Question: Which magazine, launched in 1934 by the Communist Party, was known to publish work by Emil Draitser?

full_context: Document 1: Andrew Delbanco: Andrew H. Delbanco (born 1952) is the Alexander Hamilton Professor of American Studies at Columbia University. He is the author of several books, including "College: What It Was, Is, and Should Be" (2012), which has been translated into Chinese, Korean, Turkish, Russian, and Hebrew. "Melville: His World and Work" (2005), a finalist for the Los Angeles Times Book Prize in Biography, was awarded the Lionel Trilling Award by Columbia University, and has been translated into German and Spanish. He has written many essays in journals of culture and opinion, especially "The New York Review of Books" and "The New Republic", on American literature and religion, as well as the history and current state of U.S. higher education.
Document 2: Maxim Kantor: a Russian painter, writer, essayist and social commentator of an openly philosophical turn, and, as he once said, "one profession proceeds from the other". He shares his time between working in Moscow, London and Berlin. In 2015 began his work in the United States.
Document 3: Damion Searls: Damion Searls is an American writer and translator. He grew up in New York and studied at Harvard University and the University of California, Berkeley. He specializes in translating literary works from Western European languages such as German, Norwegian, French, and Dutch. Among the authors he has translated are Marcel Proust, Rainer Maria Rilke, Robert Walser, Ingeborg Bachmann, Thomas Bernhard, Kurt Schwitters, Peter Handke, Jon Fosse, and Nescio. He has received numerous grants and fellowships for his translations.
Document 4: The Brooklyn Rail: The Brooklyn Rail is a 501(c)(3) non-profit journal of arts, culture, and politics published monthly in Brooklyn, NY. The journal features in-depth interviews with artists, critics, and curators, as well as critical essays, fiction, poetry, reviews of music, dance, film, and theater. "The Brooklyn Rail" is free and is distributed in galleries, universities, museums, bookstores, and other organizations including Anthology Film Archives, the Brooklyn Public Library, the Brooklyn Museum, MoMA PS1, BAM, La MaMa, The Kitchen, Columbia University School of the Arts, The New School, and Yale University, among others. Among its distinguished list of contributors are winners of the National Book Awards, the Pulitzer Prize, and the Nobel Prize in Literature. "The Rail" operates a small press called Rail Editions that publishes literary translations, poetry, and art criticism. In addition to its small press "The Rail" has also organized panel discussions, readings, film screenings, music and dance performances, and curated exhibitions through a program called Rail Curatorial Projects.
Document 5: The New Republic: The New Republic is a liberal American magazine of commentary on politics and the arts published since 1914, with influence on American political and cultural thinking. Founded in 1914 by major leaders of the Progressive Movement, it attempted to find a balance between a progressivism focused on humanitarianism and moral passion, and on the other hand sought a basis in scientific analysis of social issues. It supported American entry into World War One, but discarded much of its faith in the possibility of a scientific liberalism. After the 1980s it incorporated elements of conservatism. In 2014, two years after Chris Hughes purchased the magazine, he ousted its editor and attempted to remake its format and operations, provoking the resignation of the majority of its editors and writers. In early 2016, Hughes announced he was putting the magazine up for sale, indicating the need for "new vision and leadership". It was sold in February 2016 to Win McCormack.
Document 6: The Realist: The Realist was a pioneering magazine of "social-political-religious criticism and satire", intended as a hybrid of a grown-ups version of "Mad" and Lyle Stuart's anti-censorship monthly "The Independent." Edited and published by Paul Krassner, and often regarded as a milestone in the American underground or countercultural press of the mid-20th century, it was a nationally-distributed newsstand publication as early as 1958. Publication was discontinued in 2001.
Document 7: Edward Alexander (professor): Edward Alexander (born 1936) is an American essayist and professor emeritus of English at the University of Washington. He has focused his research on literary figures such as John Stuart Mill, Matthew Arnold, John Morley, John Ruskin, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Lionel Trilling, Irving Howe, and Robert B. Heilman; and has authored books about Jewish history, Zionism, and antisemitism.
