gzone0111/musique_hotpotqa_graph_retriever huggingface dataset:
Question: What do you call a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that facilitates gas exchange, is part of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC),  the name of the pathway for water moving from soil through plants to the atmosphere
Context: Document 1: Stoma: In botany, a stoma (plural "stomata"), also called a stomate (plural "stomates") (from Greek στόμα, "mouth"), is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that facilitates gas exchange. The pore is bordered by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells known as guard cells that are responsible for regulating the size of the stomatal opening.
Document 2: Soil plant atmosphere continuum: The soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) is the pathway for water moving from soil through plants to the atmosphere. Continuum in the description highlights the continuous nature of water connection through the pathway. The low water potential of the atmosphere, and relatively higher (i.e. less negative) water potential inside leaves, leads to a diffusion gradient across the stomatal pores of leaves, drawing water out of the leaves as vapour. As water vapour transpires out of the leaf, further water molecules evaporate off the surface of mesophyll cells to replace the lost molecules since water in the air inside leaves is maintained at saturation vapour pressure. Water lost at the surface of cells is replaced by water from the xylem, which due to the cohesion-tension properties of water in the xylem of plants pulls additional water molecules through the xylem from the roots toward the leaf.
Answer: stoma
Question: Which board game has origins among the Maya people of the Guatemalan highlands, Abalone or Bul?
Context: Document 1: Abalone (board game): Abalone is an award-winning two-player abstract strategy board game designed by Michel Lalet and Laurent Lévi in 1987. Players are represented by opposing black and white marbles on a hexagonal board with the objective of pushing six of the opponent's marbles off the edge of the board.
Document 2: Bul (game): Bul, also called "Buul", "Boolik" or "Puluc", is a running-fight board game originating in Mesoamerica, and is known particularly among several of the Maya peoples of the Guatemalan highlands. It is uncertain whether this specific game dates back to the pre-Columbian Maya civilization, or whether instead it developed in the post-colonial era after the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores.
Answer: Bul
Question: What is the capital of the northern state whose last gubernatorial elections that took place during an election year in 1964?
Context: Document 1: Massachusetts: Massachusetts ( or ), officially the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, is the most populous state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the states of Connecticut and Rhode Island to the south, New Hampshire and Vermont to the north, and New York to the west. The state is named for the Massachusett tribe, which once inhabited the area. The capital of Massachusetts and the most populous city in New England is Boston. Over 80% of Massachusetts's population lives in the Greater Boston metropolitan area, a region influential upon American history, academia, and industry. Originally dependent on agriculture, fishing and trade, Massachusetts was transformed into a manufacturing center during the Industrial Revolution. During the 20th century, Massachusetts's economy shifted from manufacturing to services. Modern Massachusetts is a global leader in biotechnology, engineering, higher education, finance, and maritime trade.
Document 2: United States gubernatorial elections, 1964: United States gubernatorial elections were held 3 November 1964, concurrently with the presidential election. Elections were held in 25 states and 1 territory. This was the last gubernatorial elections for Florida, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Nebraska to take place in a presidential election year. Florida switched its governor election years to midterm years, while the other three expanded their terms from two to four years, this election also coincided with the Senate and the House elections.
Answer: Boston
Question: In which newspaper was the short story published, of which the film Maniac is a loose adaptation ?
Context: Document 1: The Black Cat (short story): "The Black Cat" is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe. It was first published in the August 19, 1843, edition of "The Saturday Evening Post". It is a study of the psychology of guilt, often paired in analysis with Poe's "The Tell-Tale Heart". In both, a murderer carefully conceals his crime and believes himself unassailable, but eventually breaks down and reveals himself, impelled by a nagging reminder of his guilt.
Document 2: Maniac (1934 film): Maniac, also known as Sex Maniac, is a 1934 black-and-white exploitation/horror film, directed by Dwain Esper and written by Hildagarde Stadie, Esper's wife, as a loose adaptation of the Edgar Allan Poe story "The Black Cat", with references to his "Murders in the Rue Morgue". Esper and Stadie also made the 1936 exploitation film "Marihuana".
Answer: The Saturday Evening Post
Question: When was the county that  Manana Island is in founded?
