Question: What year was the university where Patrick Daniel Gaffney earned his PhD established?

full_context: Document 1: University of Chicago: The University of Chicago (U of C, Chicago, or UChicago) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois established in 1890, which holds top-ten positions in numerous national and international rankings.
Document 2: University of Cape Town: The University of Cape Town (UCT) is a public research university located in Cape Town in the Western Cape province of South Africa. UCT was founded in 1829 as the South African College making it the oldest higher education institute in South Africa, it is jointly the oldest university in South Africa and the oldest extant university in Sub-Saharan Africa alongside Stellenbosch University which received full university status on the same day in 1918. UCT is the highest-ranked African university in the QS World University Rankings, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities, and its Law and Commerce Faculties are consistently placed among the hundred best internationally. The language of instruction is English.
Document 3: Shams C. Inati: Shams C. Inati is a professor in the Department of Theology and Religious Studies, the Center for Arab and Islamic Studies, and the Department of Philosophy at Villanova University. She has authored many works and has translated numerous Arabic philosophical texts, with an emphasis on Ibn Sina and other medieval Islamic thinkers. Much of her work focuses on the problem of evil, metaphysics, and historical dilemmas in the Middle East. The "Bulletin of the" "School of Oriental and African Studies" praised her "scholarly, well researched and well analysed commentary" on Ibn Sina. Her work has also been cited or reviewed in the Middle East Journal, The Journal of Religion, the American Catholic Philosophical Quarterly, and the Journal of Semitic Studies.
Document 4: Patrick Gaffney (anthropologist): Patrick Daniel Gaffney is an American anthropologist, academic, translator, member of the Congregation of Holy Cross and the current Vice-Chancellor of Notre Dame University Bangladesh. He earned his PhD from the University of Chicago and has taught at the University of Notre Dame, USA, since 1980. For his academic work, he received Kaneb Teaching Award in 2001, and Reinhold Niebuhr Award in 2002. A polyglot fluent in Arabic, French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, Russian, and a competent reader in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Gaffney translated "Renaissance of the East" by Hans Fortmann in 1972 and "With Open Hands" by Henri Nouwen in 1973 from Dutch into English. An expert on Islam and Islamic culture, Gaffney authored "The Prophet's Pulpit: Islamic Preaching in Contemporary Egypt" in 1994 and co-authored "Breaking Cycles of Violence: Conflict Prevention and Intrastate Crises" in 1999.
Document 5: Omid Safi: Omid Safi is an American Professor of Asian and Middle Eastern Studies at Duke University, where he is the Director of Duke Islamic Studies Center, and a columnist for On Being. Dr. Safi specializes in Islamic mysticism (Sufism), contemporary Islamic thought and medieval Islamic history. He has served on the board of the Pluralism project at Harvard University and is the co-chair of the steering committee for the Study of Islam and the Islamic Mysticism Group at the American Academy of Religion. Before joining Duke University, Dr. Safi was a professor at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill.
Document 6: Loyola University Chicago: Loyola University Chicago (often referred to as Loyola or LUC) is a private American Catholic research university located in Chicago, Illinois. Founded in 1870 by the Jesuits, today Loyola is one of the largest Catholic universities in the nation and a major contributor to Chicago's economic and cultural capital. Loyola's professional schools have educated generations of local business and civic leaders, and distinguished programs in medicine, nursing, and health sciences are anchored by the nationally recognized Loyola University Medical Center.
Document 7: Illinois Institute of Technology: Illinois Institute of Technology, commonly called Illinois Tech or IIT, is a private Ph.D.-granting research university located in Chicago, in the U.S. state of Illinois, with programs in engineering, science, psychology, architecture, business, communications, industrial technology, information technology, design and law. It traces its history to several 19th century engineering and professional education institutions in the United States.
Document 8: Northwestern University: Northwestern University (NU) is a private research university based in Evanston, Illinois, with other campuses located in Chicago and Doha, Qatar, and academic programs and facilities in Washington, D.C., and San Francisco, California.
Document 9: Priyankar Upadhaya: Widely regarded as the Pioneer of Peace studies in India, Professor Priyankar Upadhaya holds the UNESCO Chair for Peace and Intercultural Understanding at Banaras Hindu University(Asia's largest residential university), Varanasi. He also heads the Malaviya Center for Peace Research situated in the University. Professor Upadhayaya holds M.Phil. and Ph.D Degree of Jawaharlal Nehru University. He also holds Advance International Diploma(s) in Conflict Resolution from the Uppsala University, Sweden. Prof. Upadhaya has done Post-Doctoral Research at London University and the Woodrow Wilson Centre for International Scholars, Wash DC. He was selected for the Guest Scholar Award of the Woodrow Wilson Centre of International Scholars at Wash DC 1992, Faculty Research Award, Canadian Govt. 1999 and Senior Fulbright Award in 2004. Professor Upadhyaya has taught and done research in Political Science & Conflict Resolution in many parts of the world, including Concordia University, Montreal; Ulster University in Northern Ireland, at the Department of Political Science, Karlstad University in Sweden and US Air Force Academy at Colorado Springs. He has also been Fellow at the Henry L Stimson Center, Wash DC, and recently a Senior Visiting Fellow at the Peace Research Institute (PRIO), Oslo. Professor Upadhyaya has publications in journals and books from OUP, MUP, CUP, Sage, Ashgate and Routledge among others and research articles in reputed International Journals such as the Denver Journal of International Law & Policy; International Studies (Sage) and Strategic Analysis (Routledge).
