Question: he term Jew passed into the English language from the Greek "Ioudaios" and Latin "Iudaeus", from which the Old French "giu" was derived after dropping the letter "d", and later after a variety of forms found in early English, that later developed into the English word “Jew.”, and it ultimately originates in the Biblical Hebrew word "Yehudi" meaning "from the Tribe of Judah", which is one of how many, of the Tribes of Israel?

full_context: Document 1: Midian war: The Midian War documented in the Hebrew Bible, Numbers , was intended to exterminate the Midianites, who had "led the people of Israel to sin against God". (However, some Midianites survived well into the days of the Book of Judges.) Moses commanded one thousand males from each of the twelve tribes of Israel to destroy the cities and the warriors of Midian. The "false prophet" Balaam was killed, along with the five Midianite kings.
Document 2: Jabez: Jabez or "Jabes" is a Biblical male given name from the Old Testament. In 1 Chronicles, Jabez is a well-respected man (hinted to be an ancestor in the lineage of the kings' tribe of Judah, though none of his family is mentioned) whose prayer to God for blessing was answered (see 1 Chronicles 4:9-11). The name is Hebrew (yabetz = יַעְבֵּץ) for "he makes sorrowful"; his mother stated "I gave birth to him in pain". Jabez was labelled with "sorrow" at birth, but his prayer against contracting sorrow nullified the label. His life contradicted his name. Jabez's name is also mentioned in 1 Chronicles 2:55, possibly as a place named after him. Jabez possibly could have been a Jewish scribe in his later years. He might have been influential and well respected as a scribe because the city named after him was where the families of scribes lived.
Document 3: Goy: Goy ( , Hebrew: גוי‎ ‎ , regular plural goyim , גוים or גויים ) is the standard Hebrew biblical term for a nation. The word "nation" has been the common translation of the Hebrew "goy" or "ethnos" in the Septuagint, from the earliest English language bibles such as the 1611 King James Version and the 1530 Tyndale Bible, following the Latin Vulgate which used both "gentile" (and cognates) and "nationes". The term "nation" did not have the same political connotations it entails today. The word "Gentile" is a synonym for the Hebrew word "Nokri" (Hebrew: נָכְרִי‎ ‎ ) which signifies "stranger" or "non-Jew".
Document 4: Tetragrammaton: The tetragrammaton ( ; from Greek Τετραγράμματον , meaning "[consisting of] four letters"), in Hebrew and YHWH in Latin script, is the four-letter Biblical name of the God of Israel. The books of the Torah and the rest of the Hebrew Bible (with the exception of Esther, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Songs) contain the Hebrew word . Religiously observant Jews and those who follow conservative Jewish traditions do not pronounce , nor do they read aloud transliterated forms such as "Yahweh"; instead the word is substituted with a different term, whether used to address or to refer to the God of Israel. Common substitutions for Hebrew forms are "hakadosh baruch hu" ("The Holy One, Blessed Be He"), Adonai ("The Lord"), or "HaShem" ("The Name").
Document 5: Judah &amp; the Lion: The band started playing in 2011, playing mostly Christian music. Their debut EP First Fruits was themed around worship. The album was composed of blended folk and bluegrass styles.
Document 6: Tzadik: Tzadik/Zadik/Sadiq ] (Hebrew: צדיק‎ ‎ , "righteous one", pl. "tzadikim" ] צדיקים "ṣadiqim") is a title in Judaism given to people considered righteous, such as Biblical figures and later spiritual masters. The root of the word "ṣadiq", is "ṣ-d-q" (צדק "tzedek"), which means "justice" or "righteousness". The feminine term for a righteous person is "tzadeikes/tzaddeket".
Document 7: Black Hebrew Israelites: Black Hebrew Israelites (also called Black Hebrews, African Hebrew Israelites, and Hebrew Israelites) are groups of African Americans who believe that they are descendants of the ancient Israelites. Black Hebrews adhere in varying degrees to the religious beliefs and practices of both Christianity and Judaism. They are not recognized as Jews by the greater Jewish community. Many choose to identify as Hebrew Israelites or Black Hebrews rather than as Jews to indicate their claimed historic connections.
Document 8: Heeb: Heeb is a Jewish website (and from 2001 to 2010, a quarterly magazine) aimed predominantly at young Jews. The name of the publication is a variation of the ethnic slur "hebe", an abbreviation of Hebrew. However, in this case, the word "heeb" seeks to function as empowerment for the Jewish community, thus eliminating the hatred associated with the word.
