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##### **`COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES`**

COMC94) 306 final

Brussels, **14.07.1994**

```
  REPORT FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT

```

**R&D in Advanced Communications Technologies for Europe (RACE)**

**- Mid-term Report on Phase II of** **RACE (1990-1994)** **-**

**(presented by the Commission pursuant to Article 4 of the Council Decision of 7th June** **1991 :**
**91/352/EEC on the Specific Programme of Research and Technology Development in the area**

**of Communications Technologies: RACE Phase H)**

Contents

Executive summary

_Summary_ _of achievements_
_Management_ _and_ _evaluation_ _of_ _the_ _RACE programme_

1. Introduction

2. The context **and** organisation of the RACE programme

_2.1_ _R&D_ _as part of the_ _Union's Telecommunication_ _Policy_
_2.2_ _The objectives_ _of_ _the_ _RA CE programme_

_3._ _**Implementation**_ _**of the programme**_

_3.1_ _Phases_ _of implementation_
_3.2_ _Structure_ _of activities_
_3.3_ _Project activities_ _- in each Area_

4. Participation in the Programme

_4.1_ _Involvement_ _of the_ _European telecommunications industries and network operators_
_4.2_ _Involvement of SMEs_
_4.3_ _Contribution_ _to_ _economic_ _and social_ _cohesion_

5. Evaluation and Auditing of the RACE programme; dissemination and exploitation of results

_5.1_ _Evaluation_ _an as on-going process_
_5.2_ _Programme A_ _udits_ _and_ _evaluations_
_5.3_ _Dissemination_ _and_ _Exploitation_ _of results_

6. Links with other EU and European actions

_6.1_ _Links_ _with CEPT_
_6.2_ _Links with European_ _and_ _international standardisation_ _bodies_
_6.3_ _Links_ _with_ _other Community_ _programmes/European_ _activities_
_6.4_ _Links with organisations in EFT_ _A countries_

7. Implementation strategies, accompanying measures and socio-economic impacts

_7.1_ _An_ _indicative IBC implementation timetable_
_7.2_ _High-speed information infrastructure development in_ _Europe:_ _accompanying measures_ _on_
_optical network_ _interconnection._
_7.3_ _Interactive digital video_ _services:_ _Demonstration_ _and_ _standardisation support_
_7.4_ _New service introduction and telework development_
_7.5_ _Research co-operation with_ _less favoured_ _regions and with central_ _and_ _eastern_ _Europe._

8. Future requirements and options for R&D on Advanced Communications Technologies and Services.
Annex I : RACE Phase II Projects: Their contributions to RACE objectives
Annex II : Participating organisations
Annex in : Statistics on participation
Annex IV : Recommendations of the Strategic Audit, in 1993.
Annex V : Glossary of technical terms
Annex VI : Key references

**Executive** **Summary**

**Telecommunication** **now** **underpins** **most**
**industrial activities and is central to the**

**performance of the service sector in Europe.**
**Good telecommunications** **are** **crucial** **to**

**business competitiveness and to the creation of**
**new employment in the service and media**
**sectors of** **the** **economy. The completion of the**
**European Economic Space with no internal**
**barriers to trade will open new opportunities**
**and present new competitive pressures, and the**
**increasing importance of telecommunications in**
**international trade is already changing the way**
**businesses operate. The prosperity of Europe**
**in the 1990s will be critically dependent on**
**good communications.**

**The central importance of trans-European**
**communications infrastructures and services**

**has been recognised in the Commission's White**
**Paper** **on** **growth,** **competitiveness** **and**
**employment.** **Of the eight key areas for**
**investment stimulation identified in this report,**
**three are directly concerned with the new**
**opportunities opened up by the research and**
**technology developments addressed by the**
**RACE Programme:** **The development of a**
**high-speed** **information** **infrastructure** **for**
**Europe; the emergence of interactive digital**
**video services as the driving force for**
**integration of the TV and telecommunications**
**sectors; and the development of telework as a**
**way of realising new competitive advantages**
**for business, new flexibilities in employment,**
**energy saving and environmental protection.**

**The** **telecommunications,** **computing** **and**
**broadcasting sectors already account for an**
**annual turnover of over 500 billion ECU in the**

**world. By 2000, the telecommunications sector**
**will be the third largest in Europe, after food** _**&**_
**drink and chemicals.** **Telecommunications**

**infrastructures will be** **economically** **more**
**important** **than** **the** **physical** **transport**
**infrastructures.**

**Mastering the technology options has therefore**
**become a key to economic growth and the**
**creation of new employment.** **Over 50% of**
**employment already depends on use** **of**
**information and** **telematic** **systems, and the**
**major growth in employment is in the**
**information management and media sectors.**

**Demand for services is changing rapidly.**
**Businesses need more flexible services, higher**
**transmission capacities for fast data and image**
**transmission and more competitive tariffs.**
**Most major European companies now require**
**fast data communications between their design,**
**manufacturing,** **management** **and** **retailing**
**activities. Demand for such services is already**
**strong in the US: all major research institutes**
**have** **access** **to** **very** **high-speed** **data**
**communications, and 60% of the top 500**
**companies make use of high-speed digital**
**transmission links.**

**The Decision on the first phase of a 10-year**
**RACE Programme (Research and development**
**in Advanced Communications technologies in**
**Europe) was adopted by the European Council**
**of Ministers in December 1987. This decision**

**established the policy direction and a budget**
**provision for an initial period of five years, to**
**1992,** **within the EC's 2nd Framework for**
**Research and technology development.** **The**
**second Phase of the RACE programme has**
**been implemented** **as'the** **Specific Programme**
**on Communication technologies in the 3rd EC**
**Framework Programme.** **This report on its**
**implementation through Calls for Proposals in**
**1991** **and 1993 is in relation with Article 4** **of**

**the Council Decision of June 1991 which**
**requires** **that** **in** **the** **second** **year** **of**
**implementation** **of** **the** **programme** **the**
**Commission should examine it and report to the**
**Council and Parliament.**

**The achievements of the first Phase of work**

**(1988-1992)**

**The objective of the RACE programme, defined**
**in** **1987*)** **is to** **"promote** **the competitiveness of**
**the Community's telecommunications industry,**
**operators and service providers in order to**
**make available to final users, at minimum cost**
**and with minimum delay, the services which**
**will** **sustain the** **competitiveness** **of the**
**European** **economy** **and** **contribute** **to**
**maintaining and creating employment in the**
**Community".**

**As a result of the work carried out in the first**

**five years of the RACE programme, Europe**
**has a clear lead in the conceptual development**
**of advanced communications networks and**

**services. For the first time, telecommunications**
**operators, the telematics industry and leading-**
**edge users in most major application sectors**
**have joined forces in development of the**
**advanced** **communications** **technologies**
**required for** **low-cost** **and innovative services.**
**A unique environment was created in the**
**RACE programme for concertation of their**
**efforts.**

**The first Phase of the RACE programme**
**strengthened the harmonisation of the European**
**Telecommunications** **infrastructure;** **the**
**development** **of** **Common** **Functional**
**Specifications provided a "blue-print" for**
**Integrated Broadband Communications.** **It**
**fostered the close co-operation of central and**
**peripheral** **regions,** **and contributed to the**
**economic** **and** **social** **cohesion** **of** **the**

**Community.** **In** **terms** **of** **technology**
**development,** **development of the Asynchronous**
**transfer mode for high-speed switching of**
**digital communications gave European industry**
**a lead in international competition;**

**The research on network management gave**
**European** **network** **management** **systems**
**international recognition; The work on digital**

**^Council** **Decision** **88/28/EC** **of** **14 december** **1987 on a**
**Community Programme of research** **and** **technology development**
**in** **the field of Telecommunications Technologies:** **O.J.** **No L 16/35**
**21.1.88**

**video** **and TV** **prepared** **the** **way** **for**
**international standards for coding,** **multi-gigabit**
**signal distribution systems and specifications**
**for digital** **video-recording.** **Projects in the first**
**Phase of** **RACE** **contributed** **596** **draft**

**specifications to European and international**
**bodies and published over 1700 scientific and**
**technical papers in the open literature(Ref to**
**RACE I Final report).** **In 1992, the**
**Commission reported on the programme in the**
**context of its Evaluation of the 2nd Framework**

**Programme^),** **and the RACE Management**
**Committee carried its own evaluation at the**

**request of** **CREST^).** **A Final report on Phase I**
**of RACE was communicated to the Council**

**and Parliament in March** **1992^).**

**Phase II (1991-1994)**

**The work started under the first phase of**
**RACE has** **now** **been** **followed-up** **and**
**broadened by R&D projects under the new**
**Specific RTD programme on communications**
**technologies, the second** **Phase** **of** **RACE.** **This**
**is part of the EC's 3rd Framework Programme,**
**and provides for EC part-funding of R&D until**
**December 1994** **[5]** **. Following a first Call for**
**Proposals in June** **1991,** **most projects started**
**work in January 1992, and the overlap RACE**
**Phase I projects in 1992 has ensured continuity**
**in the work. With the financial re-inforcement**

**of the 3rd Framework Programme in 1993, as**
**second Call for proposals was published in**
**May 1993. Some key projects have been re-**
**inforced and** **extended,** **and a second set of**
**complementary** **projects** **started** **work** **in**
**January** **1994.**

**^Communication** **from** **the Commission on** **"Evaluation** **of the**
**second Framework Programme for research** **and** **technological**
**development** **(SEC<92)675** **Final),** **July 1992.**

**Reproduced** **in Section 3.2.1 of the final report in RACE**

**^^Communication** **of the Commission to the Council and European**
**Parliament,** **COM(93)l** **18, March 1993.**

**5** **)** **Council Decision** **91/352/CEE** **of 7th June 1991 adopting a**
**Specific Programme of research** **and** **technology development** **in** **the**
**field of Communications Technologies: OJ N°** **L192/8,16.7.91**

**The** **Programme** **will continue to make a**
**significant contribution to Europe's economic**
**development and** **socio-economic** **integration. It**
**is accompanied by national activities** **[6]** **)** **and**
**international** **actions,** **such** **as** **those** **of**
**EURESCOM** **[7]** **), which reinforce the EC**
**activity, and which are reinforced by it. The**
**RACE programme is a unique framework**
**within which Telecommunications network**

**operators, industry and users all co-operate.**

**Management and evaluation of the RACE**

**programme**

**The RACE programme is managed as a fully**
**integrated set of tasks;** **each project has**
**addressed** **one or more of a coherent set of**

**R&D tasks, each of which has contributed to a**
**single objective of the** _**"Introduction of**_
_**Integrated**_ _**Broadband**_ _**Communications,**_
_**taking into account the evolving ISDN and**_
_**national introduction**_ _**strategies,**_ _**progressing**_
_**to Community-wide services by**_ _**1995".**_

**The Workplan for the programme sets the**
**framework for the work of each project and for**
**their interaction. This interaction has further**

**been reinforced by regular "Concertation"**
**between projects, technical discussions at 6 - 8**
**week intervals in which all projects participate.**
**The technical results of the projects have**
**further been consolidated by a core project**
**responsible** **for** **development** **of** **IBC**
**implementation strategies and interaction with**
**European standardisation bodies.**

**•'Broadband** **communications** **trials** **are underway in,**
**most EU + EFTA countries.**

**'European Institute for research and strategic studies**
**in telecommunications GmbH.**

**The evaluation and auditing of** **the** **work in the**
**programme has reflected the strongly integrated**
**nature of the programme.**

**At the programme level, in 1991 and early**
**1992,** **the first Phase of work was** **evaluated,** **in**
**the context of the other major IT and**
**Telematics application programmes of the 2nd**
**Framework Programme (ESPRIT and DRIVE)**
**by an independent Panel** **[8]** **) .**

**A Strategic Audit was carried out in 1993 to**
**review** **the** **development** **of** **advanced**
**communications in Europe and the strategic and**
**policy objectives of the Community.** **The**
**results of this review were presented to**
**Members of the European Parliament in June**
**1993.**

**The research and technology development**
**within the programme has been accompanied**
**by regular assessments of the economic and**
**social impact of developments in advanced**
**communications** **[9]** **) The most recent of these**
**assessments was carried out in 1993 and**

**disseminated in March** **1994**

**At the Project level, each project has been**
**subject to a "Technical Audit" by independent**
**experts in the relevant field of research every**
**year. Technical Audits for Phase II projects**
**took place in October 1992 and in October**
**1993.** **The results of these annual audits have**

**been used to** **re-direct** **or terminate the work of**

**Projects when necessary.**

**These evaluations and audits have all shown**

**that the RACE Programme has been successful**
**in relation to its original objectives.**

**°'** **The report of the information and communications**
**technologies reviewd Board, Chaired by**
**Mr.W.DEKKER, June** **1902.**

_**'**_ **The reports of these assessments have been**
**published and widely disseminated as the series of**
**reports on "Perspectives for Advanced Communications**
**in Europe: PACE".**

**R&D in Advanced Communications technologies for Europe**

**(RACE)**

**- Mid-term Report on Phase II of** **RACE** **(1991-1994) -**

**1.** **Introduction**

Today, the telecommunications
industries account for an annual global
market in terms of services of ECU 285

billion; ECU 84 billion of which is in
the European Union. The equipment
market is worth ECU 82 billion at

world level, and ECU 26 billion in
Europe. The annual growth in value of
telecommunications services is now
about 8%, and 4% for equipment. The
telecommunication sector will represent
about 6% of European GDP by the end
of this century. Investment in
telecommunications networks and
services is running at close to 30 billion
ECU per year. The revenue is still
largely associated with voice telephony,
but most current capital investment is in
the new generations of digital
equipment, which can support the
integration of voice, data and image
communications. By 2000, as much as
30% of telecommunications revenues

could be associated with value-added
services using advanced data
communications.

World-wide, all spheres of life are
affected by the convergence of
information technology, broadcasting
and telecommunications. The

combination of data processing
techniques with innovative ideas in
telecommunications has already led to
the implementation of Integrated
Services Digital Networks, but these
are only a first step in a rapid evolution
to a much wider range of multi-media
services which will require new
technologies, network and service
management systems and new
regulatory systems. The combination
of service integration together with
optical fibres offering cheap high-speed
transmission (a million times greater
capacity than over copper wires)

provide the techno-economic basis for
a fundamental restructuring of all of the
sectors through Integrated Broadband
Communications QBC). The
development of this concept is the goal
of the RACE Programme.

The present report documents the
implementation of the second Phase of
the 10-year RACE Programme, from
1991 to 1993.

The context and organisation of the
Programme are described in Section 2
and 3, participation is described in
Section 4; and programme evaluations
and audits are summarised in Section 5.
Links with other EC and European
actions are described in section 6. The
results of the R&D in the first phase of
RACE have already been widely
exploited, both in development of
standards, in new network and service
developments, and as a basis for further
work in PJiase II of the programme.
The exploitation of the results of work
underway in Phase II of RACE is
described in section 7, and future
requirements and options for work at
European level are described in
Section 8.

R&D projects in Phase II are described
in Annex I. The participating
organisations are listed in Annex II, and
statistics on the participation are given
in Annex m. The recommendations of
the 1993 Strategic Audit of advanced
communication developments are
reproduced in Annex IV; a glossary of
technical terms is given in Annex V,
and a list of references to the formal

Decisions of the Council of Ministers

and Communications of the
Commission is given in Annex VI.

**2.** **The context and organisation of** **the** **Programme.**

**Further** **develop** **an** **open,**
**Community-wide** **market** **for**
**terminal** **equipment,**
**develop a common market in**
**which** **telecommunications**

**administrations** **and** **other**
**suppliers can compete on an**
**equal footing.**
**continue Community measures**
**regarding common standards;**
**stimulate European** **co-operation**
**at all levels, particularly in the**
**field of research and development**
**of telecommunications,**
**create a social environment for**
**the** **future** **development** **of**
**telecommunications,** **and,**
**integrate the less-favoured areas**
**of the Community fully into the**
**emerging** **Community-wide**

**market.**

**In 1992 and early 1993, a major review of**
**the telecommunications** **service** **sector**

**resulted in a Commission** **communication^)**
**on the findings. The recommendations**
**were adopted by the Council** **[3]** **).** **These**
**policies have provided a clear framework**
**within** **which** **the** **development** **of**
**communication technologies has been able**
**to complement changes in regulations and**
**standardisation.**

**^^Communication** **to the Council and European Parliament**
**on the consultation on the review of the situation in the**

**telecommunications services sector,** **COM(93)159** **final,**
**28.4.93.**

**3** **)Council** **resolution of 22.7.93 on the review of the**
**situation in the telecommunications sector and the need for**
**further development in that market** **(93/C213/01;** **O.J.**
**C213/1,6.8.93)**

_**2.1.**_ _**R&D**_ _**as**_ _**part**_ _**of**_ _**the**_
_**Telecommunications policy**_

_**Union's**_

**The RACE Programme forms an integral**
**part of the telecommunications policy of**
**the European Union.** **Linked to the**
**liberalisation and re-regulation of the**
**telecommunications sector, standardisation**
**policy and the information market policy, it**
**builds** **on** **information** **technology**
**developments** **in** **the** **framework** **of**
**ESPRIT, and for the first time involves the**
**European** **telecommunications** **network**
**operators, as major actors, in collaborative**
**technology and service development.** **By**
**addressing the future cost-performance of**
**the-** **communication** **infrastructures** **in**

**Europe,** **the** **RACE** **programme** **has**
**contributed to development of the single**
**market,** **the international competitiveness of**
**European industry and to the social and**
**economic cohesion of the Union.**

**The major goals of the telecommunications**
**policy of the Union, first set out in the**
**Council Resolution of June** **19881),** **are to:**

**Create or ensure Community-**
**wide network integrity, based on**
**the** **principle** **of** **full**
**interconnectivity** **between** **all**
**public networks** **concerned,**
**Progressively create an open**
**common** **market** **for**

**telecommunications services,**
**Promote the creation of Europe-**
**wide** **services** **according** **to**
**market requirements and social**
**needs,**

**^Council** **resolution** **of** **30th June 1988** **on the** **development**
**of the common** **maiket** **for telecommunications services and**
**equipment** **up** **to 1992; 88/C** **257/01:0.J.** **No C** **257/1,**
**4.10.88.**

_**2.2**_ _**The**_ _**objectives**_ _**of**_ _**the**_ _**RACE**_
_**Programme**_

**The** **main** **objective** **of** **the** **RACE**
**programme** **is** **to** **contribute** **to** **the**
_**"Introduction**_ _**of**_ **JBC** **[4]** **)** _**taking into**_
_**account the evolving ISDN**_ _**and**_ _**national**_
_**introduction strategies, progressing**_ _**to**_
_**Community-wide**_ _**services by**_ _**1995^)"**_

**The specific objectives of Phase I were:**

**to** **promote** **the** **Community's**
**telecommunications industry;**
**to enable European network operators**
**to compete under the best possible**
**conditions;**
**to enable a critical number of Member**
**States** **to** **introduce** **commercially**
**viable** **IBC** **services in** **1995;**
**to allow service providers to improve**
**cost-performance and** **introduce new**
**services; to** **make** **new** **services**
**available at a cost and on a timetable**
**at least as favourable as elsewhere;**
**to support the formation of a single**
**European** **market** **for**
**telecommunications** **equipment and**
**services, and to contribute to regional**
**development** **by** **allowing** **less**
**developed regions to benefit fully from**
**telecommunications developments.**

**4**
**r r** **"Integrated"** **not only means "integrated services" (at**
**the user level and at the** **appropriate** **network** **levels,** **it**
**also points to** **"integrity"** **of the whole** **network,** **and**
**therefore** **to the proper interworking of all its essential**
**constituent,** **including the existing and emerging ones:**
**telephony,** **packet-switched** **data,** **ISDN, satellite,**
**mobile, etc.**

**"B"** **"broadband"** **not only means the** **high-end"** **(in terms of**
**bit-rate)** **portion of the** **services,** **it also designates the**
**total mix of services to be** **considered,** **starting from**
**the "upper end" of ISDN** **(eg.** **certainly including 2**
**MbhVs** **accesses, and possibly even 64** **Kbh/s** **in**

**-** **specific application** **areas),** **up to what will be required**
**by a realistic introduction of video (interactive and**
**distributive) services** **(e.g.** **140** **Mbhs/s).**

***C"** **Communication" not only means the "conventional"**
**swfaiiing/transmission/CPN** **functions,** **h** **also**
**includes the most advanced features to make services**
**provision user-friendly, performent and economically**
**sound.**

**For Phase H, the** **objective**)** **is to enable**
**the integrated Broad band network to take**
**on the emerging new services, constructed**
**on** **"open"** **standards, and to make the** **use**
**of integrated services both flexible and**
**cheaper. In** **addition,** **a number of technical**
**objectives were set out in Annex II to the**
**Framework** **programme Decision, and in**
**the Annex I to the Decision on** **the** **Specific**
**Programme.** **The contribution of RACE**
**R&D projects to these objectives is**

**described in Table I.**

**During** **the** **development** **and**
**implementation of the programme, the**
**interpretation** **of the concept of Integrated**
**Broadband Communications has evolved in**

**response to changing market and regulatory**
**conditions. The definition below reflects**

**the consensus developed within the RACE**
**Management Committee during 1990.**

**5** **^Council** **Decision of 14 December 1987 on a Community**
**programme in the field of telecommunications technologies -**
**R&D in advanced Communications technologies in Europe**
**(RACE** **programme);** **88/28/EEC:** **O.J.** **No L** **16733,**
**21.1.88.**

**6** **)Set** **out in Annex II to the Council Decision** **of** **23rd April**
**1990 concerning the framework programme of Community**
**activities in the field of research and technological**
**development (1990 to 1994)** **(90/221/Euratom,** **EEC)**

**3.** **Implementation of the programme**

_**3.1 Phases of implementation**_

**In view of the rapid evolution of the**
**telecommunications sector in Europe, it**
**was decided from the beginning that a**
**phased implementation of the RACE**
**programme would be most appropriate, so**
**as to ensure the necessary flexibility and**
**responsiveness to changing circumstances.**
**Therefore, the programme began with a**
**Definition Phase** **[7]** **) during 1986, involving**
**major participation from industry experts**
**so as to provide a solid foundation for the**
**future programme.**

**This was followed by Phase I of the**
**RACE,** **which formally began in June**
**1987, and which ended in December 1992.**
**Key themes in Phase I of the programme**
**were** **supporting** **the development** **of**
**standards** **for** **the** **newly** **emerging**
**Broadband communications technologies,**
**the** **development** **of** **necessary** **new**
**equipment and components, and a series of**
**application** **pilots** **to** **trial** **the** **new**
**communications** **means** **which** **were**

**beginning to emerge.**

**The RACE programme had been envisaged**
**as a ten-year programme of work, to be**
**implemented in two phases, and indeed by**
**1991** **an important shift in perception had**
**occurred.** **What had seemed to be an**

**ambitious, almost futuristic, vision at the**
**beginning of the programme had matured**
**to a realistic opportunity - commercial**
**introduction** **of** **Integrated** **Broadband**
**Communications was now** **confidently**
**expected within four years. Moreover, it**
**had become increasingly evident that**
**telecommunications** **and** **advanced**

**information services would play a key role**
**in world** **socio-economic** **development as**
**we approach the** **21** **st century.**

**'^Council** **Decision** **of** **25th** **Jury 1983** **on a definition phase**
**for a Community action in the field of telecommunications**
**technologies** **-** **R&D** **programme** **in** **advanced**
**communications** **technologies** **for** **Europe** **(RACE):**
**85/372/EEC;** **O.J.** **No L 210/24; 7.8.1985**

**10**

**These circumstances led the European**
**Parliament and the Council of Ministers to**

**give priority to adoption of the new**
**Specific Programme»), thus the second**
**phase of RACE was adopted as a Specific**
**Programme** **within** **the** **Third** **EC**
**Framework Programme for research and**
**technology development in June 1991. It**
**was the first of those in the Third**

**Framework Programme to be** **adopted,** **and**
**the Workplan was immediately the subject**
**of a favourable opinion of the RACE**
**Management Committee.**

**A first Call for Proposals was published in**
**June 1991; the proposals were evaluated in**
**September and October 1991. Over 200**
**proposals were evaluated and 95 projects**
**started work in early 1992. These projects**
**are"** **scheduled to complete their work,**
**within the current budget provisions, by the**
**end of 1994. Following the financial re-**
**enforcement of the Third Framework**

**Programme by the Council in December**
**1992,** **a second Call for Proposals was**
**published in May 1993.** **The additional**
**projects resulting from the evaluation of**
**these proposals started work in January**
**1994.** **All the RACE Phase II projects are**
**detailed in an annex to this document.**

**Whereas the projects in Phase** **I** **of RACE**
**concentrated on the evaluation of options,**
**those** **in Phase II prepare** **for the**
**introduction of** **IBC.** **Telecommunications,**
**and** **switching** **and** **transmission** **in**
**particular, is one of the rare high-tech**
**sectors in** **which** **Europe is one of the world**
**leaders, and the work in RACE was**
**designed to maintain and increase this lead.**

**A** **further** **important** **aspect** **is**
**harmonisation,** **both for the Single Market**
**and to achieve the necessary economies of**
**scale.** **For** **example,** **a** **significant**
**consequence of the consensus on ATM**
**which has emerged is the elimination of**

**8** **>** **Council** **Decision 91/352/CEE** **of 7th June 1991:** **O.J.** **No**
**L** **192/8,16.7.91**

**functional disparities between the various**
**operators** **[1]** **friture** **networks. This facilitates**
**international** **interconnection** **and**

**interoperability, and greater compatibility**
**among services, and** _**it**_ **eliminates delays**
**and additional costs caused by adaptations.**
**The reduction in cost** **also** **enables**

**manufacturers to focus their energies on**
**new developments, thus making them more**
**competitive. Also, R&D work involving**
**the integration of a range of** **sub-systems**
**into specific components is demonstrating**
**that the technologies and skills are**
**available to produce system components**
**economically and on a large scale.**

**The RACE II projects reinforce the**
**collaboration and commitments already**
**made by industrial users, the telematics**
**industry and telecommunications operators**
**in RACE I. The focus of the new R&D is**

**on applications, services, operation and**
**management,** **but maintains a high level of**
**technology development to consolidate and**
**extend the key areas needed for realisation**
**of** **cost-effective** **provision of** **IBC** **services.**

_**3.2 Structure of activities**_

**A full description of the individual projects**
**in Phase II, and of their inter-relationship**
**with the Phase I projects, is available in the**
**programme Annual reports for** **1992**
**(RACE** **'92),** **1993 (RACE** **'93)** **and 1994**
**(RACE'94).**

**The projects cover the eight priority areas**
**for research which were identified in the**

**Annex to the Council Decision:**

**AREAl** **IBC** **(Integrated** **Broadband**
**Communications) R&D**
**AREA** **2** **Intelligence in** **networks/flexible**
**communications** **resource**

**management**
**AREA 3** **Mobile** **and** **personal**
**communications**

**AREA 4** **Image** **and** **data**

**communications**

**AREA 5** **Integrated services technologies**
**AREA** **6** **Information** **security**
**technologies**
**AREA** **7** **Advanced** **communications**

**experiments**
**AREA** **8** **Test** **infrastructures** **and**

**interworking.**

**The distribution of the financial resources**

**of** **the programme over these areas,**
**including the** **13.3%** **reinforcement in 1993,**
**is summarised in Table 1. Brief description**
**of work in each area are given in the**
**following section.**

**The ways in which Phase II projects**
**address the technical objectives specified in**
**the Decision on the 3rd Framework**

**Programme and Annex I to the Specific**
**Programme are described in Table 2.**

**The contribution of each project to the**
**Phase II objectives are described in Annex**
**I. The projects in the 2000 series started in**
**January 1992. The projects in the 2100**
**series started in January 1994 and end in**
**December 1995.**

**11**

**TABLE** **1**

**SUMMARY** **OF USE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN PHASE H OF THE** **RACE**

**PROGRAMME**

PROGRAMME

AREA

Area 1

Area 2

Area 3

Area 4

Area 5

Area 6

Area7

Area 8

DECISION

(MECU)

**111**

**43**

**53**

**68.11**

**39**

**29**

**121**

**20**

REINFORCED

(MECU)

**9**

**5.4**

**9**

**14**

**4**

**2**

**13**

**8**

TOTAL

(MECU)

**120**

**48.4**

**62**

**82.11**

**43**

**31**

**134**

**28**

_**3.3**_ _**Project activities in each Area**_

_**3.3.1 Area**_ _**I:**_ _**Integrated Broadband**_
_**Communications R&D**_
This area of the programme is concerned
with Integrated Broadband
Communications R&D. Broadband
services and applications are only possible
if a broadband physical infrastructure
exists to support them. Only optical fibres
can currently provide the bandwidth
required by all the services envisaged by
IBC. The technology research and
development for IBC in this area of the
RACE programme is therefore strongly
focused on fibre optics, and the TransEuropean Networks for
telecommunications will be largely based
on optical fibre technology. The future
optical infrastructure must and will meet
the challenges imposed by the convergence
of the telephony, data and cable TV
networks. The work in this area is therefore
concentrated on research and development
which is highly relevant to the future needs
of telecommunications users in Europe.

