Question: What is the nationality of the singer-songwriter who wrote the poetry collection Early Work ?

full_context: Document 1: Frank Stefanko: Frank Stefanko is a fine art photographer with connections to New Jersey performers Patti Smith and Bruce Springsteen. Stefanko's early photographs, taken in the 1960s through the 1980s, reveal the emerging careers of the two young artists. Frank retains an on-going working relationship with both Springsteen and Smith. Stefanko will be releasing a book in November of 2017, entitled "Bruce Springsteen: Further Up the Road" that chronicles the 40-year working relationship between himself and Bruce Springsteen.
Document 2: What Work Is: What Work Is is a collection of American poetry by Philip Levine. The collection has many themes that are representative of Levine's writing including physical labor, class identity, family relationships and personal loss. Its primary focus on work and the working class led to it being studied with emphasis on Marxist literary criticism. The focus on work is expressed in thematically different ways throughout the collection. Furthermore, much of the collection was shaped by concerns for blue collar workers as well as nationwide political events. Critical acclaim for Levine has also led his poetry, including this collection, to undergo further analysis by critics and students.
Document 3: Patti Kim (singer): Patti Kim Hye-ja (born February 28, 1938 in Seoul, Korea) is a prominent South Korean pop singer. She is commonly referred to as a "Super Star" by Korean media. In 1959, one year after Kim graduated from Seoul Jungang Girls' High School, she debuted as a singer at a stage of the Eighth United States Army. In 1963, as a recommendation by composer, Park Chun-seok, Kim sang "Pledge of Love" ("Sarangui maengse"), an adapted song of "Till" and gained a popularity. In the same year, she got a chance to sing at a stage in Las Vegas, United States. With the collaboration with Gil Ok-yun, a renowned composer and her first husband, Kim announced a lot of hit songs, and albums including ""Sawori gamyeon"" (literally, Once the April is gone), ""Sarangui changa"" (Song in praise of Love), ""Saranghaneun Maria"" (Dear Maria), ""Motiteo"" (Don't forget you) which are still favored by mid aged fans. During the marriage until 1972, they produced about 70 albums, and 500 to 600 songs.
Document 4: The Return of the Rivers: The Return of the Rivers is the first work of poetry released by American writer Richard Brautigan. It was first published in 1957 by Inferno Press. Several of Brautigan's poems had been published as early as 1952, when "The Light" appeared in the "Eugene High School News", but "The Return of the Rivers" was the first formally published on its own. It is a single two-part poem printed on a broadside, wrapped in construction paper, and fitted with a label that had the name of the printer and Brautigan's signature. It was reprinted in the "Berkeley Review", also in 1957, and was included in Brautigan's best known collection, "The Pill Versus the Springhill Mine Disaster". Caroline Bokinsky called the poem "an observation of the external world as a surreal, romanticized setting in which the cycle of life is exemplified in the river, sea, rain, and ocean."
Document 5: The Less Deceived: The Less Deceived, first published in 1955, was Philip Larkin's first mature collection of poetry, having been preceded by the derivative "North Ship" (1945) from The Fortune Press and a privately printed collection, a small pamphlet titled "XX Poems", which Larkin mailed to literary critics and authors. Unfortunately, Larkin was unaware that postal rates had gone up, and most recipients, when asked to pay the difference for delivery of a pamphlet by a little-known writer, turned them away, only around 100 copies were printed.
Document 6: A Useless Death: "A Useless Death" is a poem by Patti Smith, published as a chapbook in 1972.
Document 7: The Collected Essays and Occasional Writings of Katherine Anne Porter: The Collected Essays and Occasional Writings of Katherine Anne Porter
Document 8: Patti Russo: Patricia "Patti" Russo (May 20, 1964, New Jersey) is an American singer/songwriter/actress. She is perhaps best known as Meat Loaf's former female lead vocalist as she toured the world with his band Neverland Express between 1993 and 2013. Since then, she has embarked on a solo career.
Document 9: Patti Smith: Patricia Lee Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, poet, and visual artist who became an influential component of the New York City punk rock movement with her 1975 debut album "Horses".
Document 10: Early Work: Early Work is a poetry collection by Patti Smith, published in 1994.
Document 11: PJ Harvey: Polly Jean Harvey MBE (born 9 October 1969) known as PJ Harvey, is an English musician, singer-songwriter, writer, poet, and composer. Primarily known as a vocalist and guitarist, she is also proficient with a wide range of instruments.
Document 12: The Early Stories: 1953–1975: The Early Stories: 1953–1975, published in 2003 by Knopf, is a John Updike book collecting much of his short stories written from the beginning of his writing career, when he was just 21, until 1975. Only four stories published in this entire time period have been omitted from this collection by John Updike himself: "Intercession" (collected in "The Same Door"), and "The Pro", "One of My Generation", and "God Speaks" (collected in "Museums and Women and Other Stories"). The majority of the stories were originally published in "The New Yorker" magazine. In 2004, the book received the PEN/Faulkner Award for Fiction.
Document 13: Patty Schemel: Patricia Theresa Schemel (born April 24, 1967) is an American drummer and musician who rose to prominence as the drummer of alternative rock band Hole from 1992 until 1998. In 1998, Schemel left Hole, and in the early 2000s reunited with Hole frontwoman Courtney Love during her solo career, and later drummed for Juliette and the Licks. As of 2010, Schemel continues to play music and gives drum lessons, in addition to owning a dog daycare/boarding business. In 2013, Schemel joined the indie rock group Upset, formed by Ali Koehler, previously of Vivian Girls and Best Coast. She also formed a rock and roll band with her brother, Larry Schemel, called Death Valley Girls.
Document 14: Poly Styrene: Marianne Joan Elliott-Said (3 July 1957 – 25 April 2011), known by the stage name Poly Styrene, was a British musician, singer-songwriter, and frontwoman for the punk rock band X-Ray Spex.
Document 15: Auguries of Innocence (poetry collection): Auguries of Innocence is a poetry collection by Patti Smith, published in 2005. This collection of poetry includes exactly twenty-six recent poems penned by the active, contemporary poet. Drawing on some of her many influences such as William Blake and Arthur Rimbaud, Smith's collection here demonstrates over and over again her knack for detail. Obviously William Blake is a dominant influence on the poet herself, since it shares its title, Auguries of Innocence, with one of William Blake's poems. Upon reviewing both collections it is clearly obvious that both collections share more commonalities than just similar titles. One commonality between this collection and that by Blake's, in regard to the content, is that the poems collected here exhibit subtle nods to Blake. For example, in one of her poems, "The Long Road", by the end of the very first verse the reader has already been exposed to such suggestive visuals as the speaker of the poem sleeping in chimneys and chewing on bulbs, as well as the speaker "sweeping time". Such visuals of Smith's conjure up recollections in the seasoned and experienced reader's mind of Blake's "The Chimney Sweeper" and "The Blossom". While the majority of the twenty-six collected poems have some type of stanza-like arrangement the poet also incorporates several free-verse style poems into the collection, such as Mummer Love, Eve of All Saints, Our Jargon Muffles The Drum, and Written By A Lake.
ground_truth: American