Question: Under the Arab Empire, what subject was studied in the city where William Watson was later born?

full_context: Document 1: William Addison (chess player): William (Bill) Grady Addison (November 28, 1933 in Baton Rouge, Louisiana – October 29, 2008 in San Francisco) was an American chess International Master (1967).
Document 2: Chess prodigy: Year Player Country Age 1950 David Bronstein Soviet Union 26 years 1952 Tigran Petrosian Soviet Union 23 years 1955 Boris Spassky Soviet Union 18 years 1958 Bobby Fischer United States 15 years, 6 months, 1 day 1991 Judit Polgár Hungary 15 years, 4 months, 28 days 1994 Péter Lékó Hungary 14 years, 4 months, 22 days 1997 Étienne Bacrot France 14 years, 2 months, 0 days 1997 Ruslan Ponomariov Ukraine 14 years, 0 months, 17 days 1999 Bu Xiangzhi China 13 years, 10 months, 13 days 2002 Sergey Karjakin Ukraine 12 years, 7 months, 0 days
Document 3: History of science: In Babylonian astronomy, records of the motions of the stars, planets, and the moon are left on thousands of clay tablets created by scribes. Even today, astronomical periods identified by Mesopotamian proto-scientists are still widely used in Western calendars such as the solar year and the lunar month. Using these data they developed arithmetical methods to compute the changing length of daylight in the course of the year and to predict the appearances and disappearances of the Moon and planets and eclipses of the Sun and Moon. Only a few astronomers' names are known, such as that of Kidinnu, a Chaldean astronomer and mathematician. Kiddinu's value for the solar year is in use for today's calendars. Babylonian astronomy was "the first and highly successful attempt at giving a refined mathematical description of astronomical phenomena." According to the historian A. Aaboe, "all subsequent varieties of scientific astronomy, in the Hellenistic world, in India, in Islam, and in the West—if not indeed all subsequent endeavour in the exact sciences—depend upon Babylonian astronomy in decisive and fundamental ways."
Document 4: Brook Watson: Sir Brook Watson, 1st Baronet (7 February 1735 – 2 October 1807) was a British merchant, soldier, and later Lord Mayor of London. He is perhaps most famous as the subject of John Singleton Copley's painting "Watson and the Shark, "which depicts a shark attack on Watson as a boy that resulted in the loss of his right leg below the knee.
Document 5: History of science: In mathematics, the Persian mathematician Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi gave his name to the concept of the algorithm, while the term algebra is derived from al-jabr, the beginning of the title of one of his publications. What is now known as Arabic numerals originally came from India, but Muslim mathematicians did make several refinements to the number system, such as the introduction of decimal point notation. Sabian mathematician Al-Battani (850-929) contributed to astronomy and mathematics, while Persian scholar Al-Razi contributed to chemistry and medicine.
Document 6: History of mathematics: Babylonian mathematics refers to any mathematics of the peoples of Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) from the days of the early Sumerians through the Hellenistic period almost to the dawn of Christianity. The majority of Babylonian mathematical work comes from two widely separated periods: The first few hundred years of the second millennium BC (Old Babylonian period), and the last few centuries of the first millennium BC (Seleucid period). It is named Babylonian mathematics due to the central role of Babylon as a place of study. Later under the Arab Empire, Mesopotamia, especially Baghdad, once again became an important center of study for Islamic mathematics.
Document 7: Mesopotamia: Mesopotamia is a historical region in West Asia situated within the Tigris -- Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq plus Kuwait, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish -- Syrian and Iran -- Iraq borders.
Document 8: Philip Watson: Vice Admiral Sir Philip Alexander Watson KBE, LVO (7 October 1919 – 8 December 2009) was an officer of the Royal Navy, rising to the rank of vice-admiral.
Document 9: William John Donaldson: William John Donaldson (born September 24, 1958, in Los Angeles) is an International Master of chess. He has been an IM since 1983. He is also an author, organizer, journalist and chess politician. He was Captain of the US Team in six Chess Olympiads from 1986 to 1996, including the 1986 World Chess Olympiad in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and again at the 1988 Chess Olympiad in Thessaloniki Greece.
Document 10: Duncan Suttles: Duncan Suttles (born 21 December 1945) is a Grandmaster (chess) of chess who was the strongest Canadian player between the eras of Abe Yanofsky and Kevin Spraggett. He is one of the few over-the-board grandmasters who also holds the title of Grandmaster of International Correspondence Chess. Suttles has been inactive in over-the-board play since the mid-1980s. He currently serves with the software firm Magnetar Games, as President and Chief Technologist.
Document 11: History of science: From their beginnings in Sumer (now Iraq) around 3500 BC, the Mesopotamian people began to attempt to record some observations of the world with numerical data. But their observations and measurements were seemingly taken for purposes other than for elucidating scientific laws. A concrete instance of Pythagoras' law was recorded, as early as the 18th century BC: the Mesopotamian cuneiform tablet Plimpton 322 records a number of Pythagorean triplets (3,4,5) (5,12,13). ..., dated 1900 BC, possibly millennia before Pythagoras,  but an abstract formulation of the Pythagorean theorem was not.
Document 12: Ancient Near East: The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, northeastern Syria and Kuwait), ancient Egypt, ancient Iran (Elam, Media, Parthia and Persia), Anatolia / Asia Minor and Armenian Highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and Jordan), Cyprus and the Arabian Peninsula. The ancient Near East is studied in the fields of Near Eastern archaeology and ancient history.
Document 13: William Watson (chess player): William Nicholas Watson (born 18 April 1962 in Baghdad, Iraq) is an English chess player who holds the title Grandmaster.
Document 14: Muslim world: The Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world, starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622. The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad, or 1492 with the completion of the Christian Reconquista of the Emirate of Granada in Al-Andalus, Iberian Peninsula. During the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun ar-Rashid (786 to 809), the legendary House of Wisdom was inaugurated in Baghdad where scholars from various parts of the world sought to translate and gather all the known world's knowledge into Arabic. The Abbasids were influenced by the Quranic injunctions and hadiths, such as "the ink of a scholar is more holy than the blood of a martyr," that stressed the value of knowledge. The major Islamic capital cities of Baghdad, Cairo, and Córdoba became the main intellectual centers for science, philosophy, medicine, and education. During this period, the Muslim world was a collection of cultures; they drew together and advanced the knowledge gained from the ancient Greek, Roman, Persian, Chinese, Indian, Egyptian, and Phoenician civilizations.
Document 15: Michael Wilder: Michael Wilder (born August 17, 1962) is an American chess grandmaster and a J.D graduate of the University of Michigan. FIDE awarded him the grandmaster title in 1988. He won the 1988 U.S. Chess Championship. He also tied for third in the 1987 U.S. Championship and tied for first at the 1987 London Open. Mr. Wilder essentially retired from chess in the late 1980s and is now a practicing attorney. As of March 2007, his FIDE Elo rating is 2540. His current USCF rating, which has not changed since December 1994, is 2601.
ground_truth: Islamic mathematics
sub_queries: William Watson >> place of birth Answer: Baghdad
What subject was studied in Baghdad ? Answer: Islamic mathematics