# Buggy code
def get_function(self):
    def not_equal_scalar(vals):
        # case to correct pandas type for comparison
        return pd.Series(vals).astype(pd.Series([self.value]).dtype) != self.value

    return not_equal_scalar


# Traceback (ValueError)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError                                Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-6-8bb8b3216cc3> in <module>
6     target_entity=MONTH_ENTITY_NAME,
7     features_only=not RUN_DFS,
----> 8     **dfs_definition
9 )
10

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\featuretools\synthesis\dfs.py in dfs(entities, relationships, entityset, target_entity, cutoff_time, instance_ids, agg_primitives, trans_primitives, groupby_trans_primitives, allowed_paths, max_depth, ignore_entities, ignore_variables, seed_features, drop_contains, drop_exact, where_primitives, max_features, cutoff_time_in_index, save_progress, features_only, training_window, approximate, chunk_size, n_jobs, dask_kwargs, verbose, return_variable_types)
233                                                   n_jobs=n_jobs,
234                                                   dask_kwargs=dask_kwargs,
--> 235                                                   verbose=verbose)
236     return feature_matrix, features

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\featuretools\computational_backends\calculate_feature_matrix.py in calculate_feature_matrix(features, entityset, cutoff_time, instance_ids, entities, relationships, cutoff_time_in_index, training_window, approximate, save_progress, verbose, chunk_size, n_jobs, dask_kwargs, profile)
252                                                    target_time=target_time,
253                                                    pass_columns=pass_columns,
--> 254                                                    dask_kwargs=dask_kwargs or {})
255     else:
256         feature_matrix = linear_calculate_chunks(chunks=chunks,

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\featuretools\computational_backends\calculate_feature_matrix.py in parallel_calculate_chunks(chunks, features, approximate, training_window, verbose, save_progress, entityset, n_jobs, no_unapproximated_aggs, cutoff_df_time_var, target_time, pass_columns, dask_kwargs)
600             pbar = make_tqdm_iterator(total=len(_chunks), bar_format=pbar_str)
601         for batch in iterator:
--> 602             results = client.gather(batch)
603             for result in results:
604                 feature_matrix.append(result)

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\distributed\client.py in gather(self, futures, errors, maxsize, direct, asynchronous)
1654             return self.sync(self._gather, futures, errors=errors,
1655                              direct=direct, local_worker=local_worker,
-> 1656                              asynchronous=asynchronous)
1657
1658     @gen.coroutine

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\distributed\client.py in sync(self, func, *args, **kwargs)
674             return future
675         else:
--> 676             return sync(self.loop, func, *args, **kwargs)
677
678     def __repr__(self):

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\distributed\utils.py in sync(loop, func, *args, **kwargs)
275             e.wait(10)
276     if error[0]:
--> 277         six.reraise(*error[0])
278     else:
279         return result[0]

~\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python37\site-packages\six.py in reraise(tp, value, tb)
691             if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
692                 raise value.with_traceback(tb)
--> 693             raise value
694         finally:
695             value = None

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\distributed\utils.py in f()
260             if timeout is not None:
261                 future = gen.with_timeout(timedelta(seconds=timeout), future)
--> 262             result[0] = yield future
263         except Exception as exc:
264             error[0] = sys.exc_info()

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\tornado\gen.py in run(self)
727
728                     try:
--> 729                         value = future.result()
730                     except Exception:
731                         exc_info = sys.exc_info()

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\tornado\gen.py in run(self)
734                     if exc_info is not None:
735                         try:
--> 736                             yielded = self.gen.throw(*exc_info)  # type: ignore
737                         finally:
738                             # Break up a reference to itself

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\distributed\client.py in _gather(self, futures, errors, direct, local_worker)
1495                             six.reraise(type(exception),
1496                                         exception,
-> 1497                                         traceback)
1498                     if errors == 'skip':
1499                         bad_keys.add(key)

~\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python37\site-packages\six.py in reraise(tp, value, tb)
690                 value = tp()
691             if value.__traceback__ is not tb:
--> 692                 raise value.with_traceback(tb)
693             raise value
694         finally:

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\dask\compatibility.py in apply()
91     def apply(func, args, kwargs=None):
92         if kwargs:
---> 93             return func(*args, **kwargs)
94         else:
95             return func(*args)

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\featuretools\computational_backends\calculate_feature_matrix.py in calculate_chunk()
349                                            ids,
350                                            precalculated_features=precalculated_features,
--> 351                                            training_window=window)
352
353             id_name = _feature_matrix.index.name

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\featuretools\computational_backends\utils.py in wrapped()
34         def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
35             if save_progress is None:
---> 36                 r = method(*args, **kwargs)
37             else:
38                 time = args[0].to_pydatetime()

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\featuretools\computational_backends\calculate_feature_matrix.py in calc_results()
323                                                     precalculated_features=precalculated_features,
324                                                     ignored=all_approx_feature_set,
--> 325                                                     profile=profile)
326             return matrix
327

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\featuretools\computational_backends\pandas_backend.py in calculate_all_features()
195
196                     handler = self._feature_type_handler(test_feature)
--> 197                     result_frame = handler(group, input_frames)
198
199                     output_frames_type = self.feature_tree.output_frames_type(test_feature)

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\featuretools\computational_backends\pandas_backend.py in _calculate_transform_features()
321                 values = feature_func(*variable_data, time=self.time_last)
322             else:
--> 323                 values = feature_func(*variable_data)
324
325             # if we don't get just the values, the assignment breaks when indexes don't match

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\featuretools\primitives\standard\binary_transform.py in equal_scalar()
159         def equal_scalar(vals):
160             # case to correct pandas type for comparison
--> 161             return pd.Series(vals).astype(pd.Series([self.value]).dtype) == self.value
162         return equal_scalar
163

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\generic.py in astype()
5689             # else, only a single dtype is given
5690             new_data = self._data.astype(dtype=dtype, copy=copy, errors=errors,
-> 5691                                          **kwargs)
5692             return self._constructor(new_data).__finalize__(self)
5693

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\internals\managers.py in astype()
529
530     def astype(self, dtype, **kwargs):
--> 531         return self.apply('astype', dtype=dtype, **kwargs)
532
533     def convert(self, **kwargs):

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\internals\managers.py in apply()
393                                             copy=align_copy)
394
--> 395             applied = getattr(b, f)(**kwargs)
396             result_blocks = _extend_blocks(applied, result_blocks)
397

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\internals\blocks.py in astype()
532     def astype(self, dtype, copy=False, errors='raise', values=None, **kwargs):
533         return self._astype(dtype, copy=copy, errors=errors, values=values,
--> 534                             **kwargs)
535
536     def _astype(self, dtype, copy=False, errors='raise', values=None,

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\internals\blocks.py in _astype()
631
632                     # _astype_nansafe works fine with 1-d only
--> 633                     values = astype_nansafe(values.ravel(), dtype, copy=True)
634
635                 # TODO(extension)

c:\users\jan.hynek\appdata\local\programs\python\python37-32\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\dtypes\cast.py in astype_nansafe()
700     if copy or is_object_dtype(arr) or is_object_dtype(dtype):
701         # Explicit copy, or required since NumPy can't view from / to object.
--> 702         return arr.astype(dtype, copy=True)
703
704     return arr.view(dtype)

ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'Sázava'

# Fixed code
def get_function(self):
    def not_equal_scalar(vals):
        return pd.Series(vals) != self.value

    return not_equal_scalar