gzone0111/musique_hotpotqa_graph_retriever huggingface dataset:
Question: How much of the US national debt is owned by the country of the philosopher who accurately described evaporation?
Context: Document 1: Han dynasty: Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that lunar eclipses occurred when the Earth obstructed sunlight falling onto the Moon, and that a solar eclipse occurred when the Moon obstructed sunlight from reaching the Earth. Although others disagreed with his model, Wang Chong accurately described the water cycle of the evaporation of water into clouds.
Document 2: Wang Chong: Wang Chong (; 27 – c. 100 AD), courtesy name Zhongren (仲任), was a Chinese meteorologist, astronomer, and philosopher active during the Han Dynasty. He developed a rational, secular, naturalistic and mechanistic account of the world and of human beings and gave a materialistic explanation of the origin of the universe. His main work was the "Lunheng" (論衡, "Critical Essays"). This book contained many theories involving early sciences of astronomy and meteorology, and Wang Chong was even the first in Chinese history to mention the use of the square-pallet chain pump, which became common in irrigation and public works in China thereafter. Wang also accurately described the process of the water cycle.
Document 3: National debt of the United States: As of April 30, 2018, debt held by the public was $15.3 trillion and intragovernmental holdings were $5.7 trillion, for a total or ``National Debt ''of $21 trillion. Debt held by the public was approximately 77% of GDP in 2017, ranked 43rd highest out of 207 countries. The Congressional Budget Office forecast in April 2018 that the ratio will rise to nearly 100% by 2028, perhaps higher if current policies are extended beyond their scheduled expiration date. As of December 2017, $6.3 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest being China (about $1.18 trillion) then Japan (about $1.06 trillion).
Answer: about $1.18 trillion
Reasoning steps: Who was able to describe the process of evaporation? Answer: Wang Chong
What country was Wang Chong in? Answer: China
how much of the us national debt does China own Answer: about $1.18 trillion
Question: What group censors books in the home country of the man who first described evaporation?
Context: Document 1: Han dynasty: Han-era astronomers adopted a geocentric model of the universe, theorizing that it was shaped like a sphere surrounding the earth in the center. They assumed that the Sun, Moon, and planets were spherical and not disc-shaped. They also thought that the illumination of the Moon and planets was caused by sunlight, that lunar eclipses occurred when the Earth obstructed sunlight falling onto the Moon, and that a solar eclipse occurred when the Moon obstructed sunlight from reaching the Earth. Although others disagreed with his model, Wang Chong accurately described the water cycle of the evaporation of water into clouds.
Document 2: Wang Chong: Wang Chong (; 27 – c. 100 AD), courtesy name Zhongren (仲任), was a Chinese meteorologist, astronomer, and philosopher active during the Han Dynasty. He developed a rational, secular, naturalistic and mechanistic account of the world and of human beings and gave a materialistic explanation of the origin of the universe. His main work was the "Lunheng" (論衡, "Critical Essays"). This book contained many theories involving early sciences of astronomy and meteorology, and Wang Chong was even the first in Chinese history to mention the use of the square-pallet chain pump, which became common in irrigation and public works in China thereafter. Wang also accurately described the process of the water cycle.
Document 3: Book censorship in China: Book censorship in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is implemented or mandated by the PRC's ruling party, the Communist Party of China. Book censorship is widespread in China. Enforcement is strict and sometimes inconsistent. Punishment for violations can result in prison. The Chinese government is extremely sensitive to any opinions on the politics and history of China and its leaders that differ from currently sanctioned opinions, or that discuss topics which are officially taboo. What is officially taboo can change over time.
Answer: PRC
Reasoning steps: Who was able to describe the process of evaporation? Answer: Wang Chong
What country was Wang Chong in? Answer: China
Book censorship in China >> country Answer: PRC
Question: Who was the first European to reach the country where the birthplace of Shi Na is located?
Context: Document 1: 2007 Shandong coal mine flood: The 2007 Shandong coal mine flood was an incident that occurred on August 17, 2007 in Xintai, Shandong, People's Republic of China, when heavy rain caused a river to burst a levee creating a flood into two mine shafts. By 8:50 am (1:50GMT), the mine was inundated underwater.
Document 2: Shi Na: Shi Na (born February 17, 1981 in Xintai, Shandong) is a Chinese athletics race walker. She represented her country at the 20 km race walk event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Document 3: Chronology of European exploration of Asia: A Roman diplomat or merchant lands in northern Vietnam and visits Nanjing, China and the court of Sun Quan, ruler of Eastern Wu
Answer: A Roman diplomat or merchant
Reasoning steps: Shi Na >> place of birth Answer: Xintai
Xintai >> country Answer: China
who was the first european to reach China Answer: A Roman diplomat or merchant
Question: What is the third busiest airport in the country where Shi Na was born?
