Question: When was Why's performer's place of birth established as a city?

full_context: Document 1: Philadelphia: In 1681, in partial repayment of a debt, Charles II of England granted William Penn a charter for what would become the Pennsylvania colony. Despite the royal charter, Penn bought the land from the local Lenape to be on good terms with the Native Americans and ensure peace for his colony. Penn made a treaty of friendship with Lenape chief Tammany under an elm tree at Shackamaxon, in what is now the city's Fishtown section. Penn named the city Philadelphia, which is Greek for brotherly love (from philos, "love" or "friendship", and adelphos, "brother"). As a Quaker, Penn had experienced religious persecution and wanted his colony to be a place where anyone could worship freely. This tolerance, far more than afforded by most other colonies, led to better relations with the local Native tribes and fostered Philadelphia's rapid growth into America's most important city. Penn planned a city on the Delaware River to serve as a port and place for government. Hoping that Philadelphia would become more like an English rural town instead of a city, Penn laid out roads on a grid plan to keep houses and businesses spread far apart, with areas for gardens and orchards. The city's inhabitants did not follow Penn's plans, as they crowded by the Delaware River, the port, and subdivided and resold their lots. Before Penn left Philadelphia for the last time, he issued the Charter of 1701 establishing it as a city. It became an important trading center, poor at first, but with tolerable living conditions by the 1750s. Benjamin Franklin, a leading citizen, helped improve city services and founded new ones, such as fire protection, a library, and one of the American colonies' first hospitals.
Document 2: Why Lady Why: "Why Lady Why" is a song written by Teddy Gentry and Rick Scott, and recorded by American country music band Alabama. It was released in August 1980 as the fourth and final single from the album "My Home's in Alabama". The song was the group's second No. 1 song on the "Billboard magazine" Hot Country Singles chart.
Document 3: Philadelphia: Philadelphia artists have had a prominent national role in popular music. In the 1970s, Philadelphia soul influenced the music of that and later eras. On July 13, 1985, Philadelphia hosted the American end of the Live Aid concert at John F. Kennedy Stadium. The city reprised this role for the Live 8 concert, bringing some 700,000 people to the Ben Franklin Parkway on July 2, 2005. Philadelphia is home to the world-renowned Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale, which has performed its music all over the world. Dr. Robert G. Hamilton, founder of the choir, is a notable native Philadelphian. The Philly Pops is another famous Philadelphia music group. The city has played a major role in the development and support of American rock music and rap music. Hip-hop/Rap artists such as The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes hail from the city.
Document 4: Province of Pennsylvania: Province of Pennsylvania Colony of England (1681 -- 1707) Colony of Great Britain (1707 -- 76) 1681 -- 1783 Flag Coat of arms A map of the Province of Pennsylvania. Capital Philadelphia Languages English, Pennsylvania German, Welsh, Unami, Susquehannock, Munsee Government Proprietary colony, Semi-autonomous Constitutional monarchy Monarch 1681 -- 1685 Charles II 1685 -- 1688 James II 1689 -- 1702 (Mary died 1694) William III & Mary II 1702 -- 1714 Anne 1714 -- 1727 George I 1727 -- 1760 George II 1760 -- 1776 George III Royal Governor 1681 -- 1783 List of colonial governors of Pennsylvania Legislature Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly History Land grant to William Penn March 4, 1681 Treaty of Paris (1783) September 3, 1783 Currency Pound sterling, Spanish dollar Succeeded by Pennsylvania Today part of United States
Document 5: Why (Frankie Avalon song): "Why" is a hit song recorded by Frankie Avalon in 1959 that went to No. 1 on the U.S. "Billboard" Hot 100 chart published on the week of December 28, 1959, for the week ending of January 2, 1960, making it the last No. 1 single of the 1950s, and the first No. 1 single of the 1960s at the same time. It also became the first No. 1 single of the 1960s on the "Cashbox magazine" charts. The song was written by Avalon's manager and record producer Robert "Bob" Marcucci and Peter De Angelis. It was Avalon's second and final No. 1 hit.
Document 6: Philadelphia: Philadelphia's central city was created in the 17th century following the plan by William Penn's surveyor Thomas Holme. Center City is structured with long straight streets running east-west and north-south forming a grid pattern. The original city plan was designed to allow for easy travel and to keep residences separated by open space that would help prevent the spread of fire. The Delaware River and Schuylkill Rivers served as early boundaries between which the city's early street plan was kept within. In addition, Penn planned the creation of five public parks in the city which were renamed in 1824 (in parenthesis): Centre Square, North East Publick Square (Franklin Square), Northwest Square (Logan Square), Southwest Square (Rittenhouse Square), and Southeast Square (Washington Square). Center City has grown into the second-most populated downtown area in the United States, after Midtown Manhattan in New York City, with an estimated 183,240 residents in 2015.
