Question: Who is older, Julian Barnes or Arthur Koestler?

full_context: Document 1: John Banville: William John Banville (born 8 December 1945), who writes as John Banville and sometimes as Benjamin Black, is an Irish novelist, adapter of dramas, and screenwriter. Recognised for his precise, cold, forensic prose style, Nabokovian inventiveness, and for the dark humour of his generally arch narrators, Banville is considered to be "one of the most imaginative literary novelists writing in the English language today." He has been described as "the heir to Proust, via Nabokov."
Document 2: Patrick McCabe (novelist): Patrick McCabe (born 27 March 1955) is an Irish writer. Known for his mostly dark and violent novels set in contemporary—often small-town—Ireland, McCabe has been twice shortlisted for the Booker Prize, for "The Butcher Boy" and "Breakfast on Pluto", both of which have been made into films.
Document 3: Arthur Koestler: The Story of a Friendship: Arthur Koestler: The Story of a Friendship is a book by George Mikes published in 1983, soon after Arthur Koestler’s suicide. As the author states in the Introduction, the book is not a biography of the subject but a series of recollections and anecdotes of a friendship spanning more than thirty years from 1952 up to the time of Koestler’s suicide in March 1983.
Document 4: Koestler Trust: Koestler had been detained in three jails in separate countries. In Spain, he was sentenced to death in 1936 for espionage under Francisco Franco's regime. Here, he witnessed many executions, and was held in solitary confinement. He was arrested in France a few years later and held in the Le Vernet Internment Camp for subversion. Koestler was released and fled to England, where he was held at Pentonville as a suspected illegal immigrant.
Document 5: Jonathan Franzen: Jonathan Earl Franzen (born August 17, 1959) is an American novelist and essayist. His 2001 novel "The Corrections", a sprawling, satirical family drama, drew widespread critical acclaim, earned Franzen a National Book Award, was a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction finalist, earned a James Tait Black Memorial Prize and was shortlisted for the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award. His novel "Freedom" (2010) garnered similar praise and led to an appearance on the cover of "Time" magazine alongside the headline "Great American Novelist".
Document 6: Barry Forshaw: Barry Forshaw is a writer, broadcaster and journalist whose books include "", "The Rough Guide to Crime Fiction", "Brit Noir", "British Gothic Cinema", "Nordic Noir", "Sex and Film", "Euro Noir", "" and "" along with books on Italian cinema, film noir and the first UK biography of Stieg Larsson, "The Man Who Left Too Soon". He has written on books and films for many newspapers and magazines; he also edits "Crime Time", and is one of the talking heads for the ITV Crime Thriller author profiles. He records documentaries on crime fiction and film for a variety of BBC producers for both TV and radio, along with much work for foreign broadcasters. He has been Vice Chair of the Crime Writers' Association. As well as his specialist area of books (in most genres), he writes on film (booklets for special edition DVDs) and all aspects of the arts (popular and serious). He is winner of the Keating Award for Non-Fiction for "British Crime Writing: An Encyclopedia" (Greenwood)
Document 7: Arthur Koestler: Arthur Koestler, ( ; ] ; Hungarian: "Kösztler Artúr" ; 5 September 1905 – 1 March 1983) was a Hungarian-British author and journalist. Koestler was born in Budapest and, apart from his early school years, was educated in Austria. In 1931 Koestler joined the Communist Party of Germany until, disillusioned by Stalinism, he resigned in 1938. In 1940 he published his novel "Darkness at Noon", an anti-totalitarian work that gained him international fame. Over the next 43 years, from his residence in Britain, Koestler espoused many political causes, and wrote novels, memoirs, biographies and numerous essays. In 1968 he was awarded the Sonning Prize "for [his] outstanding contribution to European culture" and in 1972 he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE). In 1976 he was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and in 1979 with terminal leukaemia. In 1983 he and his wife committed suicide at their home in London.
Document 8: The Sense of an Ending: The Sense of an Ending is a 2011 novel written by British author Julian Barnes. The book is Barnes' eleventh novel written under his own name (he has also written crime fiction under the pseudonym Dan Kavanagh) and was released on 4 August 2011 in the United Kingdom. "The Sense of an Ending" is narrated by a retired man named Tony Webster, who recalls how he and his clique met Adrian Finn at school and vowed to remain friends for life. When the past catches up with Tony, he reflects on the paths he and his friends have taken. In October 2011, "The Sense of an Ending" was awarded the Man Booker Prize. The following month it was nominated in the novels category at the Costa Book Awards.
Document 9: Beryl Bainbridge: Dame Beryl Margaret Bainbridge DBE (21 November 1932 – 2 July 2010) was an English writer from Liverpool. She was primarily known for her works of psychological fiction, often macabre tales set among the English working class. Bainbridge won the Whitbread Awards prize for best novel in 1977 and 1996; she was nominated five times for the Booker Prize. She was described in 2007 as "a national treasure". In 2008, "The Times" named Bainbridge on their list of "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945".
Document 10: Arthur Koestler (book): "Arthur Koestler" is a book by Mark Levene published in 1984, a year after Arthur Koestler's suicide. The book is divided into seven main chapters, of which the first of is a biography and the other six critical essays on each of Koestler's six novels, his stories and his play "Twilight Bar".
Document 11: Living with Koestler: Living with Koestler: Mamaine Koestler's Letters 1945–51 is a book about the author Arthur Koestler and Mamaine Paget, Koestler’s second wife. More specifically, it is a selected compilation of Mamaine’s letters to her twin sister Celia about her life with Koestler. The spontaneous and engaging letters reflect the intensity of her life with Koestler between 1945 and 1951.
Document 12: Martin Amis: Martin Louis Amis (born 25 August 1949) is a British novelist. His best-known novels are "Money" (1984) and "London Fields" (1989). He has received the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for his memoir "Experience" and has been listed for the Booker Prize twice to date (shortlisted in 1991 for "Time's Arrow" and longlisted in 2003 for "Yellow Dog"). Amis served as the Professor of Creative Writing at the Centre for New Writing at the University of Manchester until 2011. In 2008, "The Times" named him one of the 50 greatest British writers since 1945.
Document 13: Spanish Testament: Spanish Testament is a 1937 book by Arthur Koestler, describing his experiences during the Spanish Civil War. Part II of the book was subsequently published on its own, with minor modifications, under the title "Dialogue with Death" (see below). Koestler made three trips to Spain during the civil war; the third time he was captured, sentenced to death and imprisoned by the Nationalist forces of General Franco. Koestler was at that time working on behalf of the Comintern and as an agent of the Loyalist Government's official news agency, using for cover accreditation to the British daily "News Chronicle".
Document 14: Julian Barnes: Julian Patrick Barnes (born 19 January 1946) is an English writer. Barnes won the Man Booker Prize for his book "The Sense of an Ending" (2011), and three of his earlier books had been shortlisted for the Booker Prize: "Flaubert's Parrot" (1984), "England, England" (1998), and "Arthur & George" (2005). He has also written crime fiction under the pseudonym Dan Kavanagh. In addition to novels, Barnes has published collections of essays and short stories.
Document 15: George Orwell: Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903 – 21 January 1950), better known by his pen name George Orwell, was an English novelist, essayist, journalist, and critic. His work is marked by lucid prose, awareness of social injustice, opposition to totalitarianism, and outspoken support of democratic socialism.
ground_truth: Arthur Koestler