Question: Who is Ronald Dworkin?

full_context: Document 1: Taking Rights Seriously: Taking Rights Seriously is a 1977 book on philosophy of law by Ronald Dworkin. In this landmark book, Dworkin argues against the dominant philosophy of Anglo-American legal positivism as presented by H. L. A. Hart in "The Concept of Law" (1961) and utilitarianism by proposing that rights of the individual against the state exist outside of the written law and function as "trumps" against the interests or wishes of the majority.
Document 2: Ronald Dworkin: Ronald Myles Dworkin, FBA ( ; December 11, 1931 – February 14, 2013) was an American philosopher, jurist, and scholar of United States constitutional law. At the time of his death, he was Frank Henry Sommer Professor of Law and Philosophy at New York University and Professor of Jurisprudence at University College London, and had taught previously at Yale Law School and the University of Oxford, where he was the Professor of Jurisprudence, successor to Herbert Lionel Hart. An influential contributor to both philosophy of law and political philosophy, Dworkin received the 2007 Holberg International Memorial Prize in the Humanities for "his pioneering scholarly work" of "worldwide impact." According to a survey in "The Journal of Legal Studies", Dworkin was the second most-cited American legal scholar of the twentieth century. After his death, the Harvard legal scholar Cass Sunstein said Dworkin was "one of the most important legal philosophers of the last 100 years. He may well head the list."
Document 3: Reading law: Reading law is the method by which persons in common law countries, particularly the United States, entered the legal profession before the advent of law schools. This usage specifically refers to a means of entering the profession (although in England it is still customary to say that a university undergraduate is "reading" a course, which may be law or any other). "Reading the law" consists of an extended internship or apprenticeship under the tutelage or mentoring of an experienced lawyer. A small number of U.S. jurisdictions still permit this practice today.
Document 4: Law as integrity: In philosophy of law, law as integrity is a theory of law put forward by the legal philosopher Ronald Dworkin. In general, it can be described as interpreting the law according to a community.
Document 5: Hart–Dworkin debate: The Hart–Dworkin debate is a debate in legal philosophy between H. L. A. Hart and Ronald Dworkin. At the heart of the debate lies a Dworkinian critique of Hartian legal positivism, specifically, the theory presented in Hart's book "The Concept of Law".
Document 6: Declarationism: Declarationism is a legal philosophy that incorporates the United States Declaration of Independence into the body of case law on level with the United States Constitution. It holds that the Declaration is a natural law document and so that natural law has a place within American jurisprudence. Its main proponents include Harry V. Jaffa and other members of the Claremont Institute. Some proponents claim that Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas is a follower of this school of thought; however, Thomas is more widely considered a member of the strict constructionist school.
Document 7: Interactional justice: Interactional justice is defined by sociologist John R. Schermerhorn as the "...degree to which the people affected by decision are treated by dignity and respect." ( John R. Schermerhorn, Organizational behavior) The theory focuses on the interpersonal treatment people receive when procedures are implemented.
Document 8: Sociology of law: The sociology of law (or legal sociology) is often described as a sub-discipline of sociology or an interdisciplinary approach within legal studies. Some see sociology of law as belonging "necessarily" to the field of sociology whilst others tend to consider it a field of research caught up between the disciplines of law and sociology. Still others regard it neither as a sub-discipline of sociology nor as a branch of legal studies but as a field of research on its own right within the broader social science tradition. Accordingly, it may be described without reference to mainstream sociology as "the systematic, theoretically grounded, empirical study of law as a set of social practices or as an aspect or field of social experience". It has been seen as treating law and justice as fundamental institutions of the basic structure of society mediating "between political and economic interests, between culture and the normative order of society, establishing and maintaining interdependence, and constituting themselves as sources of consensus, coercion and social control".
Document 9: The Province of Jurisprudence Determined: His object in this book is to identify the distinguishing characteristics of positive law to free it from the precepts of religion and morality. The book consists of six lectures designed to be delivered in a law school setting. Although his theory did not receive significant attention in the 19th Century, it has since become central to the jurisprudential canon, and has been criticised, adapted and enlarged upon by subsequent jurists such as H. L. A. Hart and Ronald Dworkin.
