Question: Black existentialism or Africana critical theory is a school of thought that "critiques domination and affirms the empowerment of Black people in the world" and may also be seen as method, which allows one to read works by African-American writers such as W. E. B. Du Bois, James Baldwin, and Ralph Ellison, best known for what novel?

full_context: Document 1: Black existentialism: Black existentialism or Africana critical theory is a school of thought that "critiques domination and affirms the empowerment of Black people in the world". Although it shares a word with existentialism and that philosophy's concerns with existence and meaning in life, it "is predicated on the liberation of all black people in the world from oppression". It may also be seen as method, which allows one to read works by African-American writers such as W. E. B. Du Bois, James Baldwin, and Ralph Ellison in an existentialist frame. Lewis Gordon argues that black existentialism is not only existential philosophy produced by black philosophers but is also thought that addresses the intersection of problems of existence in black contexts.
Document 2: Lewis Gordon: Lewis Ricardo Gordon (born 1962) is an American philosopher who works in the areas of Africana philosophy, philosophy of human and life sciences, phenomenology, philosophy of existence, social and political theory, postcolonial thought, theories of race and racism, philosophies of liberation, aesthetics, philosophy of education, and philosophy of religion. He has written particularly extensively on race and racism, postcolonial phenomenology, Africana and black existentialism, and on the works and thought of W. E. B. Du Bois and Frantz Fanon. His most recent book is titled: "What Fanon Said: A Philosophical Introduction To His Life And Thought."
Document 3: Akosua Adoma Owusu: Akosua Adoma Owusu (born January 1, 1984) is a Ghanaian-American avant-garde filmmaker and producer whose films have screened worldwide in prestigious film festivals, museums, galleries, universities and microcinemas since 2005. “Owusu uses various production techniques to visualize a state of "triple consciousness", a term she coined in reference to a central tenet of the sociologist and civil rights activist W. E. B. Du Bois’s landmark text "The Souls of Black Folk" (1903). Du Bois' double consciousness accounts for the experience of black Americans negotiating a sense of selfhood in the face of discrimination and cultural dislocation. As part of the first generation in her family to be born in the United States, Owusu extends Du Bois’s concept to speak to the crisis of heritage and assimilation for African expatriates and their US-born children." Owusu has stated that “instead of ‘Africanizing’ Western stories, I’m interested in reclaiming African history rendering them into what is happening in the present day.”
Document 4: Adam Bradley (literary critic): Adam Bradley (born 1974) is an American literary critic, professor, and a writer on popular culture. He is the author or editor of five books. Bradley has written extensively on hip-hop lyrics as well as on the literature and legacy of the American novelist Ralph Ellison. His commentary has appeared in the New York Times, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, and in numerous other publications. He is an associate professor of English at the University of Colorado, Boulder where he directs the Laboratory for Race & Popular Culture (RAP Lab).
Document 5: Juneteenth (novel): Juneteenth is Ralph Ellison's second novel, published posthumously in 1999 as a 368-page condensation of over 2000 pages written by him over a period of forty years. It was originally written without any real organization, and Ellison's longtime friend, biographer and critic John F. Callahan put the novel together, editing it in the way he thought Ellison would want it to be written.
Document 6: Arnold Rampersad: Arnold Rampersad (born 13 November 1941) is a biographer and literary critic, who was born in Trinidad and Tobago and moved to the US in 1965. The first volume (1986) of his "Life of Langston Hughes" was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize and his "Ralph Ellison: A Biography" was a finalist for the 2007 National Book Award.
Document 7: Three Days Before the Shooting...: Three Days Before the Shooting... is the title of the edited manuscript of Ralph Ellison's never-finished second novel. It was co-edited by John F. Callahan, the executor of Ellison's literary estate, and Adam Bradley, a professor of English at the University of Colorado at Boulder. The book was published January 26, 2010 by Modern Library. An excerpt of Ralph Ellison's unfinished manuscripts was previously published as "Juneteenth".
