Question: Racism without Racists was published by the house founded in what year?

full_context: Document 1: Charleston Syllabus: These texts provide information about racial violence in the United States and provide background on the history of race relations in South Carolina in particular and the United States in general. They also offer education on race, racial identities, global white supremacy and black resistance. Several of the suggested readings shed light on race and racism on a global scale. On June 23, 2015, NPR's Renee Montagne reported on Morning Edition that "academics, librarians and history students have been rallying around the hashtag Charleston Syllabus, suggesting readings that might help inform the public of some of the city's history."
Document 2: Berkshire Publishing Group: Berkshire Publishing Group LLC was founded in 2000 by editor and author Karen Christensen and anthropologist David Levinson as an academic reference book producer, developing encyclopedias for Scribners, Routledge, Sage, Macmillan, H.W. Wilson, and ABC-CLIO. The company became an independent imprint in 2005, with the launch of Berkshire Encyclopedia of World History, edited by William H. McNeill, Jerry H. Bentley, David Christian, et al. In 2009, it began publishing individual course titles as well as major encyclopedias. The company is owned by Karen Christensen and operates internationally from Great Barrington, Massachusetts.
Document 3: Waking Up White: Waking Up White: And Finding Myself in the Story of Race is a 2016 non-fiction book written by Debby Irving.
Document 4: Villard (imprint): Villard, also known as Villard Books, is a publishing imprint of Random House, one of the largest publishing companies in the world. It was founded in 1983. Villard began as an independent imprint of Random House and is currently a sub-imprint of Ballantine Books, itself an imprint of Random House. It was named after a Stanford White brownstone mansion on Madison Avenue that was the home of Random House for twenty years.
Document 5: University press: A university press is an academic publishing house specializing in academic monographs and scholarly journals. Most are nonprofit and an integral component of a large research university. They publish work that has been reviewed by scholars in the field. They produce mainly scholarly works, but also often have "popular" titles, such as books on religion or on regional topics. Because scholarly books are mostly unprofitable, university presses may also publish textbooks and reference works, which tend to have larger audiences and sell more copies. Most university presses operate at a loss and are subsidized by their owners; others are required to break even. Demand has fallen as library budgets are cut and the online sales of used books undercut the new book market. Many presses are experimenting with electronic publishing.
Document 6: Born in Blood and Fire: Born in Blood and Fire: A Concise History of Latin America is a book by John Charles Chasteen, professor of history at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chasteen covers the history of Latin America from 1492 to the present with an integrative approach that follows a chronological framework. The book is divided into chapters that address themes that were common throughout Latin America, such as colonialism, independence, progress, neocolonialism, nationalism, and revolution. Other themes that frequently come up in the book include issues of race, ethnicity, and class as well as the formation of republics. A timeline is provided at the beginning of the book; and various maps, photographs, and images are used throughout the book. "Born in Blood and Fire" was originally published by W. W. Norton and Company in 2001. Three other editions have been published since, the most recent in 2016. Later editions include updates and expansion of colonialism, nationalism, the Cuban Revolution, and current political and economic issues. W. W. Norton and Company published Chasteen’s companion reader entitled "Born in Blood and Fire: Latin American Voices" in 2011. This book includes narratives from a variety of sources that illustrate life in Latin America during the last six centuries. Many of these excerpts from books, essays, and newspaper articles were translated by Chasteen. Other books by the author include "Americanos: Latin America’s Struggle for Independence", "Heroes on Horseback: A Life and Times of the Last Gaucho Caudillos", and "National Rhythms, African Roots: The Deep History of Latin American Popular Dance". Chasteen is also known for his translation of Tulio Halperin Donghi’s "The Contemporary History of Latin America".
