Source: EURLEX
Language: en
Format: md

```
   COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

```

**C0M(91) 281** **filial** **- SYN 352**

```
                            Brussels, 22 July 1991

             COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL

                  relating to a COUNCIL RESOLUTION

              concerning act Ivit les to be undertaken by the

                   Joint Research Centre (JRC)

                       Proposal for a

                      COUNCIL DECISION - SYN 352

              adopting specific research programmes to be

                implemented by the Joint Research Centre

             for the European Economic Community (1992-1994)

*9k
                       Proposal for a

                      COUNCIL DECISION

               adopting specific research programmes to be

             implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the

              European Atomic Energy Community (1992-1994)

                       Proposal for a

                      COUNCIL DECISION

             adopting a supplementary research programme to be

             implemented by the Joint Research Centre for the

                  European Atomic Energy Community

                   (presented by the Commission)

```

## **JRC PROGRAMME** **PROPOSAL**

# **1992 - 1994**

**I.** **INTRODUCTION - SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES**

**II.** **ORGANISATION AND RESOURCES**

**III.** **PROPOSALS** **FOR COUNCIL RESOLUTION**

**AND DECISIONS**

**Technical Annex: Scientific-Technical Work**

**(Institute by Institute)**

**Financial Statements**

**Statement of Impact on Competitiveness**
**and Employment**

**CHAPTER I**

##### **INTRODUCTION - SCIENTIFIC** **OBJECTIVES**

_**INTRODUCTION**_

1. This document contains the proposal of the Commission for the activities to
be undertaken by the JRC (Joint Research Centre) during the period
1992-1994.

2. In 1988, following an in-depth examination of the JRC by a panel of Senior
Industrialists, the Commission engaged in a major restructuration of the JRC
and since that period, with the approval of the CounciP and the Parliament2
the JRC has undertaken four distinct types of activity:

specific research programmes under the Framework Programme3;
scientific and technical work in support of other services of the
Commission;
contractual work for external third parties;
exploratory research.

3. For the future, it is proposed to pursue these four types of activity and whilst
only specific research programmes under the Framework Programme and
the Euratom supplementary programme for the exploitation of the HFR
reactor (contributing to the activity Contractual Work for External Third
Parties) require Council Decisions under the relevant Treaties' procedures, it
appears opportune that the Commission's proposals for such decisions be
inserted in a general framework describing how the JRC intends to operate
as a whole; for that purpose, and in the same way as in 1988, the overall
activities of the JRC should be the object of a Council Resolution.

4. Having set the restructuration well under way, the Commission wishes to
adopt a long-term view on the role of the JRC in the European Community
and its proposal for the period 1992-1994, synchronised with the Third
Framework Programme, has been established within the frame of a longerterm strateqy to the year 2000. This strategy will be summarized in the next
section of tnis document.

In terms of the operations of the JRC, the most significant feature has been
the reorganisation into Institutes which have become the backbone of the
new system; hence, the detailed presentation of JRC overall activities for
1992-1994 will be made in the Technical Annex on an Institute by Institute
basis.

**ACHIEVEMENTS SINCE 1988**

6. The proposals for the period 1992-1994 are firmly based on an in-depth
analysis of the current achievements of the JRC compared to the specific
objectives set for it by Council in 1988. In particular, they take into account
the status of work in progress and which has been reported in the successive
JRC Annual Reports for the years 1988,1989 and 1990.

**(** **1 )** **see Council Resolution of 29. 1988 No** **88/C** **197/03 in** **OJ** **No** **C** **197/4.**

**(2) see Legislative Resolution embodying the Opinion of the European Parliament in** **OJ** **No**
**C/94/31,** **11.4.1988,** **p. 74**

**(3) see Council Decisions of 14 10 1988 No** **88/521/EEC** **in** **OJ** **No** **L** **286/29 and No 88/522/Euratom in**
**OJ No L 286/33**

-2

7. Furthermore, they also take into account the guidance received from the
evaluation carried out at mid-programme "by a high level panel of
independent experts, led by Dr. Harry Beckers of Shell International. This
evaluation was performed under the terms of the Council Decisions on the
1988-1991 Programme and, accompanied by the observations of the Board
of Governors, was presented by the Commission to the Council and
European Parliament on 16th January 1990. It gave rise to long term
strategic planning for the JRC and a streamlining of its internal structure,
notably by the merging of two of the Institutes into the Institute for Systems
Engineering and Informatics. The panel recommendations also led to an
extension and intensification of the customer/contractor principle, both
with regard to the support for Commission activities and to relations
between the JRC Institutes and the JRC's general services. Finally, where
Commission or Community regulations are concerned, additional flexibility
in the administrative procedures was introduced, particularly in respect of
recruitment.

8. As required by f Council Decisions, a final overall evaluation will be
undertaken at th.- end of 1991 to determine progress during the period
since 1988. In pdrticular, this will assess the scientific, technical and
economic results of the research undertaken with specific reference to the
objectives set by the Council in 1988, and also the cost-effetiveness of the
JRC's activities, taking into account the impact of the administrative and
financial restructuration which has been implemented since 1988. In
agreement with the Board of Governors an evaluation panel has already
been nominated, and it is chaired by Sir Hermann Bondi, FRS.

_**WHAT**_ _**STRATEGY FOR THE JRC**_ _**UP TO THE**_ _**YEAR**_ _**2000**_ ?

9. The Commission considers that the remit of the JRC for the years to come
should be to conduct basic/strategic and applied/target oriented research as
an integral part of the European Science and Technology system. It should
follow the basic principles of customer/contractor and subsidiarity with the
following characteristics:

scientific and technical excellence;

neutrality and independence;
unique research facilities;
openness to all Community Member States.

The basic and applied research in science and technology carried out by the
JRC should meet the needs of the Community as a whole, its Institutions and
Member States with the objectives of:

contributing to the strengthening of the scientific and technological
basis for European industry and to the development of its international
competitivity;

contributing to the enhancement of the quality of the human and
natural environment;

contributing to the improvement of public safety aspects of new
technologies;

contributing to the reduction of scientific and technological disparities
between the Member States of the Community;

**-3-**

providing scientific and technical services to Community Institutions,
and making JRC competences and scientific and technical installations
available to public and private bodies.

10. Whatever form is adopted for the JRC in the long-term, it is considered that
its distinctive Community character must be preserved. The structure should
be dictated by the allotted tasks and the Centre must maintain its
institutional role of providing scientific and technical support for the
implementation of Community policies, while continuing to be open to the
outside. In all cases, the JRC should remain an integral component of
European R&D policy and this is fully reflected in the present Proposal.

_**JRC**_ _TASKS GUIDED_ _**BY**_ _**THE MARKETPLACE**_

11. Bearing in mind that the Centre is driven by the needs of its marketplace,
having to take account of the subsidiarity principle and develop its particular
actions under the application of the customer/contractor principle, longlasting criteria for the JRC contributions to Community policies may be
established:

performing research where the specific Community nature of the
Centre is an advantage, either because of its independence of
judgment and neutrality or because of the close links with the
Commission's Directorates-General responsible for implementing
Community policies. This applies primarily to research of a regulatory
or pre-normative nature or of public utility, and it is here that the
institutional role of the JRC appears most clearly;

performing research of the scientific watch type or of a conservative
type -to maintain scientific competences in areas which may present a
potential for development or which may return to importance at a
later stage- where there is an advantage in concentrating at a central
point in the Community specialised research with a long-term interest
or a high risk element. Recognised scientific-technical competence is
an essential condition to justify the concentration of research at the
JRC;

serving as a focal point for research on cross-frontier problems in which
the JRC, through integrated operations bringing together its own
research and the work of industrial or national laboratories, contribute
to the European effort towards excellence and cohesion between
Member States of the Community and acts as a bridge between groups
of Member States presenting different levels of scientific and technical
development;

contributing to establishing links with the EFTA and other European
countries, notably the Central and Eastern countries;

linked with the above activities, the JRC may contribute in selected
areas where it has strong competences, to the management of shared
cost actions and similar schemes;

external dimensions of the JRC activities assign a role for the Centre as
a continuing active partner in selected EUREKA projects and as a'
contributor to Commission actions related to international
cooperation of a more global dimension;

**-4**

providing specialised training in research. This is not a mere
continuation of the current traditional fellowship scheme (sectoral
scientific-technical grants), but a visualisation of the JRC with a
permanent role through its planned contributions to the human
capital and mobility objective as opened up in the Third
FrameworkProgramme, and thereby provide its contributions to the
creation of a true scientific and technological society in Europe;

through activities carried out in association or through specific work
under contract, providing industry, national public bodies and others,
including the European Environment Agency with specific expertise
and facilities developed in the course of research;

specialized and costly installations developed by the JRC and whose
duplication at a national or commercial level would not be justified
will, in addition to their use in JRC programmes, be placed at the
disposal of other organizations, either in collaboration agreements or
under contractual arrangements with public or private bodies.

_**MULTIDISCIPLINARY CHARACTER**_ _**OF**_ _**THE CENTRE**_

12. A fundamental strength of the JRC, which is the basis of its remit, is the
European dimension of its work. This is not limited to scientific-technical
activities in a few scientific disciplines. Indeed, a second strength is the
multidisciplinary character of the Centre where the span of competences
and skills - admittedly to a varying degree - stretches over many sciences.
The JRC has a strong tradition of executing projects of a multicfisciplinary
nature. This multidisciplinarity is indeed reflected in the subject areas of
most of the Institutes and promises that, in the future, the JRC will also be
able to take up new challenges as needs arise based on the flexibility
required of a European laboratory. Consequently, multidisciplinarity should
be cultivated for the future.

On the other hand, this should not lead to a complete dispersion of the
activities which are undertaken. While remaining customer-driven, the
Centre and its management must have clear views on the proper scientifictechnical orientations for the JRC and be able to keep a balance in order to
ensure that the activities and contracts which are accepted can be executed
at any time with the requisite level of competence, qualitatively as well as
quantitatively.

_JRC SCIENTIFIC_ _**AND**_ _**TECHNOLOGICAL**_ _**ACTIVITIES**_

13. As noted in section 2 of this document, the Council Resolution of
29 June 1988 specified the first of the activities of the JRC, its predominant
task for the period 1988 to 1991, the "implementation of the Framework
Programme by means of specific programmes and preparatory research".
This definition still holds good for the 1992-1994 period and is the subject of
the proposals presented herein.

The work is oriented towards meeting the overall objectives of the
Framework Programme and those set out for the particular lines of the
Framework Programme to which the JRC contributes, or in more detail, to
the objectives of specific research programmes whose execution is entrusted
to the JRC. While the JRC Board of Governors remains the proper guardian

5

of the JRC and its work, and sees that JRC research constantly evolves
towards the objectives set out, a close coordination will be maintained with
the relevant shared cost action programmes, notably through a full and
detailed exchange of information with their respective committees on the
JRC research in those areas.

_**SPECIFIC**_ _**PROGRAMMES**_

14. The JRC will contribute to the objectives of the Third Framework Programme
through the following lines:

_**Industrial and Materials Technologies;**_

_**Measurement and Testing;**_

_**Environment;**_

_**Nuclear**_ _**Fission**_ _**Safety;**_

_**Con trolled Nuclear Fusion;**_

_**Human Capital and Mobility.**_

The broad objectives of the JRC contribution to these lines are set out below.
More detailed descriptions are provided in the Technical Annex.

**15.** **In** the field **of** _**Industrial and Materials Technologies**_ **the planned JRC**
contribution concerns:

_**Working Environment**_ **and**

_**Materials.**_

With regard to _**Working Environment,**_ while keeping in mind the normal
application of the subsidiarity principle, an important project selection
critérium will be the orientation towards prenormative research. The
Community will be called upon for further regulatory actions in areas such as
health care and risk control, setting upper and **lower** limits (e.g. toxicology),
standard evaluation methods and procedures for analysis, evaluation of risks
to workers, and evaluation of the working environment in relation to the
introduction of new technologies. Research should furthermore evolve in
close collaboration with relevant national bodies in the Member States, and
with the coming European Agency for Safety at Work.
Consequently the JRC has selected the following research themes which
match existing JRC skills, with the objective of actively contributing to this
work:

_Toxicology and Occupational_ _Health;_

_Occupational Accident_ _**Research**_ _**and**_

_Risk Prevention._

_**8**_

**With regard to** _**Materials,**_ **research will be oriented towards the following**
**areas which all have a strong** **prenormative** **dimension and represent**
**important enabling technologies for a whole range of advanced industrial**
**applications:**

_**Alloys and**_ _**In**_ _**termetallics;**_

_**Ceramics**_ _**and Composites;**_

_**Coatings and**_ _**Processing;**_

_**Surface Modification Technology;**_

_**New Functional Materials;**_

_**Non Destructive and Evaluation Techniques for Advanced**_ _**Materials**_
_**and Components;**_

_**Information and Data Management.**_

**These** **pre** **cts have the objective of helping to ensure that Community**
**manufac** **ring industry has better access to a range of cost-effective,** **well-**
**characterized advanced materials and that these materials are incorporated**
**into high performance components. The activity also provides a focal point**
**for the exchange of information on prenormative research on advanced**
**materials. The research supported by unique facilities at the JRC will be**
**conducted in close contact with manufacturing and user industries and**
**furthermore aim at supporting wider European and International**
**standardisation efforts in the vast field of new materials.**

**16.** **In** **the field of** _**Measurement and Testing,**_ **the essential contribution of the**
**JRC is the continuation of activities in both the nuclear and non-nuclear**
**fields of Reference Materials and Measurements carried out by the Central**
**Bureau for Nuclear Measurements, notably in the following areas:**

_**Preparation,**_ _**Characterization and Certification of**_ _**Samples;**_

_**Long-lived or Stable Isotope**_ _**Mass**_ _**Spectrometry;**_

_**Nuclear Data Measurements and Evaluation;**_

_**Radionuclide Metrology;**_

_**Applied Radiation Techniques.**_

**Research also in the growing application of these specialized techniques to**
**non-nuclear areas will capitalize on the existing experimental facilities**
**including the particle** **accelerators.Furthermore,** **specific prenormative**
**research activities will be continued in the fields of Reliability of Structures**
**and on a lesser scale in renewable Energies (Photovoltaic); the latter activity**
**being centred around the utilisation of the existing European Solar Test**
**Installation** **(ESTI).** _**Research and Reliability of**_ _**Structures**_ **will be refocussed**
**on the use of the new Reaction Wall facility. This installation is unique in**
**Europe, fully complementary with other means of research in Member**
**States,** **and a multinational programme for its utilisation has been agreed.**

**9**

**Other significant activities with national participation are performed in the areas**
**of life prediction of structures and the evaluation of their lifetime in service.**

**Seen as a whole, these activities are related to the** **IRDAC** **initiative to trigger**
**enhanced community research in prenormative fields.**

**17.** **In the field of** _**Environment.**_ **JRC contributions supporting the**
**implementation of Community environment policy are envisaged in three**
**areas:**

**Participation in** _**Global Change**_ **Programmes;**

_**Technologies and Engineering for the Environment**_ and

_**Research on Economic and**_ _**Social**_ _**Aspects.**_

**In** **the** _**Global Change**_ **area, emphasis will be placed on a strong cooperation**
**with laboratories and institutes in the Member States and at the**
**international level, the JRC contribution will mainly concern:**

_Modelling and Air Pollution_ _Transport;_

_Air Chemistry linked notably to the fate of biogenic and_ _anthropogenic_
_emissions;_

_Biosphere-Atmosphere_ _Interaction;_

_Related applications_ _of remote sensing which_ _will_ _focus on_ _the_
_interactions between land and ocean surface parameters and climate._
_It_ _is furthermore_ _aimed towards the development_ _of remote sensing_
_methods applied to critical components of global change._

Activities under the heading of _**Technologies and Engineering for the**_
_**Environment**_ **will mainly concern:**

_**Environmental Chemicals**_ **(migration and transformation in soil and**
**their impact on** **çjround** **water, harmonization of analytical methods**
**for water analysis, development of a mobile laboratory for in field**
**analysis of contaminants in soil and water, characterization of algal-**
**blooms, biomonitoring of environmental chemicals, trace metal**
**exposures and human** **diseases,** **risk evaluation of environmental**
**chemicals); these activities will notably be aligned towards chemical**
**waste problems;**

_The further development_ _of techniques and systems to protect_ _the_
_environment,_ _more specifically, systems to prevent or mitigate_ _process_
_and equipment failures in the chemical and process industry;_

_Environmental_ _monitoring_ _through_ _remote sensing focussing_ _on_
_advanced_ _techniques._

8

A major concentration of new and existing contributions by the JRC to the
field of environment should be achieved by establishing within the JRC,
together with the European Space Agency (ESA), a Centre for Earth
Observation (CEO). The JRC part of the Centre will be set up through active
collaboration between the relevant Institutes, i.e. the Institute for Remote
Sensing Applications, the Institute for Systems Engineering and Informatics
and the Environment Institute.

The main objective of this Centre will be to provide an effective network for
the full exploitation of the earth observation data including that obtained
by spaceborne sensors. Its activities would include archiving, processing,
validation and standardization of global environmental data. The work
would be undertaken in collaboration with the ESA and national
organisations and would help to provide adequate and timely information
on the state of the environment as needed, by the European Environment
Agency for example. The establishment of the Centre would require a series
of preparatory phases beginning in 1992 and completed with prototype
implementations in 1993-1994 aiming at full operation in the following
programme period. During the preparatory phases 1992-1994 of the CEO,
the Institutes could contribute to prototype studies based on thematic
applications (e.g. ongoing projects like TREES, OCEAN and MARS:
Monitoring Agriculture with Remote Sensing) in order to fully test the
requirements for CEO.

_Research on_ _**Economic and Social Aspects**_ will relate essentially to risk
management and conventional industrial safety such as the development of
decision support systems for plant safety, plant emergency management
and territorial risk management.

The existing work on _Reliability, Risk Assessment and Accident_ _Management_
will be strengthened.

Considering the interdisciplinary character of safety-related problems and
the research required for their solution, the above _wo_ _[ri]_ _<_ together with
other related research work, should give rise to the establishment, within
the JRC, of a European Office for Safety which would act via executive
centres such as:

a Centre for Accident Analysis focussing its attention on the
development and verification of reference calculation tools in those
areas where the complexity and nature of events to be analysed
demand an harmonized approach in the Community countries;

a Structural Integrity Centre which would address the accident
prevention issue in the following areas: validation and further
improvement of construction norms and standards, structural
diagnostic and reliability and validation and harmonization of
inspection procedures;

an Accident M a n a g e m e n t Centre w h i c h s h o u l d p r o v i d e
response/rescue organizations with information and -esearch results
quickly available to help in an actual emergency, plus the data
acquisition and management to facilitate post-accident analysis and
mitigation. One area of particular concern should be the
transportation of hazardous material.

###### **11**

**- 9 -**

**In** **addition to research, development and support, the Office would provide**
**education and training in each of the above areas and establish data**
**collection, interpretation and distribution facilities where necessary.**

**When established, the Office, based on an intimate collaboration between**
**the relevant JRC Institutes, would become the point of contact and common**
**interface for national organisations, in particular public authorities and**
**industries and for support to other Commission services including DGs V**
**and** **XI.**

**18.** **In the field of** _**Nuclear**_ _**Fission Safety**_ **contributions are envisaged in the**
**following areas with the objective of enhancing scientific and technical**
**knowledge in this field:**

_**Reactor Safety;**_

_**Sa**_ _**feguards and**_ _**Fissile Materials**_ _**Management;**_

_**Radioactive Waste Management and**_

_**Actinides**_ _**in Nuclear Fuel**_ _**Cycle**_ _**Safety.**_

_**Reactor Safety**_

**The JRC activities will concentrate on** **:**

_Accident Prevention Studies;_

_Severe Accident_ _Studies_ _participating_ _in risk assessment_ _and_
_concentrating_ _on the study of phenomena_ _using the_ _**FARO**_ _facility at_
_Ispra_ _and sharing the_ _PHEBUS PFproject_ _at Cadarache (CEA - France)._

_**Safeguards and**_ _**Fissile**_ _**Materials Management**_

**The Safeguards and Fissile Materials Management research activities will be**
**structured into three main areas:**

_Development of Nuclear Materials_ _Measurements;_

_Development of Containment and Surveillance Techniques;_

_Integration_ _of Safeguards Measures._

**This research conducted in networks of collaborating national laboratories,**
**underpins and provides timely results on the conception of new techniques**
**essential for the fulfilment** **OT** **the Commission's obligations for Safeguards**
**in the Community and the agreement with the International Atomic Energy**
**Agency (IAEA).**

_**Radioactive Waste Management**_

**JRC activities on radioactive waste management have two objectives:**

_to support the present strategy of Member States, which aims at the_
_disposal of radioactive_ _waste resulting_ _from fuel reprocessing_ _(or_
_directly_ _disposing spent fuels considered as a waste) in_ _geological_
_formations;_

_**12**_

10

_**to carry out research on management strategies which**_ _**may**_ _**lead to a**_
_**diminution of waste arising in future fuel cycle installations, thus**_
_**mitigating the acceptability problems of final waste disposal.**_

_**Actinides in Nuclear Fuel Cycle Safety**_

It is proposed to continue research carried out thus far under the heading
_**"Nuclear**_ _**Fuels and Actinide Research"**_ **with a new programme entitled**
_**"Actinides in Nuclear Fuel**_ _**Cycle**_ _**Safety".**_

Specifically, the programme for 1992-1994 will focus on the following
subjects:

_**Safety studies of nuclear fuel behaviour**_ _**(UO2**_ _**and**_ _**MOX)**_ _**at extended**_
_**burn-up, under transient, off-normal and accident conditions;**_

_**Basic**_ _**physico-chemical and solid state**_ _**studies**_ _**on**_ _**ac:**_ _**^ides;**_

_**Study of nuclear**_ _**aerosols;**_

_**Mitigation of the minor actinides and other long-lived**_ _**radioactive**_
_**nuclides arising in the nuclear fuel**_ _**cycle;**_

_**Plutonium fuel technology (minor activity aimed at**_ _**maintaining**_
_**competence in the field).**_

19. In the field of _**Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion**_ the JRC activities will be
largely oriented towards the objective of improving the knowledge base of
those aspects of fusion machines which are related to safety and
environmental problems as requested by the European Fusion Programme.
The most significant facility for this purpose at the JRC is ETHEL, the
laboratory for handling tritium which is c -rently reaching completion at
Ispra.