A primary objective is to ensure that all
users who wish to have access to

Broadband services will be able to do so at
economic cost, anywhere in Europe. Users
will therefore require direct Broadband
connections to the optical fibre network.

Another important area of activity is to
develop the fixed fibre infrastructure
necessary to support the growing demand
for mobile services.

Thus the main priorities for Area 1 are:

_• i_ to develop the concepts, architecture
and definition of networks and
transport systems based on optical
technology

- the development of the network and
system technology, transmission
techniques and network
management, closely related to the
development of optical components
and equipment

- the development of .the technology
basis for high performance low cost
optical devices and modules

the advanced development of new
materials, technologies and
transmission techniques to support
all requirements of future IBC
networks.

12

_**3.3.2**_ _**Area**_ _**2: Intelligence in**_
_**networks/flexible**_ _**communications**_

_**resource management**_

**This area of the programme is concerned**
**with intelligence in networks and flexible**
**communications resource management.**

**The provision of increasingly sophisticated**
**services supported by universal integrated**
**Broadband** **communications** **requires**
**increasing intelligence to be built into the**
**operations and management of networks**
**and services. The effective management of**
**their resources has long been a concern of**
**telecommunication** **operators** **and** **the**
**advent of multi-service/network providers**
**has increased the need for a more**

**structured approach to be taken to**
**management.** **Considerable progress has**
**been made in the last few years on the**
**standardisation of a Telecommunication**

**Management Network (TMN) framework**
**architecture and activities within RACE**

**have made a major contribution to** **these**
**standards. . There is now a need to**

**concentrate more on the management of**
**services and the relationship** **between**
**various** **domains** **of** **service/network**

**management** **in** **a** **multi-**

**service/heterogeneous** **network**
**environment.** **Another area requiring**
**further** **investigation is customer access to**
**management applications.**

**The planned integration of fixed and mobile**
**communications offers the opportunity to**
**provide** **a** **new** **concept** **in**
**telecommunication services in which use of**

**an identical personalised set of services is**
**available to a person irrespective of his**
**current location (home, office, car, visiting**
**office, remote site etc.) and irrespective of**
**the particular terminal device which is used**
**to access the service. This** **concept,** **which**
**is aimed at extending the UPT (Universal**
**Personal Telecommunications) concept, is**
**called** **the** **"Personal** **Service**

**Communications Space".**

**Thus,** **the main goals of work in this area**

**are:**

**•** **to** **continue** **to** **make** **major**

**contributions towards the evolution of**

***** **a** **standardised** **TMN** **reference**

**configuration,**

**•** **to define coherent and agreed concepts**
**and** **architecture** **of** **Service**

**Management,**

**•** **to** **validate** **the** **recommended**

**management** **approaches** **by**
**undertaking case studies and trials,**

**•** **to make major contributions towards**
**defining the concept of** **Personal**
**Service Communication Space as an**
**extension to the concept of UPT**

**•** **to define and validate the architecture**

**and components required to realise this**
**PSCS service**

_3.3.3_ _Area 3: Mobile and personal_

_communications_

**This area of the programme is concerned**
**with mobile and personal communications.**
**Recent market developments and initiatives**
**taking place in Japan and North** **America,**
**indicate that in order to meet the challenges**
**of** **globalisation** **and** **international**
**competition,** **very significant efforts should**
**be devoted in particular to the development**
**of** **mobile/personal** **communications**
**networks, systems, products and services,**
**as a means to capture a significant**
**percentage of the world market. Within the**
**European Union, it is hence of strategic**
**importance that the efforts pursued at a**
**national** **level** **be** **complemented** **by**
**Commission-sponsored projects aiming at**
**the development not only of a pan-**
**European market but also of world**
**markets.**

**Current market studies indicate that Europe**
**is mobile-aware and close to entering a**
**mass-consumer** **market** **for** **mobile**

**13**

**telecommunications. The most successful**

**national market currently supports a mobile**
**penetration of about 10%. To achieve the**
**predicted higher penetration levels will**
**require broadening the user** **community** **to**
**the general public and at the same time**
**offering** **more advanced and diverse**
**services to the business community.**

**Work in this area of the RACE programme**
**contributes to the development of Third**
**Generation** **Mobile** **Telecommunication**

**Systems, conceptualised by the Universal**
**Mobile** **Telecommunications** **System**
**(UMTS) and Mobile Broadband System**
**(MBS), intended to realise true personal**
**mobile** **radio** **communications** **from**

**anywhere within Europe, and to** **allow**
**people to communicate freely with each**
**other from homes or offices, cities or rural**
**areas,** **fixed locations or moving vehicles.**

**The primary objective of the work in this**
**area,** **particularly in the case of projects**
**dealing with UMTS, is the** **contribution** **to**
**standardisation activities.** **Activities in**

**support** **of** **standards** **development**

**encompass:**

**•** **the study of network issues including**
**network** **management,** **mobility**
**management,** **resource** **management,**
**security aspects, etc.,**

**•** **the comparative evaluation of the**
**two rival radio access techniques,**
**namely** **CDMA** **and** **advanced**
**TDMA,** **through the development of**
**common** **assumptions** **and** **the**
**establishment** **of** **performance**
**assessment scenarios,**

**•** **the study of all aspects related to the**
**integration of the UMTS satellite**
**component into the fixed network**
**infrastructure,**

**•** **the research and development of**
**technologies,**

**•** **the** **marketing** **aspects,** **service**
**creation,** **quality of service, service**

**requirements,** **evolution** **and**
**implementation** **strategies,**
**operational** **and** **functional**
**requirements.**

**In the case of MBS, which is the second**
**aspect of the work in this** **area,** **the**
**standardisation stage is likely to be reached**
**later. Hence the work focuses mainly on**
**the** **development** **of** **the** **enabling**
**technologies,** **expected** **technological**
**evolution and economic feasibility of**
**mobile Broadband services.**

_**3.3.4**_ _**Area**_ _**4: Image and data**_

_**communications**_

**This area of the programme is concerned**
**with image and data communications.**

**The concept of Integrated** **•** **Broadband**
**Communications is inherently multi-media.**
**The** **integration** **of** **existing**
**telecommunication,** **broadcast,** **and**
**personal computer services will create the**
**evolution space for a vast array of new**
**multimedia services which are more tuned**

**to the totality of human senses. Images**
**should ultimately be treated with the same**
**ease as voice and data are today, both**
**specifically and as part of an integrated**
**multimedia communication process. Image**
**communication will impose new** **challenges**
**on the network operator (e.g. fast response,**
**high bit rates), the service provider (e.g.**
**developing attractive multimedia services),**
**and the end user (new ways of user-service**
**interaction).**

**Among IBC services, the most demanding**
**information** **transmission** **requirements**
**come from image communication services**
**in general, and from high definition**
**television (HDTV) in particular.** **It is**
**expected that services involving digital**
**video will form a major part of** **IBC** **traffic**
**by the time that an integrated Broadband**
**digital network is implemented in Europe.**
**Digital video will not only be used for mass**
**home** **entertainment,** **but will also be an**
**important component of many image**

**14**

**communication** services **in** many
environments. **A** significant amount **of**
work **in this area** is **therefore** devoted **to**
optimising **the arrangements for** conveying
**conventional TV/HDTV** signals through
**Broadband** network, thereby creating **an**
attractive environment and opportunities
for further exploitation of these new
technologies.

The two main objectives of the work in this

area are:

- to exploit the potential of IBC for the
emancipation of image communication

- to develop systems for IBC for image
communication and distribution

services.

The calls for proposals in 1993 have
resulted in a considerable increase in the
number of projects and extension in this
area of work. The new projects are in the
areas of image transmission, multimedia
services and in image encoding and
decoding chips, and they much improve the
coverage of the area.

_**3.3.5 Integrated**_ _**services technologies**_

This area of the programme is concerned
with integrated services technologies.

Service engineering is the process of
defining, creating, deploying and
maintaining user and management services.
In the increasingly competitive environment
anticipated for the provision of services,
new services will need to be conceived and
created rapidly and cost-effectively in
response to user requirements. Nor are
these services expected to remain static. As
users gain familiarity with, and confidence
in, the initial advanced service offerings,
new requirements will arise and service
providers will need to be continuously
enhancing their services to maintain and
extend their customer base.
The Service Engineering process needs to
address the requirements of the market

**place for interoperable** services **in a** **multi-**
**service/network** **provider,** multi-vendor
**environment with the high level of**
**performance, integrity and availability**
**expected of telecommunication** services;
**services which address the** needs of a wide

diversity of potential users with different
**skill levels** **and** perceptions of requirements.

Projects in this area address issues arising
from the particular needs of service
engineering. In particular, they address:

- the need for **a** better understanding of
user requirements, including those
users with special needs,

- the need to provide a framework for the
definition of re-usable service
components and their interaction with
other service and network components,

- the need for means to ensure cost

effective creation of new services

within the above framework.

Thus activities within this area make an
important contribution to defining and
investigating an Open Services
Architecture for telecommunications.

_**3.3 6**_ _**Information security technologies**_

This area of the programme is concerned
with information security technologies.

The basic objective of these R&D actions
in the field of Information Security can be
stated as that of providing validated
specifications, guidelines and technology
for practical and effective information
security for the development,
implementation, and operation of advanced
communications-based applications and
services, in particular at a pan-European
level, for general users, the business
community and public administrations,
without compromising the interests of the
public at large.

**15**

**The economic provision of trustworthy**
**electronic** **information** **implies** **the**
**application and incorporation of a variety**
**of security techniques and procedures into**
**the** **various** **components** **involved.**
**Advantage can be taken of the fact that the**
**same common technology may be used to**
**meet** **the** **different** **needs** **of** **the**

**telecommunications** **infrastructure,** **the**
**service** **environment,** **the enterprise network**
**and the user space.**

**While technology** **may** **be common and**
**local aims the same, there can quickly arise**
**contradictions between the efforts of the**

**different players. A communication service**
**may need to be supplied and managed in**
**ways that avoid fraud and the actual**
**content of a particular communication may**
**also need to be protected. But different**
**players will view the relative importance of**
**these two requirements differently, and the**
**costs involved and the desire to assume**

**responsibility may also vary between**
**actors. There is therefore a need to have**

**clear definitions of what is supplied and**
**what guarantees** **are given** **so that**
**individuals** **and** **companies** **can** **cost**
**effectively** **assume** **their** **proper**
**responsibilities.** **Security technology and**
**protocols have to be developed and**
**implemented** **to** **match** **the** **social,**
**commercial** **and contractual** **interfaces**

**involved.**

**Information security systems must protect**
**privacy and intellectual property, allow fair**
**competition,** **and still meet the needs of law**
**enforcement and national security.** **The**
**future challenge is to meet the complex,**
**sometimes contradictory needs of the**
**general** **public,** **business** **and**
**administrations.** **While** **the** **security**
**elements necessary for the European**
**information space must be made available**
**if society is to profit from its investments in**
**telecommunications** **and** **broadcasting**
**systems,** **widespread** **acceptance** **and**
**approval by all parties of these elements is**
**also important to safeguard legitimate**
**interests** **and to** **prevent** **misuse** **of**
**information and of security techniques.**

**Actions** **in this field require concerted**
**efforts** **on** **technological** **development,**
**standards, verification and certification**
**procedures and regulation.**

_**3.3.7.**_ _**Advanced Communications**_

_**experiments**_

**This area of the programme is concerned**
**with** **advanced** **communications**

**experiments (ACEs).**

**Advanced Communications Experiments**
**provide the opportunity for those concerned**
**with the provision of advanced services or**
**equipment to interact with real users who**
**eventually will be the customers for the**
**new services or equipment. In this way,**
**service and equipment providers are able to**
**assess the true requirements of users in real**
**working situations; and the fumre users of**
**advanced services are able to assess the**

**feasibility of their requirements in an**
**experimental** **situation,** **and the capability**
**of the service or equipment providers to**
**answer their needs.**

**Associated with the full spectrum of needs**
**exhibited by users from a wide variety of**
**industrial sectors, it is possible to extract**
**commonalities of requirements and to bring**
**these together into a smaller number of**
**"generic applications".** **This** **approach**
**provides a common way of supporting the**
**applications required by** **many** **different**
**sorts of** **users.**

**Each project needs to maintain a good**
**balance between application definition,**
**application** **validation,** **and technology**
**development.** **There is a high priority**
**requirement to match experiments to**
**networks, to ensure maximum community**
**coverage, and to avoid duplication.**

**The key objectives for ACE projects are:**

**•** **to advance understanding of** **users'**
**needs** **and** **wants** **for** **advanced**

**communications,**

**16**

**to** **identify"** **by a process of trial**
**implementation the range of advanced**
**communications** **applications** **and**
**services required by many different**
**business functions and sectors,** **and** **to**

**determine** **the** **benefits** **and**

**opportunities provided by advanced**
**communications** **in** **a** **realistic**

**experimental** **environment,**

**to promote awareness of realistic**
**exploitation opportunities offered by**
**advanced communications,**

**to provide** **feedback,** **particularly in**
**relation to those service attributes and**

**system** **specifications** **considered**
**crucial** **to** **the** **viability** **of** **the**
**application,**

**to assist in the specification and**
**verification of the generic applications,**

**to verify the economic, commercial and**
**technical feasibility of applications of**
**advanced communications facilities.**

_**3.3.8**_ _**Test infrastructures and**_
_**interworking**_

**This area of the programme is concerned**
**with test infrastructures and interworking.**
**Thus projects in this area are horizontal**
**R&D activities supporting the work in the**
**other areas.**

**The last phase before the introduction of**
**IBC technology by 1995 is to ensure that**

**all elements will interwork at all levels and**

**satisfy all user needs and constraints. This**
**implies a timely testing phase of** **trials** **and**
**exr*riments** **to verify technology, user**
**acceptance,** **Quality** **of** **Service,** **and**
**compliance with standards and regulations.**

**Over the last several years, in parallel to**
**RACE's** **efforts in developing Broadband**
**technology, the European network operators**
**have installed a considerable optical fibre**
**infrastructure.** **In** **addition,** **supported by**
**national** **or** **European** **Commission-**
**sponsored programmes, several national**
**testbeds for Broadband communications**

**have been or are being set up in various**
**locations; the so-called IBC islands. These**
**testbeds are based on different technologies,**
**have different** **objectives** **and require**
**transborder connections. Therefore RACE**

**projects belonging to this area identify**
**common elements that form the basis for**

**introducing IBC interoperability at all**
**levels,** **and at the same time use current**
**available networks (including the IBC**
**islands) to provide a first step for the**
**introduction^of** **IBC.** **An important objective**
**is to stimulate the demonstration** **of**

**Broadband communications in Europe by**
**interconnecting IBC islands and high**
**performance** **computing** **centres in different**
**member states, ultimately helping to provide**
**Europe with a ubiquitous Broadband**
**network - the European initiatives on**
**information** **Hign** **ways**

**17**

**TABLE 2**

**CONTRIBUTIONS TO TECHNICAL OBJECTIVES**

_**Objectives**_ _**of**_ _**Area 1: Integrated Broadband Communications R&D**_

**Technical objectives** **Ways in which Phase** **Q** **projects**
**address these objectives**

**Impact of** **the RACE** **work**

Clear definition of the important
issues and concepts of IBC

Proposals and models for panEuropean all-optical networks.
Harmonisation of transit and local

network architectures

Enables higher quality and improved
performance of systems. Cost
reductions of local access connections

Common tools have been developed
for techno-economic analysis, for
advanced network planning and
management

Consensus on harmonised European
approach to IBC infrastructure
specification

Common understanding of the IBC
evolution and its implications

Common définition of IBC systems
and sub-systems

Identification of technology and R&D
requirements

An understanding of the costeffectiveness of alternative
implementation routes

Analysis of standardisation
requirements

Identification of harmonised
implementation strategies, taking into
account the diversity of existing
infrastructure and user needs

Studies of optical fibre and ATM
network design and topology,
extendible to pan-European networks

Systems and related components and
performance /cost comparisons,
including WDM, TDM, SDH, ATM

Development of common tools for
techno-economic and operational

assessments.

Inputs to CMP and to ETSI.
Generation of consistent set of

reference models for novel network

architectures.

_**Objectives**_ _**of**_ _**Area 2: Intelligence in networks/Flexible communications resource**_ _**management.**_

**Technical objectives** **Ways in** which **Phase II projects**
**address these objectives**

To enable second-generation systems
to exploit foreseeable progress in data
processing

To contribute to standardisation and
definition of interconnection protocols

Prototype implementations of
emerging standards-conformant
service and management components

Development of an architectural
framework for the definition of interoperable network and service
management systems

Exploration of the implications
involved in realising new concepts in
personal communicadons

18

**Impact of the RACE work**

Acceleration of availability of
standards-conformant products from
multi-vendors, interworking to
provide advanced, managed telecom
services

Validation of emerging standards

Common functional specifications and
inputs to standardisation bodies:
ETSI, ITU-T on Telecom
Management Networks.

Common functional specifications and
inputs to standardisation bodies:
ETSI, ITU-T on the evolution of UPT
and IN.

_**Objectives**_ _**of**_ _**Area 3: Mobile and personal communications**_

Technical objectives Ways in which Phase II projects Impact of the RACE work
address these objectives
To contribute to the definition of Work on planning tools, traffic Contributions to the development of
standards necessary for the 3rd analysis, fixed network integration, Common Functional Specifications
generation systems (UMTS - The network modelling and management, and significant input to
Universal Mobile mobility management, adaptive air standardisation bodies: ETSI-SMG5,
Telecommunications System) interface, service creation & CCIR, CCITT and ISO.
deployment, cell design, access
schemes, coding and modulation.
Identify evolution and implementation
scenarios. Carry out field trials

To permit the exploitation of new Specification of a system concept, Contribute to the development of the
hyperfrequencies in mobile design of demonstrators and basic enabling technologies (MMIC
communications: (MBS - Mobile millimetre wave transceivers technology, in particular using
Broadband System) permitting datarates necessary for pHEMT processes) and the system
video transmission. Expected concepts for mobile broadband at 60
evolution and economic feasibility GHz
also investigated.

_Objectives of Area 4: Image_ _**and**_ _data communications_

Technical objectives Ways in which Phase II projects Impact of the RACE work
address these objectives
To integrate image into multi-media Development of interworking Promote digital TV distribution by
communications technology for transmission by ATM, various means
cable, fibre, satellite and radio

Development of multimedia storage Rapid uptake of audio-visual services
system, video-on-demand services, with European technology
access control and copyright
protection, user friendly interfaces

To ensure the development of allied Development of low bit rate coding, Impact on world audio-visual
protocols and coder-decoders cost effective VLSI codecs, standards i.e. MPEG 2
transcoding VLSI

Development of 3D TV image Improved support for industry,
synthesis and studio CPN education, research, medicine and TV

                  production

**19**

_**Objectives**_ _**of**_ _**Area 5: Integrated**_ _**services**_ _**technologies**_

Technical objectives Ways in which Phase H projects Impact of the RACE work
addresses these objectives                    To ensure the ease of use of new Development of design guidelines in Common Practice Recommendations
service by small and medium-sized the implementation of user-service
undertakings interfaces, to ensure widespread
acceptability to users

User trials of prototype Validation of design guidelines,
implementations of user-service Acceleration of the commercial
interfaces, in particular those availability of adaptions to user
exploiting new technology and interfaces for people with special
mechanisms needs

To prepare the scientific and Development of a harmonised Common functional specifications
technological basis for development architecture for the definition of representing consensus on future
of standards reusable service and management architectures providing enhancements
service components, in a multi- to IN and IN/TMN harmonisation
service provider, multi-vendor
environment

Prototype implementations of service Acceleration of commercial
creation environments (guidelines, availability of service creation
methods, tools) supporting the environments
deployment of telecom services

_**Objectives**_ _**of**_ _**Area 6: Information security technologies**_

Technical objectives Ways in which Phase II projects Impact of the RACE work
address these objectives
To contribute to the development of Definition and prototyping of a Demonstrates possibilities for more
technologies for information security security architecture. efficient and effective security in
complex environments
Development of security management Provides a framework for
framework. development of a wide range of
security services.

Investigation of automatic processes Demonstrates initial technical
for detection and neutralisation of feasibility of enhanced behavioural
malicious software. surveillance techniques

To contribute to the definition of Work on a conceptual framework and
international standards and methodology for integration of needs,
verification technologies liabilities and obligations.

Development and validation of Take-up of key concepts enabling
standards for security in open, convergence on standards and
distributed and heterogeneous products,
environments.

Development of components to Feedback from application of
defined ITSEC (IT Security European evaluation criteria to state
Evaluation Criteria) levels of the art components and
environments into work on Common
. I Criteria (EU/NA).

**20**

_**Objectives**_ _**of**_ _**Area**_ _**7:**_ _**Advanced Communications experiments**_

Technical objectives Ways in which Phase U projects Impact of.the RACE work
address these objectives _[_
To verify the feasibility of integrated Advanced communications Prototypes of integrated
communications systems experiments build working pan- communications systems in many
European pilots of their applications industry sectors, e.g. manuf.,
m different industry sectors design,banking, publishing, retail,
construction, culture, transport etc.
now established and running

Use and adapt currently available Advances state-of-art in leading edgeequipment and services to trial communications
advanced applications

Execute techno-economic and market Many advanced applications now
analyses of advanced communications approaching market/real user launch
applications

Identify generic applications Small number of underlying generic
services and platforms developed to
support multiple applications

To contribute to developing Projects experiment with trial Interconnection standards pioneered
interconnection standards interconnections and disseminate in RACE form starting point for toresults to the industry be-established standards

Real world tests reduce uncertainty
for service suppliers and
manufacturers

_Objectives_ _of_ _Area 8: Test infrastructures and interworking_

Technical objectives Ways in which Phase II projects Impact of the RACE work
address these objectives
To validate standards and functional Implementation of functional Harmonisation of standards, based on
specifications specifications in prototype equipment, practical trial experience. Particular
Performance of experimentation on contribution to the UNI (user-network
prototypes. Implementation of interface)
standards on larger scale equipment.

To establish interconnection and Interconnection of broadband Catalyst for the development of the
interworking systems and protocols components within testbeds, then European broadband infrastructure.
interconnection of testbeds with ad Raises awareness of broadband
hoc solutions, then via public capabilities and remaining technical
networks. Applications trialed on issues.
interconnected testbeds

**21**

**4.** **Participation in the Programme**

The 117 **R&D** projects involve the
participation of 574 different organisations
and companies, including all the major
European telecommunications actors. In
addition, 49 different organisations from
EFTA countries (Austria, Finland,
Norway, Sweden and Switzerland) has 105
separate participations in the work.

_**4.1 Involvement of**_ _**the European**_
_**telecommunications**_ _**industry and**_
_**network operators**_

All the major European
telecommunications equipment suppliers
are heavily involved in the work (for
example, the Alcatel group has 60
participations from eleven organisations in
the group from Germany, Portugal, France,
Italy and Norway). 37% of participations
are from the telecommunications equipment
supply industry and 17% from
telecommunications network operators. In
terms of the effort devoted to the work the
involvement of these organisations is even
stronger: 47% from the supply industry
and 18% from the network operators.

_**4.2**_ _**Involvement**_ _**of SMEs**_

Despite the high cost of R&D in advanced
telecommunications, the second phase of
RACE has attracted a strong participation
from small and medium-sized enterprises
(SMEs). They represent 41% of the
participations in Phase II projects,
compared with 28% for Phase I, and
16.5% for the 2nd Framework Programme
as a whole'). Small organisations, whether
enterprises or research organisations,
participate in over 70% of Phase II
projects, compared with 60% in Phase I,
and provide 34% of the total effort.

**evaluation** **of the second Framework Programme of** **RTD:**
**Report from CREST to** **Council,** **September 1992.**
**CREST/1212/1/92.**

_**4.3**_ _**Contribution**_ _**to**_ _**economic**_ _**and social**_

_**cohesion**_

By investigating and developing strategies
for IBC introduction all areas of the EU,
including in less favoured regions, the
programme has paved the way for the
realisation of Trans-European Broadband
Communications Networks as foreseen in
Chapter XII of the Treaty on European
Union. Particular attention has been given
to the need to link island, landlocked and
peripheral regions with central regions of
the Union

A substantial number of accompanying
measures, workshops and summer schools
have ensured that the R&D carried out has
been accessible to scientists and engineers
from all areas of the European Union, and
a particular effort has been made to
organise workshops and seminars in less
favoured areas.

82 projects (70%) involve organisations
from less favoured regions of the Union,
compared with 60% in Phase I. Through
their participation, these companies are
contributing to tranfers of technology and
expertise to these regions. About 20% of
participations are by organisations in the
four countries eligible for the "cohesion
fund".

**22**

5. **Evaluation and Auditing** of **the RACE Programme**

**5.7** _**Evaluation**_ _**as**_ _**an**_ _**on-going process**_

In view of the rapid evolution of communication
technologies and services, evaluation has been
seen as an on-going process throughout the
preparation of the programme, its
implementation and its execution. It has also
been a process that has affected every level: the
strategic orientation of the programme, the
operational management of the programme, and
the technical direction of every project.

The evaluation process started with the extensive
collaboration of telecommunications actors in
planning the programme and in development of
the Workplan. Continuing collaboration with
industry and telecommunications operators
allowed a yearly up-date of the both the
Programme Workplan and the workplans of each
project. In addition, regular meetings between the
consortia making up the programme
(Concertation Meetings) ensure that there is a
continuous informal process of progress
monitoring and adjustment by all projects. The
consistency of work is assured by the Consensus
Management Project, which has close relations
with European standardisation bodies.

