Question: What mechanical engineering principles does Lennox International use in its HVAC products?

full_context: Document 1: Aeronautics: Aeronautics (from the ancient Greek words ὰήρ "āēr", which means "air", and ναυτική "nautikē" which means "navigation", i.e. "navigation into the air") is the science or art involved with the study, design, and manufacturing of air flight capable machines, and the techniques of operating aircraft and rockets within the atmosphere. The British Royal Aeronautical Society identifies the aspects of "aeronautical Art, Science and Engineering" and "the profession of Aeronautics (which expression includes Astronautics)."
Document 2: Fluid mechanics: Fluid mechanics is a branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them. Fluid mechanics has a wide range of applications, including mechanical engineering, civil engineering, chemical engineering, biomedical engineering, geophysics, astrophysics, and biology. Fluid mechanics can be divided into fluid statics, the study of fluids at rest; and fluid dynamics, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion. It is a branch of continuum mechanics, a subject which models matter without using the information that it is made out of atoms; that is, it models matter from a "macroscopic" viewpoint rather than from "microscopic". Fluid mechanics, especially fluid dynamics, is an active field of research with many problems that are partly or wholly unsolved. Fluid mechanics can be mathematically complex, and can best be solved by numerical methods, typically using computers. A modern discipline, called computational fluid dynamics (CFD), is devoted to this approach to solving fluid mechanics problems. Particle image velocimetry, an experimental method for visualizing and analyzing fluid flow, also takes advantage of the highly visual nature of fluid flow.
Document 3: HVAC: Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is the technology of indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a subdiscipline of mechanical engineering, based on the principles of thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Refrigeration is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or HVACR, or ventilating is dropped, as in HACR (as in the designation of HACR-rated circuit breakers).
Document 4: Glossary of HVAC terms: HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) is a major subdiscipline of mechanical engineering. The goal of HVAC design is to balance indoor environmental comfort with other factors such as installation cost, ease of maintenance, and energy efficiency. The discipline of HVAC includes a large number of specialized terms and acronyms, many of which are summarized in this glossary.
Document 5: AGA AB: AGA AB, previously "AB Gasaccumulator" and "AB Svenska Gasaccumulator", was a Swedish industrial gas company founded in 1904. Nobel Prize laureate Gustaf Dalén was instrumental in the success of the company. Important inventions included the AGA cooker and the Dalén light. In the 1990s AGA conceived and developed HiQ for specialty gases. In 2000, AGA was integrated into Linde AG.
Document 6: Lennox International: Lennox International Inc. () is an intercontinental company. Through its subsidiaries, it is a provider of climate control products for the heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration markets around the world. The Company was founded in 1895, in Marshalltown, Iowa, by Dave Lennox, the owner of a machine repair business for railroads. He designed and patented a riveted steel coal-fired furnace, which led to numerous advancements in heating, cooling and climate control solutions. The company was sold in 1904 to DW Norris who managed the company until his death in 1949, following which ownership devolved to his descendants who continued to hold a prominent position in the company in the following decades.
Document 7: Kirloskar Brothers: Kirloskar Brothers Limited (KBL) is a pump manufacturing company involved in engineering and manufacture of systems for fluid management. Established in 1888 and incorporated in 1920, KBL is the flagship company of the $2.5 billion Kirloskar Group. The market leader in fluid management, KBL provides fluid management solutions for large infrastructure projects in the areas of water supply, power plants, irrigation, oil & gas and marine & defence. The company engineers and manufactures industrial & petrochemical, agriculture & domestic pumps, valves and hydro turbines. In 2003 KBL acquired SPP Pumps (UK), United Kingdom and established SPP INC, Atlanta, USA, is as a wholly owned subsidiary of SPP, UK and expanded its international presence. In 2007, Kirloskar Brothers International B.V., The Netherlands and Kirloskar Brothers (Thailand) Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary in Thailand were incorporated. In 2008, KBL incorporated Kirloskar Pompen B.V. which acquired Rodelta Pumps International B.V. in 2015 in The Netherlands. In 2010 KBL acquired Braybar Pumps, South Africa and in 2012 it established a manufacturing facility in Egypt as SPP MENA. KBL has joint venture cooperation with Ebara, Japan since 1988 under Kirloskar Ebara Pumps Ltd. Kirloskar Corrocoat Private Limited is joint venture cooperation with Corrocoat, UK since 2006. KBL acquired The Kolhapur Steel Limited in 2007, Hematic Motors in 2010.
Document 8: Natural ventilation: Natural ventilation is the process of supplying air to and removing air from an indoor space without using mechanical systems. It refers to the flow of external air to an indoor space as a result of pressure differences arising from natural forces. There are two types of natural ventilation occurring in buildings: "wind driven ventilation" and "buoyancy-driven ventilation". Wind driven ventilation arises from the different pressures created by wind around a building or structure, and openings being formed on the perimeter which then permit flow through the building. Buoyancy-driven ventilation occurs as a result of the directional buoyancy force that results from temperature differences between the interior and exterior. Since the internal heat gains which create temperature differences between the interior and exterior are created by natural processes including the heat from people, and wind effects are variable, naturally ventilated buildings are sometimes called "breathing buildings".