The JRC effort will be focussed on the Su jrt to the Next Step (NET/ITER),
namely:

_**acquisition of data and execution of tests in order to define**_ _**the**_
_**methods and procedures for safe handling of tritiated**_ _**systems**_ _**during**_
_**operation and for storage and**_ _**disposal**_ _**of tritiated wastes by use of the**_
_**European Tritium Handling Experimental Laboratory**_ _**(ETHEL);**_

_**contribution to design and safety**_ _**analyses ofin-vessel**_ _**components;**_

_**development of tools and procedures for remote operation of reactor**_
_**components;**_

_**evaluation, testing and establishment of a data base**_ **[ f r]** _**structural**_
_**materials properties and nuclear data**_

Long term studies will involve:

_**development of low activation materials;**_

**13**

**11**

**20.** **The JRC will contribute to the** _**Human Capital and Mobility**_ **theme of the**
**Framework Programme by providing such opportunities as:**

_periods of attachment_ _for training_ _and new perspectives_ _(mobility)_ _for_
_promising young researchers, notably at the post-doctoral_ _level, selected in_
_agreement with national research centres and laboratories participating_ _in_
_the Human capital and Mobility_ _Programme and with whom the JRC has_
_established_ _collaboration._ _The action is thus contributing_ _both to the_
_training and mobility_ _of young researchers in Europe and to the_ _creation_
_and consolidation_ _of scientific and technological_ _cooperation_ _networks_ _of_
_research teams and laboratories._ _The training_ _will be concentrated_ _on_
_advanced_ _research_ _topics and research_ _requiring_ _access to_ _unique_
_experimental_ _facilities, while respecting the subsidiarity_ _principle._

**This important flow of research trainees will also be offered, during their**
**stay at the JRC, additional opportunities to become acquainted with the**
**European dimension of research, Community policies and a multi-cultural**
**environment, which is an important side benefit much appreciated by past**
**and present JRC visiting researchers.**

_**SCIENTIFIC**_ _**AND**_ _**TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE**_ _**COMMISSION**_

**21.** **The above-cited Council Resolution (section 13 above) formalized work**
**undertaken by the JRC as "scientific and technological support for the**
**Commission", for other services. In the 1988-1991 Multiannual period, this**
**group of activities has enjoyed a steadily increasing popularity and, with**
**expenditure for the period estimated at 131 Mioecu, has outgrown the**
**original budgetary predictions (120 Mioecu). Much attention has been paid**
**to applying the customer/contractor principle to all work undertaken and a**
**formal contract is drawn up between the JRC and the "client" Directorate**
**General or Service for all except the most minor matters. The success of this**
**exercise leads to the conclusion that the JRC is bringing a significant**
**contribution to the Commission's much larger requirements for expert**
**assistance and consultancy. The same tested formula will be applied to the**
**period 1992-1994 with emphasis on:**

**the reinforcement of the customer/contractor principle, notably**
**through the assurance that all foreseeable multiannual operations are**
**covered by a multiannual contract calling for precise work assignment**
**and accountability with the customer Directorate-General, and that**
**major multiannual projects are covered by a Council Decision or by a**
**Commission decision upon the initiative of the customer Directorate-**
**General.** **This is currently the case with one project for the Directorate-**
**General for Agriculture and the Statistical Office, while plans are under**
**way for a Commission Decision on new work for the Safeguards**
**Directorate under the Directorate-General for Energy;**

**conversely, a decision that other requests, mostly of a consultancy type,**
**are limited to those of a clear temporary basis and for which a**
**subsidiarity principle could apply.**

**Amongst the new activities for 1992-1994 are the operations of a Centre for**
**Validation of Alternative Testing Methods (i.e. alternative to animal tests in**
**toxicology) as support to DG XI and operations of on-site safeguards**
**laboratories as support to DG XVII.**

###### **14**

**-12**

_**CONTRACTUAL WORK**_ _**FOR EXTERNAL**_ _**THIRD**_ _**PARTIES**_

**22.** **At the same time when instituting the other JRC activities, the Council, in its**
**Resolution, believed that contractual work for external third parties should**
**be developed, thus demonstrating the customer/contractor principle under**
**the most stringent conditions in the Community and in world scientific**
**markets.** **Although the initial target figures have proved to be over-**
**ambitious for 1988-1991 (52 Mioecu compared to the latest estimate of**
**40 Mioecu for the value of contracts signed during the period), much effort**
**has been applied and from the feedback received from JRC customers,**
**quality and speed of service are considered to be of a high order.**

**The Commission attaches great importance to the stimulation introduced by**
**this measure, bringing, as it does:**

**closer contact with the "real world";**

**measure of one's own competitiveness;**

**valorisation of existing potential additional income.**

**A new** **target** **has been set for 1992-1994 and to achieve it the JRC has**
**already strengthened its marketing efforts, both at Institute and central**
**levels.** **Classical marketing activities, however, are not enough; to fulfil the**
**role of the JRC, it is of paramount importance that the latter is perceived as a**
**partner, rather than a competitor, amongst national research laboratories.**
**This concern calls for new and imaginative schemes for joint marketing with**
**national partners, as described in Section 25 below.**

_**EXPLORATORY**_ _**RESEARCH**_

**23.** **Another new group of activities now reaching maturity is exploratory**
**research,** **previously termed "preparatory research". Projects under this**
**heading have the purpose of:**

**the improvement of scientific vitality and potential;**

**the exploration of suitable and promising avenues;**

**the testing of new ideas or concepts on a small experimental scale;**

**the provision of additional facilities for visiting scientists and research**
**fellows;**

**the enhancement of the impact of industrial club activities.**

**Due account of the value of this task, as emphasized by the Board of**
**Governors, is reflected in the setting of levels of activity for** **1** **c** **^.-1994.**

_**EXPLOITATION AND DISSEMINATION OF**_ _**RESEARCH RESULTS**_

**24/** **The exploitation and dissemination of the research results will continue to**
**be performed in close coordination with the Directorate-General DG XIII**
**"Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation". Within** **the***
**JRC itself, a network should be constructed, linking** **well-focussed**
**information centres (such as the Information Centre for Advanced Materials**

###### **15**

**-13-**

or the Actinides Information Centre). This network could be extended to
include one or several information centre(s) for prenormative research in:

non-destructive evaluation techniques;

structure reliability and codes of practice;

measurement devices for pollution control;

and indeed the proposed Centre for Earth Observation.
Along the same lines it is planned to set up within the JRC a European Office
for Safety initially comprising the following units (which are described in
Section 17;):

a Centre for Accident Analysis;

a Structural Integrity Centre;

an Accident Management Centre.

The exploitation and dissemination of research results received a new scope
with the Framework Programme 1990-1994 and 1% of all resources were
assigned to this. The task for the dissemination and valorisation of scientific
results is, by decision of the Commission, conferred to the DirectorateGeneral XIII.

25. Closely related to the exploitation of research results is the question of a
possible JRC role in product or process innovation. While adhering to the
view that an institution such as the JRC should conduct research
predominantly on the basis of external pull, a certain amount of R&D which
has the character of technology push is reasonable. Exploratory research can
be an important source of this.

Innovative R&D requires a positive, motivating approach, an inventiveness,
and an awareness of the market place. Clearly this is an activity more
appropriate to industry's involvement in product development and
marketing. Nevertheless, there is scope for the encouragement of
innovative R&D in the JRC; for one reason, the successful outcome of an
innovative piece of R&D which eventually becomes expressed in the form of
industrial products, can attract an enormous amount of positive publicity for
the Centre, and can generate considerable income.

The JRC approach should be to encourage creativity and the maturing of
ideas even to the point of a prototype where industrial firms may become
interested in picking up these ideas and converting them into profitable
products. This approach is now commonly accepted in most research
organisations. The important thing here is not to try to develop innovative
research as a new category of R&D, but for management within the
Institutes to spot ideas and encourage the staff to develop the innovative
potential of them.

_**COMMON**_ _**RESEARCH FACILITIES**_

26. The highly specialized and in some cases unique facilities of the JRC
constitute one of the most important assets of the organization. They
represent a considerable investment and in some cases their operations are

###### **16**

**14-**

quite costly, notably in the case of the nuclear installations. Yet, installations
on a European scale and with a high degree of speciality, which contribute
to reduce duplications in the Community, are an important part of the remit
of the Centre and their very existence may be one of the driving forces for
the future.

The Board of Governors therefore, quite naturally, keeps a constant watch
on the use and further development of the specialised facilities of the JRC.
Annual reports and other literature from the JRC aimed at a wider public
provide detailed information on these facilities and on their availability.
For strategic planning purposes - and without going into details in this
chapter - the following guidelines may be suggested :

it is a continuing remit of the JRC to construct and maintain specialised
facilities provided that:

         - the customer base for the facilities is properly and convincingly
assessed and identified at the time of conceiving the installation
and throughout its lifetime;

        - ;he customer base is the same as for all other JRC activities:
specific research programmes, support to the Commission and
contractual work for external third parties. Some installations,
however, may be seen as an element of the Centre's contribution
to economic and scientific cohesion in Europe, but here again the
customer base must be clearly identified for the particular
installation in question.

27. A separate, but related issue, is that of JRC sites offering to host unique
facilities, built by national or private organisations but conceived as "open
shops", accessible to any partner inside the Community. This applies also to
facilities developed as European Joint Ventures.

JRC sites can provide these "joint" facilities with appropriate technical
support and scientific environments but would not intervene in their
management, which remains independent. Visitors using these facilities can
benefit from other services of the JRC, for instance in areas of training and
education.

_**COLLABORATION WITH NATIONAL**_ _**RESEARCH**_

28. The JRC should contribute to the development of intra-European
cooperation and to the harmonious growth of all regions of the Community.
This is already achieved through a series of formal and informal
collaboration agreements with national research laboratories and can be
further developed through active collaboration with public and private
scientific organisations in all the Member States of the Community, notably
by hosting at the JRC individual scientific visitors, grantholders and seconded
national experts and by setting-up networks of associated laboratories. The
collaboration will be further strengthened by the participation in the
Human Capital and Mobility Programme.

Some of the agreements concluded with national laboratories call for joint
marketing of collective competences and joint execution of research under
contract with third parties. In one case this has led to plans for setting up a
European Economic Interest Grouping between the JRC and its partners

**17**

**-15**

comprising national research laboratories in materials research. This model
should also be followed in other fields and could lead to a further
consolidation of the significant and effective collaboration between the JRC
and its national partners.

A complementary way of strengthening the interaction with national
research to be considered could be to extend JRC activities to other locations
than the current four sites.

A straightforward extension according to the pattern adopted for the four
existing sites, i.e. full-bred new establishments, would raise difficulties,
notably from a financial and human resources' point of view. New sites
which would follow the current concept, would further strain the limited
personnel and budgetary resources of the JRC by adding significantly to its
overheads.

On the contrary, one should consider a new approach, i.e. the creation of
JRC Outposts, working in strong synergy with host laboratories in Member
States. Such outposts should be based on a strong motivation and mutual
interest from both the JRC and the host laboratory to conduct research
activities together. They should be created jointly by the JRC and a
Government, a Region or a Science Park, the host authorities bearing the
burden of infrastructure and subsequent running costs while JRC assigns a
full team of researchers and finances the scientific specific credits.

A JRC outpost could be created in a flexible way for a given period of time for the duration of joint experiments, for example - or on a more long-term
basis. The level of its staffing should be strictly determined by the research
requirements in each particular case, and may vary in time. Therefore,
contrary to the case for the already established sites, there will be no
concern for maintaining a minimum (and rather high) staff level to secure
proper continuity and significance of the operations. The JRC, in providing a
research team for an outpost, would not only bring a new dimension of
challenge to the researchers of the Centre, but would also offer a new
means of increasing mobility and would therefore secure the effective
transfer of knowledge between the JRC and national research communities.

In all cases, the tightest synergy with a well-established national activity
would be mandatory for the success of the operation.

Overall, an active outpost policy is felt to be a new way of strengthening the
ties with national research in the Member States, meeting the precise
requirements of specific regions, transferring the European vision and
approach to local actors. Implementation of this policy should be initiated
early in the 1992-1994 period.

_A BASE SCENARIO_ _**FOR JRC**_ _**2000**_

29. Following an exercise to establish a basic plan, the JRC management,
together with the Board of Governors, has elaborated different scenarios
for the evolution of the JRC up to the year 2000. These scenarios recognize
the continuation, on a long-term basis, of the current modes of operation:

specific research programmes under the Framework Programme;

scientific and technical support to the Commission services;

**18**

**16**

**contractual work for external third parties;**

**exploratory research.**

**Different ratios between these modes of operation have been considered,**
**going from the present mix to mixes where support to the Commission or**
**alternatively contractual work for external third parties become the**
**predominant activity of the JRC.**

**30.** **The conclusion of these discussions favoured an evolution towards a JRC**
**with a larger emphasis on the activity of scientific and technical support to**
**the Commission. It finds its justification in the growing complexity and**
**scope of scientific and technical issues to be faced by the Commission for the**
**implementation of Community policies in the** **1990's.** **This will imply**
**recourse to a wide range of competent bodies such as national or European**
**organisations, specialised agencies, including the JRC more closely linked**
**than ever to Directorates-General responsible for policy formulation and**
**implementation. An increase in real terms by about 30%** **for** **the 1992-1994**
**period from the 1991 level of Support to the Commission activities**
**represents this trend.**

**Another feature of the scenario is a JRC which maintains an important but**
**decreasing contribution to the successive Framework Programmes in areas**
**where the Community truly benefits from the impartial and independent**
**position of the JRC such as prenormative research on materials,**
**environmental research and the spectrum of safety and risk**
**assessment-oriented research. Furthermore, the Framework Programme**
**contributions comprise recognized central functions such as safeguards R &**
**D or actinides research and areas responding to Treaty obligations (Central**
**Bureau for Nuclear Measurements). These contributions are joined by the**
**important horizontal issue of human capital and mobility adding to the**
**scope of the Centre as a training ground for young researchers and**
**strengthening its collaboration with national research. All in all,** **the**
**Framework Programme task from the** **1988-1991** **ratio of 69% of the totality**
**of the JRC activities will diminish for the 1992-1994 period.**

**Contractual work for external third parties, with inclusion of the new**
**modalities of collaboration with national research laboratories (see sections**
**22 and 28), should continue to represent a notable task of the JRC in the**
**medium-term and in the long-term over the planning horizon, and certainly**
**account for some** **15-20%** **of the total activities of the Centre.**

**Finally, a relatively modest but not negligible share of the total activities**
**must continue to be devoted to exploratory research which is most essential**
**for maintaining the scientific vitality** **of** **the Centre and to ensure its**
**availability to take up new scientific challenges in line with foreseen new**
**demands.**

**The described proposals in the present document are elaborated as a first**
**step towards the realisation of this base scenario for** **JRC** **2000.**

**19**

**JIG.** **Q-**

**CHAPTER** **II**

##### **ORGANISATION** **AND** **RESOURCES**

**20**

**-17**

**ORGANISATION AND RESOURCES**

_**STRUCTURE**_

**The Commission intends to maintain the recently developed structure of the**
**JRC Institutes for the 1992-1994 Programme period, the present structure**
**being considered adequate.**

**An issue which requires constant attention is the achievement of a proper**
**balance between excessive centralisation and complete decentralisation.**
**Central functions should only remain when there is an economic advantage**
**in terms of staff or budget, when coherence with general rules must be**
**monitored and implemented and when the corporate image of the JRC is at**
**stake.**

**3.** **Equally, the proper interface between the Institutes is a matter for constant**
**surveillance particularly during periods where new programmes are under**
**consideration.** **In** **general, it will never be possible to reach a state in which**
**there is no need** **for** **Institutes to collaborate nor would that be desirable.**
**The important issue** **is** **that of collaboration and maintenance of a collegiate**
**concern in those projects, where a collaboration is necessary and to ensure**
**that the definition of responsibilities** **is** **completely clear.**

**4.** **The increasing autonomy of the Institutes has as a corollary, notably for the**
**Ispra** **based ones, a wish to perform a greater degree of the administration**
**themselves. Conversely, they will draw less on the central administrative**
**services. The first steps towards these ends have already been taken in the**
**financial field. All in ail, this trend does promise savings and rationalisation**
**in the overall administrative services of the JRC.**

**A new management accounting system is currently being implemented. Its**
**purpose is to establish the true cost of all the Centre's operations and set**
**their correct price. This in turn will allow the Institutes to establish better**
**the cost of all their activities, increase cost-awareness and provide a basis for**
**a wider internal customer/contractor relationship between the Institutes**
**and the internal central services.**

**The already established Management Efficiency Unit should contribute to a**
**continuing watch that the general services of the JRC provide the best**
**possible value for the resources available and contribute to the**
**establishment of the internal customer/contractor relationship between the**
**Institutes and central services.**

**At** **Ispra,** **the implementation of the new structure of Institutes, quite**
**naturally posed a series of** **infrastructure** **problems which even now are only**
**partially solved. Both for practical and psychological reasons, the various**
**components of each Institute should be physically grouped together as far as**
**is possible and economically feasible, thereby strengthening their individual.**
**identities.**

**21**

**-18**

**Table 1** **-** **Financial Resources** **(in** **Mioecu)**

(all amounts are given in current values)

Institute

for

Transuranium

Elements

60.39

2.97

**63.36**

2200

10.00

**95.36**

**95.36**

Institute

for

Advanced

Materials

65.34

11 88

2.97

80.19

1400

12.00

106.19

69.00

175.19

Environment

Institute

4.95

66.82

: 98

73.75

47.00

10.00

130.75

130.75

Institute for

Systems
Engineering

and

Informatics

4.95

8.91

11.88

16.83

11.88

3.96

58.41

39.00

12.00

109.41

109.41

Institute

for

Prospective
Technological

Studies

2.97

2.97

9.00

2.00

13.97

13.97

Central

Bureau for

Nuclear

Measure
ments

62.37

2.97

**65.34**

4.00

3.00

**72.34**

**72.34**

Institute

for

Remote

Sensing
Applications

36.63

2.97

39.60

37.00

4.00

80.60

80.60

Safety
Technology

Institute

1 98

17.82

33.17

87.12

16.83

3.96

160.88

18.00

15.00

193.88

193.88

_Materials_

_Working_ _Environment_

_Measurement_ _and_ _Testing_

_Environment_

_Fission_

_Fusion_

_Human Capital_

Framework Programme Total**

_S&T_ _Support_ _for the_ _Commission_

_Contractual Work_ _for_

_External Third Parties_

Total

_HFR Supplementary_ _Programme_

Grand Total

Total JRC

contributions*

65.34

11 88

89.10

148.50

164.34

40.59

24.75

**544.50**

190.00

68.00

**802.50**

**69.00**

**871.50**

**to**

credits for exploratory research are included in these figures

the figures for Framework Programme activities are given after subtraction of 1 % reserved
for the centralised action of dissemenation and exploitation of research results

**19-**

_**FINANCIAL**_ _**RESOURCES**_

_7._ The distribution of financial resources for the 1992-1994 Programme period
are given in Table 1 (on the preceding page) for the Framework Programme,
Support to the Commission and Contractual Work for External Third Parties.

The fourth activity - Exploratory Research - will be funded, after approval by
the Budgetary Authority, as follows:

6% of the Framework Programme Resources
3% of the Support to the Commission Resources*
3% of the Contractual Work for External Third Parties Resources* (outside

HFR Supplementary Programme)

Table 2 below provides a breakdown in percentages of the JRC activities in
1992-1994 as compared with the 1988-1991 period.

Table 2

1988-1991
Estimated

outcome

70.7

14.1

12.4

26.5

2.8

100.0

1992-1994

Plan

59

21

15.5

36.5

4.5

100.0

A. Specific Research Programmes

B. Contractual Work
B.1 S/T Support to the Commission
B.2 Work for external public or
private bodies (including HFR
supplementary programme)

Total

C. Exploratory Research

Total

1988-1991

Plan
(1988)

70.0

12.6

13.7

26.3

up to 3.7

100.0

The evolution as proposed here corresponds to a gradual transition towards
a distribution in conformity with the Base Scenario for JRC 2000 described in
the first chapter of the present document (Section 29).

_**HUMAN**_ _**RESOURCES**_

8. During the period 1988-1991, the total authorised statutory staff for the JRC
has been fixed at 2180 agents; this figure has been used for the staff table
which is approved for each budgetary exercise. Such a figure constitutes a
ceiling which has never been reached because it was agreed in 1988 to
reserve a part of the statutory staff credits for financing visiting scientists,
seconded national staff and grantholders; the amount set aside in this way
corresponded to the equivalent of financing about 100 statutory staff.

9. For the period 1992-1994, the situation will be different. Thanks to credits
available within the JRC part of the Human Capital and Mobility

- These two parts of the Exploratory Research Resources effectively represent incentives for the
Institutes to increase their activities under these headings. **23**

                               - 2 0 

programme, young visiting researchers will be paid directly by the specific
programme credits; it is foreseen that 200 of such young visiting researchers
will be hosted annually at the JRC for the period 1992-1994.

10. Senior Visiting Scientists and staff seconded from national organizations in
the Member States will still be financed within the envelope of statutory
staff credits. They are estimated at a total of 30 to 40 per year.

11. Taking into account this new situation as well as the level of credits which
can reasonably be devoted to staff expenditure within the total envelope of
JRC resources, it is foreseen to reduce the level of authorized statutory staff
to 2080 agents. Such a reduction responds to the wish of the European
Parliament to see a decrease in the margin between the authorized ceiling
and the effective level of staffing.

_**Early Retirement Measures**_

12. Following the encouragement in 1988 by some Member States, the JRC
examined with the Board of Governors the need for a scheme for early
retirements of JRC officials. Taking into account the age structure and the
scientific-technical competences necessary for the development of the JRC, it
was established that the scheme should allow for 30 departures in 1992, 25
in 1993 and 20 in 1994 of officials more than 55 years old and having
accomplished at least 15 years of service, with a profile taking into account
the needs of the JRC and notably at the more senior levels. The Commission
will present a separate proposal for this scheme.

_**DECISION MAKING AND CONSULTATIVE**_ _**STRUCTURES**_

_**The**_ _**JRC**_ _**Board of Governors**_

13. As part of the revitalisation of the JRC (COM(87)491 final/2), the Commission
proposed to give the JRC Board of Governors a more influential rôle in the
decision making process of the JRC. In particular, it is recognised that the
responsibility for formulating **and** carrying out research activities
corresponding to the objectives of the Framework Programme should be the
province of the JRC and its **Board** of Governors. This proposal has been
implemented by the Commission in June 1988 and the Board now plays a
central rôle in JRC managerial decisions. The Commission has expressed its
full appreciation of the **Board's work** and does not propose to make any
changes to the current arrangements.

_**The**_ _Advisory_ _**Committees for the Scientific Institutes**_

14. Most of the JRC Institutes now possess operational Advisory Committees and
the remaining ones will be established very shortly. The role of these
Committees is to ensure, through their opinions, that the work of the
Institutes is geared to the real requirements of their customers and users and
that a high scientific standard is maintained within the Institutes.

