Question: Who is older, Fernando Meirelles or John Irvin?

full_context: Document 1: Spy film: The spy film genre deals with the subject of fictional espionage, either in a realistic way (such as the adaptations of John le Carré) or as a basis for fantasy (such as many James Bond films). Many novels in the spy fiction genre have been adapted as films, including works by John Buchan, le Carré, Ian Fleming (Bond) and Len Deighton. It is a significant aspect of British cinema, with leading British directors such as Alfred Hitchcock and Carol Reed making notable contributions and many films set in the British Secret Service.
Document 2: Claudio Miranda: Claudio Miranda (born March 1965 in Valparaíso, Chile) is a Chilean cinematographer best known as the Academy Award-winning director of photography on Ang Lee's film "Life of Pi" and as the director of photography on David Fincher's film "The Curious Case of Benjamin Button", the first entirely digitally filmed movie nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography and an American Society of Cinematographers Award. He is the second Chilean person to win an Academy Award.
Document 3: City of God (2002 film): City of God (Portuguese: "Cidade de Deus" ) is a 2002 Brazilian crime film directed by Fernando Meirelles and co-directed by Kátia Lund, released in its home country in 2002 and worldwide in 2003. The story was adapted by Bráulio Mantovani from the 1997 novel of the same name written by Paulo Lins, but the plot is loosely based on real events. It depicts the growth of organized crime in the Cidade de Deus suburb of Rio de Janeiro, between the end of the 1960s and the beginning of the 1980s, with the closure of the film depicting the war between the drug dealer Li'l Zé and vigilante-turned-criminal Knockout Ned. The tagline is "If you run, the beast catches you; if you stay, the beast eats you", a proverb analogous to the English "Damned if you do, damned if you don't".
Document 4: Judy Irving: Judy Irving is an American filmmaker. She directed the documentary "The Wild Parrots of Telegraph Hill", about writer Mark Bittner's relationship with a flock of wild parrots. The film won the Genesis Award for "Outstanding Documentary Film" in 2005, and is one of the 25 top-grossing theatrical documentaries of all time with over $3 million in box-office receipts. On May 29, 2007, "Parrots" was featured on the PBS series "Independent Lens".
Document 5: Blindness (film): Blindness is a 2008 Brazilian-Canadian film, an adaptation of the 1995 novel of the same name by Portuguese author José Saramago about a society suffering an epidemic of blindness. The film was written by Don McKellar and directed by Fernando Meirelles with Julianne Moore and Mark Ruffalo as the main characters. Saramago originally refused to sell the rights for a film adaptation, but the producers were able to acquire it with the condition that the film would be set in an unnamed and unrecognizable city. "Blindness" premiered as the opening film at the Cannes Film Festival on May 14, 2008, and the film was released in the United States on October 3, 2008.
Document 6: Fernando Fragata: Filmmaker Fernando Fragata started his career in Portugal with the short film Love & Alchemy, which won him several International awards for best short film and best director. His other Portuguese films include the romantic comedy Sweet Nightmare and the critically acclaimed action comedy Chasing Life (Pulsação Zero). In 2004 he wrote and directed the mystery crime The Trunk (Sorte Nula), which became the top grossing Portuguese film of that year. Backlight came in 2010 and again broke box office records in his home country.
Document 7: Irvin Kershner: Irvin Kershner (born Isadore Kershner; April 29, 1923November 27, 2010) was an American actor and director of film and television. He gained notice early in his career as a filmmaker for directing quirky, independent films early in his career, later moving on to films such "The Empire Strikes Back", the James Bond adaptation "Never Say Never Again", and "RoboCop 2".
Document 8: Fernando Meirelles: Fernando Ferreira Meirelles (born November 9, 1955) is a Brazilian film director, producer and screenwriter. His best known film is "City of God", released in 2002 in Brazil and in 2003 in the U.S. by Miramax Films, which received international critical acclaim. For his work in the film, he was eventually nominated for an Academy Award for Best Director. He was also nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Director in 2005 for "The Constant Gardener", which garnered the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress to Rachel Weisz. He also directed the 2008 adaptation of José Saramago's novel "Blindness", and the 2011 film "360".
Document 9: Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (film): Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy is a 2011 Cold War espionage film directed by Tomas Alfredson. The screenplay was written by Bridget O'Connor and Peter Straughan, based on John le Carré's 1974 novel of the same name. The film, starring Gary Oldman as George Smiley, along with Colin Firth, Tom Hardy, John Hurt, Toby Jones, Mark Strong, Benedict Cumberbatch, and Ciarán Hinds, and featuring David Dencik, is set in London in the early 1970s and follows the hunt for a Soviet double agent at the top of the British secret service.
Document 10: John Madden (director): John Philip Madden ( ; born 8 April 1949) is an English director of theatre, film, television, and radio. He is known for directing "Shakespeare in Love" (1998), which won the Academy Award for Best Picture. He has also gained recognition for directing "The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel" (2011) and its sequel "The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel" (2015).
Document 11: John Irvin: John Irvin (born 7 May 1940) is an English film director. Born in Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, he began his career by directing a number of documentaries and television works, including the BBC adaptation of John le Carré's "Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy". He made several Hollywood films in the 1980s including "The Dogs of War" (1980), "Ghost Story" (1981) and "Hamburger Hill" (1987).
Document 12: City of Men: City of Men (Portuguese: "Cidade dos Homens" ) is a Brazilian television programme created by Kátia Lund and Fernando Meirelles, the directors of the film "City of God".
Document 13: John Badham: John MacDonald Badham (born August 25, 1939) is an English-born American director of film and television, best known for the films "Saturday Night Fever" (1977), "Dracula" (1979), "Blue Thunder" (1983), "WarGames" (1983), "Short Circuit" (1986), and "Stakeout" (1987).
Document 14: Daniel Rezende: Daniel Rezende (born 1975) is a Brazilian film editor and director. He won the BAFTA Award for Best Editing for his work on the 2002 film "City of God" and was also nominated for an Academy Award for Best Film Editing for the same film. In a 2003 interview to Channel 4, Rezende has described the editing process of "City of God", saying he tried to "provoke differing sensations in each of the film's phases". In addition to the international nominations and awards received for "City of God", Rezende's editing has frequently been recognized by regional awards in his native Brazil and in Argentina. Rezende has also given a master editing class at the prestigious international film school EICTV in 2011.
Document 15: John Cork: An avid James Bond fan, Cork has produced, written, and directed thirty documentaries along with Bruce Scivally for MGM's releases of the James Bond films on DVD (can be seen on the Ultimate Edition 2 Disc James Bond DVDs). As an author, he and Scivally have written the biographies of Ian Fleming, Cubby Broccoli, and Harry Saltzman. Collectively, they have conducted over one hundred and fifty interviews with the creative talents behind the 007 films. They also contributed to "The Ultimate James Bond: An Interactive Dossier", a CD-ROM for MGM Interactive.
ground_truth: John Irvin