Question: John Spalvins, born Janis Gunnars Spalvins, in 1936, in Latvia, was Managing Director of the Adelaide Steamship Company from 1977 until the company's collapse in 1991, it was formed by a group of South Australian businessmen in which year?

full_context: Document 1: Adelaide Steamship Company: The Adelaide Steamship Company was formed by a group of South Australian businessmen in 1875. Their aim was to control the transport of goods between Adelaide and Melbourne and profit from the need for an efficient and comfortable passenger service. For the first 100 years of its life, the main activities of the company were conventional shipping operations on the Australian coast, primary products, consumer cargoes and extensive passenger services.
Document 2: John Martin &amp; Co.: John Martin & Co. Ltd, colloquially known as John Martin's or simply Johnnies, was an Adelaide-based company which ran a popular chain of department stores in South Australia. It operated for more than 130 years, from 1866 until its closure in 1998. Johnnies, owned by the prominent Hayward family for the majority of its existence, became an Adelaide icon, responsible for the famous Adelaide Christmas Pageant.
Document 3: Union Steamship Company of British Columbia: The Union Steamship Company of British Columbia was a pioneer firm on coastal British Columbia. It was founded in November 1889 by John Darling, a director of the Union Steamship Company of New Zealand, and nine local businessmen. The company began by offering local service on Burrard Inlet near Vancouver and later expanded to servicing the entire British Columbia coast. Initially a cross-harbour service with the steamers "Senator" and "Lonsdale", the line was asked to take on more roles, calling in at Howe Sound, Gibsons Landing, and various logging camps and sawmills. The demand outstripped the availability of vessels.
Document 4: The Overland: The Overland is an Australian passenger train service between Melbourne and Adelaide. It first ran in 1887 as the "Adelaide Express", but South Australians have always referred to the train as the "Melbourne Express". It was given its current name in 1926. Now operated by private company Great Southern Rail, the train completes two return trips a week covering 828 kilometres between the state capitals. Originally an overnight train, it now operates during the day.
Document 5: Alaska Steamship Company: The Alaska Steamship Company was formed on August 3, 1894. While it originally set out to ship passengers and fishing products, the Alaska Steamship Company began shipping mining equipment, dog sleds, and cattle at the outbreak of the Klondike Gold Rush of 1897. The company was purchased by the Alaska Syndicate and merged with the Northwestern Steamship Company in 1909, but retained its name, and the fleet was expanded to 18 ships. During World War II, the government took over the company's ships. When the war ended, the company struggled to compete with the new Alaska Highway for passengers and freight. It discontinued passenger service altogether in 1954 and shut down operations in 1971.
Document 6: Pacific Steamship Company: The Pacific Steamship Company was an American freight and passenger shipping company that operated between 1916 and 1936. The company was formed by the merger of the Pacific Coast Steamship Company and the Pacific-Alaska Navigation Company and was a direct competitor to the Alaska Steamship Company in the Alaska-Seattle shipping business.
Document 7: Edward I. Schalon: Edward Irvin Schalon (February 27, 1920 – December 27, 2008) was a corporate executive who served as the chairman of the board and chief executive officer of SPX Corporation, a Fortune 500 global company. He was also a Naval pilot in World War II and a champion golfer who won two Big Ten Conference individual championships while a student at the University of Michigan. He was also a benefactor of Grand Valley State University and has been inducted into the Grand Valley Hall of Fame, as well as the University of Michigan Athletic Hall of Honor.
Document 8: John Spalvins: John Spalvins, born Janis Gunnars Spalvins, in 1936, in Latvia, was Managing Director of the Adelaide Steamship Company from 1977 until the company's collapse in 1991. During this period under Spalvins' control, "AdSteam" became Australia's major corporate entity with interests and significant holdings in retailing, food, wine, dairy, hardware, building, banks, and numerous other companies. "Spalvins built up one of Australia's largest industrial conglomerates, which took in David Jones, Woolworths, Metro Meat, food company Petersville Sleigh, beer and wine company Tooth & Co, as well as a tugboat business, before it was put into receivership in 1991."