_**Contacts**_ _with_ _**other Bodies and Advisory Committees**_

15. Consultation of the Economic and Social Committee is obligatory under both
the EEC and Euratom Treaties.
**24**

**- 2 1 -**

**Under** **the EAEC Treaty,** **Euratom's** **Scientific and Technical Committee (STC)**
**will continue to be consulted on research programmes pursuant to the**
**Treaty. The STC will see that the themes** **selected** **for these programmes are**
**geared to the needs of the customer, who in this case is essentially the**
**Community at large.** **The Committee for Scientific and Technological**
**Research - CREST - will play its role of Adviser, both to the Commission and**
**the Council,** **in** **discussing the place of the JRC in the overall S & T policy of**
**the Community; it will also play a similar role to that of the STC for the**
**nuclear part,** **namely** **to ensure that the themes selected meet the customer's**
**(i.e.** **the Community) needs.**

**For the JRC's fusion activities, opinions will be obtained from the Fusion**
**Technology Steering Committee which covers all Community activities on**
**the subject.**

**Close coordination will be maintained with appropriate CGCs, CANs**
**(Committees of an Advisory Nature) or similar committees which will be**
**systematically provided with full information on JRC activities and results.**
**This will ensure, where necessary, coordination with shared-cost projects**
**and national activities in the same field.**

**For the HFR Supplementary Programme the existing ACPM (Advisory**
**Committee for Programme Management) will be continued.**

###### **25**

**SLA-** **a.**

**CHAPTER III**

##### **PROPOSALS FOR COUNCIL** **RESOLUTION AND DECISIONS**

**26**

**22**

COUNCIL RESOLUTION

of

concerning activities to be undertaken by the Joint Research Centre (JRC)

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,

Having regard to the Commission's communication entitled ... submitted to the Council on ...

Having regard to the Commission proposals concerning specific research and development
programmes to be executed by the Joint Research Centre for the implementation of the third
framework programme for Community activities in the field of research and technological
development (1990-1994).

Whereas, by its Resolution of 29 June 1988°' the Council defined the scope of activities to be
undertaken by the Joint Research Centre and indicated an estimation of the Centre's overall
expenditure for the period 1988-1991;

Whereas, a significant contribution by the Joint Research Centre to Community research and
technological development policy implies, in the long term, the redeployment of its fundamental
and applied research activities;

1. REAFFIRMS the Community character of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) and its role in
achieving the Community's aim of strengthening the scientific and technological basis of
European industry and encouraging it to become more competitive;

2. CONSIDERS that the JRC is called to contribute to the implementation of the framework
programme, particularly in those fields in which it can offer an impartial and independent
expert opinion for the benefit of all Community policies.

3. CONSIDERS that, with a view to contributing to the objective of the economic and social
cohesion of the Community, the JRC should also develop practical and significant initiatives
to reinforce collaboration with the research centres and laboratories of all Member States,
thereby assuming the role of catalyst of European scientific integration;

4. AFFIRMS that the JRC in its institutes, next to its task of executing specific research
programmes including exploratory research, should have an increasing task, utilizing the
facilities and manpower at its disposal, of strengthening and developing its work for other
Commission Services and contractual work for external third parties in those areas, where it
is competent to do so ;

5. URGES that during the 1992-1994 period the objectives of the JRC as well as its expenditure
should be defined in conformity with the annex.

6. INVITES the Commission to include appropriate information on all the aforementioned
categories of activity in the annual implementation report which it is called upon to submit
to the European Parliament and the Council.

(1) OJ No C 197. 27. 7. 1988, p 4.
**27**

**23**

ANNEX

Estimate **of the Overall Expenditure of the** **JRC**
**(1992 to 1994)**

Implementation of the framework programme
by means of specific research programmes and
exploratory research:

EEC research programmes

(in million Ecu)

**339.57**

EAEC research programmes

Contractual Work

Scientific and technological support
for the Commission

Work to be financed by external
private or public bodies <*>

(*) Note: HFR = 69 million Ecu

**204.93**
Subtotal A 544.50 [(,) ]

190.0

Subtotal **B**

**Total**

1370

327.0

**871.5**

(1) An amount of Ecu 5.5 million, not included in the Ecu 544.5 million, is reserved for the
centralized action of dissemination and exploitation provided for in Article 4 of the Council
Decision of 23 April 1990 concerning the framework programme of Community activities in
the field of research and technological development ( 1990 to 1994)

**28**

**-24**

**Proposal** **for** **a**
**Council Decision**

**of**

**adopting specific research programmes to be implemented**

**by the Joint Research Centre for the**
**European Economic Community (1992 to 1994)**

(../.../EEC)

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular
Article 130q(2) thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission [(1)],

In cooperation with the European Parliament' [2] ',

Having regard to the opinion of **the Economic and Social** **Committee** **[13]** **',**

Whereas by its Decision **90/221/Euratom,** **EEC** **[(4]** **\** **the Council adopted a third Framework**
**Programme for Community activities in the field of research and technological development**
(1990-1994), specifying in **particular the** **activities** **to be pursued concerning enabling technologies,**
the **management of natural resources and the management of intellectual resources; whereas this**
Decision should **be** taken in the **light of the grounds set out in the preamble to that Decision;**

Whereas Article 130k of **the Treaty stipulates that the Framework Programme is to be**
implemented through specific **programmes developed within each** activity;

Whereas the Joint **Research Centre, as set out in Decision** **90/221/Euratom,** **EEC, is called on to**
**contribute to the implementation of the framework programme particularly in those fields** in
which it can **offer an impartial and independent expert opinion for the benefit of all Community**
policies;

Whereas **the** Joint **Research Centre can contribute to the realisation of said actions, particularly in**
the **fields of industrial and materials technologies, measurement and testing, human capital and**
mobility **and** in **the field of the environment;**

**Whereas** **in** **particular these actions should benefit from the setting-up, within the JRC, of a centre**
for earth observation **and of a European office for safety;**

Whereas the Joint **Research Centre with its laboratories and installations can provide an efficient**
point of assembly for the training **of** young **researchers;**

Whereas in the context of **these programmes it is desirable that an assessment be made of the**
economic and social impact **as well as of any technological risks;**

(1) OJNoC
**(2)** OJNoC
(3) OJNoC
(4) OJ No L 117, 8 5 1990, p. 28.
**29**

**25-**

Whereas pursuant to Article 4 and Annex I of Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC, the funds estimated
as necessary for the whole Framework Programme include an amount of ECU 57 million for the
centralized dissemination and exploitation of results, to be divided up in proportion to the
amount envisaged for each specific programme;

Whereas Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC provides that a particular aim of Community research must
be to strengthen the scientific and technological basis of European industry, and to encourage it
to become more competitive at the international level; whereas that Decision also provides that
Community action is justified where research contributes, inter alia, to the strengthening of the
economic and social cohesion of the Community and to the promotion of its overall harmonious
development, while being consistent with the pursuit of scientific and technical excellence;
whereas the Programmes of the Joint Research Centre should contribute to the achievement of
these objectives;

Whereas the Board of Governors of • - Joint Research Centre plays a significant part on one hand
in the administrative ^aeration of the Centre and on the other, in the implementation of its
research programmes;

Whereas the Scientific and Technical Research Committee (CREST) has been consulted,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

_Article 1_

The specific research and development programmes to be executed by the Joint Research Centre
for the European Economic Community in the fields of industrial and materials technology,
measurement and testing, environment as well as in the field of human capital and mobility, as
defined in Annex I, including exploratory research activities, are hereby adopted for a period
running from 1 January 1992 to 31 December 1994.

_Article 2_

1 The funds estimated as necessary for the execution of the programmes amount to

339.57 million Ecu.

2. An indicative allocation of funds is set out in Annex II.

3 Should the Council take a decision pursuant to Article 1, paragraph 4, of Decision
90/221/Euratom, EEC, this Decision shall be adapted accordingly.

_Article 3_

Detailed rules for the implementation of the programme are set out in Annex III.

_Article 4_

1 The Commission shall each year before 31 March submit to the European Parliament and
the Council a report on the implementation of this Decision.

2. This report shall be accompanied by the observations of the board of governors. The latter,
may also submit through the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council a separate
report on any aspect of the implementation of this Decision.

**30**

**26**

_Article_ _**S**_

1 Research carried out by the Joint **Research Centre** will be evaluated by a group of
independent external experts **set** up **by the Commission after consulting the board of governors.**
**A** report on the subject shall **be established at the end of the programmes.**

2 The evaluation report, **accompanied by the opinion of the board of governors of the Joint**
**Research Centre, shall be transmitted by the Commission to Parliament and the Council.**

_**Article 6**_

The reports referred to in Articles **4** and **5 shall be established having regard to the objectives set**
out in Annex I to this Decision **and** in **accordance with Article 2 (4), of Decision 90/221/Euratom,**
EEC.

_**Article 7**_

1 The Commission, assisted **by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre,** shall **be**
responsible **for** carrying **out this Decision and to that end shall call upon the services of the Joint**
**Research Centre in which is vested the** **responsibility** **for the formulation and execution of research**
activities **responding to the objectives of the Framework Programme.**

**2.** The **Commission, in cooperation with the board of governors, shall ensure periodical**
**consultation** **with** **relevant Committees to ensure coordination between shared cost actions and**

those of the Joint **Research Centre in the same areas with the aim of ensuring a coherent**
approach.

_**Article 8**_

The Commission shall **decide on the terms of reference of the board of governors.**

**Art»c/e** **9**

The Commission is **authorized to negotiate, in accordance with Article 130n of the Treaty,**
international **agreements with third country members of COST, in particular member countries of**
the **European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and Central and Eastern European Countries, with a**
view **to associating them with all or part of the programmes.**

_**Article**_ _**W**_

This decision is **addressed to the Member States.**

Done at

**For** _**the Council**_

_**The President**_

**31**

**-27**

**ANNEX** **I**

**Scientific and technical objectives**

**The specific research** **programmes,** **executed for the EEC, fully reflect the approach embodied in**
**the Third Framework Programme in terms of the scientific and technical goals and the underlying**
**aims which it pursues.**

**Paragraphs 2a and c, 3a, b and d and 6 of Annex II of the Framework Programme form an integral**
**part of the present JRC multiannual programme.**

**The following presents a summary of the objectives of the programmes based on and taking into**
**account the above elements.**

**I.** **Enabling Technologies**

**2.** **industrial** **and Materials Technologies**

**The objective is to provide a contribution to the strengthening of European**
**industry and its working environment by extending its scientific base through**
**research and development work.** **Next to basic technological research, the**
**emphasis will be on the acquisition of the scientific and technical knowledge**
**needed in order to establish standards and codes of good practice facilitating the**
**transfer of technologies, and the harmonization of methods of measurement and**
**testing.**

**Working environment: this activity will be devoted to pre-normative research on**
**subjects such as toxicology and occupational health, occupational accident**
**research and risk prevention in collaboration with national research and with the**
**aim of assuring the transfer of new knowledge to Community and national**
**regulatory authorities.**

**Materials: Research will be oriented towards areas which all have a strong**
**prenormative dimension and represent important enabling technologies for a**
**whole range of advanced industrial applications. Projects have the objective of**
**helping to ensure that Community manufacturing industry has better access to a**
**range of cost-effective, well-characterized advanced materials and that these**
**materials are incorporated into high performance components. The activity also**
**provides a focal point for the exchange of information on prenormative research**
**on advanced materials. The research supported by unique facilities at the JRC will**
**be conducted in close contact with manufacturing and user industries and**
**furthermore aim at supporting wider European and International standardisation**
**efforts in the vast field of new materials.**

**Measurement and testing: this centres around activities in both the nuclear and**
**non-nuclear field of Reference Materials and Measurements carried out by the**
**Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements. Research in the growing application of**
**these specialized techniques to non-nuclear areas will capitalize on existing**
**experimental facilities including the particle accelerators.** **The objective is to**
**ensure the availability of up to date methods and reference materials for industry,**
**standardisation bodies and national and Community authorities.** **A similar**
**objective will be the pursuit of specific prenormative research activities in the**
**fields of Reliability of Structures, notably oriented towards the building and**
**construction industries, in extensive collaboration with national research and**
**focussing both on theoretical models and exploitation of experimental facilities,**
**and on a lesser scale, in renewable Energies (Photovoltaic) centred around the**
**existing facilities for testing and measurement.** **Q 9**

**5)**

**28**

il Management of Natural Resources

3 Environment

The objective is to provide a contribution to the scientific knowledge, technical
know-how and data needed by the Community, in particular to carry out its role
with regard to the environment, as spelt out in Title VII of the EEC Treaty, and with
particular emphasis on prenormative work.

Protection of the environment: prenormative research on atmospheric chemistry,
modelling of air pollution transport, research on biosphere-atmosphere
interaction, notably as a contribution to the global change programmes, in
collaboration with national research. Development of techniques and systems to
protect and rehabilitate the natural environment, with emphasis on engineering
and techniques for monitoring the environment, and research on treatment of
toxic waste, of contaminated soils and of waste water

Acquisition, validation, storage of data relevant to the above research, and
making such data available to public and private bodies.

Applications of remote sensing: research, with development of techniques for
applications of data derived from earth observation satellites, on environmental
mapping and monitoring, particularly of less favoured areas of the Community.
Application of similar techniques as a contribution to global change programmes
with emphasis on the monitoring of marine environment and on processes related
to large scale changes in terrestrial ecosystems. Development of a series of
advanced techniques, their technologies and engineering, for use in connection
with the exploitation of new earth observation systems, including microwave
remote sensing, imaging spectroscopy and data processing

The research on environmental technologies and engineering will underpin the
contribution to the European Environment Agency with development of new
instruments and trial techniques, to the harmonization of methods of
measurement and to intercalibration.

The research and application of remote sensing techniques will be performed in
collaboration with national research and users, and in collaboration with the
European Space Agency.

The above-described data-oriented activities will be concentrated around a Centre

for Earth Observation to be established in harmony with the European Space
Agency and national organisations with the aim of providing adequate and timely
information on the state of the environment. The preparatory phases and
prototype implementation for this Centre are included in the 1992-1994
programme period

Industrial hazards: prenormative research on reliability of systems and on studies
of the assessment and management of technological risks, including use of
experimental facilities for assessing such risks and investigating accidents. This will
include the development of decision support systems for plant safety, plant
emergency management and territorial risk management. In order to accelerate
the interaction with national research and facilitate the transfer of knowledge to
industry and national and Community authorities, there will be established, within
the JRC, a European Office for Safety acting initially through three executive
centres for accident analysis, accident management and structural integrity, the
latter will also draw upon the research performed under measurement and
testing.

**v** **o**

**29**

6. Human Capital and Mobility

The objective is to provide a particular contribution to help increase the human
capital in terms of research and technological development, which the Members
States will be needing for the next decade, and to focus on the interaction and
collaboration between national teams and laboratories in all Member States and

the JRC.

Actions will be chiefly aimed at training young researchers embarking on careers
in research and technological development by offering them temporary
attachment to the JRC institutes and embedding them in research teams working
in collaboration with national teams and laboratories in all Member States on

projects both of a theoretical nature or on the utilization of existing or new
experimental facilities. A particular emphasis will be paid to the mobility between
the national teams and laboratories and the JRC institutes with concertation on

the choice of joint projects within the area of research of the national teams and
laboratories and the JRC and a joint selection mechanism for the young
researchers to benefit from the scheme.

While encompassing collaboration with all Member States, account must be taken
of demographic factors and of the research and training structures peculiar to the
various States, to help each of them to acquire the best possible capabilities.

**34**

**30**

**ANNEX** **II**

**Amounts deemed necessary for specific programmes with indicative**
**breakdown of expenditures for the period** **1992-1994**

I. ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES

2 Industrial and Materials Technologies

Industrial and materials **technologies** **77.22 million** **Ecu'"**

Measurement **and Testing** **89.10 million** **Ecu** **[11]** **'**

II MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL **RESOURCES**

3 Environment

Environment **148.50 million** **Ecu** **[0]** **'**

III- **MANAGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL RESOURCES**

6 Human Capital and Mobility

Human Capital **and** Mobility **24.75 million** **Ecu** **[0]** **'**

**TOTAL** **339.57** **million** **Ecu** **[<2]** **'**

**(** **1 )** **An** amount **equivalent to 6% of these amounts may be used for exploratory research.**

**(2)** **An** amount **of 3.43 million Ecu not included in the 339.57 million Ecu is reserved, as a**
**contribution from the specific programmes of the present decision, for the centralized action**
on **dissemination** **and exploitation of results.**

**35**

**31-**

**ANNEXIII**

**Rules for implementing the programmes and activities**
**for dissemination and exploitation of the results**

**The Commission, assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre, shall**
**implement the programmes on the basis of the scientific and technical objectives and**
**content described in Annex** **I.**

**The rules for implementing the programmes, referred to in Article 3, comprise research and**
**technological development projects and accompanying measures.**

**The projects shall be the subject of research and technological development performed in**
**the relevant** **Institutes** **of the** **JRC** **(Joint Research Centre).**

**The** **institutes** **of the JRC shall endeavour, whenever feasible, to execute the projects in**
**proper collaboration and in concert with national research bodies in the Member States.**
**Particular attention will be paid to associations with industry, notably with small and**
**medium sized enterprises in collaborative schemes around the projects. In the same way,**
**research bodies established in Third Countries having concluded international agreements**
**with the European Community in accordance with Article** **130n** **of the Treaty, may also**
**collaborate on the projects.**

**4.** **The accompanying measures shall include:**

**the organization of** **seminars,** **workshops and scientific conferences;**

**the activities of internal coordination, including the organization of particular**
**internal centres, which ensure homogeneity of the approach and a unique common**
**interface to the** **users** **of and partners in the projects;**

**the activities of specialized training with accent** **on** **multidisciplinarity;**

**a system for information exchange;**

**the promotion of the exploitation of the research results**

**the scientific and strategic independent evaluation of the performance of the**
**projects and the programmes.**

**5** **The dissemination of the knowledge gained through the realization of the projects will be**
**done on the one hand by the** **programmes** **themselves, and on the other hand by the**
**centralized action** **as** **described in** **Artid** **4, paragraph** **3** **of the decision** **90/211/Euratom/EEC.**

**36**

**-32-**

Proposal for a
Council Decision

of

adopting specific research programmes to be implemented

by the Joint Research Centre for the
European Atomic Energy Community **(1992** to **1994)**

(.../.../Euratom)

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, and in
particular Article 7 thereof,

Having regard to*the proposal from the Commission submitted after consultation of the Scientific
and Technical Committee [11] ',

Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament [12] ',

Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee [13] ',

Whereas by its Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC' [4] ', the Council adopted a third Framework
Programme for Community activities in the field of research and technological development
(1990-1994), specifying in particular the activities to be pursued concerning the management of
natural resources; whereas this Decision should be taken in the light of the grounds set out in the
preamble to that Decision;

Whereas, for activities falling under the EAEC Treaty, Article 2 of the Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC
provides for the implementation of the third Framework Programme through programmes
adopted in accordance with Article 7 of the said Treaty;

Whereas the Joint Research Centre, as set out in Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC, is called on to
contribute to the implementation of the framework programme particularly in those fields in
which it can offer an impartial and independent expert opinion for the benefit of all Community
policies;

Whereas the Joint Research Centre can contribute to the realisation of said actions, particularly in
the fields of research in nuclear fission safety and controlled thermonuclear fusion, especially
concerning prenormative aspects;

Whereas in the context of these programmes it is desirable that an assessment be made of the
economic and social impact as well as of any technological risks;

Whereas pursuant to Article 4 and Annex I of Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC, the funds estimated
as necessary for the whole Framework Programme include an amount of ECU 57 million for the
centralized dissemination and exploitation of results, to be divided up in proportion to the
amount envisaged for each specific programme;

(1) OJNoC
(2) OJNoC
(3) OJNoC
(4) OJ No L 117, 8. 5 1990, p. 28. **37**

**33**

Whereas Decision 90/221/Euratom, EEC provides that a particular aim of Community research must
be to strengthen the scientific and technological basis of European industry, and to encourage it
to become more competitive at the international level; whereas that Decision also provides that
Community action is justified where research contributes, inter alia, to the strengthening of the
economic and social cohesion of the Community and to the promotion of its overall harmonious
development, while being consistent with the pursuit of scientific and technical excellence;
whereas the Programmes of the Joint Research Centre should contribute to the achievement of
these objectives;

Whereas the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre plays a significant part on one hand
in the administrative operation of the Centre and on the other, in the implementation of its
research programmes;

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

_Article 1_

The specific research and development programmes to be executed by the Joint Research Centre
for the European Atomic Energy Community in the fields of research in nuclear fission safety and
controlled nuclear fission, especially concerning prenormative aspects, as defined in Annex I,
including exploratory research activities, are hereby adopted for a period running from
1 January 1992 to 31 December 1994.

Art/c/e2

1 The funds estimated as necessary for the execution of the programmes amount to
ECU 204 93 million.

2 An indicative allocation of funds is set out in Annex II.

3 Should the Council take a decision pursuant to Article 1 (4), of Decision 90/221/Euratom,
EEC, this Decision shall be adapted accordingly.

_Article 3_

Detailed rules for the implementation of the programmes are set out in Annex III.

_Article 4_

1 The Commission shall each year before 31 March submit to the European Parliament and
the Council a report on the implementation of this Decision.

2. This report shall be accompanied by the observations of the board of governors. The latter
may also submit through the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council a separate
report on any aspect of the implementation of this Decision.

_Article_ _5_

1. Research carried out by the Joint Research Centre will be evaluated by a group of
independent external experts set up by the Commission after consulting the board of governors.
A report on the subject shall be established at the end of the programmes.

**38**

**34**

2 The evaluation report, **accompanied by the opinion of the board of governors of the Joint**
Research Centre, shall **be transmitted by the Commission to Parliament and the Council.**

_**Article 6**_

The reports referred **to** in **Articles 4 and 5 shall be established having regard to the objectives set**
out in Annex I **to** this Decision **and** in **accordance with Article 2** **(4),** **of Decision 90/221/Euratom,**

EEC.

