Question: Pygmalion is a play named after a Greek mythological figure, by which Irish playwright, critic and polemicist whose influence on Western theatre, culture and politics extended from the 1880s to his death and beyond?

full_context: Document 1: Oscar Wilde: Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 185430 November 1900) was a prolific Irish writer who wrote plays, fiction, essays, and poetry. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. He is best remembered for his epigrams and plays, the novel "The Picture of Dorian Gray", as well as the circumstances of his imprisonment and early death.
Document 2: Gina Gionfriddo: Gina Gionfriddo is an American playwright and television writer. Her play "Becky Shaw" was a 2009 finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Drama, and her play "Rapture, Blister, Burn" was a 2013 finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for Drama. She has written for the television series
Document 3: Irwin Shaw: Irwin Shaw (February 27, 1913 – May 16, 1984) was an American playwright, screenwriter, novelist, and short-story author whose written works have sold more than 14 million copies. He is best known for two of his novels: "The Young Lions" (1948), about the fate of three soldiers during World War II, made into a film of the same name starring Marlon Brando and Montgomery Clift, and "Rich Man, Poor Man" (1970), about the fate of three siblings after World War II, that was made into a popular miniseries starring Nick Nolte. Though Shaw's work received widespread critical acclaim, the success of his commercial fiction ultimately diminished his literary reputation.
Document 4: Pygmalion (play): Pygmalion is a play by George Bernard Shaw, named after a Greek mythological figure. It was first presented on stage to the public in 1913.
Document 5: Great Catherine: Whom Glory Still Adores: Great Catherine: Whom Glory Still Adores is a 1913 one-act play by Irish dramatist George Bernard Shaw. It was written between two of his other 1913 plays, "Pygmalion" and "The Music Cure". It tells the story of a prim British visitor to the court of the sexually uninhibited Catherine the Great of Russia.
Document 6: Mrs. Warren's Profession: Mrs. Warren's Profession is a play written by George Bernard Shaw in 1893, and first performed in London in 1902. The play is about a former prostitute, now a madam (brothel proprietor), who attempts to come to terms with her disapproving daughter. It is a problem play, offering social commentary to illustrate Shaw's belief that the act of prostitution was not caused by moral failure but by economic necessity. Elements of the play were borrowed from Shaw's 1882 novel "Cashel Byron's Profession", about a man who becomes a boxer due to limited employment opportunities.
Document 7: Peer Gynt: Peer Gynt ( ; ] ) is a five-act play in verse by the Norwegian dramatist Henrik Ibsen published in 1867. It was illustrated by Arthur Rackham as a children's book in 1936. Written in Danish—the common written language of Denmark and Norway in Ibsen's lifetime—it is one of the most widely performed Norwegian plays. Ibsen believed "Per Gynt", the Norwegian fairy tale on which the play is loosely based, to be rooted in fact, and several of the characters are modelled after Ibsen's own family, notably his parents Knud Ibsen and Marichen Altenburg. He was also generally inspired by Peter Christen Asbjørnsen's collection of Norwegian fairy tales, published in 1845 ("Huldre-Eventyr og Folkesagn").
Document 8: The Importance of Being Earnest: The Importance of Being Earnest, A Trivial Comedy for Serious People is a play by Oscar Wilde. First performed on 14 February 1895 at the St James's Theatre in London, it is a farcical comedy in which the protagonists maintain fictitious personæ to escape burdensome social obligations. Working within the social conventions of late Victorian London, the play's major themes are the triviality with which it treats institutions as serious as marriage, and the resulting satire of Victorian ways. Contemporary reviews all praised the play's humour, though some were cautious about its explicit lack of social messages, while others foresaw the modern consensus that it was the culmination of Wilde's artistic career so far. Its high farce and witty dialogue have helped make "The Importance of Being Earnest" Wilde's most enduringly popular play.
Document 9: Prometheus Unbound (Shelley): Prometheus Unbound is a four-act lyrical drama by Percy Bysshe Shelley, first published in 1820. It is concerned with the torments of the Greek mythological figure Prometheus, who defies the gods and gives fire to humanity, for which he is subjected to eternal punishment and suffering at the hands of Zeus. It is inspired by the classical "Prometheia", a trilogy of plays attributed to Aeschylus. Shelley's play concerns Prometheus' release from captivity, but unlike Aeschylus' version, there is no reconciliation between Prometheus and Jupiter (Zeus). Instead, Jupiter is abandoned by his supportive elements and falls from power, which allows Prometheus to be released.
Document 10: George Egerton: Mary Chavelita Dunne Bright (14 December 1859 – 12 August 1945), better known by her pen name George Egerton, (pronounced Edg'er-ton) was a New Woman writer and feminist. Egerton is widely considered to be one of the most important of the "New Woman" writers of the nineteenth century "fin de siècle", although she was herself "embarrassed" by this connection in her lifetime and was opposed to the suffrage movement. She was a friend of George Bernard Shaw, Ellen Terry and J. M. Barrie.
Document 11: Pygmalion (Rousseau): Pygmalion (French: "Pygmalion" ) is the most influential dramatic work by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, other than his opera "Le devin du village". Though now rarely performed, it was one of the first ever melodramas (that is, a play consisting of pantomime gestures and the spoken word, both with a musical accompaniment). It is formed of spoken monodrama with instrumental musical interludes and thus can be credited with spreading a new theatrical genre, especially in German-speaking areas of Europe. He wrote it in 1762, with music by Horace Coignet. It was first performed at the Hôtel de Ville, Lyon in 1770. The work is considered a turning point for its author, who also wrote "The Social Contract" that same year.
Document 12: Cultural depictions of Edward III of England: Edward III of England is the central character in the play "Edward III", sometimes attributed to William Shakespeare. He also appears as a boy in "Edward II" by Christopher Marlowe. Edward is also the protagonist of William Blake's early drama "Edward the Third", part of his "Poetical Sketches", published in 1783. George Bernard Shaw portrayed Edward for dramatic purposes as, in Shaw's preface to "The Six of Calais", "behaving himself like an unrestrained human being in a very trying situation".
Document 13: George Bernard Shaw: George Bernard Shaw ( ; 26 July 1856 – 2 November 1950), known at his insistence simply as Bernard Shaw, was an Irish playwright, critic and polemicist whose influence on Western theatre, culture and politics extended from the 1880s to his death and beyond. He wrote more than sixty plays, including major works such as "Man and Superman" (1902), "Pygmalion" (1912)" and Saint Joan" (1923). With a range incorporating both contemporary satire and historical allegory, Shaw became the leading dramatist of his generation, and in 1925 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Document 14: W. B. Yeats: William Butler Yeats ( ; 13 June 186528 January 1939) was an Irish poet and one of the foremost figures of 20th century literature. A pillar of both the Irish and British literary establishments, he helped to found the Abbey Theatre, and in his later years served as an Irish Senator for two terms. Yeats was a driving force behind the Irish Literary Revival along with Lady Gregory, Edward Martyn and others.
Document 15: Eugene O'Neill: Eugene Gladstone O'Neill (October 16, 1888 – November 27, 1953) was an American playwright and Nobel laureate in Literature. His poetically titled plays were among the first to introduce into American drama techniques of realism earlier associated with Russian playwright Anton Chekhov, Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, and Swedish playwright August Strindberg. The drama "Long Day's Journey into Night" is often numbered on the short list of the finest American plays in the 20th century, alongside Tennessee Williams's "A Streetcar Named Desire" and Arthur Miller's "Death of a Salesman".
ground_truth: George Bernard Shaw