthcare and pharmaceutical companies. The company was founded in 1990 as Medical Broadcasting Corporation and became a unit of Digitas in 2006 as Digitas Health. In 2011, the agency became independent of Digitas, and integrated into the Publicis Healthcare Communications Group (PHCG), the world’s largest healthcare communications network. PHCG is part of Paris-based Publicis Groupe the world’s third largest communications group, second largest media counsel and buying group, and a global leader in digital and healthcare communications.
Document 7: Express Scripts: Express Scripts Holding Company is an American Fortune 100 company. As of 2017, the company is the 22nd-largest in the United States as well as the largest pharmacy benefit management (PBM) organization in the United States. Express Scripts had 2016 revenues of $100.752 billion.
Document 8: CVS Caremark: CVS Caremark (formerly Caremark Rx) (stylized as CVScaremark, previously CVS/caremark) is the prescription benefit management subsidiary of CVS Health, headquartered in Woonsocket, Rhode Island.
Document 9: Health Net: Health Net, Inc. is an American health care insurance provider. HMO, POS, insured PPO and government contracts subsidiaries provide health benefits to approximately 5.9 million individuals in all 50 states and the District of Columbia through group, individual, Medicare, Medicaid, Tricare and Veterans Affairs programs. Health Net's behavioral health services subsidiary, MHN, provides behavioral health, substance abuse and employee assistance programs (EAPs) to approximately 7.3 million individuals in various states, including the company's own health plan members. The company's subsidiaries also offer managed health care products related to prescription drugs, and offer managed health care product coordination for multi-region employers and administrative services for medical groups and self-funded benefits programs. St. Louis-based Centene announced in July that it plans to buy Health Net for $6.8 billion.
Document 10: Diversified Pharmaceutical Services: Diversified Pharmaceutical Services entered the market in 1976 as the pharmacy benefit manager for United HealthCare (now United HealthGroup), a leading national managed care organization. Diversified pioneered many cost containment strategies that are now core pharmacy benefit manager services and became a recognized leader in clinical programs. After its acquisition by SmithKline Beecham in 1994, Diversified played a pivotal role in that company's Healthcare Service division. Express Scripts acquired Diversified April 1, 1999 and consolidated its position as a leading PBM for managed care organizations.
Document 11: Tim Wentworth: Timothy C. Wentworth is an American businessman. He is the CEO and president of pharmacy benefits management company Express Scripts, the United States' largest pharmacy benefit manager.
Document 12: Medco Health Solutions: Medco Health Solutions, Inc. was an American Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) company which served more than 65 million people, before it was ultimately acquired by Express Scripts in April 2012. Medco provided pharmacy services for private and public employers, health plans, labor unions, government agencies, and individuals served by Medicare Part D Prescription Drug Plans. Medco was a member of the S&P 500 and ranked number 34 on the 2011 Fortune 500 list, with 2011 revenues of more than $70 billion. It earned the No. 1 ranking in the Healthcare: Pharmacy and Other Services category on Fortune magazine’s World’s Most Admired Companies list for five consecutive years (2008-2012).
Document 13: Expert Global Solutions: Founded in 2012, Expert Global Solutions, Inc., ("EGS", formerly NCO Group), based in Plano, Texas, is the world's largest privately owned Business Process Outsourcing company with more than 100 locations globally and more than 40,000 associates. It is a holding company for NCO and APAC Customer Services, Inc. (APAC), providers of global business process outsourcing services. NCO provides accounts receivable management (ARM) services, and APAC provides customer relationship management (CRM) services. EGS has over 100 locations, with more than 42,000 employees. EGS is owned by One Equity Partners (OEP), the private investment arm of JP Morgan Chase & Co.
Document 14: CVS Health: CVS Health (previously CVS Corporation and CVS Caremark Corporation) (stylized as CVSHealth) is an American retail pharmacy and health care company headquartered in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. The company began in 1964 with three partners who grew the venture from a parent company, Mark Steven, Inc., that helped retailers manage their health and beauty aid product lines. The business began as a chain of health and beauty aid stores, but within several years, pharmacies were added. To facilitate growth and expansion, the company joined The Melville Corporation, which managed a string of retail businesses. Following a period of growth in the 1980s and 1990s, CVS Corporation spun off from Melville in 1996, becoming a standalone company trading on the New York Stock Exchange as
Document 15: Medicaid managed care: Medicaid managed care Medicaid and additional services in the United States through an arrangement between a state Medicaid agency and managed care organizations (MCOs) that accept a set payment – “capitation” – for these services. The State pays the MCO a monthly premium to cover the services provided to a beneficiary. As of 2014, 26 states have contracts with MCOs to deliver long-term care for the elderly and individuals with disabilities. There are two main forms of Medicaid managed care, “risk-based MCOs” and “primary care case management (PCCM).” In a PCCM system, the State pays for services on a fee-for-service basis as well as a monthly fee to a contracted primary care provider to coordinate care for the beneficiary.
ground_truth: 2012