**Art;c7e** **7**

1 The Commission, **assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre, shall be**
responsible for carrying **out this Decision and to that end shall call upon the services of the Joint**
Research Centre in which is **vested the responsibility for the formulation and execution of research**
activities responding to objectives **of the Framework Programme.**

2 The Commission, in **cooperation with the board of governors, shall ensure periodical**
consultation **with relevant Committees to ensure coordination between shared cost actions and**

**those of the Joint Research Centre in the same areas with the aim of ensuring a coherent**
approach.

_**Article 8**_

The Commission **shall decide on the terms of reference of the board of governors.**

_**Article 9**_

The Commission **is** **authorized to negotiate, in accordance with Article 101, second indent of the**
Treaty, international **agreements, notably with third country members of COST, especially**
member **countries of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and Central and Eastern**
**European** **Countries,** **with a view to associating them with all or part of the programmes.**

_**Article 10**_

This decision is **addressed to the Member States.**

Done at

**for** _**the Council**_

_**The President**_

**39**

**-35-**

**ANNEX**

**Scientific and technical objectives**

**The specific research programmes, executed for the EAEC, fully reflect the approach embodied in**
**the Third Framework Programme in terms of the scientific and technical goals and the underlying**
**aims which it pursues.**

**Paragraphs 5b and 5c of Annex II of the Framework Programme form an integral part of the**
**present JRC multiannual programme.**

**The following presents a summary of the objectives of the programmes based on and taking into**
**account the above elements.**

**II** **Management of Natural Resources**

**5** **Energy**

**Nuclear Fission Safety: the aim is to support Member States in the fulfilment of**
**their responsibilities for regulating and protecting the environment and**
**responding to Treaty obligations.** **The particular work underlining the**
**prenormative dimension will contribute to the enhancement of scientific and**
**technical knowledge related to reactor safety by the conduction of accident**
**prevention research and severe accident studies, participating in the development**
**of risk assessment methods and techniques and concentrating on the study of**
**phenomena by using an existing JRC experimental installation and by sharing a**
**national research facility.** **In the area of safeguards and fissile materials**
**management, the research conducted in networks of national laboratories**
**underpins and aims at the provision of timely results or new techniques essential**
**for fulfilling Treaty obligations for safeguards, as well as those of the Non-**
**Proliferation Treaty.** **Work will include nuclear materials measurements,**
**containment and surveillance techniques and the integration of safeguards**
**measures. JRC objectives in the area of radioactive waste management are to**
**support the present strategy of the Member States, aiming at the disposal of**
**radioactive waste in geological formations and to carry out research on**
**management strategies which may lead to a diminution of waste arising from**
**future fuel cycle installations. Research conducted in collaboration with national**
**laboratories will benefit from existing and newly constructed experimental**
**facilities.**

**Activities in the nuclear fuel cycle safety area will focus on safety studies**
**concerning nuclear fuel behaviour, basic studies on actinides, study of nuclear**
**aerosols, together with the mitigation of the minor actinides and other long-lived**
**radioactive nuclides in the nuclear fuel cycle.**

**Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion: this activity is intended to improve the**
**knowledge base and technology of safety and** **environr >ntal** **aspects of future**
**fusion machines for the European Fusion Programme.** **Tr** **-nain** **part of the work**
**will** **be in support to the Next Step** **(NET/ITER).** **An** **im** **rtant feature of this**
**programme will be the operation of the ETHEL Laboratory for the experimental**
**study of the safe management of tritium. Other support to the Next Step will**
**encompass design and development in specific technological areas such as remote**
**handling of** **in-vessel** **components, plasma-facing components tests, data base for '**
**structural materials properties and nuclear data. Long term actions will include**
**low activation materials research.**
**40**

**36**

ANNEX II

Amounts deemed necessary for specific programmes with indicative
**breakdown of expenditure for the period** **1992*1994**

II. MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

5 Energy

Nuclear Fission Safety 164.34 million Ecu' [1] '

Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion 40.59 million Ecu [0] '

TOTAL 204.93 million Ecu' [2] »

(1) An amount equivalent to 6% of these amounts deemed necessary may be used for
exploratory research.

(2) An amount of Ecu 2 07 million not included in the Ecu 204.93 million is reserved, as a
contribution from the specific programmes of the present decision, for the centralized action
on dissemination and exploitation of results.

**41**

**37-**

ANNEX III

Rules for implementing the programmes and activities
for dissemination and exploitation of the results

1. The Commission, assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre, shall
implement the programmes on the basis of the scientific and technical objectives and
content described in Annex I.

2. The rules for implementing the programmes, referred to in Article 3, comprise research and
technological development projects and accompanying measures.

The projects shall be the subject of research and technological development performed in
the relevant Institutes of the JRC (Joint Research Centre).

The Institutes of the JRC shall endeavour, whenever feasible, to execute the projects in
proper collaboration and in concert with national research bodies in the Member States.
Particular attention will be paid to associations with industry, notably with small and
medium sized enterprises in collaborative schemes around the projects. In the same way,
research bodies established in Third Countries having concluded international agreements
or contracts with the European Community in accordance with Article 101, may also
collaborate on the projects.

4. The accompanying measures shall include:

the organization of seminars, workshops and scientific conferences;

the activities of internal coordination, including the organization of particular
internal centres, which ensure homogeneity of the approach and a unique common
interface to the users of and partners in the projects;

the activities of specialized training with accent on multidisciplinarity;

a system for information exchange;

the promotion of the exploitation of the research results

the scientific and strategic independent evaluation of the performance of the
projects and the programmes.

5. The dissemination of the knowledge gained through the realization of the projects will be
done on the one hand by the programmes themselves, and on the other hand by the
centralized action as described in Article 4 (3) of the decision 90/211/Euratom/EEC.

**42**

**38-**

Proposal for a
COUNCIL DECISION

of

adopting a supplementary research programme to be implemented

by the Joint Research Centre for the
European Atomic Energy Community

(.../.../Euratom)

THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES,

Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community, and in
particular Article 7 thereof,

Having regard to the proposal from the Commission submitted after consultation of the Scientific
and Technical Committee [1] ",

Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament' [2] ',

Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee' [1] ',

Whereas, in the context of the common policy relating to the field of science and technology, the
research programme is one of the principal means whereby the European Atomic Energy
Community can contribute to the safe use of nuclear energy and to the acquisition and
dissemination of information in this field,

HAS ADOPTED THIS DECISION:

_Article 1_

The supplementary programme on the operation of the HFR (high flux) research reactor,
hereinafter referred to as 'the programme', of which the objectives are given in Annex I, is hereby
adopted for a period of four years, starting on 1 January 1992.

_Article 2_

The funds estimated as necessary for the execution of the programme amount to 79.0 million ECU.
An indicative breakdown of this amount is given in Annex II.

_Article 3_

The Commission, assisted by the board of governors of the Joint Research Centre (JRC) shall be
responsible for carrying out the programme and, to this end, shall call upon the services ofthe JRC.

(1) OJNoC
(2) OJNoC
(3) OJNoC _mn_

**39**

_Article 4_

The Commission shall decide on the terms of reference of the board of governors.

_Article 5_

1 The Commission shall each year, before 31 March, submit to the European Parliament and
the Council a report on the implementation of this Decision.

2 This report shall be accompanied by the observations of the board of governors. The board
of governors may also submit through the Commission to the European Parliament and the
Council a separate report on any aspect of the implementation of this Decision.

_Article 6_

This Decision is addressed to the Member States.

Done at

_For the Council_

_The President_

**44**

**-40-**

ANNEX

Scientific and technical objectives

The principal objectives of the programme are:

The safe operation of the HFR (High Flux Reactor) in Petten. This comprises routine
operation of the facility for more than 250 days/year, fuel cycle management and safety and
quality management.

Efficient utilization of the reactor in a wide scope of topical sectors: irradiation testing of
materials for fission reactors, as well as for future thermonuclear fusion reactors, neutron
applications to solid state physics and materials sciences investigations, radioisotope
production and related activities, neutron radiography as a non-destructive testing method,
and treatment of certain types of cancer with neutrons (BORON Neutron Capture Therapy)
and related research

###### **45**

**-41**

ANNEX II

Indicative **breakdown of resources for the HFR**

The resources to be contributed to the supplementary programme are broken down as follows:

Federal Republic of Germany: 50%
Netherlands: 50%

Other resources are provided for, in addition to the supplementary programme, either under the
heading of work carried out as part of the JRC specific programmes or under the heading of
contractual work.

The indicative breakdown is as follows:

Supplementary programme:

(a) Exploitation of reactor

Federal Republic of Germany: 34.5 million Ecu

Netherlands: 34.5 million Ecu

(b) Preparation of experiments (studies, rigs, etc.):

Federal Republic of Germany: 10.0 million Ecu

Netherlands: p.m.' [1] '

Total appropriations 79.0 million Ecu + p.m.

JRC specific programmes and contractual p.m.
work for external third parties

(1) Work to be carried out directly by the Netherlands, the equivalent of such work valued by
the Commission at Ecu 10.0 million. _tj^_ _**{ry**_

###### **TECHNICAL ANNEX**

##### **SCIENTIFIC-TECHNICAL** **WORK**

**This work is presented Institute by Institute,**

###### **47**

**1 -**

**CENTRAL BUREAU FOR NUCLEAR MEASUREMENTS (CBNM)**

**/.** _**OBJECTIVES**_

**The activities of the Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements (CBNM) are**
**dedicated to the promotion of European standards, reference data and materials**
**needed by users in the nuclear and non-nuclear fields. In the nuclear field, the**
**activities continue to fulfil the obligations laid down in the EURATOM Treaty and**
**to meet the necessity to maintain in and for Europe an independent, specialized**
**institute for prenormative research on nuclear measurements.**

**During the years the Institute has evolved into a high-standing laboratory known**
**worldwide for its concept of the search for the true value with the highest**
**accuracy possibly attainable with reasonable efforts.**

**//.** _**1992-**_ _**1994 ACTIVITIES**_

**The Institute's activities will be pursued in the following fields:**

**preparation, characterisation, certification of samples e.g. bulk samples for**
**targets of elements, alloys, compounds as reference materials for nuclear**
**and other industries or thin layers as reference samples for electronic and**
**chemical industry, or special reference biological materials for trace metal**
**analysis;**

**long-lived or stable isotope Mass Spectrometry, in particular for the**
**development and application of Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry** **(IDMS)**
**e.g.** **for improved analysis in different** **parts** **of the nuclear fuel cycle or, for**
**accurate isotope composition or ratio measurement in the frame of atomic**
**weight determination (National Institute of Standards and Technology**
**(NIST),** **Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt** **(PTB),** **International Union of**
**Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC));**

**nuclear data measurements and evaluation applying the high energy**
**resolution neutron sources available (Linear Accelerator** **(LINAC),** **7 MeV Van**
**de Graaf** **(VdG)** **e.g. fission, fusion and standard application neutron reaction**
**cross-sections, upon request from** **national** **or international organisations**
**(Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA), Organization for Economic**
**Cooperation and Development (OECD), International Atomic Energy Agency**
**(IAEA),** **EC** **Task Force for** **"European** **Fusion File");**

**radionuclide metrology e.g. for** **intercomparisons** **upon request from**
**international bodies (Bureau International des Poids et** **Mesures** **(BIPM),**
**International Committee for Radionuclide Metrology** **(ICRM))** **or for**
**application in non-destructive testing of conditioned waste;**

**applied radiation techniques adapted to the existing accelerators e.g. for**
**using neutron and particle beams for irradiation/radiation damage studies**
**of biological/semiconductor materials and for** **microbeam** **analysis of**
**surfaces and reference aerosol filters;**

**new and non-nuclear activities are expected to further develop in the fields**
**of chemical analysis with improved accuracy due in part to the convincing**
**potential of isotope specific methods like mass spectrometry, of microbeam**
**analysis of surfaces or thin layers and, in particular, in the field of**

**48**

**(7)**

**2-**

**applications of the linear accelerator for transition or channelling radiation.**
**Indeed the installation of a multipurpose equipment to generate X-rays with**
**strongly enhanced intensity in the few keV region by transition radiation,**
**and the production of hard X-rays in the 100 to 300 keV region with the**
**intensity concentrated in a few discrete lines, would open up a large**
**potential of applications, that are currently under investigation at**
**synchrotron light sources (such as photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray**
**lithography, EXAFS, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, etc.).**

_**SPECIFIC**_ _**PROGRAMMES**_

**CBNM's** **work falls under the Framework Programme line** _**"Measurements and**_
_**Testing".**_ **The programme is executed under the heading** _**"Reference Materials**_
_**and Reference Methods"**_ **to be broken down into the two projects** _**"Nuclear and**_
_**Non-Nuclear Reference Materials"**_ **and** _**"Nuclear Measurements and Reference**_
_**Methods".**_

_**Reference Materials and Reference Methods**_

**The activities backed by the existing and modernized** **large** **facilities on site**
**(LINAC,** **VdG, clean lab, mass spectrometers, computer) are of importance for the**
**international scientific/technical research communities relying upon accurate**
**data,** **reliable measuring methods and basic reference data, materials and**
**methodologies.**

**For fission technology, requests are related to data evaluation (Joint European**
**File (JEF)) or to experimental verification of fission cross sections, of inelastic**
**neutron scattering cross sections and of resonance parameters of structural**
**materials (Nuclear Energy** **Agency's** **Committee for Reactor Physics**
**(NEACRP)/Nuclear Energy Agency s Nuclear Data Committee (NEANDC)).** **For**
**fusion technology, important improvements are aimed at neutron data on tritium**
**breeding,** **nuclear heating, activation and radiation damage. These items are**
**requested by the** **EC** **Task Force on Neutronics for developing the European Fusion**
**File (EFF) to serve the Next European Torus (NET). The International Thermal**
**Experimental Reactor (ITER) project in a worldwide frame (EC, Japan, USA, USSR)**
**coordinated by the IAEA will enhance future fusion data needs. Radionuclide**
**metrology is dedicated to the knowledge of decay scheme data, special standards**
**and the improvement in the application of methodologies.**

**The availability of high quality nuclear Reference Materials (RMs) to the**
**international scientific research community, industry and** **safeguards'** **authorities**
**will be guaranteed. RMs for Non Destructive Assay (NDA), solid spike RMs and**
**reactor neutron dosimetry materials need refined preparation and to undergo**
**characterization and certification procedures.** **The preparation and**
**characterization of special nuclear targets and samples for the nuclear data**
**research activities will be pursued.**

**In the non-nuclear field, the determination of atomic weights will be aiming at an**
**ultimate accuracy. The new** **clean-laboratory** **facility will be concerned with the**
**development and application of isotope specific analytical methods and involved**
**in trace element determinations in complex matrices. Particle Induced X-Ray**
**Emission (PIXE) spectroscopy,** **IDMS** **and special micro and trace element**
**determination methods will find appropriate medical/biological research**
**applications. The PIXE microbeam technique will be used in connection with**
**environmental/occupational health problems.**

**CBNM,** **in addition to its work on nuclear data and nuclear reference materials**
**and methods, also will contribute to research, development and certification**

**49**

3

work of non-nuclear reference materials and standards for more general
application in industry. This is done partly on reauest of the Community
Reference Bureau (BCR). Other work to be executed on behalf of BCR is the
organization and the management of "round robin" tests and the storage,
conditioning, bookkeeping and distribution of various kinds of reference samples.

_Human Capital and_ _Mobility_

CBNM has developed into an world-wide acknowledged centre of excellence in
the field of high accuracy measurements that attracted senior scientists from
many countries and enabled young scientists to be trained by research on
increasingly non-nuclear subjects.

Particular attention will be devoted to the exploration of the potential of the
high performance linear electron accelerator (LIN£C) for the training of young
scientists in the development and application of transition or channelling
radiation and to establishing a cooperation network that started already with
research groups in Orsay and Lyon and is expected to be extended to research
teams and laboratories in other Member countries as well.

_**SCIENTIFIC**_ _**AND**_ _**TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE**_ _**COMMISSION**_

Support activities will be ongoing in the areas of safeguarding **(DG** I: IAEA and
DGXVII: European Commission's Safeguards Analytical Measurements (ECSAM))
and of innovation transfer (DG XIII).

Special aspects of the described activities are:

the response to international requests and needs;

the reference character and

the possible use in support to quality control schemes.

In general, on the basis of its activities, the Institute supports the overall
harmonization policy of the Commission for the realization and the consolidation
of the internal European common market starting in 1992.

_**CONTRACTUAL WORK**_ _**FOR EXTERNAL**_ _**THIRD**_ _**PARTIES**_

The efforts to open a market for products based on CBNM expertise (reference
data and materials) will further be developed despite the expectation of
organizations in the Member States to receive data and reference materials
(almost) free of charge in recognition of their countries' contributions to the
Framework Programme.

In addition to the sale of nuclear reference materials for analytical measurement
in the fuel cycle and the supply of various tailor-made samples and target, there is
an increasing number of requests for the preparation and characterization of
non-nuclear samples, e.g. trace analysis in inorganic or organic matrices.

Applied radionuclide metrology is increasingly used, e.g. for solving problems of
radioactive waste management or for the determination of reactor neutron
fluences.

Utilisation of accelerator radiation ("selling beam time") for customers is
becoming increasingly important by irradiating biological or new (semi

###### **50**

**-4**

**conductor) materials in well defined particle beams. Conventional and micro**
**techniques for surface analysis are offered to industry and research institutes.**

**Training courses on CBNM specific subjects (i.e. isotope mass spectrometry,**
**application of reference materials, quality control, metrology and data**
**evaluation) are considered to further promote in Europe and worldwide the**
**awareness of the necessity of using common reference data and materials.**

###### **51**

**INSTITUTE FOR TRANSURANIUM ELEMENTS (ITU)**

**/.** _**OBJECTIVES**_

Thanks to its highly specialized installations, to the expertise of its staff and to the
fact that it is in possession of one of the rare licences to handle large amounts of
radioactive materials, the **Institute for Transuranium Elements** has a well defined
mission and can be considered as a model case for community research. Its
technological research programmes deal principally with nuclear safety matters
(safety of nuclear fuels, characterisation of radioactive waste, nuclear safeguards
and management of fissionable materials, safety of handling nuclear materials).
It collaborates closely with a large number of academic and industrial research
establishments in Europe and overseas and performs contractual research for
industry and services to the Commission services.

The Institute for Transuranium Elements will continue to be one of the few
centres in the world where general knowledge on the chemical and physical
properties of the transuranium elements, their toxicity, their environmental
effects and the measures to bring the latter under control, as well as on their
technical applications, is systematically collected by specialists in the field and
kept readily available for broad use by the scientific and technological world.

**//.** _**1992-**_ _**1994**_ _**ACTIVITIES**_

_**SPECIFIC**_ _**PROGRAMMES**_

The Specific Research Programme of the Institute for Transuranium Elements will
remain entirely nuclear-safety oriented. It will concentrate on the _**Safety of**_
_Actinides_ _in the_ _**Nuclear Fuel Cycle,**_ the name of its 1992-1994 Specific
Programme.

While fuel development work for advanced power reactors will be decreased to a
minimum level (compatible with the need to maintain competence in the field)
and studies of certain aspects of reprocessing will come to an end, investigations
in the field of nuclear waste management will gain considerably in importance,
with an accent on the characterisation of unprocessed spent fuel waste forms.
Fuel pin codes developed in the past years at the Institute will be applied to a
wide range of scenarios, and theoretical and experimental studies on the fission
product inventory (source term) and on release mechanisms will be stepped up,
partly in conjunction with the international PHEBUS PF project. The effect of high
burn-up on the life expectancy of a fuel pin is of large interest and requires
extensive studies, especially on the evolution of fuel chemistry at increased Durnup (High Burn-Up Chemistry).

Studies to improve and automate destructive analytical techniques for safeguards
work will be stepped-up and an intensified effort applied to the adaptation of
existing methods to non-destructive analysis of spent fuel for fissile material
accounting purposes.

Taking into account the ever increasing amounts of transuranium elements which
have to be dealt with year by year, the study of their basic physical and chemical
properties, their radio-toxic potential, their possible interaction with the
environment, represents an important aspect of the nuclear fuel cycle and must
be further elucidated.

**52**

**Basic actinide research, as it has been carried out successfully at the Institute over**
**the last twenty years, provides an important contribution to world knowledge on**
**the subject and will be maintained.**

**Some key elements of the ITU programme will be:**

**Study of structural phenomena affecting** **in-pile** **performance and life-time**
**of fuel in a reactor; Measurement of** **thermocnemical** **and thermophysical**
**parameters of irradiated fuel materials;**

**Studies of methods of aerosol abatement and of size-dependent transport**
**of radioactive aerosols in ducts and chimneys;**

**Experiments to recover minor actinides from specially prepared fuel**
**samples; Improvement of the efficiency of lanthanide/actinide separation**
**processes; Improvements in the determination of cross sections for actinide**
**transmutation;**

**Quality control of waste forms as a function of fabrication parameters;**
**Further development and improvement of destructive and non-destructive**
**techniques for the determination of radionuclides in waste forms; Extension**
**of analytical techniques to "exotic" waste forms; Development of**
**tomographic methods for waste form characterisation; Organisation and**
**participation in Community exercises for evaluating non-destructive**
**techniques to be applied** **to** **studies of the behaviour of radionuclides in**
**waste forms;**

**Setting up of an intelligent data base for predicting the chemical and**
**physical properties of hitherto unknown actinide compounds in order to**
**"tailor" them to the needs of applications and fundamental research;**
**Research with actinide compounds in the fields of soft and hard magnets,**
**superconductors, heavy fermions, large Kerr effect compounds, metallic**
**glasses; Increased use of synchrotron radiation from European and US**
**sources for electronic and structural investigations of actinides and actinide**
**compounds; Extension of high-pressure studies with actinides into the**
**"virgin"** **range of** **1** **to 2 Mbar;**

**Melting of ceramics or glasses by heating under** **lévitation** **in an acoustic**
**field.**

**For the efficient implementation of the Institute's activities set out above, it is**
**intended to install a dedicated facility for handling the heavier actinide elements**
**(Americium** **Labs).**

**The Institute will continue to substantially contribute to the programme on**
**Radioactive Waste Management with studies on the characterisation of vitrified**
**high-level waste forms and of non-processed spent** **fuel.**

**Efforts will continue to improve destructive techniques for safeguards analysis in**
**the frame** **c** **the programme on Safeguards and Fissile Materials Managements.**

_**Human**_ _**Cachai**_ _**and Mobility**_

**Due to its unique facilities for handling radioactive materials and an established**
**cooperation with a large number of academic institutions in Europe and overseas,**
**The Institute is in an excellent position to contribute to the Human Capital and**
**Mobility programme by offering, as in the past, training opportunities to young**
**scientists in the fields of nuclear safety and in areas related to the chemistry, the**
**physical chemistry and the solid state physics of actinides.**

_**K**_ **3**

_**-7-**_

_SCIENTIFIC_ _**AND**_ _**TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE**_ _**COMMISSION**_

The Institute will continue to provide assistance to DG XVII Safeguards Directorate
by analysing nuclear material samples for safeguards measures taken in various
European nuclear installations, both at the Institute laboratories and on-site (at
Cap de la Hague and Sellafield). The International Atomic Energy will be
supported - as requested by DG I - in their efforts to refine, automate, and fieldtest analytical equipment for safeguards activities on an international scale.

In collaboration with DG XIII, the Institute will be active in the exploitation of
research results by transferring certain equipment and techniques developed at
the ITU for laboratory use (such as a multi-colour pyrometer or an ultrasonic
device for aerosol scavenging) to industry for commercial exploitation.

_**CONTRACTUAL WORK**_ _**FOR EXTERNAL**_ _**THIRD**_ _**PARTIES**_

Besides performing research in specific areas defined in the Commission's
multiannual Framework Programme, the facilities of the Institute and its licence
for handling major amounts of highly radio-toxic materials will continue to
attract national safety authorities, the radio-pharmaceutical industry, and
institutions and industries concerned with ecological problems, as potential
customers to carry out work ranging from the preparation of actinide compounds
and radio-isotopes for medical applications to the post-irradiation analysis of
nuclear fuel pins.

