Question: Are Jonas Mekas and Marcel Duchamp both filmmakers?

full_context: Document 1: Adolfas Mekas: Adolfas Mekas (30 September 1925 – 31 May 2011) was a Lithuanian-born filmmaker, writer, director, editor, actor and educator. With his brother Jonas Mekas, he founded the magazine "Film Culture", as well as the Film-Makers' Cooperative and was associated with George Maciunas and the Fluxus art movement at its beginning. He made several short films, culminating in the feature "Hallelujah the Hills" in 1963, which was played at the Cannes Film Festival of that year and is now considered a classic of American film.
Document 2: Film-poem: The film-poem (also called the poetic avant-garde film, verse-film or verse-documentary) is a label first applied to American avant-garde films released after World War II. During this time, the relationship between film and poetry was debated. James Peterson in "Dreams of Chaos, Visions of Order" said, "In practice, the film poem label was primarily an emblem of the avant-garde's difference from the commercial narrative film." Peterson reported that in the 1950s, overviews of avant-garde films "generally identified two genres: the film poem and the graphic cinema". By the 1990s, the avant-garde cinema encompassed the term "film-poem" in addition to different strains of filmmaking. Film-poems are considered "personal films" and are seen "as autonomous, standing apart from traditions and genres". They are "an open, unpredictable experience" due to eschewing extrinsic expectations based on commercial films. Peterson said, "The viewer's cycles of anticipation and satisfaction derive primarily from the film's intrinsic structure." The film-poems are personal as well as private: "Many film poems document intimate moments of the filmmaker's life."
Document 3: Duras: Duchamp: Duras: Duchamp is an album of contemporary classical music by American composer and saxophonist/multi-instrumentalist John Zorn consisting two tribute compositions for Marguerite Duras and Marcel Duchamp.
Document 4: Found object: Found object originates from the French "objet trouvé", describing art created from undisguised, but often modified, objects or products that are not normally considered materials from which art is made, often because they already have a non-art function. Pablo Picasso first publicly utilized the idea when he pasted a printed image of chair caning onto his painting titled "Still Life with Chair Caning" (1912). Marcel Duchamp is thought to have perfected the concept several years later when he made a series of ready-mades, consisting of completely unaltered everyday objects selected by Duchamp and designated as art. The most famous example is "Fountain" (1917), a standard urinal purchased from a hardware store and displayed on a pedestal, resting on its side. In its strictest sense art term "ready-made" is applied exclusively to works produced by Marcel Duchamp, who borrowed the term from the clothing industry while living in New York, and especially to works dating from 1913 to 1921.
Document 5: Gus Van Sant: Gus Green Van Sant, Jr. (born July 24, 1952) is an American film director, screenwriter, painter, photographer, musician and author who has earned acclaim as both an independent and more mainstream filmmaker. His films typically deal with themes of marginalized subcultures, in particular homosexuality; as such, Van Sant is considered one of the most prominent auteurs of the New Queer Cinema movement.
Document 6: Ari Marcopoulos: Ari Marcopoulos (born 1957) is an Amsterdam-born photographer and filmmaker, living and working in New York and California. As a photographer, film artist and adventurist, Marcopoulos, transplants himself into the intimate lives of people living on the edge. Artists, snowboarders, musicians and skateboarders have been both muses and commercial subject-matter throughout his quarter century career as a photographer. His stunning landscapes and playful portraiture offer a dramatic take on everyday life, and a glimpse into all things awesome. The Berkeley Art Museum presented Marcopoulos’s first mid-career survey in the United States in 2010. Marcopoulos is represented by Kavi Gupta of Chicago and Berlin. He is not related to Jonathan Marcopoulos.
Document 7: Jonas in the Jungle: Jonas in the Jungle is a 2013 documentary film by Peter Sempel about the filmmaker Jonas Mekas. It is part of a long term series of films about Mekas ("Jonas in the Desert" (1991), "Jonas at the Ocean" (2004)). The earlier films were focused more on Mekas' work, while this film is more about the life of the 'legend of film avant-garde' as he enters his 90's, still working, and still maintaining relevance in the modern world.
