[torch.compile] assertion sometimes ignored with inductor backend
Labels: triaged, oncall: pt2

### 🐛 Describe the bug

When the default backend is used, assertions are sometimes ignored.
This bug is a bit flaky - it disappeared when I tried to wrap it in try/catch - but was reduced from a non-toy example.
It does not manifest with the 'eager' backend selected.
This was discovered with the nightly 2.1.0.dev20230725+cu118 - the stable version crashes outright due to #96529


### Error logs

Not applicable, the bug manifests as **lack** of AssertionError


### Minified repro

### handbuilt repro
```
import torch
x, y = torch.ones(5), torch.zeros(5)

def incorrect(x,y):
  assert torch.all(torch.eq(x,y)) #with assert False, it behaves as expected
  print("not thrown")
  return x+y

def correct(x,y):
    try:
      assert torch.all(torch.eq(x, y))
      print("not thrown")
    except:
      print("throw")
    return x+y

torch.compile(correct, backend='eager')(x,y) #throw, correct
torch._dynamo.reset()
torch.compile(correct, backend='inductor')(x,y) #throw, correct
torch._dynamo.reset()
torch.compile(incorrect, backend='inductor')(x,y) #not thrown, incorrect
torch._dynamo.reset()
torch.compile(incorrect, backend='eager')(x,y) #assertion error, correct

```

### Versions

```
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 21653  100 21653    0     0  80621      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 80794
Collecting environment information...
PyTorch version: 2.1.0.dev20230725+cu118
Is debug build: False
CUDA used to build PyTorch: 11.8
ROCM used to build PyTorch: N/A

OS: Ubuntu 22.04.2 LTS (x86_64)
GCC version: (Ubuntu 11.3.0-1ubuntu1~22.04.1) 11.3.0
Clang version: 14.0.0-1ubuntu1
CMake version: version 3.25.2
Libc version: glibc-2.35

Python version: 3.10.6 (main, May 29 2023, 11:10:38) [GCC 11.3.0] (64-bit runtime)
Python platform: Linux-5.15.109+-x86_64-with-glibc2.35
Is CUDA available: False
CUDA runtime version: 11.8.89
CUDA_MODULE_LOADING set to: N/A
GPU models and configuration: Could not collect
Nvidia driver version: Could not collect
cuDNN version: Probably one of the following:
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn.so.8.9.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_adv_infer.so.8.9.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_adv_train.so.8.9.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_cnn_infer.so.8.9.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_cnn_train.so.8.9.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8.9.0
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libcudnn_ops_train.so.8.9.0
HIP runtime version: N/A
MIOpen runtime version: N/A
Is XNNPACK available: True

CPU:
Architecture:                    x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                  32-bit, 64-bit
Address sizes:                   46 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
Byte Order:                      Little Endian
CPU(s):                          2
On-line CPU(s) list:             0,1
Vendor ID:                       GenuineIntel
Model name:                      Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU @ 2.20GHz
CPU family:                      6
Model:                           79
Thread(s) per core:              2
Core(s) per socket:              1
Socket(s):                       1
Stepping:                        0
BogoMIPS:                        4400.33
Flags:                           fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid tsc_known_freq pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch invpcid_single ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm rdseed adx smap xsaveopt arat md_clear arch_capabilities
Hypervisor vendor:               KVM
Virtualization type:             full
L1d cache:                       32 KiB (1 instance)
L1i cache:                       32 KiB (1 instance)
L2 cache:                        256 KiB (1 instance)
L3 cache:                        55 MiB (1 instance)
NUMA node(s):                    1
NUMA node0 CPU(s):               0,1
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:     Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:              Mitigation; PTE Inversion
Vulnerability Mds:               Vulnerable; SMT Host state unknown
Vulnerability Meltdown:          Vulnerable
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:   Vulnerable
Vulnerability Retbleed:          Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Vulnerable
Vulnerability Spectre v1:        Vulnerable: __user pointer sanitization and usercopy barriers only; no swapgs barriers
Vulnerability Spectre v2:        Vulnerable, IBPB: disabled, STIBP: disabled, PBRSB-eIBRS: Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:             Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:   Vulnerable

Versions of relevant libraries:
[pip3] numpy==1.22.4
[pip3] pytorch-triton==2.1.0+9e3e10c5ed
[pip3] torch==2.1.0.dev20230725+cu118
[pip3] torchaudio==2.1.0.dev20230725+cu118
[pip3] torchdata==0.6.1
[pip3] torchsummary==1.5.1
[pip3] torchtext==0.15.2
[pip3] torchvision==0.16.0.dev20230725+cu118
[pip3] triton==2.0.0
[conda] Could not collect
```

cc @ezyang @msaroufim @wconstab @bdhirsh @anijain2305