Question: J. William Lloyd based his anarchism upon natural law, unlike which proponent of American individualist anarchism?

full_context: Document 1: William J. White (journalist): William Jefferson White (December 25, 1831 – April 17, 1913) was a civil rights leader, minister, educator, and journalist in Augusta, Georgia. He was the founder of Harmony Baptist Church in Augusta in 1869 as well as other churches. He also was a co-founder of the Augusta Institute in 1867, which would become Morehouse College. He also helped found Atlanta University and was a trustee of both schools. He was a founder in 1880 and the managing editor of the "Georgia Baptist", a leading African American newspaper for many years. He was an outspoken civil rights leader.
Document 2: The Freeman: The Freeman (formerly published as The Freeman: Ideas on Liberty or Ideas on Liberty) is a defunct American libertarian magazine, formerly published by the Foundation for Economic Education (FEE). It was founded in 1950 by John Chamberlain, Henry Hazlitt, and Suzanne La Follette. The magazine was purchased by an FEE-owned company in 1954, and FEE took over direct control of the magazine in 1956.
Document 3: Norman Lloyd (composer): Norman Lloyd (November 8, 1909 – July 31, 1980) was an American pianist, composer, educator, author and supporter of the arts who scored works for modern dance, documentary film and classical chamber. He exerted tremendous influence as an educator, notably at Juilliard where he transformed the teaching of musical theory; and later as the author of books including the popular "Fundamentals of Sight Singing and Ear Training" (co-authored with Arnold Fish). He continued to influence and champion the arts as creator of the Rockefeller Foundation's arts program and its first director. He was the son of David Lloyd, a steel mill worker and minor league baseball player, and grandson of William Lloyd, a coal miner who immigrated to the United States from Wales in 1845.
Document 4: Murray Rothbard: Murray Newton Rothbard ( ; March 2, 1926 – January 7, 1995) was an American economist, philosopher, political theorist, and historian. He was a heterodox economist of the Austrian School, a historian, and a political theorist whose writings and personal influence played a seminal role in the development of modern libertarianism. Rothbard was the founder and leading theoretician of anarcho-capitalism, a staunch advocate of historical revisionism, and a central figure in the twentieth-century American libertarian movement. He wrote over twenty books on political theory, revisionist history, economics, and other subjects. Rothbard asserted that all services provided by the "monopoly system of the corporate state" could be provided more efficiently by the private sector and wrote that the state is "the organization of robbery systematized and writ large." He called fractional-reserve banking a form of fraud and opposed central banking. He categorically opposed all military, political, and economic interventionism in the affairs of other nations. According to his protégé Hans-Hermann Hoppe, "There would be no anarcho-capitalist movement to speak of without Rothbard."
Document 5: Steven T. Byington: Steven Tracy Byington (birthname Stephen) (December 10, 1869 – October 12, 1957) was a noted intellectual, translator, and American individualist anarchist. He was born in Westford, Vermont, and later moved to Ballardvale section of Andover, Massachusetts. A one-time proponent of Georgism, he converted to individualist anarchism after associating with Benjamin Tucker. He was a firm believer in the promotion of individualist anarchism through education. He said "Anarchism has undertaken to change men's minds in one point by removing their faith in force" ("Quasi-Invasion and the Boycott" in "Liberty, X, 2"). He began a "Letter Writing Corps" in 1894 which targeted specific individuals, including newspapers, to familiarize others with the philosophical doctrine. He is known for translating two important anarchist works into English from German: Max Stirner's "The Ego and Its Own" and Paul Eltzbacher's "Anarchism; exponents of the anarchist philosophy" (also published by Dover with the title "The Great Anarchists: Ideas and Teachings of Seven Major Thinkers").
Document 6: Francis Ernest Lloyd: Francis Ernest Lloyd (October 4, 1868 – October 10, 1947) was an American botanist, born in Manchester, England, and educated at Princeton University (A.B., 1891; A.M., 1895), in New Jersey, and in Europe at Munich and Bonn, in Germany. He was employed at various institutions of higher learning from 1891 onward. He served on the faculties of Williams College, Pacific University, Teachers College (Columbia University), Harvard Summer School, Alabama Polytechnic Institute (professor of botany, 1906-1912), and at McGill University, in Montreal, Canada after 1912. Professor Lloyd had worked as an investigator in the Desert Botanical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution in 1906 and as cytologist of the Arizona Experiment Station in 1907. He edited "The Plant World" from 1905 to 1908, and was co-author of "The Teaching of Biology in the Secondary Schools" (1904; second edition, 1914). Professor Lloyd wrote:
Document 7: Josiah Warren: Josiah Warren ( ; 1798 – April 14, 1874) was an individualist anarchist, inventor, musician, and author in the United States. He is regarded by some as the first American anarchist, (though he never used the term himself) and the four-page weekly paper he edited during 1833, "The Peaceful Revolutionist", the first anarchist periodical published, an enterprise for which he built his own printing press, cast his own type, and made his own printing plates.
