Question: How many German scientists, engineers, and technicians, were recruited in post-Nazi Germany as a result of the clandestine operation where Arthur Rudolph became one of the main developers of the U.S. ?space program

full_context: Document 1: Hans Kammler: Hans Kammler (26 August 1901 – 9 May 1945) was a German civil engineer and SS commander during the Nazi era. He oversaw SS construction projects and towards the end of World War II was put in charge of the V-2 missile and jet programmes. As an SS officer, he was the last person in Nazi Germany to be appointed to the rank of "SS-Obergruppenführer".
Document 2: Arthur Rudolph: Arthur Louis Hugo Rudolph (November 9, 1906 – January 1, 1996) was a German Nazi rocket engineer who was a leader of the effort to develop the V-2 rocket for Nazi Germany. After the war, the United States Government's Office of Strategic Services (OSS) brought him to the U.S. as part of the clandestine Operation Paperclip, where he became one of the main developers of the U.S. space program. He worked within the U.S. Army and NASA, where he managed the development of several systems, including the Pershing missile and the Saturn V Moon rocket. In 1984, the U.S. Government investigated him for war crimes, and he agreed to renounce his United States citizenship and leave the U.S. in return for not being prosecuted.
Document 3: Walter Dornberger: Major-General Dr. Walter Robert Dornberger (6 September 1895 – 27 June 1980) was a German Army artillery officer whose career spanned World War I and World War II. He was a leader of Nazi Germany's V-2 rocket program and other projects at the Peenemünde Army Research Center.
Document 4: Georg von Tiesenhausen: Georg F. von Tiesenhausen (born May 18, 1914) is a retired German-American rocket scientist. After being brought to the United States in 1953 as part of Operation Paperclip, he was part of Wernher von Braun's team at the U.S. Army, and later, NASA. He is credited with the first complete design of the Lunar Roving Vehicle and made a variety of other contributions to the space program.
Document 5: Hermann Oberth: Hermann Julius Oberth (] ; 25 June 1894 – 28 December 1989) was an Austro-Hungarian-born German physicist and engineer. He is considered one of the founding fathers of rocketry and astronautics, along with the French Robert Esnault-Pelterie, the Russian Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and the American Robert Goddard.
Document 6: Schutzstaffel: The Schutzstaffel (SS; also stylized as with Armanen runes; ] ; literally "Protection Squadron") was a major paramilitary organization under Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Nazi Germany, and later throughout German-occupied Europe during World War II. It began with a small guard unit known as the "Saal-Schutz" (Hall-Protection) made up of NSDAP volunteers to provide security for party meetings in Munich. In 1925, Heinrich Himmler joined the unit, which had by then been reformed and given its final name. Under his direction (1929–45), it grew from a small paramilitary formation to one of the most powerful organizations in Nazi Germany. From 1929 until the regime's collapse in 1945, the SS was the foremost agency of security, surveillance, and terror within Germany and German-occupied Europe.
Document 7: Redl-Zipf: The Redl-Zipf V-2 rocket facility (code name "Schlier") in central Austria between Vöcklabruck and Vöcklamarkt was for V-2 rocket motor testing after Raxwerke test equipment had been moved from Friedrichshafen. The facility tested V-2 combustion chambers' compatibility with turbopumps since the rocket did not have a controller for reducing the turbopumping of propellant into the chamber if pressure became too high. The World War II facility used forced labor of the Schlier-Redl-Zipf subcamp of the Mauthausen-Gusen concentration camp and included a liquid oxygen generation plant in a nearby tunnel. After an August 1944  explosion at the liquid oxygen plant stopped Schlier production, the third V-2 liquid oxygen plant (5000 tons/month) was built at a slate quarry at Lehesten near the Mittelwerk (turbopump/chamber compatibility testing for Mittelwerk production was also performed at the Lehesten facility). Karl Heimberg, who had worked at Peenemünde Test Stand 7, was transferred to ""Vorwerk Sued"" at Redl-Zipf and then, for the period from late 1944-early April 1945, to Lehesten (he later returned to Peenemünde with Walter Riedel III to burn design office files and participated in the post-war Operation Backfire.)
