Question: In what year was Charles Lawrence's alma mater founded?

full_context: Document 1: Institute of technology: Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. They particularly excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses similar to technological universities in the USA and continental Europe. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. Britain's first Polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain "at little expense." The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century. Most Polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education.
Document 2: Charles Colbourn: Colbourn was born on October 24, 1953, in Toronto, Ontario; despite working in the United States since 1996 he retains his Canadian citizenship. He did his undergraduate studies at the University of Toronto, graduating in 1976; after a master's degree at the University of Waterloo, he returned to Toronto for a Ph.D., which he received in 1980 under the supervision of Derek Corneil. He has held faculty positions at the University of Saskatchewan, University of Waterloo, University of Vermont, and Arizona State University, as well as visiting positions at several other universities. He has been one of three editors-in-chief of the "Journal of Combinatorial Designs" since 1992.
Document 3: Charles Lawrence (mathematician): After his PhD graduation, Lawrence became the assistant professor in Systems Engineering and Operations Research and Statistics, in Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. In the same time period of time (1971–1975), Lawrence worked as the consultant to the Ministry of Maternal and Child Health in Dominican Republic. From 1975 to 1981, he worked in the New York State Department of Health as the Director of Operations Research and Statistics, in the Division of Epidemiology.
Document 4: Institute of technology: Polytechnic Institutes are technological universities, many dating back to the mid-19th century. A handful of world-renowned Elite American universities include the phrases "Institute of Technology", "Polytechnic Institute", "Polytechnic University", or similar phrasing in their names; these are generally research-intensive universities with a focus on engineering, science and technology. The earliest and most famous of these institutions are, respectively, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI, 1824), New York University Tandon School of Engineering (1854) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, 1861). Conversely, schools dubbed "technical colleges" or "technical institutes" generally provide post-secondary training in technical and mechanical fields, focusing on training vocational skills primarily at a community college level—parallel and sometimes equivalent to the first two years at a bachelor's degree-granting institution.
Document 5: Arunas Chesonis: Arunas Chesonis is a civil engineering graduate of MIT and holds an M.B.A. from the William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Rochester.
Document 6: H. S. S. Lawrence: As Special Officer for restructuring Educational Pattern in Tamil Nadu and as Director of School Education, Lawrence planned and implemented the All India 10+2+3 pattern of education in 1978. During 1993–1994, Lawrence was Chairman of a High Level Committee on Vocational Education, constituted by the Government of Tamil Nadu, and solved the long-standing problem of salaries for the vocational teachers by raising it and installed a strong management structure for Vocational Education in Tamil Nadu. He was conferred the title of "Father of Vocational Education in Tamil Nadu".
Document 7: Institute of technology: The institutes of technology and polytechnics have been in existence since at least the 18th century, but became popular after World War II with the expansion of engineering and applied science education, associated with the new needs created by industrialization. The world's first institution of technology, the Berg-Schola (today its legal successor is the University of Miskolc) was founded by the Court Chamber of Vienna in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary in 1735 in order to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining according to the requirements of the industrial revolution in Hungary. The oldest German Institute of Technology is the Braunschweig University of Technology (founded in 1745 as "Collegium Carolinum"). Another exception is the École Polytechnique, which has educated French élites since its foundation in 1794. In some cases, polytechnics or institutes of technology are engineering schools or technical colleges.
Document 8: James Vorenberg: Vorenberg became a professor at Harvard Law School in 1962. In 1973, he served as principal assistant to Archibald Cox in the Watergate Special Prosecutor's Office. He served as chairman of the Massachusetts State Ethics Commission from 1978 to 1983. In 1981, he was elected to the Common Cause National Governing Board. He was named associate dean at Harvard Law in 1977, and was named dean and Roscoe Pound Professor of Law in 1981. He retired at the end of June 1989. "I've tried to encourage students to follow diverse, varied patterns out of law school," Vorenberg told "The New York Times" in 1989.
Document 9: Ernst Ruh: Ernst Ruh received his doctorate in 1964 from Brown University under Katsumi Nomizu with thesis "On the Automorphism Groups of a G-structure". He is a professor at Ohio State University and a professor of computer science at the University of Basel (1987/89). In 1990 Ruh became a full professor (professor ordinarius) of mathematics at the University of Fribourg; he was the successor of Josef Schmid. In 2006 he retired as professor emeritus.
Document 10: Lawrence K. Jones: Lawrence K. Jones is an American counseling psychologist, career assessment developer, and writer of international standing. Jones is a professor Emeritus in the College of Education at North Carolina State University. He received his Master's degree from the University of Pennsylvania, and his Ph.D. in counseling psychology at the University of Missouri. His work has been published in more than 50 scientific journals and books. He is the author of the "Encyclopedia of Career Change and Work Issues", selected as one of the "Outstanding Reference Sources" by the American Library Association. He received the annual, national Professional Development award of the American Counseling Association and he is a National Certified Counselor.
Document 11: Institute of technology: During the 1970s to early 1990s, the term was used to describe state owned and funded technical schools that offered both vocational and higher education. They were part of the College of Advanced Education system. In the 1990s most of these merged with existing universities, or formed new ones of their own. These new universities often took the title University of Technology, for marketing rather than legal purposes. AVCC report The most prominent such university in each state founded the Australian Technology Network a few years later.
Document 12: Institute of technology: Schools called "technical institute" or "technical school" that were formed in the early 20th century provided further education between high school and University or Polytechnic. Most technical institutes have been merged into regional colleges and some have been designated university colleges if they are associated with a local university.
Document 13: Institute of technology: Since the mid-1990s, the term has been applied to some technically minded technical and further education (TAFE) institutes. A recent example is the Melbourne Polytechnic rebranding and repositioning in 2014 from Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE. These primarily offer vocational education, although some like Melbourne Polytechnic are expanding into higher education offering vocationally oriented applied bachelor degress. This usage of the term is most prevalent historically in NSW and the ACT. The new terminology is apt given that this category of institution are becoming very much like the institutes of the 1970s–1990s period.
Document 14: Larry A. Wasserman: Larry A. Wasserman is a Canadian statistician and a professor in the Department of Statistics and the Machine Learning Department at Carnegie Mellon University.
Document 15: Institute of technology: In higher education, Politecnico refers to a technical university awarding degrees in engineering. Historically there were two Politecnici, one in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north:
ground_truth: 1824
sub_queries: Charles Lawrence >> educated at Answer: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
In what year was Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded? Answer: 1824