Document 7: The Racial Contract: The Racial Contract is a book by professor Charles W. Mills in which Mills puts forth his political philosophy regarding the role of race in the formation of the social contract. Mills argues that racism is at the core of the “social contract”, rather than racism being an unintended result attributed to the failings of imperfect men. Specifically, the Racial Contract is a tacit and at times explicit agreement among members of the tribes of Europe to assert, promote, and maintain the ideal of white supremacy as against all other tribes of the world. This intention is deliberate and an integral characteristic of the social contract, a characteristic which persists to the present day. In Mills’ words, “…what has usually been taken...as the racist ‘exception’ has really been the rule; what has been taken as the ‘rule’…[racial equality]…has really been the exception.”
Document 8: Gallery Publishing Group: Gallery Publishing Group is a general interest publisher and a division of Simon & Schuster that was formed in October to 2012 to house a number of imprints including Gallery Books, Pocket Books and Threshold Editions. The main imprint is Gallery Books.
Document 9: Race Matters: Race Matters is a social sciences book by Cornel West. The book was first published on April 1, 1993 by Beacon Press. The book analyzes moral authority and racial debates concerning skin color in the United States. The book questions matters of economics and politics, as well as ethical issues and spirituality, and also addresses the crisis in black leadership. West's collection of moral essays on race relations in America was on the "New York Times" best-seller lists for many weeks. The profound book continues to be as important today as it was 25 years ago. Beacon Press will publish a 25th Anniversary edition on December 5, 2017.
Document 10: Racism without Racists: Racism without Racists (full title: Racism without Racists: Color-Blind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in the United States) is a book about color-blind racism in the United States by Eduardo Bonilla-Silva, a sociology professor at Duke University. It was originally published by Rowman & Littlefield in 2003, and has since been re-published four times, most recently in June 2017. The fourth edition was published soon after Barack Obama's election, and includes a new chapter on what Bonilla-Silva calls "the new racism". It received the 2004 Choice Award. It was reviewed favorably in "Science & Society", "Urban Education", and "Educational Studies".
Document 11: Lehigh University Press: Lehigh University Press is the publishing house of Lehigh University. Lehigh's university press was a member of the Associated University Presses consortium; other members included Bucknell University Press, University of Delaware Press, Susquehanna University Press and Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. When Associated University Presses ceased most new publishing in 2010, a new distribution agreement between Lehigh University Press, Bucknell University Press, University of Delaware Press, and Fairleigh Dickinson University Press was struck with Rowman & Littlefield.
Document 12: White Rage: White Rage: The Unspoken Truth of Our Racial Divide is a 2016 non-fiction book written by Emory University professor Carol Anderson. It looks into how whiteness functions in American life and how the legacy of structural racism has brought about white anger and resentment. Anderson was contracted to write the book following reaction to an op-ed she wrote for "The Washington Post" in 2014.
Document 13: Rowman &amp; Littlefield: Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group is an independent publishing house founded in 1949. Under several imprints, the company offers scholarly books and journals for the academic market, as well as trade books. Rowman & Littlefield is the world's largest publisher in museum studies.
Document 14: Multi-Man Publishing: Multi-Man Publishing, LLC ("MMP"), founded in 1994, is a Maryland based game company that publishes many wargame titles, including "Advanced Squad Leader" and Operational Combat Series.
Document 15: Bertelsmann: Bertelsmann is a German multinational corporation based in Gütersloh, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is one of the world's largest mass media companies and also active in the service sector and education. Bertelsmann was founded as a publishing house by Carl Bertelsmann in 1835. After World War II, Bertelsmann, under the leadership of Reinhard Mohn, went from being a medium-sized enterprise to a major conglomerate, offering not only books but also television, radio, magazines and business services. Bertelsmann is an unlisted and capital market-oriented company, which remains primarily controlled by the Mohn family. Since 2016, major divisions of Bertelsmann are RTL Group, Penguin Random House, Gruner + Jahr, BMG, Arvato, Bertelsmann Printing Group, Bertelsmann Education Group and Bertelsmann Investments.
ground_truth: 1949