Question: The Iron Gate breaks up the mountains between Samarkand and a province which is 20 kilometers northwest of what provincial capital?

full_context: Document 1: Old Kandahar: Old Kandahar (locally known as Zorr Shaar; Pashto: زوړ ښار‎ , meaning "Old City") is a historical section of the city of Kandahar in southern Afghanistan. It is thought its foundation was laid out by Alexander the Great in 330 BC under the name Alexandria Arachosia. and served as the local seat of power for many rulers in the last 2,000 years. It became part of many empires, including the Mauryans (322 BC–185 BC), Indo-Scythians (200 BC–400 AD), Sassanids, Arabs, Zunbils, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Timurids, Mughals, Safavids, Hotakis and others. It was one of the main cities of Arachosia, a historical region sitting between Greater Iran and the Indus Valley Civilization. The city has been a frequent target for conquest because of its strategic location in Southern Asia, controlling the main trade route linking the Indian subcontinent with the Middle East, Central Asia and the Persian Gulf.
Document 2: Iron Gate (Central Asia): The Iron Gate is a defile between Balkh and Samarkand. It breaks up the mountains which extend from the Hisar range south towards the Amu Darya. In ancient times it was used as the passage between Bactria and Sogdia and was likely of great importance to any power in the region. Its name comes from the belief that an actual gate, reinforced with Iron, stood in the defile. It is located to west from Boysun, Surxondaryo Province.
Document 3: Balkh: Balkh ( ; Persian/Pashto: بلخ‎ "Balkh"; Bactrian: βαχλο, "ẞaxlɔ") is a town in the Balkh Province of Afghanistan, about 20 kilometers northwest of the provincial capital, Mazar-e Sharif, and some 74 km south of the Amu Darya river. It was historically an ancient centre of Buddhism, Islam, and Zoroastrianism and one of the major cities of Khorasan, since the latter's earliest history.
Document 4: Kashmar: Kashmar (Persian: کاشمر‎ ‎ , also Romanized as Kāshmar; formerly ترشیز Torshīz or سلطان‌آباد Soltanabad) is a city in and the capital of Kashmar County, in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. Kashmar is located near the river Sish Taraz in the western part of the province, and 217 km south of the province's capital Mashhad, in Iran, from east to Bardaskan, west to Torbat-e Heydarieh, north to Nishapur, south to Gonabad. Until two centuries ago, this city was named Torshiz (ترشیز ) and was the birthplace of Sheikh Ahmad-e Jami. At the 2006 census, its population was 81,527, in 21,947 families.
Document 5: Iron Gates: The Iron Gates (Romanian: "Porțile de Fier" , Serbian: "Đerdapska klisura" , German: "Eisernes Tor" ) is a gorge on the Danube River. It forms part of the boundary between Serbia and Romania. In the broad sense it encompasses a route of 134 km ; in the narrow sense it only encompasses the last barrier on this route, just beyond the Romanian city of Orșova, that contains two hydroelectric dams, with two power stations, Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station and Iron Gate II Hydroelectric Power Station.
Document 6: Arachosia: Arachosia is the Hellenized name of an ancient satrapy in the eastern part of the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Greco-Bactrian, and Indo-Scythian empires. Arachosia was centred on the Arghandab valley in modern-day southern Afghanistan, although its influence extended east to as far as the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan. The main river of Arachosia was called "Arachōtós", now known as the Arghandab River, a tributary of the Helmand River. The Greek term "Arachosia" corresponds to the Aryan land of "Harauti" which was around modern-day Helmand. The Arachosian capital or metropolis was called Alexandria Arachosia or Alexandropolis and lay in what is today Kandahar in Afghanistan. Arachosia was a part of the region of ancient Ariana.
Document 7: Samarkand: Samarkand (Uzbek: "Samarqand" ; Persian: سمرقند‎ ‎ ; Cyrillic/Russian: "Самарканд" ), alternatively Samarqand or Samarcand, is a city in modern-day Uzbekistan and is one of the oldest inhabited cities in Central Asia. There is evidence of human activity in the area of the city from the late Paleolithic era, though there is no direct evidence of when exactly Samarkand was founded; some theories indicate that it was founded between the 8th and 7th centuries BC. Prospering from its location on the Silk Road between China and the Mediterranean, at times Samarkand was one of the greatest cities of Central Asia.
Document 8: Hindu and Buddhist heritage of Afghanistan: Before the Islamic conquest of Afghanistan communities of various religious and ethnic background lived in the land. South of the Hindu Kush was ruled by the Zunbil and Kabul Shahi rulers. When the Chinese travellers (Faxian, Song Yun, Xuanzang, Wang-hiuon-tso, Huan-Tchao, and Wou-Kong) visited Afghanistan between 399 and 751 AD, they mentioned that Buddhism was practiced in different areas between the Amu Darya (Oxus River) in the north and the Indus River in the south. The land was ruled by the Kushans followed by the Hephthalites during these visits. It is reported that the Hephthalites were fervent followers of medieval Hinduism, and that they worshipped Hindu aspects of God, known as Shiva and Vishnu, as well as Surya.
Document 9: Belen Pass: The Belen Pass (Turkish: "Belen Geçidi" ), also known as the Syrian Gates, is a mountain pass located in the Belen District of Hatay Province in south-central Turkey. The narrow pass through the Nur Mountains (the ancient Amanus Mountains), said to be 300 paces across, is the most important route from the coastal region of Cilicia to inland Syria. It is one of two passes through the Amanus, the other being the Amanian Gate to the north.
