gzone0111/musique_hotpotqa_graph_retriever huggingface dataset:
Question: What health problems in humans has the kind of poisoning explaining Newton's later life been directly linked to?
Context: Document 1: Isaac Newton: Newton died in his sleep in London on 20 March 1727 (OS 20 March 1726; NS 31 March 1727). His body was buried in Westminster Abbey. Voltaire may have been present at his funeral. A bachelor, he had divested much of his estate to relatives during his last years, and died intestate. His papers went to John Conduitt and Catherine Barton. After his death, Newton's hair was examined and found to contain mercury, probably resulting from his alchemical pursuits. Mercury poisoning could explain Newton's eccentricity in late life.
Document 2: Mercury in fish: In the United States, the EPA serves as an advisory organ to set the levels of mercury that are non-fatal in humans. Symptoms of exposure to high levels of methyl mercury include disturbed vision, hearing, and speech, lack of coordination, and muscle weakness. Medical studies have examined the correlation of fish consumption and health issues. American studies have presented evidence of fish consumption and its effects on child development. Longitudinal studies agree that human activities are what release and accumulate mercury in marine life. Addressing the issues of fish consumption forces health officials to recognize the sources of mercury in the human body. Specific Native American tribes are vulnerable to a high exposure of mercury. Studies have determined that these native peoples in the United States suffer more from mercury poisoning and illness than any other cohort group in the country. This is due to the fact that fish is a main source of protein. Exposure risk was assessed through a medical study, thus raising judicial issues of whether the public health of these groups is a priority in the United States.
Answer: disturbed vision, hearing, and speech, lack of coordination, and muscle weakness
Reasoning steps: What kind of poisoning helped explain Newton's later life? Answer: Mercury
Mercury has been directly linked to which of the following health problems in humans Answer: disturbed vision, hearing, and speech, lack of coordination, and muscle weakness
Question: What record label does the performer of Sam's Place sign?
Context: Document 1: Buck Owens (1961 album): Buck Owens is the debut album on Capitol Records by Buck Owens, released in 1961. It would mark the beginning of a long association for Owens with producer Ken Nelson.
Document 2: Sam's Place: "Sam's Place" is a 1967 country song written by Red Simpson and recorded by Buck Owens. The single went to number one on the country charts spending three weeks at the top and a total of thirteen weeks on the country charts. The song is about a honky-tonk called "Sam's Place," of which the singer is a regular all-night patron ("You can always find me down at Sam's Place from the setting sun until the break of day."). Other patrons include two women who are nicknamed for their dancing abilities and whose real names happen to rhyme with their respective hometowns: "Shimmy-Shakin'" Tina from Pasadena and "Hootchie-Kootchie" Hattie from Cincinnati.
Answer: Capitol Records
Reasoning steps: Whose performance is Sam's Place? Answer: Buck Owens
Buck Owens >> record label Answer: Capitol Records
Question: What terrain feature is present at the island where Mantzavinata is located?
Context: Document 1: Mantzavinata: Mantzavinata () is a village in the southwest of Kefalonia island, Greece, where the famous Mantzavino Wine is sold. Mantzavinata is 4 km southwest of Lixouri on the Paliki peninsula. Mantzavinata has three churches and a small square called Lemonata. A wine festival is held each August in Mantzavinata.
Document 2: Gulf of Argostoli: The Gulf of Argostoli () is a gulf of the Ionian Sea on the island of Cephalonia, western Greece. It separates the Paliki peninsula from mainland Cephalonia, and opens toward the Ionian Sea in the south. The gulf is long (north to south) and wide. Lixouri, the second-largest town of Cephalonia, is situated on its western shore, and the capital Argostoli is situated on a bay in the eastern shore. The shores of the gulf are mountainous, especially in the east.
Answer: Ionian Sea
Reasoning steps: Which state is Mantzavinata located? Answer: Kefalonia
Kefalonia >> located on terrain feature Answer: Ionian Sea
Question: Which county shares a border with the county where Dow city is located?
Context: Document 1: Dow City, Iowa: Dow City is a city in Crawford County, Iowa, United States, along the Boyer River. The population was 510 at the 2010 census.
Document 2: Black Hawk Bridge: The Black Hawk Bridge spans the Mississippi River, joining the town of Lansing, in Allamakee County, Iowa, to rural Crawford County, Wisconsin. It is the northernmost Mississippi River bridge in Iowa.
