# Buggy code
def from_seed_and_stake_info(
    cls,
    seed_uri: str,
    federated_only: bool,
    minimum_stake: int = 0,
    registry: BaseContractRegistry = None,
    network_middleware: RestMiddleware = None,
    *args,
    **kwargs,
) -> "Ursula":
    if network_middleware is None:
        network_middleware = RestMiddleware()

    #
    # WARNING: xxx Poison xxx
    # Let's learn what we can about the ... "seednode".
    #

    # Parse node URI
    host, port, checksum_address = parse_node_uri(seed_uri)

    # Fetch the hosts TLS certificate and read the common name
    certificate = network_middleware.get_certificate(host=host, port=port)
    real_host = certificate.subject.get_attributes_for_oid(NameOID.COMMON_NAME)[0].value

    # Create a temporary certificate storage area
    temp_node_storage = ForgetfulNodeStorage(federated_only=federated_only)
    temp_certificate_filepath = temp_node_storage.store_node_certificate(
        certificate=certificate
    )

    # Load the host as a potential seed node
    potential_seed_node = cls.from_rest_url(
        registry=registry,
        host=real_host,
        port=port,
        network_middleware=network_middleware,
        certificate_filepath=temp_certificate_filepath,
        federated_only=federated_only,
        *args,
        **kwargs,
    )

    # Check the node's stake (optional)
    if minimum_stake > 0 and not federated_only:
        staking_agent = ContractAgency.get_agent(StakingEscrowAgent, registry=registry)
        seednode_stake = staking_agent.get_locked_tokens(
            staker_address=checksum_address
        )
        if seednode_stake < minimum_stake:
            raise Learner.NotATeacher(
                f"{checksum_address} is staking less then the specified minimum stake value ({minimum_stake})."
            )

    # Verify the node's TLS certificate
    try:
        potential_seed_node.verify_node(
            network_middleware=network_middleware,
            accept_federated_only=federated_only,
            certificate_filepath=temp_certificate_filepath,
        )
    except potential_seed_node.InvalidNode:
        # TODO: What if our seed node fails verification?
        raise

    # OK - everyone get out
    temp_node_storage.forget()
    return potential_seed_node


# Traceback (ValueError)
$ nucypher ursula confirm-activity



,ggg,         gg
dP""Y8a        88                                   ,dPYb,
Yb, `88        88                                   IP'`Yb
`"  88        88                                   I8  8I
88        88                                   I8  8'
88        88   ,gggggg,    ,g,     gg      gg  I8 dP    ,gggg,gg
88        88   dP""""8I   ,8'8,    I8      8I  I8dP    dP"  "Y8I
88        88  ,8'    8I  ,8'  Yb   I8,    ,8I  I8P    i8'    ,8I
Y8b,____,d88,,dP     Y8,,8'_   8) ,d8b,  ,d8b,,d8b,_ ,d8,   ,d8b,
"Y888888P"Y88P      `Y8P' "YY8P8P8P'"Y88P"`Y88P'"Y88P"Y8888P"`Y8


the Untrusted Re-Encryption Proxy.


