Question: How many square miles is the state that was Elbridge Gerry's constituency?

full_context: Document 1: Separation of church and state in the United States: Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federalists and the Federalists, the very word "national" was a cause for alarm because of the experience under the British crown. During the debate over the establishment clause, Rep. Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts took issue with Madison's language regarding whether the government was a national or federal government (in which the states retained their individual sovereignty), which Baker suggests compelled Madison to withdraw his language from the debate.
Document 2: Separation of church and state in the United States: Others, such as Rep. Roger Sherman of Connecticut, believed the clause was unnecessary because the original Constitution only gave Congress stated powers, which did not include establishing a national religion. Anti-Federalists such as Rep. Thomas Tucker of South Carolina moved to strike the establishment clause completely because it could preempt the religious clauses in the state constitutions. However, the Anti-Federalists were unsuccessful in persuading the House of Representatives to drop the clause from the first amendment.
Document 3: Boston: Federally, Boston is split between two congressional districts. The northern three-fourths of the city is in the 7th district, represented by Mike Capuano since 1998. The southern fourth is in the 8th district, represented by Stephen Lynch. Both are Democrats; a Republican has not represented a significant portion of Boston in over a century. The state's senior member of the United States Senate is Democrat Elizabeth Warren, first elected in 2012. The state's junior member of the United States Senate is Democrat Ed Markey, who was elected in 2013 to succeed John Kerry after Kerry's appointment and confirmation as the United States Secretary of State.
Document 4: Separation of church and state in the United States: The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to the court's embrace of the "wall of separation" metaphor: "I think that the Court's task, in this as in all areas of constitutional adjudication, is not responsibly aided by the uncritical invocation of metaphors like the "wall of separation," a phrase nowhere to be found in the Constitution."
Document 5: New York (state): State of New York Flag Seal Nickname (s): The Empire State Motto (s): Excelsior (in Latin) Ever upward State song (s): ``I Love New York ''Official language None Spoken languages English 69.6% Spanish 15.1% Chinese 3.1% French 1.6% Russian 1.2% Italian 0.9% Yiddish 0.7% Hindi / Urdu 0.6% Arabic 0.5% Japanese 0.5% Korean 0.5% Demonym New Yorker Capital Albany Largest city New York City Largest metro Greater New York Area Ranked 27th Total 54,555 sq mi (141,300 km) Width 285 miles (455 km) Length 330 miles (530 km)% water 13.5 Latitude 40 ° 30 ′ N to 45 ° 1 ′ N Longitude 71 ° 51 ′ W to 79 ° 46 ′ W Population Ranked 4th Total 19,849,399 (2017 est.) Density 416.42 / sq mi (159 / km) Ranked 7th Median household income $58,005 (2016) (23rd) Elevation Highest point Mount Marcy 5,344 ft (1,629 m) Mean 1,000 ft (300 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean Sea level Admission to Union July 26, 1788 (11th) Governor Andrew Cuomo (D) Lieutenant Governor Kathy Hochul (D) Legislature New York Legislature Upper house State Senate Lower house State Assembly U.S. Senators Chuck Schumer (D) Kirsten Gillibrand (D) U.S. House delegation 17 Democrats 9 Republicans 1 Vacant (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC - 5 / - 4 ISO 3166 US - NY Abbreviations NY, N.Y. Website www.ny.gov
Document 6: Separation of church and state in the United States: Jefferson and James Madison's conceptions of separation have long been debated. Jefferson refused to issue Proclamations of Thanksgiving sent to him by Congress during his presidency, though he did issue a Thanksgiving and Prayer proclamation as Governor of Virginia. Madison issued four religious proclamations while President, but vetoed two bills on the grounds they violated the first amendment. On the other hand, both Jefferson and Madison attended religious services at the Capitol. Years before the ratification of the Constitution, Madison contended "Because if Religion be exempt from the authority