gzone0111/musique_hotpotqa_graph_retriever huggingface dataset:
Question: When did Australian troops fight in the country Langila is part of?
Context: Document 1: New Britain campaign: Initial fighting on New Britain took place around the western end of the island in December 1943 and January 1944, with US forces landing and securing bases around Arawe and Cape Gloucester. This was followed by a further landing in March 1944 around Talasea, after which little fighting took place between the ground forces on the island. In October 1944, Australian forces took over from the US troops and undertook a Landing at Jacquinot Bay the following month, before beginning a limited offensive to secure a defensive line across the island between Wide Bay and Open Bay behind which they contained the numerically greatly superior Japanese forces for the remainder of the war. The Japanese regarded the New Britain Campaign as a delaying action, and kept their forces concentrated around Rabaul in expectation of a ground assault which never came.
Document 2: Langila: Langila is one of the most active volcanoes of New Britain, Papua New Guinea. It consists of four overlapping volcanic cones on the eastern flank of an older extinct volcano, Talawe. Talawe is the largest volcano in Cape Gloucester. There have been dozens of recorded eruptions since the 19th century from three separate volcanic craters at the summit of Langila. The most recent eruptive cycle of Langila began in August 2006 and continued into early 2007. Volcanic activity at Langila consists of Strombo-Vulcanian and Vulcanian eruptions and lava flows. Langila is one of the most active volcanoes in the Bismark archipelago. The smallest crater is crater number 3.
Answer: October 1944
Reasoning steps: Langila >> part of Answer: New Britain
when did australian troops fight in New Britain Answer: October 1944
Question: In what year was the school where Ed Anuff was educated founded?
Context: Document 1: Institute of technology: Polytechnic Institutes are technological universities, many dating back to the mid-19th century. A handful of world-renowned Elite American universities include the phrases "Institute of Technology", "Polytechnic Institute", "Polytechnic University", or similar phrasing in their names; these are generally research-intensive universities with a focus on engineering, science and technology. The earliest and most famous of these institutions are, respectively, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI, 1824), New York University Tandon School of Engineering (1854) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, 1861). Conversely, schools dubbed "technical colleges" or "technical institutes" generally provide post-secondary training in technical and mechanical fields, focusing on training vocational skills primarily at a community college level—parallel and sometimes equivalent to the first two years at a bachelor's degree-granting institution.
Document 2: Ed Anuff: Anuff is a graduate of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and author of the best selling Java Sourcebook, published by John Wiley & Sons, one of the first books on the Java programming language.
Answer: 1824
Reasoning steps: Ed Anuff >> educated at Answer: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
In what year was Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded? Answer: 1824
Question: What year was the foundation of the school where Thomas Farrell was educated?
Context: Document 1: Thomas Farrell (general): Farrell graduated from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute with a degree in civil engineering in 1912. During World War I, he served with the 1st Engineers on the Western Front, and was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and the French Croix de guerre. After the war, he was an instructor at the Engineer School, and then at the United States Military Academy at West Point. He resigned from the Regular Army in 1926 to become Commissioner of Canals and Waterway for the State of New York from 1926 to 1930, and head of construction and engineering of the New York State Department of Public Works from 1930 until 1941.
Document 2: Institute of technology: Polytechnic Institutes are technological universities, many dating back to the mid-19th century. A handful of world-renowned Elite American universities include the phrases "Institute of Technology", "Polytechnic Institute", "Polytechnic University", or similar phrasing in their names; these are generally research-intensive universities with a focus on engineering, science and technology. The earliest and most famous of these institutions are, respectively, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI, 1824), New York University Tandon School of Engineering (1854) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, 1861). Conversely, schools dubbed "technical colleges" or "technical institutes" generally provide post-secondary training in technical and mechanical fields, focusing on training vocational skills primarily at a community college level—parallel and sometimes equivalent to the first two years at a bachelor's degree-granting institution.
Answer: 1824
Reasoning steps: Thomas Farrell >> educated at Answer: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
In what year was Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded? Answer: 1824
Question: In what year was the school where James Flaherty was educated founded?
Context: Document 1: James Flaherty: Flaherty attended Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York State and later worked as a high school teacher in Longmeadow, Massachusetts. He worked for a short time as a full-time actor, and now acts while maintaining a full-time teaching career in Western Massachusetts. He is known for his impressions of former president Bill Clinton, as well as Regis Philbin, Donald Trump and Ted Turner.