The progress in work in Phase I was reported to
the Council of Ministers and the European
Parliament in 1990 in the "30 month" review and
in 1993 in the Final report [10] ). For Phase II,
This mid-term review documents the
implementation of the programme. The results
of the work and the impact of the programme on
European telecommunication, economic growth
and employment creation will be summarised in
the Final report to be prepared at the end of
1994.

**10)** **R+D in advanced communications technologies for Europe**
**(RACE). Final report on Phase** **I:** **COM(93)l** **18,** **March.** **1993**

_**5.2**_ _**Programme Audits**_ _**and**_ _**evaluations**_

The work on Integrated Broadband
Communication (IBC) in RACE has been
periodically adjusted to respond to rapidly
evolving techno-economic conditions and service
opportunities. Therefore, within the programme,
a periodic critical examination (Audit) has been
carried out at two levels:

A strategic review of advanced
communications developments,
including an evaluation of the
performance of RACE as a whole with
respect to mid-term and policy
objectives of the Union in an
international context
The technical aspects, evaluating the
performance of the RACE projects
with respect to the programme
objectives

_**5.2.1**_ _**Strategic Audits**_ _**and programme**_

**•** _**evaluations**_

In 1991 and early 1992, the RACE programme
was evaluated in the context of the other major
IT and Telematics application programmes of
the 2nd Framework Programme (ESPRIT and
DRIVE) by an independent Panel chaired by Mr
Dekker [11] ). The Commission has separately
responded to the recommendations of this
Panel [12] ). ;

In 1992, the Commission reported on the first
Phase of the RACE programme in the context of
its Evaluation of the 2nd Framework
Programme [1] 3). The Committee on Research
Science and Technology (CREST) was invited
by the Council to comment on the Commission's
report. CREST passed on the invitation to the

**'The** **report of the information and communications technologies**
**review** **Board,** **Chaired by** **Mr.** **W.** **Dekker,** **June** **1992.**

**1** **hTie** **Commission's response to the Dekker** **report,** **January 1993**

**^Communication** **from** **the Commission on "Evaluation of the**
**second Framework Programme for research** **and** **technological**
**development (SEC(92)675** **Final),** **July** **1992.**

**23**

**RACE Management Committee** **(RMC),** **which**
**submitted** **its** **report** **in** **Jury** **1992.** **The**
**recomrnendarions were reported** **in the** **Final**
**report** **on** **Phase** **I. An** **independent Strategic**
**Audit** **was** **carried** **out in 1993 to** **evaluate** **the**
**work** **in** **respect** **of the** **strategic** **and** **policy**
**objectives of the Community** **in an** **international**
**context. The main conclusions are reproduced** **in**
**Annex IV.**

_5.2.2_ _**Impact assessments**_ _**and**_ _**forecasts**_

**The research and technology development within**
**the programme** **is** **accompanied** **by** **regular**
**assessments of the economic and social impact** **of**
**developments in advanced communications.** **The**
**reports** **of** **these assessments** **are** **published** **and**
**widely disseminated** **as the** **series** **of** **reports** **on**
**"Perspectives** **for** **Advanced Communications** **in**
**Europe:** **PACE"** **The** **most recent** **of** **these**
**assessments** **was carried out in 1993.** **It** **focused**
**on** **the** **potential impact** **of** **investment** **in**
**advanced communications** **on** **macro-economic**
**growth.** **The** **analyses showed that additional**
**growth** **of** **up** **to** **6% in GDP could** **be** **stimulated**
**in Europe by** **a** **pro-active** **policy of investment in**
**both** **the** **provision** **of** **advanced** **and** **high-speed**
**infrastructures** **and by** **stimulation** **of** **new uses**
**and applications** **of** **services** **[1]** **^).** **This activity**
**provides** **the** **factual background** **for the** **yearly**
**up-date** **of the work under the programme as well**
**as minor adjustments during** **the** **course** **of** **the**
**year. This activity** **has** **been fully integrated into**
**the 2nd Phase** **of** **RACE following the provisions**
**made** **in the** **Council Decision** **on the** **'Specific**
**Programme on Communications Technologies.**

_5.2.3 Technical Audits of RACE projects_

**To** **be** **able** **to** **adapt** **the** **Programme** **to the**
**development of technology and** **to** **changes in the**
**perception** **of** **demand,** **the** **Council Decision**
**provides for an annual revision of the workplan.**
**All** **the** **on-going projects** **are** **annually reviewed**
**with respect** **to** **the objectives** **of** **the programme**
**and new needs. Each project has been subject** **to**
**a "Technical Audit"** **by** **independent experts** **in**
**the relevant field** **of** **research every year.** **For**

**1 4** **)** **The economic impact of advanced communications; Teknibank**
**report for** **DG** **Xm,** **May 1993.**

**Phase** **H,** **the** **first such Technical Audit took**
**place in October 1992 and the second in October**
**1993.** **The** **results** **of** **these annual audits** **has**

**been used** **to** **re-direct** **or** **terminate** **the** **work** **of**
**Projects when necessary.**

**The Technical Audit** **has** **consisted** **of the**
**following major elements:**

**(a) Each year, the partners in each project carry**
**out** **a** **"self-evaluation"** **by** **reviewing** **the**
**project** **in all its** **essential** **aspects** **and**
**document** **the** **results** **in an** **Annual Review**
**Report.**
**(b) These are evaluated by independent external**
**experts (Auditors) identified with** **the** **help**
**of RMC. Following** **the** **evaluation** **of** **the**
**reports,** **the** **projects** **are** **given** **a** **"hearing"**
**under the chairmanship of the Commission.**
**The Projects have** **an** **opportunity** **to**
**highlight achievements and to outline** **future**
**work.** **The** **Auditors, grouped** **in** **Panels**
**according** **to** **their respective expertise,** **are**
**able to question the projects** **to** **complete the**
**picture given by the Annual Report and the**
**Presentation.**
**(c)** **The** **Panels consolidate their conclusions**
**and recommendations,** **and** **document them**
**in the Audit Panel Reports to the RMC and**
**to the Commission.**
**(d) The Audit Reports are complemented** **by an**
**assessment** **of the** **contractual deliverables**
**by the Project Officers** **of** **the Commission**
**(in general** **the** **deliverables** **are** **considered**
**confidential** **and are not** **disclosed** **to the**
**Auditors).**

**This procedure** **has** **proved both fair** **and**
**effective. The Audit reports have served** **as an**
**excellent basis** **for** **negotiation** **of** **contracts** **for**
**the detailed workplans of each project, each year.**

_5.3. Dissemination_ _and_ _exploitation of results_

_The Role_ _of_ _Concertation_ _and the_ _Consensus_
_Management Project_

**The Concertation mechanism has been developed**
**to** **improve** **information** **collection** **and**
**dissemination. The mechanisms** **for** **Concertation**
**are** **the:** **Consensus Management** **Project,** **Project**
**Lines, Common Interest Circles, Concertation**
**Technical Groups** **and** **Concertation meetings**

**24**

**themselves. Both Consensus Management and**
**the Concertation mechanisms are important**
**elements in the collaboration concept for the**
**development and introduction of** **IBC.** **The**
**Consensus Management Project performs the**
**function of RACE Systems Engineering and has**
**the specific remit of editing Common Functional**
**Specifications (CFS) and Common Practice**
**Reconimendations** **(CPR). The preparation of**
**CFS and CPR has been an important output of**
**RACE,** **and as the programme moves from**
**"Exploring** **Options"** **to** **"Preparing** **for**
**Implementation"** **these will become increasingly**
**driven by the needs of their intended audiences,**
**the developers and purchasers of products and**
**services.**

_**Dissemination, Workshops, Conferences and**_
_**Deliverables**_

**Participants in** **the RACE programme as a**
**whole present aspects of the programme work at**
**conferences and exhibitions throughout Europe.**
**The RACE** **Directorate** **also organises and**
**supports** **a** **number** **of** **workshops** **and**
**conferences** **each** **year** **on** **important**
**communications issues, including fibre to the**
**home,** **broadband** **islands, intelligent cities, and**
**business** **opportunities** **using** **advanced**
**communications. Approximately 35 workshops**
**and conferences were run in 1993 and** **1994**

**should match or exceed this number. A major**
**event of 1993 was the CEBIT exhibition at**

**Hannover, where** **11** **live demonstrations were**
**hosted on the Commission's stand, linked to**
**similar exhibits within CEBIT, as well as to**
**communications experiments in** **11** **different**
**countries. The event was coupled with a**

**conference** **and public hearing on the 1993**
**Strategic Audit.** **The range of dissemination**
**measures are also illustrated by the wide range**
**of publications, contributions to standards and**
**patents** **registered,** **as well as the database on**
**deliverables. There will be a total of 3056**

**deliverables from RACE and** **accompanying**
**measures Of these 1096 will be in the public**
**domain,** **622 are restricted to the RACE**
**community,** **621** **are** **limited** **to certain RACE**
**projects only, and 618 are for internal use within**
**the project.**

_**Exploitation Plan**_

**It is a requirement of RACE that project**
**consortia specify their plans to exploit results.**
**RACE also uses a number of mechanisms for**

**internal exploitation in which components**
**produced by technology demonstrators are built**
**into sub-system** **demonstrators,** **and** **these**
**subsystems in turn are used to build more**
**complex** **system** **demonstrators.** **Further,**
**technical information on system performance are**
**fed to the application experiments, which in turn**
**provide improved understanding of user needs**
**and opportunities for product and service**
**development.** **Exploitation** **reports** **have**
**described** **the** **possibilities** **for** **economic**
**exploitation,** **whether of** **scale,** **scope** **or**
**integration; the impact of compatibility and**
**interoperability,** **systems** **developments,**
**individual technology developments, business**
**sector applications and infrastructure impact as**
**well as strategic leverage.** **A number of**
**databases and an "Impact and Exploitation"**
**questionnaire have been used to provide**
**additional summarised overviews.**

**25**

6. Links with **other EU and European actions**

_**6.1**_ _**Links with ETNO and**_ _**EURESCOM.**_

Links with CEPT and its subsequent bodies have
changed substantially during the development
and implementation of RACE.

The re-regulation of telecommunications, in line
with the new European Telecommunications
Pohcy, led the CEPT to set up a number of
separate bodies, two of which have established
strong linkages with RACE activities: ETNO,
the European Telecommunications Network
Operators group, is now the forum for
discussions between network operators on
regulatory and network interoperation issues;
and EURESCOM who provides a forum for joint
applied research. Almost all major European
fixed network operators participate in
EURESCOM, and it serves as a valuable
interface between the Commission, RACE
projects and the most network operators.

_**6.2 Links with European and international**_
_**standardisation bodies**_

As part of the implementation of European
telecommunications policy, ETSI, the European
Telecommunications Standardisation Institute,
was set up in 1988. It is now established as the
major European forum for the development of
technical specifications. The pre-normative
work in Phase I of RACE provided 596 separate
contributions to the standardisation work of
ETSI, CCITT and CCIR. In addition, regular
meetings have been held with representatives of
CEN/CENELEC, EBU and SPAG.

_**6.3 Links**_ _**with**_ _**other**_ _**Commission**_
_**programmes/European activities**_

RACE projects capitalise on the results of
projects developing generic technologies, i.e.
ESPRIT (microelectronics components, software
tools, ATP for network management etc.);
similarly projects in the specific programme of

RTD on telematic systems of general interest
draw heavily on the results of RACE projects.

Hie collaboration with COST has been

implemented by close links between related work
and periodic meetings on the programme
management level.

With the EUREKA Initiative, the strongest
interaction has evolved in the field of audiovisual
technologies. Part of the work related to the
promotion of HDTV (EUREKA project 95) was
complemented by work under a Phase I RACE
contract; and EUREKA project 256 on videocoding was associated with the RACE
integration activities.

To establish a broader synergy in Phase II, a
joint EUREKA-RACE concertation meeting was
held in September 1992. A total of 30 EUREKA
projects are active in these areas of
communications research; in generic
telecommunications systems and components;
local networks and services for industry, and in
the area of audio-visual media technologies.

Continuing information exchange with RACE
RTD projects is ensured through common
participants, and though participation in topical
workshops and conferences.

Strong Links have been established with research
in the cost [1] framework. Joint workshops have
been organised with COST projects in the areas
of optical communications and mobile
communications, and Cost project co-ordinators
are invited to the RACE project concertation
meetings.

_**6.4**_ _**Links with organisations in EFT**_ _**A**_ _**countries**_

Organisations from Austria, Finland, Norway,
Sweden and Switzerland are involved in Phase II
of the RACE programme. 50 organisations from
those countries participated in 94 projects (126
participations in over 80% of the work)

1 Co-operation in Science and Technology

26

**7. Implementation strategies, accompanying measures and socio-economic impacts**

**The** **development** **of** **distance** **working** **-**
**"telework"** **- in Europe is of crucial importance**
**for Europe's economic development: it will be a**
**major driver of technology development in the**
**next few** **years;** **it will open new opportunities for**
**small businesses; it** **will** **contribute to easing the**
**problems of congestion in cities, and it will give**
**peripheral and rural areas a unique opportunity**
**to attract a much wider range of employment**
**than in the past. It can help both to give industry**
**new competitive advantages; it can contribute to**
**easing some of the environmental pressures and**
**can introduce a new flexibility** **into the**
**employment** **market,** **without detracting The**
**opportunities** **presented** **by** **the** **new**
**communications technologies will have a very**
**important impact on future economic growth in**
**the Community and the international division of**
**labour world-wide. Three distinct but interlinked**

**growth processes are at work:**

**Improved access to better information**
**raises productivity throughout the**

**economy,**
**Improvements in communications raise**
**the utility,** **and consequently the**
**marketability, of both old and new**
**services leading to their** **expansion,**
**Transition to the new** **service-driven**
**and** **information-based** **economy**
**requires very large public and private**
**investment in new infrastructures, both**
**physical - cable, switches, terminals -**
**and** **human,** **for the development of**
**value-added** **telecommunications**

**services.**

**In the White paper on** **growth,** **competitiveness**
**and employment, the Commission has proposed**
**that the Member States of the European Union,**
**and the European institutions, should together**
**focus on five priorities: Promotion of** **the** **use of**
**information technologies,** **particularly** **in the**
**public sector, but also through promotion of**
**teleworking; Promotion of investment in basic**
**trans-European services, for ISDN and** **high-**
**speed networking;** **creation of an appropriate**
**regulatory framework to ensure** **competition,**
**guarantee universal service and security of**
**information** **and** **communication** **systems;**

**develop training on new technologies, and**
**increase** **industrial** **and** **technological**
**performance in European business, notably**
**through** **increasing research and technology**
**development. Specifically in the area of trans-**
**European telecommunications networks, nine**
**priorities** **for** **investment** **stimulation** **are**
**identified:**

**Establishment** **of** **high-speed**
**communications networks;**
**consolidation of integrated services digital**
**networks across Europe;**
**consolidation of systems for electronic**
**access to information;**
**development of** **European** **electronic mail**
**services;**
**implementation** **of** **interactive** **video**
**services,** **based** **on** **CATV** **and**
**telecommunications** **infrastructures** **and**
**technologies;**

**stimulation of teleworking;**
**stimulation of telematic links between**
**administrations;**
**development of** **teletraining** **services; and**
**development of telemedicine services and**
**networks.**

**A total investment of over 500 billion ECU will**

**be required in Europe by 2005 - from network**
**operators in infrastructure development; from**
**service providers in developing new service**
**provision capabilities, and from businesses to**
**allow them to obtain competitive advantage from**
**new infrastructures and services. The economic**

**and employment advantages of this investment**
**will only be realised if the key European**
**infrastructure and service developments are**
**technically** **compatible,** **operationally**
**interconnected,** **and synchronous in time.**

**In order to stimulate and assess the** **exploitation**
**of RACE results by the participants, a "RACE**
**Exploitation Plan" has** **been** **regularly updated**
**throughout the period from 1988 to date.** **It**
**provides an integral view of the exploitation of**
**the results by participants.**

**27**

_**7.1 An indicative IBC implementation timetable**_

**Effective exploitation of** **R&D** **is only possible if**
**all actors have a coherent view of the direction**

**and pace of commercial developments.** **The**
**R&D in the RACE programme has therefore**
**always been scheduled and specified in relation**
**to an indicative implementation plan for**
**Integrated Broadband Communications, which**
**has been regularly updated. It involves a step-**
**wise introduction of advanced services, starting**
**with the ones for which there is business and**

**professional demand as early as 1992/1993. The**
**current indicative implementation schedule, as**
**described in the RACE annual report for 1992**
**(RACE'92)** **involved the following milestones:**

**1992/1993:**

**Early introduction of business and**
**professional applications;**
**Advanced** **Communications**
**Experiments to test new services and**
**network management systems: ATM,**
**MAN, and IBC in Customer Premise**
**networks.**

**Procurement/investment** **decisions for**
**future pan-European** **IBCN** **and full**
**IBC services,**
**Major standards finalisation,**

**1994:**

**Completion of** **inter-connection** **of all**
**capitals of the Community and with**
**neighbouring countries, based on the**
**extension of existing optical trunk**
**networks,** **but** **supporting voice, data**
**and image traffic, either separately or**
**as integrated services.**

**1995:**

**Initial IBC network implementation**
**and completion of customer access for**
**business in centres of economic and**
**manufacturing activity:** **At** **least**
**50,000 corporate users of advanced**
**services.**

**1996:**

**1997:**

**Application field trials to test a full**
**range of** **IBC** **services** **(incl.** **residential**
**customers with 2-way video and digital**
**video services) using commercial IBC**
**equipment,**

**Offer of commercial basic Broadband**
**services, based on 2, 34 and 155**
**MBit/s** **links, including fast inter-LAN**
**data** **transmission,** **desk-top** **video-**
**conferencing,** **video-processing,**
**CAD/CAM and telework applications.**
**Inter-operation** **of fixed Broadband**
**networks with mobile, satellite and**
**other networks.**

**Availability** **of** **IBC** **services** **to**
**business users in towns of more than**
**500,000 inhabitants, and beginning of**
**wide-spread** **"fibre-to-the-home"**
**implementation.**

**2005-2010:**

**50%** **penetration of IBC services.**

**This indicative timetable will again** **be** **reviewed**
**in 1994, in the context** **of'the** **preparation of**
**guidelines for the development of trans-European**
**Broadband Networks, as foreseen in Title XII,**
**Article 129b** **and** **c of the Treaty on European**
**Union.**

**28**

_**7.2 High-speed**_ _**information**_ _**infrastructure**_
_**development in Europe:**_ _**accompanying**_
_**measures**_ _**on**_ _**optical**_ _**network**_

_**interconnection.**_

**In a specific** **action,** **the European Parliament**
**took the initiative in 1992 to provide financial**
**resources to stimulate the interconnection of**

**optical fibre networks through demonstration**
**projects. The objective was to interconnect IBC**
**islands and** **high-performance** **computing centres**
**in different Member States. In implementation**
**of this initiative, four projects were** **supported,**
**each of which has helped to improve conditions**
**for testing and analysing the impact of new**
**services,** **applications** **and end-use systems.**

**The** **ISABEL** **project** **interconnects** **two**
**Broadband islands;** **The** **RIA** **network in**
**Portugal and the** **RECIBA** **network** **in** **Spain. It**
**is the first** **trans-border** **interconnection in the**

**European Union to use two ATM cross-**
**connects.** **The** **interconnection** **trial** **has**

**supported** **co-operative** **working** **and** **distance**
**learning.** **It involved collaboration between** **"**
**Telefonica** **I+D** **in Spain and CET in Portugal.**

**The** **TIRONET** **project** **involves** **the**
**interconnection of a Metropolitan Area Network**
**in Dublin and an SDH ring in Northern** **Ireland,**
**using two 2** **Mbit/s** **links.** **The project was**
**demonstrated** **at** **the** **Communications** **'93**

**exhibition in Dublin in late 1993.** **The first**

**application on this interconnection was of Media**
**Communication Software, operating between the**
**exhibition site and a Nynex office in Antrim**
**(Northern Ireland).** **It involved a multi-way**
**divided conference with simultaneous multi-**

**media collaboration between the sites.**

**29**

**The second application consists of a pilot**
**experiment in remote learning using multi-media**
**databases. The project has been managed by BT**
**Northern** **Ireland,** **in collaboration with the**
**University of Ulster, University College** **Dublin,**
**Nynex Media Communications Ltd, Queens**
**University** **Belfast,** **Telecom Eireann and MARI**

**Northern Ireland.**

**The BETEL project involves interconnection of**
**three sites: CERN in** **Switzerland,** **Sophia**
**Antipolis and Lyons in France. This is the first**
**international network using ATM technology.**
**The BETEL platform interconnects** **FDDI** **rings**
**in a fully meshed network via routers and**
**terminal adapters, 34 Mbps links and one ATM**
**cross-connect.** **Applications** **include** **tele-**
**teaching, a physics analysis workstation and**
**distributed computing.** **The platform was**
**demonstrated at the InterOP** **'93** **conference in**

**October 1993. The work was co-ordinated by**
**France Telecom Expertel and involved** **co-**
**operation with CERN,** **Alcatel** **CIT,** **the Ecole**
**Polytechnique Fédérale in Lausanne, the Institut**
**Êurecorh** **and the Institut National de Physique**
**Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules.**

**Finally, the** **HPC-VISION** **project interconnects**
**two Broadband islands in France and Germany.**
**The applications supported are vision-based** **on-**
**line inspection of manufactured parts and**
**robotics applications.** **The project is** **co-**
**ordinated by the** **University** **Louis Pasteur in**
**Strasbourg, working with** **theFraunhofer** **Institut**
**in Karlsruhe.**

_**7.3 Interactive**_ _**digital**_ _**video**_ _**^services:**_
_**Demonstration**_ _**and**_ _**standardisation**_

_**support**_

**At its meeting on 16th June 1993, the European**
**Council of Ministers adopted a resolution on**
**advanced** **TV** **systems** **and** **invited** **the**
**Commission to present a Communication on**
**digital TV, addressing mechanisms to allow**
**rapid** **agreement** **on** **common** **Community**
**perspectives** **for** **market** **development** **and**
**standardisation,** **and (if necessary) Community**
**financial support in this area.**

**The European Parliament in the end of June**
**1993 approved a budget of 12 MECU for**
**accompanying measures to RDT on digital**
**image** **transmission.** **This** **permitted** **the**
**Commission to launch a call for proposals with**
**the following main objectives:**

**acceleration** **of** **European** **consensus**
**development on technical specifications for**
**digital image transmission and system**
**implementation strategies;**
**demonstration of digital image transmission**

**systems;**
**social and economic implications of the**
**transition to digital image transmission.**

**Retained proposals address all three objectives.**

**1.** **The first priority is the** **Euro-Image** **proposal**
**presented by the European Digital Video**
**Broadcasting (DVB) project which was**
**created on** **Sept.** **10,** **1993** **(by** **117**
**organisations). The purpose of the proposal**
**is to create in Europe a framework for a**
**harmonious and market driven development**
**of digital TV via cable, sateUite and**
**terrestrial** **broadcasting,** **ensuring an adequate**
**amount of interests among broadcasters,**
**operators,** **radio regulatory** **bodies and**
**equipment manufacturers. The pre normative**
**work will** **address** **satellite** **and cable**

**modulation systems, common multiplex for**
**all transport** **media,** **service-identification**
**system based on MPEG-2 and consensus on**
**DVB contributions to standardisation bodies.**

**Due to the favourable conditions of the**

**transmission media the** **pre-normativc** **work**
**related to satellite and cable systems is more**
**advanced than the work on terrestrial (over**
**die** **air) TV. Proposal dTTb (Digital TV for**
**Terrestrial Broadcasting) is the European**
**project competing with the US initiative on**
**terrestrial digital Advanced TV Broadcasting.**

**In Southern Europe terrestrial and sateUite**
**broadcasting is** **conrolemented** **by Single Mast**
**Antenna TV (SMATV) systems that use a**
**common antenna to receive the broadcast**

**signals. This is distributed through cable in a**
**building or group of** **buildings.** **The objective**
**of project DIGISMATV is to develop the**
**interrace from the digital signal received from**
**sateUite or terrestrial and to adapt it for**
**distribution in** **a** **community. '**

**A cheap Video Tape Recorder (VTR) that**
**can be used both at home and in camcorders**

**is necessary for HDTV to become part of**
**affordable consumer electronics. This can**

**only be made available through digital**
**technology as demonstrated by RACE project**
**R1001.** **DART-4** **aims at demonstrating**
**recording of** **MPEG like video services,**
**background storage in future Personal Digital**
**Assistants (PDAs), coupling of recorders to**
**MPEG decoders and to ATM services, and at**
**contributing to standardisation of digital**
**video/data** **in world standardisation bodies.**

**The progress of digital technologies applied**
**to the transmission of** **audio-visual** **services**

**introduces the capability of delivering several**
**hundred channels to the end user through**
**cable or sateUite networks. Project** **AMMIS**
**(Advanced** **man-machine** **interface** **for**
**programme** **selection** **in a digital** **TV**
**multiplex)** **aims** **at** **developing** **and**
**demonstrating** **advanced** **man-machine**
**interfaces suited to programme selection and**
**interactive viewing in the context of a very**
**wide offer of** **TV programmes, and at**
**analysing the impact of advanced man-**
**machine interfaces in the evolution of the**

**digital** **TV** **terminal** **towards** **the**
**"Telecomputer". It wiU also apply the MHEG**
**standard for the programming of multimedia**

**30**

and hypermedia objects in order to progress
towards open multimedia systems.

6. Proposals MEDIATE and DIWIC (Digital
Wireless Cable) merged to form project
DIMMP (Digital Microwave Multi-Point /
Multi-channel Propagation). Whilst dTTb
aims at digital TV transmission in the
VHF/UHF bands where there is spectrum
congestion but better propagation conditions,
project DIMMP aims at the broadcasting of
in excess of 100 channels in 2 GHz of
bandwidth (in the US the FCC allocated the
band 27.5-29.5 GHz). These Microwave
Multi-point Distribution Systems (MMDS)
have less favourable propagation conditions
so they will need more dense transmitting
. antenna coverage. They consist of cellular
based networks offering terrestrial based
propagation of video signals at microwave
frequencies. Due to their very high channel
(hundreds) capacity they are considered
credible chaUengers to dTTb, DBS and
CATV and are known in the US as wireless

cable.

7. ORACLE studies the conditions for the

successful commercial introduction of
image-based services and applications, and
the impact of digital image transmission on
the media industry and other early investors
in the first generation of Integrated
Broadband Communications services and
applications.

8. Digital distributive services such as Pay-perview, Video-on-Demand, Pay-TV and new
multimedia services will rely more and more
on personalised access. It would be
inconvenient for the user to have individual
de-scrambling and conditional access
adapters for each individual programme he
would like to receive. Project ACCOPI
(Access Control and Copyright Protection for
Images) develops a common functional model
and demonstrator for access control that will
permit users to have access to different
programmes with the foUowing capabilities:
reliability of key distribution, copyright
protection efficiency, cost efficiency of the
system including management.