Document 10: Wakhan Corridor: The Wakhan Corridor (alternatively Vakhan Corridor, or Wakhan) is the narrow strip of territory in northeastern Afghanistan that extends to China and separates Tajikistan from Pakistan. The corridor, wedged between the Pamir Mountains to the north and the Karakoram range to the south, is about 350 km long and 13 - wide. From this high mountain valley the Panj and Pamir Rivers emerge and form the Amu Darya. A trade route through the valley has been used by travellers going to and from East, South and Central Asia since antiquity. The term "Wakhan Corridor" can also refer to this constituent valley and the historical trade route through it. The closure of the Afghan-Chinese border crossing at the Wakhjir Pass, on the east end of the Wakhan Corridor, has left the valley bereft of trade.
Document 11: Bashagard Mountains: The Bashagard Mountains or the Bashagerd Mountains (also known as Bashagird or Bashakerd) is a mountain range that is located in southeast of Iran. The mountain range runs in an arc almost in a northwest-southeast direction from eastern parts of Hormozgan Province along the border with Kerman Province and stretching into southern part of Sistan and Baluchestan Province. With an elevation of 2185 metres, Mount Buniken (Kuh-e Buniken) is the highest point of the range located in the western section of the Bashagard Mountains, east of Sardasht in Bashagard County in Hormozgan Province, and in the vicinity of a place that marks the borders of Kerman, Hormozgan, and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces. Made of ophiolite, an assemblage of mafic igneous rocks representing remnants of former oceanic crust, the mountain range was formed finally in the Miocene and the Pliocene during the Alpine orogeny. The mountain range is located in a region with a hot semi-desert climate.
Document 12: Ancient Kapisa: Ancient Kapisa refers to the present-day Bagram town of Parwan Province in the Shomali Plain of Afghanistan, which is 60 km north of the capital Kabul. The first references to ancient Kapisa appear in the writings of 5th-century BCE Indian scholar Achariya Pāṇini. Pāṇini refers to the city of "Kapiśi", a city of the Kapisa kingdom. Pāṇini also refers to "Kapiśayana", a famous wine from Kapisa. The city of Kapiśi also appeared as "Kaviśiye" on Indo-Greek coins of Apollodotus/Eucratides, as well as the Nezak Huns.
Document 13: Bakhmull: Bakhmull is an Aboriginal Afghan Hound belonging to an ancient group of oriental sighthounds. The Afghan Royal Family were the only humans who possessed this breed. The bakhmull tazi (tazi means " fast running sighthound" ) is a long haired variety of sighthounds in Afghanistan. There are two more: Luchak tazi short haired like sloughi and Khalagh tazi with moderate long hair on ears, shoulders, elbows and thighs.Bakhmull tazi has developed in the mountain areas of Mid and Central Asia - ancient Punjab, Paunchala, "Five river land". This dog breed roots back presumably in the ancient Indian Harappa( Mohenjo Daro) civilization 2300 - 1700 B.C. If translated from Pashto (Afghan) the word "bakhmull" means "velvet" due to its incredible silky velvet, long, ivory color hair of the coat, rather abundant and long on the whole body, because it is a mountain oriental sighthound, except the "saddle", front parts of four legs and the muzzle. Its color is always fawn, ivory or white with a darker "saddle", thus it produces an impression of a fawn (yellowish) dog which coat color is protective khaki that matches sandstone and limestone of the Hindu Kush mountain landscape and deserts. Following colors are not permissible: red, red with white spots, black and black with white spots. Bakhmulls hunt the wild ram, ibex (wild mountain goat), hare, fox, wolf, jackal, wild big cats, in old times leopard, but never birds. They are also good guards; they guard homes and flocks of sheep. They hunt solo, in couples and rarely in packs. Since the 1980s the centre of Bakhmull breeding is in Russia, "The Blue Dale el Bark Bakhmull" Moscow, where they are spread all over the former Soviet Republics and various regions. The foundation stock was brought to Russia in the 70s by military men from Afghanistan. Breed Standard for tazi BAKHMULL (aboriginal Afghan Hound) was adopted in Moscow, Russia (since Russia has become the 2nd motherland of bakhmulls) first in 1985 and later after detailed elaboration in 1997 (RFOS-RKF).
Document 14: Kattakurgan, Uzbekistan: Kattakurgan (Uzbek: "Kattaqo‘rg‘on / Каттақўрғон / کته قورغان" ; Russian: Каттакурган ), formerly Kohandez, is a town in the Samarqand Region of Uzbekistan. It is located on the road and railway between Bukhara and Samarkand. The name is Turkic and means "large town or kurgan". The town does not appear to be of any great antiquity, although after Alexander the Great's sack of Marakanda (Samarkand) the centre of cultural life in that part of the Zeravshan valley may briefly have shifted west to the region around Katta-Kurgan. According to F.F. Pospelov a fortress was built on the current site by the local saint Sufi Allahyar and his two brothers, Farhat-Atalyk and Allah-Nazar-bii, in 1095 AH/1684 AD, and the town subsequently grew up around it. It was the seat of a "Bek" (local Governor) under the rule of the Bukharan Manghit dynasty. In 1868, following the fall of Samarkand to the Russians and the annexation of the Upper Zeravshan Valley from Bukhara, it became the border town between Russian Turkestan and the Bukharan Emirate, and the centre of a district. In 1924 both entities were dissolved by the Soviet regime, and Katta-Kurgan was incorporated in the new Uzbek SSR.It is currently the second largest city in Samarkand Region. Population of Kattakurgan is of Uzbek nationality, there used to be quite a big Russian minority, which is not the case anymore.
Document 15: Iron Gate Private Wine Management: Iron Gate Private Wine Management is one of the largest Canadian wine storage companies. Iron Gate was founded by Canadian businessman and wine enthusiast Warren F. Porter. Iron Gate operates a 100,000+ bottle subterranean cellar and helps collectors buy and sell wines at various wine auctions houses.
ground_truth: Mazar-e Sharif