Document 8: Portrait of Marcel Duchamp: Portrait of Marcel Duchamp is a 1919 work of art by Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven. It is an example of readymade art, a term coined by Marcel Duchamp in 1915 to describe his found object art.
Document 9: Prelude to a Broken Arm: Prelude to a Broken Arm (En prévision du bras cassé in French) is a 1915 sculpture by Dada artist Marcel Duchamp that consisted of a regular snow shovel with the title and "from Marcel Duchamp 1915" painted on the handle. An antidote to what he called "retinal art", this sculpture was the second of a series of sculptures that he called "ready-mades", the most famous of which is his 1917 "Fontaine" ("Fountain"). At the time, the term "ready-made" referred to manufactured goods as opposed to handmade goods, but Duchamp used the term to describe "an ordinary object elevated to the dignity of a work of art by the mere choice of an artist". The original was hung from a wire in the studio and has since been lost. It is believed that the shovel was mistaken for an ordinary snow shovel and was removed to move snow off the sidewalks of Chicago. A replica of the sculpture is on display at the Yale University Art Gallery in New Haven, Connecticut.
Document 10: Jonas Mekas: Jonas Mekas (] ; born December 24, 1922) is a Lithuanian American filmmaker, poet and artist who has often been called "the godfather of American avant-garde cinema." His work has been exhibited in museums and festivals worldwide.
Document 11: Marcel Duchamp: Henri-Robert-Marcel Duchamp (] ; 28 July 1887 – 2 October 1968) was a French-American painter, sculptor, chess player and writer whose work is associated with Cubism, conceptual art and Dada, although he was careful about his use of the term Dada and was not directly associated with Dada groups. Duchamp is commonly regarded, along with Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, as one of the three artists who helped to define the revolutionary developments in the plastic arts in the opening decades of the twentieth century, responsible for significant developments in painting and sculpture. Duchamp has had an immense impact on twentieth-century and twenty first-century art; and he had a seminal influence on the development of conceptual art. By World War I, he had rejected the work of many of his fellow artists (like Henri Matisse) as "retinal" art, intended only to please the eye. Instead, Duchamp wanted to use art to serve the mind.
Document 12: The Case of Marcel Duchamp: The Case of Marcel Duchamp is a 1984 British mystery film directed by David Rowan and starring Guy Rolfe, Raymond Francis, Harold Innocent and Juliet Hammond. Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson come out of retirement to solve a final case concerning the artist Marcel Duchamp.
Document 13: Collective for Living Cinema: The Collective for Living Cinema was an outpost of avant-garde cinema located on White Street in Lower Manhattan in the United States of America. It regularly presented work by filmmakers such as Ken Jacobs, Johan van der Keuken, Yvonne Rainer, Christine Vachon, Dziga Vertov and many others who created films that were outside of the commercial mainstream in the United States. It also published a number of scholarly journals on film. Many of the founders studied film at Binghamton University together, where they developed a particular interest in the avant-garde.
Document 14: Georges Braque: Georges Braque ( ; ] ; 13 May 1882 – 31 August 1963) was a major 20th-century French painter, collagist, draughtsman, printmaker and sculptor. His most important contributions to the history of art were in his alliance with Fauvism from 1906, and the role he played in the development of Cubism. Braque’s work between 1908 and 1912 is closely associated with that of his colleague Pablo Picasso. Their respective Cubist works were indistinguishable for many years, yet the quiet nature of Braque was partially eclipsed by the fame and notoriety of Picasso.
Document 15: Film Culture: Film Culture was an American film magazine started by Adolfas Mekas and his brother Jonas Mekas in 1954. The headquarters was in New York City. Best known for exploring the avant-garde cinema in depth, it also published articles on other aspects of cinema, including Hollywood films.
ground_truth: no