Question: Who was the Scottish mathematician, physicist and astronomer who is credited for introducing "natural" logarithmic function?

full_context: Document 1: Napierian logarithm: The term Napierian logarithm or Naperian logarithm, named after John Napier, is often used to mean the natural logarithm. Napier did not introduce this "natural" logarithmic function, although it is named after him. However, if it is taken to mean the "logarithms" as originally produced by Napier, it is a function given by (in terms of the modern logarithm):
Document 2: Logarithmically convex function: In mathematics, a function "f" defined on a convex subset of a real vector space and taking positive values is said to be logarithmically convex or superconvex if formula_1, the composition of the logarithmic function with "f", is a convex function. In effect the logarithm drastically slows down the growth of the original function formula_2, so if the composition still retains the convexity property, this must mean that the original function formula_2 was 'really convex' to begin with, hence the term superconvex.
Document 3: Common logarithm: In mathematics, the common logarithm is the logarithm with base 10. It is also known as the decadic logarithm and also as the decimal logarithm, named after its base, or Briggsian logarithm, after Henry Briggs, an English mathematician who pioneered its use, as well as "standard logarithm". Historically, it was known as "logarithmus decimalis" or "logarithmus decadis". It is indicated by log("x"), or sometimes Log("x") with a capital "L" (however, this notation is ambiguous since it can also mean the complex natural logarithmic multi-valued function). On calculators it is usually "log", but mathematicians usually mean natural logarithm (logarithm with base e ≈ 2.71828) rather than common logarithm when they write "log". To mitigate this ambiguity the ISO 80000 specification recommends that log("x") should be written lg ("x") and log("x") should be ln ("x").
Document 4: John Napier (disambiguation): John Napier (1550–1617) was a Scottish mathematician, physicist and astronomer.
Document 5: John von Neumann: John von Neumann ( ; Hungarian: "Neumann János Lajos" , ] ; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American mathematician, physicist, and computer scientist. He made major contributions to a number of fields, including mathematics (foundations of mathematics, functional analysis, ergodic theory, representation theory, operator algebras, geometry, topology, and numerical analysis), physics (quantum mechanics, hydrodynamics, and quantum statistical mechanics), economics (game theory), computing (Von Neumann architecture, linear programming, self-replicating machines, stochastic computing), and statistics.
Document 6: Logarithmic norm: In mathematics, the logarithmic norm is a real-valued functional on operators, and is derived from either an inner product, a vector norm, or its induced operator norm. The logarithmic norm was independently introduced by Germund Dahlquist and Sergei Lozinskiĭ in 1958, for square matrices. It has since been extended to nonlinear operators and unbounded operators as well. The logarithmic norm has a wide range of applications, in particular in matrix theory, differential equations and numerical analysis. In the finite dimensional setting it is also referred to as the matrix measure or the Lozinskiĭ measure.
Document 7: James Hume (mathematician): James Hume (fl. 1639) was a Scottish mathematician. He is given credit for introducing the modern exponential notation, along with René Descartes.
Document 8: John Napier: John Napier of Merchiston ( ; 1 February, 1550 – 4 April 1617); also signed as Neper, Nepair; nicknamed Marvellous Merchiston) was a Scottish landowner known as a mathematician, physicist, and astronomer. He was the 8th Laird of Merchiston. His Latinized name was Ioannes Neper.
Document 9: Jacob Bernoulli: Jacob Bernoulli (also known as James or Jacques; 6 January 1655 [O.S. 27 December 1654] – 16 August 1705) was one of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. He was an early proponent of Leibnizian calculus and had sided with Leibniz during the Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy. He is known for his numerous contributions to calculus, and along with his brother Johann, was one of the founders of the calculus of variations. He also discovered the fundamental mathematical constant e. However, his most important contribution was in the field of probability, where he derived the first version of the law of large numbers in his work "Ars Conjectandi".
Document 10: Newton's identities: In mathematics, Newton's identities, also known as the Newton–Girard formulae, give relations between two types of symmetric polynomials, namely between power sums and elementary symmetric polynomials. Evaluated at the roots of a monic polynomial "P" in one variable, they allow expressing the sums of the "k"-th powers of all roots of "P" (counted with their multiplicity) in terms of the coefficients of "P", without actually finding those roots. These identities were found by Isaac Newton around 1666, apparently in ignorance of earlier work (1629) by Albert Girard. They have applications in many areas of mathematics, including Galois theory, invariant theory, group theory, combinatorics, as well as further applications outside mathematics, including general relativity.
Document 11: Logarithmic units: A logarithmic unit is an abstract mathematical unit that can be used to express any quantity (physical or mathematical) that is defined on a logarithmic scale, that is, as being proportional to the value of a logarithm function. Here, a given logarithmic unit will be denoted using the notation [log "n"], where "n" is a positive real number, and [log ] here denotes the indefinite logarithm function formula_1.
Document 12: Nappturality: This term refers to hair and is a combination of the terms nappy and natural. Patricia Gaines, using the web identity "Deecoily" first coined the word nappturality in 2002 and created a website of the same name that year. The term has been used primarily by African American women who have chosen to exclusively wear their hair in its natural, afro-textured state, free from chemicals intended to straighten the hair. The term nappturality takes the word "nappy", which is typically used in a derogatory manner, and translates it into a word of empowerment. Several commercial hair products and websites have capitalized on the success of the term nappturality. The website of the same name, nappturality.com is the largest online community dedicated to natural African American hair care and aims to "empower Black women by helping them understand and recognize the beauty of their natural hair in its natural state". Examples of a napptural hairstyles include afros, braids, twists, puffs, wash and gos, bantu knots and many others.
Document 13: Christiaan Huygens: Christiaan Huygens, FRS ( or ; ] ) (Latin: "Hugenius" ) (14 April 1629 – 8 July 1695) was a prominent Dutch mathematician and scientist. He is known particularly as an astronomer, physicist, probabilist and horologist.
Document 14: Logarithm: In mathematics, the logarithm is the inverse operation to exponentiation, just as division is the inverse of multiplication and vice versa. That means the logarithm of a number is the exponent to which another fixed number, the "base", must be raised to produce that number. In simple cases the logarithm counts factors in multiplication. For example, the base 10 logarithm of 1000 is 3 , as 10 to the power 3 is 1000 ( ); 10 is used as a factor three times. More generally, exponentiation allows any positive real number to be raised to any real power, always producing a positive result, so the logarithm can be calculated for any two positive real numbers "b" and "x" where "b" is not equal to 1 . The logarithm of "x" to "base" "b" , denoted log("x") (or log"x" when no confusion is possible), is the unique real number "y" such that "b" = "x" . For example, log64 = 6 , as 64 = 2 .
Document 15: James Gregory (mathematician): James Gregory FRS (November 1638 – October 1675) was a Scottish mathematician and astronomer. His surname is sometimes spelt as Gregorie, the original Scottish spelling. He described an early practical design for the reflecting telescope – the Gregorian telescope – and made advances in trigonometry, discovering infinite series representations for several trigonometric functions.
ground_truth: John Napier