Context: Document 1: Shi Na: Shi Na (born February 17, 1981 in Xintai, Shandong) is a Chinese athletics race walker. She represented her country at the 20 km race walk event at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Document 2: Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport: In 2017, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport was China's third-busiest and world's 13th-busiest airport by passenger traffic, with 65,806,977 passengers handled. As for cargo traffic, the airport was China's third-busiest and the 19th-busiest worldwide. Baiyun airport was also the third-busiest airport in China in terms of aircraft movements.
Document 3: 2007 Shandong coal mine flood: The 2007 Shandong coal mine flood was an incident that occurred on August 17, 2007 in Xintai, Shandong, People's Republic of China, when heavy rain caused a river to burst a levee creating a flood into two mine shafts. By 8:50 am (1:50GMT), the mine was inundated underwater.
Answer: Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport
Reasoning steps: Shi Na >> place of birth Answer: Xintai
Xintai >> country Answer: China
What is China 's third busiest airport? Answer: Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport
Question: In what country does book censorship occur where the mouth of the Wei river is found?
Context: Document 1: Book censorship in China: Book censorship in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is implemented or mandated by the PRC's ruling party, the Communist Party of China. Book censorship is widespread in China. Enforcement is strict and sometimes inconsistent. Punishment for violations can result in prison. The Chinese government is extremely sensitive to any opinions on the politics and history of China and its leaders that differ from currently sanctioned opinions, or that discuss topics which are officially taboo. What is officially taboo can change over time.
Document 2: Wei River (Shandong): The Wei River (, "Wèi Hé", also spelled as Wey River) of Shandong Province is a long tributary of the Hai River. Beginning in the southern foothills of the Taihang Mountains in Xinxiang County of Henan Province, the Wei River meets the Grand Canal at Linqing in northwest Shandong province and more or less parallels the Yellow River at some distance for a several kilometers before flowing into the Hai River near Tianjin.
Document 3: Tianjin World Financial Center: The Tianjin Tower, or Jin Tower (), or Tianjin World Financial Center () is a modern supertall skyscraper located in the Heping District of Tianjin, China, on the banks of the Hai River. The mixed-use tower is tall and contains 74 floors above ground and 4 below, with an observation deck at . The area of the glass unitized curtain wall, manufactured by Jangho Group, is 215,000m². It is notable as the first office building in Tianjin to be equipped with double decker elevators.
Answer: PRC
Reasoning steps: Wei River >> mouth of the watercourse Answer: Hai River
Hai River >> country Answer: China
Book censorship in China >> country Answer: PRC
Question: What does the country having a list of tallest buildings in the birth city of Paul Cheng mean?
Context: Document 1: Paul Cheng: Paul Cheng Ming-fun, JP (born 19 October 1936, Xiamen) is a Hong Kong entrepreneur and politician. He was first appointed to Legislative Council in 1988 and was the LegCo member for the Commercial (First) constituency (1995–97) and also the Provisional Legislative Council (1996–98). He was the chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce from 1992 to 1994 and honorary steward of the Hong Kong Jockey Club.
Document 2: List of tallest buildings in Xiamen: This list of tallest buildings in Xiamen ranks skyscrapers in the southeastern coastal city of Xiamen, China by height. Xiamen is sub-provincial city under Fujian province it became one of China's earliest Special Economic Zones in the 1980s. The tallest building in Xiamen is currently Xiamen International Centre which rises 339.88 m.
Document 3: Qing dynasty: After conquering "China proper", the Manchus identified their state as "China" (中國, Zhōngguó; "Middle Kingdom"), and referred to it as Dulimbai Gurun in Manchu (Dulimbai means "central" or "middle," gurun means "nation" or "state"). The emperors equated the lands of the Qing state (including present day Northeast China, Xinjiang, Mongolia, Tibet and other areas) as "China" in both the Chinese and Manchu languages, defining China as a multi-ethnic state, and rejecting the idea that "China" only meant Han areas. The Qing emperors proclaimed that both Han and non-Han peoples were part of "China." They used both "China" and "Qing" to refer to their state in official documents, international treaties (as the Qing was known internationally as "China" or the "Chinese Empire") and foreign affairs, and "Chinese language" (Dulimbai gurun i bithe) included Chinese, Manchu, and Mongol languages, and "Chinese people" (中國之人 Zhōngguó zhī rén; Manchu: Dulimbai gurun i niyalma) referred to all subjects of the empire. In the Chinese-language versions of its treaties and its maps of the world, the Qing government used "Qing" and "China" interchangeably.
Answer: Middle Kingdom
Reasoning steps: Paul Cheng >> place of birth Answer: Xiamen
list of tallest buildings in Xiamen >> country Answer: China
What does China mean? Answer: Middle Kingdom
Question: What is the third busiest airport in the country that has a list of the tallest buildings in the birthplace of Paul Cheng?
