Question: What reusable contactless stored value smart card for making electronic payments in online or offline systems in Hong Kong replaced the Common stored value ticket in 1997?

full_context: Document 1: Octopus Holdings Limited: Octopus Holdings Limited () is a holding company based in Hong Kong jointly owned by five major transport companies in the city. Its subsidiaries, which are all wholly owned, operate the various functions of the Octopus card in both its commercial and non-commercial usage. In 2006, the company gained international recognition by winning the Chairman's Award of the World Information Technology and Services Alliance's 2006 Global IT Excellence Award for the Octopus card system.
Document 2: Metrebus Card: The Metrebus Card is a contactless smartcard ticketing system for Rome. It has stored value on a paper ticket for either 1, 3 or 7 days. All three versions of the tickets look the same on the front, but on the back of the ticket the magnetic data printed on the ticket varies depending on which version of the ticket was purchased.
Document 3: ORCA card: The ORCA ("One Regional Card for All") card is a contactless, stored value smart card used for payment of public transport fares in the Puget Sound region of Washington state, United States. ORCA was introduced on a limited basis on April 20, 2009, with a full public launch in June 2009. As of March 2016, an adult ORCA card costs $5, one of the highest prices for a public transportation smart card in the United States.
Document 4: Common stored value ticket: A common stored value ticket was a plastic magnetically sensitive card used for paying fares on the MTR and KCR railway systems in Hong Kong from 1984 to 1999. It was also used on Citybus and Kowloon Motor Bus for some MTR and KCR feeder bus services. The system was replaced by the Octopus card system in 1997 and phased out on 2 January 1999. The MTR and KCR have continued to issue magnetic strip cards for single-journey and souvenir tickets.
Document 5: FeliCa: FeliCa is a contactless RFID smart card system from Sony in Japan, primarily used in electronic money cards. The name stands for "Felicity Card". First utilized in the Octopus card system in Hong Kong, the technology is used in a variety of cards also in countries such as Singapore, Japan and the United States.
Document 6: Breeze Card: The Breeze Card is a stored value smart card that passengers use as part of an automated fare collection system which the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) introduced to the general public in early October 2006. The card automatically debits the cost of the passenger’s ride when placed on or near the Breeze Target at the fare gate. Transit riders are able to add value or time-based passes to the card at Breeze Vending Machines (BVM) located at all MARTA stations. The major phases of MARTA's Breeze transformation took place before July 1, 2007 when customers were still able to purchase TransCards from ridestores or their employers. They were also able to obtain paper transfers from bus drivers to access the train. As of July 1, 2007 the TransCard and the paper transfers were discontinued and patrons now use a Breeze Card or ticket to access the system (except for single bus rides, which can still be paid for in exact change), and all transfers are loaded on the card. Breeze Vending Machines (BVM) distribute regional transit provider passes (providing that the requested system has completed their transformation to the Universal Breeze AFC.) The Breeze Card employs passive RFID technology currently in use in many transit systems around the world.
Document 7: Octopus card: The Octopus card () is a reusable contactless stored value smart card for making electronic payments in online or offline systems in Hong Kong. Launched in September 1997 to collect fares for the territory's mass transit system, the Octopus card system is the second contactless smart card system in the world, after the Korean Upass, and has since grown into a widely used payment system for all public transport in Hong Kong, leading to the development of Oyster Card in London.
Document 8: List of smart cards: Some widely used contactless smart cards include Sydney's Opal Card, London's Oyster card, Hong Kong's Octopus card, Stockholm's Access card, Japan's Suica and Pasmo cards, Manila's Beep cards, ETC Card], Paris' Calypso/Navigo, the Dutch OV-Chipkaart, Toronto's Presto card and Lisbon's LisboaViva card, which predate the ISO/IEC 14443 standard. The following tables list smart cards used for public transport and other electronic purse applications.
Document 9: Nagasaki Smart Card: Nagasaki Smart Card (長崎スマートカード , Nagasaki Sumāto Kādo ) is a contactless smart card system used in Nagasaki, Japan. Its operators are Nagasaki Electric Tramway and six bus companies, namely, Nagasaki Bus, Nagasaki Prefectural Bus, Saihi Bus, Saikai Kōtsū, Sasebo Municipal Bus, and Shimatetsu Bus. The system uses Sony FeliCa technology, the same as that used in the Octopus card in Hong Kong, EZ-Link in Singapore and Suica on JR East.
Document 10: Yikatong: The Beijing Municipal Administration & Communication Card (), more commonly known as the Yikatong (literally One-card pass), is a store-value contactless smart card used in Beijing, China, for public transportation and related uses. It is similar to Hong Kong's Octopus card, Singapore's CEPAS, or the Oyster Card used by Transport for London in London, England.
Document 11: Rabbit Card: The Rabbit Card is a rechargeable contact-less stored value smart card used to transfer electronic payments in systems in Thailand. It was launched in May 2012 to collect fares for the BTS Skytrain and the Bangkok BRT. The card can be recharged at minimum THB100 at a time. It can be recharged at all BTS and BRT ticket offices and most of McDonald's branches in Thailand.
Document 12: OPUS card: OPUS is a rechargeable, contactless stored-value smart card using the Calypso Standard and is used by major public transit operators in Greater Montreal and Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Document 13: Nol Card: The Nol Card is an electronic ticketing card that was released in for all mode of public transport in Dubai services, on August 2009. The word Nol is an Arabic word نول for fare. The Nol Card system was developed by Octopus card Limited.
Document 14: EZ-Link: The EZ-Link card is a contactless smart card based on the Sony FeliCa smart card technology and used for the payment of public transportation fares in Singapore, with limited use in the small payments retail sector. Established in 2001, it was promoted as the means for speedier boarding times on buses. It had a monopoly on public transportation fare payments in Singapore until September 2009, when the NETS FlashPay card, which had a monopoly over Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) toll payments, entered the market for transportation payments (and vice versa). EZ-Link cards are sold, distributed and managed by EZ-Link Pte. Ltd., a subsidiary of Singapore's Land Transport Authority. In September 2009, the new CEPAS EZ-Link card replaced the original EZ-Link card.
Document 15: Contactless payment: Contactless payment systems are credit cards and debit cards, key fobs, smart cards, or other devices, including smartphones and other mobile devices, that use radio-frequency identification (RFID) or near field communication (NFC, e.g. Samsung Pay, Apple Pay, Android Pay, or any bank mobile application that support Contactless) for making secure payments. The embedded chip and antenna enable consumers to wave their card, fob, or handheld device over a reader at the point of sale terminal. Contactless payments are made in close physical proximity, unlike mobile payments which use broad-area cellular or WiFi networks and do not involve close physical proximity.
ground_truth: Octopus card