Document 9: Melstacorp: Melstacorp PLC is a Sri Lankan diversified conglomerate listed in the Colombo Stock Exchange. Melstacorp PLC is one of the 10 largest listed companies in the Colombo Stock Exchange with a market capitalisation of approximately USD 450 million. Melstacorp subsidiaries are involved in wide range of industries such as liquor manufacture and distribution, Leasing, Insurance, logistics, ICT, Telecommunications, Energy, Tea and Rubber Plantations, Hospitality, Property Development, Brand Management, and in Advertising. It is the holding company of Distilleries Company of Sri Lanka PLC. In addition to Distilleries Company of Sri Lanka PLC Melstacorp PLC also owns Periceyl Private Limited (100%), Milford Holdings (Private) Limited (100%), Aitken Spence & Co. PLC (45%), Melsta Logistics (Private) Limited (100%), Melsta Technologies (Private) Limited (100%), Melsta Properties (Private) Limited (100%), Melsta Brands (Private) Limited (100%), Melsta Regal Finance Limited (100%), Belvantage (Private) Limited (100%), Continental Insurance Lanka Limited (100%), Splendor Media (Private) Limited (100%), Bogo Power (Private) Limited (98%), Balangoda Plantations PLC (43%), Madulsima Plantations PLC (45.9%), Browns Beach Hotels PLC (42%), Melsta Tower (Private) Limited (100%) and Lanka Bell Limited.
Document 10: Jasol Chemical Products: Jasol Chemical Products was a chemicals manufacturing company founded in Adelaide, South Australia by Charles George Johnson in 1934. It was well known in that state and Western Australia for its cleaning products and disinfectants, notably Jasol B. The brand is now owned by George Weston Foods. The name "Jasol" was an acronym of "Johnson's Antiseptic Soluble Oils Limited".
Document 11: Pacific Coast Steamship Company: The Pacific Coast Steamship Company was an important early shipping company that operated steamships on the west coast of North America. Organized in 1867 under the name of Goodall, Nelson and Perkins the company. The Goodall, Nelson & Perkins Steamship Company was formed in 1875, but a year later reorganized as the Pacific Coast Steamship Company. In 1916 the Admiral Line bought the shipping interests of the company.
Document 12: Ocean Steam Navigation Company: The Ocean Steam Navigation Company (OSNC or Bremen Line) was a shipping company founded in 1847 in New York City by Edward Mills. It was the first company to be awarded a contract by the US government for the oceanic transportation of mail. In addition to the US contract, the company was partially subsidized by the Prussian government with the intention of increasing trade with the US out of the port of Bremen, hence the name Bremen Line. The line began operations in June 1847 with the steamship "Washington", which completed her first eastbound voyage on June 15 and was joined by a sister ship, "Hermann". Both vessels were slower than those operated by the Cunard Line, and the government revoked its contract with Oceanic by the end of 1847; it was later awarded to the Collins Line."Washington" and "Hermann" both suffered mechanical difficulties, and Mills parted ways acrimoniously with the company—after giving control to investors but staying on as a manager, he tried to begin a competing line and was then fired from Oceanic. Both the company's vessels rebuilt with improved propulsion systems in the early 1850s, but they remained slower than the competition. After a brief upturn in business in 1855 when Cunard ships were chartered by the British government to serve in the Crimean War, competition returned to the North Atlantic the following year, as Cunard resumed service and German companies Hamburg America Line and Norddeutscher Lloyd began transatlantic crossings from German ports. In July 1857, after losing its remaining US mail contract for traffic to Germany, Oceanic ceased operations.
Document 13: Adelaide Steamship House: The Adelaide Steamship House is located at 10-12 Mouat Street, Fremantle. Built in 1900, the building was designed by Fremantle based architectural firm Charles Oldham and Herbert Eales and was constructed by C. Coghill. The building takes its name from the original owners of the building, the Adelaide Steamship Company, who provided sea passenger and freight services around Australia.
Document 14: Visy Industries: Visy Industries was established in Melbourne, Australia in 1948 and has since grown to become one of the world’s largest privately owned paper, packaging and recycling companies. Today, Visy employs more than 9500 people in Australia and the United States (where it is known as Pratt Industries USA), with total sales exceeding more than $5 billion. Visy was owned by Richard Pratt until his death on 28 April 2009. when his son Anthony Pratt assumed the role of Executive Chairman. He has also presided over a major expansion into the Asian packaging market and moved to position Visy as a key player in food security for the region.
Document 15: Spar (retailer): Spar, trademarked as SPAR, is a Dutch multinational retail chain and franchise brand with approximately 12,500 stores in 42 countries worldwide. It was founded in 1932 by Adriaan van Well. Through its affiliate organisations, Spar operates in most European countries, parts of Africa, Asia and Oceania. Its headquarters are in Amsterdam.
ground_truth: 1875