Source: EURLEX
Language: en
Format: md

![european flag](./../../../images/eclogo.jpg)EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Brussels, 31.10.2019

SWD(2019) 396 final

COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT

Technical information

Accompanying the document

Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council

Preparing the ground for raising long-term ambition  
  
  
EU Climate Action Progress Report 2019

{COM(2019) 559 final}

Contents

1. OVERVIEW OF EU CLIMATE TARGETS
   

2. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS COVERED BY THE KYOTO PROTOCOL AND THE CLIMATE AND ENERGY PACKAGE
   

3. EU GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY SECTOR
   

4. GREENHOUSE GAS INTENSITY IN THE EU AND ITS MEMBER STATES
   

5. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS PER CAPITA IN THE EU AND ITS MEMBER STATES
   

6. EU ETS EMISSIONS
   

7. EMISSIONS COVERED BY THE EFFORT SHARING LEGISLATION
   

8. USE OF REVENUES FROM THE AUCTIONING OF EU ETS ALLOWANCES
   

1. OVERVIEW OF EU CLIMATE TARGETS

Table 1: Overview of EU climate targets.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | International commitments | | | EU domestic legislation | | | | | | |
|  | The EU’s commitment under the Kyoto Protocol | | The EU’s commitment under the Paris Agreement | 2020 Climate and Energy Package | | | 2030 Climate and Energy Framework | | | |
|  |  | |  | EU ETS | Effort Sharing Decision (ESD) | | EU ETS | | Effort Sharing Regulation (ESR) | LULUCF |
| Target year of period | Second commitment period (2013-2020)  (target for EU-28) | | Already in force – covers the period post 2020 | 2013-2020 | 2013-2020 | | 2021-2030 | | 2021-2030 | 2021-2030 |
| Emission reduction target | -20 % | | at least -40 % in 2030 | -21 % in 2020 compared to 2005 for ETS emissions | Annual targets by MS. In 2020 -10 % compared to 2005 for non-ETS emissions | | -43 % in 2030 compared to 2005 for ETS emissions | | Annual targets by MS. In 2030 -30 % compared to 2005 for non-ETS emissions | 0% (no-debit target based on accounting rules) |
|  |  | |  | Overall target: -20 % GHG emissions reduction vs 1990" | | | Overall target: at least -40 % domestic GHG emissions reduction vs 1990 | | | |
| Further targets | - | | • limiting global warming to well below 2°C.;   • every 5 years to set more ambitious targets as required by science;  • report on implementation/ track progress towards the long-term goal through a robust transparency and accountability system.  • balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases in the second half of this century. | Renewable Energy Directive: 20 % share of renewable energy of gross final energy consumption; | | | At least 32 % share of renewable energy in EU energy consumption (with an upward review by 2023); | | | |
|  |  | |  | Energy Efficiency Directive : Increase energy efficiency by 20 %. | | | At least 32.5 % improvement in energy efficiency (with an upward review by 2023). | | | |
| Base year | 1990, but subject to flexibility rules. 1995 or 2000 may be used as its base year for NF3 | | 1990 | 2005 | | 2005 | 2005 | 2005 | | Subject to accounting rules |
|  |  | |  | 1990 for overall emission reduction target | | | 1990 for overall emission reduction target | | | |
| LULUCF | Included: afforestation, reforestation and deforestation (ARD) and forest management, other activities if elected  (new accounting rules) | | Included: Contributes to the commitment of decreasing emissions by at least -40%. | Excluded from target, but reported in inventories. | | | Included: Contributes to the commitment of decreasing emissions by at least -40%. | | | |
| Aviation [1](#footnote1) | Domestic aviation included. International aviation not attributed. | | Economy-wide action encouraged | EU ETS:  Domestic (national) and some international aviation included. | ESD:  Aviation generally excluded | | EU ETS:  Domestic and some international aviation included. | | ESR:  Aviation generally excluded |  |
| Use of international credits | Use of KP flexible mechanisms subject to KP rules | | The EU will not use international credits (according to its NDC) | Upper limit for credit use for period 2008-2020 at a maximum of 50 % of the reduction effort below 2005 levels | Annual use of carbon credits is limited to up to 3 % of each Member State's ESD emissions in 2005 [[2](#footnote2)](file:///C:/Users/veragsi/AppData/Local/Microsoft/Windows/Temporary%20Internet%20Files/Content.MSO/E0DB9A89.xlsx) | | No [3](#footnote3) | | No | No |
| Carry-over of units from preceeding periods [4](#footnote4) | Subject to KP rules including those agreed in the Doha Amendment | | No | EU ETS allowances can be banked into subsequent ETS trading periods since the second trading period | No carry over from previous period | | Indefinite validity of allowances not limited to trading periods, no need to carry over. | | No | No |
| Gases covered | CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs [5](#footnote5) , PFCs, SF6, NF3 | | CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3 | CO2, N2O, PFCs, | CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6 | | CO2, N2O, PFCs, | | CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs, SF6, NF3 | CO2 |
| Sectors included | Energy, IPPU, agriculture, waste, LULUCF | Energy, IPPU, agriculture, waste, LULUCF | Energy, IPPU, agriculture, waste, LULUCF | Power & heat generation, energy-intensive industry sectors, aviation | Transport (except aviation), buildings, non-ETS industry, agriculture (non-CO2) and waste | | Power & heat generation, energy-intensive industry sectors, aviation | | Transport (except aviation), buildings, non-ETS industry, agriculture (non CO2) and waste | Land use, land use change and forestry |
| GWPs used | IPCC SAR | IPCC AR4 | IPCC AR4 | IPCC AR4 | | | IPCC AR4 | | | |
| Applicable to number of MS | 15 (additional KP targets for single MS) | EU-28 and Iceland | 28 Member States + possibly Iceland and Norway | 28 [6](#footnote6) | | | 28 | | | |

2. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS COVERED BY THE KYOTO PROTOCOL AND THE CLIMATE AND ENERGY PACKAGE

Table 2: Emissions covered by the EU Climate and Energy Package and by the Kyoto Protocol, second commitment period 1990, 2017 and 2020 targets (Mt CO2-eq. and % change from base year emissions)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | Base year emissions (Mt CO2-eq.) | 1990 emissions (Mt CO2-eq.) | 2017 emissions (Mt CO2-eq.) | 2017 emissions (% change from base year) | 2020 targets (Mt CO2-eq.) | 2020 target (% change from base year) |
| Climate and energy package: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total GHG emissions, including international aviation (EU Convention scope) | 5723 | 5723 | 4483 | -22% | 4578 | -20% |
| Kyoto Protocol: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total GHG emissions, excluding international aviation (EU KP scope + Iceland) | 5876 | 5664 | 4337 | -26% | 4701 | -20% |

Table 2 shows progress towards the EU’s 2020 targets as defined under the EU Climate and Energy Package and under the Kyoto Protocol. The differences between the two approaches are described in table 1. Notably, emissions from international aviation are included in the Climate and Energy Package, but excluded under the Kyoto Protocol. The geographical scope of the commitment under the Kyoto protocol includes Iceland and certain regions not included in the Climate and Energy Package.

Under the Kyoto Protocol, base year emissions differs from 1990 because some Member States have used a different base year. Moreover, for NF3 emissions, 1995 or 2000 may have been used as base year.

Under the Kyoto Protocol, Member States also need to account for emissions and removals from certain categories of land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) by applying the accounting rules of the Kyoto Protocol. Table 2 does not include emissions and removals from LULUCF. For the EU as a whole, the LULUCF sector has been a net accounted sink in 2013-2017, thereby contributing to achieving the commitment.

  

3. EU GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY SECTOR

Figure 1: EU greenhouse gas emissions by sector, historical data (1990-2018) and projections (2019-2030).
[7](#footnote7)
 

Figure 2: EU greenhouse gas emissions by sector 2017 (in % of total emissions).
[8](#footnote8)
 

The sectors used in Figure 1 and 2 correspond to the following IPCC sectors:

·Energy supply: 1A1, 1B and 1C,

·Energy use in manufacturing industries: 1A2,

·Industrial processes and product use: 2,

·Transport: 1A3,

·Other energy use: 1A4, 1A5 and 6,

·Agriculture: 3,

·Waste: 5,

·International aviation: memo item.

4. GREENHOUSE GAS INTENSITY IN THE EU AND ITS MEMBER STATES

Figure 3: Greenhouse gas emissions intensity (i.e. the ratio between emissions and GDP) in the EU and its Member States 1990, 2005 and 2018 (g CO2-eq./ EUR).
[9](#footnote9)

5. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS PER CAPITA IN THE EU AND ITS MEMBER STATES

Figure 4: Greenhouse gas emissions per capita in the EU and its Member States 1990, 2005 and 2016 (tonnes CO2-eq. per capita).
[10](#footnote10)

  

6. EU ETS EMISSIONS

Table 3: Verified ETS emissions from stationary installations (Mt CO2-eq. and percentage change from year X-1).

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|  | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| Verified total emissions | 1904 | 1867 | 1908 | 1814 | 1803 | 1750 | 1755 | 1682 |
| Change from year x-1 | -1.8% | -2,0% | 2.2% | -4.9% | -0.6% | -2.9% | 0.2% | -4.1% |
| Verified emissions from power sector | 1190 | 1184 | 1125 | 1037 | 1032 | 992 | 985 | 913 |
| Change from year x-1 |  | -0,5% | -5,0% | -7,8% | -0,5% | -3,8% | -0,7% | -7,3% |
| Verified emissions from industrial installations | 715 | 683 | 783 | 777 | 771 | 758 | 769 | 769 |
| Change from year x-1 |  | -4,5% | 14,7% | -0,9% | -0,7% | -1,7% | 1,4% | -0,1% |

