# Buggy code
def osm_bldg_download(
    polygon=None,
    north=None,
    south=None,
    east=None,
    west=None,
    timeout=180,
    memory=None,
    max_query_area_size=50 * 1000 * 50 * 1000,
):
    """
    Download OpenStreetMap building footprint data.

    Parameters
    ----------
    polygon : shapely Polygon or MultiPolygon
        geographic shape to fetch the building footprints within
    north : float
        northern latitude of bounding box
    south : float
        southern latitude of bounding box
    east : float
        eastern longitude of bounding box
    west : float
        western longitude of bounding box
    timeout : int
        the timeout interval for requests and to pass to API
    memory : int
        server memory allocation size for the query, in bytes. If none, server
        will use its default allocation size
    max_query_area_size : float
        max area for any part of the geometry, in the units the geometry is in:
        any polygon bigger will get divided up for multiple queries to API
        (default is 50,000 * 50,000 units (ie, 50km x 50km in area, if units are
        meters))

    Returns
    -------
    list
        list of response_json dicts
    """

    # check if we're querying by polygon or by bounding box based on which
    # argument(s) where passed into this function
    by_poly = polygon is not None
    by_bbox = not (north is None or south is None or east is None or west is None)
    if not (by_poly or by_bbox):
        raise ValueError("You must pass a polygon or north, south, east, and west")

    response_jsons = []

    # pass server memory allocation in bytes for the query to the API
    # if None, pass nothing so the server will use its default allocation size
    # otherwise, define the query's maxsize parameter value as whatever the
    # caller passed in
    if memory is None:
        maxsize = ""
    else:
        maxsize = "[maxsize:{}]".format(memory)

    # define the query to send the API
    if by_bbox:
        # turn bbox into a polygon and project to local UTM
        polygon = Polygon([(west, south), (east, south), (east, north), (west, north)])
        geometry_proj, crs_proj = project_geometry(polygon)

        # subdivide it if it exceeds the max area size (in meters), then project
        # back to lat-long
        geometry_proj_consolidated_subdivided = consolidate_subdivide_geometry(
            geometry_proj, max_query_area_size=max_query_area_size
        )
        geometry, _ = project_geometry(
            geometry_proj_consolidated_subdivided, crs=crs_proj, to_latlong=True
        )
        log(
            "Requesting building footprints data within bounding box from API in {:,} request(s)".format(
                len(geometry)
            )
        )
        start_time = time.time()

        # loop through each polygon rectangle in the geometry (there will only
        # be one if original bbox didn't exceed max area size)
        for poly in geometry:
            # represent bbox as south,west,north,east and round lat-longs to 8
            # decimal places (ie, within 1 mm) so URL strings aren't different
            # due to float rounding issues (for consistent caching)
            west, south, east, north = poly.bounds
            query_template = (
                '[out:json][timeout:{timeout}]{maxsize};((way["building"]({south:.8f},'
                '{west:.8f},{north:.8f},{east:.8f});(._;>;););(relation["building"]'
                "({south:.8f},{west:.8f},{north:.8f},{east:.8f});(._;>;);));out;"
            )
            query_str = query_template.format(
                north=north,
                south=south,
                east=east,
                west=west,
                timeout=timeout,
                maxsize=maxsize,
            )
            response_json = overpass_request(data={"data": query_str}, timeout=timeout)
            response_jsons.append(response_json)
        msg = (
            "Got all building footprints data within bounding box from "
            "API in {:,} request(s) and {:,.2f} seconds"
        )
        log(msg.format(len(geometry), time.time() - start_time))

    elif by_poly:
        # project to utm, divide polygon up into sub-polygons if area exceeds a
        # max size (in meters), project back to lat-long, then get a list of polygon(s) exterior coordinates
        geometry_proj, crs_proj = project_geometry(polygon)
        geometry_proj_consolidated_subdivided = consolidate_subdivide_geometry(
            geometry_proj, max_query_area_size=max_query_area_size
        )
        geometry, _ = project_geometry(
            geometry_proj_consolidated_subdivided, crs=crs_proj, to_latlong=True
        )
        polygon_coord_strs = get_polygons_coordinates(geometry)
        log(
            "Requesting building footprints data within polygon from API in {:,} request(s)".format(
                len(polygon_coord_strs)
            )
        )
        start_time = time.time()

