Question: Francesco Rospigliosi Pallavicini was born in Rome, in what was then which territories in the Italian Peninsula under the sovereign direct rule of the pope, from the 8th century until 1870?

full_context: Document 1: Roman Republic (18th century): The Roman Republic (Italian: "Repubblica Romana" ) was proclaimed on 15 February 1798 after Louis Alexandre Berthier, a general of Napoleon, had invaded the city of Rome on 10 February. The Roman Republic was a client republic under the French Directory composed of territory conquered from the Papal States. Pope Pius VI was exiled to France and died there in 1799. It immediately took the control of the other two former-papal revolutionary administrations, the Tiberina Republic and the Anconine Republic. The Roman Republic was short-lived, as the Papal States were restored in October 1799.
Document 2: Vatican City: Vatican City ( ; Italian: "Città del Vaticano" ] ; Latin: "Civitas Vaticana" ), officially Vatican City State or the State of Vatican City (Italian: "Stato della Città del Vaticano" ; Latin: "Status Civitatis Vaticanae" ), is a country located within the city of Rome. With an area of approximately 44 hectares (110 acres), and a population of 1,000, it is the smallest country in the world by both area and population. However, formally it is not sovereign, with sovereignty being held by the Holy See.
Document 3: Kingdom of Italy: The Kingdom of Italy (Italian: "Regno d'Italia" ) was a state which existed from 1861, when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy, until 1946, when a constitutional referendum led civil discontent to abandon the monarchy and form the Italian Republic. The state was founded as a result of the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which can be considered its legal predecessor state.
Document 4: Francesco Cocco-Ortu: Francesco Cocco-Ortu (October 1842 in Benetutti – March 1929 in Rome) was an Italian politician, deputy of the Kingdom of Italy.
Document 5: Francesco Rospigliosi Pallavicini: Francesco Rospigliosi Pallavicini (March 2, 1828 – January 14, 1887) was an Italian politician. He was born in Rome, in what was then the Papal States. He was the 2nd mayor of Rome from 1871 to 1873. He served in the Senate of the Kingdom of Italy. He died in Rome, Italy.
Document 6: List of Prime Ministers of the Papal States: This is a list of the prime ministers of the Papal States. Officially the prime minister was recognized as Minister of Interior (Italian: "Ministro dell'Interno" ), like the title of "chief of the government" was reserved to the Cardinal Secretary of State, the office was created from the granting of the Statute of the Papal States in 1848 to 1850, when Pope Pius IX disclaim the Statute after the Roman Republic's fall in 1849.
Document 7: List of marquesses in Italy: Italy, as a single nation state, began only in 1861, after the Piedmont-based Kingdom of Sardinia conquered most of present-day Italy. At that point, titles were recognized to all who held them according to the law of so-called "pre-unitarian" States. Consequently, the Kingdom of Italy had several different nobility traditions, one for each pre-unitarian State and one for the unified state (that was actually the Piedmontese-Savoyard one). That is why the Italian College of Arms, called "Consulta araldica" (heraldic council), was organized in 14 "regional" commissions. Common rules concerning all titles were established only in 1926. That is why a list of Italian marquisates has to be divided into different pre-unitarian lists, plus a unified list for titles granted after 1861. The latter should be completed with titles granted by the last King of Italy, Humbert II, during his exile and after the proclamation of the republic (1946), until his death in 1983: these concessions base upon the fact that he was not defeated in war and thus remained a king, that is a "fons honorum", but this issue is controversial, titles granted by a non-reigning king not being recognized by most noble and royal families in Europe. Only the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and the Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana recognize these titles, while the CILANE treats them as mere titles of courtesy.
