Question: Uksuum Cauyai: Drums of Winter, also referred to only as "Drums of Winter," released in which year, is an ethnographic documentary on the culture of the Yup'ik people in Emmonak, a village on the shore of the Bering Sea?

full_context: Document 1: Uu-a-thluk: Uu-a-thluk means "taking care of" in the Nuu-chah-nulth language spoken on the west coast of Vancouver Island and is the Nuu-chah-nulth aquatic management organization. This organization was established with financial support from the federal government in recognition of the need to manage aquatic resources wisely together with the many sectors and interests working in the area. The philosophy that drives the organization is the idea that working cooperatively with other governments, communities and individuals is required to achieve sustainable and fruitful management (Uu-a-thluk, 2008a).
Document 2: Yupiit Piciryarait Cultural Center: The Yupiit Piciryarait Cultural Center (YPCC), also known as "Yupiit Piciryarait Cultural Center and Museum", formerly known as the "Yup'ik Museum, Library, and Multipurpose Cultural Center" (or "Facility"), is a non-profit cultural center of the Yup'ik (and sometimes Alaskan Athabaskan of the region) culture centrally located in Bethel, Alaska near the University of Alaska Fairbanks' Kuskokwim Campus and city offices. The center is a unique facility that combines a museum, a library, and multi-purpose cultural activity center including performing arts space, for cultural gatherings, feasts, celebrations, meetings and classes. and that celebrates the Yup'ik culture and serves as a regional cultural center for Southwest Alaska. The name of "Yupiit Piciryarait" means "Yup'iks' customs" in Yup'ik language and derived from "piciryaraq" meaning "manner; custom; habit; tradition; way of life" Construction of this cultural facility was completed in 1995, funded through a State appropriation of federal funds. Total cost for construction was $6.15 million. The center was jointly sponsored by the Association of Village Council Presidents (AVCP) and the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) and at the present the center operated by the UAF's Kuskokwim Campus, AVCP and City of Bethel. The building houses three community resources: the Consortium Library, the Yup'ik Museum, and the Multi-purpose room or auditorium. The mission of the center is promote, preserve and develop the traditions of the Yup'ik through traditional and non-traditional art forms of the Alaska Native art, including arts and crafts, performance arts, education, and Yup'ik language. The center also supports local artists and entrepreneurs.
Document 3: Indigenous peoples of Yukon: The indigenous peoples of Yukon were the sole inhabitants of the Arctic coastal territories prior to arrival of Europeans. The indigenous people of Yukon are part of the Aboriginal people of Canada. Traditionally, the Yukon indigenous peoples are hunters and gatherers with close connections to the land, the rivers and the seasons. Their history is recorded and passed down generations in an oral tradition. European contact brought many changes to the indigenous people of Yukon including land loss and non-traditional governance and education. However, the Yukon indigenous peoples continue their connections with the land in seasonal wage labour such as fishing and trapping. In Yukon First Nation organisations the people are aim for maintenance and development of indigenous education, language, culture, spirituality and Aboriginal rights.
Document 4: Yup'ik doll: Yup'ik doll (Yup'ik "yugaq" "yugak" "yugat" or "yuguaq", "irniaruaq", "irnianguaq", "inuguaq"; also, "yunguaq" in Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect, "sugaq", "sugaruaq", "suguaq" in Bristol Bay dialect, "cugaq", "cugaruaq" in Hooper Bay-Chevak dialect, "cuucunguar" in Nunivak dialect) is a traditional Eskimo style doll and figurine form made in the southwestern Alaska by Yup'ik people. Also known as Cup'ik doll for the Chevak Cup'ik dialect speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig doll for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect speaking Eskimos of Nunivak Island. Typically, Yup'ik dolls are dressed in traditional Eskimo style Yup'ik clothing (as "irniaruam atkua" "doll parka"), intended to protect the wearer from cold weather, and are often made from traditional materials obtained through food gathering. Play dolls from the Yup'ik area were made of wood, bone, or walrus ivory and measured from one to twelve inches in height or more. Male and female dolls were often distinguished anatomically and can be told apart by the addition of ivory labrets for males and chin tattooing for females. The information about play dolls within Alaska Native cultures is sporadic. As is so often the case in early museum collections, it is difficult to distinguish dolls made for play from those made for ritual. There were always five dolls making up a family: a father, a mother, a son, a daughter, and a baby. Some human figurines were used by shamans.