Document 10: John Hart Ely: John Hart Ely (December 3, 1938 – October 25, 2003) is one of the most widely cited legal scholars in United States history, ranking just after Richard Posner, Ronald Dworkin, and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., according to a 2000 study in the University of Chicago's "Journal of Legal Studies".
Document 11: Jody Kraus: Jody S. Kraus is "a noted expert on contracts and commercial law. His prolific scholarship focuses on the relationship between moral and economic theories of law in general, and contract law in particular." In 2012, he joined the faculty of Columbia Law School, and is also a professor in Columbia University’s Department of Philosophy. He will serve, in addition, as co-director of the Law School’s Center for Law & Philosophy. Prior to joining the faculties of Columbia Law and Columbia University, Kraus was the David E. Kaufman & Leopold C. Glass Professor of Law at the University of Pennsylvania Law School, where he also co-directed the Institute for Law and Philosophy. Before joining Penn Law, he was on the faculty of the University of Virginia School of Law as the Robert E. Scott Distinguished Professor of Law and Philosophy and as the Albert Clark Tate, Jr. Research Professor. He teaches contracts, commercial law, political theory, and jurisprudence. He holds a J.D. from Yale Law School, a Ph.D. in Philosophy and an M.A. from the University of Arizona, and a B.A. from The Ohio State University. He received numerous awards at the University of Arizona and served as a Senior Editor of the Yale Law Journal. He entered Yale Law as a member of the Yale Law Journal after having been published in the Journal before enrolling.
Document 12: Law's Empire: Law's Empire is a 1986 text in legal philosophy by the late Oxford scholar Ronald Dworkin which continues his criticism of the philosophy of legal positivism as promoted by H.L.A. Hart during the middle to late 20th century. The book notably introduces Dworkin's Judge Hercules as an idealized version of a jurist with extraordinary legal skills who is able to challenge various predominating schools of legal interpretation and legal hermeneutics prominent throughout the 20th century. Judge Hercules is eventually challenged by Judge Hermes, another idealized version of a jurist who is affected by an affinity to respecting historical legal meaning arguments which do not affect Judge Hercules in the same manner. Judge Hermes' theory of legal interpretation is found by Dworkin in the end to be inferior to the approach of Judge Hercules.
Document 13: Tony Judt: Tony Robert Judt, FBA ( ; 2 January 1948 – 6 August 2010) was a British historian, essayist, and university professor who specialized in European history. Judt moved to New York and served as the Erich Maria Remarque Professor in European Studies at New York University, and Director of NYU's Erich Maria Remarque Institute. He was a frequent contributor to the "New York Review of Books". In 1996 Judt was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 2007 a corresponding Fellow of the British Academy.
Document 14: Moral Constitution: The Moral Constitution is a means of understanding the U.S. Constitution which emphasizes a fusion of moral philosophy and constitutional law. The most prominent proponent is Ronald Dworkin, who advances the view in "Law's Empire" and "Freedom's Law: The Moral Reading of the American Constitution". Alternatively, it can be taken to mean a constitution that defines the fundamental political principles and establishes the power and duties of each government, and does so while being consistent with a moral code. The moral code can take any of the same forms as the constitution itself: written, unwritten, codified, uncodified, etc. Former Chief Justice of Indonesian Constitutional Court, Jimly Asshiddiqie, also wrote his book on "The Court of Ethics and Constitutional Ethics" (2014) advocating a new perspective on the 'rule of ethics' besides the doctrine of the 'rule of law'.
Document 15: Law, Legislation and Liberty: Law, Legislation and Liberty is the 1973 work in three volumes by Nobel laureate economist and political philosopher Friedrich Hayek. In it, Hayek further develops the philosophical principles he discussed earlier in "The Road to Serfdom", "The Constitution of Liberty", and other writings. "Law, Legislation and Liberty" is more abstract than Hayek's earlier work, and it focuses on the conflicting views of society as either a design, a made order ("taxis"), on the one hand, or an emergent system, a grown order ("cosmos"), on the other. These ideas are then connected to two different forms of law: law proper, or "nomos" coinciding more or less with the traditional concept of natural law, which is an emergent property of social interaction, and legislation, or "thesis", which is properly confined to the administration of non-coercive government services, but is easily confused with the occasional acts of legislature that do actually straighten out flaws in the nomos.
ground_truth: philosopher