Document 8: Papal States: The Papal States, officially the State of the Church (Italian: "Stato della Chiesa" , ] ; Latin: "Status Ecclesiae" ), were territories in the Italian Peninsula under the sovereign direct rule of the pope, from the 8th century until 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from roughly the 8th century until the Italian Peninsula was unified in 1861 by the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia. At their zenith, they covered most of the modern Italian regions of Lazio (which includes Rome), Marche, Umbria and Romagna, and portions of Emilia. These holdings were considered to be a manifestation of the temporal power of the pope, as opposed to his ecclesiastical primacy.
Document 9: Francis II of the Two Sicilies: Francis II (Italian: "Francesco II" , christened "Francesco d'Assisi Maria Leopoldo", 16 January 1836 – 27 December 1894) was King of the Two Sicilies from 1859 to 1861. He was the last King of the Two Sicilies, as successive invasions by Giuseppe Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia ultimately brought an end to his rule, as part of Italian unification. After he was deposed, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and the Kingdom of Sardinia were merged into the newly formed Kingdom of Italy.
Document 10: Cesare Rossi (politician): Cesare Rossi (born 21 September 1887 in Pescia – died 9 August 1967 in Rome) was an Italian fascist leader who later became estranged from the regime.
Document 11: List of people executed in the Papal States: This is a list of people executed in the Papal States under the government of the Popes or during the 1810–1819 decade of French rule. Although capital punishment in Vatican City was legal from 1929 to 1969, no executions took place in that time. This list does not include people executed by other authorities of the Roman Catholic Church or those executed by Inquisitions other than the Roman Inquisition, or those killed in wars involving the Papal States, or those killed extrajudicially.
Document 12: Sacerdotal state: A sacerdotal state is a state whose head of state is also an ecclesiastical leader designated by a religious body. An example of this kind of state is the Vatican City, whose head of state is the Pope of the Catholic Church. Andorra operates under a semi-sacerdotal system, as one of its co-heads of state is the Bishop of Urgell. In the past it was common for bishops to assume civil as well as clerical power and rule as Prince-Bishops.
Document 13: Paolo Posi: Paolo Posi (1708 - 1776) was an Italian architect of the late-Baroque period. Among the cities in which he was active were Rome, Narni, and Viterbo. Among the other works, he designed mausoleums for Cardinal Inico Caracciolo in Aversa, Cardinal Giuseppe Renato Imperiali in the church of Sant'Agostino in Rome, for cardinal Carafa in Sant'Andrea delle Fratte (1759), and for princess Maria Flaminia Chigi-Odescalchi (1771) in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo.
Document 14: Capture of Rome: The capture of Rome (Italian: "Presa di Roma" ) on 20 September 1870 was the final event of the long process of Italian unification known as the "Risorgimento", marking both the final defeat of the Papal States under Pope Pius IX and the unification of the Italian peninsula under King Victor Emmanuel II of the House of Savoy.
Document 15: Ruggero Settimo: Ruggero Settimo (19 May 1778 – 12 May 1863) was an Italian politician, diplomat, and patriotic activist from Sicily. The name means "Roger the Seventh", from a family name originating in Pisa (Tuscany). He was a counter-admiral of the Sicilian Fleet. He fought alongside the British fleet in the Mediterranean Sea against the French under Napoleon Bonaparte. He reconquered the island of Malta, and defended the city of Gaeta near Naples. In 1811 he had to retire from the military to health problems. He was a member of the Sicilian government of Prince Castelnovo in 1812 as Minister of the merchant navy. Was a member of the revolutionary junta of 1820-1821 and in 1848 as president of the Sicilian Senate was appointed as Chief of the government of the Kingdom of Sicily and led the Sicilian government until 1849. His family was in legacy for marriage with the last heir of the family Calvello (about 1468), so became proprietary of one of the largest estates in Sicily. With his father Trajan Settim Aversa the feud (fief) was given the title of the Principality of Fitalia. The fief was formed in 1130 after the investiture of King Roger II King of Sicily. King Roger gifted this fief to the husband of the woman who nursed him and his brother Simon.
ground_truth: Papal States