Question: Azfar Hussain (Bengali: আজফার হোসেন ) is a Bangladeshi theorist, critic, academic, bilingual writer, poet, translator, and activist, Bengali, is also known by its endonym Bangla, it's the national, and official language of which country?

full_context: Document 1: Abdolkarim Soroush: Abdolkarim Soroush (عبدالكريم سروش ; born Hossein Haj Faraj Dabbagh (born 1945; Persian: حسين حاج فرج دباغ‎ ‎ ), is an Iranian thinker, reformer, Rumi scholar and a former professor of philosophy at the University of Tehran and Imam Khomeini International University. He is arguably the most influential figure in the religious intellectual movement of Iran. Soroush is currently a visiting scholar at the University of Maryland in College Park, MD. He was also affiliated with other prestigious institutions, including Harvard, Princeton, Yale, Columbia, the Leiden-based International Institute as a visiting professor for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM) and the Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin. He was named by "TIME" as one of the world’s 100 most influential people in 2005, and by Prospect magazine as one of the most influential intellectuals in the world in 2008. Soroush's ideas, founded on Relativism, prompted both supporters and critics to compare his role in reforming Islam to that of Martin Luther in reforming Christianity.
Document 2: Azfar Hussain: Azfar Hussain (Bengali: আজফার হোসেন ) is a Bangladeshi theorist, critic, academic, bilingual writer, poet, translator, and activist. He is Associate Professor of Liberal Studies/Interdisciplinary Studies at Grand Valley State University in Michigan, and Vice-President of the Global Center for Advanced Studies (GCAS) and Honorary GCAS Professor of English, World Literature, and Interdisciplinary Studies. He taught English, World Literature, Ethnic Studies, and Cultural Studies at Washington State University, Bowling Green State University, and Oklahoma State University; while, in Bangladesh, he taught English at Jahangirnagar University and North South University. He also worked as Scholar-in-Residence at the University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh. He is an advisory editor of "Rhizomes: Cultural Studies in Emerging Knowledge". He is also an editorial board member of the Bengali journals "Natun Diganta" and "Sarbajonakotha".
Document 3: Omid Safi: Omid Safi is an American Professor of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at Duke University, where he is the Director of Duke Islamic Studies Center, and a columnist for On Being. Dr. Safi specializes in Islamic mysticism (Sufism), contemporary Islamic thought and medieval Islamic history. He has served on the board of the Pluralism project at Harvard University and is the co-chair of the steering committee for the Study of Islam and the Islamic Mysticism Group at the American Academy of Religion. Before joining Duke University, Dr. Safi was a professor at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill.
Document 4: Bangladesh: Bangladesh ( or ; Bengali: "Bāṃlādēśa" , ] ,  "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ "Gaṇaprajātantrī Bāṃlādēśa" ), is a country in South Asia. It shares land borders with India and Myanmar (Burma). Nepal, Bhutan and China are located near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it. The country's maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area. Bangladesh is the world's eighth most populous country. Dhaka is its capital and largest city, followed by Chittagong, which has the country's largest port.
Document 5: Languages of Bangladesh: The official and de facto national language of Bangladesh is Modern Standard Bengali (Literary Bangla). It serves as the "lingua franca" of the nation, with 98% of Bangladeshis fluent in Standard Bengali or Bengali dialects as their first language. However 16% of the population speak the languages of Sylheti and Chittagonian which the Bangladeshi Government counts as being dialects of Bengali but in reality only 82% of the population speak true standard Bengali. English, having no official status, is prevalent across government, law, business, media and education, and can be regarded as the de facto co-official language of Bangladesh (see Bangladeshi English).
Document 6: Hindi-Urdu vocabulary: Hindustani vocabulary, also known as Hindi-Urdu vocabulary, like all Indo-Aryan languages, has a core base of Sanskrit, which it gained through Prakrit. As such the standardized registers of the Hindustani language (Hindi-Urdu) share a common vocabulary, especially on the colloquial level. However, in formal speech, Hindi tends to draw on Sanskrit, while Urdu turns to Persian and sometimes Arabic. This difference lies in the history of Hindustani, in which the Khariboli dialect started to gain more Persian words in urban areas (such as Lucknow and Hyderabad), under the Delhi Sultanate; this dialect came to be termed Urdu. The original Hindi dialects continued to develop alongside Urdu and according to Professor Afroz Taj, "the distinction between Hindi and Urdu was chiefly a question of style. A poet could draw upon Urdu's lexical richness to create an aura of elegant sophistication, or could use the simple rustic vocabulary of dialect Hindi to evoke the folk life of the village. Somewhere in the middle lay the day to day language spoken by the great majority of people. This day to day language was often referred to by the all-encompassing term "Hindustani"." In Colonial India, Hindi-Urdu acquired vocabulary introduced by Christian missionaries from the Germanic and Romanic languages, e.g. "pādrī" (Devanagari: पादरी, Nastaleeq: پادری) from "padre", meaning pastor. When describing the state of Hindi-Urdu under the British Raj, Professor Śekhara Bandyopādhyāẏa stated that "Truly speaking, Hindi and Urdu, spoken by a great majority of people in north India, were the same language written in two scripts; Hindi was written in Devanagari script and therefore had a greater sprinkling of Sanskrit words, while Urdu was written in Persian script and thus had more Persian and Arabic words in it. At the more colloquial level, however, the two languages were mutually intelligible." After the partition of India, political forces within India tried to further Sanskritize Hindi, while political forces in Pakistan campaigned to remove Prakit/Sanksrit derived words from Urdu and supplant them with Persian and Arabic words. Despite these government efforts, the film industry, Bollywood continues to release its films in the original Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu) language, easily understood and enjoyed by speakers of both registers; in addition many of the same television channels are viewed across the border.
Document 7: Bible translations into the languages of India: Languages spoken in India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 75% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 20% of Indians. Other languages belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates. India (780) has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea (839).
Document 8: Fawzia Afzal-Khan: Originally from Pakistan, Fawzia Afzal-Khan (Urdu: فوزیہ افضل خان) is a professor of English and director of Women and Gender Studies Program at Montclair State University. Afzal-Khan received her BA from Kinnaird College for Women, Lahore, Pakistan, and her MA and PhD. in English Literature from Tufts University. A University Distinguished Professor, Afzal-Khan was awarded The "Excellence in Public Life Award" by the American Muslim Alliance in 2008. Afzal-Khan also serves on the editorial board of .
Document 9: Wasbir Hussain: Wasbir Hussain is a political commentator and strategic analyst whose core area of work includes writings and speaking on issues of peace, security and development in northeastern India and its immediate neighbourhood. One of the founders of the research and policy think tank, the Centre for Development and Peace Studies, he is currently its Executive Director. Hussain was twice nominated Member of India's National Security Advisory Board (2006–2008 and 2010–2012). Hussain is also the Chief Editorial Adviser of North East Live, an English Satellite News channel from Guwahati, and hosts a popular weekly English talk show 'Talk Time with Wasbir Hussain'. - on News Live, the largest news channel in Northeast India.
Document 10: Shams C. Inati: Shams C. Inati is a professor in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies, the Center for Arab and Islamic Studies, and the Department of Philosophy at Villanova University. She has authored many works and has translated numerous Arabic philosophical texts, with an emphasis on Ibn Sina and other medieval Islamic thinkers. Much of her work focuses on the problem of evil, metaphysics, and historical dilemmas in the Middle East. The "Bulletin of the" "School of Oriental and African Studies" praised her "scholarly, well researched and well analysed commentary" on Ibn Sina. Her work has also been cited or reviewed in the Middle East Journal, The Journal of Religion, the American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, and the Journal of Semitic Studies.
Document 11: Punjabi language: Punjabi ( ; Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ "pañjābī" ; Shahmukhi: "paṉjābī" ) is a native language of the Punjab region belonging to the Northwestern Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family. Spoken by over 100 million native speakers worldwide, it ranks as the 10th most widely spoken language (2015) in the world. It is the native language of the Punjabi people, who associate with the historical Punjab region of India and Pakistan. Among Indo-European languages, it is unusual in having lexical tone.
Document 12: Amir Hussain: Amir Hussain is a scholar of religion who specializes in the study of Islam. His most recent book is "Muslims and the Making of America", published in 2016 by Baylor University Press. From 2011 to 2015 he was the editor of the "Journal of the American Academy of Religion", which is the flagship journal for the study of religion. He is also on the editorial boards of three other scholarly journals for the study of religion. In 2005, he joined the Department of Theological Studies at Loyola Marymount University, the Jesuit university in Los Angeles. He has done significant publishing work with Oxford University Press, including editing the fourth editions of two of their main textbooks, "World Religions: Western Traditions" and "World Religions: Eastern Traditions", and the third edition of "A Concise Introduction to World Religions". Professor Hussain is also a senior editor for religion for Oxford Handbooks Online. He has written numerous scholarly articles on Islam and Muslims, and is recognized as an authority on Islam in North America. He is a fellow of the Los Angeles Institute for the Humanities.
Document 13: Muneeza Shamsie: Muneeza Shamsie (née Habibullah) is a Pakistani writer, critic, literary journalist, and editor. She is author of a literary history "Hybrid Tapestries: The Development of Pakistani English Literature" (Oxford University Press, forthcoming 2016) and is the Bibliographic Representative (Pakistan) of 'The Journal of Commonwealth Literature' (http://www.sagepub.in/journals/Journal201677/boards). She is on the International Advisory Board of 'The Journal of Postcolonial Writing' (http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?show=editorialBoard&journalCode=rjpw20#.VtR96DGDr4g) and has guest edited its Special Issue Volume 47 Issue 2, 2011: Beyond Geography: Literature, Politics and Violence in Pakistan. She is on the Advisory Committee of the DSC Prize for South Asian Literature (http://dscprize.com/category/advisories/ac-2015) and served as a 2013 jury member. From 2009-2011 she served as regional chair (Eurasia) for the Commonwealth Writers Prize (http://www.litencyc.com/php/members/showprofile.php?contribid=16062). She is editor of three pioneering anthologies of Pakistani English literature, of which the US edition of 'And the World Changed Contemporary Stories by Pakistani Women" received the Gold IPPY award and the Bronze Foreword Award in the United States.(http://www.litencyc.com/php/members/showprofile.php?contribid=16062)
Document 14: Languages of India: Languages spoken in India belong to several language families, the major ones being the Indo-Aryan languages spoken by 75% of Indians and the Dravidian languages spoken by 20% of Indians. Other languages belong to the Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and a few other minor language families and isolates. India (780) has the world's second highest number of languages, after Papua New Guinea (839).
Document 15: Bengali language: Bengali ( ), also known by its endonym Bangla ( ; বাংলা ] ), is an Indo-Aryan language spoken in the Indian Subcontinent. It is the national and official language of the People's Republic of Bangladesh, and the official language of some eastern and north-eastern states of the Republic of India, including West Bengal, Tripura, Assam (Barak Valley) and Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is also one of the 22 scheduled languages of India. With 205 million speakers, Bengali is the seventh most spoken native language in the world by population. Dictionaries from the early 20th century attributed slightly more than half of the Bengali vocabulary to native words (i.e., naturally modified Sanskrit words, corrupted forms of Sanskrit words, and loanwords from non-Indo-European languages), about 30 percent to unmodified Sanskrit words, and the remainder to foreign words. Dominant in the last group was Persian, which was also the source of some grammatical forms. More recent studies suggest that the use of native and foreign words has been increasing, mainly because of the preference of Bengali speakers for the colloquial style. Today, Bengali is the primary language spoken in Bangladesh and the second most widely spoken language in India.
ground_truth: People's Republic of Bangladesh