Question: Farrukh Saleem is an expert in which study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers?

full_context: Document 1: Screening game: A screening game is a two-player principal–agent type game used in economic and game theoretical modeling. Principal–agent problems are situations where there are two players whose interests are not necessarily matching with each other, but where complete honesty is not optimal for one player. This will lead to strategies where the players exchange information based in their actions which is to some degree noisy. This ambiguity prevents the other player from taking advantage of the first. The game is closely related to signaling games, but there is a difference in how information is exchanged.
Document 2: Game theory: Game theory is "the study of mathematical models of conflict and cooperation between intelligent rational decision-makers". Game theory is mainly used in economics, political science, and psychology, as well as logic, computer science and biology. Originally, it addressed zero-sum games, in which one person's gains result in losses for the other participants. Today, game theory applies to a wide range of behavioral relations, and is now an umbrella term for the science of logical decision making in humans, animals, and computers.
Document 3: Ussif Rashid Sumaila: Ussif Rashid Sumaila is a professor of ocean and fisheries economics at the University of British Columbia, Canada, and the Director of the Fisheries Economics Research Unit at the UBC Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries (formerly known as the UBC Fisheries Centre). He specializes in bioeconomics, marine ecosystem valuation and the analysis of global issues such as fisheries subsidies, IUU (illegal, unreported and unregulated) fishing and the economics of high and deep seas fisheries. Sumaila has experience working in fisheries and natural resource projects in Norway, Canada and the North Atlantic region, Namibia and the Southern African region, Ghana and the West African region and Hong Kong and the South China Sea. He received his Bachelor of Science degree with honours from Ahmadu Bello University University in Nigeria and received his PhD from Bergen University in Norway.
Document 4: Duncan McCargo: Duncan McCargo is Professor of Political Science at the University of Leeds. Since the beginning of 2015, he has held a shared appointment at Columbia University, where he is a Visiting Professor of Political Science and teaches every spring semester. McCargo is also a visiting scholar at the Weatherhead East Asian Institute, Columbia University, and an associate fellow of the New-York-based Asia Society. He holds three degrees from the University of London: a First in English (Royal Holloway 1986); an MA in Area Studies (Southeast Asia) (1990); and a PhD in Politics (1993) (both graduate degrees from the School of Oriental and African Studies). He has also taught at Queen's University, Belfast, and at Kobe Gakuin University, Japan. In 2006-07, he was a visiting senior research fellow at the Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore. He served as a distinguished visiting professor at Universiti Utara Malaysia in September 2011. During the 2015-16 academic year, he was a Visitor at the School of Social Science, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton.
Document 5: Prakhar Gupta: Prakhar Gupta is an Indian journalist and a foreign affairs analyst. He has written on issues such as maritime security in the Indian Ocean Region, Territorial disputes in the South China Sea, Nuclear non-proliferation, and India-China-Pakistan relations. He has written for The Diplomat, Youth Ki Awaaz, The Frustrated Indian, Swarajya and South Asian Voices, an online platform for strategic analysis on South Asia hosted by The Stimson Center.
Document 6: Hedonic game: In cooperative game theory, a hedonic game (also known as a hedonic coalition formation game) is a game that models the formation of coalitions (groups) of players when players have preferences over which group they belong to. A hedonic game is specified by giving a finite set of players, and, for each player, a preference ranking over all coalitions (subsets) of players that the player belongs to. The outcome of a hedonic game consists of a partition of the players into disjoint coalitions, that is, each player is assigned a unique group. Such partitions are often referred to as coalition structures.
Document 7: Amir Ullah Khan: He has worked on development issues primarily in the Health, education and agriculture sectors. Amir studied at the Institute of Rural Management Anand and has a PhD in Economics and Business Studies from the Jamia Millia University. He graduated in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the Osmania University. He has worked as a Researcher for the Ministry of Finance, Government of India and the UNDP at Project LARGE (Legal Adjustments and Reforms for Globalising the Economy). He is senior policy advisor to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Document 8: Mahbub ul Haq: Mahbub ul Haq (Urdu: ‎ ; 24 February 1934 – 16 July 1998) was a Pakistani game theorist, economist and an international development theorist who served as the 13th Finance Minister of Pakistan from 10 April 1985 until 28 January 1988.
