gzone0111/musique_hotpotqa_graph_retriever huggingface dataset:
Question: What time period did the Muslim conquest of the place the moors who invaded Spain come from take place?
Context: Document 1: Moors: In 711, troops mostly formed by Moors from North Africa led the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. The Iberian peninsula then came to be known in classical Arabic as Al - Andalus, which at its peak included most of Septimania and modern - day Spain and Portugal.
Document 2: Sahara: The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands. The trade across the desert intensified. A significant slave trade crossed the desert. It has been estimated that from the 10th to 19th centuries some 6,000 to 7,000 slaves were transported north each year.
Answer: mid-7th to early 8th centuries
Reasoning steps: where did the moors who invaded spain come from Answer: North Africa
What time period did the Muslim conquest of North Africa take place? Answer: mid-7th to early 8th centuries
Question: In what time period was the Muslim conquest of the region that shares a border with Sahel?
Context: Document 1: Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of North Africa: Listed here are the human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroups found in various ethnic groups and populations from North Africa and Sahel (Tuaregs).
Document 2: Sahara: The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands. The trade across the desert intensified. A significant slave trade crossed the desert. It has been estimated that from the 10th to 19th centuries some 6,000 to 7,000 slaves were transported north each year.
Answer: mid-7th to early 8th centuries
Reasoning steps: Sahel >> shares border with Answer: North Africa
What time period did the Muslim conquest of North Africa take place? Answer: mid-7th to early 8th centuries
Question: In what time period did the Muslim conquest of the region the Moriscos went after they were forced out of Spain occur?
Context: Document 1: Sahara: The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands. The trade across the desert intensified. A significant slave trade crossed the desert. It has been estimated that from the 10th to 19th centuries some 6,000 to 7,000 slaves were transported north each year.
Document 2: Valencia: The crisis deepened during the 17th century with the expulsion in 1609 of the Jews and the Moriscos, descendants of the Muslim population that converted to Christianity under threat of exile from Ferdinand and Isabella in 1502. From 1609 through 1614, the Spanish government systematically forced Moriscos to leave the kingdom for Muslim North Africa. They were concentrated in the former Kingdom of Aragon, where they constituted a fifth of the population, and the Valencia area specifically, where they were roughly a third of the total population. The expulsion caused the financial ruin of some of the nobility and the bankruptcy of the Taula de Canvi in 1613. The Crown endeavoured to compensate the nobles, who had lost much of their agricultural labour force; this harmed the economy of the city for generations to come. Later, during the so-called Catalan Revolt (1640–1652), Valencia contributed to the cause of Philip IV with militias and money, resulting in a period of further economic hardship exacerbated by the arrival of troops from other parts of Spain.
Answer: mid-7th to early 8th centuries
Reasoning steps: Where did the Moriscos go when they were forced out of Spain? Answer: North Africa
What time period did the Muslim conquest of North Africa take place? Answer: mid-7th to early 8th centuries
Question: Who built the largest ancient Inca empire in the area the Monroe Doctrine aimed to free from European influence?
Context: Document 1: Monroe Doctrine: The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to take control of any independent state in North or South America would be viewed as ``the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States. ''At the same time, the doctrine noted that the U.S. would recognize and not interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries. The Doctrine was issued on December 2, 1823 at a time when nearly all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires.
Document 2: Inca Empire: From 1438 to 1533, the Incas incorporated a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean Mountains, using conquest and peaceful assimilation, among other methods. At its largest, the empire joined Peru, large parts of modern Ecuador, western and south central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, north and central Chile and a small part of southwest Colombia into a state comparable to the historical empires of Eurasia. Its official language was Quechua. Many local forms of worship persisted in the empire, most of them concerning local sacred Huacas, but the Inca leadership encouraged the sun worship of Inti -- their sun god -- and imposed its sovereignty above other cults such as that of Pachamama. The Incas considered their king, the Sapa Inca, to be the ``son of the sun. ''
Answer: Sapa Inca
Reasoning steps: which area did the monroe doctrine aim to free from european influence Answer: the Americas
who built the largest inca empire in the ancient the Americas Answer: Sapa Inca
Question: In what time period did the Muslim conquest occur in the region that Nigeria has traded with for centuries?
