Question:  Nomad: From Islam to America: A Personal Journey Through the Clash of Civilizations was written by an author who is a former what?

full_context: Document 1: Qasim Rashid: Qasim Rashid (born July 21, 1982) is a human rights activist and advocate of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community in America. He is an attorney and graduate of the Richmond School of Law He served as Executive Editor of The Richmond Journal of Global Law and Business. He has authored two books, "The Wrong Kind of Muslim" and "Extremist: A Response to Geert Wilders & Terrorists Everywhere", and has co-authored and co-edited two books, "Towards a Greater Jihad" and "By the Dawn's Early Light". He has been featured in local and national news media including NBC and NPR. He is a
Document 2: Islam: A Short History: Islam: A Short History is a 2000 book by the British writer Karen Armstrong, a former Roman Catholic nun and author of popular books about the history of religion. Armstrong condemns the West for being prejudiced about Islam since the Crusades, yet writing about present-day Muslims. Armstrong says that when they look at Western society, "they see no light, no heart, no spirituality." She writes in preface, on Muslims:
Document 3: Simon Cottee: Simon Cottee is an academic who works as a senior lecturer in criminology at the University of Kent, and is a regular contributor to "The Atlantic". Cottee previously worked at Bangor University and the University of the West Indies' Trinidad campus. He is the author of "The Apostates: When Muslims Leave Islam" (Hurst Publishers, 2015), which the publishers claim is "the first major study of apostasy from Islam in the Western secular context". In a review published in "New Humanist", Alom Shaha wrote that the book "brings sensitivity and empathy to an intensely polarised debate". Nick Cohen, writing in "The Spectator", argues that Cottee "shows how elements in the left and academia are happy to denounce Muslims who exercise their freedom to abandon their religion as 'native informers' who have gone over to the side of western imperialism". Cottee is also editor, with Thomas Cushman, of "Christopher Hitchens and His Critics: Terror, Iraq, and the Left" (New York University Press, 2008). Cottee's published research also includes journal articles on topics including the murder of Theo van Gogh and the motivations of terrorists. He has argued that gang culture offers a way of understanding the appeal of ISIS . Cottee also argues that the group's propaganda videos have a "pornographic quality".
Document 4: Nomad: From Islam to America: Nomad: From Islam to America: A Personal Journey Through the Clash of Civilizations (first published May 18, 2010) is a memoir by Ayaan Hirsi Ali, a sequel to her "New York Times" bestseller "Infidel". Released in the United States by Free Press, it deals in greater depth than the earlier book with certain aspects of the author's childhood in Somalia, Kenya and Saudi Arabia, and in particular with her family, as well as with her exile from the Netherlands and her present home with the American Enterprise Institute in the United States. The book is highly critical of Islam and the multiculturalism which the author sees as enabling its extremism, and makes the controversial case that moderate Christian churches should seek actively to convert Muslim believers. The book has been praised by Christopher Hitchens, John Lloyd, and Richard Dawkins.
Document 5: Irshad Manji: Irshad Manji (born 1968) is a Muslim Canadian author, educator, and advocate of a reformist interpretation of Islam. Manji is also a well-known critic of traditional mainstream Islam, described by Clifford Krauss on 4 October 2003 in "The New York Times" as "Osama bin Laden's worst nightmare".
Document 6: Dorchen Leidholdt: Dorchen A. Leidholdt is an activist and leader in the feminist movement against violence against women. Since the mid-1970s, she has counseled and advocated for rape victims, organized against "the media’s promotion of violence against women", served on the legal team for the plaintiff in a precedent-setting sexual harassment case, founded an international nongovernmental organization fighting trafficking in women and children, directed the nation’s largest legal services program for victims of domestic violence, advocated for the enactment and implementation of laws that further the rights of abused women, and represented hundreds of women victimized by intimate partner violence, human trafficking, sexual assault, the threat of honor killing, female genital mutilation, forced and child marriage, and the internet bride trade.
Document 7: Nawal al-Hawsawi: Nawal al-Hawsawi is a Saudi-Arabian pilot, and a female. This is not common, if not almost impossible in Saudi Arabia, making Nawal al-Hawsawi a pioneer and a problem for the monarchy in the country. She also has led the county's women in fights against racism and domestic violence. She has been referred to as the "Rosa Parks of Saudi Arabia", due to her in dominatable spirit and desire to see women move forward in her country. Al-Hawsawi, who originated from Mecca, married a white American male, breaking this common tradition of only marrying within her religion and her race, as well as marrying outside her culture. . She has a commercial pilot's license and is also a mental health counselor and marriage therapist. These are not traditional fields for women in Saudi Arabia, and further the strain that al-Hawasai has felt from her relations with the monarchy in Saudi Arabia. She founded the therapy provider Soundheart.org, which is not allowed to pass through filters on the internet with Saudi Arabia. She has 50,000 followers on Twitter, and actively utilizes social media to strengthen her causes and beliefs. She receives a lot of pejorative commentary on social media, but meets it with grace and strength. The fact she is black and Saudi Arabian, also create issues for her in the western community, but she is not daunted by this. She was verbally abused by a woman in Saudi, where verbal abuse is a crime. She won her case in Saudi Arabia, but she dropped charges against the woman, who is now her friend. She never identified herself as black until time spent in the United States, where she learned to fly and got her license. She is not permitted to fly an aircraft in Saudi Arabia.