Document 5: Inupiaq language: Inupiaq , Inupiat or Alaskan Inuit, is a group of dialects of the Inuit languages, spoken by the Inupiat people in northern and northwestern Alaska, and part of the Northwest Territories. The Inupiat language is a member of the Inuit-Yupik-Unangan language family, and is closely related to Inuit languages of Canada and Greenland. There are roughly 2,000 speakers. Inupiaq is an official language of the State of Alaska.
Document 6: Yup'ik dancing: Yup'ik dancing (or dance) or Yuraq, also Yuraqing (Yup'ik "yuraq" /juʁaq/ "yurak" "yurat" ) is a traditional Eskimo style dancing form usually performed to songs in Yup'ik, with dances choreographed for specific songs which the Yup'ik people of southwestern Alaska. Also known as Cup'ik dance for the Chevak Cup'ik dialect speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig dance for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect speaking Eskimos of Nunivak Island. Yup'ik dancing is set up in a very specific and cultural format. Typically, the men are in the front, kneeling and the women stand in the back. The drummers are in the very back of the dance group. Dance is the heart of Yup’ik spiritual and social life. Every song has a story behind it and some songs is either about hunting or berry picking. Some songs could be about sports or other things that don't really relate to hunting. Traditional dancing in the qasgiq is a communal activity in Yup’ik tradition. The mask ("kegginaquq") was a central element in Yup'ik ceremonial dancing.
Document 7: Yup'ik masks: Yup'ik masks (Yup'ik "kegginaquq" "kegginaquk" "kegginaqut" and "nepcetaq" "nepcetat" ; in the Lower Yukon dialects "avangcaq" "avangcak" "avangcat" ; in Nunivak Cup'ig dialect "agayu") are expressive shamanic ritual masks made by the Yup'ik people of southwestern Alaska. Also known as Cup'ik masks for the Chevak Cup'ik dialect speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig masks for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect speaking Eskimos of Nunivak Island. One of their most popular forms of the Alaska Native art are masks. The Yup'ik masks vary enormously but are characterised by great invention. They are typically made of wood, and painted with few colors. The Yup'ik masks were carved by men or women, but mainly were carved by the men. The shamans ("angalkuq") were the ones that told the carvers how to make the masks. Yup'ik masks could be small three-inch finger masks or maskettes (or "dance fans", in the Lower Yukon Yup'ik dialects "tegumiaq" "tegumiak" "tegumiat" ), but also ten-kilo masks hung from the ceiling or carried by several people. These masks are used to bring the person wearing it luck and good fortune in hunts. Over the long winter darkness dances and storytelling took place in the qasgiq using these masks. They most often create masks for ceremonies but the masks are traditionally destroyed after being used. After Christian contact in the late nineteenth century, masked dancing was suppressed, and today it is not practiced as it was before in the Yup'ik villages.
Document 8: Yup'ik cuisine: Yup'ik cuisine ("Yupiit neqait" in Yup'ik language, literally "Yup'iks' foods" or "Yup'iks' fishes") refers to the Eskimo style traditional subsistence food and cuisine of the Yup'ik people from the western and southwestern Alaska. Also known as Cup'ik cuisine for the Chevak Cup'ik dialect speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig cuisine for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect speaking Eskimos of Nunivak Island. This cuisine is traditionally based on meat from fish, birds, sea and land mammals, and normally contains high levels of protein. Subsistence foods are generally considered by many to be nutritionally superior superfoods. Yup’ik diet is different from Alaskan Inupiat, Canadian Inuit, and Greenlandic diets. Fish as food (especially Salmonidae species, such as salmon and whitefish) are primary food for Yup'ik Eskimos. Both food and fish called "neqa" in Yup'ik. Food preparation techniques are fermentation and cooking, also uncooked raw. Cooking methods are baking, roasting, barbecuing, frying, smoking, boiling, and steaming. Food preservation methods are mostly drying and less often frozen. Dried fish is usually eaten with seal oil. The ulu or fan-shaped knife used for cutting up fish, meat, food, and such.
Document 9: Niillas Somby: In 1999, a documentary film directed by Paul-Anders Simma was produced called "Give Us Our Skeletons" which describe Niillas' quest to retrieved the head of his ancestor Mons Somby and Aslak Hætta from the University of Oslo in Norway.
Document 10: Drums of Winter: Uksuum Cauyai: Drums of Winter, also referred to only as "Drums of Winter," is an 1988 ethnographic documentary on the culture of the Yup'ik people in Emmonak, a village on the shore of the Bering Sea. The film follows the Yup'ik people in an attempt to capture what remains of their traditional dances and the potlatchceremony.  There is an atmosphere of a people losing touch with it's traditions after many years of religious and government intervention. The film was produced through a "community-collaborative process" in which the subjects of the documentary had significant input as to the film's content and presentation. As a result, the film features conversations with individual Yup'ik in place of "the voice-over commentary by an unseen narrator that destroys the cinematic integrity of so many so-called ethnographic films".