Answer: Allamakee County
Reasoning steps: In which county is Dow city located? Answer: Crawford County
Crawford County >> shares border with Answer: Allamakee County
Question: What kind of plane dropped the bomb on the city over which Little Boy was detonated?
Context: Document 1: Uranium: Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
Document 2: Enola Gay: The Enola Gay (/ ɪˈnoʊlə ˈɡeɪ /) is a Boeing B - 29 Superfortress bomber, named for Enola Gay Tibbets, the mother of the pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets, who selected the aircraft while it was still on the assembly line. On 6 August 1945, during the final stages of World War II, it became the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb. The bomb, code - named ``Little Boy '', was targeted at the city of Hiroshima, Japan, and caused unprecedented destruction. Enola Gay participated in the second atomic attack as the weather reconnaissance aircraft for the primary target of Kokura. Clouds and drifting smoke resulted in a secondary target, Nagasaki, being bombed instead.
Answer: Boeing B - 29 Superfortress bomber
Reasoning steps: Over what city was Little Boy detonated? Answer: Hiroshima
what kind of plane dropped the bomb on Hiroshima Answer: Boeing B - 29 Superfortress bomber
Question: Who piloted the plane that dropped the bomb over the city where Little Boy detonated?
Context: Document 1: Uranium: Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
Document 2: Paul Tibbets: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. (23 February 1915 -- 1 November 2007) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force. He is best known as the pilot who flew the Enola Gay (named after his mother) when it dropped Little Boy, the first of two atomic bombs used in warfare, on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Reasoning steps: Over what city was Little Boy detonated? Answer: Hiroshima
who piloted the plane that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Question: In which body of water is Mantzavinata?
Context: Document 1: Gulf of Argostoli: The Gulf of Argostoli () is a gulf of the Ionian Sea on the island of Cephalonia, western Greece. It separates the Paliki peninsula from mainland Cephalonia, and opens toward the Ionian Sea in the south. The gulf is long (north to south) and wide. Lixouri, the second-largest town of Cephalonia, is situated on its western shore, and the capital Argostoli is situated on a bay in the eastern shore. The shores of the gulf are mountainous, especially in the east.
Document 2: Mantzavinata: Mantzavinata () is a village in the southwest of Kefalonia island, Greece, where the famous Mantzavino Wine is sold. Mantzavinata is 4 km southwest of Lixouri on the Paliki peninsula. Mantzavinata has three churches and a small square called Lemonata. A wine festival is held each August in Mantzavinata.
Answer: Ionian Sea
Reasoning steps: Which state is Mantzavinata located? Answer: Kefalonia
Kefalonia >> located in or next to body of water Answer: Ionian Sea
Question: Who was the pilot that dropped the atomic bomb on the city over which Little Boy was detonated?
Context: Document 1: Uranium: Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
Document 2: Paul Tibbets: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. (23 February 1915 -- 1 November 2007) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force. He is best known as the pilot who flew the Enola Gay (named after his mother) when it dropped Little Boy, the first of two atomic bombs used in warfare, on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Reasoning steps: Over what city was Little Boy detonated? Answer: Hiroshima
who was the pilot who dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Question: Who was the pilot who dropped the atomic bomb on the city where Akinoshu Kenji was born?
Context: Document 1: Paul Tibbets: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. (23 February 1915 -- 1 November 2007) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force. He is best known as the pilot who flew the Enola Gay (named after his mother) when it dropped Little Boy, the first of two atomic bombs used in warfare, on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
Document 2: Akinoshū Kenji: Akinoshū Kenji (born 17 January 1969 as Kenji Imada) is a former sumo wrestler from Hiroshima, Japan. He made his professional debut in September 1984, and reached the top division in September 1997. His highest rank was "maegashira" 9. He left the sumo world upon retirement in January 2001.
Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Reasoning steps: Akinoshu Kenji >> place of birth Answer: Hiroshima
who was the pilot who dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Question: Who was the pilot who dropped the atomic bomb on Marii Hasegawa's city of birth?
Context: Document 1: Marii Hasegawa: Hasegawa was born in Hiroshima, Japan. Her family moved to the United States in 1919, after her father, a Buddhist priest, was assigned to serve Buddhists in California. She graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a BA in home economics in 1938.