**54**

8

**INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED MATERIALS** **(1AM)**

**/.** _**OBJECTIVES**_

It is being increasingly recognised that advanced materials constitute a broad,
enabling technology, which allows the more effective operation of machines and
structures of modern industrial society and stimulates the innovation and
successful exploitation of other technologies.

Although the widespread perception of the importance of industrial materials is
expressed today in work in Member States, the effort on advanced materials
within the Joint Research Centre provides additionality through the European
dimension and neutrality of the JRC and the opportunity to contribute to
European cohesion through training and exploitation of unique installations and
specialisms.

The aims of the Institute for Advanced Materials are to contribute to enhancing
the industrial competitivity and safety of components, structures and engines
relevant mainly to the Energy, Transport, Environment and Manufacturing
sectors, through advances in the understanding of the basic properties, the
processability and engineering performance of materials.

The Institute will carry out its tasks mainly within the explicit aims of the
Framework Programme, with a significant contribution to scientific and technical
work in Support to the Commission as well as through industrial contractual work
with external third parties.

**//.** _**1992-**_ _**1994**_ _**ACTIVITIES**_

_**SPECIFIC**_ _**PROGRAMMES**_

Under the Framework Programme heading _**"Industrial**_ _**and**_ _**Materials**_
_Technologies",_ the research will be oriented towards the following areas which
derive from an extensive forward planning exercise, which have considerable
potential for enhancing European technological awareness, which require sound
basic scientific input, technological applications as well as a testing and prenormative focus:

_Alloys and_ _Intermetallics:_

Improvement in performance of alloys and intermetallics in extreme operational
conditions as well as under interactive conditions of corrosive degradation, creep
and fatigue deformation; emphasis on prenormative features. The action should
stimulate a wider awareness of the potential of new classes of intermetallic
materials for future engineering application; to help steer the newly formed
European Grou -* Structural Intermetallics and to plan together with DG XII to
launch a Conce Action in this field.

_Ceramics and Composites:_

Improvement in performance of structural ceramics and composites in simulated
industrial environments; emphasis on pre-normative features and suitable test'
methodologies. A continuous ceramics fibres initiative should encourage the
development and application of long, thin ceramic fibres as a reinforcement for
ceramic and metal matrix composites; to build up this initiative together with the

**55**

**-9**

**Experts Group and DG XII with the aim of completing a future market study; to**
**define and give birth to a new EUREKA project as a prelude to the setting up in**
**industry of a manufacturing capability.**

_**Coatings**_ _**and**_ _**Processes:**_

**Development, testing and diagnostics of protective coating techniques and**
**products. Development of new manufacturing techniques for ceramic materials**
**and components.**

**Operation of joint venture on Advanced Coatings with a Dutch national**
**laboratory (ECN).**

_**Surface Modification Technology:**_

**Improvement in materials properties - wear, corrosion, fatigue resistance -**
**through modification of surface state using ion implantation and laser beam**
**mixing.**

_**New Functional Materials:**_

**Innovation and testing of functional materials for environmental gas sensors** **and**
**for optical and photovoltaic properties.**

_**Non Destructive**_ _**and Evaluation**_ _**Techniques of Advanced Materials**_ _**and**_
_**Components:**_

**Development of new non-intrusive evaluation techniques for ceramics,**
**composites and thin films. Validation of NDE techniques used in the inspection of**
**industrial critical facilities.**

_**Life Prediction and Reliability Technology:**_

**Life prediction modelling and life extension treatments on alloys and ceramics.**

_**Information and Data Management:**_

**Development of Materials Databanks, appropriate to materials processing.**
**Training Workshops on advanced materials and initiating specific initiatives on**
**pre-normative research where the objective** **is** **to establish a European focal point**
**for the exchange of information and to encourage discussion between experts**
**from all sectors.of pre-normative research and development in materials, and to**
**provide an environment suitable for the training of young scientists interested in**
**careers in materials-related standards and their background.**

**In the field of** _**Controlled**_ _**Thermonuclear**_ _**Fusion**_ **of the** _**Framework Programme,**_
**the Institute intends to contribute through research along the following lines:**

_**Support to the Next Step Design:**_

_**Plasma facing components**_ _**- thermal**_ _**fatigue:**_ **irradiation testing in HFR,**
**experiments in the Cyclotron; elaboration of a databank on austenitic steels;**

_**Long Term Technical Developments:**_

_**Low Activation Materials:**_ **to evolve along the lines of SiC composites; to consider**
**chromium and vanadium and related metallurgical problems; to test potential of**
**intermetallics;**

###### **56**

**10-**

_**Human**_ _**Capital and Mobility**_

**The Institute has a long tradition of postgraduate training with success in the**
**preparation of** **PhD's** **and has developed a network of European academic**
**contacts. The intention** **is** **to maintain this important activity, and to expand upon**
**it in the above fields of expertise, as well as in the use of large facilities. In**
**particular, one will aim to provide an environment suitable for the training of**
**young scientists interested in careers in materials-related measurement and**
**standards.**

_**SCIENTIFIC**_ _**AND**_ _**TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE**_ _**COMMISSION**_

**The Institute activities in** _**Scientific and**_ _**Technological**_ _**Support for the Commission**_

**are aimed to support the development of the** **European** **industrial standards base**
**through pre-normative scientific and technical activities. The following describes**
**the fields for which there exists a demand from Commission Directorates General** **:**

_**Information and Data Management:**_

**Support to strategic initiatives and valorisation in Scientific and Technical**
**Information Management; initiatives and management of pre-normative**
**research and systems development on computerised materials data and**
**knowledge bases in engineering materials (DG XIII);**

_**Initiatives on Standards for**_ _**Ceramics**_ _**and**_ _**Composites:**_

**Support to and setting up external networks for pre-normative R & D in advanced**
**ceramics, composites and other materials as a prelude to CEN/CENELEC**
**standardisation (DG III).** **Evaluation of degradation mechanisms in catalyst**
**carriers; development of performance inspection procedures in support of**
**Community directives (DG VII; DG XI);**

_**Development of**_ _**Codes**_ _**for Nuclear Components:**_

**Extend the** **PISC** **exercise to the** **non-destructive** **evaluation of aged components in**
**long serving nuclear installations: verification of NDE procedures for inspection**
**and development of safety related codes and standards for large critical industrial**
**installations (DG** **III** **and DG XVII).**

_**Standardisation of Radiopharmaceuticals:**_

**Standardisation of radiopharmaceuticals in support of Council directives**
**concerning radio protection of medical staff and patients (DG** **XI).**

_**CONTRACTUAL WORK**_ _**FOR EXTERNAL**_ _**THIRD**_ _**PARTIES**_

**The Institute's** _**High Flux Reactor**_ **is recognised as one of Europe's foremost multi-**
**purpose materials research reactors and it is intended to continue to contribute to**
**the European research effort through:**

**Supplementary Programme in support of the Dutch and German S & T**
**strategies with work on materials and fuel aspects of fission reactors and**
**thermonuclear fusion;**

**The development of Boron Neutron Capture Therapy as a technique for**
**treating certain forms of cancer, in cooperation with the Commission**

###### **57**

**-11**

**concerted action on this subject, carried out with the participation of most**
**Member States;**

**Application of neutron scattering as a diagnostic technique for materials**
**investigations;**

**Contractual work for external third parties, for example radio-isotope**
**production, neutron radiography and silicon doping.**

**Since the introduction of contractual work for external third parties, the Institute**
**has already attracted a good number of contracts, both in connection with**
**materials technologies and also the exploitation of large facilities. The cultural**
**transformation has taken root in the Institute and contractual work for external**
**third parties is well accepted as an indicator of the relevance of the research and**
**as a vital complement of research conducted under the Specific Programme.**

**This type of work represents a key element in future** **Institute** **planning and it is**
**expected that contract research will continue its rapid growth path in the near**
**future to reach a steady state and a significant proportion of the Institute's**
**turnover.**

**In the materials fields, the industrial sectors which experience indicates should**
**have a good response for contract work are: aerospace, power engineering,**
**transport. These will continue to be targeted.** **For the large facilities, the**
**Cyclotron in** **Ispra,** **following a recent long term agreement with an industrial**
**partner, will enter into the production of medical radio-isotopes.**

**58**

12

**INSTITUTE FOR SYSTEMS ENGINEERING AND INFORMATICS** **(ISEI)**

**/.** _**OBJECTIVES**_

To be the European Commission's centre of excellence in the field of 'complex
systems' engineering, focussing on the evaluation and development of methods
addressing the safety, standards and performance of systems which involve
industrial, social and environmental issues on a pan-European scale.

In particular, to take the broad, 'systems approach' to the understanding of the
human, societal and environmental implications of scientific, technological and
industrial developments in order to provide technical advice for the Balanced
social and industrial development of European society.

ISEI will be launching, early in the period, new initiatives in the areas of
Environmental Accident Management, Safety at Work and later, Safety Critical
Computer Systems as well as a contribution to the proposed Centre for Earth
Observation. ISEI's new initiatives will be built on top of the Institute's existing
strengths of systems engineering orientated to safety of systems, and ISEI's
underlying strength in informatics which is based both on ISEI's JRC-wide
informatics service and the Institute's advanced applications work.

**//.** _**1992-1994 ACTIVITIES**_

_**SPECIFIC**_ _**PROGRAMMES**_

_Environment_

ISEI activity under the _Environment_ Programme will relate essentially to industrial
safety and environmental risk management and will focus on the development of
decision support systems for plant safety, emergency management and territorial
risk management, including methods and approaches for modelling relevant
decision processes.

ISEI will strengthen the work on the development of methodology and
technology to support the assessment of the reliability and safety of industrial
and technical systems by widening the scope to take into account the human and
social interfaces, and the environmental compatibility. In this context, new
approaches to modelling decision processes and control strategies will be
developed, based on recent advances in system science and on the outcome of
exploratory researches performed in the 1988-1991 programme. These objectives
will be tackled in partnership with industrial and academic researchers from
across Europe.

Additionally, ISEI's efforts in areas of public concern such as the environmental
impact of the releases of chemicals from industrial and transport activities will
lead to a major new initiative: the establishment of an Accident Management
Centre, forming part of the European Office for Safety. The Centre's objective is
to create, in connection with DG XI and national authorities, a comprehensive
information system on accident prevention, mitigation and response, based on
the best available information technology (hypermedia, expert systems, etc.) to
enhance the dissemination of information on preventive measures and
emergency management for industrial and transportation accidents having
severe impact on the population and the environment. The Centre will provide
response/rescue organizations with information and research results quickly

**59**

**-13**

**available to help in an actual emergency.** **The activity will include the**
**development of decision support systems for environmental emergency**
**management, education and training, post accident analyses, auditing of**
**emergency plans for accidents having cross border impacts and studies of**
**communicating with the public about risks taking into account cultural and**
**legislative differences between European regions.**

**A further new activity of the Institute in the environmental area would be its**
**informatics and data handling support to the Centre for Earth Observation (CEO)**
**which is described in section 17 of Chapter** **I.**

_**Industrial and Materials Technologies**_

**ISEI's second new initiative will be in the area of Safety at Work.** **Here, the**
**objective will be to conduct and coordinate research activities concerning**
**occupational and organisational aspects of the working environment as well as**
**prevention and management of accidents. The work will have two main thrusts:**
**the organisation of an information and documentation service concerning EEC**
**regulations and norms plus occupational accidents statistics and analyses**
**developed by the Member States; and the establishment of a laboratory of**
**human-machine systems interaction which** **will,** **by simulation and experimental**
**studies using real domains, evaluate the impact** **of** **new technologies on safety at**
**work (computerised diagnostic systems, robots, distributed decision making and**
**communication, cognitive models in use by industrial designers) and research on**
**cognitive and organisational factors affecting the development of a safety culture**
**in the work place.**

_**Measurement and Testing**_

**ISEI will perform specific prenormative research in the field of probabilistic**
**residual life prediction of structures. The activity will be centred around existing**
**specialized installations such as STRIKE (Structural Reliability Investigation by**
**Knowledge Engineering) where integral testing on complex structures can be**
**performed.**

**The existing work on the development and validation of probabilistic codes and**
**expert systems for the evaluation of the lifetime of steel and composite structures**
**(pressure vessels, offshore platforms, steam headers) will be extended to consider**
**a larger variety of operational conditions and environments (e.g. marine**
**environment).**

**The specific research on non-intrusive synoptic methods for diagnostics (optical**
**diagnostics by coherent light and image processing) will be scaled-up to assess its**
**full potential in industrial applications.**

**To respond to the needs of the photovoltaic industry, the European Solar Test**
**Installation** **(ESTI)** **focusses on prenormative research in the field of photovoltaic**
**systems with the development of measurement techniques for thin-film and high**
**efficiency** **devices.**

**Work in support of the preparation of new standards will put emphasis on**
**reliability of grid-connected photovoltaic systems in buildings as well as on high-**
**value applications. The projects are selected in line with the marketing strategy**
**forcontractual work for external third parties.**

**GO**

14

_Nuclear Fission Safety_

_Reactor Safety_

The existing activities of ISEI on risk and reliability evaluation will be oriented
towards the development of methodology and technology to assess in time the
"level of safety" of an aging plant, and at optimising maintenance and control.
This includes the integration into the methodology of the consideration of the
change of the component reliability, of the modification of in-plant configuration
and operation, of the aging of structural parts, of the transfer of knowledge
between subsequent generations of operators and of changes of man-machine
interfaces. "Living PSA" techniques, incorporating knowledge based systems, will
be developed. The effort on the System Response Analyser will be continued with
particular reference to human behaviour modelling, taking into account the
changes in man-machine interfaces, e.g. the possible introduction of novel types
of supervisory systems for the management of accidents.

Moreover, a benchmark exercise on expert judgment elicitation and combination
is planned.

_Safeguards and Fissile_ _**Materials Management Programme**_

The activities in _**Safeguards and**_ _Fissile_ _**Materials Management**_ will cover two
main areas:

_Development of Containment and Surveillance Techniques_ _(CIS)_

_CIS_ techniques are expected to play a much larger role in the
implementation of nuclear safeguards than in the past because of the
changing fuel cycle characteristics in terms of size and level of process
automation.

They are based on sealing and identification techniques and on optical
surveillance and monitoring techniques.

For sealing and tagging of items and containers, there should be wide
application of some techniques (based on ultrasonic and surface
topography) presently developed and demonstrated on spent fuel
containers, etc.

Multisensor systems based on C/S are now being introduced on an
experimental basis and demonstrated in nuclear facilities. Further
development of such systems with the appropriate data management
is required, in particular for video data reduction and analysis of
images.

Demonstration and Performance assessment of existing and new C/S
devices and development of new procedures will be performed in the
new LASCO laboratory, including the computer aided tele-operation
for remote inventory verification in a model of an advanced storage

area.

_Integration_ _of Safeguards Measures_

The need for development and support activities is conditioned by the
evolution of the nuclear fuel cycle, the new safeguards strategies designed
to respond to this evolution and the overall pressures of resource
limitations. A careful monitoring of the above parameters will be made in
order to make a more clear and systematic forecasting of safeguards needs
###### **61**

-15

and identification of research requirements and to integrate the
development work in other areas.

Furthermore, specific data evaluation methods will be developed and
applied to assess the performances of multisensor measurement systems, for
instance, for the determination of nuclear materials in large tanks.

_Controlled Thermonuclear_ _Fusion_

The present contribution to the European Fusion Programme concerns the predesign activity in support to the Next Step (NET/ITER), as well as exploratory
studies for the long term development of fusion. In the 1992-1994 period ISEI will
devote the largest part of its activity in support to the Next Step design (Area 1 of
the European Fusion Programme Proposal for the period 1990-1994).

Design work on components of the Next Step will be carried out under specific
request of the NET-Team. The areas of contribution are:

structural analysis of plasma facing components during plasma disruption
events, including validation of the codes used for this purpose;

Safety analysis of in-vessel components.

Technological actions will be focused on the construction of mock-ups of in-vessel
components of the Next Step and tests of remote handling procedures to bring
the Remote Handling Equipment to the required level of confidence for fully
remote operation in the reactor. This work will be a continuation of the present
activity dealing with simulation of remote handling of a 1/3 mock-up of the
blanket handling device (TELEMAC laboratory).

In the field of _**Long-Term Technical Developments**_ (Area 2 of the European
Fusion Programme), ISEI could, if requested, contribute to the reference design of
a commercial fusion reactor to be undertaken in Europe. This contribution would
cover, in particular, the safety and environmental problems - an area where a
relevant know-how exists in the Institute.

Work for JET will be done under specific request.

_**Human Capital and Mobility**_

ISEI will participate in the _**Human Capital and**_ _**Mobility**_ programme via 'networks
of excellence' built from cooperation between the JRC ana national institutions.
In particular, ISEI will focus its training and research programmes for young
researchers towards two themes: risk management and advanced computing
techniques. ISEI is well known for its risk assessment and accident management
research and in this area acts as a focal point of various networks of industrial and
academic institutions. Moreover, ISEI is a centre for advanced (parallel)
computation, being part of DG Xlll's drive to exploit Europe's innovative lead in
the area of transputer applications.

_**SCIENTIFIC**_ _**AND**_ _**TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE**_ _**COMMISSION**_

The scientific/technical support to the Commission's services for the period 199294 will address the requests coming from nine Directorates General and will cover
various scientific disciplines available within ISEI. This activity is a large and very
important component of ISEI's work.

**62**

**- 1 6 -**

**The activities may be summarised as follows:**

**a)** **development and analysis of computerised information systems for:**

**management of control systems (for the coordination of Fraud**
**Prevention Unit) and management of parliamentary petitions**
**(Secretariat General);**

**world shipbuilding (DG III);**

**aircraft incidents (DG VII);**

**civil protection for cooperation and mutual assistance in case of**
**disaster (DG** **XI);**

**b)** **support for the implementation of EC directives notably on major accidents**
**(DGXI);**

**c)** **Valorisation of R/D results (DG** **XIII).** **As is the case for the other Institutes,**
**the** **ISEI** **is also involved with DG XIII** **for** **the exploitation and dissemination**
**of research results. Current projects at the Institute are:**

**object identification by surface texture;**

**on high speed camera holography and image processing;**

**support to CORDIS data bases on Community research and**
**technological development activities.**

**d)** **development of information systems and containment and surveillance**
**techniques for inspectors of the** **IAEA** **(DG** **I)** **and of the Safeguards**
**Directorate (DG** **XVII);**

**e)** **support to DG XVII demonstration programmes, notably in the photovoltaic**
**area while energy savings and energy conservation support will be gradually**
**phased out;**

**f)** **support activities for the information technology programmes of DG** **XIII,**
**with a particular emphasis on technology demonstration and 'applications**
**pull'** **activities such as:**

**application of software and knowledge engineering R/D results;**

**application of parallel computing R/D results;**

**training support;**

**pilot networking project.**

**Support is also provided to the Statistical Office by** **assistance** **with the**
**developme** **r** **of new methods of data analysis.**

**The Support to the Commission areas which are expected to expand are the**
**activities for the information technology programmes (point f), the**
**implementation of EC directives (point b) and proposals are also being made in**
**the field of safety at work (DG V).**

###### **63**

**-17**

_**CONTRACTUAL WORK**_ _**FOR EXTERNAL**_ _**THIRD**_ _**PARTIES**_

ISEI marketing policy will be mainly based on its accumulated know-how and
recognized competence in developing methods and tools for industrial safety
and environmental risk assessment and management, backed up by a strong
informatics expertise. In this area, a particular perspective is open by the
possibility of participating in projects of national or regional public interest and
funded at regional or national level. This should include provision of
informatics and other support to the European Environment Agency.

Development initiatives undertaken (e.g. Eureka projects or associative projects
like STARS) jointly with industrial partners in the 1988-1991 programme should
lead to commercial exploitation in the period 1992-1994.

An additional potentially significant contribution to the contractual work for
external third parties income should derive as a spin-off of the expertise
continuously developed in the frame of the Framework Programme in the area
of advanced diagnostics, systems performance assessment and systems physical
protection.

The possibility of valorizing the European Solar Test Facility (ESTl) in the frame
of a commercial initiative, that could cover the full operation cost will also be
explored.

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18

**ENVIRONMENT** **INSTITUTE** **(El)**

**/.** _**OBJECTIVES**_

The existence of man is intrinsically connected to his environment via
biogeochemical cycles which in turn, _are_ affected by material and energy cycles.
Environmental research, i.e., research relating to the living conditions of man and
its changes in view of assessing the possibilities and limits of science and
technology in their endeavour to conserve or regenerate the natural bases of
human life, is the first member of the logical chain environmental research environmental policy - measures of environmental protection - environmental
conservation.

Environmental research at the JRC started in 1972. It offered, _x^d_ is continuing to
offer, multidisciplinary R&D approaches for the clarification ^d description of
environmental stresses and, in particular, those relative to gi JI environmental
changes, reduction of pollutant emissions, toxicological an . ecotoxicological
effects of environmental chemicals.

An increasing percentage of its efforts is dedicated to technical and scientific
support to other Commission services dealing with environmental matters. This
support includes methods for chemical analysis in the air, water, waste and food
sectors, and the development and maintenance of data banks and modelling
activities.

Major achievements were e.g. in the fields of pollution abatement technologies
(development of a new flue gas desulphurisation process), environmental
chemicals (establishment and evaluation of an inventory of industrial chemicals
on the European market), the elucidation of the origin of lead in human blood
and a post-event comparison of the evolution of the Chernobyl cloud and
radioactive deposition.

The scientific disciplines represented in the Institute are (in decreasing numbers)
chemists, physicists, mathematicians (modellers), biologists, biochemists,
information scientists, geochemists, meteorologists, chemical and nuclear
engineers.

**//.** _**1992- 1994**_ _**ACTIVITIES**_

_**SPECIFIC**_ _**PROGRAMMES**_

The research activities envisaged for 1992-94 of the Environment Institute match
the Framework Programme themes _**"Participation**_ _in_ _**Global**_ _**Change**_
_Programmes"_ (with a natural emphasis on strong cooperation between
laboratories in the Member States and worldwide), _**"Technologies**_ _**and**_
_Engineering_ _for the_ _Environmen_ and _"Working_ _Environment"._ Within these
themes the activities of the El con trateon the folio ng subjects of research:

Three activities of the Institute deal with aspects of _**"Global Change":**_

_Physics of the Atmosphere._ It deals with modelling of atmospheric transport
of pollutants at regional, European and, in collaboration with the Safety.
Technology Institute, at global level. The emphasis is on intercomparison
and validation of existing models and improving links with experimental
input data.

**65**

-19

The main experimental means are an aerosol laboratory for the study of
gas/particle interactions and advanced equipment for the use of inert
atmospheric "tracers", which follow the trajectories of air masses the same
way as air pollutants do. Within the framework of the Eureka/EurotracTract project, first results show that pollutants can well climb the steep
slopes of the Alps and cross the central Alpine spine.