Document 8: Mary Ayubi: Mary Ayubi is a female film maker and a journalist in Afghanistan, her home country. Due to her experience with the Taliban and war actions in Afghanistan, she uses media and film to document the violent actions of the Taliban and women’s rights in Afghanistan as it would pertain to violence. Mary now lives in Los Angeles and continues her career as a film maker by continuing research and working on a new documentary.
Document 9: The Rage Against God: The Rage Against God (subtitle in US editions: How Atheism Led Me to Faith) is the fifth book by Peter Hitchens, first published in 2010. The book describes Hitchens's journey from atheism, far-left politics, and bohemianism, to Christianity and conservatism, detailing the influences on him that led to his conversion. The book is partly intended as a response to "God Is Not Great", a book written by his brother Christopher Hitchens in 2007.
Document 10: Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs: The Institute of Muslim Minority Affairs is a London-based scholarly institution furthering the study of Muslims in non-Muslim nations. It holds conferences and publishes books and journals. Pakistani-born Dr. Saleha Mahmood Abedin, the mother of Hillary Clinton aide Huma Abedin, is Director of the Institute. It was founded in 1978 by Dr. Syed Zainul Abedin, from India who was educated at Aligarh Muslim University and University of Pennsylvania. Abdullah Omar Naseef, then president of the Muslim World League and president of King Abdulaziz University, provided backing to Abedin for the institute's formation.
Document 11: Murder in Amsterdam: Murder in Amsterdam: The Death of Theo Van Gogh and the Limits of Tolerance is a 2006 book by Ian Buruma. "The Guardian" describes it as, "part reportage, part essay." It explores the impact of mass immigration from Muslim countries on Dutch culture through the lens of the murder of film director and anti-immigration activist, Theo van Gogh.
Document 12: The Battle for God: The Battle for God: Fundamentalism in Judaism, Christianity and Islam is a book by best-selling author Karen Armstrong published in 2000 by Knopf/HarperCollins which the "New York Times" described as "one of the most penetrating, readable, and prescient accounts to date of the rise of the fundamentalist movements in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam". "The Battle for God" traces the history of the rise of fundamentalism in the three major monotheistic faiths. Armstrong's analysis starts with developments in Judaism and traces it through the creation of fundamentalism in Christianity to adoption of a similar approach to modernity in Islam.
Document 13: Nyla Ali Khan: Dr. Nyla Ali Khan is a Visiting Professor at the University of Oklahoma and former professor at the University of Nebraska-Kearney. She is the author of two books, including "The Fiction of Nationality in an Era of Transnationalism" and "Islam, Women, and Violence in Kashmir: Between Indian and Pakistan," and several articles that focus heavily on the political issues and strife of her homeland, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Despite being the granddaughter of Sheikh Abdullah, Nyla Khan prefers not simply to live in his shadow but to "stand up for myself and be taken seriously ... express my anger without being labeled an 'Islamic militant' ... [and] legitimately question things I don't understand", as she stated in a 2010 interview related to the release of her second book.
Document 14: Amir Hussain: Amir Hussain is a scholar of religion who specializes in the study of Islam. His most recent book is "Muslims and the Making of America", published in 2016 by Baylor University Press. From 2011 to 2015 he was the editor of the "Journal of the American Academy of Religion", which is the flagship journal for the study of religion. He is also on the editorial boards of three other scholarly journals for the study of religion. In 2005, he joined the Department of Theological Studies at Loyola Marymount University, the Jesuit university in Los Angeles. He has done significant publishing work with Oxford University Press, including editing the fourth editions of two of their main textbooks, "World Religions: Western Traditions" and "World Religions: Eastern Traditions", and the third edition of "A Concise Introduction to World Religions". Professor Hussain is also a senior editor for religion for Oxford Handbooks Online. He has written numerous scholarly articles on Islam and Muslims, and is recognized as an authority on Islam in North America. He is a fellow of the Los Angeles Institute for the Humanities.
Document 15: Ayaan Hirsi Ali: Ayaan Hirsi Ali (] , born Ayaan Hirsi Magan, on 13 November 1969) is a Somali-born Dutch-American activist, feminist, author, scholar, and former Dutch politician. She received international attention as a critic of Islam and advocate for the rights and self-determination of Muslim women, actively opposing forced marriage, honor violence, child marriage and female genital mutilation. She has founded an organisation for the defense of women's rights, the AHA Foundation.
ground_truth: Dutch politician