of the Society at large, still less can it be subject to that of the Legislative Body." After retiring from the presidency, Madison wrote of "total separation of the church from the state." " "Strongly guarded as is the separation between Religion & Govt in the Constitution of the United States," Madison wrote, and he declared, "practical distinction between Religion and Civil Government is essential to the purity of both, and as guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States." In a letter to Edward Livingston Madison further expanded, "We are teaching the world the great truth that Govts. do better without Kings & Nobles than with them. The merit will be doubled by the other lesson that Religion flourishes in greater purity, without than with the aid of Govt." Madison's original draft of the Bill of Rights had included provisions binding the States, as well as the Federal Government, from an establishment of religion, but the House did not pass them.[citation needed]
Document 7: New Jersey: State of New Jersey Flag Seal Nickname (s): The Garden State Motto (s): Liberty and prosperity Official language None Spoken languages English (only) 69.4% Spanish 15.9% Indic 2.7% Chinese 1.5% Korean 1.1% French 0.97% Tagalog 0.94% Portuguese 0.91% Italian 0.83% Arabic 0.76% Polish 0.72% Russian 0.57% Demonym New Jerseyan (official), New Jerseyite Capital Trenton Largest city Newark Largest metro Greater New York Area Ranked 47th Total 8,722.58 sq mi (22,591.38 km) Width 70 miles (112 km) Length 170 miles (273 km)% water 15.7 Latitude 38 ° 56 ′ N to 41 ° 21 ′ N Longitude 73 ° 54 ′ W to 75 ° 34 ′ W Population Ranked 11th Total 9,032,872 (2018 est.) Density 1210.10 / sq mi (467 / km) Ranked 1st Median household income $68,357 (7th) Elevation Highest point High Point 1,803 ft (549.6 m) Mean 250 ft (80 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean Sea level Before statehood Province of New Jersey Admission to Union December 18, 1787 (3rd) Governor Phil Murphy (D) Lieutenant Governor Sheila Oliver (D) Legislature New Jersey Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house General Assembly U.S. Senators Bob Menendez (D) Cory Booker (D) U.S. House delegation 7 Democrats 5 Republicans (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC - 5 / - 4 ISO 3166 US - NJ Abbreviations NJ, N.J. Website www.nj.gov
Document 8: Geography of Massachusetts: Massachusetts is the 7th smallest state in the United States with an area of . It is bordered to the north by New Hampshire and Vermont, to the west by New York, to the south by Connecticut and Rhode Island, and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Massachusetts is the most populous New England state.
Document 9: Massachusetts: Commonwealth of Massachusetts Flag Seal Nickname (s): The Bay State Motto (s): Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem (Latin) By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty State song (s): ``All Hail to Massachusetts ''Official language English Spoken languages English 77.4% Spanish 8.6% Portuguese 2.8% Chinese 2.1% Demonym Bay Stater (official) Massachusite (traditional) Massachusettsian Capital (and largest city) Boston Largest metro Greater Boston Area Ranked 44th Total 10,565 sq mi (27,336 km) Width 183 miles (295 km) Length 113 miles (182 km)% water 25.7 Latitude 41 ° 14 ′ N to 42 ° 53 ′ N Longitude 69 ° 56 ′ W to 73 ° 30 ′ W Population Ranked 15th Total 6,811,779 (2016 est.) Density 840 / sq mi (324 / km) Ranked 3rd (9) Median household income $67,861 (7th) Elevation Highest point Mount Greylock 3,489 ft (1063.4 m) Mean 500 ft (150 m) Lowest point Atlantic Ocean sea level Before statehood Province of Massachusetts Bay Admission to Union February 6, 1788 (6th) Governor Charlie Baker (R) Lieutenant Governor Karyn Polito (R) Legislature General Court Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Elizabeth Warren (D) Ed Markey (D) U.S. House delegation 9 Democrats (list) Time zone Eastern: UTC - 5 / - 4 ISO 3166 US - MA Abbreviations MA, Mass. Website www.mass.gov
Document 10: Boston: Boston has an area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)—48.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100 m) above sea level, and the lowest point is at sea level. Situated onshore of the Atlantic Ocean, Boston is the only state capital in the contiguous United States with an oceanic coastline.
