Question: Who did the songwriter for 18 by One Direction write Thinking Out Loud for?

full_context: Document 1: The Long and Winding Road: Paul McCartney said he came up with the title ``The Long and Winding Road ''during one of his first visits to his property High Park Farm, near Campbeltown in Scotland, which he purchased in June 1966. The phrase was inspired by the sight of a road`` stretching up into the hills'' in the remote Highlands surroundings of lochs and distant mountains. He wrote the song at his farm in 1968, inspired by the growing tension among the Beatles. Based on other comments McCartney has made, author Howard Sounes writes, the lyrics can be seen as McCartney expressing his anguish at the direction his personal life was taking in the autumn of 1968, after he had separated from his fiancée Jane Asher, as well as a nostalgic look back at the Beatles' history. McCartney recalled: ``I just sat down at my piano in Scotland, started playing and came up with that song, imagining it was going to be done by someone like Ray Charles. I have always found inspiration in the calm beauty of Scotland and again it proved the place where I found inspiration. ''
Document 2: Gorgeous (Taylor Swift song): Swift co-wrote ``Gorgeous ''with its producers Max Martin and Shellback. It has been described as a`` radio - friendly pop'' song. Lyrically, the song depicts ``the pursuit of a maddening love interest '', whom Swift describes as`` gorgeous''. Hugh McIntyre of Forbes characterized the production of the song as ``simultaneously a basic 808 drum and an attempt at something that pushes electro - pop into a more interesting territory than Top 40 is used to ''. Maeve McDermott of USA Today likened the chorus of the song to the sound of Katy Perry. According to Elle, the man mentioned in the song is the British actor Joe Alwyn, who is Swift's current boyfriend. The song is composed in the key of C major with a tempo of 92 beats per minute, with Swift's vocals spanning from C to F.
Document 3: Songs I Wrote with Amy: Songs I Wrote with Amy is an extended play, independently released by Ed Sheeran on April 4, 2010. After the success of +, Sheeran re-released five of his EPs, including "Songs I Wrote with Amy", which was released a second time on December 9, 2011. All of the songs were written collaboratively by Ed Sheeran and Amy Wadge.
Document 4: Don't (Ed Sheeran song): "Don't" is a song recorded by English singer-songwriter, Ed Sheeran, for his second studio album, "×" (2014). Written by Sheeran and Benny Blanco and produced by Blanco and Rick Rubin, the song samples "Don't Mess with My Man" by Lucy Pearl. It was initially planned as the album's lead single, but was passed over in favour of "Sing". It was instead released to iTunes on 13 June 2014 as the second "instant grat" promotional single from "×". "Don't" officially impacted US contemporary hit radio on 15 July 2014 and was released independently on 24 August 2014 as the album's second single.
Document 5: Photograph (Ed Sheeran song): "Photograph" is a song recorded by the English singer-songwriter, Ed Sheeran, for his second studio album, "×" (2014). Sheeran wrote the song with Snow Patrol member, Johnny McDaid, who had a piano loop from which the composition developed. After recording several versions with other producers, Sheeran eventually solicited help from Jeff Bhasker; the collaboration generated a version that Bhasker further enhanced for months. The ballad derives its music primarily from an acoustic guitar, piano and programmed drums. With visually descriptive lyrics, it discusses a long-distance relationship inspired by Sheeran's own experience of being away from his then-girlfriend while he was on tour.
Document 6: Sing (Ed Sheeran song): "Sing" is a song by English singer-songwriter, Ed Sheeran. It was written by Sheeran and Pharrell Williams, who also produced it and provided uncredited background vocals. The song was released on 7 April 2014, serving as the lead single from Sheeran's second studio album, "×" (2014). The song became Sheeran's first UK number-one single and also topped the charts in Australia, New Zealand and Ireland. It also peaked at No. 13 on the US "Billboard" Hot 100.
