Question: Were Erich Fromm and R. S. Thomas both priests?

full_context: Document 1: Erich Fromm: Erich Seligmann Fromm (] ; March 23, 1900 – March 18, 1980) was a German social psychologist, psychoanalyst, sociologist, humanistic philosopher, and democratic socialist. He was one of Founders of The William Allison White Institute of Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis and Psychology in New York City and was associated with the Frankfurt School of critical theory.
Document 2: Escape from Freedom: Escape from Freedom, sometimes known as The Fear of Freedom outside North America, is a book by the Frankfurt-born psychoanalyst Erich Fromm, first published in the United States by Farrar & Rinehart in 1941. In the book, Fromm explores humanity's shifting relationship with freedom, with particular regard to the personal consequences of its absence. His special emphasis is the psychosocial conditions that facilitated the rise of Nazism.
Document 3: Culturalist psychoanalysts: Some psychoanalysts have been labeled culturalist, or belonging to the cultural school, because of the prominence they gave on culture for the genesis of behavior. The most prominent culturalist psychoanalyst was maybe Erich Fromm, and after him Karen Horney and Harry Stack Sullivan.
Document 4: Max Horkheimer: Max Horkheimer (February 14, 1895 – July 7, 1973) was a German philosopher and sociologist who was famous for his work in critical theory as a member of the 'Frankfurt School' of social research. Horkheimer addressed authoritarianism, militarism, economic disruption, environmental crisis, and the poverty of mass culture using the philosophy of history as a framework. This became the foundation of critical theory. His most important works include "Eclipse of Reason" (1947), "Between Philosophy and Social Science" (1930–1938) and, in collaboration with Theodor Adorno, "Dialectic of Enlightenment" (1947). Through the Frankfurt School, Horkheimer planned, supported and made other significant works possible.
Document 5: R. S. Thomas: Ronald Stuart Thomas (29 March 1913 – 25 September 2000), published as R. S. Thomas, was a Welsh poet and Anglican priest who was noted for his nationalism, spirituality and deep dislike of the anglicisation of Wales. John Betjeman, in his 1955 introduction to "Song at the Year's Turning", the first collection of Thomas's poetry to be produced by a major publisher, predicted that Thomas would be remembered long after he himself was forgotten. M. Wynn Thomas said: "He was the Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn of Wales because he was such a troubler of the Welsh conscience. He was one of the major English language and European poets of the 20th century."
Document 6: Wilhelm Reich: Wilhelm Reich (24 March 1897 – 3 November 1957) was an Austrian psychoanalyst, a member of the second generation of analysts after Sigmund Freud. The author of several influential books, most notably "Character Analysis" (1933), "The Mass Psychology of Fascism" (1933) and "The Sexual Revolution" (1936), Reich became known as one of the most radical figures in the history of psychiatry.
Document 7: Social character: The social character is the central basic concept of the analytic social psychology of Erich Fromm. It describes the formation of the shared character structure of the people of a society or a social class according to their way of life and the socially typical expectations and functional requirements regarding socially adaptive behavior. Social character is essentially adaptive to the dominant mode of production in a society. According to Fromm, the concept integrates Marx's theory concerning how the mode of production determines ideology with Freud's concept of character.
Document 8: Rowan Williams: Rowan Douglas Williams, Baron Williams of Oystermouth, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (born 14 June 1950) is a Welsh Anglican bishop, theologian and poet.
Document 9: Rainer Maria Rilke: René Karl Wilhelm Johann Josef Maria Rilke (4 December 1875 – 29 December 1926)—better known as Rainer Maria Rilke (] )—was a Bohemian-Austrian poet and novelist, "widely recognized as one of the most lyrically intense German-language poets", writing in both verse and highly lyrical prose. Several critics have described Rilke's work as inherently "mystical". His writings include one novel, several collections of poetry, and several volumes of correspondence in which he invokes haunting images that focus on the difficulty of communion with the ineffable in an age of disbelief, solitude, and profound anxiety. These deeply existential themes tend to position him as a transitional figure between the traditional and the modernist writers.
Document 10: T. S. Eliot: Thomas Stearns Eliot, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (26 September 1888 – 4 January 1965) was a British essayist, publisher, playwright, literary and social critic, and "one of the twentieth century's major poets". He moved from his native United States to England in 1914 at the age of 25, settling, working, and marrying there. He eventually became a British subject in 1927 at the age of 39, renouncing his American citizenship.
Document 11: W. H. Auden: Wystan Hugh Auden ( ; 21 February 1907 – 29 September 1973) was an English-American poet. Auden's poetry was noted for its stylistic and technical achievement, its engagement with politics, morals, love, and religion, and its variety in tone, form and content. He is best known for love poems such as "Funeral Blues", poems on political and social themes such as "September 1, 1939" and "The Shield of Achilles", poems on cultural and psychological themes such as "The Age of Anxiety", and poems on religious themes such as "For the Time Being" and "Horae Canonicae."
Document 12: John Betjeman: Sir John Betjeman, CBE ( ; 28 August 190619 May 1984) was an English poet, writer, and broadcaster who described himself in "Who's Who" as a "poet and hack". He was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1972 until his death.
Document 13: The Art of Loving: The Art of Loving is a 1956 book by psychoanalyst and social philosopher Erich Fromm, which was published as part of the "World Perspectives Series" edited by Ruth Nanda Anshen. In this work, Fromm develops his perspective on human nature, from his earlier work, "Escape from Freedom" and "" – principles which he revisits in many of his other major works.
Document 14: Erich-Fromm-Preis: The Erich-Fromm-Preis is a German prize bestowed upon people who have advanced Humanism through their scientific, social, sociopolitical or journalistic engagement. The prize is named after Erich Fromm, a Jewish German-American philosopher, psychoanalyst and psychologist. The price is conferred yearly since 1995, and since 2006, it is endowed with 10'000 €.
Document 15: Thomas Merton: Thomas Merton, O.C.S.O. (January 31, 1915 – December 10, 1968) was an American Catholic writer, theologian and mystic. A Trappist monk of the Abbey of Gethsemani, Kentucky, he was a poet, social activist, and student of comparative religion. In 1949, he was ordained to the priesthood and given the name Father Louis.
ground_truth: no