Document 11: Boston: In addition to city government, numerous commissions and state authorities—including the Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation, the Boston Public Health Commission, the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), and the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport)—play a role in the life of Bostonians. As the capital of Massachusetts, Boston plays a major role in state politics.
Document 12: Michigan: State of Michigan Flag Seal Nickname (s): ``The Great Lake (s) State '',`` The Wolverine State'', ``The Mitten State '',`` Water (Winter) Wonderland'' Motto (s): Si quaeris peninsulam amoenam circumspice (English: ``If you seek a pleasant peninsula, look about you '') State song (s):`` My Michigan'' Official language None (English, de facto) Spoken languages English 91.11% Spanish 2.93% Arabic 1.04% Other 4.92% Demonym Michigander, Michiganian, Yooper (for residents of the Upper Peninsula) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Largest metro Metro Detroit Area Ranked 11th Total 96,716 sq mi (250,493 km) Width 386 miles (621 km) Length 456 miles (734 km)% water 41.5 Latitude 41 ° 41 'N to 48 ° 18' N Longitude 82 ° 7 'W to 90 ° 25' W Population Ranked 10th Total 9,962,311 (2017 est.) Density 174 / sq mi (67.1 / km) Ranked 17th Median household income $54,203 (31st) Elevation Highest point Mount Arvon 1,979 ft (603 m) Mean 900 ft (270 m) Lowest point Lake Erie 571 ft (174 m) Before statehood Michigan Territory Admission to Union January 26, 1837 (26th) Governor Rick Snyder (R) Lieutenant Governor Brian Calley (R) Legislature Michigan Legislature Upper house Senate Lower house House of Representatives U.S. Senators Debbie Stabenow (D) Gary Peters (D) U.S. House delegation 9 Republicans 4 Democrats 1 Vacant (list) Time zones most of state Eastern: UTC − 5 / − 4 4 U.P. counties (Gogebic, Iron, Dickinson, and Menominee) Central: UTC − 6 / − 5 ISO 3166 US - MI Abbreviations MI, Mich. Website www.michigan.gov
Document 13: Separation of church and state in the United States: Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denomination and pay taxes to support it. Similarly, the Constitution of Massachusetts originally provided that "no subject shall be hurt, molested, or restrained, in his person, liberty, or estate, for worshipping God in the manner and season most agreeable to the dictates of his own conscience... provided he doth not disturb the public peace, or obstruct others in their religious worship," (Article II) but also that:
Document 14: Separation of church and state in the United States: There were also opponents to the support of any established church even at the state level. In 1773, Isaac Backus, a prominent Baptist minister in New England, wrote against a state sanctioned religion, saying: "Now who can hear Christ declare, that his kingdom is, not of this world, and yet believe that this blending of church and state together can be pleasing to him?" He also observed that when "church and state are separate, the effects are happy, and they do not at all interfere with each other: but where they have been confounded together, no tongue nor pen can fully describe the mischiefs that have ensued." Thomas Jefferson's influential Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom was enacted in 1786, five years before the Bill of Rights.
Document 15: Separation of church and state in the United States: Critics of the modern concept of the "separation of church and state" argue that it is untethered to anything in the text of the constitution and is contrary to the conception of the phrase as the Founding Fathers understood it. Philip Hamburger, Columbia Law school professor and prominent critic of the modern understanding of the concept, maintains that the modern concept, which deviates from the constitutional establishment clause jurisprudence, is rooted in American anti-Catholicism and Nativism.[citation needed] Briefs before the Supreme Court, including by the U.S. government, have argued that some state constitutional amendments relating to the modern conception of separation of church and state (Blaine Amendments) were motivated by and intended to enact anti-Catholicism.
ground_truth: 10,565
sub_queries: What was Elbridge Gerry's constituency? Answer: Massachusetts
how many square miles is the state of Massachusetts Answer: 10,565