7. EMISSIONS COVERED BY THE EFFORT SHARING LEGISLATION

Table 4: Member States targets, historical and projected emissions under the effort-sharing legislation in percentage change from 2005 base year emissions. Distance to targets in percentage points, negative values indicate overachievement while positive values indicate underachievement. WEM = with existing measures, WAM = with additional measures.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Member State | 2017  (final data) | 2018 (preliminary data) | 2020 (projections WEM) | 2030 (projections WEM) | 2030 (projections WAM |
| Austria |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -13% | -14% | -16% | -36% |  |
| Emissions | -9% | -11% | -10% | -16% |  |
| Distance to target | 4 | 3 | 6 | 20 |  |
| Belgium |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -10% | -11% | -15% | -35% |  |
| Emissions | -12% | -11% | -11% | -13% | -36% |
| Distance to target | -2 | 0 | 4 | 22 | -1 |
| Bulgaria |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | 17% | 18% | 20% | 0% |  |
| Emissions | 20% | 21% | 15% | 8% |  |
| Distance to target | 3 | 3 | -5 | 8 |  |
| Croatia |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | 7% | 9% | 11% | -7% |  |
| Emissions | -4% | -1% | -8% | -6% | -19% |
| Distance to target | -12 | -10 | -19 | 1 | -12 |
| Cyprus |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | 0% | -1% | -5% | -24% |  |
| Emissions | 2% | 0% | 4% | 1% | -2% |
| Distance to target | 2 | 2 | 9 | 25 | 22 |
| Czechia |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | 6% | 7% | 9% | -14% |  |
| Emissions | 1% | 4% | 2% | -12% | -14% |
| Distance to target | -5 | -3 | -7 | 2 | 0 |
| Denmark |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -13% | -15% | -20% | -39% |  |
| Emissions | -18% | -19% | -21% | -23% |  |
| Distance to target | -5 | -4 | -1 | 16 |  |
| Estonia |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | 9% | 10% | 11% | -13% |  |
| Emissions | 14% | 17% | 9% | 12% | -4% |
| Distance to target | 5 | 7 | -2 | 25 | 9 |
| Finland |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -11% | -13% | -16% | -39% |  |
| Emissions | -11% | -11% | -15% | -24% | -37% |
| Distance to target | 0 | 1 | 1 | 15 | 2 |
| France |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -10% | -11% | -14% | -37% |  |
| Emissions | -11% | -14% | -13% | -24% | -42% |
| Distance to target | -1 | -2 | 1 | 13 | -5 |
| Germany |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -10% | -11% | -14% | -38% |  |
| Emissions | -2% | -8% | -9% | -22% |  |
| Distance to target | 7 | 3 | 5 | 16 |  |
| Greece |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -5% | -5% | -4% | -16% |  |
| Emissions | -27% | -28% | -25% | -25% | -29% |
| Distance to target | -22 | -23 | -21 | -9 | -13 |
| Hungary |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | 4% | 6% | 10% | -7% |  |
| Emissions | -10% | -10% | -10% | -4% | -16% |
| Distance to target | -14 | -16 | -20 | 3 | -9 |
| Ireland |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -13% | -15% | -20% | -30% |  |
| Emissions | -7% | -4% | -5% | -7% | -13% |
| Distance to target | 6 | 12 | 15 | 23 | 17 |
| Italy |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -11% | -12% | -13% | -33% |  |
| Emissions | -19% | -18% | -20% | -27% | -36% |
| Distance to target | -8 | -6 | -7 | 6 | -3 |
| Latvia |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | 14% | 15% | 17% | -6% |  |
| Emissions | 8% | 8% | 7% | -4% | -6% |
| Distance to target | -6 | -7 | -10 | 2 | 0 |
| Lithuania |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | 7% | 9% | 15% | -9% |  |
| Emissions | 7% | 7% | 6% | 5% | -1% |
| Distance to target | 0 | -3 | -9 | 14 | 8 |
| Luxembourg |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -14% | -16% | -20% | -40% |  |
| Emissions | -14% | -10% | -15% | -15% |  |
| Distance to target | 0 | 6 | 5 | 25 |  |
| Malta |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | 5% | 5% | 5% | -19% |  |
| Emissions | 28% | 32% | 32% | 43% |  |
| Distance to target | 23 | 27 | 27 | 62 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Netherlands |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -11% | -13% | -16% | -36% |  |
| Emissions | -20% | -20% | -26% | -32% |  |
| Distance to target | -9 | -8 | -10 | 4 |  |
| Poland |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | 11% | 12% | 14% | -7% |  |
| Emissions | 18% | 21% | 14% | 14% |  |
| Distance to target | 6 | 9 | 0 | 21 |  |
| Portugal |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -1% | -1% | 1% | -17% |  |
| Emissions | -17% | -16% | -24% | -43% | -47% |
| Distance to target | -16 | -16 | -25 | -26 | -30 |
| Romania |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | 11% | 14% | 19% | -2% |  |
| Emissions | 0% | -2% | 1% | 10% | 6% |
| Distance to target | -12 | -16 | -18 | 12 | 8 |
| Slovakia |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | 9% | 10% | 13% | -12% |  |
| Emissions | -7% | -5% | -7% | -7% | -21% |
| Distance to target | -17 | -15 | -20 | 5 | -9 |
| Slovenia |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | 3% | 3% | 4% | -15% |  |
| Emissions | -8% | -7% | -9% | -15% |  |
| Distance to target | -11 | -11 | -13 | 0 |  |
| Spain |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -8% | -8% | -10% | -26% |  |
| Emissions | -15% | -14% | -14% | -16% | -39% |
| Distance to target | -7 | -6 | -5 | 10 | -13 |
| Sweden |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -13% | -14% | -17% | -40% |  |
| Emissions | -25% | -25% | -32% | -40% |  |
| Distance to target | -12 | -10 | -15 | 0 |  |
| United Kingdom |  |  |  |  |  |
| Target | -14% | -14% | -16% | -37% |  |
| Emissions | -21% | -21% | -27% | -32% |  |
| Distance to target | -7 | -7 | -11 | 5 |  |