        # pass each polygon exterior coordinates in the list to the API, one at
        # a time
        for polygon_coord_str in polygon_coord_strs:
            query_template = (
                "[out:json][timeout:{timeout}]{maxsize};(way"
                '(poly:"{polygon}")["building"];(._;>;);relation'
                '(poly:"{polygon}")["building"];(._;>;));out;'
            )
            query_str = query_template.format(
                polygon=polygon_coord_str, timeout=timeout, maxsize=maxsize
            )
            response_json = overpass_request(data={"data": query_str}, timeout=timeout)
            response_jsons.append(response_json)
        msg = (
            "Got all building footprints data within polygon from API in "
            "{:,} request(s) and {:,.2f} seconds"
        )
        log(msg.format(len(polygon_coord_strs), time.time() - start_time))

    return response_jsons


# Traceback (Exception)
ExceptionTraceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-4-40571a0b7fcd> in <module>()
----> 1 gdf = ox.buildings_from_place(place='Piedmont, California, USA')
2 gdf_proj = ox.project_gdf(gdf)
3 fig, ax = ox.plot_buildings(gdf_proj, bgcolor='#333333', color='w', save=True, show=False, close=True, filename='piedmont_bldgs', dpi=40)
4 Image('{}/{}.{}'.format(img_folder, 'piedmont_bldgs', extension), height=size, width=size)

C:\Users\B\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\osmnx\buildings.pyc in buildings_from_place(place, retain_invalid)
283     city = gdf_from_place(place)
284     polygon = city['geometry'].iloc[0]
--> 285     return create_buildings_gdf(polygon, retain_invalid=retain_invalid)
286
287

C:\Users\B\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\osmnx\buildings.pyc in create_buildings_gdf(polygon, north, south, east, west, retain_invalid)
159     """
160
--> 161     responses = osm_bldg_download(polygon, north, south, east, west)
162
163     vertices = {}

C:\Users\B\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\osmnx\buildings.pyc in osm_bldg_download(polygon, north, south, east, west, timeout, memory, max_query_area_size)
125                               '(poly:"{polygon}")["building"];(._;>;));out;')
126             query_str = query_template.format(polygon=polygon_coord_str, timeout=timeout, maxsize=maxsize)
--> 127             response_json = overpass_request(data={'data':query_str}, timeout=timeout)
128             response_jsons.append(response_json)
129         msg = ('Got all building footprints data within polygon from API in '

C:\Users\B\Anaconda3\lib\site-packages\osmnx\core.pyc in overpass_request(data, pause_duration, timeout, error_pause_duration)
358             else:
359                 log('Server at {} returned status code {} and no JSON data'.format(domain, response.status_code), level=lg.ERROR)
--> 360                 raise Exception('Server returned no JSON data.\n{} {}\n{}'.format(response, response.reason, response.text))
361
362         return response_json

Exception: Server returned no JSON data.
<Response [400]> Bad Request
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" lang="en"/>
<title>OSM3S Response</title>
</head>
<body>

<p>The data included in this document is from www.openstreetmap.org. The data is made available under ODbL.</p>
<p><strong style="color:#FF0000">Error</strong>: line 1: parse error: ';' expected - ')' found. </p>
<p><strong style="color:#FF0000">Error</strong>: line 1: parse error: Unexpected end of input. </p>
<p><strong style="color:#FF0000">Error</strong>: line 1: static error: Element "print" cannot be subelement of element "union". </p>

</body>
</html>

# Fixed code
def osm_bldg_download(
    polygon=None,
    north=None,
    south=None,
    east=None,
    west=None,
    timeout=180,
    memory=None,
    max_query_area_size=50 * 1000 * 50 * 1000,
):
    """
    Download OpenStreetMap building footprint data.