31

**Interconnection via Fiber Optics**
Three projects (IBER, BETEUS, and
INTREPID) are building on the experience
drawn by ISABEL, BETEL, and TTRONET (see
section 7.2). They wiU strengthen the existing
interconnection activities by adding
functionalities and connectivity to their existing
interconnected testbeds. Once these are in place,
the projects will implement the appropriate
applications for multimedia demonstration
purposes, leading to a better understanding on
the issues related to image transmission in
broadband networks.

_**7.4 New service introduction and telework**_
_**development**_

A large number of office and information
management work now involves the use of
personal computers, electronic mail, file transfer
and information access. A rapidly increasing
proportion of these jobs can now be done outside
a traditional centralised office environment,
using telecommunications networks. New forms
of working, including teleworking, are attractive
to large businesses as they seek to reduce fixed
costs by de-centralisation and moving their work
closer to customers, and to small businesses as
the^'form trans-border groupings to compete in
European markets.

The business sectors most involved are those
with a high information content:

In high added-value up-stream activities
such as research, software development,
product design; etc.

In business management activities:
Accounting, financial services, insurance
claims processing, business services and
«iformation management; etc.

In media activities: journalism; publishing;
TV, video services and games development;
advertising and publicity services; etc.

In retail and distribution: Transport fleet
management; stock control; retail and
customer services; commercial sales
support; etc.

**There are 50 million PCs in use in businesses in**

**Europe, half of which have network access**
**capabilities.** **There are already seven million**
**business** **subscribers** **to** **mobile** **telephone**
**systems: one million subscribers to GSM which**
**can support electronic mail and data transfer as**
**weU as voice communications. Estimates of the**

**number of people teleworking for part the time**
**are largely a question of definition.** **The**
**potential is however large. Over 60% of** **the** **US**
**and** **European** **workforce** **is** **involved** **in**
**information management activities in the service**
**sector. Even if only 10% of these made use of**
**new information infrastructures to give them and**
**their employers more**
**flexibility, there could be 10 million occasional,**
**part-time and full-time teleworkers in Europe.**

**At the European Summit in** **Copenhagen,** **the**
**President** **of** **the** **European** **Commission**
**highlighted the importance of rapid development**
**of new** **frameworks** **for** **co-operation** **between**
**businesses in Europe, of the development of**
**performant** **trans-European** **transport** **and**
**telecommunications** **infrastructures,** **and the**
**creation of a common "information space" within**
**which** **de-centralised** **economic activity can**
**develop through interactions between small**
**businesses.** **He stressed the need to create a**

**European network of training facilities for new**
**skills and the need to encourage distance**
**working,** **from the achievements of social policies**
**in the Member States of the Union.**

**In the context of EU actions related to advanced**

**communications developments, on 21st June**
**1993** **the** **Commission** **of** **the** **European**
**Communities** **decided** **on** **a** **new** **set** **of**

**preparatory actions.** **It invited proposals for**
**actions** **to** **stimulate** **experimentation** **and**
**implementation** **of** **transnational** **telework**
**systems in Europe and to assess their social,**
**environmental and economic impacts. Over** **120**
**proposals were received by the Commission**
**services by the deadline of 3rd September** **1993.**
**The** **proposals** **involved** **403** **different**
**organisations from all 12 Member States of the**
**Union,** **plus 4 of the countries of EFTA** **(Austria,**
**Finland,** **Sweden and Norway) and five other**
**countries** **(Bulgaria,** **Canada,** **Morocco, Malaysia**
**and** **the USA).**

**Trje** **strength of the response to the Call for**
**proposals, and the high standing of the**
**organisations** **involved,** **confirms that teleworking**
**is now a major area of interest and commitment.**
**Great strides have been made in the development**
**of the core and supporting technologies, but there**
**is now an urgent need to understand the**
**organisational, social, legal and fiscal changes**
**that may be needed to allow these new forms of**
**working to develop in a coherent way in the**
**Member States of the Union, and to develop**
**across national borders in a second phase of**
**consolidation of the European Economic Area.**

**Teleworking development has emerged as a**
**major theme in the RACE programme. In**
**addition,** **the Member States of the Union agreed**
**to complement this R&D with a wider "concerted**
**action" on** **telework,** **tourism and telematic**
**support for small businesses.** **The European**
**Community** **Telework/Telematics** **Forum**
**(ECTF) has been set up as the framework for**
**this action.** **It provides a framework for**
**exchange of information and experience, and a**
**forum for development of a common vision.**

**During 1992 and 1993, seminars have been**
**organised in North Holland, Galicia and**
**Mallorca (Spain), Wales and Cambridge (UK),**
**Tuscany (Italy), Bonn (Germany),** **Sophia**
**Antipolis (France), Chios (Greece)** **and** **in**
**connection with major international conferences**
**in the UK and Montpellier (France). Over 1000**
**companies have already participated in the**
**information exchange activities: All the major**
**equipment manufacturers are involved, the major**
**European telecommunications network operators**
**are active participants and sponsors of the**
**initiative, and a growing number of companies**
**undergoing restructuring are now looking to**
**telework and flexible working arrangements.**

**The activities of the Forum will be supported in**
**1994 by an Action Plan for stimulation of**
**telework in Europe. The Action Plan will consist**
**of 2 pilot demonstrations of telework in**
**decentralisation** **of** **large** **organisations;** **6**
**demonstrations of trans-European networked**
**telework centres; 5 demonstrations of trans-**
**border small business networking, and one**

**32**

**analysis of telework as a mechanism of urban**
**and inter-urban traffic decongestion.**

**Supporting** **actions will involve analysis of**
**requirements** **for,** **and** **constraints** **to**
**organisational** **restructuring;** **analysis of legal**
**and** **regulatory** **constraints** **to** **transborder**
**telework in the European Economic Area;**
**identification of telework technologies and**
**systems, and codes of practice for management**
**of telework. In** **addition,** **the actions will involve**
**the setting up of a regional** **"help** **desks" for**
**organisations wishing to introduce** **telework,**
**particularly across borders; reinforcement of the**
**EC Telework** **Forum,** **and compilation of**
**information** **on** **European** **trends** **in** **the**
**development of telework.**

**These actions illustrate the range of situations**
**and sectors in which managed telework can**
**contribute to both economic development and a**
**new flexibility in employment. The trials and**
**demonstrations cover a wide range of new**
**employment opportunities; from networks of**
**telework centres for the disabled to the**

**collaboration of highly trained engineers in**
**nuclear power plants. They will demonstrate the**
**opportunities and advantages of** **de-centralisation**
**of employment to less** **favoured** **regions,**
**particularly rural areas, and new opportunities**
**for employment within the European Union in**
**provision of specialised services to developing**
**countries.**

_**7.5. Research co-operation with less favoured**_
_**regions and with central and eastern**_
_**Europe.**_

**At the initiative of the European** **Parliament,** **and**
**following** **the** **re-inforcement** **of** **budget**
**provisions for accompanying measures to the**
**Union's research and development actions in July**
**1993,** **the Commission invited proposals for**
**regional initiatives in the area of advanced**
**communications** **and telematics, to** **enable**
**organisations in less favoured regions of the**
**Union to participate more easily and fully in**
**future EU RTD actions, and to strengthen**
**scientific and research collaboration in central**

**and eastern Europe.** **The seven projects which**
**will start in January** **1994** **cover these areas.**

**The objectives are:**

**to stimulate the establishment of research**
**and supporting** **facilities** **in less favoured**
**regions in order to enable a greater**
**participation of organisations, particularly**
**small businesses, in future EU research and**
**technology development in the areas of**
**advanced communications and telematics,**
**and**

**to establish teleworking facilities and**
**networks in central and eastern Europe in**
**order to strengthen research links with the**
**European Union.**

**These actions are complementary to those**
**carried out under the Action Plan for stimulation**

**of telework in Europe, and will complement the**
**development of research infrastructures in the**
**Union under the STRIDE and TELEMATIQUE**
**programmes, and research** **information** **access**
**and technology transfer actions in the VALUE**
**and SPRINT programmes.**

_**7.5.1**_ _**Establishment**_ _**of**_ _**advanced**_
_**communications**_ _**and**_ _**telematics**_

_**research and supporting facilities in**_
_**less favoured regions of the European**_
_**Union**_

**The objective is to stimulate the establishment of**
**research and supporting** **facilities** **in less**
**favoured regions in order to enable a greater**
**participation of organisations, particularly small**
**businesses, in future EU research and technology**
**development** **in** **the** **areas** **of** **advanced**
**communications and telematics.**

**The projects cover contributions to:**

**the establishment of research facilities in**
**less favoured regions of general interest to**
**organisations throughout the Union and**
**supporting facilities in less favoured regions**
**that can be of general value to EU R&D;**

**the** **development** **of** **advanced**
**communications services both to facilitate**
**access to information and** **co-operative**
**working with partners in the development**

**33**

and execution of R&D projects, **and** as a
research tool for experimentation with new
uses of advanced communications and
telematic systems;

the development of a network of
organisations which can work together in
the stimulation of interest in EU R&D, in
stimulation of working contacts between
scientists, researchers and industry
(particularly SMEs) throughout Europe,
and in research exploitation by SMEs.

The BINET project (G1001) wiU plan, develop,
install, configure and operate an Advanced
Broadband Interconnection Network, based on
ATM technology, linking four
telecommunications research and development
centres in Spain and Portugal and a high-tech
Industrial Park in Portugal. This will build on
the BETEL project and extend the TransEuropean ATM trial into Spain and Portugal,
stimulate usage on this trial network, and allow
the interconnection to other research networks
and R&D laboratories in other European
countries.

The SUNRISE project will plan, develop, install,
configure and operate a VSAT-based system for
research collaboration between small and

medium-sized businesses and universities in the
less favoured regions of Greece, Italy, Portugal
and Ireland. It will be based on the systems
developed for distance learning in the JANUS
projects (DELTA) and wiU involve the
identification of businesses and universities with
complementary research interests in the less
favoured regions using a geographical
information system on the socio-economic
characteristics of less favoured regions.

The EPRI-NET project wiU establish research
and supporting facilities in the less favoured
regions in Spain and east Germany in order to
enable a greater participation of organisations,
particularly small businesses, in future EU
research and technology development in the areas
of advanced communications and telematics. A
VSAT network will be established in Spain and
east Germany, connecting some 100 central
contact points, open to all less favoured regions

of the European Union. It will also be extendible
to Central and Eastern Europe.

The INTELLEC project will facilitate and
stimulate the research co-operation between
SMEs and universities in both the Irish Republic
and the UK province of Northern Ireland, with
organisations in other regions of the European
Union. It will involve a significant improvement
to the international inter-operation of systems for
research information exchange to and from
Ireland and the identifications of complementary

research interests of a wide range of
organisations. The project will provide logistical
and co-ordination support to four "common
interest groups" in the areas of R&D in IT,
telecommunications and telematics; in publishing
applications; in related software development,
and in education and training applications and
initiatives.

The WISE project will build on the very
extensive INTERNET systems of inter-operating
research information networks, to which over
200,000 European research organisations are
already connected, to facilitate access to
information in a simple and consistent way by
organisations throughout Europe, including
SMEs in less favoured regions. The project will
complement the actions of the SUNRISE, EPRINET and INTELLEC projects, as well as the
new actions in central and eastern Europe.
Special actions will be taken in Germany and
Portugal to ensure that there are appropriate
access facilities to world-wide information

systems.

_**7.5.2**_ _**Science and technology teleworking**_
_**and information relay networks in**_
_**central and eastern Europe**_

At the initiative of the European Parliament, the
European Union is implementing a number of
actions to strengthen scientific and technical
links between the European Union and
researchers in central and eastern Europe.
During 1992, a first series of actions involving
support for a mobility scheme, for conferences,

**34**

**workshops and seminars, and for joint research**
**projects was launched.**

**Access to information and the ability to**
**collaborate across national boundaries with**

**colleagues with similar scientific and technical**
**interests is the lifeblood of research.** **At the**

**initiative of the European Parliament, additional**
**resources have been made available in 1993 to**

**re-inforce and further stimulate working contacts**
**between scientists and researchers throughout**
**Europe.**

**These additional actions are is intended to be of**

**practical and immediate benefit to as large a**
**number of scientists and researchers as possible,**
**within** **the** **framework** **of** **a** **coherent**

**implementation** **of** **scientific** **teleworking**
**networks and research information relay centres.**
**The actions complement the development of**
**research** **irifrastructures** **in central and eastern**

**Europe** **under** **the** **PHARE** **and** **TACIS**
**programmes, and research information access**
**and technology transfer actions in the IMPACT,**
**VALUE and SPRINT programmes.**

**The objective is to establish teleworking**
**facilities, research information networks and**
**relay centres in central and eastern Europe in**
**order to strengthen research links with the**
**European** **Union,** **particularly** **through**
**development** **and** **use** **of** **advanced**
**communications, telematics and information**
**services, allowing scientists and researchers to**
**collaborate** **freely** **with their colleagues in the**
**Union.**

**The** **TELESERVE** **project** **(C1002),** **in**
**partnership with National Authorities, will**
**identify scientists and researchers in a target list**
**of 15 countries. It wiU procure and deliver PCs**
**and modems and ensure that the identified**

**scientists can connect to international services.**

**Existing networks and local services will be used**
**wherever possible.**

**The project will provide an easily used English**
**language interface, initial training and on-going**
**support. It is expected that of** **the** **order of 2000**
**end users in central and eastern Europe will be**
**linked** **to** **European** **telematics** **networks**
**supporting teleworking and research information**
**exchange by** **1995.**

**The ESATT project (C1001) will take a longer**
**term approach.** **It will involve a review of**
**currently available information sources, an**
**assessment of the needs of scientists and**

**researchers in eastern Europe, and draw up a**
**functional and management profile for science**
**and technology relay centres. The project will**
**organise a major regional conference on telework**
**and information services in late** **1994.**

**35**

**8. Future requirements and options for R&D** **on** **communications technologies at**
**European level.**

**In June 1992, the RACE Management**
**Committee set up an ad-hoc group to**
**identify priorities for future European**
**R&D in the area of telecommunications.**

**The report of** **the** **group is was reproduced**
**in the Final report of Phase I of the RACE**
**programme (Ref. Final report on Phase I of**
**RACE (1988-1992)** **COM(93)118;** **March**
**1993).**

**Many of these ideas and themes for future**
**EU** **R&D** **were** **reflected** **in** **the**

**Commission's Working Document of the**
**4th Framework Programme, notably in the**
**proposed themes of "Image technologies",**
**"high-performance** **computing** **and**
**networks",** **"functional** **integration** **in**
**manufacturing"** **and** **"Advanced**

**Communications".**

**In preparation for the follow-up of RACE,**
**sector actors were invited to contribute**

**views on the requirements and options in**
**Advanced Communications Technologies**
**and Services (ACTS) during the latter part**
**of 1993. From these contributions, a first**
**draft** **document** **-** **Requirements** **and**
**Options in ACTS - was prepared and**
**distributed for comment. In October and**

**November, a series of workshops was held**
**to** **refine** **and develop the ideas offered.**

**A total of 407 participations from 17**
**countries were made to the eight workshops**
**which covered:**

**Multimedia image communication and**
**digital TV;**
**Technologies for photonic networks;**
**High speed networks;**
**Mobility and personal**
**communications;**
**Intelligence in networks and service**
**engineering;**
**Quality of service, security and safety**
**in communications networks and**

**services;**
**Service usage trials;**
**Horizontal actions in support of the**

**above.**

**The results from the workshops were**
**consolidated into a second draft document,**
**distributed to the workshop participants,**
**which is currently under review following**
**comments received.** **This material will**

**form the basis for the development of a**
**workplan** **for** **the** **proposed** **ACTS**
**Programme.**

**36**

RACE II Mid Term Review r:\race\rnidterm\draft2.D0C

Status : 08/02/1994

**Annex I**

**PROJECT CONTRIBUTIONS TO RACE OBJECTIVES**

Area 1: IBC (Integrated Broadband Communications) R&D

Project Main Deliverable^) Impact

R2001 WTDM A pilot broadband customer premises Pilot implementation of IBC which confirms the advantages
network (CPN) using wavelength and time of optica] technology. More widespread introduction of IBC
multiplexing techniques (WTDM) eased by the development of optical components supporting
installed in a broadcasting production high density WDM (2nm) and high bitrate TDM.
centre (NRK), and used to support TV
productions operations.

R2005 MODAL Optically supported micro-wave and Exploits the synergy from intercomectiôn of optical fibre
millimetre wave antennae systems for network to mobile/wireless systems in a cost-effective
broadband/personal communication. Two manner
demonstrators will be built operating at 30
GHz & 60 GHz respectively.

R2006 WELCOME Highly advanced, fully packaged and Provides high performance components necessary for
system tested quantum well (QW)-based enhancing IBC, to be used in the next generation of (higher
components, discrete and monolithically speed) trans-European fibre networks
integrated. Includes ISSOnm transmitters
and 980nm pump lasers for high speed*
systems operating at and beyond lOGbit/s.

R2010 POPCORN Low cost, high performance polymeric Substantial cost reduction of passive optical components,
passive components for single mode essential for cost-effective fibre customer access connections
optical networks, including fully packaged
power splitters, star couplers, wavelength
multiplexers, and hybrid InP devices.

R2011 TRAVEL Technology to upgrade existing fibre Enables the speed and capacity of existing fibre links to be
networks to 10Gbit/s or 20Gbit/s increased, while ensuring compatibility with next-generation
networks

R2012 HIPOS 40Gbit/s Optical Time Division Multiplex Ultra-high capacity networks can be realised by Optical
(OTDM) transmission system, using ultra- Time Division Multiplexing
fast (2ps) polymer-based all-optical
switches.

R2013 EDIOLL A wholly new class of optically pumped, Such devices have a wide range of key applications in future
integrated lasers in LiNbOj material, optical networks, including high-speed and analogue
including tuneable and mode-locked systems,
lasers. Monolithic integration of lasers
and modulators.

R2014 FIRST A FTTH trial in Aveiro using passive Promotes understanding of how to introduce fibres into the
optical access network. Supply of optical local loop cost effectively, and a common European
amplifiers, optical transmitters and approach to standardisation of fibre local access,
receivers, and utilisation of sub carrier
multiplexing for telephony. Trial includes
network management Demonstration of
analogue and digital TV distribution. A
study and a tool for life cycle prediction.

R201S ARTEMIS Optical fibre sub-systems for use in the Provides essential technology for future generations of
generation of ultra-short pulses, optical networks, operating at speeds of 40Gbit/s and
amplification, switching and transmission. beyond.

R2016 Evaluation of string mode algorithm. Will drastically improve the throughput of broadband
STRATOSPHERIC implementation specifications for a high networks while gaining from statistical multiplexing. These
speed switch and string mode. specifications support the implementation by R2023
(UNOM) of two ATM broadband demonstrators operating at
up to 2.3 GBit/s.

_**^K**_

R2018GAIN Realisation of optical fluoride fibre F ^ n r f f the perfbnnanoe and capabilities of the optical
amplifiers for all three opticd transmission networks. Improves the quality of service and reduces costs,
windows 800nm, 1300nm and lSOOnm.
An analysis of the impact of these
components on network design.

R2024BAF Techno-economic evaluation of four Important contribution to reduction of infiaatnichire coats in
broadband FTTH access systems, the Access Network. Part of a major effort to refine costTechnical imputations of choice of access effective introductkn scenario*,
system, including fibre management at the
exchange, and ease of supporting various
services.

R2028MWTN A demonstrator of an all-optical transport This system changes the topology and increases the capacity
layer. Comprising a multi-wavelength of optical networks and enables advanced network
transport network based on a combination management techniques, The advanced components will be
of optical amplifiers, optical switches, exploited in new products to advance the introduction of
tuneable optical filters and lasers. IBC.

R2038 FLUOR Pr-doped optical amplifiers at 1300nm The availability of optical amplifiers at 1300nm enables
wavelength, based on novel halide glasses. existing fibre networks to be upgraded, with increased
capacity.

R2039ATMOS A demonstration of new concepts for Provides viable solutions for the introduction of optical
achieving high speed (>2.5Gbh/s) and switching. Impacts the cost and performance of ATM-based
high capacity switching systems (Tbit/s) networks supporting IBC.
for ATM based optical networks.

R2048HTBITS New electro-optical interconnection Reduces the costs of interconnection and of broadband
technology that solves intercom problems switching equipment
inside a broadband switch. A feasibility
study of 2.4 Gbit/s self routing ATM
switches.

R2062 COMFORT Erbium-doped fibre amplifier (EDFA) A range of commercially sound components, for the
technology and component packaging. A implementation of cost effective fibre-to-the-home networks,
totally integrated broadband network to be Some of these components are already being exploited
built as a demonstrator. commercially.

R2065 COBRA Three demonstrations of coherent muhi- Coherent wavelength multiplexing increases the capacity of
channel systems (CMC): optical networks, giving inherent advantages in transmission
Videoconferencing at 140Mbit/s; Flexible transparency and flexibility. Demonstrators increase
business connections at 155MbhVs; awareness of performance capabilities.
Transmission and routing of digital
HDTV.

R2068 LACE The development and implementation of a Demonstrates mat ATM technology being introduced within
broadband Customer Premises Network, the public B-ISDN is able to support connectionless services
(CPN) including ATM switching and between LANs in customer premises, as previously achieved
Gigabit LAN elements. Demonstration of e.g. via leased lines,
a practical application in co-operation with
actual users.

R2069 UFOS Tuneable semiconductor lasers operating Reduction of cost of lasers through increased production
at a higher speed and at higher yield. Reduced cost of systems through a higher
temperatures. A low cost single frequency environmental tolerance and higher output power. These
laser. DFB Lasers with 3nm turning range lasers are designed particularly for exploitation in coherent
and DBR lasers with over 30 nm tuning and WDM systems,
range. CAD package for design of lasers.
Development of low cost packaging
techniques.

R2070 MUNDI Design and construction of two Major impact on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)
demonstrators: one based on a moderate technology, providing key components and demonstrating
density WDM for distributive systems cost savings and performance benefits for both distributive
(digital multi-channel TV) and another and interactive service provision,
based on higher density WDM for
interactive service provision.

**Vî**

R2073 OMAN A common 'core' Opto-Electronic Coat-reduction of tokcoms equipment and systems by using
Integrated Circuit (OEIC) chip OEICs in volume manufacture,
manufacturing and packaging technology
for future use in European foundries.
Production of several prototype OEICs

R2088 TOPIC A verification technology for IBC, Validates standards related to QoS and network performance,
including a methodology and a tool set for Major contribution to standards on FDTs(e.g. SDL, LOTOS
Quality of Service (QoSX validated extensions with features for handling timing and performance
through a demonstrator using real IBC properties). Fnhnr"— capabilities to test broadband
environment components which have to operate and interwork to achieve
a given QoS delivered to users.

R2096 BUM Implementable specification of the User Enables service and terminal providers to test and
Network Interface (UNI/Tg interface) demonstrate their experimental equipment m ^
taking into account emerging concepts, network environment Increased leadership of partners in
Experimental broadband switched network related topics (SDH, SDH/ATM relationship) and strongly
incorporating results from several RACE influences the development of products and standards
I projects on which the UNI interface can activities. Impact on the development of components and
be validated products. Creates synergy between activities of several
projects and provides a testbed for RACE activities.

R2097ATD Studies on ATM specific issues: traffic, Availability of a testbed for RACE II activities. Development
signalling, network management, of ATM technology and increased awareness of the
evolution and network introduction implications of the adoption of pure ATM principles,
planning. Development of components and Availability of ATM components and products paving the
integration of a technology testbed way towards commercialisation. Strong impact on standards
incorporating a representative of all the bodies activities (ETSI, ITU-TS).
main network elements, both from CPN
and public networks (terminal adapters,
residential and business NT2, NT1, local
and transit exchanges, remote units).

R2103 CAPS Low cost components for fibre customer Substantial cost reduction in optical network transceivers,
access systems, based on Active Silicon leading to commercial implementation of fibre access for the
integrated Optical Circuit (ASOC) residential sector,
manufacturing technology.

R2109 LIASON 1 x N lossless optical splitter implemented Cost effective implementation of the customer access
as an active integrated planar waveguide connection by fibre networks,
device operating at 1550nm wavelength.

R2121 BISIA An ATM based access network for new Reduced cost and timescales for introduction of broadband

interactive services to private homes, using interactive services in the residential sector,
existing infrastructures where appropriate.

Project Main Deliverable^) Impact

R2002 GEMA Evaluation and enhancement of Generic Improvement of the technology and robustness of
Maintenance tools and technology by maintenance tools intended to maintain large heterogeneous
implementation of demonstrators in two communications networks.

R2003 MOBILISE The concept, services and architecture for Personal communications will provide all users with
a Personal Services Communications transparent accesa to a personalised profile of services on an
Space (PSCS). Demonstration of the international scale,
preliminary application of a PSCS Mail
Service.

R2004 PREPARE A communications management Expedites the introduction of inter-operable management
demonstrator specifically tailored to products in the market Explores new technologies to manage
validate end-to-end inter-domain end-to-end connectivity in an heterogeneous environment
management issues (e.g. interfaces, Impacts on standardisation (x interface and VPNs) and on the
protocols, managed objects, relationship work of EURESCOM.
between service and network

management). The testbed includes ATM
nodes, DQDB ATM nodes, ATM
switching capabilities and a number of
token rings.

R2021 DESSERT Application of Intelligent Decision Gives service providers the ability to take "informed
Support Systems (DSS) for Service decisions" regarding service provision. Advances the
Management Provision of an application of AIP to telecommunications,
architecture, AIP technologies,
recommendations and a tool kit

environment

R2041 PRISM Definition of reference configurations for Strong impact on the design of future service management
the management of IBC services, the systems. Major contributions to Common Functional
associated resources and the external Specifications and to standards bodies. Strong potential
access to those management services. The impact in international initiatives, e.g. Eurescom.
generic results (e.g. on customer access to
management facilities, security in service
management) are applied to VPN and
UPT. Development of ISM Stax database
and a PRISM animation package.

R2059ICM Definition of a TMN architecture and Furthers the design, production and validation of TMN and
functions to be implemented in 4 different IBC network components. Provides management
BB networks in order to demonstrate components to operational TMN systems being upgraded to
components integration, to verify IBC.
performance and to evaluate results. Also
development and use of a network
simulator.

R2104 PERCOM Specify, design and implement a Personal PERCOM bridges the gap between conceptual work carried
Communications Space (PCS) Service out in R2003 and the practical realisation of PCS.
Node.

#### **0**

**Area** **3:** **Mobile and Personal Communications**

Project Main Deliverable^) Impact

R2007 PLATON Algorithms for the planning of third Contribution to the software toob available for planning
generation mobile systems third generation mobite oomnainioation systems
——»———— ——— ——«^————»^^—<— ——^—.^—___———,

R2020 CODIT Definition of radio protocol requirements Impact on the specifications for spread-spectrum based,
and architecture. Functional specification multiple access schemes applicable to 3rd generation mobile
of a test bed. Implementation of a radio conxnunkatkn systems, in particular through the
channel simulator. Channel measurements development of a real time testbed.
to produce a preliminary propagation
model

R2066 MONET Definition of UMTS requirements and Contributes to the specification of third generation mobile
constraints. UMTS network scenarios and communication systems, in particular through the
key functions. UMTS services aefinhion. aevelo|«»c«ofsimilatkntools.
Specifications of the simulation tools.
Draft requirements for UPT and UMTS on
IN concepts. Allocation of security
services and service levels.