  

Table 5: Annual emissions allocations
[11](#footnote11)
, historical and projected emissions and distance to targets under the Effort Sharing Decision (Mt. CO2-eq.). Positive gap to target indicate overachievement, negative values indicate underachievement. WEM = with existing measures, WAM = with additional measures.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Member State | 2005  (base year emissions) | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 (preliminary data) | 2019 (projections WEM) | 2020 (projections WEM) |
| Austria |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 52,6 | 52,1 | 51,5 | 51,0 | 49,5 | 48,9 | 48,3 | 47,8 |
| Emissions | 56,8 | 50,1 | 48,2 | 49,3 | 50,6 | 51,7 | 50,6 | 51,0 | 50,9 |
| Distance to target |  | 2,5 | 3,9 | 2,2 | 0,4 | -2,1 | -1,7 | -2,7 | -3,2 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 2,5 | 6,4 | 8,7 | 9,0 | 6,9 | 5,1 | 2,4 | -0,7 |
| Belgium |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 78,4 | 76,9 | 75,3 | 73,8 | 72,5 | 71,1 | 69,7 | 68,2 |
| Emissions | 80,3 | 74,3 | 70,1 | 72,7 | 74,1 | 70,8 | 71,4 | 71,5 | 71,8 |
| Distance to target |  | 4,1 | 6,8 | 2,6 | -0,3 | 1,7 | -0,3 | -1,8 | -3,6 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 4,1 | 10,9 | 13,5 | 13,2 | 14,9 | 14,6 | 12,8 | 9,2 |
| Bulgaria |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 26,9 | 27,2 | 27,5 | 27,7 | 25,9 | 26,1 | 26,3 | 26,5 |
| Emissions | 22,1 | 22,2 | 22,9 | 25,4 | 25,6 | 26,5 | 26,8 | 25,1 | 25,4 |
| Distance to target |  | 4,7 | 4,3 | 2,1 | 2,1 | -0,6 | -0,7 | 1,3 | 1,1 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 4,7 | 9,0 | 11,1 | 13,3 | 12,6 | 11,9 | 13,2 | 14,3 |
| Croatia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 19,6 | 19,8 | 20,0 | 20,2 | 18,7 | 18,9 | 19,1 | 19,3 |
| Emissions | 17,4 | 15,1 | 14,7 | 15,6 | 16,0 | 16,7 | 17,2 | 16,1 | 16,0 |
| Distance to target |  | 4,5 | 5,1 | 4,4 | 4,2 | 2,0 | 1,7 | 3,0 | 3,3 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 4,5 | 9,6 | 14,1 | 18,2 | 20,3 | 21,9 | 24,9 | 28,3 |
| Cyprus |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 5,9 | 5,9 | 5,9 | 5,9 | 4,2 | 4,1 | 4,0 | 4,0 |
| Emissions | 4,2 | 3,9 | 3,9 | 4,1 | 4,1 | 4,3 | 4,2 | 4,4 | 4,3 |
| Distance to target |  | 2,0 | 2,0 | 1,9 | 1,8 | -0,1 | -0,1 | -0,3 | -0,4 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 2,0 | 4,0 | 5,8 | 7,7 | 7,6 | 7,5 | 7,2 | 6,8 |
| Czechia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 62,5 | 63,2 | 64,0 | 64,7 | 65,2 | 65,9 | 66,5 | 67,2 |
| Emissions | 61,7 | 61,5 | 57,6 | 61,3 | 62,8 | 62,4 | 64,1 | 63,4 | 63,2 |
| Distance to target |  | 1,0 | 5,6 | 2,7 | 1,9 | 2,8 | 1,8 | 3,1 | 4,0 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 1,0 | 6,6 | 9,3 | 11,2 | 14,0 | 15,7 | 18,9 | 22,9 |
| Denmark |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 36,8 | 35,9 | 35,0 | 34,1 | 34,8 | 33,9 | 33,0 | 32,1 |
| Emissions | 40,1 | 33,7 | 32,6 | 32,5 | 33,1 | 32,7 | 32,4 | 32,3 | 31,9 |
| Distance to target |  | 3,1 | 3,3 | 2,5 | 1,0 | 2,1 | 1,4 | 0,7 | 0,2 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 3,1 | 6,4 | 8,9 | 9,9 | 12,0 | 13,4 | 14,1 | 14,3 |
| Estonia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 6,3 | 6,3 | 6,3 | 6,4 | 5,9 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 |
| Emissions | 5,4 | 5,8 | 6,1 | 6,1 | 6,2 | 6,2 | 6,3 | 6,0 | 5,9 |
| Distance to target |  | 0,5 | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | -0,3 | -0,4 | 0,0 | 0,1 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 0,5 | 0,8 | 1,0 | 1,1 | 0,9 | 0,5 | 0,4 | 0,5 |
| Finland |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 31,8 | 31,3 | 30,8 | 30,3 | 30,2 | 29,6 | 29,1 | 28,5 |
| Emissions | 33,9 | 31,6 | 30,1 | 29,9 | 31,4 | 30,1 | 30,0 | 29,3 | 29,0 |