Document 10: Amir Hussain: Amir Hussain is a scholar of religion who specializes in the study of Islam. His most recent book is "Muslims and the Making of America", published in 2016 by Baylor University Press. From 2011 to 2015 he was the editor of the "Journal of the American Academy of Religion", which is the flagship journal for the study of religion. He is also on the editorial boards of three other scholarly journals for the study of religion. In 2005, he joined the Department of Theological Studies at Loyola Marymount University, the Jesuit university in Los Angeles. He has done significant publishing work with Oxford University Press, including editing the fourth editions of two of their main textbooks, "World Religions: Western Traditions" and "World Religions: Eastern Traditions", and the third edition of "A Concise Introduction to World Religions". Professor Hussain is also a senior editor for religion for Oxford Handbooks Online. He has written numerous scholarly articles on Islam and Muslims, and is recognized as an authority on Islam in North America. He is a fellow of the Los Angeles Institute for the Humanities.
Document 11: Booth School of Business: The University of Chicago Booth School of Business is a graduate business school located in Chicago, Illinois, at the University of Chicago. Formerly known as the University of Chicago Graduate School of Business, Chicago Booth is the second-oldest business school in the U.S., the first such school to offer an Executive MBA program, and the first to initiate a Ph.D. program in business. The school was renamed in 2008 following a $300 million endowment gift to the school by alumnus David G. Booth. The school has the third-largest endowment of any business school. The school belongs to the M7 group of elite MBA programs which recognize each other as peers, consisting of Chicago Booth, Columbia, Harvard, Kellogg, MIT Sloan, Stanford, and Wharton.
Document 12: Dario Cabanelas: Dario Cabanelas Rodríguez, born in Trasalba, Ourense, Spain, December 20, 1916, and died there, September 18, 1992, may be considered one of the most important Spanish Arabists of the 20th century. After studying baccalaureate, philosophy and theology in Santiago de Compostela, he was ordained as a priest into the Franciscan Religious Order in June 23, 1940. Since 1942, he studied philosophy and humanities, Section of Semitic Philology, at Central University, called today Complutense University, in Madrid, with Extraordinary Degree Award, and he got the doctorate in June 15, 1948, about the topic "Juan de Segovia y el problema islámico", with a Special Award Doctorate. He was a holder of a scholarship and a collaborator at Miguel Asin Palacios Institute of Spanish National Research Council. He taught Arabic language and literature at the Complutense University of Madrid and from 1955 was Professor at the University of Granada. He was a disciple of Emilio Garcia Gomez, he trained a lot of professionals during four generations for more than forty years. His scientific contributions are very extensive: he wrote over 100 works, among books, articles, bibliographical reviews and reports, as well as being director of 18 doctorates, 26 master dissertations, etcetera, and lectured on the Arab and Islamic world in Spain and abroad. He specialized mainly in Arabic linguistics, literature and philosophy, and among his most outstanding works are his writings on Ibn Sida and Alonso del Castillo. Furthermore, he occupied high academic places and dignities, such as Dean of the Faculty of Philosophy and Humanities in Granada (1965-1968), Director of Department of Arabic in Granada (1972-1987), Director of the School of Arabic Studies of Spanish National Research Council in Granada (1972-1984), Membership of Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Granada (1977-1992), President of Alhambra and Generalife Council's Publications Commission (1978-1985), Membership "al honorem" of Institute for Cooperation with the Arab World of the Foreign Office in Spain (1979-1992) and others. Retired in 1985, he was named in 1987 Professor Emeritus of the University of Granada.
Document 13: Wesley Muhammad: Dr. Wesley Muhammad is an American author, historian, professor, scholar, and a minister in the Nation of Islam. He received a Bachelor of Arts in Religious Studies from Morehouse College (Atlanta, GA), graduating with honors in 1994. In 2003 Dr. Muhammad received a master's degree in Islamic Studies from the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor), whence he also received a Ph.D. in Islamic Studies with a focus on Early Theological Development in Islam. Dr. Muhammad’s doctoral work included training in Classical Arabic, Biblical Hebrew, German and French and he conducts research in those languages. Twice as a graduate student Dr. Muhammad’s research earned him the highly honored, Great Books of Islam Prize, given out by the Center For Middle East and Near Eastern Studies, University of Michigan.
Document 14: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore: Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (English: Catholic University of the Sacred Heart or Catholic University of Milan), known as UCSC or UNICATT or simply Cattolica, is an Italian private research university founded in 1921. Cattolica, with its five affiliated campuses, is the largest private university in Europe and the largest Catholic University in the world. Its main campus is located in Milan, Italy, with satellite campuses in Brescia, Piacenza, Cremona and Rome.
Document 15: University of California, Berkeley: The University of California, Berkeley (also referred to as UC Berkeley, Berkeley, and Cal ) is a public research university located in Berkeley, California. Founded in 1868, Berkeley is the oldest of the ten research universities affiliated with the University of California system (although UCSF was founded in 1864 and predates the establishment of the UC system) and is ranked as one of the world's leading research universities and the top public university in the United States.
ground_truth: 1890