Context: Document 1: Nigeria: For centuries, various peoples in modern-day Nigeria traded overland with traders from North Africa. Cities in the area became regional centres in a broad network of trade routes that spanned western, central and northern Africa. In the 16th century, Spanish and Portuguese explorers were the first Europeans to begin significant, direct trade with peoples of modern-day Nigeria, at the port they named Lagos and in Calabar. Europeans traded goods with peoples at the coast; coastal trade with Europeans also marked the beginnings of the Atlantic slave trade. The port of Calabar on the historical Bight of Biafra (now commonly referred to as the Bight of Bonny) become one of the largest slave trading posts in West Africa in the era of the transatlantic slave trade. Other major slaving ports in Nigeria were located in Badagry, Lagos on the Bight of Benin and on Bonny Island on the Bight of Biafra. The majority of those enslaved and taken to these ports were captured in raids and wars. Usually the captives were taken back to the conquerors' territory as forced labour; after time, they were sometimes acculturated and absorbed into the conquerors' society. A number of slave routes were established throughout Nigeria linking the hinterland areas with the major coastal ports. Some of the more prolific slave traders were linked with the Oyo Empire in the southwest, the Aro Confederacy in the southeast and the Sokoto Caliphate in the north.
Document 2: Sahara: The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands. The trade across the desert intensified. A significant slave trade crossed the desert. It has been estimated that from the 10th to 19th centuries some 6,000 to 7,000 slaves were transported north each year.
Answer: mid-7th to early 8th centuries
Reasoning steps: What region has Nigeria traded with for centuries? Answer: North Africa
What time period did the Muslim conquest of North Africa take place? Answer: mid-7th to early 8th centuries
Question: Name one of the tribes Native American formed in the area the Monroe Doctrine aimed to free from European influence?
Context: Document 1: Monroe Doctrine: The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in the Americas beginning in 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to take control of any independent state in North or South America would be viewed as ``the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States. ''At the same time, the doctrine noted that the U.S. would recognize and not interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries. The Doctrine was issued on December 2, 1823 at a time when nearly all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires.
Document 2: Modern history: In Asia, various Chinese dynasties and Japanese shogunates controlled the Asian sphere. In Japan, the Edo period from 1600 to 1868 is also referred to as the early modern period. And in Korea, from the rising of Joseon Dynasty to the enthronement of King Gojong is referred to as the early modern period. In the Americas, Native Americans had built a large and varied civilization, including the Aztec Empire and alliance, the Inca civilization, the Mayan Empire and cities, and the Chibcha Confederation. In the west, the European kingdoms and movements were in a movement of reformation and expansion. Russia reached the Pacific coast in 1647 and consolidated its control over the Russian Far East in the 19th century.
Answer: Aztec Empire
Reasoning steps: which area did the monroe doctrine aim to free from european influence Answer: the Americas
Name one of the tribes Native Americans formed in the the Americas ? Answer: Aztec Empire
Question: In what time period did the Muslim conquest of the region conquered by the Ottoman Navy in the early 16th century take place?
Context: Document 1: Sahara: The Byzantine Empire ruled the northern shores of the Sahara from the 5th to the 7th centuries. After the Muslim conquest of Arabia (Arabian peninsula) the Muslim conquest of North Africa began in the mid-7th to early 8th centuries, Islamic influence expanded rapidly on the Sahara. By the end of 641 all of Egypt was in Muslim hands. The trade across the desert intensified. A significant slave trade crossed the desert. It has been estimated that from the 10th to 19th centuries some 6,000 to 7,000 slaves were transported north each year.