Context: Document 1: Lincoln County, Maine: Lincoln County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine. As of the 2010 census, the population was 34,457. Its county seat is Wiscasset. The county was founded in 1760 from a portion of York County, Massachusetts and named after the English city Lincoln, the birthplace of Massachusetts Bay Provincial Governor Thomas Pownall.
Document 2: Manana Island (Maine): Manana Island is an island in Lincoln County, Maine, United States, lying adjacent to Monhegan island, about 10 mi off Pemaquid Point on the mainland. The island is part of the Plantation of Monhegan.
Answer: 1760
Question: Which players' team, Seth or Stephen Curry, is closer to New Orleans?
Context: Document 1: Stephen Curry: Wardell Stephen Curry II (born March 14, 1988) is an American professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Many players and analysts have called him the greatest shooter in NBA history. In 2014–15, Curry won the NBA Most Valuable Player Award and led the Warriors to their first championship since 1975. The following season, he became the first player in NBA history to be elected MVP by a unanimous vote and to lead the league in scoring while shooting above 50–40–90. That same year, the Warriors broke the record for the most wins in an NBA season. Curry helped the Warriors return to the NBA Finals for a third straight year in 2017, where he won his second NBA championship.
Document 2: Seth Curry: Seth Adham Curry (born August 23, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association (NBA). A native of Charlotte, North Carolina, Curry played collegiately for one year at Liberty University before transferring to Duke. He is the son of former NBA player Dell Curry and the younger brother of current NBA player Stephen Curry.
Answer: Seth Adham Curry
Question: Heatstroke stars an actress who has written how many non-fiction books?
Context: Document 1: Danica McKellar: Danica Mae McKellar (born January 3, 1975) is an American actress, mathematics writer, and education advocate. She played Kevin Arnold's on-off girlfriend Winnie Cooper in the television series "The Wonder Years", and later wrote five non-fiction books: "Math Doesn't Suck", "Kiss My Math", "Hot X: Algebra Exposed", "Girls Get Curves: Geometry Takes Shape", which encourage middle-school and high-school girls to have confidence and succeed in mathematics, and "Goodnight, numbers". From 2010-2012 and 2018–present, McKellar voiced Miss Martian in the animated superhero series Young Justice. In 2015 Mckellar was cast in the Netflix original series "Project Mc".
Document 2: Heatstroke (film): Heatstroke is a Sci Fi Channel original movie. The film stars D. B. Sweeney and Danica McKellar. It was made by the team that made "Farscape". The film was written by Richard Manning and David Kemper, produced by David Kemper, and directed by Andrew Prowse.
Answer: five
Question: Peter Ivers was a member of the revolutionary organization involved in what uprising against British rule?
Context: Document 1: Irish Rebellion of 1798: The Irish Rebellion of 1798 (Irish: "Éirí Amach 1798" ), also known as the United Irishmen Rebellion (Irish: "Éirí Amach na nÉireannach Aontaithe" ), was an uprising against British rule in Ireland lasting from May to September 1798. The United Irishmen, a republican revolutionary group influenced by the ideas of the American and French revolutions, were the main organising force behind the rebellion.
Document 2: Peter Ivers (United Irishmen): Peter Ivers (b. 1774 Tinryland, County Carlow, Ireland) was a leading member of the United Irishmen, an 18th-century Irish republican revolutionary organisation involved in the Irish Rebellion of 1798.
Answer: The Irish Rebellion of 1798
Question: Christopher Nelson is an American makeup artist, VFX artist, writer and actor, he's best known for his makeup and stylings for films such as World War Z, a 2013 American action horror film, directed by who?
Context: Document 1: Christopher Nelson (makeup artist): Christopher Nelson is an American makeup artist, VFX artist, writer and actor. He is best known for his makeup and stylings for films such as "", "", "", "Sin City", "", "The Amazing Spider-Man", "World War Z", "Deadpool", "Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2" and "Suicide Squad" (2016) has earned him numerous awards and nominations. He also played the groom of Beatrix "Black Mamba" Kiddo in "Kill Bill: Volume 2".
Document 2: World War Z (film): World War Z is a 2013 American action horror film directed by Marc Forster. The screenplay by Matthew Michael Carnahan, Drew Goddard, and Damon Lindelof is from a screen story by Carnahan and J. Michael Straczynski, based on the title of the 2006 novel of the same name by Max Brooks. The film stars Brad Pitt as Gerry Lane, a former United Nations investigator who must travel the world to find a way to stop a zombie pandemic.
