Question: Ramakrishna Pillai, (1878–1916) was a nationalist writer, journalist, editor, and political activist, Karl Marx (1912) are among his most noted works in Malayalam, the first ever biography of Karl Marx in any Indian language, which languages spoken in India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 75% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by what percentage, of Indians?

full_context: Document 1: G. Kumara Pillai: G. Kumara Pillai (22 August 1923 – 16 September 2000) was a Malayalam–language poet, essayist and activist from Kerala state, South India. He was a Gandhian all through his adult life and was in the forefront of several human rights movements in Kerala. He authored some 20 books. His poetry work "Saptaswaram" received the Odakkuzhal Award in 1984 and Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award in 1985.
Document 2: Swadeshabhimani Ramakrishna Pillai: K. Ramakrishna Pillai (1878–1916) was a nationalist writer, journalist, editor, and political activist. He edited "Swadeshabhimani" (The Patriot), the newspaper which became a potent weapon against the rule of the British and the erstwhile princely state of Travancore (Kerala, India) and a tool for social transformation. His criticism of the Diwan of Travancore, P. Rajagopalachari and the Maharajah led to the eventual confiscation of the newspaper. Ramakrishna Pillai was arrested and exiled from Travancore in 1910. Vrithantha Pathra Pravarthanam (1912) and Karl Marx (1912) are among his most noted works in Malayalam, Vrithantha Pathra pravarthanam being the first book on journalism in Malayalam and Karl Marx, the first ever biography of Karl Marx in any Indian language.
Document 3: Bible translations into the languages of India: Languages spoken in India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 75% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 20% of Indians. Other languages belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates. India (780) has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea (839).
Document 4: R. Balakrishna Pillai: Keezhoote Raman Pillai Balakrishna Pillai is a veteran Indian politician, a former minister of the state of Kerala in India, who has held major portfolios like Transport and Electricity. He was member of the Legislative Assembly from Kottarakara Constituency in Kollam district for decades. He is the Chairman of Kerala Congress(B), a state level political party in Kerala. Throughout his entire career as a politician, Mr Pillai remained a highly controversial figure in Kerala state politics."Gandeevam", a biography of R. Balakrishna Pillai written by Vrindavanam Venugopalan with a foreword by Dr. Sooranad Kunjan Pillai, was published by Viswakeralam Daily. Pillai's autobiography was published by DC Books in 2011.
Document 5: Punjabi language: Punjabi ( ; Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ "pañjābī" ; Shahmukhi: "paṉjābī" ) is a native language of the Punjab region belonging to the Northwestern Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. Spoken by over 100 million native speakers worldwide, it ranks as the 10th most widely spoken language (2015) in the world. It is the native language of the Punjabi people, who associate with the historical Punjab region of India and Pakistan. Among Indo-European languages, it is unusual in having lexical tone.
Document 6: M. G. G. Pillai: MGG Pillai (1939 – 28 April 2006) was a Malaysian journalist and political activist. He was one of the country's pioneers in Internet-based journalism and activism. His parents were immigrants from Kerala, India. His great maternal uncle, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai was a celebrated Malayalam novelist. True to the matrilineal tradition of the Nair caste, he had a reverential relationship with Thakazhi. Thakazhi in turn was proud of his nephew's journalistic pursuits. MGG Pillai was married to P.C. Jayasree. They have two sons, Sreekant Pillai and Sreejit Pillai.
Document 7: Edatata Narayanan: Edatata Narayanan (1907–1978) was a famous journalist and a freedom fighter from India. He took active part in the freedom struggle through the Congress Socialist Party, a caucus within the Congress Party for activists with socialist leanings. He was among those who were disillusioned with the progress of Congress party on socialism and formed a new party, Socialist Party in 1948. He however left that party along with Aruna Asaf Ali and they visited Moscow along with Rajani Palme Dutt. Both of them joined the Communist Party of India (CPI) before Joseph Stalin's death but left the party in 1956 following Nikita Khrushchev's disowning of Stalin. Edatata Narayanan started a daily newspaper, "Patriot"(1963)° as the Chief Editor and was also associated with a weekly, "Link" in 1958 along with Aruna Asaf Ali. The publications became prestigious due to patronage of leaders such as Jawaharlal Nehru, Krishna Menon and Biju Patnaik. When Edatata Narayanan wanted to make some editorial changes amidst reported opposition from the editorial staff, he told them in no uncertain terms that he belonged to the school of journalism where the editor's view is final. He brought "Patriot" into the spotlight by publishing the income tax returns of top industrialists in it and thus, bringing the information into public domain. He pursued a pro-CPI and pro-Left editorial policy - Indira Gandhi, a good friend and later the Prime Minister of India herself was pro-left. The publications and the associated publishing house were successful. The relationship between him and Aruna Asaf Ali was controversial as they were believed to be living together, despite no formal marriage. He wrote a book titled "Praja Socialism: Monopoly's Pawn" on the merger of the Socialist Party with the Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party (founded by Acharya Kripalani).
Document 8: Languages of India: Languages spoken in India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 75% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 20% of Indians. Other languages belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates. India (780) has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea (839).
Document 9: Languages of Asia: There is a wide variety of languages spoken throughout Asia, comprising different language families and some unrelated isolates. The major language families spoken on the continent include Altaic, Austroasiatic, Austronesian, Caucasian, Dravidian, Indo-European, Siberian, Sino-Tibetan and Tai-Kadai. They usually have a long tradition of writing, but not always.