| Distance to target |  | 0,2 | 1,1 | 0,9 | -1,0 | 0,1 | -0,4 | -0,3 | -0,5 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 0,2 | 1,3 | 2,2 | 1,2 | 1,3 | 0,9 | 0,6 | 0,1 |
| France |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 394,1 | 389,5 | 384,4 | 379,4 | 358,2 | 352,9 | 347,7 | 342,5 |
| Emissions | 398,2 | 366,1 | 353,5 | 353,0 | 351,9 | 352,8 | 343,1 | 347,1 | 345,4 |
| Distance to target |  | 28,0 | 35,9 | 31,4 | 27,5 | 5,4 | 9,9 | 0,6 | -3,0 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 28,0 | 63,9 | 95,3 | 122,8 | 128,2 | 138,1 | 138,6 | 135,6 |
| Germany |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 472,5 | 465,8 | 459,1 | 452,4 | 432,3 | 425,2 | 418,1 | 410,9 |
| Emissions | 477,8 | 460,2 | 436,8 | 444,1 | 454,2 | 466,9 | 441,2 | 440,4 | 436,6 |
| Distance to target |  | 12,3 | 29,0 | 15,1 | -1,7 | -34,5 | -16,0 | -22,4 | -25,7 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 12,3 | 41,4 | 56,4 | 54,7 | 20,2 | 4,2 | -18,2 | -43,9 |
| Greece |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 59,0 | 59,3 | 59,6 | 59,9 | 59,1 | 59,4 | 59,7 | 60,0 |
| Emissions | 62,6 | 44,2 | 44,4 | 45,4 | 44,9 | 45,4 | 44,9 | 46,4 | 46,9 |
| Distance to target |  | 14,8 | 14,9 | 14,2 | 15,0 | 13,7 | 14,6 | 13,4 | 13,2 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 14,8 | 29,6 | 43,8 | 58,8 | 72,5 | 87,1 | 100,4 | 113,6 |
| Hungary |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 50,4 | 51,5 | 52,6 | 53,8 | 50,1 | 51,0 | 51,9 | 52,8 |
| Emissions | 48,0 | 38,4 | 38,4 | 41,4 | 42,1 | 43,1 | 43,3 | 43,1 | 43,1 |
| Distance to target |  | 12,0 | 13,1 | 11,2 | 11,7 | 6,9 | 7,7 | 8,8 | 9,8 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 12,0 | 25,1 | 36,3 | 47,9 | 54,9 | 62,5 | 71,3 | 81,1 |
| Ireland |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 46,9 | 45,8 | 44,6 | 43,5 | 40,9 | 39,8 | 38,7 | 37,7 |
| Emissions | 47,1 | 42,2 | 41,7 | 43,0 | 43,8 | 43,8 | 45,4 | 44,6 | 44,6 |
| Distance to target |  | 4,7 | 4,1 | 1,6 | -0,3 | -2,9 | -5,6 | -5,9 | -6,9 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 4,7 | 8,8 | 10,4 | 10,1 | 7,1 | 1,6 | -4,3 | -11,2 |
| Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 308,2 | 306,2 | 304,2 | 302,3 | 298,3 | 295,8 | 293,4 | 291,0 |
| Emissions | 334,5 | 273,3 | 265,3 | 273,3 | 270,7 | 270,1 | 274,8 | 269,8 | 268,1 |
| Distance to target |  | 34,8 | 40,9 | 31,0 | 31,6 | 28,1 | 21,1 | 23,6 | 22,9 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 34,8 | 75,7 | 106,7 | 138,3 | 166,4 | 187,5 | 211,0 | 233,9 |
| Latvia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 9,3 | 9,4 | 9,4 | 9,5 | 9,7 | 9,8 | 9,9 | 10,0 |
| Emissions | 8,5 | 8,8 | 9,0 | 9,0 | 9,1 | 9,2 | 9,2 | 9,1 | 9,1 |
| Distance to target |  | 0,5 | 0,3 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 0,5 | 0,6 | 0,8 | 0,9 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 0,5 | 0,8 | 1,3 | 1,7 | 2,2 | 2,8 | 3,6 | 4,5 |
| Lithuania |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 12,9 | 13,3 | 13,7 | 14,0 | 14,1 | 14,5 | 14,9 | 15,2 |
| Emissions | 13,3 | 12,4 | 12,9 | 13,3 | 13,9 | 14,1 | 14,1 | 13,9 | 14,1 |
| Distance to target |  | 0,5 | 0,4 | 0,4 | 0,1 | 0,0 | 0,4 | 0,9 | 1,2 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 0,5 | 0,9 | 1,3 | 1,4 | 1,4 | 1,7 | 2,7 | 3,8 |
| Luxembourg |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 9,5 | 9,3 | 9,1 | 8,9 | 8,7 | 8,5 | 8,3 | 8,1 |
| Emissions | 10,1 | 9,4 | 8,9 | 8,6 | 8,5 | 8,7 | 9,1 | 8,7 | 8,6 |
| Distance to target |  | 0,2 | 0,5 | 0,5 | 0,4 | 0,0 | -0,6 | -0,4 | -0,5 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 0,2 | 0,7 | 1,2 | 1,6 | 1,6 | 1,0 | 0,7 | 0,2 |
| Malta |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 1,2 | 1,2 | 1,2 | 1,2 | 1,2 | 1,2 | 1,2 | 1,2 |
