The UJI is participating in a national project to study ozone pollution in the lower layers of the atmosphere (troposphere) and to propose strategies to reduce it



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## The UJI is participating in a national project to study ozone pollution in the lower layers of the atmosphere (troposphere) and to propose strategies to reduce it

01/03/2024 |
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* [![ pla-nacional-ozo pla-nacional-ozo](/com/investigacio/arxiu/noticies/2024/3/pla-nacional-ozo/pla-nacional-ozo.jpg)](#)

Ozone is a colourless and odourless gas, a variant of oxygen that is present in the Earth's atmosphere mainly in the stratosphere (between 10 and 50 km above sea level), surrounding the Earth, and which is beneficial in protecting it from ultraviolet radiation from outer space, but which accumulated in concentrations higher than natural ones in the lower layers of the troposphere (between the ground and 10 km above sea level) is polluting, harmful to human health and to vegetation.

The Ministry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge (MITERD) is funding the National Tropospheric Ozone Plan project, coordinated by Xavier Querol of the Institute for Environmental Diagnosis and Water Studies (IDAEA-CSIC), in which different groups are participating, the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), the Centre for Mediterranean Studies (CEAM), the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and the Environmental and Energy Engineering Group Applied to Industrial Processes (GAIA) of the Agustín Escardino Ceramic Technology Institute of the Universitat Jaume I of Castelló.  
  
The project, in which the universities of Zaragoza, Huelva and Aveiro (Portugal) also collaborate, aims to assess pollution levels and phenomena, quantify emissions from different sectors and propose different strategies for their reduction. The great confluence of factors affecting ozone levels and the fact that the generation responds to non-linear behaviour makes the interpretation and prediction of levels and the proposal of mitigation measures highly complex.

In the case of the UJI, the GAIA group team, coordinated by Professor of Chemical Engineering Eliseu Monfort, will be in charge of obtaining official data on industrial emissions. To do so, they will have to analyse the inventories and make field visits to the main emission sources in the four or five atmospheric basins identified as the most problematic from the point of view of ozone levels (Madrid, Barcelona-Vic plain, the Guadalquivir Valley, inland Valencia-Castellón, Puertollano and areas of Castilla y León).  
  
The aim is to assess in industrial sectors the degree of application of best available techniques for minimising precursor emissions and to study whether there is scope for their reduction, in order to propose realistic specific mitigation measures. In addition, the GAIA group will collaborate with the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC) to improve the inventory of emissions of the main precursors of ozone generation.

In turn, the CSIC will coordinate all the work and will focus on carrying out time series interpretation studies of ozone levels in different atmospheric basins (2010-2020), on the design of specific experimental campaigns to measure the levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) and on determining the atmospheric dynamics of ozone in each basin, with the collaboration of the CEAM's Meteorology and Air Quality Group, which will also carry out sample analyses and cooperate with the BSC in evaluating the results of the modelling work to obtain a better reproduction of ozone levels.  
  
In the study of a pollutant with the complexity of factors that ozone presents, it is vital to have advanced modelling tools and supercomputers with a high calculation capacity. In this sense, the BSC will be responsible for modelling and carrying out sensitivity studies to see the effect on atmospheric ozone levels of certain measures to reduce precursor emissions. The Atmospheric Research Group of the UPV-EHU, which will also participate in the interpretation of the time series and measurements of volatile organic compounds, will collaborate with the BSC in the representation and evaluation of the modelling results and in the identification of the necessary improvements for a better reproduction of the ozone levels in the assigned basins.  
  
**OZONE, A SECONDARY POLLUTANT**

Ground-level ozone is a so-called "secondary" pollutant (it is not emitted directly into the atmosphere) because it is formed from other primary pollutants (called "precursors"), which react with each other under the action of sunlight (ozone formation reactions are photochemical). For this reason, the highest ozone exposures occur in areas with high solar irradiation (such as Mediterranean areas), in the warmest periods (summer months), around areas with high precursor emissions (mainly nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds) from the main emission sources (road and air traffic, maritime, industrial, domestic, agricultural and livestock emissions).  
  
At European level, the southern regions and the Mediterranean basin are the most exposed to ozone pollution, and although the situation has improved greatly in recent years, levels in many areas of Spain are high, with figures above the health protection objective proposed by the European Union (120 µg/m3) in areas affected by atmospheric transport of emissions from large urban and industrial areas, such as Madrid, Barcelona, the Guadalquivir basin or the interior of the Valencian Community. This effect is even more extensive if ozone levels are compared with the values recommended in 2021 by the World Health Organisation (WHO), which establishes a guide value for health protection of 100 µg/m3.

The preliminary results of the work carried out so far have been compiled in the report "Scientific and technical basis for the development of an ozone plan", available online on the MITERD website: <https://www.miteco.gob.es/es/calidad-y-evaluacion-ambiental/temas/atmosfera-y-calidad-del-aire/calidad-del-aire/documentacion-oficial/bct_plan_o3.html>

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