Document 2: Institute of technology: Polytechnic Institutes are technological universities, many dating back to the mid-19th century. A handful of world-renowned Elite American universities include the phrases "Institute of Technology", "Polytechnic Institute", "Polytechnic University", or similar phrasing in their names; these are generally research-intensive universities with a focus on engineering, science and technology. The earliest and most famous of these institutions are, respectively, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI, 1824), New York University Tandon School of Engineering (1854) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT, 1861). Conversely, schools dubbed "technical colleges" or "technical institutes" generally provide post-secondary training in technical and mechanical fields, focusing on training vocational skills primarily at a community college level—parallel and sometimes equivalent to the first two years at a bachelor's degree-granting institution.
Answer: 1824
Reasoning steps: James Flaherty >> educated at Answer: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
In what year was Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute founded? Answer: 1824
Question: In what year was the psychologist who founded functional psychology born?
Context: Document 1: Empiricism: Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained that the empirically observed "directly apprehended universe needs ... no extraneous trans-empirical connective support", by which he meant to rule out the perception that there can be any value added by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena. James's "radical empiricism" is thus not radical in the context of the term "empiricism", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term "empirical". (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.)
Document 2: Functional psychology: William James is considered to be the founder of functional psychology. Although he would not consider himself as a functionalist, nor did he truly like the way science divided itself into schools. John Dewey, George Herbert Mead, Harvey A. Carr, and especially James Rowland Angell were the main proponents of functionalism at the University of Chicago. Another group at Columbia, including notably James McKeen Cattell, Edward L. Thorndike, and Robert S. Woodworth, were also considered functionalists and shared some of the opinions of Chicago's professors. Egon Brunswik represents a more recent, but Continental, version. The functionalists retained an emphasis on conscious experience.
Answer: 1842
Reasoning steps: who founded the school of functionalism and what were its primary beliefs Answer: William James
When was William James born? Answer: 1842
Question: What league is the team Elie Ngoyi played for part of?
Context: Document 1: Elie Ngoyi: Elie Ngoyi (born September 25, 1988) is a Canadian football defensive end. He was drafted by the Edmonton Eskimos in the sixth round of the 2013 CFL Draft. He played CIS football at Bishop's University.
Document 2: Edmonton Eskimos: The Edmonton Eskimos are a professional Canadian football team based in Edmonton, Alberta, competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League (CFL). The Eskimos play their home games at The Brick Field at Commonwealth Stadium and are the third-youngest franchise in the CFL. The Eskimos were founded in 1949, although there were clubs with the name Edmonton Eskimos as early as 1895. The Eskimos are arguably the most successful CFL franchise of the modern era (since 1954), having won the league's Grey Cup championship fourteen times, second overall only to the Toronto Argonauts who have won seventeen. This includes a three-peat between 1954 and 1956 and an unmatched five consecutive wins between 1978 and 1982, and most recently in 2015.
Answer: Canadian Football League
Reasoning steps: Which team does Elie Ngoyi play for? Answer: Edmonton Eskimos
What league was Edmonton Eskimos ? Answer: Canadian Football League
Question: Who is the father of the person who created the Cheshire Cat?
Context: Document 1: Charles Dodgson (priest): Charles Dodgson was born in 1800 in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, the son of Charles Dodgson, an army captain, and grandson of Charles Dodgson, Bishop of Elphin. He was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated in 1821 with a double first in mathematics and classics. He was elected a Student of Christ Church and taught mathematics there until 1827.
Document 2: Cheshire Cat: The Cheshire Cat ( or ) is a fictional cat popularised by Lewis Carroll in "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and known for its distinctive mischievous grin. While most often celebrated in "Alice"-related contexts, the Cheshire Cat predates the 1865 novel and has transcended the context of literature and become enmeshed in popular culture, appearing in various forms of media, from political cartoons to television, as well as cross-disciplinary studies, from business to science. One of its distinguishing features is that from time to time its body disappears, the last thing visible being its iconic grin.
Answer: Charles Dodgson
Reasoning steps: The Cheshire Cat was made by whom? Answer: Lewis Carroll
Lewis Carroll >> father Answer: Charles Dodgson
Question: When did the author of The Varieties of Religious Experience die?
Context: Document 1: Empiricism: Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained that the empirically observed "directly apprehended universe needs ... no extraneous trans-empirical connective support", by which he meant to rule out the perception that there can be any value added by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena. James's "radical empiricism" is thus not radical in the context of the term "empiricism", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term "empirical". (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.)
Document 2: The Varieties of Religious Experience: The Varieties of Religious Experience: A Study in Human Nature is a book by Harvard University psychologist and philosopher William James. It comprises his edited Gifford Lectures on natural theology, which were delivered at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland in 1901 and 1902. The lectures concerned the nature of religion and the neglect of science in the academic study of religion.
