[Dynamo] compile_check_fn throws IndexError 
Labels: triaged, oncall: pt2, module: dynamo

### 🐛 Describe the bug

Hi! I found that the following snippet will trigger an InternalTorchDynamoError. 

Some subtle modifications (as mentioned in the comments) might impede reproduction.

```
import torch
x = torch.tensor([1], device='cuda:0', dtype=torch.float64)

def forward():
    a = torch.tensor([[0]], device='cuda:0', dtype=torch.float64)
    # Move it out of the function will eliminate the error
    
    a1 = a # This line and the next are required to reproduce the error
    a2 = a1
    if x[0] >= 0:
        a.transpose(0, 1) # This line is required for reproduction
        a2[0, 0] = 0 
    return (a1, ) # replace it with "return a1", and the error is eliminated. 

print(forward())
fn_compiled = torch.compile(forward)
print(fn_compiled())
```

### Error logs

```
[2023-03-18 02:45:57,168] torch._inductor.utils: [WARNING] make_fallback(aten.addmv): a decomposition exists, we should switch to it
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/su/accdiff/thirdparty/pytorch/torch/_dynamo/convert_frame.py", line 372, in _compile
    check_fn = CheckFunctionManager(
  File "/home/su/accdiff/thirdparty/pytorch/torch/_dynamo/guards.py", line 647, in __init__
    self.check_fn = self.compile_check_fn(
  File "/home/su/accdiff/thirdparty/pytorch/torch/_dynamo/guards.py", line 711, in compile_check_fn
    assert self.output_graph.graphargs[
IndexError: list index out of range


You can suppress this exception and fall back to eager by setting:
    torch._dynamo.config.suppress_errors = True


The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/su/accdiff/test.py", line 15, in <module>
    print(fn_compiled())
  File "/home/su/accdiff/thirdparty/pytorch/torch/_dynamo/eval_frame.py", line 235, in _fn
    return fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/su/accdiff/test.py", line 4, in forward
    def forward():
  File "/home/su/accdiff/thirdparty/pytorch/torch/_dynamo/eval_frame.py", line 372, in catch_errors
    return callback(frame, cache_size, hooks)
  File "/home/su/accdiff/thirdparty/pytorch/torch/_dynamo/convert_frame.py", line 412, in _convert_frame
    result = inner_convert(frame, cache_size, hooks)
  File "/home/su/accdiff/thirdparty/pytorch/torch/_dynamo/convert_frame.py", line 110, in _fn
    return fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/su/accdiff/thirdparty/pytorch/torch/_dynamo/convert_frame.py", line 269, in _convert_frame_assert
    return _compile(
  File "/home/su/accdiff/thirdparty/pytorch/torch/_dynamo/utils.py", line 165, in time_wrapper
    r = func(*args, **kwargs)
  File "/home/su/accdiff/thirdparty/pytorch/torch/_dynamo/convert_frame.py", line 402, in _compile
    raise InternalTorchDynamoError() from e
torch._dynamo.exc.InternalTorchDynamoError
```

### Minified repro

_No response_

### Versions

PyTorch version: 2.1.0a0+gitfe05266
Is debug build: False
CUDA used to build PyTorch: 11.6
ROCM used to build PyTorch: N/A

OS: Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS (x86_64)
GCC version: (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1) 9.4.0
Clang version: 10.0.0-4ubuntu1
CMake version: version 3.25.2
Libc version: glibc-2.31