    Parameters
    ----------
    polygon : shapely Polygon or MultiPolygon
        geographic shape to fetch the building footprints within
    north : float
        northern latitude of bounding box
    south : float
        southern latitude of bounding box
    east : float
        eastern longitude of bounding box
    west : float
        western longitude of bounding box
    timeout : int
        the timeout interval for requests and to pass to API
    memory : int
        server memory allocation size for the query, in bytes. If none, server
        will use its default allocation size
    max_query_area_size : float
        max area for any part of the geometry, in the units the geometry is in:
        any polygon bigger will get divided up for multiple queries to API
        (default is 50,000 * 50,000 units (ie, 50km x 50km in area, if units are
        meters))

    Returns
    -------
    list
        list of response_json dicts
    """

    # check if we're querying by polygon or by bounding box based on which
    # argument(s) where passed into this function
    by_poly = polygon is not None
    by_bbox = not (north is None or south is None or east is None or west is None)
    if not (by_poly or by_bbox):
        raise ValueError("You must pass a polygon or north, south, east, and west")

    response_jsons = []

    # pass server memory allocation in bytes for the query to the API
    # if None, pass nothing so the server will use its default allocation size
    # otherwise, define the query's maxsize parameter value as whatever the
    # caller passed in
    if memory is None:
        maxsize = ""
    else:
        maxsize = "[maxsize:{}]".format(memory)

    # define the query to send the API
    if by_bbox:
        # turn bbox into a polygon and project to local UTM
        polygon = Polygon([(west, south), (east, south), (east, north), (west, north)])
        geometry_proj, crs_proj = project_geometry(polygon)

        # subdivide it if it exceeds the max area size (in meters), then project
        # back to lat-long
        geometry_proj_consolidated_subdivided = consolidate_subdivide_geometry(
            geometry_proj, max_query_area_size=max_query_area_size
        )
        geometry, _ = project_geometry(
            geometry_proj_consolidated_subdivided, crs=crs_proj, to_latlong=True
        )
        log(
            "Requesting building footprints data within bounding box from API in {:,} request(s)".format(
                len(geometry)
            )
        )
        start_time = time.time()

        # loop through each polygon rectangle in the geometry (there will only
        # be one if original bbox didn't exceed max area size)
        for poly in geometry:
            # represent bbox as south,west,north,east and round lat-longs to 8
            # decimal places (ie, within 1 mm) so URL strings aren't different
            # due to float rounding issues (for consistent caching)
            west, south, east, north = poly.bounds
            query_template = (
                '[out:json][timeout:{timeout}]{maxsize};((way["building"]({south:.8f},'
                '{west:.8f},{north:.8f},{east:.8f});(._;>;););(relation["building"]'
                "({south:.8f},{west:.8f},{north:.8f},{east:.8f});(._;>;);););out;"
            )
            query_str = query_template.format(
                north=north,
                south=south,
                east=east,
                west=west,
                timeout=timeout,
                maxsize=maxsize,
            )
            response_json = overpass_request(data={"data": query_str}, timeout=timeout)
            response_jsons.append(response_json)
        msg = (
            "Got all building footprints data within bounding box from "
            "API in {:,} request(s) and {:,.2f} seconds"
        )
        log(msg.format(len(geometry), time.time() - start_time))

    elif by_poly:
        # project to utm, divide polygon up into sub-polygons if area exceeds a
        # max size (in meters), project back to lat-long, then get a list of polygon(s) exterior coordinates
        geometry_proj, crs_proj = project_geometry(polygon)
        geometry_proj_consolidated_subdivided = consolidate_subdivide_geometry(
            geometry_proj, max_query_area_size=max_query_area_size
        )
        geometry, _ = project_geometry(
            geometry_proj_consolidated_subdivided, crs=crs_proj, to_latlong=True
        )
        polygon_coord_strs = get_polygons_coordinates(geometry)
        log(
            "Requesting building footprints data within polygon from API in {:,} request(s)".format(
                len(polygon_coord_strs)
            )
        )
        start_time = time.time()

        # pass each polygon exterior coordinates in the list to the API, one at
        # a time
        for polygon_coord_str in polygon_coord_strs:
            query_template = (
                "[out:json][timeout:{timeout}]{maxsize};(way"
                '(poly:"{polygon}")["building"];(._;>;);relation'
                '(poly:"{polygon}")["building"];(._;>;));out;'
            )
            query_str = query_template.format(
                polygon=polygon_coord_str, timeout=timeout, maxsize=maxsize
            )
            response_json = overpass_request(data={"data": query_str}, timeout=timeout)
            response_jsons.append(response_json)
        msg = (
            "Got all building footprints data within polygon from API in "
            "{:,} request(s) and {:,.2f} seconds"
        )
        log(msg.format(len(polygon_coord_strs), time.time() - start_time))

    return response_jsons