Document 7: We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together: After writing Speak Now (2010) entirely solo, Swift opted to collaborate with different songwriters and producers for Red. Thus, she called Max Martin and Shellback, two songwriters and producers whose work she admired, to discuss a possible collaboration. The trio conceived the concept for ``We Are Never Ever Getting Back Together ''shortly after a friend of Swift's ex-boyfriend walked into the recording studio and spoke of rumors he heard that Swift and her former flame were reuniting. After the friend left, Martin and Shellback asked Swift to elaborate on the details of the relationship, which she described as`` break up, get back together, break up, get back together, just, ugh, the worst''. When Martin suggested that they write about the incident. Swift began playing the guitar and singing, ``We are never ever... '', and the song flowed rapidly afterwards. She described the process as one of the most humorous experiences she had while recording, and said the musical partners matched her expectations. An audio clip of her sarcastically speaking about breakups can be heard before the final chorus. The song is reportedly about Swift's ex, Jake Gyllenhaal, as the two had broken up in January 2011 but had been seen on a date a few days later. After the release of the music video, more clues linking the song to Gyllenhaal emerged, with the actor looking like Gyllenhaal, the actor in the video giving her a scarf as Gyllenhaal had reportedly done for Swift and a bracelet Swift wears in the video that is speculated to look similar to that of which Gyllenhaal was rumored to have given Swift for her birthday.
Document 8: One Direction: In 2010, Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Liam Payne, Harry Styles, and Louis Tomlinson auditioned as solo candidates for the seventh series of the British televised singing competition The X Factor. They failed to progress to the ``Boys ''category at`` judges' houses'' but were put together to form a five - piece boy band at Wembley Arena, in London, England, in July 2010, during the ``bootcamp ''stage of the competition, thus qualifying for the`` Groups'' category. Nicole Scherzinger, a guest judge, and Simon Cowell have both claimed to have come up with the idea of forming the band. In 2013, Cowell said that it ``took him 10 minutes to put them together as a group ''. Subsequently, the group got together for two weeks to get to know each other and to practice. Styles came up with the name One Direction. For their qualifying song at`` judges' houses'', and their first song as a group, One Direction sang an acoustic version of ``Torn ''. Cowell later commented that their performance convinced him that they`` were confident, fun, like a gang of friends, and kind of fearless as well.'' Within the first four weeks of the live shows, they were his last act in the competition. The group quickly gained popularity in the UK.
Document 9: When I Was Your Man: ``When I Was Your Man ''was written by Andrew Wyatt, Bruno Mars, Philip Lawrence and Ari Levine, while production was handled by the latter three production - team The Smeezingtons. Having chord progressions Am - C - Dm - G - G7 - C (verse) and F-G-C (chorus), the song is written in the key of C Major, with Mars' vocals range from the low note of G3 to the high note of C5. The pop piano ballad finds Mars singing about a pre-fame heartbreak as he regrets letting his woman get away. It starts with a rolling piano riff; unto a nearly scat`` vocal cadence'': ``Same bed but it feels just a little bit bigger now / Our song on the radio but it do n't sound the same '', as he laments the`` single state'' he created for himself. Next, he sings of his failings; to do right by his woman, ``I shoulda bought you flowers / And held your hand / Shoulda gave you all my hours / When I had the chance ''. Its title phrase re-emerges in the final chorus, juxtaposed by Bruno from all the things he`` shoulda'' done, into things he hopes his ex's new man will do; concluding: ``Do all of the things I should have done / When I was your man ''. In an interview to Rolling Stone, Mars revealed, while reluctant, that he wrote the song for his girlfriend, model Jessica Caban, when he was worried about losing her. In contrast with the song, Mars and Caban stayed together; remaining a couple as of 2014. Mars also said, in the interview, that he finds it difficult to perform the song; saying:`` You're bringing up all these old emotions again,'' and that: ``It's just like bleeding! ''
Document 10: Thinking Out Loud: In the kitchen, Sheeran and Wadge began writing the song at 2: 00 am on 4 February 2014, and completed it in 20 minutes. According to Wadge, the lyrical content resulted from her and Sheeran's talking about ``everlasting love '', inspired by the circumstances relevant at that time. Sheeran also revealed that the lyrics were inspired by his then - girlfriend, Athina Andrelos, whom Sheeran met in early 2014. Sheeran would later explain that he wrote the song`` in a relationship at a really, really happy point''. Immediately after writing, Sheeran recorded the song on his phone. He was keen to include ``Thinking Out Loud ''on the second album. He properly recorded the song the following day at the Sticky Studios, a recording facility located in the small Surrey village of Windlesham, and informed Wadge of its inclusion on the album. It became the last song recorded for the album. For`` Thinking Out Loud'', Sheeran sought the assistance of Jake Gosling, who produced much of his debut album and had earlier contributed tracks, four of which appear on the standard version of the second album.