Document 8: Ürün: The first issue of Ürün Socialist Magazine was published in July 1974. This magazine became the voice of the Atılım Period of the TKP Communist Party of Turkey in the political area. The founder owner of the magazine was Ural Ateşer, the editor of the magazine was Nuri Samyeli. By the sixth issue, Selçuk Uzun became the editor of the magazine, starting from the fortieth issue which was published in October 1977 till the last 55th issue which was published in January 1979 Ahmet Taştan became the editor of the magazine. Ahmet Taştan was judged because of publishing the TKP program in the Ürün Socialist Magazine, and the magazine was deactivated. The founder of the magazine Ural Ateşer is now a journailst in Germany. And Ahmet Taştan is a political immigrant in Sweden.
Document 9: Red Flag (magazine): The Red Flag () was a theoretical political journal published by the Chinese Communist Party. It was one of the "Two Newspapers and One Magazine"(两报一刊) during the 1960s and 1970s. The newspapers were "People's Daily" and "Guangming Daily". "People's Liberation Army Daily" is also regarded as one of them.
Document 10: Leibush Lehrer: Leibush L. Lehrer (1887 Warsaw - 1964 New York) was a leading Yiddish pedagogue, writer, philosopher and lyricist. He authored several books on education, psychology, and literature. Born in Warsaw, he emigrated to the United States in 1909. From 1919 until his death, he lectured at the Jewish Teachers Seminary. Lehrer was also involved with the research efforts of YIVO as the Secretary for the Section on Psychology and Education. He was a proponent of the position that Judaism was an entire folk culture, not merely a religion.
Document 11: Partisan Review: Partisan Review ("PR") was a small circulation quarterly "little magazine" dealing with literature, politics, and cultural commentary published in New York City. The magazine was launched in 1934 by the Communist Party, USA-affiliated John Reed Club of New York and was initially part of the Communist political orbit. Growing disaffection on the part of "PR"' s primary editors began to make itself felt, however, and the magazine abruptly suspended publication in the fall of 1936. When the magazine reemerged late in 1937, it came with the addition of additional editors and new writers who advanced a political line deeply critical of Stalin's USSR.
Document 12: The Liberator (magazine): The Liberator was a monthly socialist magazine established by Max Eastman and his sister Crystal Eastman in 1918 to continue the work of "The Masses," which was shut down by the wartime mailing regulations of the U.S. government. Intensely political, the magazine included copious quantities of art, poetry, and fiction along with political reporting and commentary. The publication was an organ of the Communist Party of America from late 1922 and was merged with two other publications to form "The Workers Monthly" in 1924.
Document 13: Review of Indonesia: Review of Indonesia was an English-language monthly magazine published by the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). The magazine existed between 1954 and 1960. It was initially known as Monthly Review. It was launched in mid-1954. "Monthly Review" was mimeographed, but once it was relaunched as "Review of Indonesia" in January 1957 it was printed and illustrated.
Document 14: Partisan Coffee House: The Partisan was a radical venue of the New Left, at 7 Carlisle Street in the Soho district of London, now utilised as office space. It was established by historian Raphael Samuel in 1958 in the aftermath of the Suez Crisis and the Soviet invasion of Hungary. It closed in 1962, victim of a "business model" that was hospitable to the penniless intellectuals who patronised it, but wholly unrealistic.
Document 15: Emil Draitser: Emil Draitser (born 1937) is an author and professor of Russian at Hunter College in New York City. Besides twelve books of artistic and scholarly prose, his essays and short stories have been published in the "Los Angeles Times", "Partisan Review", "North American Review", "San Francisco Chronicle", "Prism International", and many other American and Canadian periodicals. His fiction has also appeared in Russian, Polish, and Israeli journals. A three-time recipient of the New Jersey State Council on the Arts fellowships in writing, he has also received numerous grants for writing both fiction and non-fiction from the City University of New York. Draitser has given numerous public lectures and book talks at universities and cultural centers in the United States, Canada, UK, Israel, Australia, New Zealand, and Russia.
ground_truth: Partisan Review