Document 10: Linguistic history of the Indian subcontinent: The languages of the Indian subcontinent are divided into various language families, of which the Indo-Iranian and the Dravidian languages are the most widely spoken. There are also many languages belonging to unrelated language families such as Sino-Tibetan, spoken by smaller groups. Linguistic records begin with the appearance of the Brāhmī script from about the 3rd century BCE.
Document 11: K.A. Keraleeyan: K.A.Keraleeyan (1910-1994) was one of the founder-leaders of the Communist party in Kerala.(Original name : Kadayaprath Kunjappa Nambiar) was born on April 15, 1910 in Chirakkal taluk in Kannur district. His father was Varikkara Padinjare Veettil Kunjiraman Nayanar and mother was Kadayaprath Parvathy Amma. He did his schooling at Kunjimangalam Board School and Peralassery Elementary School. Later he went to Thanjavur to study Sanskrit but could not finish it as he jumped into the fray of the Indian National Movement. On coming back he joined Vijnanadayini Sanskrit school, Kanjangadu and continued his studies. When the procession in connection with the legendary Salt March started from Kozhikode to Payyanur he joined it along with P. Krishna Pillai, K.Madhavan etc.. Following the protest against Gandhiji’s arrest he was arrested and produced before the court. When he was asked his name at the court as part of the official procedure he replied ‘Keralaeeyan ‘ (literally meaning ‘one from Kerala’)to declare his political stand and then onwards he was known by that name. Following his participation in the Non-cooperation movement he was imprisoned again and sent to Central jail, Kannur. In 1932 he formed Karshakasamgham the pioneering farmers’ organization in Kerala and became a worker of the Congress Socialist party formed by the left wingers of the Congress party. He participated in the ‘Pattinijatha’(literally meaning 'starvation march') went to Madras from Malabar in 1932. Along with P. Krishna Pillai he organised the workers of Aron Mill, Pappinissery, Cotton Mill. Thiruvannur and Feroke Tiles. Later he functioned as the secretary of Malabar Karshaka Sangham and Kisan Samgham. He was a member of the central committee of All India Kisan Sabha . He led the Communist group of the Socialst party along with E. M. S. Namboodiripad, K.Damodaran and N.C.Sekhar. As a member of the Communist Party he had to go underground and was arrested in Madras in 1942 and sent to Central Jail, Alipur . When the party was later banned he again went underground. In the 60s he functioned as the editor of the magazine ‘Krushikkaran'. Later he was a member of the State Conrol Commission of the Communist Party of India. He has written a lot of articles as part of his social work in various periodicals and his autobiography is considered a valuable historical document of the socialist and Communist movement in Kerala in its nascent days. He died on July 9, 1994 at Kozhikode.
Document 12: Krishnalal Shridharani: Krishnalal Shridharani (16 September 1911 – 23 July 1960) was an Indian poet, playwright and journalist. He studied sociology, economics and journalism at various institutions in India and the US. He participated in the Indian independence movement and was imprisoned, during which time he started writing plays and poetry. He also wrote many non-fiction books in English.
Document 13: Austronesian languages: The Austronesian languages are a language family that is widely dispersed throughout Maritime Southeast Asia, Madagascar and the islands of the Pacific Ocean, with a few members in continental Asia. Austronesian languages are spoken by about 386 million people, making it the fifth-largest language family by number of speakers, behind only the Indo-European languages, the Sino-Tibetan languages, the Niger-Congo languages, and the Afroasiatic languages. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger–Congo, and Afroasiatic as one of the best-established language families. Major Austronesian languages with the highest number of speakers are Malay (Indonesian and Malaysian), Javanese, and Filipino (Tagalog). The family contains 1,257 languages, which is the second most of any language family.
Document 14: Bengali language: Bengali ( ), also known by its endonym Bangla ( ; বাংলা ] ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian Subcontinent. It is the national and official language of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, and the official language of some eastern and north-eastern states of the Republic of India, including West Bengal, Tripura, Assam (Barak Valley) and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is also one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. With 205 million speakers, Bengali is the seventh most spoken native language in the world by population. Dictionaries from the early 20th century attributed slightly more than half of the Bengali vocabulary to native words (i.e., naturally modified Sanskrit words, corrupted forms of Sanskrit words, and loanwords from non-Indo-European languages), about 30 percent to unmodified Sanskrit words, and the remainder to foreign words. Dominant in the last group was Persian, which was also the source of some grammatical forms. More recent studies suggest that the use of native and foreign words has been increasing, mainly because of the preference of Bengali speakers for the colloquial style. Today, Bengali is the primary language spoken in Bangladesh and the second most widely spoken language in India.
Document 15: The Leader (Allahabad newspaper): The Leader (24 October 1909 – 6 September 1967) was one of the most influential English-language newspapers in India during British Raj. Founded by Madan Mohan Malviya, the paper was published in Allahabad. Under C. Y. Chintamani, a dynamic editor from 1909 to 1934, it acquired a large readership in North India. His clash with Motilal Nehru over issue of his freedom as editor, meant that Motilal left within a year, thereafter between 1927 and 1936, Chintamani was not only the Chief Editor of the newspaper, but also the leader of the opposition in the U. P. Legislative Council. Indian National Congress leader, Moti Lal Nehru was the first Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Leader, and the paper remained politically charged through its existence, many of Mahatma Gandhi's writings were also published in it, and it is repository of important writing of that generation.
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