| Emissions | 1,1 | 1,3 | 1,3 | 1,3 | 1,3 | 1,4 | 1,5 | 1,4 | 1,5 |
| Distance to target |  | -0,1 | -0,1 | -0,1 | -0,2 | -0,3 | -0,3 | -0,3 | -0,3 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | -0,1 | -0,2 | -0,3 | -0,5 | -0,8 | -1,1 | -1,3 | -1,6 |
| Netherlands |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 122,9 | 120,7 | 118,4 | 116,1 | 114,1 | 111,8 | 109,6 | 107,4 |
| Emissions | 127,8 | 108,3 | 97,9 | 101,1 | 101,3 | 102,3 | 101,8 | 95,5 | 94,1 |
| Distance to target |  | 14,7 | 22,8 | 17,3 | 14,8 | 11,7 | 10,0 | 14,1 | 13,2 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 14,7 | 37,5 | 54,8 | 69,6 | 81,3 | 91,3 | 105,4 | 118,7 |
| Poland |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 193,6 | 194,9 | 196,1 | 197,4 | 200,0 | 201,7 | 203,4 | 205,2 |
| Emissions | 180,0 | 186,1 | 181,5 | 186,8 | 198,7 | 211,5 | 218,0 | 201,8 | 205,5 |
| Distance to target |  | 7,5 | 13,3 | 9,4 | -1,3 | -11,5 | -16,3 | 1,6 | -0,3 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 7,5 | 20,9 | 30,2 | 29,0 | 17,4 | 1,1 | 2,8 | 2,5 |
| Portugal |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 49,3 | 49,6 | 49,9 | 50,1 | 47,9 | 48,3 | 48,7 | 49,1 |
| Emissions | 48,6 | 38,6 | 38,8 | 40,6 | 41,6 | 40,2 | 40,8 | 37,9 | 37,1 |
| Distance to target |  | 10,7 | 10,8 | 9,2 | 8,6 | 7,7 | 7,5 | 10,8 | 12,0 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 10,7 | 21,5 | 30,7 | 39,3 | 47,0 | 54,5 | 65,3 | 77,4 |
| Romania |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 75,6 | 77,5 | 79,3 | 81,1 | 84,1 | 86,0 | 87,9 | 89,8 |
| Emissions | 75,5 | 72,7 | 72,5 | 74,6 | 73,1 | 75,4 | 74,3 | 76,0 | 76,5 |
| Distance to target |  | 2,9 | 4,9 | 4,7 | 8,0 | 8,7 | 11,7 | 11,8 | 13,3 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 2,9 | 7,8 | 12,5 | 20,5 | 29,2 | 40,9 | 52,8 | 66,0 |
| Slovakia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 24,0 | 24,4 | 24,7 | 25,1 | 25,0 | 25,3 | 25,6 | 25,9 |
| Emissions | 23,0 | 21,1 | 19,8 | 20,1 | 19,8 | 21,2 | 21,9 | 21,4 | 21,4 |
| Distance to target |  | 2,9 | 4,6 | 4,7 | 5,3 | 3,8 | 3,4 | 4,3 | 4,5 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 2,9 | 7,5 | 12,2 | 17,5 | 21,3 | 24,8 | 29,0 | 33,6 |
| Slovenia |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 12,3 | 12,4 | 12,4 | 12,4 | 12,2 | 12,2 | 12,3 | 12,3 |
| Emissions | 11,8 | 10,9 | 10,5 | 10,7 | 11,2 | 10,9 | 11,0 | 10,7 | 10,7 |
| Distance to target |  | 1,4 | 1,9 | 1,7 | 1,2 | 1,3 | 1,3 | 1,5 | 1,6 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 1,4 | 3,3 | 4,9 | 6,1 | 7,4 | 8,7 | 10,2 | 11,8 |
| Spain |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 227,6 | 225,6 | 223,7 | 221,8 | 218,3 | 216,3 | 214,3 | 212,4 |
| Emissions | 236,0 | 200,3 | 199,8 | 196,2 | 198,5 | 201,1 | 202,7 | 202,1 | 202,6 |
| Distance to target |  | 27,3 | 25,9 | 27,6 | 23,3 | 17,2 | 13,6 | 12,3 | 9,7 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 27,3 | 53,2 | 80,8 | 104,1 | 121,3 | 134,9 | 147,2 | 156,9 |
| Sweden |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 41,7 | 41,0 | 40,4 | 39,8 | 37,8 | 37,2 | 36,7 | 36,1 |
| Emissions | 43,5 | 35,3 | 34,5 | 33,9 | 32,6 | 32,5 | 32,7 | 30,4 | 29,4 |
| Distance to target |  | 6,4 | 6,5 | 6,5 | 7,2 | 5,3 | 4,5 | 6,2 | 6,6 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 6,4 | 12,9 | 19,4 | 26,6 | 31,9 | 36,4 | 42,6 | 49,3 |
| United Kingdom |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AEA |  | 358,7 | 354,2 | 349,7 | 345,2 | 360,4 | 357,2 | 354,1 | 350,9 |
| Emissions | 417,8 | 339,5 | 324,4 | 326,0 | 333,9 | 332,1 | 329,4 | 312,8 | 306,0 |
| Distance to target |  | 19,3 | 29,8 | 23,7 | 11,3 | 28,4 | 27,8 | 41,3 | 44,9 |
| Cumulative surplus of AEAs |  | 19,3 | 49,1 | 72,7 | 84,0 | 112,4 | 140,2 | 181,6 | 226,5 |