Context: Document 1: List of tallest buildings in Xiamen: This list of tallest buildings in Xiamen ranks skyscrapers in the southeastern coastal city of Xiamen, China by height. Xiamen is sub-provincial city under Fujian province it became one of China's earliest Special Economic Zones in the 1980s. The tallest building in Xiamen is currently Xiamen International Centre which rises 339.88 m.
Document 2: Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport: In 2017, Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport was China's third-busiest and world's 13th-busiest airport by passenger traffic, with 65,806,977 passengers handled. As for cargo traffic, the airport was China's third-busiest and the 19th-busiest worldwide. Baiyun airport was also the third-busiest airport in China in terms of aircraft movements.
Document 3: Paul Cheng: Paul Cheng Ming-fun, JP (born 19 October 1936, Xiamen) is a Hong Kong entrepreneur and politician. He was first appointed to Legislative Council in 1988 and was the LegCo member for the Commercial (First) constituency (1995–97) and also the Provisional Legislative Council (1996–98). He was the chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce from 1992 to 1994 and honorary steward of the Hong Kong Jockey Club.
Answer: Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport
Reasoning steps: Paul Cheng >> place of birth Answer: Xiamen
list of tallest buildings in Xiamen >> country Answer: China
What is China 's third busiest airport? Answer: Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport
Question: Who was the first emperor of the ancient country where Yuan Xikun was born?
Context: Document 1: Qin Shi Huang: Qin Shi Huang (Chinese: 秦始皇; literally: ``First Emperor of Qin '', pronunciation (help info); 18 February 259 BC -- 10 September 210 BC) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and was the first emperor of a unified China. He was born Ying Zheng (嬴政) or Zhao Zheng (趙政), a prince of the state of Qin. He became Zheng, the King of Qin (秦王政) when he was thirteen, then China's first emperor when he was 38 after the Qin had conquered all of the other Warring States and unified all of China in 221 BC. Rather than maintain the title of`` king'' (王 wáng) borne by the previous Shang and Zhou rulers, he ruled as the First Emperor (始皇帝) of the Qin dynasty from 220 to 210 BC. His self - invented title ``emperor ''(皇帝 huángdì), as indicated by his use of the word`` First'', would continue to be borne by Chinese rulers for the next two millennia.
Document 2: List of tallest buildings in Kunming: This list of tallest buildings in Kunming ranks skyscrapers in Kunming, Yunnan, China by height. the tallest buildings in Kunming are the twin towers at Wanda Plaza (Fanya International Finance Building North/South). Before that, the 150-meter (492-foot) Kai Wah Plaza A dominated the skyline for many years.
Document 3: Yuan Xikun: Yuan Xikun (born 1944 in Kunming, Yunnan Province) is a Chinese visual artist and environmental activist. In 2011, Yuan proposed building a giant sculpture composed of sand collected from five of earth's continents and water from its Arctic and Antarctic regions to draw attention to ozone depletion and climate change.
Answer: Qin Shi Huang
Reasoning steps: Yuan Xikun >> place of birth Answer: Kunming
list of tallest buildings in Kunming >> country Answer: China
who was the first emperor of ancient China Answer: Qin Shi Huang
Question: Who is the spouse of the person who defeated the last song emperor of the country where Pugs originated?
Context: Document 1: Song dynasty: The Song dynasty is divided into two distinct periods, Northern and Southern. During the Northern Song (Chinese: 北宋; 960 -- 1127), the Song capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of what is now Eastern China. The Southern Song (Chinese: 南宋; 1127 -- 1279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of its northern half to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in the Jin -- Song Wars. During this time, the Song court retreated south of the Yangtze and established its capital at Lin'an (now Hangzhou). Although the Song dynasty had lost control of the traditional ``birthplace of Chinese civilization ''along the Yellow River, the Song economy was still strong, as the Southern Song Empire contained a large population and productive agricultural land. The Southern Song dynasty considerably bolstered its naval strength to defend its waters and land borders and to conduct maritime missions abroad. To repel the Jin, and later the Mongols, the Song developed revolutionary new military technology augmented by the use of gunpowder. In 1234, the Jin dynasty was conquered by the Mongols, who took control of northern China, maintaining uneasy relations with the Southern Song. Möngke Khan, the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, died in 1259 while besieging the city of Chongqing. His younger brother Kublai Khan was proclaimed the new Great Khan, though his claim was only partially recognized by the Mongols in the west. In 1271, Kublai Khan was proclaimed the Emperor of China. After two decades of sporadic warfare, Kublai Khan's armies conquered the Song dynasty in 1279. The Mongol invasion led to a reunification under the Yuan dynasty (1271 -- 1368).