Document 9: Machado: Machado is a surname of Portuguese and French origin meaning the word "axe" or "hatchet" dating back to approximately 2nd century Europe. It is commonly found in Portugal, Spain, Brazil, Latin America, and India (southern Tamil Nadu) due to the Portuguese and Spanish colonization during the age of discovery. It's can also be found in Macao, China and several former Portuguese territories in Africa. "Machado" meaning axe. In Aramaic "Makkaba" and Modern Hebrew "Makebet" – also spelled Machabees – it is the surname of Judas Machabee, that was later extended to all the descendants of Matityahu ben Yoḥanan HaKohen, head of the Hasmonean family, who had five sons. Jewish Encyclopedia reveals faithfully five hammers hatchets for this Coat of Arm family’s surname. The surname may be associated with Jewish background as listed in Archivio di Stato di Genova, Comunità Israelitica di Genova. (State Arquives of Genova – Israelite Community of Genova). Jews are attested in Genova since Roman times. Two letters written in the years 507 and 511 by Theodoric, the Ostrogothian king, speak about "jura veterum" (old rights) of the Jews and the right to "rebuild" the roof of the synagogue given to the Jews of Genova. This surname is one of the most frequent found in documents from Genova’s Synagogue (Italy).The Machados in India were populated after the conversion of Paravar race of Tuticorin (District of Tamil Nadu in India) to Catholicism by the Portuguese in the year 1532, a few years after they began trading in India.
Document 10: Hebrew alphabet: The Hebrew alphabet (Hebrew: אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי‎ , "Alefbet Ivri "), known variously by scholars as the Jewish script, square script and block script, is an abjad script used in the writing of the Hebrew language, also adapted as an alphabet script in the writing of other Jewish languages, most notably in Yiddish (lit. "Jewish" for Judeo-German), Djudío (lit. "Jewish" for Judeo-Spanish), and Judeo-Arabic. Historically, there have been two separate abjad scripts to write Hebrew. The original, old Hebrew script, is known as the paleo-Hebrew alphabet (which has been largely preserved, in an altered form, in the Samaritan alphabet), while the present "Jewish script" or "square script" to write Hebrew is a stylized form of the Aramaic alphabet and was known by Jewish sages as the Ashuri alphabet (lit. "Assyrian"), since its origins were alleged to be from Assyria. Various "styles" (in current terms, "fonts") of representation of the Jewish script letters described in this article also exist, as well as a cursive form which has also varied over time and place, and today is referred to as cursive Hebrew. In the remainder of this article, the term "Hebrew alphabet" refers to the Jewish square script unless otherwise indicated.
Document 11: Tribe of Judah (band): Tribe of Judah is Gary Cherone's post-Van Halen band featuring a couple of former members of Extreme (bassist Pat Badger and drummer Mike Mangini). An eponymous EP was released in 2001 and a full-length album was released in late 2002. Tribe of Judah is different from Cherone's other work as it features a more industrial/electronic sound. At least one song, "Left for Dead", was (supposedly) slated to be a track on a follow-up Van Halen album which would have featured Cherone.
Document 12: Jew (word): The term Jew passed into the English language from the Greek "Ioudaios" and Latin "Iudaeus", from which the Old French "giu" was derived after dropping the letter "d", and later after a variety of forms found in early English (from about the year 1000) such as: Iudea, Gyu, Giu, Iuu, Iuw, Iew developed into the English word “Jew.” It thus ultimately originates in the Biblical Hebrew word "Yehudi" meaning "from the Tribe of Judah", "from the Kingdom of Judah", or "Jew". The Jewish ethnonym in Hebrew is , "Yehudim" (plural of , "Yehudi").
Document 13: Kritarchy: Kritarchy is a system of rule by judges (Hebrew: שופטים‎ , "shoftim") in the tribal confederacy of ancient Israel during the period of time described in the Book of Judges, following Joshua's conquest of Canaan and prior to the united monarchy under Saul.
Document 14: Tribe of Judah: According to the Hebrew Bible, the Tribe of Judah () was one of the twelve Tribes of Israel.
Document 15: Simeon (son of Jacob): According to the Book of Genesis, Simeon () was, the second son of Jacob and Leah, and the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Simeon. However, some Biblical scholars view this as postdiction, an eponymous metaphor providing an etiology of the connectedness of the tribe to others in the Israelite confederation. With Leah as a matriarch, Biblical scholars regard the tribe as having been believed by the text's authors to have been part of the original Israelite confederation, however, the tribe is absent from the parts of the Bible which textual scholars regard as the oldest (for example, the ancient Song of Deborah), and some scholars think that Simeon was not originally regarded as a distinct tribe.
ground_truth: twelve