Decrypting NuCypher keyring...
WARNING - No Bootnodes Available
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/bin/nucypher", line 11, in <module>
load_entry_point('nucypher', 'console_scripts', 'nucypher')()
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 764, in __call__
return self.main(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 717, in main
rv = self.invoke(ctx)
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 1137, in invoke
return _process_result(sub_ctx.command.invoke(sub_ctx))
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 956, in invoke
return ctx.invoke(self.callback, **ctx.params)
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 555, in invoke
return callback(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/decorators.py", line 64, in new_func
return ctx.invoke(f, obj, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/.local/share/virtualenvs/nucypher-fvStivKV/lib/python3.6/site-packages/click/core.py", line 555, in invoke
return callback(*args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/cli/config.py", line 219, in wrapper
return func(config, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/cli/characters/ursula.py", line 268, in ursula
client_password=client_password)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/cli/actions.py", line 288, in make_cli_character
**config_args)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/node.py", line 215, in __call__
return self.produce(**character_kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/characters.py", line 103, in produce
merged_parameters = self.generate_parameters(**overrides)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/node.py", line 284, in generate_parameters
merged_parameters = {**self.static_payload(), **self.dynamic_payload, **overrides}
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/characters.py", line 98, in dynamic_payload
return {**super().dynamic_payload, **payload}
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/node.py", line 385, in dynamic_payload
self.read_known_nodes()   # Requires a connected blockchain to init Ursulas.
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/node.py", line 260, in read_known_nodes
known_nodes = self.node_storage.all(federated_only=self.federated_only)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/storages.py", line 415, in all
federated_only=federated_only)  # TODO: 466
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/config/storages.py", line 384, in __read_metadata
node = Ursula.from_bytes(node_bytes, registry=registry, federated_only=federated_only)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/characters/lawful.py", line 1175, in from_bytes
ursula = cls.from_public_keys(registry=registry, federated_only=federated_only, **node_info)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/characters/base.py", line 310, in from_public_keys
return cls(is_me=False, federated_only=federated_only, crypto_power=crypto_power, *args, **kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/characters/lawful.py", line 831, in __init__
**character_kwargs)
File "/home/ubuntu/nucypher/nucypher/characters/base.py", line 116, in __init__
raise ValueError(f"Pass either federated only or registry.  Got '{federated_only}'. '{registry}'")
ValueError: Pass either federated only or registry.  Got 'None'. 'None'
Sentry is attempting to send 0 pending error messages
Waiting up to 2.0 seconds
Press Ctrl-C to quit

# Fixed code
def from_seed_and_stake_info(
    cls,
    seed_uri: str,
    federated_only: bool,
    minimum_stake: int = 0,
    registry: BaseContractRegistry = None,
    network_middleware: RestMiddleware = None,
    *args,
    **kwargs,
) -> "Ursula":
    if network_middleware is None:
        network_middleware = RestMiddleware()

    #
    # WARNING: xxx Poison xxx
    # Let's learn what we can about the ... "seednode".
    #

    # Parse node URI
    host, port, checksum_address = parse_node_uri(seed_uri)

    # Fetch the hosts TLS certificate and read the common name
    certificate = network_middleware.get_certificate(host=host, port=port)
    real_host = certificate.subject.get_attributes_for_oid(NameOID.COMMON_NAME)[0].value

    # Create a temporary certificate storage area
    temp_node_storage = ForgetfulNodeStorage(federated_only=federated_only)
    temp_certificate_filepath = temp_node_storage.store_node_certificate(
        certificate=certificate
    )

    # Load the host as a potential seed node
    potential_seed_node = cls.from_rest_url(
        registry=registry,
        host=real_host,
        port=port,
        network_middleware=network_middleware,
        certificate_filepath=temp_certificate_filepath,
        federated_only=federated_only,
        *args,
        **kwargs,
    )

    # Check the node's stake (optional)
    if minimum_stake > 0 and not federated_only:
        staking_agent = ContractAgency.get_agent(StakingEscrowAgent, registry=registry)
        seednode_stake = staking_agent.get_locked_tokens(
            staker_address=checksum_address
        )
        if seednode_stake < minimum_stake:
            raise Learner.NotATeacher(
                f"{checksum_address} is staking less then the specified minimum stake value ({minimum_stake})."
            )

    # Verify the node's TLS certificate
    try:
        potential_seed_node.verify_node(
            network_middleware=network_middleware,
            registry=registry,
            certificate_filepath=temp_certificate_filepath,
        )
    except potential_seed_node.InvalidNode:
        # TODO: What if our seed node fails verification?
        raise

    # OK - everyone get out
    temp_node_storage.forget()
    return potential_seed_node