Document 11: Four (One Direction album): Four is the fourth studio album by English-Irish boy band One Direction, released on 17 November 2014 by Columbia Records and Syco Music. Two singles were released from the album, "Steal My Girl" and "Night Changes", both achieving platinum status in the US, and scoring the band their tenth and eleventh UK top-ten hits. The album was also One Direction's last with member Zayn Malik, who announced he was leaving the band on 25 March 2015.
Document 12: Four (One Direction album): In an interview with Simon Cowell, it was revealed that one of the songs for the album will be titled ``18 ''. The song was written by Ed Sheeran, who also wrote`` Little Things'' and ``Moments ''for the group.
Document 13: From This Moment On (Shania Twain song): ``From This Moment On ''was written during a soccer game in Italy. Twain once explained,`` We were in Italy at a soccer game. My husband loves sports. I do n't know the game that well, so my mind drifted and I started writing.'' Initially, Twain thought that ``From This Moment On ''would be perfect for singer Celine Dion; however, as Twain and Lange developed the song, they concluded that it would work best as a duet. While their first choice for the duet was Elton John, they chose country singer Bryan White. Twain later described White as`` the best male voice in country music. Beyond country music! He's an excellent singer. So he needed to be on this record, because the song soars. It demands that. It demands dynamics.'' White explained that, by the time he went to the recording, the song was mostly finalized, and described it as' extremely challenging 'vocally.
Document 14: Wake Me Up (Avicii song): In an interview with the Daily Star, Avicii, who had previously labelled ``Wake Me Up! ''as`` a fun experiment'' during an exclusive chat with MTV UK, said: ``I had a demo with Mac Davis singing, the guy who wrote some songs that were covered by Elvis Presley, but I needed another singer to do the parts. At the same time I was tipped off about doing another track with Aloe Blacc, and I started working on that track. When I was with Mike Einziger from Incubus, we came up with the chord progression and the melody for 'Wake Me Up!' but (with) no real lyrics. None of us (could) sing and we really needed to get that demo down and the only person I knew that lived in LA was Aloe, so I called him and he was free. Lyrics come really easy to him so he wrote them in a couple of hours and we finished the track. ''
Document 15: The Power of Four: "The Power of Four" is a joint anthem composed for the British and Irish Lions rugby union team. It was written by Neil Myers in 2005. It was commissioned by the Lions head coach, Sir Clive Woodward for the 2005 British and Irish Lions tour to New Zealand as the official song. It was intended to be a universal anthem for the British and Irish Lions to be sung before every game. However it was criticised as being uninspiring as members of the Lions squad did not engage with it and it was also noted that the fans did not like it. It was dropped as the Lions anthem after the 2005 tour and led to changes in the way music would be chosen in future Lions tours.
ground_truth: his then - girlfriend, Athina Andrelos
sub_queries: who wrote the song 18 by one direction Answer: Ed Sheeran
who did Ed Sheeran wrote the song thinking out loud for Answer: his then - girlfriend, Athina Andrelos