Document 8: Black orientalism: Black orientalism is an intellectual and cultural movement found primarily within African-American circles. While similar to the general movement of Orientalism in its negative outlook upon Western Asian - especially Arab - culture and religion, it differs in both its emphasis upon the role of the Arab slave trade and the Coolie slave trade in the historic dialogue between sub-Saharan Africa and the Arab - and greater Muslim - world, as well as a lack of colonial promotion over the Middle East region as was promoted by European orientalism in the same region. The term "black orientalism" was first used by Kenyan academic Ali Mazrui in his critique of Henry Louis Gates, Jr.'s documentary "Wonders of the African World". Supporters of this movement include writers such as Chinweizu.
Document 9: African-American self-determination: African-American self-determination refers to efforts to secure self-determination for African-Americans and related peoples in North America. It often intersects with the historic Back-to-Africa movement and general Black separatism, but also manifests in present and historic demands for self-determination on North American soil, ranging from autonomy to independence. Reparations for slavery and other oppressions are often a key demand for advocates of African-American self-determination.
Document 10: Black is beautiful: Black is beautiful is a cultural movement that was started in the United States of America in the 1960s by African Americans. It later spread beyond the United States, most prominently in the writings of the Black Consciousness Movement of Steve Biko in South Africa.
Document 11: Afro-Surrealism: Afro-Surrealism or Afrosurrealism is a literary and cultural aesthetic that is a response to mainstream surrealism in order to reflect the lived experience of people of color. First coined by Amiri Baraka, this movement focuses on the present day experience of African Americans. Much of Afro-Surrealism is based on the manifesto written by D. Scot Miller, in which he says, "Afro-Surrealism sees that all 'others' who create from their actual, lived experience are surrealist..." Afro-Surrealism can be seen in music, photography, film, the visual arts and poetry. Notable practitioners of Afro-Surrealism include Bob Kaufman, Krista Franklin, Kool Keith, Samuel R. Delany, Roman Bearden and Deana Lawson.
Document 12: Ralph Ellison: Ralph Waldo Ellison (March 1, 1913 – April 16, 1994) was an American novelist, literary critic, and scholar. Ellison is best known for his novel "Invisible Man", which won the National Book Award in 1953. He also wrote "Shadow and Act" (1964), a collection of political, social and critical essays, and "Going to the Territory" (1986). For "The New York Times", the best of these essays in addition to the novel put him "among the gods of America's literary Parnassus." A posthumous novel, "Juneteenth", was published after being assembled from voluminous notes he left after his death.
Document 13: James Baldwin: James Arthur "Jimmy" Baldwin (August 2, 1924 – December 1, 1987) was an American writer and social critic. His essays, as collected in "Notes of a Native Son" (1955), explore palpable yet unspoken intricacies of racial, sexual, and class distinctions in Western societies, most notably in mid-20th-century America. Some of Baldwin's essays are book-length, for instance "The Fire Next Time" (1963), "No Name in the Street" (1972), and "The Devil Finds Work" (1976). An unfinished manuscript, "Remember This House", was expanded upon and adapted for cinema as the Academy Award-nominated documentary film "I Am Not Your Negro".
Document 14: Black separatism: Black separatism is a separatist political movement that seeks separate economic and cultural development for those of African descent in societies, particularly in the United States. Black separatism is a subcategory of black nationalism, stemming from the idea of racial solidarity, and implies that blacks should organize themselves on the basis of their common experience of oppression as a result of their blackness, culture, and African heritage. Black separatism in its purest form, as a subcategory of black nationalism, asserts that blacks and whites ideally should form two independent nations. Black separatists also often seek their original cultural homeland. Black separatists generally think that black people are hindered in their advancement in a society dominated by a white majority.
Document 15: John F. Callahan: John F. Callahan is literary executor for Ralph Ellison, and was the editor for his posthumously-released novel "Juneteenth". In addition to his work with Ellison, Callahan has written or edited numerous volumes related to African-American literature, with a particular emphasis on 20th century literature.
ground_truth: "Invisible Man"