Document 2: Chabi: According to "The Secret History of the Mongols", Chabi was the favorite wife of Kublai and a valued unofficial adviser throughout his reign. She was a patron of the arts and may have played a key role in advancing the interests of the young Venetian traveler, Marco Polo. It is suspected that Chabi herself may have come under Christian influence, like her mother-in-law, Sorghaghtani.
Document 3: Pug: Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart. In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family.
Answer: Chabi
Reasoning steps: Which was the country for Pug? Answer: China
who defeated the last song emperor of China Answer: Kublai Khan
Kublai Khan >> spouse Answer: Chabi
Question: What was the position of the person who defeated the last song emperor in the country where pugs are from?
Context: Document 1: Song dynasty: The Song dynasty is divided into two distinct periods, Northern and Southern. During the Northern Song (Chinese: 北宋; 960 -- 1127), the Song capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of what is now Eastern China. The Southern Song (Chinese: 南宋; 1127 -- 1279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of its northern half to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in the Jin -- Song Wars. During this time, the Song court retreated south of the Yangtze and established its capital at Lin'an (now Hangzhou). Although the Song dynasty had lost control of the traditional ``birthplace of Chinese civilization ''along the Yellow River, the Song economy was still strong, as the Southern Song Empire contained a large population and productive agricultural land. The Southern Song dynasty considerably bolstered its naval strength to defend its waters and land borders and to conduct maritime missions abroad. To repel the Jin, and later the Mongols, the Song developed revolutionary new military technology augmented by the use of gunpowder. In 1234, the Jin dynasty was conquered by the Mongols, who took control of northern China, maintaining uneasy relations with the Southern Song. Möngke Khan, the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, died in 1259 while besieging the city of Chongqing. His younger brother Kublai Khan was proclaimed the new Great Khan, though his claim was only partially recognized by the Mongols in the west. In 1271, Kublai Khan was proclaimed the Emperor of China. After two decades of sporadic warfare, Kublai Khan's armies conquered the Song dynasty in 1279. The Mongol invasion led to a reunification under the Yuan dynasty (1271 -- 1368).
Document 2: Pug: Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart. In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family.
Document 3: Kublai Khan: Kublai (; ; ) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire ("Ikh Mongol Uls"), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position). He also founded the Yuan dynasty in China as a conquest dynasty in 1271, and ruled as the first Yuan emperor until his death in 1294.
Answer: Khagan
Reasoning steps: Which was the country for Pug? Answer: China
who defeated the last song emperor of China Answer: Kublai Khan
Kublai Khan >> position held Answer: Khagan
Question: Who was the spouse of the person who defeated the last song emperor of the country that was sold to first?
Context: Document 1: Curtiss P-36 Hawk: Internal company designation for a simplified export version with fixed landing gear, two slightly differing aircraft built, first sold to China, second to Argentina
Document 2: Chabi: According to "The Secret History of the Mongols", Chabi was the favorite wife of Kublai and a valued unofficial adviser throughout his reign. She was a patron of the arts and may have played a key role in advancing the interests of the young Venetian traveler, Marco Polo. It is suspected that Chabi herself may have come under Christian influence, like her mother-in-law, Sorghaghtani.
Document 3: Song dynasty: The Song dynasty is divided into two distinct periods, Northern and Southern. During the Northern Song (Chinese: 北宋; 960 -- 1127), the Song capital was in the northern city of Bianjing (now Kaifeng) and the dynasty controlled most of what is now Eastern China. The Southern Song (Chinese: 南宋; 1127 -- 1279) refers to the period after the Song lost control of its northern half to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in the Jin -- Song Wars. During this time, the Song court retreated south of the Yangtze and established its capital at Lin'an (now Hangzhou). Although the Song dynasty had lost control of the traditional ``birthplace of Chinese civilization ''along the Yellow River, the Song economy was still strong, as the Southern Song Empire contained a large population and productive agricultural land. The Southern Song dynasty considerably bolstered its naval strength to defend its waters and land borders and to conduct maritime missions abroad. To repel the Jin, and later the Mongols, the Song developed revolutionary new military technology augmented by the use of gunpowder. In 1234, the Jin dynasty was conquered by the Mongols, who took control of northern China, maintaining uneasy relations with the Southern Song. Möngke Khan, the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, died in 1259 while besieging the city of Chongqing. His younger brother Kublai Khan was proclaimed the new Great Khan, though his claim was only partially recognized by the Mongols in the west. In 1271, Kublai Khan was proclaimed the Emperor of China. After two decades of sporadic warfare, Kublai Khan's armies conquered the Song dynasty in 1279. The Mongol invasion led to a reunification under the Yuan dynasty (1271 -- 1368).
Answer: Chabi
Reasoning steps: What country was sold to first? Answer: China
who defeated the last song emperor of China Answer: Kublai Khan
Kublai Khan >> spouse Answer: Chabi