Question: When was the region where HKGolden50 is headquartered taken by the British?

full_context: Document 1: HKGolden50: HKGolden50 () is a small policy research organisation in Hong Kong. It claims to be 'non-political, non-profit, independent' although its prime mover is former Executive Council-member Franklin Lam. The group publishes research reports on perceived opportunities and bottlenecks in Hong Kong. The research team consists of Lam and nine post-80s members.
Document 2: British Hong Kong: British Hong Kong was the period during which Hong Kong was under British Crown rule from 1842 to 1997 (excluding the Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945). It was established as a Crown colony and later designated a British Dependent Territory in 1981. Hong Kong Island was ceded to the United Kingdom by the Qing dynasty of China after the First Opium War (1839 -- 1842). The Kowloon Peninsula was added to the colony after the Second Opium War (1856 -- 1860). Finally, in 1898, the New Territories were added under a 99 - year lease. Although Hong Kong Island and Kowloon were ceded to Britain in perpetuity, the New Territories -- which comprised over 90 per cent of Hong Kong's land -- had such a vital role in the economy that the British government agreed to transfer sovereignty of the entirety of Hong Kong to China upon the expiration of the lease in 1997. The transfer has been considered by many as marking the end of the British Empire.
Document 3: Ng Fung Hong: Ng Fung Hong was founded in Hong Kong in 1951 as "a modest trading agent in Bonham Strand". Two decades later it became part of mainland giant China Resources, and is now a vertically integrated food enterprise "under the auspices of China's Ministry of [Commerce]".
Document 4: Handover of Hong Kong: The Handover of Hong Kong (or simply ``the Handover ''), also known as`` the Return'' in mainland China, was the transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China in a ceremony on 30 June 1997. The territory of Hong Kong comprised Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula, which were ceded to Britain in 1842 and 1860, respectively, and the New Territories, which was leased for 99 years in 1898. The retrocession of Hong Kong Island and Kowloon was conducted to coincide with the expiration of the New Territories' lease at midnight on 30 June. The landmark event marked the end of British rule in Hong Kong, and is regarded by some as marking the end of the British Empire.
Document 5: Handover of Hong Kong: The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China, referred to as ``the Handover ''or`` the Return'' internationally, took place on 1 July 1997. The landmark event marked the end of British administration in Hong Kong, and is often regarded as marking the end of the British Empire.
Document 6: Friedrich Hayek: Hayek had made contact with many at the U. of Chicago in the 1940s, with Hayek's The Road to Serfdom playing a seminal role in transforming how Milton Friedman and others understood how society works. Hayek conducted a number in influential faculty seminars while at the U. of Chicago, and a number of academics worked on research projects sympathetic to some of Hayek's own, such as Aaron Director, who was active in the Chicago School in helping to fund and establish what became the "Law and Society" program in the University of Chicago Law School. Hayek, Frank Knight, Friedman and George Stigler worked together in forming the Mont Pèlerin Society, an international forum for libertarian economists. Hayek and Friedman cooperated in support of the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists, later renamed the Intercollegiate Studies Institute, an American student organisation devoted to libertarian ideas.
Document 7: Handover of Hong Kong: The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China, referred to as ``the Handover ''internationally or`` the Return'' in China, took place on 1 July 1997. The landmark event marked the end of British administration in Hong Kong, and is often regarded as marking the end of the British Empire.
Document 8: Tan Suee Chieh: Tan Suee Chieh’s directorships include International Cooperative and Mutual Insurance Federation and Allnations Board. Tan Suee Chieh is also the Co-chairman of the Institute of Service Excellence@SMU, Vice Chairman of the Singapore Children’s Society Executive Committee, a member of the Board of Governors of the Asia Pacific Risk and Insurance Association, Advisory Board Member of the Centre for Strategic Leadership at National University of Singapore and Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics at Singapore Management University, and Trustee of the Singapore London School of Economics (LSE) Trust.
