Question: Term Life  is directed by which American actor, director, and producer, known for his role as Ralphie in the 1983 movie "A Christmas Story" and as "Messy Marvin" in the Hershey's Chocolate Syrup commercials during the 1970s?

full_context: Document 1: Peter Farrelly: Peter John Farrelly (born December 17, 1956) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer and novelist. The Farrelly brothers are mostly famous for directing and producing gross-out humor romantic comedy films such as "Dumb and Dumber", "Shallow Hal", "Me, Myself and Irene", "There's Something About Mary" and the 2007 remake of "The Heartbreak Kid". In addition to his extensive film career, Peter is also an acting board member of the online media company DeskSite.
Document 2: Bob Clark: Benjamin "Bob" Clark (August 5, 1939 – April 4, 2007) was an American actor, director, screenwriter and producer best known for directing and writing the script with Jean Shepherd to the 1983 Christmas film "A Christmas Story". Although he worked primarily in the United States, from 1973 to 1983 he worked in Canada and was responsible for some of the most successful films in Canadian film history such as "Black Christmas" (1974), "Murder by Decree" (1979), "Tribute" (1980), and "Porky's" (1982).
Document 3: Criminal (2016 film): Criminal is a 2016 American action crime thriller drama film directed by Ariel Vromen and written by Douglas Cook and David Weisberg. The film is about a convict who is implanted with a dead CIA agent's memories to finish an assignment. The film stars Kevin Costner, Gary Oldman, and Tommy Lee Jones, in the second collaboration between all three following the 1991 film "JFK". The film also features Alice Eve, Gal Gadot, Michael Pitt, Jordi Mollà, Antje Traue, Scott Adkins, Amaury Nolasco, and Ryan Reynolds.
Document 4: Cell (film): Cell is a 2016 American science fiction horror film based on the 2006 novel of the same name by Stephen King. The film is directed by Tod Williams, produced by John Cusack, with a screenplay by King and Adam Alleca. The film stars Cusack, Samuel L. Jackson, and Isabelle Fuhrman. The film was released on June 10, 2016 to video on demand, prior to a limited release scheduled for July 8, 2016. "Cell" is the second film adaptation of a King story to co-star Cusack and Jackson, after "1408" (2007).
Document 5: Life (2015 film): Life is a 2015 biographical drama film directed by Anton Corbijn and written by Luke Davies. It is based on the friendship of "Life" photographer Dennis Stock and Hollywood actor James Dean, starring Robert Pattinson as Stock and Dane DeHaan as Dean.
Document 6: Term Life: Term Life is a 2016 American action-drama based on the graphic novel of the same name. It is directed by Peter Billingsley from a screenplay by A.J. Lieberman. The film stars Vince Vaughn, who also produces the film, Hailee Steinfeld, Jonathan Banks, Mike Epps, Jordi Molla, Shea Whigham, William Levy, Taraji P. Henson, Annabeth Gish, and Terrence Howard. The film was released on April 29, 2016, in a limited release and through video on demand by Focus World. The film received negative reviews.
Document 7: The Confirmation: The Confirmation is a 2016 Canadian drama film starring Clive Owen, Jaeden Lieberher, and Maria Bello. Written and directed by Bob Nelson, who also produced it with Todd Hoffman, the film concerns a young boy (Lieberher), who tries to reconnect with his divorced father (Owen). The film also co-stars Robert Forster, Tim Blake Nelson, Patton Oswalt and Matthew Modine. It marked the first time Nelson had ever directed a film. "The Confirmation" received a limited release in selected theaters in the United States and on iTunes on March 18, 2016.
Document 8: Little Mikey: Little Mikey was a young fictional boy (played by John Gilchrist) in an American television commercial promoting Quaker Oats' breakfast cereal Life. The ad, created by art director Bob Gage (who also directed the commercial) and copywriter Edyth Vaughn "Edie" Stevenson of the Doyle Dane Bernbach agency, first aired in 1972. The popular ad campaign, featuring Mikey, remained in regular rotation for more than 12 years and ended up as one of the longest continuously running commercial campaigns ever aired.