_Chemistry of the Atmosphere._ The scope is to examine the chemical fate of
biogenic and anthropogenic emissions by studying the kinetics and
mechanisms of their transformation with relevance to the generation of
noxious compounds and the build-up of radiatively active gases in the
troposphere. A part of the activities lies within the framework of the COST
611-Eureka/Eurotrac-Lactoz project. Sidelines are the monitoring of
pollutants on a local and regional basis and the development of abatement
technologies for pollutants from power stations (desulphurisation, denoxing
and their combination).

_Biosphere-Atmosphere_ _Interactions._ The focus is on the deposition/emission
exchanges of substances from different vegetation types and their reactions
in the near-to-surface atmosphere. Particular attention is given to their role
in the Mediterranean areas and their contribution to the formation of
ozone over Europe. In this field of biosphere/atmosphere interactions there
is a collaboration with the Institute for Remote Sensing Applications which
focuses on marine and large area aspects.

The activity contributes to the Eureka/Eurotrac-Biatex project and to the
IGBP-IGAC project.

Three further activity areas concentrate on _**Environmental**_ _**Chemicals:**_

_"Soil,_ _Waste,_ _Water"_ which originates from radio-chemical research
activities and combines the expertise of soil chemists, geologists and
modellers acquired in research on radioactive waste disposal to study the
migration and transformation of organic and inorganic pollutants which
could reach the ground- and surface waters. The influence of humic
substances and natural colloids on mobility is particularly considered.

The development of **a** mobile laboratory for in-field analysis of
contaminants in soil, water and chemical waste is under development in the
framework of the Eureka/Euroenviron project. Further activities are expert
systems for the management of toxic and hazardous wastes and the
development of specific analytical methods for persistent organo-chlorine
compounds in soils and waters.

The above activities will be strongly focussed on the area of chemical wastes
and their disposal.

Activities on water quality include two projects focussed on the
Mediterranean area and developed in collaboration with different
European laboratories. The first one on microphyte toxins (MITO project)
aims at the development of fast and easy-to-use systems for the
characterization, identification and quantification of algal blooms in fresh
and marine waters. The second one on analytical quality control aims at the
detection, quantification and reduction of error sources associated with the
sampling and analysis procedures for environmental micro contaminant
monitoring.

_Life Sciences._ Work is focused on the evaluation of toxicological and
ecotoxicological effects of environmental chemicals in four directions:

**66**

**20-**

(a) experimental activities on trace metals and genotoxic compounds
including new in-vitro and in-vivo test systems;

(b) biomonitoring of trace metals for the establishment of background
values and risk groups in human populations in Europe;

(c) risk evaluation of environmental chemicals using methods of
quantitative structure-activity relationships and closely related to this
activity

(d) updating and distribution of the ECDIN data bank.

Activity (b) is part of the Eureka -Euroenviron project. Activities (a), (c) and
(d) are related to technical support to DG XI for the evaluation of existing
chemicals and the updating of EC directives on chemicals and some
exploratory research.

_Indoor Pollution._ There are two closely related lines of action:

(a) Experimental activity aimed at assessing human exposure to a broad
range of organic pollutants originating from indoor sources and its
contribution to total exposure, identification and characterization of
indoor sources and development and validation of related methods;

(b) Management and Technical Secretariat of the Concerted Action
"Indoor Air Quality and Its Impact on Man" establishing a 'Europewide' collaboration in this field.

The activity _**Environmental Informatics**_ deals with problems related to the real or
potential presence of harmful compounds in the environment including their
impact on humans and the different environmental compartments. It includes
the diagnosis and trend of the environmental contamination by making use of
pollution environmental data, pollution environmental indices, toxicological
data, dispersion, transport and migration models from the other activities of the
Institute. Work is done in collaboration with the ISEI Institute.

Several of the activities mentioned here or above in the area of global change
could be concentrated towards a substantial contribution, to the initial phases in
1992-1994 of the Centre for Earth Observation as described in section 17 of
Chapter I.

_**Human Capital and Mobility**_

An important role of the Institute lies in the further education and training of
young scientists with research aspirations in environmental science and
technology. The Institute, with its established collaborations with networks of
national laboratories thus intends to contribute in an essential way, to the aims of
training of young researchers under the Human Capital and Mobility Programme.

_**SCIENTIFIC**_ _**AND TECHNOLOGICAL**_ _**SUPPORT FOR**_ _**THE COMMISSION**_

The scientific and technological support to the Commission responds to the
requests of DG XI to support the implementation of present and future EC
Directives on Air Quality, Water Quality, Chemicals and Chemical Waste, under
the headings _Physics of the Atmosphere,_ _Chemistry_ _of the Atmosphere_ and So/7,
_Waste,_ _Water,_ respectively. Activities on indoor air pollution will include work
requested by the Consumer Policy Service.

**67**

2 1 

The evolution of radioactivity in the environment both under normal conditions
and in the case of nuclear emergencies is also studied to support the DG XI
obligations on radiological protection.

The activity on _Food & Drug Analysis, Consumer_ _Protection_ is performed
essentially by request of DG 111, VI and the Consumer Policy Service, on reference
methods for the detection of origin, genuineness, adulteration and food fraud
(e.g. fruit juices, dairy products and wine, for which a data bank will also be set
up) and looks after the purity of raw materials used in medicines. In addition to
this work, requests from the Consumer Policy Service include safety-related
evaluations on cosmetics, food products and a data bank on safety aspects of a
wide range of products. Furthermore, analytical work is routinely performed for
DGXXI.

The setting-up of A _Centre for Validation_ _of Alternative_ _Testing Methods_ (i.e.
alternative to animal tests in toxicology) requested by DG XI within the frame of
the Institute by making use of the existing toxicological laboratories, the
multidisciplinary scientific support and the experience gained in the validation of
analytical methods and in the operation of data banks.

The main task of the Centre will be the coordination, at Community level, of the
validation of alternative testing methods by establishing analytical protocols and
intercomparison exercises.

As a complement to this, the Centre should favour the exchange of information
by setting up and operating a data bank on alternative testing methods and
promoting meetings and workshops in order to facilitate dialogue between
industry, associations for animal protection and regulatory bodies.

_**CONTRACTUAL WORK**_ _**FOR EXTERNAL**_ _**THIRD**_ _**PARTIES**_

Contractual work is developing for public authorities and industry notably in the
areas of air pollution, water quality, chemical industrial waste and evaluation of
toxic substances.

The Environment Institute has already contributed to the Task Force for setting up
the European Environment Agency and plans are being drawn up for substantial
support on the harmonisation of analytical methods, intercalibration of
instruments, standardisation of data formats, development of new
environmental measurement methods and instruments, as outlined in the Annex
of the Council Regulation on the establishment of the European Environment
Agency.

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**INSTITUTE FOR REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS** **(IRSA)**

**/.** _**OBJECTIVES**_

The objectives of IRSA are:

a) to evaluate and demonstrate possible applications of remote sensing in
support of the sectorial policies of the Commission;

b) to undertake research on advanced methods for the interpretation and
utilisation of satellite data, including their integration with geographical
data;

c) to help stimulate the scientific community in the use of satellites (a role
complementary to the mission of the European Space Agency (ESA)). This
objective should be carried out via collaborative programmes and pilot
projects of European significance.

Within this context, IRSA takes part in all four JRC tasks and furthermore serves as
a focal point for the management of other European or Community projects,
such as TREES and EARSEC.

**//.** _**1992-**_ _**1994 ACTIVITIES**_

_SPECIFIC_ _**PROGRAMMES**_

The specific programme will contribute to the Framework Programme objectives
of the _Environment_ line, and notably to the themes _**"Participation in global**_
_change programmes"_ and _"Technologies_ _**and engineering for the environment".**_
This includes the following research:

_Environmental_ _**Mapping**_ _and_ _Monitoring_

This research activity is aimed at the development of techniques for the
application of data derived from high resolution earth observation satellites, in
conjunction with collateral data and information, for the monitoring and
management of marginal (less favoured) areas of the European Community.

The activity incorporates the development of advanced image interpretation
techniques, including the use of artificial intelligence and neural networks in
conjunction with geographical information systems in order to improve land use
classification.

_Global change_

Two major contributions to the study of global change are to be developed.

_Monitoring_ _of the Marine Environment._ Global Change studies related . j
the marine environment will concentrate upon studies of the temporal and
spatial variability of sea surface temperature, ocean colour, biological
activity and associated bio-geochemical fluxes in the North-East Atlantic.
Within this activity the development and validation of numerical models of
the area will be undertaken (see also the S/T Support Commission study,
OCEAN).

**69**

-23

_Processes Related to Large Scale Changes in Terrestrial Ecosystems._ The
principal objective of this work is to develop approaches to the study of
changes in terrestrial vegetation canopies at regional to global scales using
remote sensing data. In so doing, it is intended to model the interactions
between terrestrial surfaces and the climate in order to better understand
the possible impacts of change in the biosphere-atmosphere coupling.

_Technologies and_ _Engineering_

Evaluation of a number of advanced techniques which will become important in
the future as new earth observation systems are developed. These advanced
techniques include:

a) Microwave remote sensing
b) Imaging spectrometry
c) Data processing

Each of these are described in more detail below:

_Microwave_ _Remote Sensing._ The objective of this work is to undertake
signature research in the microwave region of the electro-magnetic
spectrum via laboratory, airborne and spaceborne techniques, in order to
improve the knowledge of the status and dynamics of ecosystem
components. Particular emphasis will be given to the implementation and
use of a signature laboratory, the implementation of a European
programme for airborne remote sensing experiments, the application and
interpretation of ERS-1 data, and to the development of advanced
techniques of information extraction from microwave data.

_Imaging_ _Spectrometry._ This activity will evaluate the potential of high
spectral resolution data for use in land resources applications, land
degradation and soil erosion processes. Atmospheric, bi-directional and
polarization effects will be evaluated.

In addition, field radiometry will be applied in an evaluation of water,
plants and the atmosphere; this will include the organisation of radiometric
ground data campaigns in order to calibrate airborne and space sensors and
to validate atmospheric corrections and classification algorithms.

_Data Processing._ Data processing techniques will be developed to handle
data from advanced sensors, such as imaging spectrometers and radars.
Methodologies will also be developed to include advanced image
interpretation techniques using artificial intelligence and neural networks
and processing imaging spectrometry data.

_**Human Capital and Mobility**_

The Institute, being involved in the implementation of a new and advanced
technique like observation of the earth from space, is particularly adapted to the
training of young scientists in the field. Through a network with national teams
and laboratories the areas for this training can be:

microwave signature
high resolution spectrometry
expert systems applied to spaceborne data processing
development of geographical information systems
thematic applications of remote sensing

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**24**

_**SCIENTIFIC**_ _**AND**_ _**TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE**_ _**COMMISSION**_

_Agriculture_

**Two studies** **will** **be undertaken in the field of agricultural policy:**

_Common Agricultural_ _Policy (Agriculture,_ _DG VI)_ and the _Statistical_ _Office_
_(EUROSTAT): Pilot Project of Remote Sensing Applied_ _to_ _Agricultural_
_**Statistics.**_ **The objective of this work is to develop and demonstrate,** **up** **to**
**the semi-operational scale, methodologies which integrate remote sensing**
**data into the collection of statistics of crop acreage and agricultural**
**production in the** **CEC.**

_Common_ _Agricultural_ _Policy (DG VI, FEOGA): Integrated_ _System_ _of_
_Agricultural_ _Subsidy Control based on Area Declaration._ In order to support
**operational applications in agricultural subsidy control related to the**
**declaration of areas under crop, for durum wheat, cotton, olive trees, set-**
**aside land and vineyard removal, as well as vineyard and citrus registers,**
**airborne and spaceborne remotely sensed data will be integrated in a**
**complete system which will reduce the quantity of fieldwork and also**
**reduce the subjectivity of the control decision.**

_Tropical Vegetation_ _Monitoring_

**Two studies will be undertaken involving the monitoring of tropical vegetation:**

_Development_ _Policy (DG VIII): Application_ _of Remote Sensing to_ _the_
_**Monitoring of Tropical Vegetation.**_ **The objective of this work** **is** **to continue**
**the development of remote** **sensing** **techniques in the monitoring and**
**forecasting of foodcrop production in West Africa, the evaluation of the**
**impact of vegetation conditions upon water resources in West African river**
**basins,** **and to undertake an inventory of tropical forests and deforestation**
**on a global scale (see also Specific Programme, Global Change).**

_External Affairs (DG_ _I):_ _Detection of Narcotic Plants_ A feasibility study
**regarding the potential detection of narcotic crops (coca, poppy) using**
**remotely sensed data will be undertaken for specific sites throughout the**
**world.**

_Ma rin e En vironmen_ t

**Two studies will be undertaken including the marine environment:**

_External_ _Affairs_ _(DG_ _I):_ _Applications_ _of Remote_ _Sensing to_ _Marine_
_**Productivity.**_ **The application of remote sensing data, in conjunction with**
**conventional oceanography and meteorological data, will be evaluated for**
**the study of coastal upwelling and fishery management off the Northwest**
**African coast (see also the Specific Programme, Global Change).**

_Environment_ _(DG XI): Ocean Colour European Archive Network_ _(OCEAN)_
_**Project.**_ **OCEAN, a joint initiative of** **IRSA** **and ESA, aims at a thorough**
**reappraisal of all ocean colour data derived from the Coastal Zone Colour**
**Scanner (CZCS) on seas of European concern, and at their exploitation for an**
**improved understanding of marine environmental issues (reference should**
**also be made to the Specific Programme, Global Change).**

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-25

_Land Use_

_Environment_ _(DG XI): Corine Land_ _Cover._ The objective of this ongoing
study is to implement methods to update the Corine land cover database
using existing methods developed under the S/T Support Commission study
on Agricultural Statistics, and new methods incorporating automatic
classification techniques to permit regular updating.

_**CONTRACTUAL WORK**_ _**FOR EXTERNAL**_ _**THIRD**_ _**PARTIES**_

The contractual work for external third parties comprises the developments,
implementation and testing of the lidar fluorosensor on a helicopter-based
platform in cooperation with an industrial firm. The Institute also plans to make
available to outside third parties, its specialised scientific installations, such as the
radar signature laboratory. Its planned support to the European Environment
Agency, notably by the application of remote sensing techniques, will be
included under this heading.

_Cooperation with_ _**ESA**_

In addition to the OCEAN project, the Institute is implementing two other
European projects:

_Tropical Forest Monitoring_ _**(TREES).**_ The TREES Project, jointly undertaken
with ESA, will develop a satellite-based methodology for a continuous
monitoring of the tropical forest at global levels using AVHRR and ERS-1,
SAR data (see also Specific Programme Global Change).

_European Airborne Remote Sensing Capabilities_ _**(EARSEC).**_ The objective of
this work, jointly undertaken with ESA, is to establish a European capability
for carrying out airborne remote sensing campaigns. This capability
incorporates sensors, aircraft and processor, and includes the development
of these facilities to JRC specifications.

Several of the activities of the Institute both under the specific research
programme and other headings, could be concentrated on a shorter term and a
longer term basis around the Centre for Earth Observation (CEO) to be
established at the JRC through a collaboration inside with the other relevant JRC
Institutes (El and ISEI) and outside the JRC with ESA and national authorities.

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**26**

**SAFETY TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE (STI)**

**/.** _**OBJECTIVES**_

The Institute's role in the context of JRC activities is to contribute to the
understanding of complex physical and chemical phenomena and the
development and validation of calculational tools in areas which are of particular
concern for the public at large such as safety of nuclear and non-nuclear
installations, environment, waste treatment of nuclear materials and safeguards.
Experience shows that due to the complexity and severity of problems, reference
solutions have to be prepared at European level which make best use of available
experience in the Member States.

The approach to the problem conducted by the Institute is deterministic in nature
and has to be seen as a logical complement to the probabilistic and system frame
which is being developed by the Institute for Systems Engineering and
Informatics. Coordination of the two approaches is guaranteed by the European
Office for Safety described in the introduction chapter, section 14.

STI is keen to keep a balanced approach between experimentation and
theoretical analysis. For particular purposes unique facilities are designed,
constructed and operated. Member States are invited to make extensive use of
these expensive installations in order to avoid similar expenditures in their home
organisations and draw the benefits from well coordinated programmes executed
at Commission and national level.

**//.** _**1992- 1994**_ _**ACTIVITIES**_

_SPECIFIC_ _**PROGRAMMES**_

The Institute's contribution to the _**Measurement and Testing**_ programme will be
centred around the _Reaction_ _Wall_ facility that is designed to test full scale
structures to seismic and other loadings andean be used to help define norms and
standards particularly in the civil engineering industry. It is fully complementary
to smaller scale shaking tables in Member States. The analysis and experimental
activities are part of a programme which has been agreed by an Association of
European Laboratories.

The research activities to be undertaken by STI under the _**Environment**_
_Programme_ regard industrial safety. This activity involves, to a large extent,
disciplinary scientific competences and technical know-how in the field of fluid
dynamics and multiphase flow which have been developed in the past years by
the Institute in nuclear reactor safety investigations.

Industrial safety concentrates on processes in the chemical industry. Strong
motives for research efforts in this area are:

the necessity for industry to implement appropriate engineering safety
measures and to update the latter in the light of technical progress;

the need to improve continuously knowledge regarding anomalies and
safety features of processes;

the need to formulate guidelines for safety methodologies for industrial
applications, especially in view of the completion of the internal market.

**73**

**-27-**

**Phenomena** **investigated regard a sequence of failures and engineering safety**
**measures in chemical processes: (a) off-normal chemical reactor operation**
**leading to "runaway", (b) emergency pressure relief and fluid discharge from**
**reactor vessels, (c) release of hazardous fluids with subsequent formation of a**
**"dense vapour cloud" which may disperse in the environment and which may**
**explode** **if** **the substances released are flammable.**

**STI will strengthen its expertise in the above area by operating experimental**
**facilities ("FIRES" for chemical runaway reations, MPMC for emergency venting**
**on problems of industrial relevance) and by applying and validating computer**
**programmes (dealing with runaway, venting, "dense" vapour cloud dispersion,**
**explosion, and flame propagation).**

**The work will be done in close association and partnership with chemical industry**
**and address the safety aspects of prevention, mitigation and consequence**
**assessment. A strong link already exists with Shared Cost Action programme**
**STEP,** **executed by the Commission.**

**In** **the ERCOFTAC consortium, the JRC has become a pilot centre for multiphase**
**multicomponent** **flow.** **Here, the specialised informatics infrastructure and**
**expertise of the Institute will be placed at the disposal of the participants of the**
**consortium.**

**In** _**Nuclear**_ _**Fission**_ _**Safety**_ **and** _**Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion**_ **the Institute has**
**to accommodate substantial reduction while keeping and developing scientific**
**competence in those areas which are of renewed public concern. The Institute**
**will concentrate on those projects where a coordinated effort on a European or**
**international scale is necessary to make best use of resources and to reach**
**common views in the scientifically most complex areas.**

**In the** _**Reactor Safety**_ **programme the Institute will concentrate on the following**
**main items which are all intended to be a focal point and substantial contribution**
**to severe accident control and mitigation measures:**

**the development and validation of computer codes for the estimation of the**
**amount and quality of radioactive products which could potentially be**
**released to the environment in the case of severe accidents in light water**
**reactors (ESTER);**

**the execution of large and small scale tests to study different aspects of**
**aerosols and FP chemistry and physics and to provide a data base for code**
**validation. Of particular importance in this context will be the continued**
**participation of the Commission in the Phebus in pile fission product release**
**testing programme and related activities which will be partially performed**
**in-house;**

**also for light water reactors, the study of complex phenomena like melt**
**quenching in the coolant (in-vessel or ex-vessel) in the case of fuel melting**
**and release on the vessel bottom or in the reactor cavity. In the FARO plant,**
**tests with real reactor material in representative conditions will be**
**performed. Later on, ex-vessel situations are also expected to be studied;**

**new studies will be undertaken on the containment (loading and response)**
**in the case of severe accidents in close cooperation with Member States'**
**organizations.**

**In the** _**Safeguards**_ **Research Programme, the STI contributes to research aiming at**
**seeking at medium term and longer term basis new and improved methods for**
**the Safeguards activities executed by the Commission inspectors (DG XVII) and**

**74**

-28

IAEA inspectors in the frame of the EURATOM Treaty and the Non-Proliferation
Treaty. The research and collaboration with national research thus underpins the
technical support provided by the JRC to DG XVII and to DG I (for IAEA).

The mam scope of the programme is:

Design and construction of integrated non destructive assay instruments;

Development of techniques for NDA monitoring of Fissile Material;

Setting up facilities for calibration and training.

The Safety Technology Institute has set up the calibration and training laboratory
_PRE PERLA_ that started operation in 1987 having an important inventory of well
characterized reference materials. An average of 12 training cou^ <?s for t [i% ]

facility are given each year to Euratom and IAEA inspectors as p a r : the la
described scientific and technolo< I support to the Commission.

In 1991, the new _PERLA_ labor ry will be operational and wi. gradual»
substitute PRE PERLA.

A new generation of intelligent instruments specifically studied for customers will
be developed to be delivered to the DG XVII Safeguards Directorate and IAEA.

New Fissile Material bulk standards will be characterized and acquired for the
PERLA inventory.

The Institute's contribution to the _**Radioactive Waste Management**_ programme
has always pursued a double objective: to support available technologies for fuel
reprocessing and waste disposal and to carry out research which may lead to
diminution of waste and mitigate the acceptability problems of final waste
disposal

In particular the _PETRA_ facility has been designed an onstructed to undertake
tasks on a significant scale which may be summarised a. ollows :

extend the Purex process to handle fuel elements having a high-burn-up;

provide an independent characterisation of vitrified waste;

verify new partitioning processes for the separation of long lived
radioisotopes;

process non-standard spent fuel;

test methods and procedures pertaining to fissile material accountancy.

Because of the multipurpose nature of the programme and the diverse interests
of customers, PETRA will be operated with funding which is shared equally by the
JRC programme, and interested organisations in Member States or third
countries. It is foreseen at this stage to ensure a gradual operation .f PETRA
which should not be initiated before the availability of funds oucside the
programme is confirmed.

The JRC activities in _**Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion**_ are largely oriented
towards nuclear safety-relevant aspects of fusion machines aimed at preventing
and eventually mitigating adverse effects from both routinely and accidentally
originated release of radioactive materials, prevailingly tritium, into the working
and generic environment. In this context, STI will concentrate almost entirely on

**75**

**-29-**

the operation of _ETHEL,_ the European Tritium Handling Experimental Laboratory.
JRC and KfK cooperated in the design and construction of their tritium
laboratories and together they will propose a detailed plan which takes into
account the urgency of problems to be solved for JET and NET/ITER. ETHEL is more
safety-oriented with particular emphasis given to investigating the migration
modes of tritium in materials, components and equipments and to assessing
transfer mechanisms with the ultimate aim of improving the protection of both
the workers and the general public. ETHEL presents unique possibilities for
studying loss mechanisms through containment barriers, investigating multiple
containment systems and developing improved solid tritiated waste handling,
treatment, conditioning and disposal techniques.