Answer: 1910
Reasoning steps: The Varieties of Religious Experience >> author Answer: William James
When did William James die? Answer: 1910
Question: When did the admiral twin open in Oklahoma's 2nd-largest city?
Context: Document 1: Admiral Twin: Admiral Twin released their debut CD, Unlucky, in December 1997 on independent New Pop Revival Records. The band consisted of Brad Becker (vocals, guitar, keyboards, and more), Mark Carr (vocals, bass), Jarrod Gollihare (vocals, drums), and John Russell (vocals, guitar). All of the members are also songwriters. In support of Unlucky, they toured with local Tulsa pop - stars, Hanson, as the opening act on the Albertane Tour in the summer of 1998, playing to sold out crowds and many thousands of fans.
Document 2: Oklahoma: Oklahoma is part of a geographical region characterized by conservative and Evangelical Christianity known as the "Bible Belt". Spanning the southern and eastern parts of the United States, the area is known for politically and socially conservative views, even though Oklahoma has more voters registered with the Democratic Party than with any other party. Tulsa, the state's second largest city, home to Oral Roberts University, is sometimes called the "buckle of the Bible Belt". According to the Pew Research Center, the majority of Oklahoma's religious adherents – 85 percent – are Christian, accounting for about 80 percent of the population. The percentage of Oklahomans affiliated with Catholicism is half of the national average, while the percentage affiliated with Evangelical Protestantism is more than twice the national average – tied with Arkansas for the largest percentage of any state.
Answer: 1998
Reasoning steps: What is Oklahoma's 2nd-largest city? Answer: Tulsa
when did the admiral twin open in Tulsa Answer: 1998
Question: In what year was the death of the person who founded the school of functionalism and its primary beliefs?
Context: Document 1: Functional psychology: William James is considered to be the founder of functional psychology. Although he would not consider himself as a functionalist, nor did he truly like the way science divided itself into schools. John Dewey, George Herbert Mead, Harvey A. Carr, and especially James Rowland Angell were the main proponents of functionalism at the University of Chicago. Another group at Columbia, including notably James McKeen Cattell, Edward L. Thorndike, and Robert S. Woodworth, were also considered functionalists and shared some of the opinions of Chicago's professors. Egon Brunswik represents a more recent, but Continental, version. The functionalists retained an emphasis on conscious experience.
Document 2: Empiricism: Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained that the empirically observed "directly apprehended universe needs ... no extraneous trans-empirical connective support", by which he meant to rule out the perception that there can be any value added by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena. James's "radical empiricism" is thus not radical in the context of the term "empiricism", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term "empirical". (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.)
Answer: 1910
Reasoning steps: who founded the school of functionalism and what were its primary beliefs Answer: William James
When did William James die? Answer: 1910
Question: Who is part of the band that performed the song English Settlement?
Context: Document 1: English Settlement: English Settlement is the fifth studio album and first double album by the English band XTC, released 12 February 1982 on Virgin Records. It reached number 5 on the UK Album Chart for an 11-week stay, and number 48 on the "Billboard" 200 album chart for a 20-week stay.
Document 2: The Official Fuzzy Warbles Collector's Album: The Official Fuzzy Warbles Collector's Album is a CD box set of rarities from XTC guitarist and frontman Andy Partridge. The box set brings together the eight previously released "Fuzzy Warbles" volumes, originally issued between 2002 and 2006, and includes an exclusive ninth disc entitled "Hinges". The large volume of material dates back to 1979.
Answer: Andy Partridge
Reasoning steps: The song English Settlement was by whom? Answer: XTC
XTC >> has part Answer: Andy Partridge
Question: On what date did the child of Qian Liu die?
Context: Document 1: Qian Yuanguan: Qian Yuanguan (錢元瓘) (November 30, 887 – September 17, 941), born Qian Chuanguan (錢傳瓘), formally King Wenmu of Wuyue (吳越文穆王), courtesy name Mingbao (明寶), was the second king of the state of Wuyue, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period of China. During his reign, his kingdom was centred on modern Zhejiang. He ascended to the throne in 932, when his father Qian Liu (King Wusu) left the state in his hands, to 941. He was the father to all three of Wuyue's subsequent kings.
Document 2: Lady Chen (Wusu): Qian Liu died in 932, and Qian Chuanguan took over administration of the state (and changed his name to Qian Yuanguan), although for some time did not use the title of King of Wuyue but instead referred to himself by the military governor title (and, in succession, the Later Tang-bestowed titles of Prince of Wu and Prince of Yue) when reporting to Later Tang, to whom Wuyue was a vassal. (He would assume the king title only years after Lady Chen's death, in 937.) It was said that Qian Yuanguan was respectful and filially pious toward his mother. He also treated her family well, presenting them with many gifts, but never gave them offices on account of her. She died in the early "Qingtai" era (934-936) of the Later Tang emperor Li Congke and was posthumously created the Lady Dowager of Jin, with the posthumous name of "Zhaoyi" ("accomplished and benevolent").
