Question: Mahatma Gandhi led India to independence through nonviolent civil disobedience which was sometimes referred to as what?

full_context: Document 1: Civil disobedience: Civil disobedience is the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power. Civil disobedience is sometimes defined as having to be nonviolent to be called civil disobedience. Civil disobedience is sometimes, therefore, equated with nonviolent resistance.
Document 2: Mahatma Gandhi: Mahātmā Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( ; ] ; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule. Employing nonviolent civil disobedience, Gandhi led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit: "high-souled", "venerable")—applied to him first in 1914 in South Africa—is now used worldwide. In India, he is also called Bapu ji (Gujarati: endearment for "father", "papa") and Gandhi ji. He is unofficially called the "Father of the Nation"
Document 3: Salt March: The Salt March, also known as the Dandi March and the Dandi Satyagraha, was an act of nonviolent civil disobedience in colonial India initiated by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi to produce salt from the seawater in the coastal village of Dandi, as was the practice of the local populace until British officials introduced taxation on salt production, deemed their sea-salt reclamation activities illegal, and then repeatedly used force to stop it. The 24-day march began from 12 March 1930 and continued until 6 April 1930 as a direct action campaign of tax resistance and nonviolent protest against the British salt monopoly, and it gained worldwide attention which gave impetus to the Indian independence movement and started the nationwide non co-operation movement.
Document 4: Martin Luther King Jr.: Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr., January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using the tactics of nonviolence and civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs and inspired by the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi.
Document 5: Christian Peacemaker Teams: Christian Peacemaker Teams (CPT) is an international organization set up to support teams of peace workers in conflict areas around the world. These teams believe that they can lower the levels of violence through nonviolent direct action, human rights documentation, and nonviolence training. CPT sums their work up as "...committed to reducing violence by "getting in the way" ". CPT has a full-time corps of over 30 activists who currently work in Colombia, Iraq, the West Bank, Chiapas, Mexico, and Kenora, Ontario, Canada. These teams are supported by over 150 reservists who spend two weeks to two months a year on a location.
Document 6: Direct action: Direct action occurs when a group takes an action which is intended to reveal an existing problem, highlight an alternative, or demonstrate a possible solution to a social issue. This can include nonviolent and less often violent activities which target persons, groups, or property deemed offensive to the direct action participants. Examples of nonviolent direct action (also known as nonviolence, nonviolent resistance, or civil resistance) can include sit-ins, strikes, workplace occupations, blockades, or hacktivism, while violent direct action may include political violence or assaults. Tactics such as sabotage and property destruction are sometimes considered violent. By contrast, electoral politics, diplomacy, negotiation, and arbitration are not usually described as direct action, as they are politically mediated. Non-violent actions are sometimes a form of civil disobedience, and may involve a degree of intentional law-breaking where persons place themselves in arrestable situations in order to make a political statement but other actions (such as strikes) may not violate criminal law.
Document 7: List of artistic depictions of Mahatma Gandhi: Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. He was the pioneer of "Satyagraha" — the resistance of alleged tyranny through mass civil disobedience, firmly founded upon "ahimsa" or total nonviolence — which inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. Gandhi is commonly known in India and across the world with the honorific "Mahatma Gandhi" (Sanskrit: महात्मा "mahātmā" — "Great Soul") and as "Bapu" (Gujarati: બાપુ "bāpu" — "Father"). In India, he is recognised as the Father of the Nation by the political class and 2 October, his birthday, is commemorated each year on Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday and dry day.
Document 8: Gandhi Memorial International Foundation: Gandhi Memorial International Foundation, also known as the Mahatma Gandhi International Foundation, was a controversial non-profit organization run by Yogesh K. Gandhi, born Yogesh Kathari, who claims to be related to Mahatma Gandhi. However, an immediate descendant of Mahatma Gandhi, publicly stated that Yogesh K. Gandhi was a "scam artist", and "interested primarily in enriching himself." Yogesh Gandhi described the organization as dedicated to "social betterment through nonviolence." The organization gave out the "Mahatma Gandhi Humanitarian Award".