R2067MBS Demonstrator specifications, system Contributes to the specification of future broadband mobile
architecture and functionality. Definition communication systems in the 60 GHz frequency band, in
ofthe radio sub-system requirements. particular through the development of a laboratory testbed.

R2084 ATDMA Advanced Time Division Multiple Access Contributes to the standardisation of ATDMA schemes
(ATDMA) system definition and applicable to 3rd generation mobile communication systems,
specification of a real time testbed. in particular through the development of a real time testbed.
Construction of channel models from

actual propagation measurements.
Identification of key fixed network issues
related to mobile access. Contributions

towards the definition of common test

scenarios.

R2108 TSUNAMI Technological development and field trials Contributions to standards bodies based on the impact of
in adaptive antennas for mobile adaptive antenna technologies to the UMTS,
applications. Optimum component
architectures and designs, antenna array
design and associated control algorithms.
Examines the interaction between adaptive
antenna technologies and the multiple
access schemes (CDMA and TDMA).

R2117 SAINT Operational and functional requirements Contributes to standardisation in ETSI SMGS, in a number
for UMTS satellite integration, of aspects concerning the integration of the satellite
Development of UMTS-SatellHe component into the UMTS,
component integration scenario.
Interworking of the satellite component
with other networks.

R2123 GIRAFE Low voltage, low power and high- Reduced battery consumption, yielding savings in weight,
integration components for use in mobile volume and cost of mobile terminals
terminals

**/** **1**

Area 4: Image and Data Communications

R2026DART Technology demonstrator and standards Will enable all HDTV and IBC services in consumer
for digital video tape recorder for markets,
consumers, using MPEG2 + ATM
formatted services.

R2045DISTIMA Demonstrator of complete digital Improved TV applications in industry (MPEG2).
stereoscopic TV system: camera, ATM
transmission, and display.

R2052MONALISA Electronic set dentonstrator (ELSET) Reduction of TV program production costs through the realintegrating technologies required for the tone mixing of real and synthetic images and advances in
construction, handling and fast synthesis of generic analysis-synthesis image systems.
3D models for creating image sequences.

R20S3 MORPHECO Software demonstrator of a second- Contribution to emerging standards for second-generation
generation object-based coding and very-low nitrate coding such as MPEG4.
decoding scheme for still and moving
images.

R205S TRANSIT Hardware demonstrators of high-quality Provides solutions to bridge the gap between different image
image format conversion systems, oriented formats, facilitating the convergence of video and computer
towards future consumer markets. technologies

R2056 AMICS Data structures for an open architecture The harmonisation of image formats enabling better image
for multimedia image communications • a exchange,
demonstrator of an image interchange
gateway.

R2064 FLASH-TV Innovative modulation and coding Speeds-up the development of HDTV in Europe by
schemes with improved availability of demonstrating the feasibility of contribution links for highservice and high picture quality, for quality television,
satellite contribution links interworking
with ATM.

R2072 MAVT New Coding Algorithms for UMTS and Leading the fields of very low bitrate audio and video
DECT, optimising low bitrate coding in coding, and mobile transmission of audio-visual services,
terms of video and audio coding delay. Supports the introduction of new applications into the
Some based on current standards (H.261, existing DECT and GSM networks. Key player in the
MPEG, JPEG) and others based on development of a joint European proposal for the MPEG 4
developing standards. Definitions of audio coding standard,
and video services suitable for mobile use,
and input video formats for those services.

R2075 HD-SAT Implementation of the final demonstrator Demonstration of a cost effective system delivering studio
for wide RF band high definition digital quality images to the home. Proposals for W-HDTV
TV (W-HDTV) via satellite cable and standards.
ATM.

R2082 DTTB Standards proposals for a European digital Speeds-up the transition to a more efficient terrestrial TV
terrestrial TV transmission system                - A transmission system,
demonstrator of such a system,
interworking with cable and ATM.

R2105 DIAMOND Demonstration of Video on Demand Speeds-up the introduction of multimedia retrieval services
service chains on ADSL and CaTV with a like Video on Demand,
low cost delivery platform, video on
demand server and application
management system.

R2110 HAMLET Hardware demonstrator of an MPEG2 Enables other projects to demonstrate MPEG2-based realscaleable TV/HDTV encoder (high 1440, time digital TV/HDTV broadcasting, paving the way to the
spatial and SNR scaleability). introduction of digital TV services.

R2111 MOSAIC Reliable methods for the subjective Improves the assessment of audio visual communication
assessment of image quality and systems,
degradation.

**/** **1**

**R2122 COUGAR** **Demonstrator of flexible codec hardware**

**miplementing** **the MPEG-2 video coding**
**standard at SNR Profile and Main level**

**VHDL** **models** **of** **video** **codec**

**architectural** **blocks,** **design** **and**
**fabrication of specific VLSI devices and**
**investigation of source** **pre-conditioning,**
**especially for images derived from** **film.**

**Rapid** **pull-through** **into European** **chip-sets,** **equipment and**
**systems - of the large body of knowledge and experience**
**gained by European researchers in the development of the**
**MPEG video coding** **standards.**

Area 5; Service Engineering ^

Project Main Deliverable^) Impact

R2009rPSNin Specification of a terminal emulator. A Increases the range of people actively seeking to take up
n^-fr«ii«m to support effective design of usage of IBC services.
user-to-service interfaces.

R2017 SCORE The development and evaluation of Such methods and tools for creating a wide range of services
methods and tools for service creation. mat can be implemented seamlessly, over the heterogeneous
networks of Europe.

R2049 CASSIOPEIA Open Service Architectural framework Paves the way to the adoption of international standards in
(OSA) supporting a service engineering the area of OSA. Provides a diversity of telecom actors with
environment able to promote the quick the means for cost effective provision and management of
introduction of new and enhanced services, advanced broadband services,
and their management

R2076 BOOST An object oriented service creation Such tools shorten the time required to bring proven services
environment, based on adaptation of to the market and will significantly contribute to the uptake
existing software engineering tools. of "service engineering" by the service industry.

R2089 ASCOT Defines a usage framework model and a Results of considerable significance to service providers
usage reference model for service having to cope with the requirements for configurability,
configuration.

R2092 LUSI Guidelines for broadband user-service Better service penetration and take up of such services,
interfaces. Creates design targets for user- within what will become a competitive market
service interfaces for use by the general
public.

R2094 MITS User service interface models and Practical support for designers of Computer Supported Cometaphors specification for those operative Working (CSCW) and multimedia services during
interfaces. the design of user-service interfaces.

R2114 DRAGON Practical demonstration of the feasibility Practical validation of ISE concepts. Transfer of technology,
of applying RACE concepts for the and generation of interest for commercial exploitation,
provision of Services on top of real
broadband networks.

R2124 EURSAF Definition of an extended ISE architectural Stimulate adoption of ISE principles by both TOs and SPs.
framework and of a migration path from Influence standards and other world-wide initiatives,
current state-of-the-art practice towards
advanced architectures. Liaison with

standards and other world-wide initiatives.

**US**

**Area** **6;** **Information Security**

Project Main Deliverable^) Impact

R20S0 Me&odology framework. Increased awareness of the comptoxiry of supplying security
PALINDROME m multi-domain, mnlri servir» environments.

R2051 SESAME Working set of components and protocols Ealanaian of scope of secure distributed amplications and
forming me architectural framework. operations, based on a set of protocols, services, and assured
lists slsmsnti; hacked up by astahushnia* of international
said industry standards.

R2057 SECURENET Architectural design and functional Shows the fcasmflily of applying novel techniques for
specifications for active protection system. stftwork protection.

R2058 SAMSON Prototypes of management services Provides a fhsnework for the mssiagejncit of security in
integrated mto a security management iisiwarked environments»
system.

R2113 Prototype system for real-time, active Shows the commercial feasibility of protecting networks m
SECURENET H network protection against malicious an sutnmated fsshion
software.

_**i,i**_

**10**

Area 7; Advanced Communication Experiments

R2008 EUROBRIDGE Implementation of several service Availability of EuroBridge services in several IBC Islands in
prototypes, integrated on one service Europe, demonstrably able to support a range of applications
platform. These include: multimedia mail, and to inter-work trans-national ry on existing networks,
video conference, distributed co-operative
work, remote multimedia database access
and security services. These services
support in a flexible manner, several IBC
application trials.

R2019 AGORA Determines the future evaluation needs of Provided rural applications projects in RACE with a direct
rural applications, and brings together key links to related policy initiatives and work in other RTD
actors in the rural broadband sector. programmes.

R2022 BARBARA Feasibility studies and functional Raised awareness of the potential of advanced
specifications for rural telesbopping and communications for rural communities,
tele-twinning of schools. Assessment of
usage requirements..

R2025 MIMIS A multimedia demonstrator providing Contributions to standards in the domain of conferencing,
conference and co-operative work facilities Promotion of market awareness for multimedia conferencing
based on ATM networking. systems based on future ATM network technologies.

R2027BANK Definition and implementation of pilot Validation of application concept' to use multimedia
systems providing multimedia services and broadband services to support common financial functions
common financial functions to the banking within the banking environment

sector.

R2029 ESSAI A telesbopping system to be installed at Pioneers public-site telesbopping services,
public trial sites in Milan and Basle,
selling real goods to real customers for real

money.

R2030 APTITUDE Implements a teleworking system for Increases awareness of the opportunities presented by new
decentralised regions. teleworking applications.

R2031 PAGEIN Trials super-computing in a heterogeneous Stimulating the adoption of high performance networking in
terminal and network environment, the aerospace sector,
demonstrating remote collaborative
design.

R2033 Definition of a set of requirements for end- Reduction of social service costs. Identification of the needs
TELECOMMUNITY user groups, addressing issues of for video-telephony m this sector,
older/disabled people.

R2034 EDID Demonstration of collaborative design in Commercial products, enhancing the competitiveness of the
the aerospace industry, based on ATM European aerospace industry,
technology and a high speed LAN.

R2035 TIBAS Definition of a series of services for the Creates awareness of the possibilities to reduce productionautomotive and automotive supply cycle times through use of advanced communications,
industries.

R2036 TRAPPIST Definition of standards and working Stimulating demand for high capacity services: NDT
procedures for distributed, non-destructive methods will be one of the most 'bandwidth-hungry'
testing (NTD) methods. Definition and industrial applications,
implementation of field trials for
validation.

R2037 DIDOS Trials a distributed service centre concept Provides a sound understanding of common requirements
in publishing and communications, and identifies integration synergies lor applications in this
specifically in technical documentation for sector,
manufacturing industry.

R2040MOEBIUS A mobile (containerised) multimedia test Demonstrates the benefits of advanced communications in
and application platform, having access marine and remote terrestrial applications,
through the INMARSAT satellite network
to the ISDN.

**47**

**11**

R2042 Trials of an open publishing architecture, Leads to a flexible, dvtributed but integrated pubushing
EUROPUBLISHING including distributed document system avauabte throughout Europe.
management, access to image archives, onhne delivery of multimedia publications,
and the tracking of editorial and
production processes.

R2043RAMA A pioneering multimedia information Enhances public accessibility of cultural - treasures' protected
service for major European museums by lwiaonma Supports naihhnedia tele-working and teleAllows remote access to museum archives learning applications.,
for researchers, publishers, students etc.
throughout Europe.

R2046ARAMIS Trials an aircraft maintenance information Seeks to inyrove the management of aircraft maintenance at
system through a real-time distributed remote sites. Demonstrates the efficiency of reducing
application. Uses digitised aircraft decision time and out-service costs,
maintenance information in a multimedia

environment Study on the organisational
impact of such capabilities. '

R2047VERA Four application experiments exploiting Expands the electronic support available to rural enterprises,
distributed multimedia systems in the nuking them more effective in their own markets of e.g.
agriculture sector. cattle breeding, dairy production and animal/crop disease
control

R2054 VTRMAS Develops and tests broadband monitoring Introduces new concepts in visual verification to the security
and surveillance equipment industry.

R2063 D1TTTO Definition and implementation of field Contributes to the evolving structure and functioning of the
trials for distributed multimedia case- future office environment

handling systems in the insurance sector.

R2071 CHARISMA Implements a distributed generic case Validates and promotes applications requiring advanced
handling system based on an ATM communications technologies in the area of case handling,
network.

R2077 Specification of a teleshopping application Will be developed as a commercial system, addressing the
TELEMARKETPLACE exploiting existing phone and CATV tele-shopping mass-market
networks, using advanced speech
recognition equipment

R2078TIM Investigates the use of a Europe-wide Creates new commercial opportunities by enabling direct
network of multimedia information control of tourism product development and marketing
services to support the marketing of travel amongst point-of-offer and point-of-sale organisations
and tourism products. distributed across Europe.

R2079NETMART Implementation of a multimedia Widens availability of market information for this sector,
conference service for markets in the Creates a virtual marketplace.
European pig-meat sector.

R2080BRICC Mobile multimedia workstations, remote Improves the economic efficiency of the construction
video monitoring of site progress and industry by offering shared real-time access to information
shared interactive databases are tested in for all relevant professionals,
real working conditions.

R2098 SOCRATES Bring together the key actors concerned Improved the quality, relevance and co-ordination of
with identifying the major factors for subsequent research projects undertaking application
successful implementation of advance expérimente m rural areas,
communications experiments in rural

areas.

R2102 AREA Provides an integrated multimedia service Improves support services made available to farmers in this
supporting Mediterranean rural area,
communities in identifying plant
pathologies.

R2106 LAMBDA Offers inhabitants of remote rural areas a Practical demonstration of the potential value of broadband
range of multimedia counter services based services to rural areas,
supporting administration and professional
advisory services.

_**Hi**_

**12**

R2107 ACLARA Trials a multimedia communications Shows where advanced communications systems can offer
system for local authorities in rural areas. efficiencies and other benefits in the administration of rural
communities.

R2112 SMAC Develops mufti media tools for Computer Reduction of the Tune-to-Market" for new automotive
Supported Co-operative Working (CSCW) products through a significant streamlining of the
between automotive component suppliers procurement process,
and manufactures.

R2119 BRTTEUR Will trial the interworking of ATM and Provides a means of bringing advanced telecommunications
CATV services in a rural area. services to rural areas.

###### **M**

**13**

- I - i i i i ^ ^ — - « ^ — — — —

R2023UNOM Three broadband applications will running Much improved understanding of issues related to user
on the UNOM testbed in a realistic perception of broadband <naiwurations. This broadband
environment Testbed further used for the island will later partie ipasn watùn a Pan-European
testing of interconnection performance broadband infrastructure.

R2032 COMBINE Performance analysis of heterogeneous Opthnises interworking between durèrent broadband
networks and protocol optimisation for networks, increasing integration of suppcrted services,
interworking.

R2044 MAGIC Signalling network architecture and call Promotion of integrated concepts and solutions related to
control protocola. broadband ISDN signalling for ssilti-service applicatioaa.
Major source of contributions to Common Functional

R2060CIO Prototypes nailtimfidia tekservices Eases the interrraavrtion of such broadband islands to offer
(multimedia mail and joint viewing and pan-European aervicea. AcoekxatcsthedeptoymentoflBC.
tele-operationX to be implemented in
several broadband islands. Examination

of interworking and common transport
protocol issues.

R2061 EXPLOIT Develops and builds interworking units Interworking units will permit the integration of future
between ATM, PDH transmission systems broadband networks (based oh ATM) with existing
(2MBh7s and 140MBit/s) and existing transmission systems and services, allowing rapid evolution
networks and services like N-ISDN and to IBC.

Frame Relay.

R2074 CATALYST Implementation and test of a first Demonstrates the utility of sateUite technology to support
demonstrator, providing an ATM satellite initial IBC applications, in particular in peripheral and rural
link. Design and development of systems areas lacking terrestrial broadband mftastnichire.
and equipment to be used m more
advanced demonstrators.

R2081 TRIBUNE A broadband User-Network Interface Facilitates the widespread introduction of broadband
(UNI) testbed for third parties, centred networks in Europe by giving external users access to the
around an ATM switch. testbed, linking this to other broadband islands, providing
feedback to standards bodies on B-UNI standards, and
improving the testbed users ability to validate their own
implementations.

R2101 IMMUNE Distributed restoration systems for ATM. Will establish coherent survrvabuity strategies for public and
Design and planning of fault-tolerant private IBC networks, and reconanendations for optimised
networks. Will establish coherent ATM switch control architectures,
survivability strategies for public and
private IBC network

R2115 BIPERNET Integration, installation and verification of Will yield cenmerciauy viable sub-systems for high
a high-performance gigabit ATM performance nailtimfidia networks, suiting a wide range of
multimedia network, to support distributed applications and scales,
language training in an application trial.

R2116TOMQAT Definition, implementation and testing of a Provides Network Operators and MahufiKturers with
total quality management system. methodologies for performance monitoring, quality of service
management and quality of service assessment

R2118 BRAVE Interconnection of two ATM platforms Increases understanding of ATM traffic behaviour and ATM
and exploitation of experiments with real multiplexing issues,
traffic sources to validate network-tonetwork operability and private domain
management functions. Recommends
solutions for ATM traffic control and

resource management

**^**

**14**

^ — « - — y u ^ f c — — y — — — — — i —»—•— — — — — —

R2083 CMP A priority plan for the preparation of By widening the Consensus achieved, the project improves
Common Functional Specifications the acknowledgement and acceptance of RACE results. The
(CFSs). This plan reflects the view of all CFS plan helps projects and standardisation bodies fine
RACE projects, consolidated with the tuning their own work plans,
standardisation bodies priorities. Performs
consensus management within RACE.
Provides mechanisms for consensus

widening. The compilation and
publication of CFS developed by RACE
projects Dissemination within RACE, of
progress made in standardisation (outside
of the Programme).

R2085 INTERACT Provides the RACE community with an Supports the various techno-economic evaluations performed
integrated on-line information service by RACE projects, providing a consistent base from which
(including techno-economic and standards broadband development scenarios may be assessed,
information).

R2086IAF Macro-economic models estimating to A source of policy recommendations for IBC deployment,
what degree IBC investment will increase taking into account such needs of society that may be
white collar productivity, and lead to provided through advanced communication,
cumulative incremental growth rates
within the European Union.

R2087 TITAN A fully operational techno-economic tool The modelling tool makes possible the development of costfor cost evaluation and comparison of effective optical components and has shown under which
different architectures of the access conditions FTTC becomes a cost effective solution,
network.

R2090 PALACE Provides a systems engineering office and Encourages active co-operation amongst ACE projects
_>_ rapporteur function to Project Line 7 of working in areas of common interest Articulates PL results
RACE- the advanced communications in the form of contributions to CFSs, CPRs and standards
experiments (ACE). bodies.

R2091 URSA IBC deployment scenarios and budget Contributes to Common Functional Specifications for
cross-flow analyses. generic applications derived from integrating the resuhs of all
ACEs and other sector case studies performed in Europe.

R2093 RIO To provide to the RACE community, a Should aid the functioning of the RACE program by
general, text based, on-line information enabling users to locate and exchange information more
system, having in addition messaging and effectively,
file transfer facilities.

R2095 BRAIN Organisation of Summer schools and Raises the awareness of broadband issues and provides a
various seminars. Some sessions within thorough knowledge to young engineers. Helps address
such schools to take place at multiple practical issues arising from real time broadband
locations, interconnected via broadband interconnection,
links.

###### **7/**

**Annex II**

**Participating organisations**

**Participating Organisations**

**Project** **Role"** **Company**

**R2042** **P** **FAWLINZ-AUSTRIA**

**R2113** **P** **UNIVERSITY** **OF** **VIENNA**

**Country**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**CH**

**R2095**

**R2044**

**R2077**

**R2016**

**R2033**

**R2082**

**R2061**

**R2032**

**R2044**

**R2048**

**R2061**

**R2066**

**R2074**

**R2083**

**R2097**

**R2101**

**R2U7**

**R2166**

**R2034**

**R2054**

**R2064**

**R204S**

**R2033**

**R2027**

**R2039**

**R2048**

**R2065**

**R2069**

**R2095**

**R2097**

**R2101**

**R2077**

**R2077**

**R2033**

**R2083**

**R2016**

**R2087**

**R2016**

**R2023**

**R2041**

**R2085**

**R2O90**

**R2077**

**R2077**

**R2061**

**R2009**

**R2II0**

**R2060**

**R2061**

**R2029**

**R2O03**

**R2006**

**R2020**

**R2024**

**R2029**

**R2032**

**R2039**

**R2041**

**R2059**

**R2061**

**R2066**

**R2081**

**R2I15**

**R2166**

**R2061**

**R2039**

**R2060**

**R2M1**

**R2110**

**R2013**

**R2095**

**R2061**

**R2III**

**R2006**

**R2024**

**R2053**

**R2072**

**A**

**P**

**P**

**A**

**S**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**C**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**c**

**p**

**p**

**p**
**s**

**A**

**P**

**A**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**A**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**C**

**A**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**C**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**ATO** **-** **VINÇOTTE NUCLEAIRE**
**ATEA**

**BABB** **AGE** **INSTIT** **FOR** **KNOWLEDGE** _**A**_ **INFO TECH**

**BARCO** **NV** **KORTRIJK**

**BARCO** **NV** **KORTRIJK**

**BARCO** **NV** **KORTRIJK**

**BELGACOM**

**BELL TELEPHONE** **MFG CO** **(ALCATEL-BELL)**
**BELL TELEPHONE MFG** **CO** **(ALCATEL-BELL)**
**BELL TELEPHONE MFG** **CO** **(ALCATEL-BELL)**
**BELL TELEPHONE** **MFG CO** **(ALCATEL-BELL)**
**BELL TELEPHONE** **MFG CO** **(ALCATEL-BELL)**
**BELL TELEPHONE MFG** **CO** **(ALCATEL-BELL)**
**BELL TELEPHONE MFG** **CO** **(ALCATEL-BELL)**
**BELL TELEPHONE MFG** **CO** **(ALCATEL-BELL)**
**BELL TELEPHONE MFG** **CO** **(ALCATEL-BELL)**
**BELL TELEPHONE MFG** **CO** **(ALCATEL-BELL)**
**BELL TELEPHONE MFG** **CO** **(ALCATEL-BELL)**
**BIMSA/NV**

**DAEDALUS** **NV.**

**EBU** **RES.** **CENTER**

**FRAMATOME CONNECTORS BELGIUM** **NV**

**GASELWEST**

**GENERALE DE BANQUE**
**IMECVZW**

**IMECVZW**

**IMECVZW**

**IMECVZW**

**IMECVZW**

**IMECVZW**

**IMECVZW**

**INTEGAN**

**LERNOUT & HAUSPIE** **SPEECHPROD.**

**MUNiaPAUTY KORTRIJK**

**RACE INDUSTRIAL CONSORTIUM**

**RAYNETNV**

**RAYNETNV**

**REFERNV**

**REFER** **NV**

**REFERNV**

**REFERNV**

**REFERNV**

**SHERPA** **NV**

**STENTOR SPEECH PRODUCTS**

**UNIVERSITY GHENT**

**UNIVERSITY LEUVEN (CATHOLIC)**
**UNIVERSITY LEUVEN (CATHOLIC)**
**UNIVERSITY LIEGE**

**ALCATEL** **STR AG**

**ASCOM AUTELCA** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASCOM TECH** **AG**

**ASSOCIATION SWISS PTT/ASCOM TECH**
**EIDGENÔSSISCHE** **TH** **ZURICH**

**EIDGENOSSISCHE** **TH** **ZURICH**

**EUROPEAN BROADCASTING UNION**

**LTS/EPFL**

**PAULSCHERRER-INSTITUTE ZURICH**

**SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE** **OF** **TECHNOLOGY**

**SWISS TELECOM** **PTT**

**SWISS TELECOM** **PTT**

**UNIVERSITY LAUSANNE** **(POLYT.** **FED.)**
**UNIVERSITY LAUSANNE** **(POLYT.** **FED )**
**UNIVERSrTY LAUSANNE** **(POLYT.** **FED.)**
**UNIVERSITY LAUSANNE** **(POLYT. FED )**

Page 1

**^"3**

**Participating Organisations**

Project Role- **Company** Country

**IJ207J,**

**R2060**

**R2002**

**R2005**

**R2O06**

**R2011**

**R2011**

**R2015**

**R2033**

**R2039**

**R2042**

**R2048**

**R206I**

**R2062**

**R2066**

**R2076**

**R2078**

**R2081**

**R2083**

**R2089**

**R2096**

**R2097**

**R2104**

**R2108**

**R2114**

**R2166**

**R2062**

**R2072**

**R2I06**

**R2035**

**R2113**

**R2037**

**R2085**

**R2091**

**R21I3**

**R2107**

**R2O40**

**R2094**

**R2O40**

**R2036**

**R2036**

**R2036**

**R2042**

**R2061**

**R2081**

**R2096**

**R2043**

**R2052**

**R2067**

**R2072**

**R20I1**

**R2023**

**R2024**

**R2044**

**R2045**

**R2060**

**R2061**

**R2O70**

**R2082**

**R2087**

**R2109**

**R2084**

**R2008**

**R2036**

**R2037**

**R2042**

**R2060**

**R2076**

**R2078**

**R2093**

**R2067**

**R2036**

**R2027**

**R2006**

**R2083**

**R2089**

**R2097**

**R2082**

**R2026**

**R2082**

**I**

**P**

**r**

**C**

**C**

**C**

**S**

**p**
c

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**
**A**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**C**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**A**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**A**

**C**

**P**

**A**

**A**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**A**

**P**

**A**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**P**

**C**

c

c

c

**p**
c

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

Acrr

**ACOTECGMBH**

**ALCATEL SEL** **AG**

**ALCATELSEL** **AG**

**ALCATELSEL** **AG**

**ALCATEL SEL** **AG**

**ALCATEL SEL** **AG**

**ALCATEL SEL** **AG**

**ALCATEL SEL** **AG**

**ALCATELSEL** **AG**

**ALCATEL SEL** **AG**

**ALCATEL SEL AG**

**ALCATEL SEL AG**

**ALCATELSELAG**

**ALCATEL SEL AG**

**ALCATELSELAG**

**ALCATELSELAG**

**ALCATELSELAG**

**ALCATELSELAG**

**ALCATELSELAG**

**ALCATELSELAG**

**ALCATELSELAG**

**ALCATELSELAG**

**ALCATELSELAG**

**ALCATELSELAG**

**ALCATELSELAG**

**AKTNACHRICHTENTECHNIKGMBH**

**ANT NACHRIOTTENTECHNIK GMBH**

**ASCOTA EURO CENTER**

**BAYERBCHEMOTORENWERKE** **AG (BMW)**
**BAYERISCHEMOTORENWERKE** **AG (BMW)** **-**
**BERTELSMANN** **AG**

**BIBA**

**BIBA**

**BIBA**

**BREMEN INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL** **TECHN.**

**BREMER INSilllUT FUR BETRIEBSTECHNIK**

**BREMER INSTITUT** **FUR** **BETRIEBSTECHNIK**

**BREMER VUUCAN VERBUND** **AG**

**BUNDESANST.** **F.** **MATJORSCH.** **U.** **-FRUEF.**

**BUNDESANST.** **F.** **MATJORSCH** **U.** **-PRUEF.**

**BUNDESANST. F.** **MATJORSCH** **U.** **-PRUEF.**

**BURDAGMBH**

**CADIS GMBH**

**ŒLLWAREGMBH**

**CELLWAREGMBH**

**COMPART**

**DAIMLER-BENZ** **AG**

**DAIMLER-BENZ AG**

**DAIMLER-BENZ** **AG**

**DBP TELEKOM** **(FTZ)**
**DBP TELEKOM** **(FTZ)**
**DBP** **TELEKOM** **(FTZ)**
**DBP TELEKOM** **(FTZ)**
**DBP** **TELEKOM** **(FTZ)**
**DBP** **TELEKOM** **(FTZ)**
**DBP** **TELEKOM** **(FTZ)**
**DBP** **TELEKOM** **(FTZ)**
**DBP** **TELEKOM** **(FTZ)**
**DBP** **TELEKOM** **(FTZ)**
**DBP** **TELEKOM** **(FTZ)**
**DE TE MOBILE (DEUTSCHE TELEKOM)**
**DETEBERKOM GMBH**

