Question: Who wrote the biography of American poet Ralph Waldo Emerson?

full_context: Document 1: Ralph Waldo Emerson: Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803 – April 27, 1882) was an American essayist, lecturer, and poet who led the transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society, and he disseminated his thoughts through dozens of published essays and more than 1,500 public lectures across the United States.
Document 2: Ralph Waldo Emerson House: The Ralph Waldo Emerson House is a house museum located at 18 Cambridge Turnpike, Concord, Massachusetts, and a National Historic Landmark for its associations with American philosopher Ralph Waldo Emerson. He and his family named the home Bush. The museum is open mid-April to mid-October; an admission fee is charged.
Document 3: James Boswell: James Boswell, 9th Laird of Auchinleck ( ; 29 October 1740 – 19 May 1795), was a Scottish biographer and diarist, born in Edinburgh. He is best known for the biography he wrote of one of his contemporaries, the English literary figure Samuel Johnson, which is commonly said to be the greatest biography written in the English language.
Document 4: Isaac Alexander: Isaac Alexander was a German author. He lived in South Germany in the second half of the 18th century, and wrote on philosophical subjects from a rationalistic point of view. His works include: "Von dem Dasein Gottes, die Selbstredende Vernunft," Ratisbon, 1775; "Anmerkungen über die Erste Geschichte der Menschheit nach dem Zeugnisse Mosis," Nuremberg, 1782; "Vereinigung der Mosaischen Gesetze mit dem Talmud," Ratisbon, 1786; "Einheitsgedichte," a German translation of the "Shir ha-Yiḥud," Ratisbon, 1788; "Abhandlung von der Freiheit des Menschen," and "Kleine Schriften," Ratisbon, 1789.
Document 5: Henry David Thoreau: Henry David Thoreau (see name pronunciation; July 12, 1817 – May 6, 1862) was an American essayist, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, and historian. A leading transcendentalist, Thoreau is best known for his book "Walden", a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay "Civil Disobedience" (originally published as "Resistance to Civil Government"), an argument for disobedience to an unjust state.
Document 6: Mary Moody Emerson: Mary Moody Emerson (August 23, 1774 - May 1, 1863) was known not only as her nephew Ralph Waldo Emerson’s “earliest and best teacher,” but also as a “spirited and original genius in her own right” (Richardson on back cover of "Origins"). Ralph Waldo Emerson considered her presence in his life a “blessing which nothing else in education could supply” (Emerson "Lectures" 432); and her vast body of writing—her thousands of letters and journal entries spanning more than fifty years—“became one of Emerson’s most important books” (Richardson 25). Her surviving documents reveal the voice of a “woman who […] had something to say to her contemporaries and who can continue to speak to ours” about “the great truths that were the object of her life’s pilgrimage” (Cole "Origins" xl, xxvii).
Document 7: Walking (Thoreau): Walking, or sometimes referred to as "The Wild", is a lecture by Henry David Thoreau first delivered at the Concord Lyceum on April 23, 1851. It was written between 1851 and 1860, but parts were extracted from his earlier journals. Thoreau read the piece a total of ten times, more than any other of his lectures. "Walking" was first published as an essay in the "Atlantic Monthly" after his death in 1862. He considered it one of his seminal works, so much so, that he once wrote of the lecture, "I regard this as a sort of introduction to all that I may write hereafter." Walking is a Transcendental essay in which Thoreau talks about the importance of nature to mankind, and how people cannot survive without nature, physically, mentally, and spiritually, yet we seem to be spending more and more time entrenched by society. For Thoreau walking is a self-reflective spiritual act that occurs only when you are away from society, that allows you to learn about who you are, and find other aspects of yourself that have been chipped away by society. "Walking" is an important canon in the transcendental movement that would lay the foundation for his best known work, "Walden". Along with Ralph Waldo Emerson's "Nature", and George Perkins Marsh's "Man and Nature", it has become one of the most important essays in the environmental movement.
Document 8: Transcendentalism: Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern United States. It arose as a reaction to or protest against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality at the time. The doctrine of the Unitarian church as taught at Harvard Divinity School was of particular interest.
Document 9: Iain Gale: Iain Gale is a journalist and author born in 1959, who writes military novels. His book "Four Days in June", about the Battle of Waterloo, was well received and acclaimed by Bernard Cornwell. He is also the writer of eleven non-fiction books.
Document 10: Edward Alexander (professor): Edward Alexander (born 1936) is an American essayist and professor emeritus of English at the University of Washington. He has focused his research on literary figures such as John Stuart Mill, Matthew Arnold, John Morley, John Ruskin, Isaac Bashevis Singer, Lionel Trilling, Irving Howe, and Robert B. Heilman; and has authored books about Jewish history, Zionism, and antisemitism.
Document 11: Alexander Broadie: Alexander Broadie {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'FRSE', '4': "} (born 18 October 1942, in Edinburgh) is a Scottish historian of philosophy, specialising in the fields of medieval philosophy and the philosophy of the Enlightenment. He was the first Henry Duncan Prize lecturer in Scottish Studies at the Royal Society of Edinburgh (1990–1993) and was the Gifford Lecturer in Natural Theology at Aberdeen University in 1994. Broadie was a very popular lecturer amongst the students at the University of Glasgow. His modules that he taught included the European Enlightenment, the Scottish Enlightenment and the medieval theories of the just war.
Document 12: Emerson Community Charter School: Ralph Waldo Emerson Community Charter School (formerly Ralph Waldo Emerson Middle School and commonly referred to as Emerson) is a charter middle school in the Los Angeles Unified School District in Westwood, Los Angeles, California, United States. It was designed by famed architect Richard Neutra and was named in honor of Ralph Waldo Emerson, the American author, poet, and philosopher.
Document 13: William Henry Ireland: William Henry Ireland (1775–1835) was an English forger of would-be Shakespearean documents and plays. He is less well known as a poet, writer of gothic novels and histories. Although he was apparently christened William-Henry, he was known as Samuel through much of his life (apparently after a brother who died in childhood), and many sources list his name as Samuel William Henry Ireland.
Document 14: Tales of a Traveller: Tales of a Traveller, by Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (1824) is a collection of essays and short stories composed by Washington Irving while he was living in Europe, primarily in Germany and Paris. The collection was published using Irving's pseudonym, Geoffrey Crayon.
Document 15: Alexander Ireland (journalist): Alexander Ireland (1810–1894) was a Scottish journalist, man of letters, and bibliophile, notable as a biographer of Ralph Waldo Emerson as well as a friend of Emerson and other literary celebrities, including Leigh Hunt and Thomas Carlyle, as well as the geologist and scientific speculator Robert Chambers. His own most popular book was "The Book-Lover's Enchiridion", published under a pseudonym in 1882.
ground_truth: Alexander Ireland (1810–1894) was a Scottish journalist, man of letters, and bibliophile, notable as a biographer of Ralph Waldo Emerson