Document 7: East Jersey: Although a number of the East Jersey proprietors in England were Quakers and the governor through most of the 1680s was the leading Quaker Robert Barclay, the Quaker influence on government was not significant. Even the immigration instigated by Barclay was oriented toward promoting Scottish influence more than Quaker influence. In 1682 Barclay and the other Scottish proprietors began the development of Perth Amboy as the capital of the province. In 1687 James II permitted ships to be cleared at Perth Amboy.
Document 8: Bobby Sox to Stockings: "Bobby Sox to Stockings" is a song written by Russell Faith, Clarence Kehner and Richard DiCicco and performed by Frankie Avalon. The song reached #8 on the "Billboard" Top 100 an #26 on the R&B chart in 1959.
Document 9: A Boy Without a Girl: "A Boy Without a Girl" is a song written by Sid Jacobson and Ruth Sexton and performed by Frankie Avalon. The song reached #10 on the "Billboard" Top 100 in 1959.
Document 10: Music of Pennsylvania: Following the American Revolution, Philadelphia became especially renowned for musical development and was the home of the esteemed Alexander Reinagle, John Christopher Moller, Rayner Taylor and Susannah Haswell Rowson. Reinagle became the most influential figure in Philadelphia's musical life, organizing a number of concerts, organizations and musical events. Francis Hopkinson, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, was a notable composer of the period. One of his compositions, "My Days Have Been So Wondrous Free", is well-remembered as the first art song from the United States (though this is disputed); it is, however, lacking in originality and innovation to set it apart from European compositions.
Document 11: William Penn: William Penn (14 October 1644 -- 30 July 1718) was the son of Sir William Penn, and was an English real estate entrepreneur, philosopher, early Quaker, and founder of the English North American colony the Province of Pennsylvania. He was an early advocate of democracy and religious freedom, notable for his good relations and successful treaties with the Lenape Native Americans. Under his direction, the city of Philadelphia was planned and developed.
Document 12: Benjamin Franklin: Franklin is known to have played the violin, the harp, and the guitar. He also composed music, notably a string quartet in early classical style. While he was in London, he developed a much-improved version of the glass harmonica, in which the glasses rotate on a shaft, with the player's fingers held steady, instead of the other way around. He worked with the London glassblower Charles James to create it, and instruments based on his mechanical version soon found their way to other parts of Europe. Joesph Haydn (a fan of Franklin's enlightened ideas) had a glass harmonica in his instrument collection. Beethoven wrote a sonata for the glass harmonica.
Document 13: DeDe Dinah: "DeDe Dinah" is a song written by Peter De Angelis and Bob Marcucci and performed by Frankie Avalon. The song reached #7 on the "Billboard" Top 100 and #8 on the R&B chart in 1958. The song appeared on his 1958 album, "Frankie Avalon".
Document 14: Jacob French: Jacob French (July 15, 1754 – May 1817) was a singing master and one of the first American composers. "A student of William Billings, French adopted Billings' innovative approach to psalmody ... His music tends to be more complex in its structure, rhythm, and counterpoint than most of his contemporaries." "Along with William Billings, he is regarded as one of the finest composer of anthems in the New England tradition." French's "Farewell Anthem" appears in "Southern Harmony", 1835, as well as "The Sacred Harp" from 1844 to the present. He was born in Stoughton, Massachusetts. His brother, Edward, also composed a few tunes
Document 15: Philadelphia: Philadelphia is home to many national historical sites that relate to the founding of the United States. Independence National Historical Park is the center of these historical landmarks being one of the country's 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Independence Hall, where the Declaration of Independence was signed, and the Liberty Bell are the city's most famous attractions. Other historic sites include homes for Edgar Allan Poe, Betsy Ross, and Thaddeus Kosciuszko, early government buildings like the First and Second Banks of the United States, Fort Mifflin, and the Gloria Dei (Old Swedes') Church. Philadelphia alone has 67 National Historic Landmarks, the third most of any city in the country.
ground_truth: 1701
sub_queries: Why >> performer Answer: Frankie Avalon
Frankie Avalon >> place of birth Answer: Philadelphia
When was Philadelphia established as a city? Answer: 1701