  

8. USE OF REVENUES FROM AUCTIONING OF ETS ALLOWANCES

Table 6: Member States' revenues from auctioning of ETS allowances (EUR million), amounts spent on climate and energy purposes (EUR million) and share of the revenues spent on climate and energy purposes (%), 2013-2018.
[12](#footnote12)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Member State | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2018 |
| Austria\* [13](#footnote13) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 55,8 | 53,6 | 78,6 | 59,5 | 157,4 | 210,4 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 37,0 | 54,8 | 79,8 | 59,9 |  |  |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 66% | 102% | 102% | 101% |  |  |
| Belgium |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 115,0 | 97,1 | 141,6 | 107,9 | 145,1 | 381,5 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 0,0 | 0,0 | 0,0 | 37,5 | 133,1 | 213,7 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 0% | 0% | 0% | 35% | 92% | 56% |
| Bulgaria |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 52,6 | 36,4 | 121,8 | 85,3 | 130,4 | 368,2 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 51,3 | 36,2 | 103,5 | 94,1 | 138,2 | 368,2 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 97% | 99% | 85% | 110% | 106% | 100% |
| Croatia |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | N/A | N/A | 87,0 | 46,1 | 27,2 | 71,5 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | N/A | N/A | 50,8 | 46,1 | 18,9 | 71,5 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | N/A | N/A | 58% | 100% | 70% | 100% |
| Cyprus |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 1,9 | 0,7 | 1,4 | 0,4 | 6,4 | 26,0 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 0,5 | 0,4 | 2,8 | 0,3 | 0,8 | 6,4 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 28% | 55% | 195% | 88% | 12% | 25% |
| Czechia |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 80,7 | 55,7 | 111,5 | 118,0 | 199,8 | 584,4 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 73,2 | 26,9 | 110,9 | 117,4 | 199,8 | 367,3 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 91% | 48% | 99% | 100% | 100% | 63% |
| Denmark\* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 56,0 | 48,1 | 71,3 | 53,7 | 71,7 | 189,8 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 56,0 | 48,1 | 71,3 | 53,7 | 71,7 | 189,8 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| Estonia |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 18,1 | 7,4 | 21,3 | 23,6 | 39,4 | 141,3 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 9,0 | 3,6 | 9,5 | 12,4 | 15,9 | 53,3 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 50% | 49% | 44% | 52% | 40% | 38% |
| Finland\* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 67,0 | 63,5 | 93,8 | 71,2 | 95,3 | 251,8 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 2,0 | 31,1 | 93,8 | 71,2 | 9,5 | 251,8 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 3% | 49% | 100% | 100% | 10% | 100% |
| France |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 219,2 | 215,3 | 312,1 | 234,7 | 313,4 | 829,6 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 219,2 | 215,3 | 312,1 | 0,0 | 313,4 | 550,0 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 100% | 100% | 100% | 0% | 100% | 66% |
| Germany |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 790,9 | 750,0 | 1110,2 | 850,4 | 1146,8 | 2581,7 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 790,9 | 750,0 | 1110,2 | 845,6 | 1130,8 | 2563,0 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 100% | 100% | 100% | 99% | 99% | 99% |
| Greece |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 147,6 | 131,1 | 195,2 | 148,1 | 198,0 | 523,5 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 142,5 | 116,7 | 177,2 | 148,1 | 198,0 | 523,5 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 97% | 89% | 91% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| Hungary |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 49,4 | 56,5 | 83,3 | 63,4 | 85,1 | 226,5 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 17,3 | 13,1 | 32,8 | 22,4 | 68,1 | 65,9 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 35% | 23% | 39% | 35% | 80% | 29% |
| Ireland\* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 41,7 | 36,0 | 41,7 | 40,1 | 53,6 | 142,1 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 41,7 | 36,0 | 41,7 | 40,1 | 53,6 | 142,1 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| Italy |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 427,9 | 408,6 | 543,4 | 411,2 | 549,8 | 1453,4 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 214,7 | 207,5 | 0,0 | 118,1 | 383,7 | 148,4 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 50% | 51% | 0% | 29% | 70% | 10% |
| Latvia |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 10,8 | 10,2 | 15,3 | 11,5 | 15,4 | 40,7 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 0,0 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 7,4 | 3,8 | 12,3 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 0% | 1% | 1% | 64% | 25% | 30% |
| Lithuania |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 20,0 | 17,3 | 28,4 | 20,8 | 31,5 | 80,4 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 20,0 | 17,3 | 28,4 | 20,8 | 31,5 | 80,4 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| Luxembourg\* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 5,0 | 5,2 | 6,8 | 5,1 | 6,9 | 18,3 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 2,5 | 2,9 | 3,5 | 2,6 | 3,5 | 9,2 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 50% | 56% | 52% | 51% | 50% | 51% |
| Malta\* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 4,5 | 3,9 | 6,2 | 4,5 | 6,0 | 15,7 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 4,5 | 3,9 | 6,2 | 4,5 | 6,9 | 4,9 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 116% | 31% |
| Netherlands\* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 134,2 | 131,1 | 187,3 | 142,6 | 190,7 | 504,2 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 134,2 | 131,1 | 187,3 | 141,6 | 190,7 | 504,2 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% |
| Poland\* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 244,0 | 78,0 | 132,8 | 136,1 | 506,0 | 1202,3 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 128,7 | 39,0 | 68,5 | 68,1 | 290,4 | 609,9 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 53% | 50% | 52% | 50% | 57% | 51% |
| Portugal |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 72,8 | 67,1 | 99,2 | 75,1 | 100,3 | 265,6 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 71,4 | 65,0 | 83,7 | 82,5 | 95,1 | 201,2 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 98% | 97% | 84% | 110% | 95% | 76% |
| Romania |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 122,7 | 97,9 | 195,2 | 194,0 | 260,8 | 719,1 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 91,2 | 67,7 | 42,5 | 52,0 | 0,0 | 160,0 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 74% | 69% | 22% | 27% | 0% | 22% |
| Slovakia |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 61,7 | 57,6 | 84,5 | 65,0 | 87,1 | 229,8 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 0,1 | 15,0 | 15,1 | 21,7 | 40,9 | 55,6 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 0% | 26% | 18% | 33% | 47% | 24% |
| Slovenia [14](#footnote14) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 17,7 | 16,6 | 24,4 | 18,7 | 25,1 | 66,3 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 8,9 | 8,3 | 24,4 | 18,7 | 25,1 |  |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 50% | 50% | 100% | 100% | 100% |  |
| Spain |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 346,1 | 330,1 | 489,5 | 364,5 | 493,6 | 1306,0 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 346,1 | 370,2 | 387,8 | 343,6 | 445,5 | 788,6 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 100% | 112% | 79% | 94% | 90% | 60% |
| Sweden\* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 35,7 | 33,6 | 52,4 | 38,6 | 52,6 | 136,3 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 35,7 | 18,9 | 30,5 | 21,7 | 28,8 | 76,5 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 100% | 56% | 58% | 56% | 55% | 56% |
| United Kingdom\* |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Total revenues | 485,4 | 401,5 | 586,3 | 424,3 | 614,8 | 1620,7 |
| Amount spent on climate and energy | 485,4 | 401,5 | 586,3 | 419,0 | 614,8 | 1334,2 |
| Share spent on climate and energy | 100% | 100% | 100% | 99% | 100% | 82% |