Document 2: Paul Tibbets: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. (23 February 1915 -- 1 November 2007) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force. He is best known as the pilot who flew the Enola Gay (named after his mother) when it dropped Little Boy, the first of two atomic bombs used in warfare, on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Reasoning steps: Marii Hasegawa >> place of birth Answer: Hiroshima
who was the pilot who dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Question: What kind of plane dropped the bomb on the city where Marii Hasegawa was born?
Context: Document 1: Marii Hasegawa: Hasegawa was born in Hiroshima, Japan. Her family moved to the United States in 1919, after her father, a Buddhist priest, was assigned to serve Buddhists in California. She graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a BA in home economics in 1938.
Document 2: Enola Gay: The Enola Gay (/ ɪˈnoʊlə ˈɡeɪ /) is a Boeing B - 29 Superfortress bomber, named for Enola Gay Tibbets, the mother of the pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets, who selected the aircraft while it was still on the assembly line. On 6 August 1945, during the final stages of World War II, it became the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb. The bomb, code - named ``Little Boy '', was targeted at the city of Hiroshima, Japan, and caused unprecedented destruction. Enola Gay participated in the second atomic attack as the weather reconnaissance aircraft for the primary target of Kokura. Clouds and drifting smoke resulted in a secondary target, Nagasaki, being bombed instead.
Answer: Boeing B - 29 Superfortress bomber
Reasoning steps: Marii Hasegawa >> place of birth Answer: Hiroshima
what kind of plane dropped the bomb on Hiroshima Answer: Boeing B - 29 Superfortress bomber
Question: What kind of plane dropped the bomb on Akinoshu Kenji's birthplace?
Context: Document 1: Enola Gay: The Enola Gay (/ ɪˈnoʊlə ˈɡeɪ /) is a Boeing B - 29 Superfortress bomber, named for Enola Gay Tibbets, the mother of the pilot, Colonel Paul Tibbets, who selected the aircraft while it was still on the assembly line. On 6 August 1945, during the final stages of World War II, it became the first aircraft to drop an atomic bomb. The bomb, code - named ``Little Boy '', was targeted at the city of Hiroshima, Japan, and caused unprecedented destruction. Enola Gay participated in the second atomic attack as the weather reconnaissance aircraft for the primary target of Kokura. Clouds and drifting smoke resulted in a secondary target, Nagasaki, being bombed instead.
Document 2: Akinoshū Kenji: Akinoshū Kenji (born 17 January 1969 as Kenji Imada) is a former sumo wrestler from Hiroshima, Japan. He made his professional debut in September 1984, and reached the top division in September 1997. His highest rank was "maegashira" 9. He left the sumo world upon retirement in January 2001.
Answer: Boeing B - 29 Superfortress bomber
Reasoning steps: Akinoshu Kenji >> place of birth Answer: Hiroshima
what kind of plane dropped the bomb on Hiroshima Answer: Boeing B - 29 Superfortress bomber
Question: Who piloted the plane that dropped the bomb on Marii Hasegawa's birthplace?
Context: Document 1: Marii Hasegawa: Hasegawa was born in Hiroshima, Japan. Her family moved to the United States in 1919, after her father, a Buddhist priest, was assigned to serve Buddhists in California. She graduated from the University of California, Berkeley with a BA in home economics in 1938.
Document 2: Paul Tibbets: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. (23 February 1915 -- 1 November 2007) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force. He is best known as the pilot who flew the Enola Gay (named after his mother) when it dropped Little Boy, the first of two atomic bombs used in warfare, on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Reasoning steps: Marii Hasegawa >> place of birth Answer: Hiroshima
who piloted the plane that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Question: Who was the US president when the city where the first atomic bomb used in war exploded was bombed?
Context: Document 1: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The staff officer went to the airport and took off for the southwest. After flying for about three hours, while still nearly 160 km (100 mi) from Hiroshima, he and his pilot saw a great cloud of smoke from the bomb. After circling the city in order to survey the damage they landed south of the city, where the staff officer, after reporting to Tokyo, began to organize relief measures. Tokyo's first indication that the city had been destroyed by a new type of bomb came from President Truman's announcement of the strike, sixteen hours later.
Document 2: Little Boy: ``Little Boy ''was the codename for the atomic bomb dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945 during World War II by the Boeing B - 29 Superfortress Enola Gay, piloted by Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr., commander of the 509th Composite Group of the United States Army Air Forces. It was the first atomic bomb to be used in warfare. The Hiroshima bombing was the second artificial nuclear explosion in history, after the Trinity test, and the first uranium - based detonation. It exploded with an energy of approximately 15 kilotons of TNT (63 TJ). The bomb caused significant destruction to the city of Hiroshima and its occupants.