Answer: Marc Forster
Question: Consider the male judge of Deutschland sucht den Superstar who left after season 9. In what year was he born?
Context: Document 1: Deutschland sucht den Superstar (season 10): Deutschland sucht den Superstar (season 10) was the tenth season of Deutschland sucht den Superstar. The winner gets a recording contract with Universal Music Group and €500 000. There were new features in season 10. Participants had to be between 16 and 30 years old and could audition in 30 cities in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Bill and Tom Kaulitz from Tokio Hotel and Mateo from Culcha Candela became judges. Bruce Darnell and Natalie Horler both left after the completion of season 9. There was a trip to Curaçao during the recall. This is the first season in which three women reached the final four and the second season with a female final 2. After nine years, the show produced a female winner, since Elli Erl in Season 2. Beatrice Egli won the show as the second female winner.
Document 2: Bruce Darnell: Bruce Darnell (born July 19, 1957) is an American model and choreographer based in Germany.
Answer: 1957
Question: Robert Collier, 2nd Baron Monkswell was briefly Under-Secretary of State for War under a man who was known by the courtesy title of?
Context: Document 1: Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery: Archibald Philip Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery, 1st Earl of Midlothian, (7 May 1847 – 21 May 1929) was a British Liberal statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 5 March 1894 to 22 June 1895. Between the death of his father, in 1851, and the death of his grandfather, the 4th Earl, in 1868, he was known by the courtesy title of Lord Dalmeny.
Document 2: Robert Collier, 2nd Baron Monkswell: Robert Collier, 2nd Baron Monkswell (26 March 1845 – 22 December 1909), was a British Liberal politician. He was briefly Under-Secretary of State for War under The Earl of Rosebery in 1895. As a young man, he was a first-class cricketer active from 1866 to 1867. He was born and died in Chelsea.
Answer: Lord Dalmeny
Question: Rocktaves is a semi-professional rock festival organised in which country at the university level, bands like Parikrama, have risen to fame after winning Rocktaves?
Context: Document 1: Parikrama (band): Parikrama (Hindi: परिक्रमा) is a rock and roll band from Delhi, India. They have several live performances and original numbers to their name. The band was officially formed on 17 June 1991 in Delhi. The word "parikrama" means 'orbital revolutions' in Sanskrit.
Document 2: Rocktaves: Rocktaves is a semi-professional rock festival organised in India at the university level. Held every year in BITS, Pilani during its annual cultural fest Oasis, it has served as a platform for upcoming Indian bands, launching many bands to fame. Bands like Parikrama, Indian Ocean, Prestorika and Euphoria have risen to fame after winning Rocktaves. In 2008, Lounge Piranha, a rock band from Bangalore promoted their new album during Rocktaves.
Answer: India
Question: Who was born first, Brad Silberling or Eldar Ryazanov?
Context: Document 1: Eldar Ryazanov: Eldar Alexandrovich Ryazanov (Russian: Эльда́р Алекса́ндрович Ряза́нов ; 18 November 1927 – 30 November 2015) was a Russian film director and screenwriter whose popular comedies, satirizing the daily life of the Soviet Union and Russia, are celebrated throughout the former Soviet Union.
Document 2: Brad Silberling: Bradley Mitchell "Brad" Silberling (born September 8, 1963) is an American television and film director known for directing feature films such as "Casper" (1995), "City of Angels" (1998), "Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events" (2004) and "Land of the Lost" (2009).
Answer: Eldar Alexandrovich Ryazanov
Question: What is the primary flavoring of the Kendal originated confection made by the Quiggin's company?
Context: Document 1: Quiggin's: Quiggin's is one of three companies that make Kendal Mint Cake. They were founded in 1880 by the Quiggin's family.
Document 2: Kendal Mint Cake: Kendal Mint Cake is a glucose-based confection flavoured with peppermint. It originates from Kendal in Cumbria, England. Kendal Mint Cake is popular among climbers and mountaineers, especially those from the United Kingdom, as a source of energy.
Answer: peppermint
Question: Which band 3 Doors Down or Throwing Muses was formed first ?
Context: Document 1: Throwing Muses: Throwing Muses is an alternative rock band formed in 1981 in Newport, Rhode Island, that toured and recorded extensively until 1997, when its members began concentrating more on other projects. The group was originally fronted by two lead singers, Kristin Hersh, and Tanya Donelly, who both wrote the group's songs. Throwing Muses are known for performing music with shifting tempos, creative chord progressions, unorthodox song structures, and surreal lyrics. The group was set apart from other contemporary acts by Hersh's stark, candid writing style; Donelly's pop stylings and vocal harmonies; and David Narcizo's unusual drumming techniques eschewing use of cymbals. Hersh's hallucinatory, febrile songs occasionally touched on the subject of mental illness, more often drawing portraits of characters from daily life or addressing relationships.
Document 2: 3 Doors Down: 3 Doors Down is an American rock band from Escatawpa, Mississippi, that formed in 1996. The band originally consisted of Brad Arnold (lead vocals/drums), Todd Harrell (bass), and Matt Roberts (lead guitar, backing vocals). They were soon joined by rhythm guitarist Chris Henderson. The band rose to international fame with their first single, "Kryptonite", which charted in the top three on the "Billboard" Hot 100 chart. The band then signed with Republic Records and released their debut album, "The Better Life", in 2000. The album was the 11th-best-selling album of the year and was certified 6x platinum in the United States. They were later joined by drummer Richard Liles, who played during the tour for their first album.
Answer: Throwing Muses
Question: What is the nickname for the racetrack that hosted the 2011 Lenox Industrial Tools 301 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series motor race?
Context: Document 1: New Hampshire Motor Speedway: New Hampshire Motor Speedway is a 1.058 mi oval speedway located in Loudon, New Hampshire, which has hosted NASCAR racing annually since the early 1990s, as well as the longest-running motorcycle race in North America, the Loudon Classic. Nicknamed "The Magic Mile", the speedway is often converted into a 1.6 mi road course, which includes much of the oval.
Document 2: 2011 Lenox Industrial Tools 301: The 2011 Lenox Industrial Tools 301 was a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series motor race held on July 17, 2011 at New Hampshire Motor Speedway in Loudon, New Hampshire. Contested over 301 laps on the 1.058-mile (1.703 km) asphalt oval, it was the 19th race of the 2011 Sprint Cup Series season. The race was won by Ryan Newman of Stewart Haas Racing, his first win of 2011. Newman's teammate and owner, Tony Stewart finished second and Denny Hamlin clinched third.
Answer: "The Magic Mile"
Question: For which band is American musician Warren Klein who studied Indian classical music as an art music tradition and was accepted as a disciple of Ravi Shankar, best known?
Context: Document 1: Indian classical music: "Indian classical music is one of many forms of art music that have their roots in particular regional cultures. For other "classical" and art music traditions, see List of classical and art music traditions."
Document 2: Warren Klein: Warren Klein is an American musician, best known for being a guitarist in The Stooges in spring of 1973, as a founding member & lead guitarist of The Factory with Lowell George (produced by Frank Zappa), and as a member of The Fraternity of Man (Don't Bogart Me). He also played in the band 'Road' with Noel Redding, the band 'Tarantula', and founded groups 'The Emergency', 'Tornado', 'Lazer' (the original), and 'The Wolves'. He studied Indian classical music and was accepted as a disciple of Ravi Shankar at the latter's Kinnara School of Music in Los Angeles. At Shankar's request, he composed and played the music over the montage of stills in the Academy Award-winning film "Charly".
Answer: The Stooges
Question: John Kenley, was an American theatrical producer who pioneered the use of television stars in summer stock productions, his Kenley Players company was described by Variety as "the largest network of theaters on the straw-hat circuit.", it was an Equity summer stock theatre company which presented hundreds of productions featuring Broadway, film, and television stars in Midwestern cities between 1940 and which year?
Context: Document 1: John Kenley: John Kenley (February 20, 1906 – October 23, 2009) was an American theatrical producer who pioneered the use of television stars in summer stock productions. In 1950, he was the first producer to desegregate live theater in Washington, DC. In 2004 he was made an Honorary Life Member of Actors' Equity for his contributions to American theater. His Kenley Players company was described by Variety as "the largest network of theaters on the straw-hat circuit."
Document 2: Kenley Players: The Kenley Players was an Equity summer stock theatre company which presented hundreds of productions featuring Broadway, film, and television stars in Midwestern cities between 1940 and 1996. "Variety" called it the "largest network of theaters on the straw hat circuit." Founded by and operated for its entire lifespan by John Kenley, it is credited with laying the groundwork for Broadway touring companies.
Answer: 1996
Question: Vampire is a 24 issue series, created by writer J. M. DeMatteis, that appeared in American comic book "House of Mystery" between 1981 and 1983, House of Mystery is the name of several horror, fantasy, and mystery anthology comic book magazine series published by ?
Context: Document 1: House of Mystery: The House of Mystery is the name of several horror, fantasy, and mystery anthology comic book magazine series published by DC Comics. It had a companion series, "House of Secrets".
Document 2: I…Vampire: I...Vampire is a 24 issue series, created by writer J. M. DeMatteis, that appeared in American comic book "House of Mystery" between 1981 and 1983. It originally started as a backup story among "House of Mystery"'s three story format but soon became so popular that it eventually overtook the title on the cover. Even "I...Vampire"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s finale was almost book length.
Answer: DC Comics
Question: John Clay Walker was murdered by members of the Guadalajara Cartel under orders of their leader that was born in what year?
Context: Document 1: Rafael Caro Quintero: Rafael Caro Quintero (born October 3, 1952) is a Mexican drug trafficker who founded the now-disintegrated Guadalajara Cartel with Miguel Ángel Félix Gallardo and other drug traffickers in the 1970s. He is the brother of fellow drug trafficker Miguel Caro Quintero, the founder and former leader of the extinct Sonora Cartel who remains incarcerated.
Document 2: John Clay Walker: John Clay Walker (October 5, 1948 - January 30, 1985) was an American journalist and aspiring novelist who was abducted, tortured and murdered in Mexico by members of the Guadalajara Cartel under orders of their leader Rafael Caro Quintero. Caro Quintero suspected Walker of working as an undercover U.S. Drug Enforcement Agent (DEA) while he lived in Guadalajara, Jalisco.
Answer: 1952
Question: In what year did the singer of The Fact Is have her debut?
Context: Document 1: Jill Scott: Jill Scott (born April 4, 1972) is an American singer-songwriter, model, poet and actress. Her 2000 debut, "Who Is Jill Scott? Words and Sounds Vol. 1", went platinum, and the follow-ups "" (2004) and "" (2007) both achieved gold status. She made her cinematic debut in the films "Hounddog" and Tyler Perry's "Why Did I Get Married?" in 2007.
Document 2: The Fact Is (I Need You): "The Fact Is (I Need You)" is a song by American R&B/soul singer/actress Jill Scott. It was released as a radio single in support of Scott's second studio album, "". It was the fourth and final single from the album. The track is also featured on her live album, "Live in Paris+".
Answer: 2000
Question: What bill president Clinton sign at the school mentioned in his wife’s book about childhood influences?
Context: Document 1: O'Farrell Community School: O'Farrell Community School or The O'Farrell Charter School (CDE official name) commonly referred to as O'Farrell is a charter school in the Southeast San Diego neighborhood of Encanto serving grades K-12 in the K-12 American education system. The school opened its doors in the San Diego Unified School District in 1959 with its name chosen in 1957 as Mabel E. O'Farrell Jr. High. It was voted to become a charter school in 1994. President Bill Clinton made a visit to San Diego in 1995 to sign the "Goals 2000" education bill and to visit O'Farrell because it was charter. It was also mentioned in Hillary Clinton's book It Takes a Village. It has a code of conduct of how to become a good citizen called "The Falcon Way", of Focus, Attitude, Leadership Citizenship, Organization, and Non-Violience, that is indoctrinated per student. Instead of being called principal, faculty and students refer to the educational leader as the "Chief Educational Officer" (CEO). The large conspicuous mural in front of the school on the side of the Theatre was a tribute to a faculty member by the nickname "Animal" who died. The mural was painted by students.
Document 2: It Takes a Village: It Takes a Village: And Other Lessons Children Teach Us is a book published in 1996 by First Lady of the United States Hillary Rodham Clinton. In it, Clinton presents her vision for the children of America. She focuses on the impact individuals and groups outside the family have, for better or worse, on a child's well-being, and advocates a society which meets all of a child's needs.
Answer: Goals 2000