\*Member States that do not earmark auction revenues.

:   [(1)](#footnoteref1)

     May be reviewed in the light of the implementation of ICAO's global measure.
:   [(2)](#footnoteref2)

    Member States that do not use their 3 % limit for the use of international credits in any specific year can transfer the unused part of their limit to another Member State or bank it for their own use until 2020. Member States fulfilling additional criteria (Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Finland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden) may use credits from projects in Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States (SIDS) up to an additional 1 % of their verified emissions in 2005. These credits are not bankable and transferable. A maximum of approximately 750 Mt of international credits can be used during the period from 2013 to 2020 in the ESD.
:   [(3)](#footnoteref3)

    A link with the permit system in Switzerland has been approved and will be implemented once ratified.
:   [(4)](#footnoteref4)

    For the CP2 it refers to carry over from CP1. For the ETS it refers to carry-over from previous trading period under the scheme itself.
:   [(5)](#footnoteref5)

    HFCs are also covered by the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol, which entered into force on the 1st of January 2019.
:   [(6)](#footnoteref6)

    In addition to the 28 MS, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway are also covered under the EU-ETS.
:   [(7)](#footnoteref7)

    Sources: EU greenhouse gas inventory 1990-2017. EU approximated greenhouse gas inventory 2018 (EEA). Member States projections reviewed by EEA (2019).
:   [(8)](#footnoteref8)

    EU greenhouse gas inventory 1990-2017.
:   [(9)](#footnoteref9)

    Sources: EU greenhouse gas inventory 1990-2017, EU approximated greenhouse gas inventory 2018 (EEA). GDP in 2010-prices, data from Ameco database (European Commission, DG ECFIN).
:   [(10)](#footnoteref10)

    Sources: EU greenhouse gas inventory 1990-2017, EU approximated greenhouse gas inventory 2018 (EEA). Average population (total) (Eurostat).
:   [(11)](#footnoteref11)

     AEAs for the years 2017-2020 have been recalculated for all Member States to reflect updates in methodologies for reporting of GHG inventories. This recalculation ensures maintaining of the originally intended effort of each Member State (in % of 2005 emissions).
:   [(12)](#footnoteref12)

     Values for 2013-2015 are based on the study “Analysis of the use of Auction Revenues by the Member States” by Rambøll for the European Commission (2017). Values for 2016-2018 are presented as reported by the Member States. For France, Lithuania and Slovenia, the total revenues in 2018 are based on data from the auction platform EEX, see Member States’ reports on 
    [https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/auctioning\_en#tab-0-1](https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/ets/auctioning_en)
:   [(13)](#footnoteref13)

    For 2017 and 2018, Austria has not reported amounts spent on climate and energy purposes. Austria has reported that the total spending on such purposes was larger than the auction revenues in these years.
:   [(14)](#footnoteref14)

    Slovenia has not reported on the use of auctioning revenues in 2018 (by 15.10.2019).

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