Answer: President Truman
Reasoning steps: where did the first atomic bomb used in war explode Answer: Hiroshima
who was the us president when Hiroshima was bombed Answer: President Truman
Question: How many lives were lost in the bombing of nagasaki and the city where Little Boy was detonated?
Context: Document 1: Uranium: Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Little Boy device became the first nuclear weapon used in war when it was detonated over the Japanese city of Hiroshima on 6 August 1945. Exploding with a yield equivalent to 12,500 tonnes of TNT, the blast and thermal wave of the bomb destroyed nearly 50,000 buildings and killed approximately 75,000 people (see Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki). Initially it was believed that uranium was relatively rare, and that nuclear proliferation could be avoided by simply buying up all known uranium stocks, but within a decade large deposits of it were discovered in many places around the world.
Document 2: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: During the final stage of World War II, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history.
Answer: at least 129,000 people
Reasoning steps: Over what city was Little Boy detonated? Answer: Hiroshima
how many lives were lost in the bombing of Hiroshima and nagasaki Answer: at least 129,000 people
Question: Who piloted the plane that dropped the bomb on the birthplace of Akinoshu Kenji?
Context: Document 1: Paul Tibbets: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. (23 February 1915 -- 1 November 2007) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force. He is best known as the pilot who flew the Enola Gay (named after his mother) when it dropped Little Boy, the first of two atomic bombs used in warfare, on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
Document 2: Akinoshū Kenji: Akinoshū Kenji (born 17 January 1969 as Kenji Imada) is a former sumo wrestler from Hiroshima, Japan. He made his professional debut in September 1984, and reached the top division in September 1997. His highest rank was "maegashira" 9. He left the sumo world upon retirement in January 2001.
Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Reasoning steps: Akinoshu Kenji >> place of birth Answer: Hiroshima
who piloted the plane that dropped the bomb on Hiroshima Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Question: Who was the pilot who dropped the atomic bomb on the first Japanese city nuked by the United States?
Context: Document 1: Paul Tibbets: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr. (23 February 1915 -- 1 November 2007) was a brigadier general in the United States Air Force. He is best known as the pilot who flew the Enola Gay (named after his mother) when it dropped Little Boy, the first of two atomic bombs used in warfare, on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
Document 2: Pacific War: On 6 August 1945, the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima in the first nuclear attack in history. In a press release issued after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima, Truman warned Japan to surrender or "...expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth." Three days later, on 9 August, the U.S. dropped another atomic bomb on Nagasaki, the last nuclear attack in history. More than 140,000–240,000 people died as a direct result of these two bombings. The necessity of the atomic bombings has long been debated, with detractors claiming that a naval blockade and aerial bombing campaign had already made invasion, hence the atomic bomb, unnecessary. However, other scholars have argued that the bombings shocked the Japanese government into surrender, with Emperor finally indicating his wish to stop the war. Another argument in favor of the atomic bombs is that they helped avoid Operation Downfall, or a prolonged blockade and bombing campaign, any of which would have exacted much higher casualties among Japanese civilians. Historian Richard B. Frank wrote that a Soviet invasion of Japan was never likely because they had insufficient naval capability to mount an amphibious invasion of Hokkaidō.
Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Reasoning steps: What was the forst Japenese city nuked by the United States? Answer: Hiroshima
who was the pilot who dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima Answer: Paul Warfield Tibbets Jr.
Question: How many lives were lost in the bombing of Nagasaki and Akinoshu Kenji's birthplace?
Context: Document 1: Akinoshū Kenji: Akinoshū Kenji (born 17 January 1969 as Kenji Imada) is a former sumo wrestler from Hiroshima, Japan. He made his professional debut in September 1984, and reached the top division in September 1997. His highest rank was "maegashira" 9. He left the sumo world upon retirement in January 2001.
Document 2: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki: During the final stage of World War II, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, respectively. The United States had dropped the bombs with the consent of the United Kingdom as outlined in the Quebec Agreement. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history.
Answer: at least 129,000 people
Reasoning steps: Akinoshu Kenji >> place of birth Answer: Hiroshima
how many lives were lost in the bombing of Hiroshima and nagasaki Answer: at least 129,000 people