The Rei Jaume I Prize winner Monserrat Calleja explains how the measurement of physical parameters can favour the detection of viruses, bacteria or tumour cells



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## The Rei Jaume I Prize winner Monserrat Calleja explains how the measurement of physical parameters can favour the detection of viruses, bacteria or tumour cells

13/12/2022 |
SCP

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Monserrat Calleja, a researcher of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) at the Madrid Institute of Microelectronics and Rei Jaume I Award in New Technologies 2022, has explained during her stay in Castelló de la Plana, invited by the Ciutat de Castelló Chair of the Universitat Jaume I, the latest advances achieved by the research team she leads in the field of biomedicine. The lecture was also promoted by the Rei Jaume I Awards Foundation, which will be presented on Friday 25th November, with the collaboration of the Scientific Dissemination and Citizen Science Unit of the Vice-rector's Office for Innovation, Transfer and Scientific Dissemination of the UJI.

Under the title "Physics for biomedicine", this passionate scientist has detailed some of the projects that have led her research group to measure new parameters of cells, viruses, bacteria and proteins that allow earlier detection and simpler analysis of the presence of bacteria, viruses or tumour cells in the body, by means of biosensors that use physical characteristics (such as mass) to know their status.

In the case of tumour cells, one of the most complex processes, the team is studying how to detect with greater precision, in the first phase of testing a new drug, whether or not it could be effective. "This would save time, money and effort in studies that do not prove effective in later stages, or would allow more tests to be done with other compounds and provide more resources for those that offer better results at an early stage", the scientist said.

Currently, in vitro tests are carried out to obtain certain data to decide whether or not to continue with the development of this drug (only 5% of them end up in the study), but the aim of the research team is to measure other aspects of the mechanics of the cell and its environment to obtain more reliable data that can be used to decide whether or not to continue along this path.

In the case of viruses and bacteria, their research focuses on environmental pollution and COVID, with the aim of counting and measuring the physical properties of the air to detect the presence of bacteria and viruses. Today they have a prototype sensor that allows them to measure the mass and elasticity of these individual pathogens and facilitates their detection in a blood test.  
  
"There are still no tools that allow us to detect certain proteins present in tumours", she explained, and that is why the team is using optical methods to study the vibration of the microsensors deposited in the bio-analytes (proteins, viruses, bacteria and cells) in order to locate them in tiny concentrations, "almost counting them one by one", she described, and to complement other applications such as fluorescence optical methods. This experimentation is also applied in the detection of HIV, especially in newborns in underdeveloped or developing countries, as early detection can prevent the baby from becoming infected.

Despite the technical and budgetary difficulties involved in this type of research, Monserrat Calleja is optimistic and hopes that these new tools will soon become a reality and will be made available to the research community, so that progress can be made in the detection and treatment of this disease.

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