Document 9: Constructive Program: Constructive Program (CP) is a term coined by Mahatma Gandhi to describe one of the two branches of his satyagraha, the other being some form on nonviolent resistance, e.g. civil disobedience, sometimes referred to as "obstructive program". CP is a way of carrying out a struggle through community and self-improvement by building structures, systems, processes, and resources that are alternatives to oppression and promote self-sufficiency and unity in the resisting community.
Document 10: Revolutionary movement for Indian independence: The "Revolutionary movement for Indian independence"' is a part of the Indian independence movement comprising the actions of the underground revolutionary factions. Groups believing in armed revolution against the ruling British fall into this category, as opposed to the generally peaceful civil disobedience movement spearheaded by Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The revolutionary groups were mainly concentrated in Bengal, Maharashtra, Bihar, the United Provinces and Punjab. More groups were scattered across India.
Document 11: Congress Radio: Congress Radio was a clandestine and underground radio station, which operated for about three months during the Quit India Movement of 1942, a movement launched by Gandhi against the British Raj for independence of India. Congress Radio was the broadcasting mouthpiece of the Indian National Congress, and functioned from different locations from Bombay, currently known as Mumbai. It was organized by Usha Mehta (1920–2000), a veteran freedom fighter of India with the help of ham radio operators. Her other associates for organizing the Congress Radio included Vithalbhai Jhaveri, Chandrakant Jhaveri, and Babubhai Thakkar. The technicians and the equipment were supplied by Nanak Motawani of "Chicago Radio", Mumbai. Eminent personalities like Ram Manohar Lohia, Achyutrao Patwardhan, and Purushottam Trikamdas were also associated with the Congress Radio.
Document 12: Mahatma Gandhi National Foundation: Mahatma Gandhi National Foundation, Kerala, founded in December 2000, is aims at propagating the ideals and perpetuating the memory of Mahatma Gandhi, father of nation. Mahatma Gandhi National Foundation (MGNF) is a mission of collective action to provide better future to the most vulnerable sections of Kerala Society - women, children, disabled persons the aged and other disadvantaged groups - by providing educational training, protecting their health and environment, improving their living condition and strengthening their family and community.
Document 13: Thirumurugan Gandhi: Thirumurugan Gandhi is a Tamil Nadu-based Tamil Social Reformer who founded the May 17 Movement for the cause of Eelam Tamil society's struggle for their Separate Tamil Eelam, primarily those affected by the last stages of the Civil War.Thirumurugan Gandhi is also a supporter of Anti-Nuke protesters and championed the Kudankulam Anti-Nuke protests. His Movement is named "May 17" remembering the day in 2009, which Tamil civilians were killed in Sri Lanka. in the final stages of war waged by the Sri Lankan government against the Tamil Tigers in the middle of May 2009. in the final stages of war waged by the Sri Lankan government against the Tamil Tigers in the middle of May 2009. On 29 May 2017 Gandhi along with four others were arrested under Goondas act by Tamil Nadu police when they attempted to light candles in remembrance of Tamils who were killed in the conflict between the Sri Lankan government and the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Director Ameer Sultan , who also participated in this event, supposed that the arrest of Thirumurugan Gandhi was politically motivated. Director Vetrimaaran sees it as an attack on Freedom of expression.
Document 14: Martin Luther King Jr.: Martin Luther King Jr. (born Michael King Jr., January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using the tactics of nonviolence and civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs and inspired by the nonviolent activism of Mahatma Gandhi.
Document 15: Occupation (protest): As an act of protest, occupation is a strategy often used by social movements and other forms of collective social action in order to take and hold public and symbolic spaces, buildings, critical infrastructure such as entrances to train stations, shopping centers, university buildings, squares, and parks. Opposed to a military occupation which attempts to subdue a conquered country, a protest occupation is a means to resist the status quo and advocate a change in public policy. Occupation attempts to use space as an instrument in order to achieve political and economic change, and to construct counter-spaces in which protesters express their desire to participate in the production and re-imagination of urban space. Often, this is connected to the right to the city, which is the right to inhabit and be in the city as well as to redefine the city in ways that challenge the demands of capitalist accumulation. That is to make public spaces more valuable to the citizens in contrast to favoring the interests of corporate and financial capital.
ground_truth: obstructive program