Python version: 3.9.5 (default, Nov 23 2021, 15:27:38)  [GCC 9.3.0] (64-bit runtime)
Python platform: Linux-5.15.0-67-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.31
Is CUDA available: True
CUDA runtime version: 11.6.112
CUDA_MODULE_LOADING set to: LAZY
GPU models and configuration: GPU 0: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2070
Nvidia driver version: 510.108.03
cuDNN version: Probably one of the following:
/usr/local/cuda-11.3/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn.so.8.2.4
/usr/local/cuda-11.3/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_adv_infer.so.8.2.4
/usr/local/cuda-11.3/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_adv_train.so.8.2.4
/usr/local/cuda-11.3/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_cnn_infer.so.8.2.4
/usr/local/cuda-11.3/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_cnn_train.so.8.2.4
/usr/local/cuda-11.3/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8.2.4
/usr/local/cuda-11.3/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_train.so.8.2.4
/usr/local/cuda-11.6/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn.so.8.6.0
/usr/local/cuda-11.6/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_adv_infer.so.8.6.0
/usr/local/cuda-11.6/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_adv_train.so.8.6.0
/usr/local/cuda-11.6/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_cnn_infer.so.8.6.0
/usr/local/cuda-11.6/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_cnn_train.so.8.6.0
/usr/local/cuda-11.6/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8.6.0
/usr/local/cuda-11.6/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_train.so.8.6.0
/usr/local/cuda-11.7/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn.so.8.7.0
/usr/local/cuda-11.7/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_adv_infer.so.8.7.0
/usr/local/cuda-11.7/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_adv_train.so.8.7.0
/usr/local/cuda-11.7/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_cnn_infer.so.8.7.0
/usr/local/cuda-11.7/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_cnn_train.so.8.7.0
/usr/local/cuda-11.7/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_infer.so.8.7.0
/usr/local/cuda-11.7/targets/x86_64-linux/lib/libcudnn_ops_train.so.8.7.0
HIP runtime version: N/A
MIOpen runtime version: N/A
Is XNNPACK available: True

CPU:
Architecture:                    x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):                  32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:                      Little Endian
Address sizes:                   43 bits physical, 48 bits virtual
CPU(s):                          32
On-line CPU(s) list:             0-31
Thread(s) per core:              2
Core(s) per socket:              16
Socket(s):                       1
NUMA node(s):                    1
Vendor ID:                       AuthenticAMD
CPU family:                      23
Model:                           1
Model name:                      AMD Ryzen Threadripper 1950X 16-Core Processor
Stepping:                        1
Frequency boost:                 enabled
CPU MHz:                         2200.000
CPU max MHz:                     3400.0000
CPU min MHz:                     2200.0000
BogoMIPS:                        6786.49
Virtualization:                  AMD-V
L1d cache:                       512 KiB
L1i cache:                       1 MiB
L2 cache:                        8 MiB
L3 cache:                        32 MiB
NUMA node0 CPU(s):               0-31
Vulnerability Itlb multihit:     Not affected
Vulnerability L1tf:              Not affected
Vulnerability Mds:               Not affected
Vulnerability Meltdown:          Not affected
Vulnerability Mmio stale data:   Not affected
Vulnerability Retbleed:          Mitigation; untrained return thunk; SMT vulnerable
Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled via prctl and seccomp
Vulnerability Spectre v1:        Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __user pointer sanitization
Vulnerability Spectre v2:        Mitigation; Retpolines, IBPB conditional, STIBP disabled, RSB filling, PBRSB-eIBRS Not affected
Vulnerability Srbds:             Not affected
Vulnerability Tsx async abort:   Not affected
Flags:                           fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ht syscall nx mmxext fxsr_opt pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc rep_good nopl nonstop_tsc cpuid extd_apicid amd_dcm aperfmperf rapl pni pclmulqdq monitor ssse3 fma cx16 sse4_1 sse4_2 movbe popcnt aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm cmp_legacy svm extapic cr8_legacy abm sse4a misalignsse 3dnowprefetch osvw skinit wdt tce topoext perfctr_core perfctr_nb bpext perfctr_llc mwaitx cpb hw_pstate ssbd ibpb vmmcall fsgsbase bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 rdseed adx smap clflushopt sha_ni xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves clzero irperf xsaveerptr arat npt lbrv svm_lock nrip_save tsc_scale vmcb_clean flushbyasid decodeassists pausefilter pfthreshold avic v_vmsave_vmload vgif overflow_recov succor smca sme sev

Versions of relevant libraries:
[pip3] numpy==1.24.2
[pip3] torch==2.1.0a0+git4805441
[pip3] triton==2.0.0

cc @ezyang @soumith @msaroufim @wconstab @ngimel @bdhirsh @voznesenskym @penguinwu @anijain2305 @EikanWang @jgong5 @Guobing-Chen @XiaobingSuper @zhuhaozhe @blzheng @Xia-Weiwen @wenzhe-nrv @jiayisunx @desertfire