Document 9: Scroll compressor: A scroll compressor (also called "spiral compressor", scroll pump and scroll vacuum pump) is a device for compressing air or refrigerant. It is used in air conditioning equipment, as an automobile supercharger (where it is known as a scroll-type supercharger) and as a vacuum pump. Many residential central heat pump and air conditioning systems and a few automotive air conditioning systems employ a scroll compressor instead of the more traditional rotary, reciprocating, and wobble-plate compressors.
Document 10: Martin Naughton (businessman): Martin Naughton, KBE (b. 1940 in Dundalk, County Louth), an Irish entrepreneur, founded Glen Electric in August 1973 with a small manufacturing facility employing just ten people in Newry, County Down, Northern Ireland. In 1977, Dimplex, the leading brand in the UK electrical heating market was acquired by Glen Electrics forming the Glen Dimplex Group. The company set out acquiring further businesses across the UK with Morphy Richards, the market leader in small domestic appliances in 1985 followed by Blanella, a manufacturer of electric blankets and Burco Dean Appliances, a manufacturer of products for the catering industry, all in the same year. The 1990s saw the company forge its powers of acquisition and strategic business thinking to acquire further businesses across Europe and beyond. An engineer by profession, Dr. Naughton has overseen his company to become the world's largest manufacturer in domestic heating appliances. His company has plants in the Republic of Ireland, the United Kingdom and North America. His business has more than 8000 staff and 22 manufacturing facilities with annual sales of around $1.6 billion. Naughton's stake in the company is worth around £273 million with other investments including an art collection, property in Dublin and shares in the Merrion Hotel Group and the Sunday Tribune newspaper. He was awarded with an honorary degree (Doctor of Science) for his services to promote business in Northern Ireland.
Document 11: Pioneer Implement Company: The Pioneer Implement Company, also known as the International Harvester Transfer House, is a historic building located in Council Bluffs, Iowa, United States. Eli Shugart, Ferdinand Weis and F.R. Davis formed Pioneer Implement Company in 1893, and they built the four-story Late Victorian section of the building the same year. This was during a period of growth in the city's "Implement District," which is located to the south of the central business district. What made this company standout from the others in the district is that it was locally owned and operated agricultural implement business, rather than one owned by a factory from the east. The company went out of business in 1915 and the building was taken over by International Harvester, which owned the building next door. They added the single story brick addition to the south in 1927. When IH closed their Council Bluffs operation in 1964 they were the only farm implement that was still in business in the Implement District. The building was occupied by various businesses after that, including United Parcel Service. Artspace, Inc. acquired the building and converted it into live/work spaces for artists. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2008.
Document 12: The Genie Company: The Genie Company is a manufacturer of garage door openers & related accessories. It was founded in 1923 as the Alliance Manufacturing Company. At the time the company produced a broad line of consumer, industrial and military products. In May 1954, the Alliance Manufacturing Company first produced its own garage door opener and called it Genie. In 1983 the company entered the home and shop vacuum market, and in 1985 it changed its name to Genie Home Products. Overhead Door Corporation purchased the company in 1994. The Genie Company is headquartered in Mt. Hope, Ohio. The company distributes its openers & accessories through professional dealers and retailers throughout the United States and Canada. The company President is Mike Kridel.
Document 13: Bevolo Luci a Gas ed Elettrici: Bevolo Gas and Electric Lights (also called Bevolo or Bevolo Lights) is a family business that manufactures traditional and antique lighting. It was founded in 1945 by Andrew John Bevolo, a craftsman who worked to help build the famous New Orleans Higgins boats for World War II and the first Sikorsky helicopter. It is located in New Orleans' French Quarter. The current owner of Bevolo is Andrew John Bevolo III (Drew Bevolo), the grandson of its founder. The lights Bevolo manufactures are usually made from copper by hand. Bevolo lights are produced by hand-riveting and include copper and brass accessories. The company offers a wide variety of light fixtures, however, Bevolo produces other products as well, e.g. mailboxes.
Document 14: Westaflex: Westaflex is a large global HVAC brand, owned by German company Westaflex Holding. The company began in 1933 when Lorenz and Ferdinand Westerbarkey, formerly prisoner of war during the Nazi era developed a coil-based tube forming machine, the first stable and any-shape tube of its kind. The company's owner, named it "Westaflex", from their family name "Westerbarkey" (meaning Westerflex HVAC products).
Document 15: Internal combustion engine: An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer (usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gases produced by combustion applies direct force to some component of the engine. The force is applied typically to pistons, turbine blades, rotor or a nozzle. This force moves the component over a distance, transforming chemical energy into useful mechanical energy.
ground_truth: thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer.