Question: What was the nickname of this Romanian and authoritarian politician under whose regime the chief rabbi of Romania Alexandru Șafran succeeded in saving Jews during the Holocaust?

full_context: Document 1: Alexandru Șafran: Alexandru Şafran (or Alexandre Safran; September 12, 1910 – July 27, 2006) was a Romanian and, after 1948, Swiss rabbi. As chief rabbi of Romania (1940–1948), he intervened with authorities in the fascist government of Ion Antonescu in an unusually successful attempt to save Jews during the Holocaust.
Document 2: Ion Antonescu: Ion Victor Antonescu (] ; June 15, 1882 – June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who, as the Prime Minister and "Conducător" during most of World War II, presided over two successive wartime dictatorships. After the war, he was convicted of war crimes and executed.
Document 3: Bombing of Romania in World War II: The bombing of Romania in World War II comprised two series of events: until August 1944, Allied operations, and, following the overthrow of Ion Antonescu's dictatorship, operations by Nazi Germany.
Document 4: Radu Lecca: Radu D. Lecca (February 15, 1890–1980) was a Romanian spy, journalist, civil servant and convicted war criminal. A World War I veteran who served a prison term for espionage in France during the early 1930s, he was a noted supporter of antisemitic concepts and, after 1933, an agent of influence for Nazi Germany. While becoming a double agent for Romania's Special Intelligence Service (SSI), Lecca was involved in fascist politics, gained in importance during World War II and the successive dictatorships, and eventually grew close to "Conducător" Ion Antonescu.
Document 5: Jacob Itzhak Niemirower: Rabbi Dr. Jacob Itzhak Niemirower (Romanian: Iacob Isaac Niemirower, born March 1, 1872 in Lemberg, then in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, now Lviv, Ukraine - died November 18, 1939 in Bucharest, Romania) was a Romanian Modern Reform rabbi, close to reformistic trends in the Western European Judaism, theologist, philosopher and historian. Served as the first Chief Rabbi of Romanian Jewry between 1921–1939, and was a member of the Romanian Senate from 1927 and until his death. An ardent supporter of Zionism and a courageous fighter against Antisemitism, Dr. Niemirower defended the civil and human rights of Romanian Jews and led them on the path towards modernization of community life, in the spirit of what he called Cultural Judaism. This meant adhering to Jewish tradition while remaining open to the Romanian language and culture and to universal influences.
Document 6: Hanns Alexander: Hanns Alexander (6 May 1917 – 23 December 2006) was a German Jewish refugee who tracked down and arrested the Kommandant of Auschwitz Rudolf Höss.
Document 7: Romanian policy referendum, March 1941: A referendum on the policies of Ion Antonescu was held in Romania on 5 March 1941. Under pressure from Nazi Germany, King Carol II had appointed Antonescu as Conducător on 6 September 1940. Voting was done orally, with voters answering yes or no. Silence was taken to be a "yes". The referendum was approved by 99.9% of voters. A second referendum on Antonescu's policies was held in November.
Document 8: Elazar Shach: Elazar Menachem Man Shach (Hebrew: אלעזר מנחם מן שך‎ ) Elazar Shach (January 1, 1899 O.S. – November 2, 2001) was a leading Lithuanian-Jewish Haredi rabbi in Bnei Brak, Israel. He also served as one of three co-deans of the Ponevezh Yeshiva in Bnei Brak, along with Rabbis Shmuel Rozovsky and Dovid Povarsky.
Document 9: Alan Schom: Alan M Strauss-Schom is an American-born historian and biographer, born in Sterling, Illinois, in 1937. He attended Beverly Hills High School and received an A.B. in French/ European History from University of California, Berkeley, a Ph.D at Durham University (England), School of Oriental Studies. He taught French and Modern European History at Southern Connecticut State University and at the University of California, Riverside. He served as the President and Founder of the French Colonial Historical Society (1974–76), and founded its research journal, French Colonial Studies. He was a research fellow at the Hoover Institution in 1984. In 1997 prepared two published reports for the Simon Wiesenthal Centre (Los Angeles) on the actions of the Swiss Government to prevent Jewish refugees during World War II from entering or residing in that country. These reports are available from the Simon Wiesenthal Centre. He gave three international press conferences in 1998 on these reports: in Los Angeles, New York City and Paris. He has given interviews over the BBC,RADIO FRANCE, ABC, CBS, NBC, etc., and in several newspapers. Dr Strauss-Schom has given public lectures across the United States and Europe, e.g., University of California, Berkeley,Santa Barbara and Riverside, University of Georgia, American Historical Association, French Colonial Historical Society, Université de Laval, Canada, University Club (Portland, Oregon), Dartmouth College, School of Oriental and African Studies in London, and The School of Oriental Studies, Durham University, the New University of Louvain (Belgium), guest lectures at Oxford University, etc.
Document 10: Robert Shvarc: Robert Shvarc (10 December 1932 – 25 April 2003) born in Sarajevo of Bosnia, 10 December 1932, is a Hebrew and Albanian, recognized as one of the best translators from German of the 20th century and beginning of new millennium, writer and poet. His parents were respectively mother from Elbasan and father an Hebrew from Austria and lived in Shkodra, Albania. There Robert Shvarc grew up as a lover of Albanian mother's language and is the first who brought for the Albanian reader some masterpieces of literature as the novels of Gabriel García Márquez, Erich Maria Remarque, Lion Feuchtwanger, dramas of Bertolt Brecht; books of poetry from Goethe, Schiller and Heine. Also Shvarc translated in German best books of many Albanian poets and writers.
Document 11: Constantin Brătescu: Constantin Brătescu (March 8, 1892 - April 13, 1971) was a Romanian Major-General during World War II. In 1941, he served first as Chief Propaganda Section General Staff (Romania's Propaganda Minister) and then as a Romanian liaison officer to the German Military Mission, meaning that he served as a German military officer during Operation Barbarossa and the Axis Invasion of the Soviet Union. Starting in 1942 Brătescu was a Romanian General Officer (at the rank of Major-General) and commanded the 1st Cavalry Division throughout the campaign against the Soviets, fighting in such engagements as Operation Barbarossa, Operation Blue, and the Battle of Stalingrad. Following the surrender of Friedrich Paulus' 6th Army at the Battle of Stalingrad, Brătescu became a prisoner of war and was held captive from 1943 to 1948. Finally, in 1948, he was released after five years of imprisonment and subsequently retired from active service. Bratescu ultimately died twenty-three years later, in 1971, at the age of seventy-nine.
Document 12: Mihai Robu: Mihai Robu (April 10, 1884—September 27, 1944) was a Romanian cleric, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Iaşi. Born in Săbăoani, Neamţ County, He entered the Roman Catholic Theological Institute of Iași in 1894, being ordained deacon in 1906 and priest in 1907. For several years, starting before his priestly ordination, he was in charge of the Iaşi seminarians. During World War I, when the seminary was closed, he was a parish priest at Văleni, Faraoani and Bacău. In 1920, he returned to teach when the seminary reopened, and was named secretary to Bishop Alexandru Cisar. In 1922, he was named parish priest at Horlești and chaplain at an Iaşi monastery. In 1925, he was consecrated Bishop of Iaşi by Cisar. Among his activities were the building of numerous churches, special attention to the seminary and the opening of a new one at Luizi-Călugăra, support for the Catholic press and many visits to parishes in the diocese. By 1943, during World War II, Robu had become disturbed by the treatment Moldavian Catholics were receiving from local officials who derided and harassed them as allegedly being ethnic Hungarians or Csangos. He sent a petition to dictator Ion Antonescu in which he explained that the community were in fact ethnic Romanians, and asked that the mistreatment come to an end. The government agreed with Robu, promising to investigate and punish those responsible. In March 1944, due to the approach of the Eastern Front, he closed the seminary and withdrew with the students to Beiuş. Meeting with repression from the German and Hungarian armies, he went to the mountains at Finiș in mid-September. He caught double pneumonia and soon died. Buried in Beiuş, his remains were moved to the old Roman Catholic cathedral in Iaşi in 1964.
Document 13: King Michael's Coup: King Michael's Coup was a "coup d'état" led by King Michael I of Romania during World War II on 23 August 1944. The king removed the government of Ion Antonescu, which had aligned Romania with Nazi Germany, after the Axis front in northeastern Romania collapsed in the face of a successful Soviet offensive.
Document 14: Aaron ben Isaac Sason: Aaron ben Isaac Sason was an Ottoman author and Talmudist; born in Constantinople in 1629. He was a grandson of Aaron ben Joseph Sason, an eminent Talmudist, and cousin of Ḥayyim Benveniste, the famous scholar. Aaron Cupino, rabbi of Constantinople, was his teacher in Talmudic lore, and was so successful that at the age of twenty his pupil engaged in Talmudic controversies with Moses Benveniste, who thought them worthy of publication. The great Palestinian Pilpulist, Judah Rozanes, referred with respect to an unpublished work, "Hen Yeshallaḥ," by R. Aaron. Whether the work "Sefat Emet" should be credited to R. Aaron or to his grandfather, Aaron ben Joseph, is uncertain. The latter is more probably its author. Shabbethai Bass, the only writer who mentions that particular book, in his "Sifte Yeshenim," throws no light on this question, merely mentioning that it is by Aaron Sason.
Document 15: Maria Antonescu: Maria Antonescu (born Maria Niculescu, also known as Maria General Antonescu, later Maria Mareșal Antonescu, or Rica Antonescu; November 3, 1892 – October 18, 1964) was a Romanian socialite and philanthropist, the wife of World War II authoritarian Prime Minister and "Conducător" Ion Antonescu. A long-time resident of France, she was twice married before her wedding to Antonescu, and became especially known for her leadership of charitable organization grouped in the Social Works Patronage Council organization, having Veturia Goga for her main collaborator. The Council profited significantly from antisemitic policies targeting Romanian Jews, and especially from the deportation of Bessarabian Jews into Transnistria, taking over several hundred million lei resulting from arbitrary confiscations and extortion.
ground_truth: Conducător