Document 2: Ottoman Empire: The Ottoman Navy vastly contributed to the expansion of the Empire's territories on the European continent. It initiated the conquest of North Africa, with the addition of Algeria and Egypt to the Ottoman Empire in 1517. Starting with the loss of Greece in 1821 and Algeria in 1830, Ottoman naval power and control over the Empire's distant overseas territories began to decline. Sultan Abdülaziz (reigned 1861–1876) attempted to reestablish a strong Ottoman navy, building the largest fleet after those of Britain and France. The shipyard at Barrow, England, built its first submarine in 1886 for the Ottoman Empire.
Answer: mid-7th to early 8th centuries
Reasoning steps: What region did the Ottoman Navy conquer in the early 16th century? Answer: North Africa
What time period did the Muslim conquest of North Africa take place? Answer: mid-7th to early 8th centuries
Question: Where is the language that Catalan is the derivative of located?
Context: Document 1: Catalan language: Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.
Document 2: Catalan language: The word Catalan derives from the territory of Catalonia, itself of disputed etymology. The main theory suggests that Catalunya (Latin Gathia Launia) derives from the name Gothia or Gauthia ("Land of the Goths"), since the origins of the Catalan counts, lords and people were found in the March of Gothia, whence Gothland > Gothlandia > Gothalania > Catalonia theoretically derived.
Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Reasoning steps: What is Catalan the derivitive of? Answer: Catalonia
Where is Catalonia located? Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Question: What is the location of the region that Catalan is named for?
Context: Document 1: Catalan language: Catalan (/ˈkætəlæn/; autonym: català [kətəˈla] or [kataˈla]) is a Romance language named for its origins in Catalonia, in what is northeastern Spain and adjoining parts of France. It is the national and only official language of Andorra, and a co-official language of the Spanish autonomous communities of Catalonia, the Balearic Islands, and Valencia (where the language is known as Valencian, and there exist regional standards). It also has semi-official status in the city of Alghero on the Italian island of Sardinia. It is also spoken with no official recognition in parts of the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon (La Franja) and Murcia (Carche), and in the historic French region of Roussillon/Northern Catalonia, roughly equivalent to the department of Pyrénées-Orientales.
Document 2: Catalan language: Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.
Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Reasoning steps: What place is Catalan named for? Answer: Catalonia
Where is Catalonia located? Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Question: Where is the Spanish region where people dress in masks and costumes located?
Context: Document 1: Catalan language: Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.
Document 2: Carnival: In Catalonia people dress in masks and costume (often in themed groups) and organize a week-long series of parties, pranks, outlandish activities such as bed races, street dramas satirizing public figures and raucous processions to welcome the arrival of Sa Majestat el Rei Carnestoltes (His Majesty King Carnival), known by various titles, including el Rei dels poca-soltes (King of the Crackpots), Princep etern de Cornudella (Eternal Prince of Cuckoldry), Duc de ximples i corrumputs (Duke of Fools and the Corrupt), Marquès de la bona mamella (Marquis of the lovely breast), Comte de tots els barruts (Count of the Insolent), Baró de les Calaverades (Baron of Nocturnal Debaucheries), and Senyor de l'alt Plàtan florit, dels barraquers i gamberrades i artista d'honor dalt del llit (Lord of the Tall Banana in Bloom, of the Voyeurs and Punks and the Artist of Honor upon the Bed).
Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Reasoning steps: Where do people dress in masks and costume? Answer: Catalonia
Where is Catalonia located? Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Question: Where is the birthplace of Romà Forns located?
Context: Document 1: Romà Forns: Romà Forns Saldaña (died 26 April 1942) was a Spanish/Catalan footballer and manager. He made his debut as a footballer in late 1902 playing one season for Irish FC but spent the rest of his career with FC Barcelona and the Catalan XI, always as a forward. He later served on the FC Barcelona board of directors and then coached the club between 1927 and 1929, guiding it to the first ever La Liga championship. He was the first manager from either Spain or Catalonia to take charge of the club.
