# Buggy code
def from_bytes(
    cls,
    ursula_as_bytes: bytes,
    version: int = INCLUDED_IN_BYTESTRING,
    federated_only: bool = False,
    registry: BaseContractRegistry = None,
) -> "Ursula":
    if version is INCLUDED_IN_BYTESTRING:
        version, payload = cls.version_splitter(ursula_as_bytes, return_remainder=True)
    else:
        payload = ursula_as_bytes

    # Check version and raise IsFromTheFuture if this node is... you guessed it...
    if version > cls.LEARNER_VERSION:
        # Try to handle failure, even during failure, graceful degradation
        # TODO: #154 - Some auto-updater logic?

        try:
            canonical_address, _ = BytestringSplitter(PUBLIC_ADDRESS_LENGTH)(
                payload, return_remainder=True
            )
            checksum_address = to_checksum_address(canonical_address)
            nickname, _ = nickname_from_seed(checksum_address)
            display_name = cls._display_name_template.format(
                cls.__name__, nickname, checksum_address
            )
            message = cls.unknown_version_message.format(
                display_name, version, cls.LEARNER_VERSION
            )
        except BytestringSplittingError:
            message = cls.really_unknown_version_message.format(
                version, cls.LEARNER_VERSION
            )
        raise cls.IsFromTheFuture(message)

    # Version stuff checked out.  Moving on.
    node_info = cls.internal_splitter(payload)

    interface_info = node_info.pop("rest_interface")
    node_info["rest_host"] = interface_info.host
    node_info["rest_port"] = interface_info.port

    node_info["timestamp"] = maya.MayaDT(node_info.pop("timestamp"))
    node_info["checksum_address"] = to_checksum_address(node_info.pop("public_address"))

    domains_vbytes = VariableLengthBytestring.dispense(node_info["domains"])
    node_info["domains"] = set(d.decode("utf-8") for d in domains_vbytes)

    ursula = cls.from_public_keys(
        registry=registry, federated_only=federated_only, **node_info
    )
    return ursula


# Traceback (ValueError)
$ nucypher ursula confirm-activity



,ggg,         gg
dP""Y8a        88                                   ,dPYb,
Yb, `88        88                                   IP'`Yb
`"  88        88                                   I8  8I
88        88                                   I8  8'
88        88   ,gggggg,    ,g,     gg      gg  I8 dP    ,gggg,gg
88        88   dP""""8I   ,8'8,    I8      8I  I8dP    dP"  "Y8I
88        88  ,8'    8I  ,8'  Yb   I8,    ,8I  I8P    i8'    ,8I
Y8b,____,d88,,dP     Y8,,8'_   8) ,d8b,  ,d8b,,d8b,_ ,d8,   ,d8b,
"Y888888P"Y88P      `Y8P' "YY8P8P8P'"Y88P"`Y88P'"Y88P"Y8888P"`Y8


the Untrusted Re-Encryption Proxy.


Decrypting NuCypher keyring...
WARNING - No Bootnodes Available
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/bin/nucypher", line 11, in <module>
load_entry_point('nucypher', 'console_scripts', 'nucypher')()
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 764, in __call__
return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 717, in main
rv = self.invoke(ctx)
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1137, in invoke
return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 956, in invoke
return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 555, in invoke
return callback(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/decorators.py", line 64, in new_func
return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 555, in invoke
return callback(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/cli/config.py", line 219, in wrapper
return func(config, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/cli/characters/ursula.py", line 268, in ursula
client_password=client_password)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/cli/actions.py", line 288, in make_cli_character
**config_args)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/node.py", line 215, in __call__
return self.produce(**character_kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/characters.py", line 103, in produce
merged_parameters = self.generate_parameters(**overrides)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/node.py", line 284, in generate_parameters
merged_parameters = {**self.static_payload(), **self.dynamic_payload, **overrides}
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/characters.py", line 98, in dynamic_payload
return {**super().dynamic_payload, **payload}
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/node.py", line 385, in dynamic_payload
self.read_known_nodes()   # Requires a connected blockchain to init Ursulas.
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/node.py", line 260, in read_known_nodes
known_nodes = self.node_storage.all(federated_only=self.federated_only)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/storages.py", line 415, in all
federated_only=federated_only)  # TODO: 466
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/storages.py", line 384, in __read_metadata
node = Ursula.from_bytes(node_bytes, registry=registry, federated_only=federated_only)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/characters/lawful.py", line 1175, in from_bytes
ursula = cls.from_public_keys(registry=registry, federated_only=federated_only, **node_info)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/characters/base.py", line 310, in from_public_keys
return cls(is_me=False, federated_only=federated_only, crypto_power=crypto_power, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/characters/lawful.py", line 831, in __init__
**character_kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/characters/base.py", line 116, in __init__
raise ValueError(f"Pass either federated only or registry.  Got '{federated_only}'. '{registry}'")
ValueError: Pass either federated only or registry.  Got 'None'. 'None'
Sentry is attempting to send 0 pending error messages
Waiting up to 2.0 seconds
Press Ctrl-C to quit

# Fixed code
def from_bytes(
    cls,
    ursula_as_bytes: bytes,
    version: int = INCLUDED_IN_BYTESTRING,
    federated_only: bool = False,
    registry: BaseContractRegistry = None,
) -> "Ursula":
    if version is INCLUDED_IN_BYTESTRING:
        version, payload = cls.version_splitter(ursula_as_bytes, return_remainder=True)
    else:
        payload = ursula_as_bytes

    # Check version and raise IsFromTheFuture if this node is... you guessed it...
    if version > cls.LEARNER_VERSION:
        # Try to handle failure, even during failure, graceful degradation
        # TODO: #154 - Some auto-updater logic?

        try:
            canonical_address, _ = BytestringSplitter(PUBLIC_ADDRESS_LENGTH)(
                payload, return_remainder=True
            )
            checksum_address = to_checksum_address(canonical_address)
            nickname, _ = nickname_from_seed(checksum_address)
            display_name = cls._display_name_template.format(
                cls.__name__, nickname, checksum_address
            )
            message = cls.unknown_version_message.format(
                display_name, version, cls.LEARNER_VERSION
            )
        except BytestringSplittingError:
            message = cls.really_unknown_version_message.format(
                version, cls.LEARNER_VERSION
            )
        raise cls.IsFromTheFuture(message)

    # Version stuff checked out.  Moving on.
    node_info = cls.internal_splitter(payload)

    interface_info = node_info.pop("rest_interface")
    node_info["rest_host"] = interface_info.host
    node_info["rest_port"] = interface_info.port

    node_info["timestamp"] = maya.MayaDT(node_info.pop("timestamp"))
    node_info["checksum_address"] = to_checksum_address(node_info.pop("public_address"))

    domains_vbytes = VariableLengthBytestring.dispense(node_info["domains"])
    node_info["domains"] = set(d.decode("utf-8") for d in domains_vbytes)

    ursula = cls.from_public_keys(federated_only=federated_only, **node_info)
    return ursula