**DETEBERKOM GMBH**

**DETEBERKOM GMBH**

**DETEBERKOM GMBH**

**DETEBERKOM GMBH**

**DETEBERKOM GMBH**

**DETEBERKOM GMBH**

**DETEBERKOM GMBH**

**DEUTSCHE AEROSPACE** **AG.**

**DEUTSCHE AEROSPACE AIRBUS GMBH**

**DEUTSCHE BANK** **AG**

**DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST TELEKOM**

**DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST TELEKOM**

**DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST TELEKOM**

**DEUTSCHE BUNDESPOST TELEKOM**

**DEUTSCHE** **FORSCHUNOS.** **FUER LUFT ARAUMFART**

**DEUTSCHE THOMSON-BRANDT GMBH**

**DEUTSCHE THOMSON-BRANDT GMBH**

Page 2

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**D**

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**D**

**D**

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**D**

**D**

**D**

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**D**

**D**

**D**

**D**

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**D**

**D**

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**D**

**D**

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**D**

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**D**

**D**

**D**

**D**

**D**

**D**

**D**

**D**

**D**

**D**

**D**

**D**

**D**

**D**

**D**

**s** _**h**_

**Project**

**R2O20**

**R2052**

**R2040**

**R2033**

**R2033**

**R2003**

**R2003**

**R2003**

**R2008**

**R2084**

**R204I**

**R2057**

**R2035**

**R2U2**

**R2042**

**R2037**

**R2033**

**R2030**

**R20***

**R2I07**

**R2005**

**R2088**

**R2058**

**R2060**

**R2004**

**R204I**

**R2049**

**R2056**

**R2068**

**R21I6**

**R2042**

**R2026**

**R2082**

**R210S**

**R2045**

**R2055**

**R2064**

**R2069**

**R2I10**

**R2065**

**R2071**

**R2023**

**R2048**

**R2021**

**R2045**

**R2075**

**R2082**

**R2O40**

**R2014**

**R2083**

**R2008**

**R2042**

**R2036**

**R2O60**

**R2Q10**
**R2024**

**R2032**

**R2061**

**R2106**

**R2106**

**R2I07**

**R2081**

**R2042**

**R2043**

**R2036**

**R2O20**

**R2055**

**R2061**

**R2066**

**R208I**

**R2082**

**R2097**

**R210I**

**R2085**

**R2010**

**R2033**

**R2064**

**R2072**

**R20I0**

**R2078**

**R2041**

**P a r t i c i p a t i n g** **O r g a n i s a t i o n s**

**R o l e "** **C o m p a n y**

**S** **DT.** **FORSCh.** **AKST** **ALT** **K.** **LLTi •** _**V.**_ **R** **AH.** **.ffAiKT**

**P** **DVSDIGITALF VIDEOS YSTEMEOMiJH**

**C** **EMIT** **GMBH**

**P** **EMPDUCAGMBH**

**S** **EMPIRICAGMBH**

**P** **EMPDUCA.GESFJ:OMM-U.TECHNFORSCHUNG**

**S** **EMPUUCA.** **GES.F.KOMM.-U.TECHN.FORSCHUNG**

**C** **ERICSSON** **EUROLAB DEUTSCHLAND GMBH**

**C** **ERICSSON EUROLAB DEUTSCHLAND GMBH**

**P** **ESG** **ELEKTRONIK-SYSTEM A** **LOGISTTK GMBH**

**P** **ESG** **ELEKTRONIK-S YSTEM GMBH**

**P** **FAWULM**

**P** **FHG -** **IGD**

**P** **FHG-IGD**

**P** **FHG/IAO**

**P** **FOGRA**

**S** **FRANKFURTER** **VERBAND FOR A+B HILFE** **E.** **V.**

**P** **FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT - ISI**

**P** **FRAUNHOFER** **INST.** **F.** **GRAPH** **DATENVERARB.**

**P** **FRAUNHOFER** **INST.** **F.** **GRAPH** **DATENVERARB.**

**P** **HlAUNHOFERINSTJFjWGJESTKOERPERPHYSIK**
**P** **GES.** **F.** **MATHEMATTK UND** **DATENVERARBEITUNG**

**P** **GESELLSCHAFT** **MATHEMATTK** **UND** **DATENV.**

**P** **GESELLSCHAFT MATHEMATTK UND** **DATENV.**

**P** **GMDFOKUS**

**P** **GMDFOKUS**

**P** **GMDFOKUS**

**S** **GMDFOKUS**

**P** **GMDFOKUS**

**P** **GMDFOKUS**

**P** **GMD-IPSI**

**P** **GRUNDIG** **EJvtV.**

**P** **GRUNDIG** **EM** **V.**

**P** **HAGENUKGMBH**

**P** **HEINRIŒ HERTZ mSjrrUT**
**P** **HEINRICH HERTZ** **INSTITUT**

**P** **HEINRICH** **HERTZ rNSTTTUT**

**P** **HEINRICH HERTZ INSTITUT**

**P** **HEINRICH HERTZ** **INSTITUT**

**P** **HEINRICH-HERTZ-rNSTnUT**

**P** **1ABG**

**P** **DCOS** **SOFTWARE** **SERVICE GMBH**

**p** **iMMiNsrrruT** **FUR** **MBCROTECHNIK** **G M B H**

**P** **INFORMGMBH**

**P** **INSTITUT FUR RUNWTJNJCTECHNIK** **GMBH**

**P** **rNSTTTUT FUR RUNE»TJNKTECHNIK** **GMBH**
**P** **rNSTTTUT FUR RUNrjFUNKTECHNIK** **GMBH**
**A** **INSTITUT FUR SEEVERKEHR UND LOGISTTK**

**P** **KABELRHEYDT**

**P** **KRONE AG**

**P** **LEHRSTUHLrNFORMATTKIV**

**P** **LINOTYPE-HELL** **AG**

**P** **LUFTHANSAAG**

**P** **MEDIA** **PORT** **BERLIN GMBH**

**P** **MICROPARTS GMBH**

**P** **MIKROELEKTRONIK ANWENDUNGSZENTRUM HBURG**

**P** **MIKROELEKTRONIK ANWENDUNGSZENTRUM** **HAMB.**

**P** **MIKROELEKTRONIK ANWENDUNGSZENTRUM** **HAMB.**

**A** **MUNIOTAUTYDCMMTTZSCH**

**A** **MUNICrPALITYELSNIG**

**P** **MUNICIPALITY** **GANDERKESEE**

**P** **OSITRON** **SCHMIDT** **OHO**

**P** **OTTOVERSAND**

**A** **PERGAMON** **MUSEUM**

**A** **PHILIPS** **IND.** **ROENTGEN**

**C** **PHILIPS KOMMUNTKATIONS INDUSTRIE AG**

**P** **PHTUPSKC>MMUNIKATIONS INDUSTRIE** **AG**

**P** **PHILIPS** **KOMMUNTKATIONS INDUSTRIE** **AG**

**P** **PHILIPS** **KOMMUNTKATIONS INDUSTRIE** **AG**

**P** **PHILIPS KOMMUNIKATIONS INDUSTRIE** **AG**

**P** **PHILIPS KOMMUNIKATIONS INDUSTRIE AG**

**P** **PHILIPS KOMMUNIKATIONS INDUSTRIE AG**

**P** **PHILIPS KOMMUNIKATIONS INDUSTRIE AG**

**A** **PRODUTECGMBH**

**P** **QUANTE**
**P** **ROBERT BOSCH GMBH**

**P** **ROBERT BOSCH GMBH**

**C** **ROBERT BOSCH GMBH**

**C** **ROBERT BOSCH** **GMBH.** **FORSCHUNGSINSTITUT**

**A** **SCHENKER-RHENUSREISENKOLN**

**P** **SIEMENS AG**

**Page** **3**

**Country**

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**cc**

**Participating Organisations**

**Company** Country

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG**

**SIEMENS** **AG.** **OENZLP**

**SIEMENS NIXDORFINFORMATIONSYSTEME** **AG**

**SIEMENS PCWCORPORATE** **RAD**

**SIEMENS PCN/00RPORATE** **RAD**

**SIGOS SYSTEMINTEGRATION GMBH**

**SNI ASSOCIATED USERS**

**STZ - GESELLSCHAFT FUER SOFTWARE TECH**

**TEKOM**

**TELEMATIC SERVICES GMBH**

**TELENORMAGMBH**

**TELENORMA GMBH**

**TELENORMAGMBH**

**TELENORMA GMBH BOSCH TELECOM**

**TELES GMBH**

**TELES GMBH**

**TELES GMBH**

**TELES GMBH**

**TELMARKGMBH**

**UNI VERSITY AACHEN (RWTH)**
**UNTVERSTTY AACHEN (RWTH)**
**UNIVERSITY AACHEN (TECHNICAL)**
**UNIVERSITY BERLIN**

**UNTVERSTTY BERLIN**

**UNTVERSTTY BERLIN (TECHNICAL)**
**UNrVERSTTY BERLIN (TECHNICAL)**

**UNTVERSTTY BERLIN (TECHNICAL)**
**UNIVERSITY BONN**

**UNIVERSITY BREMEN INSTJHF-TECHNDC**

**UNIVERSITY DORTMUND**

**UNIVERSITY HAMBURG-HARBURG (TECHNICAL)**
**UNrVERSTTY HANNOVER**

**UNIVERSITY HANNOVER**

**UNIVERSITY HANNOVER**

**UNTVERSTTY HANNOVER**

**UNIVERSITY ILMENAU (TECHNICAL)**
**UNIVERSITY KOLNfBIFOA)**
**UNIVERSITY KOLN (BIFOA)**
**UNIVERSITY LEIPZIG**

**UNIVERSITY MARBURG**

**UNIVERSITY PADERBORN**

**UNIVERSITY PADERBORN**

**UNIVERSITY STUTTGART**

**UNIVERSITY STUTTGART**

**UNIVERSITY STUTTGART**

**UNIVERSITY STUTTGART**

**UNIVERSITY STUTTGART**

**UNIVERSITY STUTTGART**

**UNIVERSITY** **ULM**

**V** **AP** **VIDEO ART PRODUCTION GMBH**

**VDI/VDE-IT**

**WANDEL A GOLTERMANN**

**WMDGMBH**

**COMPUTER RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL** **A/S**

**COURSEWARE SCANDINAVIA**

**DANISH TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE**

**DELTA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING**

**DELTA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING**

**ELECTROMAGNETICS DESTITUTE DEFT** **CBT**

**ELEKTRONDC CENTRALEN**

**ELEKTRONIKCENTRALEN**

**ELEKTRONKCENTRALEN**

Page 4

```
Project

R2045

R2046

R2ÛS2

R2055

R2058

R2060

R2062

R2065

R2066

R2069

R2070

R2072

R2073

R2083

R2084

R2088

R2096

R2118

R2166

R2027

R2051

R2035

R2U2

R2063

R2051

R2029

R2037

R2092

R20S6

R2068

R2083

R2004

R2008

R2025

R2079

R2102

R2086

R2003

R2117

R2067

R2035

R21I2

R2O60

R2088

R2I16

R2092

R2040

R20I0

R2024

R2045

R2032

R2072

R2110

R2044

R2025

R2030

R2106

R2006

R2013

R2028

R2006

R2024

R2031

R2060

R206I

R2095

R2060

R2052

R2091

R2116

R2042

R2046

R2037

R2037

R2059

R2I04

R20I6

R2096

R2029

R208I

```

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**FORCE INS II r u n ERNE**

**CNE^MI**

**GRUNDFOS**

**JYDSKTELEFON**

**JYDSKTELEFON**

**JYDSKTELEFON**

**JYDSKTELEFON**
**KTAS (COPENHAGEN TELEPHONE COMPANY)**
**KTAS (COPENHAGEN TELEPHONE COMPANY)**
**KTAS (COPENHAGEN TELEPHONE COMPANY)**
**KTAS (COPENHAGEN TELEPHONE COMPANY)**
**KTAS (COPENHAGEN TELEPHONE COMPANY)**
**KTAS (COPENHAGEN TELEPHONE COMPANY)**

**L.M** **ERICSSON** **A/S**

**NETMAN**

**NKTELEKTRONIK ATS**

**NKT ELEKTRONIK** **A/S**

**PER UDSEN** **CO.** **AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY**

**SCANDINAVIAN AIRLINES SYSTEM**

**TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY OF DENMARK**

**TELE DANMARK** **A/S**

**TELE DANMARK RESEARCH**

**TELECOM DENMARK**

**TELECOMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH GROUP**

**TFL TELECOM RESEARCH** **LAB**

**UNTVERSTTY OF AALBORG**

**ALCATEL FYCSA**

**ALCATELSESA**

**ALCATEL SESA**

**ALCATEL SESA**

**ALCATEL SESA**

**ALCATELSESA**

**ALCATELSESA**

**ALCATELSESA**

**ALCATELSESA**

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**BANCO DEL COMERaO**

**CENTRO DE TEXTOS ELECTRONICO**

**DEPTJISICA.** **UNIV.** **AUTONOMA BARCELONA**
**DETYCOMAJLE.**

**ENTE PUBLICO RETE VISION**

**GENERAUTAT DE CATALUNYA**

**TBERMATICA**

**INMARK**

**INSTITUT CERD** **A**

**INSTITUT CERDA**

**INSTITUT CERD** **A**

**MERCOLLEIDA**

**MUSEO ARCHEOLOGICO NAaONAL**

**MUSEO NAQONAL** **DEL** **PRADO**
**RE1AL AUTOMOBIL CLUB** **DE** **CATALUNYA**

**RETEVISION**

**SEMA GROUP** **SAE**

**SEMA GROUP** **SAE**

**S YSTEMAS AVANCADOS** **DE** **CONTROL**

**TELEFONICA DE ESPANA** **SA**

**TELEFONICA DE ESPANA** **SA**

**TELEFONICA DE ESP ANA** **SA**

**TELEFONICA** **DE** **ESPANA** **SA**

**TELEFONICA** **DE** **ESPANA** **SA**

**TELEFONICA** **DE** **ESPANA** **SA**

**TELEFONICA** **DE** **ESPANA** **SA**

**TELEFONICA** **DE** **ESPANA** **SA**

**TELEFONICA** **DE** **ESPANA** **SA**

**TELEFONICA** **DE** **ESPANA SA**

**TELEFONICA** **DE** **ESPANA SA**

**TELEFONICA** **DE** **ESPANA** **SA**

**TELEFONICA** **DE** **ESPANA** **SA**

**TELEFONICA I** **JU>.**

**TELEFONICA INVESTIGACION** **Y** **DESARROLLO**

**TELEFONICA INVESTIGACION** **Y** **DESARROLLO**

**TELEFONICA INVESTIGACION** **Y** **DESARROLLO**

**TELEFONICA SISTEMAS**

**TRANSTCOLS**

**UNIVERSITY MADRID (AUTONOMA)**
**UNIVERSITY BALEARIC ISLANDS**

**UNIVERSITY CATALONIA (POLYTECHNIC)**
**UNIVERSITY CATALONIA (POLYTECHNIC)**
**UNI VERSTTY CATALONIA (POLYTECHNIC)**
**UNIVERSITY CATALONIA (POLYTECHNIC)**

```
           Page 5

```

**C o u n t r y**

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**Project**

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R2036

R2081

R2037

R20.4

R206I

R2097

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R2004

R2032

R2041

R2046

R2059

R2061

R2004

R2014

R2004

R2014

R2034

R2046

R2039

R2083

R2017

R2082

R2085

R2049

R2I08

R2078

R2061

R2066

R208)

R2084

R2096

R2097

R210I

R2104

R2071

R2023

R2030

R2038

R2I08

R2082

R2078

R2053

R2II9

R2078

R2080

R2091

R2079

R2043

R2043

R2078

R2064

R2019

R2079

R2054

R2020

R2023

R2024

R2025

R2041

R2055

R2066

R2069

R2072

R2076

R2087

R21I7

R2166

R2073

R20I6

R206!