Document 2: Catalan language: Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.
Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Reasoning steps: Romà Forns >> place of birth Answer: Catalonia
Where is Catalonia located? Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Question: Where is the place where Peratallada is located located?
Context: Document 1: Catalan language: Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.
Document 2: Peratallada: Peratallada is a town in the municipality of Forallac, in the county of Baix Empordà, in Catalonia, Spain. It is located 22 km east of Girona.
Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Reasoning steps: Peratallada >> located in the administrative territorial entity Answer: Catalonia
Where is Catalonia located? Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Question: Where is the location of the region where the mountain of Montdois is found?
Context: Document 1: Catalan language: Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.
Document 2: Montdois: Montdois is a mountain of the Guilleries Massif, Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 928.1 metres above sea level.
Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Reasoning steps: Montdois >> located in the administrative territorial entity Answer: Catalonia
Where is Catalonia located? Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Question: Where is the region in which Puig Drau is located?
Context: Document 1: Puig Drau: Puig Drau is a mountain of the Montseny Massif, Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 1,345 metres above sea level.
Document 2: Catalan language: Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.
Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Reasoning steps: Puig Drau >> located in the administrative territorial entity Answer: Catalonia
Where is Catalonia located? Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Question: Where is the region that holds the mountain of La Moleta located?
Context: Document 1: La Moleta (Alfara de Carles): La Moleta or Moleta d'Alfara is a mountain of the Serra de l'Espina, a northern prolongation of the Ports de Tortosa-Beseit, Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 812 metres above sea level. La Moleta rises about 5 km NNW above the village of Alfara de Carles. It is readily identifiable from afar, for its striking squarish shape contrasts sharply with the other summits of the mountain chain.
Document 2: Catalan language: Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.
Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Reasoning steps: La Moleta >> located in the administrative territorial entity Answer: Catalonia
Where is Catalonia located? Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Question: On what peninsula is the region containing the mountain Punta Senyalada?
Context: Document 1: Punta Senyalada: Punta Senyalada, also known as Pic de la Torreta and Pic dels Soldats, is a mountain of Catalonia, Spain. Located in the Besiberri Massif, Pyrenees, it has an elevation of 2,952 metres above sea level.
Document 2: Catalan language: Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.
Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Reasoning steps: Punta Senyalada >> located in the administrative territorial entity Answer: Catalonia
Where is Catalonia located? Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Question: Where is the region where the C-32 highway runs located?
Context: Document 1: C-32 highway (Spain): C-32 is a primary highway in Catalonia, Spain. It was created in 2004 by merging three sections of existing "autopistas" and "autovías". This re-organisation was part of a renaming of primary highways managed by the Generalitat de Catalunya. According to this new denomination, the first number (C-32) indicates that is a southwest-northeast highway (parallel to the Mediterranean Sea coastline), while the second number (C-32) indicates that is the second-closest to the Mediterranean Sea.
Document 2: Catalan language: Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.
Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Reasoning steps: C-32 highway >> located in the administrative territorial entity Answer: Catalonia
Where is Catalonia located? Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Question: What is the location of the region where the mountain of La Tossa is found?
Context: Document 1: Catalan language: Catalan shares many traits with its neighboring Romance languages. However, despite being mostly situated in the Iberian Peninsula, Catalan differs more from Iberian Romance (such as Spanish and Portuguese) in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar than from Gallo-Romance (Occitan, French, Gallo-Italic languages, etc.). These similarities are most notable with Occitan.
Document 2: La Tossa: La Tossa is a mountain in Catalonia, Spain. It has an elevation of 887 meters (2,910 ft) above sea level.
Answer: Iberian Peninsula
Reasoning steps: La Tossa >> located in the administrative territorial entity Answer: Catalonia
Where is Catalonia located? Answer: Iberian Peninsula