Question: The director of "An American Tragedy" emigrated permanently to the United States at what age?

full_context: Document 1: American Tragedy (film): American Tragedy is a 2000 miniseries broadcast on the CBS Television Network from November 12, 2000 to November 15, 2000, that was based on the trial of O. J. Simpson for the 1994 murder of his ex-wife, Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend, Ronald Goldman. Ving Rhames starred as defense attorney Johnnie Cochran. The film was directed by Lawrence Schiller, and the screenplay was adapted from the bestselling book, "American Tragedy: The Uncensored Story of the Simpson Defense", by noted novelist Norman Mailer, who had previously collaborated with Schiller on "The Executioner's Song". Mailer publicly criticized CBS for its promotion of the miniseries, which used ads that focused on the fact that Simpson tried unsuccessfully to have the courts block the broadcast of the film. The film won a Satellite Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award.
Document 2: Scarface (1932 film): Scarface (also known as Scarface: The Shame of the Nation and The Shame of a Nation) is a 1932 American pre-Code gangster film starring Paul Muni as Antonio "Tony" Camonte. It was produced by Howard Hughes and Howard Hawks and directed by Hawks. The story is based on Armitage Trail's 1929 novel of the same name, which is loosely based on the rise and fall of Al Capone. The film features Ann Dvorak as Camonte's sister, and also stars Karen Morley, Osgood Perkins, and Boris Karloff. The plot centers on gang warfare and police intervention when rival gangs fight over control of Chicago. A version of the Saint Valentine's Day Massacre is also depicted.
Document 3: Michael Curtiz: Michael Curtiz ( ; born Manó Kaminer, December 24, 1888 April 10, 1962) was a Hungarian-born American film director, recognized as one of the most prolific directors in history. He directed classic films from the silent era and numerous others during Hollywood's Golden Age, when the studio system was prevalent.
Document 4: Svengali (1931 film): Svengali is a 1931 American pre-Code supernatural drama/horror film produced and distributed by Warner Bros. The film stars John Barrymore and co-stars Marian Marsh. It was directed by Archie Mayo and the screenplay was written by J. Grubb Alexander. It is based on the gothic horror novel "Trilby" (1894) by George du Maurier. The film was originally released on May 22, 1931. Warner Brothers was so pleased by the box office on this film that the studio hurriedly reteamed Barrymore and Marsh for another horror film "The Mad Genius", released on November 7, 1931. The region 1 DVD of "Svengali" was released on October 17, 2000 by the Roan Group.
Document 5: The Salvation Hunters: The Salvation Hunters (1925) is an American silent film, the first work directed by young Josef Sternberg, later known as Josef von Sternberg.
Document 6: An American Tragedy (film): An American Tragedy is a 1931 Pre-Code drama film, produced and distributed by Paramount Pictures and directed by Josef von Sternberg. The film is based on Theodore Dreiser's 1925 novel "An American Tragedy" which itself alludes to the real life 1906 murder of Grace Brown by Chester Gillette.
Document 7: A Fallen Idol: A Fallen Idol is a lost 1919 American silent melodrama film starring Evelyn Nesbit, a disgraced Broadway showgirl involved in the murder of architect Stanford White in 1906. As the title might imply to the film going public, the movie is yet another feature harking back to Nesbit's involvement in public scandal.
Document 8: Josef von Sternberg: Josef von Sternberg, (29 May 1894 – 22 December 1969) was an Austrian-American film director. His family emigrated permanently to the United States when he was fourteen, and he grew up in New York City. He started working at World Film Company in Fort Lee, New Jersey, where he was mentored by French director Emile Chautard.
Document 9: Von Sternberg House: The Von Sternberg House was mini-mansion designed by the architect Richard Neutra. With only one bedroom, plus bedrooms for servants, it was built in 1935 at 10000 Tampa Avenue, Northridge, Chatsworth, on a plot of 13 acres (5 hectares) in California's then-rural San Fernando Valley for the movie director Josef von Sternberg. The house was demolished in 1972 to make way for a housing development.
Document 10: Paul L. Stein: Paul Ludwig Stein (4 February 1892 – 2 May 1951) was an Austrian-born film director with 67 films to his credit. Stein began his career in Berlin in 1918 and worked exclusively in the German silent film industry until 1926, when he first went to Hollywood, and spent the next five years commuting between Germany and the U.S., where he worked with stars such as Jeanette MacDonald, Lillian Gish and Constance Bennett.
Document 11: An American Crime: An American Crime is a 2007 American crime drama film starring Ellen Page and Catherine Keener. The film is based on the true story of the torture and murder of Sylvia Likens by Indianapolis housewife Gertrude Baniszewski. It premiered at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival.
Document 12: The Murder of Mary Phagan: The Murder of Mary Phagan, a 1988 two-part American TV miniseries written by Larry McMurtry, produced by George Stevens, Jr., directed by William "Billy" Hale, starring Jack Lemmon and Kevin Spacey, made by Orion Pictures Corporation, and distributed by National Broadcasting Company (NBC), is a dramatization of the story of Leo Frank, a factory manager charged with and convicted of murdering a 13-year-old girl, a factory worker named Mary Phagan, in Atlanta in 1913. The trial was sensational and controversial. After Frank's legal appeals had failed, the governor of Georgia in 1915 commuted his death sentence to life imprisonment, destroying his own career in the process. In 1915 Frank was kidnapped from prison and lynched by a small group of prominent men of Marietta, Georgia. In addition to Lemmon and Spacey, the film features Rebecca Miller, Peter Gallagher, Charles Dutton, Richard Jordan, Cynthia Nixon, Dylan Baker and William H. Macy. Lemmon noted during a publicity appearance on "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson" shortly before the miniseries was broadcast that the cast was the best with which he had ever worked.
Document 13: Joe May: Joe May (7 November 1880, in Vienna – 29 April 1954, in Hollywood), born Joseph Otto Mandel, was a film director and film producer born in Austria and one of the pioneers of German cinema.
Document 14: Albert Stern (violinist): Violinist Albert Ivan Stern was born in New York City. His parents, father Murray Abraham Shmulevitch and mother Grace Sara Stern (née Gold), were both Jewish and born in Poland. Grace Gold immigrated to the US as a child and Murray immigrated later after graduating from Humboldt University of Berlin as a Doctor of medicine. After arriving in the US, Murray entered a lifelong career in business sales and, following in the footsteps of his father, became a prominent builder. Both his mother and father came from families of predominantly musicians. He had an older brother Stanley Stern (later known as Jack Stern) and an older sister Florence London. Stern has 4 children, daughters Adina T. Stern, a prominent attorney, Aura L. Stern, a financier, daughter Shereen A. Stern, a nurse, and son Shawn Stern, a novelist. He is married to Patricia A Stern (Née Trzaska).
Document 15: Erich von Stroheim: Erich von Stroheim (born Erich Oswald Stroheim; September 22, 1885 – May 12, 1957) was an Austrian-American director, actor and producer, most notable as being a film star of the silent era, subsequently noted as an auteur for his directorial work. He died in 1957 in France, at age 71.
ground_truth: fourteen