Document 9: Silverman's game: In game theory, Silverman's game is a two-person zero sum game played on the unit square. It is named for mathematician David Silverman.
Document 10: Mathematical model: A mathematical model is a description of a system using mathematical concepts and language. The process of developing a mathematical model is termed mathematical modeling. Mathematical models are used in the natural sciences (such as physics, biology, Earth science, meteorology) and engineering disciplines (such as computer science, artificial intelligence), as well as in the social sciences (such as economics, psychology, sociology, political science). Physicists, engineers, statisticians, operations research analysts, and economists use mathematical models most extensively . A model may help to explain a system and to study the effects of different components, and to make predictions about behaviour.
Document 11: Nyla Ali Khan: Dr. Nyla Ali Khan is a Visiting Professor at the University of Oklahoma and former professor at the University of Nebraska-Kearney. She is the author of two books, including "The Fiction of Nationality in an Era of Transnationalism" and "Islam, Women, and Violence in Kashmir: Between Indian and Pakistan," and several articles that focus heavily on the political issues and strife of her homeland, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Despite being the granddaughter of Sheikh Abdullah, Nyla Khan prefers not simply to live in his shadow but to "stand up for myself and be taken seriously ... express my anger without being labeled an 'Islamic militant' ... [and] legitimately question things I don't understand", as she stated in a 2010 interview related to the release of her second book.
Document 12: Farrukh Saleem: Farrukh Saleem (Urdu: فاروخ سليم; PhD), is a Pakistani political scientist, game and economic theorist, financial analyst writer, and television personality. Currently working on specialising the discipline of finance and education, he has extensively published articles on geopolitics, economic competition, and education reforms in Pakistan, and the world. Currently, he is leading the research project on politics and education at the Center for Research and Security Studies (CRSS).
Document 13: M. Jaffar-ur-Rehman: He topped Quaid-i-Azam University by setting an all-time Computer Science Department record of a cumulative grade point average (CGPA) of 4.9 on a scale of 5.0. In result, he was awarded the Quaid-e-Azam Scholarship for higher studies abroad, which he used to receive his Master of Science (M.Sc) degree and his Ph.D. in computer science in the United States. He completed his M.Sc. in just one year at the University of Pennsylvania by securing a CGPA of 3.9 on a scale of 4.0. He taught in Australia for around three years during his Ph.D. He came back to Pakistan after fully completing his Ph.D., where he taught at Quaid-e-Azam University, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), and then Mohammad Ali Jinnah University.
Document 14: Social heuristics: Social heuristics as a tool of bounded rationality are thought to guide behavior and decisions in the social environment. Social environments tend to be characterised by complexity and uncertainty, and agents with limited informational or cognitive resources may rely on simple rules of thumb to make decisions. The class of phenomena described by social heuristics overlap with those typically investigated by social psychology and game theory. At the intersection of these fields, social heuristics have been applied to explain cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma, based on the argument that cooperation is typically advantageous in daily life, and therefore people develop a cooperation heuristic that gets applied even to one-shot anonymous interactions (the so-called "social heuristics hypothesis" of human cooperation).
Document 15: Centipede game: In game theory, the centipede game, first introduced by Robert Rosenthal in 1981, is an extensive form game in which two players take turns choosing either to take a slightly larger share of an increasing pot, or to pass the pot to the other player. The payoffs are arranged so that if one passes the pot to one's opponent and the opponent takes the pot on the next round, one receives slightly less than if one had taken the pot on this round. Although the traditional centipede game had a limit of 100 rounds (hence the name), any game with this structure but a different number of rounds is called a centipede game.
ground_truth: Game theory