Answer: 941
Reasoning steps: Qian Liu >> child Answer: Qian Yuanguan
On what date did Qian Yuanguan expire? Answer: 941
Question: Who was the actor who played the piano player in the series that has the episode Lay Down Your Burdens?
Context: Document 1: Someone to Watch Over Me (Battlestar Galactica): Alan Sepinwall of The Star - Ledger found that the episode was an excellent showcase for both Katee Sackhoff and Grace Park, and praised director Michael Nankin who ``(infused) this episode with the qualities of a nightmare. ''Michael Saba of Paste Magazine called the episode an`` exercise in building tension through omission'' and felt the episode was ``excellent ''. IGN writer Eric Goldman praised the writers of the show for the plot turns in the episode, in particular the fact that Boomer's returning to the fleet with Ellen Tigh was in fact just a ruse. Goldman felt the subplot involving Kara was`` a bit meandering'' but that Katee Sackhoff and Roark Critchlow gave strong performances. Cinema Blend felt the writers ``threw a neat little curveball ''with the Roark Critchlow piano playing character being Thrace's father. Marc Bernardin of Entertainment Weekly felt the Boomer storyline was`` awesome'' but was less impressed by the storyline involving Thrace, feeling ``that it did n't tell us anything new ''and that the writers had written a very obvious ending to the subplot.
Document 2: Lay Down Your Burdens: "Lay Down Your Burdens" is the two-part second-season finale of the reimagined "Battlestar Galactica" television series. Part 1 aired originally on the Sci Fi Channel on March 3, 2006; Part 2 aired on March 10, 2006 as a 90-minute special.
Answer: Roark Critchlow
Reasoning steps: What series is Lay Down Your Burdens in? Answer: Battlestar Galactica
who was the piano player in Battlestar Galactica Answer: Roark Critchlow
Question: What marked the end of the place where the idea of representative democracy originated?
Context: Document 1: Representative democracy: The Roman Republic was the first government in the western world to have a representative government, despite taking the form of a direct government in the Roman assemblies. The Roman model of governance inspired many political thinkers over the centuries, and today's modern representative democracies imitate more the Roman than the Greek models because it was a state in which supreme power was held by the people and their elected representatives, and which had an elected or nominated leader. Representative democracy is a form of democracy in which people vote for representatives who then vote on policy initiatives as opposed to a direct democracy, a form of democracy in which people vote on policy initiatives directly. A European medieval tradition of selecting representatives from the various estates (classes, but not as we know them today) to advise / control monarchs led to relatively wide familiarity with representative systems inspired by Roman systems.
Document 2: Roman Republic: The Roman Republic (Latin: Res publica Romana; Classical Latin: (ˈreːs ˈpuːb. lɪ. ka roːˈmaː.na)) was the era of ancient Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom, traditionally dated to 509 BC, and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire. It was during this period that Rome's control expanded from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world.
Answer: establishment of the Roman Empire.
Reasoning steps: where did the idea of representative democracy come from Answer: The Roman Republic
what marked the end of The Roman Republic Answer: establishment of the Roman Empire.
Question: Where was the creator of the Cheshire Cat born?
Context: Document 1: Cheshire Cat: The Cheshire Cat ( or ) is a fictional cat popularised by Lewis Carroll in "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland" and known for its distinctive mischievous grin. While most often celebrated in "Alice"-related contexts, the Cheshire Cat predates the 1865 novel and has transcended the context of literature and become enmeshed in popular culture, appearing in various forms of media, from political cartoons to television, as well as cross-disciplinary studies, from business to science. One of its distinguishing features is that from time to time its body disappears, the last thing visible being its iconic grin.
Document 2: Daresbury: In 2006, the annual Creamfields dance festival was held in Daresbury after relocating from the disused Liverpool airport site it had occupied for the six previous years. This saw 40,000 revellers partying from 3pm-6am to a line-up that included live performances from The Prodigy and Zutons, as well as DJ sets from the likes of Sasha, Paul Oakenfold, 2 Many DJ's, Green Velvet and DJ Shadow. As of 2014, the festival has been an annual event at the site.
Answer: Daresbury
Reasoning steps: The Cheshire Cat was made by whom? Answer: Lewis Carroll
Lewis Carroll >> place of birth Answer: Daresbury