With the availability of two "climate chambers", the small and the large caisson
of respectively 5 and 350 m* volume ETHEL is particularly suited for bench mark
and scale-up tests of any kind of large gas volume treatment systems, thus closing
the gap between laboratory-scale results and plant-scale design specifications.

In particular, the following topical areas will be addressed in separate series of
experiments:

Tritium interaction with first wall materials;

Detritiation of large scale air or inert atmospheres in both normal and
accidental conditions;

Purification of plasma exhaust and tritium recovery from helium;

Removal of impurities from hydrogen isotopes and subsequent hydrogen,
deuterium, tritium separation;

Development of improved tritiated waste management techniques.

The above activities will be mainly oriented by the NET/ITER needs. In addition,
work has been identified in support to JET, the inclusion of which in the
experimental activities of the ETHEL was judged most useful.

The most urgent problem for JET in connection with the preparation of the
tritium phase is to demonstrate to the licensing authorities experimentally the
tritium permeation rate through thin wall stainless steel bellows at elevated
temperatures under dynamic operating conditions. It can be anticipated that
many similar problems will arise for NET, where confidence of the licensing bodies
will be obtainable only by practical demonstration. ETHEL is a candidate facility
for such support work.

The Institute is called to give a minor contribution to the _**Working Environment**_
programme. Laboratories presently working in this area are mostly involved in
solving problems that require immediate solutions. The aim of STI is to find
general calculation methods that can be used in the development of norms. The
work will have the following thrusts:

basic activities on _noise generation_ and study of _transport_ _of toxic_ _and_
_inflammable_ products in a closed environment.

All the above are contributions to the Framework Programme and reinforce the
objectives in the various chapters in which the JRC participates.

**76**

                               - 3 0 

_Human_ _Capital and_ _Mobility_

By its multidisciplinary nature, and because of the focal role of some of its
important and unique installations, the Institute is particularly well prepared to
contribute to this programme. The Institute offers training for young researchers
and also draws upon the established networks with national laboratories and
teams which could be further developed. This will include ERCOFTAC and the
European Association of Structural Mechanics Laboratories.

_SCIENTIFIC_ _AND_ _**TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE**_ _**COMMISSION**_

It is planned that the Institute will take a more vigorous part in the _Scientific and_
_Technological Support for_ _**the**_ _Commission_ task.

This will include continuing provision of safeguards tools as requested by the
DGXVII Safeguards Directorate and the IAEA (Support to DG I). In the same
frame, as mentioned above, there will be organised training courses for
safeguards inspectors both from DG XVII and from IAEA using the unique facilities
offered by the PERLA facility.

As already initiated, the STI will continue, but at an increased level, to respond to
the request of DG XIII for testing and implementing new techniques and
equipment developed in the ESPRIT programme. Furthermore, it will continue to
honour the demand from DG XIII for exploitation of research results stemming
from the activities of the Institute.

Assistance and transfer of know-how is expected to be provided for DG XI (Safety)
and DG III (Norms and Standards) and the verification work on imported
instruments for DG XXI.

_CONTRACTUAL_ _**WORK**_ _**FOR EXTERNAL**_ _**THIRD**_ _**PARTIES**_

Concerning _**Contractual Work**_ _for_ _**External**_ _**Third**_ _**Parties,**_ the Institute is planning
a vigorous effort for selling the use of existing facilities to industry and national
organizations and to put a wider range of multidisciplinary competences at the
disposal of clients from public or private bodies.

Ongoing contract work and promising potentials are notably related to industrial
hazards studies for chemical industries, behaviour of structures submitted to
dynamic loading for building and construction industries, nuclear industries and
petrochemical industries. Particular nuclear safety studies are ongoing for
national authorities or the nuclear industry both related to reactor design and
operation and to nuclear fuel cycle safety. Furthermore, it is intended to perform
specific studies related to tritium technology for public authorities or industry.

**77**

**-31-**

**INSTITUTE FOR PROSPECTIVE TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES**

**/.** _**OBJECTIVES**_

**The basic task of the Institute is the acquisition, treatment and analysis of**
**information concerning the state and trends of science and technology (S&T) and**
**the execution of prospective studies in targeted areas of S&T.**

**The aim of the Institute's programme of work is to provide the Institute's**
**customers with the background knowledge - data and reasoned arguments,**
**scenarios, etc - necessary for informed decision making in matters concerning S&T.**
**Thus,** **the Institute carries out strategic studies of technological developments for**
**external customers (mainly other Services of the Commission, but also third party**
**customers) and for the JRC (other Institutes, or at the request of the Director**
**General's Office). The Institute acts as a consulting office, with no independent**
**programme, operating in accordance with the customer-contractor principle and**
**this clearly affects the structure of its activities.**

**In order to carry out its tasks the Institute has two main functions. The first of**
**these is the observatory function in which the Institute endeavours to:**

**collect information on trends in technological innovation;**

**analyse, process and present the information in order to help determine**
**research and technological development strategies;**

**develop and use specialized databases of the information collected by the**
**Institute, and**

**describe the state of science and technology in selected areas of interest to**
**the Community.**

**The second function is to execute prospective technological studies. This involves**
**preparing S&T assessments, forecasts and scenarios** **as** **an aid to the formulation of**
**research and development strategies, including analyses of economic, social and**
**environmental impacts.**

**In pursuit of both functions, the Institute will make the best possible use of**
**existing national bodies active in the same area, organizing European networks of**
**S&T observatories and prospective studies units.**

**In this context, the Commission has received an offer from the Spanish**
**Government to host the Institute at Seville within the Science Park which will be**
**developed there following the EXPO 92. With assurance that the Institute would**
**work in a scientific and technical environment, where a strong interaction occurs**
**with research structures located at the same place and assurance that the**
**implantation would not lead to** **any** **additional financial burden to the JRC, the**
**Commission considers the proposal favourably.**

**The potential availability of work for third parties will be a strong determining**
**factor in the decision concerning the location of the Institute.**

**78**

32

**//.** _**1992- 1994 ACTIVITIES**_

_SPECIFIC_ _**PROGRAMMES**_

Work for other JRC institutes will constitute the Institute's input to the
Framework Programme (the main contribution being under _**Human**_ _**Capital**_ _**and**_
_Mobility_ which is described below). As an example of this work, it is expected that
the studies on _Advanced_ _**Materials**_ will continue under this heading.

_Human Capital and_ _Mobility_

The Institute will offer young research fellows the opportunity to receive
specialized training in the field of technological prospective and assessment.

Basically, the programme will involve "training-through-research", whereby small
teams, (e.g. 4 to 6 people each) are formed, including young scientists and at least
one member of the Institute's staff.

Each team will be in charge of a project concerning technology assessment and
study of technological prospects in a selected field, chosen from among the
priority subjects for the Institute.

Collaboration and exchange of people with other institutes in the Member States
will be organized and bi-annual seminars, with the participation of external
experts, will allow the review and evaluation of the work done by each team.

In addition, the research fellows will be provided with training courses in
Technological Forecasting and Assessment, language courses and introductory
courses in European Affairs.

_**SCIENTIFIC**_ _**AND**_ _**TECHNOLOGICAL SUPPORT FOR THE**_ _**COMMISSION**_

The future priority envisaged for the Institute is the execution of projects under
the "Support to the Commission" umbrella. This represents the central mission of
the Institute and it will be covered by a series of multiannual contracts with
several Commission Services (Forward Studies Unit (CdP), DG III, DG VII, DG XI,
etc.). The work will consist of prospective studies in a restricted number of
sectors and horizontal fields in which the Institute has, or is building up, expertise
and reputation. These subjects will be reflected in the Institute's Annual Work
Plans. They will be revised/modified as appropriate f o l l o w i n g the
customer/contractor principle. The main fields of activity are expected to be the
following:

_Energy systems:_ technological and market penetration potential of
renewable energies; energy conservation; future options, such as fusion
energy; problems related to C0 2 control and other environmental issues.

_Transport systems:_ air transport and aeronautical industries; high speed
surface transportation; urban transport, etc.

_Environment:_ environmental impact of new technologies; technological
options related to pollution avoidance; environmental technologies

_Future technologies:_ market penetration of selected advanced materials;
materials in space applications; space markets; etc.

**79**

**-33**

_**CONTRACTUAL WORK**_ _**FOR EXTERNAL THIRD PARTIES**_

To date, this has been largely restricted to central or regional public bodies in the
Member States. The BMFT (German Federal Ministry for Research and
Technology) Fusion contract is a good example. In the future it is hoped to
introduce an industrial and private sector element.

_**ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES**_

Some "horizontal" or ad-hoc studies will be performed for and with DG XII and
the JRC DG on issues such as:

innovation process and industrial competitiveness;

cross-impact of technologies (dual use and cross-sectoral fertilization);

future strategies for the JRC and for some of its Institutes.

Baseline studies will be executed, with marginal resources, together with DG
Xll/Monitor and OECD, to improve the tools required by prospective activities (S&T
indicators, interfacing national data bases, etc.).

Finally, the network activities should be consolidated in the 1992-1994 time
frame. The Institute's antennae in North America and Japan should be fully
operational and they, together with a network of national experts in the Member
States, will make significant contributions to the studies of the Institute.

**80**

#### **FINANCIAL STATEMENTS**

###### **81**

Fiche financière N° 1 page 1

**FICHE** **FINANCIERE** **N°1:**

Activités de recherche: 3ème programme cadre

1. Intitulé de l'action:

Voir ci-dessus.

2. Lignes budgétaires concernées:

B6.11 personnel (en partie);
B6.121 infrastructures administratives et techniques (en partie);
B6.122 supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie);
B6.3 crédits opérationnels directs.

3. Base légale:

Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994 (3ème programme cadre
1990-94).

4. Description de l'action:

4.1. Objectif spécifique de l'action: activités de recherche, action directe,
menées par le CCR dans les domaines suivants:

Technologies industrielles et des matériaux: M a t é r i a u x,
Environnement du travail;
Mesures et essais;
Environnement;
Sûreté de la fission;
Fusion;
Capital humain et mobilité.

Il est prévu d'autre part de consacrer une partie des crédits et moyens,
à concurrence de 6 % des montants initialement prévus, à des activités
de recherche exploratoire dans des domaines prometteurs.

4.2. Durée:

Exercice 1992-94.

4 3. Population visée par l'action:

Communauté scientifique internationale.

5. Classification **de** la **dépense ou des recettes**

5.1. DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires).

5.2. CD (Crédits dissociés).

5.3. Types de recettes visées: ressources propres de la Communauté.

**82**

**Fiche financière N°** **1** **page 2**

**La nature de la dépense:**

**Couverture des différents moyens mis en oeuvre pour l'exécution des**
**programmes de recherches tels que repris au point 2.**

**Incidence financière:**

**7.1.** **Mode** **de calcul du coût total de l'action:**

**prévision des dépenses de personnel sur base de** **l'évolution**
**économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la**
**Communauté hôtes** **des** **centres de recherche du CCR;**

**prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et**
**techniques, dans les mêmes conditions;**

**évaluation des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution des**
**programmes de recherches (dépenses directes pour**
**fonctionnement, équipements et contrats).**

**Le tableau ci-après met en évidence la nature des dépenses par**
**programme spécifique.**

Programme CCR 1992-94
Moyens de réalisation

**Support**
**Scient/techn.**

**1.639.471**

**207.524**

**11.561.275**

**3.832.520**

**23.813.932**

**5.205.721**

**29.726**

**46.290.169**

Activité

Matériaux

Environnement

du travail

Mesures et essais

Environnement

Fission

Fusion

Capital humain
et mobilité

Total Prog.-cadre

**Personnel**

**49 306.812**

**8.073** **477**

**53.688813**

**99.207.976**

**97 480.344**

**25.996.697**

**3087 557**

**336.841 676**

**Infrastructure**
**admin./tech.**

**8.027.726**

**1.322.509**

**10.012.396**

**16.513.872**

**18.436.924**

**4.591.464**

**4.508.344**

**63.413.235**

Total

9.667.197

1 530.033

21 573.671

20.346.392

42.250.856

9.797.185

4.538.070

109.703.404

Crédits
opérationnels

6.366.000

2.277.000

13.837.000

28.945.000

24.609.000

4.796.000

17.124.000

97.954.000 | 544.499.080

TOTAL

65.340.009

11 880.510

89.099.484

148.499.368

164.340.200

40.589.882

24.749.627

**Il** **est à noter que la Commission prévoit un développement des**
**activités de** **l'Institut** **des Matériaux de Petten** **s'accompagnant** **d'un**
**accroissement des effectifs de cet Institut. A cette fin un nouveau**
**bâtiment à usage de bureaux et laboratoires sera construit sur le te**
**de Petten; cette construction fera** **l'objet** **d'un contrat de lea. ng**
**immobilier avec** **l'ECN** **de Petten.**

**La signature en est prévue à la fin de** **l'exercice** **1991 avec un premier**
**versement de 320.000** **écus.** **Le solde payable en 5 annualités de**
**300.000** **écus** **permettra au CCR de devenir propriétaire de cette-**
**construction à** **l'issue** **de cette période. Le coût global de** **l'opération** **y**
**compris travaux annexes et aménagements intérieurs est estimé à**
**1.900.000** **écus.**

**83**

Fiche financière **N°** 2 **page 1**

**FICHE** **FINANCIERE N°** **2:**

Activités de Support **scientifique et** technique **à la Commission**

**1.** Intitulé de l'action:

Activités de Support à la Commission

2. Lignes budgétaires concernées:

B6.11 personnel (en partie);
B6.121 infrastructures administratives et techniques (en partie);
B6.122 supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie);
B6.421 crédits opérationnels directs.

3. Base légale:

Article 8 du Traité instituant la Communauté Européenne de l'Energie
Atomique (EURATOM);

Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994.

4. Description de l'action:

4.1. Objectif spécifique de l'action:

Apporter aux politiques sectorielle de la Commission, chaque fois que
de besoin, l'expertise ou le support scientifique et technique du CCR
dans les domaines de sa compétence.

4.2. Durée:

La plupart de ces actions s'étendent sur plusieurs exercices et font
l'objet d'accords pluriannuels avec les Directions générales
concernées. Certaines d'entre elles ont toutefois un caractère
ponctuel et ne font pas l'objet d'un accord pluriannuel.

4.3. Population visée par l'action:

l'ensemble de la population concernée par les politiques sectorielles
communautaires faisant appel à des technique relevant du domaine
de la Recherche et du Développement.

5. Classification de la dépense:

5.1. DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires).

5.2. CD (Credits dissociés).

5.3. Types de recettes visées: ressources propres de la Communauté.

**84**

**Fiche financière** **N°** **2 page 2**

**6.** **Type de la dépense:**

**Couverture des différents moyens** **rms** **en oeuvre pour l'exécution des**
**activités de support scientifique et technique tels que repris au point 2.**

**Incidence financière:**

**7.1.** **Mode** **de calcul du coût total de** **l'action**

**prévision des dépenses de personnel sur base de l'évolution**
**économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la**
**Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR;**

**prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et**
**techniques, dans les mêmes conditions;**

**évaluation des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution des**
**programmes de recherches (dépenses directes** **pour**
**fonctionnement, équipements et contrats).**

**Le tableau ci-après met en évidence la nature des dépenses par**
**programme spécifique.**

Programme CCR 1992-94
Moyens de réalisation

Total

26.370.670

Support
Scient/techn.

8.084.742

Activité

Support
Commission

Personnel

108278832

Infrastructure

admin./tech.

18 285 928

Crédits
opérationnels

55.351.000

TOTAL

190.000.502

**7.2.** **Part** **du "mini-budget"** **dans le** **coût total de l'action:**

**La part du mini-budget représente environ 6 % du coût total de**
**l'action.**

**7.3. Programmation indicative:**

**Le tableau ci-après met en évidence** **l'effort** **que le CCR prévoit**
**d'effectuer dans ce domaine au cours des exercices** **1992-1994.**

**8.** **Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action:**

**Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier**
**dans les quatre centres du CCR.**

**9.** **Eléments d'analyse coût-efficacité:**

**9.1.** **Appréciation et analyse des objectifs:**

**Les activité de support à la Commission sont destinées à appuyer la**
**mise en oeuvre -et/ou la formation) des politiques communautaires.**

###### **85**

**Fiche financière N°** **1** **page 3**

Il est à noter également l'intention de la Commission de procéder à la
réhabilitation d'un ensemble de logements sociaux dont dispose le
CCR Ispra (Village Brebbia) pour augmenter les capacités d'accueil des
jeunes arrivés, notamment boursiers, stagiaires, visiteurs scientifiques;
cette politique se situe en particulier dans le cadre de la politique
d'ouverture du CCR, menées depuis le début 1988 aux jeunes
scientifiques de tous les horizons.

Le coût de cette réhabilitation est estimée à 1.600.000 écus pour les
travaux de restructuration proprement dit (exercice 1993) et environ
350.000 écus pour les aménagements internes (exercice 1993).

7.2. Part du " mini-budget" dans le coût total du programme environ 1 %.

7.3. Programmation indicative.

**8.** **Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action:**

Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier
dans les quatre centres du CCR.

**9.** **Eléments d'analyse coût-efficacité:**

9.1. Appréciation et analyse des objectifs:

Les programmes spécifiques de R & D répondent aux objectifs définis
dans le programme-cadre 1990-1994 en tenant compte du principe de
subsidiarité.

Les objectifs spécifiques du CCR pour son programme 1992-1994
seront fixés dans les annexes aux décisions du Conseil. Comme prévu
dans l'article 2 du Règlement financier, chacun de ces objectifs
spécifiques fera l'objet, tout en tenant compte de la nature de la
recherche, d'une quantification par le CCR, en termes opérationnels.
Cette quantification devrait permettre l'établissement d'indicateurs
de performance qui seront utilisés dans le cadre de l'évaluation future
des résultats acquis par rapport aux.objectifs.

9.2. Justification de l'action:

Participation du CCR dans une partie des actions (actions nucléaires et
non nucléaires) dont le montant global et les thèmes ont été définis
par décision du Conseil (décision 90/224/EURATOM CEE du Conseil du
13.04.90 J.O.L 117/90).

9.3. Evaluation:

C'est dans le cadre de l'exécution proprement dite des activités du CCR
(objectif de recherche, support à la Commission, activités pour le
compte de tiers) que l'efficacité des moyens mis en oeuvre, dont le
personnel représente la composante la plus importante, est analysée
selon les critères suivants:

l'application du principe contractant-client pour les activités de
R&D du CCR garantit leur utilisation -1 % du montant réservé au
sein du programme cadre sera utilisé pour la diffusion et
l'utilisation des résultats dans le cadre du programme VALUE;

**8**

**Fiche financière N°** **1** **page 4**

**l'ensemble des activités du CCR font** **l'objet** **de "work schedules"**
**annuels soumis à l'approbation du Conseil d'Administration du**
**CCR.** **Ils** **indiquent les étapes** **des** **différents projets de R&D;**

**le système informatisé MACS de comptabilité de gestion,**
**récemment mis en service, doit permettre un contrôle plus précis**
**des** **coûts.** **Par ailleurs, la mise en place d'une unité d'efficacité de**
**gestion** **(Management** **Efficiency Unit) doit assurer la revue**
**permanente des procédés de gestion pour assurer, entre autres,**
**la diminution des frais généraux.**

**De manière à juger de leur efficacité, les activités du CCR feront**
**l'objet** **d'un suivi et d'une évaluation afin d'examiner dans quelle**
**mesure chacun des objectifs spécifiques fixés par le Conseil aura**
**été atteint tout en tenant compte des indicateurs de**
**performance préétablis et du rapport coût-efficacité.**

**87**

**Fiche financière** **N°** **2 page 1**

**FICHE** **FINANCIERE N°** **2:**

**Activités de Support scientifique et technique à la Commission**

**1.** **Intitulé de l'action:**

**Activités de Support à ia Commission**

**2.** **Lignes budgétaires concernées:**

**B6.11** **personnel (en partie);**
**B6.121** **infrastructures** **administratives et techniques (en partie);**
**B6.122** **supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie);**
**B6.421** **crédits opérationnels directs.**

**3.** **Base légale:**

**Article 8 du Traité instituant la Communauté Européenne de** **l'Energie**
**Atomique (EURATOM);**

**Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994.**

**4.** **Description de l'action:**

**4.1.** **Objectif spécifique de l'action:**

**Apporter aux politiques sectorielle de la Commission, chaque fois que**
**de besoin,** **l'expertise** **ou le support scientifique et technique du CCR**
**dans les domaines de sa compétence.**

**4.2.** **Durée:**

**La plupart de ces actions s'étendent sur plusieurs exercices et font**
**l'objet** **d'accords pluriannuels avec les Directions générales**
**concernées.** **Certaines d'entre elles ont toutefois un caractère**
**ponctuel et ne font pas** **l'objet** **d'un accord** **pluriannuel.**

**4.3.** **Population visée par l'action:**

**l'ensemble** **de la population concernée par les politiques sectorielles**
**communautaires faisant appel à des technique relevant du domaine**
**de la Recherche et du Développement.**

**5.** **Classification** **de** **la dépense:**

**5.1.** **DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires).**

**5.2. CD** **(Credits** **dissociés).**

**5.3. Types de recettes visées: ressources propres de la Communauté.**

**88**

Fiche **financière N° 2 page 2**

6. Type de la dépense:

Couverture des différents moyens mis en oeuvre pour l'exécution des
activités de support scientifique et technique tels que repris au point 2.

7. Incidence financière:

7.1. Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action:

prévision des dépenses de personnel sur base de l'évolution
économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la
Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR;

prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et
techniques, dans les mêmes conditions;

évaluation des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution des
programmes de recherches (dépenses directes p o u r
fonctionnement, équipements et contrats).

Le tableau ci-après met en évidence la nature des dépenses par
programme spécifique.

Programme CCR 1992-94
Moyens de réalisation

Total

26.370.670

**Support**
**Scient/techn.**

**8.084.742**

Activité

Support
Commission

Crédits
opérationnels

55.351.000

TOTAL

190.000.502

**Personnel**

**108278832**

**Infrastructure**

**ad m** **in./tech.**

**18 285.928**

7.2. Part du "mini-budget*' dans le coût total de l'action:

La part du mini-budget représente environ 6 % du coût total de
l'action.

7.3. Programmation indicative:

Le tableau ci-après met en évidence l'effort que le CCR prévoit
d'effectuer dans ce domaine au cours des exercices 1992-1994.

8. Dispositions **anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action:**

Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier
dans les quatre centres du CCR.

9. Eléments **d'analyse coût-efficacité:**

9.1. Appréciation et analyse des objectifs:

Les activité de support à la Commission sont destinées à appuyer la
mise en oeuvre -et/ou la formation) des politiques communautaires.

**89**

**Fiche financière N° 2 page 3**

9.2. Justification de l'action:

L'application du principe contractant-client pour les activités de R & D
garantit leur utilisation.