Document 8: Operation Epsilon: Operation Epsilon was the codename of a program in which Allied forces near the end of World War II detained ten German scientists who were thought to have worked on Nazi Germany's nuclear program. The scientists were captured between May 1 and June 30, 1945, as part of the Allied Alsos Mission, mainly as part of its Operation Big sweep through southwestern Germany.
Document 9: Scientists and Engineers for Johnson–Humphrey: Scientists and Engineers for Johnson–Humphrey was a group of prominent scientists consisting of U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's second adviser George Kistiakowsky, Kennedy adviser Jerome Wiesner and many scientists that took part in the Manhattan project. This group's sole purpose was to make sure that Barry Goldwater, whom Nobel Laureate Harold Urey called a "blustery, threatening man", was not elected president.
Document 10: Rudolf Hess: Rudolf Walter Richard Hess (Heß in German; 26 April 1894 – 17 August 1987), was a prominent politician in Nazi Germany. Appointed Deputy Führer to Adolf Hitler in 1933, he served in this position until 1941, when he flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace with the United Kingdom during World War II. He was taken prisoner and eventually was convicted of crimes against peace, serving a life sentence until his suicide.
Document 11: Operation Paperclip: Operation Paperclip was a secret program of the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA) in which more than 1,600 German scientists, engineers, and technicians, such as Wernher von Braun and his V-2 rocket team, were recruited in post-Nazi Germany and taken to the U.S. for government employment, at the end of World War II; many were members and some were leaders of the Nazi Party.
Document 12: Arthur Ehrhardt: Arthur Ehrhardt (21 March 1896, Mengersgereuth-Hämmern, Saxe-Meiningen – 16 May 1971) was a Waffen-SS officer and author on warfare who became a leading figure in the post-war neo-Nazi movement.
Document 13: Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50): During the later stages of World War II and the post-war period, German citizens and people of German ancestry were expelled from various Eastern European countries and sent to the remaining territory of Germany and Austria. After 1950, some emigrated to the United States, Australia, and other countries from there. The areas affected included the former eastern territories of Germany, which were annexed by Poland and the Soviet Union after the war, as well as Germans who were living within the prewar borders of Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, and the Baltic States. The Nazis had made plans—only partially completed before the Nazi defeat—to remove many Slavic and Jewish people from Eastern Europe and settle the area with Germans. The post war expulsion of the Germans formed a major part of the geopolitical and ethnic reconfiguration of Eastern Europe in the aftermath of World War II, that attempted to create ethnically homogeneous nations within redefined borders. Between 1944 and 1948 about 31 million people, including ethnic Germans ('Volksdeutsche') as well as German citizens ('Reichsdeutsche'), were permanently or temporarily moved from Central and Eastern Europe.
Document 14: Operation Damocles: Operation Damocles was a covert campaign of the Israeli Mossad in August 1962 targeting German scientists and technicians, formerly employed in Nazi Germany's rocket program, who were developing rockets for Egypt at a military site known as Factory 333. According to Otto Joklik, an Austrian scientist involved with the project, the rockets being developed were programmed to use a radioactive waste.
Document 15: Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce: The Reichsleiter Rosenberg Taskforce (German: "Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg" or "ERR") was a Nazi Party organization dedicated to appropriating cultural property during the Second World War. It was led by the chief ideologue of the Nazi party, Alfred Rosenberg, from within the NSDAP Office of Foreign Affairs ("Außenpolitischen Amt der NSDAP" or "APA"). Between 1940 and 1945, the ERR operated in France, the Benelux countries, Poland, the Baltic States, Greece, Italy and on the territory of the Soviet Union in the Reichskommissariat Ostland and Reichskommissariat Ukraine. Much of the looted material was recovered by the Allies after the war, and returned to rightful owners, but there remains a substantial part which either has been lost or remains with the Allied powers.
ground_truth: more than 1,600