Document 8: Benjamin Tucker: Benjamin Ricketson Tucker ( ; April 17, 1854 – June 22, 1939) was a proponent, in the 19th century, of American individualist anarchism, which he called "unterrified Jeffersonianism," and editor and publisher of the individualist anarchist periodical "Liberty".
Document 9: Individualist anarchism: Individualist anarchism refers to several traditions of thought within the anarchist movement that emphasize the individual and their will over external determinants such as groups, society, traditions, and ideological systems. Individualist anarchism is not a single philosophy but refers to a group of individualistic philosophies that sometimes are in conflict. Benjamin R. Tucker, a famous 19th-century individualist anarchist, held that "if the individual has the right to govern himself, all external government is tyranny."
Document 10: William Luther Pierce: William Luther Pierce III (September 11, 1933 – July 23, 2002) was an American white supremacist, author, and political activist. He was one of the most influential ideologues of the white nationalist movement for some 30 years before his death. A physicist by profession, he was also an author under the pseudonym Andrew Macdonald of the novels "The Turner Diaries" and "Hunter". Pierce founded the National Alliance, a major white nationalist organization, which he led for almost thirty years.
Document 11: Individualist anarchism in Europe: Individualist anarchism refers to several traditions of thought within the anarchist movement that emphasize the individual and his or her will over external determinants such as groups, society, traditions, and ideological systems. European individualist anarchism proceeded from the roots laid by William Godwin, Individualist anarchism expanded and diversified through Europe, incorporating influences from American individualist anarchism.
Document 12: William Manning (author): William Manning (1747–1814) was a New England farmer, foot soldier and author. After fighting in the American Revolutionary War, he began to believe that his service and labor meant little to those in charge. He soon became a member of the Jeffersonian Republican Party (otherwise known as the Democratic-Republican Party) in response to the day’s ruling Federalist Party. As the years passed and his distrust in government grew, he wrote multiple papers on what he deemed was the corruptness of the “Few” and what the “Many” endured because of it. In 1798, Manning wrote his most famous work, "The Key of Libberty" (later corrected to "The Key of Liberty"), in which he wrote that the goal of the Few was to distress and force the Many into financially depending on them, creating a continued cycle of dependence. He continued that the Many’s only hope was to vote for leaders that would fight for those with lesser power and urge for smaller government. His work, however, would not be published for more than a century, mostly due to its controversial content.
Document 13: J. William Lloyd: J. William Lloyd (never using his given name John) (June 4, 1857 – October 23, 1940) was an American individualist anarchist from 1884 to around 1904. He was born in Westfield, New Jersey; he later moved to Kansas, then Iowa, then to experimental colonies in Tennessee and Florida, before returning to New Jersey in 1888. He based his anarchism upon natural law, rather than on egoism as Benjamin Tucker did. His first book, "Wind-Harp Songs" (poetry), was published in 1895 ("Anarchists' March," a printed musical score with words by Lloyd, had been issued by Tucker in 1888). He founded an anarchist group, The Comradeship of Free Socialists, in 1897. His work, "The Red Heart in a White World: A Suggestive Manual of Free Society; Containing a Method and a Hope," formed the basis for it. Lloyd later modified his position to minarchism.
Document 14: No Treason: No Treason is a composition of three essays, all written in 1867: No.I, No.II: "The Constitution", and No. VI: "The Constitution of no Authority". Any essays between No. 2 and No.6 were never published under the authorship of Lysander Spooner. Lawyer by training, strong abolitionist, radical thinker, and anarchist, Spooner wrote these specific pamphlets in order to express his discontent with the state and its driving power, the U.S. Constitution. He strongly believed in the idea of natural law, which he also described as "the science of justice," which he defined as "the science of all human rights; of all man's rights of person and property; of all his rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness". Natural law, as Spooner saw it, was to be part of everyone's life, which includes the rights given at birth: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. The United States government also saw natural law to be a good basis for the creation of the Constitution. The preamble itself states the liberties that all American citizens have under the protection of the United States government. Spooner believed that "if there be such a principle as justice, or natural law, it is the principle, or law, that tells us what rights were given to every human being at his birth". This meant that the rights listed under the Constitution were granted to "the people" who Spooner thought to be everyone that was born in the United States regardless of color or gender.
Document 15: Stephen Pearl Andrews: Stephen Pearl Andrews (March 22, 1812 – May 21, 1886) was an American individualist anarchist, linguist, political philosopher, outspoken abolitionist, and author of several books on the labor movement and Individualist anarchism.
ground_truth: Benjamin Ricketson Tucker