Document 9: Dan Goldie: In 2011, Goldie co-authored The Investment Answer, a #1 New York Times bestselling book for individual investors. Goldie is currently President of Dan Goldie Financial Services LLC, an independent financial advisor located in Palo Alto, California. He has been recognized by Barron's as one of the top 100 independent financial advisors in the U.S. He currently resides in Palo Alto, California.
Document 10: British Empire: In September 1982, Prime minister Margaret Thatcher travelled to Beijing to negotiate with the Chinese government on the future of Britain's last major and most populous overseas territory, Hong Kong. Under the terms of the 1842 Treaty of Nanking, Hong Kong Island itself had been ceded to Britain in perpetuity, but the vast majority of the colony was constituted by the New Territories, which had been acquired under a 99-year lease in 1898, due to expire in 1997. Thatcher, seeing parallels with the Falkland Islands, initially wished to hold Hong Kong and proposed British administration with Chinese sovereignty, though this was rejected by China. A deal was reached in 1984—under the terms of the Sino-British Joint Declaration, Hong Kong would become a special administrative region of the People's Republic of China, maintaining its way of life for at least 50 years. The handover ceremony in 1997 marked for many, including Charles, Prince of Wales, who was in attendance, "the end of Empire".
Document 11: Handover of Hong Kong: The transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong, commonly known as the handover of Hong Kong (or simply ``the Handover '', also`` the Return'' in mainland China) was the transition of control over the former British colony of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China on 1 July 1997. The returned territory comprised Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula, which were respectively ceded to Britain in 1842 and 1860, as well as the New Territories, which were leased for 99 years from 1898. The transfer was arranged to coincide with the expiration of this lease on the previous day, 30 June 1997. This event marked the end of British rule in Hong Kong, and is regarded by some as the end of the British Empire.
Document 12: Tanzania: The majority report of the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission, written by the six Democratic appointees, the minority report, written by 3 of the 4 Republican appointees, studies by Federal Reserve economists, and the work of several independent scholars generally contend that government affordable housing policy was not the primary cause of the financial crisis. Although they concede that governmental policies had some role in causing the crisis, they contend that GSE loans performed better than loans securitized by private investment banks, and performed better than some loans originated by institutions that held loans in their own portfolios. Paul Krugman has even claimed that the GSE never purchased subprime loans – a claim that is widely disputed.
Document 13: Asan Institute for Policy Studies: The Asan Institute for Policy Studies (Korean: 아산정책연구원, Hanja: 峨山政策硏究院) is an independent, non-profit think tank based in Seoul, South Korea. The institute was founded by the honorary chairman Chung Mong-joon in 2008. The Institute conducts research in national security and foreign policy, area studies, public opinion, domestic politics, social science methodology, and global governance.
Document 14: British Hong Kong: British Hong Kong was the period during which Hong Kong was under British Crown rule from 1841 to 1997 (excluding the Japanese occupation from 1941 to 1945). It was established as a Crown colony and later designated a British Dependent Territory in 1981. Hong Kong Island was ceded to the United Kingdom by the Qing dynasty of China after the First Opium War (1839 -- 42). The Kowloon Peninsula was added to the colony after the Second Opium War (1856 -- 60). Finally, in 1898, the New Territories were added under a 99 - year lease. Although Hong Kong Island and Kowloon were ceded to Britain in perpetuity, the New Territories -- which comprised over 90 per cent of Hong Kong's land -- had such a vital role in the economy that the British government agreed to transfer sovereignty of the entirety of Hong Kong to China upon the expiration of the lease in 1997. The transfer has been credited by some as marking the end of the British Empire.
Document 15: Mark Gerson: Mark Gerson and fellow Yale Law School graduate Thomas Lehrman founded the Gerson Lehrman Group in 1998. Gerson Lehrman group, otherwise known as GLG, is a peer to peer business learning company. GLG is a knowledge brokerage and primary research firm that operates a membership-based platform of more than 600,000 independent consultants
ground_truth: 1842
sub_queries: HKGolden50 >> headquarters location Answer: Hong Kong
when was Hong Kong taken by the british Answer: 1842