Document 9: Billy Boyle: Billy Boyle is an Irish actor on British film, television and stage. He is a veteran of the West End stage having played leading roles in over 15 hit shows. In his first West End musical "Maggie May" he was nominated as best newcomer. Gower Champion then chose him to play Barnaby in "Hello Dolly" at The Theatre Royal Drury Lane. He appeared in "Canterbury Tales" at the Phoenix Theatre as The Clerk of Oxford. Harold Hobson, The Times critic said, "He was a breath of fresh air in the West-End". He then went on to play leading roles in "No Sex Please, We're British", "Billy", "What's a Nice Country", "The Rivals", "Love, Lust, & Marriage", "Some Like it Hot", Disney's "Beauty and the Beast", and in the original cast of "Dirty Dancing. Lately he has appeared as Grandpa George" and Grandpa Joe in Charlie and The Chocolate Factory at Drury Lane. In 2016 he was Major Bouvier and Norman Vincent Peale in the smash hit Grey Gardens. He followed this playing Arvide in Guys and Dolls at the Phoenix Theatre in the West End.He has had his own very successful television series in Ireland "It's Billy Boyle" as well as leading roles in "Trail of Guilt", the award-winning "The Grass Arena", "The Bretts", as well as many guest appearances in EastEnders, The Professionals, Coronation Street, Father Ted etc. In the late 1970s, Boyle was cast as 'Ronald McDonald' in the European TV commercials and in all print media for the fast food chain McDonald's. He was the last 'straight man' to Basil Brush on BBC1's "The Basil Brush Show" and later presented a programme, Dance Crazy for ITV, on the history of dance with Lesley Judd. Lately he has been seen in Dirk Gently, for BBC Four and Lead Balloon. His many films include Stanley Kubrick's "Barry Lyndon", "Groupie Girl", "Side by Side", "Shergar", "Wild Geese II", "The Scarlet and the Black", "Round Ireland with a Fridge" and A United Kingdom.
Document 10: Peter Billingsley: Peter Billingsley (born April 16, 1971), also known as Peter Michaelsen and Peter Billingsley-Michaelsen, is an American actor, director, and producer, known for his role as Ralphie in the 1983 movie "A Christmas Story" and as "Messy Marvin" in the Hershey's Chocolate Syrup commercials during the 1970s. He began his career as an infant in television commercials.
Document 11: Bob Clark: Benjamin "Bob" Clark (August 5, 1939 – April 4, 2007) was an American actor, director, screenwriter and producer best known for directing and writing the script with Jean Shepherd to the 1983 Christmas film "A Christmas Story". Although he worked primarily in the United States, from 1973 to 1983 he worked in Canada and was responsible for some of the most successful films in Canadian film history such as "Black Christmas" (1974), "Murder by Decree" (1979), "Tribute" (1980), and "Porky's" (1982).
Document 12: Peter Dinklage on screen and stage: Peter Dinklage is an American actor and producer. Dinklage studied acting at the Bennington College where he starred in a number of amateur stage productions. He made his film debut in the 1995 comedy-drama "Living in Oblivion". After appearing in a series of supporting parts in much of the 1990s and early 2000s, he made his breakthrough by starring in the Tom McCarthy-directed comedy-drama "The Station Agent" (2003), which had him play a railroad-obsessed introvert who inherits an abandoned train depot. He was cast in the role by director Tom McCarthy who recalled fondly his appearance in McCarthy's play "The Killing Act" (1995). For his performance, he received a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for Best Actor and an Independent Spirit Awards nomination for Best Male Lead. In the same year, Dinklage played the title role in the play "Richard III" at The Public Theater. He also played a children's book author in the comedy "Elf". In 2006, he appeared in the Sidney Lumet-directed crime film "Find Me Guilty". He followed with roles in the films "Underdog" (2007), the British film "Death at a Funeral" (2007), with its American remake of the same name (2010) and Trumpkin in the high fantasy film "" (2008).
Document 13: Life (1999 film): Life is a 1999 American comedy-drama film written by Robert Ramsey & Matthew Stone and directed by Ted Demme. The film stars Eddie Murphy and Martin Lawrence. It is the second film that Eddie Murphy and Martin Lawrence have worked on, the first being "Boomerang". The supporting cast includes Obba Babatundé, Bernie Mac, Anthony Anderson, Miguel A. Núñez Jr., Bokeem Woodbine, Guy Torry and Barry Shabaka Henley. The film's format is a story being told by an elderly inmate about two of his friends, who are both wrongly convicted of murder and given a life sentence in prison. The film was the last R-rated role to date for Eddie Murphy, who has stuck mainly to family-friendly films since.
Document 14: Barely Lethal: Barely Lethal is a 2015 American teen independent action comedy film directed by Kyle Newman and written by John D'Arco, starring Hailee Steinfeld, Sophie Turner, Jessica Alba, and Samuel L. Jackson. The film follows a teenage special ops agent (Steinfeld) yearning for a "normal" adolescence who fakes her own death and enrolls as an "exchange" student in a suburban American high school. She quickly learns that surviving the treacherous waters of being a teenager can be more difficult than international espionage.
Document 15: A Christmas Story: A Christmas Story is a 1983 American Metrocolor Christmas comedy film directed by Bob Clark, and based on Jean Shepherd's semi-fictional anecdotes in his 1966 book "", with some elements from his 1971 book "Wanda Hickey's Night of Golden Memories". Now a Christmas season classic in the United States, it is shown numerous times on television, usually on the networks owned by the Turner Broadcasting System. Since 1997, a marathon of the film titled "24 Hours of "A Christmas Story"" has aired annually on TNT and/or TBS, comprising twelve consecutive airings of the film on both Christmas Eve and Christmas Day each year.
ground_truth: Peter Billingsley