R2092

R2043

R2071

R20I8

R2052

R2024

R2053

R2061

R2066

```

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**Participating Organisations**

**P r o j e c t** **Role*** **C o m p a n y**

**R2072** **P** **UNTVERSm'** **CATALOSTA (POLYTECHNIC)**
**R2084** **S** **UrmTOtsm'CATALOIJlA (POLYTECHNIC)**
**R2093** **A** **UNTVERSrn*** **CATALONIA (POLYTECHNIC)**
**R2I08** **P** **UNIVERSITY CATALONIA (POLYTECHNIC)**
**R2166** **S** **UNTvTatSTITCATALONU (POLYTECHNIC)**
**R2043** **P** **UNIVERSITY MADRID (POLYTECHNIC)**
**R2056** **P** **UNIVERSITY MADRID (POLYTECHNIC)**
**R2018** **S** **UNIVERSITY PAIS VASCO**

**R20I8** **S** **UNTVERSTTY ZARAOOZA**

**R2046** **P** **AEROPORTS** **DE** **PARIS**

**R2034** **A** **AEROSPATIALE**

**R2034** **P** **AEROSPATIALE**

**R2011** **P** **ALCATEL ALSTHOM RECHERCHE**

**R2015** **S** **ALCATEL ALSTHOM RECHERCHE**

**R2018** **C** **ALCATEL ALSTHOM RECHERCHE**

**R2039** **C** **ALCATEL ALSTHOM RECHERCHE**

**R2048** **P** **ALCATEL ALSTHOM RECHERCHE**

**R2I04** **A** **ALCATEL ALSTHOM RECHERCHE**

**R2034** **P** **ALCATEL CTT**

**R2039** **P** **ALCATEL CTT**

**R2044** **S** **ALCATEL CTT**

**R2083** **P** **ALCATEL CTT**

**R2064** **P** **ALCATELESPACE**

**R2074** **C** **ALCATELESPACE**

**R207S** **C** **ALCATELESPACE**

**R2078** **P** **ALCATELESPACE**

**R2117** **C** **ALCATELESPACE**

**R2025** **P** **ALCATEL** **BR**

**R2041** **P** **ALCATEL** **BR**

**R2059** **P** **ALCATEL BR**

**R2116** **P** **ALCATEL** **BR**

**R2084** **p** **ALCATEL RADIOTELEPHONE**
**R2117** **P** **ALCATEL RADIOTELEPHONE**
**R2Û64** **p** **ALCATEL TELSPAŒ**
**R2074** **p** **ALCATCLTELSPAŒ**
**R207S** **P** **ALCATEL TTTNANSWARE**

**R2034** **A** **ALLIANCE QUALTTE LOGICIEL**
**R2016** **P** **ARECOM TELECOM PARIS**

**R2064** **P** **AIŒCOM TELECOM PARIS**

**R2053** **P** **ARMINES**

**R2071** **p** **BAYER DIAGNOSTICS**
**R2050** **P** **BERTTNETCIE**

**R2080** **C** **BOUYGUES**

**R2051** **S** **BULL ASSOCIATED USERS**

**R2076** **P** **BULLSJV.**

**R2058** **P** **BULLSAECHIROLLES**

**R2003** **P** **CAP** **GEMINI INNOVATION**

**R20I7** **S** **CAP** **GEMINI INNOVATION**

**R2047** **P** **CAP SESA REGIONS**

**R2003** **P** **CAP SESA TELECOM**

**R20I7** **P** **CAP SESA TELECOM**

**R2U5** **P** **CAP SESA TELECOM**

**R2045** **P** **CŒTT**

**R2064** **P** **CCETT**

**R2072** **P** **CCETT**

**R2038** **P** **CEMA.** **UNTVERSTTY DE RENNES**

**R2072** **P** **CENTER MORPHOLOGICAL MATH**

**R2025** **P** **CETIA**

**R2096** **P** **CLEMESSY ELECTRONIQUE**
**R2081** **P** **CLEMESSY** **SA**

**R2088** **P** **CLEMESSY** **SA**

**R2006** **" P** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R20I4** **P** **OiET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R2017** **P** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R2018** **P** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R2028** **P** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R2034** **p** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**
**R2039** **P** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R2049** **P** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R20S7** **P** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R2062** **P** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R2066** **P** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R2067** **A** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R2072** **P** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R2075** **P** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R2082** **C** **QŒT FRANCE TELECOM**
**R20S4** **p** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**
**R2087** **C** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R21I0** **C** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**R21I1** **P** **CNET FRANCE TELECOM**

**Page** **6**

**C o u n t r y**

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Project Role'

**Participating Organisations**

**Company**

**CNET FRANCE TELECOM**
**COMITÉ** **DEP.** **DU TOURISME DE LHÉRAULT**

**COMPAGNIE GENERALE** **DE** **PROTECTION ET SEŒ**

**CORNING EUROPE**

**CORNING EUROPE**

**DASSAULT AUTOMATISMES** **ET** **TELECOMMUNICAT.**

**DASSAULT AUTOMATISMES ET** **TELECOMMUNICAT.**

**DASSAULT AUTOMATISMES** **ET** **TELECOMMUNICAT.**

**DASSAULT AUTOMATISMES ET** **TELECOMMUNICAT.**

**DIGITAL EQUIPMENT FRANCE**
**DIGITAL ETM/IC**

**ELECTRICITE DE FRANCE**

**EUROPEAN AEROSPACE NETWORK SERVICES**

**EUTELIS**

**EUTELSAT**

**EUTELSAT**

**EUTELSAT**

**FCR FRANCE TELECOM**

**FRAMATOME CONNECTORS FRANC**

**FRAMENTEC**

**FRANCE TELECOM**

**FRANCE TELECOM EXPERTEL**

**FRANCE TELECOM EXPERTEL**

**FRANCE TELECOM STI**

**GEMINI CONSULTING**

**GROUPE BULL** **SA**

**GSIERLI**

**GS1-TECSI**

**HOTEL** **DE** **VILLE CHATEAU DU LOIR**

**IBM FRANCE**

**IBM FRANCE**

**IBM FRANCE**

**IBM FRANCE**

**IBM FRANCE**

**IBM FRANCE**

**IBM FRANCE**

**IBM FRANCE**

**IBM** **FRANCE**

**IBM FRANCE**

**IBM** **FRANCE**

**IBM FRANCE**

**EDATE**

**IDATE**

**TEMNDHS LILLE UNrVERSTTY**

**RHACENTRE PCLYTECTNK3UE SAINT LOUIS**

**INS.** **DE** **FORMAT.** **RANIMAT. E** **CONS.** **ENTR**

**INSTRUMENTS SA JOBIN-YVON**

ms

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**TTMI**

**LABORATOIRES** **D'ELECTRONIQUE** **PHILIPS**
**LABORATOIRES** **D'ELECTRONIQUE** **PHILIPS**
**LABORATOIRES** **D'ELECTRONIQUE** **PHILIPS**
**LABORATOIRES** **D'ELECTRONIQUE** **PHILIPS**
**LABORATOIRES DELECTRONIQUE PHILIPS**
**LABORATOIRES DELECTRONIQUE PHILIPS MICROWAVE**
**MARBEN**

**MARBEN**

**MARCHE DU PORC BRETON**

**MATRA COMMUNICATION**

**MATRA COMMUNICATION**

**MATRA COMMUNICATION**

**MATRA COMMUNICATION**

**MATRA COMMUNICATION**

**MATRA MARCONI SPACE FRANCE**

**MERCURE**

**MET COMMUTATION**

**MET COMMUTATION**

**MET COMMUTATION**

**MET COMMUTATION**

**MINISTèRE** **DU** **TOURISME**

**MONETELSA.**

**MUSEE DORSAY**

**ONERA**

**ONERA**

**OST** **-** **OUEST STANDARD TELEMATIQUE**
**OST** **-** **OUEST STANDARD TELEMATIQUE**
**PBS-TRG**

**PROTEXARMS**

**RADIALL**

**RENAULT** **SA**

Page 7 .

Country

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**R2I13**

**R2071**

**R2054**

**R2070**

**R2109**

**R2O07**

**R20S7**

**R2088**

**R2113**

**R2037**

**R2056**

**R2036**

**R2034**

**R2043**

**R2023**

**R2064**

**R2074**

**R2035**

**R2014**

**R2021**

**R2083**

**R2107**

**R21J2**

**R2064**

**R2086**
**R2Û5I**

**R20O4**

**R2027**

**R2107**

**R2004**

**R2017**

**R2020**

**R2027**

**R2034**

**R2035**

**R2041**

**R2046**

**R2058**

**R2058**

**R21I2**

**R2I15**

**R2078**

**R2U9**

**R2005**

**R2079**

**R209S**

**R2001**

**R2001**

**R2072**

**R207I**

**R2053**

**R2055**

**R206I**

**R2072**

**R2II7**

**R2067**

**R2004**

**R2079**

**R2079**

**R2020**

**R2023**

**R2030**

**R2055**

**R2072**

**R2023**

**R2I11**

**R20I6**

**R2023**

**R2085**

**R2087**

**R2078**

**R2059**

**R2043**

**R203I**

**R2034**

**R2029**

**R2034**

**R2O30**

**R2050**

**R2001**

**R2112**

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**SIEMENS AUTOMOTIVE** **S A**

**SIEMENS AUTOMOTTVE** **S A**

**S£LEC**

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**SOCIETE ANONYME** **DE** **TELECOMMUNICATION**

**SOCIETE ANONYME** **DE** **TELECOMMUNICATION**

**SOCIETE ANONYME** **DE** **TELECOMMUNICATION**

**SOCIETE FRANÇAIS** **DE** **GENEE lOGICTEL** **S.A.**
**SOCIETE POUR LTNFORMATIQUE INDUSTRIELLE**
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**SOITECSA**

**SOPHA MEDICAL**

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**TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT PARTNERS**

**TELECOM PARK**

**TELECOM** **PAR1S-ARECOM.** **PARIS,** **FRANCE**
**TELECOMMUNICATIONS RADIO ELECTRIQUES**

**TELEDIFFUSION** **DE** **FRANCE**

**TELEDIFFUSION** **DE** **FRANCE**

**TELEDIFFUSION** **DE** **FRANCE**

**TELES YSTEMES**

**TELESYSTEMES**

**TELESYSTEMES**

**TELESYSTEMES**

**TELESYSTEMES**

**TELESYSTEMES**

**TELESYSTEMES**

**TELESYSTEMES**

**TELESYSTEMES INNOVATION**

**TELMARTSA**

**TELMAT COMMUNICATIONS**

**THESEUS INSTITUTE**

**THESEUS INSUIUIt**

**THOMSON** **CSF**

**THOMSON** **CSF**

**THOMSON** **CSF**

**THOMSON** **CSF**

**THOMSON** **CSF**

**THOMSON** **CSF**

**THOMSON CSF CNI**

**THOMSON CSF** **LCR**

**THOMSON CSF LCR**

**THOMSON CSF** **LER**

**THOMSON CSF LER**

**THOMSON CSF LER**

**THOMSON CSF** **LER**

**THOMSON CSF** **LER**

**THOMSON CSF LER**

**THOMSON CSF** **LER**

**THOMSON CSF LER/LCR**

**THOMSON CSF** **RCC**

**THOMSON CSF SEMICONDUCTORES SPECIFIQUES**
**THOMSON HYBRIDES**

**UNION REGIONALE COOPERATTVES ELEVAGE**

**UNIVERSITY LILLE**

**UNIVERSITY RENNES**

**VERJLOGSA**

**VERJLOGSA**

**VERJLOGSA**

**VITEC**

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**ALPHA SYSTEM ANALYSB INTEGRATION** **LTD**

**ALPHA SYSTEM ANALYSIS INTEGRATION** **LTD**

**ALPHA SYSTEM ANALYSB INTEGRATION** **LTD**

**CENTRE OF PLANNING A ECONOMIC RESEARCH**

**EPSILON INTERNATIONAL** **SA**

**EXPERTNET**

**EXPERTNET**

**FOUNDATION** **OF** **RESEARCH** **AND** **TECHNOLOGY**

**GOULANDRIS MUSEUM OF C YCLADIC** **ART**

**HELLENIC MINISTRY** **OF** **AGRICULTURE**

**INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEMS**

**INTRACOMSA**

**INTRACOMSA**

**INTRACOMSA**

**INTRACOMSA**

**INTRACOMSA**

**Page** **8**

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**R2029**

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**R2074**

**R2084**

**R2097**

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**R2075**

**R2083**

**R2096**

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**R2067**

**R2003**

**R2006**

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**R2064**

**R2067**

**R2072**

**R2082**

**R2001**

**R2057**

**R2067**

**R2062**

**R2047**

**R2067**

**R2018**

**R2017**

**R2017**

**R2088**

**R2055**

**R2I06**

**R2059**

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**R2116**

**R2074**

**R2119**

**R2057**

**R2113**

**R2009**

**R2043**

**R2022**

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**R2102**

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**R2113**

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**R2087**

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**R2007**

**R2016**

**R2022**

**R2023**

**R2024**

**R2037**

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**R2044**

**R2061**

**R2064**

**R2078**

**R2095**

**R2097**

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**R2114**

**R21I6**

**R2118**

**R2022**

**R2030**

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**R2045**

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**R2067**

**R2084**

**R2083**

**R2166**

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**R2029**

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**R2009**

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**R2020**

**R2024**

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**MARAC ELECTRONICS**

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**REGIONAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL** **OF** **PATRAS**

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**UNION** **OF** **YOUNG FARMERS**

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**UNIVERSITY AEGEAN**

**UNIVERSITY AEGEAN**

**UNTVERSTTY ATHENS**

**UNTVERSTTY ATHENS**

**UNIVERSITY ATHENS**

**UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (AGRICULTURAL)**
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**UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNrVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNrVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNIVERSITY ATHENS (NTUA)**
**UNTVERSTTY ATHENS (NTUA)**
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**UNIVERSITY PATRAS**

**UNTVERSTTY PATRAS**

**UNIVERSITY THESSALONTKI**

**ZENON** **SA.**

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**ALCATEL FACE**

**ALCATEL FACE**

**ALCATEL ITALIA** **SPA**

**ALCATEL ITALIA** **SPA**

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**ASS.** **REGION.** **PUGLIESE TECNICI E** **RIC.** **IN** **AGR.**

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**CSELTSPA**

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Page 9

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**Participating Organisations**

Project Role* **Company** Country

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**R2066**

**R2072**

**R2082**

**R2087**

**R2I17**

**R2166**

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**R2066**

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**R2082**

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**R2058**

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**R2022**

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**R2066**

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**R2054**

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**ERICSSON F ATME** **SPA**

**ERICSSON FATME** **SPA**

**ERICSSON FATME** **SPA**

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**FONDAZIONE UGO BORDONI**

**FONDAZIONE** **UGO** **BORDONI**

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**RAJ RADIO TELE VBIONE ITAUANA**

**RAI** **RADIO TELE VBIONE TTALIANA**

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**SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS** **SRL**

**SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS** **SRL**

**SGS-THOMSON MICROELECTRONICS** **SRL .**

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**SPACE ENGINEERING** **SRL**

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**TELESPAZIOSPA**

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**UNIVERSITY TORINO (POLYTECHNIC)**
**UNIVERSITY TRENTO**

**UNIVERSITY TRENTO**

**BORD FAUTE / BUSH TOURIST BOARD**

**BRAY INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY**

**BROADCOM EJREANN RESEARCH** **LDT**

**BROADCOM EEREANN RESEARCH** **LDT**

**BROADCOM EEREANN RESEARCH** **LDT**

**BROADCOM EEREANN RESEARCH** **LDT**

**BROADCOM EEREANN RESEARCH** **LDT**

**BROADCOM EEREANN RESEARCH** **LDT**

**BROADCOM EEREANN RESEARCH** **LDT**

**CABLE MANAGEMENT INTL SERVICES LTD**

**CABLE MANAGEMENT INTL SERVICES LTD**

**CABLE MANAGEMENT ENTL SERVICES** **LTD.**

**CABLE MANAGEMENT INTL SERVICES** **LTD.**

**CABLE MANAGEMENT IRELAND** **LTD**

**CABLE MANAGEMENT IRELAND** **LTD**

**CIRCUITS TEST** **AND** **SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY** **LTD**

**Page 10**

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**rOLAS-THE IRISH SOENCEJtTECHNOLOGY AGENC**

**iTNANCtAL COURSEWARE LIMITED**

**INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY CENTRE**

**IRISH SCIENCE** **AND** **TECHNOLOGY AGENCY**

**IRISH SCIENCE** **AND** **TECHNOLOGY AGENCY**

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**NORTH WESTERN HEALTH BOARD**

**OPTRONICS IRELAND**

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**SHP** **SYSTEMS SERVICES**

**SOFTWARE** **AND** **SYSTEMS ENGINEERING**

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**UNTVERSTTY TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN**

**UNTVERSITY TRINITY COLLEGE DUBLIN**

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**T.I.** **PARTNER/TV** **SA**

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**ERICSSON TELECOMMUNICATEE** **B. V.**

**IDE**

**r*JSTITUTE** **FOR** **REHABILITATION RESEARCH**

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**Page 11**

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Page 12

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**Participating O r g a n i s a t i o n s**

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             Page 13

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BTPLC-SYNTEGRA

BTAD TECHNOLOGIES LTD

BTAD TECHNOLOGIES LTD

BTAD TECHNOLOGIES LTD

CAMDEN BOROUGH COUNCIL

CENTRE FOR SATELLITE ENG. RESEARCH

COMMERCIAL UNION ASSURANCE PLC

COMPUTER INDUSTRY RESEARCH UNIT

COMPUTER INDUSTRY RESEARCH UNIT

COMPUTER VISION UK LTD

Page 14

**Participating Organisations**

Project Role* Company Country

**CRANFTELD INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY**

**CRAY COMMUNICATIONS** **LTD**

**CRAY COMMUNICATIONS** **LTD**

**CRAY COMMUNICATIONS** **LTD**

**CRAY COMMUNICATIONS** **LTD**

**CRAY COMMUNICATIONS** **LTD**

**CRAY COMMUNICATIONS** **LTD**

**CROSFEELD**

**CROSFEELD ELECTRONICS** **LTD.**

**DEPT.MAT.TECH BRUNEL** **UNIV.** **COORDINATOR**

**DIGITHURST LIMITED**

**DISCLOSURE LTD**

**DUNDEE UNIVERSITY MICROCOMPUTER CENTRE**

**ERA TECHNOLOGY** **LTD**

**ERA** **TECHNOLOGY** **LTD**

**ERA** **TECHNOLOGY** **LTD**

**ERA TECHNOLOGY** **LTD**

**EUROBELLUMTTED**

**EUROPEAN COMMUNITY TELEWORKING FORUM**

**GA YTON PHOTONICS** **LTD**

**GEC MARCONI MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY** **LTD**

**GEC** **MARCONI MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY** **LTD**

**GEC-MARCONI DEFENCE SYSTEMS**

**GEC-MARCONJ HIRST RESEARCH CENTRE**

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**GEC-MARCONI MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY** **LTD.**

**GEC-MARCONI MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY** **LTD.**

**GEC-MARCONI MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY** **LTD.**

**GEC-MARCONI MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY** **LTD.**

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**HUSAT RESEARCH INSTITUTE**

**121 VISION** **LTD**

**IAD** **AEROSPACE**

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**ETC RESEARCH** **LTD**

**INDEPENDANT TELEVBION COMMISSION**

**INDEPENDENT TELEVBION COMMISSION**

**INDEPENDENT TELEVBION COMMISSION**

**INDEPENDENT TELEVBION NEWS**

**INMARSAT**

**INTERACTION DESIGN** **LTD**

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**INTERNATIONAL AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN**

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**EPS** **YS** **SOFTWARE** **PLC**

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**KINGS COLLEGE LONDON**

**LI VEWERE DIGITAL LIMITED**

**LOUGHBOROUGH UNTVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY**

**LOUGHBOROUGH UNTVERSITY** **OF** **TECHNOLOGY**

**LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY**

**MACMTLLAN PUBUSHERS** **LTD.**

**MARI (NORTHERN IRELAND)** **LTD**
**MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS**

**MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS** **LTD**

**MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS** **LTD**

**MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS** **LTD**

**MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS** **LTD**

**MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS** **LTD**

**MARI COMPUTER SYSTEMS** **LTD**

**MARI GROUP**

**MENTEC** **LTD**

**MERCK** **LTD UK**

Page 15

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**R2040**

**R2033**

**R2071**

**R2094**

**R2042**

**R2078**

**R2030**

**R2019**

**R2047**

**R2076**

**R2089**

**R2093**

**R21H**

**R2023**

**R2106**

**R2038**

**P**

r

**p**

c

c

c

**p**

**p**

**p**

c

c

**p**

**p**

s

s

**p**

c

**p**

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**S**

**p**
s

**p**

**p**

**p**
s

c

s

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

**p**

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**p**

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s

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c

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**p**

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**6?**

**Project**

**R2078**

**R2033**

**R200I**

**R2089**

**R2105**

**R20I8**

**R2038**

**R2O80**

**R2071**

**R2068**

**R2090**

**R2O20**

**R2I05**

**R2037**

**R2042**

**R2028**

**R2002**

**R2021**

**R2024**

**R2052**

**R2061**

**R2072**

**R2095**

**R2066**

**R2084**

**R2118**

**R2118**

**R2166**

**R21I2**

**R2033**

**R2056**

**R2071**

**R2106-**

**R2041**

**R204I**

**R2022**

**R2022**

**R2110**

**R2109**

**R2086**

**R200I**

**R2119**

**R2U2**

**R2045**

**R2059**

**R2006**

**R2117**

**R2007**

**R2108**

**R2071**

**R2115**

**R2004**

**R2089**

**R2114**

**R2005**

**R2076**

**R2095**

**R2028**

**R2U1**

**R2030**

**R2095**

**R2074**

**R2075**

**R2056**

**R20I5**

**R2036**

**R2084**

**R2105**

**R2074**

**R2094**

**R2033**

**R2070**

**R2003**

```
•Role:

```

**Participating Organisations**

**Role"** **Company**

**A** **NORTHERN** **IRISANT/** **TQUklST** **BOARD**
**S** **NDRTHWO;** **J> S Y JTZMS AND** **SERVICES LIMITED**

**P** **NTH OPTOELECTRONICS DIVBION**

**A** **OCTAGON LTD**

**C** **OCTACONLTD**

**P** **OPTOELECTRONICS RESEARCH CENTRE**

**P** **ORC.** **SOUTHAMPTON** **UNIV..** **UK**

**P** **OVEARUP** **A PARTNERS**

**P** **OXFORD BROOKES UNrVERSTTY**

**P** **OXFORD UNIVERSITY**

**C** **PALACE LTD**

**S** **PHELEPS RESEARCH LABORATORIES**

**P** **PHILIPS RESEARCH LABORATORIES**

**P** **PERA** **INTERNATIONAL**

**P** **PERA INTERNATIONAL**

**A** **PIRELLI GENERAL PLC**

**P** **QUEEN MARY AND WESTFIELD** **COLLEGE**
**P** **QUEEN** **MARY** **AND WESTFIELD COLLEGE**
**P** **QUEEN** **MARY** **AND WESTFIELD COLLEGE**
**P** **QUEEN** **MARY** **AND WESTFIELD COLLEGE**
**P** **QUEEN MARY AND WESTFIELD** **COLLEGE**
**P** **QUEEN** **MARY** **AND WESTFIELD COLLEGE**
**A** **QUEEN** **MARY AND WESTFTELD** **COLLEGE**
**S** **ROKE** **MANOR RESEARCH LTD**

**S** **ROKE MANOR RESEARCH LTD**

**S** **ROKE** **MANOR** **RESEARCHLTD**

**S** **ROKE** **MANOR RESEARCH LTD**

**S** **ROKE MANOR RESEARCH LTD**

**C** **ROVER GROUP**

**P** **ROYAL NATIONAL DXSTnTJIE FOR DEAF** **PEOPLE**

**P** **RUTHERFORD APPLETONIABORATORY**

**P** **RUTOERFC)RDAPPLETON** **LABORATORY**
**A** **SABHALMOROSTAIG**

**P** **S ALFORD** **NETWORKING** **INTERNATIONAL** **LIMITED**

**S** **SALFORD SOFTWARE** **SERVICES**

**A** **SCOTTISH COUNCIL FOR VOLUNTARY ORGANIS**

**A** **SCOTTISH HOMES**

**A** **SNELL** **AND WILCOX** **LTD**

**P** **SOUTHAMPTON** **OPT.** **RES.** **CENTRE**

**P** **SPRU**

**P** **SWINDON SILICON SYSTEMS LTD**

**P** **SYSTEMS SYNTHESIS** **LTD.**

**P** **TRW** **SSL**

**P** **UK ATOMIC ENERGY** **AUTHORITY**

**P** **UNEPROLTMTTED**

**P** **UNTVERSITY BATH**

**P** **UNrVERSTTY** **BRADFORD**

**P** **UNIVERSITY BRISTOL**

**P** **UNIVERSITY BRISTOL**

**P** **UNIVERSITY BUCKINGHAM**

**P '** **UNIVERSITY CAMBRIDGE**

**A** **UNIVERSnT** **COLLEGE LONDON**

**P** **UNTVERSITY** **COLLEGE** **LONDON**

**P** **UNTVERSTTY** **COLLEGE** **LONDON**

**P** **UNIVERSITY** **COLLEGE OF** **NORTH** **WALES**

**P** **UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF** **WALES**

**A** **UNTVERSTTY COLLEGE-NORTH** **WALES**

**P** **UNIVERSITY ESSEX**

**S** **UNIVERSITY ESSEX**

**P** **UNIVERSITY NEWCASTLE** **UPON** **TYNE**

**A** **UNIVERSITY NEWCASTLE UPON** **TYNE**

**P** **UNIVERSITY** **SALFORD**

**P** **UNIVERSITY SALFORD**

**P** **UNIVERSITY** **SHEFFIELD**

**P** **UNIVERSITY SOUTHAMPTON**

**P** **UNIVERSITY** **STRATHCLYDE**

**P** **UNIVERSITY STRATHCLYDE**

**P** **UNIVERSrrY** **STRATHCLYDE**

**P** **UNIVERSITY SURREY**

**P** **UNTVERSTTY SURREY**

**S** **UNTVERSITY VICTORIA MANCHESTER**

**A** **UNTVERSTTY WALES/BANGOR**

**P** **VODAFONE LTD**

**C o u n t r y**

**UK**

**ir^'**