Document 11: Yup'ik language: Central Alaskan Yup'ik or just Yup'ik (also called Yupik, Central Yupik,<ref name="ISO 639-3/RA"> </ref> or indigenously Yugtun) is one of the languages of the Yupik family, in turn a member of the Eskimo–Aleut language group, spoken in western and southwestern Alaska. Both in ethnic population and in number of speakers, Central Alaskan Yup'ik is the largest of the languages spoken by Alaska Natives. As of 2010 it was also the second largest aboriginal language in the United States in terms of numbers of speakers. Yup'ik should not be confused with the related language Central Siberian Yupik spoken in Chukotka and St. Lawrence Island.
Document 12: Alutiiq Museum: The Alutiiq Museum or Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository is a non-profit museum and cultural center dedicated to preserving and sharing the cultural traditions of the Koniag Alutiiq branch of Sugpiaq ~ Alutiiq of the Alaska Native people. The museum is a state-of-the-art facility and is located on the first floor of the "Alutiiq Center" of Kodiak, Alaska. Alutiiq Museum is one of three museums in Kodiak. The museum is the seventh museum in Alaska and the second "tribal museum" in the United States to be accredited. The museum provides tours of its exhibits, laboratory and collections storage facilities to educational groups. The museum will accept materials relevant to the prehistoric, historic, and contemporary cultural history of the Native peoples who settled the Koniag Alutiiq Nation. Such materials include, but are not limited to, archaeological, ethnological, photographic, film, audio, archival, and natural history specimens. This cultural center features a gallery, storage for more than 190,000 local artifacts, including faunal materials, ethnobotanical samples, sediment samples, field notes, photographs, and maps and a research laboratory. The Alutiiq Museum is a small repository, but we care for a very large collection with nearly 250,000 items. As a newly founded institution, the Alutiiq Museum sought to develop its policies and practices in professional ways. The Alutiiq Museum also uses its collections for community-building among the Alutiiq. The Alutiiq Museum is supported and governed by the Alutiiq Heritage Foundation and is dedicated to preserving and sharing Alutiiq heritage.
Document 13: Yup'ik: The Yup'ik or Yupiaq (sg & pl) and Yupiit or Yupiat (pl), also Central Alaskan Yup'ik, Central Yup'ik, Alaskan Yup'ik (own name "Yup'ik" "Yupiik" "Yupiit" ), are an Eskimo people of western and southwestern Alaska ranging from southern Norton Sound southwards along the coast of the Bering Sea on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta (including living on Nelson and Nunivak Islands) and along the northern coast of Bristol Bay as far east as Nushagak Bay and the northern Alaska Peninsula at Naknek River and Egegik Bay. They are also known as Cup'ik by the Chevak Cup'ik dialect-speaking Eskimos of Chevak and Cup'ig for the Nunivak Cup'ig dialect-speaking Eskimo of Nunivak Island.
Document 14: Yup'ik clothing: Yup'ik clothing (Yup'ik "aturaq" "aturak" "aturat" , "aklu", "akluq", "un’u" ; also, "piluguk" in Unaliq-Pastuliq dialect, "aklu", "cangssagar", "un’u" in Nunivak dialect) refers to the traditional Eskimo-style clothing worn by the Yupik people of southwestern Alaska. Also known as Cup'ik clothing for the Chevak Cup'ik-speaking people of Chevak and Cup'ig clothing for the Nunivak Cup'ig-speaking peopple of Nunivak Island.
Document 15: Shamanism among Alaska Natives: Alaskan Natives have a special connection to the land around them, and a kinship with the animals with whom they share that land. Before the introduction of western culture and the religions that are now practiced in Alaska, there was a common spiritual connection made with the people to the land they occupied. The most common name for this connection is shamanism. Shamanism differs in every culture where it is practiced, in Alaska it is centered in the animals that are common in the area. Through the use of many myths, stories, and ceremonies these animals are personified and their spirits made tangible and in turn are deeply woven within the Native Alaskan people today. It was through the shaman that the spirit world was connected to the natural world. A shaman in Alaskan Native culture was a mediator, healer and the spirit worlds’ mouthpiece. Although shamanism is no longer popularly practiced, it was and continues, to be the heart of the Native Alaskan people.
ground_truth: 1988