Question: What does Georges Méliès and Alexander Kluge have in common?

full_context: Document 1: Rainer Werner Fassbinder: Rainer Werner Fassbinder (] ; 31 May 1945 – 10 June 1982) was a West German filmmaker, actor, playwright and theatre director, part of the New German Cinema movement.
Document 2: The Magician (1898 film): The Magician (French: "Le Magicien" ; Star Film Catalogue no. 153.) is a 1898 French short black-and-white silent trick film, directed by Georges Méliès, featuring a wizard, a Pierrot and a sculptor in a rapid series of jump cuts. The film is, "another exercise in the art of the jump-cut," according to Michael Brooke of BFI Screenonline, "in the tradition of Georges Méliès' earlier "A Nightmare" ("Le Cauchemar", 1896) and "The Haunted Castle" ("Le Château hanté", 1897)."
Document 3: Alexander Görlach: Alexander Görlach (born December 28, 1976) is a German author, academic, journalist and entrepreneur. He is best known as founder and publisher of the debate-magazine "The European". Today he is a visiting scholar at Harvard University. He is further a Senior Advisor to the Berggruen Institute, a think tank based in Los Angeles, a columnist to the German business magazine Wirtschaftswoche, an op-ed contributor to the New York Times and the publisher of the online-magazine Save Liberal Democracy.
Document 4: Alexander Kluge: Alexander Kluge (born 14 February 1932) is a German author, philosopher, academic and film director.
Document 5: The Impossible Voyage: The Impossible Voyage (French: Voyage à travers l'impossible ), originally released in the US as An Impossible Voyage and in the UK as Whirling the Worlds, is a 1904 French silent film directed by Georges Méliès. Based in part on Jules Verne's play "Journey Through the Impossible" and modeled in style and format on Méliès's earlier, highly successful "A Trip to the Moon", the film is a satire of scientific exploration in which a group of geographers attempt a journey into the interior of the sun.
Document 6: Alexandre Kojève: Alexandre Kojève (] ; 28 April 1902 – 4 June 1968) was a Russian-born French philosopher and statesman whose philosophical seminars had an immense influence on 20th-century French philosophy, particularly via his integration of Hegelian concepts into twentieth century continental philosophy. As a statesman in the French government, he was instrumental in the creation of the European Union. Kojève was a close friend of, and was in lifelong philosophical dialogue with, Leo Strauss.
Document 7: Alice Guy-Blaché: Alice Guy-Blaché (July 1, 1873 – March 24, 1968) was the first person to be a film director and writer of narrative fiction films. She experimented with Gaumont's Chronophone sound syncing system, color tinting, interracial casting, and special effects.
Document 8: Abel Gance: Abel Gance (] ; 25 October 188910 November 1981) was a French film director and producer, writer and actor. A pioneer in the theory and practice of montage, he is best known for three major silent films: "J'accuse" (1919), "La Roue" (1923), and the monumental "Napoléon" (1927).
Document 9: Alejandro Jodorowsky: Alejandro Jodorowsky Prullansky (] ; born 17 February 1929) is a Chilean-French film and theatre director, screenwriter, playwright, actor, author, poet, producer, composer, musician, comics writer, and spiritual guru. Best known for his avant-garde films, he has been "venerated by cult cinema enthusiasts" for his work which "is filled with violently surreal images and a hybrid blend of mysticism and religious provocation".
Document 10: Louis Le Prince: Louis Aimé Augustin Le Prince (] ; 28 August 1841 – vanished 16 September 1890) was a French inventor who shot the first moving pictures on paper film using a single lens camera. He has been heralded as the "Father of Cinematography" since 1930.
Document 11: Artists Under the Big Top: Perplexed: Artists in the Big Top: Perplexed (German: Die Artisten in der Zirkuskuppel: Ratlos ) is a 1968 West German film written and directed by Alexander Kluge. The film is made in a collage style, featuring newsreels and quotations from philosophers alongside the story of a failing circus whose owner, Leni (Hannelore Hoger), must decide whether her dream of a new kind of circus is too optimistic. The film is a symbolic representation of Kluge's own frustrations in trying to help stimulate the New German Cinema movement.
Document 12: Werner Herzog: Werner Herzog (] ; born 5 September 1942) is a German screenwriter, film director, author, actor, and opera director.
Document 13: Georges Méliès: Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès, known as Georges Méliès ( ; ] ; 8 December 1861 – 21 January 1938), was a French illusionist and film director who led many technical and narrative developments in the earliest days of cinema. Méliès was an especially prolific innovator in the use of special effects, popularizing such techniques as substitution splices, multiple exposures, time-lapse photography, dissolves, and hand-painted color. He was also one of the first filmmakers to use storyboards. His films include "A Trip to the Moon" (1902) and "The Impossible Voyage" (1904), both involving strange, surreal journeys somewhat in the style of Jules Verne, and are considered among the most important early science fiction films, though their approach is closer to fantasy.
Document 14: Bleuette Bernon: Bleuette Bernon (born June 6, 1878 – ?) was a French film actress who appeared in five films made by Georges Méliès around the turn of the 20th century. The earliest films, made before 1900, were usually without plot and had a runtime of just a few minutes. However, Méliès evolved the genre of the fictional motion picture, and Bernon became one of the earliest character actors in movies. In 1899, she played the title character in Méliès's "Jeanne d'Arc", and Cinderella in "Cendrillon". In 1901, she appeared in "Barbe-bleue". In 1902 she appeared in a minor role in "A Trip to the Moon", which is the best known film of Méliès, as one "lady in the Moon". In 1903 she appeared as Aurora in "".
Document 15: List of actuality films by Georges Méliès: Georges Méliès (1861–1938), a French filmmaker and magician, made a variety of short actuality films between 1896 and 1900. Méliès was established as a magician with his own theater-of-illusions, the Théâtre Robert-Houdin in Paris, when he attended the celebrated first public demonstration of the Lumière Brothers' Kinetoscope in December 1895. Unable to purchase a camera from the Lumières, who insisted that the venture had no future, he bought a film projector and some films from the British film experimenter Robert W. Paul and began projecting them at the Théâtre Robert-Houdin. Meanwhile, Méliès studied the principles on which Paul's projector ran, and in 1896 was able to modify the machine so that it could be used as a makeshift camera. At first, Méliès followed the custom of the time, and the example memorably set by the pioneering Lumières, by producing actuality films—brief "slice of life" incidents made by preparing naturalistic scenes for the camera or by filming events of the day. These "cityscapes, scenic views, and domestic vignettes" closely followed the model already set by the Lumières and their salaried operators, who had already been sent to various points abroad to publicize the Lumière camera and bring home actualites filmed in foreign climes. All told, Méliès filmed 93 films, or 18% of his entire output, outdoors as actuality footage.
ground_truth: film director.