9.3. Evaluation:

ces activités sont analysées et contrôlées comme toute les autres
activités du CCR;

l'ensemble des activités du CCR font l'objet de "work schedules"
annuels soumis à l'approbation du Conseil d'Administration du
CCR. Ils indiquent les étapes des différents projets de R&D;

le système informatisé MACS de comptabilité de gestion,
récemment mis en service, doit permettre un contrôle plus précis
des coûts. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d'une unité d'efficacité de
gestion (Management Efficiency Unit) doit assurer la revue
permanente des procédés de gestion pour assurer, entre autres,
la diminution des frais généraux;

de plus, les objectifs à atteindre, les moyens nécessaires et les
résultats obtenus font l'objet d'examens périodiques entre les
responsables de la Direction générale du CCR et les autres
Directions générales concernées.

**80**

**Fiche financière** **N°** **3 page 1**

**FICHE** **FINANCIERE N°** **3:**

**Prestations de services pour le compte de tiers**

**1.** Intitulé de l'action:

Voir ci-dessus.

2. Lignes budgétaires **concernées:**

B6.11 personnel (en partie);
B6.121 infrastructures administratives et techniques (en partie);
B6.122 supports scientifiques et techniques (en partie);
B6.431.

Cette dernière ligne est destinée a accueillir les crédits nécessaires aux
dépenses spécifiques des divers travaux exécutés pour le compte de tiers qui
font, cas par cas, l'objet d'une évaluation avec les tiers concernés.

Conformément aux dispositions de l'article 96 paragraphe 1 du règlement
financier, cette ligne fera l'objet, en cours d'exercice, de l'ouverture de
crédits supplémentaires pour les dépenses spécifiques propres à chaque
contrat avec un tiers, à concurrence des recettes à inscrire au poste
correspondant du budget général.

3. Base légale:

Règlement Financier, Article 96:

Résolution du Conseil du 29 juin 1988, concernant les activités devant être
exécutées par le Centre Commun de recherche (CCR) (J.P. n° C 197 du
27.7.1988, p. 4);

Décision 89/340/CEE du Conseil, du 3 mai 1988, concernant les travaux en
rapport avec la Communauté économique européenne, réalisés pour des
tiers par le Centre commun de recherche (JO n° L 142 du 25.5.1989, p. 10);

Proposition de **programme** du **CCR 1992-1994.**

**4.** **Description de l'action:**

4.1 Objectifs spécifiques de l'action:

Exécuter sur demande et contre rémunération des travaux pour le
compte de tiers.

4.2. Durée:

Actions ponctuelles renouvelables ayant souvent un caractère
plunannuel.

4.3. Population visée par l'action:

Organismes de recherche, industries et PME (Petites et Moyennes
Entreprises).
**91**

**Fiche** **financière N°** **3 page 2**

**Classification de la dépense ou des recettes:**

**5.1.** **DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires).**

**5.2. CD (Crédits dissociés).**

**5.3. Types de recettes visées:**

**Ressources propres de la Communauté donnant lieu à remboursement**
**et recettes tiers.**

**6.** **La nature des recettes:**

**Types de la dépense et de la recette:**

**Les travaux donnent par principe lieu à recettes dans le cadre de contrats**
**signés** **avec** **des tiers.**

**Toutefois pour garantir la couverture légale du personnel relevant du**
**Tableau des effectifs et assurer le fonctionnement des Instituts et des**
**services responsables du site** **d'Ispra** **une avance sous forme de crédits**
**budgétaires, articles** **B6-111,** **B6-121 et B6-122 correspondant aux moyens**
**(frais généraux correspondant au personnel de recherche envisagé et**
**utilisation des Supports scientifiques et techniques) que le CCR prévoit de**
**mettre à disposition de ce type d'activité est demandée à** **l'Autorité**
**Budgétaire. Dans ces conditions une recette correspondante est constituée**
**par les ressources propres de la Communauté, mais elle devrait être**
**couverte par des contrats tiers d'un montant équivalent.**

**Les recettes provenant de contrats tiers au-delà de ce remboursement**
**permettent la création de crédits supplémentaires à** **l'article** **B6 431 afin de**
**couvrir des dépenses spécifiques nécessaires pour l'exécution des contrats**
**(article** **96** **du** **R.F.)**

**7.** **Incidence financière:**

**7.1.** **Mode de calcul du coût total de** **l'action** **:**

**Compte tenu de l'expérience du passé et du personnel que le CCR**
**prévoit de mettre à disposition de ces activités le mode de calcul est**
**celui des autres activités du CCR.**

**prévisions des dépenses de personnel sur base de** **l'évolution**
**économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la**
**Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR;**

**prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et**
**techniques, dans les mêmes conditions;**

**évolution des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution de ces**
**activités pour le compte de tiers. Sur base de l'expérience acquise**
**lors** **du programme 1988-1991** **ces** **crédits spécifiques sont évalués**
**à 40 % du coût total des contrats tiers.**

**7.2.** **Part** **du "mini-budget"** **dans** **le coût total de l'action:**

**Sans objet.**
###### **92**

Fiche financière N° 3 page 3

7.3. Programmation indicative:

En principe sans objet, s'agissant d'actions ponctuelles.

Le tableau ci-après met toutefois en évidence l'effet que le CCR
prévoit d'effectuer dans ce domaine au cours des exercices 1992 à
1994.

Programme CCR 1992-94
Moyens de réalisation

Total

9.565.600

TOTAL

68.000.664

**Support**
**Scient./techn.**

**3.728.573**

**Infrastructure**
**admin./tech.**

**5.837 027**

Crédits
opérationnels

24.367.000

Activité

Prestations tiers

**Personnel**

**34.068 064**

7.4. Gestion des recettes:

Les recettes provenant des prestations pour tiers donnent lieu à
remboursement des lignes budgétaires concernées (voir point 2) à
concurrence des recettes encaissées.

A cette fin les recettes provenant des prestations pour tiers sont
ventilées entre:

les recettes d o n n a n t lieu à l ' o u v e r t u r e de crédits
supplémentaires;

les recettes donnant lieu à remboursement au budget général.
Ces dernières correspondent aux remboursements dus au titre
des avances effectuées par le budget général.

Elles concernent:

les dépenses de personnel;
les frais généraux;
les éventuels supports scientifiques et techniques.

Les montants donnant lieu à remboursement sont déterminés lors de
l'établissement de chaque contrat de prestations pour tiers,
conformément aux règles internes.

Lors de leur encaissement, les recettes dont imputées à l'état des
recettes sur les lignes budgétaires ouvertes à cet effet.

8. Dispositions **anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action:**

Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier
dans les quatre centres du CCR.

9. Eléments **d'analyse coût-efficacité:**

9.1. Appréciation et analyse des objectifs:

Les activités pour comptes de tiers sont destinées pour l'essentiel à
renforcer la compétitivité industrielle de la Communauté.
**93**

**Fiche financière** **N°** **3 page 4**

9.2. Justification de l'action

L'application du principe contractant-client pour les activités de R & D
du CCR garantit leur utilisation.

9.3. Evaluation:

le nombre et le volume des contrats signés dans ce cadre est un
indice d'évaluation du coût /efficacité;

le système informatisé MACS de comptabilité de gestion,
récemment mis en service, doit permettre un contrôle plus précis
des coûts. Par ailleurs, la mise en place d'une unité d'efficacité de
gestion (Management Efficiency Unit) doit assurer la revue
permanente des procédés de gestion pour assurer, entre autres,
la diminution des frais généraux.

**94**

worfc for third Qflr»i Tt (etctudlna ^Fft)
est imatedi oute^m* igga-isai (UECin

```
I Estimate

M991

i

i

! 18.0

  19,0*

  3,3*

  8,0*

```

```
! 40.0

1

1

1 23,0*

1

i

i

•
i

i

J 3.3»

1
•
•

•
i
1

!

1 14.0»

I

```

```
I Total ioojectfve
I(est lasts) Ifor 1992|
!1988-91 j-1994 J

```

```
VAI. Ufc OF C0NTRAC1S SIGNFD

Wl TH THIRO PARTUS

```

```
{Actual

!1988-90

1 23.5

```

```
1 68 |

• i

i i

i i

i i

i i

1 J

i i

i i
1 41-44 |

i S

i i

i i

       {

             •

              i

              i 1

     !

     !

              i

              i

              i

              i

```

**:**

**i**

```
 27-24 J

```

**`Fiacoipts from`** _**dt**_ **`u parties`**
```
   used to "reimburse" appro—
   pr I at ions granted for per   sonnel, infrd>tru«tur# and '
   overnead expenditure i

   Receipt* forecast for 1991 I
   and following years in order i
   to "reimburse" the appro- !
   priations granted for the !

   "ronds d'avanc© [-] i

   Keceipts used to created i
   supplementary appropriations- !
   for specific expenditure on !

   individual contracts with J

   third part ies ;

TOTAL HkCEIPTS •

  Appropriations granted !
   ror p«r>>onn«l°, infrastructure !
```

**`and overhead expenditure`** _**',**_
```
  which were not u$.«.;d and !

  t.irtfBfore cancelled J

TA^GST WORK FOR THIRD P A R T I E S

```

```
3.8

7.8

```

```
11.4 ! /I/ 28,0

```

```
J 40.0 !

i <

i i

1 1

! i

i i

i t
1 19-22 |

i »

i •

                  i

       •

                  t

                  i

                  i
 59-62 |
       *

i i

i i

```

```
   1
68 ;

p.m. ;

```

**`68`** **:**

```
10,8 !

```

```
9-12

```

```
 jiuding recoigt^ in future years (1992, etc) resulting from contract*
2,;n 0 a during th* period 1988-91.

```

95

Fiche financière N° 4 page 1

**FICHE** **FINANCIERE N°** **4:**

Exploitation du réacteur HFR

1. Intitulé de l'action:

Voir ci-dessus.

2. Lignes budgétaires concernées:

B6.11 personnel (en partie);
6220 recettes provenant de l'exploitation du HFR et destinées au
remboursement de crédits inscrits à l'état des dépenses;
6221 recettes provenant de l'exploitation du HFR et donnant lieu à
l'ouverture de crédits supplémentaires.

3. Base légale:

Proposition de programme du CCR 1992-1994, Programme complémetaire
(le Royaume des Pays Bas et la République Fédérale d'Allemagne)
1992-1995.

4. Description de l'action:

4.1. Exploitation du réacteur à haut flux (HFR) de l'Institut des Matériaux
de Petten pour les besoins des 2 gouvernements concernés.

4.2. Durée:

Exercices 1992-94. (Le programme complémentaire est pour le
période 1992-1995 bien que la programmation financière porte
seulement sur les trois premières années).

4.3. Population visée par l'action:

Les gouvernements du Royaume des Pays Bas et de la République
Fédérale d'Allemagne.

5. Classification **de** la **dépense ou des recettes:**

5.1. DNO (Dépenses non obligatoires).

5.2. CD (Crédits dissociés).

5.3. Types de recettes visées:

ressources propres de la Communauté;
recettes tiers.

6. La nature de la dépense:

Couverture des différents moyens mis en oeuvres pour l'exploitation du

HFR.

**86**

Fiche **financière** **N°** **4 page 2**

7. Incidence financière:

7.1. Mode de calcul du coût total de l'action:

prévision des dépenses de personnel sur base de l'évolution
économique à moyen terme dans les divers pays de la
Communauté hôtes des centres de recherche du CCR;

prévision des frais généraux et des supports scientifiques et
techniques, dans les mêmes conditions;

évolution des crédits spécifiques nécessaires à l'exécution des
programmes de recherches (dépenses directes pour
fonctionnement, équipements et contrats).

Le tableau ci-après met en évidence la nature des dépenses envisagées
pour cette activité.

Programme CCR 1992-94
Moyens de réalisation

Support
Scient/techn.

**34.780.435**

Crédits
opérationnels

10.053.000

TOTAL

68.999.754

Activité

Exploitation
du HFR

Personnel

**20.591.428**

Infrastructure
ad m in./tech.

**3.574.891**

Total

38.355.326

Il est à noter que le calcul de l'incidence financière a été mené en
tenant compte d'une contribution en nature fournie **par** le
Gouvernement néerlandais évaluée à 7,5 Mio écus en 3 ans.

Compte tenu de cette contribution en nature la participation
financière de chacun des 2 gouvernements concernés est de 50 _%_ .

Les dépenses de personnel donnent lieu à remboursement du budget
général.

7.2. Part du "mini-budget" dans le coût total du programme:

Sans objet.

7.3. Programmation indicative.

**8.** **Dispositions anti-fraude prévues dans la proposition d'action:**

Système de contrôle interne du CCR lui-même et du contrôleur financier
dans les quatre centres du CCR.

9. Eléments **d'analyse coût-efficacité:**

  - Eléments d'analyse coût efficacité de la responsabilité du Comité intergouvernemental de Gestion du HFR.

###### **97**

**PROGRAMME C . C . R .** **1 9 9 2 - 9 4**

Total

9.667.197

1.530.033

21.573.671

ACTIVITE

MATERIAUX

Personnel

49.306.812

6.366.000 j 65.340.009

2.277.000 | 11.880.510

13.837.000 | 89.099.484

28.945.000 1 148.499.368

         - •         - ' _\_

TOTAL

; ——!

MOYENS 0E REALISATION

Infrastructure Support

adaln./techn. scient./techn.

8.027.726 1.639.471

1.322.509 1 207.524

crédit»

opérationnels

i ENVIRONNENT TRAVAIL! 8.073.477

**1** _**•**_

**r** **.** **•**

MESURES _i_ ESSAIS ' 53.688.813 1 10.012.396 1 11.561.275
1 !

; i
ENVIRONNEMENT | 99.207.976 j 16.513.872 1 3.832.520 | 20.346.392
1 ;, i

! FISSION 97.480.344 18.436.924 i 23.813.932 i 42.250.856 24.609.000 [ !] 164.340.200

FUSION 25.996.697 4.591.464 **5.205.721** 9.797.185 4.796.000 i 40.589.882

**`CAPITAL`** **`HUMAIN`** 3.087.557 4.508.344 **29.726** 4.538.070 17.124.000 ! 24.749.627

4

Total Prog. Cadre 336.841.676 j 63.413.235 ' 46.290.169 **109.703.404** 97.954.000 : 544.499.080 '

SUPPORT COMMISSION ! 108.278.832

1

PRESTATIONS TIERS i 34.068.064

18.285.928 < 8.084.742 26.370.670 ' 55.351.000 190.000.502

5.837.027 3.728.573 **9.565.600** **J** **24.367.000** **i** **68.000.664**
**1** **,**

Total CCR en 8udget I 479.188.572, 87.536.190 ! 58.103.484 145.639.674 ; 177.672.000 302.500.246

EXPLOITATION OU HFR! 20.591.428 3.574.891 34.780.435 38.255.326 10.053.000 68.999.754

**Total** **général** **CCR** 499.780.000 91.111.081 92.883.919 : 183.995.J00 ' 187.725.000 871.500.000

_**88**_

**PROGRAM*** **OU** **CENTRE COMMUN** **OE** **RECHERCHE** **1992-1994.**

**ECHEANCIER** **PlURIANNUEL OES** **ENGAGEMENTS**

**Crédits** **d*engageront**

**•** **Croître**

**;** **irri:'.a**
**; Poite**

**Intitulé**

**Activité****

**Program» 1992-1994**

**1993** **1994** **Total**

**i** **36-3** **CENTRE COMMUN** **OE** **RECHERCHE!**

**'PROGRAMME** **CADRE** **1992-1994**

**96-31** **|** **TECHNOLOGIES** **DIFFUSATES**

**1992**

**25.061**

**27.796**

**52.877**

**46.049**

**56.460**

**12.674**

**117.403**

**7.920**

**pm**

**178.200**

**SS.617**

**21.437**

**20.864**

**36.312**

**36.3121**

**36-3122**

**|** **36-32**

**I**

**I B8-321**

**|** **36-3211**

**I**

**!** **36.323**

**|** **86-3232**

**:** **86.3233**

**86.33**

**86-331**

**36.35**

**36*351**

**l 86-42**

**I**
**|** **86-43**

**I**

**I** **86-44**

**'Technologies industriel** **le*** **et dtt** **meter1au***
**i Tecnnologiet industrielles** **et des** **netéHtux**
**;** **Mesures** **et** **estait**

**i** **Total** **de** **l'article** **86-312**

**[GESTION OES RESSOURCES NATURELLES**

**jEnvironnement**
**|** **Environnement**

```
|Energie
j Sûreté de la fission nucléaire
| Put ion tnermonucléâlrt contrôlée

| Total dt l'article 86-323

(VALORISATION OES RESSOURCES INTELLECTUELLES

```

**|** **Capital** **hum In** **e t** **mobilité**

**iRECHERCHÉ** **EXPLORATOIRE**

**|** **Recherche** **exploratoire**

**j** **TOTAL,** **QV MQÇRAMMf ÇAflK g j** **Ç.ÇR,,**

```
; CENTRE COMMUN OC RECHERCHEl
|ACTIONS O'ACCOMPAGNEMENT ET OC SUPPORT

I
|SUPPORT S/T AUX AUTRES DIRECTIONS GENERALES

I

'PRESTATIONS POUR LE CCMPTC OC TIERS

I

```

**'.EXPLOITATION** **OU** **REACT** **.A** **A** **HAUT FLUX**

**77.221**

**89.100**

**156.321**

**146.499**

**164.340**

**40.590**

**353.429**

**24.750**

**pm**

**544.500**

**190.000**

**66.000**

**69.000**

**327.000**

**671,500**

**26.557**

**31.561**

**58.116**

**51.715**

**55.073**

**14.206**

**120.993**

**6.813**

**pm**

**187.724**

**67.577**

**23.816**

**25.139**

**116.532**

**304.256**

**TOTAL ACTIONS** **D'ACCOMPAGNEMENT** **ET OE** **SUPPORT** **I** **96.136**

**1 TOTAL** **WflAL.** **K m CQMffltt QC MfflBffll** **I** **2".33S**

**25.563**

**29.743**

**53.328**

**a .** **735**

**52.767**

**13.511**

**115.033**

**8.217**

**pm**

**176.576**

**66.606**

**22.747**

**22.977**

**U2.330**

**290.906**

**99**

#### **STATEMENT OF IMPACT** **ON COMPETITIVENESS** **AND EMPLOYMENT**

###### 100

1 

1. The main reason for introducing the measure

The proposed EEC and EAEC specific programmes constitute a contribution
to the implementation of the Third Framework Programme for Community
Research and Technological Development (1990-1992) in those fields, where
the JRC can offer an impartial and independent expert opinion for the
benefit of all Community policies. This applies notably to prenormative
research in the fields of materials, working environment, reference
measurements and methods in non-nuclear and nuclear areas, to
environmental research and to research on nuclear and industrial safety.
Finally, the human capital and mobility scheme will provide training for
around 200 young researchers annually in the JRC, collaborating with
national laboratories.

2. Features of the business in question

The programmes by their very nature are deemed to be of interest to a wide
range of businesses, including small and medium sized ones. In relevant
areas of mutual interest, active collaboration for achieving the programme
objectives will be sought with industry throughout the Community.

3. Obligations imposed **on business**

In general, no direct obligations are foreseen following the implementation
of the proposed Council Decisions. Industries possibly entering into
collaboration agreements with the JRC related to the execution of part of
the programmes will satisfy obligations under such agreements.

4. Indirect obligations **likely to be imposed on business by national, regional**
or local authorities

None are envisaged.

5. Special provisions **in respect of** **SME's**

The JRC will - as in the past - endeavour, through the appropriate channels
and schemes, to make the results of its research under the programmes
available to small and medium-sized enterprises. Such enterprises are users
of the JRC research installations and execute projects for the exploitation of
JRC research.

Finally, the JRC for the general operation of its geographical sites in many
areas, draws upon the services provided by small and medium-sized firms.

6. Likely effects on:

a) The competitiveness of business

The research envisaged under the proposed programmes possesses
chiefly a prenormative dimension, and its outcome should lead to the
setting up of further norms, standards and codes of practice in several
areas of industry, business and societal affairs, including the protection
of the human and natural environments. The overall effect is a
contribution to the further fostering of the large internal market of

101

**2-**

**the Community and thereby an addition to the measures for the**
**increase of the** **competitivity** **of industry and other businesses. The**
**prenormative research, both long and short-term, will** _**inter**_ _**alia**_ **lead to**
**new technological developments of industrial interest and to the**
**provision of new instrumentation for correctly gauging compliance to**
**norms,** **standards and regulations set by European or international**
**standardization bodies, as well as national or Community regulatory**
**authorities. The development and access of industry to such**
**instrumentation (ranging from large scale test and experimental**
**facilities to reference materials for numerous purposes) will contribute**
**to quality, reliability and safety of products and processes, and thus to**
**the competitiveness of business and industry.**

**b)** **Employment**

**In addition to the jobs provided by the JRC on its four geographical**
**sites housing the scientific Institutes, the housing of 2000 staff and**
**their** **families,** **young researchers under training, scientific visitors and**
**seconded national experts, the staff of the European schools and local**
**services, have an important social aspect extending well beyond the**
**research activities and their supporting services. The highly diversified**
**demands for services and consumer goods from the entire** **JRC-related**
**population has led, in fact, and continues to lead to the creation and**
**maintaining of** **jobs,** **both in the local communities around the** **JRC** **sites**
**and more widely throughout Europe. The increasing efforts of**
**associating JRC research with similar national research has likewise on**
**national grounds, led to the creation of new** **jobs specifically** **concerned**
**with the collaboration with the JRC. This trend may accelerate with**
**the proposals for the** **JRC** **programmes for** **1992-1994.**

**In** **a broader context, there are examples of the results obtained at the**
**JRC** **leading to new initiatives either in existing firms or in the creation**
**of new firms: this obviously tends to create new** **jobs.** **This trend will**
**continue, with the Centre more and more closely oriented to the needs**
**of European industry and operating in collaboration with it.**

**7.** **Consultation of representative organisations**

**The proposed** **EEC** **and EAEC programmes will be submitted to the Economic**
**and Social Committee for opinion and the** **EAEC** **programmes likewise to the**
**Scientific and Technical Committee. During preparation of the programmes,**
**close contact** **has** **been maintained, notably** **tor** **the prenormative dimension,**
**with the Industrial Research and Development Advisory Committee.**

**The programme proposals are elaborated in a** **long-lasting** **dialogue with the**
**JRC Board of Governors and discussed or to be discussed with the relevant**
**committees for the Shared Cost Action programmes belonging to the same**
**lines of the Framework Programme** **as** **the** **JRC** **programmes.**

**Finally, the programmes which will be executed by the JRC scientific**
**institutes are included in the standing consultations with the Institute**
**Advisory Boards for the JRC Institutes, as well as the JRC Scientific**
**Committee.**

102

ISSN 0254-1475

COM(91) 281 final

### DOCUMENTS

E N 15

Catalogue number : CB-CO-91-333-EN-C

ISBN 92-77-74732-3

Office for Official Publications of the European Communities

L-2985 Luxembourg