Question: Which former financier was convicted under making false statements?

full_context: Document 1: Sarbanes–Oxley Act: The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 (Pub.L. 107–204 , 116 Stat. 745 , enacted  30, 2002 ), also known as the "Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act" (in the Senate) and "Corporate and Auditing Accountability, Responsibility, and Transparency Act" (in the House) and more commonly called Sarbanes–Oxley, Sarbox or SOX, is a United States federal law that set new or expanded requirements for all U.S. public company boards, management and public accounting firms. There are also a number of provisions of the Act that also apply to privately held companies, for example the willful destruction of evidence to impede a Federal investigation.
Document 2: Marc Dreier: Marc Stuart Dreier (born May 12, 1950) is a former American lawyer who was sentenced to 20 years in federal prison in 2009 for committing investment fraud using a Ponzi scheme. He is scheduled to be released from FCI Sandstone on October 26, 2026. On May 11, 2009, he pleaded guilty in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York to eight charges of fraud, which included one count of conspiracy to commit securities fraud and wire fraud, one count of money laundering, one count of securities fraud, and five counts of wire fraud in a scheme to sell $700 million in fictitious promissory notes. Civil charges, filed in December 2008 by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, are pending.
Document 3: Money Laundering Control Act: The Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 (Public Law 99-570) is a United States Act of Congress that made money laundering a federal crime. It was passed in 1986. It consists of two sections, and . It for the first time in the United States criminalized money laundering. Section 1956 prohibits individuals from engaging in a financial transaction with proceeds that were generated from certain specific crimes, known as “specified unlawful activities” (SUAs). Additionally, the law requires that an individual specifically intend in making the transaction to conceal the source, ownership or control of the funds. There is no minimum threshold of money, nor is there the requirement that the transaction succeed in actually disguising the money. Moreover, a “financial transaction” has been broadly defined, and need not involve a financial institution, or even a business. Merely passing money from one person to another, so long as it is done with the intent to disguise the source, ownership, location or control of the money, has been deemed a financial transaction under the law. Section 1957 prohibits spending in excess of $10,000 derived from an SUA, regardless of whether the individual wishes to disguise it. This carries a lesser penalty than money laundering, and unlike the money laundering statute, requires that the money pass through a financial institution.
Document 4: United States House Select Committee to Investigate Alleged Corruptions in Government: United States House Select Committee to Investigate Alleged Corruptions in Government
Document 5: Harshad Mehta: Harshad Mehta was an Indian stockbroker, well known for his wealth and for having been charged with numerous financial crimes that took place in 1992. Of the 27 criminal charges brought against him, he was only convicted of four, before his death at age 47 in 2001. It was alleged that Mehta engaged in a massive stock manipulation scheme financed by worthless bank receipts, which his firm brokered in "ready forward" transactions between banks. Mehta was convicted by the Bombay High Court and Supreme Court of India for his part in a financial scandal valued at 4999 Crores which took place on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE). The scandal exposed the loopholes in the Indian banking system, Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) transaction system and SEBI further introduced new rules to cover those loopholes. He was tried for 9 years, until he died in late 2001.
Document 6: Lies (evidence): Lies, on their own, are not sufficient evidence of a crime though in some situations they may themselves be a crime—making false statements, fraud, false advertising, perjury. However, lies may indicate that the defendant is aware of his own guilt, and the prosecution may rely on the fact that the defendant has lied as supplementary to other evidence.
Document 7: False imprisonment: False imprisonment occurs when a person is restricted in their personal movement within any area without justification or consent. For example, when two people are kept on a plane when an investigation into missing apparatus arises. Actual physical restraint is not necessary to a false imprisonment case. False imprisonment is a common-law felony and a tort. It applies to private as well as governmental detention. When it comes to public police, the proving of false imprisonment is sufficient to obtain a writ of habeas corpus.
Document 8: Bernard Madoff: Bernard Lawrence "Bernie" Madoff ( ; born April 29, 1938) is an American fraudster and a former stockbroker, investment advisor, and financier. He is the former non-executive chairman of the NASDAQ stock market, and the admitted operator of a Ponzi scheme that is considered the largest financial fraud in U.S. history. Prosecutors estimated the size of the fraud to be $64.8 billion, based on the amounts in the accounts of Madoff's 4,800 clients as of November 30, 2008.
Document 9: BJ Kang: BJ Kang is an American Federal Bureau of Investigation special agent known for high-profile investigations of securities fraud. After leading the perp walk of Bernie Madoff in 2008 and Raj Rajaratnam in 2009, Reuters described him as possibly "the most feared man on Wall Street."
Document 10: Mathew Martoma: Mathew Martoma (born May 18, 1974 as Ajai Mathew Mariamdani Thomas) is an American former hedge fund trader. As a former portfolio manager at S.A.C. Capital Advisors, a Stamford, Connecticut-based hedge fund, he was accused of generating possibly the largest single insider trading transaction profit in history at a value of $276 million. On November 20, 2014, he began serving a nine-year prison sentence.
Document 11: Ruth Madoff: Ruth Madoff (née Alpern; born May 18, 1941) is the wife of Bernie Madoff, the convicted American financial fraudster. She was director of Bernard L. Madoff Investment Securities.
Document 12: Making false statements: Making false statements () is the common name for the United States federal crime laid out in Section 1001 of Title 18 of the United States Code, which generally prohibits knowingly and willfully making false or fraudulent statements, or concealing information, in "any matter within the jurisdiction" of the federal government of the United States, even by . A number of notable people have been convicted under the section, including Martha Stewart, Rod Blagojevich, Scooter Libby, Bernard Madoff, and Jeffrey Skilling.
Document 13: Arthur Nadel: Arthur Geoffrey Nadel (January 1, 1933 – April 16, 2012) was a hedge fund manager, disbarred lawyer, piano player, and philanthropist. He was indicted on 15 counts including six counts of securities fraud, eight counts of wire fraud and one count of mail fraud in a federal court in Manhattan. If found guilty, Nadel could have been sentenced to 280 years in prison and would have been required to forfeit all assets connected to the fraud.
Document 14: United States House Select Committee on an Alleged Abstraction of a Report from the Clerk's Office: United States House Select Committee on an Alleged Abstraction of a Report from the Clerk's Office
Document 15: Anthrax hoaxes: Anthrax hoaxes involving the use of white powder or labels to falsely suggest the use of anthrax are frequently reported in the United States and globally. Hoaxes have increased following the 2001 anthrax attacks, after which no genuine anthrax attacks have occurred. The FBI and U.S. postal inspectors have responded to thousands of "white powder events" and targets have included government offices, US embassies, banks and news organizations.
ground_truth: Bernard Madoff