```
Uk

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

```

**C -Coordinator**

**P - Partner**

**A - Associated Partner**

**S - Subcontractor**

**Page 16**

**6** **£**

**Annex III**

**Statistics on participation**

Type of Organisation

A = University or other Educational Establishment

D = Telecom/IT Industry

G = National and Local Public Organisation

**Participations by Type of Organisation**
**(ManMonths)**

B = Telecommunications Operator's Organisation

E = Telecom/IT User

O = Other

F G O

2% 1% [2] ° [/fl ]

**RMC Confidential**

C = Government or other Research Establishment

F = Service Provider Organisation

Type of Organisation

A = University or other Educational Establishment

D = Telecom/IT Industry

G = National and Local Public Organisation

**Participations by Type of Organisation**
**(N.** **of Partners)**

**B** - **Telecommunications Operator's Organisation**

**E** ***** **Telecom/IT User**

**O** = Other

RMC Confidential

**C** = Government or other Research Establishment

F = Service Provider Organisation

No. of Employees
Code

**Participations by Size of Organisation**
**(N.** **of Partners)**

Less than 50 51-100 **101-500** **501-1000** 1001-5000 Over 5000

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S8

S5
20%

No. of Employees
Code

**Participations by Size of Organisation**
**(ManMonths)**

Less than 50 51-100 101-500 501-1000 1001-5000 Over 5000
S1 S2 S3 84 S5 So

S3

17%

N

1.19

Country B D DK
% 3.80 18.29 2.77

250

200

**150**

100

50

**Participations by Country**
(N. **of Partners)**

E ( F GR **I** IRL **L** NL **P** UK A CH
4.83 16.86 5.54 7.21 3.96 0.16 6.49 4.35 17.42 0.16 2.30

SF

3.01

S

1.66

Country B D DK
% 3.80 18.29 2.77

E ' F GR

4.83 16.86 5.54

**Participations by Country**

**(N.** **of Partners)**

**I** **IRL** **L** **NL** **P** **UK** **A** **CH** **N** **S** **SF**

**7.21** **3.96** **0.16** **6.49** **4.35** **17.42** 0.16 2.30 **1.19** 1.66 3.01

**S** **SF** **B**

**Annex IV**

**Recommendations of** **the** **Stragtegic Audit Panel in 1993**

**»**

## **ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS** **FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT** **AND SOCIAL COHESION** **IN EUROPE**

**Strategic Audit of the development of advanced**

**communications in** **Europe**

_**1**_

**EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ACTION**

**Telecommunications services** **arc** **crucial for**
**balanced economic development They arc a**
**vital link between** **industry,** **the services sector**
**and** **market as well** **as** **between peripheral areas**
**and economic centres. They are also a pre-**
**requisite for social cohesion and cultural de-**
**velopment It takes a long time to develop a**
**new technology and even longer to deploy it**
**Nevertheless,** **Europe needs rapid development**
**of advanced** **communications** **to address new**
**economic and social problems:** **pollution,**
**transport** **congestion,** **and economic re-struc-**
**turing.**

**We** **live** **in a European community that needs to**
**work together, and we need the best telecom-**
**munication services we can** **achieve.** **The**
**Community will grow, and transparent net-**
**works** **need to grow with** **it Advanced commu-**
**nication services will multiply the benefits** **ôf**
**more traditional** **services.** **In the** **US,** **Japan** **and**
**Europe, some major corporations have already**
**realised the advantages that can accrue: lower**
**costs,** **improved productivity and competitive**
**advantages.** **Europeans arc at a disadvantage.**
**There** **is still a** **gap** **between** **the** **potential of**
**technology and the reality of applications.**

**The first two phases of RACE focused on**
**integrated broadband networks and demon-**
**strations of how services could exploit such**
**networks. Establishing common standards was**
**an essential theme. The programme** **has** **been** **a**
**success,** **but it is now urgent to stimulate in-**
**novative use. Users now insist that networks**
**meet their** **requirements** **rather than accept what**
**network operators find it convenient to give**
**them.** _**For**_ _**future EC actions,**_ **a paradigm shift**
**is needed away from technology development**
**to a broader policy stimulating use.**

**Community-led research and technology de-**
**velopment is certainly still needed in selected**
**areas:** **there** **are** **still many problems** **that arc** **too**
**big for any one player to solve on his own.**
**However,** **a major shift in emphasis is needed**
**to** **stimulate** **new uses of** **networks,** **to ensure**
**that the Community exploits communications**
**fully for business efficiency and for its social**
**needs.** **The Community must stimulate such**
**uses** **- to** **give** **them a kick-start. Experience**
**shows that innovative use develops best when**
**driven by consortia of interested** **users** **together**
**with manufacturers and network providers..**

**One example of** **the** **kind of use we have in mind**
**is computer-supported** **co-operative** **working, in-**
**cluding dial-up video** **conferences,** **with a termi-**
**nal on the desk** **for meetings** **as and** **when required**
**with widely scattered people** **and** **all** **the** **necessary**
**papers visible. The time saving would be enor-**
**mous:** **no need to sit in cars and aeroplanes;**
**perhaps 10% fewer cars on the roads. Such**
**services are increasingly used in the USA.** **In**
**Europe,** **virtually all the base technology is** **there,**
**but the marketable products and service are not**
**There are many other examples.**

**All these uses assume the availability of the**
**service-oriented** **networks and open access for**
**service providers, leading to sensible tariffs. We**
**are too. slow in achieving this across Europe.**
**There seems to be general acceptance that liber-**
**alisation of network and service provision can**
**speed things up, and the recent review of the**
**situation** **in** **the telecommunications services** **sec-**
**tor has clarified** **how** **fast it can happen. The**
**challenge of the 21st century will be one of**
**managing** **diversity** **in infrastructures, institutions**
**and** **services.** **This will require a sharing of**
**regulatory responsibilities between the EC and**
**Member** **States,** **and coordination of national**
**regulatory activities across the Community.** **Dif-**
**ferent things** **will** **happen** **in** **different countries, if**
**only because they start from different network**
**and tariff structures, but there must be** **a** **common**
**vision of where we arc going. There is no doubt**
**that the current diversity of regulations will in-**
**hibit many of the user innovations one wants to**

**sec.**

**Innovative usage** **trials,** **in** **particular,** **require an**
**enabling regulatory environment. The Treaty on**
**European Union makes provision for the**
_**"Community**_ _**to contribute to the establishment**_
_**and development of transEuropean networks in**_
_**the area of**_ _**telecommunications"**_ **,** **and could**
**provide the appropriate** **framework.** **European**
**PNOs and industry should jointly investigate**
**how Trans-European Broadband Networks can be**
**realised in the most economical way. and the**
**Commission should investigate how this frame-**
**work could be used to stimulate usage innova-**
**tion.**

_**l~**_

**With the Treaty on European Union, EC R&D**
**ceases to be only a basis for innovation and a**
**key to competitiveness; it must also** **make** **a**
**contribution to answering** **society's** **'needs.**
**European R&D in communications remains**
**indispensable. "Networking" research should**
**concentrate on the interworking** **and** **integration**
**of mobile communication** **systems,** **universal**
**personal communications and the distribution**
**of network and service intelligence. However,**
**we** **must** **not** **stop technology** **development:** **We**
**must have the courage to address a number of**
**"high-risk",** **"high** **potential"** **concepts, but we**
**must be selective. The emphasis on standards**
**is still vital, and the EC should assign a "man-**
**datory" status, cither directly or** **indirectly,** **to**
**key standards.**

**The telecommunications field is tremendously**
**dynamic and there should be a close and con-**
**tinuous interaction between the RACE man-**
**agement and the major players through appro-**
**priate channels - the network** **operators,** **indus-**
**try,** **governments** **and probably** **regulators.** **They**
**should advise the Commission on a continuing**
**basis and help to identify priority research**

**areas.**

**Most business activities are** **world-wide,** **and**
**telecommunications** **must** **therefore operate**
**globally. The mergers that arc going on in**
**majcrindusmes.incluo^gtelcœmmunicarions,** **em-**
**phasise** **this** **global** **dimension.** **[Glob.il co-opcrv](http://Glob.il)**
**tion will** **be** **needed** **in** **applications development,**
**and could** **be** **of** **mutual** **benefit in the** **development**
**of networking technologies.**

**These observations,** **and the** **following "Calls for**
**Action"** **arc** **the outcome of the** _**Strategic Audit**_ **of**
**advanced communications in Europe** **carried out**
**by three panels of key figures from** **industry,**
**academia.** **governments,** **telecommunications**
**network operators** **and** **service providers** **in** **early**
**1993.** **The views expressed arc those of the**
**Participants.**

_**<r<r<-><r<^<r^<^^<-0-0'<'**_

_**HI**_

**US*** **A** **"Call** **for** **Action***

**Telecommunications is crucial for balanced economic development, for social cohesion and for**
**cultural development in Europe. The EC urgently needs advanced communications to stay**
**competitive and meet social objectives. The following recommendations for action have been**
**identified by Panel** **I** **[1}]** **:**

**Highest** **priority** **is for the RACE programme to be followed with two new initiatives:**
**a continuing effort in European communications technology development; and a new**
**framework** **for larger-scale** **usage** **innovation,** **procurement and stimulation in areas of**
**public interest**

**The European Commission should**
**propose** **a** **new financial framework and**
**ways for** **usage innovation, procurement**
**and** **stimulation.**

**Regulatory bodies should** **remove** **con-**
**straints to integration of services and**
**liberalisation of** **markets in an** **appropri-**
**ate timetable.**

**Public Network Operators, in con-**
**junction with the CEC and regulatory**
**bodies, should take further actions to**
**ensure the full** **inter-operability** **of their**
**networks.**

**The European Commission should in-**
**dicate what forms of cooperation between**
**public and private operators can be en-**
**couraged. It should initiate consultation**
**on new regulatory** **frameworks** **for inter-**
**active video services.**

**European research and standardisa-**
**tion institutions must now** **have a** **global**
**perspective. The European** **Commis-**
**sion should enable and encourage R&D**
**cooperation with** **US** **A** **and Japan on** **the**
**basis** **of** **mutual** **interest.**

**The new democracies of eastern and**
**central Europe should be encouraged to**
**participate in ETSI.** **The EBRD** **and the**
**World Bank** **should give more** **attention**
**to telecommunications for industrial** **and**
**market** **development** **in** **eastern** **and** **cen-**
**tral Europe.**

**EC R&D should continue to stimulate**
**standardisation, and should address se-**
**lected areas of communications technol-**
**ogy development, including** **both** **digital**
**TV distribution and interactive**
**video services. A strengthened manage-**
**ment link with PNOs,** **industry,** **regula-**
**tors and Governments** **will** **be important**

**,}** **This part of the** **audit,** **on economic and policy** **issues,** **was carried out by Mr. Alvey (Chainnan); Mr. M. Allione of** **STET;** **Mr.**
**J. Cornu of** **Alcatel;** **Mr.** **T.** **Hardiman** **of** **IBM:** **Mr. B.** **Lasserreof** **the French Ministry of** **Telecommunications;** **Professor C.**
**Salerru** **of the** **Institute Superior** **Tecnico in Portugal; Dr.** **G.** **Tenzer** **of the DBP** **Telekom,** **and Mr. S. Temple of the UK DTL**

**While we have a rich portfolio of advanced communications technologyt** **its take-up** **in usage**
**is slower than** **in** **Europe's main competitors: we lack the right conditions for innovation in**
**ussage.** **We needa** **common infrastructure, equal** **access,** **lower** **prices and** **common specifica-**
**tions.** **The Panel of** **key** **figures** **of major user organizations and service** **providers'*** **has**
**recommended that:**

**PNOs** **need** **to increase their** **awareness** **of**

**customer needs, strengthen their service**
**and distribution channels, and support us-**
**age innovation.**

**PNOs should introduce switched broad-**
**band services for corporate users, with**
**flexible** **bandwidth** **management** **and** **com-**
**mercially attractive tariffs by 1995, and in**
**the context of a realistic** **"business-case**
**driven"** **design for public advanced** **com-**
**munications.**

**We must solve the problems of** **SMEs,** **as**
**well** **as those** **of** **large** **companies.** **The** **first**
**step** **is to specify generic** **applications,** **and**
**compatible services** **and** **equipment;** **then**
**to stimulate their take-up.**

**Europe** **needs** **a new** **framework** **for** **articu-**
**lation of** **demand which all actors cooperate**
**in developing concepts and specifications**
**for both corporate and generic service in-**
**frastructures. In this** **framework,** **the EC**
**should support trials to test the technical**
**and economic viability of advanced com-**
**munications usage in "closed user groups".**

**One focus should be on development**
**of TransEuropean** **"Inter-Organisa**
**tional** **Systems" to provide a common**
**platform for** **inter-organisational** **commu-**
**nication,** **information exchange** **and** **coop-**
**eration,** **including joint teleworking** **in** **dif-**
**ferent organisations, and office inter-**
**working.**

**We must make the transition from Elec-**
**tronic Data Interchange (EDI) to Electronic**
**Process Integration (EPI) to facilitate**
**flexible** **inter-organisational** **links;** **promote**
**usage of switched broadband telecom-**
**munications infrastructure, and provide a**
**common platform for** **inter-organisational**
**communication.**

**•** **There is a demand for personal mobility**
**within** **and** **across a wide variety of telecom-**
**munications networks and through** **multi** **-**
**service environments. Research in 1994-**
**1998 should focus on development of sys-**
**tems which provides for full** **mobiliity.**

**^** **This part of the** **audit,** **on trends in demand and the** **re-structuring** **of** **supply,** **was carried** **out** **by Mr. M. Ross (Chairman) of** **A.D.**
**Little;** **Mr. D. Claude of European Aerospace** **Network;** **Mr.** **A.** **Graziani** **of** **Tclesoft;** **Mr. W. Johannscn of Deutsche** **Bank;** **Mr. P.**
**Kanzow** **of** **Detecon;** **Mr. G.** **Mogenscn of** **TeleDenmarfc;** **Mr.** **L.** **Oooson** **of** **S** **AS.** **and Mr. H. Soboll of Daimler-Benz AG.**

**n** _**-,**_

**Solid bases have been established on which to base a reasonably clear vision** **ofthe** **networks**
**ofthe** **first** **decade** **ofthe** **21*** **century. Basic technology** **exists,** **and in** **theshort** **term,** **work needs**
**to focus on achieving lower costs and higher reliabilities. We need market stimulation, and**
**very selective further technology development** **to** **fill some gaps and enable PNOs to exploit**
**technologies.** **These observations and the following recommendations are the outcome of the**
**3** **[rd]** **part of the Strategic** **Audit** **[3]** ***** **of advanced communications in** **Europe.**

**•** **For terminals and** **digital** **video, tech-**
**nology for integrating** **data,** **image and**
**voice exists today, but there is a need to**
**cut costs by development of integrated**
**devices** **(VLSI) for image compression,**
**variable Bit-rate coding, and high-effi-**
**ciency modulation** **techniques.** **Beyond**
**this,** **new technologies arc needed for**
**hypermedia** **presentations,** **network inter-**
**faces,** **displays** **and mass** **storage.**

**1/** **For service creation, management and**
**user control,** **"Service** **Independent**
**Building** **Blocks'*** **are starting to produce**
**practical** **results,** **but the process** **of speci-**
**fication,** **validation,** **and** **service engineer-**
**ing must be** **continued.** **Realistic proto-**
**types must be produced, and** **"operating**
**systems*'** **for advanced communication**
**services** **developed.**

**•** **For network integrity and management,**
**new systems** **must** **be developed** **on** **stand-**
**ards-based platforms using high-per-**
**formance distributed databases, artificial**
**intelligence and open distributed process-**
**ing.**

**#/** **The European PNOs** **and** **industry should**
**jointly investigate how Trans-European**
**high-speed networks and LAN-LAN**
**interconnection can be realised in the**
**most economical way. For inter-opera-**
**tion,** **application** **interfaces,** **in** **addition to**
**protocols, arc essential to achieve trans-**
**parent network interopcration. New cli-**
**ent-server** **paradigms** **and object-oriented**
**programming** **may help to guarantee** **their**
**intcropcrability,** **portability and** **reusabil-**
**ity**

**Mobile service** **provision** **on fixed net-**
**works needs real-time databases; fur-**
**ther development is limited by these**
**technologies, security issues and com-**
**plexity** **of** **billing.** **Priorities for R&D** **arc**
**the integration of access and network**
**signalling, increased processing capa-**
**bilities in customer equipment and ter-**
**minals,** **and** **development of new signal-**
**ling protocols to** **support** **distributed** **da-**
**tabases and security requirements. In-**
**creased R&D efforts are also needed in**
**ISDN-UMTS** **interworking** **and** **satellite**
**systems for rapid service development in**
**rural areas.**

**For optical** **systems,** **breakthroughs re-**
**quired are in integrated optical subsys-**
**tems,** **free** **packaging techniques for** **op-**
**tical components,** **niass-xnanufacturing**
**techniques, and optical** **cross-connects.**
**Priority should** **also be** **given** **to R&D on**
**multiwavelength** **networks.**

**Finally, Europe cannot give up on new**
**enabling** **technologies:** **We can** **already**
**identify** **some ofthe** **key technologies for**
**21st century: holographic displays for**
**3D** **autostercoscopic** **vision;** **virtual** **pres-**
**ence technologies; life-images recogni-**
**tion and synthesis; hypermedia objects;**
**high-capacity** **data** **storage;** **new genera-**
**coding** **techniques,** **eig.** **for mobile appli-**
**cations, and human visual perception**
**studies.**

**^This** **pan** **ofthe** **audit,** **on technology development** **issues,** **was carried out** **by** **Mr.** **A.** **Chynowcth;** **Mx.** **L.** **Citti of Alcatel;** **Mx.** **J.** **Linares**
**ofTelcfonica;** **Mr.** **C.** **Mossotto** **of** **CSELT;** **Mr.** **P.** **Nordeste** **of** **CET;** **Mr.** **H.** **Ohnsorge of Alcatel** **SEL;** **Dr!** **K.U.** **Stein of Siemens and**

**Mr.M.WardofGPT.**

**Annex V**

**GLOSSARY** **OF** **TECHNICAL TERMS**

**6**

**Explanation of commonly used terms and acronyms**

_Note: Detailed prescriptive_ _definitions,_ _published by the_ _various regulatory_ _and_ _standardisation_ _bodies,_ _exist_
_for many_ _ofthe_ _terms used in_ _telecommunications_ _technology._ _The_ _glossary_ _below_ _is intended_ _to_ _provide less_
_technical descriptions appropriate_ _to the_ _non-specialist_ _reader._

**Applications: Specific Applications: Generic Applications**
The function or use to which a telecommunications service is put. Functions which are highly specific, e.g.
personal telebanking, are described as Specific Applications. Functions of **a** general nature which may underlie
many Specific Applications - e.g. as **a** system of high-speed, high security data transfer is required for personal
telebanking but also many other financial services - are referred to as Generic Applications.

**ADSL (Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Loop)**
A transmission technique which allows three or four channels of video to be transmitted over short distances on
copper local loops. Currently being tested in the USA and Europe.

**ATM (Asynchronous Transfer** **Mode)**
A system for organising **a** digital signal in such a way as to allow very high speed transmission of the signal
while making optimum use ofthe network's transmission capacity. A standard agreed for B-ISDN networks.

Bearer Services
In ISDN termonology; bearer services are the basic telecommunications facilities, such as switched 64 Kilobit
per second channels or digital leased circuits, which are the medium for carrying out teleservices (see below).

**B-ISDN: Broadband Network**
An integrated services digital network (see ISDN) permitting the user to make transmissions at speeds above 2
Megabits per second i.e. one particularly suitable for high quality multimedia services.

**Bit**
A single element of binary code (i.e. a 0 or a 1). See Transmission, Digital

Kilobit - one thousand (10 [3] ) bits
Megabit - one million (10 [6] ) bits
Gigabit - one billion (10 [9] ) bits
Terabit - one trillion (10 [12] )bits

**CATV (Community Antenna Television, Cable Television)**
A public network for the delivery of television programmes to the home by cable. Existing systems use coaxial
cable and are limited in Europe to approximately 30 channels of television. Future broadband systems will
carry up to 500 channels to the viewer.

**Cellular Telephone**
A system of mobile telephony whereby **a** country is divided into a thousands of small areas ("cells"), each of
which is served by its own "base station" for low-powered radio transmissions. This permits **a** user in one cell
to transmit on thé same frequency as another user in a geographically distant cell without their conversations
interfering with each other. Thus, cellular networks may have many more users than non-cellular networks,
where the number of users is limited to the number of wavelengths available. Cellular telephone networks may
employ analogue or digital transmission. Existing networks are largely analogue, new. networks use the
European GSM digital standard

**<*«-;**

**Compression**
**The technique of reducing the amount of data in a** **signal,** **so as to be more economical in** **the** **amount of**
**transmission capacity** **needed,** **the signal being reconstructed in its** **original** **form at the receiving end. A device**
**to do this is a codec (coder-decoder)**

**CPE (Customer Premises Equipment)**
**The telecommunications equipment which is located on the** **customers'** **premises - principally terminals**
**(phones, rax machines etc.) or an internal telephone network controlled from a private switchboard - sometimes**
**referred to as CPN, Customer Premises Network or SPN Subscriber Premises** **Network.**

**CT2 (2nd Generation Cordless Telephone,** **"Telepoint")**
**An economical system of cellular telephony. Unlike full cellular, the user may not move from cell to cell during**
**the call. The service is commercialised as Bi-Bop in France,** **Greenpoinî** **in the** **Netherlands,** **Pointer in Finland**

**etc.**

**Digital Superhighway**
**A US government initiative to provide for that country a nation-wide system of broadband communications**

**Economy of integration**
**Reduction in cost due to the sharing of facilities and services.**

**Economy of scale**
**Reduction in cost due to large volume of production and service** **provision.**

**Economy of scope**
**Reduction in cost due to quick recovery of investment related to rapid user uptake of widely available services.**

**ERMES (European Radio Messaging System)**
**A pan-European standard for radio paging systems, currently being deployed in Europe.**

**FTTC (Fibre To The Curb): FTTH (Fibre To The Home)**
**Future optical fibre networks may extend the optical fibre to the individual home (FTTH), or the fibre may**
**terminate at a** **"black** **box"** **located in the** **street,** **where the optical signal is converted to an electrical signal and**
**carried the remaining distance to each home on the** **pre-existing** **copper wiring (FTTC).**

**GSM (Groupe Spéciale Mobile, Global System for Mobile Communications)**
**See Cellular Telephone**

**HDTV (High Definition Television)**
**A service of high** **image-quality** **television displayed on a wide screen (in the aspect ratio of 16:9 rather than the**
**conventional television screen of 4:3). Such a service is currently being broadcast in Japan** **(Hi-Vision),** **a**
**European standard has been established (HD-MAC), though no service has been deployed as further work in**
**the United** **States,** **involving both American and European** **manufacturers,** **is currently developing an advanced**
**digital** **standard.**

**Interactivity**
**Interactivity in a service implies a close control by the user of the service by means of an ongoing system of**
**two-way** **communication between between user and service provider. Thus an interactive TV broadcast of, say,**
**a sporting** **event,** **would allow the viewer to select his own camera angles throughout the broadcast**

**Interconnectivity**
**Devices demonstrate interconnectivity if they can send and receive data between each other.**

Interoperability
Devices demonstrate interoperability if, in addition to communicating with each other, they can also work
together to execute a common task.

IBC (Integrated Broadband Communications)
The global term for the future overall communications environment, embracing Broadband-ISDN,
Narrowband-ISDN, mobile telephony and existing conventional telephone services together with data
communications and cable TV.

IN
See Networks, Intelligent

Internet
The world's largest computer communications system. Originated in the United States, though now operating
world-wide, the Internet is a loose confederation of principally academic and research computer networks, and
is run by a group of volunteers based in Reston, Virginia.

ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): N-ISDN: B-ISDN
A single network capable of carrying several different types of service - based on voice, text, data, still image or
moving image - by means of digital transmission techniques. The ISDN currently being deployed in Europe
carries a communication of up to 2 Megabits per second (Narrowband ISDN). Future networks will cany
higher speed communications (Broadband ISDN).

LAN (Local Area Network)
A network for communication between computers, confined to a single building or closely located group of
buildings, permitting users to exchange data, share a common printer or master computer etc. Linked groups of
LANs extended over a larger area are termed Wide Area Networks (WANs). Networks which extend over citywide areas are called Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs).

LEO (Low Earth Orbit), LEOS (Low Earth Orbit Satellite)
Proposed systems of personal telecommunications based on communication via a number of satellites in low

(non-geosynchronous) orbit. The best known of these proposal is called the "Iridium" project.

Local loop
The section of the telephone transmission network between the local telephone exchange and the subscriber' s
premises. This is currently in copper wiring. In future, optical fibre or wireless will also be used.

MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
See LAN.

Modem

Computer data is in digital form. To send it on the existing telephone network it is necessary to convert it to
analogue (electrical wave) form, and then reconvert it to its original digital form on arrival. The device to do
this is called a modem (modulator-demodulator). As the existing telephone network is not well adapted for data
transmission, modems send their data at a relatively slow rate so as to avoid transmission errors. Users
requiring more reliable or higher speed data transmission subscribe to ISDN or certain specialised data
networks (see Networks, Data)

Multimedia
The concept of closely combimng voice, text, data, still image and moving image. A multimedia database, for
example, would contain textual information, images, video, clips, tables of data, all equally easily accessed. A
multimedia telecommunications service (such as B-ISDN) would permit the user to send or receive any of these
forms of information, interchangeably at will.

_<p\_

**Multiplexing**
**The technique whereby many conversations may be carried simultaneously on a single line. This may be by**
**transmitting each conversation at a different frequency (Frequency Division Multiplexing); or by transmitting**
**small sections of each conversation at slightly different time intervals (Time Division Multiplexing); or, in**
**optical fibre** **networks,** **by transmitting each conversation in a different colour of light (Wavelength Division**
**Multiplexing). A device to do this is called a multiplexer or** **mux.**

**Network**

**A complete system of communications between** **users'** **terminals. Networks may be "point to** **point"** **(the**
**transmission goes from a fixed origin to a fixed destination), "switched" (the transmission is switched so as to**
**reach a single destination out of many possibilities) or "broadcast" (the transmission goes simultaneously to**
**multiple destinations). Networks may be "public" (owned by an operator and open to any member of the public**
**who subscribes) or** **"private"** **(owned or leased by an individual or company or group of companies exclusively**
**for own use). A network may be "real" (physically separate from the public network) or** **"virtual"** **(using public**
**network** **facilities,** **which revert to public use when no longer required in the private network).**

**Networks, Data**
**Networks specialised in the transmission of data** **rather** **than voice. Among such networks are Circuit Switched**
**Data Networks (CSDN; which include the** **so-called** **X.21** **networks), Packet Switched Data Networks (PSDN,**
**X.25** **networks), Frame relay** **networks,** **Switched Multimegabit Data Services networks (SMDS).**

**Networks, Speed of**

**"Speed", when used of a digital** **network,** **refers to the number of bits per second it can** **cany,** **thus it is a**
**measure** **ofthe** **capacity** **ofthe** **network.** **To carry voice, the industry in Europe has standardised on a speed of**
**64 Kilobits per second. Still images may also be transmitted adequately at this rate.** **Full-colour** **moving images**
**require transmission speeds of the order of 150** **Megabits'per** **second,** **though using various compression**
**techniques,** **moving images (though of less than normal TV quality) can be transmitted at 2 Megabits per**
**second.** **Trunk** **connections,** **which carry many calls at once (see Multiplexing), require of course multiples of**
**these speeds.**

**Networks, Intelligent**
**An** **"intelligent"** **network (IN) includes sophisticated features above those of the ordinary telephone service,**
**advanced software allowing the customisation of the services provided to individual** **customers.** **For example, it**
**allows the called party** **to** **redirect calls intended for him to another terminal (e.g. from home phone to his office**
**phone during the working day). It allows calls to be billed wholly or in part to** **someone** **other than the caller**
**("freephone" services). It provides virtual private network services (see Networks) etc.**

**Networks,** **Optical Fibre**
**Telecommunications networks based on fine glass fibres, down which signals may be sent by flashing a laser.**
**Earliest networks** **were** **"multimode", newer "monomode" networks have a higher transmission capacity.**

**NREN (National Research and Education Network)**
**Based on the initiative of US Vice President** **Al** **Gore, the NREN is a US high speed network linking a number**
**of research and educational institutes throughout the** **USA.** **It is seen as a forerunner of the proposed Digital**
**Superhighway (see above).**

**PABX (Private Automatic Branch** **Exchange):** **PBX** **(Private** **Branch Exchange)**
**The private switchboard located on his** **premises,** **with which a business subscriber controls the calls on his own**
**internal telephones.**

**PAL (Phase Alternation Line)**
**The standard for colour TV broadcasting currently in use in most West European countries**

**PCN (Personal Communications Networks)**

**-1**

A form of cellular telephone network specifically adapted for personal portable use, based on a technology
known as DCS 1800. Such services are currently being deployed in Europe. Similar services in the USA are
referred to as PCS (Personal Communications Services).

PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)
A personal computer of pocket size, where text is input by handwriting on a screen (rather than conventionally
via a keyboard) is known as a "notepad" computer. A notepad computer with advanced features and
communications facilities is referred to as a Personal Digital Assistant

Portability
Used of a computer programme, implies the programme can be executed on a number of different computers
with no or only minimal adaptation.

PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network)
The everyday telephone network, used for the transmission of voice conversations, fax images and for low
speed data transmission. The basic voice service is also sometimes referred to as POTS (Plain Old Telephone
Service).

QoS (Quality of Service)
For a telecommunications service; a measure of the level of performance required by the user, including for
example maximum permissible call set-up time, error rate, amount of echo, noise, distortion etc.

Sécam (Système Electronique Couleur avec Mémoire)
The standard for colour TV broadcasting currently in use in France and most East European countries

Service
An activity which a service provider carries out on request of a client. In a telecommunications network, a
service (e.g. voice telephony, E-Mail, file transfer, fax transmission etc.) is the means by which the user carries
out his application (see Application).

Teleservice
In ISDN terminology; teleservices are the application-orientated services (e.g. facsimile, videotex, message
handling) which are implemented on the bearer services (see above).

Teleworking
The capability to cany out one's work at a location other than the one usually used, by means of
telecommunications facilities.

Transmission, Analogue
Historically, telephone or radio signals were transmitted in the form of a wave of electrical energy, the shape of
the wave representing the original sound. Thus the electrical wave is analogous to the original sound wave.

Transmission, Digital
In a digital telecommumcations service, the original source is transformed into and transmitted as a series of
digits in binary code (i.e. 0s or Is). This has a number of important advantages. It permits direct computer-tocomputer communications without modulation-demodulation (see Modem). It gives a high level of reception
quality, since the receiver at each moment must only detect whether it has received an signal (a 1) or not (a 0);
thus even a severely degraded transmission can be reconstructed to reproduce perfectly the original source.
Voice, text, image or data are all equally capable of being coded as a digital signal, so a single network can
handle all four forms of transmission (see ISDN, Multimedia). The string of binary digits can be abbreviated
and then re-expanded on arrival, thus economising on transmission capacity (see Compression). Different
strings of binary digits can be interleaved and transmitted together, thus permitting several separate
conversations on a single line (see Multiplexing). The string of digits can be encrypted prior to transmission, to
ensure a high level of information security and privacy.

_**Gi**_

**VANS:** **VAS (Value Added Network** **Service:** **Value Added** **Service)**
**Hitherto in most** **countries,** **a certain basic level of telecommunications service has been defined and reserved as**
**a monopoly for the national operator. Most frequently, this is the service of voice communication in real time.**
**Services other than this may be offered by other service suppliers; they use the national network as the basic**
**transmission medium but "add value" to the basic transmission facility in some way, e.g. by storing and**
**forwarding the transmission at a later** **date,** **by distributing it to multiple** **destinations,** **by processing the**
**information contained in the transmission then forwarding the result etc. Exactly what comprises a basic, and**
**what a** **value-added,** **service therefore depends on the regulatory situation in the country** **concerned.**

**VI** _**&**_ **P** **(Visual,** **Intelligent and Personal Communications service)**
**The planned Japanese national B-ISDN** **network.**

**VR (Virtual Reality)**
**A system whereby the user is supplied with computer-generated images and** **sounds,** **to the exclusion of his real**
**surroundings, giving a strong impression of reality to the input he is receiving. (Virtual in this sense means**
**"apparent", "seeming"). The user interacts with the artificial world, by means of sensors which detect his head**
**and hand movements. Future work in VR is directed towards increasing the impression of reality received (for**
**example by means of 3D images) and to telecommunicating VR "worlds" to users located remotely from the**
**source computer.**

**WAN (Wide Area Network)**

**See** **LAN.**

**TELECOMMUNICATIONS-RELATED PROGRAMMES.** **mSTITUTES** **AND ORGANISATIONS**

**AIM*** **Advanced Informatics in** **Médecine**

**CADDIA*** **Co-operation** **in Automation of Data and Documentation for** **Imports/exports** **and the**

**management of financial control of the Agricultural market**

**CCIR** **Comité Consultatif International des Radiocommunications**

**CCITT** **Comité Consultatif International Télégraphique et Téléphonique**

**CCTS** **Comité de Coordination pour les Télécommunications par Satellite**

**CEN** **Comité Européen de Normalisation**

**CENELEC** **Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique**

**CEPT** **Conférence Européenne de Postes et des Télécommunications**

**COST** **Co-operation** **for R&D in Science and Technology**

**DELTA*** **Developing European Learning through Technical Advance**

**DRIVE*** **Dedicated Road Infrastructure for Vehicle safety in Europe**

**EBU** **European Broadcasting Union**

**ECMA** **European Computer Manufacturers' Association**

**ENS*** **European Nervous System**

**ESPRIT*** **European Strategic** **Programe** **for R&D in Information Technology**

**ESA** **European Space Agency**

**ETIS** **European Telecommunications Information Services foundation**

**ETNO** **European Telecommunications Network Operators group**

**ETSI** **European Telecommunications Standards Institute**

**EURESCOM** **European Institute for Research and Strategic Studies in Telecommunications**

**EUTELSAT** **European Telecommunications Satellite Organisation**

**FCC** **(US) Federal Communications Commission**

**IEE** **Institution of Electrical Engineers**

**IEEE** **(US) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers**

**INFOSEC*** **Information Security**

**INMARSAT** **International Maritime Satellite Organisation**

**INTELSAT** **International Satellite Organisation**

**INTUG** **International Telecommunications** **Users'** **Group**

**ISO** **International Standards Organisation**

**ITU** **International Telecommunications Union**

**ITU** **- RS** **International** **Télécommunications** **Union • Radio and Satellite (formerly CCIR)**

**ITU - T** **International Telecommunications Union - Telecommunications (formerly CCITT)**

**JPEG** **Joint** **Photographie** **Expert Group**

**MPEG** **Moving Picture Expert Group**

**ORA*** **Opportunities for application of information and communication technologies in**

**Rural Areas**

**RACE*** **R&D for Advanced Communications in Europe**

**RARE** **Réseaux Associés pour la Recherche Européenne**

**RIC** **RACE Industrial Consortium**

**SPAG** **Standards Promotion and Application Group**

**TEDIS*** **Trade Electronic Data Interchange Systems**

**TEN-D3C*** **Trans-European Networks** **-** **Integrated Broadband Communications**

**WARC** **World Administrative Radio Conference**

**WTSC** **World Telecommunications Standardisation Conference**

**•European** **Commission R&D programme**

**?4**

**Annex VI**

**Key references**

**Council Decision of 25th July 1985 on a definition phase for** **a** **Community action in** **the** **field** **of**
**telecommunications technologies -** **R&D** **programme in advanced communications technologies for Europe**
**(RACE):** **85/372/EEC;** **O.J.** **No** **L** **210/24;** **7.8.1985**

**Council Decision of** **14** **December 1987 on a Community programme in the** **field** **of telecommunications**
**technologies -** **R&D** **in advanced Communications technologies** **in Europe (RACE** **programme);** **88/28/EEC:** **O.J.**
**No L** **16/35, 21.1.88.**

**Council resolution** **of** **30th June 1988 on the development** **ofthe** **common** **market** **for telecommunications services**
**and equipment** **up** **to 1992; 88/C** **257/01:** **O.J.** **No** **C** **257/1,4.10.88.**

**Communication from the Commission to the Council** **and** **Parliament "Working towards Telecom 2000 -**
**Launching the Programme RACE -** **COM(88)** **240** **final** **II** **of 31.5.88**

**Report** **ofthe** **IBC strategic** **Audit:** **"Establishing** **advanced communications in** **Europe".** **February 1989.**

**Communication of** **the** **Commission to the Council concerning** **R&D** **in Advanced Communications technologies**
**for** **Europe** **(RACE) - Progress report** **'89** **and 30-month review, SEC(89) Final, July 1989.**

**Annual technical reports on the** **RACE** **programme -** **RACE** **'88;** **RACE** **'89;** **RACE** **'90;** **RACE** **'91,** **and** **RACE** **'92 -**
**Available on request** **from** **the** **RACE** **central office, DG** **XIII,** **Direction B.**

**Perspectives** **for Advanced Communications in Europe: PACE** **'89;** **PACE** **'90;** **and PACE** **'92,** **January 1992 -**
**Available on request** **from** **the** **RACE** **central office, DG** **XIII,** **Direction** **B.**

**Council Decision** **91/352/CEE** **of 7th** **June** **1991 adopting a Specific Programme of research** **and** **technology**
**development in the** **field** **of** **Communications** **technologies:** **O.J.** **No** **L 192/8,16.7.91**

**The report** **ofthe** **information and communications technologies review** **Board,** **Chaired by** **Mr.** **W. Dekker, June**
**1992.**

**Communication from the Commission on** **"Evaluation ofthe** **second Framework Programme for research and**
**technological development (SEC(92)675 Final), July 1992.**

**Evaluation** **ofthe** **second Framework Programme of** **RTD:** **Report** **from CREST to the Council, September 1992.**
**CREST/1212/1/92.**

**Advanced communications for economic development and social cohesion in** **Europe:** **A strategic audit** **ofthe**
**development of advanced communications in Europe (April 1993)**

**R&D in advanced communications technologies for Europe (RACE) - Final report on Phase I (1988-92):**
**COM(93)118,** **March 1993**

**75"**

**ISSN 0254-1475**

###### **COM(94) 306 final**

# **DOCUMENTS**

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